cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vaccines I would Not Use in My Cattle

There are numerous vaccines available for cattle. Each of them were developed with the intent to provide protection from infectious agents that are believed to cause clinical disease. However, development of disease in susceptible animal is dependent not only on the host and pathogen, but also on many management factors. Certain of the current vaccines are better than others in providing protection from specific diseases. Differences among vaccines are significant and depend on the amount of antigen, the serotype (specificity) of the antigens, whether the antigen is live or non-infectious, the route of administration, the number of doses given, the adjuvant and other vaccine factors. Equally important are the many host factors such as age of the animal, the amount of passively acquired antibody present at time of vaccination, the nutritional status of the animal, immunogenetics and additional host factors. Management must also be considered such as crowding, ventilation, sanitation, water and feed sources (e.g. contamination), stress related to movement, assembly of animals from various sources, environmental factors such as fluctuations in temperatures, as well as other management factors.
Effects of explicit instruction on noun phrase production in L2 undergraduate writing

Abstract While previous research on syntactic complexity development in academic writing recommends incorporating instruction on complex noun phrases into L2 writing curricula, little is known about the effects of such teaching. Therefore, this study examined writing by undergraduate students enrolled in L2 writing courses to determine whether explicit teaching of complex noun phrases could lead to more register-appropriate use of these features. Specifically, this research compared diagnostic and final in-class writing produced by 30 students who received explicit noun phrase instruction and also conducted a separate analysis of 30 papers by writers who did not experience such teaching. Since prompts were found to be a mediating factor in previous research, this variable was also considered in the analysis. The results demonstrate that while both groups displayed patterns of development, targeted instruction led to more frequent use of complex noun phrases in general and of noun phrase modifiers associated with advanced stages of syntactic complexity development. Additionally, while prompts had an effect on some noun phrase features, overall trends in development remained unchanged. These findings support claims from previous research that explicit teaching of complex noun phrases may benefit writers’ syntactic complexity development.
Demystifying Love: Plain Talk for the Mental Health Professional

Preface. The Nouns of Love. The Verbs of Love. Professional Humility and the Erotic Transference. The Path to Love: Psychological Intimacy. Sexual Desire: Simplicity and Complexity. Infidelity: Vital Background Concepts. Infidelity: The Work of the Therapist. Love is Connection-Disconnection-Reconnection. Index.
Risky Business: Behavioral Profiles of Sexually-Impulsive Adults in the United States

The goal of the present study is to clarify the heterogeneity of risky behav- iors (such as substance use, gambling, and crime) and psychiatric disorders among a large sample of 5304 nationally representative adults who acknowledge engaging in sexually-impulsive behaviors. Participants were selected from more than 43,000 re- spondents of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of sexually-impulsive individuals and then multinomial regression was used to identify the relative risk for comorbidity with related impulsive behaviors or psychiatric disorders. Results showed that a four class solution provided the best fit and revealed higher odds of experiencing specific comorbid risky behaviors or psychiatric disorders based on class membership. Results challenge the widely held notion that self-regulatory behaviors are impacted globally, and instead suggest that certain self-regulatory behaviors are more likely to be impacted when other underlying conditions are present in sexually-impulsive individ- uals. Implications of this heterogeneity and recommendations for health care providers are discussed.
Populations and Problems Evaluated with Functional Assessment

B.F. Skinner (1953) first emphasized that a scientific analysis of behavior requires an understanding of the cause–effect relationship between behavior and the environmental conditions that are associated with its occurrence. Skinner termed the understanding of this cause–effect relationship “a functional analysis of behavior.” As methods for examining these relationships have expanded, the analyses of behavioral contingencies have come to be known more generally as functional assessment. The terms functional assessment and functional analysis are frequently used interchangeably; however, it is useful to distinguish between these two terms, as they often connote different meanings. Functional assessment typically is conceptualized as a broad category of procedures used to assess the function of behavior. These include indirect methods and direct methods (Miltenberger, 1999). Indirect methods assess the function of behavior without requiring any direct observation or experimental manipulation of the behavior, such as structured interviews (O’Neill, Horner, Sprague, Storey, & Newton, 1997) and questionnaires/checklists (Paclawskyj, Matson, Rush, Smalls, & Vollmer, 2000; Singh, Donatelli, Best, & Williams, 1993). Direct methods of functional assessment are procedures that utilize direct observation or experimental manipulation for assessing the function of behavior (Miltenberger, 1999). Included in direct observational methods are assessment techniques that result in correlational outcomes, such as gathering Antecedent–Behavior–Consequence (A–B–C) data (Bijou, Peterson, & Ault, 1968) and structured descriptive assessments (Anderson & Long, 2002), but also include experimental methods that result in the demonstration of cause–effect relationships (Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman, & Richman, 1982/1994). The term functional analysis often is used to refer to more direct and experimental assessment procedures. The selection of procedures often is dependent on a number of factors, including the individual being assessed, the behavior of interest, resources available for assessment, context of the assessment, and the cost–benefit analysis of conducting the assessment (Johnston & O'Neill, 2001; Scott, Anderson, Mancil, & Alter, 2009). Vollmer, Marcus, Ringdahl, and Roane (1995) have provided practical guidance on making decisions about and progressing through functional assessment procedures, suggesting that practitioners begin with more brief assessment procedures and proceed to more time-consuming, costly extended assessments as needed.
Tissue Specific Complement Gene Expression: Evidence for Novel Functions of the Complement Proteins

