cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acquisition of Autophagic Vacuoles by Human Erythrocytes Physiological Role of the Spleen

Using interference-contrast microscopy, erythrocyte vacuoles can be rapidly and easily distinguished. Because of the shadowing effect inherent in this optical system they appear as surface indentations. Twenty splenectomized patients with both normal and abnormal erythropoiesis had 54.3 per cent vacuolated cells as compared to 2.1 per cent in a control group of normal adults. A splenectomized patient with pure red cell aplasia, whose erythrocyte mass was maintained with fresh normal blood, had 44 per cent vacuolated cells. Electron microscopy thin sections showed numerous erythrocyte inclusions and vacuoles which were morphologically suggestive of hemoglobin degeneration. Similar inclusions were noted in all splenectomized subjects studied, and were found in greater numbers in patients with young cell populations. They were rare in normals with intact spleens. Transfusion studies show that these inclusions can be acquired by normal mature erythrocytes when circulating in an asplenic patient. Further, they are cleared from the circulation in the presence of an intact spleen without measurable loss of red cell viability. The evidence suggests that, in the absence of a spleen, autophagic vacuoles may occur in situ in all circulating red cells. It is presumed that these inclusions would normally be removed as a physiological process by a functioning spleen.
HIV therapy advances. Pediatric antiretroviral choices.

BACKGROUND Zidovudine is the initial treatment of choice in HIV-infected children. Zalcitabine or didanosine may be used in children who do not respond adequately or who are intolerant of zidovudine. Several studies of the latter agents are reviewed. MONOTHERAPY STUDIES Zalcitabine at 0.005 or 0.01 mg/kg three times a day was associated with stabilization of growth and a decline in p24 antigen levels in more than 50% of treated children. In a dose-ranging study of didanosine, 30% of children showed an increase in CD4 cell counts and gained weight. There was a correlation between the plasma didanosine concentration and an improvement in IQ (Intelligence Quotient) and p24 status. STUDIES ON COMBINATION THERAPY In a 12-18 month trial of zidovudine/zalcitabine in 13 children, most gained weight and more than half showed improved CD4 cell counts. The combination of various doses of didanosine with zidovudine was associated with a reduction in viral titer, a significant increase in CD4 cell counts and a trend towards increased weight in many children. STUDY IN MOTHER TO INFANT TRANSMISSION Zidovudine or placebo was administered to women throughout pregnancy and during labor and to their new-born infants up to 6 weeks of age. The infection rate for the zidovudine-treated group was 8.3% compared with 25.5% for the placebo group (P = 0.000056). CONCLUSION Zalcitabine and didanosine are useful drugs in the treatment of HIV-infected children. Zidovudine is associated with a reduced rate of mother to infant viral transmission.
Oxidative unzipping of stacked nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube cups.

We demonstrate a facile synthesis of different nanostructures by oxidative unzipping of stacked nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube cups (NCNCs). Depending on the initial number of stacked-cup segments, this method can yield graphene nanosheets (GNSs) or hybrid nanostructures comprised of graphene nanoribbons partially unzipped from a central nanotube core. Due to the stacked-cup structure of as-synthesized NCNCs, preventing complete exposure of graphitic planes, the unzipping mechanism is hindered, resulting in incomplete unzipping; however, individual, separated NCNCs are completely unzipped, yielding individual nitrogen-doped GNSs. Graphene-based materials have been employed as electrocatalysts for many important chemical reactions, and it has been proposed that increasing the reactive edges results in more efficient electrocatalysis. In this paper, we apply these graphene conjugates as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to determine how the increase in reactive edges affects the elect...
Response of Animals to Heat

Many invertebrates, birds, and mammals, including those of agricultural importance, depend on the variable microclimate of the upper soil and lower atmosphere. These animals are directly affected by temperature, wind, radiation, barometric pressure, humidity, and other gases in the air. Indirectly, the animals are affected as climate changes the plants and soil about them. Since much is known about effects upon cattle and since the author’s interests are primarily in these animals, most examples concern cattle with only occasional reference to other animals.
Recent Studies in Milton and the Sexes

(1989). Recent Studies in Milton and the Sexes. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews: Vol. 2, Seventeenth-Century Poetry. Edited by John Shawcross, pp. 110-111.
Recommending Small, Frequent Meals in the Clinical Care of Adults: A Review of the Evidence and Important Considerations

