cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The giant dipole resonances in 11C and 15O observed with the reactions 10B(p, γ)11C and 14N(p, γ)15O

Abstract The giant dipole resonances in 11C and 15O have been studied with the capture reactions su10B(p, γ0)11C (Ep = 2.6-17.0 MeV) and 14N(p, γ0)15O (Ep = 2.2–19.0 MeV). Some similarity is observed between the giant dipole resonances in 11C and 12C and between those in 15O and 16O. The average (γ, p0) cross sections for 11C and 15O are smaller by a factor of about 3 than those for 12C and 16O. However, the dipole strength is more spread out in 11C and 15O than in 12C and 16O. A comparison of results from 15N(γ, p0)1414C and 15O(γ, p0)14N suggests the contribution of T = 3 2 states in the former reaction but not in the latter. The yields of the reactions 10 B ( p , γ 1 ) 11 C ∗ and 11 N ( p , γ 1 +γ 2 ) 15 O ∗ are relatively weak and only estim their upper limits are obtained. For the sharp, low-lying resonances at Ep = 2.35 and 2.48 MeV in 11N(p, γ0)15O previous assignments of 5 2 − and 3 2 − are confirmed. For the reson E p = 4.20 MeV 3 2 + is obtained.
Extragalactic faraday rotation.

IN three very important and groundbreaking papers, Sofue, Fujimoto and Kawabata1, Kawabata et al.2, and Reinhardt and Thiel3 call attention to evidence which indicates that Faraday rotation is taking place in space outside our own Galaxy. Essentially they show that above low galactic latitudes, where material in the disk of our own Galaxy is known to produce Faraday rotation, extragalactic radio sources exhibit Faraday rotations which generally increase with the redshift of the source, and that these rotations behave similarly in certain regions of the sky.
The role of climbing fibers in the formation of Purkinje cell dendrites.

The relationship of the climbing fibers to developing Purkinje cells in the cerebellums of fetal macaques at 75-, 100-, 125-, and 150-days after conception was studied using Golgi stains and electron microscopic techniques. Between 125 and 150 days of fetal life the somatic processes of the Purkinje cells were most prominent and the apical dendrites were in the initial stages of their development. Serial sections of Purkinje cells, in the cerebellums of 125-day fetuses, were made and photographed in the electron microscope. Montages of individual Purkinje cells were prepared to permit tracing of the somatic processes and the climbing fibers. It was observed that Purkinje cells developed processes only after becoming associated with climbing fibers and that the climbing fiber terminals capped the growing ends of the processes at this critical stage. In several cases, growing tips of these processes penetrated the terminal boutons. The fine structure of the synaptic junction between the climbing fiber terminal and the Purkinje cell was analyzed using stereo-electron micrographs (× 125,000). From these observations and those of other authors it was concluded that the climbing fiber induces the formation of somatic processes which then develop into the elaborate dendritic tree. Furthermore, it is proposed that synaptic connections have contractile properties, and that it is this contractility which induces dendrite elaboration.
An initial assessment of haptics in preclinical operative dentistry training.

Aim The purpose of this study was to assess novice student perception of haptic-based manual dexterity training. The short-term impact of haptic training in the early phase of preclinical operative dentistry education was also investigated. Methods Dental students performed a class II amalgam and a class III resin tooth preparation in a typodont model at baseline. The experimental group performed exercises on the manual dexterity module of the IDEA™ software using a haptic device. The exercises required removing the maximum amount of three-dimensional geometric shapes within a predetermined width and depth. Tooth preparations were repeated 2 weeks later. A questionnaire survey was given to assess the subjective evaluation of the haptic simulation exercise. Results Tooth preparations were scored regarding external outline, internal form, and integrity of adjacent tooth. Improvement of overall tooth preparation scores post-haptic use was not statistically significant compared to controls (P > 0.05). However, students found the game-feature of the haptic device made the learning experience more fun and interesting. Conclusion The haptic exercises with the manual dexterity module software were not superior in improving the dexterity of students for tooth cavity preparations in short-term. Benefits of ease of use and fun learning experience can be further investigated in future studies.
Cochlear implant soft surgery: Fact or fantasy?

Abstract A basic surgical principle is to be as gentle as possible to accomplish the goals of the operation. The concept of “soft surgery” for cochlear implants consisted of a small, localized cochleostomy and gentle electrode insertion, the hope being that by limiting damage to the inner ear, superior hearing results might be obtained. The technique includes deferring the cochleostomy until immediately before electrode insertion, use of a large burr to flatten the promontory, followed by a smaller burr to expose the endosteum, preservation of the endosteum of the scala tympani, smoothing of the bony edges with burrs and dissectors, limited opening of the scala tympani, no suctioning of perilymph, gentle electrode insertion, and potential use of a lubricant to facilitate insertion. Although this technique has a theoretic basis, is esthetically satisfying, and has been used in many cases involving the Nucleus device at multiple centers, no data are available that demonstrate its advantages. Furthermore, the Clarion device, the results of which seem to be comparable to those of the Nucleus device, requires much more extensive and potentially damaging surgery. The pros and cons of soft surgery will be discussed. Although soft surgery seems desirable to limit trauma within the cochlea, other factors such as full electrode insertion, stimulation strategy, and survival of ganglion cells may be more important predictors of successful results. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997;117:214-6.)
On the Annual Cycle, Variability, and Correlations of Oceanic Low-Topped Clouds with Large-Scale Circulation Using Aqua MODIS and ERA-Interim

