cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of respiratory syncytial virus infection on the uptake of and immune response to other inhaled antigens.

Groups of BALB/c mice were sham infected or inoculated intranasally (IN) with live RSV. From Day 4 to 8 after infection, the animals were exposed IN to ovalbumin (OVA) with or without alum adjuvant. At different intervals, levels of OVA concentration in serum, IgG-anti-OVA antibody activity in serum, and IgA-anti-OVA antibody activity in bronchial washings were determined, employing the ELISA technique. IgE-anti-OVA antibody titers in serum and bronchial washings were assessed by PCA. OVA concentrations in serum were significantly higher in RSV-infected animals compared to uninfected controls. The use of alum adjuvant also increased OVA uptake in uninfected animals but to a lesser extent than RSV infection. RSV-infected animals developed significantly higher OVA-specific antibody titers of IgG isotype in serum and IgA isotype in bronchial washings than the uninfected controls, while alum enhanced the immune response less markedly but still significantly in uninfected mice. An IgE antibody response to OVA in serum was demonstrable in 50% of RSV-infected mice immunized IN with OVA and alum, while all uninfected animals and RSV-infected animals immunized with OVA alone (without adjuvant) failed to develop a detectable IgE response. These findings suggest that infections with viral agents such as RSV may function as adjuvants for other antigens inhaled during acute respiratory infection. These observations may explain the alterations in the immune response to other antigens in patients with acute viral-induced bronchopulmonary diseases. 0 1988 Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.
Decomposition Chemistry of Tetraethoxysilane

SiO2 films deposited by the decomposition of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) at high temperatures have superior insulating properties and excellent step coverage, but are not compatible with aluminum metallization. Earlier work on the deposition of SiO2 from TEOS concentrated on the properties of the film and on the modeling of thickness uniformity, but no attempt was made to probe the decomposition chemistry. In the present work a three-step model is presented to explain the TEOS deposition chemistry. A useful deposition temperature is determined by the first step where an intermediate is formed in the gas phase. This activated species adsorbs on the surface and later decomposes into SiO2. Equilibrium constants for the gas-phase intermediate formation and surface adsorption respectively are 1.38 × 1010 exp[(– 299.24 kJ/mol)/RT] and 1.14 × 104 exp[(– 21.80 kJ/mol)/RT]. The rate constant for the surface decomposition of the intermediate is 1.29 × 10−6 exp[(– 12.26 kJ/mol)/RT]. This model successfully explains rate dependence on pressure and temperature. Approaches are suggested which would catalyze the formation of the activated species and thus lower the deposition temperature such that this process could be used instead of aluminum metallization.
An auditory-based distortion measure with application to concatenative speech synthesis

This study presents a new auditory-based distance measure with application to concatenative speech synthesis. This measure employs the Carney auditory model to produce a feature vector related to auditory perception. For concatenative synthesis, the new measure is employed to assess perceived discontinuities at segment transitions. Evaluations using a restricted data base environment show that the new measure can be effective in improving speech synthesis performance.
Fast generation of chain-code image descriptions

A method is described for the rapid reduction of intensity matrix image data to chain-coded descriptors. The method also yields some topographic and numerical information about regions in the image. In this method, the chain code is generated and stored in an array which is isomorphic to the image array. Computation other than that associated with the intensity classification (feature) operator is minimized by the use of decision tables for chain code manipulation. The method is capable of processing a 300×200 gray scale image in two seconds using a gradient and threshold operator on a 500K instruction per second processor.
Coproducing Rural Public Schools in Brazil: Contestation, Clientelism, and the Landless Workers' Movement

The Landless Workers' Movement (MST) has been the principal protagonist developing an alternative educational proposal for rural public schools in Brazil. This article analyzes the MST's differential success implementing this proposal in municipal and state public schools. The process is both participatory—activists working with government officials to implement MST goals—and contentious—the movement mobilizing support for its education initiatives through various forms of protest. In some locations, the MST has succeeded in institutionalizing a participatory relationship with government actors, while in other regions the MST has a more limited presence in the schools or has been completely banned from participating. Drawing on the concept of coproduction—the active participation of civil society actors in the provision of public goods—the author argues that coproduction is a joint product of high levels of social mobilization and government orientation. The former is necessary in all cases, while the latter can take the form of either a left- leaning or clientelistic government.
MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITIES FOR RESPONDING TO GROWTH IN FLORIDA'S NONMETROPOLITAN COUNTIES

: Using field data for a 6-county region in Florida, this article argues that nonmetropolitan local governments have insufficient management and organizational capacities for effective growth management as mandated by the state of Florida Local officials and managers report that they are frequently most deficient in the very capacity areas most important to responding to the challenges of rapid growth, including: identifying and solving problems; organizational development; the ability to anticipate and influence change; public policy decision making; and various types of control systems. Two different models of the data obtained also substantiate the key role of professional and organizational development in any capacity-building process for counties such as these.
Electrophysiology of human and porcine adult cardiac stem cells isolated from endomyocardial biopsies

