cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of pediatric orbital cellulitis: A systematic review.

Abstract Objectives Orbital complications account for 74–85% of all complications from acute sinusitis, more often affect the pediatric population, and can result in devastating consequences. Therefore these patients require prompt diagnosis and proper management. We review and summarize the current literature to determine the appropriate management of each stage of pediatric orbital cellulitis and offer a new comprehensive literature-based algorithm. Methods Data sources were PubMed/MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. Studies relevant to the management of each subcategory of the Chandler criteria in the pediatric population, limited to the period 1997 through Jan 2018, were compiled and interpreted. Seventy-one studies were reviewed in total. Results Pre-septal and post-septal cellulitis can generally be managed non-surgically, while orbital abscess and cavernous sinus thrombosis are managed surgically. For subperiosteal abscess, non-surgical medical management has been successful in certain patients. Results of the literature review were summarized, and subsequently developed into a comprehensive algorithm for management, including criteria for age, location, and volume of abscess on imaging. Conclusions Orbital cellulitis, particularly subperiosteal abscesses, in children is not an absolute indication for immediate surgical intervention. Conservative measures can be safe and effective if appropriately used, depending on patient characteristics, clinical course, and imaging.
Estrogen Receptor in the Mammalian Liver: Developmental and Metabolic Aspects

ABSTRACT Estrogen receptors appear to be present in the mammalian liver. The cytosol fraction of the liver of several mammals has been shown to contain binding proteins with high affinity and specificity for estrogens. The concentration of the high-affinity estradiol-binding protein is several fold lower in the prepubescent rat than in the adult animal. The developmental increase in estrogen binding in rat liver correlates with the ability of estrogen administration to substantially elevate plasma renin substrate in the adult but not in the prepubescent, rat. Adult male rat liver cytosol has a second estradiol binding component which is not found in the liver cytosol of the prepubescent male or adult female. This component, which has a moderate affinity to estrogen and high capacity for binding estradiol, has other unusual properties and its function is unknown. It can be induced in the adult female rat by androgen administration. Following subcutaneous injection of high doses of ethinyl estradiol into adult female rats, the receptor is depleted from the liver cytosol and can be extracted as a complex of receptor and estrogen from the nucleus. High doses of ethinyl estradiol are required to maximally increase plasma renin substrate; a lower dose, sufficient to promote maximal translocation of the receptor in the uterus, translocates to the nucleus only a small fraction of the liver estrogen receptor.
Wear behavior of carbide coated Co–Cr–Mo implant alloy

The wear behavior of a new type of metal carbide surface coating on Co–Cr–Mo implant alloy was studied. The coating was created using a microwave plasma-assisted reaction. Codeposition of impurity diamond film, diamond particles, and soot was prevented by controlling process conditions. Wear tests were carried out using a sapphire ball-on-Co–Cr–Mo disc unidirectional sliding configuration with harsh conditions of high contact stress and slow sliding speed in both no-lubrication, and deionized water lubrication environments. In the case of uncoated Co–Cr–Mo discs, the effect of deionized water lubrication was remarkable and reduced the wear factor by one order of magnitude compared to the no-lubrication tests. The wear factor of carbide coated Co–Cr–Mo discs was slightly smaller than that of uncoated Co–Cr–Mo discs with deionized water lubrication (2.7×10−6 mm3N−1m−1 vs. 4.2×10−6mm3N−;1m−1). The addition of deionized water lubrication did not greatly affect the wear factor of carbide coated Co–Cr–Mo discs. The influence of surface geometry resulting from the “brain coral-like” surface morphology of carbide layers on wear behavior was analyzed considering stress concentrations and effective contact area.
Diversity of litter-dwelling beetles in the Ouachita Highlands of Arkansas, USA (Insecta: Coleoptera)

A survey of forest litter-inhabiting Coleoptera was conducted in deciduous forests of the Ouachita Mountains in western Arkansas during 1991–1992. A total of 102 Berlese samples were collected, weighed, and processed during the 12-month study. From 741kg of sifted forest litter, we counted and sorted 10663 adult beetles representing 46 families and 400 species. The family Staphylinidae was taxonomically and numerically dominant, comprising 46% of species and 63% of individuals. Problems in assessing species richness of forest litter Coleoptera faunas result from a lack of taxonomic revisions, occurrence of sex-limited diagnostic characters, and inadequate information about larval-adult species associations and life histories. A randomized species accumulation curve indicated that species addition ranged from 14 species per sample during the first ten samples to 1.5 species per sample during the final ten. Richness estimates generated from the empirical data ranged from 434 species (Michaelis–Menten and Coleman richness estimators) to 590 species (second order jacknife). The area sampled is biogeographically significant because it harbors numerous habitat- restricted species that are endemic to the Ouachita Mountains or the Interior Highland region, as well as disjunct populations of species that are also found in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Deciduous forest habitats of the Ouachita Mountains, particularly beech-maple riparian forest, should be given special consideration in forest conservation planning because of their significance as refugia for these and other endemic and disjunct arthropods.
Peer Support Through a Diabetes Social Media Community.

