cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An alanine-to-threonine substitution in protein 4.2 cDNA is associated with a Japanese form of hereditary hemolytic anemia (protein 4.2NIPPON)

Erythrocyte (RBC) protein 4.2 (P4.2)-deficiency observed in Japanese individuals results in a hemolytic anemia associated with abnormally shaped (spherocytic, ovalocytic, and elliptocytic), osmotically fragile RBCs, the clinical presentation of which resembles hereditary spherocytosis (HS). By sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, P4.2-deficient individuals contain less than 1% of the normal membrane content of P4.2 and immunologic analysis shows that the P4.2 present exists as an equimolar doublet of 74-Kd and 72-Kd bands, in contrast to normal RBC membranes where a discrete 74-Kd band is not observed. RBC membranes from both of the biologic parents of a P4.2-deficient individual contained both the 74-Kd and the 72-Kd bands, demonstrating their heterozygosity for the P4.2 defect. The molecular basis of Japanese P4.2-deficiency was investigated by reverse transcription of total reticulocyte RNA, followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, subcloning, and sequencing. The complete cDNA sequence of a P4.2-deficient patient showed a single point mutation that changes codon 142 from GCT (alanine) to ACT (threonine) (Protein 4.2NIPPON). The mutation also eliminated an HgaI restriction site, therefore allowing rapid screening for the presence of the mutation. Screening of PCR-amplified genomic DNA showed that the mutation was present in the homozygous state in four (eight chromosomes) unrelated Japanese P4.2-deficient individuals and absent in 35 (70 chromosomes) P4.2-normal controls (including 15 Japanese [30 chromosomes]). The presence of the mutation was confirmed by allele-specific hybridization. The mutation occurred in an alternatively spliced exon that is present in two of four P4.2 mRNA splicing isoforms. These results demonstrate that Japanese P4.2-deficiency is closely associated with the P4.2 gene and does not arise secondarily to a defect in another membrane protein, and further suggest that the P4.2-deficiency is related to the pathogenesis of the hemolytic anemia in this variant form of recessively inherited spherocytosis.
Transnasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilatory exchange for pre-oxygenation and apnoeic oxygenation during rapid sequence induction

Rapid sequence induction (RSI) in the ICU, emergency department (ED) and operating room (OR) carries the risk of hypoxemia if laryngoscopy is prolonged especially in high-risk patients. Bag and mask pre-oxygenation is normally used to extend the apnoea time; however, arterial desaturation may still rapidly occur. Transnasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE) is a new technique that provides modest CPAP during pre-oxygenation and crucially also continuous oxygenation of the pharyngeal space throughout the apnoeic period. In elective surgery, THRIVE provides apnoea times as long as 60 minutes due to apnoeic oxygenation [1]. We report the first implementation of THRIVE with emergency patients into the ICU, ED and OR.
Educational Psychology: What Do We Teach, What Should We Teach?

Teacher education students sometimes question the value of educational psychology courses even though educational psychology textbooks are primarily concerned with understanding and improving classroom teaching and learning. A survey of current educational psychology textbooks and instructors reveals that (a) most texts cover a wide variety of topics, (b) instructors rate most of these topics as important, (c) there are large variations in depth of coverage among texts, and (d) all texts contain numerous classroom applications. The questionable reputation of the educational psychology course may stem from its broad coverage. A dozen or more topics in one semester may decrease the probability that most students will achieve a solid grasp of any one topic, leaving students uncertain about the course's meaning and applicability. A proposed solution is to offer the introductory course as a two-semester sequence, with the second course offered as an elective.
Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandins Mediate Vasodilation to 5,6-EET in Rabbit Lung

We have previously found that 5,6-EET (epoxyeicosatrienoic acid)(50 nM) significantly dilates the vascular bed(42%) of the isolated, constantly perfused rabbit lung, which has been constricted with U46619(5-8 pM). We studied the role of EDRF-NO and prostaglandins in the 5,6-EET-induced vascular relaxation. Dilation to 5,6-EET was evident only when the pulmonary vascular tone was increased. L-NNA (N omega-nitro-L-arginine, 10(-4) M), an inhibitor of NO synthase(NOS); U46619(5-10 pM), a thromboxane mimetic; and L-NNA + INDO(indomethacin, 10(-5) M), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, all increased the pressure of pulmonary artery(PPa) from baseline, to a peak range of 28-38mmHg(32.75 [symbol: see text] 2.2), whereas INDO alone increased Ppa only by 10mmHg. L-NNA + INDO,L-NNA alone, and INDO + U46619 attenuated the 5,6-EET relaxing effect by 100%, 88% and 64.5%, respectively. In the presence of L-NNA and 5,6-EET, SNAP(S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine, 10(-6) M), a NO donor, reduced Ppa by 75%. We conclude that the mechanism of vasodilation to 5,6-EET in the rabbit pulmonary circulation is via both EDRF-NO and PG pathways and that the vasodilation is largely EDRF-NO dependent.
Application of Community-Engaged Research to Inform the Development and Implementation of a Peer-Delivered Mobile Health Intervention for Adults With Serious Mental Illness

