cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teaching Poetry Through Dance

“Teaching Poetry Through Dance” draws upon the similarities between dance and poetry to recommend inclusive and innovative pedagogical practices. The chapter suggests that all poetry, but especially poetry that engages closely with issues of corporality, can be connected to dance, and that emphasizing this connection encourages students to engage with the written word in original and invigorating ways. Delchamps analyzes poems by writers Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson, attesting that such poems take on new meaning when studied alongside videos of dance performances. She further claims that dance teaching methodologies help students learn to study a poem’s form, content, narration, and style. Students think differently about a poem when it is performed; Delchamps therefore recommends kinesthetic, visual, audible, and tactile exercises that work in various teaching environments and for students with diverse learning styles.
Composition-Based Separation of Pt-Fe3O4 Hybrid Nanoparticles by Thermal Field-Flow Fractionation

Colloidal hybrid nanoparticles integrate two or more material domains into a single construct to achieve multifunctionality and synergistic properties. The synthesis of these complex multicomponent hybrid nanoparticles often yields size and composition distributions that subsequently impact observed properties and complicate structure–function studies. Analyses of nanoparticle systems such as these that contain multiple simultaneously occurring distributions are highly challenging. In this work, we introduce thermal field-flow fractionation (ThFFF) as an analytical method to separate and characterize iron oxide (Fe3O4), platinum (Pt), and multicomponent platinum–iron oxide (Pt–Fe3O4) hybrid nanoparticles by composition. The transport of matter by a temperature gradient or thermal diffusion is exploited in the ThFFF separation and characterization of inorganic nanoparticles. Thermal diffusion coefficient (DT) values are determined from measured ThFFF retention times and translational diffusion coefficients...
Entrepreneurial impulsivity is not rational judgment

Abstract A recent JBVi article suggests that impulsive behaviors ought to be understood as rational human action. My comment suggests that such a view is at odds with how impulsivity is commonly understood within other fields of research, within current psychology theorizing and among laymen. It is also at odds with theorizing and empirical findings regarding impulsivity in entrepreneurship.
How Price Dispersion Changes when Upgrades are Introduced: Theory and Empirical Evidence from Airline Industry

This paper studies the effect of introducing a vertical differentiation strategy through sales of upgrades to a new type of premium product on the firm's price dispersion arising from its use of price discrimination for the base product. As a relevant application, we examine, both analytically and empirically, how a major U.S. airline's price dispersion in the coach cabin changed after it introduced the option to upgrade to a new type of premium economy seating within the coach cabin. We first provide a theoretical analysis that highlights two competing pressures that the new premium economy seating upgrades created on coach class prices. On the one hand, the airline benefits from lowering its prices because by allowing more customers to purchase in the first place, it increases the probability of selling upgrades (admission effect). On the other hand, for some customers, the value of flying with the airline increases due to the upgrade availability, therefore the airline may find it optimal to increase its prices (valuation effect). In the second part of the paper, we conduct an empirical investigation of the impact of upgrade introduction on coach class prices based on a proprietary transaction-level dataset from a major U.S. airline company. The empirical analysis tests the main predictions of our theoretical model and examines further nuances. The results show that the introduction of the premium economy seating upgrades is associated with an increase in the price dispersion and revenues in the coach class, the admission effect is stronger than the valuation effect on the low-end of the price distribution, and the opposite is true on the high-end of the price distribution. Finally, we provide the insight that the upgrade strategy can increase both firm revenue and consumer surplus and therefore create a win-win situation.
The Significance of Contrast Density of the Computed Tomography-Angiographic Spot Sign and its Correlation with Hematoma Expansion.

Abstract Background and Purpose The computed tomography angiographic (CTA) spot sign has been shown to predict hematoma expansion in patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), but the significance of the spot sign density (SSD) and the spot sign ratio (SSR) has not yet been explored. Methods Using the institutional Neurocritical care and Stroke registry, we retrospectively reviewed patients with ICH from January-2013 to June-2017. We selected patients who had baseline CT-head (CTH), CTA with positive-spot sign within 6 hours of last known well and at least one follow-up CTH within 24 hours. Baseline demographics and variables known to affect hematoma-volume were collected. Hematoma-volumes and SSR were calculated using computer-assisted 3D-volumetric measurement and the average of the surrounding hematoma density divided by the SSD, respectively. The 2-sample t test and the area-under-the-curve (receiver operating characteristic) were used to detect the association between hematoma expansion and outcome at discharge. Results A total of 320 patients were reviewed; 22 met the inclusion criteria. Significant hematoma expansion (volume expansion ≥12.5 cc or ≥33% compared to baseline) was noted in 14 (64%) subjects. SSD was significantly higher in subjects with hematoma expansion (216 ± 66) than those without (155 ± 52, P = .036). With a cut-off SSD of ≥150 HU, we had sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 75%. For SSR, lower ratios suggested a trend toward hematoma expansion, although it was not statistically significant (P = .12). There was no significant correlation between SSD or SSR and modified ranking scale at discharge and after 3-6 months. Conclusion SSD might be a good predictor of hematoma growth. Although SSR showed a trend toward expansion, results were not statistically significant.
SP0196 IS THERE ROOM FOR OTHER IMAGING MODALITIES BEYOND CONVENTIONAL X-RAYS AND MRI?

