cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
X-ray-photoemission-spectroscopy study of the electronic structure of Am metal and AmHx (for x

In order to test the proposal that the anomalous valence-level photemission spectrum of Am results from a divalent (5${\mathit{f}}^{7}$) surface layer, we have performed variable-takeoff-angle experiments on the metal. 4f spectra obtained at 10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 85\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} off normal showed no significant difference in the intensity of the 5${\mathit{f}}^{7}$ (i.e., f-screened) satellite, which is not consistent with an electronically altered surface. Core and valence spectra of a hydrided sample were also obtained for comparison. Pronounced differences in the 5f-derived multiplet manifold were evident, and suggest that alternate screening channels are responsible for the additional features in the metal spectrum. Differences in the metal and hydride 4f peak shapes and satellite intensities are discussed.
Probabilistic guarantees for rendezvous under noisy measurements

This paper studies the performance of consensus-based rendezvous algorithms when the agent location measurements are subject to noise. In our previous work [1] we provided worst-case bounds on the convergence radius in the case of noisy location estimates. Even though worst-case results are tight, they are conservative. The aim of this paper is thus to investigate typical realizations of consensus-based rendezvous algorithms. We show that while the expected value of the convergence radius is finite, it is bounded by the noise covariance.We also show that there is a natural trade-off between the speed of convergence and the radius of convergence to rendezvous. The results are illustrated with simulations.
Salesforce compensation plans: An individual-level analysis

A series of recent analytic papers have investigated the issue of how to compensate a salesforce using either the agency theory paradigm or transaction cost analysis. Similarly other more descriptive investigations have led to practical guidelines for managing compensation plans. These two approaches are difficult to reconcile since there is no direct mapping between the more managerially relevant independent variables used in the descriptive literature and the more abstract variables used in the analytic frameworks. While several empirical studies have focused on the predictions of the analytical frameworks, in this paper we test the guidelines provided in the descriptive literature, as in Smyth. Our study is unique in that it uses cross-sectional data at the individual level in relating the effect of various independent variables to salesperson-specific compensation plans. Although our results support many of the guidelines suggested by Smyth, we do not find support for his guidelines that the proportion of incentive pay should decrease if the company places more reliance on advertising or if the company has a quality advantage over its competitors. We use the agency theory framework to rationalize our findings with respect to reliance on advertising and existence of quality advantage as it effects the proportion of incentive pay. Finally, we find support for a number of the agency and transaction cost analysis variables such as uncertainty and salesperson efficiency.
The United States Pediatric Vaccine Stockpile Program

The initial goal of the national vaccine stockpile program was to establish a 6-month supply of all recommended childhood vaccines, to meet national demands if a manufacturing process was interrupted. When the first vaccine stockpiles were created in 1983, the childhood immunization schedule was much less complicated than it is today, and the first stockpiles included only measles-mumps-rubella, poliovirus, and pertussis vaccines, as well as diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. However, today's vaccine needs are much greater, and current stockpiles do not include all recommended childhood vaccines, partially because inclusion of vaccines that are universally recommended, fully implemented, and produced by a single manufacturer has been made a priority. Future planning must also consider substantially higher vaccine costs, the development of new combination vaccines, a wide range of production times, and changes in immunization recommendations. Expansion and strengthening of the national vaccine stockpile program are critical to protect against future disruptions in vaccine supply.
Microwave accelerated preparation of aryl 2-(N,N-diethylamino)ethyl ethers

Abstract A simple and expedient method for the preparation of the ubiquitous 2-(N,N-diethlamino)ethyl aryl ether moiety using a conventional microwave oven has been developed. The reactions are performed with pulsed microwave irradiation, to produce gram quantities of ethers in good yields.
Genre ecologies: an open-system approach to understanding and constructing documentation

Arguing that current approaches to understanding and constructing computer documentation are based on the flawed assumption that documentation works as a closed system, the authors present an alternative way of thinking about the texts that make computer technologies usable for people. Using two historical case studies, the authors describe how a genre ecologies framework provides new insights into the complex ways that people use texts to make sense of computer technologies. The framework is designed to help researchers and documentors account for contingency, decentralization, and stability in the multiple texts the people use while working with computers. The authors conclude by proposing three heuristic tools to support the work of technical communicators engaged in developing documentation today: exploratory questions, genre ecology diagrams, and organic engineering.
Anzother look at box-jenkins forecasting procedures

In this note we discuss the non-existence of the random shock representation for ARIMA models and its implication on Box-Jenkins forecasting procedures. We mention briefly several alternatives.
Single and reciprocal friction testing of micropatterned surfaces for orthopedic device design.

