cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shyness and Children's Emotionality, Regulation, and Coping: Contemporaneous, Longitudinal, and Across-Context Relations

The relations of teachers' and parents' reports of children's shyness (i.e., social inhibition) at ages 6-8, 8-10, and 10-12 years to dispositional regulation, emotionality, and coping were examined. Shyness was positively related to internalizing negative emotion, coping by doing nothing, and, for parent-rated shyness, behavioral inhibition/nonimpulsivity, attention focusing, and avoidant coping; it was negatively related to positive emotionality, instrumental coping, seeking support from teachers (at younger ages), and for teacher-rated shyness, attentional control. Often prediction held over several years and/or across reporters. Parent-reported internalizing negative emotion at age 4-6 predicted shyness at ages 6-8 and 8-10, but primarily for children low in attention shifting. Teacher-rated shyness was related to low social status; parent-rated shyness correlated with boys' adult-rated social status at age 4-6 and with style of social interaction, particularly for girls. The relation between parent- and teacher-reported shyness decreased with age. The overall pattern of findings was partially consistent with the conclusion that parent-rated shyness reflected primarily social wariness with unfamiliar people (i.e., temperamental shyness), whereas teacher-rated shyness tapped social inhibition due to social evaluative concerns.
Pathogenesis of Experimental Rhesus Cytomegalovirus Infection

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) establishes and maintains a lifelong persistence following infection in an immunocompetent host. The determinants of a stable virus-host relationship are poorly defined. A nonhuman primate model for HCMV was used to investigate virological and host parameters of infection in a healthy host. Juvenile rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were inoculated with rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV), either orally or intravenously (i.v.), and longitudinally necropsied. None of the animals displayed clinical signs of disease, although hematologic abnormalities were observed intermittently in i.v. inoculated animals. RhCMV DNA was detected transiently in the plasma of all animals at 1 to 2 weeks postinfection (wpi) and in multiple tissues beginning at 2 to 4 wpi. Splenic tissue was the only organ positive for RhCMV DNA in all animals. The location of splenic cells expressing RhCMV immediate-early protein 1 (IE1) in i.v. inoculated animals changed following inoculation. At 4 to 5 wpi, most IE1-positive cells were perifollicular, and at 25 wpi, the majority were located within the red pulp. All animals developed anti-RhCMV immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies within 1 to 2 wpi and IgG antibodies within 2 to 4 wpi against a limited number of viral proteins. Host reactivity to RhCMV proteins increased in titer (total and neutralizing) and avidity with time. These results demonstrate that while antiviral immune responses were able to protect from disease, they were insufficient to eliminate reservoirs of persistent viral gene expression.
Assessing the effects of candidate genes on quantitative traits in primate populations

Recent progress in molecular and biochemical genetics has led to the identification of numerous polymorphic candidate genes likely to be important in the determination of quantitative variation in physiological processes. In this paper, we review a statistical framework ("measured genotype analysis") for assessing the effects of candidate genes on quantitative traits in primate populations. We consider situations in which pedigree information is available and also when such knowledge is absent. We also extend the method to allow for cases in which there is missing candidate locus data. Using likelihood methods, we show how to test a variety of genetic hypotheses. As an example of this type of analysis, we analyzed serum levels of apolipoprotein AI and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, in 585 pedigreed baboons, as a function of genotypic variability at an APOA1 PstI RFLP locus. Our analyses revealed that 7.5% of the total phenotypic variation in apo AI serum levels and 2% of variation in HDL-C levels is attributable to this locus. Future use of such methods will help to clarify the genetic basis of normal variation in physiological traits. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Facial expression space learning

Animation of facial speech and expressions has experienced increased attention recently. Most current research focuses on techniques for capturing, synthesizing, and retargeting facial expressions. Little attention has been paid to the problem of controlling and modifying the expression itself. We present techniques that separate video data into expressive features and underlying content. This allows, for example, a sequence originally recorded with a happy expression to be modified so that the speaker appears to be speaking with an angry or neutral expression. Although the expression has been modified, the new sequences maintain the same visual speech content as the original sequence. The facial expression space that allows these transformations is learned with the aid of a factorization model.
Extension-Twist Coupling Optimization in Composite Rotor Blades

In a tiltrotor aircraft the difference in the inflow and the rotor speeds between hover and forward flight modes necessitates different blade twist and chord distributions. A passive blade twist control design, referred to as The Sliding Mass Concept (SMC), has been previously proposed by the authors for performance improvement of a tiltrotor aircraft. In this paper a multibody dynamics code, DYMORE, together with a cross-sectional analysis tool, SVABS, have been used to accurately model the proposed system. The performance improvement envelopes determined through the multibody dynamics process predict approximately 6% reduction in hover power requirement with no significant improvement in forward flight performance. An optimization process based on the Simulated Annealing method was utilized to improve the hover performance of the XV15 baseline design by maximizing extension-twist coupling of the structure with constraints on the airfoil geometry and torsional stiffness. The analysis resulted in 4.4% improvement in hover performance for 1.0 kg/m sliding mass value without any additional weight penalty compared to the baseline design. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the concept and show the additional flexibility the sliding mass provides for performance improvement of the vehicle.
Life-history theory and risky drinking.