Small, frequent meals (SFMs) are a dietary regimen characterized by multiple small eating episodes throughout the day. Clinical nutrition guidelines recommend SFMs (eg, 6–10 meals) to patients experiencing common symptoms (eg, early satiety) and gastrointestinal-related symptoms. However, whether the provision of SFMs palliatively improves morbidity of nutritionally at-risk individuals has yet to be elucidated. This narrative review summarizes current clinical guidelines recommending SFMs for the management of diseases in adult patients (≥18 years), with supporting experimental and epidemiologic evidence, and it provides suggestions pertaining to this recommendation by drawing on potential considerations from investigations in healthy adults. Limited studies suggest that SFMs may promote higher energy and fluid intakes, reduce gastrointestinal-related symptoms (including vomiting, bloating, and fullness), and prevent postprandial hypotension in patients with primary autonomic failure. Potential health com...
Substituent Effects and Molecular Descriptors of Reactivity in Condensation and Esterification Reactions of Oxygenates on Acid–Base Pairs at TiO2 and ZrO2 Surfaces

This study reports evidence for the identity and kinetic relevance of the elementary steps that mediate condensation and esterification reactions of C2–C5 alkanals and alkanones and for the number, role, and acid–base properties of active Ti–O and Zr–O site pairs on catalytic surfaces. Kinetic, isotopic, and theoretical methods show that all reactants convert on TiO2 and ZrO2 surfaces via similar routes, which involve (i) kinetically relevant α-C–H cleavage in alkanals (alkanones) to enolates on sparsely covered M–O pairs, (ii) selectivity-relevant subsequent enolate reactions with coadsorbed alkanals/alkanones or 1-alkanols to form condensation or esterification precursors, mediated by C–C coupling steps with carbonyl reactants and C–O coupling steps with alkanal–alkoxide pairs formed via H transfer in enolate–1-alkanol pairs, (iii) hydrogenation of C–C coupling products to carbonyl compounds and dehydrogenation of hemiacetals formed via C–O coupling to esters on an interspersed Cu function present as a ...
The Role of Occupation in Explaining Cognitive Functioning in Later Life: Education and Occupational Complexity in a U.S. National Sample of Black and White Men and Women.

Objective Positive associations between education and late-life cognition have been widely reported. This study examines whether occupational complexity mediates the relationship between education and late-life cognition, and whether the magnitude of mediation differs by race, gender, or education level. Methods Data were from a population-based cohort of non-Hispanic Blacks and Whites aged ≥45 years (n = 7,357). Education was categorized as less than high school, high school, some college, and college or higher. Using linear regression, we estimated the direct effect of each successive increase in education on cognitive functioning and indirect effects via substantive complexity of work. Results Occupational complexity significantly mediated 11%-22% of the cognitive gain associated with higher levels of education. The pattern of mediation varied between White men and all other race-gender groups: among White men, the higher the education, the greater the mediation effect by occupational complexity. Among Black men and women of both races, the higher the education, the smaller the mediation effect. Discussion Higher levels of education may provide opportunity for intellectually engaging environments throughout adulthood in the form of complex work, which may protect late-life cognition. However, this protective effect of occupational complexity may not occur equally across race-gender subgroups.
The Means-End Account of Scientific, Representational Actions

While many recent accounts of scientific representation have given a central role to the agency and intentions of scientists in explaining representation, they have left these agential concepts unanalyzed. An account of scientific, representational actions will be a useful piece in offering a more complete account of the practice of representation in science. Drawing on an Anscombean approach to the nature of intentional actions, the Means-End Account of Scientific, Representational Actions describes three features of scientific, representational actions: (I) the final description in the means-end ordering of descriptions is some scientific aim; (II) that interaction with a vehicle distinct from its target stands as an earlier description which is ordered toward the final description as means to end; and (III) the means-end structure is licensed by scientific practice. After describing each of the components of the Means-End Account in greater detail through the example of the representational use of a mathematical model, I explain how it can demarcate scientific, representational actions from other sorts of actions. I close by describing some payoffs of the account, showing how it contributes to a more thorough understanding of the practice of representation in science and how it can be of use in understanding the close connection between representation and other forms of scientific activity.
An algorithm for resilient sensor network upgrade with fewest PMUs

This paper reports a new development in relation to a recently published algorithm by the authors [1]. The algorithm iteratively searches for a minimum number of phasor measurement units to be added into a power system to meet a prescribed synchrophasor availability (SA). SA constraints impose a resilience requirement in the face of random interruptions in both power and data transmissions. Our earlier algorithm requires a sufficiently small step-size between iterations to achieve optimality. This paper offers an analytically calculated step-size that is just small enough to guarantee optimality. As a result, the number of buses in the system bounds the iteration number. The paper presents a separate algorithm to search among all feasible placements using branch and bound in case the iteration limit is reached before the SA specification is met. The new placement algorithm is applied to the IEEE 68-bus test system under a variety of conditions to quantify the resilience-cost tradeoff and effects of losing a single transmission line on the SA are investigated. In addition results of SA for the proposed method in this paper and the basic placement for static observability are compared.
“I Fear for My Safety, but Want to Show Bravery for Others”: Violence and Discrimination Concerns Among Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Individuals After the 2016 Presidential Election

