cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structured speech input for clinical data collection

This paper presents an environment for collecting clinical data using structured speech input. The system uses nomenclature terms and data consistency rules to limit the speech input to a discrete set of phrases which can be configured to support a wide range of studies. This information is stored in an event-oriented data model as strongly typed observations for subsequent distribution and data analysis. The use of speech input should result in increased efficiency during hands-busy data collection tasks. The strongly typed data, as opposed to free-form narratives, ensures a quantitative information base for analysis and clinical decision support.
Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome: Is there a role for immunomodulation?

The anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) is an idiosyncratic immunologic reaction to certain anticonvulsant medications, in which internal organ involvement may lead to fatal multisystemic failure. This syndrome has been associated with the use of aromatic ring-containing agents such as phenytoin, carbamazepine, or phenobarbitone. Clinically, this condition presents with the classic triad of fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy. We review the existing literature on AHS pathogenesis and illustrate a case complicated by liver dysfunction where the use of N-acetylcysteine (N-AC) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may have altered the course of the disease. The rationale of suggesting N-AC and IVIG for the treatment of this syndrome relies on the theoretical synergistic effects of the two agents. Although treatment for this syndrome remains controversial and relies heavily on anecdotal evidence, the progression of hepatic injury may be prevented by the addition of N-AC. The scavenging properties of N-AC may palliate and possibly prevent free radical-mediated liver damage. In addition, IVIG may effectively modulate the overreactive immune system in AHS. We discuss the possible role of using immunomodulating agents for the treatment of this syndrome and suggest that alternative regimens should be given special consideration especially in those critical clinical situations where supportive measures appear to be unsuccessful.
Drosophila DBT lacking protein kinase activity produces long-period and arrhythmic circadian behavioral and molecular rhythms.

A mutation (K38R) which specifically eliminates kinase activity was created in the Drosophila melanogaster ckI gene (doubletime [dbt]). In vitro, DBT protein carrying the K38R mutation (DBTK/R) interacted with Period protein (PER) but lacked kinase activity. In cell culture and in flies, DBTK/R antagonized the phosphorylation and degradation of PER, and it damped the oscillation of PER in vivo. Overexpression of short-period, long-period, or wild-type DBT in flies produced the same circadian periods produced by the corresponding alleles of the endogenous gene. These mutations therefore dictate an altered “set point” for period length that is not altered by overexpression. Overexpression of the DBTK/R produced effects proportional to the titration of endogenous DBT, with long circadian periods at lower expression levels and arrhythmicity at higher levels. This first analysis of adult flies with a virtual lack of DBT activity demonstrates that DBT's kinase activity is necessary for normal circadian rhythms and that a general reduction of DBT kinase activity does not produce short periods.
Treatment with tissue plasminogen activator is not associated with increased use of neurosurgery.

Background: Current guidelines of stroke care imply that tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) should be only used in centers with a neurosurgeon available to manage any intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Such advice may be difficult to follow with the current US shortage of neurosurgeons. It could also contribute to the underutilization of rtPA in smaller hospitals and might not be justified if, in practice, most ICHs were managed medically. Methods: Using the Health Cost Utilization Project 2000 sample we studied the relationship among ischemic stroke, ICH, and rtPA. Results: In this sample of 7,450,992 hospital admissions, 1516 patients had both ischemic stroke and ICH. Among these patients, 58 had received rtPA and 5 of those (8.6%) had a neurosurgical intervention. In the remaining 1458 patients who did not receive rtPA, 178 (12.2%) had neurosurgery. Therefore, the odds ratio for having a neurosurgical intervention for ICH after rtPA was 0.68 (95% confidence interval: 0.27-1.7). Conclusions: In this large sample of US hospital admissions as a result of acute ischemic stroke with overlapping hemorrhage, the use of rtPA was not associated with an increased number of neurosurgical interventions. This lack of association, which needs to be confirmed in prospective studies, argues against withholding treatment with rtPA in patients with stroke based on neurosurgical availability.
Topoisomerase IV-quinolone interactions are mediated through a water-metal ion bridge: mechanistic basis of quinolone resistance

Although quinolones are the most commonly prescribed antibacterials, their use is threatened by an increasing prevalence of resistance. The most common causes of quinolone resistance are mutations of a specific serine or acidic residue in the A subunit of gyrase or topoisomerase IV. These amino acids are proposed to serve as a critical enzyme-quinolone interaction site by anchoring a water-metal ion bridge that coordinates drug binding. To probe the role of the proposed water-metal ion bridge, we characterized wild-type, GrlA(E85K), GrlA(S81F/E85K), GrlA(E85A), GrlA(S81F/E85A) and GrlA(S81F) Bacillus anthracis topoisomerase IV, their sensitivity to quinolones and related drugs and their use of metal ions. Mutations increased the Mg(2+) concentration required to produce maximal quinolone-induced DNA cleavage and restricted the divalent metal ions that could support quinolone activity. Individual mutation of Ser81 or Glu85 partially disrupted bridge function, whereas simultaneous mutation of both residues abrogated protein-quinolone interactions. Results provide functional evidence for the existence of the water-metal ion bridge, confirm that the serine and glutamic acid residues anchor the bridge, demonstrate that the bridge is the primary conduit for interactions between clinically relevant quinolones and topoisomerase IV and provide a likely mechanism for the most common causes of quinolone resistance.
Differentiating Inservice Through Teacher Concerns About Education for the Gifted