Background:Caregivers and individuals living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who are members of CGM in the Cloud, a Facebook group associated with the Nightscout Project, were interviewed to assess how ...
Metabolic engineering of Clostridium beijerinckii to improve glycerol metabolism and furfural tolerance.

Inefficient utilization of glycerol by Clostridium beijerinckii (Cb) is a major impediment to adopting glycerol metabolism as a strategy for increasing NAD(P)H regeneration, which would in turn, alleviate the toxicity of lignocellulose-derived microbial inhibitory compounds (LDMICs, e.g., furfural), and improve the fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates (LBH) to butanol. To address this problem, we employed a metabolic engineering strategy to enhance glycerol utilization by Cb. By overexpressing two glycerol dehydrogenase (Gldh) genes (dhaD1 and gldA1) from the glycerol hyper-utilizing Clostridium pasteurianum (Cp) as a fused protein in Cb, we achieved approximately 43% increase in glycerol consumption, when compared to the plasmid control. Further, Cb_dhaD1 + gldA1 achieved a 59% increase in growth, while butanol and acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) concentrations and productivities increased 14.0%, 17.3%, and 55.6%, respectively, relative to the control. Co-expression of dhaD1 + gldA1 and gldA1 + dihydroxyacetone kinase (dhaK) resulted in significant payoffs in cell growth and ABE production compared to expression of one Gldh. In the presence of 4–6 g/L furfural, increased glycerol consumption by the dhaD1 + gldA1 strain increased cell growth (> 50%), the rate of furfural detoxification (up to 68%), and ABE production (up to 40%), relative to the plasmid control. Likewise, over-expression of [(dhaD1 + gldA1) dhaK] improved butanol and ABE production by 70% and 50%, respectively, in the presence of 5 and 6 g/L furfural relative to the plasmid control. Overexpression of Cp gldhs and dhaK in Cb significantly enhanced glycerol utilization, ABE production, and furfural tolerance by Cb. Future research will address the inability of recombinant Cb to metabolize glycerol as a sole substrate.
Association of nonfasting vs fasting lipid levels with risk of major coronary events in the Anglo-Scandinavian cardiac outcomes trial-lipid lowering arm

Importance Recent guidelines have recommended nonfasting for routine testing of lipid levels based on comparisons of nonfasting and fasting populations. However, no previous study has examined the association of cardiovascular outcomes with fasting vs nonfasting lipid levels measured in the same individuals. Objective To compare the association of nonfasting and fasting lipid levels with prospectively ascertained coronary and vascular outcomes and to evaluate whether a strategy of using nonfasting instead of fasting lipid level measurement would result in misclassification of risk for individuals undergoing evaluation for initiation of statin therapy. Design, Setting, and Participants This post hoc prospective follow-up of a randomized clinical trial included 8270 of 10 305 participants from the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial–Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA) with nonfasting and fasting lipid levels measured 4 weeks apart (including 6855 participants with no prior vascular disease) (median follow-up, 3.3 years; interquartile range, 2.8-3.6 years). Data were collected from February 1, 1998, to December 31, 2002, and analyzed from February 1, 2016, to November 30, 2018. Multivariable Cox models, adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors, were calculated for 40-mg/dL (1-mmol/L) higher values of nonfasting and fasting lipids. Main Outcomes and Measures The trial’s primary end point consisted of major coronary events (nonfatal myocardial infarction [MI] and fatal coronary heart disease [212 events]). Secondary analyses examined atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events (including MI, stroke, and ASCVD death [351 events]). Results Among the 8270 participants (82.1% male; mean [SD] age, 63.4 [8.5] years), nonfasting samples had modestly higher triglyceride levels and similar cholesterol levels compared to fasting samples. Associations of nonfasting lipid levels with coronary events were similar to those for fasting lipid levels. For example, adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) per 40-mg/dL of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were 1.32 (95% CI, 1.08-1.61;P = .007) for nonfasting levels and 1.28 (95% CI, 1.07-1.55;P = .008) for fasting levels. For the primary prevention group, adjusted HRs were 1.42 (95% CI, 1.13-1.78;P = .003) for nonfasting levels and 1.37 (95% CI, 1.11-1.69;P = .003) for fasting levels. Results were consistent by randomized treatment arm (atorvastatin calcium, 10 mg/d, or placebo) and similar for ASCVD events. Concordance of fasting and nonfasting lipid levels for classifying participants into appropriate ASCVD risk categories was high (94.8%). Conclusions and Relevance Measurement of nonfasting and fasting lipid levels yields similar results in the same individuals for association with incident coronary and ASCVD events. These results suggest that routine measurement of nonfasting lipid levels may help facilitate ASCVD risk screening and treatment, including consideration of when to initiate statin therapy.
Frontal Sinus Surgery: Selection of Technique