Aims Life-history theory, a major theory related to evolutionary biology and behavioral ecology, is applied to analyze patterns in alcohol abuse and dependence. The life-history approach examines how intensity of reproductive competition affects the benefits and costs of risk-taking, which are typically greater for young men than for women or older men. We used this framework to predict demographic variation in hazardous patterns of alcohol use, assuming that they reflect risk-taking in general. Design This paper is a review of literature on demographic patterns in risky drinking and alcohol dependence. Predictions are generated using evolutionary analysis of risk-taking. Existing surveys of drinking behavior are reviewed, and findings are compared to predictions. Findings Results were generally consistent with predictions. The frequency of risky drinking and dependence is higher for men, and people of younger age, single marital status, childless parental status or unstable environmental resources. An exception is the effect of educational attainment, which is inconsistent. Conclusions Risky drinking behavior, as with other forms of physical risk-taking, is more frequently observed in young men, and it increases where environmental instability is higher. The utility of life-history theory is compared to alternate conceptions of risky drinking and dependence. Implications of this perspective for research and clinical efforts are explored.
Commentary: The Insanity Defense and Youths in Juvenile Court

Juveniles, like adults, should be afforded the right to raise an insanity defense. In this commentary on the article by Morse and Bonnie on the abolition of the insanity defense, we explain why so few juveniles across the United States are granted access to the insanity defense and the reasons that they should have that option. We also consider whether the Delling case was the best suited vehicle to argue for extending constitutional protection to the insanity defense nationwide.
Microfluidic electroporation for selective release of intracellular molecules at the single‐cell level

Analysis of intracellular materials at the single-cell level presents opportunities for probing the heterogeneity of a cell population. Lysis by electroporation has been gaining popularity as a rapid method for disruption of the cell membrane and release of intracellular contents. In this report, we selectively released specific intracellular molecules for interrogation at the single-cell level by tuning the parameters of electroporation. We examined the release of a small molecule, calcein (MW,600), and a 72-kDa protein kinase, Syk, tagged by enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) from chicken B cells during electroporation at the single-cell level. We studied the effects of the field intensity and the field duration on the release of the two molecules. We found that calcein in general was released at lower field intensities and shorter durations than did SykEGFP. By tuning the electrical parameters, we were able to deplete calcein from the cells before SykEGFP started to release. This approach potentially provides a high-throughput alternative for probing different intracellular molecules at the single-cell level compared to chemical cytometry by eliminating complete disruption of the cell membrane.
LITS: Lightweight Intelligent Traffic Simulator

The traffic lighting systems used to regulate today’s trafficking system, although an integral part of the system, is inefficient. This inefficiency contributes to the increased cost of transportation while also contributing to the levels of pollution emitted as a result of human transportation needs; in addition to these detriments, this inefficiency also wastes the travelers’ time. We strongly believe that Intelligent Traffic Light Control can significantly diminish waiting times before red traffic lights in a city and in the process can save our society billions of Dollars annually. To study the efficiency of current system and performance of any proposed system, there is a strong need for an accurate and lightweight simulator. While several traffic simulators have been developed under the Intelligent Transport System initiative, their primary focus has been on modeling and forecasting vehicle traffic flow and congestion from a queuing perspective. In this describe Lightweight Intelligent Traffic Simulator (LITS) being developed for studying different traffic control systems.
Influence of Environmental Stress on Enumeration of Indicator Bacteria from Natural Waters

The problems associated with recovery of pure cultures of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis from stream environments were examined utilizing membrane filter chambers. It was observed that upon exposure to the aquatic environment a significant proportion of cells lost their ability to produce colonies on a selective medium, yet retained this capability on a nutritionally rich, nonselective medium. Discrepancies in colony-forming units between nonselective and selective media indicated that a substantial portion of bacterial cells may become physiologically injured due to the environmental stress imposed by the aquatic environment. The extent of injury was observed to vary considerably among the eight different stream environments, since the amount of injury was not uniform for all types of water environments examined. It was observed that the injury acquired by a population of E. coli, during exposure to the aquatic environment, could be rapidly repaired in a nutritionally rich, nonselective medium. As the injured population of cells was exposed to the rich, nonselective broth, increasing proportions of cells were able to repair themselves such that they became insensitive to inhibitory agents in selective media.
Nucleosome positioning by the winged helix transcription factor HNF3

