cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The probability of blindness from open-angle glaucoma

Abstract Objective This study aimed to determine the probability of a patient developing legal blindness in either one or both eyes from newly diagnosed and treated open-angle glaucoma (OAG) after starting medical or surgical therapy or both. Design The study design was a retrospective, community-based descriptive study. Participants Two hundred ninety-five residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, newly diagnosed with, and treated for, OAG between 1965 and 1980 with a mean follow-up of 15 years (standard deviation ± 8 years) participated. Intervention Kaplan-Meier cumulative probability of blindness was estimated for patients treated and followed for OAG. Main outcome measures Legal blindness, defined as a corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or worse, and/or visual field constricted to 20° or less in its widest diameter with the Goldmann III4e test object or its equivalent on automated perimetry, secondary to glaucomatous loss, was measured. Results At 20-years’ follow-up, the Kaplan-Meier cumulative probability of glaucoma-related blindness in at least one eye was estimated to be 27% (95% confidence interval, 20%–33%), and for both eyes, it was estimated to be 9% (95% confidence interval, 5%–14%). At the time of diagnosis, 15 patients were blind in at least 1 eye from OAG. Conclusion A retrospective study of a white population determined that the risk of blindness from newly diagnosed and treated OAG may be considerable.
Radiative Characteristics of Cryodeposits for Room Temperature Black Body Radiation

Problems associated with the presence of condensed gases on low-temperature surfaces recently have begun to receive attention. The presence of soiid gas films could significantly change the radiative characteristics of the surface, thereby affecting the performance of a space simulator, for example, or increasing the refrigeration load on a low temperature device. In addition, in any attempt to measure the low-temperature properties of a surface the possibility of the presence of a condensed gas film would have to be considered.
Teaching E-Commerce: A Platform For Active Learning

The last several years, despite of the shakeout of the dot-coms, there has been an extreme interest in teaching E-Commerce. Many schools pioneered the development of E-Commerce programs. Relevant curricula at undergraduate and graduate levels were developed. Several conference and journal papers are treating the problems related to teaching E-Commerce. All of them agree that new pedagogies are needed in order to successfully teach E-Commerce. One of them is Active learning, which has not been explored so far with respect to the field of teaching E Commerce. This paper aims to propose that E-Commerce is a field naturally suited for active learning. The authors explore different active learning strategies and share their experiences in implementing them.
Mortality estimates of stage-structured populations must include uncertainty in stage duration and relative abundance

I explored mortality estimation for stage-structured populations, building on previous work that applied vertical lifetable methods to populations of copepods. A new Bayesian approach for estimating mortality rates accounts for uncertainties in stage duration and number counted by stage, which have not been fully incorporated into previous analyses. This method assumes that mortality is similar among similar life stages. Results using simulated data show that realistic values of the standard deviation of stage duration and number of individuals counted result in reliable mortality estimates, though with wide confidence intervals. This uncertainty obscures variation in estimated mortality between successive stages and can also obscure bias due to violation of underlying assumptions such as that of a stable stage distribution. More importantly, the uncertainty calls into question many previous mortality estimates across pairs of life stages that do not account for these sources of uncertainty. The method was applied to an introduced population of the brackish-water cyclopoid copepod Limnoithona tetraspina in the San Francisco Estuary. Despite the uncertainties, results were interpretable: mortality was highest in nauplii and lowest in adults, probably because of high vulnerability of nauplii to invertebrate predators and low vulnerability of adults to fish predation.
Long-Term Reactions of Renal Recipients and Donors

Questions of the quality of life of transplant recipients and the ethics of related donation remain important issues, even as these therapies become more routine.1 Originally, when the federal HR-1 legislation to pay for transplantation and dialysis went into effect it was estimated that 70% of ESRD patients would be treated with kidney transplantation.2 However, in 1979, only 8.6% of those treated have received a transplant; the vast majority of patients are receiving dialysis.3 While there is much controversy as to the reasons for this low rate (perhaps it is simply that the new higher-risk patients being treated are too old or otherwise unsuitable for transplantation), many nephrologists have questioned whether the quality of life after transplantation is in fact as good as originally heralded.1,4–8
Analog and RF Interference Mitigation for Integrated MIMO Receiver Arrays

Over the past decade, we have witnessed the maturation of silicon-based phased array technology, which has started to make an impact on commercial and military wireless applications. Over the next decade, driven by the development of next-generation wireless communication networks, we will see the maturation and impact of large-scale multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) technology. MIMO receiver arrays exploit digital array signal processing, and consequently are exposed to interference in the analog and radio-frequency (RF) front ends. The absence of analog/RF interference mitigation in traditional digital MIMO receiver arrays results in designs with high-dynamic-range and power-hungry analog and RF receiver front ends and analog-to-digital converters. This paper describes recently developed techniques for spatio–spectral interference mitigation in the analog and RF domain for digital MIMO receivers. The techniques proposed are flexible; tunable across operating frequency; scalable; present low cost, size, and power consumption overheads; and are experimentally validated through a 0.1–1.7-GHz four-element receiver front-end array integrated circuit (IC) prototype in 65-nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology.
Reimagining African Security: Transnational Problems, Transnational Approaches

