cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are Our Students Taxonomically Challenged or Not

A class exercise to introduce plant taxonomy to non- science majors was conducted as part of the Botany Segue of our Introductory Ethnobotany course at the University of Hawai`i in Fall 2007. Students were given the opportunity to name and develop their own classification schemes for forty plant materials. This paper discusses the results of the class exercise. Binomials were used more often than monomials for plant names and the pattern was reversed for category names. Students used many adjectives and terms related to plant parts to name plants and categories. Of all the adjectives used, color and texture were used most often by students to name plants and categories respectively. In general, students were well aware of the different functional roles of plant and category names and illustrated this frequently by using binomials consisting of noun-adjective combinations to name plants and monomial nouns to name categories.
GEOHISTORY, THERMAL HISTORY AND HYDROCARBON GENERATION HISTORY OF NAVARIN BASIN COST NO. 1 WELL, BERING SEA, ALASKA

Using a one-dimensional model, we numerically simulate with time the geological processes of sedimentary deposition, compaction, fluid flow, heat flow and hydrocarbon generation. Input well data, in the form of present-day formation thicknesses porosity with depth, thermal gradient, vitrinite reflectance with depth, and fluid overpressure with depth constrain the dynamical model. We present model results for the Navarin Basin COST No. 1 well, including reconstructions of burial history, fluid flow history, thermal history and hydrocarbon generation history.
Death following traumatic brain injury in Drosophila is associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) caused by a violent blow to the head or body and the resultant collision of the brain against the skull is a major cause of disability and death in humans. Primary injury to the brain triggers secondary injuries that further damage the brain and other organs, generating many of the detrimental consequences of TBI. However, despite decades of study, the exact nature of these secondary injuries and their origin are poorly understood. A better understanding of secondary injuries should help to develop novel therapies to improve TBI outcomes in affected individuals. To obtain this information, in 2013 researchers devised a method to inflict TBI in the common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, an organism that is readily amenable to detailed genetic and molecular studies. This investigation demonstrated that flies subjected to TBI display many of the same symptoms observed in humans after a brain injury, including temporary loss of mobility and damage to the brain that becomes worse over time. In addition, many of the flies die within 24 hr after brain injury. Now Katzenberger et al. use this experimental system to investigate the secondary injuries responsible for these deaths. First, genetic variants were identified that confer increased or decreased susceptibility to death after brain injury. Several of the identified genes affect the structural integrity of the intestinal barrier that isolates the contents of the gut—including nutrients and bacteria—from the circulatory system. Katzenberger et al. subsequently found that the breakdown of this barrier after brain injury permits bacteria and glucose to leak out of the intestine. Treating flies with antibiotics did not increase survival, whereas reducing glucose levels in the circulatory system after brain injury did. Thus, Katzenberger et al. conclude that high levels of glucose in the circulatory system, a condition known as hyperglycemia, is a key culprit in death following TBI. Notably, these results parallel findings in humans, where hyperglycemia is highly predictive of death following TBI. Similarly, individuals with diabetes have a significantly increased risk of death after TBI. These results suggest that the secondary injuries leading to death are the same in flies and humans and that further studies in flies are likely to provide additional new information that will help us understand the complex consequences of TBI. Important challenges remain, including understanding precisely how the brain and intestine communicate, how injury to the brain leads to disruption of the intestinal barrier, and why elevated glucose levels increase mortality after brain injury. Answers to these questions could help pave the way to new therapies for TBI.
Software Process Support in Software Development Environments

qnvironment consists of an infrastructure, often referred as framework, and a collection of tools. Various development tools support individual developers in different steps of the life cycle. These tools may :hange from project to project as the development methods change. Project management tools support the individual project manager in planning, scheduling, and monitoring a project. The plans, models of the software process, are translated into tasks to be enacted by humans. The environment infrastructure provides basic computing facilities such as user interface management, operating system functions, data
Effects of annealing temperature on electromigration performance of multilayer metallization systems

The electromigration (EM) performance for the Ti:W/Al-1%Si two-layer and the Ti/W/Al-1%Si three-layer metallizations annealed at elevated temperatures was investigated. The formation of the Al/sub 12/W intermetallic compound, which transforms to Al/sub 5/W as the annealing temperature increases, was observed at the Al-alloy/refractory-metal interface. An increase in activation energy and sheet resistance was observed for both the two-layer and three-layer systems for annealing above 450 degrees C and 500 degrees C, respectively. The operating lifetimes of the conductors, for 1% failures, were projected to 80 degrees C and 2*10/sup 5/ A/cm/sup 2/. The three-layer system shows a 2* increase in lifetime, relative to the other system, for the standard 30-min, 450 degrees C anneal and an enhancement in film integrity at higher annealing temperatures, near 550 degrees C. However, the two-layer system shows a 2* increase in lifetime near 475 degrees C, due to an increase in activation energy for a lower temperature anneal. >
Overview of methods for image reconstruction from projections in emission computed tomography