The selection of the surgical approach to the frontal sinus should be personalized. The selected technique should be tailored to address the disease effectively while minimizing the risks of complications and postoperative sequelae. Factors that determine the choice of approach include the location, extent, and pathology of the disease, the variants of frontal sinus anatomy, the surgeon’s level of expertise, and the availability of frontal-specific instrumentation. These determinants have been discussed in previous chapters. In the modern era, endoscopic techniques have supplanted most external techniques. However, external techniques remain relevant and at times invaluable for specific pathologies. Additionally, the supplementary use of certain external techniques such as the frontal trephination may facilitate effective, safe, and efficient endoscopic surgery. In the contemporary era, a function-restoring philosophy (“functional external sinus surgery”) can be applied to many patients that historically might have been obliterated. Obliteration and cranialization of the frontal sinus remain useful techniques but are usually necessary only for rare indications.
Endobronchial Biopsy (in Children with Severe Uncontrolled Asthma)

This chapter describes endobronchial biopsy, which is a safe and relatively simple method of assessing lower airway inflammation and airway remodeling in patients with severe uncontrolled asthma (SUA). It provides a manual for biopsy techniques and instructional videos.
Integrating Pets into the Family Life Cycle

Many people consider their pets to be family members yet little work to date has incorporated companion animals into the family life cycle. The family life cycle refers to the stages that individuals in a family household experience over time. Stages of the family life cycle typically include leaving home, cohabitation or marriage, childrearing, the empty nest, and widowhood. As family stages and roles change, the roles of individuals and pets change as well. Couples may be brought together by pets or may get pets as they construct a family. Unmarried and older individuals may increasingly live by themselves but have a pet. While negotiating the roles of pets in families and households can be challenging, research indicates that having pets offers benefits including companionship and stress reduction. The stages of the family life cycle and the roles of pets across those stages are described in this chapter.
Selection of the Study Participants.

Editor's note: This is the second article in a new series on clinical research by nurses. The series is designed to give nurses the knowledge and skills they need to participate in research, step by step. Each column will present the concepts that underpin evidence-based practice-from research design to data interpretation. The articles will also be accompanied by a podcast offering more insight and context from the author.
Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Trauma

Violence against women (VAW) is pervasive and includes intimate partner violence (IPV), sexual violence, and human trafficking. As all forms of VAW can adversely impact health, healthcare providers must be alert to their presence. Further, healthcare providers must actively seek to identify VAW, as screening for VAW and referral to additional services can improve the health of survivors. Guidelines exist for detection and referral to services for all forms of VAW. Most notably, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening and referral for IPV among all women of reproductive age. Best practices for IPV screening and response in healthcare is described by the mnemonic, CUES, developed by Futures Without Violence, a non-profit organization. CUES stands for (ensuring) Confidentiality, (and providing) Universal Education, Empowerment, and Support. Care for sexual assault survivors should include referral to specialized sexual forensic exam services. Guidelines for healthcare professionals providing care for survivors of human trafficking are currently emerging, and the World Health Organization (WHO) offers principles to follow in the care of trafficked individuals. All care for VAW survivors should be trauma-informed.
Zika Virus Pandemic: Vector Control

Objective: The objective is to understand the progression of the volatile pandemic of Zika virus occurring around Central America, South America, North America, Central Africa, Southeast Asia and the Caribbean and to communicate guidelines aimed at potentially infected individuals and health care providers for the support and care of individuals potentially infected with Zika virus. The negative health impacts of Zika virus affect both adults and infants therefore methods to remain safe during outbreaks should be implemented to prevent severe brain abnormalities and diminished function. Materials and Methods: A literature review was used to reevaluate data from nine well-cited articles on the impact of Zika virus, followed by an analysis of the Zika virus and its epidemiologic features, clinical management, laboratory testing, prevention and treatment to support providers in the assessment and diagnosis of individuals potentially carrying Zika virus. Results: The published literature demonstrates how Zika virus developed into a worldwide pandemic in the span of a single year following the 2015 outbreak in Brazil. Health care practitioners and organizations must work together in outbreak prevention, vaccine discovery and treatment of individuals throughout outbreaks of Zika virus. The biological difficulties in diagnosing and treating Zika virus necessitate the implementation of suitable risk communication procedures. Zika virus pandemic response plans for populations were not sufficient, and national policies must characterize access to services and treatment. Conclusion: Health impairments and impacts associated with the Zika virus infection, including brain abnormalities, neural tube defects and eye disease are not entirely understood and may be better understood through sustained research, as Zika virus remains a long-term issue. The magnitude of risk of the Zika virus on public health is unknown, and pregnancy outcomes and evaluation of vaccines and therapeutics support the importance of screening and prevention measures.
Antibody Transfer via Breastmilk After SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Antibody transfer via breastmilk represents an evolutionary strategy to boost immunity in early life. Although SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies have been observed in the breastmilk of mothers with COVID-19, the functional quality of these antibodies remains unclear. Here, we applied systems serology to characterize SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in maternal serum and breastmilk to define the mechanism of antibody transfer into breastmilk. Distinct SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses were observed in the serum and breastmilk of lactating individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, with a dominant transfer of both IgA and IgM into breastmilk. A spike-specific functional IgG were present in breastmilk, breastmilk IgGs were functionally attenuated. Breastmilk antibodies were less inflammatory than maternal serum antibodies, pointing to a sieve offunctional antibodies to breastmilk. These data highlight the preferential breastmilk transfer of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgM to neonates, accompanied by selected subpopulations of IgG, positioned to create a non-pathologic, but highly protective barrier against COVID-19 disease. Funding Statement: This work was supported by by NHLBI (grants K08HL1469630-02 and K08HL146963-02S1, to KJG), the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. (#1745302, to KMP), the NIH (U19 AI142790, U19 AI135995, R37AI080289), the Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness (MassCPR). Declaration of Interests: G.A. is the founder of Seromyx. K.J.G. has consulted for BillionToOne, Illumina, and Aetion. INCOMPLETE Ethics Approval Statement: This study was approved by the MGH-BWH Institutional Review Board and the BIDMC Institutional Review Board.
Economic Variables Affecting the Gold Price : The Partial Effects of Linear Models