Early diagnosis of spondyloarthritis is still tempting since objective measures to assess disease activity are often negative. MRI provides highly sensitive visualization of inflammation, but detection levels in early spondyloarthitis are varying. Another clinical temptation is early treatment evaluation of spondyloarthritis. An important outcome measure is therapeutic efficacy on bone formation in vertebral column and sacro-iliac joints. Conventional X-rays only allow for assessment of bone formation over a time span of at least 2 years. In this presentation, opportunities with new upcoming imaging techniques to address above mentioned clinical issues will be discussed in relation to longer existing imaging techniques. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Clinical and economic outcomes among injection-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes initiating dulaglutide compared with basal insulin in a US real-world setting: the DISPEL Study

Aims To report 1-year clinical and economic outcomes from the retrospective DISPEL (Dulaglutide vs Basal InSulin in Injection Naive Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Effectiveness in ReaL World) Study. Materials and methods This observational claims study included patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and ≥1 claim for dulaglutide or basal insulin between November 2014 and April 2017 (index date=earliest fill date). Propensity score matching was used to address treatment selection bias. Change from baseline in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was compared between the matched cohorts using analysis of covariance; diabetes-related costs were analyzed using generalized linear models. Results Matched cohorts (903 pairs total; 523 pairs with complete cost data) were balanced in baseline characteristics with mean HbA1c 8.6%, mean age 54 years. At 1 year postindex, dulaglutide patients had significantly greater reduction in HbA1c than basal insulin (−1.12% vs −0.51%, p Conclusions In this real-world study, patients with T2D initiating dulaglutide demonstrated greater HbA1c reduction compared with those initiating basal insulin. Although total diabetes-related costs were similar, the total diabetes-related costs per HbA1c reduction were lower for dulaglutide, highlighting the importance of evaluating effectiveness along with the economic impact of medications.
Ultra-Durable and Reliable High-k Textile Capacitors for Wearables and Robotics

Emerging printed sensors and wearable technologies are creating a major impact in the area of health monitoring and robotics. The use of flexible and compact sensors that have wireless connectivity is a must in the Internet-of-Things era (IoT) which can provide personalized care and accurate decision-making capabilities to monitor vital signs and abnormalities in patient care. This work focuses on multipurpose wearable smart textile-based patches for monitoring biomedical health and physical activity. The patches have capacitive sensor elements that can capture critical information on the strength, frequency and duration between specific episodes of movements in the arms, legs and torso [1] as well as motion and proximity feedback in robotics applications. The performance of these extremely thin, light and elastic capacitive patches can be enhanced by use of silicone dielectric elastomer with Barium Titanate Oxide (BaTiO 3 /BTO) nano-particles. BaTiO 3 has a perovskite structure of the form ABO 3 that has many useful properties including high-k dielectric constant, piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity [2] . The grain size of BTO nanoparticles (50 nm and 500nm) has a profound effect in the elastomeric dielectric of the capacitive patches by changing the dielectric constant and incorporating piezoelectricity to the patches [3] . This work illustrates the important features of such composite capacitive patches and their potential for sensing motion, temperature and impact.
Intraepithelial tumour infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with absence of tumour budding and immature/myxoid desmoplastic reaction, and with better recurrence-free survival in stages I-III colorectal cancer.

AIMS Tumour budding (TB), desmoplastic reaction (DR) and intraepithelial tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (iTILs) are recently recognised prognostic factors in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we evaluated their significance and relationship to each other and their cumulative effect on survival. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 372 stages I-III CRC cases from 2013 to 2016 were included. Low TB was identified in 302 (81%) cases, immature/myxoid DR in 67 (18%) cases and iTILs in 130 (35.0%) cases. iTILs was associated with low budding (P = 0.0247), non-myxoid DR (P = 0.0004), poorly differentiated histology (P = 0.0015), absence of perineural invasion (P = 0.0367) and loss of mismatch repair proteins (P = 0.0002). Absence of iTILs and presence of immature/myxoid DR were associated with a worse recurrence-free survival (RFS) [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.191, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.232-3.895; and HR = 5.706, 95% CI = 3.632-8.964, respectively]. A competing risk analysis showed statistically significant prognostic groups combining iTILs and TB (P < 0.0001). Cases with iTILs and low TB were associated with better RFS compared to cases without iTILs and with intermediate/high TB (HR = 0.214, 95% CI = 0.109-0.421). Similarly, combining iTILs and DR revealed statistically significant prognostic groups (P < 0.0001). Cases with iTILs and a non-myxoid DR had better RFS compared to cases without iTILs and immature/myxoid DR (HR = 0.113, 95% CI = 0.056-0.230). On multivariate cause-specific analysis, patients' age (P = 0.0045), iTILs (P = 0.0345), DR (P < 0.0001) and pTNM prognostic groups (P < 0.0001) were associated with RFS. CONCLUSIONS Our study validates the association of iTILs and DR as independent prognostic finding in CRC, and propose a prognostic model using the combinations of iTILs with TB and stromal reaction in CRC.
A Reexamination of the “Planetary” Lensing Events in M22*

