cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Natural ∗-representations of inverse semigroups by operators

Given any *-semigroup S (i.e., any associative multiplicative system S together with any specified map *: S-+ S satisfying (a*)* =a and (ab)* = b*a* for all a, bE S), then S is always *-embeddable (i.e., by an injective multiplicative homomorphism 0: a N 8, satisfying (O,)* = O,,) into some *-ring (e.g., into its discrete semigroup algebra over the complex field), while, for S to be w-embeddable into some *-ring satisfying the properness condition displayed above, clearly it is necessary that S (which may have no zero element) should satisfy the semigroup version of the properness condition [F, p. 741:
ACCOMMODATING FLEXIBLE SUBSTITUTION PATTERNS IN MULTI-DIMENSIONAL CHOICE MODELING: FORMULATION AND APPLICATION TO TRAVEL MODE AND DEPARTURE TIME CHOICE

Abstract The nested logit model has been used extensively to model multi-dimensional choice situations. A drawback of the nested logit model is that it does not allow choice alternatives to share common unobserved attributes along all the dimensions characterizing the multidimensional choice context. This paper formulates a mixed multinomial logit structure that accommodates unobserved correlation across both dimensions in a two-dimensional choice context. The mixed multinomial logit structure is parsimonious in the number of parameters to be estimated and is also relatively easy to estimate using simulation methods. The mixed multinomial logit model is applied to an analysis of travel mode and departure time choice for home-based social–recreational trips using data drawn from the 1990 San Francisco Bay Area household survey. The empirical results underscore the need to capture unobserved attributes along both the mode and departure time dimensions, both for improved data fit as well as for more realistic policy evaluations of transportation control measures.
“Diamond-like” 3-fold coordinated amorphous carbon

Evaporated and sputtered a-C films deposited at L.N. temperature were prepared and studied as a function of annealing using Raman, electron energy loss, and ESR techniques. The reduced Raman spectra of virgin films reflect the one phonon density of states of graphite. Moreover, no evidence for diamond bonding is found from the electron energy loss experiment. Upon annealing, graphitic structural correlations develop within bounded islands of carbon atoms. This picture is consistent with ESR measurements which yield 3 × 1019 spins/cm3 independent of annealing but a resonnance line (g = 2.002 ± .0005) that narrows with annealing. A model based solely on a three-fold coordinated random network structure will be presented to explain the “diamond-like” physical properties of a-C films and their changes with annealing.
Decision-making styles: managerial application of the MBTI and type theory

Applying type theory is a relatively inexpensive way for managers to increase effectiveness by emphasizing the qualitative issues in organizations. The author describes managerial and organizational uses of C.G. Jung's theory of psychological type, as operationalized in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). The MBTI is useful not only in identifying individual preferences, but also in developing effective managerial and working terms. Knowledge of one's own type and the type of others can help managers motivate others, maximize human resources, persuade others, and gain cooperation. An article in the January 1989 issue of JONA discusses the author's use of the MBTI to assess decision-making styles and the compatibility of hospital chief nursing officers and executive officers.
Influence of the thickness of a working layer on properties of hot-forged powder layered composites

Results of investigations of main physicomechanical and tribological properties of hot-forged layered powder composites based on Kh18N15 corrosion-resistant steel are presented. We use a powder composite of Kh18N15 steel with 25 mass % of Cr3C2 and 5 mass % of MoS2 as a working layer and the same steel with 0.6 mass % of carbon as a base material. It is established that the bending strength of the obtained materials depends substantially on the thickness of the working layer, whereas the hardness of the working layer barely depends on it.
Vitamin A ester and alcohol of rat liver during pregnancy.

SummaryDuring pregnancy plasma Vit. A decreased and liver Vit. A alcohol increased but both returned to prepregnant values by the second postpartum day. The data indicate that an inverse relationship exists in pregnancy between plasma Vit. A and liver Vit. A alcohol that is unrelated to esterified Vit. A, body weight, and liver hypertrophy. It was suggested that changes in plasma Vit. A levels were related to transport and secondary to the hyperlipidemia of pregnancy. A possible mechanism involved is discussed.
Determinantal and worldline quantum Monte Carlo methods for many-body systems.

We examine three different quantum Monte Carlo methods for studying systems of interacting particles. The determinantal quantum Monte Carlo method is compared to two different worldline simulations. The first worldline method consists of a simulation carried out in the real-space basis, while the second method is implemented using as basis the eigenstates of the Hamiltonian on blocks of the two-dimensional lattice. We look, in particular, at the Hubbard model on a 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4 lattice with periodic boundary conditions. The block method is superior to the real-space method in terms of the computational cost of the simulation, but shows a much worse negative sign problem. For larger values of U and away from half-filling it is found that the real-space method can provide results at lower temperatures than the determinantal method. We show that the sign problem in the block method can be slightly improved by an appropriate choice of basis.
Family Diversity and Patterns of Service Utilization in Early Intervention.

