cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Finding leading modes of a viscous free surface flow: an asymmetric generalized Eigenproblem

Stability of steady, two-dimensional, slide coating flow of Newtonian liquid to small, two-dimensional disturbances is analyzed by means of Galerkin's method and finite element basis functions. The resulting sequence of computational problems consists of large, sparse, asymmetric generalized eigenproblemsJx=λMx in whichJ andM depend on system parameters andM is singular. These are solved for the leading modes—eigenvalues of algebraically largest real part, and their eigenvectors—by a flexible method assembled from the iterative Arnoldi algorithm with Schur-Wielandt deflation developed by Saad for the asymmetric eigenproblem; initialization that takes advantage of continuation and can incorporate rational acceleration; complex or real shift of eigenvalue, as appropriate; and—a key ingredient-approximately exponential preconditioning by rational transformation suitable to the singular behavior. The results include leading modes of complicated structure, examples of mode overtaking, turning points beyond which the steady flows do not exist, and Hopf points that mark onset of deleterious, spontaneous oscillations of the flow.
Sticky Brownian motion as the strong limit of a sequence of random walks

Abstract We provide here a constructive definition of the sticky Brownian motion as we show that it is the almost sure uniform limit of path functions of a time changed random walk. The transition distribution of this process is also derived.
Traits and trait names: How well is Openness represented in natural languages?

The five‐factor model of personality has repeatedly emerged from lexical studies of natural languages. When adjective‐based factor scales are correlated with other personality measures, the adequac...
Alkaline hypochlorite oxidation of methyl β-cellobioside

Abstract Methyl β-cellobioside was oxidized with 20 molar equivalents of sodium hypochlorite per mole of glycoside at pH 9 and 50°. D -Erythronic, glyoxylic, D -glyceric, and formic acids were the major products isolated from the hydrolyzate of the oxidized mixture. This indicates preferential attack on C-2 and C-3 of one of the rings and C-2′, C-3′, and C-4′ of the other, with removal of C-3′ as formic acid. Oxalic acid, a minor product of the oxidation, was isolated as the calcium salt before hydrolysis. Glucose and arabinose were detected in the oxidation mixture, before hydrolysis, indicating oxidative cleavage of the acetal linkage. The proportions present were small. Very small proportions of formaldehyde were also present and were shown to arise probably from methanol. Some glucose was found in the hydrolysis mixture, indicating incomplete oxidation, even with the large excess of oxidant used. All of these components were determined quantitatively (Table I). A specific micromethod for the determination of glyoxylic acid is described. A postulated intermediate tetrabasic acid was synthesized. Another acid, probably of related structure, was isolated in small amount.
Effects of nonlinear absorption in BK7 and color glasses at 355 nm

We have demonstrated a simple experimental technique that can be used to measure the nonlinear absorption coefficients in glasses. We determine BK7, UG1, and UG11 glasses to have linear absorption coefficients of 0.0217 {+-} 10% cm{sup -1}, 1.7 {+-} 10% cm{sup -1}, and 0.82 {+-} 10% cm{sup -1}, respectively, two-photon absorption cross-sections of 0.025 {+-} 20% cm/GW, 0.035 {+-} 20% cm/GW, and 0.047 {+-} 20% cm/GW, respectively, excited-state absorption cross-sections of 8.0 x 10{sup -18} {+-} 20% cm{sup 2}, 2.8 x 10{sup -16} {+-} 20% cm{sup 2}, and 5 x 10{sup -17} {+-} 20% cm{sup 2}, respectively, and solarization coefficients of 8.5 x 10{sup -20} {+-} 20% cm{sup 2}, 2.5 x 10{sup -18} {+-} 20% cm{sup 2}, and 1.3 x 10{sup -19} {+-} 20% cm{sup 2}, respectively. For our application, nonlinear effects in 10-cm of BK7 are small ({le} 2%) for 355-nm fluences < 0.2 J/cm{sup 2} for flat-top pulses. However, nonlinear effects are noticeable for 355-nm fluences at 0.8 J/cm{sup 2}. In particular, we determine a 20% increase in the instantaneous absorption from linear, a solarization rate of 4% per 100 shots, and a 10% temporal droop introduced in the pulse, for 355-nm flat-top pulses at a fluence ofmore » 0.8 J/cm{sup 2}. For 0.5-cm of UG1 absorbing glass the non-linear absorption has a similar effect as that from 10-cm of BK7 on the pulse shape; however, the effects in UG11 are much smaller.« less
Metagenomics, Lipoproteins, and Cardiovascular Risk

Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins—very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and chylomicrons—are considered atherogenic. The postprandial state, during which plasma levels of these lipoproteins are increased, is characterized by an inflammatory response that also involves endothelia. Free fatty acids released from chylomicrons and VLDL near the endothelium may be responsible for this. However, recent studies on mice and human subjects have revealed that intestinal absorption of dietary fat promotes absorption of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are atherogenic. Absorbed LPS is transported on chylomicrons, which suggests that LPS could contribute to postprandial inflammation. Recent work suggests that the intestinal microflora may influence atherosclerosis by affecting energy harvest from the diet. The novel link between intestinal absorption of fat and of LPS suggests that the microflora could also affect atherosclerosis by providing proinflammatory material to the bloodstream. Unraveling the chylomicron-associated LPS absorption mechanism and identification of micro-organisms providing the LPS may be beneficial for the prevention of atherosclerosis.
Exchange Rates and Oil Prices: A Multivariate Stochastic Volatility Analysis

