cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA-155 enhances T-cell trafficking and antiviral effector function in a model of coronavirus-induced neurologic disease

Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that modulate cellular gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. These molecules are becoming increasingly recognized as important in helping tailor T-cell responses following viral infection. We therefore sought to examine the functional role of miR-155 in a model of viral-induced demyelination. Intracranial injection with the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV) results in an acute encephalomyelitis followed by an immune-mediated demyelinating disease. Compared to wild-type mice, JHMV-infected mice deficient in miR-155 ( miR-155 −/− ) developed delayed but exacerbated disease concomitant with increased morbidity/mortality, weight loss, and spinal cord demyelination. In addition, miR-155 −/− mice had decreased total and virus-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell accumulation within the CNS during the acute phase of disease. Furthermore, IFN-γ and TNF-α production, as well as and cytolytic function, were impaired in CD8 + cells from miR-155 −/− mice. These results identify miR-155 as a key mediator of disease development and recovery in a model of virus-induced neurological disease.
Metal Recovery Using Oxalate Chemistry: A Technical Review

Energy-efficient metal recovery and separation processes from a mixture of valuable metals are vital to the metallurgy and recycling industries. Oxalate has been identified as a sustainable reagent...
Investigating Stochastic Resonance to Enhance the Resolution of CCD-based Thermoreflectance Imaging

Thermoreflectance imaging is a high-resolution imaging technique, which employs a 4-bucket algorithm that averages over many sample modulation periods. We develop a model of measurement noise to optimize stochastic resonance of the averaging process.
Teaching safe coding via comparative languages

We recently taught a Special Projects course aimed at introducing students into writing safe code - code that would be robust and reliable in embedded or real-time applications. This paper is a synopsis of the experiences learned developing and teaching this course.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with normal left atrial pressure undergoing transcatheter mitral valve repair

Objective A subset of patients at the time of transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) will have normal left atrial pressure (LAP) ( Methods A single-centre retrospective cohort of consecutive patients who underwent transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve clip and continuous LAP monitoring between 5/1/2014 and 5/1/2018 was analysed. One-year mortality was compared by Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify predictors of normal LAP and 1 year mortality. Results Of the 204 patients undergoing TMVR, 65% were men and the mean age was 81. Of these patients, 31 (15%) had normal LAP (mean LAP 10.5 mm Hg, mean V wave 16.5 mm Hg) and 173 had elevated LAP (mean LAP 19 mm Hg, mean V wave 32.5 mm Hg). The prevalence of severe MR was not different between groups, although the normal LAP group had significantly lower effective regurgitant orifice area and regurgitant volume. Other notable baseline characteristics including prior cardiac surgery, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, body mass index, mechanism of MR and ejection fraction were similar between groups. However, there was an increased prevalence of chronic lung disease (CLD) (45.2% vs 17.3%, p Conclusion Normal LAP at the time of TMVR is associated with a higher incidence of CLD which independently predicts increased 1-year mortality. In patients with CLD and apparently severe MR, measurement of LAP may help identify those with lower likelihood of benefit from TMVR.
Contrasting conventional and machine learning approaches to optical critical dimension measurements

Accurate, optics-based measurement of feature sizes at deep sub-wavelength dimensions has been conventionally challenged by improved manufacturing, including smaller linewidths, denser layouts, and greater materials complexity at near-atomic scales. Electromagnetic modeling is relied upon heavily for forward maps used to solve the inverse problem of optical measurements for parametric estimation. Machine learning (ML) approaches are continually under consideration, either as a means to bypass direct comparison to simulation or as a method to augment nonlinear regression. In this work, ML approaches are investigated using a well-characterized experimental data set and its simulation library that assumes a 2-D geometry. The benefits and limitations of ML for optical critical dimension (OCD) metrology are illustrated by comparing a straightforward library lookup method and two ML approaches, a data-driven surrogate model for nonlinear regression using radial basis functions (RBF) and multiple-output Gaussian process regression (GPR) that indirectly applies the simulated intensity data. Both RBF and GPR generally improve accuracy over the conventional method with as few as 32 training points. However, as measurement noise is decreased the uncertainties from RBF and GPR differ greatly as the GPR posterior estimate of the variance appears to overestimate parametric uncertainties. Both accuracy and uncertainty must be addressed in OCD while balancing simulation versus ML computational requirements.
Transcriptional changes in muscle of hibernating arctic ground squirrels (Urocitellus parryii): implications for attenuation of disuse muscle atrophy