We have carried out a further analysis of the tentative, short-term brightenings reported by Sahu and coworkers, which were suggested to be possible lensing of Galactic bulge stars by free-floating planets in the globular cluster M22. Closer examination shows that—unlikely as it may seem—small, pointlike cosmic rays had hit very close to the same star in both of a pair of cosmic-ray split images, and this caused the apparent brightenings of stars at the times and locations reported. We show that the observed number of double hits is consistent with the frequency of cosmic rays in WFPC2 images, given the number of stars and epochs observed. Finally, we point to ways in which cosmic rays can be more directly distinguished.
Hot Topics in Safety for Pediatric Anesthesia

Anesthesiology is one of the leading medical specialties in patient safety. Pediatric anesthesiology is inherently higher risk than adult anesthesia due to differences in the physiology in children. In this review, we aimed to describe the highest yield safety topics for pediatric anesthesia and efforts to ameliorate risk. Conclusions: Pediatric anesthesiology has made great strides in patient perioperative safety with initiatives including the creation of a specialty society, quality and safety committees, large multi-institutional research efforts, and quality improvement initiatives. Common pediatric peri-operative events are now monitored with multi-institution and organization collaborative efforts, such as Wake Up Safe.
The Impact of Service-Oriented Undergraduate Research on an Ongoing Participatory Community Action Research Project at Homeless Shelters

This article provides (a) a brief description of an ongoing research project at homeless shelters, (a) an example of an undergraduate student’s independent (and unique) contributions to the Project; and (c) the student’s reflection on civic-related and professional-related development associated with the work.
The effects of enhanced hands-on experimentation on correcting student misconceptions about work and energy in engineering mechanics

Background: A solid conceptual understanding is essential for students to succeed in all academic disciplines. Student misconceptions are correlated with their poor academic performance and high at...
Attending to the Adversity of Racism Against Young Black Children

The first 1,000 days is one of the most consequential times for children’s development. As a hugely ignored adversity embedded in all aspects of black children’s lives before birth and throughout t...
Barrie’s Inspiration and the Boys Who Didn’t Want to Grow Up

Many critics have tried to pinpoint the source of J. M. Barrie’s inspiration for the character of Peter Pan. A fairly general consensus, based on Barrie’s own claims, regarding his inspiration for ...
High-Level Parallel Programming of an Adaptive Mesh Application Using the Illinois Concert System

We have used the Illinois Concert C++ system (which supports dynamic, object-based parallelism) to parallelize a flexible adaptive mesh refinement code for the Cosmology NSF Grand Challenge. Out goal is to enable programmers of large-scale numerical applications to build complex applications with irregular structure using a high-level interface. The key elements are an aggressive optimizing compiler and runtime system support that harnesses the performance of the SGI-Cray Origin 2000 shared memory architecture.We have developed a configurable runtime system and a flexible Structured Adaptive Mesh Refinement (SAMR) application that runs with good performance. We describe the programming of SAMR using the Illinois Concert System, which is a concurrent object-oriented parallel programming interface, documenting the modest parallelization effort. We obtain good performance of up to 24.4 speedup on 32 processors of the Origin 2000. We also present results addressing the effect of virtual machine configuration and parallel grain size on performance. Our study characterizes the SAMR application and how our programming system design assists in parallelizing dynamic codes using high-level programming.
Contralateral local anesthetic spread from an outpatient interscalene catheter

Ambulatory continuous infusions have been associated with improved analgesia and few serious complications. This report describes an unusual case of a patient with a continuous interscalene nerve block who developed a contralateral upper extremity sensory block. The complication did not occur until postoperative day two while the patient was at home. A 56-yr-old woman had a continuous interscalene catheter placed for arthroscopic lysis of adhesions of her shoulder. The insertion needle was initially injected with 0.5% ropivacaine 25 mL (1:400,000 epinephrine), producing a unilateral interscalene block. Postoperatively, the patient was started on a continuous interscalene infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine at 8 mL·hr−1 via a disposable infusion pump. The next day, the patient had a unilateral brachial plexus block and an associated Horner’s syndrome and was discharged home with the infusion. On the morning of the second postoperative day, the patient developed ipsilateral and contralateral Horner’s syndrome with associated numbness in both shoulders. The catheter was removed and symptoms resolved four hours later. Ambulatory continuous infusions are typically associated with few serious complications and a favourable safety profile. This case demonstrates that unexpected complications can still occur even after days of normal operation. Based on our previous experience, we believe this to be a rare but potentially serious event that requires awareness by those discharging patients with continuous infusions of local anesthetics.
Multipath source routing in sensor networks based on route ranking

