cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human suppressor cells: evidence of functionally distinct subsets.

Abstract Human suppressor cells (SC) differing in both kinetic characteristics and degree of specificity were induced in vitro either by Concanavalin A (CON A) (10 μg/ml) or by repeated stimulation with allogeneic cells. CON A SC caused a characteristic early peak in blastogenesis (Day 2) when cocultured with fresh autologous cells in the presence of either CON A or allogeneic cells, although CON A SC alone did not respond to these stimuli. This early augmented response fell rapidly to values 50–90% below positive controls by the usual optimal day for the particular stimulus. Treatment with 5-bromodeoxyuridine and light during rapid proliferation ablated the early responses but increased the later responses (i.e., reduced the suppression). The cells mediating both the early rise and late suppression were found to belong to a subset of T cells that lost their ability to form SRBC rosettes (theophylline sensitive) in the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, theophylline, and were inactivated by mitomycin C. In contrast, SC induced by repeated allogeneic stimulation were suppressive in MLC but not CON A cultures, did not initiate early blastogenesis in the presence of naive cells and were partially mitomycin resistant. The mitomycin resistant SC induced by allogeneic stimulation are found in the theophylline resistant T-cell subset. These data are consistent with a model of human SC differentiation in which at least two subsets may be present: (1) a mitomycin sensitive, nonspecific cell that participates in an obligatory early autologous recognition event (induction?) and (2) a later occurring, more mitomycin resistant effector cell that appears to acquired specfficity for the response that it affects.
Characteristics of high-transmission-probability tunnel junctions for use as particle detectors

Interest in the problem of the galactic dark matter has stimulated development of particle detectors sensitive to very low energies. The authors describe superconducting tunnel junctions with thin barriers which may be suitable for this purpose. They present I-V (current-voltage) characteristics and data on the temperature dependence of the subgap tunneling current. They examine the barrier transmission probability and the resistance of the null junction. They also present some scanning-electron-microscope observations of the thin films of the tunnel junctions, which show that faster deposition produces smaller grains and increasing film thickness results in larger grains from an apparent fusing of smaller grains. >
Effects of roots of Myriophyllum verticillatum L. on sediment redox conditions

Abstract Laboratory experiments showed that the submersed macrophyte Myriophyllum verticillatum L. released oxygen to, and substantially increased redox potential of, reduced solutions bathing the roots. This oxidation was light-dependent, and proceeded at rates similar to those reported for other submersed plants, but lower than those reported for bog and emergent plants. During 72-day laboratory incubations, chemical oxidant demand of sediment pore waters increased slowly in the presence of M. verticillatum . However, the plants had no significant effect on sediment organic content. The results provided no evidence that oxidation by roots of M. verticillatum can counter accretion of organic sediment.
Introduction to Microsoft .NET Security

Prior to .NET, developers wrote programs in languages such as C or C++, in which the source code is compiled directly to machine code for a particular computer architecture. This is called unmanaged code because memory management, type checking, and security aren't built in. The code must manage such issues on its own, and the environment in which unmanaged code runs is simply the operating system (OS) itself.
Modeling Error Recovery in Dynamic Collaborative Domains

For many years, the focus of research in the area of human error was the prevention of erroneous actions and assessments through training and design. However, errors can never be eliminated completely. Therefore, the goal of more recent efforts is to minimize their negative consequences through support for error management, i.e., the detection, explanation, and recovery from erroneous actions. For the most part, these efforts have examined the first step in this sequence - error detection. In contrast, little is known about how operators explain and recover from errors. This is true especially for dynamic collaborative environments such as aviation. In this paper, we present findings from a survey and an incident report analysis that suggest the need for adapting the current model of error recovery. Specifically, we emphasize the importance of considering constraints imposed by specific domains in order to predict and explain the predominance and success of certain recovery strategies.
Detection, quantification, and identification of dermorphin in equine plasma and urine by LC-MS/MS for doping control

Dermorphin is a unique opioid peptide that is 30-40 times more potent than morphine. It was misused and went undetected in horse racing until 2011 when intelligence obtained from a few North American race tracks suggested its use. To prevent such misuse, a reliable analytical method became necessary for detection and identification of dermorphin in post-race horse samples. This paper describes the first liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for such a purpose. Equine plasma and urine samples were pre-treated with ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid and urea prior to solid-phase extraction (SPE) on Oasis MCX cartridges. Resulting eluates were dried under vacuum and analyzed by LC-MS/MS for dermorphin. The matrix effect, SPE efficiency, intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision, and stability of the analyte were assessed. The limit of detection was 10 pg/mL in plasma and 20 pg/mL in urine, and the limit of confirmation was 20 pg/mL in plasma and 50 pg/mL in urine. Dermorphin in plasma is stable at ambient temperature, but its diastereomer is unstable. With isotopically labeled dermorphin as an internal standard, the quantification range was 20-10,000 pg/mL in plasma and 50-20,000 pg/mL in urine. The intra-day and inter-day accuracy was from 91 % to 100 % for the low, intermediate, and high concentrations. The intra-day and inter-day coefficients of variation were less than 12 %. The method differentiates dermorphin from its diastereomer. This method is very specific for identification of dermorphin in equine plasma and urine, as assessed by BLAST search and targeted SEQUEST search, and by MS/MS spectrum library search. The method has been successfully applied to analysis of samples collected following dermorphin administration to research horses and of official post-race samples.
Sequence analysis of translationally controlled maternal mRNAs from Urechis caupo

