cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Cytoplasmic Region of Mouse FcγRIIb1, but Not FcγRIIb2, Binds Phospholipid Membranes†

The cytoplasmic regions of the mouse low-affinity FcγRII isoforms, FcγRIIb1 and FcγRIIb2, play key roles in signal transduction by mediating different cellular functions. The FcγRIIb1 (94 residues) and FcγRIIb2 (47 residues) cytoplasmic regions are generated by differential mRNA splicing in which a single aspartic acid residue in FcγRIIb2 is replaced by a 48-residue insert in FcγRIIb1. In previous work, quantities of the mFcγRIIb1 and mFcγRIIb2 cytoplasmic regions were generated, and their secondary structures were examined in different solutions with circular dichroism [Chen, L., Thompson, N. L., and Pielak, G. J. (1997) Protein Sci. 6, 1038−1046]. In the work described here, steady-state light scattering was used to investigate possible interactions of the two isolated cytoplasmic regions with phospholipid vesicles. Three phospholipid compositions were examined: phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylcholine (PS/PC) (25/75, mol/mol); phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate/phosphatidylcholine (PIP2/PC) (25/75, mol/m...
John Horgan and “The Death of Proof?”

In 1993 John Horgan, a staff writer for Scientific American, published an article called The Death of Proof? [HOR1]. In this piece the author claimed that mathematical proof no longer had a valid role in modern thinking. There were several components of his argument, and they are well worth considering here.
The Anthropocene as Process: Why We Should View the State of the World through a Deep Historical Lens

The geological community and the Anthropocene Working Group (AWG) are moving ever closer to formalizing a new geologic epoch, the Anthropocene. First proposed to raise awareness for planetary stewardship, the Anthropocene will likely be defined, according to the AWG, based on patterns of near-synchronous anthropogenic change that place its boundary marker in the mid-twentieth century during the Great Acceleration. While a number of anthropologists, archaeologists, sociologists, and other social scientists have argued against such a designation, the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) mandates the process and criteria for evaluating potential formal units of the geological timescale; and, the Anthropocene, with a recent boundary maker, likely will be ratified by the Executive Committee of the Internal Union of Geological Sciences. In light of this, I review biotic, atmospheric, and stratigraphic evidence offered by the AWG for a mid-twentieth century Anthropocene and demonstrate how failing to consider deeper historical processes may result in resource management policies and environmental science actions that exacerbate, rather than alleviate, future anthropogenic impacts.
Resilient Synchronization of Radio Networks of Clocks: A Pursuit-Evasion Graphical Game Approach

This paper provides an analytical framework to investigate judicious topology reweighting of radio networks of clocks, when distributed time transfer and synchronization are based on physical layers and subject to the presence of false timing signals. Protagonist clocks exchange timing information pairwise, which is modeled as clocks tending to follow the majority of their neighbors. Antagonist clocks inject false timing signals, thereby, influencing the timing synchronization of (some of) the other protagonist clocks they meet. A class of pursuit-evasion graphical games subject to complete state observations and exploitation of phase noise disturbances, is proposed in designing clock steering protocols for resilient time metrologies that will be immune to erroneous timing signals injected into remote time dissemination networks.
Cutibacterium acnes persists despite topical clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide

Background Cutibacterium (formerly Propionibacterium) acnes persists in the dermis despite standard skin antiseptic agents, prompting some surgeons to use topical antimicrobials such as benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin prior to shoulder arthroplasty surgery. However, the efficacy of these topical agents has not been established. Methods The upper backs of 12 volunteers were randomized into 4 treatment quadrants: topical benzoyl peroxide, topical clindamycin, combination topical benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin, and a negative control. The corresponding topical agents were applied to each site twice daily for 3 days. A 3-mm dermal punch biopsy specimen was obtained from each site and cultured for 14 days to assess for C acnes growth. Positive cultures were assessed for the hemolytic phenotype. The McNemar test was used to compare the proportion of positive cultures in each group. Results C acnes grew in 4 of 12 control sites (33.3%), 1 of 12 benzoyl peroxide sites (8.3%), 2 of 12 clindamycin sites (16.7%), and 2 of 12 combination benzoyl peroxide–clindamycin sites (16.7%). The C acnes hemolytic phenotype was present in 2 of 12 control specimens (16.7%) compared with 0 (0.0%) in the benzoyl peroxide group, 2 of 12 (16.7%) in the clindamycin group, and 2 of 12 (16.7%) in the combination benzoyl peroxide–clindamycin group. There were no statistically significant differences between treatment arms. Conclusion The topical application of benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin did not eradicate C acnes in all subjects. The clinical implications of these findings are yet to be determined.
The influence of assimilating leaf area index in a land surface model on global water fluxes and storages

