cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Warfare In Suburbia: A Rebuttal

All opinions and statements appearing in the following communications are those of their writers and do not necessarily reflect the views of the editors or the Association of American Geographers, who assume no responsibility for their contents.
Studies on kinetics of low-temperature chlorination of ZrO2 by gaseous carbon tetrachloride

Studies on the kinetics of chlorination of ZrO2. powder by carbon tetrachloride vapor in mixture with nitrogen in a low-temperature range of 650 to 825 K at different periods and partial pressures of carbon tetrachloride were carried out. The chlorination results at 650 and 675 K seem to follow a diffusion-controlled reaction model of Jander’s type: [1−(1−R)1/3]2 =k1t
Effect of Calcium Addition on Yield of Cheese Manufactured with Endothia parasitica Protease

Abstract Yield of stirred curd cheese from milk containing 0, .02, .03, and .05% added calcium chloride and coagulated with prolease from Endothia parasitica was compared with the yield of curd coagulated with calf rennet. Five treatments replicated five times in a randomized block design were manufactured to produce 25 vats of cheese. Milk was analyzed for fat, total solids, total N, and non-casein N. Cheese was analyzed for fat, total solids, and total N. Whey was analyzed for fat and total N. Dry matter cheese yield data adjusted for covariants of milk fat and casein were lower for cheese manufactured from E. parasitica protease than from calf rennet. Addition of calcium chloride to cheese milk clotted with E. parasitica protease increased cheese yield. Calcium needed to be higher than .02% to produce maximum yields when cheese was manufactured with Endothia parasitica protease.
Influence of process loading intensity on sludge clarification and thickening characteristics

Abstract The separation of microbial mass in an activated sludge system depends on the formation of large settleable sludge flocs. Microbial cells agglomerate into small clumps and subsequently into sludge flocs by a natural bioflocculation process. The resulting biological mass may exist as individual cells, small aggregates, or large flocs in the aeration basin effluent. In the secondary clarifier, only large flocs are separated by sedimentation while individual cells and small aggregates are washed out as effluent suspended solids. In the present study, the separation of sludge by sedimentation was shown to be closely related to the surface roughness of the resulting flocs. Normal sludges were observed to have relatively smooth surfaces while filamentous and zoogloeal bulking sludges were noted to have rough and diffused surfaces. The filamentous growths and the non-filamentous protuberances on the bulking sludge surface serve to increase the frictional drag between the moving solid and the liquid. This contributes to a lower settling velocity and associated dewatering rate of bulking sludges. Conversely, the quantity of non-settleable solids was shown to be related to the quantity of extracellular biopolymers excreted by the microorganisms. The quantity of biopolymers produced decreased for higher Process Loading Intensity or lower sludge age levels thereby resulting in poor aggregation of cells into clumps and subsequently into flocs. This contributes to low clarification efficiencies of the activated sludge process.
Peripheral Neuropathy in Pregnancy

Peripheral neuropathy, mononeuropathy and polyneuropathy, are not common in pregnancy. When complaints occur, however, even if minor, they can be bothersome to the pregnant woman. Peripheral nerve function may threaten the mother and fetus in various ways during gestation. Quick recognition and treatment efforts should therefore be the clinician's goal. This article reviews peripheral neuropathy in pregnancy.
Energies of electronic K X-rays of muonic atoms☆

Abstract The shifts of the electronic K X-rays in muonic atoms are calculated and compared with the recent experimental data. The shifts may be caused either by the incomplete screening of the nuclear charge by the muon, or by additional electronic vacancies produced by preceding Auger transitions. The first mechanism explains the experiment well. The good agreement between the measured and calculated shifts for Kα and Kβ X-rays means that the electron L shell is not strongly depleted when the muon has reached orbits with n = 6 to 9.
Dominant and Marginalized Discourses in Interracial Couples' Narratives: Implications for Family Therapists

This study explores inter-racial couples' family histories, their experiences of their life together, and the dominant and subordinate discourses employed in negotiating racial and ethnic differences. Ten black-white couples were interviewed individually and conjointly. Dominant discourses that emerged from the couples' narratives included those of homogamy, hypersensitivity of persons of color, and the insignificance of familial and societal history. Interracial partners also simultaneously subverted these prevailing ideologies by voicing experience associated with life at the margins of the society. Dominant and subordinate dicourses used by therapists and interracial couples in the therapy room are examined to integrate marginalized "truths" crucial to effective work with interracial couples and persons of color.
Force-detected electron-spin resonance: Adiabatic inversion, nutation, and spin echo

