cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experience Of Resident Presentations In Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Grand Rounds: Increase Value For Clinical Education.

Background Grand rounds is a formal meeting at which physicians and trainees discuss excellence in medical care. Residents should participate in scholarly activity per Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Consultation-Liaison (CL) psychiatry focuses on caring for patients presenting with psychiatric complications in general hospital. Post-residency subspecialty CL fellowship training plays a big role in creating future leaders in CL. Our program decided to conduct annual CL grand rounds fully allotted to discuss complex CL psychiatry cases in medical setting. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of resident's interest in pursuing CL fellowship. We compared the number of residents pursuing CL fellowship after the CL grand rounds to the previous years starting 2005 when CL was recognized as an ACGME approved subspecialty. We also compared our program residents pursuing CL psychiatry fellowship to national trend obtained from National Residency Matching Program (NRMP). Results From 2013 to 2018, CL grand rounds n=8, Number of residents graduated from 2013 to 2018 n=26. Number of residents pursued CL fellowship from 2013 to 2018 n=3 (11.5%) compared to no residents pursuing CL fellowship before 2013. Fisher's exact test to compare and examine the data from the residents pursuing CL fellowship after implementation of the CL grand rounds is 0.0668 (p value < 0.10). When combining all the available NRMP match results for CL from 2015 to 2019, a total of 531 positions were offered and 359 positions were filled (fill rate of 67.6%). In our program, after we implemented the annual CL grand rounds, 11.5% of the residents from 2013 to 2018 pursued CL fellowship, which is higher than the likely national average of 5.7%. Conclusion Our residency program grand rounds educational module appears to nurture and sustain interest in CL subspecialty compared to previous years. Prospective studies are required.
Complexity begets crosscutting, dooms hierarchy (another paper on natural kinds)

There is a perennial philosophical dream of a certain natural order for the natural kinds. The name of this dream is ‘the hierarchy requirement’ (or ‘assumption’ or ‘thesis’). According to this postulate, proper natural kinds form a taxonomy which is both unique (i.e., there is only one taxonomy of such natural kinds) and traditional (i.e., said taxonomy consists of nested relations between specific and then more general kinds, each kind occupying one and only one particular place within that framework of relations). Here I demonstrate that complex scientific objects exist: objects which generate different systems of scientific classification, produce myriad legitimate alternatives amongst the nonetheless still natural kinds, and make the hierarchical dream impossible to realize, except at absurdly great cost. Philosophical hopes for a certain order in nature cannot be fulfilled. Natural kinds crosscut one another, ubiquitously so, and this crosscutting spells the end of the hierarchical dream.
Imaging Cortical Dopamine Transmission in Cocaine Dependence: A [11C]FLB 457-Amphetamine Positron Emission Tomography Study.

Abstract Background Positron emission tomography studies have demonstrated less dopamine D2/3 receptor availability and blunted psychostimulant-induced dopamine release in cocaine-dependent subjects (CDSs). No studies in CDSs have reported the in vivo status of D2/3 and dopamine release in the cortex. Basic and functional imaging studies suggest a role for prefrontal cortical dopaminergic abnormalities in impaired executive function and relapse in cocaine dependence. We used [11C]FLB 457 positron emission tomography and amphetamine to measure cortical D2/3 receptors and dopamine release in CDSs. Methods [11C]FLB 457 and positron emission tomography were used to measure D2/3 receptor binding potential in cortical regions of interest in recently abstinent CDSs (n = 24) and healthy control subjects (n = 36) both before and after 0.5 mg kg−1 of oral d-amphetamine. Binding potential relative to nondisplaceable uptake (BPND) and binding potential relative to total plasma concentration (BPP) were derived using an arterial input function-based kinetic analysis. Cortical dopamine release in regions of interest was measured as the change in BPND and BPP after amphetamine. Results Baseline D2/3 receptor availability (BPP and BPND) and amphetamine-induced dopamine release (ΔBPND and ΔBPP) were significantly lower in the cortical regions in CDSs compared with healthy control subjects. Fewer D2/3 receptors and less dopamine release in CDSs were not associated with performance on working memory and attention tasks. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that deficits in dopamine D2/3 transmission involve the cortex in cocaine dependence. Further studies to understand the clinical relevance of these findings are warranted.
Dark matter Z′ and XENON1T excess from U(1)X extended standard model

Abstract A gauged U ( 1 ) X symmetry appended to the Standard Model (SM) is particularly well motivated since it can account for the light neutrino masses by the seesaw mechanism, explain the origin of baryon asymmetry of the universe via leptogenesis, and help implement successful cosmological inflation with the U ( 1 ) X breaking Higgs field as the inflaton. In this framework, we propose a light dark matter (DM) scenario in which the U ( 1 ) X gauge boson Z ′ behaves as a DM particle in the universe. We discuss how this scenario with Z ′ mass of a few keV and a U ( 1 ) X gauge coupling g X ≃ 10 − 16 can nicely fit the excess in the electronic recoil energy spectrum recently reported by the XENON1T collaboration. In order to reproduce the observed DM relic density in the presence of such a tiny gauge coupling, we propose an extension of the model to a two-component DM scenario. The Z ′ DM density can be comparable to the observed DM density by the freeze-in mechanism through the coupling of Z ′ boson to a partner Higgs-portal scalar DM with a large U ( 1 ) X charge.
Updating the Frame Problem for AI Research

