cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Yugoslavia and political assassinations: the history and legacy of Tito’s campaign against the émigrés: Christian Axboe Nielsen, (London: I.B Tauris, 2021), viii +253 pp.

Historiography on Titoist Yugoslavia has been growing in recent years to include important aspects of international relations, such as how that country influenced the Non-Aligned Movement. Yet, exa...
Biomass-derived rctt-3,4-di-2-furanyl-1,2-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid: a polytopic ligand for synthesizing green metal-organic materials

Biomass is an abundant and environmentally friendly source for materials that can be used in a multitude of applications in the effort to replace petrochemicals. Furfural and malonic acid are bioma...
Undermining Your Case to Enhance Your Impact: A Framework for Understanding the Effects of Acts of Receptiveness in Persuasion:

Past research has uncovered actions that would seem to undermine but in fact frequently enhance persuasion. For example, expressing doubt about one's view or presenting arguments against it would seem to weaken one's case, but can sometimes promote it. We propose a framework for understanding these findings. We posit that these actions constitute acts of receptiveness-behaviors that signal openness to new information and opposing viewpoints. We review four classes of acts of receptiveness: conveying uncertainty, acknowledging mistakes, highlighting drawbacks, and asking questions. We identify conditions under which and mechanisms through which these actions boost persuasion. Acts of receptiveness appear to be more persuasive when they come from expert or high-status sources, rather than non-expert or low-status sources, and to operate through two primary mechanisms: increased involvement and enhanced source perceptions. Following a review of this work, we delineate potentially novel acts of receptiveness and outline directions for future research.
Análisis de las políticas culturales en el Perú

The investigation was donde in Lima city, in the first trimester of 2021. Had like objectives: conceptualize the policy, the culture, and cultural policies. Also, identify the main problematics about the cultural policies in the governmental administration, describe the peruvian laws about the culture, propose the culture like a development factor and finally, describe a taxonomy about the cultural and creatives industries. The objectives of investigation were done, through the documental analysis. Finally the conclusion was that the cultural public policies are incipient and weaks. And the authorities on duty, dont put the right atention and importance, considering the cultural points like something in second stage in the community development.
The extraordinary rendition network: illiberal security complexes and global governance

The Rendition, Detention, and Interrogation programme was implemented by the G.W. Bush Administration in order to covertly capture and move “suspected terrorists” around the globe, and ultimately d...
From Beijing to Port Moresby: The Politics of National Identity in Cultural Policies

From Beijing to Port Moresby: The Politics of National Identity in Cultural Policies Virginia R. Dominguez and David Y. H. Wu, eds. (Gordon and Breach Publishers, 1998)
T-plasty modification of the Bankart procedure for multidirectional instability of the anterior and inferior types

Forty patients who had a diagnosis of multidirectional instability of forty-two shoulders had a modified Bankart operation in which a T-shaped incision was made in the anterior portion of the capsule, with advancement of the inferior flap superiorly and of the superior flap medially. All of the patients had been injured during athletic activities. Some degree of anterior labral injury was present in thirty-eight of the forty-two shoulders. Half of the patients had generalized ligamentous laxity. The patients were followed for an average of three years (range, two to seven years). Four patients had episodes of instability after the operation. Three had a single episode of posterior subluxation during throwing, one had recurrent posterior subluxation that subsequently was treated by posterior stabilization, and one had anterior subluxation while he was diving from a high board. The average loss of external rotation after the operation was 5 degrees with the arm at the side and 4 degrees with the arm abducted 90 degrees. Satisfaction of the patient was rated excellent for forty (95 per cent) of the shoulders, good for one shoulder, and fair for one shoulder. However, throwing athletes found that they were unable to throw a ball with as much speed as before the operation.
The Stability of a Reconstituted Serum for the Assay of Fifteen Chemical Constituents

A study was made of serums stored at refrigerator (10°) and freezer (-15°) temperatures in relation to the subsequent effect on the following assays: sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide, protein, albumin, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, bilirubin, urea nitrogen, glucose, uric acid, creatinine, and phosphorus. Data showing the period for which a reconstituted serum may be stored under these conditions are presented.
Angular-momentum-state distribution of sodium atoms photoassociated in a magneto-optical trap

We present direct spectroscopic measurement of the excited state angular-momentum-state distribution of ${\mathrm{Na}}_{2}^{*}(3{}^{2}{S}_{1/2}+3{}^{2}{P}_{3/2})$ molecules photoassociated by the trapping lasers in a sodium magneto-optical trap. We find that states with quantum numbers up to $J=22$ are excited and that the measured population distribution can be well described using a local equilibrium model.
Incorporation of radiolabel from [1-14C]5-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid into slow reacting substance

Abstract When synthetic [1- 14 C]5-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid was incubated with rat basophilic cells, incorporation of the radiolabel into slow reacting substance (SRS) could be demonstrated as evidenced by comigration of spasmogenic activity and radioactivity after purification by high pressure liquid chromatography. This provides direct evidence that SRS is a product of the lipoxygenase pathway.
Bank Teller Organizational Assimilation in a System of Contradictory Practices.