Electron-spin resonance of ${E}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ centers in vitreous silica was studied using force-detection techniques at temperatures down to 5 K. Cyclic adiabatic inversion of electron spins was performed by frequency modulation of the applied microwave magnetic field. This produced an oscillatory magnetic force between the electron spins and a nearby permanent magnet, resulting in the vibration of a cantilever on which the sample was mounted. By pulsing the microwave field prior to the force-detection sequence, nutation of the spins could be observed. Spin echoes were observed mechanically using a modified echo-pulse sequence. The decay of magnetization during cyclic adiabatic inversion was also studied and is discussed in terms of utility for future single-spin detection experiments.
Synthetic of α-Methylhistidine by Catalytic Phase-Transfer Alkylations

Abstract α-Methylhistidine was prepared by two complementary routes using a catalytic phase-transfer alkylation procedure. Construction of the product was achieved either by alkylation of an alanine Schiff base ester with an imidazole-containing electrophile or by methylation of a protected histidine derivative. Hydrolysis of the protecting groups afforded α-MeHis·2HCl in 27–41% overall yield.
The asymptotic distribution of a class of nonparametric test statistics

In dieser Arbeit wird das asymptotische Verhalten einer Klasse von verteilungsfreien Statistiken, welche nicht-lineare Funktionen des Rangvektors sind, untersucht. Es ergibt sich, das unter sehr allgemeinen Bedingungen die Grenzverteilung eine (evtl. unendliche) Summe von gewichteten, unabhangigenx 2-Verteilungen ist. Die Theorie der Wahrscheinlichkeitsmase aufHilbertschen Raumen und das Konzept der „schwachen Konvergenz“ solcher Mas erweisen sich dabei als sehr brauchbare Hilfsmittel.
The PEP Injection System

A system to transport 10-to-15-GeV electron and positron beams from the Stanford Linear Accelerator and to inject them into the PEP storage ring under a wide variety of lattice configurations has been designed. Optically, the transport line consists of three 360° phase-shift sections of FODO lattice, with bending magnets interspersed in such a way as to provide achromaticity, convenience in energy and emittance definition, and independent tuning of the various optical parameters for matching into the ring. The last 360° of phase shift has 88 milliradians of bend in a vertical plane and deposits the beam at the injection septum via a Lambertson magnet. Injection is accomplished by launching the beam with several centimeters of radial betatron amplitude in a fast bump provided by a triad of pulsed kicker magnets. Radiation damping reduces the collective amplitude quickly enough to allow injection at a high repetition rate.
Direct probing of the radiation field in optically thick environments

Abstract The directional dependence of escaping resonance radiation after an initial excitation in an optically thick atomic magnesium vapor is measured using a small sapphire rod as a probe. The rod acts as a light pipe to bring the radiation directly out from deep within the vapor. The time-dependent signal is observed in various directions relative to the initial excitation and a significant anisotropy is observed, especially at early times. The anisotropy is not strongly dependent on the argon buffer gas pressure, and is greater further from the initial excitation. The signal is compared with a calculated signal under the assumption of complete redistribution.
Organization of somatosensory input to the deep collicular laminae in hamster.

Abstract Retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to delineate the sources of somatosensory input to the hamster's superior colliculus. Cells in the ipsilateral somatosensory cortex and contralateral dorsal horn of the spinal cord, dorsal column nuclei, lateral cervical nucleus, internal basilar nucleus, nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract and deep layers of the superior colliculus were labeled following HRP injections centered in the deep tectal laminae. The response characteristics of somatosensory corticotectal, spinotectal and intertectal neurons were investigated with extracellular single unit recording methods and, with the exception of the fact that the receptive fields of corticotectal and spinotectal neurons were consistently smaller than those of cells recorded in the colliculus, the response characteristics of these neurons were quite similar to those of somatosensory neurons in the deep layers of the tectum. Lesions of the somatosensory cortex or dorsal half of the spinal cord were also combined with single unit recording in the colliculus to determine whether or not such damage altered the incidence and/or response characteristics of deep layer somatosensory cells. These lesions had no appreciable effect upon the functional organization of the deep tectal laminae. The implications of these results with regard to the convergence of visual and somatosensory information in the tectum are discussed.
Student Persistence in Community Colleges

The current study extends the research on student persistence in community colleges by investigating factors likely to influence a student's decision to drop out or stay in school. Specifically, this study examined demographic, financial, academic, academic integration, and psychosocial variables and their relationship to student persistence. A sample of 427 community college students completed a 63-item survey assessing psychosocial variables (i.e., self-efficacy and goals) the academic integration variable (i.e., student-faculty interaction), and a number of background variables (i.e., demographic, financial, and academic). In addition, student retention was measured through college enrollment the following semester. Results of the study revealed that age, work hours, and financial aid influenced student persistence, but the effects diminished once multiple variables were entered into the analysis. Among all the variables, cumulative GPA was the strongest predicting variable for student persistence. Stu...
Leukocyte transendothelial migration: a junctional affair.

