cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lung Nodule with Increasing Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake in a Patient with a History of Lung Carcinoma and Talc Pleurodesis Evaluated by EBUS-TBNA On-Site Assessment.

Background: Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography (PET) scan is an indicator of potential malignancy or infection. Patients with a history of talc pleurodesis can develop pleural or lung parenchymal nodules/talcomas. In these patients, talc-associated (non-malignancy-related) FDG uptake may occur over years. Case Report: A 66-year-old female presented with a past medical history significant for resected non-small-cell lung cancer and was treated with chemotherapy/radiation. The referring physician indicated that she subsequently developed benign pleural effusions and had talc pleurodesis to limit recurrence. The patient was referred to our institution for endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial fine-needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) due to a new left upper lobe nodule with increasing FDG uptake on follow-up interval PET performed at the referring institution. On-site cytologic evaluation showed no evidence of malignancy, but found refractile foreign material, consistent with the presence of talc particles. Conclusion: This case presents the importance of cytologic recognition of talc particles during on-site evaluation and discusses the phenomenon of increasing PET-FDG uptake associated with talc pleurodesis.
Demonstration of Persistent Infections and Genome Stability by Whole-Genome Sequencing of Repeat-Positive, Same-Serovar Chlamydia trachomatis Collected From the Female Genital Tract

Background The biology of recurrent or long-term infections of humans by Chlamydia trachomatis is poorly understood. Because repeated or persistent infections are correlated with serious complications in humans, understanding these processes may improve clinical management and public health disease control. Methods We conducted whole-genome sequence analysis on C. trachomatis isolates collected from a previously described patient set in which individuals were shown to be infected with a single serovar over a lengthy period. Results Data from 5 of 7 patients showed compelling evidence for the ability of these patients to harbor the same strain for 3-5 years. Mutations in these strains were cumulative, very uncommon, and not linked to any single protein or pathway. Serovar J strains isolated from 1 patient 3 years apart did not accumulate a single base change across the genome. In contrast, the sequence results of 2 patients, each infected only with serovar Ia strains, revealed multiple same-serovar infections over 1-5 years. Conclusions These data demonstrate examples of long-term persistence in patients in the face of repeated antibiotic therapy and show that pathogen mutational strategies are not important in persistence of this pathogen in patients.
Bistability and Asynchrony in a Boolean Model of the L-arabinose Operon in Escherichia coli.

The lactose operon in Escherichia coli was the first known gene regulatory network, and it is frequently used as a prototype for new modeling paradigms. Historically, many of these modeling frameworks use differential equations. More recently, Stigler and Veliz-Cuba proposed a Boolean model that captures the bistability of the system and all of the biological steady states. In this paper, we model the well-known arabinose operon in E. coli with a Boolean network. This has several complex features not found in the lac operon, such as a protein that is both an activator and repressor, a DNA looping mechanism for gene repression, and the lack of inducer exclusion by glucose. For 11 out of 12 choices of initial conditions, we use computational algebra and Sage to verify that the state space contains a single fixed point that correctly matches the biology. The final initial condition, medium levels of arabinose and no glucose, successfully predicts the system’s bistability. Finally, we compare the state space under synchronous and asynchronous update and see that the former has several artificial cycles that go away under a general asynchronous update.
Direito E Robótica - Uma Primeira Aproximação (Robots and the Law - a First Take)

Portuguese Abstract: A possibilidade de aparelhos e objectos autonomos sempre exerceu sobre a humanidade um misto de fascinio e temor. A rapida evolucao tecnologica transforma a ficcao cientifica de ontem no nosso quotidiano de amanha. Preve-se “o fim das profissoes”, “amor e sexo com robots”, e mesmo “robots assassinos”. O Direito, como meio natural (e humano) de regulacao de interesses e resolucao de conflitos, nao pode ignorar estes desenvolvimentos. Este texto visa explorar as interseccoes entre Direito e robotica. Para o efeito comeca por procurar definir o que se deve entender por robot e discutir que tratamento e que os robots merecerao no quadro das categorias juridicas. Depois pondera varios impactos no âmbito dos direitos fundamentais, designadamente em materia de emprego, distribuicao de riqueza, privacidade, propriedade, liberdade e grau de intervencao Estadual. As questoes de responsabilidade (civil e penal) envolvidas na utilizacao de robots sao analisadas no quadro actual do direito positivo e na perspectiva do direito a constituir. Pondera-se a responsabilidade dos seres humanos envolvidos e a eventual responsabilidade dos proprios robots. O texto lida ainda com a Propriedade Intelectual, tendo em conta a possivel necessidade de proteger novos resultados, em especial dados industriais, e o enquadramento das criacoes produzidas por robots. Concluiu-se que apesar de ainda nao se justificar a autonomizacao de um ramo do Direito sera necessario adaptar algumas regras por via interpretativa e mesmo por via legislativa. English Abstract: The existence of autonomous machines has always elicited feelings of fascination and fear. The quick pace of technological evolution turns yesterday’s science fiction into tomorrow’s everyday life. As a result the end of professions, love and sex with robots, as well as killer robots, have been predicted. The Law as the natural mechanism to regulate conflicting interests cannot ignore these developments. This text aims to explore the intersections of Robots and the Law. In order to so, it starts by defining robot and discuss the way robots should be legally framed. Afterwards it ponders on several impacts in the field of fundamental rights, namely employment, wealth distribution, privacy, property, freedom and degrees of State intervention. Questions of civil and criminal liability are critically examined de lege lata and de lege ferenda. The possible liability of humans involved with robots as well as that of robots themselves is evaluated. The text also deals with Intellectual Property discussing the introduction of a new right for raw industrial data and the treatment of robot creations. The text concludes that although there is not yet an autonomous field of law, there is a need to adapt some of the existing rules to accommodate some of the foreseeable changes.
Concluding Remarks: The Human Factor Quality and the Way Forward Toward Effective and Efficient Human Resources Management