: Involving certified peer specialists in all phases of intervention development and research is a high priority to advance peer-delivered services. Certified peer specialists are individuals with a lived experience of a mental illness, and they are trained and accredited to provide Medicaid reimbursable mental health services. Community-engaged research can facilitate the development and implementation of peer-delivered interventions; however, little is known about the processes. We present our application of community-engaged research to inform the development and implementation of a peer-delivered mobile health (mHealth) intervention for adults with serious mental illness. : The aim of this study was to present a framework that can be used as a guide for researchers and certified peer specialists to develop and implement peer-delivered mHealth interventions in community settings. : Informed by principles of community-engaged research, we developed the Academic Researchers-Certified Peer Specialists mHealth Research Continuum. Principles of community-engaged research included in the Continuum include the following: (1) develop a clear understanding of the purpose, goal, and population involved in community change; (2) become knowledgeable about all aspects of the community; (3) interact and establish relationships with the community; (4) encourage community self-determination; (5) partner with the community; (6) respect community diversity and culture; (7) activate community assets and develop capacity; (8) maintain flexibility; and (9) commit to long-term collaboration. : Overall, 4 certified peer specialists participated in all phases of intervention development and research. Individuals who participated in the Academic Researchers-Certified Peer Specialists’ mHealth Research Continuum collaborated on 5 studies advancing peers’ roles in services delivery using mHealth and secured grant funding from a foundation to sustain their study. The Academic Researchers-Certified Peer Specialists’ mHealth Research Continuum has created a rare environment of inclusion by combining scientific expertise and certified peer specialists’ expertise to achieve a shared vision. : This study delineates a process by which academic researchers and certified peer specialists participated in community-engaged research to develop and implement peer-delivered mHealth interventions in community settings.
Identification and quantification of trace oxygenated compounds in alternative jet fuels: Fluorescence methods for fast detection of phenolic compounds in operational field conditions

Abstract The trace-oxygenated compounds in jet fuel reduce thermal stability. The identification and quantification of oxygenated species is typically conducted using solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by the analysis of extracted molecules by GC–MS. Our experimental results confirmed that SPE followed by methanol extraction of phenolic compounds could separate and recover quantitatively the oxygenated polar species from the fuel; however, the method is labor-intensive. The UV-Fluorescence of methanol-soluble SPE phenol doped jet fuels showed a linear response with phenol concentration. Although in general the UV-fluorescence response of phenols in jet fuel is linear, differences in response were observed depending on the type of standard studied. The differences in response can be explained by the nature of side functional groups in phenol with quenching effects. Fluorescence quenching with Rhodamine B (Rh-B) was explored for the direct analysis of phenols in jet fuels. The strong binding ability of phenols on Rh-B explain the quenching effect observed. However, studies conducted with other jet fuels indicates that nature of the fuel matrix also influences Rhodamine B (Rh-B) UV quenching. To address this issue, a new method that removes oxygenated compounds by SPE and that compares the Rhodamine-B spectra before and after SPE was developed.
Where should we go from here? Identified gaps in the literature in psychosocial interventions for youth with autism spectrum disorder and comorbid anxiety

Many children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) present with comorbid anxiety. Therefore, it is imperative that professionals working with youth with ASD and comorbid anxiety symp...
Regional Infoveillance of COVID-19 Case Rates: Analysis of Search-Engine Query Patterns.

Background: Timely allocation of medical resources for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) requires early detection of regional outbreaks. Internet browsing data may predict case outbreaks in local populations that are yet to be confirmed. Objective: We investigated whether search-engine query patterns can help to predict COVID-19 case rates at the state and metropolitan area levels in the United States. Methods: We used regional confirmed case data from the New York Times and Google Trends results from 50 states and 166 county-based designated market areas (DMA). We identified search terms whose activity precedes and correlates with confirmed case rates at the national level. We used univariate regression to construct a composite explanatory variable based on best-fitting search queries offset by temporal lags. We measured the raw and z-transformed Pearson correlation and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the explanatory variable with out-of-sample case rate data at the state and DMA levels. Results: Predictions were highly correlated with confirmed case rates at the state (mean r=0.69, 95% CI 0.51-0.81; median RMSE 1.27, IQR 1.48) and DMA levels (mean r=0.51, 95% CI 0.39-0.61; median RMSE 4.38, IQR 1.80), using search data available up to 10 days prior to confirmed case rates. They fit case-rate activity in 49 of 50 states and in 103 of 166 DMA at a significance level of .05. Conclusions: Identifiable patterns in search query activity may help to predict emerging regional outbreaks of COVID-19, although they remain vulnerable to stochastic changes in search intensity.
Biomaterial Based Strategies for Engineering New Lymphatic Vasculature