This article reports an ethnographic study of part-time teller assimilation in a large branch banking organization. Although strict adherence to formally established policy was emphasized by socialization agents at teller training school, the substance and application of these rules were contradicted by agents at the branch banks. These contradictions were never fully resolved, making assimilation difficult for the tellers as they struggled to understand what role requirements to follow and how to interpret their overall experience. The altered rules forced the tellers to rely on superiors to oversee many day-to-day decisions. The tellers responded to the contradictions with surprise and disappointment, and disparaged elements of their assimilation experience. The contradictory assimilation messages also interfered with newcomers' developing feelings of membership and willingness to remain in the organization's employ. The manuscript concludes by discussing ways by which management practitioners may ease ...
Cyclopolymerization of tert-Butyl α-(Hydroxymethyl) Acrylate (TBHMA) Ether Dimer via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP)

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was used in the cyclopolymerizaton of a symmetrical dimethacrylate, the ether dimer of tert-butyl α-(hydroxymethyl)acrylate (TBHMA). The cyclopolymerization was succesfully carried out with high cyclization efficiency in xylene using CuBr/PMDETA at 70 °C. Cyclopolymers with six membered tetrahydropyran repeat units were obtained in high conversions with controlled molecular weights and low polydispersities. It was found that at higher temperatures (100 °C), the polymerization became less controlled and polydispersities increased slightly whereas at lower temperatures (50 °C) the intermolecular reactions lead to pendent vinyl groups and cross-linking. The livingness of the propagating cyclopolymers was shown through successful block copolymerization with tert-butyl acrylate where the former was used as macroinitiator. The physical properties of the cyclopolymers were investigated and it was found that ring microstructures and polymer polydispersities affected the...
Neuropeptide Y Release Is Elevated from the Microdissected Paraventricular Nucleus of Food- Deprived Rats: An in Vitro Study*

Intracerebroventricular injection of neuropeptide Y (NPY) stimulates a robust dose-related feeding response in the rat. Experimental evidence attests to the view that the release of NPY in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), a site richly innervated by NPY immunopositive fibers, is responsible for stimulation of feeding behavior. However, there is little information on the neuroendocrine factors involved in regulation of NPY release, in part due to the unavailability of reliable techniques to monitor PVN NPY release. In this study, we have validated an in vitro technique to assess NPY release from the PVN and other neighboring hypothalamic sites of the rat brain. In the first experiment, freshly dissected brains from male rats were processed for 300-microns thick sections with a vibratome. The PVNs were microdissected from the brain sections under a stereomicroscope and incubated in 250 microliters Krebs Ringer bicarbonate buffer at 37 C for basal and KCl-induced NPY release. The results showed that basal ...
Single-Lane Live Load Distribution Factor for Decked Precast, Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges

The live load distribution factor equations provided by AASHTO load and resistance factor design specifications for the decked precast, prestressed concrete (DPPC) girder bridge system do not differentiate between a single-lane or a multilane loaded condition. This practice results in a single-lane load rating penalty for DPPC girder bridges. This paper determines distribution factor equations that accurately predict the distribution factor of the DPPC girder bridge system when it is subjected only to single-lane loading. Eight DPPC girder bridges were instrumented. Each bridge was loaded with a single load vehicle to simulate the single-lane loaded condition. The experimental data were used to calibrate grillage models of the DPPC girder bridge system. The calibrated grillage models were used to conduct a parametric study of the DPPC girder bridge system subjected to a single-lane loaded condition. Four new equations that describe the single-lane loaded distribution factor for both shear and moment forces of these bridges are developed in this paper.
RTAB: the Rayleigh scattering database

Abstract Systematic tabulations of differential scattering cross sections for all atoms for photon energies 0.0543–2754.1 keV in various approximations are being made available, with a focus on the S-matrix approach of Kissel and Pratt. New tabulations are also being made available of: anomalous scattering factors for 0–10 MeV; total-atom, shell and subshell form factors; bound–bound oscillator strengths; total-atom, shell and subshell photoeffect cross sections; and Dirac–Slater potentials. Accurate interpolation of S-matrix cross sections to intermediate energies is investigated. Selected computer codes that generate or use these data are described.
Model support for forcing of the 8.2 ka event by meltwater from the Hudson Bay ice dome