This is the final chapter in the book. As the last chapter, its primary focus is concentrated on certain selected concluding remarks regarding the human factor and its role in effective and efficient human resources management and public administration. In this chapter, it is also pointed out that to ignore the human factor quality in any endeavor is in the business organization is to perennially jeopardize its long term survival. Indeed, any people who are either ignorant of or relegate to the back burner the ongoing education of the various levels of personnel in the business organization is to be doomed long before it happens. To avoid this plight, it is imperative to remain keenly aware of the significance of the positive human factor qualities to the long-term health of the business organization.
THE PRESSURIZED SPHERE PROBLEM FOR NON-LINEAR VISCOELASTIC MATERIALS WITH A STRAIN CLOCK

A constitutive equation for nonlinear viscoelasticity is used to model the mechanical response of solid amorphous polymers such as polycarbonate. The nonlinearity arises from a reduced time variable which causes stress relaxation to occur faster as strain increases. This reduced time is referred to as a ‘strain clock’. This constitutive equation is used to study the problem of a hollow sphere subjected to different pressure histories at its inner and outer surfaces. It is shown that if the reduced time, or strain clock, depends only on the volumetric strain, then the governing equations admit a solution which has a number of important consequences. First the spatial distribution of displacements has the same form as for a linear elastic or linear viscoelastic material. The time evolution depends on the material properties. Second, if the pressure is specified at the inner and outer surfaces, the resultant stress distribution is independent of material properties, and is the same as for linear elastic or l...
Utilization of Emergency Action Plans by Collegiate Academic Recreation Programs

Emergency Action Plans (EAP) provide detailed instructions for handling emergency situations including natural disasters, major injuries and illnesses within recreational academic programs. The pur...
Carcass traits, cut yields, and compositional end points in high-lean-yielding pork carcasses: effects of 10th rib backfat and loin eye area.

Pork carcasses (n = 133) were used to investigate the influence of carcass fatness and muscling on composition and yields of pork primal and subprimal cuts fabricated to varying levels of s.c. fat. Carcasses were selected from commercial packing plants in the southeastern United States, using a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement with three levels of 10th rib backfat depth ( 2.54 cm) and three levels of loin eye area (LEA; 41.9 cm 2 ). Sides from the selected carcasses were shipped to the University of Georgia for carcass data collection by trained USDA-AMS and University of Georgia personnel and fabrication. Sides were fabricated to four lean cuts (picnic shoulder, Boston butt, loin, and ham) and the skinned belly. The four lean cuts were further fabricated into boneless cuts with s.c. fat trim levels of 0.64, 0.32, and 0 cm. The percentages of four lean cuts, boneless cuts (four lean cuts plus skinned, trimmed belly) at 0.64, 0.32, and 0 cm s.c. fat, fat-free lean, and total fat were calculated. Data were analyzed using a least squares fixed effects model, with the main effects of 10th rib backfat and LEA and their interaction. Fatness and muscling traits increased (P 0.05) by LEA category, whereas the yield of boneless loin and ham increased (P < 0.05) as LEA category increased. Compositionally, the percentage of four lean cuts, boneless cuts at varying trim levels, and fat-free lean decreased incrementally (P < 0.05) as backfat depth increased, whereas parentage total fat and USDA grade increased (P < 0.05) as backfat depth increased. As LEA increased, percentage boneless cuts trimmed to 0.32 and 0 cm s.c. fat and fat-free lean increased and total fat decreased; however, the difference was only significant in the smallest LEA category. Collectively, these data show that decreased carcass fatness plays a greater role in increasing primal and subprimal cut yields and carcass composition than muscling even in lean, heavily muscled carcasses.
Graft Selection for Revision ACL Reconstruction

