cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
One-Dimensional Space Allocation: An Ordering Algorithm

The space-allocation problem arises when an architect tries to arrange rooms of fixed area but unspecified shape on a floor plan in such a way as to minimize a given linear combination of the distances between all pairs of rooms. In one dimension, this is the problem of ordering line segments along a simple axis or rooms along one side of a corridor. This paper devises an efficient branch-and-bound algorithm for finding the optimal ordering, and shows that the algorithm can solve one special type of facilities-to-locations assignment problem. Space allocation in two dimensions is also discussed briefly.
Out-of-core tensor approximation of multi-dimensional matrices of visual data

Tensor approximation is necessary to obtain compact multilinear models for multi-dimensional visual datasets. Traditionally, each multi-dimensional data item is represented as a vector. Such a scheme flattens the data and partially destroys the internal structures established throughout the multiple dimensions. In this paper, we retain the original dimensionality of the data items to more effectively exploit existing spatial redundancy and allow more efficient computation. Since the size of visual datasets can easily exceed the memory capacity of a single machine, we also present an out-of-core algorithm for higher-order tensor approximation. The basic idea is to partition a tensor into smaller blocks and perform tensor-related operations blockwise. We have successfully applied our techniques to three graphics-related data-driven models, including 6D bidirectional texture functions, 7D dynamic BTFs and 4D volume simulation sequences. Experimental results indicate that our techniques can not only process out-of-core data, but also achieve higher compression ratios and quality than previous methods.
Acting out participant examples in the classroom

1. Preface 2. Contents 3. List of Transcription Symbols 4. Introduction 5. Acting out Participant Examples 6. The Great Books at Colleoni High 7. Example Use and Deictic Mapping 8. Four Enacted Participant Examples 9. Conclusion 10. References 11. Index
Orientation of montmorillonite clay in dicyclopentadiene/organically modified clay dispersions and nanocomposites

Highly delaminated dispersions of the organically modified clay I-28 (Nanocor, Inc.) in liquid dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) were prepared. In situ ring-opening metathesis polymerization of I-28/DCPD nanodispersions generated I-28/poly(DCPD) nanocomposites. When clay/DCPD dispersions were cured under shear, alignment of clay platelets, tactoids, and small particles was captured. This orientation was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The Herman's orientation parameters were calculated for the oriented nanocomposites. Viscosities of these liquid nanodispersions exhibited thixotropic flow behavior, prior to curing. The time-dependent viscosity effects became more pronounced with an increase in delamination. Initial viscosities increased with progressive clay platelet generation during delamination and nanodispersion within the liquid monomer. Viscosity can be used to follow clay exfoliation/delamination. Etching the surface of a 2 wt % I-28 clay/poly(DCPD) nanocomposite with oxygen plasma eroded the matrix, exposing clay tactoids protruding from the surface. These surfaces were examined by SEM and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 2743–2751, 2006
Mass Media, Ideation, and Behavior A Longitudinal Analysis of Contraceptive Change in the Philippines

To estimate the impact of a mass media campaign to promote contraceptive use, a national longitudinal sample survey was conducted in September 1995 and March 1996. Recall of at least one television spot was 82.3%. Modern contraceptive use increased 2.1 percentage points. The conditional change regression analysis revealed that prior contraceptive intention and behavior, current ideation, and prior ideation were the best predictors of contraceptive behavior. The best predictor of ideation was prior level of ideation and recall of campaign messages. Thus, the campaign had a significant indirect effect on intention and behavior through its effect on ideation. Ideation was operationalized by combining cognitive, emotional, and social factors from a predictive model of strategic communication and behavior change. No endogeneity (reciprocity) with contraceptive intention and use was found in the statistical models for either campaign recall or ideation, an indication that the ordinary regression was an appropri...
Teaching conflict resolution skills to the chronically mentally Ill. Social skills training groups for briefly hospitalized patients.

Previous research on social skills training has demonstrated its usefulness as an adjunct treatment for a variety of psychiatric disorders. At the Medical College of Pennsylvania at Eastem Pennsylvania Psychiatric Institute, an acute-care psychiatric hospital, a social skills training group has been in operation for over 3 years. The group is unique in its format in several ways that are described in this article. Data collected over the 3-year period are also presented. The major findings indicate that even over a very brief period of time during an acute hospitalization, patients can learn basic conflict resolution skills. Some predictors of skill acquisition were also identified.
Immunophenotypic variability of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a retrospective study of cases analyzed by flow cytometry.