Gifted students require differentiated curriculum, and teachers of gifted students require differentiated inservice which addresses their needs with those students. The Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM) developed at the Texas Research and Development Center for Teacher Education provides a framework for developing differentiated inservice. This article describes the use of one CBAM dimension, Stages of Concern About The Innovation, to match inservice opportunities to the needs of teachers.
Teaching Students How to Self-Regulate Their Online Vocabulary Learning By Using a Structured Think-To-Yourself Procedure

Using the Internet for vocabulary development is a powerful way for students to rapidly expand their vocabularies. The Internet affords students opportunities to interact both instantaneously and multimodaly with words in different contexts. By using search engines and hyperlinks, students can immediately access textual, visual, and auditory information about a word and can also experience the word in a variety of contexts. But, to fully reap the benefits of using the Internet for vocabulary learning, students need to be able to self-regulate their online actions and avoid the Internet’s multitudinous distractions. In this article, we describe our development and research on the benefits of teaching students structured thinking procedures to remain metacognitively engaged when learning vocabulary online.
Abstract 357: Intra-placental gene transfer of Insulin Like Growth Factor 1 Reprograms Altered Myocardial Gene Expression In Growth Restricted Mouse Model with Cardiac Dysfunction

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), defined as birth weight Method: Laparotomy was performed on pregnant C57 mice at embryonic day 18 and pups were divided into 3 groups. Control: Sham operated; IUGR: by ligation of a uterine artery branch; IUGR+IGF1: injection of Ad IGF1 after ligation. Pups were delivered and followed up with cross-sectional (2D) and Doppler transthoracic echocardiography until 36 week. Hearts were collected and RNA extracted for gene expression analysis by qPCR at 36 week. Data were analyzed using ANOVA Result: At week 36, IUGR mice showed significantly reduced EF (41 ± 6 vs 53 ± 7 vs 57 ± 9) compared to SHAM & IUGR+IGF1 (Fig A). IUGR showed significantly increased LVID;d (3.8 ± 0.3 vs 3.1± 0.49 vs 2.9 ± 0.4) as compared to SHAM & IUGR+IGF1 (Fig B). IUGR hearts demonstrated significantly increased CTGF (1.7± 0.6 vs 0.9 ± 0.3 vs 0.8 ± 0.2), and Col1A1 (2.4 ± 0.2 vs. 1.6 ± 0.4 vs 1.4 ± 0.5), as compared to SHAM & IUGR+IGF1(Fig C). No differences were detected in the other genes Conclusion: AdIGF1 gene transfer rescues IUGR induced cardiac dysfunction and reprograms myocardial gene expression of CTGF&COL1A1. These changes may represent a potential epigenetic regulation that reprograms the fetus and attenuates the risk of adult onset CVD
Determination of Intracellular Distributions of Refractive Index of B-cells and HL60 cells at 442, 633 and 850nm

Mueller matrix elements of B-cell and HL60 cell suspensions were measured and compared to the FDTD calculated results with 3D reconstructed structures. The intracellular distributions of refractive index were determined for the two types of cells.
Experimental study on the ignition of the coupling system of coal gas and coal dust

To analyze the ignition characteristics of gas,coal dust and air 3 component system,using the modified minimum ignition temperature of dust cloud test device(G-G furnace),a set of experiments on the minimum ignition temperature of coal gas and coal dust coupled system was conducted in this study.The coal dust samples include brown coal,two types of bituminous coal and a type of anthracite coal.The results show that the minimum ignition temperature(MIT) of the coupling system is lower than that of coal gas and coal dust.Moreover,the higher the volatile matter and the finer the coal dust particles,the lower the MIT of the coupling system.For example,for the No.1 coal dust sample with D 50 ≈25 μm,the MIT is 340 ℃ lower than that of coal gas and 110 ℃ lower than that of coal dust.The study demonstrates that it may not be safe enough to design the allowable temperature of the electrical equipment used in coal mine only based on the MIT of coal gas.This is because of the potential ignition risk due to the presence of coal gas-coal dust coupling system.The actual technical requirements should be improved.
Impact analysis of pharmacy intervention for antibiotic associated diarrhea in children

Objective To investigate the clinical relevance and incidence of pharmacy intervention for antibiotic associated diarrhea in children,and make a deeper analysis of drug application on the impact of children diarrhea.Methods The clinical data of 30 children with antibiotic associated diarrhea from January to September 2011 in our hospital were ana lyzed for the relationship between antibiotics and diarrhea.Results The children using antibiotics over 5 days would easily get higher diarrhea occurrence.The more antibiotics used,the higher the incidence of diarrhea was,there was significant difference between antibiotics and diarrhea(P 0.05).Conclusion The key to prevent and control antibiotic associated diarrhea in children is reasonable using and controlling of antibiotics,and its use must be paid enough attention in clinic.
Calculation Method of Train Piston Wind in High Speed Railway Tunnels