Although primary ACL reconstructions have been considered a successful operation, success rates have still only ranged from 75 to 97 %. Consequently, several thousand revision ACL reconstructions are performed annually. Failures include frank graft rupture and structural failure as well as functional failure with residual instability and pivoting despite the presence of an intact graft. When planning a revision ACL reconstruction, one of the most important considerations is the graft choice. Despite the prevalence of revision ACL reconstruction, there is no universally agreed upon graft choice. Generally, autografts are the preferred graft for revision ACL reconstructions due to their more rapid and complete incorporation into the host tissue, but allograft tissue is used if there are limited autograft options available or if autograft use is relatively contraindicated secondary to patellofemoral pathology. This chapter will focus on the qualities of the different graft sources available (autografts, allografts, and synthetic grafts) along with the advantages and disadvantages of each option.
Electronic Spectroscopy of Metal-Metal σ-Symmetry Interactions

The electronic spectra of d7-d7 metal-metal-bonded compounds are dominated by σ→σ* transitions, where the lowest energy transition is either metal-metal (dσ→dσ*) or axial-ligand charge transfer (L(σ)→dσ*); the relative energetics are determined mainly by metal-metal bond strength and axial-ligand reducing character. In some cases, both σ→σ* transitions are observed. Relatively weak electronic absorption bands are attributable to dπ→dσ*(M2) and dπ→dσ*(M-Leq), where the ligand-field strength of the equatorial ligand controls the relative excitation energies. The equatorial ligands also affect the strength of the metal-metal bond, and the L(σ)→dσ* transition is shown to be strongly responsive to this perturbation. If the lowest energy σ→σ* transition is L(σ)→dσ*, however, its energy need not correlate with the metal-metal bond length. The electronic spectra of mixed-valence (e.g., d7-d8) and longer-chain metal-metal-bonded compounds can be interpreted in terms of the molecular orbital levels developed for d7-d7 species.
Creating “informating” systems using Agile development practices: an action research study

We use action research to understand the concepts of automating and informating, and study whether agile development practices could be an enabler of informating functionalities. Two questions base...
American State Ballot Initiatives and Income Inequality

Some have argued that the ballot initiative process prevalent in many American states might lower inequality. We contend this is improbable based on what is known about whether expansion of democracy leads to redistribution, the attitudes of citizens, and the characteristics of the initiative process. Nevertheless, the proposition needs testing. We examine three types of evidence. First, we analyze the content and passage of all post-World War II initiatives going to voters in California, a state that makes heavy use of ballot propositions. Second, we model institutional factors influencing differences in inequality at the state-level from 1976–2014 to test the aggregate-level effect of ballot initiatives on income inequality. Third, we use individual level data to evaluate the claim that frequent initiative use makes lower income people happier because it helps to reduce inequality. Our analyses consistently indicate that the ballot initiative process fails to reduce income inequality.
The Impact of a Workplace Wellness Program on Provider Health in Early Childhood Education Settings.

Background: Early childhood education (ECE) working environments often contribute to poor health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to describe healthy eating–related and physical activity–rel...
Parents' Perspectives on Supporting Father Involvement in African American Families During Pregnancy and Early Infancy

Abstract Objective To explore fathers' pregnancy and early infancy experiences in supporting his infant, partner, and himself, using information collected from fathers, mothers, and mother-father dyads in a low-income, urban community. Background Father involvement is associated with positive child health outcomes and parental well-being. However, little information exists about low-income parents' perceived needs for father involvement during pregnancy and infancy. Methods This was an exploratory qualitative study of parents in low-income communities of Baltimore, Maryland. Participants were conveniently sampled via partnerships with community organizations. Eighty percent of parents were African American. Four focus groups were conducted with fathers (n = 8), 4 with mothers (n = 9), and 4 interviews with father-mother dyads (n = 8). Sessions were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using iterative, inductive open coding performed independently by two team members (interrater agreement 86%). Frequency tables were generated for identified categories for content analysis and theme development. Results Five themes were identified: perspectives on the father role, supporting partners, negotiating co-parenting, parenting logistics, and learning parenting skills. Participants expressed the importance of fathers to “be there” and barriers to being involved (e.g., finances, lack of role models). Fathers discussed needing to learn how to manage partner conflicts, while mothers discussed fathers' need for greater empathy. Dyads discussed the importance of co-parenting strategies (e.g., effective communication, sharing responsibilities). Logistics included direct infant care, finances, and community resources. Fathers discussed learning by trial and error rather than informational resources and relying on healthcare professionals for pregnancy information and female relatives for infant care. Conclusion Participants discussed various needs of fathers to be effective partners and parents, and lacking informational resources tailored specifically for fathers. Research is needed to explore the best ways to tailor and disseminate information to fathers, especially prenatally. Implications Study findings have significant implications for improving the ways in which maternity care, community-based programs, and pediatric providers support father involvement.
Moving Policy toward a Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child Approach to Support Children Who Have Experienced Trauma.