Flow cytometric analysis is important in the diagnosis, classification, and follow-up of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is assumed that the lymphoma phenotype for each patient remains unchanged over time and is consistent from one specimen to another. To determine the variability in expression of lymphoid antigens, we reviewed 211 flow cytometry specimens of malignant lymphoma from 81 patients. Some antigens showed a stable pattern of expression such as CD5, CD10, CD19, CD20, and HLA-DR. In contrast, CD21, CD22, CD23, and CD25 showed more variability from one specimen to another. We believe several factors affect the stability of antigen expression. True differences in expression most probably are related to the biology and function of the different antigens. For instance, CD19 and CD20 are essential in cell maturation and function and, therefore, are present on the majority of cells. In contrast, CD22 has a role during B-cell activation and, therefore, is more variable. Lack of standardization in flow cytometry procedures also is responsible for some variability. Instrument settings for adequate compensation and the criteria used to determine when an antigen is reported as positive are important considerations when evaluating flow cytometry histograms. Immunophenotyping has a well-established role in the diagnosis and classification of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The Revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasms 1 and the new World Health Organization 2 classification schemes for lymphoid neoplasms emphasized the importance of identifying distinct disease entities using a combination of clinical and laboratory findings. Immunophenotyping is recommended for the accurate distinction of lymphoid neoplasms displaying similar morphologic features. Once a diagnosis has been established, the presence of an abnormal phenotype can assist in the staging and detection of residual or relapsed disease. In addition to its use in diagnosis, immunophenotyping also is being applied to the selection of therapy for some patients with hematologic malignant neoplasms. The anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab is being used in the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory, CD20+, low-grade lymphoma. 3 These clinical applications of immunophenotyping often are performed on the assumption that the phenotype remains stable over time and is uniform from one specimen to another. The present study was performed to determine the variability in expression of different lymphoid antigens in samples from patients with malignant lymphoma for whom more than 1 diagnostic specimen was evaluated by flow cytometry. We discuss the possible reasons for variability in antigen detection and/or expression and the usefulness of selected antibodies in lymphoma diagnosis.
A rapid supervised learning neural network for function interpolation and approximation

This paper presents a neural-network architecture and an instant learning algorithm that rapidly decides the weights of the designed single-hidden layer neural network. For an n-dimensional N-pattern training set, with a constant bias, a maximum of N-r-1 hidden nodes is required to learn the mapping within a given precision (where r is the rank, usually the dimension, of the input patterns). For off-line training, the proposed network and algorithm is able to achieve "one-shot" training as opposed to most iterative training algorithms in the literature. An online training algorithm is also presented. Similar to most of the backpropagation type of learning algorithms, the given algorithm also interpolates the training data. To eliminate outlier data which may appear in some erroneous training data, a robust weighted least squares method is proposed. The robust weighted least squares learning algorithm can eliminate outlier samples and the algorithm approximates the training data rather than interpolates them. The advantage of the designed network architecture is also mathematically proved. Several experiments show very promising results.
Optimal regenerator performance in Stirling engines

The key component of a Stirling engine is its regenerative heat exchanger. This device is subject to losses due to dissipation arising from the flow through the regenerator as well as due to imperfect heat transfer between the regenerator material and the gas. The magnitudes of these losses are characterized by the Stanton number St and the Fanning friction factor f, respectively. Using available data for the ratio St/f, results are found for the Carnot efficiency and the power output of the regenerator. They depend on the conductance and on the ratio of pressures at the two sides of the regenerator. Optimum results for efficiency and power output of the regenerator are derived in the limit of zero Mach number. The results are applied to the Stirling engine. The efficiency and the power output of the engine are found for given amplitude of the compression piston. Optimization with respect to regenerator conductance and piston phase angle leads to a maximum possible value of the power output. Under optimal conditions, the Carnot efficiency just below this maximum is close to 100%. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postharvest changes in broccoli and lettuce during storage in argon, helium, and nitrogen atmospheres containing 2% oxygen

Controlled atmospheres containing 90% argon and 2% oxygen did not delay the accumulation of phenolics in fresh-cut lettuce, or the loss of chlorophyll from broccoli florets beyond that of low oxygen atmospheres made with helium or nitrogen.
Vestibular signs of thiamine deficiency during the early phase of suspected Wernicke encephalopathy

Non-encephalopathic presentations of CNS thiamine deficiency may be difficult to diagnose. We describe neuro-otologic findings of Wernicke syndrome in 5 patients with vestibular manifestations. Diagnosis was confirmed by low serum levels, response to replacement, and brain MRI to exclude other causes. All had bilaterally abnormal horizontal head impulse vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) responses and pathologic gaze-evoked nystagmus, without encephalopathy. After thiamine replacement, 4 had total resolution of vestibular and oculomotor findings. Novel findings included 2 patients whose VOR function improved within minutes of IV repletion and 1 whose recovery was documented by serial quantitative recordings. Early diagnosis of Wernicke by examining vestibular reflexes and prompt IV treatment might prevent encephalopathy and other neurologic or systemic complications of thiamine depletion.
Guilty Pleasure or Pleasurable Guilt? Affective Experience of Impulse Buying in Hedonic-Driven Consumption