Abstract In general, transgender individuals report experiencing high levels of discrimination and violence, as well as high levels of safety concerns and a need to be vigilant to the safety of their environs. The stress that arises from these high levels of violence and discrimination has sizable effects on mental and physical health. The results of the 2016 presidential election raised concerns that the rhetoric used during the campaign and the potential rollback of rights could result in higher rates of violence and discrimination against transgender and gender-nonconforming individuals. In the current study, we conducted an internet-based mixed methods study among a national convenience sample (N = 242) to better understand transgender, genderqueer, and gender-nonconforming individuals' concerns about, and experiences with, discrimination, violence, and hate crimes after the 2016 presidential election. Data for the current study were collected between December 2016 and May 2017. Quantitative analyses ...
Work-Life Ideologies: The Contextual Basis and Consequences of Beliefs About Work and Life

Work-life scholars have devoted considerable attention to understanding the relationship between work and life but surprisingly little attention to understanding how individuals think about the rel...
Gravity of Terror: A Computational Model

ABSTRACTCan offensive counterterror campaigns generate support for terror groups? Herein, we present a computational model of offensive counterterror motivated terrorism. Nonlinear adaptive interactions are captured by simulations and derived from a modified Newtonian law of gravity. Two variants of the model are presented. In the first, offensive counterterror efforts are lax and while more agents become vulnerable to recruitment, the number of terrorists is in decline. The second variant illustrates that severe offensive counterterror measures succeed in reducing the number of those who are vulnerable but inflate the number of terrorists. Thus, pressure emanating from offensive counterterror can encourage recruitment.
An exploration of the frequency, location, and content of parents' health- and weight-focused conversations with their children and associations with child weight status.

Abstract Introduction Although parental weight-focused conversations with children have been associated with more unhealthy weight and weight-related outcomes in children and adolescents, little is known about the content and context of these conversations or conversations about healthy eating in the home environment. This study examines the frequency, location, and content of health- and weight-focused conversations in the home environment and examines the association between specific types of health- and weight-focused conversations with child overweight status. Methods Mixed-methods data were collected from parents of children from primarily low-income, minority homes (n = 110). Quantitative data included the frequency and location (i.e., “the context”) of different types of health- and weight-focused conversations, while open-ended, write-in survey questions investigated “the content” of these conversations. Results Parents reported having more health-focused conversations with their child compared to weight-focused conversations; parents of children who were overweight had more frequent health- and weight-focused conversations than parents of children who were not overweight. The most frequent location for these conversations was during a family meal. In addition, parental health- and weight-focused conversations were more common with overweight children (p Discussion Open-ended, write-in results suggested that parental conversations about healthy eating were similar to conversations about weight. Results of this mixed-methods study provide an incremental next step in better understanding the nature of parental health- and weight-focused conversations with children.
Library experiences of transfer students at an urban campus

This study investigates the library experiences of transfer students at an urban commuter campus in the United States with approximately 20,000 students, 8,500 of whom previously attended another institution. Using a mixed methods approach, we surveyed and interviewed transfer students to gain a better understanding of their use of libraries and their comfort with locating information both before and after transferring between post-secondary institutions. Our findings indicate that there is not a standard “transfer student experience,” although usage of library resources at past institutions does affect students’ perceptions. Subsequently, librarians should develop outreach efforts and information literacy instruction that go beyond first-year students and acknowledge the research skills transfer students bring with them.
Covering’s Other Hidden Assault

In this chapter, I engage with the concept of gay “covering”—as theorized by Kenji Yoshino. Gay covering refers to actions of gay and lesbian individuals to “disattend,” or tone down, their (despised) sexuality in an effort to fit into and be accepted by the mainstream. In Yoshino’s telling, this is the newest iteration of a set of societal (and even legal) injunctions imposed on gays and lesbians, following a sequence, in the beginning, to convert, then, to pass, and finally, to cover. I argue here that while Yoshino’s analysis offers several critical insights it nonetheless elides any critical engagement with the question of agency on the part of the subject of covering. Consequently, he misunderstands the plural motivations that may lead an individual to cover. Yoshino also misreads some forms of conduct as if they encode acts of covering when in fact the individuals performing those acts are potentially merely “being themselves.” Thus, Yoshino’s critique ends up being just as oppressive as the oppression it is mobilized to dismantle in that it is an injunction to reverse cover. Consequently, it can harm, rather than help, LGBT+ persons and curtail, rather than enhance, their freedoms.
Assessment of dietary phylloquinone intake and vitamin K status in postmenopausal women.