Not since the first decade following the discovery of complement, approximately 100 years ago, has the accumulation of knowledge about the complement system been as rapid, broad and deep. Table 1 lists the complement proteins and receptors and references in recent reviews (Colten and Gitlin, in press; Reid and Day 1989) summarize many of these advances. This remarkable conceptual progress has been primarily due to the application of molecular cloning methods to studies of complement genes and gene products. This symposium highlights a few areas in which these advances have already yielded practical as well as fundamental information.
Chapter 1 Further Experimental Properties of Superfluid 3He

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses experiments that consist of dynamic, or non-equilibrium orbital, as opposed to spin, and effects that play a major role in either motivation or interpretation. The ultrasonic propagation and viscous effects are orbitally related phenomena that are studied experimentally and theoretically as a tool for understanding other orbital effects. The chapter also explains critical or ‘onset’ flow velocities in the superfluids, even though the basic quantitative experiments in a proper geometry with oriented liquid have yet to be performed. Measurement of ultrasonic attenuation and velocity allow a number of interesting parameters to be determined and compared for consistency.
Thermal Structure and Metamorphic Evolution of Subducting Slabs

Subducting lithospheric slabs represent the cool, downwelling limbs of mantle convection and the negative buoyancy of slabs (slab pull) drives plate tectonics [Forsyth and Uyeda, 1975]. Subduction zones are regions of intense earthquake activity, explosive volcanism, and complex mass transfer between the crust, mantle, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. In this contribution, I focus on the thermal, petrologic, and seismological processes that occur in subducting slabs. The dynamics of the mantle wedge, which is coupled thermally and mechanically to the subducting slab, is discussed in other workshop contributions. General observations regarding subduction zones Subduction zones are cool because oceanic lithosphere (the Earth’s cold boundary layer) descends into the mantle more rapidly than heat conduction can warm the slab. The chilling effect of subduction is reflected in surface heat flux measurements < 0.03 W/m 2 in subduction-zone forearcs (one-half of the average global surface heat flux). In well-studied subduction zones like Cascadia, forearc heat flux decreases systematically from the trench to close to the volcanic front [Hyndman and Wang, 1995]. Cold subducting slabs are well resolved as high-velocity regions in seismic tomography studies [Zhao et al., 1994]. Lowtemperature, high-pressure metamorphic rocks (blueschists, eclogites) characterize paleosubduction zones and provide an important record of the unusually cool temperatures at depth in subduction zones. Despite being cool, almost all subduction zones are distinguished by active arc volcanism which in turn requires that rocks melt in subduction zones. Early thermal models of subduction zones assumed a priori that arc magmas represented direct melts of the subducting slab and these models incorporated very high rates of shear heating [Oxburgh and Turcotte, 1970; Turcotte and Schubert, 1973]. Over time this view has evolved and most arc magmas are currently thought to represent partial melts of the mantle wedge induced by the infiltration of aqueous fluids derived from the subducting slab [e.g., Gill, 1981]. The origin of arc magmas, however, remains an area of active research and debate.
Mitochondrial fusion, fission and autophagy as a quality control axis: The bioenergetic view

Abstract The mitochondrial life cycle consists of frequent fusion and fission events. Ample experimental and clinical data demonstrate that inhibition of either fusion or fission results in deterioration of mitochondrial bioenergetics. While fusion may benefit mitochondrial function by allowing the spreading of metabolites, protein and DNA throughout the network, the functional benefit of fission is not as intuitive. Remarkably, studies that track individual mitochondria through fusion and fission found that the two events are paired and that fusion triggers fission. On average each mitochondrion would go though ~ 5 fusion:fission cycles every hour. Measurement of Δ ψ m during single fusion and fission events demonstrates that fission may yield uneven daughter mitochondria where the depolarized daughter is less likely to become involved in a subsequent fusion and is more likely to be targeted by autophagy. Based on these observations we propose a mechanism by which the integration of mitochondrial fusion, fission and autophagy forms a quality maintenance mechanism. According to this hypothesis pairs of fusion and fission allow for the reorganization and sequestration of damaged mitochondrial components into daughter mitochondria that are segregated from the networking pool and then becoming eliminated by autophagy.
An NMR Characterization of the regA Protein-binding Site of Bacteriophage T4 Gene 44 mRNA*