Previous model experiments of the 8.2 ka event forced by the drainage of Lake Agassiz often do not produce climate anomalies as long as those inferred from proxies. In addition to the Agassiz forcing, there is new evidence for significant amounts of freshwater entering the ocean at 8.2 ka from the disintegration of the Laurentide ice sheet (LIS). We use the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) to test the contribution of this additional meltwater flux. Similar to previous model experiments, we find that the estimated freshwater forcing from Lake Agassiz is capable of sustaining ocean and climate anomalies for only two to three decades, much shorter than the event duration of ~150 years in proxies. Using new estimates of the LIS freshwater flux (~0.13 Sv for 100 years) from the collapse of the Hudson Bay ice dome in addition to the Agassiz drainage, the CCSM3 generates climate anomalies with a magnitude and duration that match within error those from proxies. This result is insensitive to the duration of freshwater release, a major uncertainty, if the total volume remains the same. An analysis of the modeled North Atlantic freshwater budget indicates that the Agassiz drainage is rapidly transported out of the North Atlantic while the LIS contribution generates longer-lasting freshwater anomalies that are also subject to recirculation by the subtropical gyre back into the North Atlantic. Thus, the meltwater flux originating from the LIS appears to be more important than the Agassiz drainage in generating 8.2 ka climate anomalies and is one way to reconcile some model-data discrepancies.
The Great Divide: Religious and Cultural Conflict in American Party Politics By Geoffrey Layman. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. 435p. $49.50 cloth, $22.50 paper.

Analysts of religion and American politics have been awaiting this book for some time. In The Great Divide, Geoffrey Layman brings together two strands of research in American political behavior in an elegant, systematic fashion: the study of party system change (often described as the literature on “party realignment”) and the analysis of religion in politics in the United States (long something of an esoteric speciality within political science). While Layman is not first to address the connection between the pew and the precinct, his impressive effort is at this point the authoritative source on religion and contemporary party politics.
Optimum template selection for atlas-based segmentation

Atlas-based segmentation of MR brain images typically uses a single atlas (e.g., MNI Colin27) for region identification. Normal individual variations in human brain structures present a significant challenge for atlas selection. Previous researches mainly focused on how to create a specific template for different requirements (e.g., for a certain population). We address atlas selection with a different approach: instead of choosing a fixed brain atlas, we use a family of brain templates for atlas-based segmentation. For each subject and each region, the template selection method automatically chooses the 'best' template with the highest local registration accuracy, based on normalized mutual information. The region classification performances of the template selection method and the single template method were quantified by the overlap ratios (ORs) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between the manual tracings and the respective automated labeled results. Two groups of brain images and multiple regions of interest (ROIs), including the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and several subcortical structures, were tested for both methods. We found that the template selection method produced significantly higher ORs than did the single template method across all of the 13 analyzed ROIs (two-tailed paired t-test, right ACC at t(8)=4.353, p=0.0024; right amygdala, matched paired t test t(8)>3.175, p<0.013; for the remaining ROIs, t(8)=4.36, p<0.002). The template selection method also provided more reliable volume estimates than the single template method with increased ICCs. Moreover, the improved accuracy of atlas-based segmentation using optimum templates approaches the accuracy of manual tracing, and thus is valid for automated brain imaging analyses.
Sequence of the signal peptide for rat liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase

Abstract The cDNA coding for the signal peptide of rat liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase was sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of the signal peptide was MIRAALSTARRGPRLSRLL. From this sequence an amphiphilic helix which had a high hydrophobic moment could be constructed. A comparison to the published cDNA sequence of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase revealed great sequence identity and allowed us to make some predictions regarding the primary structure of the human signal peptide.
Mechanizing the meta-theory of programming languages

What does it mean for a programming language to exist? Usually languages are defined by an informal description augmented by a reference compiler whose behavior is regarded as normative. This approach works well so long as the one true implementation suffices, but as soon as we wish to have multiple compilers for the same language, we must agree on what the language is independently of its implementations. Most often this is accomplished through social processes such as standardization committees for building consensus.These processes have served us well, and will continue to be important for language design. But they are not sufficient to support the level of rigor required to prove theorems about languages and programs written in them. For that we need a semantics, which provides an objective foundation for such analyses, typically in the form of a type system and an operational semantics. But merely having such a rigorous definition for a language is not enough — it must be validated by a body of meta-theory that establishes its coherence and its consistency with expectations.But how are we to develop and maintain this body of theory? For full-scale languages the task is so onerous as to inhibit innovation and foster stagnation. The way forward is to take advantage of the recent advances in mechanized reasoning. By representing a language definition within a logical framework we may subject it to formal analysis, much as we use types to express and enforce crucial invariants in our programs. I will describe our use of the Twelf implementation of the LF logical framework, and discuss our successes and difficulties in using it as a tool for mechanizing the meta-theory of programming languages.
Buoyancy Suppression in Gases at High Temperatures

The computational fluid dynamics code FLUENT was used to study Rayleigh instability at large temperature differences in a sealed gas-filled enclosure with a cold top surface and a heated bottom wall (Benard problem). Both steady state and transient calculations were performed. The results define the boundaries of instability in a system depending on the geometry, temperature and pressure. It is shown that regardless of how fast the bottom-wall temperature can be ramped up to minimize the time spent in the unstable region of fluid motion, the eventual stability of the system depends on the prevailing final pressure after steady state has been reached. Calculations also show that the final state of the system can be different depending on whether the result is obtained via a steady-state solution or is reached by transient calculations. Changes in the slope of the pressure-versus-time curve are found to be a very good indicator of changes in the flow patterns in the system.
Pediatric sural nerve harvest: a fully endoscopic technique.