Fertilization of Urechis coupo oocytes stimulates dramatic changes in the pattern of protein synthesis. This shift is brought about entirely through selective translation of the large pool of maternal mRNAs synthesized and stored during oogenesis. My laboratory has identified cDNA clones to more than 20 different Urechis maternal mRNAs. These have been used to determine whether the complementary mRNAs are translated in oocytes or embryos, and to analyze the polyad-enylation status of the mRNAs at different stages. For 14 of the mRNAs, multiple, overlapping cDNA clones were isolated, and the complete sequence of the mRNA molecule was determined. Of these 14 mRNAs, half are from the subset that is translated in growing and full-grown oocytes, but not in embryos. These 7 mRNAs have poly(A) tails before fertilization. The other 7 are from the subset that is not translated at any time before fertilization, and has very short poly(A) tails in oocytes. After fertilization these mRNAs are recruited onto polysomes and extensively polyadenylated. The sequence data from the two classes of maternal mRNAs was compared in an attempt to identify consensus sequences that could regulate translation directly, or indirectly, by controlling polyadenylation or secondary structure formation. Two features of the sequences correlate very well with the translation and polyadenylation of the different mRNAs-the identity of the base immediately preceding the AUG start codon, and the presence of the sequences UUUUA and UUUUUA in the 3′ untranslated region. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Introducing the design and development of energy & STEM K-12 program

In the past decade, the importance of engineering and engineering technology education increased as the global focus on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) related careers increased. The increased demand in STEM related careers elevated the importance of high school science and technology education. In an effort to introduce K-12 students to STEM and Energy related fields, a summer program is designed by the Renewable Energy and Sustainability Center (RESC) and School of Engineering Technologies at Farmingdale State College. The program, in particular, introduces the concepts of energy and energy related challenges through the application of Engineering Technology fields such as: Mechanical Engineering Technology, Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology, as well as Architecture and Construction Management. This paper and presentation will provide the design process, and the development of the modules as well as the expected student learning outcomes and goals of the Energy and STEM K-12 program.
Dependence of media cross-sectional area on circumference of aortic rings from normal and hypertensive rats.

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine if cross-sectional area and media thickness depend on circumference in excised vessels. Measurements were obtained from rat aortic rings chemically fixed after excision. Rings were fixed without distention or after mounting on circular rods of different diameters. Media cross-sectional area increased with circumference but thickness decreased. Thickness and area were significantly greater in the SHR than the WKY rat at all circumferences. Results of a theoretical analysis predict that cross-sectional area and thickness will depend on circumference in excised rings. Best-fit curves of the experimental data to the theoretical relationships show that neither thickness nor cross-sectional area of the aorta is consistently better correlated with circumference in SHRs and WKY rats. The following conclusions are made: (i) Media cross-sectional area and thickness depend on circumference in excised-aortic rings, and (ii) for a specific method of preparation, thickn...
Impact of remote library storage on information consumers: “Sophie’s choice”?

Most large academic and research libraries have placed parts of their collections in off‐site storage. The author discusses the full range of decision‐making criteria used in selecting materials to be transferred into such facilities, their rationale and liabilities. The physical impact of remote library storage includes closed/limited access, collection disassembly, user inconvenience/lower productivity, and usage decline. Intellectual impact may encompass undermined scholarship, diminished graduate education, and inhibited library services. Although digital storage and electronic publishing hold some promise of relief for these problems, it’s still too early to tell just how much. Has the ubiquitous use of remote library storage taken collection development into the era of de‐construction?
ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM FOR TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSIS IN THE ENVIRONMENT BY CHARGED PARTICLE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE*

The present concern about pollution of the environment stimulates a need for a routine analytical procedure that would determine all or nearly all elements at trace levels in the picogram region. Such an ultra-sensitive technique would permit toxicological studies on almost all of the heavier elements for which virtually no toxicological information exists even though many of these elements may now be or become serious environmental contaminants. Characteristic Xrays excited by electrons or by other X-rays have long been used for elemental analysis. JOHANSSON et al. 1 have recently shown the potential of using high energy proton excitation of X-rays combined with non-dispersive X-ray energy analysis by high resolution semiconductor detectors for the simultaneous determination of trace elements. More recently, preliminary work on trace element analysis has been reported using alpha particles 2-4 and 80 MeV Br 8+ ions / The technique is applicable to many types of samples, including biological (plant and animal tissue), environmental (soil, water, and air), consumer products and lunar samples. The technique would be particularly advantageous in cases where only small samples are available or a trace element distribution within a sample is desired. In addition, the technique does not necessarily require chemical preparation with the attendant possibility for losses or contamination.
French Regulatory Republicanism and the Risks of Genetically Engineered Crops