This study reports the results of face-to-face interviews with 536 families receiving early intervention. The purpose of the study was to describe the nature of early intervention services received...
Early stages in the formation and stabilization of acetylcholine receptor aggregates on cultured myotubes: Sensitivity to temperature and azide☆

Abstract We have studied the effects of temperature and sodium azide on the formation and stability of embryonic brain extract (EBX) 2 -induced acetylcholine receptor (AChR) aggregates on myotubes. Sequential changes in AChR distribution were studied on living myotubes in culture by video-intensified fluorescence microscopy. Aggregate formation was temperature dependent, increasing sharply from 24–36°, maximal at 36–37°, and virtually blocked at 38–40°. Whereas aggregate size increased rapidly with time (up to 4 hr) at 36°, at 18–24° small (≤1 μm) “microaggregates” formed and accumulated for up to 10 hr. Aggregates formed within 1.5 hr at the sites of microaggregates (formed after 4 hr at 23°) if the temperature was raised to 36°. However, if EBX was removed, the microaggregates on 50% of myotubes disassembled within 1.5 hr. The formation of microaggregates at 23° and aggregates at 36° was reversibly inhibited by sodium azide. These results show that clusters of microaggregates are the precursors of aggregates, and suggest that microaggregate clouds represent a discrete, labile, ATP-dependent stage in aggregate formation. Aggregates that had formed after 4 hr in the presence of EBX disassembled slowly (within 12–14 hr) following removal of EBX at 36°, and even more slowly at 23–30°. However, a temperature shift to 38°, or the addition of azide, resulted in a rapid but reversible disassembly of aggregates (within 4 hr). Thus, newly formed aggregates appear to be relatively stable structures, while microaggregate clouds are labile, tending to disassemble or evolve into aggregates.
EFFECTS OF INTERMITTENT PUNISHMENT ON SELF‐INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR: AN EVALUATION OF SCHEDULE THINNING

Although the use of punishment often raises ethical issues, such procedures may be needed when the reinforcers that maintain behavior cannot be identified or controlled, or when competing reinforcers cannot be found. Results of several studies on the effects of intermittent schedules of punishment suggest that therapists must use fairly rich schedules of punishment to suppress problem behavior. However, residential caretakers, teachers, and parents often have difficulty implementing programs that require constant monitoring of the client's behavior. In this study, we examined the feasibility of gradually thinning the delivery of punishment from a continuous schedule to an intermittent schedule during the course of treatment for self-injurious behavior (SIB). Results of functional analyses for 5 individuals who had been diagnosed with profound mental retardation indicated that their SIB was not maintained by social consequences. Treatment with continuous schedules of time-out (for 1 participant) or contingent restraint (for the other 4 participants) produced substantial reductions in SIB. When they were exposed to intermittent schedules of punishment (fixed-interval [FI] 120 s or FI 300 s), SIB for all but 1 of the participants increased to levels similar to those observed during baseline. For these 4 participants, the schedule of punishment was gradually thinned from continuous to FI 120 s or FI 300 s. For 2 participants, SIB remained low across the schedule changes, demonstrating the utility of thinning from continuous to intermittent schedules of punishment. Results for the other 2 participants showed that intermittent punishment was ineffective, despite repeated attempts to thin the schedule.
In Situ Characterization of Triboelectrochemical Effects on Topography of Patterned Copper Surfaces

The topographic response of patterned copper surfaces to chemical–mechanical polishing (CMP) was investigated using a triboelectrochemical approach. Experimental methods include using a combined system containing a tribometer and a potentiostat. Results showed that more step height reduction and lower average surface roughness were obtained via CMP in acidic than in alkaline slurry. The increased contact area between wafer, pad, and abrasives was associated with the increase in friction. It was found that pH-dependent oxide formation and removal dominate the step height reduction for both acidic and alkaline slurries. The in situ approach pinpointed interactions between mechanical stimulation, chemical reaction, and electrochemical passivation. This research is beneficial to understanding triboelectrochemistry in Cu chemical–mechanical polishing of patterned wafers, an important application in semiconductor manufacturing.
Decreased Citrate Synthesis: Possible Indication of Early Degenerative Changes in Testes of Vitamin E-Deficient Rats

We have shown that intravenously administered glucose disappears from the blood of E-deficient rats at different rates compared to that of the control rats and that this difference could possibly be explained by membrane permeability changes in E-deficiency. We have also shown that the ability of E-deficient rat testis tissue to synthesize citrate is decreased, and that this decrease is probably an early manifestation of testicular degeneration.
The Impact of the Appalachian Mountains on Cyclonic Weather Systems. Part I: A Climatology

Abstract A climatological study of cold fronts and cyclones crossing the Appalachian Mountains from the west through northwest has been performed. A sample size of 50 fronts and 40 cyclones was derived from the seven winter seasons (December through March) between 1979 and 1986. The analysis revealed that initially linear cold fronts are slowed and deformed by the mountains, with the mean frontal speed decreasing 40% and the fronts developing a pronounced “kink” just east of the southern Appalachians. Furthermore, over the mountains the cross-front thermal and pressure gradients are enhanced by about 25% and 63%, respectively. Once past the mountains, fronts are weaker and often difficult to locate. In particular, the cyclonic wind shift is very ill defined, and the cross-front pressure gradient is reduced to 38% of the premountain value. Finally, small-scale (500-km diameter) “lee lows” form on more than half of the fronts. Though typically benign, some of these disturbances may play a role in offshore c...
Is cancer communicable

