cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mutations within the Transmembrane Glycoprotein of Mason—Pfizer Monkey Virus: Loss of SU—TM Association and Effects on Infectivity

Abstract We have previously reported that an 11-amino-acid deletion (D33) within the immunosuppressive peptide (ISP) region of the Mason—Pfizer monkey virus transmembrane (TM) glycoprotein, gp22, caused the loss of interaction between TM and the surface (SU) glycoprotein, gp70. This resulted in the secretion of large amounts of biologically active SU glycoprotein, and we postulated that the ISP might represent a point of contact between the two glycoproteins. To further define the amino acids that might be involved in this proposed region of interaction, we have made two neighboring 4-amino-acid deletions within the area defined by the D33 mutation and have carried out saturation mutagenesis on this 8-amino-acid region. We found that one of the smaller deletions (ΔD), and two single point mutations (R68S and L72P), gave the same phenotype as the original D33 mutant. These results provide additional support for the hypothesis that this region of the TM glycoprotein is in contact with the SU glycoprotein and is important in maintaining the noncovalent interactions of the glycoproteins that function to hold the complex together.
Penetrating Particles in Extensive Air Showers

Penetrating particles in extensive air showers have been studied at 4300- and 3260-m elevations. The particles capable of penetrating 14 cm lead are about 1 per 30 shower particles at 3260 m and 1 per 25 at 4300 m. The number of penetrating particles is reduced by a factor 1.8 when the lead is increased from 15.5 to 39 cm, and the density of the penetrating particles diminishes by a factor 1.7 between 4300 and 3260 m elevation. These facts imply the penetrating particles are very numerous and have too low average energy to be mesons coming from the top of the atmosphere. Further experiments show that they are not produced multiply in lead shields above the counters. This fact, together with the independence of their number on the atomic number of the absorber, seems to indicate they are not produced by photons.
Improving flexural strength of dental restorative ceramics using laser interference direct structuring

Zirconia and alumina ceramics restorative materials were treated with laser interference direct structuring using the third harmonic of a short pulse Nd:YAG and tested in a three-point bending test to measure the flexural strength. The surface was restructured in a periodic line like pattern with controlled surface porosity and a surface composite pattern. The composite consist of two different defect states rather than different phase compositions. The resulting mechanical properties are a function of the number of laser pulses, laser energy, and angle in between the laser beams defining the periodic feature distance. This composite effect is comparable with a laminate showing increasing stiffness with decreasing layer thickness. The material s fracture strength could be controlled through the three mentioned laser parameters and in an initial study significantly improved by up to 50% from initial 422 MPa to 630 MPa for alumina and 833 MPa to 1250 MPa for zirconia.
Trajectory determination support and analysis for ISEE-3 from halo orbit to escape from the earth/moon system

The analyses performed in altering the ISEE-3 spacecraft path from a liberation point to a helicocentric orbit for intercepting the Giacobini-Zimmer cometary tail are reviewed. The initial calculations considered the expected accuracy, the best temporal lengths to be used for the calculations and the maneuver points. The early maneuvers were also constrained to a maximum number of crossings of the terrestrial magnetotail for data collection purposes. Three earth-based tracking stations trajectory data collection schedules were projected, and programs were prepared for comparing tracking data with predictions. Delta- V maneuvers were set for perigee locations in order to conserve fuel. A 21-day span was selected for tracking, expect during maneuver periods. Accuracies of 0.1-10 km and 0.3-2.0 cm/sec were obtained.
Consciousness as a process: from the loneliness of William James to the buzzing and booming voices of contemporary science.

This Special Issue of IPBS brings the old metaphor of William James—consciousness as a “stream of thought”—to a contemporary critical inspection. It is demonstrated—based on materials of language (Panksepp 2008; Shanahan 2008), perception (Engelmann 2008) and dialogical self (Bertau 2008) that the classic river metaphor is an inadequate depiction of the multi-level psychological processes that are regulated by the affective systems of the brain and hierarchically integrated through dialogical and semiotic mechanisms.
An Excellent Source of Vegetative Buds for Use in Plant Hormone Studies on Apical Dominance

When studying the role of plant hormones in the control of growth at apical meristems, it is often difficult to obtain needed amounts of physiologically uniform buds. A source and method are described for obtaining sufficient quantities of large, uniform buds and for the treatment of the buds with indoleacetic acid and kinetin. Buds from the root system of Euphorbia esula L. were grown in Petri plates, with agar suspending the short root sections from which they emanate. Plant hormones are applied by their incorporation in the agar. The effect of various concentrations of indoleacetic acid and kinetin on bud growth was examined.
Geometric linear discriminant analysis for pattern recognition