Emission computed tomography (ECT) is a technology for medical imaging whose importance is increasing rapidly. There is a growing appreciation for the value of the functional (as opposed to anatomical) information that is provided by ECT and there are significant advancements taking place, both in the instrumentation for data collection, and in the computer methods for generating images from the measured data. These computer methods are designed to solve the inverse problem known as "image reconstruction from projections". This paper uses the various models of the data collection process as the framework for presenting an overview of the wide variety of methods that have been developed for image reconstruction in the major subfields of ECT, which are positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The overall sequence of the major sections in the paper, and the presentation within each major section, both proceed from the more realistic and general models to those that are idealized and application specific. For most of the topics, the description proceeds from the three-dimensional case to the two-dimensional case. The paper presents a broad overview of algorithms for PET and SPECT, giving references to the literature where these algorithms and their applications are described in more detail.
Designing Solutions Around Customer Network Identity Goals.

Abstract When companies fail to account for collective and relational goals in customer solutions, a mismatch can occur between firms' solutions and those that customers envision. Understanding the integration processes of customer networks is essential to improving solution design. This investigation draws on depth interviews with 21 families, the focal customer network, to generate collective and relational vacation narratives that contextualize their accounts. The authors identify four customer network integration processes: offerings assembled around prioritized goals, alternate participation, concurrent participation, and offerings assembled around separate coalitions. The findings reveal that the resulting mix of integrated products and services, or the solution, is shaped by customer network identity goals, goal management approaches, and constraints. The authors conclude with recommendations for how firms can use this information to improve solution design, identify new network partners, and revis...
Identifiability of nonlinear systems: A geometric approach

The parameter identifiability problem of deterministic nonlinear control systems is studied. The relations between nonlinear observability, nonlinear functional expansions, uniqueness theorem of nonlinear realization theory and identifiability are investigated. By using these relations, necessary and sufficient conditions of identifiability are obtained for the first time. These results provide an insight to the identifiability problem of nonlinear systems.
A model for outgassing of organic contamination from wafer carrier boxes

A thermal desorption apparatus has been developed to study the adsorption and desorption of organic contaminants on silicon wafers due to outgassing from plastic wafer carrier boxes. This paper describes a complete outgassing model for organic contamination based on characterization of the outgassing of organic contamination from polypropylene carrier boxes using Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) as a model compound. The model was developed from experimental data for a limited set of time/temperature conditions. Verification of the model is provided by its goodness of fit over an extended set of experimental data.
“Spin-tickling” in nuclear magnetic single resonance

Abstract An effect, not unlike “spin-tickling” in nuclear magnetic double resonance, can occur in single resonance spectra if there is a fortuitous proximity of particular spin states. Observation of the perturbation allows the assignment of relative signs of coupling constants; the perturbation may be chemically manipulated by changing solvents.
First Son: The Biography of Richard M. Daley. By Keith Koeneman. (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2013. Pp. xx, 367. $30.00.)

The author of this study has written the first biography of the longest‐tenured and arguably most influential mayor in Chicago's last century. This accessible narrative of the life and political de...
Immunocytochemical Localization of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormones in the Brain of a Viviparous Caecilian Amphibian, Typhlonectes natans (Amphibia: Gymnophiona)

The molecular forms and brain distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) have been well studied in the amphibian orders Urodela (salamanders and newts) and Anura (frogs and toads). In the order Gymnophiona (caecilians), however, few species have been investigated. Antibodies against different molecular forms of GnRH were used to immunohistochemically localize the GnRH-containing neurons in the brain of the caecilian, Typhlonectes natans which differs from most other amphibians in that it is viviparous. An antibody selective for mammalian GnRH recognized cell bodies predominantly in the septo-preoptic area but only with occasional cell bodies in the lateral hypothalamus and ventral thalamic eminence. Thick, prominent fibers in the septal region and fibers within the terminal nerve were also labeled. An antibody selective for chicken-II GnRH labeled a population of cell bodies in the dorsal hypothalamus, ventral thalamus and midbrain tegmentum. Thin fibers projected laterally from these cells. An antibody specific for salmon GnRH did not label cell bodies but did show intense terminal field immunoreactivity. The brain of this caecilian, therefore, contains three antigenically distinct forms of GnRH. The mammalian and chicken-II GnRH peptides have been shown in other amphibians but the distribution of cells and fibers was unique in this caecilian.
Insider Trading Around Convertible Security Calls

This study examines the nature of insider trading of common stock around conversion-forcing calls of convertible securities. Managers of call firms significantly increase their frequency of stock sales after call announcements. Also after the call, substantially fewer call firms are classified as net buyers and a significantly greater number of call firms are classified as net sellers. This evidence suggests that managers alter their trading behavior as though calls are associated with negative information about their firms' prospects.
Systems vaccinology informs influenza vaccine immunogenicity