Recent developments in cancer epidemiology have led to the possibility of an exceedingly complex communicable factor(s) in cancer etiology. The transmission of such an agent(s) may require a susceptible genotype and/or other promotional events. Likely candidates which support this supposition include: Epstein-Barr virus (nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, salivary gland tumor among Eskimos, X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome of Purtilo); human T-cell leukemia virus (adult T-cell leukemia); acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), complicated by Kaposi's sarcoma (etiologic agent remains elusive, though epidemiology suggests possible infectious transmission); abnormal immune phenomena in households of Hodgkin's disease patients; and clustering of various types of cancer in spouses, the general population, and families. We have selectively reviewed the literature and evolved an etiologic hypothesis which integrates a communicable agent(s) in concert with genetic and/or environmental carcinogenic interaction which could conceivably explain a significant fraction of the total cancer burden.
Using nonlinear dynamics to predict Old Faithful

The current algorithm for predicting eruptions of Old Faithful is observation-based and has an accuracy of plus or minus ten minutes. In this paper, we analyze eruption data from a nonlinear dynamics perspective and develop a mathematical prediction model based on the discrete logistics map. We compare our predictions of the data with those from the observation-based algorithm. We conclude that although our algorithm is not as practical for use in the park setting, it is competitive with the current one.
Performances of Young African American Children on Two Comprehension Tasks

This investigation examines the performances of 63 urban 4-to 7-year-old African American children from middle-income homes on two tasks designed to assess the development of comprehension skills. Performances on a task designed to elicit responses to wh-questions, and another to distinctions between active and passive sentence constructions, revealed grade effects and a positive relationship to age. The findings are discussed in terms of the appropriateness of using tasks of these types with young African American boys and girls who are dialect users.
Metastasis and stem cell pathways.

Recent studies have described a small population of self-renewing and multipotent cells within tumors termed “cancer stem cells.” These cells share many traits with somatic and embryonic stem cells and are thought to be responsible for driving tumor progression in a growing list of neoplastic diseases. Cells within solid tumors encounter hypoxia due to poor vascular function. Both long-standing and emerging data describe hypoxic effects on somatic and embryonic stem cells, and it is likely that hypoxia also has profound effects on cancer stem cells. These effects include the activation of pathways that induce the dedifferentiation of cancer cells, the maintenance of stem cell identity, and increased metastatic potential. Hypoxia may contribute to tumor progression by specifically impacting these pathways in cancer stem cells.
Behavioral treatment of an “Hysterically” clenched fist

Abstract The efficacy of behavioral techniques in the treatment of a 14-yr-old female with an “hysterically” clenched right fist is demonstrated in this case. Common, and perhaps essential, ingredients of such treatments are noted. The dysfunction here is described in terms of a larger class of illness behaviors involving school avoidance. The role of the family in preventing sick role enactment is discussed as critical.
Endotracheal versus intravenous epinephrine during electromechanical dissociation with CPR in dogs

The dose-response curves of epinephrine given either IV or endotracheally (ET) were compared during resuscitation from electromechanical dissociation (EMD). Ten anesthetized dogs were subjected to a two-minute period of electrically induced ventricular fibrillation (VF) followed by defribrillation without CPR to produce EMD. Mechanical CPR was followed by injection of either ET or IV epinephrine. Successful response was defined as a return of pulsatile blood pressure within two minutes of drug administration. Using log-dose increments of epinephrine, experimental trials were repeated in each animal. The IV and ET median effective doses were 14 and 130 μ g/kg, respectively. When the trials were successful, the time between drug administration and either arterial blood pressure increases or return of spontaneous circulation did not differ significantly for the ET and IV groups. These results show that the dosage for epinephrine delivered ET must be higher than the IV dosage to achieve the same response during CPR.
A series solution for mass transfer in laminar flow with surface reaction

We present an explicit analytical solution for the Leveque's problem with the boundary condition of the third kind. This solution is applicable to problems of mass (heat) transfer with surface reaction (surface resistance) in the entry region of fully developed flow fields of power law fluids, and to the developing boundary layer flows that admit Falkner-Skan solutions, provided that the Schmidt (Prandtl) number is large. The series form of the solution developed by inversion of the Laplace transform has excellent convergence properties within the concentration (temperature) boundary layer in contrast to the integral forms that are usually reported for problems of this type. An efficient computational algorithm for evaluation of the surface concentration is presented, as well as accurate approximate formulas in the form of simple algebraic expressions for the local and average mass (heat) transfer coefficients and the surface concentration (temperature).
Some esterases of the pea (Pisum sativum L.).