AbstractEight years of Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) level-3 cloud data in conjunction with collocated Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis are used to investigate relationships between isolated low-topped cloud fraction (LCF) and dynamics/thermodynamics versus averaging time scale. Correlation coefficients between LCF and −SST exceed 0.70 over 56% of ocean regions from 25°S to 25°N for 90-day running means and exceed 0.70 between LCF and 500-hPa omega (ω500) for over one-third of oceans from 50°S to 50°N. Correlations increase most dramatically by increasing the averaging time scale from 1 day to about 15, owing to the large LCF synoptic variability and random effects that are suppressed by averaging. In five regions selected with monthly mean SSTs between 291 and 303 K, SST decreases by −0.13 K %-1 low-cloud cover increase. Monthly LCF is also correlated with estimated inversion strength (EIS), which is SST dominated in low latitudes and free tropospheric temperature dominated in the n...
Relationship Marketing in an Online Social Media Context: Newspaper Versus Television Brand Websites Comparison

AbstractThis study examines how traditional media organizations utilize social media on their websites to build relationships with their audiences. Through a content analysis of the U.S. newspaper and television websites, the findings show that traditional mass media have aggressively incorporated various social media to engage with their readers/viewers. However, there are significant differences in using social media compared to national and local media, as well as newspaper and television media. Social media is also found to be an effective channel for building relationships and engaging customers through various community building and experience sharing; a function that is lacking in traditional mass communication outlets.
California Red Scale: 1 Females Isolated by Treatment with Dichlorvos 3

An economical chemical method of separating virgin female California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), from male scale on green lemons was developed. The aqueous formulation used as a dip is dichlorvos 0.5% + xylene and Triton X-100®, each at 0.04%. By treating the scale while in the second molt, the males were killed but most of the females survived the treatment. Surviving females were as attractive to responsive males as females which had been separated from males by costly hand removal.
Why Capitalist Firms Outnumber Labor-Managed Firms:

Orthodox economists argue that capitalist firms outnumber labor-managed firms (LMFs) because capitalist firms are more efficient. This paper reviews the literature on the economics of LMFs and argues that efficiency has very little to do with the dominance of capitalist firms. Capitalist firms outnumber LMFs because LMFs are disadvantaged in capitalist economies and because of ideological bias against LMFs. The principal obstacles faced by LMFs are: cultural and social backgrounds, workers' educational experience, worker risk aversion, financial discrimination, forces inducing degeneration and ideological bias. The importance of `shelter organizations' and a cooperative culture in supporting LMFs are discussed.
Guinea Pig Husbandry and Medicine

Guinea pigs are hardy, gentle, virtually odor-free rodents. Their adverse, often lethal response to antibiotics requires an appropriate program of nutrition, husbandry, and handling, which are reviewed in this article. A summary of anatomical characteristics, basic biology, and reproductive data is provided. Diseases of practical clinical significance, primarily those of bacterial or nutritional origin, are also reviewed.
An overview of the EPIC architecture for cognition and performance with application to human-computer interaction

EPIC (Executive Process-Interactive Control) is a cognitive architecture especially suited for modeling human multimodal and multiple-task performance. The EPIC architecture includes peripheral sensory-motor processors surrounding a production-rule cognitive processor and is being used to construct precise computational models for a variety of human-computer interaction situations. We briefly describe some of these models to demonstrate how EPIC clarifies basic properties of human performance and provides usefully precise accounts of performance speed.
Metamaterials: Metamaterials go Gattaca

DNA tethers guide the self-assembly of colloidal metal nanoparticles into three-dimensional optical metamaterials. The observation of epsilon-near-zero behaviour in nanoparticle-based materials indicates that bottom-up assembly may be a viable solution to current challenges in the manufacture of metamaterials.
Conserved Region 3 of Escherichia coli σ70 Is Implicated in the Process of Abortive Transcription

Abstract Multiple-round in vitro transcription assays were performed using purified Escherichia coli RNA polymerase reconstituted with either wild-type or mutant σ70 proteins. These mutants, σ70(P504L) and σ70(S506F), bear single amino acid changes in conserved protein region 3. Behavior of the mutant enzymes on three test templates, bearing either the T7 A1, T5 N25, or T5 N25antiDSR promoter, were characterized. Transcription of all three promoter templates produced a pattern of specific abortive RNA species, which was qualitatively different for the mutants compared to the wild-type σ70 enzyme. Short abortive RNAs were produced at similar levels for mutant and wild-type enzymes. The production of longer abortive species was either reduced or increased by the mutant enzymes in a systematic manner that appears promoter-specific, and could be RNA length- or promoter distance-dependent. The process of abortive RNA transcription is thought to be tightly associated with that of promoter clearance. However, promoter clearance from these templates appears only slightly affected by the mutant enzymes. These mutants implicated region 3 of σ70 in the process of abortive transcription and suggest that the sequence of enzymatic events leading to the production of abortive or full-length RNA may be separable.
Relationship context associated with microbicide-like product use.