We propose an innovative technique, geometric linear discriminant analysis (Geometric LDA), to reduce the complexity of pattern recognition systems by using a linear transformation to lower the dimension of the observation space. We experimentally compare Geometric LDA to other dimensionality reduction methods found in the literature. We show that Geometric LDA produces the same and in many cases a significantly better linear transformation than other methods found in the literature.
Macroinvertebrate prey availability and food web dynamics of nonnative trout in a Colorado River tributary, Grand Canyon

AbstractNonnative fishes have been linked to the decline of native fishes and may affect aquatic food webs through direct and indirect pathways. These concerns have led to efforts to remove nonnative Brown and Rainbow Trout, which are abundant in tributaries of the Colorado River, to enhance native fish communities. We sampled fish, benthic, and drifting macroinvertebrates in November 2010, January 2011, June 2011, and September 2011 to assess resource availability and to evaluate the effects of nonnative Brown and Rainbow Trout in a tributary of the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon. We evaluated trout diets from stomach samples collected during macroinvertebrate sampling periods, and we estimated annual consumption with bioenergetics models. We used 13C and 15N stable isotopes to examine potential diet overlap between native and nonnative fishes. Contributions to benthic biomass varied among megalopterans (16–35%), trichopterans (19–28%), and ephemeropterans (9–32%), whereas ephemeropterans dominated b...
Analytic technique for measuring hydrogen production during in-pile severe nuclear fuel damage experiments

Abstract A technique has been developed to measure the hydrogen production during in-pile severe nuclear fuel damage experiments. The method involves both thermal measurements and analysis of experimental data and is analogous to a continuous calorimetry method. This report presents results from the hydrogen calibration portion of an in-pile severe fuel damage experiment conducted at Sandia National Laboratories. A known quantity of calibration hydrogen was injected into the normal steam flow path of the experimental system. The hydrogen recombined with oxygen in copper oxide recombiner tubes instrumented with thermcouples at regular intervals. Highly exothermic reduction resulted, leaving a clear thermal signature in the tubes. An energy balance was used to determine the fraction of energy attributable to hydrogen recombination reactions. The COPOX (COPper OXide recombiner analysis) code was written to solve the semi-implicit, time dependent energy balance described above. The measurement technique accurately predicted the amount of injected hydrogen to within a few percent.
Managing Emotional Intelligence in U.S. Cities: A Study of Social Skills among Public Managers

This study assesses perceptions of managerial emotional intelligence in local government, as well as the practices and polices affecting it. Though few cities offer training programs for managers that are called “emotional intelligence,” many cities engage in activities that target or address EI skills. This study finds improvement opportunities for managers to become better attuned to the feelings of others and themselves, to better know their own strengths and weaknesses, to better deal with their negative emotions and increase their adaptability, and to improve their communication and relationship skills. Feedback and mentoring processes are directly associated with increased perceptions of EI, while other practices such as training, selection and policy development are only indirectly associated with perceptions of EI. This study contributes to the knowledge base by increasing awareness about managerial EI skills, and providing specific examples of practices to further managerial EI.
Novel fault location methods for ungrounded radial distribution systems using measurements at substation

Abstract This paper describes novel fault location algorithms for ungrounded radial power distribution systems utilizing voltage and current measurements at substation. Two types of fault location approaches, using line to neutral or line to line measurements, are presented. It's assumed that network structure and parameters are known, so that the during-fault bus impedance matrix of the system can be derived. Then node voltages at substation can be expressed as a product of bus impedance matrix and current injection at substation, from which fault location can be estimated. Evaluation studies based on a 16-bus ungrounded radial distribution system have been performed and it has been demonstrated that accurate fault location estimates can be achieved by both types of methods.
Comparative analysis of thermally activated, environmentally friendly cooling systems

Abstract This paper compares the relative performances of three different thermally activated, environmentally friendly cooling systems, e.g. a silica-gel–water adsorption system, a LiBr–H 2 O absorption system and a desiccant air system. The adsorption and absorption systems in the current study employ water as the refrigerant, while the desiccant system cools atmospheric air directly. Each of these systems can be utilized at relatively low heat source temperatures such as achieved by flat plate solar collectors, but it is unclear which of these systems is best suited to what range of heat source temperature. Our study explores answers to this question by generating quantitative results comparing their relative thermal performance, i.e. COP and refrigeration capacity, and a qualitative comparison based on the size, maturity of technology, safe operation etc. In order to provide a fair comparison between the fundamentally different systems, a UA (overall heat transfer coefficient multiplied by the heat transfer area) value of 1.0 kW °C −1 is considered for the heat exchanger that transfers heat from the supplied hot water. Furthermore, to compare systems of similar size, the mass of silica-gel in the adsorption and desiccant systems and the mass of LiBr–H 2 O solution in the absorption system were specified such that each system provides the same amount of refrigeration (8.0 kW) at a source temperature of 90 °C. It is found that the absorption and adsorption cooling systems have a higher refrigeration capacity at heat source temperatures below 90 °C, while the desiccant air system outperforms the others at temperatures above 90 °C.
Improved survival of patients with melanoma with an antibody response to immunization to a polyvalent melanoma vaccine.