The use of micropatterning to create uniform surface morphologies has been cited as yielding improvements in the coefficient of friction during high velocity sliding contact. Studies have not been preformed to determine if these micropatterns could also be useful in biomedical applications, such as total joint replacement surfaces, where the lower sliding velocities are used. In addition, other factors such as lubricant viscosities and materials used are more tightly constrained. In this study, the effect of pattern geometry, feature size and lubricant on contact friction and surface damage was investigated using 316L steel in sliding contact with a stainless steel and polyethylene pins. Using a novel proprietary forming process that creates millions of microstructures in parallel, a variety of micropatterned surfaces were fabricated to study the influence of shape (oval, circular, square), geometry (depressions, pillars) and feature size (10, 50 and 100 mm) on both contact friction and surface damage. All samples were 316L stainless steel and the static and dynamic coefficients of friction when in contact with either a stainless steel or polyethylene counterface were measured in dry and lubricated conditions. All samples were characterized for surface uniformity and pattern aspect ratio using white light interferometry and optical microscope image analysis, and the coefficients of friction were measured for each surface/lubricant/pin system using a CETR scratch testing system. Results showed that round depressions with diameters of 10 μm had a significantly lower steady state coefficient of friction than the non-patterned substrates or substrates with greater diameter depression patterns. In addition, our results showed that the single-pass coefficient of friction measurements were not good predictors of the steady state coefficient of friction values measured.
Multiple percolation tunneling staircase in metal-semiconductor nanoparticle composites

Multiple percolation transitions are observed in a binary system of RuO2-CaCu3Ti4O12 metal-semiconductor nanoparticle composites near percolation thresholds. Apart from a classical percolation transition, associated with the appearance of a continuous conductance path through RuO2 metal oxide nanoparticles, at least two additional tunneling percolation transitions are detected in this composite system. Such behavior is consistent with the recently emerged picture of a quantum conductivity staircase, which predicts several percolation tunneling thresholds in a system with a hierarchy of local tunneling conductance, due to various degrees of proximity of adjacent conducting particles distributed in an insulating matrix. Here, we investigate a different type of percolation tunneling staircase, associated with a more complex conductive and insulating particle microstructure of two types of non-spherical constituents. As tunneling is strongly temperature dependent, we use variable temperature measurements to emphasize the hierarchical nature of consecutive tunneling transitions. The critical exponents corresponding to specific tunneling percolation thresholds are found to be nonuniversal and temperature dependent.
Associations between household income, height, and BMI in contemporary US schoolchildren.

Abstract This paper evaluates the association between income and physical development in a nationally representative sample of contemporary US schoolchildren followed from kindergarten to eighth grade (average ages of 6–14). A generalized linear mixed modeling framework is used to evaluate height and body mass index (BMI) as both levels and annualized growth in a pooled sample. Contemporary US schoolchildren show income variation in height that is significant but modest at around .1 cm (in kindergarten) to .4 cm (eighth grade) increases per doubling of income. An exception is found for Hispanic children who show faster height velocity associated with higher income through childhood yielding a 1.0 cm increase per doubling of income by the eighth grade. All groups except black males show a negative relationship between income and BMI that becomes stronger with age with an average .8 kg/m2 lower BMI per doubling of income by the eighth grade. These results are robust to the inclusion of baseline anthropometric controls. The analysis suggests that higher-income US schoolchildren enter mid-adolescence as taller but with lower proportional body mass relative to their lower-income counterparts.
The impact of a multidisciplinary breast cancer center on recommendations for patient management: the University of Pennsylvania experience.

BACKGROUND Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of breast carcinoma have led to a multidisciplinary approach to management for patients with breast carcinoma. To assess the effect of this approach, the authors performed an evaluation for a cohort of patients examined in a multidisciplinary breast cancer center. METHODS An analysis was performed for the records of 75 consecutive women with 77 breast lesions examined in consultation in a multidisciplinary breast cancer center between January and June 1998. Each patient's case was evaluated by a panel consisting of a medical oncologist, surgical oncologist, radiation oncologist, pathologist, diagnostic radiologist, and, when indicated, plastic surgeon. A comprehensive history and physical examination was performed, and the relevant mammograms, pathology slides, and medical records were reviewed. Treatment recommendations made before this evaluation were compared with the consensus recommendations made by the panel. RESULTS For the 75 patients, the multidisciplinary panel disagreed with the treatment recommendations from the outside physicians in 32 cases (43%), and agreed in 41 cases (55%). Two patients (3%) had no treatment recommendation before consultation. For the 32 patients with a disagreement, the treatment recommendations were breast-conservation treatment instead of mastectomy (n = 13; 41%) or reexcision (n = 2; 6%); further workup instead of immediate definitive treatment (n = 10; 31%); treatment based on major change in diagnosis on pathology review (n = 3; 9%); addition of postmastectomy radiation treatment (n = 3; 9%); or addition of hormonal therapy (n = 1; 3%). CONCLUSIONS The multidisciplinary breast cancer evaluation program provided an integrated program in which individual patients were evaluated by a team of physicians and led to a change in treatment recommendation for 43% (32 of 75) of the patients examined. This multidisciplinary program provided important second opinions for many patients with breast carcinoma. Cancer 2001;91:1231–7. © 2001 American Cancer Society.
The 3' untranslated regions of Kamiti River virus and cell fusing agent virus originated by self-duplication

