cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lawyers are not algorithms: sustainability, corruption, and the role of the lawyer in institutional frameworks and corporate transactions

Among key emerging societal principles to which a lawyer owes a high degree of fidelity are those that advance sustainability and that combat corruption. This essay considers the character of those...
Design of polymers for energy storage capacitors using machine learning and evolutionary algorithms

To meet the demands of emerging electrification technologies, polymers that are capable of withstanding high electric fields at high temperatures are needed. Given the staggeringly large search space of polymers, traditional, intuition- and experience-based Edisonian approaches are too slow at discovering new polymers that can meet these demands. In this work, a genetic algorithm was combined with five machine learning-based property predictors to design over 50,000 hypothetical polymers that achieve target properties. Additionally, a polymer synthesizability-based criterion was used to narrow these polymers down to 23 candidates likely to be synthesizable and 3665 that may be synthesizable. A version of the genetic algorithm code is also made available for public use on GitHub.
Linking numbers, quandles and groups

We introduce a quandle invariant of classical and virtual links, denoted by Qtc(L). This quandle has the property that Qtc(L)≅Qtc(L′) if and only if the components of L and L′ can be indexed in suc...
The new ‘bond-age’, climate crisis and the case for climate reparations: Unpicking old/new colonialities of finance for development within the SDGs

Abstract The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a normative framework for external financing that emphasizes stimulating investor interest to address so-called development challenges. However, their underpinnings reflecting continuities of longstanding structural divergence along racial lines when it comes to determinants of finance and uneven climate devastation are not well explored. Additionally, the current global configuration of “billions to trillions” of development finance remains silent on the historical responsibility and continuing coloniality that reproduce uneven and extreme consequences in climate-impacted Caribbean communities. This paper interrogates the role of the SDGs in reproducing racialized peripheries and extracting surplus value from these formerly colonized communities through the use of financial logics and innovative tools. The adoption of the SDGs at the same time of the International Decade of People of African Descent (2015–2024) appears merely coincidental. A lack of concern about climate justice and reparations for historical harms and climate-related losses is evident. This absence highlights the manner in which financial interests are privileged and mobilized in pursuit of high-yielding returns to be made from climate disaster, debt and dispossession. These contradictions usher in a new era of “bond-age” and coloniality that justify reparations for loss and damage facing frontline marginalised communities centred on climate justice.
Newborn Screening for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency.

The T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC) assay is an effective screening tool for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). The TREC assay was designed to detect typical SCID and leaky SCID, but any condition causing low naive T-cell counts will also be detected. Newborn screening for SCID using the TREC assay has proven itself to be highly sensitive and cost-efficient. This review covers the history of SCID newborn screening, elaborates on the SCID subtypes and TREC assay limitations, and discusses diagnostic and management considerations for infants with a positive screen.
Cis-Divacant Octahedral Fe(II) in a Dimensionally Reduced Family of 2-(Pyridin-2-yl)pyrrolide Complexes.

Four-coordinate transition-metal complexes can adopt a diverse array of coordination geometries, with square planar and tetrahedral coordination being the most prevalent. Previously, we reported the synthesis of a trinuclear Fe(II) complex, Fe3TPM2, supported by a 3-fold-symmetric 2-pyridylpyrrolide ligand [i.e., tris(5-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methane] that featured a rare cis-divacant octahedral (CDO) geometry at each Fe(II) center. Here, a series of truncated 2-pyridylpyrrolide ligands are described that support mono- and binuclear Fe(II) complexes that also exhibit CDO geometries. Metalation of the tetradentate ligand bis[5-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]methane (H2BPM) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) results in the binuclear complex Fe2(BPM)2(THF)2 in which both Fe(II) ions are octahedrally coordinated. The coordinated THF solvent ligands are labile: THF dissociation leads to Fe2(BPM)2, which features five-coordinate Fe(II) ions. The Fe-Fe distance in these binuclear complexes can be elongated by ligand methylation. Metalation of bis[5-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]methane (H2BPMMe) in THF leads to the formation of four-coordinate, CDO Fe(II) centers in Fe(BPMMe)2. Further ligand truncation affords bidentate ligands 2-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)pyridine (PyrPyrrH) and 2-methyl-6-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)pyridine (PyrMePyrrH). Metalation of these ligands in THF affords six-coordinate complexes Fe(PyrPyrr)2(THF)2 and Fe(PyrMePyrr)2(THF)2. Dissociation of labile solvent ligands provides access to four-coordinate Fe(II) complexes. Ligand disproportionation at Fe(PyrPyrr)2 results in the formation of Fe(PyrPyrr)3 and Fe(0). Ligand methylation suppresses this disproportionation and enables isolation of Fe(PyrMePyrr)2, which is rigorously CDO. Complete ligand truncation, by separating the 2-pyridylpyrrolide ligands into the constituent monodentate pyridyl and pyrrolide donors, affords Fe(Pyr)2(Pyrr)2 in which Fe(II) is tetrahedrally coordinated. Computational analysis indicates that the potential energy surface that dictates the coordination geometry in this family of four-coordinate complexes is fairly flat in the vicinity of CDO coordination. These synthetic studies provide the structural basis to explore the implications of CDO geometry on Fe-catalyzed reactions.
Could Private Legislation Be the First Key to Unlocking the Nation’s Information Resources in the Battle against Misinformation?