The Frame Problem is the problem of how to design a machine to use information so as to behave competently, with respect to the kinds of tasks a genuinely intelligent agent can reliably, effectivel...
Calculating the initial energy density in heavy ion collisions by including the finite nuclear thickness

The initial energy density produced in heavy ion collisions can be estimated with the Bjorken energy density formula after choosing a proper formation time $\ensuremath{\tau}{}_{\mathrm{F}}$. However, the Bjorken formula breaks down at low energies because it neglects the finite nuclear thickness. Here we include both the finite time duration and finite longitudinal extension of the initial energy production. When $\ensuremath{\tau}{}_{\mathrm{F}}$ is not too much smaller than the crossing time of the two nuclei, our results are similar to those from a previous study that only considers the finite time duration. In particular, we find that at low energies the initial energy density has a much lower maximum value but evolves much longer than the Bjorken formula, while at large-enough $\ensuremath{\tau}{}_{\mathrm{F}}$ and/or high-enough energies our result approaches the Bjorken formula. We also find a qualitative difference in that our maximum energy density ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\mathrm{max}}$ at $\ensuremath{\tau}{}_{\mathrm{F}}=0$ is finite, while the Bjorken formula diverges as $1/\ensuremath{\tau}{}_{\mathrm{F}}$ and the previous result diverges as $ln(1/\ensuremath{\tau}{}_{\mathrm{F}})$ at low energies but as $1/\ensuremath{\tau}{}_{\mathrm{F}}$ at high energies. Furthermore, our solution of the energy density approximately satisfies a scaling relation. As a result, the $\ensuremath{\tau}{}_{\mathrm{F}}$ dependence of ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\mathrm{max}}$ determines the $A$ dependence, and the weaker $\ensuremath{\tau}{}_{\mathrm{F}}$ dependence of ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\mathrm{max}}$ in our results at low energies means a slower increase of ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\mathrm{max}}$ with $A$.
Ladies’ Choice: Prehistory and Sexual Selection in Au Bonheur des dames

Criticism of Au Bonheur des Dames has traditionally framed the novel’s Darwinian dynamics in terms of socioeconomic natural selection. We explore another facet of Darwinism in the novel: sexual sel...
G-Protein Peptidomimetics Stabilize GPCR Active State Conformations

Technologies stabilizing the active state of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent potential breakthroughs for interrogating G protein activation. Camelid nanobodies have been used as a 'one tool, one receptor' paradigm. However, the development of G protein peptidomimetics, as discussed in Mannes et al. represent the opportunity to develop generically activating probes for many GPCRs.
Comorbid anxiety and depression: Opposing effects on the electrocortical processing of negative imagery in a focal fear sample

Background Anxiety and depression are highly comorbid and share clinical characteristics, such as high levels of negative emotion. Attention toward negative stimuli in anxiety and depression has been studied primarily using negative pictures. Yet, negative mental imagery-that is, mental representations of imagined negative events or stimuli-might more closely mirror patient experience. Methods The current study presents the first examination of neural response to negative imagery in 57 adults (39 female) who all shared a common "focal fear" diagnosis (i.e., specific phobia or performance-only social anxiety disorder), but varied in levels of comorbid anxiety and depression. After listening to standardized descriptions of negative and neutral scenes, participants imagined these scenes as vividly as possible. Associations between categorical and continuous measures of depression, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and social anxiety disorder with electrocortical and subjective responses to negative imagery were assessed. Results Individuals who were more depressed showed reduced electrocortical processing of negative imagery, whereas those with GAD showed increased electrocortical processing of negative imagery-but only when controlling for depression. Furthermore, participants with higher levels of depression rated negative imagery as less negative and those with greater social anxiety symptoms rated negative imagery more negatively. Conclusions Depression and GAD are characterized by opposing electrocortical response to negative imagery; moreover, depression may suppress GAD-related increases in the electrocortical processing of negative imagery. Results highlight distinctions between different dimensions of distress-based psychopathology, and reveal the unique and complex contribution of comorbid depression to affective response in anxiety.
Changing the Care Environment for Acute Intoxication: Providing Intoxicated Adults With an Alternative to the Emergency Department and Jail

Objective: This study examines models of sobering centers throughout the United States and identifies best practices and barriers to providing care to acutely intoxicated adults. Method: A survey w...
Applying a Health-Risk Behavior Lens to Understand Individual Differences in COVID-19 Containment Behavior Among Young Adults