Consumption of hospitality products and services is often driven by hedonic motivations. However, the affective aspect of consumption experience is not well understood in the current hospitality li...
Creating a Middle School Mathematics Curriculum for English-Language Learners:

Hispanic English-language learners and other students learning English are failing in K–12 mathematics. The field has not responded with mathematics curricula designed for this population, especially at the middle grades. In response to this academic crisis, the Help with English Language Proficiency (HELP) Math program for middle school students was created. HELP Math is a Web-based supplemental curriculum composed of a series of rich interactive lessons that essentialize mathematical vocabulary and academic concepts so that students can better understand the content. As a vehicle for informing the field about designing mathematics curricula specifically for this population of students, the authors track the journey from conceptualization through research and implementation of this supplemental curriculum, with a particular focus on the key challenges and lessons learned.
Impact of Long-Term Cryopreservation on Single Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation Outcomes

Abstract Umbilical cord blood (UCB) may be collected and cryopreserved for years before use. In vitro and murine models suggest that the duration of storage does not affect UCB progenitor cell performance; however, the impact of UCB age on clinical outcomes has not been definitely defined. This study sought to determine the effect of UCB unit cryopreservation time on hematopoietic potency. We analyzed 288 single UCB units used for transplantation from 1992 to 2013, with unit cryopreservation time ranging from .08 to 11.07 years. UCB unit post-thaw characteristics were examined, including percent recovery of total nucleated cells (TNC). The number of years the UCB unit spent in cryopreservation had no impact on TNC recovery nor UCB unit post-thaw viability. Duration of cryopreservation also had no impact on neutrophil or platelet engraftment in single UCB transplantations. These results show that UCB units can undergo cryopreservation for at least 10 years with no impact on clinical outcomes.
The effect of mutual impedance on the spacing error of an eight-element adcock

An eight-element Adcock array has the advantage of reduced spacing error as compared to four element arrays of the same size. If this error is calculated when the mutual impedances between elements are neglected, spacing error curves result which are poor approximations and may not be attainable in actual measurement. New relationships are derived for the two-phase eight-element array which include the effect of mutual impedance. Curves are plotted to show that earlier published values for the angular spacing between elements are probably too high to result in the best performance. It is shown that the value of \rho=27\deg15' which results when the mutual impedances are neglected may result in an appreciable spacing error. It is apparent that the selection of an antenna becomes quite important since the mutual impedance is determined thereby. Evaluation of the error in a particular case will depend on the antenna selected. It is also shown that, if the goniometer impedance is high, the spacing error will be reduced.
Computational simulation and comparison of prothrombin complex concentrate dosing schemes for warfarin reversal in cardiac surgery.

Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) is increasingly used for acute warfarin reversal. We hypothesized that computational modeling of thrombin generation (TG) could be used to optimize the timing and dose of PCC during hemodilution induced by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Thrombin generation patterns were modeled in anticoagulated patients (n = 59) using a published computational model. Four dosing schemes were evaluated including single full dose (median, 41.2 IU/kg) of PCC before or after CPB, ½-dose before and after CPB, or 1/3-dose before CPB plus 2/3-dose after CPB. Hemodilution was modeled as 40 or 60 % dilution of factors from baseline. The lag time (s) of TG, and peak thrombin level (nM) were evaluated. Prolonged lag time, and reduced peak TG were due to low vitamin K-dependent (VKD) factors, and pre-CPB PCC dose-dependently restored TG to near-normal or normal range. After 40 % dilution, TG parameters were similar among 4 regimens at the end of therapy. The recovery of VKD factors was less when PCC was given before CPB after 60 % dilution, but TG parameters were considered hemostatically effective (>200 nM) with any regimen. Withholding the full dose of PCC until post-CPB resulted in severely depressed TG peak (median, 47 nM) after 60 % dilution, and some supra-normal TG peaks after treatment. Pre-CPB administration of full or divided doses of PCC prevents extremely low TG peak during surgery, and maintains hemostatic TG peaks in both 40 and 60 % hemodilution models. Although PCC’s hemostatic activity appears to be highest using the full dose after CPB, hypercoagulability may develop in some cases.
Categorizing the severity of pain using questions from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey.