Abstract. Vegetation plays a fundamental role not only in the energy and carbon cycles but also in the global water balance by controlling surface evapotranspiration (ET). Thus, accurately estimating vegetation-related variables has the potential to improve our understanding and estimation of the dynamic interactions between the water, energy, and carbon cycles. This study aims to assess the extent to which a land surface model (LSM) can be optimized through the assimilation of leaf area index (LAI) observations at the global scale. Two observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) are performed to evaluate the efficiency of assimilating LAI into an LSM through an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to estimate LAI, ET, canopy-interception evaporation (CIE), canopy water storage (CWS), surface soil moisture (SSM), and terrestrial water storage (TWS). Results show that the LAI data assimilation framework not only effectively reduces errors in LAI model simulations but also improves all the modeled water flux and storage variables considered in this study (ET, CIE, CWS, SSM, and TWS), even when the forcing precipitation is strongly positively biased (extremely wet conditions). However, it tends to worsen some of the modeled water-related variables (SSM and TWS) when the forcing precipitation is affected by a dry bias. This is attributed to the fact that the amount of water in the LSM is conservative, and the LAI assimilation introduces more vegetation, which requires more water than what is available within the soil.
Coil embolization of an aberrant posterior tibial artery pseudoaneurysm after total knee arthroplasty

Abstract Arterial injury is a recognized but rare complication of total knee arthroplasty. These injuries, however, can be exceptionally devastating and potentially result in limb loss. Presentation may be delayed with symptoms associated with mass effect rather than with ischemia. We describe treatment of a patient with presentation delayed 2 weeks. In addition, the patient's arterial branch pattern demonstrated aberrant anatomy with high takeoff of the posterior tibial artery. This patient was successfully treated with transcatheter coil embolization. The current treatment options and published literature are reviewed.
Cannabis Trademarks and the First Amendment

A review of Supreme Court trademark litigation interpreting the First Amendment as well as recent trademark litigation at the state and federal levels. The prohibition on immoral trademarks has been steadily eroding as a result of First Amendment litigation at the United States Supreme Court. In light of recent Supreme Court decisions on trademark registrations and free speech, the question then becomes: Is the ban on cannabis trademark registrations justifiable in light of the First Amendment in view of these recent cases? The issue of whether the United States Patent & Trademark Office (USPTO) should or will issue registrations in light of this recent line of cases is discussed.
SUMOylation Prevents Huntingtin Fibrillization and Localization onto Lipid Membranes

Huntington's disease (HD), a genetic neurodegenerative disease, is caused by an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) domain in the first exon of the huntingtin protein (htt). PolyQ expansion destabilizes protein structure, resulting in aggregation into a variety of oligomers, protofibrils, and fibrils. Beyond the polyQ domain, adjacent protein sequences influence the aggregation process. Specifically, the first 17 N-terminal amino acids (Nt17) directly preceding the polyQ domain promote the formation of α-helix-rich oligomers that represent intermediate species associated with fibrillization. Due to its propensity to form an amphipathic α-helix, Nt17 also facilitates lipid binding. Three lysine residues (K6, K9, and K15) within Nt17 can be SUMOylated, which modifies htt's accumulation and toxicity within cells in a variety of HD models. The impact of SUMOylation on htt aggregation and direct interaction with lipid membranes was investigated. SUMOylation of htt-exon1 inhibited fibril formation while promoting larger, amorphous aggregate species. These amorphous aggregates were SDS soluble but nonetheless exhibited levels of β-sheet structure similar to that of htt-exon1 fibrils. In addition, SUMOylation prevented htt binding, aggregation, and accumulation on model lipid bilayers comprised of total brain lipid extract. Collectively, these observations demonstrate that SUMOylation promotes a distinct htt aggregation pathway that may affect htt toxicity.
Shared Leadership for Learning in Denver’s Portfolio Management Model:

Purpose: This study examines how district governance and different school contexts in Denver’s portfolio management model affect shared leadership for learning. We define this as shared influence o...
The Renin–Angiotensin System

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a master regulator of blood pressure and fluid homeostasis. This system is a multi-enzymatic cascade in which angiotensinogen, the major substrate, is processed in a two-step reaction by renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), resulting in the sequential generation of angiotensins I and II. In recent years, several new enzymes, peptides, and receptors in this system have been identified, manifesting a complexity that was previously unappreciated. Although appropriate activation of the RAS is vital for preventing circulatory collapse and maintaining intravascular fluid balance, dysregulation and/or persistent RAS activation can lead to inappropriate blood pressure elevation, target organ damage, and even reduced survival. Accordingly, pharmacological agents that inhibit the synthesis or activity of angiotensin II are effective and widely used anti-hypertensive agents that can ameliorate morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular diseases including congestive heart failure and slow the progression of a wide range of progressive kidney diseases including diabetic nephropathy. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), which block type 1 (AT1) receptors, are similarly effective for treating these disorders. Below, we provide a comprehensive overview of the physiology of the RAS with an emphasis on actions impacting the kidney.
Observability of a sharp Majorana transition in a few-body model