Vaccines are the most efficient way to control and eradicate infectious diseases. The smallpox vaccine has led to the eradication of variola virus, which has been the cause of a high number of human casualties for many years in the not so distant past. Other viral vaccines that have not yet led to eradication, but have remarkably reduced the burden of viral infections, are the poliovirus, measles virus, mump virus, rubella virus, and yellow fever virus vaccines. More recently, the development of hepatitis B virus, chicken pox, zoster, rotavirus, and human papilloma virus vaccines have highlighted the impact of modern vaccines in controlling viral infections, including those involved in cancer development. Nevertheless, there is room for the improvement of several existing viral vaccines, such as the influenza and dengue virus vaccines, and challenges in the generation of effective vaccines against some specific viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus, several herpesviruses, and HIV. It also might be possible to generate effective vaccines against emergent viral infections, including chikungunya, Hendra, Nipah, Zika, and ebolaviruses, but difficulties include the need for large and costly studies to assess vaccine efficacy and the unpredictability of where the next human infections with such emerging pathogens will occur. Another major scientific challenge in the development of novel and improved virus vaccines is that, despite the previous successes in vaccine development, based on studies assessing whether a vaccine is safe and efficacious, no definitive studies have exposed the immunological mechanisms associated with vaccine efficacy. Thus, we still do not know for the most part how vaccines work. Challenges include limitations associated with animal models and difficulties to access informative human samples from multiple tissues. In this respect, the application of systems biology tools to the study of human vaccines (so-called “systems vaccinology”) gives new hope for the elucidation of the mechanistic details associated with vaccine safety and efficacy. In PNAS, Nakaya et al. (1) use systems vaccinology to find new clues on the immunogenic and transcriptional networks that are associated with robust influenza vaccine responses correlated with protection.
Publication Date Estimation for Printed Historical Documents using Convolutional Neural Networks

This paper describes an approach to estimating the unknown publication date for printed historical documents from their scanned page images, using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The method primarily harnesses visual features from small image patches. Optionally, we augment the feature set with textual Optical Character Recognition (OCR) result features to improve accuracy, though at greater preprocessing cost. To be applied in various tasks, we develop both classification and regression models. As an example application, we show that OCR can be improved if we use estimated publication date to select the appropriate OCR model. Moreover, the resulting improvement in OCR accuracy is close to what could be achieved knowing the true publication date. We are not aware of previous work in estimating publication dates for printed historical documents with visual features.
Functional Modular Dissection of DEBS1-TE Changes Triketide Lactone Ratios and Provides Insight into Acyl Group Loading, Hydrolysis, and ACP Transfer

The DEBS1-TE fusion protein is comprised of the loading module, the first two extension modules, and the terminal TE domain of the Saccharopolyspora erythraea 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase. DEBS1-TE produces triketide lactones that differ on the basis of the starter unit selected by the loading module. Typical fermentations with plasmid-based expression of DEBS1-TE produce a 6:1 ratio of propionate to isobutyrate-derived triketide lactones. Functional dissection of the loading module from the remainder of DEBS1-TE results in 50% lower titers of triketide lactone and a dramatic shift in the production to a 1:4 ratio of propionate to isobutyrate-derived products. A series of radiolabeling studies of the loading module has shown that transfer from the AT to the ACP occurs much faster for propionate than for isobutyrate. However, the equilibrium occupancy of the AT favors isobutyrate such that propionate is outcompeted for ACP occupancy. Thus, propionyl-ACP is the kinetic product, while isobutyryl-ACP is the thermodynamic product. A slowed transfer from the loading domain ACP to first-extension module KS due to functional dissection of DEBS1-TE allows this isobutyryl-ACP-favored equilibrium to be realized and likely accounts for the observed shift in triketide lactone products.
The Calculus of Variations for Multiple Integrals

(1942). The Calculus of Variations for Multiple Integrals. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 77-89.
Ablation of the mitochondrial complex IV assembly protein Surf1 leads to increased expression of the UPRMT and increased resistance to oxidative stress in primary cultures of fibroblasts