The conformations of two RNA dodecamers that differ markedly in affinity for the regA protein from bacteriophage T4 have been examined by NMR to see if the ability of that protein to discriminate between mRNAs is based on pre-existing differences in their three-dimensional structures. One of the RNAs examined has the same sequence as the site where regA protein binds when it inhibits the expression of gene 44's mRNA. The second RNA differs from the first in having a U instead of a G at position -9; it binds regA protein 100 times less tightly. The NMR data indicate that both RNAs have similar single-stranded conformations and that they each resemble an isolated strand of a double helix. They also show that most, if not all of the ribose rings in both molecules have appreciable 2'-endo puckering. It is unlikely that regA protein distinguishes between these two molecules on the basis of differences in their global conformations in solution.
Tumor-penetrating aerosol nanocomposite microparticles for the treatment of lung cancer

One of the major public health problems in the Unites States is cancer, where over 1 in 4 deaths is due to this disease each year. As of 2010, lung and bronchus cancers are the leading types of cancer-related deaths in all ages for males and females in the US [1]. The chemotherapeutic treatment most often applied for lung cancer is intravenous paclitaxel (PTX) in the form of Taxol. Methods used to treat respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) involve the use of aerosols devices. The first use of aerosolized chemotherapy was reported in 1968 [2]. The advantage of using aerosols treatment is the targeting directly to the lungs and the reduction of systemic side effects provoked by high doses of drug in the body. In this project we have developed a dry powder nanocomposite microparticle (nCmP) aerosol containing PTX-loaded nanoparticles comprised of acetalated dextran (Ac-Dex). Ac-Dex is easily biodegradable and results in fast release of therapeutic agents under acidic conditions as seen in tumor tissues [3]. In addition to the drug, a tumor-penetrating peptide (iRDG) was conjugated to Ac-Dex to help the targeting and penetration into the inner layers of solid tumors. Finally, we formulated nCmPs in mannitol via spray drying. The effectiveness of the complex drug produced was tested in lung cancer cells (A459 lung adenocarcinoma) in two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) cell culture studies.
Sphenoid marsupialization for chronic sphenoidal sinusitis.

Objectives To review experience with sphenoid marsupialization and describe the technique using new instrumentation. Study Design Retrospective review of five cases of chronic sphenoid sinusitis that were resistant to standard medical and surgical methods, which were treated by sphenoid marsupialization. Methods Charts were reviewed and patients were interviewed regarding postoperative resolution of symptoms. Results Five cases of recalcitrant sphenoid sinusitis were reviewed. All patients had headache before surgery, and two had visual disturbance. In follow-up ranging from 1 to 87 months, all were free of symptoms related to the sphenoid sinus. Conclusions Marsupialization is an effective method of exteriorizing a chronically infected sphenoid sinus. The use of functional endoscopic sinus surgery instruments and the TAC attachment of the Midas Rex drill make this surgery possible.
Electro- And Magneto-Optic Effects In Heavy Metal Oxide Glasses

Stable glasses composed of two or more of the oxides of bismuth, lead, gallium, and cadmium have been previously reported as having infrared cut-offs of about 8pm, significantly more transmissive than any other oxide glass. They are yellow, having a lower absorption edge at about 470 nm. Refractive indices are about 2.4 at 0.6μm and 2.2 at 5μm. The material dispersion and cross-over wavelength are favorable for low-loss optical fibers operating near 3μm.
Pedagogical representations to teach linear relations in Chinese and U.S. classrooms: Parallel or hierarchical?

Abstract This study investigates Chinese and U.S. teachers’ construction and use of pedagogical representations surrounding implementation of mathematical tasks. It does this by analyzing video-taped lessons from the Learner's Perspective Study, involving 15 Chinese and 10 U.S. consecutive lessons on the topic of linear equations/linear relations. We examined patterns of pedagogical representations that Chinese and U.S. teachers construct over a set of consecutive lessons, but also investigated the strategies of using representations to solve mathematical problems by Chinese and U.S. teachers. It was found that multiple representations were constructed simultaneously to develop the connection of relevant concepts in the U.S. classrooms while selective representations were constructed to develop relevant concepts in the Chinese classrooms. This study is significant because it contributes to our understanding of the cultural differences involving Chinese and U.S. students’ mathematical thinking and has practical implications for constructing pedagogical representations to maximize students’ learning.
Mutagenesis of lambda phage: 5-bromouracil and hydroxylamine.