In contrast with the large literature that studies the interactions between the oil and the foreign exchange (FX) markets at the return level, this paper examines their relationship at the risk level. We employ the multivariate stochastic volatility (MSV) and the multivariate conditional correlation GARCH (CC-MGARCH) framework to investigate the volatility interactions between the two in an attempt to extract information intertwined in both markets for risk prediction. We offer three major findings. First, the volatility in each market is very persistent. It varies over time in a predictable manner, conditioned on the past information. Second, the volatility in the oil market Granger-causes the volatility in the FX markets but not the other way around. Thus, including the oil market into the information set will improve the FX volatility forecast. Finally, the MSV models outperform the CC-MGARCH counterparts in forecasting FX volatility.
The activation loop of phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases determines signaling specificity.

Abstract Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cell proliferation and survival, cytoskeletal reorganization, and membrane trafficking. However, little is known about the temporal and spatial regulation of its synthesis. Higher eukaryotic cells have the potential to use two distinct pathways for the generation of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. These pathways require two classes of phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases, termed type I and type II PIP kinases. While highly related by sequence, these kinases localize to different subcellular compartments, phosphorylate distinct substrates, and are functionally nonredundant. Here, we show that a 20– to 25–amino acid loop spanning the catalytic site, termed the activation loop, determines both enzymatic specificity and subcellular targeting of PIP kinases. Therefore, the activation loop controls signaling specificity and PIP kinase function at multiple levels.
New results on equivalent integer programming formulations

Methods are given for replacing a system of equations in nonnegative integer variables by a single equation with the same solution set. These results focus on easily specified coefficient conditions rather than on the use of bounds that must be calculated “externally” in order to produce the desired aggregation.
Cross-Cultural Learning and Mentoring: Autoethnographical Narrative Inquiry with Dr. Malcolm Shepherd Knowles

Dr. Malcolm Shepherd Knowles popularized andragogy as the theory of adult learning and was referred to as the Father of Adult Education in the United States (US). As his doctoral students, the authors had extensive personal contacts with him. This paper utilizes the method of autoethnography to explore how cross-cultural learning and cross-cultural mentoring facilitate transformative learning with the development of intercultural competencies for sojourners when they interact with a significant human being in cross-cultural settings.
Iterative regularized error concealment algorithm

In this paper, we propose an iterative regularized error concealment algorithm. The coded image can be degraded due to channel errors, network congestion, and switching system problems. We may have therefore seriously degraded images due to information loss. When the structure of the image and video codec is hierarchical, the degradation may be worse because of the inter-dependence of the coded information. In order to solve the error concealment problem of compressed images, we use an iterative regularized algorithm. We analyze the necessity of an oriented high pass operator we introduce and the requirement of changing the initial condition when all the quantized DCT coefficients in a block are lost. Several experimental results are presented.
Deflections of postbuckled unloaded elasto-plastic thin vertical columns

Abstract Thin vertical columns form a curve with large deflections and slopes when loaded axially by larger than the critical buckling load. For thin columns of elasto-plastic properties, these loads could induce either an elastic state throughout the length of the bar, or an elasto-plastic state with a moment at the base of the bar larger than the yield moment but smaller than the plastic moment. As the load increases, deflections and slopes of the median line of the column increase and yielding progresses from the base towards the free end. However, it is possible that the moments along the median line of the column may decrease, i.e. the column unloads. Due to the large curvatures of the column, the exact expression for the curvature of the median line is used in the Bernoulli-Euler equation (Theory of the Elastica). The boundary-value problem that results contains nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The Euler-Gauss predictor-corrector method has been used to solve the nonlinear differential equations numerically. Deflections of unloaded elasto-plastic thin columns are presented in a graphical form and compared with those of a linearly elastic material.
Implementation of an i.v.-compounding robot in a hospital-based cancer center pharmacy

Purpose The implementation of a robotic device for compounding patient-specific chemotherapy doses is described, including a review of data on the robot’s performance over a 13-month period. Summary The automated system prepares individualized i.v. chemotherapy doses in a variety of infusion bags and syringes; more than 50 drugs are validated for use in the machine. The robot is programmed to recognize the physical parameters of syringes and vials and uses photographic identification, barcode identification, and gravimetric measurements to ensure that the correct ingredients are compounded and the final dose is accurate. The implementation timeline, including site preparation, logistics planning, installation, calibration, staff training, development of a pharmacy information system (PIS) interface, and validation by the state board of pharmacy, was about 10 months. In its first 13 months of operation, the robot was used to prepare 7384 medication doses; 85 doses (1.2%) found to be outside the desired accuracy range (±4%) were manually modified by pharmacy staff. Ongoing system monitoring has identified mechanical and materials-related problems including vial-recognition failures (in many instances, these issues were resolved by the system operator and robotic compounding proceeded successfully), interface issues affecting robot–PIS communication, and human errors such as the loading of an incorrect vial or bag into the machine. Through staff training, information technology improvements, and workflow adjustments, the robot’s throughput has been steadily improved. Conclusion An i.v.-compounding robot was successfully implemented in a cancer center pharmacy. The robot performs compounding tasks safely and accurately and has been integrated into the pharmacy’s workflow.
Structural Implications of Banding in Unstained Collagen