Physical inactivity generates muscle atrophy in most mammalian species. In contrast, hibernating mammals demonstrate limited muscle loss over the prolonged intervals of immobility during winter, which suggests that they have adaptive mechanisms to reduce disuse muscle atrophy. To identify transcriptional programs that underlie molecular mechanisms attenuating muscle loss, we conducted a large-scale gene expression profiling in quadriceps muscle of arctic ground squirrels, comparing hibernating (late in a torpor and during torpor re-entry after arousal) and summer active animals using next generation sequencing of the transcriptome. Gene set enrichment analysis showed a coordinated up-regulation of genes involved in all stages of protein biosynthesis and ribosome biogenesis during both stages of hibernation that suggests induction of translation during interbout arousals. Elevated proportion of down-regulated genes involved in apoptosis, NFKB signaling as well as significant under expression of atrogenes, upstream regulators (FOXO1, FOXO3, NFKB1A), key components of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (FBXO32, TRIM63, CBLB), and overexpression of PPARGC1B inhibiting proteolysis imply suppression of protein degradation in muscle during arousals. The induction of protein biosynthesis and decrease in protein catabolism likely contribute to the attenuation of disuse muscle atrophy through prolonged periods of immobility of hibernation.
Pseudostrabismus in the First Year of Life and the Subsequent Diagnosis of Strabismus.

Purpose To report the population-based birth prevalence of pseudostrabismus in the first year of life and the subsequent diagnosis of strabismus. Design Retrospective population-based cohort study. Methods All residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota ≤1 year old diagnosed with pseudostrabismus from January 1, 2005 through December 31, 2014, were identified using a medical record linkage system that captures virtually all medical care provided in a single Midwestern United States county population. The birth prevalence of pseudostrabismus and the subsequent diagnosis of strabismus were assessed. Results A total of 184 infants were diagnosed with pseudostrabismus during the 10-year study period, which yielded a birth prevalence of 1 in 113 children in the first year of life. There were 165 (89.7%) infants initially diagnosed by a non-ophthalmology care provider (NOCP) and confirmed by an ophthalmologist, 13 (7.1%) patients were diagnosed by an ophthalmologist alone, and 6 (3.3%) patients were diagnosed by a NOCP alone. Eighty-eight (49.4%) infants had at least 1 follow-up visit with an ophthalmologist, and the median follow-up time from pseudostrabismus diagnosis to the last health care visit that included an eye examination was 7.7 years (interquartile range: 5.8 years). Nine (4.9%) of the 184 infants were subsequently diagnosed with strabismus at a mean age of 4.5 years (range: 1.3 to 8.7 years) (7 with esotropia and 2 with exotropia). Conclusion Pseudostrabismus is a relatively frequent diagnosis in the first year of life. The prevalence of strabismus among infants with pseudostrabismus in this cohort was lower than those in previous reports and similar to strabismus rates reported in the same population.
Rethinking Flu Vaccine Messaging.

In “Parental Hesitancy About Routine Childhood and Influenza Vaccinations: A National Survey,” Kempe et al1 investigated parental attitudes regarding vaccines. They queried a representative sample of parents using a modified survey that was devised by the World Health Organization. Half of the >4000 parents surveyed responded. Six percent were hesitant about the receipt of routine vaccinations and 26% were hesitant about the receipt of influenza vaccines; however, a similar proportion of participants (39%) had vaccine safety concerns. More participants strongly agreed that routine vaccines were effective (70%) when compared to influenza (26%). The study results are likely generalizable because they originated from a nationally representative sample and measured vaccine hesitancy by using a validated scoring system. One limitation of the survey was its online-only administration, which potentially eliminated parents without Internet access. Why are parents so hesitant about influenza vaccines? The authors propose that it is the result of yearly reports of low vaccine effectiveness from surveillance networks and the withdrawal of the live attenuated vaccine for poor effectiveness several years ago. Additionally, more than one-third of parents have vaccine safety … Address correspondence to Kathryn Edwards, MD, Medical Center North D 7221, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37232. E-mail: kathryn.edwards{at}vumc.org
Can AI outperform a junior resident? Comparison of deep neural network to first-year radiology residents for identification of pneumothorax.

To (1) develop a deep learning system (DLS) using a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) for identification of pneumothorax, (2) compare its performance to first-year radiology residents, and (3) evaluate the ability of a DLS to augment radiology residents by detecting missed pneumothoraces. This was a retrospective study performed in September 2018. We obtained 112,120 chest radiographs (CXRs) from the NIH ChestXray14 database, of which 4360 cases (4%) were labeled as pneumothorax by natural language processing. We utilized 111,518 CXRs to train and validate the ResNet-152 DCNN pretrained on ImageNet to identify pneumothorax. DCNN testing was performed on a hold-out set of 602 CXRs, whose groundtruth was determined by a cardiothoracic radiologist. Two first-year radiology residents evaluated the test CXRs for presence of pneumothorax. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for each evaluator with area under the curve (AUC) compared using the DeLong parametric method. The DCNN achieved AUC of 0.841 for identification of pneumothorax at a rate of 1980 images/min. In contrast, both first-year residents achieved significantly higher AUCs of 0.942 and 0.905 (p 1000× as fast and identified 3 additional pneumothoraces missed by the residents. Our findings suggest that DLS could augment radiologists-in-training to identify potential urgent findings.
An unusual presentation of recurrent T cell lymphoma: angiocentric pattern of cutaneous uptake on [18F]FDG PET/CT