Previously, it was shown that the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of Kamiti River virus (KRV) is nearly twice as long as the 3'UTR of other flaviviruses (1208 nucleotides compared with 730 nucleotides for the longest 3'UTR of any virus in the Tick-borne encephalitis virus species). Additionally, KRV and the closely related Cell fusing agent virus (CFAV) were shown to contain two short, almost perfect repeat sequences of 67 nucleotides. However, the construction of a robust comparative nucleotide alignment has now revealed that the double-length 3'UTR and the direct repeats resulted from the virtually complete duplication of a primordial KRV 3'UTR. We also propose that the CFAV 3'UTR was derived from a KRV-like precursor sequence with a large deletion that nevertheless preserved the two direct repeat sequences. These data provide new insights into the evolution of the flavivirus 3'UTR.
Integrated fracture prediction using sequence stratigraphy within a carbonate fault damage zone, Texas, USA

Fracture deformation intensity is heterogeneous as a result of the interplay between the stratigraphic architecture and the degree of faulting. Prediction of the distribution of fractures requires careful consideration of the sequence stratigraphic framework in concert with the structural deformation process. Deformation intensity was found to vary by facies that were divided into distinct mechanical units and characterized within a sequence stratigraphic framework. Deformation was found to be more intensely developed within the transgressive systems tract (TST) versus the highstand systems tract (HST). In the HST, facies observed in the outcrop from this study had less mud, thicker cycles, and higher unconfined strength (average of 57 MPa for non-argillaceous facies). In contrast, the TST cycle sets have a higher argillaceous component and cycles are thinner. The facies have a higher mud content and lower unconfined strength (average of 49 MPa for non-argillaceous facies). The reduction in rock strength is compounded by thinner beds and increased frequency of argillaceous wackestone beds. The TST facies also affect the geometry of secondary faults, creating asperities along the fault plane that cause further deformation. Overall, the integration of facies, rock strength and mud content within a sequence stratigraphic framework provides an improved methodology for prediction of deformation within a carbonate fault damage zone.
Power and Communication

Power and communication. Broadly defined, power exists in all forms of human communication. Yes, I recognize the irony in exercising my position of power speaking today. Oftentimes, power is percei...
Effects of short‐term low intensity light on the albino rat retina. An electron microscopic study (1)

Retinas of albino rats exposed to continuous, low intensity fluorescent light for periods of 6, 12, and 18 hr display fine structural changes in both pigment epithelial cells and in the outer segments of the photoreceptor cells. Adjacent pigment epithelial cells showed wide intercellular spacing (600 to 36,000 A) and retraction of the villous processes. As the rats were exposed to increasingly longer photoperiods, the lamellated discs, which are flattened in dark-adapted retinas, became progressively more tubular.
The Story Not Told: Sex and Marriage in Pardo Bazán's "Los cirineos" and "La argolla"

This article examines how narrative strategies of indirection employed in "Los cirineos" and "La argolla" engage the reader's ethical participation in examining and questioning societal norms concerning sex and marriage. In "Los cirineos," the opposition between the moral and the immoral is broken down by the presence of what Shlomith Rimmon Kenan has called "doubly-directed clues," resulting in mutu- ally exclusive readings of the text that exemplify C. Namwali Serpell's concept of oscillating narration. In "La argolla," the sexual content of a proposition is suggested rather than stated due to what Robyn Warhol has defined as its "antinarratable" nature, but it is revealed through what Gerald Prince has called "disnarrated" statements of negative possibility. In addition, the ultimate triumph of honor over dishonor in "La argolla" is undercut by a chain of associations linking the plural definition of words. In both of these short stories, the reader is obligated to mentally construct what is left untold, and in the process, is encouraged to explore beyond the limits of society's fixed standards.
Very-low-temperature specific heat of quinolinium ( TCNQ ) 2 , a random-exchange Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain

Measurements of the specific heat of quinolinium${(\mathrm{TCNQ})}_{2}$ (quinolinium di-tetracyanoquinodimethanide) are reported for the temperature range $0.07lTl5$ K and magnetic field range $0lHl20$ kOe. The results do not fit a model in which the magnetic contribution to the specific heat ${C}_{H}$ is that of a regular antiferromagnetic chain, a quarter-filled band, or isolated magnetic impurities. A good fit to the data is obtained using the Bulaevskii model for a random-exchange Heisenberg chain with a density of states having the form $\ensuremath{\rho}(\ensuremath{\epsilon})=A{k}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}1}{|\ensuremath{\epsilon}|}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}}$, where $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ is the quasiparticle energy and $A$ and $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ are parameters chosen to fit the data. For the sample used, a good fit is obtained using $A=(1.03\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.11)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3} {\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}1}$ and $\ensuremath{\alpha}=0.82\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01$.
Nonlinear resonant interactions in internal cavity flows