Mice deficient in the electron transport chain (ETC) complex IV assembly protein SURF1 have reduced assembly and activity of cytochrome c oxidase that is associated with an upregulation of components of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR(MT)) and increased mitochondrial number. We hypothesized that the upregulation of proteins associated with the UPR(MT) in response to reduced cytochrome c oxidase activity in Surf1(-/-) mice might contribute to increased stress resistance. To test this hypothesis we asked whether primary cultures of fibroblasts from Surf1(-/-) mice exhibit enhanced resistance to stressors compared to wild-type fibroblasts. Here we show that primary dermal fibroblasts isolated from Surf1(-/-) mice have increased expression of UPR(MT) components ClpP and Hsp60, and increased expression of Lon protease. Fibroblasts from Surf1(-/-) mice are significantly more resistant to cell death caused by oxidative stress induced by paraquat or tert-Butyl hydroperoxide compared to cells from wild-type mice. In contrast, Surf1(-/-) fibroblasts show no difference in sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide stress. The enhanced cell survival in response to paraquat or tert-Butyl hydroperoxide in Surf1(-/-) fibroblasts compared to wild-type fibroblasts is associated with induced expression of Lon, ClpP, and Hsp60, increased maximal respiration, and increased reserve capacity as measured using the Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Overall these data support a protective role for the activation of the UPR(MT) in cell survival.
Bipedal gait recharacterization and walking encoding generalization for stable dynamic walking

In this paper, we propose to achieve exponentially stable periodic bipedal walking based on recharacterization of bipedal gait and generalization of walking encoding. To conveniently define an asymmetric walking pattern, a gait is characterized here in terms of the left and the right legs instead of the support and the swing legs. Another benefit of this characterization is that the joint positions become well-defined and continuous throughout a walking process even under impulse effects caused by impacts. A more general walking encoding method is then introduced, which not only includes walking pattern encoding but also enables upper-level task planning and control. Walking dynamics is then rewritten with the roles of the left and the right legs differentiated and with the biped's global position included. The desired walking pattern, as well as the desired global motion, is tracked exponentially fast through a controller designed using the output feedback linearization method. Stability of the hybrid dynamical control system is analyzed based on the construction of multiple Lyapunov functions. Finally, a fully actuated compass-gait biped is simulated to show that the proposed framework can realize exponentially stable walking, both symmetric and asymmetric, while satisfactorily tracking the desired walking pattern and the planned global motion.
A numerical stability investigation of strong ZND detonations for Majda's model

We carry out a systematic numerical stability analysis of ZND detonations of Majda’s model with Arrhenius-type ignition function, a simplied model for reacting ow, as heat release and activation energy are varied. Our purpose is, rst, to answer a question of Majda whether oscillatory instabilities can occur for high activation energies as in the full reacting Euler equations, and, second, to test the eciency of various versions of a numerical eigenvalue-nding scheme suggested by Humpherys and Zumbrun against the standard method of Lee and Stewart. Our results suggest that instabilities do not occur for Majda’s model with Arrhenius-type ignition function, nor with a modied Arrhenius-type ignition function suggested by Lyng{Zumbrun, even in the high-activation energy limit. We nd that the algorithm of Humpherys{Zumbrun is in the context of Majda’s model 100-1; 000 times faster than the one described in the classical work of Lee and Stewart and 1-10 times faster than an optimized version of the Lee{Stewart algorithm using an adaptive-mesh ODE solver.
Proceedings of the third ACM international conference on Web search and data mining

We welcome you to the Third ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM) held February 3--6, 2010 in New York City. As a premier conference in the field, WSDM 2010 provides a highly competitive forum for reporting the latest developments in the research and application of Web search and data mining. We are pleased to present the proceedings of the conference as its published record. WSDM (pronounced "wisdom") is a young conference for research in the areas of search and retrieval, Web mining, economics implications, and in depth analysis of accuracy and performance of search and mining systems. Although it is only in its third year, it has already witnessed significant growth. As evidence of that, WSDM 2010 received a record 290 submissions, representing a 70% increase compared to WSDM 2009. The conference accepted 45 papers (15.5%). The authors of submitted papers come from 35 countries and regions. Authors of accepted papers are from 11 countries.
Sometimes Pictures Tell the Story

Like so many others, I fell into a “life of crime” by accident. An electrical engineer by training, my first post-postdoc job was with an engineering consulting firm, where I was engaged in doing operations research, mostly for the US Navy. While I was there, in the late 1960s, the firm was commissioned to develop a new management information system for the Boston Police Department, and I was assigned to work on improving the BPD’s communications system.
PHARMACOLOGIC MANIPULATION OF THE CIRCULATION

SUMMARY This article reviews current understanding of the multiple homeostatic mechanisms active in vascular smooth muscle and some of the more commonly used drugs to manipulate intraoperative cardiovascular function. Almost none of the basic science information contained here was presented during my medical school or residency training; however, I believe our current understanding of the system provides a much firmer basis for the rational selection of vasoactive therapeutic agents. More importantly, it should establish a solid background for understanding the actions and side effects of drugs that have yet to become a part of our regular pharmaceutical armamentarium.
Impunity and Sexual Assassination in Ciudad Juárez: Exclusion, Cruising, Collusion

In this chapter, it is argued that in Ciudad Juarez, the key factors causing sexual assassination of women are: (a) industrialization without safe streets, (b) a criminal justice system with a history of impunity that fuels machista rape-murder, (c) a drug-war that increased the human trafficking of women by certain organized-crime related elements, and (d) a spatial geography which includes multiple empty lots without adequate public or private security. Taken together, these complex, multiple, inter-related factors help explain why sexual assassination has been a repetitive crime in Ciudad Juarez over decades.
Sources of electronic cigarette acquisition among adolescents in Connecticut.