Imam MH, Shenoy PJ, Flowers CR, Phillips A, Lechowicz MJ. Incidence and survival patterns of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas in the United States. Leuk Lymphoma. 2013;54:752–9. Article Google Scholar Haverkos BM, Pan Z, Gru AA, Freud AG, Rabinovitch R, Xu-Welliver M, et al. Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL-NT): an update on epidemiology, clinical presentation, and natural history in North American and European cases. Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 2016;11:514–27. Article Google Scholar Abouyabis AN, Shenoy PJ, Lechowicz MJ, Flowers CR. Incidence and outcomes of the peripheral T-cell lymphoma subtypes in the United States. Leuk Lymphoma. 2008;49:2099–107. Article Google Scholar Download references Kip E. Guja, Ryanne Brown and Brad Girod contributed equally to this work. Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA Kip E. Guja, Hong Song, Caitlyn Harrison, Benjamin L. Franc, Farshad Moradi, Guido Davidzon, Andrei Iagaru & Carina Mari Aparici Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA Ryanne Brown School of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA Brad Girod You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar Correspondence to Carina Mari Aparici. All authors declare no conflicts of interest. Given that the patient is deceased, informed consent could not be obtained. Accordingly, the case description has been anonymized to protect the patient’s identity. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This article is part of the Topical Collection on Image of the month Reprints and Permissions Guja, K.E., Brown, R., Girod, B. et al. An unusual presentation of recurrent T cell lymphoma: angiocentric pattern of cutaneous uptake on [18F]FDG PET/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-020-05026-z Download citation Received: 15 July 2020 Accepted: 31 August 2020 Published: 12 September 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-020-05026-z
Designing for and Identifying Plural Goals in a Science Museum Game Exhibit

Science museums are often interactive spaces where a variety of visitors engage with exhibits in diverse ways. While trying to support participants? behavior in ways that make intuitive sense for these behaviors in a museum context, these exhibits need to support interests and participation in forms that are meaningfully diverse - to make domains accessible to learners belonging to groups minoritized in those domains. In this paper, we present an interactive computational thinking exhibit designed to foster a multiplicity of goals and participatory behaviors. We also present preliminary analysis on how we can use play data to delineate the pursuit of different goals mediated through different pursuits. We also find care to be a uniquely valuable aesthetic motivator in gameplay, often overlooked in common design frameworks - with potential to expand perspectives on computing and combat inequity among computing learners.
Screen Printed Silver/Carbon Composite Strain Gauge on a TPU Platform for Wearable Applications

A printed strain gauge based on silver/carbon composite was successfully fabricated and characterized for strain monitoring applications. The silver-carbon (Ag/C) composite ink was prepared by blending 81% wt. of silver with 19% wt. of carbon ink. The strain gauge was fabricated by screen printing Ag/C composite ink on a flexible and stretchable thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) substrate in a meandering pattern to achieve a desired resistance of $\sim 350 \Omega$. The capability of the printed strain gauge to detect varying strains ranging from 0% to 5% was investigated. It was observed that the strain gauge had a linear response till 2.5% strain. At 2.5% of tensile strain a relative resistive change of 7.8% and a gauge factor of 3.1 was observed. However, as the strain increased beyond 2.5% the strain gauge had a non-linear response. It was observed that at a tensile strain of 5%, the strain gauge had a maximum relative resistive change of 285.6% resulting in 57.2 gauge factor. The results demonstrate that a screen-printed Ag/C composite ink-based strain gauge with on a TPU substrate can be utilized for strain monitoring. The electromechanical response of the fabricated strain gauge as a function of resistance is investigated and presented in this paper.
Socialism and Empire: Labor Mobility, Racial Capitalism, and the Political Theory of Migration:

This essay brings together political theories of empire and racial capitalism to clarify the entanglements between socialist and imperial discourse at the turn of the twentieth century. I show that...
Designing Authentic Online Courses Intra- and Post-Pandemic

The forced modality transition to online learning created panic and concern about the quality of education received by students worldwide. While e-learning and distance learning are not new practices, most faculty did not have the training or resources for the appropriate design of online courses to promote student success. The pandemic pedagogy created by COVID-19 placed students and faculty into an unfamiliar online realm filled with uncertainty, technology failures, and equity issues. This chapter will review the design of authentic online courses amid a pandemic through a brief case study of an institution given three days to transition to online learning and the challenges faced by faculty and limited staff in the Office of the Online Campus. The transition from a lecture-based in-person course to a fully online course with social distancing is challenging, though faculty and students can excel in the course through proper design and pedagogy.
The catalyst for change in teaching and assessing virtual laboratory skills