Multipath source routing is an effective way to exploit the redundant routes that are usually common in dense sensor networks. In this paper, we present a multipath source routing algorithm that uses a ranking technique to distinguish between the quality of different routes for the same source-destination pair. A ranking coefficient is calculated for each route based on three different metrics- energy, delay and reliability. The number of parallel routes that is considered is governed by the minimum reliability requirements. Simulation experiments are conducted that show that multipath routing can increase the reliability, and dissipate energy more evenly among the nodes.
The Life of the Longhouse: The Ritual Operator

Having argued in Chapter 10 that longhouse communities require a ritual consensus, I shall now appear perversely to argue the opposite. The paradox is neatly illustrated by Aban Jau's confederacy in the 1880s. At Long Batan, people who had radically different ways of manufacturing ancestors – one component forbidding secondary treatment, the other promoting it – came together in a single community. The result was not religious strife, like Protestants versus Catholics, but instead an elaborate ritual accommodation. This was necessary because the essential basis of longhouse community was that everyone be able to participate in everyone else's rituals. That is, they comprised a “congregation” in the sense in which Durkheim (1965 [1912]) used the term. What was not required was a consensus of belief. No one had to recite a credo. Moreover, ritual eccentricities were only to be expected. The funerals of the Berawan at Long Batan were not identical to those of their Sebop neighbours, even after the ritual accommodation had been worked out. Moreover, the Berawan had minor differences among themselves, reflecting a history of previous communal divisions. Consensus did not imply uniformity. If I argued that it did, I would fall back into the old fallacy, often attributed to Durkheim, that the sociological function of religion was to glue collectivities together. In fact, longhouse ritual subverted solidarities as often as it supported them. This chapter is designed to show the constant shifting of attention among different levels of inclusiveness, from the whole community to the individual.
Electronic structure of La0.7Sr0.3Mn1−xCuxO3 (0.0≤x≤0.30)

We have investigated the electronic structure of Cu-substituted La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and using density functional theory within local spin-density approximations (LSDA) and LSDA+U. We find that there is a coexistence of mixed-valent Cu ions, Cu3+ with Cu2+ dominant, in all Cu-substituted LSMO samples. From a deconvolution of the XPS spectra of Cu-2p3/2, we determined the ratios of Cu2+/Cu3+ and Mn3+/Mn4+, and in turn calculated the change in the tolerance factors of Cu-substituted LSMO. Valence-band photoelectron spectra show that the density of states at the Fermi level is made up mainly of the O-2p and Mn-3d states with a small contribution near EF from the Cu-3d states. We find that LSDA+U calculations for La1/2Sr1/2Mn1−xCuxO3 describe the half-metallicity and ground state ferromagnetic ordering with no evidence of antiferromagnetism for all systems consistent with experimental neutron diffraction data. Two electron transport channels of the major Mn–O–Mn and the minor Cu–O–Cu chains are found. This suggests that the electronic transport behavior of Cu-substituted LSMO systems may be explained by a combination of two different transport mechanisms: (i) a σpd hybridization between the eg states in a majority spin-up Mn-d channel with O-2p orbitals in the Mn–O–Mn chain and (ii) a σpd hybridization between the eg states in a dominant minority spin-down Cu-d channel with O-2p orbitals in the Cu–O–Cu chain. We also find that the half-metallicity of the compounds is lost upon Cu-substitution with a resulting anisotropic electronic transport of the Cu-pair electrons in the basal plane and along the c axis.
The Solar-Terrestrial System

In solar-terrestrial physics, the primary objective is to understand the processes that involve both the sun and the earth. In all areas of science, as understanding increases the boundaries of the discipline become more and more encompassing. Thus, the more we learn of energetic processes in the sun, the more we realize how these affect the complex solar atmosphere, the characteristics of interplanetary space, and the generation of geophysical processes. The sun, the interplanetary medium, and the geophysical environment are the basic components of solar-terrestrial system, and each of these components is, of course, worthy of independent study. The ultimate and demanding requirement of solar-terrestrial physics, however, is to understand the coupling processes among these components. For example, a geomagnetic storm may be thought of purely as a disturbance in the geophysical environment wherein altered particle populations and a ring current “explain” the phenomenon. But this description would ignore the basic question of how energy and momentum are transmitted to the magneto-sphere by the interplanetary medium (or solar wind) and, in turn, what solar processes are responsible for the temporal characteristics of the disturbed solar wind.
Induction of mucosal immunity against herpes simplex virus by plasmid DNA immunization.