OBJECTIVE: The sural nerve has long been a favorite for peripheral nerve repair. Traditional "stocking seam" and "stair-step" harvest techniques both have serious drawbacks, including unsightly scarring with contractures occasionally leading to equinovarus deformities, long operative time, and poor quality and length of graft. Our objective was to develop a truly endoscopic method of sural nerve harvest using 1 small incision and 1 stab incision. METHODS: An endoscope designed for harvesting vascular conduits was used for nerve graft dissection. The nerve was then cut through a stab incision below the popliteal fossa. Sural nerve harvest was performed on 3 pediatric patients, aged 5 months to 3.5 years, between October and December of 2007. RESULTS: Nerve graft lengths were 9.5 to 13 cm. The mean operative time was 18 minutes from incision to graft removal and 36 minutes from incision to dressing placement. During all procedures, the brachial plexus exploration proceeded unimpeded during the graft harvest. Under microscopic inspection, the nerve grafts were much less damaged than those harvested previously with the stair-step technique. There were no complications during a mean follow-up period of 3 months. CONCLUSION: Advantages over previously described techniques include: 1) reduction from three or four 1.5-cm incisions to one 1.5-cm incision and one 3-mm incision, 2) a significant decrease in operative time, 3) increased ease of performing the graft harvest simultaneously with the brachial plexus dissection, and 4) a notable improvement in the graft, both in length and appearance.
Fractional FFT demodulation for differentially coherent detection of acoustic OFDM signals

We propose Fractional FFT (F-FFT) demodulation as a method for compensating the Doppler distortion in an acoustic orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. F-FFT is based on demodulation with two FFTs, shifted by half the carrier spacing, whose outputs are combined prior to data detection. We consider differentially coherent detection, and develop an algorithm for recursive computation of the combiner weights. The algorithm is cast into a multi-channel framework that takes advantage of spatial diversity. Synthetic data, and experimental data obtained over a mobile underwater acoustic channel, are used to compare the proposed method to conventional coherent and differentially coherent detection, showing significant improvement in performance (several dB), as well as the possibility to increase the bandwidth efficiency.
Children facing a family member's acute illness: a review of intervention studies.

Abstract Background A review of psycho-educational intervention studies to benefit children adapting to a close (parent, sibling, or grandparent) family member's serious illness was conducted. Objectives To review the literature on studies addressing this topic, critique research methods, describe clinical outcomes, and make recommendations for future research efforts. Data sources Research citations from 1990 to 2005 from Medline, CINAHL, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, PsycARTICLES, and PsycINFO databases were identified. Review methods Citations were reviewed and evaluated for sample, design, theoretical framework, intervention, threats to validity, and outcomes. Reviewed studies were limited to those that included statistical analysis to evaluate interventions and outcomes. Results Six studies were reviewed. Positive outcomes were reported for all of the interventional strategies used in the studies. Reviewed studies generally lacked a theoretical framework and a control group, were generally composed of small convenience samples, and primarily used non-tested investigator instruments. They were diverse in terms of intervention length and intensity, and measured short-term outcomes related to participant program satisfaction, rather than participant cognitive and behavioral change. Conclusions The paucity of interventional studies and lack of systematic empirical precision to evaluate intervention effectiveness necessitates future studies that are methodologically rigorous.
Is there a Science of the Processes Underlying Health and Illness Behaviors? A Comment on Maes and Karoly

Maes and Karoly (2005) provide thorough overview of many of the current theoretical models and much of the empirical data describing application of self-regulation concepts to chronic illness management. They make clear that much of theory and data focuses on remote and proximal goals involved in the self-regulation process. The review makes clear, however, that few models and studies conceptualise and examine how individuals create goals and evaluate progress. Knowledge of these processes is essential for the development of effective interventions. We argue that understanding these processes is essential for understanding the interplay of concrete experience and conceptual processes. Concepts in this area are central for understanding how top-down and bottom-up processes integrate in generating self-regulatory behaviors to affect somatic experience. We discuss theoretical frameworks that can generate research paths that will lead to effective interventions.
New hybrid count- and geometry-based method for quantification of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction from ECG-gated SPECT: methodology and validation.