Cln-1 is found in EBZ myocytes in close proximity with the lateralized Connexin43 protein seen in these cells. Examination of lateral membranes of normal and injured myocardium with transmission electron microscopy indicates formation of small tight junction-like structures between myocytes in the injured myocardium but never in normal myocardium. Taken together these data indicate that coronary occlusion upregulates tight junction like structures between myocytes in the EBZ and may increase tissue resistivity within damaged regions of the heart following myocardial infarction.
EDGE COVERING OF COMPLEX TRIANGLES IN RECTANGULAR DUAL FLOORPLANNING

Rectangular dual graph approach to floorplanning is based on the adjacency graph of the modules in a floorplan. If the input adjacency graph contains a cycle of length three which is not a face (complex triangle), a rectangular floorplan does not exist. Thus, complex triangles have to be eliminated before applying any floorplanning algorithm. This paper shows that the weighted complex triangle elimination problem is NP-complete, even when the input graphs are restricted to 1-level containment. For adjacency graph with 0-level containment, the unweighted problem is optimally solvable in O(c1.5 + n) time where c is the number of complex triangles and n is the number of vertices of the input graph.
Commentary on “Business-to-Business Marketing Textbooks: A Comparative Review”

ABSTRACT Selecting a textbook for the business-to-business (b-to-b) marketing course is an important decision and deserves careful consideration. Many of us view the textbook as a prime component of instruction and rely on it to organize the course. The comparative review of 36 B-to-B marketing textbooks written in English and other languages by Backhaus, Mell and Sabel have produced a valuable piece of work that will help the instructor make a more informed textbook selection. The review also compels the instructors to keep the global student's educational needs in mind when determining course design. Given the varied approaches that the authors of the 36 textbooks have adopted as well as the choice of classic, current, and emerging b-to-b topics, the process can be very complex. The textbook selection and the course design decisions indeed are intertwined. This commentary extends the contribution of the authors' article and provides a preliminary framework for integrating the Value, Network, and Global ...
Radiographic and histologic periapical findings of root canal treated teeth in cadaver

Abstract The success of root canal treatment can be subjectively evaluated both clinically and radiographically. Normally, the recall radiograph is the main factor in evaluating success or failure. Objectives. This study evaluated periapical areas of root canal treated teeth by correlating radiographic and histologic findings. Study design. Jaws were resected from cadavers and radiographed. Those teeth that had received root canal treatment were evaluated for success or failure based on radiographic criteria. Teeth and surrounding bone were then removed en bloc and prepared for light microscopy. Untreated teeth without periapical pathosis were examined as controls. Results. Root canal treated teeth classified as failures were found to consistently have inflammatory resorptive lesions at the periapices. In contrast, those treated teeth classified as radiographically successful showed varying reactions ranging from normal uninflamed to mildly inflamed. Conclusions. Those classified as failure showed consistent inflammation. However, the majority of our examined treated teeth were radiographically normal and exhibited no periapical inflammation.
Move frame scheduling and mixed scheduling-allocation for the automated synthesis of digital systems

The authors present two algorithms for the scheduling and allocation phases in high-level synthesis under time and resource constraints. This is achieved by formulating these problems in terms of Lyapunov's stability theorem using a transformation technique between the design space and the dynamic system space. These algorithms are based on moves in the design space, which correspond to the moves towards the equilibrium point in the dynamic system space. The scheduling algorithm takes care of mutually exclusive operations, loop folding, multi-cycle operations, chained operations and pipelining. The mixed scheduling-allocation algorithm can handle all of these scheduling applications and simultaneously perform allocation of functional units, registers and interconnects while minimizing the overall cost. >
Benefits and Drawbacks of Health Information Technology

Adoption of health information technology (HIT) at healthcare organizations has the potential to improve patient care and streamline operations and generate societal benefits by reducing overall costs and facilitating research.
Membrane transport of long-chain fatty acids: evidence for a facilitated process

In mammalian cells, membrane uptake of long-chain fatty acids is mediated by two separate components; a passive component that is a linear function of the concentration of free fatty acid in the extracellular medium and a saturable component that exhibits the characteristics of a protein-facilitated process. This review summarizes the body of work that has accumulated related to the mechanism of fatty acid transport. Evidence in support of a facilitated uptake process is presented with relation to the different cell types or membrane systems where it was collected. The evidence includes saturation kinetics, competition between different substrates, and sensitivity to a variety of inhibitors. Recent knowledge related to membrane proteins thought to be implicated in the uptake process is reviewed. Factors that may modulate uptake or alter the relative contribution of passive versus facilitated components are briefly discussed. These include the molar ratio of fatty acid to its physiological carrier, plasma albumin and the metabolic or hormonal milieu. —Abumrad, N., C. Harmon, and A. Ibrahimi. Membrane transport of long-chain fatty acids: evidence for a facilitated process. J. Lipid Res. 1998. 39: 2309–2318.
The Design of Partially Survivable Networks