Objective To examine the relationship between dietary phylloquinone intake and vitamin K status of postmenopausal Caucasian women. Design Cross-sectional study, in which dietary intake was estimated using weighed record techniques and vitamin K status was measured by a single plasma phylloquinone concentration and 24-h urinary gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) excretion. Setting The metabolic research unit at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA. Subjects 402 healthy postmenopausal Caucasian women who were participating in a randomized trial to determine the effect of calcium supplementation on bone loss. Of the original group, 362 had complete weighed diet records, 358 had corresponding plasma phylloquinone concentrations, and 346 had corresponding urinary Gla measurements. Results There was a significant correlation (r = 0.13, P = 0.01) between total dietary intake of phylloquinone (geometric mean = 89 micrograms/day) and plasma phylloquinone levels (mean = 1.12 nmol/l). Dietary intake was neither correlated with urinary Gla excretion (mean = 4.0 mumol/mmol creatinine) nor did it vary by season. The ratio of intra- to interindividual variance in phylloquinone intake was 2.6, from which it was estimated that 5 days of independent recording is necessary to estimate true usual dietary intake, assuming a correlation of 0.8. Conclusions A weighed record has the potential to be a reliable method for estimating dietary intakes of vitamin K which relate to plasma phylloquinone levels used as an indicator of vitamin K status in postmenopausal Caucasian women.
Implicit learning and memory.

Publisher Summary Implicit memory or nondeclarative memory does not involve conscious or deliberate retrieval. Although the different types of implicit memory have different behavioral characteristics and depend on different neural systems, they all appear to be intact in amnesic patients, and are thus independent of the brain structures damaged in amnesia. Implicit memory has been a focus in experimental psychology for more than two decades. More recently, implicit memory has become an important concept in studies of clinical populations. There are multiple forms of implicit memory that differ not only in terms of behavioral properties but also the brain systems that support them. The existence of multiple memory systems and processes reveal the immense capacity for plasticity and adaptation in the human brain. Two forms of implicit memory are studied such as priming (perceptual priming, conceptual priming, contamination from explicit memory, priming in amnesia, alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar dementia, and neural basis of priming) and procedural memory. Procedural memory generally refers to memory for knowing how to do something. The knowledge in procedural memories is not accessible to awareness, but rather is manifested only through performance of a task. Like priming one is not necessarily aware of one's procedural knowledge. Unlike priming, which can occur after a single presentation of a stimulus, procedural memories are built up gradually and incrementally with practice.
Diffusion in swelling media: modeling and applications

On March 2, 1990 David S. Ross from Eastman Kodak Company presented a problem of 1-dimensional diffusion in a medium that swells as a function of the concentration of one or more of the diffusants. He described two applications: (1) dye transfer problem of thermal imaging, and (2) a process by which filter dyes are incorporated into photographic emulsion. He concluded by posing several mathematical problems.
The Use of Evidence in Presidential Debates: A Study of Evidence Levels and Types from 1960 to 1988.

When preparing for presidential debate, candidates spend substantial time learning facts from briefing books. The present study examines whether or not this factual support actually improves a cand...
Design and Implementation of Structured Clinical Documentation Support Tools for Treating Stroke Patients.

Abstract Background and Purpose: Standardized electronic medical record tools provide an opportunity to efficiently provide care that conforms to Best Practices and supports quality improvement and practice-based research initiatives. Methods: We describe the development of a customized structured clinical documentation “toolkit” that standardizes patient data collection to conform to Best Practices for treating patients with stroke. The toolkit collects patients’ demographic information, relevant score test measures, and captures information on disability, treatment, and outcomes. Results: We describe here our creation and implementation of the toolkits and provide example screenshots. As of August 1, 2018, we have evaluated 2332 patients at an initial visit for a possible stroke. We provide basic descriptive data gathered from the use of the toolkits, demonstrating their utility in collecting patient data in a manner that supports both quality clinical care and research initiatives. Conclusions: We have developed an EMR toolkit to support Best Practices in the care of patients with stroke. We discuss quality improvement projects and current research initiatives using the toolkit. This toolkit is being shared with other Departments of Neurology as part of the Neurology Practice-Based Research Network.
Production scheduling and linear MPC: Complete integration via complementarity conditions

Abstract Competitive global market conditions and the availability of real-time pricing data call for agile and flexible operations in the chemical process industries. As the operating paradigm shifts, process scheduling decisions may consider a shorter time scale, and interactions with the process control layer become significant. The integration of these two decision-making layers is an active area of research. In this work, we propose a novel framework for the integration of production scheduling and linear model predictive control. Our approach explicitly represents the closed-loop response of the system by embedding the KKT conditions of the controller in a nonlinear programming formulation of the optimal scheduling problem. We present two case studies which demonstrate that control-informed scheduling leads to superior realized performance compared with a hierarchical, sequential decision-making structure.
Thermal substances: a Neo-Aristotelian ontology of the quantum world