Study Objective Topical microbicides are being developed to provide an alternative method of prevention of HIV and sexually transmitted infections. Although topical microbicides would be a female-controlled method of prevention, their use is likely to be disclosed to partners. Thus, the characteristics of the partner relationship may play a role in their use. We sought to examine whether qualities of the relationship and of the partner were associated with using a microbicide-like product.
The school nurse's role in treatment of the student with autism spectrum disorders.

PURPOSE. Some healthcare concerns have been found to be commonly associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Identification and treatment of these medical issues can improve the functioning of the child with ASD. This article will offer practical suggestions for the school nurse. CONCLUSIONS. As a “front-line” medical professional in the schools, the school nurse is positioned to provide guidance on implementing interventions for the student with ASD. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. By being knowledgeable about current research and treatment options for the various associated medical conditions, the school nurse can help the student achieve academic success in the school setting.
An empirical approach to a system design methodology for mobile Peer-to-Peer computing

Until now the P2P network over mobile phones hasnpsilat been implemented and used extensively. In this paper, we used an empirical approach to gain system design insights in the robustness and scalability advantages offered by mobile P2P based systems, and harness the ubiquity property that mobile phones can provide. The ubiquity offered by mobile phones makes them an attractive platform for developing mission-critical applications in certain areas, such as healthcare. Mobile phones are expected to become more popular and advanced making them very feasible for handling complex functions and very available for many people to use. The research work reveals that the HTTP protocol based systems, such as P2P on mobile phones, can generate a lot of overhead which may significantly impacts mobile phones performance. We also look into the security aspects of P2P systems necessitating a thorough overhaul of traditional P2P concepts.
A problem ? multi-colorings of graphs

In this paper we consider colorings of the edges of the complete graph Km with n colors such that the edges of any color form a non-trivial complete subgraph of Km. We allow an edge of Km to have more than one color. Such a coloring will be called r-admissible if no cycle of length r has a different color for each edge. Let E (m, n, r) be the maximum number of incidences of colors and edges, taken over all r-admissible colorings of Km with n colors. Then for r = 3,4, and 5 we give an upper bound for E (m, n, r); as well as a lower bound for E (m, n, r) for all r. An analogue to a problem of Zarankiewicz concerning 0, 1-matrices is mentioned.
A Survey of Forestland Conservation Easements in the United States: Implications for Forestland Owners and Managers

Internationally, conservation easements are increasingly popular land management tools for private landowners, government agencies and non-governmental organizations seeking to preserve forests and other natural settings. This paper reports a study of the design and use of conservation easements by organizations and public agencies in the USA. More than 355 conservation organizations and 16 state agencies holding at least 3,598 forestland easements were identified. Demonstrated shortfalls in baseline forest inventories, record keeping, and professionally-developed management plans were evident on working forest easements. Failure to address these shortcomings runs the risk of jeopardizing the legitimacy of the easement approach even where favorable legal and tax conditions exist. Management restrictions varied broadly, with a minority of respondents prohibiting such techniques as clearcutting and salvage logging. Concerns for the use of chemicals, best management practices, and streamside management zones were commonly reflected in easement language, whereas logging road design and the cultivation of old-growth conditions remain largely undeveloped. Implications from the US experience, where easements are relatively well-developed, highlights the need for professional forestry advice—particularly for non-industrial or small-scale forest owners—in both easement development and implementation, the need for careful planning, and the need to carefully consider the respective goals of the forest landowners in crafting the easement documents. In the cases of developing nations, consideration of the differing needs of landowners may require increased flexibility in management documents.
La Combe: A Paleolithic Cave in the Dordogne

DURING the summer of 1912, after having completed a tour of the paleolithic caves of France and Spain, I found myself in the picturesque little village of Les Eyzies with a desire to know more about troglodite culture and two or three weeks still at my disposal. I had always wanted to explore a Quaternary cave. Knowing this, Peyrony came to my rescue. Some five years previously he had made a sounding near the entrance to the small cave of La Combe (Dordogne) about one hour's walk to the south of Les Eyzies, and had found enough in the way of flint chips and bones to warrant further search. Moreover within the cave Peyrony, Peyrille, and young Casimir Mercier, son of the proprietor, had each found several specimens, including a bone point with cleft base, several perforated shells, and a polishing stone. The perforated shells and polishing stone later came into possession of Professor Max Verworn of Bonn, Germany; while I obtained through purchase from Peyrony and Mercier the bone point and a few flint implements. I obtained a lease of the cave, and with two workmen, Marcelin Berniche and Casimir Mercier, began excavations on August 5th. Our route lay southward. We crossed the Beune and paralleled the narrow valley of La Gaubbre to its source near the village of La Mouthe, that gave its name to the cavern in which Quaternary mural art was discovered by Rivibre in 1893. From La Mouthe a
Patient outcomes following T-Fix meniscal repair and a modifiable, progressive rehabilitation program, a retrospective study.