A critical function of the inflammatory response is delivery of leukocytes to a site of injury, immune reaction or infection. Considerable information is available concerning the molecular mechanisms that capture flowing leukocytes and initiate their stable arrest on the lumenal surface of the blood vessel wall. In comparison, much less is known about the subsequent step(s) in migration of circulating blood leukocytes across endothelial cell-to-cell lateral borders to underlying tissues. This article will focus on the endothelial-dependent processes that coordinate transmigrations in peripheral vasculature during the inflammatory response.
A direct differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric method for the determination of thallium in natural waters

Abstract A dual direct method for the ultratrace determination of thallium in natural waters by differential pulse anodic stripping voltamrnetry (d.p.a.s.v.) is presented. D.p.a.s.v. at the hanging mercury drop electrode and at the mercury film electrode is used in the concentration ranges 0.5–100 μg Tl l-1, and 0.01–10 μg Tl l-1, respectively. Quantification is aided by the technique of standard additions. The response of the method is optimized for typical natural surface water matrices. An intercomparison of thalium determinations performed by the two anodic stripping methods and electrothermal-atomization atomic absorption spectrometry on normal and thallium-spiked surface water samples demonstrates equivalent accuracy within the range where atomic absorption is applicable. The method appears free from serious interferences.
Estimation of the Stresses Applied on Aneurysm Wall by the Expansion of Shape Memory Polymer Foam

SMP foams have been proposed for an improved treatment of aneurysms over the currently used Guglielmi Detachable Coils (GDC) [1]. With the recent FDA approval of first SMP medical device in March 2009 by FDA, this procedure has a high potential of being used in aneurysm treatment in humans [2].Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Founding narratives: revolutionary stories at historic houses.

Two American Revolutionary War era homes, now historic houses and sites for archaeological research, in Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts, serve as starting points for a consideration of memory, narrative and history. These are both sites where early nineteenth‐century women made history, mapping the political and military history of the American Revolution onto the domestic fabric of their homes by telling the stories of their recent ancestors, naming rooms and preserving furnishings. In their preservation efforts, these women may not have been primarily focused on telling their own stories, but they made an important statement on the role of domestic spaces in national history and for their own power as history makers. Through material and textual instruments of memory, these women transformed their individual memories into shared narratives, illuminating the process by which a ‘social memory’ of the Revolution was created.
RADICAL RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY: BLADDER NECK PRESERVATION VERSUS RECONSTRUCTION

Purpose:: We compare bladder neck contracture, urinary continence and positive surgical margin rates after bladder neck preservation and excision with radical retropubic prostatectomy.Materials and Methods:: A retrospective analysis of clinical and pathological findings, and followup of 220 patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy was performed. Patients were divided into 3 groups of bladder neck preservation (101), “tennis racket” reconstruction (63) and anterior bladder tube reconstruction (56).Results:: Mean followup was 19.7, 36.7 and 16.2 months, respectively, for bladder neck preservation, tennis racket reconstruction and anterior bladder tube reconstruction. Overall, bladder neck contracture occurred in 22 of 220 cases (10%), including 5 of 101 (5%) with bladder neck preservation, 7 of 63 (11%) with tennis racket reconstruction and 10 of 56 (18%) with anterior bladder tube reconstruction, which approached statistical significance (p = 0.061). Urinary continence was assessed by a thir...
Central charge for integrable O(2N) models

Abstract We study the critical properties of integrable gapless O(2 N ) m models by solving numerically their associated Bethe ansatz equations.
Antimonide NMOSFET with source side injection velocity of 2.7×10 7 cm/s for low power high performance logic applications

Antimonide (Sb) quantum well (QW) MOSFETs are demonstrated with integrated high-к dielectric (1nmAl 2 O 3 –10nm HfO 2 ). The long channel Sb NMOS exhibits effective electron mobility of 6,000 cm2/Vs at high field (2 × 1012 /cm2 of charge density (N s )), which is the highest reported value for any III–V MOSFET. The short channel Sb NMOSFET (L G = 150nm) exhibits a cut-off frequency (f T ) of 120GHz, f T - L G product of 18GHz.µm and source side injection velocity (v eff ) of 2.7×107 cm/s, at drain bias (V DS ) of 0.75V and gate overdrive of 0.6V. The measured f T and f T × L G are 2 x higher, and v eff is 4x higher than Si NMOS (1.0–1.2V V DD ) at similar L G , and are the highest for any III–V MOSFET.
Gene expression profiling in stroke: relevance of blood–brain interaction

Biomarker profiling is utilized to identify diagnostic and prognostic candidates for stroke. Clinical and preclinical biomarker data suggest altered circulating immune responses may illuminate the mechanisms of stroke recovery. However, the relationship between peripheral blood biomarker profile(s) and brain profiles following stroke remains elusive. Data show that neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) predicts stroke outcome. Neutrophils release Arginase 1 (ARG1) resulting in T lymphocyte suppression in peripheral blood. Interestingly, the cellular response to stroke may have implications for known biomarker profiles. Conversely, preclinical evidence suggests that upregulation of ARG1 in microglia is a marker of M2 macrophages and may influence neuroprotection. Comparing clinical and preclinical studies creates opportunities to explore the molecular mechanisms of blood and brain biomarker interactions in stroke.
Modeling of a Microhollow Cathode Discharge Reactor for Carbon Dioxide Dissociation