The paper addresses a problem for the unification of quantum physics with the new Aristotelianism: the identification of the members of the category of substance (ousia). I outline briefly the role that substance plays in Aristotelian metaphysics, leading to the postulating of the Tiling Constraint. I then turn to the question of which entities in quantum physics can qualify as Aristotelian substances. I offer an answer: the theory of thermal substances, and I construct a fivefold case for thermal substances, based on the irreversibility of time, the definition of thermodynamic concepts, spontaneous symmetry breaking, phase transitions, and chemical form.
Inelastic Scattering of π -Mesons

The inelastic scattering of a $\ensuremath{\pi}$-meson is considered the result of an elastic collision between a meson and a free nucleon. The nuclear model determines the initial nucleon momentum distribution and limits the possible final states. The energy and angular distribution of scattered mesons is obtained in terms of the scattering probability in relative coordinates, which depends only on the momenta of the meson relative to the struck nucleon. Energy distributions of the scattered mesons, calculated for several cases from the differential cross section, indicate that collisions in which the meson loses most of its kinetic energy are relatively infrequent.
Electrocardiographic Correlates of Myocardial Injury After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

BACKGROUND Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is associated with several conduction abnormalities and a need for pacemaker placement. The study aim was to describe all electrocardiographic (ECG) changes seen after TAVR, to compare such changes between transapical (TA) and transfemoral (TF) patient cohorts, and to assess their impact on postoperative outcomes. METHODS Between March 2009 and July 2014, a total of 286 consecutive patients underwent TAVR at the present authors' institution. Perioperative data were collected prospectively, while preoperative and predischarge electrocardiograms were reviewed retrospectively by an independent cardiologist. RESULTS A greater proportion of TA patients experienced ECG changes than TF patients at the time of discharge (78% versus 42%; p <0.0001), with more intraventricular conduction abnormalities (29% versus 15%; p = 0.006), and a trend towards more frequent atrioventricular block and pacemaker placement. Troponin levels were higher in patients with new ECG changes (4.61ng/ml versus 2.12 ng/ml; p = 0.0009). New intraventricular conduction abnormalities were associated with increased one-year mortality only in the TF subgroup (65% versus 84%; p = 0.028). Six TA patients demonstrated new ECG findings of myocardial infarction, and this was associated with greater 30-day mortality (67% versus 98%; p = 0.012), although none met the clinical criteria for myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS New ECG changes after TAVR, including new conduction abnormalities, were seen more frequently in TA patients. When seen in TF patients, they were associated with decreased survival. ECG findings of new myocardial infarction, seen only in TA patients, were also associated with decreased survival.
Physics-constrained computational imaging (Conference Presentation)

Computational imaging involves the joint design of imaging system hardware and software, optimizing across the entire pipeline from acquisition to reconstruction. Computers can replace bulky and expensive optics by solving computational inverse problems. This talk will describe end-to-end learning for development of new microscopes that use computational imaging to enable 3D fluorescence and phase measurement. Traditional model-based image reconstruction algorithms are based on large-scale nonlinear non-convex optimization; we combine these with unrolled neural networks to learn both the image reconstruction algorithm and the optimized data capture strategy.
Seeing like an algorithm: operative images and emergent subjects

Algorithmic vision, the computational process of making meaning from digital images or visual information, has changed the relationship between the image and the human subject. In this paper, I explicate on the role of algorithmic vision as a technique of algorithmic governance, the organization of a population by algorithmic means. With its roots in the United States post-war cybernetic sciences, the ontological status of the computational image undergoes a shift, giving way to the hegemonic use of automated facial recognition technologies towards predatory policing and profiling practices. By way of example, I argue that algorithmic vision reconfigures the philosophical links between vision, image, and truth, paradigmatically changing the way a human subject is represented through imagistic data. With algorithmic vision, the relationship between subject and representation challenges the humanistic discourse around images, calling for a critical displacement of the human subject from the center of an analysis of how computational images make meaning. I will explore the relationship between the operative image, the image that acts but is not seen by human eyes, and what Louise Amoore calls an “emergent subject,” a subject that is made visible through algorithmic techniques (2013). Algorithmic vision reveals subjects to power in a mode that requires a new approach towards analyzing the entanglement and invisiblization of the human in automated decision-making systems.
T-wave/QRS complex amplitude correlations with myocardial edema in patients with takotsubo syndrome