This retrospective study presents clinical patient outcomes following meniscal repair using T-Fix devices and a modifiable, progressive rehabilitation program. Fifty-two patients (35 males and 17 females) with a mean age of 26.7 years (range 13–50 years) representing all of the patients who underwent arthroscopic meniscal repair (43 medial meniscus, 12 lateral meniscus) over a 3-year period by the same surgeon (D.C.) (55 menisci) participated in this study. Thirty-two of the patients (62%) had an associated ACL tear. All patients with an ACL tear underwent reconstruction (tibialis anterior allograft) at the time of meniscal repair. All meniscal tears were located in either the red-red zone (29) or the red-white zone (26). All patients who underwent meniscal repair participated in a modifiable (based on meniscal tear size, type, and location) progressive rehabilitation program. Operative notes and photographs were reviewed to identify the meniscal tear location, tear type, tear length, and the number of T-Fix devices used. Orthopedic clinic and physical therapy reports were also reviewed for postoperative range of motion, knee joint effusion, knee joint pain, McMurray test findings, and single-leg broad-jump test performance (90% bilateral equivalence goal). The average postoperative clinical follow-up period was 10.3 months (range 4–24 months). Most (22/23, 96%) patients who underwent meniscal repair alone displayed excellent results. All patients (32/32, 100%) who underwent combined ACL reconstruction-meniscal repair displayed excellent results. During an acute event such as a sudden directional change while running or contact with another player, 5 of these patients re-injured their meniscus at the repair site in conjunction with tearing the reconstructed ACL at 12±3 months following the index surgical procedure. Each of these 1–2 cm meniscal tears had been previously repaired with two T-Fix devices. The T-Fix device used in combination with a modifiable progressive rehabilitation program produced excellent clinical patient outcomes among this patient group.
PEDESTRIAN JAYWALKING UNDER FACILITATING AND NONFACILITATING CONDITIONS

Each year, thousands of pedestrians are killed or injured while crossing streets in the United States. Pedestrians who jaywalk across busy intersections increase their risk of being injured by an automobile. The present series of studies investigated pedestrian jaywalking behaviors under temporal conditions which appeared to control noncompliance and compliance with pedestrian walk signs. An intersection involving three major streets was the target site of the studies. The timing of walk and no-walk light sequences was different in the clockwise and counterclockwise direction and produced differential delays. In three separate studies, significantly more pedestrians jaywalked when walking in the long-delay as opposed to short-delay direction. Traffic planners might use these findings to establish safer pedestrian signal systems.
Use of whole genome sequencing to estimate the mutation rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during latent infection

Tuberculosis poses a global health emergency, which has been compounded by the emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains. We used whole-genome sequencing to compare the accumulation of mutations in Mtb isolated from cynomolgus macaques with active, latent or reactivated disease. We sequenced 33 Mtb isolates from nine macaques with an average genome coverage of 93% and an average read depth of 117×. Based on the distribution of SNPs observed, we calculated the mutation rates for these disease states. We found a similar mutation rate during latency as during active disease or in a logarithmically growing culture over the same period of time. The pattern of polymorphisms suggests that the mutational burden in vivo is because of oxidative DNA damage. We show that Mtb continues to acquire mutations during disease latency, which may explain why isoniazid monotherapy for latent tuberculosis is a risk factor for the emergence of isoniazid resistance.
Charge Transport of Hydrochloric Acid Doped Polyaniline and Poly(o-toluidine) Fibers: Role of Processing

We report the results of transport (temperature dependent dc conductivity, thermoelectric power, and microwave frequency conductivity, and dielectric constant) and structural studies for hydrochloric acid doped polyaniline (PAN-HCl) fibers 4-fold stretched at 300, 350, and 400 "C and the results of dc conductivity for its methyl ring-substituted derivative, poly(o-toluidine) (POT-HCl) fibers. For the PAN- HCl fibers, with increasing stretching temperatures, the system shows greater localization, as indicated by the decreasing conductivity with stronger temperature dependence and decreasing microwave dielectric constant with weaker temperature dependence. This is in accord with the observed decreasing crystallinity with increasing processing temperature. The interrupted metallic strands model is used to account for the microwave results assuming that the size of the metallic regions increases linearly with temperature. For the POT-HC1 fiber, the conductivity is similar to that for the POT-HCl powder. When the fiber is stretched 3-fold, the conductivity increases almost 1 order of magnitude while the temperature dependence changes only slightly, in agreement with the short localization length in the system.
Ecological succession in long-term experimentally evolved biofilms produces synergistic communities