Objectives We examined sources of e-cigarette acquisition among youth, and changes in these sources, between 2014 and 2015. We also assessed whether youth were ever refused the sale of e-cigarettes. Methods Anonymous, cross-sectional surveys conducted in five high schools in 2014 and 2015 in Connecticut assessed demographics, e-cigarette and cigarette use, and e-cigarette acquisition sources (friends/boyfriends/girlfriends, tobacco shops, siblings, online, parents/adult family members, other). We restricted analyses to adolescents younger than 18 years old who had used e-cigarettes in the past month (2014: N = 400, 2015: N = 390). Results Top sources of e-cigarette acquisition were friends (2014: 50.2%, 2015: 45.4%), tobacco shops (2014: 17.5%, 2015: 12.6%), and online shops (2014: 9.8%, 2015: 10.5%). A multilevel model, controlling for sex, age, and cigarette smoking status, while clustering by schools showed a decrease in the proportion of youth obtaining e-cigarettes from friends (AOR = .84) between 2014 and 2015. In 2015, 69.8% and 85.8% purchased e-cigarettes from a physical store and an online store, respectively. Conclusions Peers were the most popular source of e-cigarette acquisition. Many adolescents were able to purchase e-cigarettes from commercial sources. Future studies should continue to conduct surveillance of where adolescents obtain e-cigarettes to inform prevention strategies.
Biliary and pancreatic complications of molecular targeted therapies in cancer imaging

The purpose of this review is to familiarize radiologists with the different imaging manifestations of biliary and pancreatic toxicity of molecular targeted therapies. The advent of molecular targeted therapies for cancer treatment has prompted radiologists to be familiar with these new molecules, their patterns of response, and their class-specific toxicities. While liver and bowel toxicities have been extensively reported in literature, less is known about the pathogenesis and imaging of toxicity involving the pancreatobiliary system. Biliary and pancreatic toxicity of molecular targeted therapies present with variable manifestations and varying degrees of severity, from asymptomatic liver function tests elevation to acute pancreatitis or cholecystitis. Management of these conditions depends on the clinical scenario and the severity of the findings. In this article, we will (1) present the various classes of molecular targeted therapies most commonly associated with biliary and pancreatic toxicity; (2) illustrate imaging findings of drug-associated biliary and pancreatic injuries and their possible differential diagnosis; and (3) provide a guide for management of these conditions.
Emergent Dynamical Properties of the BCM Learning Rule

The Bienenstock–Cooper–Munro (BCM) learning rule provides a simple setup for synaptic modification that combines a Hebbian product rule with a homeostatic mechanism that keeps the weights bounded. The homeostatic part of the learning rule depends on the time average of the post-synaptic activity and provides a sliding threshold that distinguishes between increasing or decreasing weights. There are, thus, two essential time scales in the BCM rule: a homeostatic time scale, and a synaptic modification time scale. When the dynamics of the stimulus is rapid enough, it is possible to reduce the BCM rule to a simple averaged set of differential equations. In previous analyses of this model, the time scale of the sliding threshold is usually faster than that of the synaptic modification. In this paper, we study the dynamical properties of these averaged equations when the homeostatic time scale is close to the synaptic modification time scale. We show that instabilities arise leading to oscillations and in some cases chaos and other complex dynamics. We consider three cases: one neuron with two weights and two stimuli, one neuron with two weights and three stimuli, and finally a weakly interacting network of neurons.
A high-throughput chemical screen identifies novel inhibitors and enhancers of anti-inflammatory functions of the glucocorticoid receptor

Glucocorticoids (GCs)-ligands of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-are widely used to treat inflammatory diseases, but suffer from significant side effects and poor responsiveness in certain patient populations. Identification of chemical GR modulators may provide insights into the regulatory mechanisms of anti-inflammatory functions of GR and help improve GC-based therapy. Here we report the development and application of a high-throughput screening to identify compounds that either enhance or suppress the anti-inflammatory effect of GR function. Using a cell-based GR activity assay that measures Dexamethasone (Dex)-mediated NF-κB repression, we have screened ~8,000 compounds and identified several compounds that suppressed GR activity, including multiple GSK3β inhibitors and anti-cancer agent camptothecin. Notably, we also identified two kinase IKK2 inhibitors, including TPCA-1, as GR enhancers that improve the anti-inflammatory effect of GR. In particular, TPCA-1 augmented the activity of Dex in NF-κB repression by attenuating GR down-regulation. Consistent with the observation, siRNA-mediated IKK2 knockdown decreased GR down-regulation and increased GR expression. Together, our results identified chemical compounds as novel modulators of GR and revealed an unexpected role for IKK2 in GR down-regulation. Furthermore, we have established a high-throughput screening platform for discovering GR-modulating compounds that may be repurposed to improve current GC-based therapies.
Microinterventions produce immediate but not lasting benefits in mood and distress.