Background. Melanoma vaccine treatment appears to slow the progression of melanoma in some patients, particularly in patients in whom it stimulates cellular antimelanoma immune responses. The relationship of vaccine-induced antibody responses to clinical outcome is less clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical relevance of antibody responses to melanoma vaccine immunization. Methods. Eighty-two evaluable patients with surgically resected American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage III malignant melanoma were immunized to a partially purified, polyvalent, melanoma antigen vaccine. Antimelanoma antibodies were measured by immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis before vaccine treatment and 1 week after the fourth immunization. Results. Vaccine treatment induced or augmented antibody responses to melanoma in 32 (39%) of the patients. The antibodies were directed to one or more antigens of 38-43, 75, 110, 150 and/or 210 kDs, which previously have been shown to be expressed preferentially in cultured human melanoma cells. The median disease free survival of patients with a vaccine-induced antibody response to one or more of these antigens was 5.4 years compared with 1.4 years for nonresponders (P = 0.06), and 5-year overall survival was 71% compared with 44%, respectively (P = 0.01). As determined by Cox multivariate analysis, the difference in overall survival was independent of disease severity or of immunologic competence as evaluated by ability to be sensitized to dinitrochlorobenzene. The difference in survival between antibody responders and nonresponders improved with time. Conclusions. The antibody response to vaccine treatment is an immune marker of vaccine activity that appears to be predictive of a later reduction in the recurrence of melanoma and is unrelated to the vaccine's ability to induce cellular immune responses. This finding suggests that vaccine treatment may be effective in slowing the progression of melanoma in some patients and that the protective effect is mediated partly by vaccine-induced antimelanoma antibodies. Cancer 1995; 75:495-502.
Choice, rate of reinforcement, and the changeover delay

Pigeons distribute their responses on concurrently available variable-interval schedules in the same proportion as reinforcements are distributed on the two schedules only when a changeover delay is used. The present study shows that this equality between proportions of responses and proportions of reinforcements (“matching”) is obtained when the value of the changeover delay is varied. When responses are partitioned into the set of rapid response bursts occurring during the delay interval and the set of responses occurring subsequently, the proportion of neither set of responses matches the proportion of reinforcements. Instead, each set deviates from matching but in opposite directions. Matching on the gross level results from the interaction of two patterns evident in the local response rates: (I) the lengthening of the changeover delay response burst is accompanied by a commensurate decrease in the number of changeovers; (2) the changeover delay response burst is longer than the scheduled delay duration. When delay responses are eliminated by introducing a blackout during the delay interval, response matching is eliminated; the pigeon, however, continues to match the proportion of time spent responding on a key to the proportion of reinforcements obtained on that key.
Determination of the sea-quark distributions in the proton by single-particle inclusive reactions

We have determined the sea-quark distributions of the proton by using recent data on meson production in the proton fragmentation region in high-energy proton-proton collisions. We find that the magnitude of the sea distributions in hadron reactions is larger than the sea measured in lepton experiments. We interpret this enhancement as due to the additional contribution of quark-antiquark pairs created in the initial hadron collision. From our determination of the sea-quark distributions we are able to predict a number of particle ratios in single-particle inclusive production in p-p collisions. In addition, we have calculated the production cross section for low-mass muon pairs by the Drell-Yan mechanism and have obtained good agreement with experiment.
INCREASED RATE OF HAEMOPHILUS INFLUNZAE INFECTION IN HAITIAN CHILDREN

The finding of an unusually high rate of Haemophilus influenzae (HFlu) bacteremia in Haitian children with sickle cell anemia led to speculation that they might comprise a population generally more susceptible to such infections. We reviewed all blood and spinal fluid cultures positive for HFlu for children under 5 for a 2 year period and found 71 occurred in H and 104 in American (A) children, a rate disproportionate to the ethnic composition of children seen in our Emergency Room. For 6 months, the race and nationality of all children seen were available. During that time positive cultures were found in 20/2026 (0.99%) H, a higher rate than that found in A children, 20/8335 (0.24%) p<.01. The rate was similar for both Black and White A children. There was no difference in age with 88% H and 80% A occurring before 2 years, nor was there a difference in infection site, underlying illness or outcome. Although the data do not allow calculation of a population incidence, they seem to indicate that H children in this community have more frequent serious infections with HFlu. Immunization should be provided but will be of uncertain benefit until a product is made available that is effective in the first year of life.
Creating a technology desk in an information commons

