cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Methodology for Comparing the Software Interfaces of Competitive Products

In a competitive development environment, a method is needed to quantify the usability characteristics of an interface. This quantification provides a basis for making human factors design recommendations. A methodology for comparing the usability characteristics of product interfaces with those of the competition is presented. The discussion details the steps of a competitive evaluation methodology: (1) definition of interface objectives, (2) development of a flow chart for each product interface, (3) determination of the categories of comparison based on salient and quantifiable characteristics of the interface, (4) derivation of the metrics used for comparison, and (5) the resulting comparative evaluation. The methodology was used to compare the panel (screen) format and navigation characteristics of two network controllers. The value of this methodology and its impact on the way human factors engineers contribute to product development are also discussed.
Modern analytical ultracentrifugation in protein science: A tutorial review

Analytical ultracentrifugation (AU) is reemerging as a versatile tool for the study of proteins. Monitoring the sedimentation of macromolecules in the centrifugal field allows their hydrodynamic and thermodynamic characterization in solution, without interaction with any matrix or surface. The combination of new instrumentation and powerful computational software for data analysis has led to major advances in the characterization of proteins and protein complexes. The pace of new advancements makes it difficult for protein scientists to gain sufficient expertise to apply modern AU to their research problems. To address this problem, this review builds from the basic concepts to advanced approaches for the characterization of protein systems, and key computational and internet resources are provided. We will first explore the characterization of proteins by sedimentation velocity (SV). Determination of sedimentation coefficients allows for the modeling of the hydrodynamic shape of proteins and protein complexes. The computational treatment of SV data to resolve sedimenting components has been achieved. Hence, SV can be very useful in the identification of the oligomeric state and the stoichiometry of heterogeneous interactions. The second major part of the review covers sedimentation equilibrium (SE) of proteins, including membrane proteins and glycoproteins. This is the method of choice for molar mass determinations and the study of selfassociation and heterogeneous interactions, such as protein–protein, protein–nucleic acid, and protein–small molecule binding.
The performance of two classes of active sonar detectors in a shallow water environment

An active sonar scenario in which the sonar array is placed at a relatively shallow depth and is prone to surface interference is considered. The array depth is either known or unknown, with known probability density function. The performance of two detectors representative of the detection approaches discussed is examined using a reverberation simulation generator (REVSIM). The performance comparison is made in terms of detector receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. >
S‐mephenytoin 4‐hydroxylase is inherited as an autosomal‐recessive trait in Japanese families

The 4-hydroxylation of S-mephenytoin exhibits polymorphism in both whites and Japanese such that the populations can be divided into extensive and poor metabolizers. To determine whether genetic constitution is a primary determinant in the expression of such metabolism, four extended Japanese families containing 13 sets of parent/offspring relationships were phenotyped for their mephenytoin 4-hydroxylation activity using the 8-hour urinary ratio of unchanged R- and S-mephenytoin as the trait measurement. The incidence of the poor metabolizer phenotype in these families was 2.2 times greater than that in an unrelated Japanese population. In three families in which both parents were poor metabolizers of mephenytoin, all six children also exhibited the poor metabolizer trait. The phenotype distribution for each family studied was consistent with the hypothesis that mephenytoin 4-hydroxylation activity is under diallelic, monogenic control, with the poor metabolizer phenotype being the autosomal recessive homozygous genotype and the extensive metabolizer phenotype including both the autosomal dominant and heterozygous genotypes. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1987) 42, 96–99; doi:10.1038/clpt.1987.114
Coronary Artery Disease Evaluation Using Cardiac CTA

The application of cardiovascular CT imaging toward the detection, characterization, and prognostication of coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most rapidly evolving and exciting aspects of cardiovascular medicine. Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) has revolutionized the diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease by providing new methods for noninvasive imaging of coronary arteries. Coronary arterial calcification of plaques, plaque progression, stenosis characterization, plaque analysis, and appropriate use criteria will be presented below.
Efficient transmission of MPEG-2 video bit streams over HIPERLAN/2: Research Articles

This paper studies the transmission of MPEG-2 video bit streams over HIPERLAN/2 based wireless local area networks (WLANs). HIPERLAN/2, a WLAN standard introduced by ETSI (the European Telecommunications Standards Institute), is well known for its ability to operate under different physical (PHY) modes (modulation schemes) and adaptively switch its modes within a single transmission session. Each physical mode has certain throughput and error resilience associated with it. The presence of multiple physical modes can be exploited to achieve Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees for application parameters such as throughput, bit error rate (BER), jitter etc. In this paper, we first study the relationship of different PHY modes with BER and throughput. Based on this study, different content based marking algorithms are presented and analyzed that partitions the input video bitstream into multiple segments, where each segment is deemed suitable for transmission over HIPERLAN/2 operating under a specific PHY mode. We show that for a given video bit stream, the use of multiple PHY modes chosen based on the characteristics of underlying video data yields superior throughput and better picture quality in terms of pixel signal to noise ratio (PSNR). From the power consumption point of view, the marking algorithms can achieve desired throughput or PSNR with lower signal to interference ratio (SIR) levels thus saving battery power and extending the overall battery life. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detecting the Status of a Predictive Incremental Speech Understanding Model for Real-Time Decision-Making in a Spoken Dialogue System.