To the Editor, I enjoyed reading the review by Dastidar et al. [1] published online ahead of print on April 21, 2015, in the Journal, about the contributions of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) in the diagnosis of Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) in general and its predictive role in the emergence of lethal ventricular arrhythmias in particular. The authors delve into the relationship between the electrocardiogram (ECG) T-wave inversion and QT interval prolongation [2], and cMRI-based characterization of myocardial edema (ME), and specifically its intracardiac apicobasal ME gradient [3, 4]. Indeed, repolarization times increased from the basal to the apical sites in both the epicardium and the endocardium [4] with correlation with the increasing intensity of ME from the base to the apex. While amplitude of the inverted T-waves and duration of the corrected QT interval have been correlated with ME [3, 4], another feature of the ECG attributed to ME (i.e., attenuated amplitude of the QRS complexes) [5] has not been evaluated heretofore. Accordingly, it would be contributory to our knowledge about TTS, and its relationship to ME and ventricular arrhythmic consequences to correlate ME and amplitude of ECG QRS complexes employed various sets of the ECG leads, as done previously [5]. Intuitively, what appears to be a promising possibility is comparison of ME gradient with change of the amplitude of the QRS complexes between the admission ECG and the subsequent ECG with the lowest amplitude of QRS complexes [5]. Indeed, comparison of the latter ECG with a previous ECG acquired prior to the admission with TTS may be the ideal comparison change to be correlated with indices of cMRI-derived ME.
A Spectroscopic Study of Nuclear Processing and Production of Anomalously Strong Lines in the Crab Nebula

We present and discuss correlations for optical and near-infrared (5500-10030 angstroms) line intensity measurements at many positions in the Crab Nebula. These correlations suggest the existence of gas produced by a range of nuclear processing, from material in which synthesis ended with the CNO-cycle, to some helium-burning and nitrogen depletion, to regions containing enriched products of oxygen-burning. The latter exhibit a gradual, linear rise of [Ni II] emission with increasing argon enrichment, whereas gas with less nuclear processing shows markedly different [Ni II] emission characteristics, including the highest derived abundances. This suggests two origins for stable, neutron-rich nickel in the nebula: a type of "alpha-rich freezeout" in the more highly processed material, and possibly removal of ions from the neutron star in other regions. In addition, the data indicate that anomalously strong observed [C I] emission comes from broad, low-ionization zones. Although the strongest He I emission could also be enhanced in similar low-ionization gas, correlations between relevant line ratios argue against that interpretation, strengthening the case for an exceptionally high helium mass fraction in some locations.
A Prognostic Index for Predicting Survival of Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy for Spine Metastasis Using Recursive Partitioning Analysis.

Background: Physicians' estimate of life expectancy in patients with spine metastasis frequently impacts treatment decisions regarding surgery, radiation techniques, dose, and fractionation. Objective: We aimed to identify predictors of survival and generate a stratification schema that could guide clinical decision making. Materials and Methods: We identified 269 patients who have undergone surgery and/or radiation for spine metastasis from 2002 to 2013 at an academic medical institution in the United States. A univariate survival analysis was carried out using the Kaplan-Meier method. Differences in survival by histology were assessed using the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model, then using the same variables, recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was conducted to determine risk groups associated with survival. Results: The median overall survival was 4.76 months. Twenty percent, 40%, and 57% of patients died within one, three, and six months of radiation treatment, respectively. RPA analysis resulted in three classes; class I included patients with Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) ≥80. Class II included patients with KPS <80 and radioresistant or favorable histologies. Class III included all other histologies. Median survival in months was 11.4, 6.3, and 2.0, respectively. Conclusion: We developed a stratification schema predictive of survival in patients with spine metastasis. This RPA classification should be validated in independent patient populations from several institutions and may ultimately identify patients who are good candidates for more complex treatment regimens, such as stereotactic body radiotherapy.
Spin spiral and topological Hall effect in Fe 3 Ga 4

A new mechanism for the topological Hall effect (THE) was recently proposed for the spiral magnet ${\mathrm{YMn}}_{6}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{6},$ which requires transverse conical spiral magnetism, induced by external magnetic field, combined with thermally excited helical spiral magnons. In principle, this mechanism should be applicable to other itinerant spiral magnets as well. In this paper, we show that another magnetic compound, ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{4}$, in which THE was observed experimentally before, in one of its phases satisfies this condition, and the proposed theory of thermal-fluctuation-driven THE is quantitatively consistent with the experiment. This finding suggests that this mechanism is indeed rather universal, and the effect may have been observed in other compounds before but overlooked.
A New Method for Inferring Ground-Truth Labels and Malware Detector Effectiveness Metrics

In the context of malware detection, ground-truth labels of files are often difficult or costly to obtain; as a consequence, malware detector effectiveness metrics (e.g., false-positive and false-negative rates) are hard to measure. The unavailability of ground-truth labels also hinder the training of machine learning based malware detectors. These issues are often encountered by researchers and practitioners and force them to use various heuristics without justification. Therefore, seeking principled methods has become an important open problem. In this paper, we present a principled method for tackling the problem.
The geometry of the Yang-Mills moduli space for definite manifolds