The calculation method of piston wind caused by the train running in high speed railway tunnels was put forward based on the one-dimensional unsteady compressible flow model and the method of characteristics in this paper. It is proved to be more accurate through the comparison of the data model experiment carried out by foreign scholars and the results calculated by the conventional unsteady incompressible flow model. Besides, the influence degree of each factor was derived from series combination calculations under different blockage ratio,train speed,train and tunnel lengths. The factors influencing the piston wind in tunnels from high to low are respectively train speed,blockage ratio,train length and the length of tunnel.
The Physics of B and D Mesons

Heavy quark physics is an enormously broad and active area of particle physics. In these lectures, I have chosen to concentrate on the weak decays of B and D mesons, plus a short section on charm spectroscopy. The goal is to describe what we are learning about the physics of these particles, and what we need to do next. I will end with a discussion of the prospects for measuring CP violation in B decays in the near future.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Two Stage, Nonlinear Photobase Generator

Amine photobase generators (PBGs) are uncommon yet useful compounds. Rarer still are examples of PBGs that are active at visible wavelengths. We report the synthesis and characterization of new photolabile amine protecting groups that are active under visible light. The new chromophore, benzothiophene imino-phenylacetonitrile (BTIPA), was synthesized in four steps without use of chromatography and found to release any one of several amines upon exposure to 405 nm light. The chromophore was also demonstrated to be useful as a Merrifield synthesis protecting group. Experimental evidence suggests a sequential, two stage photolysis mechanism which leads to a nonlinear response to dose.
The future of intestinal pacing.

SUMMARY Pacing the human heart, first done in 1952, 35 is commonly used today. Pacing the canine stomach and small intestine has also been accomplished and has been used to treat a variety of disease models, including dumping, the short bowel syndrome, gastroparesis, the Roux stasis syndrome, and tachygastria. In contrast, pacing the human stomach and small intestine has not progressed as far. Pacing of these organs in man has only been done for short intervals. Moreover, no clear-cut therapeutic applications have as yet emerged. Nonetheless, pacing holds promise as a future therapeutic modality for a variety of disorders of the human stomach and small bowel.
The Effect of Gene Dosage on Variability in the Honeybee. I. The Eye Colour Mutants

SummaryThe expression of five eye-colour mutants of the honeybee was found to differ between workers and drones, but in an irregular fashion suggesting that dosage compensation in honeybees arises from the different developmental phases in the two sexes, and not from mechanisms that specifically adjust for the initial difference in ploidy. Queens of two of the mutants were also examined and were found to differ from both workers and drones, so nutritional differences may be reflected by mutant gene expression.
CHAPTER 7 – Fatty acid desaturation and chain elongation in mammals

Publisher Summary Fatty acids are carboxylic acids containing variable lengths of hydrocarbon chains. The length varies from 4 to 36 carbons or more depending on the mammalian species. Fatty acids synthesize de novo as well as those derived from the diet are modified in the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and peroxisomes through metabolic pathways that include desaturation and elongation, producing a variety of long-chain saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (SFA, MUFA, and PUFA, respectively) consisting of 16 carbons or more. Esterified long-chain fatty acyls in triacylglycerols (TG) constitute the body's major and most efficient energy stores. The phospholipid (PL) fatty acyl chain length and the number and position of double bonds can markedly influence fluidity, permeability, and stability of biological membranes. By influencing membrane physical properties, fatty acids can alter the function of integral membrane proteins including receptors and those proteins involved in ion channeling, endocytosis, and exocytosis. The release of specific fatty acids from membrane PL stores can also lead to the generation of precursors for certain signaling molecules such as eicosanoids, pheromones, growth regulators, and hormones. In addition to their effects on specific nuclear receptors and other proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression, long-chain fatty acids are also involved in the covalent modification of numerous proteins reported to be crucial for the formation and infectivity of certain viruses as well as other cellular functions.
Where Were the Regulators