The ability of mucosally delivered plasmid DNA encoding glycoprotein B (gB) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) to generate systemic as well as distal mucosal immunity was evaluated. BALB/c mice were immunized intranasally (i.n.) with gB DNA or DNA expressing beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal). Two days following immunization, gB and beta-Gal gene expression was detected by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR in lungs and cervical lymph nodes (CLN). Histological analysis showed that beta-Gal protein was expressed in vivo in the lungs and the CLN of animals immunized with i.n. administered beta-Gal DNA. The immune responses generated by i.n. administration of gB DNA with or without cholera toxin (CT) were compared to those generated by intramuscular (i.m.) gB DNA and i.n. live HSV administration. Three i.n. doses of gB DNA over a 3-week period resulted in a distal mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) response. In addition, the mucosal IgA response was enhanced by coadministration of CT with gB DNA. The i.m. route of immunization induced a strong IgG response in the serum and vagina but was inefficient in generating a mucosal IgA response. Antigen-specific cytokine ELISPOT analyses as well as the serum IgG1/IgG2a ratio indicated induction of stronger Th2 responses following the additional i.n. administration of CT compared to i.n. or i.m. gB DNA or i.n. live HSV immunization. In addition, mucosal immunization with gB DNA induced anti-HSV cell-mediated immunity in vivo as measured by delayed-type hypersensitivity. Although i.n. DNA immunization was an effective means of inducing mucosal antibody, it was inferior to i.m. DNA delivery in providing protection against lethal HSV challenge via the vaginal route. In addition, both i.m. and i.n. plasmid immunizations failed to generate an immune barrier to viral invasion of the mucosa.
Risk Tolerance Estimation Bias: The Age Effect

Older individuals are generally assumed to be less risk tolerant compared to others. The purpose of this research was to test how accurately working adults at different ages in the lifespan estimate their risk-taking propensity. Differential predictions, using ANOVA and regression analyses, were assessed. Findings suggest that younger working adults tend to over-estimate their risk tolerance compared to older working adults. Although those in middle-age were shown to under-estimate their risk tolerance compared to the youngest working adults, the results were not significant. A discussion of findings is presented with the proposition that over- and under-estimation of risk tolerance might help explain the types of risk-taking behaviors engaged in by individuals over time.
Binding of Prostaglandin E1 to Beef Thyroid Membranes

Abstract The binding of tritiated prostaglandin E1 ([3H]PGE1) to beef thyroid membranes was investigated by a micro-discontinuous gradient centrifugation method. Two populations of binding sites were found. Binding at pH 7 was found to require Ca2+ (half-maximal concentration 1 mm), was heat-labile, was inhibited by prostaglandins E2 and F1α, arachidonic acid, and 7-oxa-13-prostynoic acid, and was readily reversible. With 5 mm Ca+ at pH 7.0, the affinity constant was 2.6 x 108 m-1. ITP, GTP, and dGTP displaced bound [3H]PGE1 from the membranes at nucleotide concentrations that have been shown to enhance PGE1 activation of adenylate cyclase. Thyrotropin also caused debinding but this effect appears to be nonspecific. The other population of sites was heat-stable, had a pH optimum of 3.6 and a pK of 5.1. Calcium ion, although not required, enhanced the binding of [3H]PGE1 and shifted the optimum pH to 4.5 to 4.7; there were two binding components with apparent affinity constants of 1.6 x 1010 and 1.6 x 108 m-1. These sites had a much lower order of chemical specificity, being less sensitive to prostaglandin analogues or antagonists and insensitive to ITP, GTP, and thyrotropin. On the other hand, binding of [3H]PGE1 at pH 5 was inhibited by C18–24 fatty acids. The degree of inhibition increased with chain length and degree of unsaturation. Thus the binding of [3H]PGE1 was related to both the ionic and lipid properties of PGE1. It is concluded that binding of [3H]PGE1 at pH 7 fulfills the requirements of a physiological binding site whereas binding at pH 5 is nonspecific.
Correlation between photorefractivity, photoconductivity, and dark conductivity in dye-doped, low molecular mass nematic liquid crystal cells

Abstract The photoconductivity and photorefractivity of dye-doped low molecular mass nematic liquid crystal homeotropic cells exhibit a threshold at an applied voltage of the order of 1 V (in our samples). At about the same voltage, the dark conductivity of the cells exhibits a change from a cubic current/voltage characteristic to a linear one. We explain these observations by postulating that the cell's conductivity is due to ionic charge carriers generated near the electrodes by some electrochemical processes activated by the injection of electrons and holes. Below the noted threshold, the dark current is limited by a residual ionic space–charge distribution, and grows as the cube of the applied voltage. In this regime, photogenerated charge carriers are screened and are prevented from forming the static space–charge field needed to initiate an orientational photorefractive response. Above that threshold, the residual ionic space–charge disappears, the cell is a weak ohmic electrolyte, and the photogenerated charges contribute to the photoconductivity and photorefractivity of the cell.
The Effect of Student Color Coding of Knowledge Maps and Test Anxiety on Student Learning