Golds are typical products whose price is determined by the aggregate demand and constant supply in the market. Simultaneously, golds are a method of investment and a device for risk-aversion. Thus, indicators reflecting motivations for investing in or holding on golds will impact gold prices theoretically. This paper focuses on economic variables and their partial effects on gold prices, using multivariate regression, step-wise regression, and linearity diagnostic plots to determine the ideal predictive variables impacting gold prices. The 10-year treasury inflation-indexed security, the U.S. deficit, and international political events such as North Korea’s nuclear tests or the Libya War have both statistically and economically significance in forecasting gold prices monthly, capturing 92.14% of the variations in gold prices. This paper concludes concretely that economic variables are predictive to the gold price and gold prices are indicative to macroeconomics.
Flipped chemistry in multisite IVC courses: A possible model for the future of virtual chemistry education

Abstract Recent global events have quickly made virtual course delivery a sweeping reality for many educators, with apps such as Zoom, Cisco Webex, and Adobe Connect becoming indispensable tools for the foreseeable future. In facing this change, instructors who are accustomed to a traditional lecture (TL) format might resist flipping their newly virtualized classes, just to avoid further complications. For any considering this, although, our chapter here summarizes lessons learned and data obtained through extensive analysis of 6 years of flipping university chemistry in live multisite interactive videoconference (IVC) settings. To explain, Utah State University (USU) has 32 campus learning centers across Utah, and our IVC distance courses enable rural place-bound students to earn previously inaccessible degrees. I have been flipping university chemistry courses in such settings since 2013. Although doing so is not utterly identical to flipping a virtual videoconference class, it does offer parallels that could serve as a model for comparison. To help educators avoid pitfalls in attempting to flip IVC or virtual videoconference classes, I here disclose the results of extensive data analysis drawn from my years of experience.
Grand Juries on the Grand River: A History of Citizen Grand Jury Investigations in Lansing

Grand juries once played a major role in Michigan political life, and they were protected in Michigan's first constitution of 1835. But when the state revised its constitution in 1850, it removed grand juries from general use, reserving them for special occasions. Over the rest of the nineteenth century, grand juries were convened only three times in Ingham County, the seat of state government. Each time the grand jury was tasked to investigate an explosive case. This Article tells those stories. After recapping the early history and constitutional downfall of grand juries in Michigan, the Article proceeds in four parts. Part I looks at the lynching of John Taylor, a black Civil War veteran who was hanged by the mob after spurious evidence came out that he assaulted a white family--the only lynching to occur in central Michigan--and subsequent judicial process. Part II chronicles a grand jury investigation into an effort by state officials to rig an election to raise their own salaries. Part III explores the inquest that was called to investigate twin scandals involving Westlaw's parent company and the Michigan National Guard. Part IV concludes by looking at how grand juries dwindled in Michigan in the twentieth century, to the point of virtual extinction, ending with a call for greater citizen participation in political corruption cases.
Identifying common and novel cell types in single-cell RNA-sequencing data using FR-Match

Reference cell type atlases powered by single cell transcriptomic profiling technologies have become available to study cellular diversity at a granular level. We present FR-Match for matching query datasets to reference atlases with robust and accurate performance for identifying novel cell types and non-optimally clustered cell types in the query data. This approach shows excellent performance for cross-platform, cross-sample type, cross-tissue region, and cross-data modality cell type matching.
Regulation of Gene Editing Activity Directed by Single-Stranded Oligonucleotides and CRISPR/Cas9 Systems