In cellular telecommunications networks, a mobile telephone switching office (MTSO) co-ordinates the activities of the mobile units either directly or through intermediate hubs. In order to increase reliability, cells often split their traffic via multiple hubs — this ensures partial survivability in the face of equipment failures. This chapter examines three related problems in the context of partial survivability. The first is a single-period model that addresses the question of assigning cells to hubs at minimum cost, while incorporating diversity requirements. The second extends the problem into a multi-period context, while the third incorporates capacity requirements at the hubs. Results from extensive computational tests are presented for the first two versions of the problem, while limited results are presented for the third.
Acute Ischemia of the Upper Limb Fifteen Years after Anterior Dislocation of the Glenohumeral Joint and a Modified Bristow Procedure. A Case Report

In 1958, Helfet described a stabilization procedure for recurrent anterior dislocations of the shoulder. He named it after his mentor, Bristow, who had taught it to him almost twenty years earlier. The procedure consisted of detaching the tip of the coracoid process from the scapula just distal to the insertion of the pectoralis minor muscle. This piece of coracoid, with the tendons of the short head of the biceps and coracobrachialis attached, was then passed through the subscapularis muscle and placed in contact with a roughened surface of the scapula. It was held in place by suturing the biceps and coracobrachialis tendons to the subscapularis tendon. In 1964, Mead and Sweeney described a modification of the procedure whereby the coracoid is secured to the anterior part of the glenoid rim with a screw. Since then, many modifications have been made concerning the splitting of the subscapularis muscle or tendon; however, all of these modifications have involved the use of a screw to secure the coracoid process to the anterior part of the glenoid rim12. Vascular complications have been rare after the modified Bristow procedure for recurrent anterior dislocations of the glenohumeral joint1,3,4,7,11,15. A review of the literature revealed four previous reports of pseudoaneurysm of the artery after the modified procedure1,3,4,7. We report an unusual case in which ischemia of the distal part of the upper extremity developed secondary to emboli that originated from a pseudoaneurysm of the axillary artery. The pseudoaneurysm was adjacent to a screw that had been inserted fifteen years earlier during a modified Bristow procedure for recurrent anterior dislocations of the shoulder. A fifty-six-year-old man, a general surgeon, was seen in the emergency department of …
Alcohol consumption and risk of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma in women and men: 3 prospective cohort studies

Background: Alcohol consumption has been associated with an increased prevalence of sunburn, which is an established skin cancer risk factor. Objective: We investigated whether alcohol consumption is associated with risk of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Design: We conducted a prospective analysis on alcohol consumption and risk of BCC on the basis of data from 167,765 women in the NHS (Nurses’ Health Study) (1984–2010) and NHS II (1991– 2011) and 43,697 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986–2010). Alcohol intake was repeatedly assessed every 2–4 y over the follow-up period. HRs and 95% CIs for BCC in association with alcohol intake were computed with the use of Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for sun exposure and other skin cancer risk factors. Results: A total of 28,951 incident BCC cases were documented over 3.74 million person-years of follow-up. Increased alcohol intake was associated with increased BCC risk in both women and men (both P-trend , 0.0001). Pooled multivariable-adjusted HRs over increasing cumulative averaged alcohol intake categories were 1.00 (reference) for nondrinkers, 1.13 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.20) for 0.1– 9.9 g/d, 1.24 (95% CI: 1.14, 1.35) for 10.0–19.9 g/d, 1.27 (95% CI: 1.20, 1.35) for 20.0–29.9 g/d, and 1.22 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.30) for $30.0 g/d (P-trend , 0.0001, P-heterogeneity by study = 0.10 ). The association remained consistent when we used alcohol intakes over different latency periods (0–4, 4–8, 8–12, and 12–16 y) as exposures and over categories of sun exposure–related factors. In the individual alcoholic beverages, white wine and liquor were positively associated with BCC risk. Conclusion: Alcohol consumption is associated with increased risk of cutaneous BCC in both women and men. Am J Clin Nutr 2015;102:1158–66.
Self-consistent second-order Green's function perturbation theory for periodic systems.

Despite recent advances, systematic quantitative treatment of the electron correlation problem in extended systems remains a formidable task. Systematically improvable Green’s function methods capable of quantitatively describing weak and at least qualitatively strong correlations appear as promising candidates for computational treatment of periodic systems. We present a periodic implementation of temperature-dependent self-consistent 2nd-order Green’s function (GF2) method, where the self-energy is evaluated in the basis of atomic orbitals. Evaluating the real-space self-energy in atomic orbitals and solving the Dyson equation in k-space are the key components of a computationally feasible algorithm. We apply this technique to the one-dimensional hydrogen lattice — a prototypical crystalline system with a realistic Hamiltonian. By analyzing the behavior of the spectral functions, natural occupations, and self-energies, we claim that GF2 is able to recover metallic, band insulating, and at least qualitatively Mott regimes. We observe that the iterative nature of GF2 is essential to the emergence of the metallic and Mott phases.
Augmented reality all around us: power and perception at a crossroads