The lymphatic system is essential for tissue regeneration and repair due to its pivotal role in resolving inflammation, immune cell surveillance, lipid transport, and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Loss of functional lymphatic vasculature is directly implicated in a variety of diseases, including lymphedema, obesity, and the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Strategies that stimulate the formation of new lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis) could provide an appealing new approach to reverse the progression of these diseases. However, lymphangiogenesis is relatively understudied and stimulating therapeutic lymphangiogenesis faces challenges in precise control of lymphatic vessel formation. Biomaterial delivery systems could be used to unleash the therapeutic potential of lymphangiogenesis for a variety of tissue regenerative applications due to their ability to achieve precise spatial and temporal control of multiple therapeutics, direct tissue regeneration, and improve the survival of delivered cells. In this review, the authors begin by introducing therapeutic lymphangiogenesis as a target for tissue regeneration, then an overview of lymphatic vasculature will be presented followed by a description of the mechanisms responsible for promoting new lymphatic vessels. Importantly, this work will review and discuss current biomaterial applications for stimulating lymphangiogenesis. Finally, challenges and future directions for utilizing biomaterials for lymphangiogenic based treatments are considered.
Influence of the Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (MMRTG) on the local atmospheric environment

Abstract A survey around a recently-fueled MMRTG in the terrestrial atmosphere finds a warm air plume with a characteristic updraft velocity of ~1 m/s and a temperature rise of ~4 ​K. Additionally, a roughly hundredfold enhancement in ion density to ~70,000/cm3 in the vicinity (
Cloud, Context, and Cognition: Paving the Way for Efficient and Secure IoT Implementations

The Internet of Things (IoT) is growing rapidly but faces constant challenges to its deployment. Consumer and industry fears about the security of connected systems, as well as the high resource costs of connectivity, limit IoT’s use to low-criticality, inexpensive, and easy to service systems. Reducing energy and bandwidth resource requirements, as well as improving system security, would enable IoT on devices and systems with greater potential for impact. We propose the use of Cloud resources to apply knowledge of system models to building context and cognition for connected systems, thereby reducing resource requirements through the use of estimation and improving security by way of abstraction and forward simulation. We envision an architecture comprised of “Data Proxies” and a “Cognitive Layer” to supervise system behavior and validate the impact of commands prior to execution of actuation requests. These elements work in concert to apply system models to meet prescribed “Quality of Data” targets with minimal resource use. The use of this architecture will reduce economic and sentiment barriers to the adoption of the IoT, allow more devices to connect, and generate data more rapidly than ever before, enabling novel opportunities for data-informed actuation.
A 1.2 kV 400A SiC-MOSFET Based 3L-TNPC Power Module With Improved Hybrid Packaging Method for High-Density Applications

Three-level T-type neutral-point-clamped converters (3L-TNPC) are widely used in motor drive and PV applications because of the higher efficiency, improved output THD, and lower common-mode noise. But such topology suffers from high stray inductance because of the complicated power loop structure. This paper proposes a SiC-MOSFET based 3L-TNPC power module with a hybrid packaging method. The module has a printed circuit board (PCB) directly soldered on top of direct bounding copper (DBC), with bare dies soldered on DBC and connecting to PCB by bonding wires. Such a structure allows the power loop on both DBC and PCB. This reduces stray inductance through enhanced mutual-inductance cancellation. The introduced PCB can provide extra flexibility in gate-loop optimization, enabling synchronous gate drive between parallel dies. The heat from dies can also be directly dissipated through DBC and the proposed direct-soldered coldplate. A 1.2 kV, 400 A SiC 3L-TNPC module is fabricated with measured loop inductance of 2.5 nH. Faster driving speed by using 0.33Ω gate resistance is enabled to reduce switching loss. Eventually, double-pulse tests and continuous tests are carried out to evaluate the module.
The Good and the Rational

In this paper, I wish to raise a question which I may not be able to answer but which I hope at least to clarify. For reasons which we shall examine, I believe that the project of technical rationality which has been the hallmark of modernity is today ethically, sociologically and ecologically bankrupt. Does that mean, though, that we must abandon our commitment to reason and turn to some form of post-modern a-rationality? I do not believe so. It does, however, call for a recognition of the primacy of practical reason or, less obscurely, the recognition that the universe does not turn from a random aggregate of discrete entities into a meaningfully ordered whole in virtue of what we believe to be true about it, but in virtue of what we recognise as good within it.
Patterns of Sequence Variability in Immunoglobulin Variable Regions: Functional, Evolutionary, and Genetic Implications

It is now clear that the humoral immune response is the result of the production of large amounts of immunoglobulin (Ig) by descendants of individual clones of lymphoid cells. These cells also bear that same Ig on their surface as a specific antigen receptor, a fundamental requirement of the clonal selection hypothesis (Jerne, 1955; Burnet, 1959). These receptors, when released from the cell, maintain their capacity to interact with that same antigen. This chapter will concern itself with how that antigen-antibody interaction is mediated from a structural point of view, and will focus especially on the nature of the antibody variability required to cope with the myriads of antigens encountered by vertebrates. The phenomenon of idiotypy and some possible mechanisms for the generation of the required Ig diversity will be included in the discussion, as will some phylogenetic distinctions in Ig structure that are discernible among a number of higher species.
Childhood Obesity and Anorexia Nervosa