Many biofilm populations are known for their exceptional biodiversity, but the relative contributions of the forces that could produce this diversity are poorly understood. This uncertainty grows in the old, well-established communities found on many natural surfaces and in long-term, chronic infections. If the prevailing interactions among species within biofilms are positive, productivity should increase with diversity, but if they tend towards competition or antagonism, productivity should decrease. Here, we describe the parallel evolution of synergistic communities derived from a clone of Burkholderia cenocepacia during ~1500 generations of biofilm selection. This long-term evolution was enabled by a new experimental method that selects for daily cycles of colonization, biofilm assembly and dispersal. Each of the six replicate biofilm populations underwent a common pattern of adaptive morphological diversification, in which three ecologically distinct morphotypes arose in the same order of succession and persisted. In two focal populations, mixed communities were more productive than any monoculture and each variant benefited from the mixture. These gains in output resulted from asymmetrical cross-feeding between ecotypes and the expansion and partitioning of biofilm space that constructed new niches. Therefore, even in the absence of starting genetic variation, prolonged selection for surface colonization generates a dynamic of ecological succession that enhances productivity.
Thermomechanical characterization of graphite/polyimide composites

The stiffness, strength, and shear properties of three polyimide resins combined with three different moduli graphite have been determined in the temperature range 20 to 371/degree/C(68to700/degree/F). Flexural test results from the various unidirectional composites show that stiffness retention with increasing temperature is affected only by the thermal integrity of the polyimide matrix. Thermal-oxidative stability of the various graphite fibers, and its effect on interfacial strength degradation, are considered primary causes for the fiber-type dominated strength behavior. In general, strength retention appears directly related to degree of graphitization (modulus) of the fibers. The accumulated mechanical property data, some previously unknown, are correlated with microstructural features such as fiber-matrix adhesion, porosity, and processing defects.
Cavity Radiometer Reflectance

The evolution of absorbing surfaces for electrically calibrated radiometers, and techniques for measuring their absorptance (reflectance) are described. A new reflectometer for cavity reflectance measurements, which is based on a ring-shaped silicon photodiode, is described. The results of reflectance measurements on a series of cavities which represent the evolution of cavity technology are presented, and the significance of the results for future research are discussed.
An Analysis of Undergraduate General Chemistry Students’ Misconceptions of the Submicroscopic Level of Precipitation Reactions

This study examined how 21 college-level general chemistry students, who had received instruction that emphasized the symbolic level of ionic equations, explained their submicroscopic-level understanding of precipitation reactions. Students’ explanations expressed through drawings and semistructured interviews revealed the nature of the misconceptions that they held. These misconceptions and recommendations for instructional changes to target the misconceptions are examined in this article.
Using a model-based test generator to test for standard conformance

In this paper we describe two experiments in the verification of software standard conformance. In our experiments, we use a model-based test generator to create a test suite for parts of the POSIX™ standard and another test suite for the specification of Java™ exception handling. We demonstrate that models derived from specifications produce better test suites than the suites specified by standards. In particular, our test suites achieved higher levels of code coverage with complete test requirements coverage. Moreover, the test suite for the Java study found code defects that were not exposed by other benchmark test suites. The effort involved in producing these models and test suites was comparable to the effort involved in developing a test suite by more conventional methods. We avoid the state space explosion problem by modeling only the external behavior of a specific feature of the standard, without modeling the details of any particular implementation.
An anti E. coli O157:H7 antibody-immobilized microcantilever for the detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli).

A silicon microcantilever sensor was developed for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. The microcantilever was modified by anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibodies on the silicon surface of the cantilever. When the aquaria E. coli O157:H7 positive sample is injected into the fluid cell where the microcantilever is held, the microcantilever bends upon the recognition of the E. coli O157:H7 antigen by the antibodies on the surface of the microcantilever. A negative control sample that does not contain E. coli O157:H7 antigen did not cause any bending of the microcantilever. The detection limit of the sensor was 1 × 106 cfu/mL when the assay time was < 2 h.
Innovative Curricula: Catalysts for Reform in Mathematics Teacher Education.

Abstract This article explores the potential of innovative, reform-based, middle school mathematics curricula to impact the professional development of teachers. Specifically, this 4-year study (N = 131 participants) examined the degree to which repeated experiences with reform-based curriculum activities impacted prospective Teachers' mathematical content knowledge, their thinking about how children learn mathematics, and the formation of their philosophical perspectives and pedagogical strategies. Findings and assertions were drawn from multiple data sources (interviews, discussions, classroom observations, student work, etc.) collected throughout the duration of the project. The findings suggest meaningful shifts in the perspectives of these teachers with respect to mathematics teaching and learning and show indications of growth in their own content and pedagogical content knowledge.
Liver transplant rejection and cholestasis: comparison of technetium 99m-diisopropyl iminodiacetic acid hepatobiliary imaging with liver biopsy.