In this paper we continue to explore the ethics and social impact of augmented visual field devices (AVFDs). Recently, Microsoft announced the pending release of HoloLens, and Magic Leap filed a patent application for technology that will project light directly onto the wearer's retina. Here we explore the notion of deception in relation to the impact these devices have on developers, users, and non-users as they interact via these devices. These sorts of interactions raise questions regarding autonomy and suggest a strong need for informed consent protocols. We identify issues of ownership that arise due to the blending of physical and virtual space and important ways that these devices impact trust. Finally, we explore how these devices impact individual identity and thus raise the question of ownership of the space between an object and someone's eyes. We conclude that developers ought to take time to design and implement a natural and easy to use informed consent system with these devices.
Impulse coupling to targets in vacuum by KrF, HF, and CO 2 single pulse lasers

We review a scaling model which permits approximate prediction of the dependence of ablation pressure, mechanical coupling coefficient, and related parameters in vacuum on single pulse laser intensity l, wavelength λ, and pulse width τ over extremely broad ranges. The model is valid for the intensity above the plasma ignition threshold and for metallic and nonmetallic endothermic surface-absorbing planar targets.
Cabbage Maggot Control on Rutabaga in Wisconsin12

From 99 to 70% early season control of Hylemya brassicae (Bouche) was obtained by granular treatments applied in or over rutabaga seed furrows at planting with the following insecticides in approximate decreasing order of efficiency: trichloronat, fonofos, Bayer 92114 (phosphoro-amidothioic acid, N-isopropyl-O-ethyl ester, O-ester with isopropyl Salicylate), Stauffer N2596 [S-(p-chlorophenyl) O-ethyl ethylphosphonodithioate], fensulfothion, chlorpyrifos and pirimphos-ethyl. These single treatments were less efficient (ca. 70% reduction of damage with the best treatments) for season-long control of the cabbage maggot on this crop. Stauffer N2596, fonofos, and fensulfothion reduced plant stands when applied as granules in direct contact with the seed. This effect was alleviated by placing the insecticide in a 1–2 in. band over the row, although fonofos still was somewhat detrimental, particularly on the sandier soil.
An Empirical Study of Software Sampling: Categorical Heterogeneity and Vendor Strategy

Product sampling is a part of promotion tools to increase the sales of goods. Especially, the marginal sampling cost for consumer is close to zero in software market since consumers may download a freeware or trial version of the focal product easily through the internet. Unlike other consumable goods, sampling is an inexpensive strategy to software vendors. Hence, it is common practice in software markets. This research builds a multilevel model to illustrate categorical heterogeneity in software sampling and the effects of sampling strategy on sampling performance among software categories. Using the data collected from download.com, we find that: 1) sampling intensity is different among software categories; 2) trial version strategy outperforms freeware strategy in some categories, but on average its effect on sampling performance is lower than that of freeware strategy by 19%. These results serve to provide guidance for software vendors to choose the better sampling strategy.
Detection analysis of Staphylococcus aureus and enterotoxin in food

Objective:To realize the pollution condition of Staphylococcus aureus in food at Wenzhou,and primary research the type distribution of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin gene.Methods:The methods was developed according to GB4789.10-2003(1),then analysing of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin gene(SEA-SEJ) with PCR method,detecting enterotoxin SEA-SEE situation with mini VIDAS method.Results:127 samples were detected Staphylococcus aureus 22 bacteria,picking out rate 17.3%,Cooked meat products contaminated more serious;strain from food detecting in SEA-SEB and SED-SEJ enterotoxin gene,SEC gene not detected,toxin gene carrying rate of 86.36%;mini VIDAS method detecting enterotoxin,accounted for 36.4%.Conclusion:Pollution condition of Staphylococcus aureus in food has no statistical significance at Lucheng and Ouhai County of Wenzhou between the different times,staphylococcal enterotoxin gene typing methods can be used in its distribution of the study by PCR,mini VIDAS method which positive rate is higher can be used to detect the traditional enterotoxin.
Van der Waals Effects at the Superfluid Transition of Confined 4Helium

We explore the role which the van der Waals field plays in the behavior of the superfluid density of confined helium near Tλ. This effect can be calculated in the context of Ψ-theory. The influence of a solid wall is incorporated into the equation for the order parameter via a spatially-dependent transition temperature. The equation is solved numerically. We first calculate the scaling function without wall interactions for the case of 2D, 1D, and 0D dimensionality crossover. We find that upon introducing the van der Waals field, its influence is too small, and in the wrong direction to explain experimental observations.
Somatic Mosaicism of Novel SCN5A Mutation in Purkinje System (PS) may Underlie 2:1 Block in an Infant with Long QT Syndrome (LQTS)