BACKGROUND As attention to the potential negative outcomes of childhood trauma has grown, so have calls for schools to take an active role in supporting students experiencing trauma. These calls extend beyond efforts initiated by individual schools to include those mandated by state law, which largely focus on teacher training and on screening for adversity. METHODS This article explores the evidence base and limitations for current approaches in state law and explores how policies to address other student health, safety, and wellness issues can help either ameliorate or exacerbate students' experiences with trauma. RESULTS Few trainings for nonclinical staff have rigorous evidence of effectiveness, and based on evidence of teacher trainings on other topics, cannot work in environments that do not actively reinforce and encourage the application of that knowledge. Trainings also largely do not acknowledge the structures and systems, including systemic racism within schools, that may contribute to disparate rates of adversity for black and American Indian and Alaskan Native children. Screening carries several risks, including confounding adversity with experiencing trauma, missing broader contextual adversity, and potentially retraumatizing children. CONCLUSIONS State policymakers need to take a more holistic approach in creating policies to support students experiencing trauma.
Algebraic theorem of selection by spatial sorting

Abstract Heritable variation in traits that enhance dispersal rates can accumulate at population margins by spatial sorting. This mechanism of selection differs from natural selection as evolutionary change can ensue even in the absence of differential lifetime reproductive success. Although evidence suggests that populations are rapidly evolving at margins due to global change pressures, such as invasions and range shifts, we lack a mathematical theory of spatial sorting to understand these evolutionary patterns. To this end, we present an algebraic theorem, or the sorting theorem, to elucidate the nature of selection at margins, which can, in turn, facilitate axiomatic development of spatial sorting theory. The role of the sorting theorem in guiding research in this context is analogous to that of Price’s theorem in natural selection theory.
A Jersey for Helmutt: A Videogame Designed to Communicate with Audiences

Computer games are established within communication media to share information to audiences. I outline such project with a team of developers and a museum who created an app: A Jersey for Helmutt. Players create a character's jersey through integrated and guided play. The app follows an exhibit on the baseball jersey's history, engaging historical information through choice and feedback systems. Playtesting—testing focused on user experience—allowed developers to learn if they conveyed needed information in an enjoyable experience for a broad audience.
Multi-event simulations of slow slip events for a Cascadia-like subduction zone

[1] We employ the earthquake simulator, RSQSim, which incorporates rate- and state-dependent friction, to investigate characteristics of slow slip events (SSEs) along a Cascadia-like mega-thrust. The simulations consist of 100,000 SSEs with equivalent moment magnitudes Mw4.0–7.0. The largest simulated SSEs (Mw6.4–7.0) have inter-event times of ∼19 months, durations of 10–40 days, mean slips of 2.2–4.1 cm, and along-strike propagation speeds of 7–20 km/day, which are comparable to observations from Cascadia. The simulations show quiescence after Mw > 6.4 SSEs, followed by a progressive increase in both the magnitude and frequency of SSEs prior to the next large event. Small SSEs, below ∼Mw5.6, develop in an incoherent manner and have irregular geometries, while larger SSEs show highly coherent growth of the slip region and spontaneous, but transient, event-to-event segmentation. The change in event characteristics at ∼Mw5.6 corresponds to a break in the scaling of seismic moment with slip, fault area, and duration.
A Brief Introduction to Statistical Mechanics

This chapter contains sections titled: Density of States Probability Distributions The Equilibrium Distribution of Electrons and Holes The Electron Density and the Density Matrix Exercises References
Promoter recognition by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase: Role of the spacer DNA in functional complex formation

The available evidence suggests that during the process of formation of a functional or "open" complex at a promoter, Escherichia coli RNA polymerase transiently realigns the two contacted regions of the promoter, thus stressing the intervening spacer DNA. We tested the possibility that this process plays an active role in the formation of an open complex. Two series of promoters were examined: one with spacer DNAs of 15 to 19 base-pairs and a derivative for which the promoters additionally contained a one-base gap in the spacer, so as to relieve any stress imposed on the DNA. Consistent with an active role for the stressed DNA in driving open complex formation, we have found that for promoters with a 17-base-pair spacer, the presence of a gap leads to a delay in the formation of an open complex, at a step subsequent to the initial binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter. The results with the other gapped promoters rule out direct binding of RNA polymerase to the region of the gap and indicate an increased flexibility in the gapped DNA. As not all observations with the spacer length series of gapped and ungapped promoters can be interpreted in terms of an active role of the spacer DNA without additional assumptions, such a role must still be considered tentative.
Heterotylenchus antumnalis. Hemocytic reactions and capsule formation in the host, Musca domestica.

Abstract Failure of the nematode H. autumnalis to develop in M. domestica is attributed to the defense reaction of host larvae to the infective, gamogenetic stage of the parasite. The defense reaction involves melanization and encapsulation of the parasite, and is manifested as changes in the hemocyte picture of the host. Differential hemocyte counts suggest that the initial reaction includes the aggregation and fusion of oenocytoids forming a pigmented layer or sheath capsule that adheres to the cuticle of the parasite. This reaction initiates the aggregation and fusion of other hemocytes forming a homogeneous mass or syncytium (cellular capsule) that completely surrounds the melanized parasite. The total number of hemocytes in parasitized larvae appears to be greater than in nonparasitized larvae of comparable age. However, a comparative study of mitotic indices failed to show any significant difference in the percentage of dividing hemocytes of parasitized and nonparasitized larvae.
The frequency-magnitude relation of microfracturing in rock and its relation to earthquakes