Roughly three years ago, Bucknell University's Computer & Communication Services department (CCS) and the Library merged into a new department, called Information Services & Resources. One of the results of this collaboration was the decision to create an “Information Commons” on the first floor of the library—one place where people could go for assistance with all of their information needs whether computing, media, or content-related. The Information Commons was built around three service desks in the Library: Reference, Circulation, and a new Technology Desk. The Technology Desk is a combination of the CCS Help Desk (previously located in the computer center) and Media Services (formerly located in a wing of the library building). These services were combined, expanded, and put in a prominent location on the first floor of the library with the other two service desks. The Technology Desk is now the front door to all technology services the organization provides, interfacing with seven or more different functional groups in the department. Adjacent to the Technology Desk we created a Technology Courtyard, with 28 high-end multimedia stations with a large working space for each station. These stations are targeted for two audiences: those that need to do multimedia projects, and those who need space to work collaboratively. Multimedia and collaborative projects are receiving increasing emphasis from faculty in their assignments, and the Technology Courtyard is designed to facilitate this kind of work. The Technology Desk and Courtyard have now been in existence for a little over one year. In our paper, we will address many aspects of the creation of the Technology Desk, including the philosophy behind the Technology Desk, the design of the physical layout, the services that the desk provides, the staffing issues, communication mechanisms, policies and procedures, and the use of student employees. We will also address what worked well in this process, and what we would do differently if we had the opportunity.
A proposed approach for monitoring nuclear warhead dismantlement

Two novel approaches for monitoring nuclear warhead dismantlement have been developed by the Applied Monitoring and Transparency Laboratory at Los Alamos National Lab. These approaches were recently demonstrated at Pantex and in the Device Assembly Facility (DAF) at the Nevada Test Site. The systems used to demonstrate these concepts are called the Integrated Facility Monitoring System (IFMS) and the Magazine Transparency System (MTS). IFMS is intended as a limited chain‐of‐custody system for monitoring dismantlement operations, while MTS can be used for short or long‐term storage (and possibly the transport) of nuclear weapons, components, and materials. Both IFMS and MTS possess a number of the attributes required for an effective START III regime including negotiability, simplicity, good confidence and transparency, minimal invasiveness, limited needed for the presence of foreign personnel or hardware inside nuclear facilities, protection for classified information, and no compromise of domestic nuclea...
Transplanting grizzly bears Ursus arctos horribilis as a management tool — results from the cabinet mountains, Montana, USA

Abstract A study of grizzly bears Ursus arctos horribilis in the Cabinet Mountains, Montana indicated that the future of the population was in jeopardy, and population augmentation was recommended. The US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) issued an augmentation plan in 1987. The first of four projected transplants was completed in July 1990. The first transplanted grizzly bear was a 5-year-old female that weighed 71 kg. The first bear remained in the Cabinet Mountains following release and was monitored for 13 months before the radio collar was lost. This bear was visually located in the target area on 15 May 1992 approximately 19 km from the release site. Her home range from July 1990 through May 1992 encompassed 555 km 2 . Data regarding movements and habitat use were analysed and compared with native grizzly bears in the Cabinet Mountains. Trapping efforts in southeast British Columbia for additional bears to transplant were again conducted in 1991 and 1992. The effort resulted in the capture of eight different grizzly bears in 1991, but none met the sex and age criteria of 2-6-year-old females. Efforts in 1992 resulted in the capture of a second 71 kg 6-year-old female (bear 258) which was released at the same location as the first bear exactly 2 years later on 22 July 1992. Movements of bear 258 from July through November 1992 encompassed 388 km 2 in the target release area. This second bear emerged with a single cub in May 1993 and was radio-monitored until July 1993 when it was found dead in the target release area. No trace of the cub was found although it had been seen with its mother in late June. The cause of death is as yet unknown pending completion of toxicology reports. A third subadult female bear (286) was captured in July 1993 and released in the target area where she has remained through October 1993. Transplanting of bears can be a valuable tool in the conservation of small bear populations worldwide.
A paper on the pace of recovery from diaphragmatic fatigue and its unexpected dividends

Because the diaphragm is essential for survival, we wondered if it might be less vulnerable to the long-lasting effects of fatigue than limb muscles. Using a recently introduced magnetic probe to activate the phrenic nerves, we followed the evolution of twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure after inducing fatigue in healthy volunteers. Twenty-four hours after its induction, diaphragmatic fatigue had not fully recovered. Findings from this study later served as the foundation for incorporating a once-daily, T-tube-trial arm into a randomized controlled trial of techniques for ventilator weaning in intensive care unit patients and also influenced the design of a controlled trial of the weaning of tracheostomy patients who required prolonged ventilation. The research methodology was later employed to determine whether low-frequency fatigue is responsible for weaning failure. Employing a further modification of the technique—twitch airway pressure—it became evident that respiratory muscle weakness is a greater problem than fatigue in ventilated patients. Twitch airway pressure is now being used to document the prevalence and consequences of ventilator-induced respiratory muscle weakness. Our study—which began with a circumscribed, simple question—has yielded dividends in unforeseen directions, illustrating the fruitfulness of research into basic physiological mechanisms.
The Spirit, the Scripture(S), and the Gospel of Mark: Pneumatology and Hermeneutics in Narrative Perspective

