cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis conditions for encapsulating cytochrome c and catalase in SiO2 sol-gel materials

Abstract The encapsulation of biological molecules in sol-gel materials has led to the development of a new class of chemical and biomedical sensors. The influence of sol-gel synthesis conditions on the stability, chemical function, and enzymatic reactivity for horse heart cytochrome c and bovine liver catalase encapsulated in silica sol-gel materials was studied. The effects of synthesis pH, alcohol/alkoxide ratio, and buffer type were examined using UV-V is absorption spectroscopy for cytochrome c -doped materials and gasometric analysis for assays of catalase in gels. In general, the behavior of the proteins encapsulated in silica gels mirrored their behavior in solution suggesting that the stability limiting factor for encapsulating these biological molecules is determined by the solution stability of the protein. In the case of catalase, the results indicate that the silica gel stabilizes the encapsulated enzyme to higher methanol concentrations.
Some cytoplasmic structures in the male reproductive cells of a pseudoscorpion (Chelanops corticis)

The chondriosomes of the germinal epithelium are vesicular, whereas the Golgi material takes three forms. The aggregation of chondriosomes about the Golgi cap, located on the nucleus, suggests a chemical interchange between these in the growth period. They become cylindrical as the Golgi cap moves from the nucleus and becomes spherical. It is at this time joined by other Golgi material. The entire aggregation is dispersed previous to the maturation divisions, where the inclusions studied are only approximately equally divided, in contrast to conditions in the true scorpion, Centrurus exilicauda. Golgi granules on chondriosomal surfaces in the spermatid again suggest chemical interchange. The later changes of chondriosome vesicles to discs, and back to spheres, may be means of regulating chemical reaction. A close relation between chondriosomes and Golgi material is indicated by various bodies, of Golgi origin, within the former in the spermatid. A thick thread finally originates from among the chondriosomes of the elongated sperm. Spiral threads surrounding the elongating nucleus arise from reunited Golgi material, a derivative of this substance not previously recorded. The acrosome, also of Golgi origin, undergoes several changes in shape and shows several parts. The elongated nucleus, spiral thread of Golgi origin, acrosome, chondriosomal thread, and unusually long axial filament become coiled and encysted in an oval mature sperm capsule. In the female duct the sperm uncoils.
Aladdin: a high performance, distributed memory multiprocessor

Describes the design of the Aladdin architecture and the implementation of the prototype which Alliant Techsystems is under contract to deliver to DARPA and the Army's CCNVEO. The primary goal of the Aladdin project is to design an architecture that has high throughput and is compact, programmable, modular, reconfigurable and scalable. The architecture must be suitable for automatic target recognition (ATR) and radar processing, get flexible enough to be reconfigured for applications such as avionics processing. The architecture is demonstrated in a soupcan-sized prototype that consists of 64 320C30's with 92 MBytes of memory, and 16 Alliant Techsystems proprietary Parallel Recirculating Pipeline (PREP) chips supported by 512 KBytes of multiport memory. It has a throughput of 2 GFLOPS, 1 GOPS, 1056 MIPS, and can be programmed in Ada, C and Image Algebra. >
Response of experimental tumor systems to cryosurgery.

Abstract Cryosurgery of two experimental tumors grown in rats induced complete regression of both tumors. Rats with completely regressed tumors failed to develop transplantable tumors when challenged with a second tumor transplant. The life span of rats with intraperitoneal tumors was also prolonged by cryosurgery. If intraperitoneal tumors are implanted after cryosurgery of an axillary tumor, animals will live for at least 3 mo and sometimes for their natural life span without any evidence of intraperitoneal tumors, as opposed to control animals that will die within 8 days of intraperitoneal transplants. The finding of positive complement-fixing antibodies in some of our experimental groups is compatible with the concept that an immunological complement is involved in the rejection response induced by cryosurgery.
Mediating interpersonal expectancies via vocal cues: Differential speech intensity as a means of social influence

Differential vocal emphasis in the tape-recorded instruction reading for a standard person perception task was manipulated by mechanically raising or lowering the volume of the key words describing the success or failure response alternatives on the rating scale. In a series of three experiments, Ss exposed to success emphasis in the instructions rated the stimulus persons as more successful than did Ss exposed to failure emphasis. This trend was reversed for Ss who listened twice to the instructions. None of the Ss reported awareness of the influence attempt.
Opial type inequalities involvingfractional derivatives of two functions and applications

A large variety of very general, but basic L"p (1 < p < ~) form, Opial type inequalities [1] is established involving generalized fractional derivatives [2,3] of two functions in different orders and powers. The above rely on a generalization of Taylor's formula for generalized fractional derivatives [2]. From the developed results derive several other concrete results of special interest. The sharpness of inequalities is established there. Finally, applications of some of these special inequalities are given in establishing uniqueness of solution and in giving upper bounds to solutions of initial value problems involving a very general system of two fractional differential equations. Also, upper bounds to various fractional derivatives of the solutions that are involved in the above systems are presented.
Brain-specific protein C activation during carotid artery occlusion in humans.