Unfiltered, unverified information flows freely on the web and is much more easily found and used than reliable sources. There are logical reasons for this, as quality, reliable information often c...
Implicit flux-split Euler schemes for unsteady aerodynamic analysis involving unstructured dynamic meshes

Improved algorithms for the solution of the time-dependent Euler equations are presented for unsteady aerodynamic analysis involving unstructured dynamic meshes. The improvements have been developed recently to the spatial and temporal discretizations used by unstructured grid flow solvers. The spatial discretization involves a flux-split approach, which is naturally dissipative and captures shock waves sharply with at most one grid point within the shock structure
StRETcH: a Soft to Resistive Elastic Tactile Hand

Soft optical tactile sensors enable robots to manipulate deformable objects by capturing important features such as high-resolution contact geometry and estimations of object compliance. This work presents a variable stiffness soft tactile end-effector called StRETcH, a Soft to Resistive Elastic Tactile Hand, that is easily manufactured and integrated with a robotic arm. An elastic membrane is suspended between two robotic fingers, and a depth sensor capturing the deformations of the elastic membrane enables sub-millimeter accurate estimates of contact geometries. The parallel-jaw gripper varies the stiffness of the membrane by uniaxially stretching it, which controllably modulates StRETcH’s effective modulus from approximately 4kPa to 9kPa. This work uses StRETcH to reconstruct the contact geometry of rigid and deformable objects, estimate the stiffness of four balloons filled with different substances, and manipulate dough into a desired shape.
Dynamics of elliptical vortices in a trapped quantum fluid

The nonequilibrium dynamics of vortices in two-dimensional quantum fluids can be predicted by accounting for the way in which vortex ellipticity is coupled to the gradient in background fluid density. In the absence of nonlinear interactions, a harmonically trapped fluid can be analyzed analytically to show that single vortices will move in an elliptic trajectory that has the same orientation and aspect ratio as the vortex projection itself. This allows the vortex ellipticity to be estimated through observation of its trajectory. A combination of analysis and numerical simulation is then used to show that nonlinear interactions cause the vortex orientation to precess, and that the rate of vortex precession is once again mimicked by a precession of the elliptical trajectory. Both vortex ellipticity and rate of precession can therefore be inferred by observing its motion in a trap. An ability to anticipate and control local vortex structure and vortex trajectory is expected to prove useful in designing few-vortex systems in which ellipticity is a ubiquitous, as-yet-unharnessed feature.
Corona splashing triggered by a loose monolayer of particles

In nature, high-speed raindrops often impact and spread on particulate surfaces (e.g., soil, plant leaves with spores or pollen). We study the dynamics of droplet impact on a loosely packed monolayer of particles by combining experimental and mathematical approaches. We find that the presence of mobile particles lowers the critical impact velocity at which the droplet exhibits corona splashing, as the particle area fraction is systematically increased. We rationalize this experimental observation by considering the jamming of frictional particles at the spreading rim. Elucidating the splashing transition of the drop on a particulate bed can lead to a better understanding of soil loss and erosion from falling raindrops.
Multi-task Learning of Order-Consistent Causal Graphs

We consider the problem of discovering $K$ related Gaussian directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), where the involved graph structures share a consistent causal order and sparse unions of supports. Under the multi-task learning setting, we propose a $l_1/l_2$-regularized maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for learning $K$ linear structural equation models. We theoretically show that the joint estimator, by leveraging data across related tasks, can achieve a better sample complexity for recovering the causal order (or topological order) than separate estimations. Moreover, the joint estimator is able to recover non-identifiable DAGs, by estimating them together with some identifiable DAGs. Lastly, our analysis also shows the consistency of union support recovery of the structures. To allow practical implementation, we design a continuous optimization problem whose optimizer is the same as the joint estimator and can be approximated efficiently by an iterative algorithm. We validate the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the joint estimator in experiments.
VidLanKD: Improving Language Understanding via Video-Distilled Knowledge Transfer

