cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Revisiting Smoot-Hawley

Reed Smoot and Willis Hawley are two deceased members of Congress the world loves to hate. Their principal legislative achievement, the Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930, continues to evoke such disapproving adjectives as “infamous” and “notorious.” To most Americans, that act, which incidentally remains the fundamental tariff law of the U.S., conjures up images of rising tariff barriers, beggar-thy-neighbor nationalism, and ruinous trade wars.
Constraints on Energy Spectra of Blazars based on Recent EBL Limits from Galaxy Counts

We combine the recent estimate of the contribution of galaxies to the 3.6 μm intensity of the extragalactic background light (EBL) with optical and near-infrared (IR) galaxy counts to set new limits on intrinsic spectra of some of the most distant TeV blazars, 1ES 0229+200, 1ES 1218+30.4, and 1ES 1101–232, located at redshifts 0.1396, 0.182, and 0.186, respectively. The new lower limit on the 3.6 μm EBL intensity is significantly higher than the previous one set by the cumulative emission from resolved Spitzer galaxies. Correcting for attenuation by the revised EBL, we show that the differential spectral index of the intrinsic spectrum of the three blazars is -->1.28 ± 0.20 or harder. These results present blazar emission models with the challenge of producing extremely hard intrinsic spectra in the sub-TeV to multi-TeV regime. These results also question the reliability of recently derived upper limits on the near-IR EBL intensity that are solely based on the assumption that intrinsic blazar spectra should not be harder than 1.50.
Chitinase Gene Sequences Retrieved from Diverse Aquatic Habitats Reveal Environment-Specific Distributions

Chitin is an abundant biopolymer whose degradation is mediated primarily by bacterial chitinases. We developed a degenerate PCR primer set to amplify a ∼900-bp fragment of family 18, group I chitinase genes and used it to retrieve these gene fragments from environmental samples. Clone libraries of presumptive chitinase genes were created for nine water and six sediment samples from 10 aquatic environments including freshwater and saline lakes, estuarine water and sediments, and the central Arctic Ocean. Putative chitinase sequences were also retrieved from the Sargasso Sea metagenome sequence database. We were unable to obtain PCR product with these primers from an alkaline, hypersaline lake (Mono Lake, California). In total, 108 partial chitinase gene sequences were analyzed, with a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 13 chitinase sequences obtained from each library. All chitinase sequences were novel compared to previously identified sequences. Intralibrary sequence diversity was low, while we found significant differences between libraries from different water column samples and between water column and sediment samples. However, identical sequences were retrieved from samples collected at widely distributed locations that did not necessarily represent similar environments, suggesting homogeneity of chitinoclastic communities between some environments.
Methods in high resolution gas chromatography. Two-dimensional techniques

Basic methodology to effect the separation of complex samples by gas chromatography is discussed from an experimental point of view. Several possibilities are presented which are commonly used to enhance the information content of a gas chromatographic run. These include incorporation of more than one set of retention data, multiple detectors, and special column switching techniques. These and other techniques have sometimes been labeled “multidimensional” in the literature. An attempt is made to define the term “two-dimensional chromatography”. The review is divided into sections which point out the different directions which have been taken to deconvolute chromatographically unresolved components. Particular emphasis is placed on technology which is capable of dealing with samples of extreme complexity, and instrumentation for trace- and ultratrace analysis is dicussed with specific examples. The future of two-dimensional techniques in gas chromatography is looked into.
A theoretical analysis of wireless localization using RF-based fingerprint matching

Accurately obtaining the position of mobile devices is critical to high-level applications. In indoor environments, localization approaches employing RF-based fingerprint matching is an active research area because it can reuse the existing communication infrastructure, as well as reduce the signal uncertainty to achieve better location accuracy. In this paper, we provide a theoretical analysis of the localization performance when using fingerprint matching schemes. Specifically, we derived an analytic expression for the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the location error and investigated the mathematical relationship between the location error and the sampling points. Particularly, we studied the effects of the number of sampling points and the distance between adjacent sampling points. We further conducted experiments using an 802.11 network in a real office building environment. Our performance evaluation provides strong evidence that theoretical analysis is effective as the experimental results match our analytic study very well.
The Troponin C G159D Mutation Blunts Myofilament Desensitization Induced by Troponin I Ser23/24 Phosphorylation