We explore the potential for a responsive spoken dialogue system to use the real-time status of an incremental speech understanding model to guide its incremental decision-making about how to respond to a user utterance that is still in progress. Spoken dialogue systems have a range of potentially useful realtime response options as a user is speaking, such as providing acknowledgments or backchannels, interrupting the user to ask a clarification question or to initiate the system’s response, or even completing the user’s utterance at appropriate moments. However, implementing such incremental response capabilities seems to require that a system be able to assess its own level of understanding incrementally, so that an appropriate response can be selected at each moment. In this paper, we use a datadriven classification approach to explore the trade-offs that a virtual human dialogue system faces in reliably identifying how its understanding is progressing during a user utterance.
Developing a Meta-Database for the African Diaspora, with a Focus on African Americans

While there are a many databases that provide information on a variety of topics pertaining to African Americans, they fail to provide data that capture the essence of Black history, African culture, and the African experience. Information communication technology (ICT), used to harness data an historical, socio-economic and other data sources on subjects related to Africa, African culture, and genealogical data regarding people of the African decent throughout the Diaspora is quite limited. The existing information housed on databases is difficult to obtain through standard queries, Intranet, and Web browsers. The existing genealogy Web services provide little or no relevant information and charge a monthly subscription fee. Databases are owned and controlled by organizations, government agencies, and educational institutions, instead of being operated by Africans throughout the continent or the Diaspora. There are also economic and technical barriers that contribute to information not being disseminated electronically from an African-centered perspective. Africans lack the resources to effectively catalogue information electronically, and being able to access pertinent data is attributed to a lack of ownership of infrastructure used to house and maintain a viable database. The current search method used in Web browsers, journal databases, and government search databases are difficult to use in order to acquire information effectively by those who are trained to conduct queries on topics related to African culture, history, and unique issues affecting Africans throughout the Diaspora. In addition to challenges encountered by an inability to obtain information electronically, the existing search engines do not offer a querying method for information related to traditional African languages. The data being uploaded to databases and Web sites that reference assortment of African topics are often updated by webmasters that do not use relevant information. My research intends to adopt a synchronic approach to describe the structures and functions of existing social science meta-databases, resulting from the creation of an African Diasporan social meta-database. This method deals with the development of a meta-database for African-centered social science research. Thus, the hypothesis is that the creation of an African Diaspora data infrastructure will provide culturally-oriented research that is germane to people of African descent all over the world. Data collection will be based on the document analysis of secondary books, journals, and Internet sources. The data collected will be systematically analyzed by using a mixture of quantitative and qualitative techniques.
Detection of zinc oxide and cerium dioxide nanoparticles during drinking water treatment by rapid single particle ICP-MS methods

Nanoparticles (NPs) entering water systems are an emerging concern as NPs are more frequently manufactured and used. Single particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) methods were validated to detect Zn- and Ce-containing NPs in surface and drinking water using a short dwell time of 0.1 ms or lower, ensuring precision in single particle detection while eliminating the need for sample preparation. Using this technique, information regarding NP size, size distribution, particle concentration, and dissolved ion concentrations was obtained simultaneously. The fates of Zn- and Ce-NPs, including those found in river water and added engineered NPs, were evaluated by simulating a typical drinking water treatment process. Lime softening, alum coagulation, powdered activated carbon sorption, and disinfection by free chlorine were simulated sequentially using river water. Lime softening removed 38–53 % of Zn-containing and ZnO NPs and >99 % of Ce-containing and CeO2 NPs. Zn-containing and ZnO NP removal increased to 61–74 % and 77–79 % after alum coagulation and disinfection, respectively. Source and drinking water samples were collected from three large drinking water treatment facilities and analyzed for Zn- and Ce-containing NPs. Each facility had these types of NPs present. In all cases, particle concentrations were reduced by a minimum of 60 % and most were reduced by >95 % from source water to finished drinking water. This study concludes that uncoated ZnO and CeO2 NPs may be effectively removed by conventional drinking water treatments including lime softening and alum coagulation.
How Impurities Affect CO2 Capture in Metal–Organic Frameworks Modified with Different Functional Groups

The introduction of functional groups in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has been found to be a successful strategy for improving CO2 selective separation from N2. However, little is known regarding how impurities such as H2O and SO2 may interfere with CO2 capture as a function of the properties of the functional groups in MOF adsorbent materials. Here, the effects of water and SO2 on CO2 capture in UiO-66(Zr) MOFs are systematically explored. The basic structure of UiO-66(Zr) is modified in each case with −NH2, −OH, or −Br functional groups, and CO2 capture is investigated using molecular simulations. It is found that for UiO-66(Zr) with −NH2 and −OH groups, due to strong interactions between water and the framework, the presence of water lowers CO2 adsorption significantly. In contrast, due to the water-phobic effects of −Br, and subsequent low binding strength between water and UiO-66-Br, water has much smaller effect on CO2 capture in this MOF. Regarding SO2 effects, the presence of SO2 in the mixture...
Immunologic effects of continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices before and after heart transplant.