Abstract Introduction Historically, pharmacy skills laboratory courses have primarily been delivered utilizing in-person instruction; however, changes in methods of healthcare delivery serve as a catalyst to consider best practices for virtual learning in the skills laboratory setting. Perspective Shifting to a virtual delivery method is valuable for future curriculum and course development. Three specific delivery methods including flipped classroom, virtual formative simulations, and telehealth objective structured clinical examinations, provide examples of the opportunities and challenges instructors may encounter when shifting delivery methods. Furthermore, the examples illuminate the need to deliberately incorporate virtual technology into pharmacy skills laboratory courses to ensure students are practice-ready for the changing methods of delivery in the healthcare environment. Implications Skills laboratory instructors and students must reimagine how patient care skills can be taught and assessed. It is imperative to reassess priorities and adapt skills-based courses to incorporate the virtual learning environment to prepare student pharmacists for future practice.
INDUSTRIAL DISPERSION IN THE SOVIET UNION: AN APPLICATION OF ENTROPY MEASURES

Industrial dispersion across the republics of the USSR between 1926 and 1974 is described through the use of entropy measures. Ostensibly, a set of location principles would guide such dispersion, and several of them stress regional equalization as an important consideration in locating industry. Therefore, trends in regional inequality (in industrialization) are investigated through the use of inequality statistics derived from entropy measures at three different spatial scales. Between 1926 and 1960, inequality among the republics decreased, but has increased between 1960 and 1974. However, inequality has decreased between the economic regions of the USSR between 1940 and 1975, and at the oblast level, there has been a tendency toward greater equality (homogeneity) within each economic region or republic since 1960. In attempting to account for these diverse trends, it is suggested that they are largely the result of the priority of efficiency considerations in location decisions rather than those of re...
Prospects and challenges for developing corporate sukuk and bond markets© International Monetary Fund.

Purpose – This paper aims to present a case study on how to develop financial markets in one of the emerging economies of the MENA region – Kuwait.Design/methodology/approach – The analysis proceeds in two steps: first, the need for developing and deepening these markets is established; second, the impediments curtailing market development are identified and discussed.Findings – It is argued that Kuwait currently faces a valuable window of opportunity to build up further its sukuk and bond markets. The paper also assesses the prospects for the emergence of a regional financial market across GCC countries.Originality/value – Besides the direct policy recommendations provided for Kuwait, given the similarities with other emerging economies, the lessons learned from this study may be relevant to other countries in the MENA region.
Rules, commitment, and the search for stable money: A review essay

Political economists have always criticized existing monetary institutions and struggled to articulate a vision of an ideal monetary system. The volume under review, The Search for Stable Money: Essays on Monetary Reform, edited by James A. Dorn and Anna J. Schwartz (University of Chicago Press, 1987), stands firmly in this tradition; it addresses the shortcomings of modern monetary institutions and debates the merits of various alternative arrangements. The volume consists of nineteen essays and a number of short comments. Among the contributors are three Nobel prize winners (Buchanan, Friedman, and Hayekthough Buchanan simply comments on Bernholz). Generally speaking, the essayists disapprove of the virtually unlimited discretion invested in the Federal Reserve: they argue that discretion leads to unnecessarily high and variable rates of inflation. The essayists also agree that the solution ought to take the form of a change in the political rules which would have the effect of limiting government control over the monetary system, Beyond this there is no consensus. The contributors consider money growth rules, the gold standard, a proposal for a compensated dollar, and competitive currency systems, but often find one another's proposals as objectionable as the status quo. The essays in this volume are about five years old; with the exception of the introductory piece by James Dorn, each was originally published elsewhere. Most originally appeared in the Cato Journal in 1983. Sometimes the age of the essays shows. Careful analysis of Federal Reserve policy in 1981-82 was no doubt of topical interest when the essays were written, but is less so now.
Along‐Strike Variation in the Aleutian Island Arc: Genesis of High Mg# Andesite and Implications for Continental Crust

Based on a compilation of whole rock geochemistry for approximately 1100 lava samples and 200 plutonic rock samples from the Aleutian island arc, we characterize along-strike variation, including data for the western part of the arc which has recently become available. We concentrate on the observation that western Aleutian, high Mg# andesite compositions bracket the composition of the continental crust. Isotope data show that this is not due to recycling of terrigenous sediments. Thus, the western Aleutians can provide insight into genesis of juvenile continental crust. The composition of primitive magmas (molar Mg# > 0.6) varies systematically along the strike of the arc. Concentrations of SiO 2 , Na 2 O and perhaps K 2 O increase from east to west, while MgO, FeO, CaO decrease. Thus, primitive magmas in the central and eastern Aleutians (east of 174°W) are mainly basalts, while those in the western Aleutians are mainly andesites. Along-strike variation in Aleutian magma compositions may be related to a westward decrease in sediment input, and/or to the westward decrease in down-dip subduction velocity. 206 Pb/ 204 Pb, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb, 208 Pb /204 Pb and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr all decrease from east to west, whereas 143 Nd/ 144 Nd increases from east to west. These data, together with analyses of sediment from DSDP Site 183, indicate that the proportion of recycled sediment in Aleutian magmas decreases from east to west. Some proposed trace element signatures of sediment recycling in arc magmas do not vary systematically along the strike of the Aleutians, and do not correlate with radiogenic isotope variations. Thus, for example, Th/Nb and fractionation-corrected K concentration in Aleutian lavas are not related to the flux of subducting sediment. Th/La is strongly correlated with Ba/La, rendering it doubtful that Ba/La is a proxy for an aqueous fluid component derived from subducted basalt. Ce/Pb > 4 is common in Aleutian lavas west of 174°W, in lavas with MORB-like Pb, Sr and Nd isotope ratios, and is also found behind the main arc trend in the central Aleutians. Thus, Ce/Pb in Aleutian lavas with MORB-like isotope ratios is not always low, and may be affected by a component derived from partial melting of subducted basalt in eclogite facies. Enriched, primitive andesites, with high Sr/Y, steep REE patterns, and low Yb and Y, are an important lava type in the Aleutians west of 174°W. High Sr/Y and Dy/Yb, indicative of abundant garnet in the source of melting, are correlated with major element systematics. Lavas with a garnet signature have high SiO 2 , Na 2 O and K 2 O.
Teaching data communications and computer networks: a course description