There is one thing that has become most apparent from the Global Financial Meltdown of 2008. We must certainly remedy the problem of regulators that are underpaid, understaffed, overworked, or are a bit too cozy with the institutions they are asked to regulate on our behalf.
T3 Human rhinovirus impairs the innate immune response to bacteria in monocyte derived macrophages from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Introduction Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are associated with accelerated disease progression, hospitalisation and death. Respiratory viruses are identified in approximately half of all exacerbations. We have previously found that human rhinovirus infection leads to a secondary outgrowth of bacteria which is associated increased exacerbation severity. The mechanisms of how HRV increases risk of secondary bacterial outgrowth are unknown. Hypothesis We hypothesised that HRV infection impairs phagocytosis of bacteria by monocyte derived macrophages (MDM) which may lead to an increased risk of secondary bacterial outgrowth during COPD exacerbations. Methods Participants were recruited from the London COPD Cohort. MDM were generated by culture in GM-CSF or M-CSF for 12 days. MDM were incubated with HRV 16 for 24 hours at increasing multiplicity of infection (MOI) 0.5–10 for 24 hours or poly-IC at increasing concentrations 0–300 µg/ml. Phagocytic capacity was then assessed by incubating MDMs with fluorescently labelled heat killed Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae for 4 hours and uptake measured by fluorimetry. The pro-inflammatory cytokine CXCL-8 and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were measured by ELISA according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Results HRV16 impaired phagocytosis of H. influenzae (HRV (MOI of 5) 2.84 ± 0.92 vs media control 4.36 ± 1.06 RFU × 10³ n = 8, p = 0.01) and S. pneumoniae (p H. influenzae compared to media alone (0.59 (0.33–0.96) ng/ml vs 1.83 (1.11–3.00) ng/ml respectively, n = 6, p = 0.03) and impaired CXCL-8 response to H influenzae compared to media alone 4.41 (3.45–5.85) ng/ml vs 24.65 (11.63–29.77) ng/ml respectively, n = 5, p = 0.01). Poly-IC impaired phagocytosis of H. influenzae in a concentration-dependent manner without significantly impairing cell viability. Poly IC alone also induced IL-8 release from MDM. Conclusions HRV impairs phagocytosis of bacteria by MDM in COPD and impairs cytokine response to bacteria which may inhibit neutrophil influx and prevent resolution of inflammation. This may lead to an outgrowth of bacteria and prolonged exacerbations in COPD.
Stigmatic Harm and Standing

If the government violates the law in a way that stigmatizes a particular group, does a member of that group have standing to challenge the violation in federal court? In the well-known case of Allen v. Wright, the Supreme Court said no. According to the Court, stigmatic harm is too abstract and generalized to support standing in most cases. To permit standing on the basis of stigmatic harm alone, the Court stated, would "transform the federal courts into no more than a vehicle for the vindication of the value interests of concerned bystanders." This Article revisits that decision. It begins by explaining that, despite Allen, the Court has never completely ruled out stigmatic harm as a basis for standing. In equal protection, electoral districting, and Establishment Clause cases, the Court has sometimes invoked stigmatic harm as a basis for standing, while in its recent opinion in Lawrence v. Texas the Court relied on stigmatic harm to reach an issue that was not necessary to the resolution of the case. The Article then makes the normative claim that stigmatic harm should be a sufficient injury for purposes of standing. Drawing on social science research, it examines the nature of stigma, the role of law in creating and reinforcing stigma, and the harms experienced by the stigmatized. This research shows that stigmatic harm is just as concrete as other injuries the Court recognizes as sufficient for standing. Finally, after considering a number of possible objections, the Article describes various scenarios in which plaintiffs might rely on stigmatic harm as a basis for standing.
Why Representation Matters: The Meaning of Ethnic Quotas in Rural India

When members of groups that have long been marginalized finally gain access to political offices, it is expected that the social meaning of belonging to such a group will change and that these psychological changes will have far-reaching behavioral consequences. Supporters of political quotas granting such access often argue that they improve the nature of intergroup relations. However, these presumed psychological effects have remained surprisingly uncharted and untested. Do policies mandating the inclusion of excluded groups in political offices change the intergroup relations? If so, in what ways? By drawing on careful multi-method explorations of a single case - local-level electoral quotas for members of formerly 'untouchable' castes in India - this book provides nuanced, thorough and ultimately optimistic responses to these questions.
Transthoracic Echocardiography for Diagnosing Pulmonary Embolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common diagnosis with significant mortality if not appropriately treated. The use of transthoracic echocardiography in patients with PE is common; however, its diagnostic capabilities in this use are unclear. With the increased use of ultrasonography in medical settings, it is important to understand the strengths and limitations of echocardiography for the diagnosis of PE. Methods We conducted a systematic review of PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE through 2016 for articles assessing the diagnostic accuracy of transthoracic echocardiography for PE. Two authors independently abstracted relevant data from the studies. We assessed quality using the QUADAS-2 tool for diagnostic studies. Results Undefined "right heart strain" was the most common sign used, and it had a sensitivity of 53% (95% CI, 45%–61%) and a specificity of 83% (95% CI, 74%–90%). Eleven other distinct signs were identified: ventricle size ratio, abnormal septal motion, tricuspid regurgitation, 60/60 sign, McConnell's sign, right heart thrombus, right ventricle hypokinesis, pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular end-diastolic diameter, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, and right ventricular systolic pressure. Conclusions Studies show a consistently high specificity and low sensitivity for echocardiography in the diagnosis of PE, making it potentially adequate as a rule-in test at the bedside in critical care settings such as the emergency department and intensive care unit for patients with a suspicion of PE, especially those unable to get other confirmatory studies. Future research may continue to clarify the role of bedside echocardiography in conjunction with other tests and imaging in the overall management of PE.
Ensemble cryo-EM elucidates the mechanism of translation fidelity