Nucleosome positioning at genetic regulatory sequences is not well understood. The transcriptional enhancer of the mouse serum albumin gene is active in liver, where regulatory factors occupy their target sites on three nucleosome-like particles designated N1, N2, and N3. The winged helix transcription factor HNF3 binds to two sites near the center of the N1 particle. We created dinucleosome templates using the albumin enhancer sequence and found that site-specific binding of HNF3 protein resulted in nucleosome positioning in vitro similar to that seen in liver nuclei. Thus, binding of a transcription factor can position an underlying nucleosome core.
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Requires Concurrent p75 LNTR Signaling to Induce Apoptosis of Cultured Sympathetic Neurons

Apoptosis may result either from positive induction by ligand binding to a plasma membrane receptor or from negative induction attributable to loss of a suppressor signal. For example, apoptosis of developing sympathetic neurons may be induced in culture either by exposure to leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) or by deprivation of nerve growth factor. This study compared the cell death pathways activated in sympathetic neurons by these two different stimuli. Both types of cell death were developmentally regulated; both were maximal in the immediate postnatal period and disappeared over the next 2 weeks. Both types of cell death were reduced by genetic deletion of Bax or by virally mediated overexpression of Bcl-2. Similarly both were reduced by inhibition of caspase activity or by inhibition of Nedd-2 synthesis with antisense oligonucleotides. Finally, both involved activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling. Nedd-2 expression by sympathetic neurons declined in parallel with the developmental loss of LIF-mediated cell death, suggesting that downregulation of the caspase during development may underlie the loss of cytokine-mediated apoptosis. Treatment of sympathetic neurons with an antibody that blocks the function of the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor (p75LNTR) prevented LIF-induced cell death. Similarly genetic deletion of p75LNTRprevented apoptosis after LIF treatment. These observations suggest that concurrent p75LNTR signaling is necessary for LIF-induced cell death and that cytokine-mediated cell death and growth factor deprivation appear to activate the same intracellular pathways involving JNK signaling.
Long range planning in large United States banks

Abstract This study indicated that there is considerable interest in formal strategic long range corporate planning among large U.S. banks. Officers in a total of 97 large U.S. banks provided information on their bank's efforts in the area of long range planning for this study. The data indicated that the percentage of large U.S. banks with fully developed and operational long range planning systems is rapidly increasing. Information on the organization for long range bank planning and the administrative procedures being utilized are presented and discussed. In addition, information on problems that the bankers are experiencing in implementing and operating their long range planning systems are presented.
Presence and Absence of Sex Differences in Structure and Function of the Brain Oxytocin System: Implications for Understanding the Regulation of Social Behavior

The oxytocin (OT) system in the brain is an important modulator of social behavior in mammals, including humans. Here, we provide a comprehensive review in which we discuss the evidence showing sex differences, or lack thereof, in structure and function of the brain OT system parameters in rodents and humans. We find that (1) the reported sex differences in the brain OT system are not ubiquitous, but appear to be highly species-specific and (2) actions of the OT system on behavior and neuronal responses are often sex-specific, but do not necessarily correspond with sex differences in OT system parameters. Based on these findings, we propose that sex differences in the brain OT system depend on species-specific social organizations (i.e., mating, parental, and sociality systems) and discuss sex-specific actions of OT on behavior and neuronal responses in the context of differences in social organizations. Furthermore, OT may show promise in the treatment of social dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders, many of which show sex differences in prevalence and treatment responses. We therefore discuss recent advances and precautions of OT as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of social dysfunction in both men and women. Overall, we find that there is limited research investigating the effects of OT on behavior and brain responses in males and females in the same design, highlighting the need for comparative research, particularly if OT is to be used as a therapeutic agent in both sexes. Given the many studies indicating a role of the brain OT system in sex-specific regulation of social behavior, an important next step will be to investigate how these effects are mediated and how they relate to the presence or absence of sex differences in brain OT system parameters.
Progressive unpinning of Thwaites Glacier from newly identified offshore ridge: Constraints from aerogravity

[1] A new bathymetric model from the Thwaites Glacier region based on IceBridge airborne gravity data defines morphologic features that exert key controls on the evolution of the ice flow. A prominent ridge with two distinct peaks has been identified 40 km in front of the present-day grounding line, undulating between 300–700 m below sea level with an average relief of 700 m. Presently, the Thwaites ice shelf is pinned on the eastern peak. More extensive pinning in the past would have restricted flow of floating ice across the full width of the Thwaites Glacier system. At present thinning rates, ice would have lost contact with the western part of the ridge between 55–150 years ago, allowing unconfined flow of floating ice and contributing to the present-day mass imbalance of Thwaites Glacier. The bathymetric model also reveals a 1200 m deep trough beneath a bight in the grounding line where the glacier is moving the fastest. This newly defined trough marks the lowest topographic pathway to the Byrd Subglacial Basin, and the most likely path for future grounding line retreat.
Risk-based and diagnostics-linked personalized medicine for cancer