We propose experimentally observable signatures of topological Majorana quasiparticles in the few-body limit of the interacting cold-atom model of Iemini et al. [F. Iemini, L. Mazza, L. Fallani, P. Zoller, R. Fazio, and M. Dalmonte, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 200404 (2017)]. In this limit, the total on-site density and single-body correlations change smoothly with the model parameters, while the calculated mutual information of opposite ends of the lattice indicates a sharp transition of the system to a topological ground state. Furthermore, local-density and -parity measurements provide an experimentally viable path for observing the ground-state Majorana quasiparticles in ultracold atoms. Our results lay out a promising future for utilizing few-body systems as a testing ground for Majorana physics.
The History and Physical Examination

The importance of a carefully obtained and accurate history from the patient with cardiovascular disease cannot be overemphasized. In many instances, such a history enables the examiner to recognize the etiology of the problem relatively rapidly. Without it, evaluation of the patient’s problem is much less effective and definitive.
Supply chain sustainability: learning from the COVID-19 pandemic

This paper, a pathway, aims to provide research guidance for investigating sustainability in supply chains in a post-COVID-19 environment.,Published literature, personal research experience, insights from virtual open forums and practitioner interviews inform this study.,COVID-19 pandemic events and responses are unprecedented to modern operations and supply chains. Scholars and practitioners seek to make sense of how this event will make us revisit basic scholarly notions and ontology. Sustainability implications exist. Short-term environmental sustainability gains occur, while long-term effects are still uncertain and require research. Sustainability and resilience are complements and jointly require investigation.,The COVID-19 crisis is emerging and evolving. It is not clear whether short-term changes and responses will result in a new “normal.” Adjustment to current theories or new theoretical developments may be necessary. This pathway article only starts the conservation – many additional sustainability issues do arise and cannot be covered in one essay.,Organizations have faced a major shock during this crisis. Environmental sustainability practices can help organizations manage in this and future competitive contexts.,Broad economic, operational, social and ecological-environmental sustainability implications are included – although the focus is on environmental sustainability. Emergent organizational, consumer, policy and supply chain behaviors are identified.,The authors take an operations and supply chain environmental sustainability perspective to COVID-19 pandemic implications; with sustainable representing the triple bottom-line dimensions of environmental, social and economic sustainability; with a special focus on environmental sustainability. Substantial open questions for investigation are identified. This paper sets the stage for research requiring rethinking of some previous tenets and ontologies.
Mao and the Sino–Soviet Partnership, 1945–1959 by Zhihua Shen

Shen, Zhihua, and Yafeng Xia. Mao and the Sino–Soviet Partnership, 1945–1959. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2015.
Involvement of eNAMPT/TLR4 signaling in murine radiation pneumonitis: protection by eNAMPT neutralization.

Therapeutic strategies to prevent or reduce the severity of radiation pneumonitis are a serious unmet need. We evaluated extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT), a damage-associated molecular pattern protein (DAMP) and Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand, as a therapeutic target in murine radiation pneumonitis. Radiation-induced murine and human NAMPT expression was assessed in vitro, in tissues (IHC, biochemistry, imaging), and in plasma. Wild type C57Bl6 mice (WT) and Nampt+/− heterozygous mice were exposed to 20Gy whole thoracic lung irradiation (WTLI) with or without weekly IP injection of IgG1 (control) or an eNAMPT-neutralizing polyclonal (pAb) or monoclonal antibody (mAb). BAL protein/cells and H&E staining were used to generate a WTLI severity score. Differentially-expressed genes (DEGs)/pathways were identified by RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses. Radiation exposure increases in vitro NAMPT expression in lung epithelium (NAMPT promoter activity) and NAMPT lung tissue expression in WTLI-exposed mice. Nampt+/− mice and eNAMPT pAb/mAb-treated mice exhibited significant histologic attenuation of WTLI-mediated lung injury with reduced levels of BAL protein and cells, and plasma levels of eNAMPT, IL-6, and IL-1β. Genomic and biochemical studies from WTLI-exposed lung tissues highlighted dysregulation of NFkB/cytokine and MAP kinase signaling pathways which were rectified by eNAMPT mAb treatment. The eNAMPT/TLR4 pathway is essentially involved in radiation pathobiology with eNAMPT neutralization an effective therapeutic strategy to reduce the severity of radiation pneumonitis.
Early Failure of a Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel Implant With Osteolysis and Foreign Body Reactions in an Ovine Model of Cartilage Repair.

Background:Hemiarthroplasty using a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel synthetic implant has been suggested as a good alternative to arthrodesis for the treatment of hallux rigidus. However, failure ...
From relative truth to Finean non-factualism

This paper compares two ‘relativist’ theories about deliciousness: truth-relativism, and Kit Fine’s non-factualism about a subject-matter. Contemporary truth-relativism is presented as a linguistic thesis; its metaphysical underpinning is often neglected. I distinguish three views about the obtaining of worldly states of affairs concerning deliciousness, and argue that none yields a satisfactory version of truth-relativism. Finean non-factualism about deliciousness is not subject to the problems with truth-relativism. I conclude that Finean non-factualism is the better relativist theory. As I explain, non-facualism about deliciousness is happily combined with an invariantist semantics for the word “delicious”. On this approach, relativism is a matter for a metaphysical theory, not a linguistic one.
The Effect of Cranberry Juice on the Presence of Bacteria and White Blood Cells in the Urine of Elderly Women