Gene translation depends on accurate decoding of mRNA, the structural mechanism of which remains poorly understood. Ribosomes decode mRNA codons by selecting cognate aminoacyl-tRNAs delivered by elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu). Here we present high-resolution structural ensembles of ribosomes with cognate or near-cognate aminoacyl-tRNAs delivered by EF-Tu. Both cognate and near-cognate tRNA anticodons explore the aminoacyl-tRNA-binding site (A site) of an open 30S subunit, while inactive EF-Tu is separated from the 50S subunit. A transient conformation of decoding-centre nucleotide G530 stabilizes the cognate codon-anticodon helix, initiating step-wise 'latching' of the decoding centre. The resulting closure of the 30S subunit docks EF-Tu at the sarcin-ricin loop of the 50S subunit, activating EF-Tu for GTP hydrolysis and enabling accommodation of the aminoacyl-tRNA. By contrast, near-cognate complexes fail to induce the G530 latch, thus favouring open 30S pre-accommodation intermediates with inactive EF-Tu. This work reveals long-sought structural differences between the pre-accommodation of cognate and near-cognate tRNAs that elucidate the mechanism of accurate decoding.
Supporting generous purpose in adolescence: the roles of school climate and spirituality*

Evidence grows to support the role of purpose on the path to thriving during adolescence, but less is known about what may support purpose development during the adolescent period. The study descri...
Abstract 15150: Triidothyronine and Dexamethasone Improve Electrophysiological Maturation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes

Introduction: Although human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are increasingly used for disease modeling, a major limitation are their relative electrophysiological immaturity (i.e., spontaneous electrical activity, low levels of inward rectifier current (I K1 ), and high levels of pacemaker current (I f )). Triiodothyronine (T 3 ) plays an important role for heart development and combined with Dexamethasone has been reported to improve functional properties of hiPSC-CMs but its effect on I K1 and I f is unknown. Objective: To test whether addition of T 3 & Dexamethasone to standard hiPSC cardiac induction media enhances electrophysiological maturation of hiPSC-CM without increasing culturing time. Methods: T 3 & Dexamethasone or vehicle was added to cardiac induction media from day 16 to day 30. Day 30 th hiPSC-CMs were dissociated, plated at single cell density for 5 days on a flexible matrigel substrate and studied using voltage clamp and confocal imaging. Results: Spontaneous beating rate was significantly reduced in hormone-treated compared to vehicle-treated hiPSC-CM (10±1.7 b/min vs. 23±1.9 b/min, n=10, p f density was three-fold decreased by hormone treatment (-2.7±0.35 pA/pF vs. -6.2±1.3 pA/pF at -120 mV, n=6, p Figure , I K1 density was four-time higher in hormone-treated hiPSC-CM than in control (-19.3±2.2 pA/pF vs. -4.4±0.5 pA/pF at -120 mV, n=7, p Conclusion: Addition of T 3 & Dexamethasone to standard protocols may be an effective approach for rapidly enhancing electrophysiological and ultrastructural maturity of hiPSC-CMs.
AMF: the future prospect for sustainable agriculture.

Abstract A wide range of association exists in nature of which symbiotic association is the most evolutionary conserved where both the partners are mutually benefited. However, these associations of the plants with microorganisms are both harmful as well as beneficial. Hence the key to survival for plants is to promote beneficial symbiotic associations and prevent the intruding pathogens. In this review, we focus on the beneficial role of mycorrhiza, a heterogeneous group of fungi primarily associated with plant roots. Out of these associations, one group of root obligate mycorrhiza provides the host plant with water nutrients and importantly protects from pathogens, called Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF). This association helps in improving the nutrient supply like nitrogen and phosphorus to the plants and in turn, the fungus gets 20% of the fixed carbon from the plants. The nutrient transfer is established by the help of structures called arbuscules and the release of ‘Myc factors’ by fungus and strigolactones by plant root exudates induces the symbiotic reactions. A coordination of these two factors, in turn, switches on the downstream signaling cascades that further strengthens the association. In the course of research over the years several genes like novel transporters or receptor kinases have been identified that favors the association and in turn helps in dissecting the cellular responses. In this review, we discuss the current status of several studies, which unravel the contributions of partners involved in these symbiotic associations and can be exploited for improvement of agricultural crops in diverse environmental conditions.
'A Whore You Are, Madam' or, the Binary That Wasn't: Female Dyads and Doubling in John Fletcher's The Chances and Women Pleased

This essay engages in a feminist transnationalist reading of two plays by John Fletcher set in Italy, The Chances and Women Pleased, paying particular attention to the author's subversive use of female doubling and dyads, as well as the way in which ethnic or othering language presents femininity as a 'country' of its own. The essay also highlights these later plays' echoes of Fletcher's The Woman's Prize, or The Tamer Tamed, his response to Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew, in arguing for Fletcher's surprising resistance to both Italophobia and misogyny.
Rip it up and start again: The rejection of a characterization of a phenomenon.