Since visual perception can give rich information beyond text descriptions for world understanding, there has been increasing interest in leveraging visual grounding for language learning. Recently, vokenization has attracted attention by using the predictions of a text-to-image retrieval model as labels for language model supervision. Despite its success, the method suffers from approximation error of using finite image labels and the lack of vocabulary diversity of a small image-text dataset. To overcome these limitations, we present VidLanKD, a video-language knowledge distillation method for improving language understanding. We train a multi-modal teacher model on a video-text dataset, and then transfer its knowledge to a student language model with a text dataset. To avoid approximation error, we propose to use different knowledge distillation objectives. In addition, the use of a large-scale video-text dataset helps learn diverse and richer vocabularies. In our experiments, VidLanKD achieves consistent improvements over text-only language models and vokenization models, on several downstream language understanding tasks including GLUE, SQuAD, and SWAG. We also demonstrate the improved world knowledge, physical reasoning, and temporal reasoning capabilities of our model by evaluating on the GLUE-diagnostics, PIQA, and TRACIE datasets. Lastly, we present comprehensive ablation studies as well as visualizations of the learned text-to-video grounding results of our teacher and student language models. Our code and models are available at: this https URL
Fundamental gap estimate for convex domains on sphere -- the case $n=2$

In [SWW16, HW17] it is shown that the difference of the first two eigenvalues of the Laplacian with Dirichlet boundary condition on convex domain with diameter $D$ of sphere $\mathbb S^n$ is $\geq 3 \frac{\pi^2}{D^2}$ when $n \geq 3$. We prove the same result when $n=2$. In fact our proof works for all dimension. We also give an asymptotic expansion of the first and second Dirichlet eigenvalues of the model in [SWW16].
First results from a time domain impedance probe for measuring plasma properties in the ionosphere

A new Time Domain Impedance Probe (TDIP) is presented in this paper. The new instrument is able to make measurements of absolute electron density and electron neutral collision frequency in the ionosphere at temporal and spatial resolutions not previously attained. A single measurement is made in 100 microseconds, which yields an instantaneous spatial resolution of 0.1 meters for sounding rocket experiments. A prototype of this instrument was integrated into the payload of a NASA USIP sounding rocket launched out of Wallops Island on March 1 2016. The sounding rocket launched at 8:50 am and reached an reached an altitude of 170 km, passing through the D and E and F layers of the ionosphere. The TDIP was active for 206 seconds during the flight. Here we describe the instrument, and present some time domain data obtained from the sounding rocket experiment. A 6 Volt amplitude Gaussian derivative excitation was applied to a dipole probe structure, and the current through the probe terminals measured with a balanced active bridge circuit. The time domain current response was sampled at 5 MS/s, at 12 bit resolution. In the course of the flight, the instrument measured what appeared to be a highly nonlinear response of the plasma because of the large input voltage signal applied. These are the first measurements of this type of response, to our knowledge. Post-flight laboratory calibration indicated that the instrument worked correctly through the flight. Further modeling, simulation and theoretical work needs to be performed to understand and interpret the measurements.
Two Approaches for Mobile Phone Image Insignia Identification

Insignia identification is an important task especially as a self help application on mobile phones which can be used in museums. We propose a knowledge driven rule-based approach and a learning based approach using artificial neural network (ANN) for insignia recognition. Both the approaches are based on a common set of insignia image segmentation followed by extraction of simple, yet effective features. The features used are based on one of frugal processing and computing to suit the mobile computing power. In both the approaches we identify each extracted segment in the insignia; the correct recognition of the segment followed by post processing results in the identification of the insignia. Experimental results show that both approaches work equally well in terms of recognition accuracy of over 90% in terms of identification of the segments and 100% in terms of the actual insignia identification.
Tastes and Temptations: Food and Art in Renaissance Italy by John Varriano

(2010). Tastes and Temptations: Food and Art in Renaissance Italy by John Varriano. Food, Culture & Society: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 463-464.
Effect of temperature and Na2CO3 catalyst on hydrothermal liquefaction of algae

ABSTRACT Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has been identified as an innovative technique to convert aquatic or wet biomass such as algae into biofuels. In this study, HTL was performed on three algae strains viz. Nannochloropsis , Pavlova and Isochrysis at three temperatures of 250, 300 and 350 °C, with and without using Na 2 CO 3 as a catalyst and a holding time of 60 min. The effect of temperature on the HTL product yields and their properties were studied for both catalytic and non-catalytic HTL. Maximum bio-oil yield for non-catalytic (48.67 wt.%) and catalytic (47.05 wt.%) HTL was obtained at 350 °C from Nannochloropsis and Pavlova , respectively. Compared to non-catalytic HTL, Na 2 CO 3 increased the bio-oil yield for high carbohydrate containing algae ( Pavlova and Isochrysis ) at higher temperatures (300 and 350 °C) whereas for high protein containing algae ( Nannochloropsis ) the yield was higher only at lower temperature (250 °C). Total acid number, pH, density, higher heating value (HHV), ash, moisture and elemental composition were measured for bio-oils produced. The bio-oil obtained had the HHV in the range of 32 to 37 MJ/kg, which was comparable to heavy crude oil. Proximate and ultimate analyses were performed to characterize solid residue, and aqueous fraction was analyzed for acidity, total organic carbon and total nitrogen.
Patent Protection, Transnational Corporations, and Market Structure: A Simulation Study of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