F the suggestion of Flandro and Jacobs that periodic vortex shedding from internal obstructions could produce significant oscillating pressure levels in turbulent duct flow, Culick and Magiawala, Dunlop and Brown, and Brown et at. presented a variety of results verifying the phenomenon of acoustic energy production by vortex shedding and interaction. In further investigation of some of the flow mechanisms involved in acoustic energy production by vortex shedding, Isaacson and Marshall presented measurements of oscillating velocity frequency spectra which indicated that in certain flow regimes, velocity'oscillations occur which satisfy the frequency resonant interaction. This Note presents results of bispectral cross-power measurements of trios of frequencies occurring in an internal cavity in a turbulent flow which provide additional evidence that these trios of frequencies are of quadratic interaction origin. These measurements were made in a subsonic wind tunnel which is driven by a centrifugal fan, driving air into a settling chamber which is 0.61 m on each side and 1.22 m long. The settling chamber is segmented and contains four damping screens, which act to reduce the turbulence of the flow into the test section. A converging section connects the settling chamber to the test section which is 0.178 m on each side and 2.44m long. The internal flow cavity is made up of four plexiglas restrictors, with the forward set of restrictors located 1.89 m downstream of the entrance to the test section. A schematic diagram of the flow cavity is shown in Fig. 1. For the measurements reported here, the gap between the forward pair of restrictors was 53.3 mm and the distance between the two pairs of restrictors was 101.6 mm. A TSI Model 1050 constant-temperature hot-film anemometer, together with a TSI Model 1055 linearizer, and a TSI Model 1057 signal conditioner were used for these measurements. The single sensor, located a distance of 16 mm behind the forward restrictor pair along .the flow axis of zero vertical velocity, was used to measure the velocity frequency spectrum presented in Fig. 2. The output of this sensor was also used to generate the bispectral measurements indicated in Fig. 3. The frequency spectra were obtained with a HewlettPackard Model 3590A wave analyzer and an HP Model 3594A sweeping local oscillator. The analog output of the analyzer was digitally processed with, a Hewlett-Packard Model 2240A measurement and control processor, with an HP-85 computer as the controller. The data were plotted on a Hewlett-Packard Model 7225A plotter. Note that the cavity configuration used in this experiment produces two converging, almost parallel, shear layers at the forward baffles. Kelly has shown that shear layers of this type produce instabilities of both subharmonic and superharmonic frequencies relative to the most unstable frequency determined by the Orr-Sommerfeld equations. Phillips has shown that waves of this type can be turned away from the critical region of the shear layer and
Optic Nerve Involvement Associated with the multiple Evanescent White-dot Syndrome

Five patients presenting with signs and symptoms of primary optic nerve disease were, after careful examination, diagnosed as having the multiple evanescent white-dot syndrome. Optic nerve findings in these patients included disc edema, central visual loss, enlarged blind spots, and other optic nerve field defects. The subtlety of the white spots in some cases made the diagnosis difficult. Multiple evanescent white-dot syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of young, healthy patients who present with unilateral or bilateral optic nerve dysfunction.
Non-Darcy Mixed Convection Along a Vertical Wall in a Saturated Porous Medium

In most of the previous studies of either natural or mixed convection, the boundary-layer formulation of Darcy's law and the energy equation were used. However, the inertial effect is expected to become very significant when the pore Reynolds number is large. This is especially true for the case of either the high Rayleigh number regime or for high-porosity media. In spite of its importance in many applications, the non-Darcy flow effect has not received much attention. In this note, non-Darcy flow effects, which include the inertial and thermal dispersion effects, are closely examined. Steady-state non-Darcy convection, in the form of natural, mixed, and forced convection, is considered for a heated vertical surface embedded in a saturated porous medium.
A Fresh View of the Extreme-Ultraviolet Corona from the Application of a New Image-Processing Technique

The Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) has provided (and continues to provide) the solar physics community with an unprecedented view of the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) transition region and corona. In particular, it has observed EUV bright points, coronal holes, loops, and arcades, as well as dynamical events such as flares, EIT waves, and mass ejections. However, the multiscale nature of the observed solar features has not been fully exploited so far. In this paper, we introduce a technique to enhance the EUV features based on their multiscale nature, show a few examples of features not revealed with standard image-processing techniques (and therefore not previously noticed in the EIT data set), and make the solar physics community aware of the availability of the full EIT data set as processed with this novel technique.
1V supply 16-bit second order Sigma-Delta modulator in a 90nm CMOS process