THE three currently accepted three dimensional models for the structure of the collagen fibril predict alternating regions of high and low density along the length of the fibril, with a repeat length (D) of about 650 A (Fig. 1a)1–3. As in the previous two dimensional “modified quarterstagger” model4,5, the denser regions (A bands) are about 0.4 D in length, the less dense or “hole” regions (B bands) are about 0.6 D, and the tropocollagen molecular length is 4.4 D. The electron micrographs of negatively stained native and reconstituted collagen, on which the models are largely based, vividly display large banded features which have been interpreted as due to the higher permeability of the B bands to the dense metal stain6,7. Although electron micrographs of unstained collagen fibrils could be expected to reflect the intrinsic longitudinal density distribution, very few studies have included such micrographs, and these were not detailed8,9. Consequently, we have re-examined unstained collagen fibrils by a simple technique. The observed density patterns seem to conflict with the above models and with the prevailing interpretation of negative staining in collagen.
The application of radiation detection noise as an in situ method of surveillance and performance verification of nuclear instrumentation channels for reactor protection systems

Abstract The monitoring of “detection noise” as a method of surveillance of power plant nuclear instrumentation has been theoretically and experimentally evaluated. The evaluation employed simulated degradations and malfunctions of the neutron sensor and the signal cable to assess the change in the high frequency power spectral density of the random fluctuations in the current signal from the neutron sensor. The experimental measurements were completed with plant instrumentation channels installed in The Ohio State University Research Reactor and in an operating Pressurized Water Reactor. The results of this research demonstrate the feasibility of using detection noise “signatures” to detect degradation and malfunctions in power plant nuclear instrumentation.
Properties of RF sputtered hydrogenated amorphous germanium-silicon alloys

Abstract Amorphous GeSi:H alloys have been prepared by rf sputtering in an argon-hydrogen atmosphere of varying hydrogen partial pressures. Electrical transport properties in the temperature range of 80 K to 373 K and optical and structural properties of these films have been measured. It is found that for a fixed GeSi composition, the hydrogen content strongly affects the electrical conductivity. The absorption edge has been seen to suffer an initial blue shift yielding to a small red shift at higher hydrogen concentrations and is consistent with the conductivity data. The optical pseudo-gap obtained approaches closer to twice the corresponding mobility gap at higher hydrogen concentrations. Structural studies by Raman scattering confirm the amorphous nature of the films. Raman spectra also reveals the presence of various hydrogenic and lattice modes attributable to siliconhydrogen, germaniumhydrogen, SiSi and GeGe interactions. The depolarization ratio ϱ, measured for both unannealed annealed samples, indicates stabilization, due to annealing at selected temperatures. In view of the development of possible material for photovoltaic conversion of solar energy, it is suggested that by an appropriate choice of a fixed GeSi composition and varying the hydrogen content it will be possible to optimize the electrical conductivity and optical band gap in sputtered hydrogenated a-GeSi alloys.
Parasagittal thalamic knife-cuts and cardiac changes

Rabbits received knife-cuts either medial or lateral to the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus (MD), and had stimulating electrodes implanted in MD. These animals were compared to animals with sham knife-cuts for (1) the cardiac component of the orienting reflex (OR) to novel tone stimuli; (2) differential pavlovian heart rate (HR) conditioning, utilizing tones of different frequencies as CSs and paraorbital shock as the US; and (3) heart rate, blood pressure, electromyographic activity, and respiration changes elicited by electrical stimulation in MD. Medial knife-cuts led to faster habituation of the OR, and to somewhat attenuated HR conditioning, but had no effect on stimulation-elicited changes. Lateral knife-cuts, on the other hand, enhanced the stimulation-elicited HR response, but had little effect on the HR OR. The HR CR was unaffected by lateral cuts during an initial conditioning session, but was attenuated in both knife-cut groups during a second session, compared to sham control animals.
Edge Waves in a Rotating Stratified Fluid, an Exact Solution

Abstract Gerstner's exact solution for free-surface waves can be modified beyond the modifications given by Yih and Pollard, to describe edge waves in a rotating fluid with mean rotation and in the presence of a mean velocity. The solution is capable of describing edge waves fixed topographically in a flow parallel to shore with a nonuniform, specified vorticity distribution. The solution is only valid for waves propagating east-west. For a different propagation direction one will have to make approximations.
The Creative Task Creator: A tool for the generation of customized, Web-based creativity tasks