Striated muscle contraction is regulated by the binding of Ca(2+) to the N-terminal regulatory lobe of the cardiac troponin C (cTnC) subunit in the troponin complex. In the heart, beta-adrenergic stimulation induces protein kinase A phosphorylation of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) at Ser23/24 to alter the interaction of cTnI with cTnC in the troponin complex and is critical to the regulation of cardiac contractility. We investigated the effect of the dilated cardiomyopathy linked cTnC Gly159 to Asp (cTnC-G159D) mutation on the development of Ca(2+)-dependent tension and ATPase rate in whole troponin-exchanged skinned rat trabeculae. Even though this mutation is located in the C-terminal lobe of cTnC, the G159D mutation was demonstrated to depress ATPase activation and filament sliding in vitro. The effects of this mutation within the cardiac myofilament are unknown. Our results demonstrate that the cTnC-G159D mutation by itself does not alter the myofilament response to Ca(2+) in the cardiac muscle lattice. However, in the presence of cTnI phosphorylated at Ser23/24, which reduced Ca(2+) sensitivity and enhanced cross-bridge cycling in controls, cTnC-G159D specifically blunted the phosphorylation induced decrease in Ca(2+)-sensitive tension development without altering cross-bridge cycling. Measurements in purified troponin confirmed that this cTnC-G159D blunting of myofilament desensitization results from altered Ca(2+)-binding to cTnC. Our results provide novel evidence that modification of the cTnC-cTnI interaction has distinct effects on troponin Ca(2+)-binding and cross-bridge kinetics to suggest a novel role for thin filament mutations in the modulation of myofilament function through beta-adrenergic signaling as well as the development of cardiomyopathy.
Late Quaternary distal tephra-fall deposits in lacustrine sediments, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska

Tephra-fall deposits from Cook Inlet volcanoes were detected in sediment cores from Tustumena and Paradox Lakes, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, using magnetic susceptibility and petrography. The ages of tephra layers were estimated using 21 14 C ages on macrofossils. Tephras layers are typically fine, gray ash, 1–5 mm thick, and composed of varying proportions of glass shards, pumice, and glass-coated phenocrysts. Of the two lakes, Paradox Lake contained a higher frequency of tephra (0.8 tephra/100 yr; 109 over the 13,200-yr record). The unusually large number of tephra in this lake relative to others previously studied in the area is attributed to the lake's physiography, sedimentology, and limnology. The frequency of ash fall was not constant through the Holocene. In Paradox Lake, tephra layers are absent between ca. 800–2200, 3800–4800, and 9000–10,300 cal yr BP, despite continuously layered lacustrine sediment. In contrast, between 5000 and 9000 cal yr BP, an average of 1.7 tephra layers are present per 100 yr. The peak period of tephra fall (7000–9000 cal yr BP; 2.6 tephra/100 yr) in Paradox Lake is consistent with the increase in volcanism between 7000 and 9000 yr ago recorded in the Greenland ice cores. © 2007 University of Washingston. All rights reserved.
Prediction of quantitative phenotypes based on genetic networks: a case study in yeast sporulation

An exciting application of genetic network is to predict phenotypic consequences for environmental cues or genetic perturbations. However, de novo prediction for quantitative phenotypes based on network topology is always a challenging task. Using yeast sporulation as a model system, we have assembled a genetic network from literature and exploited Boolean network to predict sporulation efficiency change upon deleting individual genes. We observe that predictions based on the curated network correlate well with the experimentally measured values. In addition, computational analysis reveals the robustness and hysteresis of the yeast sporulation network and uncovers several patterns of sporulation efficiency change caused by double gene deletion. These discoveries may guide future investigation of underlying mechanisms. We have also shown that a hybridized genetic network reconstructed from both temporal microarray data and literature is able to achieve a satisfactory prediction accuracy of the same quantitative phenotypes. This case study illustrates the value of predicting quantitative phenotypes based on genetic network and provides a generic approach.
Harold Schuknecht and pathology of the ear.

Background: Like Joseph Toynbee and Karl Wittmaack before him, Harold Schuknecht understood that studying pathology was the key to advancing the scientific basis of neurotology. His work elucidated the pathophysiology of the most common neurotologic disorders, including benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Meniere's disease, and viral neurolabyrinthitis. Schuknecht was a tireless crusader against medical and surgical treatments that he considered to have little scientific foundation. His textbook Pathology of the Ear remains the definitive work in the field.
Renal and retinal complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the art of changing the outcome.

Over the past decade much has been learned about the relationship between good glycemic control and the alter ation or prevention of long-term renal and retinal complications of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The challenge for diabetes health professionals is to translate knowledge into improved patient care. A model program, using a multidisciplinary team approach, is presented to show how the art of changing the outcome can be incorporated into each patient encounter through screening, education, and counseling.
The costs and benefits of commonality in assemble-to-order systems with a (Q,r)-policy for component replenishment

Abstract In assemble-to-order systems, it has been shown that replacing a number of specific components by a smaller number of general-purpose, common components can reduce required safety stock levels due to the benefits of risk pooling. Previous research using single-period models has shown that even if the common components are somewhat more expensive than the unique components they replace, the benefits of risk pooling often outweigh the added purchasing costs. However, this has been shown often not to be the case with multiple-period models – in the long run, the added purchasing costs dominate the benefits of risk pooling. However, both single- and multiple-period models ignore one of the benefits of commonality – order pooling. With commonality, demand is pooled into a smaller number of components, reducing the required number of orders (or setups). After re-optimizing the order quantities and order intervals, both the ordering costs and cyclic carrying costs are reduced. This paper develops a model to consider the assemble-to-order environment where components are replenished according to a ( Q , r )-policy. Results show that order pooling is a significant benefit; in many cases it is much more important than the risk-pooling benefit. In contrast to multiple-period models, there is often a total cost benefit with commonality, even when the common component is several percent more expensive than the unique components it replaces.
An Imprinted Mouse Transcript Homologous to the Human Imprinted in Prader-Willi Syndrome (IPW) Gene

The Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is caused by genomic alterations that inactivate imprinted, paternally expressed genes in human chromosome region 15q11-q13. IPW, a paternally expressed gene cloned from this region, is not expressed in individuals with PWS, and is thus a candidate for involvement in this disorder. The IPW transcript does not appear to encode a polypeptide, suggesting that it functions at the level of an RNA. We have now cloned a mouse gene, named Ipw, that has sequence similarity to a part of IPW and is located in the conserved homologous region of mouse chromosome 7. The Ipw cDNA also contains no long open reading frame, is alternatively spliced and contains multiple copies of a 147 bp repeat, arranged in a head-to-tail orientation, that are interrupted by the insertion of an intracisternal A particle sequence. Ipw is expressed predominantly in brain. In an interspecies (M.musculus x M.m.castaneus) F1 hybrid animal, expression of Ipw is limited to the paternal allele. We propose that Ipw is the murine homolog of IPW.
Holding the Line: Housing Turnover and the Persistence of Racial/Ethnic Segregation in New York City

This article uses a panel data set of paired observations of housing units for the most recent inter-censal period to examine the micro-level mobility dynamics that maintain disproportionately high...
Parametrized post-Friedmann signatures of acceleration in the CMB

We extend the covariant, parametrized post-Friedmann treatment of cosmic acceleration from modified gravity to an arbitrary admixture of matter, radiation, relativistic components, and spatial curvature. This generalization facilitates the adaptation of Einstein-Boltzmann codes for solving cosmic microwave background and matter perturbations in the linear regime. We use such a code to study the effect of metric evolution on the cosmic microwave background through the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect. We discuss the ability of modified gravity to alter the low multipole spectrum, including lowering the power in the quadrupole. From a principal component description of the primary metric ratio parameter, we obtain general constraints from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe on modified gravity models of the acceleration.
RF bandpass filter design using capacitive degeneration

This work proposes the use of a capacitively degenerated transconductor to construct an RF bandpass filter. The fundamental theoretical elements for the application of this technique are provided. First, the impedance seen from the source/emitter of a transistor with capacitive degeneration and an LC tank connected at its gate/base is analyzed. The conditions under which this impedance exhibits a large value in a narrow bandwidth are obtained showing good agreement between theoretical and simulated results. A general RF filter structure based on the analyzed active resonant cell is introduced and described with a macromodel. A sample 5.2 GHz bandpass filter is designed for a SiGe BiCMOS 0.25 mum process. Simulation results for the designed RF filter show S21 > 6dB, Q > 20 consuming 1 mA from a 2.5 V supply
Force and Shadow in the Making of Precarity: Racialized Bodies and State Power

This article illuminates the ways that citizenship status and race enter into the making of precarity under social policies beyond the exclusions from labor protections, social security, and public assistance (the welfare we hear about) that historians commonly discuss to explain the workings of what I have named the “racialized gendered” state. That is, over the last quarter century, women and gender historians have reshaped the narrative of social politics to show the differential treatment of women by race and class that has reinforced and intensified, even while it has reflected, economic and social inequality. To explore how force generates a shadow, pushing some outside the law to live unnoticed and toil in low-waged and temporary jobs, I turn to immigration policy, especially the threat of deportation that has generated fear for those classified as “alien” or “illegal.” In focusing on the violence of both immigration restriction and segregation, I argue that state power has particularly targeted racialized gendered bodies for the low wages of precarity. That is, we cannot fully understand women and precarious labor without accounting for the ways that race, gender, and citizenship status work together.
DUPUYTREN'S CONTRACTURE OF PALMAR AND PLANTAR FASCIAE

This is the report of a case of bilateral Dupuytren's contracture, typical in appearance and distribution, in which there was at the same time an involvement of the plantar fascia of the right foot. Excision of the mass from the foot was followed by relief. Section of the excised mass showed the typical histological appearance of Dupuytren's contracture.
Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors that interact with both heme propionate and tetrahydrobiopterin show high isoform selectivity