Somatic mosaicism is a condition that arises when DNA mutations lead to genetic variations within an individual. Recently, an infant with LQTS characterized by episodes of 2:1 block (i.e., 2 atrial/His-bundle activations for every one ventricular activation) was found to have a novel SCN5a mutation (V1762L) in ∼20% of cardiomyocytes, causing a 10-fold increase in late sodium current within affected cells. However, the mechanism by which V1762L mosaicism could give rise to this clinical phenotype remained unknown. We hypothesized that 2:1 block could arise from 20% V1762L mosaicism in the PS, regardless of its spatial distribution.To test this hypothesis, we used a biophysically-detailed 3D computational model of the ventricles and PS calibrated to approximate the size/geometry of the human neonatal heart. Versions of the model incorporating 20% V1762L mosaicism with diffuse or clustered distributions in the ventricles and PS were generated using a stochastic approach. To examine the arrhythmogenic propensity of the heart models, simulated normal sinus rhythm (coupling interval, CI=400ms) was interrupted by two consecutive abnormally timed stimuli (variable CIs: 300-700ms in 50ms intervals).Ventricular mosaicism alone did not lead to 2:1 block. However, once mosaicism was incorporated into the PS, a majority of all pacing sequences in each model (diffuse: 79%, clustered: 80%) resulted in 2:1 block. Even pacing sequences with CIs within the physiological range for infant heart rates (CI=400-600ms) resulted in 2:1 block (diffuse: 48%, clustered: 52%). Left bundle branch block, a highly arrhythmogenic activation pattern, was also observed (diffuse: 4%, clustered: 2%).We demonstrated a possible link between cell-scale phenotypic variability and organ-scale arrhythmogenesis by showing that 20% V1762L mosaicism in the PS, regardless of spatial distribution, can result in 2:1 block.
The Authority of Macroeconomic Goals

In Chapters 3 and 4, dealing with models of routine politics, we treated parties and voters as oriented to identifiable goals regarding inflation, unemployment, and income growth. We drew on the familiar misery index and showed how it could be modified to represent different kinds of preferences, and even to represent a conception of social welfare or the public interest. In doing these things, we accepted goals and preferences as given, as predetermined, and as clearly defined. In this chapter and the next we shall step back and ask where goals and preferences come from and how well defined and authoritative they are. In this chapter we consider official public definitions of national economic goals, as well as what economists say about various targets of macroeconomic policy. These chapters will provide an argument that there is no basis for an unambiguous or uncontestable definition of the public interest, and there is no basis for an authoritative social welfare function. This argument will undermine assertions that there are costs and pathologies of democracy. Without authoritative definitions of what public policy ought to be, there is no solid basis for comparing the outcomes of democratic politics to the best or the most appropriate outcomes. It is difficult to argue that democratic political processes lead systematically to inferior outcomes when superior outcomes resist precise and authoritative definition. In fact, the goals of public policy are defined and redefined in a continuing and fluid political process.
Understanding DSM-5 Hoarding Disorder: A Triple Vulnerability Model.

Objective: Whereas a triple vulnerability model has been used to evaluate several anxiety- and mood-related conditions, no research has purposefully examined hoarding from this perspective. Method: Using a multivariate approach, the current study evaluated the unique relations between hoarding and a general biological (e.g., neuroticism), psychological (e.g., anxiety sensitivity), and hoarding-specific vulnerability (e.g., saving cognitions) within 526 individuals. Results: A structural equation model (SEM) including all three vulnerabilities as well as hoarding symptoms provided good fit to the data. Consistent with the model, the vulnerabilities accounted for a substantial percentage (66%) of the variance in hoarding severity. Conclusions: These findings suggest that, similar to other emotional distress disorders, risk for hoarding can be conveyed through a constellation of general and specific vulnerabilities. Future research should continue to examine this model, particularly utilizing a prospective d...
Evaluation of digitizer properties on pulse shape discrimination in a gelled NE213 cell

The figure-of-merit for a gelled NE213 scintillator cell from Bubble Technology Industries is determined for a variety of digitizing speeds and vertical resolutions using the digital-charge-integration-comparison method for pulse shape discrimination. If a digitizing board allows for an increase in the vertical resolution at the expense of the digitization rate, then there is an optimal combination of the two. For the Gage Board 82G, a board that does allow this tradeoff to be made, the best pulse shape discrimination occurred for digitization rates and vertical resolutions of 1 GS/s and 8 bits, 500 MS/s and 9 bits, and 250 MS/s with 9 bits.
Can Low-Severity Fire Reverse Compositional Change in Montane Forests of the Sierra Nevada, California, USA?