Untreated depression remains one of the largest public health concerns. However, barriers such as unavailability of mental health providers and high cost of services limit the number of people able to benefit from traditional treatments. Though unsupported Internet interventions have proven effective at bypassing many of these barriers given their reach and scalability, attrition from interventions has been an ongoing concern. Microinterventions, or ultra-brief online tools meant to produce a rapid improvement in mood, may offer a way to provide the benefits of unsupported Internet interventions quickly, before attrition might occur. This study examined the immediate and lasting effects of three microinterventions (Breathing Exercises, Thought Records, and a Pleasant Activities Selector) on mood and distress. Participants (N=122) were randomized into three groups, each group completing two of the three microinterventions. Participants were asked to rate their mood and level of distress before and after completing the microintervention. Depression and perceived stress were assessed at baseline and at four weekly follow-ups. Although lasting effects were not found, a significant within-group reduction in distress and improvement in mood were observed immediately following the completion of the microintervention. This study demonstrates the potential benefits of microinterventions to individuals for their immediate needs vis-a-vis mood and distress.
Time synchronization services for low-cost fog computing applications

This paper presents the time synchronization infrastructure for a low-cost run-time platform and application framework specifically targeting Smart Grid applications. Such distributed applications require the execution of reliable and accurate time-coordinated actions and observations both within islands of deployments and across geographically distant nodes. The time synchronization infrastructure is built on well-established technologies: GPS, NTP, PTP, PPS and Linux with real-time extensions, running on low-cost BeagleBone Black hardware nodes. We describe the architecture, implementation, instrumentation approach, performance results and present an example from the application domain. Also, we discuss an important finding on the effect of the Linux RT_PREEMPT real-time patch on the accuracy of the PPS subsystem and its use for GPS-based time references.
Constructing representations using inverted spaces

This paper presents a novel technique for the construction and evaluation of new features for a two-class discrimination learning task. Our method employs statistically sound heuristics for guiding the knowledge-based construction of feature combinations. An attempt is made to integrate the strategies for construction of new features of description with the strategies for selecting a sufficient, representative training set.
Computational simulation of a single boiling bubble in water

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a complete numerical calculation of a growing and departing bubble on a horizontal surface, to simulate nucleate boiling in water. The bubble is modeled by decomposing it into a microlayer and a macro region. The extended Clausius–Clapeyron equation is used to calculate the evaporative heat flux across the liquid–vapor interface in the microlayer, which is modeled by a fourth-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation. A PDE-based fast local level-set method is used to computationally capture the vapor-liquid interface and the surface tension is modeled by a continuum method. A second-order projection method, along with a third-order essentially non-oscillatory scheme for differencing the convection terms, is applied for solving the momentum equation. The time discretization is dealt with a high order Runge–Kutta method. The multigrid preconditioned conjugate method is employed to solve the projection, which has strongly discontinuous coefficients caused by the physical properties jump across the vapor–liquid interface.
CpG DNA in cancer immunotherapy.

Anecdotal reports of tumor regression following systemic bacterial infection have been observed for centuries. The first reported attempt to explore this effect in a systematic fashion took place in the 1890s, when Dr. William Coley, a New York surgeon, performed a series of studies evaluating anti-tumor therapy with bacteria and bacterial products. Dr. Coley’s original attempt to use bacteria as an anti-tumor agent involved the use of live cultures of streptococci injected directly into tumor masses (Coley 1893). This resulted in tumor regression in some cases but proved to be toxic, with the first patient almost dying of erysipelas. Subsequent studies by Coley involved a mixture of heat-killed streptococci and serratia (then known as Bacillus prodigiosus) (Coley 1894). This preparation was still quite toxic, but did result in some anti-tumor responses. It is this preparation that is now referred to as Coley’s toxin. Much of the antitumor activity of Coley’s toxin is attributed to endotoxin (Wiemann and Starnes 1994). However, it is curious to note that Coley’s original success was with an organism that does not produce endotoxin. Thus, additional bacterial components, such as bacterial DNA, may well have played a role in the observed responses. Indeed, recent reports have confirmed that cancer can regress following bacterial infection (Mori et al. 1997).
Getting More out of Storm Surge Forecasts: Emergency Support Personnel Needs in North Carolina