Overproduction of NO by nNOS is implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse neuronal disorders. Since NO signaling is involved in diverse physiological functions, selective inhibition of nNOS over other isoforms is essential to minimize side effects. A series of α-amino functionalized aminopyridine derivatives (3–8) were designed to probe the structure–activity relationship between ligand, heme propionate, and H4B. Compound 8R was identified as the most potent and selective molecule of this study, exhibiting a Ki of 24 nM for nNOS, with 273-fold and 2822-fold selectivity against iNOS and eNOS, respectively. Although crystal structures of 8R complexed with nNOS and eNOS revealed a similar binding mode, the selectivity stems from the distinct electrostatic environments in two isoforms that result in much lower inhibitor binding free energy in nNOS than in eNOS. These findings provide a basis for further development of simple, but even more selective and potent, nNOS inhibitors.
Attitude Estimation Using an Accelerometer and Rate Gyro Based Device

In this paper, a method for estimating aircraft att itude is proposed using an accelerometer based device combined with a gyro based sensors for estimating rotational rates. The device incorporates a series of low-cost accelerometers mounted in a circular arc to determine the local gravitational field vector. Once the local gravitational field vector is determined the orientation of the device can be est imated. However, the attitude estimate occurs at discrete time values and therefore is not a continuous estimate. Rate gyros measurements can be integrated producing continuous attitude estimates. However, the attitude estimates produced by rate gyro integratio n tend to drift over time due to drift and bias inherent to the rate gyro sensor. In this pape r, a method for re-initializing the initial condition of the rate gyro integration estimate is proposed using the discrete attitude estimate found from determining the local gravitati onal field vector. In an addition, the rate gyro biases and drift may be computed with knowledge of attitude at discrete intervals and subtracted from the rate gyro measurements producing a more accurate continuous attitude estimate. For this study, pitch angle estimates are only considered to analyze the feasibility of the proposed method but may be easily extended i ncluding the remaining degrees-offreedom. Simulation results of the proposed device are presented including real-world sensor noise and bias/drift effects analyzing the f easibility of the proposed system. A prototype device has been constructed and is currently being tested in a laboratory environment. Results of the simulation study indica te that accurate attitude estimates can be developed in the presence of large rate gyro drift and bias effects.
Mobility of supercooled liquid toluene, ethylbenzene, and benzene near their glass transition temperatures investigated using inert gas permeation.

We investigate the mobility of supercooled liquid toluene, ethylbenzene, and benzene near their respective glass transition temperatures (Tg). The permeation rate of Ar, Kr, and Xe through the supercooled liquid created when initially amorphous overlayers are heated above their glass transition temperature is used to determine the diffusivity. Amorphous benzene crystallizes at temperatures well below its Tg, and as a result, the inert gas underlayer remains trapped until the onset of benzene desorption. In contrast, for toluene and ethylbenzene the onset of inert gas permeation is observed at temperatues near Tg. The inert gas desorption peak temperature as a function of the heating rate and overlayer thickness is used to quantify the diffusivity of supercooled liquid toluene and ethylbenzene from 115 to 135 K. In this temperature range, diffusivities are found to vary across 5 orders of magnitude (∼10–14 to 10–9 cm2/s). The diffusivity data are compared to viscosity measurements and reveal a breakdown in...
Design of Plasmonic Platforms for Selective Molecular Sensing Based on Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

While the high sensitivity of plasmonic metal nanoparticles in Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is well established, applications of SERS in the selective identification of trace quantities of targeted molecules in a mixture of species remain to be a challenge. In this contribution, we demonstrate the design of plasmonic substrates that selectively enhance specific Raman vibrational bands, thereby offering high molecular sensitivity. We show that by changing the density and shape of plasmonic Ag nanostructures in Ag aggregates we can selectively control their optical properties and the degree to which they enhance different vibrational bands. By correlating the optical extinction spectra of substrates and the enhancement factors for different Raman vibrational bands, we demonstrate that the observed difference in the enhancement of vibrational modes is due to the difference in the localized surface plasmon resonance intensity at the Stokes Raman shifted wavelengths. We also shed light on critica...
CD8-Positive B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Report of Two Cases

Most B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias and a small normal subset of B lymphocytes express the T-cell-associated CD5 antigen; expression of other T-cell antigens has been reported only rarely. The authors report two cases of typical B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, seen during 1 year, in which two-color flow cytometric analysis documented expression of the T-cell-associated CD8 antigen by the monoclonal B cells. Genotypic studies showing immunoglobulin but not T-cell-receptor gene rearrangements confirmed the B-cell origin of the neoplastic cells. The true frequency of the CD8-positive B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, any clinical implications, and the possibility of a normal subset of CD5-positive CD8-positive B cells remain to be determined.
Process optimization and sensory evaluation of konjac filament

The konjac filament has been prepared from fresh konjac flour and potato starch.The production process and conditions of konjac filament were optimized,and the konjac filaments prepared with different conditions were identified and graded.The optimal production ingredients of potato konjac filament were consisted of gelatinized potato starch 100 g,water 100 g,fresh konjac flour 6.5 g and glucomannan concentration of 2.74%～3.28%.The manufacturing processes were as followings:raw materials selection(starch,konjac),gelatinization,expansion,filamentation and fixed form,drying,finished products.The filaments had the best quality(with high boiling resistance and high re-hydration.
Septate Junction Proteins Play Essential Roles in Morphogenesis Throughout Embryonic Development in Drosophila