Background and Purpose —Activation of plasma protein C (PC) zymogen by thrombin-thrombomodulin at the endothelial surface is an important endogenous antithrombotic mechanism. It is unknown whether activated protein C (APC) is generated in vivo in the cerebrovasculature, because there is only limited thrombomodulin expression in human brain vascular endothelium. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that carotid occlusion produces brain-specific PC activation. Methods —Blood samples were simultaneously collected from the ipsilateral internal jugular vein and radial artery before and during carotid cross-clamping and on “de-occlusion” in 8 awake patients undergoing routine carotid endarterectomy. Plasma PC zymogen and circulating APC levels were measured using enzyme immunocapture assay and expressed as percent of pooled plasma controls. Results —Internal jugular vein APC levels increased 28% exclusively during carotid occlusion and then decreased 32% with de-occlusion (F=8.1, P <0.005). PC zymogen increased only 5.9% with occlusion (F=6.3, P <0.02), consistent with hemoconcentration. There were no changes in radial artery PC or APC levels. Conclusions —These findings demonstrate brain-specific protein C activation in humans during carotid occlusion and suggest a protective role for endogenous APC generation during cerebrovascular occlusion.
Spartina alterniflora response to fertilizer, planting dates, and elevation in Galveston Bay, Texas.

Spartina alterniflora transplant response to 5 fertilizer rates, 2 planting dates, and different elevations was evaluated on sandy dredged material, Bolivar Peninsula, Texas in 1977. Survival, shoot production, and growth ofSpartina alterniflora occurred throughout the site, but survival was significantly different at low and high elevations for each date. Higher tides following the May transplant period apparently shifted the zone of best survival and growth upward as compared to the February transplant period. A zone of low survival and growth occurred at mean high water for both dates. Greater survival, shoot production, and growth ofSpartina alterniflora was achieved in the May transplanting than the February transplanting date. However, density of stems by the end of the growing season was still greater in the February planting than in May, despite lower initial survival. Plant growth in fertilized plots was not significantly different from unfertilized plots.
Ampicillin inhibits biliary cholesterol secretion

There are compounds, other than bile salts, which influence biliary lipid composition. For example, the organic anions, bilirubin, and BSP, are secreted into bile and depress biliary phospholipid and cholesterol secretion. Ampicillin is also secreted into bile, but its effects on biliary lipid secretion are unknown. Therefore we measured biliary lipid secretion before, during, and after an ampicillin infusion. We infused bile salt pool depleted rats with a constant infusion of taurocholate. After biliary lipid secretion reached a steady state, the ampicillin solution was infused in a stepwise fashion. Within minutes after starting the ampicillin, bile flow and biliary ampicillin secretion increased. Simultaneously, biliary phospholipid and cholesterol, but not bile salt, secretion decreased significantly. The calculated lithogenic index of bile decreased significantly as well. Despite doubling the ampicillin infusion, neither biliary ampicillin, phospholipid, nor cholesterol secretion changed. After discontinuation of the ampicillin, bile flow and biliary ampicillin secretion decreased, while phospholipid and cholesterol secretion returned to normal. Ampicillin dramatically influences biliary lipid composition directly. It inhibits the biliary secretion of phospholipid and cholesterol, but not bile salt, and consequently reduces the molar percentage of cholesterol in bile.
A simple liquid chromatography procedure for p-aminohippuric acid in blood serum and urine.

Abstract An extremely simple procedure for determining p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) is described based on liquid chromatographic separation followed by detection via direct electrochemical oxidation in a thin-layer cell. The detection limit for PAH is approximately 100 pg and quantitation is possible with 500 pg injected. Absolute recovery is 100% as no loss of sample occurs at any point in the assay. The precision for a 0.5 mg/ml pooled serum sample was 1.7% relative standard deviation. No deproteinization, extraction, or reagents are required. The assay procedure is highly selective for PAH and eliminates the need for nonspecific colorimetric reagents presently in use.
Implementation of a six-degree-of-freedom manual controller with passive force feedback

Force reflective controllers can be divided into two classes; active and passive with the most common being active. Active force-feedback controllers are prone to self-actuation which can generate unintended commands and may injure the user. A six-degree-of-freedom positional input device was designed and constructed that was capable of providing force-feedback passively through the use of six magnetic hysteresis brakes. Special hardware and control strategies were developed to account for some of the limitations of a passive system and the characteristics of hysteresis brakes. The force-feedback input device has been interfaced to a six-degree-of-freedom robot to perform a variety of tasks. Initial research was conducted with a peg-in-hole task. Future research is to include contour following and bead-on-wire tests. Initial results indicated that force-feedback may only be an improvement in situations where visual cues are not clear, and may actually be a hindrance when a clear line of sight exists.
Automatic Disassembly Plan Generation from CAD Assembly Models