During the deformation of rock in laboratory experiments, small cracking events, i.e., microfractures, occur which radiate elastic waves in a manner similar to earthquakes. These radiations were detected during uniaxial and triaxial compression tests and their frequency-magnitude relation studied. They were found to obey the Gutenberg and Richter relation log N = a + b M Where N is the number of events which occurred of magnitude M , and a and b constants. The dependence of the parameter b on rock type, stress, and confining pressure was studied. It was found to depend primarily on stress, in a characteristic way. The frequency-magnitude relation for events which accompanied frictional sliding and deformation of a ductile rock was found to have a much higher b value than that observed in brittle rock. The Gutenberg and Richter formulation of the frequency-magnitude relation was derived from a statistical model of rock and crustal deformation. This analysis demonstrates the basis of similarity between rock deformation experiments in the laboratory and deformation of the crust.
Visual recovery in goldfish following unilateral optic tectum ablation: evidence of competition between optic axons for tectal targets

Anatomical studies suggest that regenerating optic axons which invade the ipsilateral lobe of the optic tectum following ablation of the contralateral lobe compete with resident optic axons for synaptic sites on tectal neurons. Invader optic axons are initially uniformly distributed over the entire tectal lobe. With time, the invader and resident optic axons progressively segregate so that the invaders are localized in bands or islands separated by areas that are innervated mainly by the residents. When the resident optic axons are destroyed by ablating the eye opposite to the experimental eye, the invader axons remain continuously distributed and the segregation process apparently does not occur. We investigated the relationship between the segregation process and the recovery of visual function by the invader axons. Visual recovery was measured with a behavioral method in which the index of vision was the occurrence of a branchial suppression response to a moving spot of red light that was classically conditioned to an electric shock stimulus. The minimum time to reappearance of vision following ablation of the contralateral lobe of the tectum in two-eye fish was similar to the reported time of onset of the segregation process. Visual recovery occurred sooner when the opposite eye was removed. The restored vision in both groups disappeared following subsequent ablation of the remaining lobe of the tectum. These results suggest that the goldfish optic tectum normally contains no free synaptic sites for anomalous optic afferents and that the invader axons must compete for targets with the resident optic afferents. The invader axons can apparently remain unconnected or non-functional for several weeks following their arrival in the ipsilateral tectal lobe.
Spectral properties and dynamics of quantized Henon maps

We study a generalization of the Airy function, and use its properties to investigate the dynamics and spectral properties of the unitary operators on L 2 (R) of the form U C := Fe i(q(x)+cx) , where q is a real polynomial of odd degree, c is a real number, and F is the Fourier transform. We show that U c is a quantization of the classical Henon map f λ : R 2 → R 2 , (x, y) → (y + q'(x) + c, -x), and show that for c > 0 sufficiently large, U c has purely continuous spectrum. This fact has implications for the dynamics of U c , which are shown to correspond when the condition is satisfied to the dynamics of its classical counterpart on R 2 .
Bivariate spline solution of time dependent nonlinear PDE for a population density over irregular domains

We study a time dependent partial differential equation (PDE) which arises from classic models in ecology involving logistic growth with Allee effect by introducing a discrete weak solution. Existence, uniqueness and stability of the discrete weak solutions are discussed. We use bivariate splines to approximate the discrete weak solution of the nonlinear PDE. A computational algorithm is designed to solve this PDE. A convergence analysis of the algorithm is presented. We present some simulations of population development over some irregular domains. Finally, we discuss applications in epidemiology and other ecological problems.
Sex differences in hepatic fatty acid uptake reflect a greater affinity of the transport system in females.

In this study, we examined the hypothesis that the reported sex difference in hepatic free fatty acid (FFA) uptake involves the putative FFA transport system, the plasma membrane fatty acid binding protein (FABPpm). In hepatocytes isolated from both male and female rats, initial [3H]oleate uptake velocity reflected transmembrane influx and not subsequent metabolism and was a saturable function of the unbound oleate concentration. Although Vmax values were similar (61 +/- 2 vs. 65 +/- 5 pmol.min-1.5 x 10(4) cells-1 for females and males, respectively), the apparent Km was significantly smaller in females (40 +/- 4 vs. 90 +/- 11 nM; P less than 0.05), reflecting faster influx velocities in female cells over a range of unbound oleate concentrations. The oleate efflux rate constant was also greater in females (0.280 +/- 0.014 vs. 0.198 +/- 0.020 min-1; P less than 0.05) despite their greater hepatic content of cytosolic FABP. Finally, despite the greater rates of transmembrane FFA flux in female hepatocytes, the surface expression of FABPpm was virtually identical in the two sexes (2.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 2.4 +/- 0.4 microgram/10(6) cells). Collectively, these data indicate that at FFA-to-albumin ratios occurring in vivo the plasma membrane of female hepatocytes transports oleate bidirectionally at a greater rate than that of male hepatocytes. A sex-related difference in the functional affinity of FABPpm for FFA appears the most likely explanation for the greater oleate uptake in females.
Rapid and selective uptake, metabolism, and cellular distribution of docosahexaenoic acid among rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the frog retina