The septate junction (SJ) is the occluding junction found in the ectodermal epithelia of invertebrate organisms, and is essential to maintain chemically distinct compartments in epithelial organs, to provide the blood-brain barrier in the nervous system, and to provide an important line of defense against invading pathogens. More than 20 genes have been identified to function in the establishment or maintenance of SJs in Drosophila melanogaster Numerous studies have demonstrated the cell biological function of these proteins in establishing the occluding junction, whereas very few studies have examined further developmental roles for them. Here we examined embryos with mutations in nine different core SJ genes and found that all nine result in defects in embryonic development as early as germ band retraction, with the most penetrant defect observed in head involution. SJ genes are also required for cell shape changes and cell rearrangements that drive the elongation of the salivary gland during midembryogenesis. Interestingly, these developmental events occur at a time prior to the formation of the occluding junction, when SJ proteins localize along the lateral membrane and have not yet coalesced into the region of the SJ. Together, these observations reveal an underappreciated role for a large group of SJ genes in essential developmental events during embryogenesis, and suggest that the function of these proteins in facilitating cell shape changes and rearrangements is independent of their role in the occluding junction.
Standing Surgery of the Neck and Thorax

Many surgical procedures of the head and neck can be safely performed in the standing horse, with easy access to all aspects of the surgical field. Some procedures, such as tracheotomy, are easier to perform with the horse standing with the head in a more natural position than with the horse under general anesthesia. Procedures of the neck and thorax that require evacuation of purulent and necrotic material from confined spaces, such as occur in horses with esophageal ruptures and extensive intrathoracic abscesses, can be done as standing procedures to avoid the risks of general anesthesia on severely debilitated patients.
Qualitative analysis for social scientists: Integrative diagrams and integrative sessions

Undoubtedly, the most difficult skill to learn is “how to make everything come together” – how to integrate one's separate, if cumulative, analyses. If the final product is an integrated theory, then integrating is the accurate term for this complex process. (See also Chapter 1.) This is why the inexperienced researcher will never feel secure in how to complete an entire integration until he or she has struggled with the process, beginning early and ending only with the final write-up. Perhaps the integration is more difficult for grounded theorists because they cannot integrate their research by opting for “story lines,” resting only on a conceptual framework, or on several themes or on a few concepts, or on concepts that are not carefully related to each other in the total analysis. Correspondingly, the most difficult to convey feature of memo writing pertains to the integrative features; including, how the important categories are kept doggedly in analytic focus, and how that focus is embodied in a sequence of memos. These memos will be sorted from time to time, and from that summary, memos will be written, such as the one on safety in the previous chapter. Along with the sorting, the memo sequences and a succession of operational integrative diagrams, together, can help to keep the cumulative analysis much more orderly – and more clear, in the researcher's head. Given the difficulty of teaching, let alone learning, how to integrate the complex analyses involved in grounded theory studies, we shall present in each of the next two chapters a fairly lengthy case. These will illustrate integrative steps. There are also, in this chapter, commentaries written, after three consultative sessions, by the recipients.
Combined Cyclophosphamide, Fludarabine, Alemtuzumab, and Rituximab (CFAR), an Active Frontline Regimen for High-Risk Patients with CLL.

Patients (pts) with CLL have diverse clinical features, including time to first treatment (Rx), response to Rx, remission duration, and outcomes with salvage Rx. We identified serum beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) of 4 mg/L or greater as a high-risk feature, predicting for lower complete remission (CR) rate and shorter progression-free survival (PFS), with frontline chemoimmunotherapy. For pts 2 d3–5; F-20mg/m 2 d3–5; A-30mg IV d1,3,5, and R-375–500mg/m 2 d2, each 28 days for 6 intended courses. Tumor lysis prophylaxis was allopurinol 300 mg/d for 7d, course 1 only. Neulasta 6mg d6 was routine. Antibiotic prophylaxis was TMP-SMZ DS twice daily 2–3 d/wk and valacyclovir (VA) or valgancyclovir (VG) during and for at least 2 months after completion of treatment. CMV antigen in blood was monitored before each course. There currently are 40 pts registered on this trial. The median age for the 21 pts currently evaluable for response was 63 yrs (43–69), B2M was 5.1mg/L (4–9.8), ALC was 72 K/μL (6–355), HGB was 10.9gm/dL (7.9–13.5), and PLT was 158 K/μL (65–390); 13 were Rai high-risk. The median time from diagnosis to Rx was 35 (2–117) mo. The median number of cycles administered was 4 (3–6). Reasons for not completing 6 courses included delayed recovery of counts (6), pt choice (3), AIHA (2), infection (1), and Rx failure (1). CR was achieved in 71%, nPR in 5%, PR in 19%, and 1 pt of 21 did not respond. All pts in CR and nPR and 3 of 4 in PR were free of disease in the bone marrow by 3-color flow cytometry. There was no significant correlation between CR or OR and Rai stage, IgV H mutation status, FISH status, or ZAP70 or CD38 expression. Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were seen in 27% and 7% of courses, respectively. Major and minor infections were seen in 2% and 8% of courses and FUO in 34% of courses. These FUO included A-infusion related fevers. CMV reactivation occurred in 2/8 pts who received VA and none of 13 pts who received VG prophylaxis during treatment. Two pts developed CMV reactivation 3–6 months after they switched from VG to VA after completing CFAR. In conclusion, CFAR is an active and promising frontline regimen in higher-risk pts with CLL. Accrual and treatment continue on this clinical trial.
The value of university relations to IT industry partners: the case of the NJIT e-Business Laboratory