This paper presents a second order Sigma-Delta modulator using a 1V dual supply in 90nm technology. The schematic modulator design achieves a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 96.7 dB or 15.7 bits. A gain boosted fully differential folded cascode operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) with a switched capacitor common-mode feedback circuit is implemented as the integrator. The OTA design is able to achieve a 500 V/V DC gain, with a 400mV output swing, Gain Bandwidth (GBW) of 303.5 MHz and a phase margin of 50.9 degrees. A fully-differential preamplifier-based latched comparator is also implemented, achieving a rail-to-rail output and a sensitivity of 10 µV. Data presented from each of the blocks are from post-layout simulations.
Frequency and regularity effects in reading are task dependent: Evidence from ERPs

Many theories of visual word processing assume obligatory semantic access and phonological recoding whenever a written word is encountered. However, the relative importance of different reading processes depends on task. The current study uses event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate whether – and, if so, when and how – effects of task modulate how visually presented words are processed. Participants were presented written words in the context of two tasks, delayed reading aloud and proper name detection. Stimuli varied factorially on lexical frequency and on spelling-to-sound regularity, while controlling for other lexical variables. Effects of both lexical frequency and regularity were modulated by task. Lexical frequency modulated N400 amplitude, but only in the reading aloud task, whereas spelling-to-sound regularity interacted with frequency to modulate the late positive complex, again only in the reading aloud task. Taken together, these results demonstrate that task demands affect how meaning...
Contemporary immunosuppression in renal transplantation

The last decade has witnessed an explosion in the development of new immunosuppressive agents targeted to distinct components of the immune response. This article reviews the basic mechanisms associated with allograft rejection, outlines contemporary immunosuppressive strategies, and discusses the mechanisms of action and roles of contemporary and potential future immunosuppressive agents.
The 2013 Frank Stinchfield Award: Diagnosis of infection in the early postoperative period after total hip arthroplasty.

Background Diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) can be difficult in the early postoperative period after total hip arthroplasty (THA) because normal cues from the physical examination often are unreliable, and serological markers commonly used for diagnosis are elevated from the recent surgery.
Strength of Titanium Intramedullary Implant versus Miniplate Fixation of Mandibular Condyle Fractures

ObjectiveTo test the strength of internal fixation of mandibular condyle fractures repaired with titanium miniplates versus titanium intramedullary implants.Study DesignProspective laboratory experimentation in urethane mandible models and human cadaveric mandibles.SettingMaterials testing laboratory at an academic medical center.MethodsOsteotomies of the mandibular condyle were created in 40 urethane hemimandible models and 24 human cadaveric specimens. Half of the samples in each group were repaired with traditional miniplates, and the other half were repaired with intramedullary titanium implants. Anteroposterior and mediolateral loads were applied to the samples, and the displacement was measured with reference to the applied force.ResultsTitanium intramedullary implants demonstrated statistically significant improved strength and stiffness versus miniplates in the urethane model experimental groups. Despite frequent plastic deformation and mechanical failures of the miniplates, a 1.6-mm-diameter tita...
Relationships of rat damage to physical and yield characteristics of Hawaiian sugar cane

Abstract Two long-term data sets containing information on rat damage levels and measurements on physical and yield characteristics on a number of varieties of sugar cane were examined to ascertain if a relationship could be detected between rat damage and the other variables. One data set was collected over 6 years from experimental field plots on 5 plantations. The other data set was collected operationally over 9 years from a single plantation. Most correlations were not large and varied in sign among varieties, but some patterns of relationships with rat damage levels were indicated. The experimental field plot data provided indications that rat damage may be negatively related to elevation and the amount of sucrose in the sugar cane juices (percent pol) and positively related to the density of sugar cane stalks. The data from the single plantation indicated correlations of rat damage with the percentage of sour stalks in the field and with elevation. Our general conclusions are that overall sugarcane yields and quality are probably more influenced by cultural practices and environmental conditions than rat damage as a determining factor.
Land Constitutions in Germany

The German state (Land) constitutions were not an object of much interest in West Germany until unification appeared on the horizon in 1990. With the establishment offive new Lander informerEast Germany, there was a new focus on constitution-making in the LZnder as well as nationally, where a number of changes to the Basic Law were made in the early 1990s. This "third generation" of Land constitutions was not restricted to the East; indeed, it was based in large part on changes made in Schleswig-Holstein in 1990. It was probably the impact, however, of the constitutions in thefive newU I.nder and the discussion arisingfrom their construction that influenced several western iander to adopt some of the "modern "features incorporated in the constitutions of the new iUnder. While the new constitutions did not ignor the classical rights characteristic of Western constitutions, it was theirfocus on direct democracy, social rights, and state goals that aroused most of the interest and even controversy about them.
Intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure in ambulatory patients with airways obstruction.