Historically, moderate obesity in infants and children has been viewed as a sign of health and as an affirmation that one’s mother is loving and nurtrant. In less affluent countries such as India, obesity is considered to be a demonstration that the family has enough wealth to procure food. Additional evidence also suggests that various cultures differ in the norms for body weight that are considered to be the ideal of physical attractiveness for men and women (Goldblatt, Moore, & Stunkard, 1965).
Complementary Methods for Citizen Mapping of Ecosystem Services: Comparing Digital and Analog Representations

In June 2014, the authors organized and led a citizen mapping activity for primary and secondary teachers with the dual goal of educating them about ecosystem services of a local river (and its environs) and empowering them as contributors of important social information about the valuation of their local ecosystem. We employed two methods to enable this citizen mapping: an “analog” method, using Mylar sheets, dry-erase markers, and print-outs of a satellite view of the area of interest; and a “digital” method, employing Collector for ArcGIS and related databases to create a community map of ecosystem services in real time. This chapter reports on the similarities and differences in content and style of the resulting maps, and in engagement and behavior of the participants. As citizen-enabled geospatial inquiry (in the form of both contributions and analysis of geographic data) continues to grow, an examination of multiple ways of enabling that inquiry is relevant and required. We conclude that, in the context of an open-ended citizen mapping activity with the intent to empower participants and collect survey-like geo-referenced data, both techniques are recommended to document the phenomenon and attitudes about it most completely.
Narrow-Band Hybrid Pulsed Laser/EMAT System for Non-Contact Ultrasonic Inspection Using Angled Shear Waves

Conventional ultrasonic testing (UT) using angled shear waves to locate and size potentially critical cracks and flaws in power generation and refinery equipment has become a widely utilized industrial tool. Because this technique uses piezoelectric transducers it requires intimate surface contact and fluid couplants. Therefore, conventional UT has the important drawback that it is difficult to use on surfaces at elevated temperature and, as a result, may require costly plant shut downs to implement. The development of non-contact techniques for angled shear wave UT would represent a significant improvement in the ability to test hot vessels and pipes.
A SUMMARY OF SOME CLINICAL ASPECTS OF OBESITY

AS A POINT of departure for this summary I wish to present an outline of mechanisms for the development of obesity. With minor changes, it is one recently proposed by Van Itallie and is based on the concept that there exist multiple etiologic factors— genetic, traumatic and environmental—in the development of obesity. The fact that there are two main categories—1) regulatory, i.e., with no primary metabolic abnormality, and 2) metabolic—does not imply that patients with obesity obey some law higher than that of the conservation of energy. Studies by Newburgh and his co-workers established this for all patients beyond argument from wishful nonbelievers. Mayer has stressed, however, that Newburgh9s work should not serve as a rigid, at times puritanical, obstacle to consideration of the problems of individual patients, a point of view inherent in Newburgh9s listing of different "proximate causes to which some persons respond (in part) by overeating." Patients with a regulatory disorder may develop obesity as a result of increased caloric intake or decreased caloric output or frequently both. Under increased caloric intake, we have two categories, "organic" and "functional." We have put quotes about both headings because this common form of categorization implies a sharp division in our thinking and sometimes interferes with our therapeutic approach to patients; most of us still feel more comfortable with a patient whose complaints are organic rather than so-called functional. We think of nephrosis and galactosemia as organic diseases but, in the present state of our knowledge, have to fall back on calling the increased glomerular permeability of the former and the enzymatic defect of the latter, lesions in chemical anatomy. Perhaps advances in electronmicroscopy and histochemistry will ultimately make use of this term more literal.
Fuck and Law Faculty Rankings

This essay questions the methodology of Brian Leiter's latest addition to his Law School Rankings, the Most Downloaded Law Faculties, 2006. Leiter's new ranking purports to rank the top fifteen most downloaded law schools for 2006. While the ranking uses annual download data from the Social Science Research Network (SSRN), he excludes two schools entirely: #8 Emory School of Law and #10 Ohio State Moritz College of Law. In Leiter's own words, It was necessary to exclude Ohio State and Emory whose presence in the top 15 was due entirely to one provocatively titled article by Christopher Fairman who teaches at Ohio State and is visiting at Emory. The paper he refers to is entitled Fuck. It explores the legal implications of the use of the word. An earlier version of the piece is available on SSRN as a working paper; it is now available in final form at 28 Cardozo Law Review 1171 (2007). In this essay, I question Fuck's exclusion on three grounds. First, from a procedural standpoint, Leiter has not articulated precisely why this scholarship was excluded. Absent some articulation, authors are unable to predict future results. Is it the title, the subject matter, the author or article downloads that trigger exclusion? Second, from a scholarly perspective, Leiter's exclusion appears to be word taboo at work - precisely the theme of the article he now bans. Third, exclusion of any scholarship illustrates Lawrence Solum's right people thesis. In this case, Leiter's exclusion marginalizes the scholarship of others on the premise that the right people can't possibly be downloading in such large numbers. Hopefully, this Essay will advance the conversation on whether as a community we benefit from this type of law school ranking.
RADON reconstruction in longitudinal phase space