An oft-repeated phrase among African Studies scholars is “African Solutions to African Problems.” This roundtable proposes to revisit this idea through the discussion of “Transnational Approaches to Transnational Problems.” In today’s globalized world, the concept of “security” is no longer restricted to the nation-state. “African Solutions” may be ideal for “African Problems,” yet no problem today is exclusively “African.” Threats to national security are transnational, with issues such as refugees, ethnic conflict, and terrorism defying borders. In recent years, Africa has experienced a drastic political transition in numerous countries — from the border redrawing in Sudan, to the dictatorships toppled in Tunisia, Egypt, or Libya, and to religious extremist advances in Nigeria and Mali. These political transitions demand a new way to conceptualize African security interests, one that incorporates the undeniable influence of external actors, international organizations, and cross-border African initiatives. In this light, this roundtable hopes to capture the ingenuity of African solutions but to also embrace the opportunities of a transnational approach to increasingly mobilized ideas, people, and policies in Africa. Roundtable participants will draw from a variety of case studies to rethink how transnational problems and transnational approaches have reconfigured diplomatic and human relationships and address the different mechanisms of transnational security strategies. In particular, roundtable participants will discuss the Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Partnership, training EU Training Initiative in Mali, the Africa Contingency Operations Training & Assistance Program, the developing relationship between Israel and Sudan, and additional topics related to the ever expanding globalized international system.
Intrusion detection in enterprise systems by combining and clustering diverse monitor data

Intrusion detection using multiple security devices has received much attention recently. The large volume of information generated by these tools, however, increases the burden on both computing resources and security administrators. Moreover, attack detection does not improve as expected if these tools work without any coordination.In this work, we propose a simple method to join information generated by security monitors with diverse data formats. We present a novel intrusion detection technique that uses unsupervised clustering algorithms to identify malicious behavior within large volumes of diverse security monitor data. First, we extract a set of features from network-level and host-level security logs that aid in detecting malicious host behavior and flooding-based network attacks in an enterprise network system. We then apply clustering algorithms to the separate and joined logs and use statistical tools to identify anomalous usage behaviors captured by the logs. We evaluate our approach on an enterprise network data set, which contains network and host activity logs. Our approach correctly identifies and prioritizes anomalous behaviors in the logs by their likelihood of maliciousness. By combining network and host logs, we are able to detect malicious behavior that cannot be detected by either log alone.
Increasing F2-isoprostanes in the first month after birth predicts poor respiratory and neurodevelopmental outcomes in very preterm infants.

This study examined the association between increased early oxidative stress, measured by F2-isoprostanes (IsoPs), and respiratory morbidity at term equivalent age and neurological impairment at 12 months of corrected age (CA). Plasma samples were collected from 136 premature infants on days 14 and 28 after birth. All participants were infants born at ⩽28 weeks of gestational age enrolled into the Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program (PROP) study. Respiratory morbidity was determined at 40 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA) by the Respiratory Severity Index (RSI), a composite measure of oxygen and pressure support. Neurodevelopmental assessment was performed using the Developmental Assessment of Young Children (DAYC) at 12 months of CA. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated associations between IsoP change, RSI and DAYC scores. Mediation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between IsoPs and later outcomes. Developmental data were available for 121 patients (90% of enrolled) at 12 months. For each 50-unit increase in IsoPs, regression modeling predicted decreases in cognitive, communication and motor scores of −1.9, −1.2 and −2.4 points, respectively (P<0.001). IsoP increase was also associated with increased RSI at 40 weeks of PMA (odds ratio=1.23; P=0.01). RSI mediated 25% of the IsoP effect on DAYC motor scores (P=0.02) and had no significant impact on cognitive or communication scores. In the first month after birth, increases in plasma IsoPs identify preterm infants at risk for respiratory morbidity at term equivalent age and worse developmental outcomes at 12 months of CA. Poor neurodevelopment is largely independent of respiratory morbidity.
Father Role, History of

Fathering has changed considerably over the past century. The father's role has moved from being the moral leader to the breadwinner, advancing into a sex role model and, most recently, becoming more nurturing and caring in regular family interactions. The role of the father has been reflected in the shifting ways that scholars identify and measure father involvement using various models that take into account these shifting roles. In addition, other factors such as family structure, father identity, and co-parenting have been recently identified as having an important influence on contemporary father roles. Keywords: co-parenting; family structure; father identity; fathering; father involvement; parenting
Reliability assessment of hydrofoil-shaped micro-pin fins