This paper reports a numerical study on carbon dioxide dissociation using a microhollow cathode discharge (MHCD) plasma reactor. These reactors can produce non-equilibrium plasmas and can be a promising technology for converting carbon dioxide into valuable chemicals and renewable fuels. However, these applications are currently in their early stages. In order to understand the effects of major design and operational parameters on the reactor performance a MHCD system was modeled and simulated. In this study, different types of dielectrics including mica, alumina, acrylic and quartz were used, and applied DC voltage was varied from 250 to 10,000 V. First the operating voltage regions of this reactor were determined based on the breakdown thresholds of the dielectric and gas phase. Then, the effects of applied voltage on the discharge volume and power requirement of operation were determined. Results showed that the reactor with mica as the dielectric material showed the largest operating voltage range, as well as the highest power requirement. In addition, the discharge volume increased with applied voltage and it was possible to discharge about 96% of the gas in the MHCD reactor with mica at 10 kV.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Activities of levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, alone and in combination with amikacin, against acinetobacters as determined by checkerboard and time-kill studies.

A total of 101 Acinetobacter genospecies (77 Acinetobacter baumannii strains and 24 non-A. baumannii strains) were tested for their susceptibilities to levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin and for synergy between the quinolones and amikacin by checkerboard titration and time-kill analyses. The MICs at which 50% of the isolates are inhibited (MIC50)/MIC90s for the 101 strains were as follows (in micrograms per milliliter): levofloxacin, 0.25/16.0; ofloxacin, 0.5/32.0; ciprofloxacin, 0.25/> 64.0; and amikacin, 1.0/> 32.0. At empiric breakpoints of 0.5 to 1.0 were seen for 57, 54, and 55 strains with levofloxacin plus amikacin, ofloxacin plus amikacin, and ciprofloxacin plus amikacin, respectively, and indices of > 1.0 in 43, 45, and 46 strains, respectively, were found with the above three combinations. No strains yielded antagonistic FIC indices (> 4.0). Most FIC results of > 1.0 occurred in strains for which the quinolone MICs were > 2.0 microg/ml and for which the amikacin MICs were > or = 32.0 microg/ml. By contrast, synergy (defined as > or = 2 log10 decrease compared to the more active compound alone by time-kill analysis) was found in all seven strains tested for which the quinolone MICs were 2.0 microg/ml as determined by time-kill analysis, quinolone and amikacin concentrations in combination were usually too high to permit clinical use. Time-kill analysis was found to be more sensitive in detecting synergy than was the checkerboard method.
Analysis of Clinical Stage T2 Prostate Cancer: Do Current Subclassifications Represent an Improvement?

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the extent of palpable cancer within the prostate predicts outcome after radical prostatectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We combined prospectively collected data on 1,755 consecutive clinical stage T2 patients treated with radical prostatectomy alone at four institutions. According to the 1992 American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor-node-metastasis system, 645 (37%) were T2a, 758 (43%) were T2b, and 352 (20%) were T2c. Kaplan-Meier and proportional hazards regression analyses were performed on the 1992 and 1997 T2 subclassifications. After controlling for the effects of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and biopsy Gleason sum, the two staging systems were compared for their ability to predict recurrence-free survival (RFS). Adjusted RFS curves were constructed using the corrected group prognosis method. RESULTS: Follow-up ranged from 1 to 166 months (median, 26 months). Cancer recurred in 417 (24%) of the T2 patients. The 1992 (P = .005) but not the ...
Functional Analysis: Deriving Systems Knowledge from Bibliographic Information Resources

Analyses of particular technology developments provide vital managerial intelligence. Framing of such analyses is key to maximize their managerial value. This paper presents a case analysis of automotive fuel efficiency technologies, posed as a functional analysis, rather than as a technology analysis. This functional perspective provides a systems frame of reference, yielding enhanced managerial knowledge. The case illustrates the use of bibliometric methods to glean systems intelligence from large abstract databases
Presenting Statistical Uncertainty in Trends and Dose-Response Relations

When one estimates the effects of a polytomous exposure, it is common practice to express all effects relative to a baseline or reference level. Certain authors have challenged this practice and proposed alternatives, which we review here. One alternative, the "floating absolute risk" method, can supply useful statistics and trend graphs, but it does not yield valid confidence intervals for relative risks. All categorical methods have further shortcomings when the exposure is continuous, however. These shortcomings can be addressed by plotting or tabulating confidence limits for points on a flexible curve fitted to the uncategorized data.
Short time Fourier transform algorithm for wind response control of buildings with variable stiffness TMD