Personalized medicine is gaining momentum in healthcare by allowing physicians to determine an individual's predisposition to different diseases and to better diagnose and treat those diseases. Personalized medicine is frequently described as the right drug for the right patient at the right time; that is, a physician will prescribe treatment based on the individual characteristics of each patient such that the patient is likely to respond to a particular treatment with minimal adverse events. The heterogeneity of cancer makes the implementation of personalized medicine a necessity.
Monitoring nanoprobe diffusion in osmotically-stressed hydrogels

We have developed an optical chamber for studying the effect of swelling or shrinking of a gel on the translational diffusion of fluorescent nanoprobes embedded in the gel. On one side of the chamber, the gel is in contact with a hydrating or dehydrating polymeric solution through a porous membrane, allowing control of the rate of hydration or dehydration of the gel. On the other side, a laser beam is focused into the gel to excite the fluorescence of the nanoprobes, which is continuously monitored to reveal possible structural changes of the stressed gel. Using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy we measure correlation functions of the nanoprobes at various times following the contact of the gel with the hydrating or dehydrating solution, and determine changes of both the average concentration and the apparent diffusion time of the nanoprobes as the gel is shrinking or swelling. We have tested the chamber using the fluorophore, TAMRA (MW = 430 Da), embedded in a poly(vinyl-alcohol) gel that is being dehydrated by a solution of poly(vinyl-pyrrolidone) (28% w/w). As expected TAMRA moves slower as the gel shrinks. However, the changes in the diffusion time of TAMRA as a function of the PVA concentration of the shrinking gel appear to be different than those measured on TAMRA diffusing in PVA gels prepared at different PVA concentrations but with the same cross-link density.
Brain activation by disgust-inducing pictures in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Abstract Background There is growing interest in the role of disgust in the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods Eight OCD subjects with contamination preoccupations and eight gender- and age-matched healthy volunteers viewed pictures from the International Affective Picture System during functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. Results A different distribution of brain activations was found during disgust-inducing visual stimulation in several areas, most notably the insula, compared with neutral stimulation in both OCD subjects and healthy volunteers. Furthermore, whereas activation during the threat-inducing task in OCD subjects showed a pattern similar to that in healthy volunteers, the pattern of activation during the disgust-inducing task was significantly different, including greater increases in the right insula, parahippocampal region, and inferior frontal sites. Conclusions This pilot study supports the relevance of disgust in the neurocircuitry of OCD with contamination-preoccupation symptoms; future studies looking at non-OCD individuals with high disgust ratings, non–contamination-preoccupied OCD individuals, and individuals with other anxiety disorders are needed.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Marketing Journal Rankings

The purpose of this study is to offer a comprehensive assessment of journal standings in Marketing from two perspectives. The discipline perspective of rankings is obtained from a collection of pub...
A real-time primary-backup replication service

This paper presents a real-time primary-backup replication scheme to support fault-tolerant data access in a real-time environment. The main features of the system are fast response to client requests, bounded inconsistency between primary and backup, temporal consistency guarantee for replicated data, and quick recovery from failures. The paper defines external and interobject temporal consistency, the notion of phase variance, and builds a computation model that ensures such consistencies for replicated data deterministically where the underlying communication mechanism provides deterministic message delivery semantics and probabilistically where no such support is available. It also presents an optimization of the system and an analysis of the failover process which includes failover consistency and failure recovery time. An implementation of the proposed scheme is built within the x-kernel architecture on the MK 7.2 microkernel from the Open Group. The results of a detailed performance evaluation of this implementation are also discussed.
The use of multiple representations as conceptual tools to aid in systems design and evaluation

Ways of enhancing the cognitive processes involved in the design of interactive computer systems are discussed. The author focuses on the value of different approaches to help the designers generate useful questions and design concepts and reason about the associated issues. Particular emphasis is placed on the value of alternative representations of a problem. >
The impact of pancreas transplantation on patient employment opportunities