Some IT industry leaders have realized how valuable university relations can be for their own corporate strategy and long term growth. This is due in part to the changing landscape of IT education and research in higher education institution, which is moving from a fundamental to a more applied and hands-on focus. We present here the case of the NJIT e-Business Laboratory (NJIT eLab), and discuss the various benefits it can provide to industry partners. We then conclude with some lessons for both parties and the efforts ahead to build stronger industry-academia relations.
Public policy and workforce in early childhood education

The fault lines that deﬁ ne early childhood education policy and divide the early childhood education ﬁ eld have been evident in the United States for hundreds of years (Beatty, 1997). Should it be a public or private responsibility? Should it be part of the public schools? Is the primary goal child care or education? Should programs focus on children in poverty or serve all children? Can states be trusted to administer federally funded programs? Ambivalence and differences of opinion about the answers to these questions have shaped early childhood policy from colonial times and continue to do so today (Beatty, 1997; Cahan, 1989; Karch, 2013). As policy has evolved, it has intensiﬁ ed the divisions within the ﬁ eld, perhaps making them more difﬁ cult to resolve. As a result, there is no single early childhood care and education (ECCE) workforce. Instead, there are three (or four) distinct workforces.
Animal, Vegetable, Prosthesis: Medieval Care Networks in the Lives of Three English Saints

AbstractThis essay employs a hybrid ecocritical and disability studies approach to explore the depiction of physical impairment in Matthew of Paris’ thirteenth-century illuminated lives of Alban and Edward and a twelfth-century illumination of Bede’s Life of Cuthbert. Using these three texts as case studies in a larger hagiographic tradition, it investigates moments of material contact between saints and supplicants with non-normative bodies and the natural world, including the gout-stricken Cuthbert’s encounter with care-giving otters and King Edward’s use of water as therapy for a procession of variously impaired pilgrims. In thinking about the alliances forged between humans and environmental actors as “medieval care networks,” the paper argues that an interdisciplinary approach to these narratives deepens our understanding of bodily difference in the Middle Ages by envisioning medieval impaired persons as co-weavers of an intricate web of human, animal, elemental, and prosthetic relations.
Quantitative Analysis of Electrochemical and Electrode Stability with Low Self-Discharge Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

The viability of employing high-capacity sulfur cathodes in building high-energy-density lithium–sulfur batteries is limited by rapid self-discharge, short shelf life, and severe structural degradation during cell resting (static instability). Unfortunately, the static instability has largely been ignored in the literature. We present in this letter a long-term self-discharge study by quantitatively analyzing the control lithium–sulfur batteries with a conventional cathode configuration, which provides meaningful insights into the cathode failure mechanisms during resting. Utilizing the understanding obtained with the control cells, we design and present low self-discharge (LSD) lithium–sulfur batteries for investigating the long-term self-discharge effect and electrode stability.
Naturalizing Religion: Superstition, Enthusiasm, and Religious Conduct

In 1757 Bishop William Warburton, Hume’s implacable enemy, obtained a manuscript copy of Hume’s Four Dissertations. The first was a piece that was eventually published as The Natural History of Religion. He then wrote to Andrew Millar, Hume’s friend and publisher, in order to persuade him to suppress the work. “Sir,” he wrote, “I supposed you would be glad to know what sort of book it is which you are about to publish with Hume’s name and yours to it. The design of the first essay is the very same with all Lord Bolingbroke’s, to establish naturalism, a species of atheism....”1 Hume disdained Warburton as a bully: petulant, insolent, and abusive. (Letters-H, II, 244)2 Even so, the bully Bishop clearly understood what Hume was about in the Natural History. A naturalistic account was indeed Hume’s overriding design in writing this work.3 Published in 1757, the Natural History was probably written between 1749 and 1751, around the same period Hume was also working on the posthumously published Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion.4 The Dialogues in fact attack the much vaunted design argument for the existence of God. The existence of a perfectly designed universe implies the existence of a Perfect Designer: this was the eighteenth-century bulwark against atheism and the conceptual linchpin of natural religion. 5 Hume’s Dialogues, however, were damaging. As Norman Kemp Smith proclaims in his own “Introduction” to the Dialogues: “[t]he argument from design is, [Hume] suggests, the ‘religious hypothesis’ par excellence, yet is not defensible.”6 Though Hume, as Kemp Smith goes on to suggest, had resorted to writing in the dialogue form so as to dissimulate his iconoclastic intentions, he nevertheless decided to delay the publication of the Dialogues until after his death knowing that it would greatly offend Christians and that the outcry from his critics would be shrill.7
Navigating gendered labor and local food: A tale of working mothers in Vermont

