cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stainable aluminum and not aluminum content reflects bone histology in dialyzed patients.

Stainable aluminum and not aluminum content reflects bone histology in dialyzed patients. Quantitative evaluation of stainable bone aluminum and measurement of bone aluminum content were done in 55 patients on chronic maintenance dialysis. All patients underwent bone biopsies. Histomorphometry of static and dynamic parameters of bone structure, bone formation and resorption, and quantitation of stainable bone aluminum at the osteoid–bone interface were performed. In addition, bone aluminum content was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Bone aluminum content was elevated in all patients (81 ± 9.6 vs. 18 ± 6 µg/g dry wt) and stainable aluminum was found in 47% of them. All patients with predominant low–turnover osteomalacia or adynamic bone disease displayed stainable bone aluminum. In contrast, stainable bone aluminum was not present in individuals with predominant–hyperparathyroid bone disease. Patients with stainable aluminum had lower bone mass (P
Early severe infantile botulism

Two neonates with a history of diarrhea, abrupt apnea, and suspected sepsis were proved to have infantile botulism. Initial symptoms in both infants suggested other diagnoses. Electrophysiologic studies were important in confirming the diagnosis. Early severe infantile botulism may be rare but should be considered in neonates who have hypotonia and respiratory arrest or a sepsislike clinical picture.
Correlation of the growth of chinese hamster V279‐171b multicellular spheroids with cytokinetic parameters

The volumes of Chinese hamster V/sub 2/79-171b multicellular spheroids grown in spinner culture were measured and correlated to DNA distribution and cell volume distribution information. Spheroid growth curves were obtained over a 21 day period using both electronic cell volume measurements and microscope micrometer sizing. The spheroids were collected from the aperture tube after electronic sizing, and single cell suspensions were prepared via trypsinization. Saline-washed cells were then stained with mithramycin and analyzed as unfixed orethanol-fixed cells for both cell volume and DNA fluorescence measurements. Spheroid growth was determined to have an initial 8 to 9 day rapid growth phase, and a slow phase from 10 to 21 days. The single cell volume distributions of cells obtained from spheroids were dependent on spheroid volume and the relative proportions of small volume noncycling cells to large volume cycling cells comprising the spheroids were also dependent on spheroid volume. DNA distribution data and dual parameter DNA distribution cell volume contour patterns obtained for single cells dissociated from spheroids were closely related to the measured spheroid volume and revealed that the fraction of small, hypoxic G/sub 0/-like cells was greatest in old, large spheroids.
Use of keyed character string data structures and operators in models of primate groups

Many primate populations exhibit forms of organization that are both complex and highly dynamic. A prototype of a general purpose primate population computer modelling system has been developed; this modelling system provides data structures and operators that facilitate computer representation of many static and dynamic features of primate population organization. In this system, primate group structures are represented by text strings known as key strings. A key string begins with a label or key character that identifies its population element type. The label character is followed by data fields contained between bounds marker characters. Nested key strings can be used to concisely represent many of the structural features of social groups in different primate species. Changes in group structures are accomplished by key string insertion, deletion and move operations. Models of structures and processes in island, rhesus monkey and hamadryas baboon populations built with this prototype modelling system are discussed. In these pilot applications, use of key string data structures and operators greatly simplifies many aspects of model construction.
Crocheted PTFE reactors for post-column photochemistry in HPLC

Construction of crocheted photochemical reactors for use in high performance liquid chromatography is described. The design of these reactors is optimal for low intensity light sources because of their cylindrical configuration. Band broadening is minimized by the use of tightly crocheted narrow bore tubing and fittings modified to reduce dead volume. These reactors are suitable for most post-column photochemical reactions with the additional possibility of serving as mixing/delay coils, deoxygenation devices for electrochemical detectors, and as low dispersion detector cells for chemiluminesckent reactions.
Broadly neutralizing antibodies against influenza viruses

Despite available antivirals and vaccines, influenza continues to be a major cause of mortality worldwide. Vaccination generally induces an effective, but strain-specific antibody response. As the virus continually evolves, new vaccines have to be administered almost annually when a novel strain becomes dominant. Furthermore, the sporadic emerging resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors among circulating strains suggests an urgent need for new therapeutic agents. Recently, several cross-reactive antibodies have been described, which neutralize an unprecedented spectrum of influenza viruses. These broadly neutralizing antibodies generally target conserved functional regions on the major influenza surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA). The characterization of their neutralization breadth and epitopes on HA could stimulate the development of new antibody-based antivirals and broader influenza vaccines. This article forms part of a symposium in Antiviral Research on "Treatment of influenza: targeting the virus or the host."
Test strategies for adaptive equalizers