This paper describes the contents, requirements, and pedagogy of a course in data communica­ tions and computer networks. This course deals with subjects of importance to business, industry, and governmental agencies. The diversity and complexity of issues necessitates a diversified yet comprehensive approach to present­ ing the material to the students as well as to designing the course requirements. These requirements are exhibited in a variety of assignments designed to sharpen the skills of the students in the subjects of data communications and computer networks. The paper details the types and contents of the required as­ signments.
Low-density lipoprotein transport in blood vessel walls of squirrel monkeys

Transmural accumulations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were examined in the blood vessel walls of four squirrel monkeys. Vascular wall concentrations of LDL were measured using quantitative autoradiography after 125I-labeled LDL circulation for 30 min. Profiles of relative tissue concentration from different sections in the same region were similar to each other, and there was little animal-to-animal variation. Concentrations were highest near the luminal endothelium, lower near the medial-adventitial border, and lowest within the media. Profiles from different regions fell into three groups: 1) aortic samples had steep intimal concentration gradients and near-zero media concentrations; 2) the iliac, femoral, popliteal, and common carotid arteries had higher intimal concentrations than group 1 but had similar concentrations deep within the media; and 3) the cerebral and coronary arteries, inferior vena cava, and pulmonary artery had intimal concentrations that were similar to group 2, but the concentrations deep within the media were greater than either groups 1 or 2. Arterial bifurcation profiles from the inner wall and the outer walls were similar to each other and to profiles from the upstream and downstream areas. Out of 280 total sites examined, 15 examples of profiles with substantially increased concentrations near the luminal endothelium were found scattered throughout the cardiovascular system, demonstrating that there are focal regions throughout the cardiovascular system which have greatly increased 125I-LDL transendothelial permeability.
Emmanuel Saez: 2009 John Bates Clark Medalist

Emmanuel Saez, winner of the 2009 John Bates Clark Medal, has distinguished himself by making fundamental contributions concerning critical theoretical and empirical issues within the field of public economics. He is one of those exceptional scholars whose work reflects a broad and thoroughly integrated vision. In carefully and creatively implementing that vision, he has led a remarkable resurgence of interest in tax policy research over the last decade. Emmanuel's work can be divided into five areas: the theory of optimal taxes and transfers; the measurement of income and wealth distributions; the measurement of behavioral responses to personal taxation; the taxation of corporate dividends; and retirement saving. A great deal of his work is closely interrelated across these topics, which makes the whole considerably greater than the sum of the parts. In effect, he has bridged the chasm between theory and practical policymaking by attacking the policy design problem from both sides at once. This article provides a survey of Emmanuel's work.
Central angiotensin II stimulates arteriolar vasomotion in conscious hamsters.

The effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of 10 ng angiotensin II (ANG II) on mean arteriolar diameter and spontaneous arteriolar vasomotion were studied in subcutaneous tissue of conscious, restrained hamsters, using the skin fold window chamber preparation. Angiotensin II caused a significant decrease in mean arteriolar diameter which was associated with a significant elevation in the amplitude of vasomotion. The frequency of vasomotion did not change significantly. The central ANG II-induced effects on arteriolar vasomotion were not significantly altered by continuous intravenous (iv) infusion of hexamethonium (1 mg · kg−1 · min−1). In contrast, iv bolus injection of the vascular vasopressin receptor antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP (10 μg · kg−1) 5 min prior to icv injection of ANG II significantly attenuated the effects of the neuropeptide on mean arteriolar diameter and the amplitude of vasomotion. These data indicate that central ANG II stimulation enhances arteriolar vasomotion in peripheral subcutaneous tissue of conscious hamsters and that this effect may be mediated by release of vasopressin.
Assessing the relationship between health utilities, quality of life, and health services use in Alzheimer's disease.