Mutagenesis by 5-bromouracil of lambda phage to clear plaque formers does not depend on the recA function of the host E. coli cell or on the red function of the phage. Pretreatment of the host cells with ultraviolet light does not affect bromouracil mutagenesis of the adsorbed phage. Mutagenesis by hydroxlamine to clear plaque formers takes place at a high level in recA - host cells, and is not changed by preirradiation of rec + (wild type) hosts with ultraviolet light. Thus, bromouracil and hydroxylamine appear to mutate λ phage by a process which differs from that responsible for ultraviolet mutagenesis. Two characteristics of bromouracil mutagenesis —the nonlinear dependence of the number of mutants on bromouracil incorporation, and a high frequency of heterozygotes — fit in with Rydberg's (1977) picture of bromouracil mutagenesis as a consequence of base mispairing, with mismatch repair removing the mutations at low incorporation of the analog.
Using Hybrid and Problem-Based Learning Techniques to Enhance Teaching Effectiveness in a Large Feedback Controls Lecture Course

Enrollments in Mechanical Engineering programs continue to increase. Unfortunately, increases in faculty size have not kept pace at many universities, resulting in large course enrollments in even junior- and senior-level major courses. The primary goals of this study were to increase (or at least maintain) the quality of instruction, and increase student competency and understanding in a large lecture course having the same instructional personnel resources as a course with 60% of the enrollment. Hybrid and problem-based learning techniques, along with two optional weekly recitation sessions and an online discussion forum were incorporated into the course to meet these goals.The course, a classical controls course, is one in which course concepts are generally considered to be a bit abstract to a considerable percentage of the class. The instructor had previously taught the course several times, so a well-paced course schedule and solid foundation of course notes were already in place. Student evaluation instruments in previous offerings included weekly homework, bi-weekly short quizzes, two exams and the final exam.For the large lecture course (with an enrollment of 84 students), the evaluation instruments (homework, quizzes and exams) remained the same; however, the students formed self-selected triad teams. Approximately two-thirds of the quizzes, one-half of the homework and sixty percent of the final exam questions were assigned to the triad teams (the balance and both mid-term exams were individual submissions). The primary advantages of group quizzes and assignments were multi-fold: they facilitated group learning and peer-teaching to reinforce course concepts and allowed the instructor and teaching assistant to give the type of detailed feedback on submissions that would have been difficult or impossible to give on 84 individual submissions.Course notes (including short Echo360 modules), handouts and homework and quiz solutions were maintained on an online course management system (i.e., Blackboard); additionally, the use of an online threaded discussion forum, Piazza, allowed students to post/answer questions (anonymously, if desired) and follow discussions about course content.Team-based learning techniques were heavily used in latter course topics; the assigned readings, along with online course notes were used to prepare the students for the individual readiness assessment tests (RATs). Students discussed their answers on the RAT instruments in their triad groups (another opportunity for peer teaching) and disclosed group answers (which generally reflected a much higher level of understanding) to the entire class.Student assessment of course techniques and a comparison of traditional (lecture-based) and hybrid-/problem-based techniques will be used to assess the efficacy of the problem-based approach and to suggest improvements for future offerings.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Multiple steady state solutions in a multi-junction structure

Abstract Using the conventional drift-diffusion model, multiple steady state solutions are constructed for a PNPN-junction structure using a combination of numerical and asymptotic techniques. We assume constant mobilities and a piecewise constant doping profile.
Serious as a heart attack: health-related content of late-night comedy television.

Although the medical community hoped that Vice President Dick Cheney's public experiences with heart problems and subsequent treatments would serve to raise awareness, educate the public about heart disease and treatment options, and showcase advances in cardiac care, late-night comedians saw Cheney's health problems as joke fodder. Comedians like Jay Leno, David Letterman, and Conan O'Brien ridiculed Cheney in their monologues, suggesting the vice president was frail, weak, and near death-certainly not a "poster boy" for contemporary cardiac care. This investigation presents a textual analysis of late-night comedy monologue jokes from July 25, 2000, to October 7, 2003. The themes that emerge in the jokes include Cheney's infirmity, his questionable fitness for office, and ridicule for his state-of-the-art defibrillator. Implications of health-related content in late-night comedy programs are offered, including the potential impacts on health knowledge and attitudes toward illness. This study takes an imp...
Estimating linear models with ordinal qualitative regressors

Abstract The theory and application of ordinal qualitative dependent variable models have been given considerable attention in the social science and statistical literatures. Linear models with ordinal qualitative regressors have, however, been neglected. In this paper a simple specification for such models is developed and a consistent asymptotically normal estimator is offered. The estimator is compared to the conventional dummy variable approach using simulated data. The simulation results indicate that substantial gains with regard to bias and efficiency can be achieved relative to estimation using a conventional dummy variable scheme. Said gains appear to increase as the number of ordinal categories increases. The asymptotic properties of the estimator are detailed in the appendices.
Cutting corners: Ckos and knowledge management

Purpose – Recently, the demise of the dot.com mania, coupled with slow economic growth has caused organizations to cut costs in an attempt to improve efficiency and the bottom line. Discontinuing or suspending knowledge management efforts and disbanding the chief knowledge officers' (CKOs) role is one common response from most organizations faced with these cost and efficiency pressures. The purpose of this paper is to describe why firms choose to cut knowledge management efforts and point to the deleterious long‐term effects of this course of action.Design/methodology/approach – The approach is based on discussions with executives.Findings – The paper highlights three common reasons why firms choose to cut knowledge management efforts, namely: knowledge management is seen as a luxury, not a necessity; knowledge management is subsumed under information technology methods; and investment in knowledge management does not offer immediate results. Moreover, the paper argues that cutting knowledge management e...
The Impact of Disablers on Predictive Inference.