COVID-19 containment behaviors (CCBs) remain important methods for reducing contagion. Theoretical frameworks to understand engagement in health-risk behaviors among young people may help identify individuals with elevated risk for non-adherence to CCBs. We aimed to elucidate individual differences in CCBs by evaluating if CCBs fit into an established health-risk behavior framework. Using a cross-sectional sample of 1374 young adults, we examined CCBs? associations with personality antecedents to health-risk behaviors and to actual engagement in other health-risk behaviors. Results identified risk seeking, negative urgency, lack of premeditation, and extraversion as risk factors for less CCB adherence, while agreeableness and neuroticism were protective factors. Less CCB adherence was positively associated with binge drinking, more sexual partners, and risky driving, while negatively associated with purging and self-injury. Results suggest CCBs may be understood as a type of health-risk behavior and can contribute to the development of strategies for increasing public health guideline adherence.
CiteSeer: Past, Present, and Future

CiteSeer, a computer science digital library, has been a radical departure for scientific document access and analysis. With nearly 600,000 documents, it has over a million page views a day making it one of the most popular document access engines in computer and information science. CiteSeer is also portable, having been extended to ebusiness (eBizSearch) and more recently to academic business documents (SMEALSearch). CiteSeer is really based on two features: actively acquiring new documents and automatic tagging and linking of metadata information inherent in an academic document’s syntactic structure. We discuss methods for providing new tagged metadata and other data resources such as institutions and acknowledgements.
Coronary occlusion with myocardial infarction in a puerperal patient.

Abstract 1.1. A case is presented of a primigravida who suffered a coronary occlusion on the seventeenth postpartum day, and who recovered completely under medical therapy. 2.2. A review of the available literature shows this to be a very rare occurrence.
EVERY TEXT IS A PERFORMANCE: A PRE-HISTORY OF PERFORMANCE PHILOSOPHY

This article traces a genealogy of performance philosophy along two separate lines within the history of the twentieth-century academy. On the one hand, it locates within the long history of philosophically-informed studies of dramatic literature a partial model for the work of performance philosophy, one that applied philosophical scrutiny to dramatic texts without ever extending the same consideration to theatrical performance—in spite of the practical theatrical work of many of this movement’s leading academic proponents. On the other hand, it identifies in the poststructualist rethinking of textual authority an opening for the reconsideration of philosophical communication that returns performance to a place of philosophical potential that it has not securely held since before Plato’s dialogues. It is argued that the intersection of these two trend lines in academic thought should be regarded as constituting an important intellectual genesis point for the emergence of performance philosophy and a useful means of approaching the purposes and boundary points of the field.
How Does Ignoring Worker Class Affect Measuring the Jobs–Housing Balance?: Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis

The theoretical minimum commute is a well-studied measure of the jobs-housing balance that summarizes the relative proximity of workers to workplaces for a given urban region. It is often used in a comparative context to determine changes in aggregate spatial structure and transport behavior over time and space. In the literature, a basic question remains: What are the measurement impacts of assuming worker interchangeability and therefore ignoring socioeconomic status in computing theoretical minimum commutes? This paper presents an exploratory spatial data analysis of this disaggregation issue. A modeling framework that synthesizes disaggregate socioeconomic data for a metropolitan area is designed. These synthesized data are then analyzed to gain a sense of the error potential in the theoretical minimum commute calculation when worker class is ignored. The results show that ignoring worker class can substantially affect estimates of the jobs-housing balance.
Two unusual penetrating injuries from playing ice hockey.

In late October and early November 1998, physicians in St. John's were confronted by 2 hockey-related injuries, each involving the blade of a skate. The disastrous outcome of one injury and the near disastrous outcome of the other raise several questions: Is any game worth these types of
The computation of Weyl-Heisenberg coefficients for critically sampled and oversampled signals

We present algorithms and implementations for Weyl-Heisenberg (W-H) coefficient computation of critically sampled and oversampled periodic discrete signals. In the oversampled case, both integer oversampling and fractional oversampling are investigated. Implementation results on single RISC processor of i860 and the Paragon parallel multiprocessor system are given for sampling sizes both of powers of two and mixed sizes with factors 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. The algorithms described in this paper possess highly parallel structure, and are especially suitable in a distributed memory parallel processing environment. The timing results on single i860 processor and on 4- and 8-node computing systems show that real-time computation of W-H expansions is realizable. >
Incidence and risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in 4 multidisciplinary intensive care units in Athens, Greece

INTRODUCTION: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common nosocomial infection among intensive care unit (ICU) patients. OBJECTIVE: Prospectively identify the factors associated with development of VAP and examine the incidence of VAP. SUBJECTS: Over a 6-month period we had 175 patients who required mechanical ventilation for longer than 24 hours. RESULTS: VAP occurred in 56 patients (32%). Stepwise logistic regression analysis identified 5 factors independently associated with VAP (p CONCLUSIONS: VAP is a common infection and certain interventions might affect the incidence of VAP. ICU clinicians should be aware of the risk factors for VAP, which could prove useful in identifying patients at high risk for VAP and modifying patient care to minimize the risk of VAP, such as avoiding unnecessary bronchoscopy or modulating enteral feeding.
Thermal/residual stress in an electron beam physical vapor deposited thermal barrier coating system