: Background: A questionnaire study was designed to determine whether the quality of life benefit provided by receiving a kidney–pancreas (KP) transplant increased the incentive to return to work, compared with patients receiving a kidney alone (KA) transplant. Methods: A confidential questionnaire was sent to 58 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus who had functioning grafts at least 6 months post-transplant. Thirty-eight patients had received a KP transplant and 20 patients, a KA transplant. Results: Eighty-three percent of patients returned the questionnaire (87% of KP and 75% of KA patients [p: non-significant (ns)]. The pre-transplant demographic variables of age, gender, educational status, and need for dialysis, were equivalent between the KP and KA groups, respectively (p: ns). At the time of transplantation 39% of KP patients and 33% of KA patients were employed at least 20 h/wk (p: ns). However, post-transplant significantly more KP patients (73%) were working compared with KA patients (27%, p: 0.04). Additionally, pre-transplant employment was independently associated with post-transplant work status (p: 0.01). Conclusion: These data suggest that the improvement in quality of life associated with pancreas transplantation provide an added incentive for diabetics with renal insufficiency to seek employment.
Screening New Drugs for Immunotoxic Potential: II. Assessment of the Effects of Selective and Nonselective COX-2 Inhibitors on Complement Activation, Superoxide Anion Production and Leukocyte Chemotaxis and Migration Through Endothelial Cells

Results from earlier experiments in our laboratories revealed that both selective and nonselective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 possess little potential for decreasing in vitro phagocytosis by rat macrophages or canine neutrophils and no potential for decreasing in vivo phagocytosis by the intact murine immune system. We now report the results of studies to assess in vitro and ex vivo effects of the drugs on 1) canine complement activation, 2) generation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide (oxidative burst) by canine neutrophils, and 3) leukocytic chemotaxis and transmigration through endothelial cell monolayers. In vitro concentrations of naproxen sodium, SC-236, SC-245, and SC-791 ranging from 0.1 to 10 μM were tested for their abilities to inhibit canine complement-mediated hemolysis of opsonized sheep erythrocytes and to block phorbol myristate acetate-induced oxidative burst in canine neutrophils. Both models responded to known inhibitory agents, leupeptin in the complement activation test an...
Acromioclavicular Joint Anatomy and Biomechanics

Knowledge of the normal acromioclavicular (AC) joint anatomical relationships and biomechanics is important for the proper treatment of various AC joint pathologies. The AC joint is a complex diarthrodial articulation that is subject to a variety of atraumatic and traumatic conditions. The AC joint is supported by both capsular and extracapsular ligaments and dynamic muscular forces. The capsular ligaments provide stability in the anteroposterior direction as well as vertical stability with physiological loads. The extracapsular ligaments primarily provide vertical and compressive stability at supraphysiological loads and are commonly disrupted with high-grade AC joint injuries. Biomechanically, motion at the AC joint is a combination of translation, elevation, and rotational motions influenced by the complex interaction of scapulothoracic motion and guided by ligamentous restraints and dynamic muscular support. Disruption in normal AC joint anatomy or stability or both can affect normal biomechanics and lead to a variety of painful conditions.
Plant-robust and controller-robust discrete-time PID design

In this paper, we present a method to design a digital PID controller that is robust with respect to perturbation in the plant (plant-robust) and the controller (controller-robust). The method parallels an earlier approach developed for the continuous-time case and makes judicious use of an orthogonal transformation. The resulting controller maintains stability under simultaneous coefficient perturbations in the plant and the controller. Moreover, the controller can be designed to leave maximal room for tuning the controller parameters.
Fetal and Neonatal Health Consequences of Vertically Transmitted Hepatitis E Virus Infection

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections lead to tens of thousands of deaths annually, mostly in developing countries. Hepatitis E poses a significant threat to the health of expectant mothers, a well-noted epidemiologic feature of the disease, but the contribution of vertically transmitted HEV infection to fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality has received limited attention. Evidence assembled to date suggests that mother-to-child HEV transmission may be frequent and deleterious to the fetus and newborn in pregnancies affected by hepatitis E. Additional work is required to resolve key questions. (1) What risks do subclinical maternal HEV infections and infections early in pregnancy pose to fetal health and development? (2) Does vertical transmission occur during labor and/or breastfeeding and contribute appreciably to neonatal morbidity and mortality? (3) How do treatment decisions for severely ill mothers affect fetal and neonatal outcomes? (4) Can maternal vaccination effectively prevent vertical transmission of HEV?
A band-reject nested-PLL phase-noise reduction scheme for clock-cleaners

This paper proposes a clock-conditioner architecture that minimizes the incidence of the input signal phase-noise (PN) in phase-locked-loop (PLL)-based cleaners by modifying the corresponding transfer function from band-pass to band-reject. Although the proposed configuration uses two PLLs, just one cut-off frequency exists eliminating the need for ultra narrow-band loops. Relaxed bandwidth requirements translate to smaller capacitor values in the loop filters which considerably reduce the overall footprint of the architecture. A 100 MHz clock-cleaner is demonstrated using ICs fabricated in a 0.5 µm 2P3M CMOS process. Experimental results show a 20dB PN improvement at 1 kHz offset frequency with only 3.5% of the capacitor area used in a state-of-the-art cascade-type PLL clock-cleaner.
A New Characterization and Calibration Method for 3-dB-Coupled On-Wafer Measurements