Th en ew semi-active variable stiffness tuned mass damper (SAIVS-TMD) system, developed by the authors, is capable of continuously varying its stiffness and retuning its frequency in real time. The tuned mass damper (TMD) system can only be tuned to a fixed frequency, which is the first m ode frequency of the building. The SAIVS-TMD system is robust to changes in building stiffness and damping. Th es hort time Fourier transform (STFT) is the most widely used method for studying non-stationary signals. The basic idea of short time Fourier transform is to break up the signal into small time segments and Fourier analyze each time segment to ascertain the frequencies that exist in it. For each different time a different spectrum is obtained and th et otality of these spectra is the time–frequency distribution. The new idea proposed in this study is to use STFT to identify the dominant frequency of response, and track its variation as a function of time to retune the SAIVS-TMD. Th ee ffectiveness of a SAIVS-TMD controlled by the new STFT algorithm for response reduction of a wind excited tall building is investigated in this study. An analytical model of the tall building with time varying stiffness of SAIVS-TMD is developed. The frequency tuning of the SAIVS-TMD is achieved by a new time frequency algorithm based on STFT. It is shown that the SAIVS-TMD can reduce the structural response, when compared to the uncontrolled case and the case with TMD. SAIVS-TMD is particularly effective in reducing the response when the building stiffness changes; the TMD loses its effectiveness under building stiffness variations. The response reductions due to an active tuned mass damper can also be achieved by SAIVS-TMD—with an order of magnitude less power consumption—with the STFT algorithm. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Growth of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by injection CVD using cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl dimer and cyclooctatetraene iron tricarbonyl

Preferential oriented multiwalled carbon nanotubes were prepared by the injection chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method using either cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl dimer or cycloctatetraene iron tricarbonyl as the iron catalyst source. The catalyst precursors were dissolved in toluene as the carrier solvent for the injections. The concentration of the catalyst was found to influence both the growth of the nanotubes as well as the amount of iron in the deposited material. As deposited the multiwalled carbon nanotubes contained as little as 2.8% iron by weight. The material was deposited onto tantalum foil and fused silica substrates. The nanotubes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. This synthetic route provides a simple and scalable method to deposit MWNTs with a low defect density, low metal content and preferred orientation.
Conscious sedation with remifentanil and midazolam during brief painful procedures in children.

Objective To test the hypothesis that remifentanil, because of its favorable pharmacokinetic properties, would be advantageous to use in combination with midazolam to provide analgesia and sedation during brief painful procedures. Design Prospective observation and data collection. Setting University hospital. Patients Seventeen children aged 2 to 12 years, who underwent 20 brief, painful procedures. Interventions Administration of intravenous midazolam hydrochloride, 0.05 mg/kg, and remifentanil hydrochloride, 1 µg/kg, followed by a remifentanil infusion at 0.1 µg·kg−1·min−1. The dose was titrated at 5-minute intervals to levels of sedation and analgesia. Main Outcome Measures Successful remifentanil doses, times to discharge readiness, side effects, complications, and requirement for additional medications. Results The technique was successful in 17 of 20 procedures. The mean±SD successful dose was 0.4±0.2 µg·kg−1·min−1. Four children developed hypoxemia that abated with mild stimulation; 1 child became unresponsive and required positive-pressure ventilation. The mean±SD time to reach discharge criteria was 9.5±4.3 minutes. Hypoxemia was avoided in 10 of 13 patients by continuous stimulation throughout the procedure. Conclusion The use of remifentanil and midazolam during brief, painful procedures results in rapid times to discharge but is complicated by a high incidence of life-threatening respiratory depression at subtherapeutic levels.
Voltammetric redox potentials of carotenoids associated with the xanthophyll cycle in photosynthesis

Abstract Cyclic and square-wave voltammetry have been used to measure the first oxidation potentials of β-carotene, zeaxanthin, and violaxanthin. Zeaxanthin and violaxanthin are enzymatically interconverted in the xanthophyll cycle, one component of the process of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), a molecular adaptation mechanism guarding plants against damage from high light stress. The voltammetric potentials were found to correlate well with computed highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies. The data are important for rationalizing the natural selection of zeaxanthin as an electron donor directly participating in the process of NPQ.
A 3-D seismic case history evaluating fluvially deposited thin-bed reservoirs in a gas-producing property