This article presents a Web-based tool for the creation of divergent-thinking and open-ended creativity tasks. A Java program generates HTML forms with PHP scripting that run an Alternate Uses Task and/or open-ended response items. Researchers may specify their own instructions, objects, and time limits, or use default settings. Participants can also be prompted to select their best responses to the Alternate Uses Task (Silvia et al., 2008). Minimal programming knowledge is required. The program runs on any server, and responses are recorded in a standard MySQL database. Responses can be scored using the consensual assessment technique (Amabile, 1996) or Torrance’s (1998) traditional scoring method. Adoption of this Web-based tool should facilitate creativity research across cultures and access to eminent creators. The Creative Task Creator may be downloaded from the Psychonomic Society’s Archive of Norms, Stimuli, and Data, www.psychonomic.org/archive.
Novel highly-efficient and misalignment insensitive wireless power transfer systems utilizing Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonance principles

The wireless powering efficiency of traditional Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) systems is highly sensitive to the alignment between the transmitter and receiver elements; an issue that has limited their applicability in practical wireless power transfer systems. This paper proposes a novel set of SCMR-based topologies that are insensitive to misalignment and isotropic while providing large wireless powering efficiencies. The systems, which are presented here, achieve power transfer efficiencies above 50% over the complete misalignment range of 0-90° with performance that is significantly better than typical SCMR elements.
Vision-based navigation system for obstacle avoidance in complex environments

We present a mobile system capable of autonomous navigation through complex unknown environments that contain stationary obstacles and moving targets. The intelligent system is composed of several fine-tuned computer vision algorithms running onboard in real-time. The first of these utilizes onboard cameras to allow for stereoscopic estimation of depths within the surrounding environment. The novelty of the approach lies in algorithmic efficiency and the ability of the system to complete a given task through the utilization of scene reconstruction and in making real-time automated decisions. Secondly, the system performs human body detection and recognition using advanced local binary pattern (LBP) descriptors. The LBP descriptors allow the system to perform human identification and tracking tasks irrespective of lighting conditions. Lastly, face detection and recognition allow for an additional layer of biometrics to ensure the correct target is being tracked. The face detection algorithm utilizes the Voila-Jones cascades, which are combined to create a pose invariant face detection system. Furthermore, we utilize a modular principal component analysis technique to perform pose-invariant face recognition. In this paper, we present the results of a series of experiments designed to automate the security patrol process. Our mobile security system completes a series of tasks within varying scenarios that range in difficulty. The tasks consist of tracking an object in an open environment, following a person of interest through a crowded environment, and following a person who disappears around a corner.
Temperature-Dependent Refractive Index Determination from Critical Angle Measurements: Implications for Quantitative SPR Sensing

Temperature-dependent measurements of surface coverage and interfacial kinetics remain relatively unexploited in thin-film sensing applications that rely on optical surface-sensitive techniques such as surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR). These techniques are inherently sensitive to the optical properties of the bulk solution in contact with the thin film; therefore, quantitative thin-film sensing requires accurate refractive index data for bulk solutions at the conditions of interest. The refractive index for bulk solutions depends strongly on temperature, solution composition, and optical excitation wavelength. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of critical angle measurements for accurate, independent determination of the refractive index of bulk solutions and present results for different experimental conditions of solution temperature, solution concentration, and excitation wavelength. We also examine the implications of incorrect accounting of the bulk solution for the case of two-color S...
AZT-induced oxidative cardiovascular toxicity: attenuation by Mg-supplementation.

Cardiovascular effects of chronic AZT treatment on SD male rats (185 g) fed either a normal Mg diet (0.1% MgO) or a high Mg diet (0.6% MgO) were examined. AZT treatment (1 mg/ml drinking water) for 3 weeks led to a 5.5-fold (0.88 ± 0.11 nmol/min/106 cells, P < 0.05) elevation in neutrophil basal activity of O2− production versus controls (0.16 ± 0.03 nmol/min, assayed ex vivo as SOD-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction). Concomitantly, plasma 8-isoprostane and PGE2 levels rose 2.1-fold and 3-fold (both P < 0.05), respectively, compared to control; however, RBC GSH decreased 28% (P < 0.02) with GSSG content increased 3-fold, indicative of systemic oxidative stress. High Mg diet substantially attenuated the AZT-induced neutrophil activation by 70% (0.26 ± 0.05 nmol/min, P < 0.05); reduced plasma 8-isoprostane and PGE2 to levels comparable to normal; and RBC GSH was restored back to 92% of control. AZT alone caused moderate, but significant vascular inflammatory lesions in the heart (assessed by HE Mg-supplementation completely prevented (P < 0.05) the weight gain loss due to AZT intake. It is concluded that high dietary Mg may provide beneficial effects against AZT toxicity due to its systemic antioxidative/anti-inflammatory properties.
A note on solution sets of interval-valued fuzzy relational equations

This note discusses three types of solutions for a system of interval-valued fuzzy relational equations with max-T composition and illustrates their relations to the solutions of a system of fuzzy relational inequalities with max-T composition. It validates the major claims appeared in Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making, 2 (2003) 41---60; 4 (2005) 331---349.
Le patient transplanté rénal est-il un insuffisant rénal comme les autres ?