Throughout the Sierra Nevada, nearly a century of fire suppression has altered the tree species composition, forest structure, and fire regimes that were previously characteristic of montane forests. Species composition is fundamentally important because species differ in their tolerances to fire and environmental stressors, and these differences dictate future forest structure and influence fire regime attributes. In some lower montane stands, shade-tolerant, fire-sensitive species have driven a threefold increase in tree density that may intensify the risk of high-severity fire. In upper montane forests, which were historically characterized by longer fire return intervals, the effects of fire exclusion are both less apparent and less studied. Although land managers have been reintroducing fire to lower and upper montane forests for >4 decades, the potentially restorative effects of these actions on species composition remain largely unassessed. We used tree diameter and species data from 51 recently burned and 46 unburned plots located throughout lower and upper montane forests in Yosemite National Park and Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks to examine the effects of low- to moderate-severity (hereafter, lower-severity) fire on the demography of seven prevalent tree species. The density of Abies concolor <30 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) was significantly lower in burned plots than unburned plots; densities of A. concolor 30–45 cm dbh, A. magnifica <30 cm dbh, and Calocedrus decurrens <15 cm dbh were lower in burned plots than unburned plots at a marginal level of significance. These diameter thresholds represent the maximum size at which each species is likely to experience significant mortality from lower-severity fire. We overlaid these thresholds on historical and contemporary diameter distributions to show that: (1) lower-severity fire has reduced mean tree density to historical levels for A. concolor but not for C. decurrens, and (2) variability in tree density among plots that burned at lower severity exceeded the range of tree densities reported in historical data sets. High proportions of shade-tolerant species in some postfire stands may increase the prevalence of shade-tolerant species in the future, a potential concern for managers who seek to minimize ladder fuels and promote forest structure that is less prone to high-severity fire.
Impact of Hydrogen Bonding on the Dynamics and Structure of Protic Ionic Liquid/Water Binary Mixtures

The orientational dynamics and microscopic liquid structure of a protic ionic liquid, 1-ethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EhimNTf2), and its aprotic analogue, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EmimNTf2), were studied at various water concentrations using optical heterodyne-detected optical Kerr effect (OHD-OKE) spectroscopy, linear infrared spectroscopy, and atomistic simulations. The OHD-OKE experiments essentially measure the orientational relaxation of the Ehim+ and Emim+ cations. The experiments and simulations show a significant dynamical and structural change in EhimNTf2 between the 2:1 ion pair:water and the 1:1 ion pair:water concentrations. The OHD-OKE data show that EmimNTf2/water mixtures exhibit hydrodynamic behavior at all water concentrations up to saturation. In contrast, EhimNTf2/water mixtures deviate from hydrodynamic behavior at water concentrations above 2:1. At the 1:1 concentration, the orientational randomization of the Ehim+ cation is ...
Social Work's Role in Medicaid Reform: A Qualitative Study.

Objectives. To critically analyze social work’s role in Medicaid reform.Methods. We conducted semistructured interviews with 46 stakeholders from 10 US states that use a range of Medicaid reform approaches. We identified participants using snowball and purposive sampling. We gathered data in 2016 and analyzed them using qualitative methods.Results. Multiple themes emerged: (1) social work participates in Medicaid reform through clinical practice, including care coordination and case management; (2) there is a gap between social work’s practice-level and systems-level involvement in Medicaid innovations; (3) factors hindering social work’s involvement in systems-level practice include lack of visibility, insufficient clarity on social work’s role and impact, and too few resources within professional organizations; and (4) social workers need more training in health transformation payment models and policy.Conclusions. Social workers have unique skills that are valuable to building health systems that promo...
Assessment of Stroke Risk Factors in Southern Arizona (P02.054)

OBJECTIVE: To determine differences in concerns about stroke and stroke risk factors among Hispanic and non-Hispanic community health center patients and their preferred sources for medical information and health promotion programs. BACKGROUND: Hispanics have a higher incidence of strokes and poorer prognosis than non-Hispanic whites. To determine the pertinent factors that should be considered for a stroke prevention program, attitudes toward stroke risk factors and preferences for obtaining health related information was collected. DESIGN/METHODS: We collected 272 surveys (141 Hispanic, 131 non-Hispanic) in June 2012 containing quantitative and qualitative questions regarding chronic diseases, preferred sources of care, barriers to care, as well as the types of prevention programs potentially of interest to the patient population. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS. RESULTS: Proportionately fewer Hispanic (7.7%) than non-Hispanic (16.9%) patients indicated that stroke was among the most important diseases affecting their community. Hispanics were less likely to consider stroke-associated risk factors such as cholesterol and hypertension to be problematic. However, Hispanics endorsed obesity, diabetes and heart disease as important health concerns. Hispanics were more likely to consult their provider for medical advice (p CONCLUSIONS: Despite a higher incidence of stroke, Hispanic concern regarding stroke risk factors is much lower than non-Hispanics. This suggests that knowledge linking risk factors for stroke and incident stroke may be lacking in Hispanic communities. Lessened concern regarding stroke risk factors may contribute to an increase incidence in stroke and to a worse outcome in this population. Hispanics increased interest in health promotion programs may afford one approach to addressing this problem. This data suggest that despite historically worse stroke outcomes, preventative efforts may be beneficial in raising stroke risk factor awareness and improving outcomes in Hispanic patients. Disclosure: Dr. Nokes has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sim has nothing to disclose. Dr. Byreddy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chong has nothing to disclose. Dr. Drake has nothing to disclose. Dr. Labiner has received research grants from, is a consultant for, or is on the speakers bureau of the following companies: Cyberonics, Eisai, GlaxoSmithKline, UCB Pharm. Dr. Labiner has received research grants from Eisai, UCB Pharm, Sunovian. Dr. Coull has nothing to disclose.
High-Temperature Magnetic Properties of Exchange-Coupled Sm-Co/Nd-Fe-B Hybrid Nanocomposite Magnets