Abstract Students studied a 1,500-word passage in the form of a knowledge map or traditional text. Within the knowledge map and traditional text groups, half of the students studied information that was already color coded, and half were required to color code the information themselves. Those who studied from knowledge maps recalled significantly more than those who studied traditional text. In addition, a marginally significant (p = .08) color-coding and test-anxiety interaction was found. For students who studied materials that were pre-color coded, there was virtually no difference between the free-recall performance of high- and low-test-anxiety groups. By contrast, among students who color coded their own materials, those low in test anxiety performed substantially better on the free-recall test than those high in test anxiety. These results support previous research findings indicating the effectiveness of knowledge maps. In addition, they point to the important role of test anxiety in mediating ou...
Visual kinematics I: visual space metric in visual motion

Abstract Visual deformations of moving objects are traditionally attributed to visual mechanisms, such as spatiotemporal summation and visual masking, that transform the distribution of color/brightness in visual space. This paper presents experimental proof that in addition to these distributional transformations, the metric of visual space itself changes in visual motion. Under steady fixation conditions the perceived spatial separation between non-interacting visual images moving with the same physical velocity shrinks along the direction of motion, but not transversely. The ratio of the perceived longitudinal separation-in-motion to the separation-at-rest does not depend on the latter. This ratio decreases with increasing velocity. A simple principle (Mapping Homogeneity) is proposed and experimentally corroborated that conceptually separates geometric transformations in motion from all conceivable transformations of color/brightness distributions in visual space.
HETEROGENEITY, EXCESS ZEROS, AND THE STRUCTURE OF COUNT DATA MODELS

SUMMARY This paper demonstrates that the unobserved heterogeneity commonly assumed to be the source of overdispersion in count data models has predictable implications for the probability structure of such mixture models. In particular, the common observation of excess zeros is a strict implication of unobserved heterogeneity. This result has important implications for using count model estimates for predicting certain interesting parameters. Test statistics to detect such heterogeneity-related departures from the null model are proposed and applied in a health-care utilization example, suggesting that a null Poisson model should be rejected in favour of a mixed alternative. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. J. Appl. Econ., 12, 337-350 (1997)
Comparison of induced versus spontaneous labor in twins

Objective: To compare intrapartum outcomes of women with twin gestations undergoing an induction of labor versus spontaneous labor. Study design: This retrospective investigation included women with twin gestations undergoing a trial of labor between January 1995 and June 200. Only diamniotic twins with twin A presenting as a vertex at 24–40 weeks of gestation and women with an unscarred uterus were included. Statistical analysis was done using McNemar’s test, paired t test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test for paired samples. Results: A total of 121 patients underwent a trial of labor that was either induced (n = 40) or spontaneous (n = 81). No differences between groups were observed for maternal age, race, parity, and gestational age. Labor that was spontaneous eventually required augmentation in all cases. Labor that was induced, rather than spontaneous with augmentation, required a higher maximum dose (17.3 versus 7.3 mU/min, P <0.01) and a longer duration (688 versus 239 minutes, P <0.01) of oxytocin. Interruption of oxytocin infusion was uncommon when labor was either induced or later augmented (15% versus 13%). A greater need for cesarean delivery of twin A was found in the induced labor group (30.0% versus 9.8%, P <0.05). Conclusion: Labor in twin gestations that was induced, rather than spontaneous, required more time and was associated with a higher cesarean delivery rate.
Attention: beyond neural response increases.

Spatial attention has been shown to enhance visual processing by increasing the strength of neural responses. A new study suggests that in cortical area MT it also shifts neural receptive fields toward attended targets.
Comments on the symmetry structure of bi-Hamiltonian systems

The algebraic structure of exactly solvable equations is reviewed and results are reported which 1) establish that isospectral eigenvalue problems yield hereditary symmetries for bi-Hamiltonian equations and 2) show that if both an equation and its “modified” equation have known Hamiltonian formulations then their hereditary symmetries and bi-Hamiltonian formulations are readily obtained via their Miura transformation.
Fatty infiltration of the peripancreatic space: CT confirmation of a normal variant

Widening of the duodenal sweep on upper GI series is a sign of mass in the pancreatic head. A series of patients was examined in which the widening of the duodenal sweep was solely due to fatty infiltration of the peripancreatic space. Because CT established the diagnosis, more invasive procedures were obviated.
Ability of primary care physicians to diagnose and manage Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

This study assesses the ability of primary care physicians to diagnose and managePneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in a standardized patient (SP) with unidentified HIV infection. One hundred thirty-four primary care physicians from five Northwest states saw an SP with unidentified HIV infection who presented with symptoms, chest radiograph, and arterial blood gas results classic for PCP. Seventy-seven percent of the physicians included PCP in their differential diagnoses and 71% identified the SP’s HIV risk. However, only a minority of the physicians indicated that they would initiate an appropriate diagnostic evaluation or appropriate therapy: 47% ordered a diagnostic test for PCP, 31% initiated an antibiotic appropriate for PCP, and 12% initiated an adequate dose of trimethoprim— sulfamethoxazole. Only 6% of the physicians initiated adjunctive prednisone therapy, even though prednisone was indicated because of the blood gas result. These findings suggest significant delay in diagnosis and treatment had these physicians been treating an actual patient with PCP.
Ab initio geometry refinement of some selected structures of the model dipeptide N-acetyl N'-methyl serine amide☆