This study examines the role of patent protection on the behavior of transnational corporations and market structure in the Indian pharmaceutical industry. The method of analysis is the calibration of a theoretical model to firm-level data from two therapeutic groups of the Indian pharmacy market, and a simulation analysis asking the hypothetical question of what the market structure would be if India granted patent protection to pharmaceutical products. The model developed for the simulation analysis explicitly accounts for the complex demand structure for pharmaceutical goods that results from the presence of therapeutic substitute drugs, and product differentiation among chemically equivalent drugs.
In the Blood: Organizational History and the Heritability of New Venture Performance

A growing literature on the genealogy of new firms has demonstrated a powerful link between the career history of founding teams and the future performance of the organizations they create. Yet there is no consensus on what historically contingent material individuals actually carry from one organization to another, as well as a lack of theory about how such material is transferred from one organization to another. By examining the pathways by which genealogy is transmitted through the action of individuals to new firms, and combining that with an empirical analysis of over 250 new firms in the computer game industry, this paper seeks to shed additional light on the linkage between genealogy and new venture performance. I conclude that the entrepreneurial prominence of a founder’s prior affiliation, as opposed to the founder’s prior routines and industry knowledge, transfers from individuals to new ventures, and has a persistent effect on new venture performance.
Suicide on death row.

Despite the level of supervision of inmates on death row, their suicide rate is higher than both the male prison population in the United States and the population of males over the age of 14 in free society. This study presents suicide data for death row inmates from 1978 through 2010. For the years 1978 through 2010, suicide rates on death row were higher than that for the general population of males over the age of 15 and for state prisons for all but 2 years.
Tropospheric ozone from satellite total ozone measurements

A method for determining the amount of ozone in the tropical troposphere from concurrent sets of satellite data is presented. This prodedure is applied only in the Tropics and the results indicate that a significant longitudinal gradient is present at low latitudes and that the highest amounts of tropospheric ozone are located west (i.e., downwind) of Africa and South America. Such a distribution suggests that biomass burning, or another stationary source of continental origin, is the largest source of ozone in the Tropics. The integrated amount of ozone in the Tropics that is derived from this analysis is comparable to or only slightly less than the amount of ozone that is present in northern mid latitudes. If such an interpretation is valid, then it suggests that the magnitude of the amount of tropospheric ozone resulting from in situ photochemical production in this region is comparable to the in situ photochemical source from industrialized emissions.
Consumer Behavior and Services Marketing

Services marketing is described with respect to the manner in which it is distinct from marketing goods. The differences are primarily four: (i) services are said to be “simultaneously produced and consumed.” They unfold in real time, and the process gives the marketer more to manage. (ii) Services are characterized as heterogenous. One person's experience of a service encounter may be different from that of another, primarily due to the high component of people involvement in the service deliver–both the frontline employee and the customer himself or herself. (iii) Services are famously intangible. The intangibility leads to challenges in measuring quality and satisfaction. (iv) Services are perishable. Thus planning is required to maximize capacity utilization. Keywords: services marketing; intangibility; service quality; customer satisfaction
Immunocytochemical localization of Diploptera punctata allatostatin‐like peptide in Drosophila melanogaster

Allatostatins isolated from the cockroach Diploptera punctata are a family of neuropeptides that inhibit juvenile hormone synthesis in cockroaches and related insects but not in flies. In cockroaches, these widely distributed peptides have been shown to have other functions. This report provides evidence for the presence of allatostatin-like peptides in Drosophila melanogaster by demonstration of allatostatic activity of extracts of central nervous system from larvae and adults on corpora allata of Diploptera and by immunocytochemical localization of peptides in Drosophila with monoclonal antibody against Diploptera allatostatin I. Extract of adult central nervous system showed four times more allatostatic activity than that of the larva or twice the activity per unit volume of central nervous system. This is reflected in an increase in number and arborization of immunoreactive neurons in the adult. The immunoreactive neurons in the central nervous system appear to be interneurons, with the exception of motoneurons in the last abdominal neuromere that project to muscles of the hindgut, a pair of peripheral cells in each of two thoracic segments in the larva and on nerves to wings and halteres in the adult, and endocrine cells of the midgut epithelium. Nerves to the corpus allatum were not immunoreactive. The presence of Diploptera allatostatin-like peptides in interneurons and motoneurons, in the neurohemal networks, and in endocrine cells of the midgut and their absence in nerves to the corpus allatum in Drosophila suggests that these peptides may function as neuromodulators, myomodulators, and neurohormones and not as regulators of the corpus allatum. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Functional and quality‐of‐life outcomes of transoral robotic surgery for carcinoma of unknown primary