In patients with severe expiratory airflow limitation, dynamic hyperinflation often occurs when inspiratory efforts are initiated at a thoracic volume above the relaxation point of the respiratory system. The result is intrinsic positive end-expiratory alveolar pressure (PEEPi). To determine whether PEEPi occurs in ambulatory patients, we measured alveolar pressure (Palv) noninvasively during tidal breathing in 8 normal subjects, 15 asthmatic subjects, and 19 patients with COPD, using a body plethysmographic technique that includes computerized corrections for nonlinear pneumotachometer output and for plethysmograph leakage. In all 8 normal subjects, 9 asthmatic subjects, and 3 COPD patients, Palv descended smoothly to zero at end expiration. In contrast, among each of the remaining 22 patients, there was an abrupt change in slope of the Palv tracing near end expiration, identifying the onset of the next inspiratory effort and indicating the presence of PEEPi, ranging from 0.2 to 9.5 cm H2O. PEEPi was sig...
Is early colonoscopy after admission for acute diverticular bleeding needed

Abstract Objectives Urgent colonoscopy has been proposed for the diagnosis and management of acute colonic diverticular bleeding. Identification of active bleeding and nonbleeding stigmata facilitates diagnosis and endoscopic therapy, but it is unclear whether urgent colonoscopy after presentation increases the diagnostic yield. This study evaluated the association between timing of colonoscopy and diagnostic yield in patients admitted with acute colonic diverticular bleeding. Methods Patients admitted for hematochezia and receiving a diagnosis of diverticular hemorrhage were identified using the Mayo Clinic GI Bleeding Team and Emergency Room Admissions Databases for the years 1998–2000. Timing of colonoscopy was determined from the time of admission. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess whether the timing of colonoscopy was associated with an endoscopic finding of active bleeding or nonbleeding stigmata (or both). Results A diagnosis of definitive or presumptive diverticular bleeding was made in 78 patients (39 men and 39 women, mean age 78 yr, range 49–96 yr). Twelve patients (15%) had active bleeding or stigmata. Colonoscopies were performed a mean of 18 ± 11 h after admission. The association between a definitive diagnosis of acute diverticular bleeding and the timing of colonoscopy was not significant (p > 0.46). Conclusions No significant association is apparent between the timing of colonoscopy after admission and encountering active bleeding or nonbleeding stigmata. Based on these observations, urgent colonoscopy for these patients does not seem advantageous.
Superfluid shells for trapped fermions with mass and population imbalance

We map out the phase diagram of strongly interacting fermions in a potential trap with mass and population imbalance between the two components. As a unique feature distinctively different from the equal-mass case, we show that the superfluid here forms a shell structure which is not simply connected in space. Different types of normal states occupy the trap regions inside and outside this superfluid shell. We calculate the atomic density profiles, which provide an experimental signature for the superfluid shell structure.
Review of Late Jurassic-early Miocene sedimentation and plate-tectonic evolution of northern California: illuminating example of an accretionary margin

Production of voluminous igneous arc rocks, high-pressure/low-temperature (HP/LT) metamafic rocks, westward relative migration of the Klamath Mountains province, and U–Pb ages of deposition, sediment sources, and spatial locations of Jurassic and younger, detrital zircon-bearing clastic rocks constrain geologic development of the northern California continental edge as follows: (1) At ~175 Ma, transpressive plate underflow began to generate an Andean-type Klamath-Sierran arc along the margin. (2) Oceanic crustal rocks were metamorphosed under HP/LT conditions in an inboard, east-inclined subduction zone from ~170-155 Ma. Except for the Red Ant blueschists, such lithologies remained stored at depth; most HP/LT mafic tectonic blocks returned surfaceward only during mid- and Late Cretaceous time, chiefly entrained in circulating, buoyant Franciscan mud-matrix melange. (3) By ~165 Ma and continuing to ~150-140 Ma, erosion supplied volcanogenic debris to proximal Mariposa-Galice ± Myrtle overlap strata. (4) At ~140, immediately prior to the onset of paired Franciscan and Great Valley Group (GVG) + Hornbrook deposition, the Klamath salient was deformed and displaced ~100–150 km westward relative to the Sierran arc, stranding pre-existing oceanic crust on the south as the Coast Range Ophiolite (CRO). (5) After the end-of-Jurassic seaward step-out of the Farallon-North American convergent plate junction, terrigineous debris began to be deposited in the outboard Franciscan trench and intervening Great Valley forearc. (6) Voluminous sedimentation and accretion of Franciscan Eastern + Central belts and GVG detritus took place during paroxysmal igneous activity and rapid, nearly orthogonal plate convergence at ~125-80 Ma. (7) Sierran arc volcanism-plutonism ceased by ~80 Ma in northern California, signaling a transition to shallow, nearly subhorizontal eastward plate underflow attending Laramide orogeny far to the east. (8) Presently exposed Paleogene-lower Miocene Franciscan Coastal Belt sedimentary strata were deposited in a tectonic realm unaffected by HP/LT subduction. (9) Grenville-age detrital zircons are absent from the post-120 Ma Franciscan section. (10) Judging from petrofacies and zircon U–Pb data, the Franciscan Eastern Belt contains debris derived principally from the Sierra Nevada and Klamath ranges; detritus from the Idaho Batholith as well as Sierra Nevada Batholith may be present in some Central Belt sandstones, whereas clasts from the Idaho Batholith, Challis volcanics, and Cascade Range appear in progressively younger Paleogene-lower Miocene Coastal Belt sediments. (11) Gradual NW dextral offset of the Franciscan trench deposits of as much as ~1,600 km may have occurred relative to the native GVG forearc and basement terranes of the American Southwest.
The Nature and Controlling Variables of the Water Erosion Process