Objectives To examine the relationship between use of multiple health services and health utilities, quality of life and other factors in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Design Data were obtained via caregiver proxy at baseline and 3- 6- and 9-months post-random assignment among 421 community-dwelling AD patients participating in the CATIE-AD trial of anti-psychotic medications. Service use includes both institutional and outpatient services. Correlates include the AD-Related Quality of Life Scale (ADRQoL), Health Utilities Index (HUI)-III, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Mini Mental Status Examination, and AD-Cooperative Study Activities of Daily Living Scale. Chi squared tests, t-tests and logistic regression (using general estimating equations) were used to examine the correlates of service use. Results Three quarters (74.2%) used at least one service each month. Average monthly utilization rates for specific service types were: 4.5%, inpatient hospital; 5.6%, nursing home; 3.9%, residential care; 44.0%, AD-related outpatient; 9.4%, mental health outpatient; and 45.5%, medical-surgical outpatient. The likelihood of using any service was higher among older patients [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.03] and non-Hispanic Whites (OR = 1.61). Each 0.10 increment on the Health Utilities Index (HUI)-III was associated with a 7.0% decrease in the odds of using one or more service (OR = 0.93). The odds of using outpatient and institutional services were 6.0% and 10.0% lower, respectively, for each 0.10 increment on the HUI-III (OR = 0.94, OR = 0.90). The AD-Related Quality of Life Scale proved significantly related to outpatient medical-surgical services only (OR = 1.01). Conclusion Findings suggest that the HUI-III could be combined with other known correlates of service use to inform population planning associated with AD. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conservation of local currents in the quantum chiral model

Abstract The conservation of infinitely many local, polynomial currents in the two-dimensional quantum chiral model is proved in renormalized 1 N perturbation theory. The iterative procedure for constructing the conserved currents closely parallels that used in the sine-Gordon and massive Thirring models.
Mode of action studies with formetanate and formparanate acaricides

Abstract Formetanate and formparanate acaricides are very toxic to rats, houseflies (Musca domestica L.), and two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Both compounds inhibit acetylcholine deacetylation by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from the three organisms in vitro, and AChE activity in vivo was also depressed in rats, house-flies, and two-spotted spider mites poisoned with formetanate. Moreover, an excellent correlation was obtained between toxicity and in vivo AChE inhibition in formetanate-poisoned animals, and analyses of rat brains, housefly heads, and whole spider mites at various posttreatment intervals revealed that the concentration of formetanate-14C equivalents was generally related directly to the degree of AChE inhibition. Therefore, it is concluded that blockage of AChE by formetanate is the fundamental biochemical lesion and is responsible for initiation of the sequence of events that eventually lead to death of the rat, housefly, and two-spotted spider mite.
Direct Synthesis of ZSM-5 and Mordenite Using Poly(ethylene glycol) as a Structure-Directing Agent

ZSM-5 (SiO2/Al2O3 = 55) and mordenite (SiO2/Al2O3 = 48) were synthesized directly using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 200) as a structure-directing agent. The PEG 200 molecules were occluded in the pores of ZSM-5 but not in mordenite. It is expected that the formation of ZSM-5 occurs via a layered phase such as magadiite.
Vitamin E Does Not Protect Against Neonatal Ethanol‐Induced Cerebellar Damage or Deficits in Eyeblink Classical Conditioning in Rats

Background: Rodent studies have shown that heavy binge-like ethanol (EtOH) exposure during the brain growth spurt [postnatal days (PD) 4-9] causes cerebellar neuronal loss and deficits in cerebellar-mediated eyeblink classical conditioning (ECC). Oxidative stress has been implicated in EtOH-mediated brain damage, and studies using vitamin E have reported amelioration of EtOH-induced tissue damage, including protection in rats against EtOH-induced cerebellar Purkinje cell (PC) loss on PD 4 to 5. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dietary supplementation with vitamin E concurrent with binge EtOH exposure on PD 4 to 9 in rats would attenuate the cerebellar cell death and ECC deficits. Methods: Rat pups were given one of five different neonatal treatments: (1) intubation with EtOH in milk formula (twice daily, total dose 5.25 g/kg/day), (2) intubation with EtOH in milk formula supplemented with vitamin E (12.26 mg/kg/feeding), (3) intubation with milk formula that contained vitamin E only, (4) sham intubations, or (5) normally reared unintubated controls. Between PD 26 and 33, subjects received short-delay ECC for 3 consecutive days. Unbiased stereological cell counts were performed on cerebellar PCs of left cerebellar lobules I to VI and neurons of the interpositus nucleus. In a separate study with PD 4 pups, the effects of vitamin E on EtOH-induced expression of caspase-3 active subunits were assessed using Western blot analysis. Results: EtOH-treated groups showed significant deficits in acquisition of conditioned eyeblink responses and reductions in cerebellar PCs and interpositus nucleus neurons compared with controls. Vitamin E supplementation failed to protect against these deficits. Vitamin E also failed to protect against increases in caspase-3 active subunit expression induced by acute binge EtOH exposure on PD 4. Conclusions: In contrast to the previously reported neuroprotective potential of antioxidants on EtOH-mediated cerebellar damage, vitamin E supplementation did not diminish EtOH-induced structural and functional damage to the cerebellum in this model of binge EtOH exposure during the brain growth spurt in rats.
Breaking the glass firewall: opportunities for women leaders in information security and assurance