Background Immune allosensitization can be triggered by continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF LVAD). However, the effect of this type of allosensitization on post-transplant outcomes remains controversial. This study examined the post-transplant course in a contemporary cohort of patients undergoing transplantation with and without LVAD bridging. Methods We included consecutive patients who were considered for cardiac transplant from 2006 to 2015. Serum alloantibodies were detected with single-antigen beads on the Luminex platform (One Lambda Inc., Canoga Park, CA). Allosensitization was defined as calculated panel reactive antibody (cPRA) > 10%. cPRA was determined at multiple times. LVAD-associated allosensitization was defined as development of cPRA > 10% in patients with cPRA ≤ 10% before LVAD implantation. Post-transplant outcomes of interest were acute cellular rejection (ACR), antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), and survival. Results Allosensitization status was evaluated in 268 patients (20% female). Mean age was 52 ± 12 years, and 132 (49.3%) received CF LVADs. After LVAD implant, 30 patients (23%) became newly sensitized, and the level of sensitization appeared to diminish in many of these patients while awaiting transplant. During the study period, 225 of 268 patients underwent transplant, and 43 did not. A CF LVAD was used to bridge 50% of the transplant recipients. Compared with patients without new sensitization or those already sensitized at baseline, the patients with LVAD-associated sensitization had a higher risk of ACR (p = 0.049) and higher risk of AMR (p = 0.018) but a similar intermediate-term post-transplant survival. The patients who did not receive a transplant had higher level of allosensitization, with a baseline cPRA of 20% vs 6% in those who received an allograft and a high risk (40%) of death during follow-up. Conclusions New allosensitization takes place in > 20% of patents supported with CF LVADs. Among patients who undergo transplant, this results in a higher risk of ACR and AMR, but survival remains favorable, likely due to the efficacy of current management after transplant. However, mortality in sensitized patients who do not reach transplant remains high, and new approaches are necessary to meet the needs of this group of patients.
The brain's reward circuitry regulates immunity

A new study in mice shows that activation of the brain's reward system boosts beneficial antibacterial immunity in the periphery. These findings provide biological insights into the association between psychological and physical well-being.
Flight Control of Biomimetic Air Vehicles Using Vibrational Control and Averaging

A combination of vibrational inputs and state feedback is applied to control the flight of a biomimetic air vehicle. First, a control strategy is developed for longitudinal flight, using a quasi-steady aerodynamic model and neglecting wing inertial effects. Vertical and forward motion is controlled by modulating the wings’ stroke and feather angles, respectively. Stabilizing control parameter values are determined using the time-averaged dynamic model. Simulations of a system resembling a hawkmoth show that the proposed controller can overcome modeling error associated with the wing inertia and small parameter uncertainties when following a prescribed trajectory. After introducing the approach through an application to longitudinal flight, the control strategy is extended to address flight in three-dimensional space.
Characterization of Synthesized and Commercial Forms of Magnesium Stearate Using Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Thermogravimetric Analysis, Powder X-Ray Diffraction, and Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy

Magnesium stearate is the salt of a complex mixture of fatty acids, with the majority being stearate and palmitate. It has multiple crystalline forms and, potentially, an amorphous form. Magnesium stearate is used in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry as a powder lubricant, and typically is added at low levels (∼1%) during the manufacturing process and blended for a relatively short time (∼5 min). Proper levels and mixing times are needed, as too short a mixing time or too small a quantity will result in improper lubrication, and too much can negatively impact dissolution rates. The complex mixture of multiple fatty acids and crystalline forms in magnesium stearate leads to variability between commercial sources, and switching between sources can impact both the amount of lubricant and mixing time needed for proper lubrication. In order to better understand the complex nature of magnesium stearate, a variety of analytical techniques were used to characterize both synthesized and commercial magnesium stearate samples. The results show that correlation among differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and other techniques provides a unique insight into the forms of magnesium stearate. Finally, the ability to monitor form changes of magnesium stearate in an intact tablet using solid-state NMR spectroscopy is shown.
What drives solar-EUV jets seen in equatorial coronal holes?