Public hostility to genetically engineered crops has created pressure to revise France's conventional regulatory model, in which electorally legitimated officials and selected experts make decisions in the absence of significant public input. To pick up on the wide array of concerns that motivate public unease, the French government has, since 1998, experimented with several varieties of participatory technology assessment. These experiments demonstrate a growing interest in political forms that favour greater participation, especially if these innovations can be made to simulate features of republican legitimacy like representativeness, neutrality, and systematically informed decision-making that nonetheless remains open to conflictual interpretations of technological developments. The task remains, however, of integrating the results of these new forums into the legislative process.
Keyboard cleanliness: a controlled study of the residual effect of chlorhexidine gluconate.

A controlled trial of once daily cleaning of computer keyboards in an intensive care unit was performed comparing 2% chlorhexidine gluconate-70% isopropyl alcohol (CHG) and a chlorine dioxide–based product used as a standard in our hospital. A study before and after the introduction of once daily keyboard cleaning with CHG in the wider hospital was also completed. Cleaning with CHG showed a sustained and significant reduction in bacterial colony forming units compared with the chlorine dioxide–based product, demonstrating its unique advantage of maintaining continuous keyboard cleanliness over time.
Laminar film condensation of steam containing small concentrations of air

Film condensation heat flux measurements have been made on a vertical surface at film Reynolds numbers below the critical values for ripple formation. These measurements have been made on air-steam mixtures with air mass fractions of 1 × 10−4−1 × 10−2 and on pure steam at saturated vapor temperatures of 150, 115 and 80°F. The average heat flux values for air-steam mixtures have been divided by those computed from the Nusselt theory for pure vapor at the same difference between vapor and surface temperature. The ratios so obtained are found to be about 20 per cent above the theoretical predictions of Minkowyez and Sparrow.
Continuous Institutional Innovation and the Pragmatic Conception of Democracy

In every society in many arenas, the reality of collective decision ;making falls far short of the democratic ideal in countless ways. These shortfalls include disenfranchisement, unequal influence...
Transient heating or cooling of a plate by combined convection and radiation

Abstract Transient heat conduction in a plate subjected to heating and/or cooling by combined convection and radiation has been studied. The plate is assumed to be homogeneous, isotropic, and opaque to thermal radiation. The initial temperature distribution and the ambient environment as well as fluid temperatures are considered to be constant. In the analysis the transient heat-conduction equation and the boundary conditions are transformed to a nonlinear Volterra integral equation of the second kind for the surface temperature. This equation is solved numerically on a digital computer by the method of successive approximations. Precise results accurate to at least four significant figures have been obtained for a range of parameters of physical interest and are presented graphically as well as compared with approximate solutions and results available in the literature. Asymptotic solutions for small and large times are also given and their range of validity discussed.
The role of peripheral gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors in female reproduction.

Objective To review the physiologic functions and clinical significance of peripheral GnRH receptors. Design Literature review. All peer-reviewed journal articles published before 2010 on peripheral GnRH receptors were searched for in the Pubmed database, and relevant findings were summarized. Result(s) Peripheral GnRH/GnRH receptor systems may serve as regulators of hCG synthesis and implantation, and play crucial roles in antiproliferation and apoptosis. Currently, GnRH agonists have been used in cancer treatment and ovary protection during chemotherapy, taking advantage of the local direct effect mediated by peripheral GnRH receptors. Conclusion(s) The ubiquitous GnRH/GnRH receptor system in human tissues has been shown to have some important physiologic functions. Further research to clarify functions of these peripheral GnRH receptors may lead to discovery of new therapeutic options.
Comparative study of papovavirus DNA: BKV(MM), BKV(WT) and SV40

Abstract Extensive physical mapping revealed that approximately 90% of the genomes of BKV(prototype, WT) and BKV (MM strain) are identical or closely related. Nucleotide sequences of the non-homologous regions and a large portion of the homologous regions have been determined for both genomes. The coding sequence of small t antigen of BKV(MM) is 216 nucleotides shorter than that of BKV(WT), even though no differences in biological function of the t antigen was observed. Both genomes contain three similar sets of 44-61 base-pair repeated sequences. However, the DNA sequence of the tandem repeats is totally different between BKV (human cell as host) and SV40 (monkey cell as host). On the other hand, the region between the N-terminus of the T antigen genes and the origin of replication is dominated by a similar set of palindromic sequences in BKV and SV40 DNA. There is also extensive homology between the regions which code for proteins in BKV and SV40, suggesting a close evolutionary relationship.
Impact of lymphadenectomy and nodal burden in renal cell carcinoma: retrospective analysis of the National Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.