We conducted a study at Stratton Field, a large Frio gas-producing property in Kleberg and Nueces Counties in South Texas, to determine how to best integrate geophysics, geology, and reservoir engineering technologies to detect thin-bed compartmented reservoirs in a fluvially deposited reservoir system. This study documents that narrow, meandering, channel-fill reservoirs as thin as 10 ft (3 m) and as narrow as 200 ft (61 m) can be detected with 3-D seismic imaging at depths exceeding 6000 ft (1800 m) if the 3-D data are carefully calibrated using vertical seismic profile (VSP) control. Even though the 3-D seismic images show considerable stratigraphic detail in the interwell spaces and indicate where numerous thin-bed compartment boundaries could exist, the seismic images cannot by themselves specify which stratigraphic features are the flow barriers that create the reservoir compartmentalization. However, when well production histories, reservoir pressure histories, and pressure interference tests are incorporated into the 3-D seismic interpretation, a compartmentalized model of the reservoir system can be constructed that allows improved development drilling and reservoir management to be implemented. This case history illustrates how realistic, thin-bed, compartmented reservoir models result when geologists, engineers, and geophysicists work together to develop a unified model of a stratigraphically complex reservoir system.
Variance in number of eggs per patch: oviposition behaviour and population dispersion in a seed parasitic moth

ABSTRACT. 1. The relationship between oviposition behaviour and population dispersion was analysed for Grey a subalba Braun (Lep., Incurvariidae), a species in which females usually, but not invariably. lay eggs in only a few schizocarps (seed-pairs) on each umbellet they visit on Lomatium dissectum (Umbelliferae). During each of four years females exhibited a constant probability of leaving an umbellet after each egg was laid. Hence, some umbellets received more eggs than others and the behaviour matched a geometric distribution of eggs among umbellets. 2. The variance in number of schizocarps attacked per umbellet by individual females did not result from females choosing schizocarps of particular sizes or avoiding schizocarps that already contained eggs or larvae. A potential, but speculative, explanation of the variance is that females distribute their eggs among umbellets in a way that maximizes unpredictability on larval dispersion to a searching parasitoid, The pattern of oviposition by Greya females fits the truncated geometric distribution that is predicted if information, as indexed by the Shannon-Wiener entropy measure, is minimized. None the less, other measures of unpredictability or minimum information are possible, and the results highlight the problem of how to identify patterns of movement that may result from selection for unpredictability to enemies. 3. In systematic surveys of the L.dissectum population during three consecutive years, virtually all plants had between 10% and 65% of their seeds attacked. Hence, the separation of oviposition bouts between umbellets and the constant probability of leaving an umbellet after each egg was laid resulted in a broad distribution of Greya attack among L.dissectum plants.
Social facilitation and sensory deprivation in operant behavior of rats

Female albino rats (N = 35) were used in a study designed to test the effects of social and solitary conditions 6 months before and during 40 hr. of sensory deprivation (SD). Significant social facilitation of operant behavior rates subsequent to SD was demonstrated. Results were compared to earlier findings; influences of illumination and the 6 month, pre-SD period were discussed.
Tobacco Use Is Associated With Increased Complications After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Background:The use of tobacco is a well-established cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. There have been few studies examining the effect of tobacco use on outcomes and complications after arthroscopic knee procedures such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.Purpose:To investigate the relationship between tobacco use and rates of postoperative infection, venous thromboembolism (VTE), arthrofibrosis, and subsequent ACL reconstruction after primary ACL reconstruction.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:A national insurance database was queried for patients who underwent arthroscopic-assisted ACL reconstruction using Current Procedural Terminology code 29888. Patients underage for tobacco use in all regions of the United States (age <20 years), those with prior ACL reconstruction, and those with the following concomitant procedures were excluded: open cruciate or collateral ligament reconstruction, open or arthroscopic cartilage procedures, patellar stabilization, ...
N-Acetyl-L-Aspartic acid: A literature review of a compound prominent in 1H-NMR spectroscopic studies of brain

N-acetyl aspartic acid (NAA), discovered in 1956 by Tallan, is the major peak seen in water-suppressed NMR proton (hydrogen) spectroscopy. NAA makes up about one thousandth of the wet weight of human brain and appears to be limited solely to neurons. This compound has been shown to be relatively stable for a period of twenty-four hours post-mortem and the concentration of NAA is not changed by insulin-induced hypoglycemia. MAO inhibitors lower its concentration while reserpine and other drugs increase it. NAA has been implicated in many processes of the nervous system: it may be involved in the regulation of neuronal protein synthesis, myelin production, or the metabolism of several neurotransmitters such as aspartate or N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate. It is involved in the neurologic disorder Canavan disease and has grown to be a vital component of in vivo 1H-NMR spectroscopic studies.
Using FarmVille in an Introductory Managerial Accounting Course to Engage Students, Enhance Comprehension, and Develop Social Networking Skills:

This article explores the use of the free Zynga computer game FarmVille, which is played in conjunction with Facebook®, to facilitate active learning in a managerial accounting course. Results indi...
Evidence Base Update for Autism Spectrum Disorder