As the need for high performance and extreme power-dissipation microelectronic devices continues to rise, innovative thermal management solutions are being developed to efficiently remove the high heat fluxes dissipated in these applications. At heat flux rates surpassing the 1000 W/cm2 level in some localized hot spot cases, conductive spreading to an external heat sink is no longer a viable thermal management option. On-chip, enhanced microfluidic cooling with pin fins offers new opportunities to deliver coolant in close proximity to power dissipation zones and hot spots. In state-of-the-art designs a two-phase refrigerant is pumped through a microfluidic channel within an active device absorbing heat at high velocity. Hydrofoil-shaped, silicon micro-pin fins populate the flow space to increase surface area available for heat removal and for liquid films to coalesce. The proposed thermal-management system has been fabricated by etching the microchannel with hydrofoil pin fins into the backside of the silicon device and then bonding it to a capping layer. While the hydrofoil shape is designed to benefit thermal-fluid performance properties, reliability consideration must also be given to the geometry. Phase change of the liquid facilitates optimal heat removal rates but also requires high-pressure conditions for operation. At these high-pressure conditions, the pin fins will be subjected to stress due to fluid pressure. Because of the unique geometry of the hydrofoil pin fins, special consideration must be given to the interaction of stress concentrations due to fluidic pressure loading and the small radius of curvature of the hydrofoil tail. The objective of this paper is to examine the various sources of stress in this high-performance, micro-pin fin channel and explore the reliability of this hydrofoil pin fin design under high-pressure conditions.
Reply to "Allocation Based on Virtual Crossmatch Alone: Not Yet Ready for Primetime".

Dr. Kehr is correct in stating the purpose of crossmatching is to assess immunologic risk (1). However, one should clarify that crossmatches are intended to do so by detecting anti-donor HLA antibodies (DSA). Unfortunately, flow cytometric crossmatches (FCXM) are subject to false positive results due to non-HLA antibodies (2,3). Thus, in the absence of DSA detectable by solid phase immunoassays (SPI) using single antigen beads, the diagnostic significance of a positive FXCM remains speculative. Previous studies have suggested that DSA negative transplants are not associated with increased immunologic risk, regardless of crossmatch outcome (2,4). Our study is by far, the largest and most definitive study to support this position (Fig 1). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Large-scale multivariate activation states of the human brain

Much of our lives are spent in unconstrained rest states, yet cognitive brain processes are primarily investigated experimentally using task-constrained states. It may be possible to utilize the insights gained from experimental control of task processes as reference points for investigating unconstrained rest. To facilitate comparison of rest and task functional MRI (fMRI) data we focused on activation amplitude patterns, commonly used for task but not rest analyses. During rest, we identified spontaneous changes in temporally extended whole-brain activation pattern states. This revealed a hierarchical organization of rest states. The top consisted of two competing states consistent with previously identified "task-positive" and "task-negative" activation patterns. These states were composed of a variety of more specific states that repeated over time and across individuals. In contrast to the classic view that rest consists of only task-negative states, task-positive states were present over 40% of the time while individuals "rested." This suggests individuals conduct extensive task-oriented mental activity during rest. Consistent with this interpretation, classifier decoding of rest brain states based on thousands of task fMRI studies identified a variety of matched active tasks. Further, an analysis of task data revealed a similar hierarchical structure of brain states. Together these results suggest brain activation dynamics form a general hierarchy across both task and rest, with a small number of dominant general states reflecting basic modes of brain function along with a variety of specific states likely reflecting the rich variety of cognitive states experienced in everyday life.
Understanding Associations Between Low-Income Mothers' Participation in Education and Parenting

Maternal education is one of the strongest predictors of children's academic outcomes. One possible explanation for this is that more highly educated mothers more frequently engage in parenting pra...
Optical metrology strategies for inline 7nm CMOS logic product control

In this paper we propose a “film on grating” (FoG) measurement technique using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) that can enable sub-Angstrom level precision for multi-layer film thickness measurement on topographies that closely approximate the device structure. FoG follows the industry trends to 'measure what matters' and provides thickness measurement data from patterned structures that has much stronger correlation to actual device performance. We also explore the impact of deviations in the film stack that can appreciably alter the device performance. One of the key device performance metrics that we will investigate is the leakage current, which is highly sensitive to process variations or defectivity. Measuring both the thickness and the bandgap of the HK dielectric permits excellent correlation with leakage current as determined by electrical testing of the device. The ability to predict electrical parameters effectively will greatly accelerate learning cycles during process development and can enable real time product control on existing inline metrology tools.
EKSKLUSI ATAS NAMA KONSERVASI (Studi Kasus Masyarakat Sekitar/Dalam Kawasan Taman Nasional Ujungkulon Banten)

This paper elaborate on the issue of conservation, agrarian conflict and exclusion communities around / in the conservation area of the National Park Ujungkulon (TNUK) Banten. The issue of paradigm for governance natural resources is the source and root of behavior, policy, and conservation programs are iqnorance of rights, access, control and life space people around / in the conservation area. Then it will be explained why it matters and how exclusion processes occurred, and the reason and what the paradigm, what conditions pushed, contestation actors and interests and how the public response, and how its impact on society in surroundings. This paper concludes with a reflection on the state of denial over its natural resources and agrarian resources themselves.
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in a High School Football Player With Familial Hemiplegic Migraine: A Case Report.