People consider alternative causes when deciding whether a cause is responsible for an effect (diagnostic inference) but appear to neglect them when deciding whether an effect will occur (predictive inference). Five experiments were conducted to test a 2-part explanation of this phenomenon: namely, (a) that people interpret standard predictive queries as requests to estimate the probability of the effect in the presence of the cause alone, which renders alternative causes irrelevant, and (b) that the impact of disablers (inhibitory causes) on predictive judgments is underestimated, and this underestimation is wrongly interpreted as cause neglect. Experiment 1 showed that standard predictive queries are frequently interpreted as requests to estimate the likelihood of E given C alone. In Experiment 2, a causal Bayes network overestimated predictive inference when it was queried in the standard way, but this overestimation diminished when predictive inference was queried using an alternative wording. In Experiment 3, participants judged alternative causes to be relevant to diagnostic inference and both disablers and alternative causes to be relevant to predictive inference. In Experiment 4, disablers greatly overshadowed alternative causes in predictive judgments, but their impact on diagnostic judgments was negligible. In Experiment 5, the order of disabler retrieval influenced causal judgments. Taken together, these results indicate that human causal inference cannot be adequately modeled unless the manner in which knowledge is retrieved and applied is taken into consideration.
Multifunctional theranostic nanoparticles for brain tumors.

Antiangiogenic approaches have been extensively exploited to provide a rationally designed therapy for the treatment of brain cancer. The brain tumor endothelium, with characteristics of high proliferation, high permeability, and high expression of proangiogenic factors (such as vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF), is a particularly appealing therapeutic target for this strategy. Many antibody drugs, which primarily target the interaction between VEGF and its receptors, have been investigated in clinical trials but have shown only modest effects. Recent research published by Agemy et al.1 has alternatively harnessed a tumor-homing peptide (CGKRK) to specifically deliver multifunctional theranostic nanoparticles composed of iron oxide nanoworm (NW) and mitochondria-targeted cytotoxic peptide D[KLAKLAK]2 to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) endothelium. Moreover, with the help of a tumor-penetrating peptide (iRGD), the NWs were capable of infiltrating the tumor tissue after extravasation for tumor cell eradication. This strategy was evaluated in lentivirus-induced, transplantable, and orthotopic brain tumor models. Complete tumor ablation was achieved in the first model and significant prolongation of survival was observed in the latter two models, suggesting promise for eventual clinical application.
Comparative Performance of Ankle Arthroscopy with and without Traction

Background: Ankle arthroscopy has evolved as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Traditionally, it is performed with traction because of the tight ankle joint space. Original traction techniques wer...
Endovascular Canine Anastomotic Stenting

Abstract The healing characteristics and morphological features of a trans-anastomotic endovascular multifilament flexible metallic stent (Wallstent, Schneider) were investigated in a canine end-to-end arterial model. Both femoral arteries of 12 conditioned mongrel dogs were exposed, then transversely divided and reanastomosed. One anastomosis was randomly chosen for stent placement. Stents were chosen to match the diameter of the femoral arteries and were 25 mm in unconstrained length. Animals were sacrificed at intervals of 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks. The anastomotic segments were pressure perfusion fixed and sectioned. The cross-sectional luminal, intimal, and medial areas were calculated from computer digitized images of the individual sections. Data were analyzed by univariate repeated measures analysis of variance. Stented anastomoses had an increased luminal area as compared with the anastomosis of non stented sections (P
Case studies of IT sophistication in nursing homes: A mixed method approach to examine communication strategies about pressure ulcer prevention practices