On etudie la geometrie riemannienne de l'espace des modules Μ des connexions auto-duales SU(2) k=1 sur une classe tres generale de 4-varietes: des 4-varietes compactes orientees simplement connexe M a forme d'intersection definie positive
Policy Analysis Postmodernized

This paper examines the implications of postmodern deconstructive insights for the practice and teaching of policy analysis. A review of recent literature highlights the clashes between rational/positivist and rhetorical/postpositivist perspectives, and concludes that elitist technocratic complexity too often excludes the public from meaningful policy deliberation. The paper closes with concrete recommendations for the academic preparation of more democratic, more rhetorically sophisticated “postmodern” policy analysts.
A CORBA-Based Distributed Component Environment for Wrapping and Coupling Legacy Scientific Codes

Within NASA's High Performance Computing and Communication (HPCC) program, the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) is developing a large scale, detailed simulation environment for the analysis and design of aircraft engines called the Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS). The three major aspects of modeling capabilities focused in NPSS, including integration of different engine components, coupling of multiple disciplines, and engine component zooming at appropriate level of fidelity, require relatively tight coupling of different analysis codes. Most of these codes in aerodynamics and solid mechanics are written in Fortran. Refitting these legacy Fortran codes with distributed objects can increase these codes reusability. In this paper, we describe our experiences in building a CORBA-based component development environment for programmers to easily wrap and couple legacy Fortran codes. This environment consists of a C++ wrapper library to hide the details of CORBA and an efficient remote variable scheme to facilitate data exchange between the client and the server. We also report empirical performance evaluation results and describe current applications.
Leukoaraiosis Is Associated With Impaired Functional Recovery And Outcome After Mild Ischemic Stroke. (P7.153)

OBJECTIVE: To determine if severe Leukoaraiosis is an independent risk factor for impaired functional recovery and outcome after mild ischemic stroke. BACKGROUND: Leukoaraiosis is frequently present in the elderly and portends a worse long-term prognosis including increased risk for dependence and death, particularly after large artery occlusion. However, little is known about the impact of leukoaraiosis on functional outcome after minor stroke. Thus, we sought to ascertain whether leukoaraiosis is an independent risk factor for the degree of recovery and final outcome in patients with mild ischemic stroke. METHODS: We analyzed 204 consecutive patients admitted to a single tertiary care stroke center with mild ischemic stroke (National Institutes of Health Scale [NIHSS] score <=5). Baseline clinical, laboratory, and outcome data were retrospectively analyzed from a prospectively collected database. Leukoaraiosis severity was assessed on admission CT or MRI brain using the van Swieten scale grading the supratentorial white matter hypoattenuation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with stepwise backward elimination was used to identify independent predictors of a favorable discharge modified Rankin Score (mRS <2). RESULTS: Admission NIHSS, age, history of hypertension, diabetes, and severe leukoaraiosis were associated with an unfavorable mRS at discharge (unadjusted p<0.05). After adjustment, higher admission NIHSS (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.40- 2.16; p<0.001), history of hypertension (OR 3.23; 95% CI; 1.37- 7.61; p = 0.007) and severe leukoaraiosis (OR 2.35; 95% CI 1.17-4.70; p = 0.016) were independently associated with an unfavorable outcome at discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Leukoaraiosis is an independent risk factor for poor functional outcome at discharge after minor ischemic stroke. Further analysis whether this effect persists to 90 days are ongoing. Disclosure: Dr. Onteddu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Minaeian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Goddeau has nothing to disclose. Dr. Henninger has received personal compensation for activities with Brainsgate as a consultant.
A Competency Approach to Healing “Past Life Trauma”

Abstract Traces the use of competency-based counseling to relieve chronic headaches attributed by the client to physical, sexual and psychospiritual trauma suffered in past lives. Treatment focused on the skills and resources the client could bring to bear on her problem. Case study includes commentary by the counselor and comments from the client six months after treatment. Treatment consisted of 10 sessions over a five-month period, and the client reported sustained improvement six months after counseling ended. Competency-based counseling uses theory and technique from solution-focused brief therapy, narrative therapy, and O'Hanlon's possibility therapy to move clients toward their goals as quickly as possible.
Defining canonical-signed-digit number systems as arithmetic codes

The canonical-signed-digit (CSD) number system is widely used to represent filter coefficients for filter implementation using efficient addition/subtraction networks for the multiplication of 2's complement input signals. Higher radix CSD has been proposed for dramatic reduction of terms that must be combined. In this paper, we redefine CSD and radix-4 CSD as arithmetic codes. By defining these number representations using the well-known theory of arithmetic coding, we provide the opportunity to transfer techniques from one field to another.
Modulation of receptor sensitivity: possible therapeutic target?