Summary-ConclusionsIt has been shown in the foregoing that the water erosion process is largely controlled by the following principal variables: 1.Soil erodibility 2.Climatic erosivity 3.Infiltration capacity 4.Surface storage capacity 5.Degree of slope 6.Length of slope 7.Cover protectivity Obviously research into the fundamentals of the erosion process must consist principally of studies of these variables. Space is not available to discuss the various ways in which these studies may be carried out. It is fairly apparent, however, that each variable should be investigated singly and in various combinations. Furthermore, all possible methods of approach should be employed. In addition to long-term field studies at permanent experiment stations, full advantage should be taken of the possibilities of fully controlled laboratory and field experiments. It is especially important that easily measured indices be invented for each of the principal variables, and nation-wide surveys made to evaluate these indices in all of the important agricultural problem areas of the country. These evaluations will form a rational basis for the design of erosion control measures. In the foregoing, it was not intended to infer that research into the fundamental nature of the erosion process constitutes a complete program of soil conservation research. Such a program would involve the study of: 1.The fundamentals of the process 2.Methods of erosion control 3.The reclamation of eroded soils It is clear that only the first phase of a complete program has been here treated. Nevertheless, to repeat the statement made in the introduction, this phase is of first importance, for the rational control of any physical phenomenon requires a clear understanding of the fundamental factors involved.
Wavefront propagation in discrete random media via stochastic huygens' minor principle

A stochastic theory is presented for the propagation of wavefronts in spatially random media. The study is limited to a class of media that may be modeled, in a two-dimensional setting, as ensembles of convex polygons (grains) of random physical and geometrical properties. The wavefront is considered to be a pulse spread over a domain of finite thickness. Special attention is given to modelling any point of this pulse, called disturbance. The dynamics of the disturbance is governed by two processes—ray kinematics and amplitude modulation—both of which are Markov; their semi-group property represents the stochastic Huygens' minor principle. This approach permits the inclusion of microscale deterministic and random phenomena in an analysis of wavefront behavior, e.g. wavefront decay, broadening, random arrival times, in heterogeneous media.
Eleven new microsatellite markers for the tropical sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla and cross-amplification in Tripneustes ventricosa

We describe the isolation, characterization, and application of 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci from the tropical sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla. We genotyped a total of 73 individuals in three subpopulations (two in Hawaii, and one in the Philippines) and found between eight and 33 alleles per locus. We found significant heterozygote deficits within at least one subpopulation at seven out of 11 loci. We were successful at cross-amplifying four loci in the congeneric Tripneustes ventricosus. When used appropriately, this set of loci will be useful for quantifying population structure in Tripneustes urchins across broad geographical ranges.
Early postoperative glucose control predicts nosocomial infection rate in diabetic patients

Objectives: To determine the relationship between perioperative glucose control and postoperative nosocomial infection rate in 100 consecutive diabetic patients undergoing elective surgery. Design and Patients: One hundred initially uninfected diabetic patients undergoing elective surgery were prospectively monitored for perioperative glucose control and postoperative nosocomial infection rate. Glucose control was determined by the attending surgeon or diabetologist. Setting: A large tertiary care hospital that serves as the in-patient facility for a local diabetes center. Main Outcome Measures: All patients were screened for infection preoperatively. Only initially uninfected patients were enrolled, and all patients received perioperative antibiotic coverage. Perioperative glucose control and postoperative nosocomial infection rate were monitored prospectively. APACHE II scores were determined on all patients. Patients were stratified into two groups: those with relatively "good" perioperative glucose co...
On Bounding Data Stream Privacy in Distributed Cyber-physical Systems