To determine whether the scintigraphic evaluation of technetium-99m diisopropyl iminodiacetic acid (DISIDA) uptake and excretion can distinguish among liver transplant patients with biopsy evidence for rejection, cholestasis or neither condition, we reviewed scintigrams and biopsies in 36 patients. There were 76 scintigrams with corresponding biopsies. Uptake and excretion were graded from image data on scales reflecting normal through severely abnormal values. Biopsies were evaluated for findings of cholestasis and rejection. The majority of scintigrams demonstrated normal uptake (60/75, 80%) and delayed excretion (65/76, 85%), which was most marked immediately after transplantation. One-way analysis of variance showed that the mean excretion values significantly differed between patients with normal biopsies and those with cholestasis and/or rejection (P =0.0003). However, mean uptake scores demonstrated no statistically significant difference between these two groups of patients (P =0.1). These findings suggest that 99mTc-DISIDA scintigraphy can differentiate between transplants with and without rejection/cholestasis but not between rejection and cholestasis. If 99mTc-DISIDA excretion is normal, rejection and cholestasis are unlikely.
A Free-Source Method (FrSM) for Calibrating a Large-Aperture Microphone Array

Large-aperture microphone arrays can be used to capture and enhance speech from individual talkers in noisy, multi-talker, and reverberant environments. However, they must be calibrated, often more than once, to obtain accurate 3-dimensional coordinates for all microphones. Direct-measurement techniques, such as using a measuring tape or a laser-based tool are cumbersome and time-consuming. Some previous methods that used acoustic signals for array calibration required bulky hardware and/or fixed, known source locations. Others, which allowed more flexible source placement, often have issues with real data, have reported results for 2D only, or work only for small arrays. This paper describes a complete and robust method for automatic calibration using acoustic signals which is simple, repeatable, accurate, and has been shown to work for a real system. The method requires only a single transducer (speaker) with a microphone attached above its center. The unit is freely moved around the focal volume of the microphone array generating a single long recording from all the microphones. After that, the system is completely automatic. We describe the free source method (FrSM), validate its effectiveness and present accuracy results against measured ground truth. The performance of FrSM is compared to that from several other methods for a real 128-microphone array.
Exploiting motion-based redundancy to enhance microgrid polarimeter imagery

Microgrid polarimeters are a type of division of focal plane (DoFP) imaging polarimeter that contains a mosaic of pixel-wise micropolarizing elements superimposed upon an FPA sensor. Such a device measures a slightly different polarized state at each pixel. These measurements are combined to estimate the Stokes vector at each pixel in the image. DoFP devices have the advantage that they can obtain Stokes vector image estimates for an entire scene from a single frame capture. However, they suffer from the disadvantage that the neighboring measurements that are used to estimate the Stokes vector images are acquired at differing instantaneous fields of view (IFOV). This IFOV issue leads to false polarization signatures that significantly degrade the Stokes vector images. Interpolation and other image processing strategies can be employed to reduce IFOV artifacts; however these techniques have a limit to the amount of enhancement they can provide on a single microgrid image. Here we investigate algorithms that use multiple microgrid images that contain frame-to-frame global motion to further enhance the Stokes vector image estimates. Motion-based imagery provides additional redundancy that can be exploited to recover information that is "missing" from a single microgrid frame capture. We have found that IFOV and aliasing artifacts can be defeated entirely when these types of algorithms are applied to the data prior to Stokes vector estimation. We demonstrate results on real LWIR microgrid data using a particular resolution enhancement technique from the literature.
Synthesis of polymerically bound catecholcarboxamide chelators for iron (III)

Abstract Tris(catecholcarboxamide) ligands were covalently linked to poly(vinyl amine—vinyl sulfonate sodium salt), and the iron binding capacity of the resultant polymers was found to exceed that of transferrin.
6.25 Bovine natural killer activity against virally infected cells inhibited by monoclonal antibodies

Forty-four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were evaluated for their ability to alter natural killer (NK) cell lysis of virally infected target cells. Six of the mAbs inhibited the lysis of the target cells, while one of the mAbs enhanced lysis. Four of the inhibitory mAbs, CACT26A, CACT16A, CACTB45A and MUC76A, had very marked activity. These mAbs with inhibitory or enhancing activity recognized (1) WC2 molecules (CACTB44A, CACT16A, CACT26A) present on putative NK cells, (2) molecules on granulocytes, monocytes, a subpopulation of lymphocytes (CACTB45A and TH2A), (3) CD11a (MUC76A), and a protein of CD3 (MM1A).
Transient algebraic circuits for power system dynamic modelling

Abstract This paper introduces the concept of transient algebraic circuits for power system dynamic modelling. The circuits are an exact representation of synchronous machine and R–L network/load dynamics. Approximate circuits are systematically derived to produce reduced-order slow models which capture frequency dependence.
Dirigent proteins and dirigent sites explain the mystery of specificity of radical precursor coupling in lignan and lignin biosynthesis.