Longitudinal particle motion in circular accelerators is typically monitored by one dimensional (1-D) profiles. Adiabatic particle motion in two dimensional (2-D) phase space can be reconstructed with tomographic techniques, using 1-D profiles. A computer program RADON has been developed in C++ to process digitized mountain range data and perform the phase space reconstruction for the AGS, and later for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC).
Stimulus without debt in a severe recession

Abstract This paper simulates the impact in a calibrated small macroeconomic model of a policy that attempts to apply sufficient effective stimulus in a severe recession without increasing the government deficit or debt, or inflation. This stimulus- without-debt policy has two components: (1) a large standard fiscal stimulus; (2) a non-standard monetary stimulus—a large transfer from the central bank to the treasury of the same magnitude as the fiscal stimulus, offset by an equal cut in the central bank's open market purchases so that the bank's transfer to the treasury is money-neutral . According to the simulations, the policy would achieve prompt full recovery from the severe recession without generating any adverse effect on government debt as a percent of GDP or on the inflation rate in either the short run or long run. The difference between the stimulus-without-debt policy and alternative stimulus policies is explained.
Blood Flow in Major Cerebral Arteries Measured by Phase-Contrast Cine MR

PURPOSE To measure mean blood flow in individual cerebral arteries (carotid, basilar, anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, and posterior cerebral) using a cine phase contrast MR pulse sequence. METHODS Ten healthy volunteers (22 to 38 years of age) were studied. The cine phase-contrast section was positioned perpendicular to the vessel of interest using oblique scanning planes. This pulse sequence used a velocity encoding range of 60 to 250 cm/sec. From the velocity and area measurements on the cine images, mean blood flow was calculated in milliliters per minute and milliliters per cardiac cycle. In the same subjects, transcranial Doppler measurements of blood velocity in these same vessels were also obtained. RESULTS There was no difference in blood flow in the paired cerebral arteries. Carotid arteries had mean blood flow in the range of 4.8 +/- 0.4 ml/cycle, the basilar artery 2.4 +/- 0.2 ml/cycle, the middle cerebral artery 1.8 +/- 0.2 ml/cycle, the distal anterior cerebral artery 0.6 +/- 0.1 ml/cycle, and the posterior cerebral artery 0.8 +/- 0.1 ml/cycle. Overall, there was poor correlation between MR-measured and transcranial Doppler-measured peak velocity. CONCLUSION Although careful attention to technical detail is required, mean blood flow measurements in individual cerebral vessels is feasible using a cine phase-contrast MR pulse sequence.
Toward a ubiquitous virtual collaboration environment: A fusion of traditional and leading-edge virtualization tools that empower distributed participants to explore, discover and exchange information without traditional boundaries or constraints

The Virginia Tech Applied Research Corporation VT-ARC --a private, non-profit corporation affiliated with Virginia Tech --was selected by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research AFOSR to create a Basic Research, Innovation, and Collaboration Center. The Center will provide the Air Force an innovative and collaborative environment accessible to academia, industry and other government entities. The BRICC collaborative services and environment will assist AFOSR in evolving from “doing things better” to “doing things differently” with respect to Basic Research Initiatives, Multidisciplinary University Research Initiatives, Small Business Technology Transition, workforce development including Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math STEM programs, and international collaboration.
Hematin-catalyzed oxidation of linoleate as influenced by β-casein

Abstract The ability of hematin (4·9 μ m ) to catalyze oxidation of a linoleate emulsion in dimethyl arsenic acid buffer, pH 7·4, was tested as a function of calcium (20 m m ), β-casein (250 μ m ) and temperature (7°–25°C). A polarographic oxygen sensor was used to monitor reaction rates. In all samples, a fairly similar pattern of increase in rate was observed with increasing temperature. The presence of β-casein, a protein that exhibits aggregation above 4°C and calcium-induced precipitation at about 20°C, was expected to cause an unusual temperature-dependence, but this was not observed. β-casein did, however, cause substantial inhibition of hematin-catalyzed oxidation at all temperatures above 7°C when calcium was absent. This is likely to be attributable to hydrophobic association between β-casein and hematin or molecular encapsulation of linoleate by β-casein. Calcium was inhibitory at 20·5° and 26°C when β-casein was absent.
Proof of a necessary and sufficient condition for admissibility in discrete multivariate problems

Abstract The proof of Farrell (1968. Ann. Math. Statist. 26 518–522) is adapted to the special problems presented by discrete problems. Continuity of the risk functions is verified, sequential subcompactness is verified, and a necessary and sufficient condition for admissibility proven. In the discrete problems considered one obtains pointwise convergence of the sequence of Bayes estimators to the admissible estimator. This last property is crucial to further development of the decision theory given in Brown and Farrell (1985. Ann. Math. Statist. 13 706–726).
Lucy Is “Enceinte”: The Power of an Action in Defining a Work

SUMMARY Although performed works are defined based on their collaborative nature and rules for mixed responsibility in AACR2R, descriptive practices are vague when applied to the cataloging of a television series—a type of performed work. Is the umbrella title identical as the title expressed in a bibliographic series? Or is it the collective title of the work and each episode a part? A key factor in this decision is in understanding how performed works are distinct from textual works. By highlighting the seminal television situation comedy I Love Lucy as an example, it is argued that a textual approach provides an incomplete methodology for the retrieval of the component parts of a television series. Descriptive areas in AACR2R are explored, particularly issues related to seriality, whole-part relationships, and the use of work identifiers in the collocation of episodes.
Effect of bubble size on foam fractionation of ovalbumin.