We report high-temperature magnetic properties of hybrid nanocomposite magnets composed of Sm2 Co17 and Nd2Fe14B hard magnetic phases prepared via high-energy ball milling and warm compaction. The magnetic and structural properties of the Sm2Co17/Nd2Fe 14B nanocomposite magnets were investigated for different phase fractions of the two hard phases. The effective interphase exchange coupling resulting from the small grain size (∼14 nm) of the hard phases leads to a single-phase-like demagnetization behavior with improved energy product ${(BH)}_{{{\max}}}$ . The Sm2Co17/Nd2Fe14B isotropic nanocomposite magnets exhibit a ${(BH)}_{{{\max}}}$ value up to 15.5 MG·Oe at room temperature. High-temperature magnetic characterizations show that the Sm2Co17/Nd2Fe14B hybrid nanocomposite magnets have remarkably better thermal stability than single-phase Nd2Fe14B magnets and also have enhanced ${(BH)}_{{{\max}}}$ compared to single-phase Sm 2Co17 magnets.
Enhancing Social and Intellectual Collaboration in Innovation Networks: A Study of Entrepreneurial Networks in an Urban Technological University

This article documents a pilot study of the social networks of faculty, staff, and students at the Illinois Tech (IIT), an urban technical university located in Chicago. The focus of our study is the Entrepreneurship Academy (EA) Council, a university-wide, academically focused organization with an overall goal of fostering a community of entrepreneurs that transcends schools, departments, and units. In this pilot study, we used Condor, a dynamic social network (SNA) tool, to map and analyze the visual representations of the email accounts of several EA Council members. In a second phase of the project we plan to introduce the EA Council to how they might use dynamic SNA to build and enhance resilient networks connecting students, faculty, staff, alumni, corporate partners, government, and entrepreneurial advocates to foster the creation a new generation of high impact entrepreneurs. We will present the results of this pilot study to the EA Council members with the aim of stimulating strategic conversations about the role of social networks in collaboration and innovation and about how they can use dynamic SNA to further the development of IIT’s entrepreneurial ecosystem.
Hybrid laser/arc girth welding of 304L stainless steel tubes, part 1 – Pore mitigation, thermal analysis and mechanical properties

Abstract Single-pass deep penetration hybrid laser arc welding (HLAW) of 8 mm thick AISI 304L stainless steel tubes with diameter of 280 mm was conducted by using a high-power disk laser combined with a gas metal arc welding machine. First, the effects of scanning speed as well as heat source arrangement on the weld integrity and pore mitigation were investigated. Then, the thermal simulation of the pipe girth welding using ANSYS was carried out to identify the heat distribution throughout the weld. Finally, the microstructural and mechanical attributes of the optimal weld were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), micro-hardness, and tensile test, respectively. The results showed that high welding speed along with the application of arc-push mode not only generated a visually sound weld but also significantly mitigated the number of keyhole-induced or gas-caused pores. The proposed heat source model for thermal simulation resulted in isotherms that were relatively consistent with the cross section of the weld for the arc-push and arc-pull modes. From the microstructural point of view, it was observed that the amount of δ-ferrite that was decomposed at the arc zone of the weld was proportional to the cooling rate. Therefore, the arc-pull mode with the higher cooling rate led to the formation of a large amount of δ-ferrite. Micro-hardness analysis of the optimal joint revealed neither softening nor hardening inside the FZ and HAZ. The optimal joint showed relatively uniform mechanical properties throughout the weld. Tensile test results showed that all joints failed in base metal confirming a stronger weld compared to the base metal.
Expanding treatment for hepatitis C in Canada.

[See related article at [www.cmaj.ca/lookup/doi/10.1503/cmaj.170453][2]][2] KEY POINTS Over the past few years, there have been major shifts in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Highly effective direct-acting antiviral agents have enabled treatment of patients with all stages of
Coral records of climate change: understanding past variability in the tropical ocean-atmosphere

The coupled ocean and atmosphere of the tropics plays an important role in climatic variability over the time scales relevant to the past two millennia. Small changes in the tropics can resonate through the climate system through their influence on regional ocean-atmosphere systems and boundary conditions. Increasingly, records from long-lived corals are being developed and applied to understand the pre-instrumental variability of the tropical oceans. Short records from many sites have demonstrated the utility of many geochemical and growth-related tracers in monitoring diverse aspects of past environmental changes. Longer records, particularly from the Pacific, are beginning to provide new information on the nature of intrinsic ocean-atmosphere variability. New results presented here support the application of these techniques in other regions. In particular, oxygen isotopic records from Venezuela clearly monitor regional SST patterns in the tropical Atlantic. On the northern Great Barrier Reef, new data indicate that seasonally specific reconstructions of rainfall and SST can be derived from coral isotopic records. These new data join a growing body of literature supporting the development of a network of coral paleoceanographic sites that will lend fresh insight into the natural variability and sensitivity of the tropical ocean-atmosphere and its role in global climate change.
How Evolving United States Payment Models Influence Primary Care and Its Impact on the Quadruple Aim.