Scholarship has generally conceived that the Spirit's function within the second Gospel is to equip Jesus' followers in order to undertake spiritual assignments and to speak the (prophetic) words of the Spirit. But, the func tion of the Spirit in relationship to Scripture in the Gospel of Mark offers further insight. Markan narrative rhetoric suggests that only Spirit-em powered interpreters, like Jesus, are capable of adequately providing necessary selection, revision, and meaning to the Hebrew/Greek Scriptures. Both the Spirit's infusion of Jesus in the prologue and the role of the Spirit in David's scriptural speech are evidence for this conclusion.
Remote steric effects in the Sakurai reaction

Abstract A remote steric effect in the Sakurai addition to unsaturated esters containing small to large alkyl groups has been detected which leads to either cyclobutane or allyl adducts.
Ursodiol for all

Abstract The authors undertook retrospective cross-sectional study to determine the relationship between the use of ursodiol and dysplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). All patients with ulcerative colitis and PSC were evaluated for the presence of dysplasia in biopsies taken during a previously established colonoscopic surveillance program. In the program, patients underwent colonoscopy every 3 yr with random four-quadrant biopsies (average of 47 biopsies/session). If low grade dysplasia indefinite for dysplasia or aneuploidy was found at any time, patients then had yearly colonoscopies. Patients were included in the ursodiol group if they had used ursodiol at any time before the development of dysplasia. The primary endpoint was the development of dysplasia. Fifty-nine patients met the entry criteria. Of these, 41 had taken ursodiol at some time and 18 had never taken ursodiol. The development of dysplasia was significantly less common in patients who had received ursodiol (odds ratio = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.05–0.61). The development of dysplasia was not related to other medications, including sulfasalazine, 5-aminosalicylic acid, prednisone, cyclosporine, azathioprine, and methotrexate. The protective effect of ursodiol against the development of dysplasia remained after adjusting for sex, age at onset of colitis, duration of colitis, duration of PSC, Child-Pugh class, and use of sulfasalazine. An increased risk for the development of dysplasia was also noted in those patients who had onset of colitis at a younger age. The authors concluded that ursodiol use is associated with lower frequency of colonic dysplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis and PSC. They suggest that a prospective randomized trial evaluating the chemoprotective effect of ursodiol is warranted.
Photodetachment of H - by a short laser pulse in crossed static electric and magnetic fields

We present a detailed quantum mechanical treatment of the photodetachment of ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ by a short laser pulse in the presence of crossed static electric and magnetic fields. An exact analytic formula is presented for the final state electron wave function (describing an electron in both static electric and magnetic fields and a short laser pulse of arbitrary intensity). In the limit of a weak laser pulse, final state electron wave packet motion is examined and related to the closed classical electron orbits in crossed static fields predicted by Peters and Delos [Phys. Rev. A 47, 3020 (1993)]. Owing to these closed orbit trajectories, we show that the detachment probability can be modulated, depending on the time delay between two laser pulses and their relative phase, thereby providing a means to partially control the photodetachment process. In the limit of a long, weak pulse (i.e., a monochromatic radiation field) our results reduce to those of others; however, for this case we analyze the photodetachment cross section numerically over a much larger range of electron kinetic energy (i.e., up to $500\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) than in previous studies and relate the detailed structures both analytically and numerically to the above-mentioned, closed classical periodic orbits.
Influence of combustion parameters on instability in solid propellant motors. II - Nonlinear analysis.

The analysis of an unsteady-state model for the combustion of a solid propellant is extended to include the nonlinearities of the second order. The second order response in burning velocity is found to have a constant and a second harmonic frequency component. For all values of the frequency and parameters of interest, the former component is found to represent a relatively small decrease in the mean burning rate during oscillatory combustion. The nonlinear system behavior is dominated by only two nonlinearities: one between the burning rate and the flame temperature in the heat convected out of the flame and the other between the pressure and the flame temperature in the flame burning rate expression.
Episodic release of luteinizing hormone in male mice: antagonism by a neural refractory period.