Background Based on qualitative and mixed-method approaches, Miller and Loeb have proposed a coding system that combines questions on pain persistence and bothersomeness to create discrete categories of increasing pain severity for use in large population-based surveys. In the current analyses, using data from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey, we quantitatively assess the pain category definitions proposed by Miller and Loeb and compare this original definition to ten alternative definitions. Methods Using multivariate analysis of variance, each definition was related simultaneously to four dependent measures - the Kessler 6 score for measuring psychological distress, the number of health-related bed-disability days, the number of visits to a health professional, and the number of emergency room visits. Following the protocol of Serlin et al, the definition yielding the largest F score was considered the optimal definition. Results The Miller and Loeb definition produced the largest F value (185.87), followed consecutively by several alternative definitions #5 (184.17), #10 (180.95), and #9 (179.5). A nearly identical ordering was found when looking at the mean F value generated from 100 random samples. We also examined the frequencies with which each alternative definition achieved the optimal F value over the 100 random samples. Only two definitions had achieved the optimal F value >5% of the time: the Miller and Loeb definition was optimal 46% of the time, while alternative definition #5 was optimal 41% of the time. Similar results were seen in subpopulations with back pain and joint pain. Conclusion Additional support was provided for the Miller and Loeb coding of pain persistence and bothersomeness to produce discrete categories of increasing pain severity. This two-question coding scheme may prove to be a viable option for assessing pain severity in clinical settings where clinician time and patient burden are limiting factors.
Depth adaptive hydrographic survey behavior for autonomous surface vessels

When autonomous surface vessels conduct systematic seafloor surveying using a swath sonar system, the fixed angular coverage leads to differing horizontal coverage width with depth. Traditionally, missions have been pre-planned using fixed line spacing accounting for the minimum expected depth or with the intention of leaving gaps in some areas. A path planning algorithm and accompanying behaviors have been developed to adaptively survey a region for complete coverage with minimal gaps. Subsequent paths are planned based on measured depths in the field and this process continues until a defined area is completed or a depth threshold reached. The algorithm has been simulated in a custom environment and integrated into the MOOS-IvP marine autonomy system.
Legitimate Economic Efficiency in International Trade Law: Externalities and the Future of WTO Dispute Settlement

This paper explains how the World Trade Organization (‘WTO’) dispute settlement system can cope with ongoing sociocultural globalization and the changing role of state sovereignty. These evolutions have influenced our understanding of the legitimacy of international organizations. In this context, the WTO receives heavy criticism for its democratic deficit. State consent no longer suffices to legitimize its actions. The democratic deficit is especially high with respect to the WTO dispute settlement system, which is increasingly pushed to engage in judicial activism and to rule on non-trade issues.The paper first argues that the traditional economic goals of the WTO no longer suffice. The paper proposes a new dual goal for WTO dispute settlement, coined ‘legitimate economic efficiency.’ The WTO dispute settlement system should increase its own legitimacy, and, at the same time, seek to overcome collective action problems in international economic relations, but only when doing so is efficient.Next, the paper offers a theory for WTO dispute settlement, based on three principles that implement the dual goal: (i) legitimacy, (ii) efficiency, and (iii) subsidiarity. Specific sets of tools are proposed to operationalize these principles.The paper proceeds to show in how these tools are reconcilable with the current legal framework, thereby avoiding the unrealistic pre-requisite of amending the WTO agreements, and how political, institutional and financial hurdles may be addressed.Finally, a case study of the EC – Seal Products dispute shows how the WTO dispute settlers may already be applying some of the tools and principles in their current practice, and how that practice can quite easily be improved in order to better pursue legitimate economic efficiency.
Esotericism in Classical Rabbinic Culture: Interpretive Problems and Prospects

This essay addresses the function of the Talmud and other classical rabbinic writings in the study of Western Esotericism. It begins with an overview of the Talmud with reference to other postbiblical Jewish texts occasionally cited by contemporary scholars as ostensible witnesses to the esoteric practices of the ancient rabbinic sages. Next, it asks whether these texts actually support such a thesis. Finally, it considers how the Talmudic sages were misunderstood to be esoteric exegetes by Christian Kabbalists, such as Giovanni Pico della Mirandola and Johannes Reuchlin, so as to validate their respective pursuits of the prisca theologia, a revelation of pre-Christian divine secrets. The contribution thereby proposes a revised empirical basis upon which to assess the contributions of the Talmudic sages to discourse about Western esotericism.
Sequential Accumulation of K-ras Mutations and p53 Overexpression in the Progression of Pancreatic Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms to Malignancy

ObjectivePancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) provide a spectrum of neoplastic changes ranging from benign to malignant. The authors have correlated K-ras mutations and p53 overexpression with the evolution of these tumors.MethodsAreas of mild, moderate, or severe dysplasia were microdissecte
Relationship of need achievement to self-esteem: evidence for validity of Form B of Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Inventory.

Self-esteem scores, as measured by the recently developed short form of Coopersmith's Self-esteem Inventory (Self-esteem Institute, 1974), were correlated with need achievement scores, as measured by Gough and Heilbrun's (1965) Adjective Check List. Self-esteem and need achievement were significantly related for male (N = 172) and female (N = 85) university students (p < .001 and p < .03, respectively). This finding was interpreted as providing a measure of concurrent validity for the short form of Coopersmith's Inventory.
Blood Justice: The Lynching of Mack Charles Parker. By Howard Smead. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. 240 pp. Hardbound, $19.95.