Single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides (ssODNs) can direct the repair of a single base mutation in human genes. While the regulation of this gene editing reaction has been partially elucidated, the low frequency with which repair occurs has hampered development toward clinical application. In this work a CRISPR/Cas9 complex is employed to induce double strand DNA breakage at specific sites surrounding the nucleotide designated for exchange. The result is a significant elevation in ssODN-directed gene repair, validated by a phenotypic readout. By analysing reaction parameters, we have uncovered restrictions on gene editing activity involving CRISPR/Cas9 complexes. First, ssODNs that hybridize to the non-transcribed strand direct a higher level of gene repair than those that hybridize to the transcribed strand. Second, cleavage must be proximal to the targeted mutant base to enable higher levels of gene editing. Third, DNA cleavage enables a higher level of gene editing activity as compared to single-stranded DNA nicks, created by modified Cas9 (Nickases). Fourth, we calculated the hybridization potential and free energy levels of ssODNs that are complementary to the guide RNA sequences of CRISPRs used in this study. We find a correlation between free energy potential and the capacity of single-stranded oligonucleotides to inhibit specific DNA cleavage activity, thereby indirectly reducing gene editing activity. Our data provide novel information that might be taken into consideration in the design and usage of CRISPR/Cas9 systems with ssODNs for gene editing.
Incidentally Discovered Foley Catheter Placement Into a Transplanted Kidney.

Although unusual, placement of a Foley catheter into the renal pelvis or ureter has been reported. Proposed predisposing factors for errant placement include pre-existing hydronephrosis or congenital ureteral orifice enlargement. We report a case where aberrant placement of a Foley catheter into the renal pelvis of a transplanted kidney was detected by ultrasound in a patient being evaluated for acute kidney injury. The Foley had been in place for 2 weeks. This is the only reported case we are aware of involving accidental catheterization of a transplant’s renal pelvis.
1.3.1 Information Flow, Team Coordination, and Shared Knowledge in Integrated Concurrent Engineering

Large-scale systems engineering efforts involve complex interactions that must be managed throughout the entire life cycle. Prior research has analyzed the relationship between expected and actual communication in engineering design teams. This study builds on that previous research by incorporating the cognitive aspects of design into the analysis. Based on 10 design sessions of an Integrated Concurrent Engineering (ICE) environment, Design Structure Matrix (DSM) representations of expected and reported interactions are constructed and used to calculate a metric of team coordination called socio-technical congruence (STC). By computing the correlation between STC and a previously developed metric of shared cognition in teams, a relationship is found between team coordination and change in shared knowledge. Based on these results, it is concluded that design team members learn the most when expected and reported interactions are aligned – that is, when the team follows a well-defined process based on information flow in the technical design.
Misuse, play, and disuse: Technical and professional communication's role in understanding and supporting website owners' engagement with Google Analytics

Site owners using Google Analytics have the capacity to keep track of views over time, follow site visitors' movements in real time, pinpoint where site visitors leave, view demographics and maps, and understand the search terms that initially brought visitors to the website. However, web site owners often lack the framework or training for interpreting analytics data. Our pilot study of six blog, ecommerce, and lead generation site owners' use of Google Analytics through interviews and observations reveals that site owners struggle to find clear, practical applications for analytics data. Most data goes unused by site owners, and site owners tend to misuse analytics information and play with data rather than applying it to site contexts. Site owners are eager to benefit from training or guidance from experts. The field of technical and professional communication is poised to assist and train website owners in tapping the potential of analytics data.
Brain tissue elasticity and CSF elastance.

A common parameter reported in studies of intracranial volumetric buffering capacity is the CSF or brain elastance, designated as Ecsf. Ecsf is determined as dP/dV, the slope of the pressure-volume response. Since the pressure-volume response is nonlinear, Ecsf is pressure-dependent. CSF elastance is considered a measure of the volume storage capacity determined by the elastic properties of the system and as such is affected by the compressibility of the vascular volume as well as the subpial brain tissue. A question arises as to the correlation between CSF elastance and the actual elastic properties of the subpial brain tissue.
Characterization and Biological Activity of the Monocytosis-producing Agent of Listeria monocytogenes

Experiments directed toward determining the lipids in extracts of Listeria monocytogenes containing monocytosis-producing agent (MPA) and the effect of these extracts on several biochemical parameters previously shown to change during experimental Listeria infection were conducted. MPA-containing extracts were found to be a complex of lipids with glycerides, glycolipids, and phospholipid being present. No common cell wall carbohydrates were found. A glyceride, designated glyceride A, was determined to cause the characteristic mononuclear response observed in mice injected with MPA-containing extracts. Fasted MPA-treated animals showed less gluconeogenesis than did controls. Blood glucose levels declined in MPA-treated animals. Increases observed in both blood urea nitrogen and plasma glutamic-pyruvic transaminase were greater in the control groups. Incorporation of (14)C-alanine into liver glycogen was depressed in MPA-treated animals. Liver steroid levels in the control groups increased during fasting and remained elevated for the duration of the experiments, while levels in the MPA-treated groups declined initially and showed no increase until 72 hr after injection. MPA appears to affect steroid metabolism and consequently the animals' homeostatic mechanisms seem to be impaired. Possibly as a consequence, carbohydrate metabolism is altered. The apparent effect of MPA on steroid metabolism and on the gluconeogenic process may indicate participation in the carbohydrate derangement observed in experimental Listeria infection.
A class of correlated traffic models for measuring multiprocessor performance