Abstract Five structures (two each in the C7eq- and β-regions, and one in the β′-region of the φ(NCα)ψ (CαC′) potential energy surface) were determined of the model dipeptide N-acetyl N′-methyl serine amide by ab initio gradient geometry refinement at the 4-21G level. Energy differences connected with conformations transitions of the CH2OH side group in the same region of φψ space are found to be similar to differences connected with transitions between the C7eq-and β-regions. Different CH2OH torsional arrangements can lead to changes of 12° in the backbone parameter, NCαC′, and of approximately 0.005 A in the NCα bond length. Similar conformationally dependent changes in bond lengths and angles, caused by the side group, are found for the peptide groups. In the most stable conformation investigated in this study, C7eq-region, the α-carbon atom is the bridge head of a tricyclic system, consisting of a five-, a six- and a seven-membered ring, each closed by internal hydrogen bonding.
Science and the state in modern China.

ABSTRACT The question of the role of the state has, in one way or another, dominated historical studies of science and technology in modern China, a field that has experienced rapid growth since the early 1980s both inside and outside of China. While Western scholars have focused their analysis on the state control of science and scientists, Chinese historians and writers, often working under political restrictions, have largely adopted a descriptive approach with an emphasis on biographical, institutional, and disciplinary histories and on the theme of Chinese nationalism. The emergence of an international community of younger historians of science, the easing of access to primary source materials, and new attention to transnational and comparative perspectives promise to make the field an exciting area of scholarship.
Antileukemic Principles Isolated from Euphorbiaceae Plants

Extracts of Euphorbia esula L. and Croton tiglium L., two members of the Euphorbiaceae which have been used widely in folk medicine for treating cancers, showed antileukemic activity against the P-388 lymphocytic leukemia in mice. Systematic fractionation of the extract of Euphorbia esula L. led to characterization of a major antileukemic component as the new diterpenoid diester, ingenol 3,20-dibenzoate. Similar fractionation of Croton oil led to characterization of phorbol 12-tiglate 13-decanoate as an active principle.
Micromere-specific cell surface proteins of 16-cell stage sea urchin embryos.

Abstract Evidence is presented of cell-type specificity of surface proteins from the 16-cell stage sea urchin embryo. The protein composition of the micromere cell surface has been examined by 125 I labelling of intact cells followed by SDS-PAGE. In Arbacia punctulata , four high molecular weight (HMW) proteins are detected on the surface of isolated micromeres—but not on mesomere-macromere fractions. In Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis , a micromere-specific protein of 133 K molecular weight (MW) was identified. This 133 K protein binds to wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) but not to concanavalin A (conA). Lectin binding was studied using a new technique. The procedure involves the separation, by SDS-PAGE, of iodinated cell-surface proteins followed by their electrophoretic transfer to lectin-coated nitrocellulose membranes. Using this procedure, celltype-specific surface proteins which are also lectin-binding-specific, were detected.
Catastrophizing predicts changes in thermal pain responses after resolution of acute dental pain.

Abstract Substantial research suggests that coping strategies, especially catastrophizing, play an important role in shaping adjustment to chronic pain. Although laboratory and clinical studies both suggest that catastrophizing enhances pain, the interaction of catastrophizing and clinical pain on pain sensitivity has received little attention. The present study evaluated the extent to which catastrophizing influenced laboratory thermal pain responses during and after the resolution of acute dental pain. Thermal pain threshold and tolerance, as well as self-reported catastrophizing, were determined in 46 dental patients (15 men and 31 women) experiencing pain as a result of acute pulpitis. All subjects participated in 2 experimental sessions; the first took place immediately before endodontic treatment for relief of pulpal pain, and the second session occurred when patients were pain free, approximately 1 to 2 weeks later. Thermal pain thresholds increased on resolution of acute dental pain, whereas levels of catastrophizing did not change from pretreatment to post-treatment. Catastrophizing was unrelated to thermal pain responses in the presence of acute dental pain (ie, during the first session). Once patients were pain free, catastrophizing showed significant inverse associations with measures of thermal pain threshold and tolerance. In addition, catastrophizing was a robust predictor of changes in thermal pain responses across sessions, with higher baseline catastrophizing predicting reductions or relatively smaller increases in pain threshold and tolerance after successful treatment of acute pain. These data suggest that catastrophizing is prospectively associated with enhanced sensitivity to and reduced tolerance for thermal pain. The use of catastrophizing as a coping strategy might interfere with the resolution of sensitization after cessation of an acutely painful condition, or it might be associated with magnified experimental pain responses across time. Perspective In the presence of acute pain, catastrophizing may contribute to lasting alterations in the central nervous system that promote sensitization-like processes. The use of such methodologies as functional neuroimaging may help to elucidate the putative neurobiological underpinnings of catastrophizing and its effects.
Improving financial reporting with interactive data