The uptake, metabolism, and cellular distribution of 3H-docosahexaenoic acid (3H-22:6) in the frog retina during in vitro incubation were studied. An initial diffuse labeling throughout the retina was detected by autoradiography and was followed by an active steady increase in labeled photoreceptor cells. After 6 hr of incubation, 92% of the label was concentrated in photoreceptor cells. Among these cells, 435-rods (green rods) labeled heavily and showed two to three times higher uptake than the 502-rods (red rods). Cone uptake labeling was the lowest, showing negligible labeling throughout the cytoplasm. However, oil droplets of the 575-cones actively concentrated 22:6. The high uptake of 3H-22:6 by photoreceptor cells was followed by its rapid esterification into phospholipids. After 6 hr of labeling, only 5% of the radioactivity in the retina was free 22:6, whereas 88% was esterified into phospholipids. The remaining 22:6 was distributed equally in triacylglycerols (TAGs) and diacylglycerols. When 3H-22:6 (0.11 microM) of high specific activity was used, early incubation times showed phosphatidylinositol (PI) labeling to be of the same order of magnitude or greater than that of phosphatidylcholine (PC) or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Although the amount of endogenous 22:6 esterified into PI accounted for less than 2% of the 22:6 in retinal phospholipids, 27% of 3H-22:6 labeling was recovered in this phospholipid. When 14C-22:6 at a final concentration of 70 microM was used, a different profile of lipid labeling was observed. Forty percent of the labeling remained in the free fatty acid pool, followed by TAG (24%), PC (14%), and PE (12%). PI showed the smallest increase in picomoles of 14C-22:6 incorporated, when compared with 3H-22:6. In conclusion, a selective and differential uptake of 3H-22:6 by photoreceptor cells is coupled to its active utilization for phospholipid biosynthesis, mainly that of PC, PE, and PI. The differential uptake of 3H-22:6 among photoreceptor cells may reflect involvement of this fatty acid in cell-specific functions.
DNA isolation using avidin-coated magnetic nanoclusters

Abstract Using simple colloidal processing techniques, we have produced stable suspensions of avidin-coated magnetic nanoclusters and demonstrated their efficacy in magnetic triple-helix affinity capture. A mixture of target and non-target DNA is incubated with a biotinylated oligonucleotide containing a triple-helix sequence that binds to the homopurine-homopyrimidine sequence in the target under mild acidic conditions. The target DNA is then “magnetized” by contact with avidin-coated magnetic nanoclusters through the avidin-biotin linkage. Exposure to a magnetic field gradient selectively moves the target and immobilizes the particles in the region of the highest magnetic field, leaving the non-target DNA dispersed in the remaining solution. This solution is withdrawn in the presence of the magnetic field gradient. The immobilized particle-target clusters are then exposed to mild basic conditions. The triple helix dissociates, releasing the magnetized oligonucleotides without affecting the double-stranded DNA. A second application of the magnetic field gradient is used to separate the magnetic particles from the DNA. The double-stranded target DNA is then available directly for further processing.
Theoretical Study of Formamide Tautomers—A Discussion of Enol-Keto Isomerizations and Their Corresponding Energies

In order to gain insight into the formamide molecule, seven tautomers and twelve transition states are found after being modeled by the density function theory of Becke's three-parameter hybride (B3LYP) type and ab initio Moller–Plesset second-order perturbation (MP2)-type methods. The isomerization phenomena between enol-keto tautomers and transition states via internal rotation or the proton transfer process are surveyed. A localized analysis is also introduced to ascertain the π bond character caused by the delocalization of electrons, which will force the formamide tautomers to become planar. The trans effect in the molecule increases molecular stability.
Finding the Individual in the Global

Abstract This paper brings together two strands of anthropological theory that may be fruitfully combined but that are combined only rarely: globalization and the individual life history. Globalization, the paper argues, is not new, despite the rhetoric with which it is described in much of anthropology today; it has been taking place at least since the discovery of the New World by Europeans, after which unprecedented ruptures between people and places began occurring on a grand scale. These ruptures are still occurring, of course: the life history can serve as a means of documenting the ongoing social transformations of people undergoing processes of global migration. Through the individual voices of life history, the human and cultural meanings of globalization in the recent past can be made manifest.
Theory of Rubber Elasticity for Development of Synthetic Rubbers

Abstract Two cardinal problems exist in connection with the production of synthetic rubbers: (1) choice of the type of synthetics, necessary raw materials, and methods of production, and (2) evaluation of the products obtained. The most important and characteristic property of synthetics (and of natural rubbers) is their long-range reversible elasticity.
Performance of transparent conductive polymer antennas in a MIMO ad-hoc network