A new class of traffic models is proposed to evaluate performance in shared memory multiprocessors. In contrast to previous traffic models, the proposed models do not assume the mutual independence of requests generated by processors in a given memory cycle. Expressions are derived to compute bandwidth in bus networks. Also, some numerical results are provided for bus networks. These results are useful when designing multiple bus multiprocessors. >
Evaluation of Pharmacy-Based HIV Testing in a High-Risk New York City Community

Abstract Blacks/Hispanics face limited access to HIV testing. We examined in-pharmacy HIV testing among customers in pharmacies participating in a nonprescription syringe program in New York City. Participants were recruited in two pharmacies to complete a survey and receive an optional HIV test. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed to examine associations of demographics and risk behaviors with receiving in-pharmacy HIV testing. Most participants were male (55%), black (80%), had used hard drugs (88%), and 39.5% received in-pharmacy HIV testing. Being female (AOR=2.24; 95%CI 1.24–4.05), having multiple sex partners (AOR=1.20; 95% CI 1.06–1.35), having an HIV test more than 12 months ago (AOS=4.06; CI 1.85–8.91), injecting drugs in last 3 months (AOR=2.73; 95% CI 1.31–5.69) and having continuous care (AOR=0.32; 95% CI 0.17–0.58) were associated with receiving in-pharmacy HIV test. These data provide evidence of in-pharmacy HIV testing reaching persons at risk of HIV. HIV testing in pharmaci...
Studies on dietary gizzard ulcers in chicks.

Summary. The highly unsaturated fraction of the fatty acids from hog liver fat (iodine value about 200) counteracts the development of gizzard ulcers in chicks reared on ulcer-producing artificial diets. The moderately unsaturated fraction (i. v. 90) and the largely saturated fraction (i. v. 2.5) have little or no effect respectively. The active fraction can be converted into methyl esters without losing its potency and is relatively stable to heat. Cod liver oil or oleic acid does not possess anti-ulcer effect; lard and commercial soy-bean oil are much less effective than hog liver fat. Vitamin E in the form of d, l-alpha-tocopherol acetate delays to some extent the development of gizzard ulcers produced by an artificial diet without cinchophen. The salt content of the diet also has some influence on the tendency to the development of ulcers. Cholic acid is without effect when added to ulcer-producing diets without cinchophen but enhances the ulcer-producing effect of cinchorhen-containing artificial diets. Cartilage, pasteurized cream and dried alfalfa give some protection against gizzard ulcers. Dried calf brain offers a degree of protection somewhat comparable to that of hog liver. Cerophyl, canned sterilized cream and ventriculin are largely inactive. Evidence of increased acidity of the fasting stomach juice of chicks receiving ulcer-producing diets is not present. Feeding of heated cod liver oil enhances the tendency to gizzard ulcers in ducklings. Rats fed the same diets used for the production of ulcers fail to develop ulcers within 94 days.
Quantifying time value errors

Abstract Time valuation of cash flows is an essential part of personal financial planning and management. Many financial arrangements are priced according to a cash-flow valuation model. Expected cash flows associated with a stock or bond are discounted at an appropriate risk-adjusted rate in order to determine the fair value of the financial asset. Home mortgage loans are priced according to the discounted value of the future principal and interest cash flows. Yet, despite the importance of the discounted cash flow methodology in pricing assets, computational errors are often made when discount factors are not calculated precisely. This article attempts to quantify the magnitude of the error when the mathematical function for present value is ignored and interpolation is used instead to determine the discount factor.
Studies on structural relationship between two glyco-proteins isolated from alveoli of patients with alveolar proteinosis

Abstract A glycoprotein of molecular weight 62 000 has been isolated from lung lavage of patients with alveolar proteinosis and found to contain five residues of hydroxy-proline, 72 residues of glycine, three residues of methionine, 3 mol of sialic acid, 4 mol of mannose, 4.2 mol of galactose, 1 mol of fucose and 5.8 mol of N- acetylglucosamine . Cyanogen bromide (CNBr) treatment of the glycoprotein resulted in four peptides of molecular weights 18 000, 12 000, 5000 and 27 000, three of the peptides containing hydroxyproline and two of the peptides containing carbohydrates. The presence of hydroxyproline in the native glycoprotein and the -Gly-Pro-Hyp-Gly- sequence in the CNBr peptide of molecular weight 18 000 suggest that collagen-like regions may be present in the peptide chain. Limited trypsin digestion of the glycoprotein of molecular weight 62 000 resulted in two peptides of molecular weights 36 000 and 26 000, the former being a glycoprotein. The compositional and amino acid sequence analyses of these peptides indicate that the peptides of molecular weights 36 000 and 26 000 are proteolytic products of the glycoprotein of molecular weight 62 000 and that the peptide of molecular weight 26 000 is the COOH-terminal extension peptide of the native glyco-protein (molecular weight 62 000).
The Hall Effect in Permalloy