Abstract Elastic–plastic finite element models are used to define the thermal/residual stress state responsible for the observed failure behavior of an electron beam physical vapor deposited yttria stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coating on a Pt–Al bond coat. The failures were observed to start at grain boundary ridges, some of which evolved into oxide filled cavities. Finite element models are made of the actual interface geometries through the use of metallographic sectioning and image processing. There is a one to one correspondence of calculated tension in the oxide layer and the observed localized damage. Purely elastic analysis failed to show some important tensile regions associated with the observed failure.
‘Me Tarzan, you Jane!’ Adequacy, expressiveness, and the creole speaker

Although linguists like to claim that all human languages are equal in a general sense, differing from systems of animal communication in possessing ‘design features’ like arbitrariness and productivity (Hockett, 1958), they sometimes join non-linguists in expressing the view that some languages are inadequate with respect to the cognitive or expressive resources which they offer their speakers. In the Middle Ages, this charge was commonly levelled against the European vernaculars, and it was sometime before Spanish and Italian were recognized as having autonomous grammatical and lexical resources comparable in regularity and power to classical Greek and Latin (Scaglione, 1984). By the middle of the twentieth century, following on the descriptive work of Boas, Sapir and others, the notion that the languages of ‘primitive’ peoples were fundamentally inadequate had also been eroded, at least in linguistics, anthropology, and other academic circles (Kay & Kempton, 1984:65). Yet, as Hall (1966:106) notes, there is still one group of languages which constitutes the ‘last refuge’ of the concept of inadequate grammatical or lexical resources: pidgins and creoles.
Markov population processes as models of primate social and population dynamics

Abstract Thanks to recently developed theory of Markov population processes, models of how an individual primate migrates from one casual social group to another or from one breeding troop to another can now deal exactly with transition rates which depend nonlinearly on the sizes of both the group (or troop) left and the group (or troop) entered. Examples of such models presented here are consistent with existing observations of primate social and population dynamics and are more plausible as explanations of these data than previous linear models.
Relationship of NEO-PI to personality styles and severity of trauma in chronic PTSD victims*

The relationship of the NEO-PI to personality disorders was evaluated in a clinical population. Eighty subjects with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were given this measure, along with the MCMI-II and PTSD and combat scales. Two questions were addressed: (1) What is the relationship of NEO-PI domains and facets to personality disorders?; and (2) What is this scale's relationship to PTSD problems? Results support previous studies that employed a clinical population, but with lower correlation coefficients. For the most part, then, the NEO-PI domains and facets correlated in expected ways with the MCMI-II. On PTSD measures, N accounted for the majority of the variance, but other domains were entered when independent regression equations were calculated to account for different personality disorders.
Developments in seismic structural analysis and design

Abstract After a brief overview of the world-wide state-of-practice in seismic design, nonlinear structural response spectra for strength, ductility and number of yield reversals as a function of building period and structure strength for several strong motion earthquakes are presented. Illustrations of three-dimensional mesh surfaces for the absolute seismic energy input and the dissipated hysteresis energy for selected earthquakes are given. These results are compared with conventionally evaluated elastic response spectra and code criteria. The issues of overstrength factors in the Mexico City code are then examined. The remainder of the paper is devoted to the description of a simple frictional energy dissipating connection. Its behaviour in cyclic tests and in shake table tests of a three-storey braced steel structure is illustrated.
Mode-locked CW dye lasers

Mode-locking of CW dye lasers are described. Three different methods: active mode-locking by acoustic loss modulation, pumping with mode-locked pulses and passive mode-locking by a saturable absorber, all resulted in stable continuous trains of tunable mode-locked pulses of various duration. Best results were obtained using passive mode-locking by a saturable absorber. The pulse lengths for this case were measured by auto-correlation technique to be as short as 1.5 ps. Factors influencing the mode-locking and possible improvements are discussed.
Petrov-Galerkin finite element solution for the first passage probability and moments of first passage time of the randomly accelerated free particle

Abstract A numerical solution to an initial boundary value problem governing the probability of failure of a randomly accelerated free particle is obtained using a Petrov-Galerkin finite element method. This direct solution is the first successful one, and no others have been reported in the literature. A solution of the Pontriagin-Vitt equation for the time to first passage of the particle is obtained first: in this case an analytical solution is available and used to evaluate the numerical algorithm. Extensions to the solution of other stochastic differential equations, in particular those governing the probability of failure of the linear oscillator, and applications to structural dynamics are discussed.
On InterFerence Channel with Generalized Feedback (IFC-GF)