For generations, a belief has persisted that the ingestion of cranberry juice somehow protects the urinary tract against infection, but until recently no adequately designed large-scale clinical trials had been performed to test this hypothesis. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to measure the effect of regular ingestion of cranberry juice on the bacterial flora of older women. The study sample consisted of 153 women ( mean age 78.5 years ) who were randomly allocated to an experimental group, which drank 300 ml per day of a standard commercially available cranberry beverage containing 26% juice; the controls were instead asked to drink the same amount of a synthetic placebo drink prepared for this study, which had an identical taste and color, but contained no cranberry product. Both drinks contained the same amount of vitamin C. Urines were collected monthly for six months and tested for the presence of bacteria and white blood cells. Bacteriuria was defined as the presence of ≥ 105 organisms per ml.
Facets of Faces

Defining Features Scientific and Medical Portraits 1660-2000. Ludmilla Jordanova, Curator. National Portrait Gallery, London, 14 April to 17 September 2000. Defining Features Scientific and Medical Portraits 1660-2000. Ludmilla Jordanova. Reaktion Books, London, in association with the National Portrait Gallery, London, 2000. Paper, 192 pp. $24.95, £14.95. ISBN 1-86189-059-1. Through this exhibition and its accompanying book, Ludmilla Jordanova provides a concise overview of portraiture and its function within the historical and social world of scientists, doctors, inventors, and their work.
Soviet and Western Bloc Competition in the Less Developed World and the Collapse of Détente

OF THE DISSERTATION SOVIET AND WESTERN BLOC COMPETITION IN THE LESS DEVELOPED WORLD AND THE COLLAPSE OF DETENTE by Douglas Rivero Florida International University, 2009 Miami, Florida Professor Ronald Cox, Major Professor The purpose of my dissertation was to examine the competition between the U.S.led Western bloc and the Soviet bloc in the less developed world during Detente. I assessed whether or not the Soviet bloc pushed for strategic gains in the less developed world in the middle-to-late 1970’s and whether this contributed to the U.S. decision to abandon Detente in 1979. I made the attempt to test the international relations theory of balance of threat realism (Walt, 1992). I accomplished the test in two ways. First, I measured the foreign aid allocations (military and economic) made by each respective bloc towards the Third World by using a quantitative approach. Second, I examined U.S. archives using the processtracing/historical method. The U.S. archives gave me the ability to evaluate how U.S. decision-makers and U.S. intelligence agencies interpreted the actions of the Soviet bloc. They also gave me the chance to examine the U.S. response as we evaluated the policies that were pushed by key U.S. decision-makers and intelligence agencies. On the question of whether or not the Soviet bloc was aggressive, the quantitative evidence suggested that it was not. Instead, the evidence found the Western-bloc to have
Regulation of translocation polarity by helicase domain 1 in SF2B helicases.

Structurally similar superfamily I (SF1) and II (SF2) helicases translocate on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) with defined polarity either in the 5′–3′ or in the 3′–5′ direction. Both 5′–3′ and 3′–5′ translocating helicases contain the same motor core comprising two RecA-like folds. SF1 helicases of opposite polarity bind ssDNA with the same orientation, and translocate in opposite directions by employing a reverse sequence of the conformational changes within the motor domains. Here, using proteolytic DNA and mutational analysis, we have determined that SF2B helicases bind ssDNA with the same orientation as their 3′–5′ counterparts. Further, 5′–3′ translocation polarity requires conserved residues in HD1 and the FeS cluster containing domain. Finally, we propose the FeS cluster-containing domain also provides a wedge-like feature that is the point of duplex separation during unwinding.
An Understanding of Addictive Disease and Drug Testing: Implications and Recommendations

Addiction is a complex chronic disease that can be challenging to define and to treat. Both the concept of re-covery and the role of drug testing are often misunderstood. To some, addictive disease is the use of addictive substances rather than a neurophysiologic condition underlying the manner in which one utilizes those substances. Further, some believe sobriety is recovery. In fact, sobriety is the endpoint of treatment for intoxication and withdrawal, and the starting point for treatment of addiction and achievement of recovery.
Neutropenia associated with mezlocillin and piperacillin.

Abstract Neutropenia associated with beta-lactam antibiotics has been widely reported since the first case was described in 1946. Cross-reactivity between beta-lactam antibiotics for this phenomenon rarely has been reported. This case describes the development of neutropenia after a course of mezlocillin, resolution upon discontinuation, and recurrence promptly after initiation of piperacillin, with resolution subsequent to discontinuation. Clinical practitioners should be aware that this adverse drug reaction has been associated with the newer beta-lactam antibiotics and that cross-reactivity may occur between these antibiotics.
Split FIFO phase synchronization for high speed interconnect

This paper describes a simple method of phase synchronization for high speed communication in a large distributed network such as a parallel processor interconnect. Reducing phase delta with matched clock distribution in a distributed system is not always practical. A split FIFO phase synchronizer provides reliable data transfer at fast clock speeds and high bandwidth. A digital delay locked loop, DLL, centers the data clock midway in the data bit cell. A reset arbiter/synchronizer provides proper alignment of the read and write pointer release during initialization of the split FIFO synchronizer.
Obtaining a seal with otic specula: must we rely on an air of uncertainty?