Objectives/Hypothesis To determine speech, eating, aesthetics, social disruption, and overall quality-of-life outcomes over a year period in patients who underwent transoral robotic surgery as part of carcinoma of unknown primary diagnosis and treatment. Study Design Observational prospective study. Methods Twenty-two patients who underwent transoral robotic surgery for the management of carcinoma of unknown primary were included. Patients prospectively completed the Head and Neck Cancer Inventory during a preoperative visit, and at 3-week, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month postoperative visits. Patients' demographic, pathological, and follow-up information were also collected. Results The mean follow-up time was 19.8 months. There were overall declines in all quality of life scores during treatment period, which was followed by a continuous recovery. The scores immediately after transoral robotic surgery (3 weeks) were significantly higher than the scores after conclusion of adjuvant therapy (3 months) in multiple domains (P < .05) and the 6-month scores in speech (P = .02) and eating (P = .008) domains. All scores, except for eating (P = .01) returned to pretreatment levels at 1 year. Patients with detected primaries displayed similar quality-of-life scores compared to patients with occult primaries. Human papillomavirus status and type of adjuvant treatment had no significant impact on quality of life. Conclusions Transoral robotic surgery is a promising, minimally invasive procedure for the surgical management of carcinoma of unknown primary. Patients maintain high functional and quality-of-life status at 1 year after surgery. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 124:2089–2095, 2014
Measuring Semantic Complexity

We define semantic comple=ity using a new concept of mesni~g automata. We measure the semantic complexity of understanding of prepositional phrases, of aa "in depth understanding system", and ofa :natural language interface to an on-line calendar. We argue that it is possible to measure some semantic complexities of-natural langu~e processin8 systems before building them, and that.systems:that exhibit relatively complex belmvior can be built from semantically simple components.
Expanding Equal Opportunity: The Princeton Experience with Financial Aid

In this essay, Shirley M. Tilghman discusses the purpose, design, and impact of Princeton University's no-loan financial aid policy, which was enacted in 2001. As the centerpiece of an aid and recruitment strategy that seeks to improve college access despite growing socioeconomic stratification, the policy obliges Princeton to meet all student financial need with grants rather than loans. Thanks to its financial wellbeing, the university is now able to remove the financial barriers to enrollment and free its students from the obligation to repay tuition debt upon graduation. While not intended to be a prescription for all, Princeton hopes to set an example for other institutions to improve their own financial aid programs in an effort to meet student need in a generous, equitable, and transparent manner.
Strain driven anisotropic magnetoresistance in antiferromagnetic La$_{0.4}$Sr$_{0.6}$MnO$_{3}$

We investigate the effects of strain on antiferromagntic (AFM) single crystal thin films of La$_{1-x}$Sr$_{x}$MnO$_{3}$ (x = 0.6). Nominally unstrained samples have strong magnetoresistance with anisotropic magnetoresistances (AMR) of up to 8%. Compressive strain suppresses magnetoresistance but generates AMR values of up to 63%. Tensile strain presents the only case of a metal-insulator transition and demonstrates a previously unreported AMR behavior. In all three cases, we find evidence of magnetic ordering and no indication of a global ferromagnetic phase transition. These behaviors are attributed to epitaxy induced changes in orbital occupation driving different magnetic ordering types. Our findings suggest that different AFM ordering types have a profound impact on the AMR magnitude and character.
Comparison of two-dimensional orthoradially reformatted computed tomography and panoramic radiography for dental implant treatment planning

The widespread use of dental implants in partially and completely edentulous patients has brought about a need to preoperatively depict and quantify accurate bone height and contour. A number of conventional intraoral and extraoral radiographic techniques have been used, including the relatively new modality of two-dimensional orthoradially reformatted computed tomography. Despite rapid advances in imaging technology, many clinicians continue to rely on techniques such as panoramic radiography that produce images that distort the jaws nonuniformly. This study compared bone height measurements of jaws made with these two imaging modalities. Nineteen sites in 10 patients were imaged with both techniques and mean bone height was determined for each imaging technique and site. Significant differences were found between mean bone heights measured with the two imaging modalities ( p
Florentium or Illinium

MY attention has been directed to the statement of Prof. Rolla in NATURE for April 30, p. 637, in which he claims priority for the name florentium for element No. 61. He says: “We believe, then, that the priority in the discovery of element No. 61 belongs instead to those who first had sure data as to its existence”.
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF BEGINNING READING: AN EXPERIMENT WITH TWO METHODS.