(1988). Blood Justice: The Lynching of Mack Charles Parker. The Oral History Review: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 150-152.
Familiarity Versus Understanding: A Formative Assessment

Students often feel prepared for exams yet perform poorly. This gap between their sense of knowing the material and their ability to apply their knowledge on a test is frustrating and often leads t...
Perspectives: Nurses' expanding role in developing safety culture: Quality and Safety Education for Nurses – competencies in action:

Safety is a growing global phenomenon reaching crisis proportions. In spite of regulatory mandates, pressure from consumer groups, and organisational initiatives, a 10-year followup report card in the USA indicates little improvement is being made to alleviate preventable patient harm (Wachter, 2010). Increasing evidence indicates organisational leadership at the front lines of care is essential to achieve change; leadership commitment to creating a safety culture reinforces a safety mindset amongst all staff and helps develop behaviours necessary to achieve improvements. Safety is closely linked to attitudes and behaviour, and prevailing mindsets across the care team are integral to culture at both the unit and the organisational level. Still, attitudes and behaviours are difficult to change; new competency models can expand capacity for nurses to develop emotionally intelligent leaders who help lead organisational change in developing and supporting cultures of safety (Armstrong and Sherwood, 2012; Horton-Deutsch and Sherwood, 2008). This perspective examines leadership strategies for creating a culture of patient safety within a learning organisational structure and describes the six core quality and safety competencies from the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses project (Cronenwett et al., 2007) to prepare all staff with the knowledge, skills and attitudes that shape unit safety culture.
New Strategies to Prioritize Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity Interventions

Interventions for obesity have not often been based on considerations that could predict their effectiveness. However, advances in research provide several new approaches that can inform priorities for public health interventions directed at nutrition, physical activity, and obesity. These approaches include estimation of the effect size, comparison of the calorie gap with the caloric deficit induced by the intervention, population reach and impact, cost and cost effectiveness of the intervention, time required to evaluate the effect of the intervention on weight change, and feasibility of the intervention. Incorporation of these considerations by policymakers and public health practitioners will help identify those interventions most likely to achieve changes in the prevalence of obesity.
Micromagnetic simulation of ferrimagnetic TbFeCo films with exchange coupled nanophases

Abstract Amorphous ferrimagnetic TbFeCo thin films are found to exhibit exchange bias effect near the compensation temperature by magnetic hysteresis loop measurement. The observed exchange anisotropy is believed to originate from the exchange interaction between the two nanoscale amorphous phases distributed within the films. Here, we present a computational model of phase-separated TbFeCo using micromagnetic simulation. Two types of cells with different Tb concentration are distributed within the simulated space to obtain a heterogeneous structure consisting of two nanoscale amorphous phases. Each cell contains separated Tb and FeCo components, forming two antiferromagnetically coupled sublattices. Using this model, we are able to show the existence of exchange bias effect, and the shift in hysteresis loops is in agreement with experiment. The micromagnetic model developed herein for a heterogeneous magnetic material may also account for some recent measurements of exchange bias effect in crystalline films.
On Development of University Library

Facing the coming of the knowledge- economy in 21st century and rapid development of higher education in China ,the li- brary must develop its concepts, service, equipments, management, talents,and so on.
Water and Salt Transport on Saline Water Irrigation

The fresh water resource is scarce in the Hetao Irrigation District. Therefore, it is of importance to study saline water irrigation and its impact on soil salinity balance. A saline water irrigation experiment was conducted in Hongwei Water Saving Irrigation Experiment Station during the growing period of sunflower and spring wheat, from middle of Apr. to the end of Nov. in 2002.The results of experiment show that the accumulated salt because of saline irrigation can be removed by the autumn irrigation.SWAP (SoilWaterAtmospherePlant) model developed by Wageningen agricultural college were used as aanalyzing tool. The parameters in the model were calibrated with the data of the saline water irrigation experiment. 
Cathleen A. Baker. From the Hand to the Machine—Nineteenth-Century American Paper and Mediums: Technologies, Materials, and Conservation . Ann Arbor, Mich.: Legacy Press, 2010. xiv, 389p. ISBN 9780979797422. $65.00.

Baker’s book revolves around the innovations occurring in the paper and printing industry in nineteenth-century America, but the scope of the work is actually broader. Because her chosen time frame is one that involved much change and development, and because her knowledge is so deep and broad, Baker looks backward in time and discusses the tried and true techniques that were still being used in early nineteenth-century America and then moves smoothly into the developing technologies. It is a hefty task, and she pulls it off in a seemingly effortless way, imparting a surprisingly comprehensive history of papermaking and printing.
Comparison of electrically and mechanically induced soleus H-reflex depression.