This work studies cooperative communication strategies for Interference Channels with Generalized Feedback (IFC-GF). IFC-GF models wireless peer-to-peer networks where several source-destination pairs share the same channel and, because of the broadcast nature of the wireless channel, each transmission can be overheard by the other users. In this model, the interference due to simultaneous communications furnishes the basis for cooperation among otherwise uncoordinated users. For the case of two source-destination pairs, we propose a coding strategy that combines the ideas of (i) information splitting (introduced by Han and Kobayashi for IFC without feedback), (ii) block Markov superposition coding (introduced by Cover and Leung for multiaccess channels with perfect feedback), and (iii) backward decoding (introduced by Willems in the context of multiaccess channels with cribbing encoders). We show that by exploiting the overheard information with the proposed scheme, users achieves collectively higher data rates than the case where the overheard information is neglected. We conclude by showing how our model reduces to well studied multiuser channels.
Natural gas for generation: a solution or a problem?

Natural gas is an essential energy source that has many applications, including heating homes and businesses, powering industrial and agricultural production, and, most recently, generating a substantial amount of electricity needs. Thus, natural gas plays a vital role in achieving the nation's economic and environmental goals. The high price and high volatility of natural gas has been a great concern for those expecting to profit from gas-fired generation units in the competitive electricity markets. Among the reasons for the emergence of gas-fired generation capacity are the high efficiency and environmental friendliness of gas-fired units and presumed low gas prices. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using natural gas for generating electricity. The bottom line is that natural gas cannot be a long-term fuel choice for generating electricity. Fuel diversification and devotion should be a common understanding among industry, government, academics, and the general public.
Nickel-chromium interface resolution in Auger depth profiles

Abstract Auger depth resolutions for fine-grained crystalline Ni/Cr multilayers have been determined. Resolution is shown to be a function of ion species, ion energy, ion incident angle, and the presence of reactive species. Deterioration of interface resolution with depth is shown to be the result of cumulative surface roughness induced by the ion beam to an extent proportional to the ion velocity normal to the surface. The presence of a reactive species to create an amorphous surface layer is shown to inhibit the development of surface roughness. The best resolution was obtained using low energy Xe ions and large ion beam angles. The ultimate resolution is limited by the fabrication perfection of the standard, and not by the sputtering process or by the Auger mean free path length.
Statin treatment for patients with heart failure

Statins may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of heart failure, as indicated by large observational studies, small prospective studies, and post hoc analyses of cardiovascular databases. Two large, prospective, controlled trials have, however, shown that rosuvastatin has neutral effects on the survival of patients with chronic heart failure. The benefits of statin treatment seem to mostly result from their ability to halt disease progression in heart failure, particularly in patients with coronary artery disease. Based on these results, statin treatment might only be useful for the prevention of heart failure, and possibly in patients with new-onset heart failure. This Review highlights data from observational data analyses as well as from the large prospective trials investigating the safety and efficacy of statins in patients with heart failure. The results from these studies and their implications for the timing of initiating statin therapy in this patient population are also discussed.
Individual differences associated with high-risk sexual behaviour: Implications for intervention programmes

Abstract Simpson & Gangestad's (1991) sociosexual orientation inventory measures people's willingness to engage in uncommitted sexual relations. People with unrestricted sociosexual orientations report more casual sex encounters, and multiple and concurrent sexual partners, factors known to increase the risk for exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study investigated the relationship of sociosexuality to an ‘impulsive’ personality profile characterized by impulsivity in decision-making, general risk-taking tendencies, and greater responsiveness to situational cues. It was found that an unrestricted sociosexual orientation was associated with greater impulsivity in decisionmaking on Tellegen's (1982) multidimensional personality questionnaire (MPQ) Control subscale, greater risk-taking tendencies on Tellegen's (1982) MPQ Harm-Avoidance subscale, and a greater responsiveness to situational cues as measured on Snyder's (1974) self-monitoring scale. Although unrestricted individuals had more k...
Performance Report for Stanford/SLAC Multi-Channel Sample-and-Hold Device

Test results on a newly developed Multi-Channel Sample- And-Hold Calorimeter Data Unit (CDU) are presented. The device is organized as 32 input channels, each consisting of four storage cells to take samples of the 32 analog signals at four separate times. The design goals for the development were wide dynamic range and long hold times. Therefore, each storage cell is laid out in a fully differential way and consists of a sampling stage for the signal and another identical stage for a reference voltage. Results on the performance of the device are described.
Accounting for regional variance heterogeneity of growth

This article explores heterogeneous behaviour in the conditional variance of growth. We find that regional effects account for a good part of this behaviour when modelled alone; however, regional effects themselves have no particular meaning. To this end, we try to empirically account for the regional effects using a large set of economic, political and demographic variables. Our results indicate that countries with past high levels of both investment and inflation cause growth to be less volatile today. Countries that have a greater number of changes in heads of government tend to experience lower growth volatility except in parliamentary democracies where the relationship reverses. The greater the number of effective parties the lower the volatility for all regime types. More strikes have no effect on volatility except for presidential democracies where volatility actually increases, while more open economies that share presidential and legislative powers also have more volatile growth rates.
Characterization of Carrot Cell Wall Protein : I. EFFECT OF α, α′-DIPYRIDYL ON CELL WALL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND SECRETION IN INCUBATED CARROT DISCS