This paper describes a methodology for the generation of disassembly sequences based on CAD assembly models. The components geometry and their mating information are derived from the CAD model and the disassembly scheme is evaluated using surface mesh representations of the components. The algorithm entails determining pair-wise contact interactions between components and generation of feasible path transformations that enable disassociation of the interacting components. The physical interactions of the bodies are determined using standard contact algorithms between meshed bodies. For each pair of bodies, one component is considered the target body and the other the contactor. The disassembly direction between interfering components is the result of minimizing a penetration function that describes the interference between the components using a ray-triangle intersection test. A feasible disassembly direction has the interference between the components to be zero when the contactor is moved along the disassembly direction. A part is considered "disassembled" when it is outside the bounding box of the product assembly. Simple verification examples are presented to illustrate the methodology.
Intimate Partner Violence and Social Isolation Across the Rural/Urban Divide

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive social problem that affects victims, families, and communities. Beginning with the acknowledgment of this phenomenon as a social problem, investigations have attempted to answer questions regarding the extent, prevalence, and the possible contributing social and psychological factors that influence this behavior. This study proposes an approach to the problem of IPV based on a unifying concept: social isolation. The authors argue that the utility of the concept of social isolation lies in its ability to encapsulate critical social-structural and social-psychological correlates of IPV. The main objective of the study is to examine the extent to which the role of social isolation in predicting IPV varies by urban/rural context. Measures of key variables were obtained from Waves 1 and 2 of the National Survey of Families and Households and the 1990 census. Results of multivariate analyses indicate that only some measures of social support (isolation) are statistically significant and only for families within rural (nonmetropolitan) counties.
Wave–Vortex Interactions in Fluids and Superfluids

This article reviews the methods of wave–mean interaction theory for classical fluid dynamics, and for geophysical fluid dynamics in particular, providing a few examples for illustration. It attempts to bring the relevant equations into their simplest possible form, which highlights the organizing role of the circulation theorem in the theory. This is juxtaposed with a simple account of superfluid dynamics and the attendant wave–vortex interactions as they arise in the nonlinear Schrodinger equation. Here the fundamental physical situation is more complex than in the geophysical case, and the current mathematical understanding is more tentative. Classical interaction theory might be put to good use in the theoretical and numerical study of quantum fluid dynamics.
Parallel verlet neighbor list algorithm for GPU-optimized MD simulations

Understanding protein and RNA biomolecular folding and assembly processes have important applications because misfolding is associated with diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. However, simulating biologically relevant biomolecules on timescales that correspond to biological functions is an extraordinary challenge due to bottlenecks that are mainly involved in force calculations. We briefly review the molecular dynamics (MD) algorithm and highlight the main bottlenecks, which involve the calculation of the forces that interact between its substituent particles. We then present new GPU-specific performance optimization techniques for MD simulations, including 1) a parallel Verlet Neighbor List algorithm that is readily implemented using the CUDPP library and 2) a bitwise shift type compression algorithm that decreases data transfer with GPUs. We also evaluate the single vs. double precision implementation of our MD simulation code using well-established biophysical metrics, and we observe negligible differences. The GPU performance optimizations are applied to coarse-grained MD simulations of the ribosome, a protein-RNA molecular machine for protein synthesis composed of 10,219 residues and nucleotides. We observe a size-dependent speedup of 30x of the GPU-optimized MD simulation code on a single GPU over the single core CPU-optimized approach for the full 70s ribosome when all optimizations are taken into account.
Regulation of In Situ Skeletal Muscle Arteriolar Tone: Interactions Between Two Parameters

Objective:The growing understanding of the complexity of mechanisms regulating arteriolar tone demands that a systematic determination of how these processes interact to alter diameter be undertaken. This study examined how five mediators of skeletal muscle distal arteriolar tone [adenosine concentration, oxygen content, α-adrenergic activation (norepinephrine), intravascular pressure and wall shear rate], taken two parameters at a time, interact to regulate vessel diameter. Methods:The reactivity of distal arterioles of in siturat cremaster muscle after alterations in each of the above mediators was assessed. In addition, arteriolar responses to all two-parameter combinations were evaluated to determine the effect of altered environment on vascular reactivity to stimuli. Results:Arteriolar dilation to adenosine was unaltered by changes in other parameters. In contrast, wall shear rate-induced arteriolar dilation was impaired by 60–88% after increases in the other parameters. Myogenic reactivity was reduc...
Nitrogen Metabolism in Plants

Although plants or plant parts can be cultured on various organic nitrogen forms, particularly amino acids, under natural conditions the majority of plants depend upon inorganic nitrogen sources. Exceptions to this may be various parasitic and semi-parasitic plants which may be provided with organic nitrogenous nutrients of host origin, and insectivorous plants which partially satisfy their nitrogen demands by utilizing organic nitrogen constituents released by lysis of trapped insects.
The role of litter in an old-field community: impact of litter quantity in different seasons on plant species richness and abundance.