A refractory period of LH secretion follows both an internally generated and a female-induced, episodic release of LH in male mice. These experiments examined tbe duration of the refractory period and investigated its physiological basis. Plasma LH was measured in sequential blood samples that were withdrawn from chronically cannulated male mice. The males were exposed to two successive stimuli that were presented at 10-, 25-, or 45-min intervals; the two stimuli were a female both times, LHRH both times, or LHRH first and a female second. Males that were exposed to two successive females released LH in response to the second female only if 45 min had elapsed between exposures. All males in the LHRH-LHRH treatment group released LH after both injections of LHRH at all three stimulus intervals. The female stimulus evoked LH secretion in the LHRH-female treatment group at all three times after LHRH administration. In a second set of experiments, testosterone capsules that maintained the seminal vesicle weig...
Some data on the predictive validity of the speech evaluation instrument

This study was designed to investigate the predictive validity of a measure of speech evaluation, the Speech Evaluation Instrument (SEI) (Zahn & Hopper, 1985). More specifically, while the predictive validity of two dimensions of the measure, attractiveness and dynamism has been demonstrated, no studies to date have addressed the validity of the superiority dimension. In the present study, a variation on the known‐groups method was used in which respondents evaluated speakers likely to elicit differing reactions on this dimension, standard speaking adults and nonstandard speaking children. As hypothesized, the standard speaking adults were rated much higher on superiority than the nonstandard speaking children. The speech groups accounted for 36% of the variance in superiority evaluations. Speech groups also accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in attractiveness ratings. Implications of these results for the validity of the SEI are discussed.
A study of male and female soldiers' beliefs about the “appropriateness” of various jobs for women in the army

The purpose of this paper is to document the often discussed (e.g., Goldman, 1973) and recently initiated expansion of women's role in the U.S. Army and to present evidence regarding one aspect of soldiers' probable reaction to this expansion — viz., the extent to which soldiers believe certain military jobs are “appropriate” for women and, in particular, the extent to which these beliefs are related to respondent sex, rank, and expectation of leaving the Army before retirement.
Regulation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase mRNA Stability by Protein-binding, Pyrimidine-rich Sequence in the 3′-Untranslated Region

The stability of mRNA for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis, is regulated by oxygen tension in the pheochromocytoma-derived PC12 cell line. We previously identified a pyrimidine-rich 27-base-long protein-binding sequence in the 3′-untranslated region of TH mRNA that is associated with hypoxia-inducible formation of a ribonucleoprotein complex (hypoxia-inducible protein-binding site (HIPBS)). In this study, we show that HIPBS is an mRNA stabilizing element necessary for both constitutive and hypoxia-regulated stability of TH mRNA. The mutations within this sequence that abolish protein binding markedly decrease constitutive TH mRNA stability and ablate its hypoxic regulation. A short fragment of TH mRNA that contains the wild-type HIPBS confers the increased mRNA stability to the reporter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase mRNA. However, it is not sufficient to confer hypoxic regulation. The HIPBS element binds two isoforms of a 40-kDa poly(C)-binding protein (PCBP). Hypoxia induces expression of the isoform 1, PCBP1, but not the isoform 2, PCBP2, in PC12 cells.
Texture of locomotor path: a replicable characterization of a complex behavioral phenotype.

A database of mouse locomotor path in spatial tests can be used to search in silico for behavioral measures that better discriminate between genotypes and are more replicable across laboratories. In this study, software for the exploration of exploration (SEE) was used to search a large database for a novel behavioral measure that would characterize complex movement paths. The database included mouse open-field behavior assessed in 3 laboratories, 7 inbred strains, several pharmacological treatments and hundreds of animals. The new behavioral measure, ‘path texture’, was characterized using the local curvature of the path (the change of direction per unit distance, in degrees/cm) across several spatial scales, starting from scales smaller than the animal's body length and up to the scale of the arena size. Path texture analysis differs from fractal dimension analysis in that it does not assume self-similarity across scales. Path texture was found to discriminate inbred strains with relatively high broad-sense heritability (43%–71%) and high replicability across laboratories. Even genotypes that had similar path curvatures in some scales usually differed in other scales, and self-similarity across scales was not displayed by all genotypes. Amphetamine decreased the path curvature of C57BL/6 mice in small and medium scales, while having no effect on DBA/2J mice. Diazepam dose-dependently decreased the curvature of C57BL/6 mice across all scales, while 2 anxiogenic drugs, FG-7142 and pentylenetetrazole, increased it. Path texture thus has high potential for behavioral phenotyping and the study of drug effects in the mouse.
Endoscopic evaluation of postoperative recurrence in the patient with Crohn’s disease