Abstract Most nursing homes lack information technology (IT) for supporting clinical work in spite of its potential to improve the safety, quality, and efficiency of nursing home care in the United States. Increased attention to medical error and concern for patient safety have prompted general recommendations to develop sophisticated technologies to support clinical decision making at the point of care, to promote data standards in electronic records, and to develop systems that communicate with each other. However, little is known about what IT applications best support communication and risk assessment practices to improve resident outcomes in nursing homes. Thus, the overall aim of this study was to evaluate how differences in IT sophistication in nursing homes impact communication and use of technology related to skin care and pressure ulcers. We used a mixed method approach to conduct case studies on two nursing homes – one with high IT sophistication and one with low IT sophistication. Observational analysis and social network analysis were used to identify patterns in communication types and locations; also, focus groups were conducted to explore communication strategies used by Certified Nursing Assistants (CNAs) to support pressure ulcer prevention practices. Overall, results from social network analysis of observational data indicate that direct interactions between CNAs and registered nurses (RNs) or licensed practical nurses (LPNs) were more frequent in the low IT sophistication home and occurred in more centralized locations (e.g. the nursing station) compared to the high IT sophistication home. Moreover, these findings are supported by focus group results, which indicate that the high IT sophistication home had more robust and integrated communication strategies (both IT and non IT) that may allow for interactions throughout the facility and require less frequent face to face interactions between CNAs and RNs or LPNs to verify orders or report patient status. Results from this study provide insight into the design and assessment of different forms of communication to support clinical work in NHs. Relevance to industry Nurses bear great burdens for nursing home care; yet, issues persist with poor quality, variable performance of caregiving, and lack of implementation of proven care interventions. One new hope for improvement in nursing home care is the introduction of IT to improve communication, clinical decision-making, and quality of care.
Hemodynamic effects of inhalation of ammonia in man.

Abstract Inhalation of spirits of ammonia causes a reflex constriction of resistance blood vessels in the limbs, an increase in systemic arterial blood pressure and a reflex constriction of the capacitance vessels—all of which serve to raise cardiac filling pressure. These hemodynamic effects provide ample reason for the effectiveness of this traditional treatment for the common faint.
In Vitro cytotoxicity of organic pollutants to bluegil sunfish (BF-2) cells

BF-2 cells, an established cell line derived from bluegill sunfish, (Lepomis macrochirus), were exposed to 18 organic toxicants, with cytotoxicity being assayed by the neutral red (NR) technique. Based on the concentration of toxicant that reduced lysosomal uptake of neutral red by 50% (NR50), the rank order of cytotoxicity was methyl mercury greater than pentachlorophenol greater than 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol greater than 2,3,5-trichlorophenol greater than 2,3-dinitrotoluene greater than 2,4,6-trichlorophenol greater than 2,4-dichlorophenol greater than 2,4-dichlorotoluene greater than 6-chloro-3-hydroxytoluene greater than o-chlorotoluene greater than 4-chlorophenol greater than 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol greater than 2,4-dinitrophenol greater than 4-nitrophenol greater than 3-methylphenol greater than phenol greater than toluene. Published in vivo LC50 values were identified for 11 of the 18 test agents and, with the exception of 2,4-dinitrophenol, there was a good correlation between the in vitro cytotoxicity of the test agents and their in vivo waterborne acute toxocity. The potencies of the substituted phenolics and chlorinated toluenes as determined by the in vitro cytotoxicity assay correlated strongly with their log octanol/water partition coefficients (log P). However, the toxicity of 2,3-dinitrotoluene in vitro, and apparently also in vivo, was not a function of its log P value.
Direct preparation of 14C‐labeled 5‐allyl‐ and 5‐propyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine from [2‐ 14C]2′‐deoxyuridine

[2-14C]5-Allyl-2′-deoxyuridine was synthesized directly from [2-14C]2′-deoxyuridine using mercury, palladium, and 3-chloropropene. [2-14C]5-Propyl-2′-deoxyuridine was obtained by hydrogenation of the [14C]5-allyl-2′-deoxy-uridine. Advantages of the synthetic method and its application to the preparation of other radiolabeled 5-alkyl/alkeny1-2′-deoxyuridines are discussed.
Statistical and nonstatistical nonadiabatic photodissociation from the first excited state of the hydroxymethyl radical

Photodissociation of hydroxymethyl (H2COD) from the first excited state, a Rydberg 3s state, can produce either H+HCOD or H2CO+D. These processes involve a seam of conical intersections. An analysis of the seam is reported based on a pointwise determination of the three gradient vectors that characterize a conical intersection: the energy difference gradient and the coupling gradient, which span the branching space, and the gradient of the average energy. These data are used to understand why H, but not D is produced at energies near threshold, the difference in the recoil anisotropy for H and D dissociation, and whether H or D will be produced impulsively or after formation of an intermediate complex.
Micropatterned Surfaces Functionalized with Electroactive Peptides for Detecting Protease Release from Cells

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) regulate composition of the extracellular matrix and play a critical role in cancer, fibrosis, and wound healing. This article describes a novel peptide-based electrochemical biosensor for detecting activity of cell-secreted protease MMP9. In this sensing strategy, a peptide specific to MMP9 was modified with a redox label (methylene blue (MB)) and immobilized on microfabricated 300 μm diameter Au electrodes. Challenging the electrodes with known concentrations of MMP9 resulted in the cleavage of the MB containing peptide fragment and caused a decrease in electrical signal measured by square wave voltammetry (SWV). The limit of detection for MMP9 was determined to be 60 pM with a linear range extending to 50 nM. In preparation to detect cell-secreted MMP9, glass surfaces with Au electrode arrays were further micropatterned with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) gel to define annular cell adhesive regions next to electrodes and render the remainder of the surface nonfouling. The ...
Photoelectron Angular Distributions of s Electrons in Open-Shell Atoms