The Hall effect has been studied in three permalloys, the composition being 84, 81 and 78 percent nickel with the remaining part iron. The observed transverse electromotive forces are unsymmetrical for the two opposite directions of the magnetic field. This dissymmetry arises from an unsymmetrical change of resistance in the transverse magnetic field. Since this change of resistance is a complex function of the magnetic field, this dissymmetry is also a complex function of the magnetic field. In each of these alloys the Hall effect is at first positive as in iron but reverses its direction and becomes negative as in nickel for sufficiently large magnetic fields. For magnetic fields less than about 11,000 gauss an increase in the concentration of iron increases the Hall effect. With an increase in the concentration of iron the maximum in the curve showing the Hall electromotive force as a function of the magnetic field shifts toward greater magnetic fields. The greater the concentration of iron, the larger is the magnetic field at which a reversal in the direction of the Hall electromotive force takes place.Each of the Hall effect curves can be resolved into two component curves, one negative, the other positive. The negative component is a straight line, with a slope which is nearly the same for each alloy. This negative component may be attributed to the action of the magnetic field on the so-called free electrons. The positive component has the form of the corresponding curve for iron or nickel. The magnitude of this component increases with an increase in the concentration of the iron. The positive component may be attributed to the orientation of the elementary magnets by the transverse magnetic field.
Cell phones change the way we walk

Cell phone use among pedestrians leads to increased cognitive distraction, reduced situation awareness and increases in unsafe behavior. Performing a dual-task, such as talking or texting with a cell phone while walking, may interfere with working memory and result in walking errors. At baseline, thirty-three participants visually located a target 8m ahead; then vision was occluded and they were instructed to walk to the remembered target. One week later participants were assigned to either walk, walk while talking on a cell phone, or walk while texting on a cell phone toward the target with vision occluded. Duration and final location of the heel were noted. Linear distance traveled, lateral angular deviation from the start line, and gait velocity were derived. Changes from baseline to testing were analyzed with paired t-tests. Participants engaged in cell phone use presented with significant reductions in gait velocity (texting: 33% reduction, p=0.01; talking: 16% reduction, p=0.02). Moreover, participants who were texting while walking demonstrated a 61% increase in lateral deviation (p=0.04) and 13% increase in linear distance traveled (p=0.03). These results suggest that the dual-task of walking while using a cell phone impacts executive function and working memory and influences gait to such a degree that it may compromise safety. Importantly, comparison of the two cell phone conditions demonstrates texting creates a significantly greater interference effect on walking than talking on a cell phone. Keywords: Driver distraction; Language: en
On Training TAs: Do We Know What They Want and Need?.

: A survey of 303 teaching assistants and faculty about their attitudes toward TA training revealed definite priorities, some agreement, and certain differences in the respondents' perceptions. There was widespread agreement that such training should be very practical in nature, but there was less agreement among the respondent groups about low-priority needs. Furthermore, the concerns of native speakers differed from those of non-native speakers, and the responses of older, experienced faculty and TAs differed from those of younger respondents.
Development of concurrent systems through coordination

We are presenting an approach to developing concurrent systems through coordination. A specification language is used to describe system behaviors. The specification is then analyzed to create a coordination description that is a data structure describing the properties of the coordination among processes. Our language mapping approach allows a coordination description automatically created in any target programming language. Developers can then write a program in the target language to include the coordination description for execution. A familiar programming model will be provided to support implicit communication, concurrency, synchronization, and parallelism in systems through an implicit coordination-oriented approach. In other words, developers do not have to explicitly express communication, concurrency, synchronization, and parallelism when they are developing concurrent systems.
Maternal stress induces adult reduced REM sleep and melatonin level

We have previously reported that neonatal maternal deprivation (MD) resulted in a decrease of total sleep and an increase of orexin A in adult rats. Now, we characterized features of sleep, activity, and melatonin levels in rats neonatally treated with MD and control (MC) procedures. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with either MD or MC procedures for 10 days starting at postnatal day 4. At 3 months of age, sleep was recorded for 48 h in one set of MD and MC rats, while another set of MD and MC rats was measured for locomotor activity (under LD = 12:12). Melatonin levels in the blood, pineal gland, and hypothalamus were measured as well as clock protein level in the hypothalamus. Compared to the MC rats, REM sleep in the MD rats was significantly reduced in the light periods but not in the dark periods. Both quiet wake and total wake in the MD rats were significantly increased during the light period compared to the MC rats. The weight of the pineal gland of the MD rats was significantly smaller than in MC rats. Melatonin levels of the MD group were significantly reduced in the pineal gland and hypothalamus compared to the MC group. No significant difference was identified between groups in the expression of the clock protein in the hypothalamus. Neonatal MD resulted in reduced REM sleep and melatonin levels, without changes of circadian cycle of locomotor activity and levels of clock protein.
Resonance Raman and far-infrared studies of isotopically disordered and mixed-halide halogen-bridged platinum chain solids