Pneumatic otoscopy is commonly performed to assess tympanic membrane mobility and detect middle ear pathology.1-3 An airtight system with an adequate seal at the acoustic meatus is considered necessary for an optimal evaluation.4 In many instances, however, the speculum does not conform properly to the external ear and air escapes during insufflation.5 Such occurrences introduce uncertainty and may limit accuracy during the examination.6 Objective studies are needed to address this issue and to determine whether further improvements in speculum design are necessary. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine the incidence of air leaks at the auditory canal during routine pneumatic otoscopy in pediatric patients.
Clinical relevance of genetic polymorphisms in the human CYP2C subfamily

The human CYP2Cs are an important subfamily of P450 enzymes that metabolize approximately 20% of clinically used drugs. There are four members of the subfamily, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2C18. Of these CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 are of clinical importance. The CYP2Cs also metabolize some endogenous compounds such as arachidonic acid. Each member of this subfamily has been found to be genetically polymorphic. The most well-known of these polymorphisms is in CYP2C19. Poor metabolizers (PMs) of CYP2C19 represent approximately 3–5% of Caucasians, a similar percentage of African-Americans and 12–100% of Asian groups. The polymorphism affects metabolism of the anticonvulsant agent mephenytoin, proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole, the anxiolytic agent diazepam, certain antidepressants, and the antimalarial drug proguanil. Toxic effects can occur in PMs exposed to diazepam, and the efficacy of some proton pump inhibitors may be greater in PMs than EMs at low doses of these drugs. A number of mutant alleles exist that can be detected by genetic testing. CYP2C9 metabolizes a wide variety of drugs including the anticoagulant warfarin, antidiabetic agents such as tolbutamide, anticonvulsants such as phenytoin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The incidence of functional polymorphisms is much lower, estimated to be 1/250 in Caucasians and lower in Asians. However, the clinical consequences of these rarer polymorphisms can be severe. Severe and life-threatening bleeding episodes have been reported in CYP2C9 PMs exposed to warfarin. Phenytoin has been reported to cause severe toxicity in PMs. New polymorphisms have been discovered in CYP2C8, which metabolizes taxol (paclitaxel). Genetic testing is available for all of the known CYP2C variant alleles.
Single Mode Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Heterostructure Lasers

Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor (MIS) injection lasers having various structural configurations are discussed for single mode operation in the wavelength range of 0.72-1.55 microns. MIS interfaces are used as an alternative to p-n heterojunctions to obtain effective minority carrier injection and subsequent lasing action in the active layer. Emitted photons are confined in the active layer as they are reflected by a heterostructure dielectric discontinuity on one side and perfectly reflecting surface of the barrier metal on the other side. Modal analysis of a stripe geometry MIS laser involving both lateral and transverse modes is presented. A comparison of the output characteristics, highlighting the differences in transverse modal behavior of MIS laser structures with a conventional p-n double heterostructure (DH) lasers, operating at the same wavelength, is reported. A novel distributed feedback (DFB) laser employing an MIS heterostructure, rather than a p-n heterojunction, is also proposed. The simplicity of fabrication of the proposed DFB laser lends itself to monolithic integration with optical waveguides and other electronic and optoelectronic devices.
The ice fauna in the shallow southwestern Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean

Abstract Sympagic fauna were studied in seasonal fast ice adjacent to Narwhal Island during the spring of 1979 and 1980, with emphasis on the origin of the fauna and its relationship to contiguous pelagic and benthic communities. The results of five subprojects are reviewed and compared with recent literature. Within Stefansson Sound, inshore of Narwhal Island, total sympagic meiofaunal densities and species diversity were low. In March 1979, the dominant taxa were polychaete larvae and crustacean nauplii, while in May the dominant group was Nematoda. Total numerical densities were low, ranging from 4500 to 8000 per m2. During the spring of 1980 large numbers of invertebrate fauna concentrated at the undersurface of seasonal sea ice on the inner western Beaufort Sea continental shelf, seaward of Narwhal Island. The sympagic meiofauna were comprised primarily of benthic harpacticoid and cyclopoid copepods, turbellarians, nematode worms, and polychaete worm larvae. Total meiofaunal densities increased from about 6000 per m2 in April to about 482,000 per m2 in June. All life stages of Cyclopina gracilis (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) were present in the ice. This species appeared to reproduce continuously from early April to early June during the study period. The Harpacticus sp. (Copepoda: Harpaticoida) population consisted of one cohort whose individuals grew in size from April to early June. The sympagic macrofauna consisted entirely of amphipod crustaceans, primarily comprised of benthic species. Population size structure of the amphipod Pseudalibrotus (= Onisimus) litoralis was bimodal and there was a lack of intermediate growth stages. These characteristics indicate that this species has a two-year life cycle in the Beaufort Sea. The highest growth rate for P. litoralis coincided with maximal ice algal production. P. litoralis fed largely on meiofaunal Crustacea and amphipod fragments in April, but its diet switched to ice algae during the height of the bloom in late May-early June. Results indicate that P. litoralis, normally a shallow benthic species, uses the ice undersurface as a spawning site and a temporary nursery ground for its young during the spring. Beneath the ice, the input of total organic carbon to the bottom remained at fairly constant low levels from April through early June, 1980. Little carbon, exported from the ice community beneath the sea ice, reached the shallow sea floor. However, this food source is available to the benthos earlier than that from phytoplanktonic or benthic microalgal production that occurs later in the season after ice breakup.
Surgical Pearl: alternate method of loading needle to facilitate subcuticular suturing.