The recent discovery of dirigent proteins ([Davin and Lewis, 1995][1]; [Davin et al., 1997][2]; [Gang et al., 1999][3]) gives a new perspective into how free radical coupling of monolignol plant phenols is controlled in planta to yield lignans and lignins. With the biochemical pathways to the
Spectroscopic and Computational Study of a Nonheme Iron Nitrosyl Center in a Biosynthetic Model of Nitric Oxide Reductase

A major barrier to understanding the mechanism of nitric oxide reductases (NORs) is the lack of selective probe of NO binding to the non-heme FeB center. By replacing the heme in a biosynthetic model of NORs (L29H/F43H/V68E Mb), that structurally and functionally mimics NORs, with isostructural ZnPP, we report herein a study where the electronic structure and functional properties of the FeB-nitrosyl complex has been probed selectively. This approach allowed us to observe the first S=3/2 non-heme {FeNO}7 complex in a protein system. Such feats are not achievable in native NORs as these are complex membrane proteins containing multiple hemes. Detailed spectroscopic and computational studies show that the electronic state of the {FeNO}7 complex is best described as a HS ferrous iron (S=2) antiferromagnetically coupled to NO radical (S=1/2) [Fe2+-NO•]. The radical nature of the FeB-bound NO would facilitate N-N bond formation by radical coupling with the heme-bound NO. This finding, therefore, supports the proposed trans mechanism of NO reduction by NORs.
Assessment of interlaboratory performance in external proficiency testing programs with a direct HDL-cholesterol assay

Direct assays for the determination of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) have recently become available. The methods are precise, require small sample volume, and appear to be less affected by increased triglycerides than traditional precipitation methods. In this study, we describe the inter- and intralaboratory variability of the Boehringer Mannheim Corporation direct HDL-C assay and its performance in external proficiency testing surveys. A comparison study among three laboratories, using different analyzers and 85 serum specimens, showed a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.99. The direct HDL-C assay also showed good agreement with the ultracentrifugation-dextran sulfate-Mg2+ method (r = 0.98) and the Cholesterol Reference Method Laboratory Network-Designated Comparison Method (a = 0.98x + 4.75 mg/L, r = 0.98). Total error at medical decision levels ranged from -0.8% to +11.1%. Furthermore, this assay performed adequately in the College of American Pathologists and the ALERT surveys as well as the CDC Lipid Standardization Program and met all performance criteria of regulatory agencies.
State Patronage in a Rural County.

The use of public employment for political patronage is an ancient phenomenon seldom studied by political scientists in systematic and objective detail. Texts and treatises on political parties reckon with the subject, but usually support their generalizations and conclusions with illustrations rather than comprehensive evidence.' Detailed studies date back to the muck-raking period, and deal chiefly with large metropolitan centers. The role of patronage in maintaining the thousands of rural and small city party units across the country, in the face of marked changes in the methods of national party operation over the past generation, is largely guesswork. Yet the vitality of these organizations is a matter of general concern for the future of the party system. This study is an attempt to apply some of the more familiar assumptions about the value and role of patronage to actual experience in a rural county in central Pennsylvania where it can have little to do with policy control. Exactly what are the political uses of state patronage at this low level? Has it been used to reward the party faithful, or to encourage party activity and contributions, or to woo new partisans? In short, what does a small group of political jobholders contribute to the party that placed them in office-money? service? votes? Very few states have so large a reservoir of political patronage, waiting to be tapped by the party in office, as Pennsylvania's. The state's partial civil service system covers only 20 per cent or so of its employees, chiefly those in the state police, the state liquor control commission, and those welfare agencies supported by federal government grants. The great majority of the state's administrative and clerical force in Harrisburg, as well as field employees in the highway, forestry, recreational, and institutional services, are politically
On-line testing and recovery in TMR systems for real-time applications

Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) is known to improve reliability in real-time computing systems for short mission times. However, TMR-based systems are not effective for longer missions. For failures caused by transient faults, we have designed a new recovery scheme for TMR systems so that they can be used for long mission applications. The scheme can effectively recover computing systems from single transient faults without introducing any re-computation delay; hence, it is suitable for real-time applications. A robot controller is used as a case study. Theoretical analysis and implementation results show that, with very small hardware overhead for recovery logic, the proposed scheme can significantly improve system reliability and lengthen its lifetime. A new state restoration scheme for recovery is presented and shown to have lower overhead than a conventional restoration scheme.
The Influence of Campus Recreation Beyond the Gym