Resume Afin de determiner si le patient transplante renal peut reellement etre assimile a un insuffisant renal chronique (IRC), l’evolution de maladie renale de ces 2 types de sujet a ete comparee. A stade egal d’IRC, la degradation de la fonction renale est plus lente et la survie du rein plus longue chez le transplante que chez l’insuffisant renal. En depit d’un taux de mortalite cardiovasculaire moindre entre 25 et 34 ans et d’une progression plus lente de l’IRC, le taux de survie des transplantes est similaire a celui des insuffisant renaux, probablement en raison du poids de la maladie et de l’immunosuppression. Avec la progression de l’insuffisance renale, le nombre moyen de comorbites chez des patients augmente et, de fait, le poids de la maladie. Enfin, parmi les 3 causes majeures de mortalite chez les transplantes (cardiovasculaire, infectieuse et maligne), les infections, notamment virales, sont les plus specifiques de ces patients compte tenu de leur immunosuppression. La transplantation renale est donc une forme d’IRC specifique, controlee par trois facteurs, le rein unique, l’immunosuppression et le poids de la maladie.
Migration of deformation fronts during progressive deformation: evidence from detailed structural studies in the Pennsylvania Anthracite region, U.S.A.

Abstract Detailed study of selected outcrops in the Pennsylvania Anthracite region has resulted in identification of five, at least partly continuous, stages of Alleghanian progressive deformation. These structural stages are, in sequence: A–layer-parallel shortening and top-to-the-foreland, layer-parallel shear; B—a second episode of layer-parallel shortening; C—flexural-slip and flexural-flow folding; D-fold modification and late, thrust faulting; and E—late veining and fracturing. At each outcrop, an average shortening direction was determined for each observed structural stage. The mean regional shortening direction for each structural stage was calculated and maps showing the spatial distribution of the shortening directions for each stage were constructed. The mean regional shortening directions for the five structural stages successively rotated 25–30° clockwise during the evolution of the fold and thrust belt. Shortening directions for structural stages B and C over the region show a systematic clockwise change in orientation from hinterland to foreland, indicating that these structural stages of progressive deformation were time-transgressive on a regional scale.
Lipid droplet formation during vitellogenesis in the cecropia moth

Abstract Lipid droplets isolated by flotation from the ovary of Hyalophora cecropia were shown to constitute about 12 per cent of the dry weight of the egg, and about 60 per cent of extractable egg lipids. A second form of lipid reserve, conjugated lipoproteins in the protein yolk spheres, presumably makes up much of the remaining 40 per cent. The lipid droplets were 82 to 85% triglyceride and 3 to 8% phospholipid. Total egg lipids by contrast were 63 to 70% triglyceride and 24 to 31% phospholipid. When 3 H-palmitate was injected into the haemocoel, lipid droplets from vitellogenic follicles were found to be heavily labelled. After 24 hr, over 70 per cent of the total follicular radioactivity was found in the isolated lipid droplets, 90 per cent of that being in the form of triglycerides. Autoradiograms confirmed that the deposition of lipid droplets like that of the protein yolk spheres occurs in the peripherial cytoplasm of the oocyte, adjacent to the follicular epithelium.
Use of a resident on-call database to characterize failures in communicating critical laboratory results.

The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments require that laboratories have a procedure for reporting “imminent life-threatening results” to caregivers. Although this system has improved timely intervention, inability to reach care providers undermines its impact (1). Prior analysis of critical result reporting practices has identified qualitative factors that lead to delays in critical result reporting, such as patient location, missing provider information, patient heterogeneity, and nonideal “panic” values (2). However, we have not found reports quantifying sources of communication failures in critical result reporting. Here we report sources of communication failures in reporting critical results in our healthcare system, which has 950 beds equally divided between a university and county hospital. In our system, more than 99% of the time, critical results are called to a care provider by a medical technologist. If this method is unsuccessful, the technologist elicits assistance from the laboratory medicine resident on call to ensure that the value is communicated and appropriate action taken. In 2004 our Clinical Pathology residency program began maintaining an online database of all calls to the on-call laboratory …
Effects of divalent ions and drugs on synaptic transmission in phasic electroreceptors in a mormyrid fish.

We recorded impulses in afferent nerve fibers innervating two kinds of phasic electroreceptors in a mormyrid fish. We used an isolated preparation of skin, receptors, and sensory nerves to estimate synaptic delays, and to change solution in contact with the receptor-nerve synapse. The minimum delays between stimuli and sensory nerve responses, which must be slightly larger than synaptic delays, are about 0.7 msec in medium receptors and about 0.25 msec in large receptors. This result supports previous suggestions that transmission is chemically mediated in medium receptors and electrically mediated in large receptors. Furthermore, Mg+2 depresses synaptic transmission in medium receptors, and has little effect on transmission in large receptors. A complex dependence of response on both Mg+2 and Ca+2 masks divalent ion dependence of transmission, but a large excess of Mg+2 cannot completely block transmission in medium electroreceptors. L-glutamate, and not cholinergic drugs, produces a sequence of excitation and depression of medium receptor response which indicates that a similar chemical is the transmitter in the afferent synapse.
Studies on a biological and a chemical method of controlling the dark rice field mosquito in Louisiana.