A single glycoprotein accounts for the majority of radioactivity secreted to the cell wall when incubated carrot (Daucus carota) discs are labeled with radioactive proline or arabinose. The ferrous chelator α,α′-dipyridyl prevents the synthesis of this protein. A new proline-labeled protein is made in the presence of α,α′-dipyridyl and is secreted to the cell wall. The protein has little, if any, carbohydrate attached to it and has a molecular weight of 55,000 daltons. This protein appears to be the nonhydroxylated, nonglycosylated form of the major cell wall glycoprotein. α,α′-Dipyridyl does not prevent proline label from becoming tightly (presumably covalently) bound to the cell wall, providing further evidence that hydroxylation and arabinosylation are not required for the covalent attachment of proteins to the cell wall. Messenger RNA extracted from incubated carrot discs produces a product which electrophoreses similarly to the protein made in the presence of α,α′-dipyridyl. The possible use of the carrot disc system to study gene structure and regulation is discussed.
T and B cell hyperactivity and autoimmunity associated with niche-specific defects in apoptotic body clearance in TIM-4-deficient mice.

TIM-4, a member of the TIM family expressed on antigen-presenting cells, binds to phosphatidylserine exposed on the surface of apoptotic bodies. However, the significance of this interaction in vivo remains unknown because other receptors have been implicated in the clearance of apoptotic bodies and could compensate for the TIM-4 deficiency in vivo. In this study, we describe the generation of TIM-4-deficient mice and address whether TIM-4 serves a unique function in vivo. We show that TIM-4−/− peritoneal macrophages and B-1 cells do not efficiently engulf apoptotic bodies in vitro, or clear apoptotic bodies in vivo. TIM-4-deficient mice have hyperactive T and B cells, elevated levels of serum Ig, and develop antibodies to double-stranded DNA. Taken together, we show that TIM-4 is critical for the clearance of apoptotic bodies in vivo, and that lack of TIM-4 results in aberrant persistence of apoptotic bodies leading to dysregulated lymphocyte activation and signs of systemic autoimmunity.
Para-halogenated phenethylamines: similar serotonergic effects in rats by different mechanisms.

The serotonin (5-HT) behavioral syndrome in rats served as a model to test for possible acute serotonergic effects of para-halogenated phenethylamines. p-Chloro-, p-chloro-beta-methyl-, p-fluoro-, p-bromo-, and p-iodophenethylamine produced the same 5-HT behavioral syndrome as did p-chloroamphetamine, but unlike the latter did not deplete brain 5-HT 3 days after injection. Pretreatment of rats with the 5-HT depletor p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA)( prevented the serotonergic effects of both chloro-derivatives, and partially prevented the effects of bromo- and iodophenethylamine. 5-hydroxytryptophan restored the behavioral responses to these compounds in pCPA-pretreated rats. pCPA treatment did not prevent the behavioral effects of p-fluorophenethylamine. Similarly, zimelidine, a 5-HT uptake inhibitor, prevented the serotonergic behavioral effects of all compounds tested except p-fluorophenethylamine. Taken as a group, para-halogenated phenethylamines are short-acting serotonergic compounds which, unlike p-chloroamphetamine, do not produce long-lasting depletion of brain 5-HT. p-Chlorophenethylamine and its beta-methyl analog apparently activate central 5-HT receptors indirectly, i.e., by 5-HT release; p-fluorophenethylamine is a direct 5-HT agonist. The p-bromo- and p-iodo-derivatives apparently possess both properties.
Antiepileptic drug treatment in the developmentally disabled: treatment considerations with the newer antiepileptic drugs.