Recurrence of Crohn’s disease following surgical resection is a significant problem with reported symptomatic recurrence rates as high as 55% at 5 years and 76% at 15 years. The underlying pathophysiology of recurrent disease and the reason for its localization to the neo-terminal ileum are not well understood. Endoscopic visualization of the anastomosis and the neo-terminal ileum can provide important information about recurrence of Crohn’s disease following surgical resection. Endoscopic recurrences have been found as soon as 2 months following surgery and recurrence rates as high as 72% to 93% have been reported in the first year after surgery. Studies have shown that there is a progression of endoscopic lesions, from scattered aphthous ulcers to large ulcers and strictures over time, and that this progression is predictive of the subsequent clinical course. Patients with more advanced endoscopic lesion are more likely to develop early recurrence of symptoms and subsequent complications of the disease.
The World’s Not Ready for This: Globalizing Selective Technologies

The United States has become an ideal marketplace for those seeking selective technologies that are illegal, inaccessible, or unavailable in their own countries. Specifically, technologies such as ...
Comments on adequacy, nutrition and survival with peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis

Summary: This paper summarizes the status of the worldwide peritoneal dialysis population at the end of 1994. Relative mortality risks on peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis are compared. Clearance targets for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis are discussed.
Unique/Major Human Metabolites: Why, How, and When to Test for Safety in Animals

A Draft Guidance for Industry on "Safety Testing of Drug Metabolites" was released by FDA in 2005. According to these recommendations, there may be instances when the safety profile of human metabolites may mandate their direct safety testing in animals prior to registration and approval of new molecular entity. In response to this evolving regulatory environment, pragmatic and scientifically driven approaches should be used to assess which (if any) metabolites may require direct safety testing in animals. A specific Lilly case study highlights a strategic approach for evaluation of unique and major human metabolites of a drug in Phase 2 development.
Utility of on-site cytopathology assessment for bronchoscopic evaluation of lung masses and adenopathy

Study objectives To determine the extent to which on-site cytopathology assessment improves diagnostic yield when sampling lung nodules or masses and/or hilar or mediastinal lymphadenopathy by fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB). Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Two teaching hospitals in Baltimore, MD. Patients Consecutive adult patients (≥ 18 years) undergoing FOB for evaluation of lung nodules or masses and/or hilar or mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Intervention Prospective collection of data on patient factors and details of the procedure on standardized report forms. Measurements and results The primary outcome measure was a new diagnosis obtained by FOB. On-site assessment was used in 81 of 204 cases (40%), and overall diagnostic yield was 62%. Yield was greater when on-site cytopathology assessment was used, in unadjusted analysis (81% vs 50%, p Conclusions We conclude that diagnostic yield was greater when on-site cytopathology was used to assist FOB evaluation of intrathoracic adenopathy and/or lung nodules or masses. Increasing the use of on-site cytopathology assessment may improve the quality of FOB services.
Large-Scale Variability in the Midlatitude Subtropical and Subpolar North Pacific Ocean: Observations and Causes

Abstract Altimetric data from the 8-yr TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) mission (Oct 1992–Jul 2000) are used to investigate large-scale circulation changes in the three current systems of the midlatitude North Pacific Ocean: the North Pacific Current (NPC), the Alaska gyre, and the western subarctic gyre (WSG). To facilitate the understanding of the observed changes, a two-layer ocean model was adopted that includes first-mode baroclinic Rossby wave dynamics and barotropic Sverdrup dynamics. The NPC intensified steadily over the T/P period from 1992 to 1998. Much of this intensification is due to the persistent sea surface height (SSH) drop on the northern side of the NPC. A similar SSH trend is also found in the interior of the Alaska gyre. Both of these SSH changes are shown to be the result of surface wind stress curl forcing accumulated along the baroclinic Rossby wave characteristics initiated from the eastern boundary. In addition to the interior SSH signals, the intensity of the Alaska gyre is shown to depend ...
Methylated Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3 (BMP3) Gene: Evaluation of Tumor Suppressor Function and Biomarker Potential in Biliary Cancer

Background: Although cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is an uncommon and highly lethal malignancy, early detection enables the application of potentially curative therapies and improves survival. Consequently, tools to improve the early diagnosis of CC are urgently needed. During a screen for genes epigenetically suppressed by methylation in CC that might serve as methylation markers for CC, we found that the BMP3 gene is methylated in CC cell lines, but the potential diagnostic value and the function of BMP3 in CC are unknown. Methods: We aimed to quantitatively assess BMP3 methylation in resected CC tumor specimens using methylation specific PCR and evaluate the tumor suppressor role of BMP3 in biliary cancer cell lines in comparison to an immortalized normal cholangiocyte cell line. Expression of BMP3 was quantified by mRNA levels before and after treatment with 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A. After transfection with a BMP3-containing plasmid, cell viability was measured using the bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay and apoptosis quantified by caspase assay. Results: In primary CC tumor tissue specimens significantly more methylated BMP3 copies were found when compared to matched benign bile duct epithelium from the same patient, with high specificity. BMP3 expression was absent in cell lines with BMP3 methylation; this suppression of BMP3 expression was reversed by treatment with a DNA demethylating agent and histone de-acetylase inhibitor. Transfection of a BMP3-expressing construct into a BMP3-negative biliary cancer cell line restored BMP3 mRNA expression and reduced cell proliferation and cell viability while increasing the rate of apoptosis. Conclusion: These findings strongly support a tumor suppressor role for BMP3 in CC and suggest that BMP3 methylation may be a new biomarker for early detection of CCs.of the peptidome are also involved.
Analysis of Finite Unreliable Sensor Grids