Abstract Recent observations of jets in solar coronal holes that include multi-wavelength data such as EUV movies have shown that most of those jets are not driven in the way suggested by the standard model. The standard model proposes that new, closed magnetic field emerges from below the solar surface to interact with already-existing magnetic field that extends high into the corona. Evidence provided by the EUV movies however, shows that the jet is driven out along the ambient field by the eruption of stressed, closed field that has built up at the base of the jet and that the eruption carries a clump of relatively cool solar plasma (called a minifilament) in its core. Our research suggests that the stressed base field is both built up, and triggered to erupt by magnetic flux cancellation, not field emergence. The explosive field in many other solar eruptions of all sizes is built up and triggered in a similar way. We show one example of flux cancellation that leads to a jet in a coronal hole, using data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO).
Scrambler therapy for treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

9622 Background: More effective treatment is needed for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Preliminary data support the use of Scrambler therapy, a device which treats pain via non-...
Removal, resistance and the right to the Olympic city: The case of Vila Autodromo in Rio de Janeiro

On the same October day in 2009 that the International Olympic Committee announced the 2016 Summer Olympics would be held in Rio de Janeiro, the mayor of Rio de Janeiro announced that Vila Autodrom...
Security keynote: Ultra-low-energy security circuit primitives for IoT platforms

Low-area energy-efficient security primitives are key building blocks for enabling end-to-end content protection, user authentication and data security in IoT platforms. This talk describes the design of security circuit primitives that employ energy-efficient circuit techniques with optimal hardware-friendly arithmetic for seamless integration into area/battery-constrained IoT systems: 1) A 2040-gate AES accelerator achieving 289-Gbps/W efficiency in 22-nm CMOS, 2) Hardened hybrid physically unclonablef Function (PUF) circuit to generate a 100% stable encryption key. 3) All-digital TRNG to achieve >0.99-min-entropy with 3-pJ/bit energy efficiency. The talk will also discuss design issues related to side-channel leakage of key information, and how they may be addressed during design of encryption circuits. Finally, the talk will touch upon existing challenges of maintaining the integrity of security circuits, while still enabling testability and post-silicon validation.
Urban legislation assessment by data analytics with smart city characteristics

Smart cities receive great attention today especially in conjunction with ubiquitous computing. People feel the need to access information about their cities anywhere anytime. They wish to be actively involved with local government bodies for policy decisions affecting urban lifestyle. Accordingly, this paper describes our research on urban policy management. We analyze urban legislation, more specifically, ordinances or local laws. We categorize ordinances based on smart city characteristics they address. This work deploys data warehousing, XML data management and data mining over categorized ordinances. Interesting findings include relative importance of smart city characteristics considering the focus given by urban agencies. This research helps agencies assess their current ordinance policies with decision support for the future. It also provides urban residents at-a-glance information about their cities and policies with analysis. This work has broader impacts of enhancing smart cities and ubiquitous computing by making useful information widely accessible with suitable inferences.
Solution Properties and Practical Limits of Concentrated Electrolytes for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries

Nonaqueous redox flow batteries (NRFBs) use energized organic fluids that contain redox active organic molecules (ROMs) and supporting electrolyte. Such all-organic electrolytes have wider electrochemical stability windows than the more familiar aqueous electrolytes, potentially allowing a higher energy density in the solutions of charged ROMs. As this energy density increases linearly with the concentration of the charge carriers, physicochemical properties of concentrated ROM solutions in both states of charge present considerable practical interest. For NRFBs to become competitive with other types of flow cells, the current techno-economic analyses favor highly concentrated solutions (>1 M) with high ionic conductivity (>5 mS/cm). It is not presently clear that such solutions can have the required dynamic properties. In this study, we show that ion diffusivities and conductivities of ROM-containing electrolytes reach maxima around 0.5 M and decrease significantly at higher concentrations; realistic lim...
Transporting inferences from a randomized trial to a new target population

When variables that are treatment effect modifiers also influence the decision to participate in a clinical trial, the average effect among trial participants will differ from the effect in other populations of trial-eligible individuals. In this tutorial, we consider methods for transporting inferences about a time-fixed treatment from trial participants to a new target population of trial-eligible individuals, using data from a completed randomized trial along with baseline covariate data from a sample of non-participants. We examine methods based on modeling the expectation of the outcome, the probability of participation, or both (doubly robust). We compare the finite-sample performance of different methods in a simulation study and provide example code to implement the methods in software. We illustrate the application of the methods to the Coronary Artery Surgery Study, a randomized trial nested within a cohort of trial-eligible patients to compare coronary artery surgery plus medical therapy versus medical therapy alone for patients with chronic coronary artery disease. Lastly, we discuss issues that arise when using the methods in applied transportability analyses.
Internalised Values and Fairness Perception: Ethics in Knowledge Management