Abstract In this paper, I investigate the nature of empirical findings that provide evidence for the characterization of a scientific phenomenon, and the defeasible nature of this evidence. To do so, I explore an exemplary instance of the rejection of a characterization of a scientific phenomenon: memory transfer. I examine the reason why the characterization of memory transfer was rejected, and analyze how this rejection tied to researchers’ failures to resolve experimental issues relating to replication and confounds. I criticize the presentation of the case by Harry Collins and Trevor Pinch, who claim that no sufficient reason was provided to abandon research on memory transfer. I argue that skeptics about memory transfer adopted what I call a defeater strategy, in which researchers exploit the defeasibility of the evidence for a characterization of a phenomenon.
Tracheobronchial Tumors of the Salivary Gland Type

Tumors derived from the submucosal glands of the tracheobronchial tree are currently known as tumors of the salivary gland type. Most but not all of the tumors occurring in the major and minor salivary glands of the head and neck are known to occur in the respiratory tract. In the past, the term bronchial adenoma has been used to designate a group of slow-growing neoplasms, many of which arise from the bronchial glands of the respiratory tract. This is unfortunate since some of these so-called adenomas are in fact low-grade malignancies. Therefore, the term bronchial adenoma is to be discouraged and will not be used in this chapter.
Nonlinear Plane Longitudinal Waves in Elastic Materials (John Model, Two-Constant Model and Signorini Model, Three-Constant Model)

This chapter is devoted to an analysis of nonlinear elastic plane longitudinal harmonic waves, which corresponds to the John and Signorini models. The statement is divided into two parts.
Abstract 3918: Targeting the CLCF1-CNTFR signaling axis using directed evolution for lung cancer therapy

Introduction: While cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are known to promote and sustain the growth of tumors, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Previous work in our lab identified a novel mechanism of communication in which CAFs secrete cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (CLCF1), a cytokine that binds ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor (CNTFR) on tumor cells and promotes neoplastic growth. CNTFR is a component of the tripartite receptor complex formed by CNTFR-gp130-LIFR and is capable of activating several oncogenic signaling cascades, including Jak-STAT. Here we demonstrate that targeting CNTFR represents a potentially novel strategy for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Results: Gene expression analyses reveal that increased CNTFR and CLCF1 levels correlate with poor patient outcomes and that CLCF1 expression is consistently higher in CAFs when compared to normal lung fibroblasts (NLFs) from the same patient. Elevated CNTFR expression was also seen in NSCLC cell lines by western blot, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. Addition of recombinant CLCF1 increased the proliferation of NSCLC cell lines in culture (A549, H23, and H358), while CNTFR knockdown decreased cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro and tumor growth in A549, H23, and H2009 xenografts. CNTFR knockdown also decreased phosphorylation of STAT3 and ERK and decreased expression of several dedifferentiation markers. Therefore, CLCF1-CNTFR signaling may promote tumor growth by activating the Jak-STAT and Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathways, and by promoting the dedifferentiation of normal epithelial tissue. Finally, we tested a novel “ligand trap” to bind soluble CLCF1 thereby abrogating the CLCF1-CNTFR signaling axis. This ligand trap was designed using directed protein engineering to increase binding compared to the native CNTFR. In vivo treatment of cell lines and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) led to decreased tumor growth. Currently we are testing this novel biologic in an autochthonous mouse tumor model. These results identify a pro-oncogenic role for CLCF1-CNTFR signaling in lung cancer and a potentially novel approach to therapy using a ligand decoy. Perspectives: We identify for the first time a critical role for CLCF1-CNTFR signaling in NSCLC progression. We validate this role in both a cell culture model and in PDXs, and we also demonstrate novel links between CLCF1-CNTFR and two well established oncogenic pathways. Our findings may shed light on oncogenic mechanisms in other cancer contexts and facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Citation Format: Cesar Marquez, Jun Kim, Amato Giaccia, Jennifer Cochran, Alejandro Sweet-Cordero. Targeting the CLCF1-CNTFR signaling axis using directed evolution for lung cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3918.
Automatic a priori round-off analysis: Part I: Arithmetic Conditions

The effect of rounding errors on an algebraic process is often investigated by means of a so-called backward analysis. In this paper we will discuss the possibility of performing such an analysis on a computer. We begin with a precise definition of a stable algorithm, i.e., an algorithm which is relatively insensitive to rounding errors.
Applicability of Spray Polyurethane Foam Ventilation Guidelines for Do-It-Yourself Application Events