Paterson intracytoplasmic viral inclusion bodies. Alternatively, hemotoxylineeosin stained formalinfixed tissue from a biopsy specimen will show these same confirmatory features. In a research setting, immunohistochemical or DNA in situ hybridization techniques may be used to demonstrate presence of the Mollusca virus. 5,6
Identification of anti-inflammatory constituents in Hypericum perforatum and Hypericum gentianoides extracts using RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages

Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) is an herb widely used as supplement for mild to moderate depression. Our prior studies established synergistic anti-inflammatory activity associated with 4 bioactive compounds in a fraction of a H. perforatum ethanol extract. Whether these 4 compounds also contributed to the ethanol extract activity was addressed in the research reported here. Despite the popularity of H. perforatum, other Hypericum species with different phytochemical profiles could have their anti-inflammatory potentials attributed to these or other compounds. In the current study, ethanol extracts of different Hypericum species were compared for their inhibitory effect on LPS-induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. Among these extracts, those made from H. perforatum and H. gentianoides demonstrated stronger overall efficacy. LC-MS analysis established the 4 compounds were present in the H. perforatum extract and pseudohypericin in all active fractions. The 4 compounds accounted for a significant part of the extract's inhibitory activity on PGE2, NO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in RAW 264.7 as well as peritoneal macrophages. Pseudohypericin was the most important contributor of the anti-inflammatory potential among the 4 compounds. The lipophilic fractions of H. gentianoides extract, which did not contain the previously identified active constituents, decreased PGE2 and NO potently. These fractions were rich in acylphloroglucinols, including uliginosin A that accounted for a proportion of the anti-inflammatory activity observed with the active fractions. Overall, the current study established that a different group of major anti-inflammatory constituents were present in H. gentianoides, while showing that the previously identified 4 compound combination was important for H. perforatum's anti-inflammatory potential.
Lateral buckling of beams in eccentrically-braced frames

Abstract Eccentrically-braced frames are used in earthquake-resistant steel structures. The key to the success of the eccentrically-braced frame is the short eccentric element used to dissipate energy during extreme seismic events. The propensity of these elements to buckle laterally under large amplitude alternating loads, and the consequences of such buckling, are studied here. The paper focuses on the effects of repeated loading on the limit load and post-limit behavior of laterally braced and laterally unbraced beams. We report the results of five experiments on propped cantilever beams subjected to cyclically reversing loads, and provide a thorough analysis of the experimental configuration.
NMR chemical shift assignments for 7′‐substituted aromatic‐7′‐apo‐β‐caro‐tenes

Chemical shifts of all protons at 8.46 T and 13 C atoms are presented for substituted 7'-aryl-7'-apo-β-carotenes, where aryl=C 6 H 5 , 4-C 6 H 4 NO 2 , 4-C 6 H 4 OCH 3 , 4-C 6 H 4 CO 2 CH 3 , C 6 F 5 and 2,4,6-C 6 H 2 (CH 3 ) 3 . Assignments were established by NOE, COSY, HMBC and HECTOR studies
Variability of linolenic and linoleic acids in soybean oil

Soybean oil from all locations and varieties of Uniform Test Groups II, III, and IV have been analyzed for linolenic and linoleic acid by an improved spectrophotometric method. Location composites in Group II varied from 5.9% to 8.3% in linolenic acid and from 45.3% to 50.4% in linoleic. Variety composites varied from 5.4% to 8.0% in linolenic and from 43.9% to 51.6% in linoleic.
Symmetry properties of the Na+-Ca2+ exchange mechanism in cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles.