Ischaemic preconditioning and post-conditioning are cardioprotective interventions that salvage ischaemic myocardium and reduce infarct size. Yet this cardioprotective effect is not the sole response of the heart to ischaemic preconditioning and post-conditioning. It was known that protein kinase C activation in the signalling cascade of ischaemic preconditioning increased the affinity of the adenosine A2b receptor so that much lower concentrations of adenosine caused A2b receptor-dependent signalling. In this issue of the British Journal of Pharmacology, these cardioprotective interventions are shown to block desensitization of surface receptors on the sarcolemma of the cardiomyocyte and this receptor effect is divorced from any cardioprotection. Modulating receptor function through signalling pathways is a novel idea but, currently, whether these observations have any clinical relevance is not known. Additional investigations are warranted to determine whether this effect on receptors can be generalized to other surface receptors, and whether the effect can be harnessed to improve treatment of the patient with acute myocardial infarction.
Experiments on few-electron very high-Z ions

The production1 in 1983 of a beam of bare U92+at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory’s Bevalac2, the Bevatron and Super-HILAC operating in tandem, demonstrated the feasibility of experiments using few-electron uranium. Since then, experiments by Anholt and collaborators3-8have led to an understanding of the physics of charge changing collisions at relativistic energies. Charge changing collisions at relativistic energies are, in many cases, now better understood than charge changing collisions at non relativistic energies. In 1984 x rays from radiative electron capture into the K shell of uranium was observed3, 6by Anholt et. al. and x rays from n=2 → n=l transitions in hydrogenlike uranium (U91+) and heliumlike uranium (U90+) were observed by Munger and Gould9. A preliminary value10for the Lamb shift in heliumlike uranium was obtained by Munger and Gould in 1986.
Prospective study of circulating factor XI and incident venous thromboembolism: The Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology (LITE).

Elevated plasma concentrations of coagulation factor XI may increase risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), but prospective data are limited. We studied prospectively the associations of plasma factor XI and a key F11 genetic variant with incident VTE in whites and African-Americans. We measured factor XI in 16,299 participants, initially free of VTE, in two prospective population cohorts. We also measured the F11 single nucleotide polymorphism rs4241824, which a genome-wide association study had linked to factor XI concentration. During follow-up, we identified 606 VTEs. The age, race, sex, and study-adjusted hazard ratio of VTE increased across factor XI quintiles (P < 0.001 for trend), and the hazard ratio was 1.51 (95% CI 1.16, 1.97) for the highest versus lowest quintile overall, and was 1.42 (95% CI 1.03, 1.95) in whites and 1.72 (95% CI 1.08, 2.73) in African-Americans. In whites, the F11 variant was associated with both factor XI concentration and VTE incidence (1.15-fold greater incidence of VTE per risk allele). In African-Americans, these associations were absent. In conclusion, this cohort study documented that an elevated plasma factor XI concentration is a risk factor for VTE over extended follow-up, not only in whites but also in African-Americans. In whites, the association of the F11 genetic variant with VTE suggests a causal relation, but we did not observe this genetic relation in African-Americans. Am. J. Hematol. 90:1047–1051, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Saving–investment Association and Regional Capital Mobility in China: A Nonparametric Panel Approach

Using a nonparametric panel data model, this paper estimates the degree of time-varying and province-specific capital mobility in China during 1970–2006. We estimate the savings–investment association, that is, the savings retention rate a la Feldstein and Horioka, as a measure of capital mobility. We also split the total savings (investment) into private and government savings (investment) to explore the role of government in improving capital mobility. Over time, we find an improvement in capital mobility after the mid-1990s. Across provinces, we observe higher capital mobility in eastern/coastal regions. From the 1990s, the government is found to play a less important role in promoting capital mobility. Across provinces, the government is found to be more important in either the municipalities (Shanghai and Beijing) or the less developed inland provinces.
Attitudes toward the Elderly as a Function of Institutionalization and Environmental Control.

A self-fulfilling cycle, in which negative stereotypes of aging create environments where the physical and psychological decline of aging develops and perpetuates the stereotypes, is proposed to occur. Seventy-two individuals were presented with written descriptions of an elderly person who did or did not have control over relocation to a family member's home or an institution. It was predicted and found that subjects did not hold negative attitudes to aging per se but such attitudes were influenced by negative environmental conditions (un controllability and institutionalization) associated with aging and which have been found to actually promote physical and psychological decline. Negative attitudes toward aging may not merely reflect the aging process, but may be determinants of both the experience of aging and general attitudes toward the aged.