Summary. In one of the largest and best-controlled experiments in the teaching of beginning reading, data were obtained that lead to the conclusion that the combination, or multiple-approach method of teaching reading, yields better results in teaching Pilipino in grades 1 and 2 than the cartilla, or direct-phonic-drill, method. Furthermore, the data strongly suggest that training in learning to read Pilipino by the combination method facilities learning to read English more than learning to read Pilipino by the cartilla method. Because English is less regular in its grapheme-phoneme correspondence than Pilipino, the cartilla method, or any method similar to it, is even less likely to be the best way to teach beginning reading in the United States. The data lend no support to arguments in favor of using direct phonic drill in teaching beginning reading.
S/390 CMOS server I/O: the continuing evolution

IBM has developed a strategy to achieve the high I/O demands of large servers. In a new environment of industry-standard peripheral component interconnect (PCI) attached adapters conforming to open I/O interfaces, S/390® has developed an efficient method of quickly integrating disk storage, communications, and future adapters. Preserving the S/390 I/O programming model and the high level of data integrity expected in S/390 products and reducing development cycle time and resources have further constrained design options. At the same time, S/390 developers have redesigned the traditional I/O components into the latest chip technologies. The developers have also designed a new internal link (STI) to meet the increased I/O bandwidth and connectivity required by the high processor performance of the third and fourth generations of S/390 CMOS servers. This paper describes this strategy and how it has led to systems that retain the differentiating features of S/390 products.
Enhanced biological and mechanical properties of well-dispersed nanophase ceramics in polymer composites: From 2D to 3D printed structures

Abstract An ideal orthopedic implant material should rapidly induce new bone formation and infiltration and completely integrate with juxtaposed bone. Such materials should also possess sufficient initial mechanical strength for load-bearing applications and should maintain mechanical integrity until new bone formation is complete and the material can fully degrade afterwards. In an effort to create such orthopedic biomaterials, in this study, nano-sized ceramics were combined with the tunable degradability and deformability properties of a select polymer (poly-lactide-co-glycolide, or PLGA). Specifically, nano-titania was chosen as a model ceramic particle (since titania is the natural oxide that forms on the widely implanted titanium) and was dispersed in a PLGA matrix using controlled sonication to imitate the nano-sized surface features and distribution of nano-ceramics in/on natural bone. The influence of surface properties (such as topography, surface area and surface roughness) on cell–material interactions was investigated. The results demonstrated that osteoblast (bone-forming cell) adhesion was the greatest when surface roughness values of the composites were closer to that of natural bone. Moreover, in vitro degradation studies demonstrated that the dispersion of nanophase titania in PLGA decreased the harmful acidic pH changes of PLGA as it degraded. From a mechanical property perspective, compared to agglomerated nano-titania in PLGA composites, well-dispersed nanophase titania in PLGA improved the tensile modulus and the strength of these composites. Lastly, in order to further mimic the hierarchical structure of bone and improve bone–material integration, a novel aerosol-based 3D printing technique was used for the first time to create nanostructured bone-like 3D ceramic/polymer composites. Osteoblast interactions with these 3D scaffolds provided evidence of further promoted bone cell infiltration into such 3D structures. In summary, this study fabricated and evaluated a promising new orthopedic nanocomposite and in doing so, elucidated a means to mimic the hierarchical macro- and nano-structure of natural bone to promote bone cell functions.
Expression of Adhesion-Related Membrane Components in Adherent Versus Nonadherent Hamster Melanoma Cells

The existence of integral membrane components that are involved in cell–substratum adhesion has been postulated. Using an immunochemical approach developed in this laboratory, we provide further evidence for the role in cell–substratum adhesion of integral membrane glycoproteins within a molecular weight region of 120,000–140,000. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of material enriched approximately 100-fold in adhesion-related components revealed the 120,000–140,000 Mr glycoproteins in an adherent hamster melanoma cell line. These glycoproteins are greatly reduced in a non-adherent variant. Induction of adhesion in these cells by exposure to BudR is accompanied by re-expression of the surface adhesion antigens.
Central Processing Load, Response Demands and Tracking Strategies

The present experiment investigates the processing demands associated with two tracking strategies: double-impulse and continuous. Twelve subjects performed a Sternberg memory search task concurrently with a compensatory tracking task using either strategy. Central processing demands of both tasks were manipulated as well as the response demands of the Sternberg task. The two tasks showed little resource competition for central processing resources. Response load resulted in resource competition, but did not show any strategy differences. Results are discussed with regard to the importance of understanding strategy differences for workload analysis.
Design And Fabrication Of A High-Damage Threshold Infrared Smartt Interferometer

It has been shown that a Smartt interferometer may be used as a very precise alignment tool for infrared lasers.(1) This interferometer may also be used effectively to investi-gate the phase front of a laser pulse. To use this tool for applications to high-power, short-pulse laser systems such as Helios and Antares, however, it has been necessary to fabricate a structure with the unique optical characteristics of the Smartt interferometer com-bined with a very high optical-damage threshold. We have been successful in this effort by utilizing the high technology, process control, and unique properties of semiconductor-grade, single-crystal Si.
Borohydride-enhanced photodehalogenation of Aroclor 1232, 1242, 1254, and 1260