Abstract Mild traumatic brain injury is a major concern in young athletes, with an estimated 1.6-3.8 million reported concussions in the United States annually. Familial hemiplegic migraine is a rare autosomal-dominant condition characterized by sporadic episodes of transient unilateral motor weakness that may begin at any age. We present a case of a 17-year-old boy with a history of familial hemiplegic migraine who suffered prolonged symptoms after a mild traumatic brain injury during sports participation. Level of Evidence V
Monetary Policy and the Copper Price Bust: A Reassessment of the Causes of the Panic of 1907

We find evidence that the runs on banks and trust companies in the Panic of 1907 were linked to the Bank of England’s contractionary monetary policy actions taken in 1906 and 1907 through the medium of copper prices. Results from our VAR models and copper stockpile data support our argument that a copper commodity price channel may have been active in transmitting the Bank’s policy to the New York markets. Archival evidence suggests that the plunge in copper prices may have partially triggered both the initiation and the failure of an attempt to corner the shares of United Copper, and in turn, the bank and trust company runs related to that transaction’s failure. We suggest that the substantial short-term uncertainties accompanying the development of the copper-intensive electrical and telecommunications industries may have also played a role in the sharp drop in copper prices. Additionally, we find evidence that the copper price transmission mechanism was also likely active in five other financial systems that year. While we do not argue that copper caused the 1907 crisis, we suggest that it was an active policy transmission channel amplifying the classic effect that was already spreading through the money market channel. If, as we argue, the bust in copper prices partially provided a trigger to that bank panic, then it provides additional evidence that contractionary monetary policy may have had an unintended, adverse consequence of contributing to a bank panic and, therefore, supports other recent findings that monetary policy deliberations might benefit from considering the policy impact on asset prices.
A Woman's Right to Dignified, Respectful Healthcare During Childbirth: A Review of the Literature on Obstetric Mistreatment

Edited byJanna Lesser, RN, PhDSchool of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USAEdited byJacquelyn H Flaskerud, RN, PhDSchool of Nursing, University of Californ...
A new twist on phonons

Many particles — both fundamental and emergent — carry angular momentum or spin. Experiments have now demonstrated that phonons can transport angular momentum, showing that they may have spin too.
Effect of the Diffusion Barrier on the Magnetic Properties of Practical Nb3Sn Composites

In conventional, bronze-process wire a tantalum barrier has been used to protect stabilizing copper from tin diffusion. Although the practice has been quite successful, considerable research efforts are still being devoted to search for other materials for the barrier; the one that receives the most attention is niobium. The use of niobium would simplify the fabrication process and result in appreciable cost savings in large-scale applications. (This approach was first attempted by AERE Harwell and Rutherford Laboratory, England.1) However, it has been well-recognized that the one major shortcoming of the process that may limit its application is that an unwanted large Nb3Sn shell could be formed that may give rise to additional losses and result in instability.
The Interconnectivity of Trust in Schools

This chapter explores the interrelationships of trust across various role groups in schools, in particular the extent to which faculty trust in principals, colleagues, and clients, parent trust in schools, and student trust in teachers are correlated to one another. In addition, the extent to which this set of interrelated trust variables works in concert as well as independently to explain variance in student achievement at the elementary, middle school, and high school levels is explored. The participants were students, parents, and teachers from 64 elementary, middle, and high schools in one mid-Atlantic state. Implications for practice and leadership preparation are discussed, as well as directions for future research.
Social Skills and Autism: Understanding and Addressing the Deficits

Social behavior is a core deficit area of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Therefore, considerable literature in the ABA field has been developed to address this problem area. Specific behaviors treated and ABA techniques used will be the focus of the chapter. A critical appraisal of current status and future directions will also be provided.
Conclusion: Toward a Transdisciplinary Critical Theory of Film

The conclusion argues that film should be critically situated in the era of escalating crisis called the Anthropocene. Multiple commentaries now available on climate change and related environmental problems cry out for responses from across the arts and sciences to address the emerging human condition. Accordingly, a transdisciplinary and transcontextual critical theory is invoked to bring perspectives from the spectrum of knowledge into the service of human ecology and adaptation. For longer and broader philosophical perspectives, both classical Greek and Buddhist perspectives are recalled to provide a cross-cultural account of the problems of unity and variety, the one and the many, that underlie scientific models as well as artistic representations: the problems of knowledge, reality, and value for our time. The argument recalls the ideas of the prism and the Fibonacci spiral, discussed in Chap. 4, as guiding metaphors to comprehend the myriad ideas that must be brought into focus to negotiate the era. Finally, Lewis Carroll’s Alice at her famous game of croquet is imagined as a further metaphor for the dynamic complexity and artistry required to “play” the game of life in the biosphere—Gaia.
Neonatal Resuscitation and Adaptation Score vs Apgar: newborn assessment and predictive ability.