Multiple antenna communication systems are a solution to meet the demand for pervasive computing and ubiquitous wireless communications. As multiple antenna communication systems become more broadly deployed, integrating unobtrusive antennas into various form factors is becoming increasingly important. Antennas that are flexible and transparent can ease this design constraint. In this paper, we present a dipole conductive polymer antenna that is flexible and transparent. The focus of this paper is to show how well this antenna works in a communications network by evaluating channel capacity and packet error rate.
Alexia without agraphia: An experimental case study☆

Abstract A 51-year-old right-handed male experienced reading difficulty and an upper right visual field cut after a head injury. The patient's letter naming was impaired and word naming was painstakingly slow. Words were decoded in a letter by letter sequence and performance varied directly with word length. Apart from his reading difficulties the patient was linguistically competent. He was sensitive to manipulations of word frequency and orthographic regularity. He wrote spontaneously and could identify the written counterpart to a spoken word with relative ease. Computerized axial tomography revealed damage to the posterior temporal-parietal region of the left hemisphere.
Application of provably-safe conflict resolution for air traffic control

This article presents a decentralized conflict resolution procedure (CRP) for en-route air traffic control (ATC). The main contribution of this article is the development of provable-safe CRPs that bounds the heading-change (turn) rate to account for limitations arising from aircraft, turn dynamics which is illustrated by the design of CRPs through an example intersection in the Cleveland Sector. The decentralized CRPs satisfy conditions for guaranteed safety and maintain the flow capacity in each of the intersecting routes.
Submicron emittance and ultra small beam size measurements at ATF

This paper covers improvements to a photoinjector that lead to the realization and measurement of submicron normalized emittance for a 0.5 nC electron beam at the Brookhaven Accelerator Test Facility. A fitting procedure utilizing beam size measurements from multiple beam profile monitors along the transport line was used instead of more traditional techniques. Such a small emittance beam in combination with a tight focusing scheme allowed us to achieve 10 μm RMS beam sizes at 60 MeV. The behavior and limitations of different BPM screens is compared for such beams.
Stimulation of Collagen Synthesis by the Anabolic Steroid Stanozolol

There is evidence that anabolic steroids, which are derived from testosterone and have markedly less androgenic activity, promote tissue growth and enhance tissue repair; however, the mechanisms involved in their anabolic activities remain unclear. In this report, we measured the effect of the anabolic steroid stanozolol on cell replication and collagen synthesis in cultures of adult human dermal fibroblasts. Stanozolol (0.625–5 μg per ml) had no effect on fibroblast replication and cell viability (p = 0.764) but enhanced collagen synthesis (p
Study of Non-Normal Distribution Time Parameters Data Transmission Reliability in CAN Bus

The message transmission reliability is very important for the design of the CAN (Controller Area Network) bus system, which is related to the normal operation of the bus control system. The bus message transmission time parameters are analyzed based on the CAN bus scheduling theory. The formula is a derived by means of probability analysis based on the fourth-moment method. An example is calculated to get its message reliability and the result is contrasted with the MONTE-CARLO method simulation, and then the bus message transmission reliability can be got. It has great practical significance.
Star-Disk Coupling by a Time-varying Magnetic Field

Observations suggest that stars lose appreciable angular momentum prior to reaching the main sequence. Two principal spin-down mechanisms have been proposed. One is removal of angular momentum by magnetized winds or jets; the other is transfer of angular momentum from the star to its accretion disk through the effects of magnetic fields. In the latter case, spin evolution occurs due to both mass accretion along field lines and torques resulting from coupling of the stellar magnetic field to the disk. In this paper we study the latter torques in the context of a magnetic field varying in time. We find that magnetic variability reduces the efficiency with which the field can wind up, somewhat widening the region of magnetic coupling. Nonetheless, the steady state result—that magnetic torques can be applied only within a thin annulus around the corotation radius—is little changed for what we believe to be realistic physical conditions. These results are generally applicable to disk accretion onto magnetized bodies.
Transient cooling of a cylindrical glass gob

Transient cooling of a hot glass gob by internal combined conduction and radiation is analyzed. The spectral dependence of the absorption coefficient on wavelength and temperature is appropriately accounted for by solving the radiative transfer equation for the axisymmetric cylindrical geometry. Specularly reflecting boundaries are considered and Fresnel's equations are used to predict the spectral directional reflection and transmission characteristics of the interfaces. The finite volume method is used to solve numerically the thermal energy equation, and discrete ordinates method (DOM, S–N method) is employed to solve the radiative transfer equation. Dynamic cooling calculations have been performed and transient temperature distributions, temperature gradients, convective and combined convective plus radiation results are presented and discussed. The results show that for the initial and thermal conditions of interest, the interior of the glass cools primarily by radiation and only in the surface layers (0.8<r/R<1.0) is conduction of the same order of magnitude as radiation.
Mesoporous metal oxides formed by aggregation of nanocrystals. Behavior of aluminum oxide and mixtures with magnesium oxide in destructive adsorption of the chemical warfare surrogate 2-chloroethylethyl sulfide