Abstract Small two-component spray polyurethane foam (SPF) application kits are often applied by Do-It-Yourself (DIY) consumers. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) publishes a guideline for ventilating a space where SPF is being applied to minimize exposure to mists, vapors, particles and dust. This study sought to assess the applicability of the EPA ventilation guideline in protecting non-application areas of a house from exposure to SPF-associated emissions during a DIY application. Specifically, the research sought to determine if the flame retardant in SPF, Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)-phosphate (TCPP), migrates outside a temporarily-constructed isolation area during and after a SPF application in the basement of a test home. Tracer decay tests were used to characterize the enhanced ventilation during application. The tracer gas results highlighted the importance of setting up the house internal and external openings to achieve effective isolation and ventilation of the spray area. The DIY spray led to a statistically significant increase in the airborne TCPP concentrations in the basement during the first eight hours after application. However, the basement TCPP concentrations during and immediately after the SPF application were not statistically different from the TCPP concentrations in the basement (associated with the application of SPF during construction) measured four years prior to this application. The data indicate that, for the case tested in this study, following the EPA SPF ventilation guideline protected the rest of the house from elevated TCPP concentrations. However, these results may not hold for higher loading rates, lower airflow rates, leakier isolation enclosures or non-analyzed chemicals.
Flexibility of Remediation Methods for Winding Open Circuit Faults in a Multiphase PM Machine Considering Iron Losses Minimization

The flexibility of post-fault control in multiphase machine systems stems from their multiple degrees of freedom. A post-fault loss-minimization method is proposed and investigated in this paper, in which both the machine copper and iron losses are considered during the derivation of post-fault remediation methods. Therefore, machine efficiency during post-fault operation can be further improved compared to the conventional stator-ohmic-loss-minimization approach. In addition, the combination of three key factors/constraints that can influence the post-fault control strategy of a six-phase permanent magnet (PM) machine has been investigated. By comparing four selected remediation methods based on three constraints, the pros and cons of those methods as well as the influence of the constraints are discussed.
Inter-Collegiate Football, Responsibility, Exploitation, and the Public Good.

This article presents philosophical-ethical arguments concerning the extent to which NCAA inter-collegiate (“American” or U.S.) football is a public good and some implausible implications of the claim that it constitutes a public good and ought to be publicly subsidized as part of a component of U.S. higher education generally as is currently the case. Underlying this main argument is one concerning who or what should have the responsibility for subsidizing the necessary costs of the sport, including its associated healthcare and medical costs.
Dimensionality-Aware Redundant SIMT Instruction Elimination

In massively multithreaded architectures, redundantly executing the same instruction with the same operands in different threads is a significant source of inefficiency. This paper introduces Dimensionality-Aware Redundant SIMT Instruction Elimination (DARSIE), a non-speculative instruction skipping mechanism to reduce redundant operations in GPUs. DARSIE uses static markings from the compiler and information obtained at kernel launch time to skip redundant instructions before they are fetched, keeping them out of the pipeline. DARSIE exploits a new observation that there is significant redundancy across warp instructions in multi-dimensional threadblocks. For minimal area cost, DARSIE eliminates conditionally redundant instructions without any programmer intervention. On increasingly important 2D GPU applications, DARSIE reduces the number of instructions fetched and executed by 23% over contemporary GPUs. Not fetching these instructions results in a geometric mean of 30% performance improvement, while decreasing the energy consumed by 25%.
Antimicrobial resistance patterning and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing for non -typhoidal Salmonella isolated from diarrhea cases in Guangdong province, China

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance pattern of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolated from diarrhea cases in Guangdong province,China.The multidrug-resistant strains were analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis(PFGE) typing.Methods All the non-typhoidal Salmonella strains isolated between 2009 and 2011 were serotyped,then the antimicrobial resistance was detected by the disk diffusion method and molecular typed by PFGE.Results 91.76％ (256/279) S.typhimurium isolates were multiple resistant to 3 and more antimicrobials.Forty S.typhimurium isolates were multiple resistant to 9 and more antimicrobials and 3 out of which were multiple resistant to all the 12 antimicrobials in vitro.96.91％ (94/97) Salmonella I4,5,12:i:-isolates were multiple resistant to 3 and more antimicrobials.Nine Salmonella I4,5,12:i:- isolates were multiple resistant to 9 and more antimicrobials and I out of which was multiple resistant to all the 12 antimicrobials1 in vitro.47％ (47/100) S.enteritidis isolates were multiple resistant to 3 and more antimicrobials.Only 1 S.enteritidis isolates was multiple resistant to 9 and more antimicrobials.4.27％ (27/632) non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates was resistant to ciprofloxacin,including 17 S.typhimurium and 6 Salmonella 14,5,12:i:- isolates.Also,there were 3 1.96％ ( 202/632 ) non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates was intermediary to ciprofloxacin.The PFGE patterns of the predominant strains which were highly resistant and multidrug-resistant had different genotypes and demonstrated significant genetic diversity.Conclusion The situation about the multiple antimicrobial resistances of non-typhoidal Salmonella in Guangdong province has showed the prevalent problem.The PFGE types of the multiple drug-resistant strains prompted these strains were come from different clones.This requires that we continue to strengthen the resistance monitoring and control of the rational use of antibiotics. Key words: Non-typhoidal Salmonella; Antimicrobial resistance pattern; Pulsed field gel electrophoresis
Value-based assessment of implementing a Pulmonary Embolism Response Team (PERT)