Abstract The Na+-Ca2+ exchange mechanism in cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles can catalyze the exchange of Ca2+ on either side of the sarcolemmal membrane for Na+ on the opposing side. Little is known regarding the relative affinities of Na+ and Ca2+ for exchanger binding sites on the intra- and extracellular membrane surfaces. We have previously reported (Philipson, K.D. and Nishimoto, A.Y. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 5111–5117) a method for measuring the Na+-Ca2+ exchange of only the inside-out vesicles in a mixed population of sarcolemmal vesicles (predominantly right-side-out). We concluded that the apparent K m (Ca2+) for Na+i-dependent Ca2+ uptake was similar for inside-out and right-side-out vesicles. In the present study, we examine in detail Na+0-dependent Ca2+ efflux from both the inside-out and the total population of vesicles. To load vesicles with Ca2+ prior to measurement of Ca2+ efflux, four methods are used: 1, Na+-Ca2+ exchange; 2, passive Ca2+ diffusion; 3, ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake; 4, exchange of Ca2+ for Na+ which has been actively transported into vesicles by the Na+ pump. The first two methods load all sarcolemmal vesicles with Ca2+, while the latter two methods selectively load inside-out vesicles with Ca2+. We are able to conclude that the dependence of Ca2+ efflux on the external Na+ concentration is similar in inside-out and right-side-out vesicles. Thus the apparent K m (Na+) values (≈ 30 mM) of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger are similar on the two surfaces of the sarcolemmal membrane. In other experiments, external Na+ inhibited the Na+i-dependent Ca2+ uptake of the total population of vesicles much more potently than that of the inside-out vesicles. Apparently Na+ can compete for the Ca2+ binding site more effectively on the external surface of right-side-out than on the external surface of inside-out vesicles. Thus, although affinities for Na+ or Ca2+ (in the absence of the other ion) appear symmetrical, the interactions between Na+ and Ca2+ at the two sides of the exchanger are not the same. The Na+-Ca2+ exchanger is not a completely symmetrical transport protein.
Schema theory and practice variability within a neo-piagetian framework.

Schema theory and neo-Piagetian theory were combined to explain psychomotor performance of female children. A curvilinear repositioning task was employed to test motor recall of a novel response. Results indicated support for the schema theory postulation of symmetry of motor memory across varying spatial locations. High M-processors performed significantly better than low M-processors, supporting the tenets of neo-Piagetian theory. It was concluded that a combination of the two theories offers a viable beginning in the understanding of children’s psychomotor performance.
Perturbation Theory Eigenvalue Sensitivity Analysis with Monte Carlo Techniques

Methodologies to calculate adjoint-based first-order-linear perturbation theory sensitivity coefficients with multigroup Monte Carlo methods are developed, implemented, and tested in this paper. Th...
Inhibition of homogeneous condensation of SF6 by vibrational excitation

Abstract Vibrational excitation of SF 6 by a 10.6 μm CO 2 laser is shown to reduce lifetimes for SF 6 dimers in supersonically expended flows. A possible utility of this phenomenon in controlling condensation rates to separate isotopes is discussed, and a kinetic analysis of the expected isotopic composition of SF 6 in a supersonically expanded stream is presented.
The Relationship Between Self-Actualization and Adjustment Among American Catholic Priests

The present study was concerned with the relationship between self-actualization and adjustment among American Catholic priests. The Personal Orientation Inventory (POI), a measure of self-actualization, and the Loyola Sentence Completion Blank for Clergymen (LSCBC), a measure of adjustment, were administered to 218 American Catholic priests. A mean correlation of r = -.19 (p < .01) between POI scales and total LSCBC score was found. Thus a low positive relationship between self-actualization and adjustment among American Catholic priests was indicated (negative correlations signifying positive relationships because of the direction of the scales associated with test construction). POI scales which were correlated the highest with total adjustment were Self-Regard (-.36, p < .01) and Time Competence (-.31, p < .01).
Incubation Temperature Effects on Hatchling Performance in the Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta)

Incubation temperature has significant developmental effects on oviparous animals, including affecting sexual differentiation for several species. Incubation temperature also affects traits that can influence survival, a theory that is verified in this study for the Northwest Atlantic loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta). We conducted controlled laboratory incubations and experiments to test for an effect of incubation temperature on performance of loggerhead hatchlings. Sixty-eight hatchlings were tested in 2011, and 31 in 2012, produced from eggs incubated at 11 different constant temperatures ranging from 27°C to 33°C. Following their emergence from the eggs, we tested righting response, crawling speed, and conducted a 24-hour long swim test. The results support previous studies on sea turtle hatchlings, with an effect of incubation temperature seen on survivorship, righting response time, crawling speed, change in crawl speed, and overall swim activity, and with hatchlings incubated at 27°C showing decreased locomotor abilities. No hatchlings survived to be tested in both years when incubated at 32°C and above. Differences in survivorship of hatchlings incubated at high temperatures are important in light of projected higher sand temperatures due to climate change, and could indicate increased mortality from incubation temperature effects.
Long-term clinical course of patients with normal coronary arteriography: Follow-up study of 121 patients with normal or nearly normal coronary arteriograms