Field tests were conducted to develop a method useful for evaluating biological or chemical control, or both, of Psorophora confinnis (Lynch-Arribalzaga). The top minnow, Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard), stocked in flooded rice plots at ½ fish per square foot reduced the mosquito larvae population 96%. Fish were more effective in reducing the mosquito larvae in rice plots which received herbicide applications and in simulated pasture plots than in rice plots which received no chemical treatments. Averages of 87.4, 88.5, and 58.1% control, respectively, of larvae were obtained. The increased efficiency in control probably was a result of less decumbent vegetation in these plots. Abate® (O,O -dimethyl phosphorothioate O,O -diester with 4,4′-thiodiphenol), and fenthion at 0.5 1b per acre in combination with 3 Ib per acre of propanil applied to rice plots 2 days before flooding gave 100 and 99% control, respectively, of P. confinnis larvae. These chemicals were not phytotoxic to the rice plant. Neither Abate nor fenthion residues were detected in the mature rice grain. Dursban® (O,O -diethyl O -3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate), diazinon, malathion, naled, Furadan® (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate), and bromophos were phytotoxic to rice when used in cooperation with propanil at rates lower than necessary to obtain effective control of P. confinnis larvae.
Effects of grafting and solanum understocks on flower formation and abscission of flowers and fruits in the Russet Burbank potato

These studies were made to determine the effects of graftingper se as well as the influence ofSolanum rootstocks on flowering number and percentage of fruit set, number of seeds and seeds per fruit when grafted with scions of the Russet Burbank variety.
Molecular Hydrogen Features in the Spectra of Saturn and Uranus

Abstract The S(1) and S(0) lines of the (4,0) overtone quadrupole rotation-vibration band of molecular hydrogen have been measured on two Lick Observatory 120-inch Coude spectrograms of Uranus; the ratio of the equivalent widths of these two lines results in a temperature of 124° ± 30°K. The same lines have been measured on one Lick spectrogram of Saturn taken in September, 1964, and the resulting rotational temperature is 126° ± 30°K. An average of 103° ± 20°K, was determined from these lines on three Mt. Wilson and Palomar Coude spectrograms taken in 1962. The pressure-induced S(0) (4,0) dipole line found recently at low dispersion in the spectrum of Uranus has been measured on our plates; the central depth is only 0.07 ± 0.02, the equivalent width 3.0 ± 0.5 A , and the half-width about 30 A. No corresponding feature has been found on Saturn, nor any similar feature found on Uranus for the pressure-induced S(1) (4,0) dipole line. Since the strength of the pressure-induced lines increases as the square of the pressure, the atmospheric pressure at the visible layer on Uranus must certainly be greater than that on Saturn, but more laboratory data will be needed before the measurements on this line can be interpreted quantitatively.
Bacteria-like bodies in coalified Carboniferous xylem-enigmatic microspheroids or possible evidence of microbial saprophytes in a vitrinite precursor?

Abstract Possible fossil cocci, both solitary and diplococcus types, have been discovered in coalified tissue (xylem) from coal balls and bituminous coal of Carboniferous age. Most of the presumed bacteria are microspheroids 1–2.5 μm in diameter and were found in partly degraded humic tissue (xylem) from a medullosan seed fern preserved in a coal ball (Herrin No. 6 coal bed, Westphalian D), an indication that they may have been saprotrophs (decay causing). The same kind of bodies were also found in coalified xylem from the Pittsburgh coal bed (early Stephanian). Whatever the origin of the bacteria-like bodies, they provide direct evidence of secondary organic components in tissue that gives rise to vitrinite and fusinite, major macerals of bituminous and anthracitic coals.
Transdermal and Oral dl-Methylphenidate–Ethanol Interactions in C57BL/6J Mice: Transesterification to Ethylphenidate and Elevation of d-Methylphenidate Concentrations

ABSTRACT We tested the hypothesis that C57BL/6J mice will model human metabolic interactions between dl- methylphenidate (MPH) and ethanol, placing an emphasis on the MPH transdermal system (MTS). Specifically, we asked: (1) will ethanol increase d- MPH biological concentrations, (2) will MTS facilitate the systemic bioavailability of l- MPH, and (3) will l- MPH enantioselectively interact with ethanol to yield l- ethylphenidate ( l- EPH)? Mice were dosed with MTS ( 1 4 of a 12.5 cm 2 patch on shaved skin) or a comparable oral dl- MPH dose (7.5 mg/kg), with or without ethanol (3.0 g/kg), and then placed in metabolic cages for 3 h. MPH and EPH isomer concentrations in blood, brain, and urine were analyzed by gas chromatographic–mass spectrometry monitoring of N-( S )-prolylpiperidyl fragments. As in humans, MTS greatly facilitated the absorption of l- MPH in this mouse strain. Similarly, ethanol led to the enantioselective formation of l- EPH and to an elevation in d- MPH concentrations with both MTS and oral MPH. Although only guarded comparisons between MTS and oral MPH can be made due to route-dependent drug absorption rate differences, MTS was associated with significant MPH–ethanol interactions. Ethanol-mediated increases in circulating concentrations of d- MPH carry toxicological and abuse liability implications should this animal model hold for ethanol-consuming attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder patients or coabusers.
1494 NEONATAL POLYCYTHEMIA AND THE DURATION OF LABOR