Background. We have previously developed a new method for quantitative assessment of left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction (EF) from electrocardiography-gated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The aims of this study were to present the methodology, to validate the gated SPECT cardiac quantification (GSCQ) method in phantoms and patients, and to determine normal values of LVEF.
Effects of apical meristem loss on sylleptic branching and growth of hybrid poplar

Abstract The effects of apical meristem loss on the growth and development of hybrid poplar trees was investigated. This was done by clipping back either the apical meristem alone (dividing cells), or the apical meristem plus a small amount of additional stem tissue (expanding cells,
Novel in vitro model for studying hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury using liver cubes

Background Although inflow occlusion techniques have given surgeons the ability to carry out increasingly complex liver resections, ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury continues to be a source of morbidity. Efforts to ameliorate IR injury have been hindered in absence of adequate preclinical models. The goal of the present study was to develop a simple, efficient, and cost-effective means of studying hepatic IR injury. Methods Liver cubes were procured from normal (C57BL/6) mice. After hepatectomy, 4-mm punch biopsies were taken for individual placement in culture wells containing hepatocyte media. Experimental cubes underwent hypoxia for 60 minutes, whereas controls remained normoxic. Supernatants were collected from individual wells after 0, 6, and 12 hours of rediffusion for transaminase and cytokine measurement. Histologic examination was performed on individual cubes. Results Extensive histologic injury was seen in the experimental cubes compared with controls with greater staining for activated caspase-3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling at 6 and 24 hours, respectively. Changes consistent with ischemic injury occurred more centrally in liver cubes, whereas markers for rediffusion injury were appreciated along the periphery. Transaminases were significantly higher at 6 hours after rediffusion in experimental cubes compared with controls (P = .02). tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β were significantly higher in the media of experimental cubes compared with controls at 12 hours rediffusion (P = .05 and .03 respectively). Conclusion In vitro IR of cubes produces a significant injury with a pattern reflective of hepatic lobular architecture. This novel technique may open new avenues for uncoupling the mechanisms of IR while facilitating rapid screening of potential therapies.
Use of Shift Reagents to Determine Enantiomers by Near-Infrared Analysis

A method is described that utilizes β-cyclodextrin and silica gel as shift reagents to distinguish between enantiomers by means of near-infrared transmission spectroscopy. The premise is that the spectrum of the (+)-enantiomer bound to the shift reagent will be different from that of the (−)-enantiomer bound to the same reagent. With the use of principal component analysis, the difference between the enantiomers can be distinguished. The resulting method is fast, simple, and of potential application in pharmaceutical process control.
Regional Biomechanical and Microstructural Alterations of the Ovine Main Pulmonary Artery During Postnatal Growth

It has been estimated that worldwide 600,000 babies are born annually with significant congenital heart disease (1). Congenital heart and related vascular defects cause increased flow and pulmonary pressure leading to unfavorable vascular remodeling that results in pulmonary arterial hypertension (1). Developing tissue engineered replacements that mimic the growth and remodeling behavior of native tissue is the optimal approach in treatment of congenital arterial anomalies. The understanding of the underlying mechanisms leading to pulmonary arterial hypertension as well as replicating native pulmonary artery functionality in engineered replacements requires knowledge of native tissue mechanics and growth behavior. In the present study, we report novel information on the changes in the structure-mechanics behavior of the growing pulmonary artery.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Fast Arbitrary Waveform Generation by Using Digital Micromirror Arrays

We demonstrate fast optical arbitrary waveform generation by using the MEMS digital micromirror arrays. The desired radio-frequency waveforms are achieved by properly shaping the spectrum of the broadband optical source via using micromirror arrays as a digital spatial light modulator preceded by wavelength-to-time mapping through the dispersive medium. We obtain up to 280-MHz sawtooth and 200-MHz square waveforms that can be controlled by using 1024 × 768 mirror arrays in the preliminary experimental results. Based on currently available digital mirror technologies, we estimate that arbitrary waveforms up to 1-GHz rate and reconfigurable in ~ 30 μs are achievable by using the proposed approach.
Cell culture models using rat primary alveolar type I cells

Abstract There is a lack of cell culture models using primary alveolar type I (AT I) cells. The purpose of this study was to develop cell culture models using rat AT I cells and microvascular endothelial cells from the lung (MVECL). Two types of model systems were developed: single and co-culture systems; additionally a 3-dimensional model system was developed. Pure AT I cell (96.3 ± 2.7%) and MVECL (97.9 ± 1.1%) preparations were used. AT I cell morphology, mitochondrial number and distribution, actin filament arrangement and number of apoptotic cells at confluence, and telomere attrition were characterized. AT I cells maintained their morphometric characteristics through at least population doubling (PD) 35, while demonstrating telomere attrition through at least PD 100. Furthermore, AT I cells maintained the expression of their specific markers, T1α and AQ-5, through PD 42. For the co-cultures, AT I cells were grown on the top and MVECL were grown on the bottom of fibronectin-coated 24-well Transwell Fluroblok™ filter inserts. Neither cell type transmigrated the 1 μm pores. Additionally, AT I cells were grown in a thick layer of Matrigel ® to create a 3-dimensional model in which primary AT I cells form ring-like structures that resemble an alveolus. The development of these model systems offers the opportunities to investigate AT I cells and their interactions with MVECL in response to pharmacological interventions and in the processes of disease, repair and regeneration.
Implementation of Network Application Layer Parser for Multiple TCP/IP Flows in Reconfigurable Devices