AbstractStorm surge has been identified as a dangerous and damaging coastal hazard that is expected to be exacerbated by rising sea levels. However, storm surge research and applications are relati...
Influence of bulk and interfacial properties on shock compression of metal powders. II. Compaction of clusters of particles

During compaction of large ensembles of metallic particles, the deformation and redistribution of the particles are strongly influenced by the bulk and interfacial properties of the interacting materials. Using a sharp-interface Eulerian approach, this paper studies the physics of shock compaction of clusters of particles by accurately capturing the interfacial dynamics of particle-particle interactions. The effect of disparity in bulk material properties such as impedance and yield strength and interfacial phenomena such as friction are quantified using interfacial area evolution as a measure of mixing of the materials. The results show that friction between the particles increases the mixing of the materials only for lower initial theoretical mean densities but does not significantly affect the overall dynamics of the compaction. The deformation and contact between the particles are most strongly influenced by the impedance mismatch of the materials. The difference in yield stress plays a minor role due to the predominance of pressure over deviatoric stresses. The results provide insights into the individual effects of impedance and yield stress mismatch between material pairs and also into the combined influence of mismatches in both properties. It is shown that apart from property mismatch, the average impedance of the mixture also plays a key role in mixing of the materials.During compaction of large ensembles of metallic particles, the deformation and redistribution of the particles are strongly influenced by the bulk and interfacial properties of the interacting materials. Using a sharp-interface Eulerian approach, this paper studies the physics of shock compaction of clusters of particles by accurately capturing the interfacial dynamics of particle-particle interactions. The effect of disparity in bulk material properties such as impedance and yield strength and interfacial phenomena such as friction are quantified using interfacial area evolution as a measure of mixing of the materials. The results show that friction between the particles increases the mixing of the materials only for lower initial theoretical mean densities but does not significantly affect the overall dynamics of the compaction. The deformation and contact between the particles are most strongly influenced by the impedance mismatch of the materials. The difference in yield stress plays a minor role due...
RADIAL meta-analysis: following the rules usually pays off.

We thank Dr. de Souza and colleagues for their careful and thorough evaluation of our recent patient-level meta-analysis (1). They have provided an excellent summary of our methods and findings which we will not spend time repeating here. Instead, we will give an adequate reply to their critique. The issues raised in their paper are important and deserve careful consideration. Our response will address the foremost of their concerns which is the exclusion of the Orebro study by Dreifeldt et al . from our analysis.
Nursing Care at the Pediatric Cardiology Ward

The pediatric cardiology ward has been evolving in complexity of care and patient acuity. The nurse caring for patients in this environment must have a decreased reliance upon technological monitoring with an increase in nursing assessment compared to other critical care areas. Nursing care on the ward encompasses both postoperative care and medical management of patients. Nurses optimize patient’s nutrition goals, pain management and prevention, psychological support, and family support. The ward is a place of transition for acutely ill patients and their families between home, procedural, and intensive care areas with the nurse facilitating successful patient transition by providing education and anticipatory support.
Basic Gynecologic Encounters and Procedures

Obtaining a full gynecological history and performing basic examinations and procedures are all important parts of the well-woman visit. It can be difficult for patients to converse and ask questions regarding their sexual health, and having a provider who is able to establish rapport when interviewing and examining patients can allow for a more relaxed and therapeutic environment (Dennerstein et al., Menopause 14(4):688–696, 2007). The use of simulation to help students learn history taking skills as well as proper gynecologic examination techniques will be reviewed. The goal of this chapter is to identify basic gynecologic encounters and procedures where simulation can help learners improve their skills. We will review available trainer options and discuss the use of standardized patients to provide a multifaceted approach to teach what can be delicate interactions and procedures.
Fracture toughness of random glass fiber epoxy composites: An experimental investigation

An experimental investigation to determine the applicability of linear-elastic fracture mechanics to a randomly oriented, discontinuous fiber epoxy composite is described. Two epoxy resins differing in ductility were reinforced by a glass fiber mat such that the volume fraction of glass could be varied from 20 to 45 percent. The candidate stress-intensity factor (K Q ) was measured using single-edge notched (SEN), double-edge notched (DEN), and notched bend tests (NBT). The effect of specimen thickness, notch-root radius, and a/w ratio was investigated. It is suggested that a conservative value of stress-intensity factor representative of the onset of fiber-matrix debonding (K D ) be utilized for design purposes. It is shown that good correlation for K Q exists between the various types of specimens and that K Q is independent of specimen thickness. K Q is also independent of the a/w ratio for DEN and NBT specimens. It is also shown by calculation that the magnitude of the fracture energy is dominated by the fiber-matrix debonding energy and the fiber pull-out energy.
Investigation of Complications Following Port Insertion in a Cancer Patient Population: A Retrospective Analysis:

Central venous access devices, specifically implantable ports, play an essential role in the care of oncology patients; however, complications are prevalent. This retrospective single-institutional...
STAT-ART: The Promise and Practice of a Rapid Palliative Single Session of MR-Guided Online Adaptive Radiotherapy (ART)