We studied the effect of removing and adding plant litter in different seasons on biomass, density, and species richness in a Solidago dominated old-field community in New Jersey, USA. We removed all the naturally accumulated plant litter in November (658 g/m2) and in May (856 g/m2) and doubled the amount of litter in November and May in replicated plots (1 m2). An equal number of plots were left as controls. Litter removal and addition had little impact on total plant biomass or individual species biomass in the growing season following the manipulations. Litter removal, however, significantly increased plant densities but this varied depending upon the season of litter removal, species, and life history type. Specifically, the fall litter removal had a much greater impact than the spring litter removal suggesting that litter has its greatest impact after plant senescence in the fall and prior to major periods of early plant growth in spring. Annual species showed the greatest response, especially early in the growing season. Both spring and fall litter removal significantly increased species richness throughout the study. Litter additions in both spring and fall reduced both plant densities and species richness in June, but these differences disappeared near the end of the growing season in September. We concluded than in productive communities where litter accumulation may be substantial, litter may promote low species richness and plant density. This explanation does not invoke resource competition for the decline in species richness. Finally, we hypothesize that there may be broad thresholds of litter accumulation in different community types that may act to either increase or decrease plant yield and diversity.
Links between Family Social Status and Preschoolers' Persistence: The Role of Maternal Values and Quality of Parenting

Children who develop persistence in the preschool years are likely to function more effectively during the transition into school. In this study of 231 3-year-old children and their mothers, we examined the relations among family social status, maternal values of self-direction, quality of parenting, and children's persistence in challenging tasks. Results of structural equation modelling path analysis indicated that family social status was related to maternal values of self-direction, which in turn were associated with the quality of maternal cognitive stimulation and emotional support and child persistence at preschool age. Family social status and maternal values were indirectly related to child persistence through emotional support. Focusing on parental values of self-direction and provision of support during challenging tasks may help to reduce the gap in school success between children from lower and higher social status families.
Infectious replicative intermediate of poliovirus: purification and characterization.

Abstract The “replicative intermediate” of poliovirus has been purified from infected HeLa cells. Results of physicochemical analyses are consistent with the previously suggested structural model, viz., a branched molecule containing nascent single strands associated with double-stranded cores. Each molecule appears to contain several nascent strands and, therefore, several growing points. The native material is intrinsically infectious, in contrast to the replicative intermediates of RNA-containing bacteriophages.
Calibration and Validation of a Regional Climate Model for Pan-Arctic Hydrologic Simulation

Abstract A number of polar datasets have recently been released involving in situ measurements, satellite retrievals, and reanalysis output that provide new opportunities to evaluate regional climate in the Arctic. These data have been used to assess a 1-yr pan-Arctic simulation (October 1985–September 1986) performed by a version of the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU–NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) that incorporated the NCAR land surface model (LSM) and a simple thermodynamic sea ice model to investigate interactions between the land surface and atmosphere. The model's standard cloud scheme using relative humidity was replaced by one using simulated cloud liquid water and ice water after a set of short test simulations revealed excessive cloud cover. Model validation concentrates on factors relevant to the water cycle: atmospheric circulation, temperature, surface radiation fluxes, precipitation, and runoff. The model captures general patterns of ...
Melanoma and non-Melanoma Skin Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients following Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Inhibitor Monotherapy and in Combination with Thiopurines: Analysis of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Reports have shown an increased risk of melanoma skin cancer (MSC) with exposure to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) with thiopurine exposure in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) we sought to evaluate the odds of developing MSC and NMSC for patients on TNF-α inhibitors as monotherapy and in combination therapy with thiopurines and/or steroids. METHODS: The FAERS was queried for reports between January 2003 and June 2012. A proportional reporting ratio (PRR) metric analyses was performed on the data to determine the odds of developing MSC and NMSC. RESULTS: The PRR analysis showed increased odds of developing MSC and NMSC for patients on a TNF-α inhibitor (p-value = 0.035 and p-value = 0.03, respectively) and those on a TNF-α inhibitor in combination with a thiopurine (p-value < 0.001 and p-value < 0.001). CONCLUSION: TNF-α inhibitor monotherapy or use with concomitant thiopurines in patients with IBD is associated with higher odds of developing MSC and NMSC.
Etheno-Substituted Nucleotides and Coenzymes: Fluorescence and Biological Activity

AbstractDefinition of the individual adenine binding sites of enzymes is important for many reasons. Rendering an adenine moiety fluorescent while retaining the biological activity of the molecule of which it is a component can provide useful binding information because of the fluorescence properties. The 1,N6-ethenoadenosine phosphates and, similarly, e-modified polynucleotides, RNA, and DNA have been synthesized, and their spectroscopic properties and interactions have been studied in depth. The use of e-substituted nucleotides has helped to clarify numerous enzyme reactions, including those of ATPase and energy transfer, ATP transphosphorylase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, phosphorylase b, protein kinase, pyruvate kinase, ribonucleases, RNA ligase, and others. The binding of e-substituted nucleotides or polynucleotides to proteins has been determined for F- and G-actin, heavy meromyosin, tobacco mosaic virus protein, gene 32 protein of bacteriophage T4, and chloroplast...
Comparisons of Ribosomal Protein Gene Promoters Indicate Superiority of Heterologous Regulatory Sequences for Expressing Transgenes in Phytophthora infestans