Objectives: The aim of the present investigation was to compare the responses of mechanically-evoked and electrically-evoked conditioning among three different stimulus intensities and provide possible insight in determining whether these two types of inhibitory conditioning demonstrate the same response across the motor pool. Methods: The soleus H-reflex was tested under three different stimulus intensities (25%H max , 50%H max , and H max ), and peak to peak amplitudes were recorded after either mechanical or electrical conditioning For electrical conditioning, the ankle was held at 90 degrees, whereas mechanical conditioning utilized a 10 degree passive dorsiflexion at 15 degrees/sec back to the 90 degree position. All H-reflex measurements were recorded with the ankle at 90 degrees. Results: A 3 × 2 (stimulus intensity x treatment condition) repeated measures ANO VA indicated significant main effects for stimulus intensity (F GG = 16.23; p=.003) and condition (F GG = 28.48; p<.001), as well as an interaction (F (2,18) = 6.59; p=.008). Simple main effects identified significantly more H-reflex depression for mechanical conditioning (94%, 91%, and 44%) compared to electrical conditioning (65%, 55%, and 19%) at 25%H max , 50%H max , and H max , respectively. Conclusions: There appears to be more mechanically than electrically stimulated H-reflex depression when testing at 25%H max , 50%H max , and H max . These results demonstrate the influence of Ia discharge properties on H-reflex depression and may suggest differences in the affinity of Ia terminals to intrinsic presynaptic inhibition at different stimulus intensities.
Limiting the Last-in-Time Rule for Judgments

A troublesome problem arises when there are two binding but inconsistent judgments: Say the plaintiff loses on a claim (or issue) in the defendant’s state and then, in a second action back home, wins on the same claim (or issue). American law generally holds that the later judgment is the one entitled to preclusive effects. In the leading article on the problem, then-Professor Ruth Bader Ginsburg suggested that our last-in-time rule should not apply if the U.S. Supreme Court declined to review the second court’s decision against giving full faith and credit. Although that suggestion is unsound, the last-in-time rule indeed should not apply if the first judgment is American and the second judgment comes from a foreign-nation court. To establish those contentions, this Article must go to the depths of res judicata and conflicts law, not only here under our last-in-time rule but also abroad where a first-in-time rule reigns. The Article resurfaces from the depths to rearrange the puzzle pieces into a simple reformulation—an elaboration rather than an amendment—of the American law on inconsistent judgments.
Trade Analysis by Areas

Table 5 gives the total value of exports and imports for the ten regions for the years 1928, 1938, 1952, 1953 and 1956. These figures are, moreover, converted into percentages in order to indicate the changes which occurred in the relative position of these areas.
Identifying virtual episodes based on character animation traces

Recognizing and captioning the occurrence of virtual episodes can add descriptive capabilities to games and simulations featuring human-like agents. We introduce a captioning heuristic for multi-character animations. The input of our algorithm consists of the traces (lowest-level procedure names) of each character's animation, such as walking, running, talking, reaching, etc. To identify virtual episodes from these traces we pre-authored episode-centric trees called Core Components Trees (CCT). We compute a vagueness measure over each possible match between episode CCTs and the given trace inputs using fuzzy logic, and derive the best match to describe and caption the perceived episodes.
Microbiological Profiles and Storage Temperatures of Egyptian Fish and Other Sea Foods

Raw and cooked fish and other sea foods (108 samples) were collected from hotels of different classes, restaurants, markets, street vendors, and small cook-shops and analyzed for common foodborne pathogens. Salmonellae were isolated from two samples of raw shrimp, but not from raw fish and other seafoods. Shigella was isolated from one sample of raw fish and from two samples of raw shrimp. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was isolated from three raw fish samples and one raw shrimp sample. Forty-eight percent of samples of raw fish, 30% of samples of raw shrimp, and a sample of raw mussels and a sample of crab contained Staphylococcus aureus . Cooked products were free from salmonellae, shigellae and V. parahaemolyticus , but approximately 1/3 of these contained S. aureus , which suggests contamination after cooking. Aerobic colony count (30°C) of cooked fish and shellfish dishes was more than a million organisms/g. Such large numbers of microorganisms on cooked products suggests either a prolonged holding time or gross contamination after cooking.
PSH: A probabilistic signature hash method with hash neighborhood candidate generation for fast edit-distance string comparison on big data

Approximate string matching is essential because data entry errors are unavoidable. Approximately 80% of data entry errors are a single edit distance from the correct entry. We introduce Probabilistic Signature Hashing (PSH), a hash-based filter and verify method to enhance the performance of edit distance comparison of relatively short strings with proven no loss to accuracy. Our experiments show that the proposed method is almost 6800 orders of magnitude faster than Damerau-Levenshtein (DL) edit distance and produces the same exact results. This method combines prefix pruning, string bit signatures and hashing to provide very fast edit-distance comparison with no loss of true positive matches. PSH will provide substantial performance gains as a string comparison metric when used in place of DL.
Optical signatures of defects in low temperature Raman and photoluminescence spectra of 2D crystals (Conference Presentation)