A two-port vector network analyzer (VNA) can be used for measuring the differential-mode (or common-mode) S-parameters of an integrated circuit by combining on-wafer probes with 3-dB-coupling baluns (or power splitters). In such a measurement setup, the error networks from each port of the VNA to the device-under-test are three-port rather than the conventional two-port. This paper proposes a new set of an impedance standards and algorithm that can efficiently extract the full nine mixed-mode S-parameters of the three-port error network. For differential-mode measurements, the four differential-mode S-parameters are used for the calibration and the remaining five common- and cross-mode S-parameters are used for evaluating their associated measurement errors. By a minor variation, the proposed method can be used for characterizing the full nine mixed-mode S-parameters of the 3-dB-coupler embedded probe itself, providing a valuable tool in its development stage. The proposed method uses a pseudoinverse of an overdetermined matrix, by which it becomes tolerant to errors that occur when measuring the impedance standards.
Federal Public Investment Spending and Economic Development in Appalachia.

Abstract This analysis examines the relationship between federal public investment spending and economic development in the special case of Appalachia. We propose that the effects of federal public investment spending on economic development operate indirectly through private capital accumulation. We use a spatial lag regression model to test our ideas for the 1980s and the 1990s. In the first step, we show that average federal public investment spending from 1983–1989 and 1993–1999 has net positive effects on measures of private capital accumulation in Appalachia. In the second step, we add three indicators of county economic development in 1989/1999 and find that earnings and nonfarm employment growth during the respective decades predicts higher levels of economic development at the end of the decades. However, while federal public investment spending has positive effects on measures of private capital accumulation, it has no direct effect on measures of economic development.
Appendix C: Problems

This book is intended for use by professionals or advanced students, and the material presented is at a level for which simple problems are not entirely appropriate. Accordingly, most of the problems in this appendix are intended as the basis for essay-style responses or for programming projects, which might build upon the technologies we have treated up to now. Some of these projects are best undertaken as group exercises for a group of three or four students; others could be undertaken by individuals.
The feasibility and acceptability of a diet and exercise trial in overweight and obese black breast cancer survivors: The Stepping STONE study.

Purpose Black breast cancer survivors have high rates of obesity and low physical activity levels. Little is known about the acceptability and feasibility of interventions in this population.
Vibrational communication and the ecology of group-living, herbivorous insects'

Communication among members of a colony is a key feature of the success of eusocial insects. The same may be true in other forms of insect sociality. I suggest that substrate-borne vibrational communication is important in the success of group-living, herbivorous insects. I examine three challenges encountered by herbivorous insects: locating and remaining in a group of conspecifics; locating food resources; and avoiding predation. Studies of groups of immature treehoppers, sawflies and butterflies suggest that vibrational communication can be important in each of these contexts, enhancing the ability of these group-living herbivores to exploit the resources of their host plants.
Human Bacterial Diseases from Ocean

Several bacteria that cause human disease can be found in the ocean. The actual incidence of bacterial disease that results from seawater or seafood is not precisely known but is thought to be relatively low in the USA, although some diseases are on the rise. Bacterial disease from the ocean is more prevalent worldwide, especially in developing countries and in countries that derive most of their protein from seafood. Compared to the viruses, bacteria account for a much lower incidence of disease emanating from the ocean, both in the USA and worldwide. However, it is important to understand and mitigate bacterial disease from the ocean, because of such environmental pressures as global warming, antibiotic resistance, pollution, breakdowns in sanitation (e.g., Haiti after the earthquake) and tourism.
Multiplex Assay for Protein Profiling and Potency Measurement of German Cockroach Allergen Extracts.

Background German cockroach (GCr) allergens induce IgE responses and may cause asthma. Commercial GCr allergen extracts are variable and existing assays may not be appropriate for determining extract composition and potency.
Analysis of Finite Element Methods for Linear Hyperbolic Problems

We summarize several techniques of analysis for finite element methods for linear hyperbolic problems, illustrating their key properties on the simplest model problem. These include the discontinuous Galerkin method, the continuous Galerkin methods on rectangles and triangles, and a nonconforming linear finite element on a special triangular mesh.
DesignTex, Incorporated (B)

This follow-up to the A case (UVA-E-0099) briefly covers the sequence of events that led to DesignTex's successful introduction of Climatex Lifecycle, a completely compostable material that is produced by an absolutely clean manufacturing process.
Stainless steel to titanium bimetallic transitions