The purpose of this research is to examine careers in Information Security and Assurance within the context of women in IT. Much prior research has examined the dearth of women and other groups in the IT industry. We are interested in exploring this relatively new career path to see if there are female-friendly opportunities that have not existed in previous IT career paths. In sum, we seek to determine whether or not women in security face the same challenges and opportunities as they do in other IT fields. Further, we will determine if the security area offers an even playing field for women and men. Finally, based on our findings, we will discuss implications for IT educators in terms of recruiting and retaining diverse groups of students to pursue security related careers.
Plant Leaf and Stem Proteins. I. Extraction and Electrophoretic Separation of the Basic, Water-Soluble Fraction

Simplified but highly reproducible extraction and electrophoretic procedures have been developed for plant stem and leaf proteins using recent chemical and technical advances. The method is applied to the separation of the basic, water-soluble proteins found in stem and leaf tissues of 3 Dianthus clones. While most of the highly reproducible protein bands appear in all 3 selections, and many are also common to both leaf and stem tissue, others are characteristic for the variety or tissue.
African American School Counselors in Predominantly White‐Culture School Districts: A Phenomenological Study From a Humanistic Perspective

This study examined the phenomenology of African American school counselors in predominantly White-culture school districts from a humanistic perspective. Interview data were collected and analyzed using Giorgi's (1997) 4-step process. Six essential essence statements emerged, including recommendations for school counselors and implications for humanistic approaches in school counseling.
Normal T-cell response and in vivo magnetic resonance imaging of T cells loaded with HIV transactivator-peptide-derived superparamagnetic nanoparticles.

The present study analyzed the feasibility of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor T-cell homing in vivo after loading T cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide (CLIO) nanoparticles derivatized with a peptide sequence from the transactivator protein (Tat) of HIV-1. T cells were isolated from C57BL/6 (B6) mice and loaded with 0, 400, 800, 1600, or 8000 ng/ml of FITC conjugated CLIO-Tat (FITC-CLIO-Tat). There was a dose-dependent uptake of FITC-CLIO-Tat by T cells. Stimulation of FITC-CLIO-Tat loaded T cells with anti-CD3 (0.1 microg/ml) plus IL-2 (5 ng/ml) elicited normal activation and activation-induced cell death (AICD) responses, and normal upregulation of CD69, ICAM-1 (CD54), L-selectin (CD62L), and Fas. The FITC-CLIO-Tat loaded T cells (3 x 10(7)) were transferred intravenously (i.v.) into B6 mice and the in vivo MRI of mice was acquired using a spin-echo pulse sequence at 4.7 T with a Bruker Biospec system. Homing of T cells into the spleen was observed by a decrease in MRI signal intensity within 1 h after the transfer, which remained decreased for 2-24 h after transfer. These homing data were confirmed by FACS analysis and biodistribution analysis using 125I-CLIO-Tat. Thus, T cells can be efficiently loaded with FITC-CLIO-Tat without interfering with their normal activation and AICD, or homing to the spleen, and the biodistribution of FITC-CLIO-Tat loaded T cells can be monitored in vivo over time by MRI.
Influence of Motion Pictures on Children's Attitudes

(1931). Influence of Motion Pictures on Children's Attitudes. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 291-305.
Characterization of Electrochemical Properties of Micro-Tubular SOFCs

Micro-tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are fabricated and tested for analysis of electrochemical properties. The impedance spectra from individual 1.8 mm diameter, 1.2 cm length micro-tubular SOFCs are obtained for the intermediate temperature range of 450–550°C. The micro-tubular SOFC used is anode supported, consisting of a NiO and Gd0.2 Ce0.8 O2−x (GDC) cermet anode, thin GDC electrolyte, and a La0.6 Sr0.4 Co0.2 Fe0.8 O3−y (LSCF) and GDC composite cathode. The impedance information gained at cell operating temperatures of 450, 500, and 550°C yielded power density losses of 0.8, 2.3, and 4.6% respectively. Within the operating temperature range of 450–550 °C, the ceria based 1.8 mm micro-tubular SOFCs were found to have a power densities ranging between 180–740 mW/cm2 .Copyright © 2008 by ASME
The radiologic diagnosis of endolymphatic sac tumors.