Currently, two-dimensional (2D) layered materials are rapidly emerging as a new platform for many potential applications in nanoscale optoelectronics, optics, flexible electronics, energy, etc. Monolayers of 2D crystals [e.g., transition metals dichalcogenides (TMDs)] are basically surface and therefore, their optoelectronic properties are very sensitive to defects and environment including ambient gases and substrates. However, only limited number of studies is devoted to understanding of the effect of defects on their optical properties. It is not clear if the specific defects have their fingerprints in Raman, absorption, and PL spectra. Here, we report measurements of low temperature (4-150K) Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of TMD monolayers (MoSe2, WS2) with variable and controlled concentrations of specific defects, i.e., chalcogenide atom vacancies, to reveal optical signatures of these defects. The defective TMD monolayers were synthesized using our new laser CVD approach. To identify the type of defects and their concentration the 2D crystals were transferred from a substrate to a TEM grid and atomic resolution STEM and EELS measurements were performed. Low temperature Raman and PL mapping were used to understand spatial distribution of the defects within the 2D crystals. The assignment of the observed spectral features in low temperature Raman and PL spectra was supported by ab initio theoretical modeling. Synthesis science was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. Characterization and computational science at CNMS was supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division, BES.
A Discrepancy Problem: Balancing Infinite Dimensional Vectors

As a corollary of a general balancing result, we prove that there exists a balanced “2-coloring” g of the set of natural numbers \(\mathbb{N}\) such that simultaneously for all integers d ≥ 1, every (finite) arithmetic progression of difference d has discrepancy D g (d) ≤ d 8+ɛ , independently of the starting point and the length of the arithmetic progression. Formally, for every ɛ > 0 there exists a function \(g: \mathbb{N} \rightarrow \{-1,1\}\) such that $$\displaystyle{ D_{g}(d) =\max _{a\geq 1,m\geq 1}\left \vert \sum _{i=0}^{m-1}g(a + id)\right \vert \leq d^{8+\varepsilon } }$$ for all sufficiently large d ≥ d 0(ɛ). This reduces an old superexponential upper bound ≤ d! of Cantor, Erdős, Schreiber, and Straus to a polynomial upper bound. Note that the polynomial range is the correct range, since a well known result of Roth implies the lower bound \(D_{g}(d) \geq \sqrt{d}/20\) for every \(g: \mathbb{N} \rightarrow \{-1,1\}\).We derive this concrete number theoretic upper bound result about arithmetic progressions from a very general vector balancing result. It is about balancing infinite dimensional vectors in the maximum norm, and it is interesting in its own right (possibly, more interesting than the special case above).
The NEIL1 G83D germline DNA glycosylase variant induces genomic instability and cellular transformation.

// Heather A. Galick 1 , Carolyn G. Marsden 1 , Scott Kathe 1 , Julie A. Dragon 1 , Lindsay Volk 3 , Antonia A. Nemec 4 , Susan S. Wallace 1 , Aishwarya Prakash 5 , Sylvie Doublie 1 and Joann B. Sweasy 1, 2 1 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Markey Center for Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA 2 Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA 3 Present address: University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA 4 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA 5 Present address: University of South Alabama, Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA Correspondence to: Joann B. Sweasy, email: joann.sweasy@yale.edu Keywords base excision repair, genomic instability, replication fork collapse, DNA glycosylase, mutagenesis Received: April 13, 2017 Accepted: August 04, 2017 Published: September 08, 2017 ABSTRACT Base excision repair (BER) is a key genome maintenance pathway. The NEIL1 DNA glycosylase recognizes oxidized bases, and likely removes damage in advance of the replication fork. The rs5745906 SNP of the NEIL1 gene is a rare human germline variant that encodes the NEIL1 G83D protein, which is devoid of DNA glycosylase activity. Here we show that expression of G83D NEIL1 in MCF10A immortalized but non-transformed mammary epithelial cells leads to replication fork stress. Upon treatment with hydrogen peroxide, we observe increased levels of stalled replication forks in cells expressing G83D NEIL1 versus cells expressing the wild-type (WT) protein. Double-strand breaks (DSBs) arise in G83D-expressing cells during the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. Interestingly, these breaks result in genomic instability in the form of high levels of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei. Cells expressing G83D also grow in an anchorage independent manner, suggesting that the genomic instability results in a carcinogenic phenotype. Our results are consistent with the idea that an inability to remove oxidative damage in an efficient manner at the replication fork leads to genomic instability and mutagenesis. We suggest that individuals who harbor the G83D NEIL1 variant face an increased risk for human cancer.
Mechanisms of the Regulation of the Intestinal Na+/H+Exchanger NHE3