This work describes a novel application of MR-guided online adaptive radiotherapy (MRgoART) in the management of patients whom urgent palliative care is indicated using statum-adaptive radiotherapy (STAT-ART). The implementation of STAT-ART, as performed at our institution, is presented including a discussion of the advantages and limitations compared to the standard of care for palliative radiotherapy on conventional c-arm linacs. MR-based treatment planning techniques of STAT-ART for density overrides and deformable image registration (DIR) of diagnostic CT to the treatment MR are also addressed.
Influence of morphology on electrochemical and capacity performance of open-porous structured electrodes

Organized structures have shown significant improvements in the electrochemical performance of rechargeable batteries. In this research, we investigated three-dimensionally connected open-porous aluminum alloy (AlSi12) as substrate coated with SiO2 nanoparticles as potential electrode in a Li-ion battery. Effects and morphological characteristics of such structure were investigated through electrochemical experiments. Results showed that the electrode performance was influenced by the pore size of the substrate. When the electrode pore size was decreased from 3000 to 2000 µm, there was a decrease of 140% in the electrode-specific capacity. Comparing with the reference sample that has no pores, the specific capacity can be increased by at least a factor of two when pores are introduced. This is due to the transition from the non-Faradic current in the non-porous non-coated electrode to the Faradic current in the porous coated electrode. This finding opens the potential for future study in kinetics of electrochemical reactions in open-pored hierarchical structures.
Automatic clash correction sequence optimization using a clash dependency network

Abstract Building information modeling has demonstrated its advantage to support design coordination, specifically for automatic clash detection. Detecting clashes helps us identify problems, but the process for solving these problems is still manual and time-consuming. This paper proposes using network theory to improve clash resolution by optimizing the clash correction sequence. Building systems are often interdependent of each other, and the dependency relations between building components propagate the impacts of clashes. Ignoring the dependency may cause new clashes when solving a clash or cause iterative adjustments for a single building component. However, a well-organized clash correction sequence can help reduce these issues. Therefore, it is necessary to holistically discuss the clash correction sequence by considering the dependence between clashes. This paper analyzes clash dependencies based on building component dependency relations. We design an optimization algorithm for determining the optimal sequence based on the clash dependency network to minimize feedback dependency, which may cause design rework on a project in project practice. The proposed method is validated on a real building project. After comparing with the natural sequence detected by commercial software, we find that the optimized sequence significantly reduces feedback and automatically groups dependent clashes, which facilitates design coordination.
Aneurisma gigante de la arteria esplénica. Reporte de un caso.

Objetivo: Reportamos el caso de un aneurisma gigante de la arteria esplenica de 9,5cm de diametro, en una mujer de 75 anos de edad, que consulto por sindrome vertiginoso, con hallazgo incidental al examen fisico de masa abdominal pulsatil, confirmado mediante angiotomografia de abdomen y pelvis. Material y Metodos: Registro clinico de una paciente sometida a reparacion quirurgica abierta de una aneurisma gigante de la arteria esplenica. Resultado: Mediante laparotomia, abordaje anterior, se efectua la ligadura del aneurisma con reseccion parcial del saco aneurismatico mas esplenectomia, evolucionando sin complicacion a 12 meses de seguimiento. Discusion: Se define como aneurisma de la arteria esplenica a toda dilatacion mayor a 1 cm de diametro, presenta indicacion quirurgica cuando mide mas de 2cm y se denomina gigante a partir de los 5cm. Conclusion: Los aneurismas de la arteria esplenica son una condicion infrecuente, habitualmente asintomatica, pero potencialmente mortal especialmente en embarazadas; en la literatura solo existen 78 casos reportados de aneurismas gigantes de la arteria esplenica, se recomienda la resolucion quirurgica expedita.
The adventure of responsive teaching: lessons from Cora and Julie Diamond

This essay has several related goals. The first is to contribute to the philosophy of education literature on Cora Diamond while introducing the work of her sister, Julie Diamond, to the field. I i...
Liquid-culture protocols for synchronous starvation, growth, dauer formation, and dietary restriction of Caenorhabditis elegans.

Summary Standard laboratory culture of Caenorhabditis elegans utilizes solid growth media with a bacterial food source. However, this culture method limits control of food availability and worm population density, factors that impact many life-history traits. Here, we describe liquid-culture protocols for precisely modulating bacterial food availability and population density, facilitating reliable production of arrested L1 larvae, dauer larvae, dietarily restricted worms, or well-fed worms. Worms can be grown in small quantities for standard assays or in the millions for other applications. For complete details on the use and execution of these protocols, please refer to Hibshman et al. (2016) , Webster et al. (2018) , and Jordan et al. (2019) .