Abstract 1. 1.Water-extractable estarases of the pea (Pisum sativum L.) have a pH optimum of 7. Acetyl, propionyl and n-butyryl esters of phenol, sodium 2-naphthol-6- sulfonate and glycerol were hydrolyzed by an aqueous extract of the pea. Hexyl, octyl, decyl and hexadecyl esters of sodium 2-naphthol-6-sulfonate, triolein, and acetyl- propionyl- and n-butyrylcholine were not hydrolyzed or hydrolyzed slowly, which suggests the absence of lipases and cholinesterases. 2. 2.Pea esterases showed the greatest activity toward the phenyl and propionyl esters. 3. 3.Selective inhibition of the pea esterases by diethyl p-nitrophenyl thiophosphate (parathion), tetraethyl pyrophosphate and DFP, at concentrations ranging from 10−1 M, revealed the presence of at least 6 esterases in an aqueous extract of peas. 5 of these esterases were classified as carboxylesterases (carboxylicester hyrolase, EC 3.1.1.1).
SYSTEMIC PROSTAGLANDIN I2 SYNTHESIS IS NORMAL IN PATIENTS WITH BARTTER'S SYNDROME

Abstract Urinary excretion of 2, 3 dinor-6-keto-PGF 1α , a metabolite of prostacyclin (PGI 2 ), was measured in 9 patients with Bartter's syndrome. The rate of excretion of this metabolite was normal in these patients during ingestion of both a normal and high dietary intake of potassium. This suggests that in Bartter's syndrome the rate of entry of PGI 2 into the circulation is normal. Excessive systemic synthesis of PGI 2 is therefore unlikely to be an explanation for either the vascular insensitivity to angiotensin II or the defect in platelet aggregation characteristic of the syndrome.
Multiple Roles of Polyhalogenated Biphenyls in Causing Increases in Cytochrome P450 and Uroporphyrin Accumulation in Cultured Hepatocytes

Abstract Uroporphyrin (URO) accumulation occurs in chick embryo hepatocytes treated with a number of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs) that are known inducers of cytochrome P4501As (CYP1A). Previous dose response studies had shown that URO accumulation does not begin until CYP1A, as indicated by ethoxyresorufin O -deethylase (EROD) activity, is maximally induced. The reason why the concentrations of PHAHs required for URO accumulation were higher than those required to induce EROD had not been explained. PHAHs, such as 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB77, IUPAC nomenclature, TCB) stimulate uroporphyrinogen (UROGEN) oxidation by microsomes from 3-methylcholanthrene (MC)-treated chick embryos. Here we used a new protocol to investigate whether the requirement for more TCB to stimulate in vitro microsomal UROGEN oxidation extended to TCB-induced URO accumulation in intact cultured hepatocytes. Cultures were treated with increasing concentrations of TCB or other PHAHs to induce CYP1As, then with cycloheximide (CX) to prevent further P450 synthesis. The CX treatment was shown to block any further increases in CYP1A as determined by immunoblots. 5-Aminolevulinic acid and a high concentration of TCB (“postinduction TCB”) were then added to stimulate intracellular UROGEN oxidation. Using the protocol with postinduction TCB, the inducing concentrations of TCB which caused URO to begin to accumulate were now much lower than in the absence of postinduction TCB. Increases in CYP1A proteins, measured immunochemically, were detected at about the same inducing TCB concentrations that began to increase URO accumulation. The new protocol, with postinduction TCB, using URO accumulation as the end point, greatly increased the sensitivity of the culture system for detection of PHAHs with EC50s (n m ) for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD), TCB, 3,3′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl, MC, and hexachlorobenzene being about 0.003, 0.11, 0.75, 3.5, and 30, respectively. As little as 2–4 fmol TCDD per culture dish caused detectible increases in URO accumulation. We conclude that URO accumulation in chick hepatocyte cultures is limited not only by the induction of CYP1A, but also by the stimulation of intracellular UROGEN oxidation.
Studies on the pathogenesis of Bartter's syndrome

There is no agreement concerning the primary pathogenetic event leading to Bartter's syndrome. Free water clearance and distal fractional chloride reabsorption were abnormally low in our patient with Bartter's syndrome. This series of investigations in this patient with Bartter's syndrome and hypomagnesemia was undertaken to determine if the defect in chloride transport in the ascending limb and the associated renal potassium wasting was specifically related to potassium depletion, increased prostaglandin production or magnesium depletion. Neither potassium repletion, indomethacin administration nor magnesium repletion had an effect on the defect in free water clearance or in distal fractional chloride reabsorption. However, magnesium infusion eliminated renal potassium wasting. These observations suggest that the proximate cause of Bartter's syndrome in this patient is a primary defect in the reabsorption of sodium chloride in the ascending limb and not renal potassium wasting. However, hypomagnesemia may contribute to the renal potassium wasting seen in this syndrome.
Stable ohmic contacts to Zinc Telluride