Abstract Epilepsy is a common comorbidity among developmentally disabled (DD) patients, and special considerations apply to its treatment. In particular, clinicians should try to avoid antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) with sedating properties or adverse cognitive effects that might further diminish quality of life for DD patients. Behavioral changes due to medication and significant pharmacokinetic interactions with other medications are also concerns. The newer AEDs, approved in the 1990s, offer new options for the treatment of individuals with developmental disability and epilepsy. Gabapentin does not interact with the hepatic metabolism of other AEDs or psychotropic agents, results in a statistically significant reduction in seizure frequency in mentally retarded children, and is generally well tolerated. Felbamate is an effective broad-spectrum AED, but has serious toxicity issues limiting its use. Lamotrigine has been extensively studied in the DD population, achieving seizure reduction rates of up to 50% in some trials. Although it is usually well tolerated in this population, its pharmacokinetic profile is influenced by concomitant medications. Levetiracetam has been found to be effective against kindled seizures and has been approved as adjunctive therapy for partial epilepsies. It does not cause any pharmacokinetic interactions, but may have behavioral side effects. Oxcarbazepine is a homologue of carbamazepine that has fewer drug interactions. It is approved for mono- or adjunctive therapy in patients with partial seizures, and its use in DD individuals appears to be worthwhile. Tiagabine is extensively bound to plasma proteins and is therefore subject to protein-binding displacement interactions by other highly protein-bound drugs, such as sodium valproate. While there are trial data showing its efficacy as adjunctive therapy in partial epilepsy in adults and children, there is a paucity of data specific to the DD population. Common side effects include sedation. Topiramate is a broad-spectrum AED approved as adjunctive therapy for partial and primary generalized tonic–clonic seizures. It appears to be particularly effective in patients with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome and those with cognitive disabilities. It appears to be better tolerated in the DD population than in the general population. Zonisamide has been effective in the DD population, yielding a seizure reduction of 50% in 41% of children in 1 trial. It has been associated with renal stone formation, sedation, and cognitive effects, however. The new AEDs have a role in treating seizures in the DD. Side effects that limit their use include anorexia, behavioral changes, and sedation. Seizure exacerbation can occur with the new AEDs and success is defined empirically and by improvements in quality of life.
Iterative learning of single individual haplotypes from high-throughput DNA sequencing data

In recent years, advancements in high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies enabled heretofore impractical studies of genetic variations. Cells of diploid organisms, including humans, have a number of chromosome pairs that are homologous — they encode essentially the same genetic information and are almost identical but vary in certain location. These variations are referred to as single nucleotide polymorphisms. The complete information about genetic variations in an individual genome is given by haplotypes, ordered sequences of single nucleotide polymorphisms for each homologous pair of chromosomes. In this paper, we derive a graphical formulation of the haplotype assembly problem, propose an iterative scheme for single individual haplotyping, and demonstrate the performance of the algorithm on experimental data. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has better accuracy than state-of-the-art haplotype assembly techniques.
Theoretical study of the surface modification of indium tin oxide with trifluorophenyl phosphonic acid molecules: impact of coverage density and binding geometry

The interface composed of 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl phosphonic acid (PA) molecules chemisorbed on the indium-tin oxide (ITO) surface was studied at the density functional theory level. The impact of coverage density and binding geometry of the PA molecules on the ITO surface characteristics has been investigated systematically by increasing the PA surface coverage density from one to four PA molecules per surface unit cell. The calculations point to several bonding schemes where the phosphonate (PO3) moieties are directly bonded to the surface In/Sn atoms and/or form hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups present on the ITO surface. Both PA coverage density and binding geometry strongly influence the work-function modifications of the ITO surface upon chemisorption. The oxygen core-level binding energy shifts have been calculated and compare favorably with the experimental X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data. Substantial depolarization effects are observed within the PA monolayer at high coverage densities.
THE GROWTH AND SINGLE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A HIGH PRESSURE PHASE OF MOLYBDENUM TRIOXIDE : MOO3-II

Abstract Single crystals of a new high pressure modification of molybdenum trioxide, MoO3-II, were grown in a tetrahedral anvil apparatus at elevated temperature. The structure of MoO3-II is monoclinic, P2 1 m , with unit cell parameters: a = 3.954(1) A, b = 3.687(2) A, c = 7.095(4) A, and β = 103.75(4)°. MoO3-II (4.75 g/cm3) is metastable at ambient pressure and converts to less dense orthorhombic α-MoO3 (4.71 g/cc) rapidly at temperatures above ∼200°C. Like the α-MoO3 structure, the structure of MoO3-II is layered. In fact, the individual MoO 3 3 O 2 2 O 1 1 layers of the two phases are virtually identical. However, the stacking sequence of the layers of MoO3-II (aaa) differs from that of α-MoO3 (aba). This is equated with an improved packing efficiency for the layers of MoO3-II versus those of α-MoO3.
Multiridgelets for texture analysis

The directional wavelet used in image processing has orientation selectivity and can provide a sparse representation of edges in natural images. Multiwavelets offer the possibility of better performance in image processing applications as compared to the scalar wavelet. Applying directionality to multiwavelets may thus gain both advantages. This paper proposes a scheme, named multiridgelets, which is an extension of ridgelets. We consider the application of the balanced multiwavelet transform to the Radon transform of an image. Specifically, we consider its use in the image texture analysis. The regular polar angle method is employed to realize the discrete transform. Three statistical features: standard deviation, median and entropy are computed based on multiridgelet coefficients. Classification of the mura defects of the LCD screen is tested to quantify the performance of the proposed texture analysis methods. 240 normal images and 240 simulated defective images are supplied to train a support vector machine classifier, and another set of 40 normal and 40 defective images for testing. A comparative study was made with the results obtained using 2D wavelet, scalar ridgelet, and curvelet methods. We conclude that multiridgelet method was comparable to or better than curvelet method and gave significantly better performance than 2D wavelet and scalar ridgelet methods.
Challenges and Future Directions in the Prevention and Management of Prostate Cancer