Asymptotic analysis of unreliable sensor grides has been studied previously. Some analytic results for sensor grids have been reported for the case where the number of nodes n in the network tends to infinity (large-scale grids). This includes connectivity, coverage, and diameter of the networks. These results have not been extended for small or moderate values of n, although in many practical sensor grids, n might not be very large. In this paper, we first show that previous asymptotic results may provide poor approximations for the finite grids (small-scale grids). We then aim to develop a methodology to analytically study unreliable sensor grids properties without assuming that n is large. We prove some properties of finite sensor grids. We show that a large class of network parameters can be expressed as piecewise constant functions of communication and sensing radii. We obtain simple analytic expressions for connectivity and coverage probabilities of finite sensor grids. Using simulations, we show that the expressions give good estimates of these probabilities.
Effect of hexachlorophene, tribromsalan, trichlorcarban and cloflucarban on hexobarbital sleeping time and hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity in vitro in the rat

Abstract Oral administration of the antibactenals hexachlorophene, tribromsalan and trichlorcarban at doses of 50, 10 and 40 mg/kg, respectively, caused significant increases in hexobarbital sleeping time in male Wistar rats, while an oral dose of 40 mg/kg of cloflucarban gave only a slight increase. The four halogenated antibacterials inhibited hepatic microsomal aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase activities in vitro but had no effect on hepatic microsomal NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity. The addition of each of the antibacterials to hepatic microsomes produced a type I difference spectrum. The spectral binding constants for interaction of hexachlorophene, tribromsalan, trichlorcarban and cloflucarban with hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 were 33, 62, 66 and 40 μM respectively. The per cent of in vitro inhibition of hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase activity by these agents increased with increasing incubation times. The addition of bovine serum albumin to the incubation mixtures partially reversed the inhibition of microsomal drug metabolism caused by the halogenated antibacterial agents in vitro.
The Effectiveness of Child-Resistant Packaging for Aspirin

Oblective: To evaluate the effectiveness of childresistant packaging in reducing the mortality rate from the unintentional ingestion of aspirin for children younger than 5 years. Design: Estimates of the annual aspirin-related mortality rate for children younger than 5 years in the United States were developed for the 1958-1990 study period. A multivariate negative binomial regression model was then used to estimate the independent effect of the packaging requirements on the child mortality rate during the postintervention period. The analysis controlled for changes in the per capita use of aspirin, long-term safety trends, and other extraneous and potentially confounding factors that may have affected the aspirin-related child mortality rate. Main Outceme Measure: Estimated percentage reduction in the child mortality rate associated with the use of child-resistant packaging. Re.uhs: After conmolling for covariates, the use of childresistant packagmg was associated with a 34% reduction in the aspirin-related child mortality rate. This mortality rate reduction equates to the prevention of about 90 child deaths during the 1973-1990 postregulatory study period. Comlurknm: Child-resistant packaging has been effective in reducing aspirin-related child poisonings. However, because its effectiveness is only partial. further poison prevention strategies shouldbe developedand instituted. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2002;156:929-933
A SPONTANEOUS ABNORMALITY OF THE RAT’S OVARY ACCOMPANIED BY MASCULINIZATION OF THE GENITALIA1,2

TUMORS of the glands of internal secretion have been described frequently by clinicians and experimentalists. That such glandular neoplasms may secrete abnormal kinds and amounts of hormones and directly or indirectly disturb the endocrine balance in the organism has been demonstrated in many instances. From studies on spontaneous glandular abnormalities it may become possible, after the experimental simulation of the defect, to ascribe specific functions to particular tissues and cells comprising the organ. Studies upon the secretory capacity of the ovary subsequent to the onset of various spontaneous and experimental lesions have been of some value in interpreting the normal gonad. It has not been possible, however, to determine conclusively the exact tissues which are responsible for the synthesis of the several ovarian secretions.
Considering the Sources: Comparing Linking Patterns in Usenet and Blogs.

Usenet is a decentralized discussion community predating blogs by decades. Just as there are a wide range of political blogs, many Usenet sub-communities focus on politics. However, we find these two communities are very different in terms of source content. In this work we compare linking patterns of the political Usenet with a well-known political blog and news aggregator, Memeorandum, with respect to coverage of news and blog sources, attention of stories, and timeliness of links.