Objective: To identify and classify radiologic criteria for the diagnosis of endolymphatic sac tumors. Study Design: Retrospective case review. Tertiary referral center. Methods: 31 adult patients (32 tumors) with imaging (computed tomography [CT], magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], and/or angiography) and histopathologic diagnoses of lesions that involved the posterior temporal bone from July 1995 to August 2004 were included in the study. Interventions were diagnostic. Main outcome measures were CT, MRI (T1, T1 with gadolinium enhancement and T2-weighted), and angiographic features of seven patients (eight temporal bones) with endolymphatic sac tumors were examined and compared to the radiologic findings of the 24 historical control patients with various lesions involving the posterior temporal bone. Results: CT findings of endolymphatic sac tumors revealed lesions centered over the endolymphatic sac, retrolabyrinthine, and presigmoid regions of the temporal bone. Central calcific spiculation and posterior rim calcification was present in all lesions (100%) on CT examination. T1-weighted MRI scans showed hyperintense foci in seven of eight lesions (88%). T1-weighted post-gadolinium scans showed heterogeneous enhancement in all cases (100%). T2-weighted images showed heterogeneous signals in all lesions (100%). Angiography (traditional or magnetic resonance angiography [MRA]) identified exclusive external carotid supply for lesions less than 3 cm. Tumors greater than 3 cm were supplied by external carotid, internal carotid, and posterior fossa circulation arteries. Conclusions: Reliable radiologic criteria to preoperatively identify endolymphatic sac tumors exist. Preoperative diagnosis of posterior temporal bone lesions enables appropriate surgical planning and treatment of the pathology.
Quantitative assessment of the conformational change in the femoropopliteal artery with leg movement.

BACKGROUND The unique physical forces exerted on the femoropopliteal (FP) artery during movement have been implicated in the high rates of restenosis and stent fracture in this artery. Conformational changes in the FP artery during movement are important surrogates of these forces. This study sought to quantify the conformational change in the FP artery between the straight-leg (SL) and crossed-leg (CL) positions. METHODS Using paired angiographic images of overlapping segments of the FP artery in SL and CL positions from patients with peripheral arterial disease, 3-D models of individual segments were generated and subsequently fused to create a 3-D model of the entire FP artery in both leg positions. Based on these 3-D models, the following parameters in the SL and CL positions were quantitatively assessed for the superficial femoral artery (SFA), popliteal artery (PA), and FP artery (i.e., SFA and PA): length, curvature, torsion, twist angle, and development of new flexion angles = 15 degrees. RESULTS In nine male patients with a mean age of 57 +/- 10.2 years, angiography was performed in 10 FP arteries, with successful generation of 3-D models for all vessels. Movement from the SL to the CL position for the SFA, PA, and FP artery was associated with (a) a mean shortening of 18.2 mm (P = 0.002), 32.2 mm (P < 0.001), and 50.3 mm (P < 0.001), respectively; (b) a mean increase in curvature of 0.04 cm(-1) (P = 0.012), 0.2 cm(-1) (P < 0.001), and 0.11 cm(-1) (P < 0.001), respectively; (c) and small absolute changes in mean torsion of 0.034 cm(-1) (P = 0.48), 0.006 cm(-1) (P < 0.001), and 0.057 cm(-1) (P < 0.001), respectively. The same leg movement was associated with a mean twist angle of 45.6 degrees +/- 27.9 degrees (range of 17.4 degrees-103.4 degrees ) and 61.1 degrees +/- 31.9 degrees (range of 20.5 degrees-101.1 degrees ) for the SFA and PA, respectively. Compared to the SL position, the CL position induced a single flexion point (FxP) =15 degrees in the SFA in two patients, and a mean of 2.4 FxPs =15 degrees (range 1-5) in the PA. CONCLUSIONS Significant changes in length, curvature, and twist occur in the PA and significant but more modest changes in length and twist occur in the SFA during movement from the SL to the CL position. This data has important implications for endovascular therapies that are used to treat disease in the FP artery.
A prospective evaluation of subconjunctival injection of triamcinolone acetonide for resistant anterior scleritis

Abstract Purpose Prospective evaluation of the efficacy and safety of subconjunctival triamcinolone injections for resistant, nonnecrotizing, anterior scleritis. Design Prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. Participants Twelve eyes of 10 consecutive patients seen in the Doheny Eye Institute between August 1999 and December 2000 with diffuse, nonnecrotizing anterior scleritis that was resistant to systemic antiinflammatory therapy. Eyes with a history of steroid response were excluded. Intervention Subconjunctival injection of triamcinolone acetonide to the areas of maximal inflammation. Main outcome measures Scleritis activity, adverse treatment effects, and number of systemic medications required at the end of the follow-up period. Results Within 1 to 14 days after injection, complete resolution of signs and symptoms was achieved in 11 eyes and partial resolution in 1 eye. Two patients had one recurrence each, 2.5 and 11 months after injection. Six of 10 patients were able to discontinue all systemic therapy (prednisone ± immunosuppressive drugs); the remaining 4 needed continued oral therapy for systemic indications. Transient ocular hypertension and subconjunctival hemorrhage occurred in one eye each. Median follow-up period was 15 months. No eye developed necrotizing scleritis. Conclusions Subconjunctival injection of triamcinolone acetonide is a safe and effective treatment for resistant, nonnecrotizing anterior scleritis. It provides rapid effect, is well tolerated, and may spare patients the significant complications and side effects of systemic corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy.
The human right to disaster mitigation and relief

(2001). The human right to disaster mitigation and relief. Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards: Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 137-138.