Abstract To determine the long-term course of patients with normal coronary arteriograms, follow-up data regarding frequency of morbid cardiac events and extent of persistent clinical disability were obtained in 121 patients (72 women, 49 men; mean age 49 years) with normal (90%) or nearly normal (10%) coronary arteriograms. Mean length of follow-up was 4.3 years (range 1 to 11 years). Three (2.5%) patients died suddenly and unexpectedly. Four (3.4%) surviving patients suffered documented acute myocardial infarction (AMI) subsequent to initial arteriography. Three of seven patients who underwent repeat coronary arteriography were found to have disease in excess of that observed on initial arteriograms. The overwhelming majority (94% or 80%) of surviving patients continued to experience chese discomfort similar to that for which they underwent coronary arteriography and 75 (64%) continued to use antianginal drugs. Thus the finding of normal or nearly normal coronary arteriograms implies a highly favorable prognosis, although it does not establish immunity from a morbid cardiac event (AMI and/or sudden death); the likely basis for these events is progression of fixed obstructive disease, rather than coronary artery spasm or underestimation of extent of coronary disease by arteriography.
Attitudes toward suicidal behavior: a review of the literature.

Abstract The attitudes people in any given culture regarding death and suicidal behavior may be viewed as a reflection of that culture's values toward life. This article reviews the literature in the area of societal attitudes toward suicidal behavior. Attitudes include not only how society feels about those who kill themselves but the family members who are left behind as well. Although surveys have shown that many Americans see suicidal people as psychologically disturbed, some groups argue that suicide can be seen as a rational behavior. The idea is postulated that the answer to whether suicide is a rational or irrational act may not be as simple as yes or no.
Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing: Technical and clinical considerations

Abstract In the final analysis, the effectiveness of microbiology reports reflects a complex web of factors including proper specimen collection and transport, process control by the laboratory as regards the establishment of appropriate culturing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing protocols, reporting procedures, interaction with clinicians, and understanding of infectious diseases. Rapid turnaround time of tests may be helpful in certain critical cases but may also be helpful only when linked with a prospective intervention program. While early studies in this area focused on the effects of rapid testing on length to stay, current DRG pressures to minimize length of stay may have superseded the impact of rapid testing since home parenteral and oral antimicrobial therapy have become commonplace. Nonetheless, one cannot argue that appropriate therapy is good medicine and that its administration should be sought by whatever means possible. Microbiologists, however, need to recognize that having the technical capability to produce rapid results is not sufficient in of itself to optimize therapy.
DYNAMICS OF A FLEXIBLE ROTATING BEAM INTERACTING WITH A FLAT RIGID SURFACE, PART I: MODEL DEVELOPMENT

Abstract The dynamics of a flexible Euler-Bernoulli beam attached to a uniformly rotating hub and interacting at the tip with a plane rigid surface parallel to the hub axis is analyzed. Lagrange's equation and a generalized co-ordinates-eigenfunctions representation for the displacement fields are used to formulate the unconstrained motion equations. It is shown that one must account for the longitudinal displacements if dynamical stiffening is to be observed. A quadratic approximation for these displacements is used, and a computationally effective way of by-passing the calculation of the volume integrals at every integration step, by matrix-vector multiplications is implemented. The energy dissipating constraint, which requires the tip of the filament to move on the surface, is imposed with a Lagrange multiplier and a generalized force column vector corresponding to dry friction. A procedure of evaluating the generalized friction force in terms of the generalized co-ordinates and velocities is presented. The presence of dynamical stiffening is tested and the calculated values of the fundamental frequency are found to be in excellent agreement with data from literature.
Membrane Protein Structure Predictions for Exploration

A daring experiment is performed. Using sequence alignments to predict contacts between residues in protein spatial structures, Hopf et al. are publishing untested de novo structure models for 11 transmembrane protein families. Will their models stand the test of time and hold up to experimentation? The prospects are excellent.
Three-dimensional intensity distributions in the region of focus of two superposed converging spherical waves

The three-dimensional distribution of intensity in the neighborhood of focus of two converging coaxial spherical waves has been calculated for various focal separations and phase differences between the waves. Lommel functions were used to solve the diffraction integral, and computer techniques were used to generate the complex-field amplitude arrays. Subsequent superposition of the arrays provided contour maps of the intensity distributions.
DNA Transfer to Cultured Cells

DNA Transfer to Cultured Cells is a short treatise that deals mostly with transfection of specialized cells in culture. Transfection protocols include derivations of standard calcium phosphate, diethylaminoethyl dextran, and electroporation methods. Protocols for development of retrovirus-packaging cell lines or retrovirus vectors from transient transfection methods are also described. The descriptions of pseudotyping Moloney-based vector systems with the vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein is a good introduction into a method (pseudotyping) that is being used more frequently with other envelopes and other vectors.In general, this is a solid introduction to methods commonly used in the past 5–20 years. However, several widely used vector systems are not described in this book, including the use of vectors based on adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, herpesvirus, and lentivirus, as well as the use of virus-assisted transfection methods. Given the rapid development of this field, it is also unfortunate that the references listed are nearly all from 1995 or earlier.
The 9.15‐year cycle in copper prices in the U.S.A. (period 1824–1973)

(1975). The 9.15‐year cycle in copper prices in the U.S.A. (period 1824–1973) Journal of Interdisciplinary Cycle Research: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 73-88.