Elevated intrauterine hydrostatic pressures occurring during labor may redistribute blood within the feto-placental unit in the direction of the fetus. The induction of fetal intravascular hypervolemia is a recognized precursor of neonatal polycythemia. Prolonged labor might thus occur more commonly in association with neonatal polycythemia. To investigate this hypothesis, data from neonatal and obstetric records relating to the births of 30 polycythemic neonates were compared to analogous data from records relating to the births of 100 randomly selected normocythemic neonates. Infants in the two groups were similar for gestational age, gender, birth weight, Apgar scores, and mode of delivery. The umbilical cord was clamped immediately after the delivery of each infant in both groups. Mothers in the two groups were similar for age, gravidity, parity, and obstetric complications. Mothers in the polycythemic group had a greater incidence of hypertension (23% vs. 11%); however, the difference was not highly significant. Mean duration of labor (±SD) in the polycythemic group was 9.0 ± 5.8 hours with a range of 1 to 26 hours. Duration of labor in the normocythemic group was 8.9 ± 6.1 hours with a range of 0 to 30 hours. There was no significant difference in the two groups in the duration of labor or in the duration of ruptured fetal membranes prior to delivery. There was no correlation of calculated neonatal blood volumes per kilogram birth weight with duration of labor in the polycythemic group. Prolonged labor is unlikely to be an important factor in the pathophyslology of neonatal polycythemia.
Vector specificity of barley yellow dwarf virus serotypes and variants in southwestern Idaho.

Summary Plants with symptoms of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) obtained in infection feeding assays of aphids collected in the field in Idaho between 1986 and 1988 were tested for virus transmissibility by possible aphid vectors. Isolates obtained during 1987–1988 were also tested with a range of polyclonal antisera which distinguished PAV, MAV, SGV, RPV and RMV serotypes. In 1989 some Idaho (ID) BYDV isolates, maintained as standards for comparison, were serotyped and tested for aphid transmissibility, using 11 species of aphids. There was not always the expected correspondence between serotype and vector specificity for ID isolates. For isolates obtained from field-collected Rhopalosiphum padi, vector transmissibility and serotype corresponded with previous reports; however, 44% of isolates which were serotyped as RMV were also transmissible by species other than Rhopalosiphum maidis. Similarly, the transmissibility of the ID laboratory standards did not always conform to the reported vector specificity of serotypes. The laboratory ID-MAV culture was transmitted by Metopolophium dirhodum and Myzus persicae as well as by Sitobion avenae. The laboratory ID-SGV culture was transmitted by R. padi and 5. avenae as well as by Schizaphis graminum. The ID-RPV culture was transmitted by S. graminum and Rhopalosiphum insertum as well as R. padi. Both of two laboratory ID-RMV cultures were transmissible by R. insertum and R. padi transmitted one of them. The results indicate that, for isolates collected in Idaho, vector specificity cannot be assumed from their serotypes.
Class-specific restrictions define primase interactions with DNA template and replicative helicase

Bacterial primase is stimulated by replicative helicase to produce RNA primers that are essential for DNA replication. To identify mechanisms regulating primase activity, we characterized primase initiation specificity and interactions with the replicative helicase for gram-positive Firmicutes (Staphylococcus, Bacillus and Geobacillus) and gram-negative Proteobacteria (Escherichia, Yersinia and Pseudomonas). Contributions of the primase zinc-binding domain, RNA polymerase domain and helicase-binding domain on de novo primer synthesis were determined using mutated, truncated, chimeric and wild-type primases. Key residues in the β4 strand of the primase zinc-binding domain defined class-associated trinucleotide recognition and substitution of these amino acids transferred specificity across classes. A change in template recognition provided functional evidence for interaction in trans between the zinc-binding domain and RNA polymerase domain of two separate primases. Helicase binding to the primase C-terminal helicase-binding domain modulated RNA primer length in a species-specific manner and productive interactions paralleled genetic relatedness. Results demonstrated that primase template specificity is conserved within a bacterial class, whereas the primase–helicase interaction has co-evolved within each species.
From the Guest Editor for the December 2014 Issue of Sexuality and Disability: The Emerging Intersection of Sexuality and Disability in the Profession of Social Work