A major of absorptive process in the proximal part of intestine and kidney is electroneutral exchange of and by exchanger type 3 (NHE3). During the past decade, significant advance has been achieved in the mechanisms of NHE3 regulation. A bulk of the current knowledge on exchanger regulation is based on heterologous expression of mammalian exchangers in exchanger deficient fibroblasts, renal epithelial, and intestinal epithelial cells. Based on the reductionist's approach, an understanding of NHE3 regulation has been greatly advanced. More recently, confirmations of in vitro studies have been made using animals deficient in one or more proteins but in some cases unexpected findings have emerged. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of recent progress in the regulation and functions of NHE3 present in the luminal membrane of the intestinal tract.
Lipopolysaccharide-induced maternal inflammation induces direct placental injury without alteration in placental blood flow and induces a secondary fetal intestinal injury that persists into adulthood.

Problem Premature birth complicates 10%-12% of deliveries. Infection and inflammation are the most common etiologies and are associated with increased offspring morbidity and mortality. We hypothesize that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced maternal inflammation causes direct placenta injury and subsequent injury to the fetal intestine. Method of study Pregnant C57Bl6 mice were injected intraperitoneally on day 15.5 with 100 μg/kg LPS or saline. Maternal serum, amniotic fluid, placental samples, and ileal samples of offspring were obtained assessed for inflammation and/or injury. Maternal placental ultrasounds were performed. Placental DNA was isolated for microbiome analysis. Results Maternal injection with LPS caused elevated IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6, KC-GRO, and TNF. Placental tissue showed increased IL-1β, IL-6, and KC-GRO and decreased IL-10, but no changes were observed in amniotic fluid. Placental histology demonstrated LPS-induced increases in mineralization and necrosis, but no difference in placental blood flow. Most placentas had no detectable microbiome. Exposure to maternal LPS induced significant injury to the ilea of the offspring. Conclusion Lipopolysaccharide causes a maternal inflammatory response that is mirrored in the placenta. Placental histology demonstrates structural changes; however, placental blood flow is preserved. LPS also induces an indirect intestinal injury in the offspring that lasts beyond the neonatal period.
Fat Processing Techniques in Autologous Fat Transfer

Autologous fat is readily available, relatively inexpensive, easy to harvest, and autogenic, without the associated risks of allogenic fillers and implants. Fat, because it involves the transfer of living adipocytes, is also theoretically much longer-lasting and potentially a permanent filler depending on a number of factors related to harvesting and processing of the tissue, reinjection techniques, and vascularity of the recipient bed. The historical aspects of fat processing are described as are future issues with fat processing.
Unknown branch of the total-transmission modes for the Kerr geometry

The gravitational modes of the Kerr geometry include both quasinormal modes and total-transmission modes. Sequences of these modes are parameterized by the angular momentum of the black hole. The quasinormal and total-transmission modes are usually distinct, having mode frequencies that are different at any given value of the angular momentum. But a discrete and countably infinite subset of the left-total-transmission modes are simultaneously quasinormal modes. Most of these special modes exist along previously unknown branches of the gravitational total-transmission modes. In this paper, we give detailed plots of the total-transmission modes for harmonic indices $\ensuremath{\ell}=[2,7]$, with special emphasis given to the $m=0$ modes which all contain previously unknown branches. All of these unknown branches have purely imaginary mode frequencies. We find that as we approach the Schwarzschild limit along these new branches, the mode frequencies approach $\ensuremath{-}i\ensuremath{\infty}$ in stark contrast to the finite mode frequency obtained in the Schwarzschild limit along the previously known branches. We explain when and why, at certain frequencies, the left-total-transmission modes are simultaneously quasinormal modes. At these same frequencies, the right-total-transmission modes are missing. We also derive analytic expressions for the asymptotic behavior of the total-transmission mode frequencies and for the values of the angular momentum at which the modes are simultaneously quasinormal modes.
Conclusion: Media Attention and the Erosion of Humanitarian Norms in the Face of “Security”?

This chapter relates the results of the data analysis to the explanations offered by international law and international relations for why the conflict in Syria receives more global attention than Yemen. While states have justified their interventions in the two conflicts using international laws and norms, such justifications rarely draw media attention to either conflict. Furthermore, the scale of humanitarian crisis alone is not enough to explain the difference in media coverage of the two conflicts, given the paucity of coverage of humanitarian issues in the media sources analyzed. Instead, the use of force by great powers, the diverse array of nonstate actors (including internationally recognized terrorist groups), and structural inequalities within the international system best explain why Syria receives more attention. The chapter concludes by highlighting areas of future research and underscoring the real-world consequences of the lack of global attention to the crisis in Yemen.
Quantification of nitric acid using photolysis induced fluorescence for use in chemical kinetic studies

Abstract Previous laboratory investigations have predominantly relied on UV absorption measurement of [HNO3]. Whilst direct, this measurement is difficult at temperatures