In order to use stainless steel piping in an LCLS-II (Linac Coherent Light Source Upgrade) cryomodule, stainless steel to titanium bimetallic transitions are needed to connect the stainless steel piping to the titanium cavity helium vessel. Explosion bonded stainless steel to titanium transition pieces and bimetallic transition material samples have been tested. A sample transition tube was subjected to tests and x-ray examinations between tests. Samples of the bonded joint material were impact and tensile tested at room temperature as well as liquid helium temperature. The joint has been used successfully in horizontal tests of LCLS-II cavity helium vessels and is planned to be used in LCLS-II cryomodules. Results of material sample and transition tube tests will be presented.Operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy.
Nmr Studies of Electronic and Local Structure in Cu-Au Alloys

We have studied ordered and disordered Cu-Au alloys via 63Cu NMR, probing local electronic structure in the bulk and near anti-phase boundaries in CuAuII. A line-shape model has provided good agreement for disordered and partially ordered alloys, and we thus have obtained a measure of local site symmetries, and Knight shifts and local densities of states within the alloys. We have combined Knight shift and relaxation measurements to obtain detailed local information. We report effects of the ordering process in Cu3Au, CuAu, and CuAu3 intermetallics. We find enhanced susceptibility at the CuAuII anti-phase boundary which is heavily anti-site populated. We compare these results to other measurements of these properties.
Freaks of Nature

The world as described by Jane Bennett is populated by objects that exude "thing-power": the "curious ability of inanimate things to animate, to act, to produce effects dramatic and subtle" (p. 6). Often these objects practice their agency benignly, such as Odradek, Kafka's spool of thread who can run and laugh, or the "glove-pollen-rat-cap-stick" assemblage prompting Bennett to reflect on the "miracle of expression" (p. 5). This robust sense of the positive ethical possibilities in recognizing the agency of nature and material objects is challenged by Marc Abeles's pessimistic reading of the challenges from social insecurity and environmental risk that reconfigure our political space as one of survival. Abeles argues that in our neoliberal globalized context where uncertainty and threat constitute our daily existence, convivance, a perspective that orients us towards living together, is replaced by survival, the recognition that humanity's future is precarious and far from guaranteed. Nature is alive in these two accounts, if sometimes freakish: dead matter that comes alive on a second look (Bennett), or Frankenstein's reemergence sans a nation-state to contain his destructive capacity (Abeles). In James Ceaser's account, nature's fecundity is also abundant; it is the foundation upon which political actors should draw to justify their actions. And although this may not be intentional, Ceaser's account of nature, too, is freakish (or at least strange), in that he asks us to accept nature as "unchanging or permanent," providing a "standard of right" (p. 6) as legitimacy for political claims. Lori J. Marso,
Parents' perceptions of juvenile probation: Relationship and interaction with juvenile probation officers, parent strategies, and youth's compliance on probation

Abstract In the past several years, there has been a growing movement toward family-driven initiatives in many child-serving agencies, including the juvenile justice system. These initiatives underscore the importance of parental involvement in successful rehabilitation of at-risk and offending youth and highlight the unique role of parents to influence and inspire their child's behavior. Despite a growing consensus on the importance of parental involvement in juvenile justice processes, little empirical research has explored the nature of parental involvement in the juvenile justice system. This study examined parents' (n = 87) perceptions of relationship quality and interaction with probation officers, parenting strategies, and how these factors related to youth's compliance on probation. Findings revealed that parents generally had positive relationships with probation officers characterized as supportive, fair, respectful, and helpful toward youth. Most parents also employed practices such as use of reminders and encouragement to promote youth's compliance on probation. Parents' perceptions of probation officers' helpfulness toward youth were associated with decreased used of parenting practices that encourage probation compliance. However, parents' perceptions of supportive, respectful, and fair relationships with probation officers were associated with increased use of parenting practices that promote probation compliance. Supportive, fair, and respectful relationships with probation officers were also linked to fewer counts of technical violations of probation, but not new delinquent offenses, among offending youth. Implications for research, practice, and policy around the potential of collaborative relationships between parents and probation officers in facilitating successful probation outcomes are discussed.
Design Optimization of Waigaoqiao 1000MW USC Unit Pneumatic Ash Disposal System

In Shanghai Waigaoqiao 1000 MW USC coal-fired unit pneumatic ash disposal system the transporting tanks are arranged in groups by electric field in transverse serial,different unit piping in parallel to improve independence of each unit and system operation reliability.So the system is charactered by great output,long transportation distance,and complicated routine direction of piping.The paper analyses problems occurring in its operation and puts forward corresponding solution and optimization measures.
LEED Studies of Physisorbed Noble Gases on Metals and Interadatom Interactions

Low-energy electron diffraction studies of noble gas adsorption provide opportunities to study a number of interesting phenomena. There are also a number of experimental problems. Approaches to these opportunities and problems are discussed and illustrated with selected results.
EQUIVALENCE OF MODELS FOR EQUIVARIANT (∞, 1)-CATEGORIES