To test the non-inferiority of an alternative to the Apgar score. The Neonatal Resuscitation and Adaptation Score (NRAS) was recorded in parallel to the Apgar score by a resuscitation team at deliveries. Correlation between the systems was assessed, as well as the predictive ability of NRAS and Apgar scores for mortality or short-term morbidities. A total of 340 infants were in the study group. The two scores correlated strongly (r = 0.87 and 0.83 at 1 and 5 min, respectively). Those needing ventilation at 48 h of life had a 5-min NRAS < 7 in 23/26 vs Apgar < 7 (23/36, p = 0.001). A low (0–3) 1-min NRAS score was more predictive of death, 53% vs 17%, p = 0.0065. NRAS correlates with Apgar status assessment, and identifies newborns who die or may require further care better than the Apgar score.
Effects of depressive symptomatology on cancer-related symptoms during oral oncolytic treatment.

Objective This manuscript assesses association between depressive symptoms and symptoms from cancer and its treatment during the first 12 weeks of a new oral oncolytic treatment. Methods This secondary analysis used data from a recently completed trial of an intervention to improve adherence to oral oncolytic treatment and manage symptoms. Following the initiation of the new oral oncolytic medication, 272 patients were interviewed at intake and weeks 4, 8, and 12 to assess depressive symptoms, and symptoms from cancer and its treatment. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D20). The summed index of 18 cancer-related and treatment-related symptoms as well as the number of symptoms above threshold at intake, weeks 4, 8, and 12 were related to intake and time-varying CES-D20 using linear mixed effects models. Results Depressive symptomatology was a significant predictor of cancer-related and treatment-related symptoms at all-time points, but the strength of this relationship was greatest at the time of oral oncolytic agent initiation and at week 4. The strength of this relationship was the same for both summed symptom severity index and the number of symptoms above threshold, and using either intake or time-varying CES-D20. Conclusion Introducing strategies to treat and manage symptoms of depression along with other symptoms might have added benefits among patients who start a new oral oncolytic treatment and report modest to higher levels of depressive symptoms. Assessments for the impact of strategies to lower depressive symptoms can be taken within the first 4 weeks.
Motion Control of Cable-Driven Rehabilitation Devices with Large Deformation Cables

Robotic rehabilitation devices based on cable-driven parallel manipulator (CDPM) have been proposed and developed by many researchers in the past decade. As rehabilitation devices are usually in direct contact with trainees, safety is paramount for rehabilitation devices. In this paper, an approach is proposed to provide inherent safety for CDPM-based rehabilitation devices using large deformation cables. A motion control strategy for CDPMs with large deformation cables and position-controlling actuators is presented. The motion control strategy is developed based on a third-order system model. It does not require the dynamics model of the cables. The effectiveness of the proposed motion control strategy is verified with motion control simulation of a planar CDPM with large deformation cables. It is shown that the proposed motion control strategy can effectively control the motion of the example CDPM with large deformation cables having various stiffness. What’s more, it can also effectively attenuate the vibration of a CDPM.
Why Congress Intends for Courts to Ignore Some Statutory Text: Congress's Four Statutory Rhetorics

In the field of statutory interpretation, both textualist and intentionalist interpreters commonly share a basic presumption: that every word of a statute is designed to contribute to the statute’s operative legal rule. Put differently, they presume that every statutory word is meant to speak with the force of a command and to address an intended audience that includes the courts. This basic presumption is incorrect, however. In reality, Congress routinely inserts language into statutes that it intends solely for a non-judicial audience – language that Congress hopes courts will ignore. In particular, Congress targets three non-judicial audiences in this way: special interest groups, executive agencies, and nonpartisan offices of Congress. This Article argues that, to the extent courts genuinely do want to act as faithful agents of Congress, they should refrain from interpreting and applying text that Congress intends solely for one of these non-judicial audiences. This is a feasible approach because Congress is only inserting language meant for these non-judicial audiences into specific, identifiable locations in statutes – the most notable of which is locations of statutory redundancy. Interpreters generally view statutory redundancies as the product of sloppy drafting, but Congress views redundancies as strategic opportunities. It sees them as an opportunity to say a single policy in two different ways for two different audiences: one judicial, one non-judicial. In addition to providing practical insight into how interpreters can glean congressional intent from statutory text, this analysis of Congress’s non-operative rhetorics has a host of implications for the field of statutory interpretation. It responds to intentionalists, who too often interpret every congressional expression of intent as an expression of legislative intent – a distinction that leads to new theories about the weight that should be attributed to statutory text, appropriations committee reports, and CBO cost estimates, among other sources. It responds to textualists, observing that many canons of construction advanced by these interpreters should be modified or discarded when there is evidence that the statutory text at issue uses non-legislative rhetoric. It rebuts textualist claims regarding the extent to which statutory “meaning” can be understood in isolation from any analysis of authorial intent or statutory audience. And it responds to claims made by public choice theorists, as it shows that legislators are attempting to negotiate a world of interest group politics in a way that still allows them, at least around the margins, to create spaces in which to engage in good governance.
Beyond the Slave Narrative: Politics, Sex, and Manuscripts in the Haitian Revolution