ABSTRACTOver the past several decades, the state of Vermont has become a national leader in the local food movement. Located along the banks of Lake Champlain, Chittenden County is a hub for the local food movement and innovative food security efforts. This article presents qualitative data from a collaborative research project examining the multiple ways that Chittenden County residents access, prepare, and share food. Following the model of “critical case studies,” I focus in on the narratives of six working mothers from diverse cultural backgrounds to examine the work of these mothers related to accessing, preparing, and sharing food and how this work is shaped by intersections of cultural identity and gendered obligations. I argue that narratives of food and family are a meaningful site for examining the lived dimensions of local food systems and shared values related to food that are culturally familiar and embedded in social relationships.
Probiotics in Newborns and Children

Microbes and humans have been closely associated throughout evolution; this symbiotic and/or commensal relationship is crucial for normal development and health. The use of probiotics has been the topic of intense investigation in the past couple of decades because they have the capability to promote health. Based on these studies, it can be debated whether they are being used to promote overall health or to treat and prevent diseases. This review provides an overview and analysis of evidence about what is currently known about the health benefits of these agents that are marketed for use in children and neonates.
Socioeconomic Outcomes of Women Who Receive and Women Who Are Denied Wanted Abortions in the United States.

Objectives. To determine the socioeconomic consequences of receipt versus denial of abortion.Methods. Women who presented for abortion just before or after the gestational age limit of 30 abortion facilities across the United States between 2008 and 2010 were recruited and followed for 5 years via semiannual telephone interviews. Using mixed effects models, we evaluated socioeconomic outcomes for 813 women by receipt or denial of abortion care.Results. In analyses that adjusted for the few baseline differences, women denied abortions who gave birth had higher odds of poverty 6 months after denial (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.77; P < .001) than did women who received abortions; women denied abortions were also more likely to be in poverty for 4 years after denial of abortion. Six months after denial of abortion, women were less likely to be employed full time (AOR = 0.37; P = .001) and were more likely to receive public assistance (AOR = 6.26; P < .001) than were women who obtained abortions, differences...
Leveraging the Power of Big Data Analytics for Process Scheduling under Uncertainty using a Stochastic Robust Optimization Approach

Abstract This paper is concerned with the multipurpose batch process scheduling problem under uncertainty. A novel process scheduling model is developed using a data-driven stochastic robust optimization approach to hedge against uncertainty. Labeled multi-class uncertainty data collected in batch productions are modelled with machine learning methods including Dirichlet process mixture model and maximum likelihood estimation. A stochastic robust process scheduling modelling framework is further proposed based on the data-driven uncertainty model through a bi-level optimization structure. The outer optimization problem follows a two-stage stochastic programming approach to optimize the expected profit obtained from the scheduling horizon over different data classes; adaptive robust optimization is nested as the inner problem to ensure the robustness of the process schedule while maintaining computational tractability. A case study on batch process scheduling under processing time and product demand uncertainties is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheduling framework.
Rising Powers and International Politics: A Liberal Systemic Perspective

Abstract: The future of international politics hinges on the behavior of the rising powers. Today, all eyes are on non-Western rising powers, most notably China and India. When the rising powers are examined as a class of states, two empirical trends emerge. First, these states are not pursuing a balancing strategy; second, they are pursuing a strategy of integration into the Western liberal order. Realist unipolar theory explains the ‘missing balance.’ But unipolar theory is not helpful in explaining why rising powers have pursued a bonding strategy, or institutional and economic integration. This article seeks to explain the bonding behavior of rising powers by developing a liberal systemic theory.
Carboxylic ester hydrolase activity in hairless and athymic nude mouse skin.