This paper presents an implementation of a high-performance network application layer parser in FPGAs. At the core of the architecture resides a pattern matcher and a parser. The pattern matcher scans for patterns in high-speed streaming TCP data streams. The parser core augments each pattern found with semantic information determined from the patterns location within the data stream. The packet payload parser can provide a higher level of understanding of a data stream for many network applications. Such applications include high performance XML parsers, content-based/aware routers, and others. Additionally, a TCP processor allows stateful packet payload parsing of up to 8 million simultaneous TCP flows. The payload parser has been implemented in a Xilinx Virtex E 2000 FPGA on the Field-Programmable Port Extender platform. The parsing module runs at 200 MHz and parse raw data at 6.4 Gbps. The payload parser, integrated with the TCP processor, runs at 100 MHz for a throughput of 3.2 Gbps.
The effect of Six Sigma projects on innovation and firm performance

Abstract The paper develops a theoretical base for the effect of Six Sigma projects on innovation and firm performance. It has been proposed that Six Sigma projects enhance technological innovation of the firms; however, they are beneficial for firms in stable environments. Since Six Sigma programs are focused on variance reduction and efficiency, these initiatives are not very effective in dynamic environments, where the rate of technological change is dramatic. With their emphasis on variance-reduction and efficiency Six Sigma programs can be effective in enhancing incremental innovation. In addition, due to the focus of Six Sigma projects on existing customers, they may impede innovation for new customers. Accordingly, implementing Six Sigma projects in fast pace environments with high level of innovation and change may be a challenge, and may not result in the expected outcome. Building upon theories form process management and quality management the paper proposes several propositions to address the effect of Six Sigma projects on innovation and firm performance.
Technological Problem‐Solving Activities as a Means of Instruction: The TSM Integration Program

The Technology, Science, Mathematics (TSM) Integration Project, funded by the National Science Foundation, has developed a series of middle school activities that involve the application of science and mathematics in the solution of technological problems. The purpose of these activities is to allow students to see “real-world” applications for science and mathematics. The paper opens with a discussion of the “technological problem solving” method that characterizes each of the TSM Integration Activities. Brief descriptions of the fifteen activities and the corresponding technology, science, and mathematics content they involve are provided. The general structure of the activities and research in support of this methodological approach are also included.
Phospholipid−Protein Adducts of Lipid Peroxidation: Synthesis and Study of New Biotinylated Phosphatidylcholines

Oxidative stress gives rise to a number of electrophilic aldehydes from membrane phospholipids, and these compounds have been linked to pathophysiologic events associated with the progression of cardiovascular disease. A headgroup biotinylated phosphatidylcholine (PC) has been prepared, and its oxidation chemistry has been studied. Biotin or biotin-sulfoxide groups were attached to PC at the ammonium headgroup via a di-ethylene glycol link. The modified phospholipids have calorimetric and colloidal properties similar to those of the parent. The oxidation of PLPBSO (the biotin-sulfoxide analogue of 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoylglycerylphosphatidylcholine, PLPC) was studied under a variety of conditions. PLPBSO, like PLPC, undergoes oxidation to give electrophiles that adduct to small model peptides as well as to isolated proteins such as human serum albumin. PLPBSO incorporates into human blood plasma, and treatment of the plasma with water soluble free radical initiators gives rise to a number of biotinylated plasma proteins that can be isolated via (strept)avidin affinity. Isolated peptide or protein-lipid adducts can be identified by proteomics analyses, and studies on model peptides show that phospholipid-protein adduction sites can be identified by known algorithms. Biotinylated lipids such as PLPBSO and modern proteomics tools would appear to provide a new approach to exploring the chemistry and biology of membrane peroxidation associated with oxidative stress.
Reading fluency skill and the prosodic marking of linguistic focus

The purposes of the study were to determine whether third grade children mark linguistic focus features in their reading prosody and whether strong marking of these linguistic focus features might comprise an aspect of expressive reading typical of skilled, fluent reading. Children read a passage targeting information focusing aspects of prosody (direct quote, contrastive words, and exclamations). They also read a grade-level passage from the Qualitative Reading Inventory (Leslie & Caldwell, 2011) and completed the sight word subtest of Test of Word Reading Efficiency-2 (Torgesen, Wagner, & Rashotte, 2012). Children marked direct quote, contrastive words, and exclamations with a higher pitch than when in an unmarked context. They marked contrastive words and exclamations with greater intensity compared to an unmarked context. Further, reading fluency skill as determined by quick and accurate reading was connected to oral reading prosody that was generally more expressive for both sentence and linguistic focus prosodic features.
Subcellular distribution of 3 functional platelet SNARE proteins: human cellubrevin, SNAP-23, and syntaxin 2