The Haitian Revolution has generated responses from commentators in fields ranging from philosophy to historiography to twentieth-century literary and artistic studies. But what about the written work produced at the time, by Haitians? This book is the first to present an account of a specifically Haitian literary tradition in the Revolutionary era. Beyond the Slave Narrative shows the emergence of two strands of textual innovation, both evolving from the new revolutionary consciousness: the remarkable political texts produced by Haitian revolutionary leaders Toussaint Louverture and Jean-Jacques Dessalines, and popular Creole poetry from anonymous courtesans in Saint-Domingue's libertine culture. These textual forms, though they differ from each other, both demonstrate the increasing cultural autonomy and literary voice of non-white populations in the colony at the time of revolution. Unschooled generals and courtesans, long presented as voiceless, are at last revealed to be legitimate speakers and authors.These Haitian French and Creole texts have been neglected as a foundation of Afro-diasporic literature by former slaves in the Atlantic world for two reasons: because they do not fit the generic criteria of the slave narrative (which is rooted in the autobiographical experience of enslavement); and because they are mediated texts, relayed to the print-cultural Atlantic domain not by the speakers themselves, but by secretaries or refugee colonists. These texts challenge how we think about authorial voice, writing, print culture, and cultural autonomy in the context of the formerly enslaved, and demand that we reassess our historical understanding of the Haitian Independence and its relationship to an international world of contemporary readers.
Ocular Cosmetics: Public Safety Problem or Harmless Products?

PURPOSE This perspective explores the safety profile of ocular cosmetics and explores the role ophthalmologists can play in mitigating potential ocular harm from unsafe products. METHODS N/A. RESULTS Cosmetics and personal care products represent a large industry that is currently unregulated in any meaningful way. Products intended for use around the eyes carry a risk of serious side effects including contact dermatitis and bacterial infection. Currently, legislation has been proposed to change regulation to provide more meaningful oversight of cosmetics. CONCLUSIONS Ophthalmologists are often the first to recognize patterns in harmful products intended for use around the eye and can help mitigate potential future ocular harm by reporting adverse events to the Food and Drug Administration and by advocating for cosmetic regulation change.
How the Amount and Spacing of Retrieval Practice Affect the Short- and Long-Term Retention of Mathematics Knowledge

Retrieving information from memory increases the likelihood the information will be remembered later. The strategic use of retrieval to enhance memory is known as retrieval practice. Teachers can exert considerable control over students’ retrieval practice, dictating when and how much students practice. Laboratory research has shown that retention benefits from increasing the amount of practice (i.e., the number of times information is retrieved) and from spacing practice out over time. Although retrieval practice is a prominent part of the learning experience in certain educational domains, such as mathematics, relatively little research has examined how retention of actual classroom content is affected by increasing the amount and spacing of retrieval practice. Here, we implemented a complete within-subjects crossing of practice amount (baseline versus increased) and practice spacing (baseline versus increased) in a precalculus course for engineering students. Practice consisted of answering quiz questions. We assessed retention of precalculus knowledge at two educationally relevant time points: the end of the precalculus course (within-semester) and the beginning of a calculus course 4 weeks later (across-semester). Within-semester retention benefited significantly from practicing more and from spacing out practice, although some evidence suggested that the effect of amount of practice was less robust than the effect of spacing. Across-semester retention benefited exclusively from increasing spacing. Given that retaining precalculus knowledge across semesters is crucial for success in higher-level mathematics, these findings support increasing spacing in real-world mathematics education. We discuss how our findings fit within the larger literature on the memory-enhancing effects of retrieval practice.
Reductive silylation of uranyl mediated by iminosemiquinone ligands