Molecular genetics approaches in Phytophthora research can be hampered by the limited number of known constitutive promoters for expressing transgenes and the instability of transgene activity. We have therefore characterized genes encoding the cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins of Phytophthora and studied their suitability for expressing transgenes in P. infestans. Phytophthora spp. encode a standard complement of 79 cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins. Several genes are duplicated, and two appear to be pseudogenes. Half of the genes are expressed at similar levels during all stages of asexual development, and we discovered that the majority share a novel promoter motif named the PhRiboBox. This sequence is enriched in genes associated with transcription, translation, and DNA replication, including tRNA and rRNA biogenesis. Promoters from the three P. infestans genes encoding ribosomal proteins S9, L10, and L23 and their orthologs from P. capsici were tested for their ability to drive transgenes in stable transformants of P. infestans. Five of the six promoters yielded strong expression of a GUS reporter, but the stability of expression was higher using the P. capsici promoters. With the RPS9 and RPL10 promoters of P. infestans, about half of transformants stopped making GUS over two years of culture, while their P. capsici orthologs conferred stable expression. Since cross-talk between native and transgene loci may trigger gene silencing, we encourage the use of heterologous promoters in transformation studies.
EXPERIMENTS ON PARITY NONCONSERVATION IN NUCLEAR FORCES. III. GAMMA TRANSITIONS IN $sup 180$Hf, $sup 159$Tb, $sup 181$Ta, $sup 203$Tl, and $sup 182$W.

We have further studied the parity admixtures in nuclear $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ transitions by measuring the circular polarization of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays from five nuclei with a technique different from that of our work I and II in this series. The experiments were performed with a forward-scattering rapidly reversing Compton polarimeter and a phase-sensitive detection system. The analyzing efficiency of the Compton polarimeter, including effects of multiple scattering, was determined by Monte Carlo calculations. It was necessary in most experiments to apply corrections for polarized bremsstrahlung associated with $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decays. Calculations of bremsstrahlung effects were verified by experiments on $^{198}\mathrm{Au}$ and $^{177}\mathrm{Lu}$. The residual asymmetry of the polarimeter itself was determined by control experiments on $^{103}\mathrm{Ru}$. The values of ${P}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ obtained were $^{180}\mathrm{Hf}$ 501 keV, ${P}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}=(\ensuremath{-}23\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$; $^{159}\mathrm{Tb}$ 363 keV, ${P}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}=(\ensuremath{-}1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$; $^{203}\mathrm{Tl}$ 279 keV, ${P}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}=(\ensuremath{-}0.04\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$; $^{181}\mathrm{Ta}$ 482 keV, ${P}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}=(\ensuremath{-}0.031\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.025)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$; $^{182}\mathrm{W}$ 1189 keV, ${P}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}=(\ensuremath{-}0.25\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.40)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$. A survey and a discussion of these results is presented.
Urodynamic evaluation of the patient with an imperforate anus: a prospective study.

AbstractProspective urodynamic evaluation of 14 patients with an imperforate anus revealed detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in 4. Subsequent contrast voiding cystourethrograms demonstrated radio-graphic changes in all 4 cases, consisting of bladder trabeculation, new onset of vesicoureteral reflux or hydroureteronephrosis. Of the 4 patients 3 had a high (supralevator) imperforate anus, while 1 had a low (infralevator) lesion. Two patients had bony vertebral abnormalities and 2 had normal plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging of the spine. Therefore, early urodynamic study is recommended for all patients with an imperforate anus and it should complement neonatal uroradiographic evaluation. The finding of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia should alert the urologist to the need for adjunctive management.
Development of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Several Host Fruit

Anastrepha ludens (Loew) developmental time and egg clutch size were determined in grapefruit ( Citrus paradisi Mad.), orange ( Citrus sinensis Osbeck), mango ( Mangifera indica L.), and peach ( Prunus persica L.), and the suitability of citrus was determined for A. ludens development to adulthood in the laboratory. Developmental time for immature stages of A. ludens varied with host fruit species. Egg incubation required 3.8, 4.3, 4.6, and 3.8 d, and larvae developed in 27.4, 29.7, 22.3, and 10.3 d in grapefruit, orange, mango, and peach, respectively. Pupae developed in 17.1, 13.7, 14.2, and 13.0 d in the fruit mentioned above, respectively. Larger egg clutches were oviposited in peach than in the other tested fruit. Suitability of citrus for development of A. ludens immatures varied with fruit species and varieties. ‘Marsh’ and ‘Ruby Red’ grapefruit were more suitable for A. ludens immatures development than ‘Valencia’ orange. Peach susceptibility to A. ludens increased as the ripening process advanced. The egg clutch size and development of immature A. ludens are thought to be related to pulp compactness, albedo thickness in citrus, and resistance of rind to penetration.
Challenges in Deriving Greenhouse Gas Concentrations from Hyperspectral Thermal Sounders: Status of the NOAA Trace Gas Products from AIRS, IASI and CrIS

We present measurements of mid-tropospheric atmospheric carbon derived from the Aqua Atmospheric Infrared Sounder and the EUMETSAT Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer and inter-comparisons with NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory/Global Monitoring Division CarbonTracker assimilation system.
Temperature and exposure dependence of hybrid organic-inorganic layer formation by sequential vapor infiltration into polymer fibers.