There's a new standard for using eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) in financial reports. The authors examine what this will mean, and how it can improve financial reporting. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three-dimensional metal dielectric photonic crystal based on self-assembled gold nanoshells

Recently developed metal nanoshells are ideal building blocks for metal-dielectric photonic crystals operating in visible and near-infrared spectrum. We applied silica coating to screen the van der Waals force and also added a dispersant to increase the electrostatic repulsive force. We also stabilized the gold nanoshell sterically by using a surfactant. With the use of tetrasodium pyrophosphate as a dispersant and Tween as a surfactant, we successfully obtained highly stable colloidal solution of gold nanoshells and subsequently self-assembled them into highly ordered opal structures. We observed well-defined diffraction pattern in the fast Fourier Transform spectra and optical spectra that match well the theoretical photonic band structure.
Triclosan Promotes Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization

ABSTRACT The biocide triclosan is used in many personal care products, including toothpastes, soaps, clothing, and medical equipment. Consequently, it is present as a contaminant in the environment and has been detected in some human fluids, including serum, urine, and milk. Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that colonizes the noses and throats of approximately 30% of the population. Colonization with S. aureus is known to be a risk factor for several types of infection. Here we demonstrate that triclosan is commonly found in the nasal secretions of healthy adults and the presence of triclosan trends positively with nasal colonization by S. aureus. We demonstrate that triclosan can promote the binding of S. aureus to host proteins such as collagen, fibronectin, and keratin, as well as inanimate surfaces such as plastic and glass. Lastly, triclosan-exposed rats are more susceptible to nasal colonization with S. aureus. These data reveal a novel factor that influences the ability of S. aureus to bind surfaces and alters S. aureus nasal colonization. IMPORTANCE Triclosan has been used as a biocide for over 40 years, but the broader effects that it has on the human microbiome have not been investigated. We demonstrate that triclosan is present in nasal secretions of a large portion of a test population and its presence correlates with Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization. Triclosan also promotes the binding of S. aureus to human proteins and increases the susceptibility of rats to nasal colonization by S. aureus. These findings are significant because S. aureus colonization is a known risk factor for the development of several types of infections. Our data demonstrate the unintended consequences of unregulated triclosan use and contribute to the growing body of research demonstrating inadvertent effects of triclosan on the environment and human health.
Electrochromatography in microchips: reversed-phase separation of peptides and amino acids using photopatterned rigid polymer monoliths.

A microfabricated glass chip containing fluidic channels filled with polymer monolith has been developed for reversed-phase electrochromatography. Acrylate-based porous polymer monoliths were cast in the channels by photopolymerization to serve as a robust and uniform stationary phase. UV light-initiated polymerization allows for patterning of polymer stationary phase in the microchip, analogous to photolithography, using a mask and a UV lamp for optimal design of injection, separation, and detection manifolds. The monoliths are cast in situ in less than 10 min, are very reproducible with respect to separation characteristics, and allow easy manipulation of separation parameters such as charge, hydrophobicity, and pore size. Moreover, the solvent used to cast the polymer enables electroosmotic flow, allowing the separation channel to be conditioned without need for high-pressure pumps. The microchip was used for separation of bioactive peptides and amino acids labeled with a fluorogenic dye (naphthalene-2...
Autosomal dominant inheritance of Brachmann-de Lange syndrome

A mother with mild phenotype and her severely affected son, both with classic manifestations of Brachmann-de Lange syndrome (BDLS), are described. This documented mother-to-child transmission supports the hypothesis of autosomal dominant transmission with intrafamilial variability. Known cases of BDLS with autosomal dominant inheritance are reviewed. Although most cases of BDLS are sporadic, a careful evaluation of parents of affected children is important for appropriate genetic counseling.
Latino College Student Adjustment: Does an Increased Presence Offset Minority‐Status and Acculturative Stresses?1

This study examined whether minority-status stresses and acculturative stresses increase the risk of psychological maladjustment of Latino students at a university where Latinos constitute the largest ethnic group. Participants were 338 Latino (228 Mexican American, 110 Central American) college students who responded to a mailed survey. The results of 2 separate hierarchical regression analyses of psychological distress and well-being, controlling for demographic (gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity). sociocultural (level of acculturation), college role (generic college stresses), and personal (academic self-confidence) influences provided partial support for our hypothesis and demonstrated the incremental predictive validity of acculturative stresses, but not of minority-status stresses. Results are discussed in terms of the variety of stresses that Latino college students are likely to experience.
Young Women's Knowledge and Beliefs about Osteoporosis: Results from a Cross-Sectional Survey of College Females.

Abstract Background: About 40% of White American women over age 50 experience osteoporosis–related fracture of the hip, spine, or wrist during their lives. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to...