Abstract A new family of mesoporous reactive inorganic solids as obtained as aggregates of nanocrystalline oxides have proven to be effective destructive sorbents for toxic chemicals. In this study, the sorption and reaction of 2-chloroethylethyl sulfide (2-CEES), a surrogate of bis-(2,2′-dichloro)ethyl sulfide (“HD” or “mustard gas”) on mesoporous Al 2 O 3 /MgO physical mixtures has been studied at room temperatures and in polar and non-polar solvents as slurries. The uptake of 2-CEES and products evolved were followed by gas chromatography, and FTIR was employed for analysis of surface bound products. Reaction rates and capacities were highest for relatively non-polar solvents (pentane and a polyfluoroether HFE), and less effective in the more polar tetrahydrofuran. The major product was a surface bound alkoxy species. The mechanism of destructive adsorption is believed to involve both surface-OH groups and Lewis acid aluminum cation sites. Pure mesoporous Al 2 O 3 (termed AP-Al 2 O 3 as prepared by a modified aerogel procedure) was the most effective material when compared with AP-MgO as well as normal Al 2 O 3 powders, and physical mixtures of AP-MgO and AP-Al 2 O 3 . However, intimately mixed Al 2 O 3 –MgO, prepared by a cogelation aerogel procedure is superior to both AP-Al 2 O 3 and AP-MgO. Thus, within 1 h at 25 °C, the major portion (80%) of 2-CEES could be destroyed, and almost 100% within 200 min.
Blood clam (Anadara inflata) red cells. partition in aqueoues two-polymer phase systems

Abstract Anadara inflata is a clam which has red blood cells in its hemolymph. Furthermore, the nucleated red blood cells contain two structurally distinct hemoglobins. Clam red cells were subjected to partition in aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems with the following results: 1. 1. Clam red cells are the largest cells (about 20 μm in diameter) so far studied in two-polymer phases. It is shown that not only can such cells be partitioned in dextran-polyethylene glycol phase systems, but that countercurrent distribution resolves the clam red cell population into more and less metabolically active cells. The distribution of these cells in relation to the whole population is similar to that of young and old red cells from mammals. 2. 2. The high tonicity of clam red cells enabled us to study the partition behavior of cells (under isotonic conditions) at much higher salt or salt plus sucrose concentrations than heretofore possible with mammalian erythrocytes. A number of parameters were studied. The most interesting results are the analogies in partition behavior of clam red cells to that of proteins when teh NaCl concentration is increased (0.1–0.5 M); and to that of mammalian red cells with increasing phosphate buffer/NaCl concentrations (total salt about 300 mosM). 3. 3. While we can not state whether the two hemoglobins of this clam are contained in the same or in different red cells, it can be concluded that if the two hemoglobins are in different cells these must have similar surface characteristics.
Occlusal enamel complexity in middle miocene to holocene equids (Equidae: Perissodactyla) of North America.

Four groups of equids, “Anchitheriinae,” Merychippine-grade Equinae, Hipparionini, and Equini, coexisted in the middle Miocene, but only the Equini remains after 16 Myr of evolution and extinction. Each group is distinct in its occlusal enamel pattern. These patterns have been compared qualitatively but rarely quantitatively. The processes influencing the evolution of these occlusal patterns have not been thoroughly investigated with respect to phylogeny, tooth position, and climate through geologic time. We investigated Occlusal Enamel Index, a quantitative method for the analysis of the complexity of occlusal patterns. We used analyses of variance and an analysis of co-variance to test whether equid teeth increase resistive cutting area for food processing during mastication, as expressed in occlusal enamel complexity, in response to increased abrasion in their diet. Results suggest that occlusal enamel complexity was influenced by climate, phylogeny, and tooth position through time. Occlusal enamel complexity in middle Miocene to Modern horses increased as the animals experienced increased tooth abrasion and a cooling climate.
Computerization of English

Natural languages, when regarded as codes for the transmission of information, are essentially structured like error-detecting or error-correcting codes. This principle has been used to write a program that, by random choice, is capable of constructing several billion different English sentences from a dictionary of less than a hundred unprocessed words. Applications to artificial intelligence and other fields are suggested.
Regional distribution of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in rat brain determined by microdissection and radioimmunoassay

Abstract We have re-examined the distribution of LH-RH in rat brain and in particular those rostral hypothalamic areas reported to contain perikarya by immunocytological techniques. Adult male rats were decapitated and 20 discrete brain structures microdissected. Tissue from single rats was homogenized in 50 μ10.1 N HCl and 40 μ1 of this acid extract was radioimmunoassayed for LH-RH using the R-42 antibody. Low but detectable concentrations which ranged from 0.2 to 1.0 pg/μg protein were found in the interstitial nucleus of the stria terminalis (ventral aspect), medial preoptic nucleus (dorsal and ventral aspects), lateral preoptic nucleus, anterior hypothalamic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, ventromedial nucleus (medial and lateral aspects) and the dorsomedial nucleus. Slightly higher concentrations (1.0–4.0 pg/μg protein) were measured in a rostral, medial basal corridor made up of the suprachiasmatic preoptic nucleus, the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the retrochiasmatic area. LH-RH was not detected (i.e.