This evidence base update examines the level of empirical support for interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) younger than 5 years old. It focuses on research published since a previous review in this journal (Rogers & Vismara, 2008). We identified psychological or behavioral interventions that had been manualized and evaluated in either (a) experimental or quasi-experimental group studies or (b) systematic reviews of single-subject studies. We extracted data from all studies that met these criteria and were published after the previous review. Interventions were categorized across two dimensions. First, primary theoretical principles included applied behavior analysis (ABA), developmental social-pragmatic (DSP), or both. Second, practice elements included scope (comprehensive or focused), modality (individual intervention with the child, parent training, or classrooms), and intervention targets (e.g., spoken language or alternative and augmentative communication). We classified two...
Invertebrate Colonization of Native and Invasive Aquatic Macrophytes in Presque Isle Bay, Lake Erie

ABSTRACT Aquatic invertebrates were sampled from three abundant species of macrophytes: in Presque Isle Bay, Lake Erie. Samples were taken from Richardson pondweed (Potamogeton richardsonii), which is native to Presque Isle Bay, and from Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) and curly-leaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus), which are invasive plants. One-way analysis of variance showed significant differences (F = 82.51, P < 0.0001) in invertebrate density among macrophyte species. The greatest mean density was found on P. crispus (7,640 organisms/m2). Mean invertebrate density on P. richardsonii (3,660 organisms/m2) and on M. spicatum (3,378 organisms/m2) were not significantly different from one another. The primary reason for the greater density on P. crispus was very high densities of the annelid Stylaria lacustris. Invertebrate richness was highest on P. richardsonii with 19 genera present followed closely by M. spicatum with 18 genera, and the lowest richness occurred on P. crispus, which conta...
Multi‐source perspectives of self‐esteem, performance ratings, and source agreement

Purpose – To examine the relationship between self‐esteem and job performance using others' perceptions of self‐esteem and to examine agreement in ratings of self‐esteem across sources.Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 143 sales representatives, 113 supervisors, 420 peers, 435 customers, and 510 family and friends completed Rosenberg's measure of self‐esteem and a measure of acquaintanceship. Peers and supervisors rated the subjects' job performance. Correlations and hierarchical regression were used to explore the relationships.Findings – Customer, peer, and supervisor perceptions of subjects' self‐esteem related significantly to peer and supervisor performance ratings, whereas self and family/friends perceptions did not. There was limited support for the acquaintanceship effect (greater agreement across sources when familiarity is greater), while context affected agreement (same context sources had greater agreement).Practical implications – The study highlights the importance of looking at an e...
Cylindrically confined assembly of asymmetrical block copolymers with and without nanoparticles

Our recent experimental study on electrospinning of block copolymer (BCP)–nanoparticle (NP) nanocomposites has revealed the formation of unique self-assembling structures in submicron scale fibers. In this paper, we use coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the effect of cylindrical confinement on self-assembly of model asymmetrical BCPs with and without NPs with the aim to understand and control our experimentally found structures. First, the effects of the ratio of the cylindrical confinement diameter to the BCP domain spacing, D/L0, the total polymer chain length, and the polymer–wall interactions on the confined assembly were thoroughly investigated. We examined the core assembled structures along the cylinder axis and constructed a phase diagram for asymmetrical BCP. The structures are categorized by three features: the number of layers of domains, radially interconnected domains, and the number of axially perforated domains. Secondly, NPs with selective attraction towards the (i) minor domain (A) and (ii) major domain (B) were incorporated into asymmetric BCPs. We found that swelling of either domain caused by the inclusion of selective NPs yields different morphologies when compared with a pure BCP with the same effective volume ratio. Interestingly, the effect of confinement on nanoparticle placement was prominently seen if nanoparticles were selectively placed into the minor domain that preferentially wets the confining wall. Finally, the predicted BCP–NP structures are validated by those observed in electrospun BCP–NP nanofibers. The current study demonstrates that coarse-grained MD simulation can offer a useful tool to elucidate, predict and tailor self-assembled structures in electrospun BCP–NP nanofibers.
Putting heterosynaptic plasticity in its place - as easy as PIE.

Since Milner and Scoville published their observations of Henry Molaison's profound memory deficits following bilateral removal of the hippocampal formation (Scoville & Milner, 1957), generations of neuroscientists have sought to understand how the hippocampus executes its essential role in learning and memory. Central to that understanding is elaboration of the functions performed by the circuitry of the hippocampal CA3 region. A signature feature of CA3 is that its principal cells, the pyramidal cells (PCs), generate a highly recurrent network, by giving off and receiving excitatory collateral inputs to and from myriad other CA3 PCs. Inputs to this recurrent network come primarily from layer 2 neurons in nearby entorhinal cortex (EC) via the perforant pathway (PP), which bifurcates into two distinct excitatory pathways: a monosynaptic pathway onto the distal apical dendrites of the PCs; and a disynaptic pathway, where EC inputs synapse onto granule cells in the dentate gyrus, which, in turn, synapse onto the proximal apical dendrites of CA3 PCs via mossy fibre (MF) axons. Owing to their strength and location, the MF inputs strongly drive activity in the PCs despite there being only several dozen of these inputs per neuron (as opposed to thousands of inputs from the PP and recurrent collaterals).
A local instability criterion for solid-state defects