The bubble size distribution and void fraction (eg) (at two bulk liquid pool positions below the bulk liquid-foam interface and one lower foam phase position) in a continuous foam fractionation column containing ovalbumin were obtained using a photoelectric capillary probe. The bubble size and eg data were gathered for different operating conditions (including the changes in the superficial gas velocity and feed flow rate) at a feed solution of pH 6.5 and used to calculate the specific area, a, of the bubbles. Thus, local enrichment (ER l ), values of ovalbumin could be estimated and compared with directly obtained experimental results. The ER l results were also correlated with the bubble size and eg to understand better the concentration mechanisms of foam fractionation. The high ER l in the lower foam phase was largely attributable to the abrupt increase in eg (from 0.25 to 0.75), or the a (from about 12 to 25 cm2/cm3) from the bulk liquid to the foam phase. These changes correspond with enhanced gravity drainage. With an increase in the superficial gas velocity, the bubble size increased and the a decreased in both the bulk liquid and lower foam phases, resulting in a decrease in the local experimentally determined enrichments at high superficial gas velocities. At intermediate feed flow rates, the bubble size reached the maximum. The eg and a, on the other hand, were the largest for the largest feed flow rate. The ER l in the lower foam phase was maximized at the lowest feed flow rate. It follows, therefore, that a alone is not sufficient to determine the magnitude of the ER l in the foam phase.
Two systems of two-component integrable equations: Multiple soliton solutions and multiple singular soliton solutions

Abstract In this work, we study two systems of two-component integrable equations. The Cole–Hopf transformation and Hirota’s bilinear method are applied to emphasize the integrability of each system. Multiple soliton solutions and multiple singular soliton solutions are formally derived.
Elemental composition of arctic particulate matter

Measurements were made of the elemental composition of particulate matter collected in flights in the Arctic in spring 1983 as part of the Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling Program (AGASP). Ten samples of size-selected particles were analyzed by four nondestructive techniques at Davis. Concentrations were determined for H, C, N, and O by Forward Alpha Scattering Techniques (FAST) and for elements heavier than fluorine by Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). Total mass was measured gravimetrically, and optical absorption was measured using the Laser Integrating Plate Method (LIPM). Results of the analyses show dramatic differences in concentrations and elemental ratios from the Alaskan Arctic to the Norwegian Arctic, with indications of wood smoke and sulfuric acid in the arctic atmosphere.
Observations of internal wave generation in the seasonally ice‐free Arctic

[1] The Arctic is generally considered a low energy ocean. Using mooring data from the northern Chukchi Sea, we confirm that this is mainly because of sea-ice impeding input of wind energy into the ocean. When sea-ice is present, even strong storms do not induce significant oceanic response. However, during ice-free seasons, local storms drive strong inertial currents (>20 cm/s) that propagate throughout the water column and significantly deepen the surface mixed layer. The large vertical shear associated with summer inertial motions suggests a dominant role for localized and seasonal vertical mixing in Arctic Ocean dynamics. Our results imply that recent extensive summer sea-ice retreat will lead to significantly increased internal wave generation especially over the shelves and also possibly over deep waters. This internal wave activity will likely dramatically increase upper-layer mixing in large areas of the previously quiescent Arctic, with important ramifications for ecosystems and ocean dynamics.
Attenuation of Vascular/Neural Dysfunction in Zucker Rats Treated With Enalapril or Rosuvastatin

Objective: Obese Zucker rats, animal model for the metabolic syndrome, develop a diabetes-like neuropathy that is independent of hyperglycemia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether drugs used to treat cardiovascular dysfunction in metabolic syndrome also protect nerve function. Methods and Procedures: Obese Zucker rats at 20 weeks of age were treated for 12 weeks with enalapril or rosuvastatin. Lean rats were used as controls. Vasodilation in epineurial arterioles was measured by videomicroscopy. Endoneurial blood flow (EBF) was measured by hydrogen clearance and nerve conduction velocity was measured following electrical stimulation of motor or sensory nerves. Results: Enalapril treatment decreased serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and both drugs reduced serum cholesterol levels. In obese Zucker rats at 32 weeks of age superoxide levels were elevated in the aortas and epineurial arterioles, which were reduced by treatment with either drug. Nitrotyrosine levels were increased in epineurial arterioles and reduced with enalapril treatment. EBF was decreased and corrected by treatment with either drug. Motor nerve conduction velocity was decreased and significantly improved with enalapril treatment. Obese Zucker rats were hypoalgesic in response to a thermal stimulus and this was significantly improved with either treatment. Treatment with either enalapril or rosuvastatin significantly reversed the decrease in acetylcholine-mediated vascular relaxation of epineurial arterioles in obese Zucker rats. Discussion: Even though obese Zucker rats have normal glycemia vascular and neural dysfunctions develop with age and can be improved by treatment with either enalapril or rosuvastatin.
Resource Use and Guideline Concordance in Evaluation of Pulmonary Nodules for Cancer: Too Much and Too Little Care