Abstract Objectives To analyze the additional impact of retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy on overall and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) undergoing radical nephrectomy. The benefit of regional lymphadenectomy in patients with primary RCC remains controversial. Methods Of 33,016 patients diagnosed with primary RCC between 1983 and 1998, a subset of 4453 underwent radical nephrectomy with or without regional lymphadenectomy. The extent of lymphadenectomy was assessed using the number of nodes examined, and the tumor burden was assessed using the number of positive nodes and the ratio of the number of positive nodes to the total number of nodes examined. Associations between CSS and the number of nodes examined, number of positive nodes, and ratio of the number of positive nodes to the total number of nodes examined were assessed. Results An inverse correlation was found between the likelihood of CSS and the number of nodes examined, particularly for those with regional disease even after controlling for other factors. A correlation was noted between the number of nodes examined and the number of positive nodes. Significant differences in CSS were observed in node-negative patients with regional disease compared with node-positive patients. An increasing nodal burden was associated with worse CSS. Conclusions More extensive lymphadenectomy does not appear to increase further the probability of CSS in patients undergoing radical nephrectomy for RCC. An increased number of positive nodes, as well as an increasing nodal burden, although associated with a lower likelihood of survival, were not independent predictors of RCC-specific mortality.
The potential use of DEA for credit applicant acceptance systems

This paper shows how Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) may be used to develop an acceptance boundary for use in case based computer systems. Acceptability of cases is identified with cases which lie on or above the efficient frontier in the DEA sense. The method requires convexity of the acceptable set to hold as its major condition. The method also assumes that the accepted cases are accurately classified by the expert with respect to Type II errors.
Deconstructing the Hedonic Treadmill: Is Happiness Autoregressive?

Affective habituation is well-documented in social sciences: people seem to adapt to many life events, ranging from lottery windfalls to terminal illnesses. A group of studies have tried to measure habituation by seeing how lagged values of life events affect present happiness. We propose an additional adaptation channel: current happiness may depend directly on past happiness, which amounts to assessing whether happiness is autoregressive. We run dynamic happiness regressions using individual-level panel data from the four large household panels. As in previous studies, the coefficients on lagged events (e.g., becoming unemployed, getting married) suggest habituation. However, all the econometric models suggest that the coefficient on lagged happiness is positive and significant. We discuss whether this may be evidence of happiness having an inertial force (besides the usual habituation channel).
Controlled potential electroanalysis

Abstract Some fundamental principles involved in controlled potential electroanalysis are discussed. A potentiostat is described which automatically maintains the potential of a working electrode constant during an electrolysis. Cells for different applications of controlled potential electrolysis are described. Some typical applications are reviewed, including electrogravimetric determinations of metals, electrolytic separation of metals with mercury and platinum cathodes prior to polarographic analysis, coulometric analysis, identification of the oxidation states that correspond to polarographic waves, and electrolytic preparation of organic and inorganic compounds.
Deconvolution method for composition profiling by Auger sputtering technique

Abstract Some of the sputter broadening effects on profile measurements using the Auger sputtering technique have been quantitatively investigated for Ag Au and Cu Ni systems. Two methods have been used to measure the resolution function as a function of the sputter distance for these two systems. The broadening can be separated into contributions from original surface roughness and sputtering effects, the latter amounting to about 7% of the sputter depth for Cu Ni and 14% for Ag Au interfaces. Based on the measured resolution function, a deconvolution method has been developed to facilitate the retrieval of the actual profile from the observed profile by reducing the sputter broadening. Using this method, we found that the measured interfacial profile can be substantially sharpened. The implications of using the deconvolution method for interdiffisuion studies in thin films are discussed.
Effect of age on behavioral and enzymatic changes during thiamin deficiency

Open field behavior and whole brain enzymatic activities were determined during thiamin deficiency in two strains of young, as well as in aged mice. In young CD-1 mice, thiamin deficiency reduced total distance traveled and vertical movements after 7 days and the decline was more than 50% by day 9. The behavioral deficit was highly correlated to decreases in 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase activity (KGDH). The open field behavior of Balb/c mice was about 40% less than in CD-1 mice and responded in a qualitatively different manner to thiamin deficiency. The activity of the Balb/c mice increased and then decreased with thiamin deficiency. The activity of 3 month old mice peaked on day 6 (126% of initial score), whereas 10 and 30 month mice showed a much greater increase (about 175% of initial scores), but on day 7. Although the activity of the thiamin dependent enzyme transketolase (TK) was affected similarly at all ages, the activity of KGDH in the aged brain was more sensitive to thiamin deficiency than in the young; KGDH activity declined 41%, 57% or 74% at 3, 10, or 30 months, respectively. Thus, the current mouse model is an attractive one to study the interaction of thiamin deficiency with aging.
Pregnancy and maternity policies in radiology residencies: The 1993 survey of the american association for women radiologists