The characteristic processing behavior for growth of a conformal nanoscale hybrid organic–inorganic modification to polyamide 6 (PA6) by sequential vapor infiltration (SVI) is demonstrated. The SVI process is a materials growth technique by which exposure of organometallic vapors to a polymeric material promotes the formation of a hybrid organic–inorganic modification at the near surface region of the polymer. This work investigates the SVI exposure temperature and cycling times of sequential exposures of trimethylaluminum (TMA) on PA6 fiber mats. The result of TMA exposure is the preferential subsurface organic–inorganic growth by diffusion into the polymer and reaction with the carbonyl in PA6. Mass gain, infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analysis indicate enhanced materials growth and uniformity at lower processing temperatures. The inverse relationship between mass gain and exposure temperature is explained by the formation of a hybrid layer that prevents the diffusion of TMA...
BESS for Wind Power“Peak Shaving”Control and Capacity Configuration

In order to reduce the peak-to-valley D-value of hour-level wind power output power,and lower the negative impacts of the intermittence and fluctuation of the wind power on power grid,a wind power peak-shaving control strategy was proposed according to the hour-level wind power output instruction based on the short-term wind power forecast technology;the battery energy storage system(BESS) was used to lower the hour-level valley-to-peak difference of wind power,and the wind power fluctuation of the synthesized storage wind power output in every time scale was restricted within a certain limit of bandwidth.The paper put forward a normal distribution-based energy storage power calculation method and a BESS-based optimization control strategy,analyzed the relationship between the part peak-shaving control strategy by BESS and the energy storage capacity Simulation results proved that the energy storage capacity configuration was valid and feasible under such control strategy.
The Discussion of Dilution Method in Children using Chemiluminescent Immunoassay

Objective:To address the problem of undersampling in child chemiluminescene immunoassay by investigating the influence of dilution medium and method on detection of serum triiodothyronine(Total T3) concentration.Methods:Serum triiodothyronine(Total T3) concentration,a routinely screened indicator in children physical examinations,was tested.Serum samples were collected from 30 children.UniCel DXI800 appliance produced by Beckman Coulter Inc was used to test the concentration of serum triiodothyronine as diluted two and four times by Access Total T3 Calibrators S0(TT3S0),0.9 % sodium chloride injection,and sterile water for injection respectively.By comparing the concentration test results before and after dilution,the matrix effect on test results was investigated.Based on the experimental results,the workable diluents and dilution multiples can be identified to be applied in medical tests.Results:Paired t-tests between before-and after-dilution groups showed that the difference is statistically insignificant in samples diluted by TT3S0 two times(t=0.7937,P0.05),TT3S0 four times dilution(t=-0.2503,P0.05),and sterile water two times dilution(t=-0.2845,P0.05).The difference is statistically significant in samples diluted by 0.9 %sodium chloride injection two times(t=-6.4686,P0.05),0.9 %sodium chloride injection four times(t=-3.9842,P0.05) and sterile water four times(t=-1.9957,P0.05).Conclusion:TT3S0 two times and four times dilution,as well as sterile water two times dilution can work as satisfactory dilution method.TT3S0 can be diluted 2 or 4 times to be applied as dilution medium.When it is difficult to get access to the above dilution medium,sterile water two times dilution can also be used.
Detailed Caliceal Anatomy for Endourology

AbstractA thorough understanding of caliceal anatomy is required to interpret excretory urograms and to perform safely endourological manipulations. Caliceal angles, posterior rotation of the lateral renal margin and caliceal placement in relation to the lateral aspect of the body were studied in 26 right and 24 left kidneys. Differences between kidneys found to be Brodel’s types from those of the Hodson type, and the significance of these findings for performing nephrostolithotomy are described.
Undoing page curl distortion using applicable surfaces

This work is concerned with the reconstruction of the flat state of a curled document or book page when captured face up by a camera. It is reconstructed with the support of sparse depth measurements of its surface. A novel method based on physical modeling of paper deformation with an applicable surface is proposed and a relaxation algorithm is described that allows us to fit this model and unroll it to a plane so as to produce the undistorted document. Some very promising results are shown that confirm that the use of applicable surfaces is the right way to address this problem.
Effects of fatigue on the mechanical characteristics of highly skilled female runners