It is shown that the photoelectron angular distribution of $s$ electrons in an open-shell atom, having outer configuration $n{s}^{2}n{p}^{q}$, is not described by the asymmetry parameter $\ensuremath{\beta}=2$, as predicted by more approximate theories, but has dramatic variations with energy even within $\mathrm{LS}$ coupling. Calculations for the $3s$ subshell in Cl are presented as an example.
The development of monolithic alternating current light-emitting diode

The monolithic alternating current light emitting diode (ACLED) has been revealed for several years and was regarded as a potential device for solid state lighting. In this study, we will discuss the characteristics, development status, future challenges, and ITRI's development strategy about ACLED, especially focusing on the development progress of the monolithic GaN-based Schottky barrier diodes integrated ACLED (SBD-ACLED). The SBD-ACLED design can not only improve the chip area utilization ratio but also provide much higher reverse breakdown voltage by integrating four SBDs with the micro-LEDs array in a single chip, which was regarded as a good on-chip ACLED design. According to the experimental results, higher chip efficiency can be reached through SBD-ACLED design since the chip area utilization ratio was increased. Since the principle and the operation condition of ACLED is quite different from those of the typical DCLED, critical issues for ACLED like the current droops, the flicker phenomenon, the safety regulations, the measurement standards and the power fluctuation have been studied for getting a practical and reliable ACLED design. Besides, the "AC LED application and research alliance" (AARA) lead by ITRI in Taiwan for the commercialization works of ACLED has also been introduced.
A stable light pulser for gain stabilizing photomultiplier tubes

Abstract We describe a light pulser consisting of an 241 Am source deposited on a CsI crystal, and a method for distinguishing these light pulses from those in a NaI scintillator.
A note on memory for sense: Incidental recognition of warnings phrased as conditionals, disjunctives, and conjunctives

Warnings may be phrased as conditionals, as conjunctive sentences, or as disjunctive sentences with the first clause negated; and subjects judge warnings variously phrased as above to the equivalent in meaning. Performance on an incidental recognition test after a cover rating task indicates that there is much confusion among the different phrasings of warnings even when these involve such radically different sentence operators as IF, AND, and OR and suggests that memory is responsive to sense or meaning rather than the particular form in which it is realized.
Phosphorus-31 NMR spectroscopy using a loop-gap resonator

Abstract The loop-gap resonator provides a simple and convenient alternative for large volume probes that are now practical for applications to NMR spectroscopy. A 400 ml probe is described for use in a large-bore magnet which is easily constructed, has high Q and excellent signal to noise that permits NMR spectroscopic examination of large volume but dilute samples.
Geochemistry of meteoric calcite cements in some Pleistocene limestones

In this study, the stable isotope and trace element geochemistries of meteoric cements in Pleistocene limestones from Enewetak Atoll (western Pacific Ocean), Cat Island (Bahamas), and Yucatan were characterized to help interpret similar cements in ancient rocks. Meteoric calcite cements have a narrow range of δ18O values and a broad range of δ13C values in each geographical province. These Pleistocene cements were precipitated from water with stable oxygen isotopic compositions similar to modern rainwater in each location. Enewetak calcite cements have a mean δ18O composition of −6.5%0 (PDB) and δ13C values ranging from −9.6 to +0.4%0 (PDB). Sparry calcite cements from Cat Island have a mean δ18O composition of −4.1%0 and δ13C values ranging from −6.3 to + 1.1%0. Sparry cements from Yucatan have a mean δ18O composition of −5.7%0 and δ13C values of −8.0 to −2.7%0. The mean δ18O values of these Pleistocene meteoric calcite cements vary by 2.4%0 due to climatic variations not related directly to latitude. The δ13C compositions of meteoric cements are distinctly lower than those of the depositional sediments. Variations in δ13C are not simply a function of distance below an exposure surface. Meteoric phreatic cements often have δ13C compositions of less than —4.0%0, which suggests that soil-derived CO2 and organic material were washed into the water table penecontemporaneous with precipitation of phreatic cements. Concentrations of strontium and magnesium are quite variable within and between the three geographical provinces. Mean strontium concentrations for sparry calcite cements are, for Enewetak Atoll, 620 ppm (σ= 510 ppm); for Cat Island, 1200 ppm (σ= 980 ppm); and for Yucatan, 700 ppm (σ= 390 ppm). Equant cements, intraskeletal cements, and Bahamian cements have higher mean strontium concentrations than other cements. Equant and intraskeletal cements probably precipitated in more closed or stagnant aqueous environments. Bahamian depositional sediments had higher strontium concentrations which probably caused high strontium concentrations in their cements. Magnesium concentrations in Pleistocene meteoric cements are similar in samples from Enewetak Atoll (mean =1.00 mol% MgCO3; σ= 0.60 mol% MgCO3) and Cat Island (mean = 0.84 mol% MgCO3; σ= 0.52mol% MgCO3) but Yucatan samples have higher magnesium concentrations (mean = 2.20 mol% MgCO3: σ= 0.84mol% MgCO3). Higher magnesium concentrations in some Yucatan cements probably reflect precipitation in environments where sea water mixed with fresh water.
Sense of coherence as a predictor of quality of life in persons with coronary heart disease surviving cardiac arrest