In the early 1980s, the American Association for Women Radiologists (AAWR) issued a recommendation that all radiology programs develop a written pregnancy and maternity leave policy for house staff. Recognizing that there are many individual and institutional variables, the AAWR chose not to recommend any specific policy, but it did emphasize the wisdom of each department's developing a written policy that would be readily available to all house staff. In 1987, the AAWR surveyed both academic and private diagnostic radiology departments and 30 radiation therapy departments regarding pregnancy and maternity leave policies for house staff [1]. It was reported that many departments did not have formal policies then; 79 of 144 (55%) reported having policies, but only 16 examples of written policies could be collected from the respondents. Furthermore, at 67% of these institutions, the policy was available only on request by the house staff officer. The AAWR was concerned that their recommendation was infrequently carried out. Other official bodies had similar concerns and subsequently made their own recommendations. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education "urges that each resident be offered for acceptance a written agreement encompassing . . . benefits including . . . vacations, sick leave, hospital and health insurance" [2]. The American College of Radiology adopted a resolution in 1991 endorsing the development "of a family leave policy integrated with disability and emergency leave policies consistent with applicable existing law. This policy shall be given to all applicants as an integral part of their recruitment" [3]. Given the interest in this issue expressed by these organizations, the AAWR felt that another sulwey would be timely. The results of this survey are reported here. SURVEY RESULTS
National study of ambulance transports to United States emergency departments: importance of mental health problems.

Introduction:Understanding ambulance utilization patterns is essential to assessing prehospital system capacity and preparedness at the national level.Objective:To describe the characteristics of patients transported to US emergency departments (EDs) by ambulance and to determine predictors of ambulance utilization.Methods:Data were obtained from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey using mode of arrival, demographic and visit information, ICD-9-CM E and V-codes, and classified reasons for the visit.Results:The rates for ED visits of persons conveyed by ambulence were stable between 1997 and 2003, consisting of approximately one in every seven ED visits (14%). In 2003, there were 16.2 million ED visits for which an ambulance was used in the US. However, for patients with mental health visits, nearly one in three ED presentations (31%) arrived by ambulance. Significantly higher rates of ambulance use were associated with: (1) mental health visits; (2) older age; (3) African-Americans; (4) Medicare or self-pay insurance status; (5) urban ED location; (6) US regions outside of the South; (7) presentation between 12 midnight to 0800 hours; (8) injury-related visits; (9) urgent visit status; and/or (10) those resulting in hospital admission. Among mental health patients, older age, self-pay insurance status, urban ED location, regions outside the southern US, and urgent visit classification predicted ambulance use. Ambulance usage within the mental health group was highest for suicide and lowest for mood and anxiety disorder-related visits.Conclusion:Reliance on ambulance services varies by age, insurance status, geographic factors, time of day, urgency of visit, subsequent admission status, and type of mental health disorder. Even after controlling for many confounding factors, mental health problems remain an important predictor of ambulance use.
Fibroma of tendon sheath of the infrapatellar fat pad.

We report on a 13-year-old boy who was found to have a fibroma of the tendon sheath associated with the patellar tendon and within Hoffa’s fat pad of the knee. This benign tumor has never been described in this location previously. The MRI characteristics are correlated with the histologic findings.
On stochastic partial differential equations with variable coefficients in C1 domains

Abstract Stochastic partial differential equations with variable coefficients are considered in C 1 domains. Existence and uniqueness results are given in Sobolev spaces with weights allowing the derivatives of the solutions to blow up near the boundary. The number of derivatives of the solution can be negative and fractional, and the coefficients of the equations are allowed to substantially oscillate or blow up near the boundary.
Immobilization of antibodies on nylon for use in enzyme-linked immunoassay

Antibodies were immobilized by covalent linkage on nylon balls and powder for use in solid-phase enzyme-linked immunoassays. Covalent linkage of antibody to nylon was accomplished by treatment of partially hydrolyzed nylon with glutaraldehyde or carbodiimides. Up to 0.74 microgram of immunoglobulin G per mm2 nylon could be immobilized, whereas only 0.02 microgram per mm2 could be adsorbed to polystyrene, and the binding to nylon was stable. This eliminated the problem of antibody desorption noted in conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay which are based on simple adsorption to plastics, and gave more reproducible results. The method was also more sensitive, detecting levels of approximately 1 ng per ml of immunoglobulin E in clinical samples. Further, antibodies coupled to nylon balls remained bound under conditions that dissociate antibody-antigen complexes, which permitted reuse of the immobilized antibodies for immunoassays.
Effect of perioperative venous thromboembolism on survival in ovarian, primary peritoneal, and fallopian tube cancer.