The purpose of this investigation was to identify and describe selected mechanical characteristics associated with fatigue in highly skilled female runners participating in a 440-yd run.
KEBIASAAN DAN KUALITAS SARAPAN PADA SISWI REMAJA DI KABUPATEN BOGOR

ABSTRACTThe study aimed to describe breakfast habit among teenage girls of vocational high school Bogor. A cross-sectional study was conducted and was involving 68 students 14—18 years old from SMK Pelita Ciampea, Bogor District. Breakfast consumption was collected by a 7-day food records. The result showed that there were 45.6% schoolgirls having breakfast regularly. Breakfast frequency per week was associated with BMI and anaemic status (p<0.05). The subject mostly explained that breakfast is eat in the morning. Subjects explained more that breakfast have benefit, consist of a solid food and beverage, and in a medium portion. Types of good food for breakfast were bread and milk. Mother should prepare food for breakfast and it should be done at home before leaving house. The schoolgirls having a good quality breakfast consumed rice, bread, fruit, and milk; and those are having a low quality breakfast consume sweet tea and snack. Mother education and occupation, parents income, and number of family member are significantly related to habitual breakfast (p<0.05). There is significantly association between habitual breakfast and breakfast quality (r=0.539, p<0.05).Key words: breakfast, concept, quality, schoolgirlsABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kebiasaan sarapan pada remaja siswi sekolah menengah kejuruan Bogor. Desain cross-sectional digunakan dengan subjek 68 siswi berusia 14—18 tahun dari SMK Pelita Ciampea, Kabupaten Bogor. Konsumsi sarapan dikumpulkan dengan food record selama 7 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 45.6% remaja siswi biasa sarapan setiap hari. Frekuensi sarapan dalam satu minggu berhubungan dengan IMT dan status anemia (p<0.05). Seluruh subjek mendefinisikan sarapan sebagai makan di pagi hari. Selebihnya subjek menjelaskan bahwa sarapan akan bermanfaat, terdiri dari makanan padat dan minuman, dan porsi sedang. Makanan saat sarapan yang baik adalah roti dan susu. Ibu sebaiknya menyiapkan makanan untuk sarapan dan sarapan dilakukan di rumah sebelum memulai aktivitas di luar rumah. Siswi dengan dengan kategori kualitas sarapan baik mengonsumsi nasi, roti, buah, dan susu sedangkan yang kualitas sarapan tidak baik lebih banyak minum teh manis dan jajanan. Pendidikan dan pekerjaan ibu, pendapatan orang tua, dan besar keluarga berhubungan dengan kebiasaan sarapan (p<0.05). Terdapat hubungan positif antara kebiasaan sarapan dengan kualitas sarapan (r=0.539, p<0.05).Kata kunci: konsep, kualitas, sarapan, siswi remaja
Examining potential mechanisms underlying the Wikipedia gender gap through a collaborative editing task

Abstract Research has identified a significant gender gap on the online encyclopedia, Wikipedia. The current research used a mixed experimental (type of feedback) and quasi-experimental (gender) design to examine the editing behaviors of college students during a public, collaborative editing task to identify potential factors underlying the Wikipedia gender gap. Overall, women edited more than men. However, in the editing condition most akin to Wikipedia, wherein female peer editors were underrepresented in the essay edits and feedback from peers was neutral, men trended towards adding more content than woman. Women added more content than men in this male-dominated essay condition when peer editors modeled constructive feedback. Although the type of edits from peer editors was counterbalanced, participants typically viewed an anonymous peer editor as male. Women viewed the anonymous editor as more critical of the participant's own work when compared with a gender-neutral peer editor. These results suggest that visible female editors on Wikipedia and broader encouragement of the use of constructive feedback may begin to alleviate the Wikipedia gender gap. Furthermore, the relatively high proportion of anonymous editors may exacerbate the Wikipedia gender gap, as anonymity may often be perceived as male and more critical.
Comparison of ring resonator and Mach-Zehnder photonic switches integrated with digital CMOS drivers

We report a low-power silicon photonic ring-resonator switch integrated with a CMOS driver that achieves sub 3.5-ns transition times, below −20-dB crosstalk, and ∼1-mW combined switch and driver power consumption. Results are compared to non-resonant Mach-Zehnder based switches.
Cyber-Empathic Design: A Data Driven Framework for Product Design

This item includes six files: two text files that contain datasets, two Microsoft Excel files with multiple worksheets, a "read me" file and an HTML file that redirects to the publisher page for the journal article. Please note that a program like Liquid Studio 2017 or similar is necessary to open the two large .txt files of data.
Corporate Social Responsibility and the Portrayal of Minority Groups in Advertising

The portrayal of racial and ethnic minority groups in advertising is an important issue that has implications for both business and society. Both expectancy theory and cultivation theory suggest negative impacts of repeated exposure to stereotypes in the media or advertising. At a societal level, integrated CSR communications should portray minority groups in a variety of contexts that allow both members of the minority group and the society at large to have a less stereotyped and more complete view of the minority group. The extant research suggests that significant progress has been made in terms of the frequency of appearances of various minority groups in ads as well as some improvements in the types of portrayals shown. As a result, recent studies have shifted to issues such as the prominence of portrayed characters and the types of roles and settings that minorities are featured in. The authors conclude that integrated CSR communications should strive to give more complete and varied portrayals of minority groups rather than relying on stereotypes that potentially decrease the effectiveness of advertisements and risk significant social consequences.
Funding quality pre-kindergarten slots with Philadelphia's new 'sugary drink tax': simulating effects of using an excise tax to address a social determinant of health.