Abstract The photochemical dechlorination of Aroclor 1232, 1242, 1254, and 1260 was examined in the presence and absence of sodium borohydride. In both cases the photoreduction proceeded to give dechlorinated biphenyls by sequential loss of chlorines, but the photoreactions in the presence of borohydride were much faster. In the absence of the borohydride the total removal of chlorines was impractically slow, but its presence made it possible to proceed to essentially total destruction of the PCB's.
Implications for improving access and outcomes for individuals with disabilities in postsecondary distance education

Abstract During the past decade, there has been tremendous growth in the number of online distance education courses offered by post‐secondary institutions. Does this growth imply better access to higher education for individuals with disabilities? This article examines individual and institutional case studies identified through a search of ERIC and other major databases. The findings are summarized in terms of student characteristics, technology trends, support and accommodation provided by postsecondary institutions, and the overall impact of distance education on people with disabilities.
Skeletal muscle hemojuvelin is dispensable for systemic iron homeostasis

Hepcidin, a hormone produced mainly by the liver, has been shown to inhibit both intestinal iron absorption and iron release from macrophages. Hemojuvelin, a glycophosphatidyl inositol–linked membrane protein, acts as a bone morphogenetic protein coreceptor to activate hepcidin expression through a SMAD signaling pathway in hepatocytes. In the present study, we show in mice that loss of hemojuvelin specifically in the liver leads to decreased liver hepcidin production and increased tissue and serum iron levels. Although it does not have any known function outside of the liver, hemojuvelin is expressed at very high levels in cardiac and skeletal muscle. To explore possible roles for hemojuvelin in skeletal muscle, we analyzed conditional knockout mice that lack muscle hemojuvelin. The mutant animals had no apparent phenotypic abnormalities. We found that systemic iron homeostasis and liver hepcidin expression were not affected by loss of hemojuvelin in skeletal muscle regardless of dietary iron content. We conclude that, in spite of its expression pattern, hemojuvelin is primarily important in the liver.
Waist circumference and metabolic syndrome: the risk for silent coronary artery disease in males.

Abstract Background: Waist circumference (WC) is a component used to define metabolic syndrome. However, its role as an independent predictor of silent coronary artery disease (CAD), above its contribution to metabolic syndrome, remains unknown. Methods: Male veterans without known CAD, undergoing cardiac stress testing for indications other than typical angina or its equivalent, were evaluated for the presence of silent CAD. High WC and metabolic syndrome were defined per the revised National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP-R) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Results: Data on 1,071 patients (age 61±11 years) were analyzed retrospectively. On multivariable logistic regression analysis [odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), P value), a WC ≥94 cm (1.42, 1.04–1.93; P=0.026), metabolic syndrome by NCEP-R (1.73, 1.29–2.33; P<0.0001), and metabolic syndrome by IDF (1.57, 1.17–2.11; P=0.003) were independent predictors of silent CAD. When comparing patients meeting criteria ...
Himalaya and Tibet: Mountain Roots to Mountain Tops, Geological Society of America, Special Paper 328

After the ocean basins, the next thing that might catch the eye of approaching aliens as they invade the Earth could very well be the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau. Standing at an average elevation of close to 5000 m is a topographic anomaly whose extent has probably not been approached in at least the last billion years of Earth history. The Indo-Asian collision provides geoscientists with a unique record of the process of continent-continent collision and uplift extending from its onset over 50 million years ago to that which is occurring along the boundaries of the plateau today The deeply eroded regions within the Alpine Himalaya provide an opportunity to view the mid- and lower-crustal processes associated with the collision and resultant crustal thickening, and also to preserve excellent records of the pre-collision history.
Reliability and Validity Estimates of the Parker Team Player Survey

The Parker Team Player Survey (PTPS) is designed as a self-report assessment of team player style as described in Parker's theory. In an attempt to estimate the psychometric properties of this instrument, both organizational and academic subject pools were used to demonstrate reliability and validity. The PTPS demonstrated acceptable test-retest reliability for all four team styles of Communicator, Collaborator, Challenger, and Contributer. The measures of internal consistency were low for the Challenger and Collaborator styles given the small number of items and the tendency for individuals to report more than one style. No significant differences were found in the reliability coefficients calculated for the business or student samples. Validity was measured through a comparison of self and peer ratings on the PTPS gathered at a variety of organizations. Whereas the correlations were all statistically significant, the correlation for the Collaborator score was low. Additionally, a panel of trained studen...
TUMOR SUPPRESSOR FUNCTION OF A DOMINANT NEGATIVE RETINOIC ACID RECEPTOR MUTANT