Abstract Zinc Telluride is a wide, direct bandgap, II–VI compound semiconductor which, because of its high density, has potential as a gamma-ray detector. Ohmic contacts to this material using Au-Cu, Ag-Pt, Pt and Cu-Pt have been fabricated and tested at elevated temperatures. Specific contact resistivities ranged from 4.9 × 10 −2 ohm-cm 2 to 1.0 ohm-cm 2 depending on the annealing process and/or operating temperature. Platinum yielded the lowest resistivity following stabilization at an operating temperature of 150°C.
Electrographic correlates of sleep behavior in a primitive mammal, the armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus ☆

Abstract Sleep behavior in 5 armadillos was studied over a continuous 24-hr period in order to evaluate certain hypotheses concerning the relation of life style and phylogenetic rank to sleep. The physical security of a sleeping armadillo, according to a life style hypothesis, should allow it to sleep extensively and to have a high proportion of paradoxical sleep (PS). In this study armadillos slept an average of over 77% of the day. Armadillos apparently are phylogenetically advanced enough to display PS and, depending on criteria and data interpretation, were observed to spend approximately 8.9%–21.5% of their sleep time in PS. During the short and scattered wakefulness periods armadillos were vigorously active, with no periods of awake quiescence lasting more than 2 min. Sleep onset was unusually sudden, occurring in 11–19 episodes per day. Rectal temperatures varied erratically over a wide range and did not correlate with behavioral state. The typical slow wave EEG pattern occurred about 50% of the total sleep time, with durations of a given period ranging from 0.75–375 min. Activated EEGs during sleep were associated with 4 different categories of rapid eye movement and neck muscle activity. Activated EEG episodes ranged from 0.8–1.6 min and were interspersed with abrupt transitions among the slow wave periods. Analysis of PS was confounded by the short periods of activated EEGs and by the absence of nuchal atonia. At least some of the categories of activated EEG could have reflected shivering or transient arousal from slow wave sleep, rather than PS.
A REVISED GEOMETRY OF MEAN‐VARIANCE EFFICIENT PORTFOLIOS

A revised definition of efficiency compares portfolios with different net worths. One axiom rules out instantaneous riskless gains, the other asserts that it costs money to buy good portfolios. Unlimited short sales are allowed. Portfolios which cannot be improved at any price are called absolutely efficient. The geometry of the mean-standard deviation frontiers is governed by three “efficient set constants”. A few results regarding efficient portfolios must be modified, and a new version of the security line equation is proposed. Explicit formulas are given: no need to use different formulas for singular or non-singular covariance matrix.
Fate and function of anti-CD3/CD28-activated T cells following adoptive transfer: IL-2 promotes development of anti-tumor memory T cells in vivo

BackgroundAdoptive immunotherapy with T cells activated through CD3 alone requires exogenous IL-2 for T-cell function and survival after transfer, but the in vivo cytokine requirement of T cells activated through CD3 and CD28 is unknown. We hypothesized that CD3/CD28-activated T cells, unlike those activated through CD3 alone, might develop into long-lived memory T cells, either with or without systemic IL-2.MethodsWe used MHC class I-restricted TCR transgenic T cells from the OT-1 mouse, specific for the surrogate tumor Ag ovalbumin (OVA), to assess the trafficking kinetics, antigenic responsiveness and anti-tumor efficacy of dual-activated T cells in vivo as a function of IL-2 administration. At days 7, 14, and 28 after transfer, lymph node cells and splenocytes were examined for donor cell persistence and antigenic responsiveness by FACS and ELISA, respectively.ResultsIn IL-2-treated mice, donor CD8+ T cells persisted and developed a memory phenotype, based on CD44 and Ly6c expression at day 28, while ...
Ankle fusion: a new technique of internal fixation using a compression blade plate.

A new technique of tibiotalar arthrodesis has been developed offering wide exposure, excellent correction of deformity, good bony apposition, and blade plate fixation. This technique has even been ...
Polarization-dependent spectra of x-ray dielectronic satellite lines of Be-like Fe

We have studied the polarization properties of dielectronic satellite lines in Be-like Fe ions excited through resonant electron capture by an electron beam. Using the photon density-matrix formalism, we have calculated the degree of polarization and polarization-dependent spectra of dielectronic satellite lines, i.e., the spectral intensity distribution of lines associated with a given polarization state. Theoretical results have been compared with experiments performed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory electron-beam ion trap where dielectronic satellite line emission from Fe ions produced at different energies of the electron beam was simultaneously recorded with two crystal spectrometers. These spectrometers had different polarization sensitivities. The experimental spectra recorded by the two spectrometers are reproduced by the theory. This ability to model the polarization dependence of x-ray line spectra is important for the diagnosis of electron beams in plasmas.
Disección laparoscópica robótica de la aorta infrarrenal y de la arteria ilíaca: descripción técnica y resultados iniciales