The first annual multidisciplinary Prostate Cancer Symposium (Orlando, FL, February 17-19, 2005) was a remarkable meeting that brought together 1,035 individuals interested in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. This meeting, sponsored jointly by the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, the Society of Urologic Oncology, and the Prostate Cancer Foundation, was the culmination of several years of planning, and represented the first truly multidisciplinary scientific and educational meeting dedicated solely to prostate cancer.
A comparison of users' perceptions of and willingness to use Google, Facebook, and Google+ single-sign-on functionality

Identity providers such as Google and Facebook are increasingly used to sign in to third-party services like Flickr and USA Today. For users, this can increase convenience (e.g., fewer passwords to remember) and security (e.g., service providers need not keep passwords). At the same time, relying on identity providers that have rich information about users (e.g., all information in a Facebook profile) creates the risk that users will lose oversight or control over the access that service providers are given to this information. To address such concerns, identity providers show users consent interfaces at sign on and provide audit tools for post hoc review.In this paper we report on a 424-participant on-line study through which we seek to understand the effectiveness of these interfaces: We induced participants to log in with one of three identity providers, and measured their awareness of the information that was being sent by identity providers to service providers, their awareness of identity providers' audit tools, and their sentiment about various aspects of single sign-on. Participants logged in under one of two treatments: a basic treatment, which requested a minimum of personal data; and an invasive treatment, which requested data that most people would find invasive to their privacy. We found that participants' understanding of the information identity providers shared with service providers was based on preconception rather than the content of informational dialogs displayed by the identity providers; and that they were almost uniformly unaware of audit tools offered by identity providers. At the same time, many participants exhibited strong preferences and concerns about data sharing, several of which did not match current data-sharing practices.
Baboon livers and the human good.

The prospects for successfully transplanting a baboon liver into a human being have been raised by the well-publicized recent case in which, under the direction of Thomas E. Starzl, MD, a baboon liver was transplanted into a 35-year-old man who died 71 days later after a stroke. It was thought that the patient's hepatitis, which would attack any human liver, would be unable to attack a baboon liver. Starzl's planned future transplants will clarify this point (New York Times.September 9,1992:A9). I only raise an underlying moral question: is a human life more important than the life of any nonhuman animal? The case presents a pointed opportunity for debate between those who would save a human life at the sacrifice of a baboon, and those who find such salvation morally disgraceful. If it turns out that the use of baboon livers is scientifically feasible, and setting aside questions of just
Made in China: Cancer Villages

High incidences of cancer have been reported for villages almost all over China and become an inescapable reality in polluted rural areas [16]. A new phenomenon has appeared in China: Aizheng Cun, ...
Effects of a series of substituted benzamides on rat prolactin secretion and 3H-spiperone binding to bovine anterior pituitary membranes

Abstract The potency of seven substituted benzamine drugs (AHR-5531B, AHR-5645B, AHR-6092, AHR-8764, bromopride, sultopride and tiapride) to stimulate rat prolactin (PRL) secretion in vivo was found to be three orders of magnitude greater than that of non-benzamide neuroleptic drugs relative to their respective abilities to inhibit 3H-spiperone binding to bovine anterior pituitary membranes. Nevertheless, the IC50 values for the inhibition of 3H-spiperone binding by the seven substituted benzamide drugs was significantly correlated with their high potency to stimulate rat PRL secretion in vivo . Further, the slope of the regression line for these substituted benzamides paralleled that of a series of butyrophenone, phenothiazine, morphanthridine and dibenzodiazepine neuroleptic drugs. Two benzamide (sulpiride and metoclopramide) and three non-benzamide neuroleptic drugs gave intermediate results. This data suggests that blockade of different subgroups of dopamine receptors in the anterior pituitary gland labeled by 3H-spiperone may be responsible for the in vivo stimulation of PRL secretion by the benzamide and non-benzamide neuroleptioc drugs.
G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) Expression in Normal and Abnormal Endometrium

Rapid estrogen effects are mediated by membrane receptors, and evidence suggests a role for both a membrane-associated form of estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1; ERα) and G-protein coupled receptor 30 (GPER; GPR30). Considering estrogen's importance in endometrial physiology and endometriosis pathophysiology, we hypothesized that GPER could be involved in both cyclic changes in endometrial estrogen action and that aberrant expression might be seen in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis. Using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analysis of normal endometrium, endometrial samples demonstrated cycle-regulated expression of GPER, with maximal expression in the proliferative phase. Eutopic and ectopic endometrium from women with endometriosis overexpressed GPER as compared to eutopic endometrium of normal participants. Ishikawa cells, an adenocarcinoma cell line, expressed GPER, with increased expression upon treatment with estrogen or an ESR1 agonist, but not with a GPER-specific agonist. Decreased expression was seen in Ishikawa cells stably transfected with progesterone receptor A. Together, these data suggest that normal endometrial GPER expression is cyclic and regulated by nuclear estrogen and progesterone receptors, while expression is dysregulated in endometriosis.