Abstract Objectives Venous thromboembolism (VTE) affects 15% of cancer patients and is the second leading cause of death in hospitalized cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to describe the overall survival of patients with ovarian, primary peritoneal, and fallopian tube cancers treated for VTE within 30 days of initial surgery. Methods We reviewed the medical records of all patients who developed VTE within 30 days of primary surgery for stage I–IV epithelial ovarian, tubal, or primary peritoneal cancer at our institution from 1/99 to 4/05. Standard statistical tests were used. Results Fifty-seven (10%) of 559 patients developed VTE within 30 days of initial surgery. There were no deaths from VTE within 30 days of surgery. With a median follow-up of 2.8 years (range, 0.11–7.3 years), the median overall survival for the entire cohort was 5.9 years (95% CI, 4.6-NR). The proportion of advanced-stage (III–IV) patients within the VTE group compared to the group with no VTE was higher (90% versus 72%; P =0.0078), as was the proportion of patients with ascites compared to those with none (74% versus 54%; P =0.0045), and the proportion of patients with residual disease >1 cm compared to those with ≤1 cm (37% versus 19%; P =0.0021). On multivariate analysis, advanced stage ( P P =0.0210), and residual disease>1 cm ( P P =0.65). Conclusions Previous studies have shown that a significant number of patients undergoing primary surgery for ovarian cancer will develop postoperative VTE, especially those undergoing extensive cytoreductive procedures. In this large cohort of patients with ovarian, tubal, or primary peritoneal cancer, we found no detrimental effects of perioperative VTE on overall survival.
Surgical management of posterior fossa arteriovenous malformations.

Objective Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) involving the cerebellum and brainstem are relatively rare lesions that most often present clinically as a result of a hemorrhagic episode. Although these AVMs were once thought to have a more aggressive clinical course in comparison with supratentorial AVMs, recent autopsy data suggests that there may be little difference in hemorrhage rates between the two locations. Although current management of these lesions often involves preoperative embolization and stereotactic radiosurgery, surgical resection remains the treatment of choice, conferring immediate protection to the patient from the risk of future hemorrhage. Methods Most symptomatic AVMs that involve the cerebellum and the pial or ependymal surfaces of the brainstem are candidates for surgical resection. Preoperative angiography and magnetic resonance imaging studies are critical to determine suitability for resection and choice of operative exposure. In addition to considering the location of the nidus, arterial supply, and predominant venous drainage, the surgical approach must also be selected with consideration of the small confines of the posterior fossa and eloquence of the brainstem, cranial nerves, and deep cerebellar nuclei. Results Since the 1980s, progressive advances in preoperative embolization, frameless stereotaxy, and intraoperative electrophysiologic monitoring have significantly improved the number of posterior fossa AVMs amenable to microsurgical resection with minimal morbidity and mortality. Conclusion Future improvements in endovascular technology and stereotactic radiosurgery will likely continue to increase the number of posterior fossa AVMs that can safely be removed and further improve the clinical outcomes associated with microsurgical resection.
Tectonics of the Yellowstone hotspot wake in, southwestern Montana

Deposits off a Neogene paleovalley provide a geologic datum in southwestern Montana that brackets the age of faulting associated with the Yellowstone hotspot. Ages of paleovalley deposits on top of the modern Blacktail, Ruby, Tendoy, and Centennial ranges and in adjacent valleys range from 16 to 2 Ma. At least 2 km of offset has occurred since emplacement of the Timber Hill basalt (6.0 ±0.1 Ma); much may have occurred after deposition of the 2.0 Ma Huckleberry Ridge Tuff, which is now found in isolated outcrops as far north as the Ruby Range. Gravel clasts within the paleovalley have a northern provenance, whereas volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks were derived from the Snake River Plain to the south. We propose that uplift associated with passage of the hotspot caused the drainage reversal.
Amphiphilic Anthracyl Crown Ether. A Langmuir and Langmuir−Schaefer Films Study

As a potential material for use in optical fiber fluorescence sensors for rapid detection of saxitoxin, 9-(monoaza-18-crown-6-methyl)-10-hexadecylanthracene (CAC16) was synthesized, and the interfacial and spectroscopic properties of the Langmuir monolayers and Langmuir−Schaefer films of CAC16 were studied. The surface pressure−area and surface potential−area isotherms of CAC16 on different subphases were obtained. An increased limiting molecular area was observed on a pH 2 subphase. In situ fluorescence emission spectra (λex = 366 nm) of the CAC16 monolayer showed a broad fluorescence band on a pH 2 subphase but none on a pure water subphase. Mixed monolayers of CAC16/C20 (arachidic acid) on a pure water subphase showed an increased fluorescence emission intensity of anthracene with an increase in the proportion of C20. This suggests that the low fluorescence activity of the pure CAC16 monolayer could be caused by self-quenching due to the high concentration of CAC16 at the interface. In a mixed monolaye...
5∶1 wideband high-power spiral-helix antenna