Objective Philadelphia passed a 1·5-cent-per-ounce sweetened beverage tax (SBT). Revenue will fund 10 000 quality pre-kindergarten slots for poor children. It is imperative to understand how revenue from SBT can be used to fund programmes to address education and other social determinants of health. The objective of the present study was to simulate quality pre-kindergarten attendance, educational achievement and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among Philadelphia children and adolescents under six intervention scenarios: (i) no intervention; (ii) 10 000 additional quality pre-kindergarten slots; (iii) a 1·5-cent-per-ounce SBT; (iv) expanded pre-kindergarten and 1·5-cent-per-ounce SBT; (v) a 3-cent-per-ounce SBT; and (vi) expanded pre-kindergarten and 3-cent-per-ounce SBT. Design We used an agent-based model to estimate pre-kindergarten enrolment, educational achievement and SSB consumption under the six policy scenarios. We identified key parameters in the model from the published literature and secondary analyses of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics – Child Development Supplement. Setting Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Subjects Philadelphia children and adolescents aged 4–18 years. Results A 1·5-cents-per-ounce tax would reduce SSB consumption by 1·3 drinks/week among Philadelphia children and adolescents relative to no intervention, with larger effects among children below the poverty level. Quality pre-kindergarten expansion magnifies the effect of the SBT by 8 %, but has the largest effect on moderate-income children just above the poverty level. The SBT and quality pre-kindergarten programme each reduce SSB consumption, but primarily benefit different children and adolescents. Conclusions Pairing an excise tax with a complementary programme to improve a social determinant of health represents a progressive strategy to combat obesity, a disease regressive in its social patterning.
Modeling Community Discharge of Medicaid Nursing Home Residents: Implications for Money Follows the Person.

Objective To build and test a model that predicts community discharge probabilities for Medicaid-eligible nursing home (NH) residents who remain in the nursing home at 90 days after admission and, thus, would be candidates for the Money Follows the Person (MFP) program. Data Source The Minimum Data Set, Medicaid Management Information Systems, and Minnesota Vital Statistics file. Data Cohort of 33, 590 nursing home stays that qualified for Medicaid by the 90th day of their stay from 383 Minnesota nursing homes from July 2011 to June 2013. Study Design Mixed effects logistic regression model to predict community discharge. Principal Findings The scoring system had a high level of accuracy in predicting community discharge for both the fitting and validation cohorts. Subpopulations with severe mental illness or intellectual disability were well represented across the entire score range. Conclusions Findings are being applied in the Minnesota's MFP initiative (Moving Home Minnesota) to target Medicaid-eligible NH residents for transitioning to the community. This approach could be applied to MFP in other states.
Antibiotic Use and the Demise of Husbandry

Numerous ethical issues have emerged from the industrialization of animal agriculture. Those issues ultimately rest in large measure upon overuse of antibiotics. How this has occurred is discussed in detail in this paper.
Sources of interest cost savings realized through state bond banking: A case of market segmentation

A recent study found state bond bank participants continually realize considerable interest cost savings. Savings were calculated as differences in interest costs of bond bank loans and the bond offerings participants would have sold as alternatives to loans, (alternative market offerings). The present evaluation determines the sources of the savings. Savings are generated by not only differences in issue characteristics of bond bank issues and alternative market offerings, but also differential impacts of the same market forces and institutional factors on the interest costs of both types of sales. These findings verify that bond bank issues and alternative market offerings sell in different sub-markets, and confirm municipal bond market segmentation.
Evaluate action primitives for human activity recognition using unsupervised learning approach

Smartphones and wearable devices are in the frontlines when it comes to the field of Human Activity Recognition (HAR). There have been numerous attempts to use motion sensors in smartphones and wearables to recognize human activity. Most of these studies apply supervised learning techniques, which requires them to use labeled datasets. In this work, we take a sample of these labels, or action primitives (sit, stand, run, walk, jump, lie down), and evaluate them against the resulting labels of several clustering algorithms. We built two datasets (labeled and unlabeled) using accelerometer, gyroscope, and pedometer readings from two fixed-position devices, a smartphone in the side pocket, and a smartwatch strapped onto the left-hand wrist. Ultimately, we want to determine whether these action primitives commonly used in HAR are optimal, and suggest a better set of primitives if not.