Abstract The MX chain solids [Pt(en) 2 ][Pt(en) 2 X 2 ](ClO 4 ) 4 , (en = C 2 H 8 N 2 and X=Cl, Br), referred to as “PtX”, are used to explore some of the surprising spectral consequences of disorder in 1-D systems, first for pure PtCl, where the disorder arises from randomly distributed Cl isotopes, then for the more drastic case of the mixed-halide materials PtCl 1−x Br x . Lattice dynamics and Peierls-Hubbard modelling are used to analyze the observed spectral behavior. In both cases, the complex structure seen in the Raman and IR spectra is found to arise from strongly localized vibrational modes residing on chain segments, defined by sequences of Cl isotopes for PtCl, and by sequences of Cl and Br for PtCl 1−x Br x .
Palonosetron HCl Compatibility and Stability with Doxorubicin HCl and Epirubicin HCl During Simulated Y-Site Administration

BACKGROUND:Palonosetron HCl is a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Palonosetron HCl may be administered with other drugs by Y-site administration, including doxorubicin HCI and epirubicin HCI. Consequently, stability and compatability information are needed to verify the acceptability of such Y-site administration.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the physical and chemical stability of undiluted palonosetron HCl 50 μg/mL with doxorubicin HCl 1 mg/mL and epirubicin HCl 0.5 mg/mL during simulated Y-site administration.METHODS:Triplicate samples of palonosetron HCl with each of the anthracycline chemotherapy drugs were tested. Samples were stored and evaluated for up to 4 hours at room temperature near 23°C. Physical stability was assessed using turbidimetric and particulate measurement, as well as visual inspection. Chemical stability was assessed by HPLC.RESULTS:All of the admixtures were clear and red—orange when viewed in normal fluorescent room ...
Operative Vaginal Deliveries: Practical Aspects

Forceps, vacuum, and cesarean sections are relatively recent additions to the obstetrician's armamentarium. The art of modern obstetrics is one that mandates from obstetricians the attentive vigilance of the development of natural processes and an active intervention when such processes fall outside normally accepted standards. What constitutes the "normal process" and the "accepted standard" is subject to discussion, and international variations in obstetric practice are in part the reflection of such controversies. This article presents a practical approach to the contemporary issue of instrumental deliveries, outlining supporting evidence (when available) and the most current position of professional colleges in obstetrics and gynecology.
INDOLEACETAMIDE AS AN INTERMEDIATE IN THE SYNTHESIS OF INDOLEACETIC ACID IN PSEUDOMONAS SAVASTANOI.

When DL-tryptophan-2-C14 was incubated with washed cells or cell-free preparations of Pseudomonas savastanoi, two radioactive metabolites were formed. One was identified as indoleacetamide and the second, indoleacetic acid. The amount of indoleacetamide in the reaction mixture increased rapidly during the early stages of incubation; it reached a peak after 15 minutes and declined steadily there-after. Indoleacetic acid, on the other hand, accumulated slowly throughout the incubation period. Cell-free preparations preferentially utilize the L-isomer of tryptophan for the synthesis of indoleacetamide and indoleacetic acid. The results of these experiments suggest, therefore, that P. savastanoi synthesizes indoleacetic acid by the following reactions: L-tryptophan→ indoleacetamide→indoleacetic acid.
Disturbance, life history strategies, and seed fates in alpine herbfield communities.

Species responses to disturbance are governed primarily by their life history and physiological traits and by the characteristics of the disturbance. Species reproductive traits are especially important in determining the potential of species to establish and to persist following disturbance. Herein, I review available literature on relationships among disturbance, species life histories, and seed fates in tundra environments. Research conducted on these relationships in alpine herbfield vegetation on the Beartooth Plateau, Montana, over the past 9 yr by my colleagues and myself is synthesized. In tundra environments, species reproductive capacities are often similar to those in more temperate environments, but short, cool growing seasons constrain seed production and reduce seedling growth and survival. Highly variable growing season conditions result in large differences in seed production and seedling establishment among years. On disturbed sites, disturbance characteristics determine the seed and seedling environment and influence rates of establishment. In these windy environments, relationships among soil surface characteristics and seed morphological attributes determine both the horizontal and vertical movement of seeds on exposed soils. Once seeds are incorporated into the soil, soil physical and chemical properties determine temperature and nutrient regimes and have the greatest effects on seed germination and seedling growth and survival. Examining the seed fates of herbfield species with varying life histories illustrates that the identities of species that establish following disturbance are largely predictable from their reproductive traits. Disturbance characteristics determine the success of different reproductive strategies and significantly influence community structure.