Welcome to this special theme issue on The Intersection of Sexuality and Disability: Implications for the Social Work Profession! I am proud, excited, and grateful to introduce scholars, practitioners, and intellectuals to emerging ideas, conceptions, research, and directions centered on a typically marginalized and overlooked topic in social work— sexuality and disability. Let me begin by providing the context to which this special theme issue originated, what you will encounter in intellectual and practical knowledge from the articles herein, and the potential roadmap of this area of inquiry. I am a councilor on the Council on Disability and Persons with Disabilities (CDPD) of the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE). I have been part of CDPD for the past 2 years and during that time have recommended topics to address in presentations, trainings, and curriculum within the social work profession. One such topic that I felt strongly about is how social workers are taught and trained in the area of intersectionality research, with a focus on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer/Questioning (LGBTQ) individuals with disabilities. Intersectionality is a concept that I encountered as part of doctoral research, but never once heard in graduate classes in social work, nor in the field. As social workers, who attend schools accredited by the CSWE, it is mandatory that we attend the traditional diversity survey course in which learning is focused on identities, but they are conceptualized and understood as separate rather than as intersecting. This situation creates a place where and how social workers begin to make sense of the lived experiences of people’s identity categories, while accounting for power, privilege, and oppression at the institutional level. The CSWE [1] has emphasized in its Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAS) that accredited schools are required to teach students about the dimensions, variability, and intersectionality of identities and the application of social justice. However, when one looks for research in this area, a gap
Structural characterization of damage in Si(100) produced by MeV Si + ion implantation and annealing

Buried amorphous layers were produced by implantation of MeV Si{sup +} ions in silicon single crystal at room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature. The damage is characterized structurally both in the as-implanted condition and after post-implantation furnace annealing. Growth of the amorphous layer during room temperature implantation is found to occur by a layer-by-layer mechanism with relatively sharp interfacial transition regions. A wide region ahead of the buried amorphous region extending to the surface is observed to be free of any extended defects. Recrystallization of the damaged region during thermal annealing occurs by solid-phase epitaxial growth at both interfaces. A lower growth velocity is found at the upper interface, which is attributed to a higher hairpin dislocation density grown-in at this interface. Results of irradiation at liquid nitrogen temperature, on the other hand, show that nucleation and growth of the amorphous damage occurs over a wide region and is not confined to the interfacial region. This results in a very diffuse upper interface composed of a mixture of amorphous and crystalline phases. Substantial reordering is observed in this mixed-phase region after 400 {degree}C annealing, even though this temperature is too low for normal interfacial solid-phase epitaxial growth. Cross-sectional transmission electronmore » microscopy, as well as Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, were used in this study.« less
Calculation of inertial properties of the malleus-incus complex from micro-CT imaging

The middle ear bones are the smallest bones in the human body and are among the most complicated functionally. These bones are located within the temporal bone making them difficult to access and study. We use the micro-CT imaging modality to obtain quantitative inertial properties of the MIC (malleus-incus complex), which is a subcomponent of the middle ear. The principal moment of inertia of the malleus along the superior-inferior axis (17.3 ± 2.3 mg/mm3) is lower by about a factor of six in comparison to the anterior-posterior and lateral-medial axes. For the incus, the principal moment of inertia along the superior-inferior axis (35.3 ± 6.9 mg/mm3) is lower by about a factor of two than for the other two axes. With the two bones combined (MIC), the minimum principal moment of inertia (132.5 ± 18.5 mg/mm3) is still along the superior-inferior axis but is higher than for the individual bones. The superior-inferior axis inertia is lower by a factor of 1.3 than along the anterior-posterior axis and is lower by a factor 2 along the lateral-medial axis. Values for inertia of the MIC show significant individual differences in three human ears measured, suggesting that middle ear models should be based on individual anatomy. Imaging by micro-CT scanner is a nondestructive modality that provides three-dimensional volume information about middle ear bones at each stage of manipulation with resolution down to 10μm. In this work extraneous tissue is removed to obtain a sufficiently small specimen. However, advances in imaging hold promise that this capability will be available for in vivo measurements.
Living with Smartphones: Does Completion Device Affect Survey Responses?

With the growing reliance on tablets and smartphones for internet access, understanding the effects of completion device on online survey responses becomes increasing important. This study uses data from the Strategic National Arts Alumni Project, a multi-institution online alumni survey designed to obtain knowledge of arts education, to explore the effects of what type of device (PC, Mac, tablet, or smartphone) a respondent uses has on his/her responses. Differences by device type in the characteristics of survey respondents, survey completion, time spent responding, willingness to answer complex and open-ended questions, and lengths of open-ended responses are discussed.
Synthesis of tetrazole‐13C and 1,2,4‐triazole‐1,2‐15N2

We report here the syntheses of tetrazole-13C and 1,2,4-triazole-1,2-15N2 by simple, one-step procedures using common, commercially available, isotopically-labeled starting materials. tetrazole- 13C is conveniently prepared from K13CN and NaN3 in 70% yield, almost twice the best reported yield for (unlabeled) tetrazole by similar synthetic methods. 1,2,4-triazole-1,2-15N2 was synthesized in 35% yield from hydrazine-15N2 sulfate and 1,3,5-triazine. From 15N-NMR we determined that 15N was specifically incorporated into the 1 and 2 positions of the triazole ring.
Dependence of the Ge(Li) efficiency slope on the source-to-detector distance

The slope of the linear portion of a Ge(Li) log(efficiency) vs log(energy) plot varies with the source-to-detector distance and crystal geometry. Such considerations should be remembered when applying the empirical function which relates this slope to the detector active volume.