Importance Pulmonary nodules are common, and more will be found with implementation of lung cancer screening. How potentially malignant pulmonary nodules are evaluated may affect patient outcomes, health care costs, and effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs. Guidelines for evaluating pulmonary nodules for cancer exist, but little is known about how nodules are evaluated in the usual care setting. Objective To characterize nodule evaluation and concordance with guidelines. Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective cohort study was conducted including detailed review of medical records from pulmonary nodule detection through evaluation completion, cancer diagnosis, or study end (December 31, 2012). The participants included 300 adults with pulmonary nodules from 15 Veterans Affairs hospitals. Main Outcomes and Measures Resources used for evaluation at any Veterans Affairs facility and guideline-concordant evaluation served as the main outcomes. Results Twenty-seven of 300 patients (9.0%) with pulmonary nodules ultimately received a diagnosis of lung cancer: 1 of 57 (1.8%) with a nodule of 4 mm or less, 4 of 134 (3.0%) with a nodule of 5 to 8 mm, and 22 of 109 (20.2%) with a nodule larger than 8 mm. Nodule evaluation entailed 1044 imaging studies, 147 consultations, 76 biopsies, 13 resections, and 21 hospitalizations. Radiographic surveillance (n = 277) lasted a median of 13 months but ranged from less than 0.5 months to 8.5 years. Forty-six patients underwent invasive procedures (range per patient, 1-4): 41.3% (19 patients) did not have cancer and 17.4% (8) experienced complications, including 1 death. Notably, 15 of the 300 (5.0%) received no purposeful evaluation and had no obvious reason for deferral, seemingly “falling through the cracks.” Among 197 patients with a nodule detected after release of the Fleischner Society guidelines, 44.7% received care inconsistent with guidelines (17.8% overevaluation, 26.9% underevaluation). In multivariable analyses, the strongest predictor of guideline-inconsistent care was inappropriate radiologist recommendations (overevaluation relative risk, 4.6 [95% CI, 2.3-9.2]; underevaluation, 4.3 [2.7-6.8]). Other systems factors associated with underevaluation included receiving care at more than 1 facility (2.0 [1.5-2.7]) and nodule detection during an inpatient or preoperative visit (1.6 [1.1-2.5]). Conclusions and Relevance Pulmonary nodule evaluation is often inconsistent with guidelines, including cases with no workup and others with prolonged surveillance or unneeded procedures that may cause harm. Systems to improve quality (eg, aligning radiologist recommendations with guidelines and facilitating communication across providers) are needed before lung cancer screening is widely implemented.
On the times of high and low tides

[1] The number N of low tides in a given 6-hour interval of the day varies typically by a factor of order 2. A simple formula is derived relating Nmax/Nmin to the ratio R of the solar and lunar semi-diurnal tidal constituents. This is shown to be quite accurate provided that the diurnal constituents are not large, and that the shallow-water tides are negligible. Hence R could often be deduced from observations of Nmax/Nmin alone, with the aid of only a timepiece.
Cost-Effectiveness of Statins in Older Adults: Further Evidence That Less Is More

In this issue, Odden and colleagues evaluated the population benefit and cost-effectiveness of statins in older U.S. adults without a history of cardiovascular disease. The editorialist acknowledge...
A Single Mutation in Human Mitochondrial DNA Polymerase Pol γA Affects Both Polymerization and Proofreading Activities of Only the Holoenzyme

Common causes of human mitochondrial diseases are mutations affecting DNA polymerase (Pol) γ, the sole polymerase responsible for DNA synthesis in mitochondria. Although the polymerase and exonuclease active sites are located on the catalytic subunit Pol γA, in holoenzyme both activities are regulated by the accessory subunit Pol γB. Several patients with severe neurological and muscular disorders were reported to carry the Pol γA substitutions R232G or R232H, which lie outside of either active site. We report that Arg232 substitutions have no effect on independent Pol γA activities but show major defects in the Pol γA-Pol γB holoenzyme, including decreased polymerase and increased exonuclease activities, the latter with decreased selectivity for mismatches. We show that Pol γB facilitates distinguishing mismatched from base-paired primer termini and that Pol γA Arg232 is essential for mediating this regulatory function of the accessory subunit. This study provides a molecular basis for the disease symptoms exhibited by patients carrying those substitutions.
Paraneoplastic autoimmune hemolytic anemia in ovarian cancer: A marker of disease activity

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome associated with ovarian malignancies. We report a case of a 77 year-old female with metastatic ovarian carcinoma who presented with worsening anemia from her baseline, and was found to have a warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia. We performed a literature review and analyzed all 10 cases (including our patient) that have been reported to date, and incorporated the clinical presentation, histology and stage of underlying malignancies, types, treatment, prognosis and mechanisms of AIHA in ovarian carcinoma.
Creeping-film phenomenon of potassium chloride solution