Describimos la experiencia inicial de nuestro equipo con una diseccion novedosa de la aorta infrarrenal y la arteria iliaca asistida con robot para el tratamiento de la arteriopatia oclusiva aortoiliaca y el aneurisma aortoiliaco abdominal. Siete pacientes se sometieron al procedimiento usando el sistema quirurgico de manipulacion da Vinci. La diseccion transabdominal, retroperitoneal de la aorta y las arterias iliacas se completo usando el sistema robotico; mas tarde se efectuaron una minilaparotomia y una anastomosis aorta a injerto suturada manualmente. En esta serie de pacientes no se produjo mortalidad. Esta nueva tecnica puede resolver las dificultades de la diseccion aortica en la cirugia aortica laparoscopica pura y sirve como paso intermedio hacia la cirugia aortica robotica total.
The Ethical Dilemmas of a Rural Physician

Physicians in rural settings confront many of the same ethical dilemmas as their urban counterparts: confidentiality, quality-of-life decisions, resource allocation, and their moral responsibility for bettering the life of the community. However, the courses of action they choose as morally justifiable are influenced by distance from other professional facilities, the interrelationship of private and professional roles in a small community, and the non-specialized orientation of their practices.
Fluvial terrace riser degradation and determination of slip rates on strike-slip faults: An example from the Kunlun fault, China

[1] The use of displaced fluvial terrace risers to determine slip rates along strike-slip faults depends on knowing when risers become passive markers. Typically, chronologic constraints from terrace deposits only place bounds on this age; consequent slip rates may be highly uncertain. Along the Kunlun fault, in northeastern Tibet, we demonstrate that consideration of riser degradation can augment terrace chronology and improve the precision of slip-rate estimates. Multiple offset risers and 14C age determinations from terrace treads yield a narrow range of slip rates of 4.5 ± 0.5 m/kyr at one site, but permit a wide range of allowable rates (3–10 m/kyr) in an adjacent drainage. Using a locally calibrated sediment transport rate of 3.2–5.4 m2/ka, we show that riser morphology at this latter site is consistent with degradation since abandonment of the upper terrace tread. Our analysis indicates that slip rates at this site are ∼5 ± 2 m/kyr.
Using prior knowledge to minimize interference when learning large amounts of information.

In three experiments, we examined mediated learning in situations involving learning a large amount of information. Participants learned 144 “facts” during a learning phase and were tested on facts during a test phase. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants learned facts about familiar individuals, unfamiliar individuals, or unfamiliar individuals associated with familiar individuals. Prior knowledge reduced interference, even when it played only a mediating role. In Experiment 3, participants learned facts about unfamiliar individuals or unfamiliar countries, with half the participants in each group associating the unfamiliar items with familiar individuals. Again, use of prior knowledge to mediate learning reduced interference even when the new information was conceptually dissimilar to the previously known information. These results are consistent with the mental model account of long-term memory.
Effects of Green Diode Laser in the Treatment of Pediatric Coats Disease

Purpose To review the effect of green diode laser ablation therapy on retinal structure and functional outcome in patients with advanced Coats disease. Design Retrospective, interventional case series. Methods Fourteen eyes of 13 patients with Coats disease were included in this study. Medical records, Retcam photographs (Clarity Medical Systems, Pleasanton, CA), and fluorescein angiograms were reviewed. All patients initially were treated with green diode laser (532 nm) ablation therapy to areas of the retinal telangiectasis associated with exudation. Main outcome measures included visual acuity, treatment outcome defined as complete resolution of telangiectatic lesions or exudative detachment, and macular status at the end of follow-up. Results Before treatment, 1 eye was at stage 2 (telangiectasis and exudation), 12 eyes were at stage 3 (exudative retinal detachment), and 1 eye was at stage 4 (total retinal detachment with glaucoma). Five eyes had highly detached retina of more than 4 mm. Median age at diagnosis was 51 months (range, 0.5 to 153 months). Median follow-up was 39.5 months (range, 15 to 70 months). Median number of green diode laser photocoagulation treatments was 2 (range, 1 to 5). After laser photocoagulation, 13 (93%) of 14 eyes had no active exudation. Functionally, 4 (29%) of 14 eyes had 20/50 or better visual acuity, 3 (21%) of 14 eyes had 20/60 to 20/200 visual acuity, 5 (36%) of 14 eyes had 20/400 to light perception visual acuity, and 2 (14%) of 14 eyes had no light perception visual acuity. No eye was phthisical or enucleated. Conclusions Green diode laser therapy can be an effective treatment for advanced Coats disease, even in the presence of a moderate to severely elevated retinal detachment.
Solvent Mode Participation in the Nonradiative Relaxation of the Hydrated Electron

Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations are used to analyze the role of different solvent molecular degrees of freedom in the nonradiative relaxation of the first excited state of the hydrated electron. The relaxation occurs through a spatially diffuse multimode coupling between the adiabatic electronic states, indicating that the process cannot be described by a single-mode promotion model frequently used in the “large molecule” limit of gas phase theories. Solvent librations and vibrations, and the H 2O asymmetric stretch in particular, are found to be the most effective promotors of the electronic transition. Dissipation of the released energy to the solvent proceeds on two time scales: a fast 10-20 fs heating of the first solvation shell, where most of the energy is accepted by the librational degrees of freedom, and a several hundred femtosecond global reconstruction of the solvent as the first shell transfers its excess energy to the rest of the molecules. The implications of our use of a semiclassical approximation as the criterion for good promoting and energy dissipating modes are discussed. The majority of chemical processes involve radiationless energy transfer in one or more of their elementary steps, be it an intermolecular conversion, intramolecular relaxation, or an ordinary heating necessary to activate a reaction. The role of nonradiative processes is particularly pronounced in liquid phase chemistry, where the solvent serves as a thermal bath providing or withdrawing energy from the reacting species. During the past decade new experimental and theoretical techniques have been developed allowing for detailed dynamical studies on ultrafast processes in polar solutions. The hydrated electron, being a relatively simple as well as ubiquitous species in solution photo- and electrochemistry, represents a unique system for such studies. Because the hydrated electron is merely an extra electron in pure water, its evolution is governed solely by nuclear motions of water molecules. The instantaneous configuration of the solvent determines the Born-Oppenheimer (B-O) electronic energy spectrum. Vibrations and librations couple these electronic states, leading to nonadiabatic radiationless transitions. The electronic energy released during the transitions is accepted by specific solvent modes, and as the solvation structure approaches equilibrium, the energy is dissipated into the rest of the solvent. The present work was carried out to elucidate in detail what particular solvent motions and solvent regions have the greatest impact on these aspects of hydrated electron relaxation dynamics. This analysis represents the first such
Herpes Simplex Virus

1. Linda A. Waggoner-Fountain, MD* 2. Leigh B. Grossman, MD† 1. *Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases 2. †Professor of Pediatrics and Head, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe the epidemiology of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and the distinctive epidemiologic features of HSV type 1 and type 2. 2. Characterize the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of HSV infections in the neonate. 3. Explain the variety of clinical manifestations and methods of diagnosis of HSV infections in older children and adolescents. 4. Discuss the appropriate potential prevention and therapy of HSV infections in infants, children, and adolescents. Herpes simplex infections have various presentations, depending on the immune status, the age of the host, and the route of transmission. Herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) are enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses. The two serotypes of HSV are classified as HSV-1 and HSV-2. Infections with HSV-1 usually involve the face and skin “above the waist,” although HSV-1 also can cause genital infection. Infections with HSV-2 usually involve the genitalia and skin “below the waist” in sexually active adolescents and adults. Most HSV disease in neonates is due to HSV-2. HSV-2 also causes oral lesions in approximately 25% of the infected population. Throughout this article, we categorize HSV disease by the specific host. ### Neonatal The incidence of neonatal HSV infection is estimated at 1 per 3,000 to 20,000 live births. Between 20% and 40% of infants infected with HSV are born preterm. In the United States, approximately 75% of neonatal infections are due to HSV-2, with the remainder due to HSV-1. HSV infection develops in 33% to 50% of exposed infants born vaginally to mothers who have primary genital infection. The risk to an infant born to a mother shedding HSV as a result of reactivated infection is much lower (0 to 5%). More than 75% of infants who acquire HSV infection have been born to women who had no signs or symptoms suggestive of HSV infection before or …
ABC Triblock copolymers prepared using atom transfer radical polymerization techniques

Triblock copolymers (or, alternatively, terpolymers) of the type ABC, where A, B, and C represent distinct blocks based on different monomers, have been prepared using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) techniques. Various macroinitiators, including mono- and difunctional poly(tert-butyl acrylate), difunctional poly(styrene), and trifunctional p(St), were prepared and used for block copolymerizations with different monomers, including methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and vinylpyridine. The block copolymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography to determine chain end functionality and by 1H NMR to measure the final composition of the block copolymers. Additionally, guidelines are presented for preparing block copolymers using ATRP techniques. Topics addressed include approaches to retaining the chain end functionality, achieving a high blocking efficiency, as well as strategies to maintain control over the ATRP reaction.
ORTHOTOPIC URETHRAL SUBSTITUTION IN FEMALE PATIENTS USING THE MITROFANOFF PRINCIPLE

AbstractPurpose: We present our experience with orthotopic urethral substitution in female patients using the Mitrofanoff principle.Materials and Methods: We performed orthotopic urethral substitution using the Mitrofanoff principle in 18 female patients 1 to 29 years old (mean age 10). The conduit was constructed with appendix in 13 cases, tapered ileum in 4 and fallopian tube in 1. The etiology of incontinence included exstrophy in 8 patients, neurogenic bladder in 3, urogenital sinus in 3, and bilateral ectopic ureter, ectopic ureterocele, the prune-belly syndrome and post-cystectomy undiversion in 1 each.Results: Mean followup was 29 months (range 9 to 72). A total of 16 patients achieved continence following a program of clean intermittent catheterization. There were 2 unsuccessful operations. In 1 case the appendix become ischemic and in 1 a vesicoperineal fistula developed. One patient catheterizes every 2 hours to avoid leakage. Catheterization was temporarily difficult in 5 patients, of whom 2 ha...
Working effectively with interpreters: A model curriculum for physician assistant students