Mutations in receptors for the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RAR) that repress retinoic acid (RA)-responsive gene expression have been identified and characterized. We previously reported an absence of target gene response to RA in all but one of a series of transformed human epithelial cell lines. To elucidate the mechanisms of this unresponsiveness, we created stable transfectants that expressed an RARα mutant (RARα403) previously shown to have dominant negative activity due to a C-terminal truncation. All clones exhibited repressed RA-responsive gene expression. These cells grew slowly and demonstrated greater growth inhibition by RA. Pretreatment of both control and experimental groups with RA enhanced epidermal growth factor–induced proliferation despite RA-dependent downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor expression. In addition, clones expressing the mutant RARα were 60% less invasive in an in vitro assay. This reduced invasiveness correlated with decreased gelatinase activity in these cells. We showed for the first time that a dominant negative mutation in RARα can function as a tumor suppressor in transformed epithelial cells. Mol. Carcinog. 22:26–33, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Reactions of bis(trimethylsilyl)bromomethyllithium and tris(trimethylsilyl)methyllithium. the synthesis of α-bromovinylsilanes

Abstract Bis(trimethylsilyl)bromomethyllithium, (Me3Si)2CBrLi, reacts with aldehydes to give α-bromovinyltrimethylsilanes, Me3SiCBrCHR (both isomers), but with alkyl ketones only proton abstraction from the enolic form of the ketone occurs. The reaction of this lithium reagent with benzophenone gives the oxirane, (Me3Si)2 .α-Bromovinylsilanes of type Me3SiCBrCR2 can he prepared by reaction of R2CCBrLi (prepared by the action of n-butyllithium, or better, t-butyllithium, on R2CCBr2) with trimethylchlorosilane. The preparation of (Me3Si)3CLi by reaction of (Me3Si)3CBr and n-butyllithium or lithium sand, as well as various reactions of this reagent, are described.
Bis-alkylation of dimetallated phenylsulfonylmethyl triflone. A n+1 annulation strategy for synthesis of cyclic vinyl sulfones.

Abstract Bis-metallation of phenylsulfonylmethyl triflone 4b produces a geminal dianion which can be dialkylated to afford α-phenylsulfonyl triflones. Treatment of these compounds with DBU affords vinyl sulfones which can be isomerized to allyl sulfones.
Statistical properties of random matrix product states

We study the set of random matrix product states (RMPS) introduced by Garnerone, de Oliveira, and Zanardi [S. Garnerone, T. R. de Oliveira, and P. Zanardi, Phys. Rev. A 81, 032336 (2010)] as a tool to explore foundational aspects of quantum statistical mechanics. In the present work, we provide an accurate numerical and analytical investigation of the properties of RMPS. We calculate the average state of the ensemble in the nonhomogeneous case, and numerically check the validity of this result. We also suggest using RMPS as a tool to approximate properties of general quantum random states. The numerical simulations presented here support the accuracy and efficiency of this approximation. These results suggest that any generalized canonical state can be approximated with high probability by the reduced density matrix of a RMPS, if the average matrix product states coincide with the associated microcanonical ensemble.
Nucleotide sequence alignment using sparse coding and belief propagation

Advances in DNA information extraction techniques have led to huge sequenced genomes from organisms spanning the tree of life. This increasing amount of genomic information requires tools for comparison of the nucleotide sequences. In this paper, we propose a novel nucleotide sequence alignment method based on sparse coding and belief propagation to compare the similarity of the nucleotide sequences. We used the neighbors of each nucleotide as features, and then we employed sparse coding to find a set of candidate nucleotides. To select optimum matches, belief propagation was subsequently applied to these candidate nucleotides. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is able to robustly align nucleotide sequences and is competitive to SOAPaligner [1] and BWA [2].
Multiple Giant Superior Mesenteric Artery Branch Aneurysms

Mesenteric arterial branch aneurysms are rare. Giant, multiple, mesenteric branch artery aneurysms are even more uncommon, and only a few reports exist in the literature. We describe a 73-year-old asymptomatic female found to have an abdominal bruit and subsequently diagnosed with multiple mesenteric branch artery aneurysms by computed tomography and angiography. In addition, the patient was found to have celiac artery occlusion at its origin. Risk factors include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, grandmultiparity, and tobacco dependence. She was treated successfully with open surgery including ligation of multiple branch aneurysms and vein bypass reconstruction to preserve hepatic and mesenteric artery flow. Our purpose is to review this uncommon entity in terms of diagnosis, etiology, treatment options, and literature review.
Self-diffusion and electrical conductivity in silver bromide

Abstract The ionic conductivity and the self-diffusion coefficient of silver have been measured in silver bromide and in silver bromide-cadmium bromide single crystals between 20 and 380°C. There exists a range of temperature for crystals containing cadmium within which the ratio of the conductivity to the self-diffusion coefficient has the value of 1.25 which is predicted for the vacancy mechanism of diffusion by the Einstein relation as modified by the Bardeen-Herring correction. This result is in agreement with the assumption that divalent cadmium ions replace monovalent silver ions in the crystal lattice and introduce an equal number of silver-ion vacancies. These excess vacancies reduce the concentration of interstitial silver ions to a negligible quantity through the operation of the mass-action law. Under these conditions diffusion occurs only by the vacancy mechanism. Conductivity and diffusion data obtained with pure silver bromide crystals are in fair agreement with the more extensive data of F riauf .