This chapter argues for ethical consideration in knowledge management (KM). It explores the effect that internalised values and fairness perception have on individuals’ participation in KM practices. Knowledge is power, and organisations seek to manage knowledge through KM practices. For knowledge to be processed, individual employees—the source of all knowledge—need to be willing to participate in KM practices. As knowledge is power and a key constituent part of knowledge is ethics, individuals’ internalised values and fairness perception affect knowledge-processing. Where an organisation claims ownership over knowledge, an individual may perceive being treated unfairly, which may obstruct knowledge-processing. Through adopting ethical KM practices, individual needs are respected, enabling knowledge-processing. Implications point towards an ethical agenda in KM theory and practice.
Apocarotenoids: Emerging roles in mammals

Apocarotenoids are cleavage products of C40 isoprenoid pigments, named carotenoids, synthesized exclusively by plants and microorganisms. The colors of flowers and fruits and the photosynthetic process are examples of the biological properties conferred by carotenoids to these organisms. Mammals do not synthesize carotenoids but obtain them from foods of plant origin. Apocarotenoids are generated upon enzymatic and nonenzymatic cleavage of the parent compounds both in plants and in the tissues of mammals that have ingested carotenoid-containing foods. The best-characterized apocarotenoids are retinoids (vitamin A and its derivatives), generated upon central oxidative cleavage of provitamin A carotenoids, mainly β-carotene. In addition to the well-known biological actions of vitamin A, it is becoming apparent that nonretinoid apocarotenoids also have the potential to regulate a broad spectrum of critical cellular functions, thus influencing mammalian health. This review discusses the current knowledge about the generation and biological activities of nonretinoid apocarotenoids in mammals.
Regenerable Nickel-Functionalized Activated Carbon Cathodes Enhanced by Metal Adsorption to Improve Hydrogen Production in Microbial Electrolysis Cells.

While nickel is a good alternative to platinum as a catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction, it is desirable to reduce the amount of nickel needed for cathodes in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). Activated carbon (AC) was investigated as a cathode base structure for Ni as it is inexpensive and an excellent adsorbent for Ni, and it has a high specific surface area. AC nickel-functionalized electrodes (AC-Ni) were prepared by incorporating Ni salts into AC by adsorption, followed by cathode fabrication using a phase inversion process using a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) binder. The AC-Ni cathodes had significantly higher (∼50%) hydrogen production rates than controls (plain AC) in smaller MECs (static flow conditions) over 30 days of operation, with no performance decrease over time. In larger MECs with catholyte recirculation, the AC-Ni cathode produced a slightly higher hydrogen production rate (1.1 ± 0.1 L-H2/Lreactor/day) than MECs with Ni foam (1.0 ± 0.1 L-H2/Lreactor/day). Ni dissolution ...
Hemostatic nanoparticles increase survival, mitigate neuropathology and alleviate anxiety in a rodent blast trauma model

Explosions account for 79% of combat related injuries and often lead to polytrauma, a majority of which include blast-induced traumatic brain injuries (bTBI). These injuries lead to internal bleeding in multiple organs and, in the case of bTBI, long term neurological deficits. Currently, there are no treatments for internal bleeding beyond fluid resuscitation and surgery. There is also a dearth of treatments for TBI. We have developed a novel approach using hemostatic nanoparticles that encapsulate an anti-inflammatory, dexamethasone, to stop the bleeding and reduce inflammation after injury. We hypothesize that this will improve not only survival but long term functional outcomes after blast polytrauma. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) hemostatic nanoparticles encapsulating dexamethasone (hDNPs) were fabricated and tested following injury along with appropriate controls. Rats were exposed to a single blast wave using an Advanced Blast Simulator, inducing primary blast lung and bTBI. Survival was elevated in the hDNPs group compared to controls. Elevated anxiety parameters were found in the controls, compared to hDNPs. Histological analysis indicated that apoptosis and blood-brain barrier disruption in the amygdala were significantly increased in the controls compared to the hDNPs and sham groups. Immediate intervention is crucial to mitigate injury mechanisms that contribute to emotional deficits.
Girlhood, beauty pageants, and power: trailer park royalty

To start with, readers must understand Girlhood, Beauty Pageants, and Power: Trailer Park Royalty is not a consideration of large scale beauty pageants like the Miss USA pageant, or an examination ...
Effect of Sub-nanoparticle Architecture on Cycling Performance of MnO2 Battery Cathodes through Thermal Tuning of Polymorph Composition

Reversible cycling of MnO2 cathodes remains a challenge in alkaline rechargeable battery development. In prior work, we have developed new platelet shaped MnO2 nanoparticles with stable performance...
Predictors of Inadequate Response to Budesonide Multimatrix in Real-World Patients with Ulcerative Colitis.