Increasing student retention is an important issue on college campuses. Researchers have found that nonacademic aspects of campus such as campus recreation can positively influence students’ lives (Belch, Gebel, & Maas, 2001; Lindsey & Sessoms, 2006). The purpose of this study was to examine some ways in which participation in campus recreation positively influenced students’ lives. After receiving IRB approval, students were randomly selected to complete the campus recreation survey. The survey was based on the NIRSA/Student Voice Campus Recreation Impact Study survey. Of the students who answered the demographic questions, 45% were graduate/professional/continuing education students and 55% were undergraduate students; 43% were male, 56% were female, and < 1% transgender; and the majority of the sample was White (78%). The results showed that students reported a variety of benefits including health and social benefits from their participation in campus recreation facilities and programs.
Ligand-Selective Inhibition of the Interaction of Steroid Receptor Coactivators and Estrogen Receptor Isoforms

Abstract Ligand-dependent nuclear hormone receptor (NR) signaling requires direct interaction between NR and the steroid receptor coactivators (SRC). Herein we utilize a library of SRC2 peptidomimetics to select for specific inhibitors of the interaction of SRC2 with the two estrogen receptor (ER) isoforms, ERα and ERβ, in the presence of three different ligands: 17β-estradiol, diethylstilbesterol, and genistein. The pattern of inhibitor selectivity for each ER isoform varied depending upon which ligand was present, thus demonstrating that the ligands exert unique allosteric effects upon the surface of the SRC binding pocket. Several of the lead compounds are highly (>100-fold) selective for blocking the binding of SRC2 to ERα, in preference to ERβ, in the presence of one ligand and therefore may prove useful for decoupling ERβ signaling from ERα signaling.
Isolation of signal from stationary microbubbles adhered to vessel walls using an adaptive regression filtering technique

The singular value filter (SVF) is proposed for isolation of adherent microbubble signal in ultrasound-based targeted molecular imaging. The SVF method involves signal decomposition of complex echo data such that ensembles are re-expressed along a new basis determined from principal component analysis (PCA) using the singular value decomposition (SVD) method. In contrast to many previously proposed PCA-based approaches, filter coefficients in SVF are dictated by a weighting function allowing for non-binary coefficients and based upon a signal model of the underlying source signals. The weighting function allows for filter coefficients to be determined adaptively from the shape of the singular value spectra of local regions of echo data, which is quantified using a parameter called the normalized singular spectrum area (NSSA). Simulations in FIELD II are performed to quantify the effects of acoustic scatterer motion characteristics, such as motion and decorrelation, on NSSA. Results confirm that the singular value spectrum flattens, and thus NSSA increases, monotonically with increased axial shift of scatterers between A-lines and increased differential motion. The SVF filter is validated experimentally in an ex vivo porcine artery with adherent microbubbles collecting on the lower wall due to application of acoustic radiation force. SVF was compared to a low-pass infinite impulse response (IIR) filter operating on pulse inversion (PI) data. Results from our ex vivo experiments indicate that signal from adherent microbubbles exhibits higher dimensionality and thus higher NSSA than signal from vessel wall and free microbubbles. SVF provided > 40dB contrast of adherent microbubble signal over vessel wall and > 32dB contrast of adherent microbubble over free microbubble signal.
Lossless Compression of Ultraspectral Sounder Data

The compression of ultraspectral sounder data is better to be lossless or near-lossless to avoid potential degradation of the geophysical retrieval in the associated ill-posed problem. Transform-based, prediction-based, and clustering-based methods for lossless compression of ultraspectral sounder data have been presented. It is shown that the compression ratios of ultraspectral sounder data via the standard state-of-the-art algorithms (e.g. 3D SPIHT, 2D JPEG2000, 2D CALIC, 2D JPEG-LS etc.) can be significantly improved when combining the BAR preprocessing scheme. We also report the promising compression results for the ultraspectral sounder data using various approaches such as lossless PCA and Predictive Partitioned Vector Quantization (PPVQ).
Developmental Origin and Structural Characters of “Breast Blisters” in Chickens

Abstract THE cystic structure commonly termed a “breast blister” occurs very frequently on the ventral aspect of the sternal crest of chickens and turkeys. A high incidence of breast blisters at slaughter was reported by DeCamp (1956). Second rank after bruises was given by Crothers and Helbacka (1960) in a study of causes of down grading and condemnations in broilers. The development of the “breast blister” was partially outlined by Hodgson and Gutteridge (1941). The structure was absent in this study at one day of age. Later growth of spongy tissue under the skin preceeded formation of a large “blister” containing fluid resembling egg white. After more detailed study, O’Neil (1943) reported a true bursa which was tentatively termed “the bursa synovalis presternalis.” An enlargement of this structure was considered as a noninfectious bursitis. Gresham and Barwick (1962) described the sac as lined by pink fleshy folds. Histologically the synovial folds . . .