This paper derives fundamental bounds on privacy achievable in future human-centric cyber-physical systems, where time-series sensor data are shared among individuals to compute aggregate information of mutual interest. For example, individual GPS-trajectories may be shared to compute average traffic speed at different locations. An optimal trade-off is explored between individual user privacy, achieved by perturbing data prior to sharing, and the corresponding accuracy of computed aggregate information. The work is motivated by an emergent category of cyber-physical applications that involves large-scale interaction between humans, networked engineered artifacts, and the physical world. These applications are brought about by the proliferation of personal sensing devices of everyday use, leading to unprecedented opportunities for sensory data collection and sharing. The collection of sensory data from large numbers of participants offers privacy as a major new cyber-physical system challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel privacy measure, based on mutual information, and derive a perturbation algorithm, to apply prior to data sharing, that guarantees a least upper bound on the privacy measure. The new algorithm effectively hides individual user data by optimally perturbing the time-series using knowledge of only the mean and the covariance of the original data. We evaluate it using both synthetic data and collected real application data. The results show that the method significantly improves the trade-off between privacy and the accuracy of reconstruction of aggregate information from shared perturbed data.
End system optimizations for high-speed TCP

The delivered TCP performance on high-speed networks is often limited by the sending and receiving hosts, rather than by the network hardware or the TCP protocol implementation itself. In this case, systems can achieve higher bandwidth by reducing host overheads through a variety of optimizations above and below the TCP protocol stack, given support from the network interface. This article surveys the most important of these optimizations and illustrates their effects quantitatively with empirical results from an experimental network delivering up to 2 Gb/s of end-to-end TCP bandwidth.
Antitrust implications of utility participation in the market for remote photovoltaic systems

Remote photovoltaic power systems are an important niche market in the development of a viable photovoltaics industry. Electric utilities in the USA have started offering remote photovoltaic service. Utilities have the potential to use their monopoly power in regulated markets to unfair competitive advantage in competitive markets. Therefore, electric utility participation in remote photovoltaic markets raises potentially significant issues of antitrust law and policy. This paper describes some of the legal and factual criteria that US courts and regulatory agencies are likely to use in assessing the antitrust implications of utility participation in the market for remote photovoltaic systems.
Step to college. Moving from the high school career academy through the 4-year university.

This study addresses the question “Do school-to-work programs, as embodied by career academies, facilitate postsecondary education?” The author conceptualizes postsecondary education as a series of...
Spectral-efficiency of multi-antenna links in ad-hoc wireless networks with limited Tx CSI

An asymptotic expression is derived for the mean spectral efficiency of multi-antenna links randomly distributed on a plane in a uniform manner where transmitters (Tx) have Channel-State-Information (CSI) of the channels between themselves and their target receivers while receivers (Rx) have CSI between themselves and all transmitters. The mean per-link spectral efficiency in the network is found to increase if nodes transmit using a subset of their strongest channel modes instead of the link-optimal strategy of water-filling on all channel modes (Farrokhi et al.). For reasonable parameters, this system which requires limited Tx CSI, has approximately double the mean spectral efficiency of systems without Tx CSI.
Cyclic mechanical loading promotes bacterial penetration along composite restoration marginal gaps

Objectives Secondary caries is the most common reason for composite restoration replacement and usually forms between dentin and the filling. The objective of this study was to investigate the combined effect of cyclic loading and bacterial exposure on bacterial penetration into gaps at the interface between dentin and resin composite restorative material using a novel bioreactor system and test specimen design.
Amino Acid Requirements of the Chick: 2. Effect of Total Essential Amino Acid Level in the Diet on the Arginine and Lysine Requirements

Abstract THE chick's arginine requirement is higher when a purified type ration containing casein as the main source of protein is fed, than it is when a practical type corn-soybean oil meal ration is fed. It has been proposed that the practical type diet contains substance(s) which spare arginine. Several substances are known which will increase the growth rate of chicks fed arginine-deficient rations, but no one has claimed that these substances account for the difference in arginine requirement noted on the two types of rations mentioned. Reports supporting these statements have been reviewed in a previous paper on the effect of thyroxine on the chick's requirements for three amino acids (Fluckiger and Anderson, 1959). In the experiments on arginine requirement reported in the previous paper, three different purified type rations were fed. The three rations contained about the same percent protein, but differed in the kind of proteins included. The …
Algorithms for Monitoring Changes in Quality of Communication Links

The automation of network service observing through message classification software permits a great increase in the rate at which observations can be made, thus allowing the monitoring of network links as well as switching nodes. This paper develops and analyzes a quality control algorithm which is suitable for monitoring the performance of direct (end-office to endoffice) links via high-volume service observing data. This algorithm processes a sample of successful as well as unsuccessful call attempts sequentially and in real time to quickly and effectively detect deteriorations in the performance of a link. Discussion of the performance qualities and the robustness of this algorithm is presented. The discussion is supported by quantitative results.