Abstract Stoichiometric silylation of the uranyl species, (dippisq)2UO2THF, which features two reduced iminosemiquinone ligands, is reported. These ligand radicals facilitate the reduction of uranium 6+ to 4+, which is accompanied by silylation of the uranyl moiety with two equivalents of Me3SiBr and release of the oxidized ligand. The intermediate, (Me3SiO)2UBr2(OPPh3)2, is isolated prior to U–O bond cleavage by further addition of Me3SiBr, producing UBr4(OPPh3)2. U–O bond scission can also be performed in a one-pot reaction, by treating (dippisq)2UO2THF with Me2SiCl2, forming UCl4(OPPh3)2 and polymeric silyl products, (O SiMe2)n, with concomitant loss of oxidized ligand. In each case, isotopic 18O labeling experiments highlight the incorporation of the uranyl oxygen atoms into the resulting siloxanes released in the reactions.
Assessment for Perioperative Hyperglycemia Prior to Total Joint Replacement in Patients With and Without Diabetes

This cohort study examines rates of screening for hyperglycemia before total joint replacement among Medicare enrollees with and without diabetes.
Enhancing the R‐ISS classification of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma by quantifying circulating clonal plasma cells

Our prior studies identified the prognostic significance of quantifying cPCs by multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients. We evaluated if a similar quantification of cPCs could add prognostic value to the current R-ISS classification of 556 consecutive NDMM patients seen at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester from 2009 to 2017. Those patients that had ≥5 cPCs/μL and either R-ISS stage I or stage II disease were re-classified as R-ISS IIB stage for the purposes of this study. The median time to next therapy (TTNT) and overall survival (OS) for patients with ≥5 cPCs/μL at diagnosis was as follows: R-ISS I (N = 110) - 40 months and not reached; R-ISS II (N = 69) - 30 and 72 months; R-ISS IIB (N = 96) - 21 and 45 months and R-ISS III (N = 281) - 20 and 47 months respectively. Finally, ≥ 5 cPCs/μL retained its adverse prognostic significance in a multivariable model for TTNT and OS. Hence, quantifying cPCs by MFC can potentially enhance the R-ISS classification of a subset of NDMM patients with stage I and II disease by identifying those patients with a worse than expected survival outcome.
Création, imagination et sens esthétique

Au siecle du capitalisme organisateur (de la politique, de l’economie et de la technologie), les symboles humains, la creation artistique et le sens esthetique sont sous assistance respiratoire. C’est bien les logiques commerciales et de la financiarisation de l’art qui leur administrent une perfusion. Le moteur du sens esthetique est ainsi dans une relative heteronomie. C’est justement parce qu’il est possible de mettre des grains de sable dans ce « moteur esthetique, fille du capitalisme », qu’il faut resister a cet enlaidissement de la vie en mettant en question — sous plusieurs angles et de maniere repetitive — le fonctionnalisme qui envahit « la dimension esthetique » de l’homme a travers l’exploitation de son attention et de son imaginaire. Dans cette recreation du sens esthetique, l’objet d’art y aura un autre statut. Il nous forcera a un deplacement des regards, de l’objet vers le travail sur l’objet, de l’objet comme produit aux conditions de production qui renseignent et sur le travailleur et sur ses conditions de travail. Un regard qui depasse la materialite de l’objet avec sa commercialisation possible vers ce que cet objet prometou ne promet pas, vers ce que cet objet communique ou empeche de communiquer. Il faut restituer a l’objet d’art cet aura (comme le disait Walter Benjamin) qui lui est toujours enleve par la culture de masse qui peut agacer avec ses raccourcis, ses petites connivences, ses consecrations calculees, ses marches organises, ses grand-messes culturelles et son dedain de tout ce qui ne rentre pas dans la comptabilite. Le sens esthetique sera ainsi un travail sur les motivations du Sujet, les complications de son imaginaire, ses utopies ainsi que sur le statut de l’objet d’art qui pointe du doigt nos vies… si compliquees.
Fatty acid composition and N2 solubility in triacylglycerol-rich adipose tissue: the likely importance of intact molecular structure.

Diving tetrapods (sea turtles, seabirds, marine mammals) are a biologically diverse group; yet, all are under similar constraints: oxygen limitation and increased hydrostatic pressure at depth. Adipose tissue is important in the context of diving because nitrogen gas (N2) is 5 times more soluble in fat than in blood, creating a potential N2 sink in diving animals. Previous research demonstrates that unusual lipid composition (waxes and short chained fatty acids [FA]) in adipose tissue of some whales leads to increased N2 solubility. We evaluated the N2 solubility of adipose tissue from 12 species of diving tetrapods lacking these unusual lipids to explore whether solubility in this tissue can be linked to lipid structure. Across all taxonomic groups, the same 8 FA accounted for 70–80% of the entire lipid profile; almost all adipose tissues were dominated by monounsaturated FA (40.2 – 67.4 mol%). However, even with consistent FA profiles, there was considerable variability in N2 solubility, ranging from 0.051±0.003 to 0.073±0.004 ml N2 ml−1 oil. Interestingly, differences in N2 solubility could not be attributed to taxonomic group (P=0.06) or FA composition (P>0.10). These results lead to two main conclusions: 1) in TAG - only adipose tissues, the FA pool itself may not have a strong influence on N2 solubility; 2) samples with similar FA profiles can have different N2 solubility values, suggesting that 3D arrangement of individual FA within a TAG molecule may have important roles in determining N2 solubility.
An experimental evaluation of blockage effects on the wake of a cross-flow current turbine