Background Budesonide multimatrix (MMX) system has been approved for the induction of remission in patients with active, mild to moderate ulcerative colitis (UC), and offers potential safety benefits over more commonly utilized corticosteroid therapies. Objectives In a real-world setting we aimed to evaluate the proportion of UC patients treated with budesonide MMX who had an inadequate clinical response, defined as requiring transition to prednisone, and to identify any predictors of inadequate response. Methods We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study evaluating adult patients with UC, ≥18 years of age, who were treated with budesonide MMX. We used bivariate and multivariable analyses to identify predictors of inadequate response to budesonide MMX. Results Ninety-six patients were treated with budesonide MMX. Before initiation of budesonide MMX 55, 35, and 8% were on aminosalicylate, immunomodulator, and/or biologic therapy or no therapy for UC respectively. While 54% (52/96) of patients responded to budesonide MMX, 46% (44/96) required a transition to prednisone. Patients who required transition to prednisone were more likely to be male (39 vs. 19%, p = 0.035) and younger at the time of diagnosis (median age 23.5 vs. 29.0 years, p = 0.034). Age ≤29 years at diagnosis (adjusted OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.21-7.95) and male sex (adjusted OR 2.96, 95% CI 1.12-7.77) but not concomitant therapy with biologics and/or immunomodulators or disease extent were associated with increased odds of requiring transition to prednisone. Conclusions Budesonide MMX is effective in more than half of patients with mild-to-moderate UC. Predictors of budesonide non-response and need to transition to prednisone include male sex and younger age at diagnosis.
Object Recognition in P14 mice

Object Recognition is a task which involves multiple brain areas for successful completion. This assay is non-invasive, is an enriched learning task, and relies upon on encoded memory for successful completion. In this study, we have demonstrated that neonatal mice can perform the task
Egg cannibalism by passion vine specialist Disonycha Chevrolat beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini)

Cannibalistic behavior is now recognized to be an important component of nutritional ecology in both carnivorous and herbivorous species, including many beetle families (Englert and Thomas 1970; Beaver 1974; Dickinson 1992; Bartlett 1987; Alabi et al. 2008). This habit was historically viewed by as an incidental outcome of unnaturally crowded laboratory situations with little or no ecological importance (Fox 1975), but it is increasingly acknowledged that cannibalism represents a potentially advantageous behavior (Richardson et al. 2010). Here we report on multiple cases of egg cannibalism, or conspecific oophagy, by adults of two species of passion vine (Passiflora Linnaeus: Passifloraceae) specialist flea beetles in the genus Disonycha Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini). This is the first report of egg cannibalism from the Galerucinae, and to our knowledge, only the fourth report of egg cannibalism by adults in the Chrysomelidae; the other three reports are on adult Chrysomelinae species eating conspecific eggs. We conclude this note with several questions that this observation raises, followed by observations and hypotheses that may contribute to explaining the reasons that this behavior happens.
Negotiating teacher positionality: Preservice teachers confront assumptions through collaborative book clubs in a social studies methods course

Abstract This case study explores the use of collaborative book clubs and word sorts to influence teacher positionality in an undergraduate social studies methods course for pre-service teachers. Drawing upon existing literature that suggests the effectiveness of dialogue as a means of navigating prior beliefs and the benefits of collaborative spaces for teachers to engage in collegial discussions, the study utilized books surrounding socio-political themes and educational inequalities to prompt conversation among participants. Results of the study suggest that dialogic and collaborative activities like word sorts and book clubs provide productive opportunities for pre-service teachers to (re)negotiate their positionalities and grapple with their existing assumptions as they learn and co-construct meaning from and with one another. At the same time, the pre-service teachers’ perceptions of privilege and identity seem to remain somewhat unexamined and the teachers remain hesitant about the practical reality of working to dismantle inequalities in their own classrooms.
Dynamic Modeling and Flight Test Validation of an In-House Design UAS Built for Polar Research

An in-house unmanned aerial system (UAS) is designed, analyzed and manufactured to support high-sensitivity and low-frequency ice penetrating radars to be used for research in the polar region. A 55 MHz antenna will be secured onto the wings. The UAS, called Astrid, is designed based on previous research experience that provided information on the significant effects of the polar atmospheric conditions (e.g. wind shear, gusts, etc.) on UAS performance. In addition to the adverse weather conditions, post flight test analysis showed that pusher engines on UASs cause significant changes to the aerodynamic forces and moments generated by the horizontal tail. This is primarily due to the turbulent nature of the propwash slipstreams flowing over the empennage and variation of their turbulency with changes in engine RPM. Based on this information, a wing configuration with a stabilizing polyhedral is selected. Astrid UAS also features a pusher engine with a twin boom, high-horizontal tail offset from the zero-lift plane. A dynamic model for Astrid UAS is developed using Advanced Aircraft Analysis (AAA), a program used to estimate aircraft stability and control derivatives. These derivatives are used to create a linear time-invariant system used for modal analysis. The dynamic model of the aircraft was used to investigate its handling qualities. Astrid's maiden flight test was successfully conducted in October 2019 and the longitudinal dynamic model is validated in subsequent flight tests.
Genetic Basis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Its Possible Treatments Based on Big Data