Introduction: Prior research has demonstrated the associations between a strong primary care foundation with improved Quadruple Aim outcomes. The prevailing fee-for-service payment system in the United States reinforces the volume of services over value-based care, thereby devaluing primary care, and obstructing the health care system from attaining the Quadruple Aim. By supporting a shift from volume-based to value-based payment models, the Medicare Access and Children9s Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act may help fortify the role of primary care. This narrative review proposes a taxonomy of the major health care payment models, reviewing their ability to uphold the functions of primary care, and their impacts across the Quadruple Aim. Methods: An Ovid MEDLINE search and expert opinion from members of the Family Medicine for America9s Health payment and research tactic teams were used. Titles and abstracts were reviewed for relevance to the topic, and expert opinion further narrowed the literature for inclusion to timely and relevant articles. Findings: No payment model demonstrates consistent benefits across the Quadruple Aim across a limited evidence base. Several cross-cutting lessons from available payment models several recommendations for primary care payment models, including the following: implementing per member per month–based models, validating risk-adjustment tools, increasing investments in integrated behavioral health and social services, and connecting payments to patient-oriented and primary care-oriented metrics. Along with ongoing research in emerging payment models, data systems integrated across health care and social services settings using metrics that can capture the ideal functions of primary care will be critical to the development of future payment models that most optimally enhance the role of primary care in the United States. Conclusions: Although the ideal payment model for primary care remains to be determined, lessons learned from existing payment models can help guide the shift from volume-based to value-based care. To most effectively pay for primary care, future payment models should invest in a primary care infrastructure, one that supports team-based, community-oriented care, and measures the delivery of the functions of primary care.
Lexical derivation of the PINT taxonomy of goals: Prominence, inclusiveness, negativity prevention, and tradition.

What do people want? Few questions are more fundamental to psychological science than this. Yet, existing taxonomies disagree on both the number and content of goals. Thus, we adopted a lexical approach and investigated the structure of goal-relevant words from the natural English lexicon. Through an intensive rating process, 1,060 goal-relevant English words were first located. In Studies 1–2, two relatively large and diverse samples (total n = 1,026) rated their commitment to approaching or avoiding these goals. Principal component analyses yielded 4 replicable components: Prominence, Inclusiveness, Negativity Prevention, and Tradition (the PINT Taxonomy). Studies 3–7 (total n = 1,396) supported the 4-factor structure of an abbreviated scale and found systematic differences in their relationships with past goal-content measures, the Big 5 traits, affect, and need satisfaction. This investigation provides a data-driven taxonomy of higher-order goal-content and opens up a wide variety of fascinating lines for future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Comparative analysis of viruses in four bee species collected from agricultural, urban, and natural landscapes

Managed honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) and wild bees provide critical ecological services that shape and sustain natural, agricultural, and urban landscapes. In recent years, declines in bee populations have highlighted the importance of the pollination services they provide and the need for more research into the reasons for global bee losses. Several stressors cause declining populations of managed and wild bee species such as habitat degradation, pesticide exposure, and pathogens. Viruses, which have been implicated as a key stressor, are able to infect a wide range of species and can be transmitted both intra- and inter-specifically from infected bee species to uninfected bee species via vertical (from parent to offspring) and/or horizontal (between individuals via direct or indirect contact) transmission. To explore how viruses spread both intra- and inter-specifically within a community, we examined the impact of management, landscape type, and bee species on the transmission of four common viruses in Nebraska: Deformed wing virus (DWV), Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), Black queen cell virus (BQCV), and Sacbrood virus (SBV). Results indicated the prevalence of viruses is significantly affected (P < 0.005) by bee species, virus type, and season, but not by landscape or year (P = 0.290 and 0.065 respectively). The higher prevalence of DWV detected across bee species (10.4% on Apis mellifera, 5.3% on Bombus impatiens, 6.1% on Bombus griseocollis, and 22.44% on Halictus ligatus) and seasons (10.8% in early-mid summer and 11.4% in late summer) may indicate a higher risk of interspecific transmission of DWV. However, IAPV was predominately detected in Halictus ligatus (20.7%) and in late season collections (28.1%), which may suggest species-specific susceptibility and seasonal trends in infection rates associated with different virus types. However, there were limited detections of SBV and BQCV in bees collected during both sampling periods, indicating SBV and BQCV may be less prevalent among bee communities in this area.