While flow confinement, or blockage, is known to affect current turbine performance and wake evolution, there have been limited experimental investigations of the wake evolution of cross-flow turbines under variable confinement. In this study, velocity data were collected in the near wake of a laboratory-scale (0.51 m diameter) cross-flow turbine under two different blockage conditions. To isolate the effects of blockage, other parameters that affect turbine performance, such as the Reynolds number, Froude number, turbine submergence depth, and free-stream turbulence intensity, were held constant. The turbine was operated at the tip-speed ratio corresponding to peak power for each blockage case. Increasing the blockage caused faster streamwise flow speeds through and around the turbine, a decreased overall wake size, higher levels of turbulent kinetic energy in the wake, and an increased viscous dissipation rate. This suggests that higher blockage could increase the power output and reduce the physical footprint of current turbine arrays. However, these benefits must be weighed against the potential for high blockage arrays to reduce a turbine’s “basin efficiency”, which is influenced by how thrust changes with blockage. Furthermore, we observed that decreasing the width of the experimental channel while holding the depth constant decreased the extent of the wake in the lateral direction only. The wake was unaffected in the vertical direction, which suggests that lateral and vertical blockages have independent effects on turbine wakes. Consistent with prior studies, we also observed significant wake mixing in the vertical (i.e., spanwise) direction and negligible wake mixing in the lateral direction for both blockage conditions.
Mechanism of C-type inactivation in the hERG potassium channel

The fast C-type inactivation displayed by the voltage-activated potassium channel hERG plays a critical role in the repolarization of cardiac cells, and malfunction caused by nonspecific binding of drugs or naturally occurring missense mutations affecting inactivation can lead to pathologies. Because of its impact on human health, understanding the molecular mechanism of C-type inactivation in hERG represents an advance of paramount importance. Here, long-time scale molecular dynamics simulations, free energy landscape calculations, and electrophysiological experiments are combined to address the structural and functional impacts of several disease-associated mutations. Results suggest that C-type inactivation in hERG is associated with an asymmetrical constricted-like conformation of the selectivity filter, identifying F627 side-chain rotation and the hydrogen bond between Y616 and N629 as key determinants. Comparison of hERG with other K+ channels suggests that C-type inactivation depends on the degree of opening of the intracellular gate via the filter-gate allosteric coupling.
The Many-Body Expansion for Aqueous Systems Revisited: II. Alkali Metal and Halide Ion-Water Interactions.

We present a detailed study of the many-body expansion (MBE) for alkali metal and halide ion-water interactions and quantify the effect of these ions on the strength of the surrounding aqueous hydrogen bonding environment. Building on our previous work on neutral water clusters [J. P. Heindel and S. S. Xantheas, J. Chem. Theor. Comput.16 (11), 6843-6855 (2020)], we carry out the MBE for the alkali metal and halide ion-water clusters, Z+/-(H2O)9, where Z = Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, F-, Cl-, Br-, and I- and compare them with the results for a pure water cluster with the same number of "bodies", viz., (H2O)10. The 2-B ion-water (I-W) interaction accounts for a larger percentage of the total cluster binding energy compared to a pure water cluster of the same size, with the total 3-B term being smaller and of opposite sign (repulsive), whereas higher order terms are essentially negligible. The same oscillating behavior around zero for the MBE terms higher than the 5-B with a basis set that was reported for water clusters is also observed for the ion-water clusters considered here, with the basis set superposition error (BSSE) corrections amending this as in the water cluster case. A remarkable, linear anticorrelation between the total 2-B (I-W), the total 2-B (W-W), and also the 3-B (W-W-W) interactions is found, quantifying the effect of the different ions in disrupting and altering (weakening) the neighboring hydrogen bonded water network: stronger (I-W) interactions result in weaker (W-W) interactions. Additional linear correlations across the two series of alkali metals and halide ions were found between the 3-B (I-W-W) and the 2-B (I-W) as well as between the 3-B (I-W-W) and the 3-B (W-W-W) interactions, suggesting the existence of previously unrealized underlying physics governing these 2-B intermolecular and 3-B collective interactions. Our results further suggest a universal behavior of the two different families of ions (alkali metals and halides) for both the correlations of the various components of the total binding energies and the estimate of the 2-B BSSE correction, which is reported to follow a common profile for ion-water and water-water interactions when cast in terms of reduced distances and energies of the respective dimers. We expect the current results that quantify the interplay between ion-water and water-water interactions in aqueous clusters to impact the development of classical, ab initio-based force fields for monatomic ion solvation, whereas the insights into the nature of the BSSE to be critical in future ab initio-based, many-body molecular dynamics studies.