A four arm spiral-helix antenna designed for high-power operation from 500–2500MHz is demonstrated. High-power test, impedance and radiation pattern measurements are discussed. Presented results show that 200W continuous wave (CW) operation, with sustained excellent impedance and far-field properties over at least 5∶1 bandwidth, is achievable with a spiral antenna. Antenna design is aimed for external platform mounting.
Simulating GeV particles in a very large scintillating detector

Abstract Large liquid scintillation detectors could be an alternative to water Cherenkov and liquid argon detectors for high energy neutrino measurements, in the GeV energy range, suitable for both cosmic ray studies and a long baseline neutrino experiment. We demonstrate the ability of a 65 ktonne detector to distinguish the lepton flavor, and show a track finder.
Estimating regional carbon stocks and spatially covarying edaphic factors using soil maps at three scales

Most estimates of regional and global soil carbon stocks are based on extrapolations of mean soil C contents for broad categories of soil or vegetation types. Uncertainties exist in both the estimates of mean soil C contents and the area over which each mean should be extrapolated. Geographic information systems now permit spatially referenced estimates of soil C at finer scales of resolution than were previously practical. We compared estimates of total soil C stocks of the state of Maine using three methods: (1) multiplying the area of the state by published means of soil C for temperate forests and for Spodosols; (2) calculating areas of inclusions of soil taxa in the 1:5,000,000 FAO/UNESCO Soils Map of the World and multiplying those areas by selected mean carbon contents; and (3) calculating soil C for each soil series and map unit in the 1:250,000 State Soil Geographic Data Base (STATSGO) and summing these estimates for the entire state. The STATSGO estimate of total soil C was between 23% and 49% higher than the common coarse scale extrapolations, primarily because STATSGO included data on Histosols, which cover less than 5% of the area of the state, but which constitute over one-third of the soil C. Spodosols cover about 65% of the state, but contribute less than 39% of the soil C. Estimates of total soil C in Maine based on the FAO map agreed within 8% of the STATSGO estimate for one possible matching of FAO soil taxa with data on soil C, but another plausible matching overestimated soil C stocks. We also compared estimates from the 1:250,000 STATSGO database and from the 1:20,000 Soil Survey Geographic Data Base (SSURGO) for a 7.5 minute quadrangle within the state. SSURGO indicated 13% less total soil C than did STATSGO, largely because the attribute data on depths of soil horizons in SSURGO are more specific for this locality. Despite localized differences, the STATSGO database offers promise of scaling up county soil survey data to regional scales because it includes attribute data and estimates of areal coverage of C-rich inclusions within map units. The spatially referenced data also permit examination of covariation of soil C stocks with soil properties thought to affect stabilization of soil C. Clay content was a poor predictor of soil C in Maine, but drainage class covaried significantly with soil C across the state.
Histomorphological and immunohistochemical studies of chronic active hepatitis in Doberman Pinschers.

Liver tissue samples were reviewed from 35 Doberman Pinschers with chronic active hepatitis in the precirrhotic stage. Thirty dogs had elevated hepatic copper concentrations, and five had normal li...
11.3: Sensitivity of Display Reflection Measurements to Apparatus Geometry

Reflection measurements made upon electronic displays can suffer from non-reproducibility owing to their possible strong dependence upon apparatus geometry. The geometrical dependence arises from non-Lambertian diffusion properties. We show the inadequacies of several conventional reflection measurement methods and offer some guidance on how these methods might be improved or replaced.
Brain biomarkers of treatment for multi-domain dysfunction: pharmacological FMRI studies in pediatric mania.

It is well established that pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) not only presents with affected dysregulation but also cognitive difficulties in working memory, attention, verbal memory, and executive functional domains (Pavuluri et al, 2009). Neural circuitry abnormalities that explain this multi-domain dysfunction (Pavuluri, in press) have led to the pursuit of how such abnormal pathophysiology can be reversed with pharmacotherapy (Mayanil et al, 2011). We conducted the first series of fMRI studies in pediatric mania by examining the effects of lamotrigine, risperidone, and divalproex sodium (DVPX) individually as well as through a pharmacotherapy algorithm. The pharmacological fMRI studies used tasks to probe the domains of emotion processing, response inhibition, and the interface of emotion and cognition. Biomarkers of pharmacotherapy response, especially the increase in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) activity in PBD relative to the healthy controls (HC), have been tied to the reduction in manic symptoms regardless of any task (Mayanil et al, 2011). Most studies summarized here were conducted on adolescents suffering from hypomanic state at baseline and are illustrated in Figure 1.
Infected Urachal Remnants in the Adult: Case Report and Review