The carboxylic ester hydrolase activity was compared in athymic nude mouse skin and hairless mouse skin with respect to hydrolytic ability, heat inactivation, pH optima, and substrate specificity. Five aliphatic 5′-esters of 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (IDU) were incubated with skin homogenate preparations, and the effect of linear chain length and branching of the ester substituent on hydrolysis rate was evaluated. The ester hydrolase activity was three times higher in athymic mouse skin relative to hairless variety. In both mice skin preparations maximum hydrolysis rates were obtained with the valeryl ester followed by butryl, isobutyryl, propionyl and pivaloyl derivatives. Kinetic studies, however, revealed that higher ester hydrolase activity (Vmax) in athymic mouse skin is also associated with higher Km values, while the carboxylic ester hydrolases from these two different strains of mice have similar biochemical properties with respect to heat inactivation and pH optima. Athymic mouse skin resembled hairless mice skin in terms of cholinesterase content. A significant fraction (70–80%) of ester hydrolyzing activities in both strains of mice skin resulted from cholinesterases (true and/or pseudo). The remaining activity was attributed to different ester cleaving enzymes in the two strains of mice. Carbonic anhydrases and arylesterases contributed to the ester hydrolyzing activity of the athymic and normal hairless mice skins, respectively. Product inhibition by the regenerated hydrolytic product, free IDU, was also noticed which resulted in incomplete conversion of rapidly hydrolyzable 5′-esters such as the valeryl and butyryl derivatives.
The Activity of New Drugs Against Mouse Tumours

In 1974, more than 39,000 synthetic compounds and 8,000 crude natural product extracts were submitted to the National Cancer Institute for evaluation of their antitumour activity in laboratory models. For more than 75% of the synthetic materials, the amount received was 2.0 g. or less. Testing of a large number of new materials available in limited quantity requires the use of an initial biological screen which is rapid, reproducible, inexpensive and above all, predictive for clinical utility.
Restructuring in corporate law: Stratification of opportunity structures within firms

Tasks that constitute the division of labor – the content of work itself, in other words – are increasingly recognized as a potential mechanism of stratification within organizations and occupation...
Helping Men to Control Ejaculation

Young and middle-aged men often long to lengthen the duration of their sexual intercourse experiences. Clinicians can help—sometimes—and in ways that do not require long-term therapy.
From Molecules to Networks: Adoption of Systems Approaches in Circadian Rhythm Research

In the 1990s circadian rhythm researchers made enormous progress in identifying the components and operations within the responsible mechanism in various species using the tools of molecular biology. In the past decade it has proven essential to supplement these with the tools of systems biology both to identify additional components but especially to understand how the mechanism can generate circadian phenomena. This has proven especially important since research has shown that individual neurons in the mammalian mechanism are highly variable and that the way they are organized in networks is crucial to generating regular circadian behavior.
Keep Calm and Tweet On: Legal and Ethical Considerations for Pathologists Using Social Media

Recent privacy breaches by a major social media company have again raised questions from some pathologists regarding the legality and ethics of sharing pathology images on social media. The authors examined ethical principles as well as historic and legal precedents relevant to pathology medical photography. Taking and sharing photographs of pathology specimens is embedded into the culture of the specialty of pathology and has been for more than a century. In general, the pathologist who takes the photograph of a gross or microscopic specimen owns the copyright to that photograph. Patient consent is not legally or ethically required to take or use deidentified photographs of pathology specimens. Current US privacy laws (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act [HIPAA] of 1996) permit public sharing of deidentified pathology photographs without specific patient consent, even on social media. There is no case law of action taken against pathologists for sharing deidentified pathology images on social media or elsewhere. If there is any legal risk for pathologists or risk of patient harm in sharing pathology photographs, it is very small. The benefits of professional social media use for pathologists, patients, and society are numerous and well documented in the literature.
Ancient lives : an introduction to archaeology and prehistory

Focusing on sites of key significance and the world’s first civilizations, Ancient Lives is an accessible and engaging textbook which introduces complete beginners to the fascinating worlds of archaeology and prehistory. Drawing on their impressive combined experience of the field and the classroom, the authors use a jargon-free narrative style to enliven the major developments of more than 3 million years of human culture. First introducing the basic principles, methods, and theoretical approaches of archaeology, the book then provides a summary of world prehistory from a global perspective. This latest edition provides an up-to-date account of human evolution and the origins of modern humans. It explores the reality of life in the prehistoric world. Later chapters describe the development of agriculture and animal domestication, and the emergence of cities, states, and preindustrial civilizations in widely separated parts of the world. Our knowledge of these is changing thanks to revolutionary developments in LIDAR (light detection and ranging) technology and other remote-sensing devices. With this new edition updated to reflect the latest discoveries and research in the discipline, Ancient Lives continues to be a comprehensive and essential introduction to archaeology. It will be ideal for students looking for an accessible guide to the subject.
Correction to: Impact of Channel Deepening on Tidal and Gravitational Circulation in a Highly Engineered Estuarine Basin

In the original article on page 1589, right column, second paragraph, seventh line, there is an error in the equation.
“Accidental conditioning” with chronic methamphetamine intoxication: Implications for a theory of drug habituation

Methedrine was chronically administered twice a day to a group of cats over a period of eleven days. The stereotyped behavior elicited after injection became increasingly constricted over the eleven days. After Day 1 when the cats were placed in the observation cages just prior to injection, the stereotyped behavior would most often be initiated even before the injection, indicating a conditioning process. The behavior induced, as well as the parameters of reward, appears to fit well the accidental contingencies conditioning paradigm.