This article is about the genetic basis which causes Alzheimer’s disease, and big data which is related to Alzheimer’s disease, focusing on which gene and how it can cause Alzheimer’s disease and the ways to use big data to try to Figure out the treatments for Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, the article adopts the general idea about how to use big data to help researchers Figure out a better way about the treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. The present study shows that the more APOE $\varepsilon$ 4 exists, the more possibility of getting Alzheimer’s disease. The main contribution of the paper is focusing on the genetic basis of Alzheimer’s disease as well as giving a general idea of how to use big data to help find the treatment for Alzheimer’s disease.
Integrating vehicle routing and motion planning

There has been much interest recently in problems that combine high-level task planning with low-level motion planning. In this paper, we present a problem of this kind that arises in multi-vehicle mission planning. It tightly integrates task allocation and scheduling, who will do what when, with path planning, how each task will actually be performed. It extends classical vehicle routing in that the cost of executing a set of high-level tasks can vary significantly in time and cost according to the low-level paths selected. It extends classical motion planning in that each path must minimize cost while also respecting temporal constraints, including those imposed by the agent's other tasks and the tasks assigned to other agents. Furthermore, the problem is a subtask within an interactive system and therefore must operate within severe time constraints. We present an approach to the problem based on a combination of tabu search, linear programming, and heuristic search. We evaluate our planner on representative problem instances and find that its performance meets the demanding requirements of our application. These results demonstrate how integrating multiple diverse techniques can successfully solve challenging real-world planning problems that are beyond the reach of any single method.
Venus: der verhüllte Planet

Der Planet Venus erhielt seinen Namen nach der romischen Gottin der Schonheit und der sinnlichen Liebe; ihr griechisches Vorbild war Aphrodite. Die Babylonier nannten den Planeten Ischtar, die Himmelsgebieterin, und fur die Chinesen war der Planet „Der schone Weise“. Venus war also seit jeher Symbol der Liebe und Schonheit (Bild 4.1). Eines der griechischen Hauptheiligtumer der Aphrodite stand auf der Insel Kythera, was dem Planeten oft das Adjektiv kytherisch einbrachte. Wir wollen diese Bezeichnung anstelle des romischen venusisch verwenden.
Kinetic and chemical properties of ATP sulphurylase from Penicillin chrysogenum.

Adenosine triphosphate sulphurylase (ATP: sulfate adenylyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.4.) has been purified from the filamentous fungus. Penicillium chrysogenum, and characterized physically, kinetically, and chemically. The P. Chrysogenum enzyme is an octomer (mol. wt. 440 000) composed of eight identical subunits (mol. wt. 55 000). Some physical constants are S20,w = 13.0 X 10(-13)s, D20,w = 2.94 X 10(-7) cm2 X s-1, v = 0.733 cm3 X g-1, A1%1cm = 8.71 at 278 nm. The enzyme catalyses (a) the synthesis of adenosine 5'-phosphosulphate (APS) and MgPPi from MgATP and SO2-4, (b) the hydrolysis of MgATP to AMP and MgPPi in the absence of SO2-4, (c) Mg32PPi-MgATP exchange in the absence of SO2-4, (d) molybdolysis of MgATP to AMP and MgPPi, (e) synthesis of MgATP and SO2-4 from APS and MgPPi, and (f) Mg32PPi-MgATP exchange in the presence of SO2-4. The Vmax values of reactions (a)-(c) are about 0.10-0.35 mumole X min-1 X mg enzyme-1. The Vmax values of reactions (d)-(f) are about 12-19 mumole X min-1 X mg enzyme-1. The catalytic activity of the enzyme in the direction of APS synthesis is rather low (0.13 unit X mg protein-1, corresponding to an active site turnover number of 7.15 min-1). However, the ATP sulphurylase content of mycelium growing on excess SO2-4 is 0.22 unit X g dry wt.-1, which is sufficient to account for the maximum in vivo rate of SO2-4 assimilation. The normal catalytic reaction is Ordered Bi Bi with A = MgATP, B = SO2-4, P = MgPPi, and Q = APS. Several lines of kinetic evidence suggest that the E.MgATP and E.APS complexes isomerize (to E approximately AMP.MgPPi and E approximately AMP.SO4, respectively) before the second substrate binds. Chemical modification studies have disclosed the presence of essential arginine, histidine, carboxyl, and tryosine residues. The latter is rather acidic (pKa = 7 or less). Nitration of the tyrosine increases the Km for MgATP without significantly affecting Kia for MgATP or Vmaxf. This result, and the fact that MgATP plus nitrate protects the enzyme against inactivation by tetranitromethane while MgATP alone does not, suggests that the essential tyrosine plays a role in nucleotide isomerization (perhaps as an adenylyl acceptor).
Social Networks in Byzantine Egypt

Introduction 1. The centralized elite of Oxyrhynchos 2. The growth of the Apions 3. Aphrodito and the strong ties of village society 4. Quantifying Aphrodito's social network Conclusion.
Effects of body-powered prosthesis prehensor stiffness on performance in an object stiffness discrimination task