Background: Effective patient-provider communication is crucial to achieving good health care outcomes. To accomplish this with patients of limited English proficiency, learning to work effectively with interpreters is essential.Aims: The primary goal of this study was to determine if physician assistant students could effectively use interpreters to communicate with Spanish speaking patients after implementation of a cultural competency and Medical Spanish curriculum.Method: In year one of a three year implementation process, a module for teaching students to work effectively with interpreters was developed and implemented in the Wake Forest University School of Medicine Department of Physician Assistant Studies. After four hours of orientation, practice and role play, students were observed and recorded during a standardized patient assessment and evaluated by clinicians as well as by trained, bi-lingual evaluators.Results: In the Class of 2007, 94% (43 students) and in the Class of 2008, 96% (47 studen...
Chd1 is essential for the high transcriptional output and rapid growth of the mouse epiblast

The pluripotent mammalian epiblast undergoes unusually fast cell proliferation. This rapid growth is expected to generate a high transcriptional demand, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We show here that the chromatin remodeler Chd1 is required for transcriptional output and development of the mouse epiblast. Chd1−/− embryos exhibit proliferation defects and increased apoptosis, are smaller than controls by E5.5 and fail to grow, to become patterned or to gastrulate. Removal of p53 allows progression of Chd1−/− mutants only to E7.0-8.0, highlighting the crucial requirement for Chd1 during early post-implantation development. Chd1−/− embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have a self-renewal defect and a genome-wide reduction in transcriptional output at both known mRNAs and intergenic transcripts. These transcriptional defects were only uncovered when cell number-normalized approaches were used, and correlate with a lower engagement of RNAP II with transcribed genes in Chd1−/− ESCs. We further show that Chd1 directly binds to ribosomal DNA, and that both Chd1−/− epiblast cells in vivo and ESCs in vitro express significantly lower levels of ribosomal RNA. In agreement with these findings, mutant cells in vivo and in vitro exhibit smaller and more elongated nucleoli. Thus, the RNA output by both Pol I and II is reduced in Chd1−/− cells. Our data indicate that Chd1 promotes a globally elevated transcriptional output required to sustain the distinctly rapid growth of the mouse epiblast.
Physical Domestic Violence and Subsequent Contraceptive Adoption Among Women in Rural India

This study examines the relationship between male to female physical domestic violence and contraceptive adoption among women in four economically and culturally distinct areas of India. Data from India's 1998-1999 National Family Health Survey-2 and a follow-up survey in 2002-2003 for which the same women in four states were reinterviewed are analyzed. The focus of the analysis is on how baseline exposure to physical domestic violence is associated with the intersurvey adoption of contraception. Women who experience physical violence from their husbands are significantly less likely to adopt contraception in the intersurvey period, although this relationship varies by State. This study builds upon previous work by using an indicator of physical domestic violence exposure that is measured before contraceptive adoption, thus allowing the identification of how exposure to violence shapes the adoption of contraception. The results demonstrate that for women living in Bihar and Jharkhand there is a clear negative relationship between physical domestic violence and a woman's adoption of contraception; this relationship was not found for women in Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. The results point to the need to include domestic violence screening and referral services into family planning services.
The Child Report Form of the CHIP-Child Edition: reliability and validity.

Background: Valid, comprehensive instruments to describe, monitor, and evaluate health from childhood through adolescence are almost nonexistent, but are critical for health resource planning, evaluation of policy, preventive, and clinical interventions, and understanding trajectories of health during this important period of life. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to describe the development, testing, and final versions of the Parent Report Form of the Child Health and Illness Profile‐Child Edition (CHIP-CE/ PRF), designed to measure the health of children 6 to 11 years old from the caregiver perspective. Methods: Parents (N 1049) completed a version of the CHIPCE/PRF in 4 locations in the United States, either in clinic waiting rooms or their homes. They differed in race/ethnicity, socioeconomic level, and native language. Results: The Parent CHIP-CE is feasible; parents with a 5th-grade reading level complete the 76-item PRF in 20 minutes. Its domains (Satisfaction, Comfort, Risk Avoidance, Resilience, and Achievement) measure structurally distinct, interrelated aspects of health. Domain reliability is high: internal consistency 0.79 ‐ 0.88; retest reliability (ICC) 0.71‐ 0.85. Validity is supported. The scale scores are sensitive to predicted age, gender, and socioeconomic status differences in health. Conclusion: The CHIP‐Child Edition/Parent Report Form is a psychometrically sound, conceptually based measure of child health that works well in diverse populations. It produces scores that parallel those of children on the CHIP-CE/CRF and adolescents on the CHIP-AE and allows health to be consistently assessed from childhood through adolescence. It should meet many needs for describing, monitoring, and understanding child health and evaluating outcomes of interventions.
Business: The Crisis of Confidence in Professional Knowledge: Implications for Clinical Education in Speech-Language Pathology

There is a growing crisis in the confidence that society places in the professions, of which speech-language pathology is one. One symptom of this crisis is the increase in calls for more person-ce...