The unique contribution of sense of coherence to explained variance in quality of life was studied in 149 persons with coronary heart disease who survived cardiac arrest. Using hierarchical multiple regression, 16 predictors, including 5 social status variables related to poor health vulnerability, perceived social support, self-esteem, and 9 variables reflecting instability and work of the chronic illness trajectory, accounted for 50% of variance in quality of life. The addition of sense of coherence resulted in a 15% increment to the explained variance (total R2 = .64). As a strong independent predictor of quality of life, sense of coherence has promise as a variable that might be strengthened by nursing interventions and merits continued study.
The role of values in implementing progressive organizational practices

This paper seeks to provide an understanding of the conditions which lead to successful implementation of progressive organizational practices. The nature of organizational practices and values is examined in an effort to understand this process. A model is developed which highlights the importance of a fit between management values, organizational beliefs, and practices. The article concludes with suggestions for practical use of the model.
Role of carbon dissolution during manganese oxidation in CO-CO2 Atmospheres

The role of carbon produced from the decomposition of CO-CO2 gas mixtures traditionally is ignored during oxidation experiments, and only the oxygen potential established by the gas mixture is generally considered. Accordingly, to overcome this problem, a model which takes into account both carbon and oxygen dissolution into a p-type scale has been developed and tested. Two distinct cases of the model were tested at 1002°C. In the first case, variable CO/CO2 ratios were used to determine the parabolic kinetics. Thus, both variable oxygen and carbon potentials were studied. In the p-type region of MnO, the developed model appeared to hold quite well. In the second case, constant CO-CO2 ratios diluted with helium were utilized to maintain a constant oxygen potential with a variable carbon activity. The developed model appeared to hold again for the p-type region of MnO. Metallographically it was noted that the MnO scale developed exhibited an outer compact region and an inner layer that was somewhat porous.
Ultraviolet irradiation of small portions of nerve cell processes in tissue culture

Abstract The Uretz ultraviolet microbeam provides an effective and convenient probe for experiments on cultures of nervous tissue, because of its accuracy and the ease with which the size and shape of the beam may be varied. In cultures of adult Amblystoma spinal ganglia, 2-μ segments of small neurites were exposed to a microbeam for 10 to 60 seconds. Time-lapse motion pictures of subsequent changes were made, using medium dark, phase-contrast optics. Exact irradiation dosages were not determined because accurate measurements of the distance of the processes from the quartz cover slip could not be made, but when irradiation of adequate intensity reached the neurite, the portion distal to the target site disintegrated. When observation was continued beyond 24 hours the new termination resumed growth. Survival of the distal portion and repair of the break after complete interruption of the process, as observed by Levi and Meyer in chick embryo cultures, was never seen. In some experiments bombardment was followed by extreme thinning of the process, requiring good phase-contrast optics to observe the continuity of the fiber. Distal to the attenuated region the process developed irregular enlargements, which moved longitudinally but not in a continuous distalward flow. This tendency for motion to occur in either direction was also characteristic of beadlike enlargements of processes, both before and after irradiation. If such irregular to and fro activity has any correlation with the apparent distal movement of axoplasm reported by Weiss and Hiscoe after constricting nerve trunks, these experiments do not offer an explanation of its significance.
Investigation of the Stall Hammershock at the Engine Inlet

The peak static pressures measured at the inlet to the engine during stall are presented for a turbojet and two turbofan engines. It is shown for one turbofan and the turbojet that the static pressure ratio across the hammershock does not exceed significantly the normal shock pressure ratio necessary to stop the flow. The second turbofan engine did not follow this rule. Possible reasons for the departure are discussed. For the two turbofan engines the influence of the stall method on the hammershock intensity has been investigated. Data related to the spatial distribution of pressure in the hammershock are also presented. Nomenclature a = speed of sound Cp = specific heat at constant pressure M = Mach number P - total pressure P = static pressure T = static temperature t = time
An output error model and algorithm for electromagnetic system identification

The identification problem for electromagnetic objects excited by transients is discussed. Several classes of models are reviewed, and an output error model is selected. An algorithm for solving the transient identification problem using this model is presented, and some of the issues connected with its use are considered. Examples of the application of this algorithm to electromagnetic data are given.