In this paper, we present results from two human subject experiments focusing on effect of prehensor stiffness on object stiffness discrimination task performance in a body-powered prosthesis. Humans have the ability to alter the directional endpoint stiffness of their arms through co-contraction of agonist/antagonist muscle pairs. In the area of prosthesis design, while the need for position and force control has long been recognized, the concept of end effector stiffness modulation has been mostly ignored. In this study we attempt to broaden the existing knowledge base by (1) using an experimental setup which mimics the control inputs of a shoulder-driven body-powered prosthesis operated in voluntary closing (VC) mode, and (2) exploring the impact of end effector stiffness modulation on the quality of haptic feedback the user receives about the environment. Results of the first experiment indicated that tuning of prehensor stiffness in a body-powered prosthesis can increase the performance of the user in correctly and more easily identifying objects with varying stiffness.
English around the World: Sociolinguistic Perspectives

English around the World: Sociolinguistic Perspectives. Jenny Cheshire. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. 384 pp. $89.50 (cloth), $29.95 (paper)
Simian varicella virus is present in skin tissue of rhesus macaques after experimental reactivation

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella (chickenpox), establishes latency in ganglia and reactivates decades later to produce zoster in the elderly. Clinical, pathological, immunological and virological features of simian varicella virus (SVV) infection of primates parallel human VZV infection. Primary SVV infection of primates, cause varicella, after which virus becomes latent in ganglionic neurons and reactivates upon social and environmental stress. Five rhesus macaques were infected intrabronchially with 4.0x10 5 pfu of SVV. Two weeks later, the monkeys developed varicella rash. Twenty months later four of the monkeys were treated once with a 50 mg/kg of anti-CD4 antibody. All 5 monkeys developed zoster rash, 7–55 days after the treatment. Punch biopsies of the skin rash were analyzed for the presence of SVV antigens by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. SVV ORF 63 protein and glycoproteins gH and L were detected in sweat glands in skin from all 5 monkeys. Presence of SVV in the β-3-tubilin-positive nerve endings in affected skin suggested possible route of skin infection during zoster.
High dosage rifaximin for the treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.

ummary Background Rifaximin is a broad spectrum non-absorbable antibiotic used for treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Doses of 1200 mg/day showed a decontamination rate of 60% with low side-effects incidence. Aims To assess efficacy, safety and tolerability of rifaximin 1600 mg with respect to 1200 mg/day for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth treatment. Methods Eighty consecutive small intestinal bacterial overgrowth patients were enrolled. Diagnosis of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth based the clinical history and positivity to H2/CH4 glucose breath test. Patients were randomized in two 7-day treatment groups: rifaximin 1600 mg (group 1); rifaximin 1200 mg (group 2). Glucose breath test was reassessed 1 month after. Compliance and side-effect incidence were also evaluated. Results One drop-out was observed in group 1 and two in group 2. Glucose breath test normalization rate was significantly higher in group 1 with respect to group 2 both in intention-to-treat (80% vs. 58%; P < 0.05) and per protocol analysis (82% vs. 61%; P < 0.05). No significant differences in patient compliance and incidence of side effects were found between groups. Conclusions Rifaximin 1600 mg/day showed a significantly higher efficacy for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth treatment with respect to 1200 mg with similar compliance and side-effect profile.
Mutations in the glnG gene of Escherichia coli that result in increased activity of nitrogen regulator I.

Mutations in the glnG gene of Escherichia coli that result in increased activity of nitrogen regulator I (NRI), the product of glnG, were obtained by two different selection procedures. The mutant proteins were purified and characterized. The concentrations of mutant proteins needed to activate transcription at the glnAp2 promoter were three to four times lower than that of the wild-type NRI. The rate of phosphorylation of these proteins and the stability of mutant NRI phosphate were found to be similar to those of the wild-type NRI. In one of the mutants, the site of the mutation was localized in the DNA region specifying the central domain of NRI. Images
Mitogenesis in fetal rat bone cells simultaneously exposed to type beta transforming growth factor and other growth regulators.

Type beta transforming growth factor (TGF-beta) is found in large amounts in bone tissue, and is a potent mitogen for osteoblast-enriched cell cultures obtained from fetal rat parietal bone. Because other local and systemic factors may be presented to bone cells simultaneously with TGF-beta, it is important to understand the effects of this complex growth regulator in such circumstances. Unlike the effects observed in many tissue systems, TGF-beta does not invariably inhibit the mitogenic response of bone cells to other growth promoters. In contrast, other factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and type alpha tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) limit the response of osteoblastic bone cells to TGF-beta. TGF-beta is a much weaker mitogen for fibroblastic cells obtained from fetal rat bone, whereas fetal bovine serum, EGF, bFGF, and TNF-alpha are more potent stimulators. In addition, TGF-beta does not significantly impair the response of the fibroblastic bone cell...