PERTs are a new, multidisciplinary approach to PE care. They were conceived to efficiently identify and risk stratify PE patients and standardize care delivery. More research needs to be conducted to assess the effects that PERTs have had on PE care. This study sought to determine the effects of a PERT on quality and overall value of care. This was a retrospective study of all patients 18 years of age or older who presented with a principal diagnosis of an acute PE based on available ICD codes from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2018. Patients who did not have an imaging study, i.e., CTPA or ECHO, available were excluded. Patients were divided into pre- (before October 2015) and post-PERT eras (after October 2015) and stratified based on the presence of right heart strain/dysfunction on imaging. All quality outcomes were extracted from the EMR, and cost outcomes were provided by the financial department. 530 individuals (226 pre-PERT and 304 post-PERT) were identified for analysis. Quality outcomes improved between the eras; most notably in-hospital mortality decreased (16.5 vs. 9.6) and hospital LOS decreased (7.7 vs. 4.4) (p < 0.05). Total cost of care also decreased a statistically significant amount between the eras. The implementation of a PERT improved quality and cost of care, resulting in improved value. We hypothesize that this may be due to more timely identification and risk stratification leading to earlier interventions and streamlined decision making, but further research is required to validate these findings in larger cohorts.
Motile cilia genetics and cell biology: big results from little mice

Our understanding of motile cilia and their role in disease has increased tremendously over the last two decades, with critical information and insight coming from the analysis of mouse models. Motile cilia form on specific epithelial cell types and typically beat in a coordinated, whip-like manner to facilitate the flow and clearance of fluids along the cell surface. Defects in formation and function of motile cilia result in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a genetically heterogeneous disorder with a well-characterized phenotype but no effective treatment. A number of model systems, ranging from unicellular eukaryotes to mammals, have provided information about the genetics, biochemistry, and structure of motile cilia. However, with remarkable resources available for genetic manipulation and developmental, pathological, and physiological analysis of phenotype, the mouse has risen to the forefront of understanding mammalian motile cilia and modeling PCD. This is evidenced by a large number of relevant mouse lines and an extensive body of genetic and phenotypic data. More recently, application of innovative cell biological techniques to these models has enabled substantial advancement in elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the biogenesis and function of mammalian motile cilia. In this article, we will review genetic and cell biological studies of motile cilia in mouse models and their contributions to our understanding of motile cilia and PCD pathogenesis.
Smoking Behaviors Among Tobacco-Using Parents of Hospitalized Children and Association With Child Cotinine Level.

OBJECTIVES: Understanding patterns of parental tobacco use and their association with child exposure can help us target interventions more appropriately. We aimed to examine the association between parental smoking practices and cotinine levels of hospitalized children. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of data collected from parents of hospitalized children, recruited for a cessation intervention randomized controlled trial. Smoking parents were identified by using a medical record screening question. Parent-reported demographics and smoking habits were compared to child urine cotinine by using geometric means and log-transformed cotinine levels in multivariable linear regression analyses. RESULTS: A total of 213 patients had complete baseline parent-interview and urine cotinine data. The median age was 4 (interquartile range: 1–9); 57% were boys; 56% were white, 12% were Black, and 23% were multiracial; 36% identified as Hispanic. Most families (54%) had 1 smoker in the home; 36% had 2, and 9% had ≥3. Many (77%) reported having a ban on smoking in the home, and 86% reported smoking only outside. The geometric mean cotinine level of the cohort was 0.98 ng/mL. Higher cotinine levels were associated with more smokers in the home (ratio of 2.99) and smoking inside the house (ratio of 4.11). CONCLUSIONS: Having more smokers in the home and parents who smoke inside are associated with increased smoke exposure; however, even children whose families who smoke only outside the home have significant levels of cotinine, a marker for toxin exposure.
Biomolecular endotype factors involved in COVID-19 airway infectivity: A systematic review.

Abstract Objectives To review the current knowledge of biomolecular factors surrounding otorhinolaryngeal illnesses and analyze their presence in COVID-19 virulence. Emphasis was placed on cytokines and vitamin D for determining susceptibility of illness. Methods A primary literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar for articles published between January 1, 2002 to May 31, 2020, was performed without language restrictions from May 8, 2020 to May 31, 2020. A focused second search was conducted from October 31, 2020 to November 2, 2020 for articles published between January 1, 2002 to October 31, 2020. Eligible articles were selected after evaluation of titles, abstracts, and references. A total of 45 were included in this review. Results Differing endotype classification schemes are used to determine cytokines present in chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, and allergies. While immunologic responses and biomarkers are primary methods of differentiation, recent literature has also implicated geographic distribution of chronic rhinosinusitis patients in accounting for cytokine variations. The cytokines of interest (IL-4, IL-13, and INF-γ) present in the endotypes of these conditions may point towards protective mechanisms against COVID-19 through downregulation of the ACE2 receptor. These cytokines and Vitamin D highlight new areas of study for factors affecting SARS-CoV-2 virulence. Conclusions Further research is needed to understand the effects of Vitamin D and the various cytokines prevalent among endotypes of nasal/pharyngeal illnesses on COVID-19 pathogenesis. Findings may point towards epidemiologic trends of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and have future therapeutic indications.