Abnormalities of the urachus in adults are uncommon. Urachal tract remnants that abnormally remain patent are subject to infection. Urachal infection is frequently confused with a wide spectrum of midline intraabdominal or pelvic inflammatory disorders. Because the literature on urachal infection is primarily limited to articles in urology and surgical specialty journals, many physicians may not be familiar with the varied clinical manifestations. We describe a case of infection of a patent urachus in an adult and review the embryology and anatomy of the urachus as it relates to clinical presentation, evaluation, and management. Infection of a urachal remnant should be included in the broad differential diagnosis of omphalitis and midline abdominal or pelvic infections. Rarely, it may be a cause of recurrent urinary tract infection. Definitive management consists of surgical excision after the institution of antimicrobial therapy.
Influence of drawing temperature on the strength of fluoride glass fibers

Abstract The tensile strength of fluorozirconate glass fibers was measured as a function of fiber drawing temperature, and strengths ranging from 60–220 MPa were observed. Statistical analysis of the strength data points to a bimodal behavior in the fibers drawn at high temperatures, while the mode of fracture is essentially unimodal for fibers drawn at lower temperatures. SEM examination of the fibers drawn at high temperatures revealed the presence of crystals in the fibers, and these crystals were associated with flaws which gave rise to the observed low strength distribution.
Continuous-flow in-droplet magnetic particle separation in a droplet-based microfluidic platform

This paper presents a continuous-flow in-droplet magnetic particle separation in a droplet-based microfluidic device for magnetic bead-based bioassays. Two functions, electrocoalescence and magnetic particle manipulation, are performed in this device. A pair of charging metallic needles is inserted into two aqueous channels of the device. By electrostatic force, two different solutions can be merged to be mixed at a junction of droplet generation. The manipulation of magnetic particles is achieved using an externally applied magnetic field. The magnetic particles are separated by the magnetic field to one side of the droplet and extracted by splitting the droplet into two daughter droplets: one contains the majority of the magnetic particles and the other is almost devoid of magnetic particles. The applicability of the continuous-flow in-droplet magnetic particle separation is demonstrated by performing a proof-of-concept immunoassay between streptavidin-coated magnetic beads and biotin labelled with fluorescence. This approach will be useful for various biological and chemical analyses and compartmentalization of small samples.
Effect of ouabain and phenobarbital on the kinetics of cortical metabolic transients associated with evoked potentials.

— Evoked potentials, shifts of the steady potential and spreading depression have been shown to be associated with transient changes in the oxidative metabolic activity of the cerebral cortex of cats. The metabolic activity is measured at the intact surface by intensity of the fluorescence emitted at 460 nm when the tissue is illuminated at 366 nm. The intensity of the fluorescence signal is related to the oxidationreduction level of intramitochondrial NADH which is, itself, related to the ATP/ADP ratio and the rate of oxygen consumption. In this study, the transient changes in metabolic activity with evoked potentials are separated into component parts by means of kinetic analysis. Ouabain (0.1 mM) introduced directly under the cortical surface, markedly slows the ‘on kinetics’ with no change in recovery metabolism. Phenobarbital delays the reduction of NAD+ (‘off kinetics’) with little effect on ‘on kinetics’. Thus, the transient fluorometric response to evoked potentials is confirmed as a measure of ATP breakdown and oxidative rephosphorylation. The rate of NADH oxidation is a measure of the rising ADP concentration due to the action of the Na-K ATPase. The rate of return of the fluorescence to baseline levels (reduction of NADH) is a function of the respiratory chain.
High resolution isotope tracing in electron microscopy using induced nuclear reactions.

Abstract A method for the high resolution localization of tracer atoms in biological specimens in the electron microscope is proposed. The tracer atom could be 15 N, 17 O or 18 O. When 17 O is exposed to thermal neutrons, or 15 N and 18 O to protons of selected energies, there is a relatively high probability that the nucleus will disintegrate into an alpha particle and a larger residual nucleus. Either of these products may have enough ionizing power to form a track in a thin film which may then be observed in the electron microscope. These tracks would serve as markers indicating the original position of the tracer atom with respect to the biological specimen with a probable resolution in the range of 20 to a few hundred Angstrom units. The experimental and theoretical literature on the electron microscopic observation of tracks found by charged particles is reviewed, and it is shown that it is reasonable to predict that tracks formed by the products of certain induced nuclear reactions may be seen in conjunction with biological specimens. Experimental details and certain practical considerations are described.
Cardiorespiratory Failure in the Elderly Patient

Cardiorespiratory failure is relatively common in the geriatric population. Although heart disease is the most frequent cause, the specific etiology should be established for each patient. An unusual cause of cardiorespiratory failure is illustrated in a case report on a 71-year-old woman with progressive exertional dyspnea whose symptoms were erroneously assumed to be solely on the basis of hypertensive cardiovascular disease and heart failure whereas actually they were on the basis of tracheal compression due to a large thyroid mass in the superior mediastinum. The more common causes of cardiorespiratory failure in the elderly are discussed.