The loss of mechanical stability is a general phenomenon that underlies a wide variety of features in the behavior of crystalline materials. In this paper, we present an instability criterion that is of general applicability, subject to the restriction of low temperatures. The criterion is applied to two situations, that of hydrostatically induced cavitation and of quasi-brittle crack growth due to mode I loading. As judged by the results of independent molecular statics simulations, the predictions of the criterion are quite accurate.
Advanced Usage of Vehicle Sketch Pad for CFD-Based Conceptual Design

Conceptual design is the most fluid phase of aircraft design. It is important to be able to perform large scale design space exploration of candidate concepts that can achieve the design intent to avoid more costly configuration changes in later stages of design. This also means that conceptual design is highly dependent on the disciplinary analysis tools to capture the underlying physics accurately. The required level of analysis fidelity can vary greatly depending on the application. Vehicle Sketch Pad (VSP) allows the designer to easily construct aircraft concepts and make changes as the design matures. More recent development efforts have enabled VSP to bridge the gap to high-fidelity analysis disciplines such as computational fluid dynamics and structural modeling for finite element analysis. This paper focuses on the current state-of-the-art geometry modeling for the automated process of analysis and design of low-boom supersonic concepts using VSP and several capability-enhancing design tools.
On the estimation of stochastically ordered survival functions

An approach for the estimation of stochastically ordered survival functions is examined here. The one-sample problem was considered by Ma (1991),and Puri and Singh (1992). Lo (1987), treated the two-sample problem. Although some aspects of the finite sample and asymptotic distribution theory of the estimators have been presented elsewhere, no studies are available which compare the finite sample bias and mean squared error behavior of these estimators with that of their Nonparametric Maximum Likelihood (NPMLE) counterparts. Also, the case of censored data for finite sample sizes has not been considered. It is the main goal of this paper to fill these gaps. A comparison of the NPMLE estimators with those of Ma, Puri and Singh, and Lo, demonstrate that the NPMLE approach may yield, in some cases, estimators with substantial positive bias. In fact, it turns out that in the one-sample problem, the NPMLE estimator has a uniformly larger positive bias than the estimator of Ma, and Puri and Singh. Monte Carlo st...
Locality preserving projection for domain adaptation with multi-objective learning

In many practical cases, we need to generalize a model trained in a source domain to a new target domain. However, the distribution of these two domains may differ very significantly, especially sometimes some crucial target features may not have support in the source domain. This paper proposes a novel locality preserving projection method for domain adaptation task, which can find a linear mapping preserving the 'intrinsic structure' for both source and target domains. We first construct two graphs encoding the neighborhood information for source and target domains separately. We then find linear projection coefficients which have the property of locality preserving for each graph. Instead of combing the two objective terms under compatibility assumption and requiring the user to decide the importance of each objective function, we propose a multiobjective formulation for this problem and solve it simultaneously using Pareto optimization. The Pareto frontier captures all possible good linear projection coefficients that are preferred by one or more objectives. The effectiveness of our approach is justified by both theoretical analysis and empirical results on real world data sets. The new feature representation shows better prediction accuracy as our experiments demonstrate.
Highly sensitive troponins the answer or just more questions

In 2006, the Institute of Medicine released a report detailing the crisis in emergency care ([1][1]). Our current approach to the care of patients with potential acute coronary syndromes (ACS) has contributed to this crisis. Physicians admit the majority of the 6 million patients that present to the
Distribution and Status-Quo Biased Economic Policies

What is the relationship between income distribution and economic policy/governance? This paper focuses on one way in which distribution can affect the type of economic policies that are enacted by a government. If there is government capture by the economic "elite," the elite may choose to use economic policies to protect and preserve their privileged status. Policies that are status-quo biased in this way, such as limitations on entry and competition, unequal access to capital markets and education etc., tend to be policies that also hinder long-run economic development. This paper first discusses the empirical evidence on inequality and a variety of measures of status-quo bias in economic policy. Then a simple model is presented for examining under what conditions we may expect governments to tend to pursue such policies.
Synthesis and Reactivity of a Nucleophilic Palladium(II) Carbene

Two formal palladium carbene complexes, [PC(sp2)P]Pd(PR3) (3: R = Me; 4: R = Ph) were isolated and characterized from [PC(sp3)H2P] ([PC(sp3)H2P] = bis[2-(di-isopropylphosphino)phenyl]methane, iPr2P-C6H4-CH2-C6H4-PiPr2). Structural studies and DFT calculations indicate that the interaction between palladium and carbon is best described as a single bond, associated with nucleophilic character at that carbon atom. The characteristics of 3 were probed by reactions with electrophiles (MeI), acids (MeOH and HCl), and para-toluidine.