Morphologic studies have demonstrated a process by which α-granule contents are released from platelets. Studies aimed at defining the molecular mechanisms of this release have demonstrated that SNARE proteins are required for α-granule secretion. These observations raise the possibility that morphologic features of α-granule secretion may be influenced by the subcellular distribution of SNARE proteins in the platelet. To evaluate this possibility, we analyzed the subcellular distribution of 3 functional platelet SNARE proteins—human cellubrevin, SNAP-23, and syntaxin 2. Exposure of streptolysin O-permeabilized platelets to antihuman cellubrevin antibody inhibited Ca++-induced α-granule secretion by approximately 50%. Inhibition of α-granule secretion by antihuman cellubrevin was reversed by a blocking peptide. Syntaxin 2 and SNAP-23 have previously been demonstrated to mediate platelet granule secretion. The subcellular localization of the 3 SNARE proteins was determined by ultrastructural studies, using a pre-embedding immunonanogold method, and by immunoblot analysis of subcellular fractions. Immunonanogold localization demonstrated that approximately 80% of human cellubrevin in resting platelets was localized to platelet granule membranes. In contrast, SNAP-23 localized predominantly to plasma membrane, whereas syntaxin 2 was more evenly distributed among membranes of α-granules, the open canalicular system, and plasma membrane. Thus, each of these SNARE proteins has a distinct subcellular distribution in platelets, and each of these membrane compartments demonstrates a unique SNARE protein composition. This distribution provides a basis for several characteristics of α-granule secretion that include homotypic α-granule fusion and the fusion of α-granules with the open canalicular system and plasma membrane.
Control of error in the homotopy analysis of nonlinear Klein-Gordon initial value problems

In the present paper, we discuss the application of homotopy analysis to general nonlinear Klein-Gordon type equations. We first outline the method for general forms of the nonlinearity, as well as for general functional forms of the initial conditions. In particular, we discuss a method of controlling the residual error in approximate solutions which may be found via homotopy analysis, through adequate selection of the convergence control parameter. With the general problem outlined, we apply the method to various equations, including the quasilinear cubic Klein-Gordon equation, the modified Liouville equation, the sinh-Gordon equation, and the tanh-Gordon equation. For each of these equations and related initial data, we obtain residual error minimizing solutions which demonstrate the qualitative behavior of the true solutions in each case.
Oxygen quenching of delayed fluorescence in the solid state

Abstract A gradual increase in delayed fluorescence intensity is observed in crystalline 2-chloroanthracene and 9,10-diphenylanthracene in air under irradiation with light of constant intensity in the first triplet band. Detailed measurements in 2-chloroanthracene of delayed fluorescence intensity and triplet exciton lifetime show that the behavior is consistent with a triplet exciton-oxygen interaction which results in a depletion of the ground-state molecular oxygen concentration in the lattice and leads to a time dependence of the triplet exciton lifetime and of the effective S 0 → T 1 absorption coefficient of the material.
Elucidation of the minimal sequence required to imprint H19 transgenes.

The imprinted mouse H19 gene exhibits maternal allele-specific expression and paternal allele-specific hypermethylation. We previously demonstrated that a 14-kb H19 minitransgene possessing 5' differentially methylated sequence recapitulates the endogenous H19 imprinting pattern when present as high-copy arrays. To investigate the minimal sequences that are sufficient for H19 transgene imprinting, we have tested new transgenes in mice. While transgenes harboring limited or no 3' H19 sequence indicate that multiple elements within the 8-kb 3' fragment are required for appropriate imprinting, transgenes incorporating 1.7 kb of additional 5' sequence mimic the endogenous H19 pattern, including proper imprinting of low-copy arrays. One of these imprinted lines had a single 15.7-kb transgene integrant. This is the smallest H19 transgene identified thus far to display imprinting properties characteristic of the endogenous gene, suggesting that all cis-acting elements required for H19 imprinting in endodermal tissues reside within the 15.7-kb transgenic sequence.
Characterization of a sex-influenced modifier of gene expression and suppressor of position-effect variegation in Drosophila.