In this paper, we show that the known models for (∞, 1)-categories can all be extended to equivariant versions for any discrete group G . We show that in two of the models we can also consider actions of any simplicial group G .
Increased Activity of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, a Stem/Progenitor Cell Marker, in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia,

Abstract 3867 Introduction: Despite their mature appearance, the B cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) possess immature characteristics both functionally and biochemically. CLL B cells display known biochemical markers characteristic of cells early in the blood lineage, including ROR1, Wnt16, and LEF1. In addition, CLL B cells have higher levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and of the oxidant-induced transcription factor Nrf2 [NFE2L2], compared to normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Intracellular ROS status has been suggested to be a marker of cancer stem/progenitor cells possibly due to their high expression of oncogenes. Downstream targets of Nrf2 include the Aldehyde dehydrogenase [ALDH] enzymes, which are believed to play a crucial role in stem cell biology because they protect the cells against oxidative stress caused by accumulation of aldehydes. Here, we use ALDH activity to visualize populations of CLL B cells that may have stem/progenitor properties. Materials and Methods: Isolated PBMC from normal donors and CLL patients with aggressive and indolent disease were stained for ALDH activity with an Aldefluor assay kit (StemCell Technologies). The ALDH inhibitor, diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB), was used to confirm that the fluorescent activity was due to ALDH activity. At the end of the Aldefluor assay, the cells were stained for cell surface markers, CD19, CD5, CD38 and CD34. 50,000 total events were collected for FACS analysis. Normalized Mean Fluorescence Intensity (MFI) values were calculated by dividing each MFI value to average MFI value of normal CD19+ cells for each experiment. Data analyses were performed by FlowJo software and Prizm. P-values were calculated by One-Way ANOVA analysis with Post-Bonferroni9s multiple comparison test. Results: We examine the level of ALDH expression and activity in CD19+ cells of healthy donors (n = 9), CLL samples that expressed unmutated IgVH and that were ZAP-70 positive (defined as “aggressive”, n = 14) or samples that expressed mutated IgVH and were ZAP-70 negative (defined as “indolent”, n=12). CLL B cells from patients with aggressive disease had significantly higher ALDH activities compared to normal B cells (p Disclosures: Kipps: Igenica: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Abbot Industries: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Genentech: Research Funding; GSK: Research Funding; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy, Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding.
A New Curriculum in Fluid Mechanics for the Millennial Generation

The learning habits of a new generation of students, i.e., those growing up with cell phones, access to social media, and video games, are significantly different from the habits of the educators who are preparing them for the future workplace. The effectiveness of traditional lecture-based classrooms has been questioned by educators, parents, industry, and government. In the field of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, the importance of hands-on learning and traditional classroom teaching underscores the need for curriculum reform. This paper presents a methodology to improve graduates' knowledge and skills in the area of fluid mechanics in an ongoing curriculum reform process. The course syllabus is reformed to support a multi-modal student learning process. Beyond current lecture-based classroom teaching, tools are developed to foster flexible, inductive learning through hands-on applications, and online learning tools. A multipurpose laboratory equipped with fluid power processes, sensors, data acquisition systems, and application programs has been established and it is being developed every semester. The laboratory experiments utilize fluid mechanics principles in industrial applications to provide students a robust understanding of the subject. Because of the practice of industrial processes, use of sensors, data acquisition hardware, and application programs in the laboratory, the technical skills of program graduates improve significantly. Finally, the project evaluation, assessment, and dissemination process for monitoring and evaluating project activities, outcomes assessment of student learning, and feedback for continuous curriculum improvement are presented.
‘Baltimore does not condone profiteering in squalor’: the Baltimore Plan and the problem of housing-code enforcement in an American city

In 1941, the Baltimore City Council passed a law, the Ordinance on the Hygiene of Housing, declaring that all property in the city should be ‘maintained in good repair by the owner or agent, and fi...
Internal Jugular Catheter Insertion with No Vein Apparent on Ultrasound

This chapter discusses the case of a patient with a 4-year history of hemodialysis. The patient had had numerous central venous catheters during this period of time. He is referred to the vascular access center for the placement of a tunnel dialysis catheter. Ultrasound examination of the potential cannulation sites for the right and left internal jugular veins revealed that they were not apparent. Examining at a higher level on the right side of the neck, a patent internal jugular vein was identified. This site was used to place the catheter.
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (E-cigarette/Vape) use and Co-Occurring Health-Risk Behaviors Among an Ethnically Diverse Sample of Young Adults.

Background: Prevalence rates of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; i.e., e-cigarette/vape) use has grown exponentially in the past few years. College students present a particularly vulner...