A PECULIAR creeping film that is similar to the superfilm of liquid helium II, but which occurs at room temperatures and has a much lower transfer rate, takes place in saturated potassium chloride aqueous solution. In an electrolytic experiment using saturated KCl solution as the salt bridge, we noticed that without any disturbance the solution could not be kept in the beaker all the time. A thin surface film creeps up the beaker wall very slowly, about several centimetres a day, flows out over the brim and then down the outside surface of the beaker. Creeping can also be observed up the surface of the electrode and the salt bridge tube (Fig. 1). On surfaces over which the film has crept, potassium chloride crystals form as the water in which KCl is dissolved evaporates. Within a few days the solution in the beaker drains out completely and the entire surface of the beaker becomes covered with a thin layer of potassium chloride crystals, about 10−2 cm thick.
Associated proteins of lens adherens junction

Cytoplasmic proteins associated with adherens junctions were identified in the chicken ocular lens. The catenins, α, β, and γ, were present in epithelial and fiber cells, although their pattern of distribution changed with fiber cell differentiation. The sharp decline in α-catenin with fiber cell formation and the increasing Triton-insolubility of N-cadherin suggests that another subtype of α-catenin exists in the lens. J. Cell. Biochem. 86: 700–703, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Preparing thick, defect-free films of anatase titania for dye-sensitized solar cells

Abstract Anatase titania (TiO 2 ) nanoparticle films were prepared on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) substrates. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, profilometry, Raman spectroscopy, and optical microscopy. The results show that defects are initiated during the sintering step and continue to propagate once the film is cooled. The sintering and annealing steps were controlled by reducing the pressure and the rate of temperature change. These steps reduced the stresses generated during film preparation, allowing thick titania films on both FTO and ITO substrates to be prepared with minimal defects. Using the optimized conditions for film preparation, 20 μm thick films of titania on FTO and ITO substrates were obtained with calculated defect densities of 2.5 and 7.8%. Films as thick as 25 μm were prepared on FTO substrates with a defect density of only 6.0%. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated using the titania films prepared by both standard and vacuum sintering methods. DSSCs made with 20 μm titania films sintered at intermediate pressures show improvements to short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, and device efficiency.
Indium-based liquid clathrates. II. Inclusion compounds derived from salts of the tetrachloroindate anion, InCl 4 ? , and the crystal structure of [Li15-c-5] [In(CH3)3Cl] (15-c-5=15-crown-5)

Indium(III) chloride reacts with 12-c-4 to give the 1:1 adduct [InCl3·12-c-4]. This complex is a convenient In precursor to liquid clathrates. [InCl3·12-c-4] reacts with LiCl to form [Li·12-c-4] [InCl4]. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of an aromatic solvent such as toluene, a liquid inclusion complex forms readily. It has been determined that the C6H5CH3:[Li·12-c-4] [InCl4] ratio is 2. Alkylation of the 15-c-5 adduct of InCl3 with methyllithium yields [Li·15-c-5] [In(CH3)3Cl]. The salt fails to form inclusion complexes with aromatic molecules. This compound has been characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The molecule belongs to the monoclinic space groupP21/n, witha=7.515(2),b=18.952(6), andc=13.938(7) A, β=95.12(3)° andDcalc=1.43 g cm−3 for Z=4. Least squares refinement based upon 2348 observed reflections led to a finalR=0.039.
The “Medical Neighborhood”: Integrating Primary and Specialty Care for Ambulatory Patients

As health care organizations create larger networks, better coordination of primary and specialty care is paramount. Attention has focused on strengthening primary care by creating patient-centered medical homes. The “medical neighborhood” provides a framework for structured, reciprocal relationships that integrate specialty care and extend the principles of the medical home to all practicing physicians. The foundation of the medical neighborhood is the collaborative care agreement, which outlines mutual expectations for primary care physicians and specialists as they care for patients together. These expectations include a preconsultation exchange between the referring physician and the consultant, the consultation, and subsequent comanagement of patients over time. Although independent practices can create individualized collaborative care agreements with specific specialist colleagues, large health care provider networks and accountable care organizations should have 1 agreement for all affiliated physicians. Challenges to the medical neighborhood include fee-for-service reimbursement, existing referral relationships, and building a robust electronic platform, including a referral management module. Cooperation between physicians, regardless of their specialty, and innovation in payment models and electronic platforms will all be essential if medical neighborhoods are to succeed.
Optical ActivitY in the Orgueil Meteorite.

Nagy's report of an optical rotation of-0.023° to -0.084° in the Orgueil meteorite has not been confirmed. The highest rotation found in several fatty-acid and hydrocarbon fractions isolated from the meteorite was -0.002°, less than that of optically inactive controls. The "rotations" observed by Nagy may have been caused by scattered depolarized light from colloidal particles, reduced instrument sensitivity due to low transmittance of the solutions, or a combination of both.