Modifier of white (Mow), a dominant transacting gene, has been identified through a mutagenic screen for second-site loci that alter the level of expression of thewhite eye color locus.Mow reduces the expression ofwhite in most developmental stages, but enhances its expression in the pupal stage, the time at which the major contribution to the adult phenotype is made. Tests with anAlcohol dehydrogenase promoter-white reporter and a series ofwhite truncation constructs have shown thatMow fails to affect the reporter; cis-regulatory mutations ofwhite also show no response, suggesting a requirement forwhite regulatory domains for interaction withMow. A quantitative analysis of steady-state transcript levels reveals that thewhite mRNA level decreases in the presence of one dose ofMow in larvae and adults, but the reduction is greater in females than males. Two other functionally related genes,brown andscarlet, also exhibit a similar sexually dimorphic alteration in expression, mediated byMow. In the mid-pupal stage, by contrast, the level ofwhite andbrown mRNA is increased byMow. In addition,Mow acts as a weak suppressor of position effect variegation (PEV). These observations suggest a connection between dosage modulation of gene expression and suppression of position-effect variegation.
TOO CAUTIOUS? AVOIDING RISK IN TRANSPORTATION PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

The general public perception is that it takes too long and costs too much to get new capacity enhancing transportation projects constructed. In California, previous audits of the California Transportation Department (Caltrans) have consistently identified transportation project development time and cost as overly long and too expensive, where project development includes conducting preliminary engineering, preparing environmental studies, completing final design, and acquiring the necessary permits. These audits have also suggested that the individual project manager greatly influenced project development success, as measured by time and cost. Several of the audits concluded that project managers were simply too cautious in making some of the engineering decisions associated with project development, and this risk-averse behavior was a major factor contributing to inefficient project development. This research explores the relationship between risk averse behavior (i.e., engineering judgment applied to c...
Distinct metastable atmospheric regimes despite nearly Gaussian statistics: A paradigm model

A controversial topic in the recent climate modeling literature is the fashion in which metastable low-frequency regimes in the atmosphere occur despite nearly Gaussian statistics for these planetary waves. Here a simple 57-mode paradigm model for such metastable atmospheric regime behavior is introduced and analyzed through hidden Markov model (HMM) analysis of the time series of suitable low-frequency planetary waves. The analysis of this paradigm model elucidates how statistically significant metastable regime transitions between blocked and zonal statistical states occur despite nearly Gaussian behavior in the associated probability distribution function and without a significant role for the low-order truncated nonlinear dynamics alone; turbulent backscatter onto the three-dimensional subspace of low-frequency modes is responsible for these effects. It also is demonstrated that suitable stochastic mode reduction strategies, which include both augmented cubic nonlinearity and multiplicative noise, are also capable of capturing the metastable low-frequency regime behavior through a single stochastic differential equation compared with the full turbulent chaotic 57-mode model. This feature is attractive for issues such as long-term weather predictability. Although there have been many applications of HMM in other sciences, this work presents a previously undescribed application of HMM analysis to atmospheric low-frequency variability and points the way for further applications including their use in extended range predictability.
Long-term risk of chronic kidney disease and mortality in children after acute kidney injury: a systematic review

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with significant short-term morbidity and mortality in children. However, the risk for long-term outcomes after AKI is largely unknown. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the cumulative incidence rate of proteinuria, hypertension, decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and mortality after an episode of AKI. After screening 1934 published articles from 1985–2013, we included 10 cohort studies that reported long-term outcomes after AKI in children. A total of 346 patients were included in these studies with a mean follow-up of 6.5 years (range 2–16) after AKI. The studies were of variable quality and had differing definitions of AKI with five studies only including patients who required dialysis during an AKI episode. There was a substantial discrepancy in the outcomes across these studies, most likely due to study size, disparate outcome definitions, and methodological differences. In addition, there was no non-AKI comparator group in any of the published studies. The cumulative incidence rates for proteinuria, hypertension, abnormal GFR (<90 ml/min/1.73 m2), GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, end stage renal disease, and mortality per 100 patient-years were 3.1 (95% CI 2.1-4.1), 1.4 (0.9-2.1), 6.3 (5.1-7.5), 0.8 (0.4 -1.4), 0.9 (0.6-1.4), and 3.7 (2.8-4.5) respectively. AKI appears to be associated with a high risk of long-term renal outcomes in children. These findings may have implications for care after an episode of AKI in children. Future prospective studies with appropriate non-AKI comparator groups will be required to confirm these results.
Moho Offset Across the Northern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau

Anomalous double-pulse teleseismic P-wave arrivals were observed at one station near the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The azimuthal dependence of the waveform distortion and its absence at nearby stations indicated that the distortion was produced by receiver-side crustal heterogeneity. Modeling of the three-component data revealed a 15- to 20-kilometer Moho offset that occurs over a narrow lateral range of less than 5 kilometers. This east-west–striking offset separates the thick Tibetan Plateau crust from the Qaidam Basin crust. Such a sharp crustal thickness change implies a weak Tibetan Plateau crust that thickens vertically in response to penetration by India from the south and to blockage caused by a strong Qaidam Basin crust to the north.