This paper provides an overview of the test strategies for both continuous-time and digitally-assisted adaptive equalizers. Conventionally, an equalizer is characterized by the explicit measurement of the eye diagram at its output, which requires a lengthy testing time and is too costly for production testing. Design for testability and special test stimuli have been developed to facilitate circuit performance characterization and go/no-go production testing. In addition, for digitallyassisted adaptive equalizers, digital signatures extracted from the tap coefficients in the digital adaptation unit can be used for performance prediction and fault detection.
Soybean ferritin: implications for iron status of vegetarians

Meeting the requirement for absorbed iron is difficult for vegetarians, and their iron status often is lower than that of nonvegetarians. Beans contain ferritin in low concentrations, but it is possible to enhance this content by plant breeding or by inserting the gene for ferritin into plants, eg, soybeans. Because each ferritin molecule can bind to thousands of iron atoms, this may be a sustainable means to increase the iron contents of plants. Before such efforts are launched, it is important to determine whether iron in ferritin is bioavailable. This has been assessed in vitro by using human intestinal (Caco-2) cells and in vivo by using radiolabeled ferritin and whole-body counting in human subjects. Dietary factors affecting iron absorption, eg, ascorbic acid, phytate, and calcium, had limited effect on iron uptake from intact ferritin by Caco-2 cells, which suggests that ferritin-bound iron is absorbed via a mechanism different from that of nonheme iron. In an in vitro digestion system, ferritin was shown to be relatively resistant to proteolytic enzymes. Binding of ferritin to Caco-2 cells was shown to be saturable, and the kinetics for binding were characteristic of a receptor-mediated process. In human subjects, iron from purified soybean ferritin given in a meal was as well absorbed as iron from ferrous sulfate. In conclusion, iron is well absorbed from ferritin and may represent a means of biofortification of staple foods such as soybeans.
Federally Sponsored Waste Minimization Research and Development for Hazardous and Non-Hazardous Wastes

Seventeen organizations within the federal government support research and development (R&D) applicable to minimization of hazardous and non-hazardous waste. Provided for each organization are mission statements, examples of research and development, and contacts for additional information.
A high-resolution genetic map around waltzer on mouse chromosome 10 and identification of a new allele of waltzer.

A new autosomal recessive mouse mutation characterized by deafness and circling behavior was recovered during mutagenesis experiments with chlorambucil (CHL). On the basis of allelism tests and linkage analyses, this mutation appears to represent a new allele of waltzer (v) that maps to mouse Chromosome (Chr) 10. We have designated this new allele, Albany waltzer (vAlb). A high-resolution map of the region around v was constructed from data from two intersubspecific backcrosses involving Mus musculus castaneus. The analysis of 648 backcross mice has allowed vAlb to be localized 1.1 ± 0.4 cM distal to D10Mit60 and 0.2 ± 0.2 cM proximal to a cluster of four markers, D10Mit172, D10Mit112, D10Mit48, and D10Mit196. An independent backcross was used to confirm the map order and distances in the vAlb backcross. The two linkage maps were consistent, indicating that the lesion in vAlb, which is presumed to be a deletion based on the known action of CHL, is small and has not significantly altered the map at this level of detection. Additionally, three genes (Ros1, Grik2, and Zfa) were eliminated as possible candidates for vAlb, and several SSLP markers were separated genetically.
Solution Structure and Thermodynamics of 2',5' RNA Intercalation

As a means to explore the influence of the nucleic acid backbone on the intercalative binding of ligands to DNA and RNA, we have determined the solution structure of a proflavine-bound 2',5'-linked octamer duplex with the sequence GCCGCGGC. This structure represents the first NMR structure of an intercalated RNA duplex, of either backbone structural isomer. By comparison with X-ray crystal structures, we have identified similarities and differences between intercalated 3',5' and 2',5'-linked RNA duplexes. First, the two forms of RNA have different sugar pucker geometries at the intercalated nucleotide steps, yet have the same interphosphate distances. Second, as in intercalated 3',5' RNA, the phosphate backbone angle zeta at the 2',5' RNA intercalation site prefers to be in the trans conformation, whereas unintercalated 2',5' and 3',5' RNA prefer the -gauche conformation. These observations provide new insights regarding the transitions required for intercalation of a phosphodiester-ribose backbone and suggest a possible contribution of the backbone to the origin of the nearest-neighbor exclusion principle. Thermodynamic studies presented for intercalation of both structural RNA isomers also reveal a surprising sensitivity of intercalator binding enthalpy and entropy to the details of RNA backbone structure.
Radical ideals in group rings of locally finite groups

Abstract Perhaps the most interesting and difficult problem in the study of the group ring K [ G ] is the determination of the Jacobson radical JK [ G ] of this ring. To date this has been achieved only in a number of special cases, notably for G solvable or linear. It now appears that this problem splits into two and that a solution of the cases with G finitely generated and with G locally finite would then handle the general case. In this paper we consider group rings of locally finite groups. More specifically, we propose a candidate for JK [ G ] here and we show that this candidate is at least a radical ideal.
Hybrid Control for Switched Linear Systems With Average Dwell Time

This technical note presents a hybrid control scheme for the output-feedback control of switched linear systems with average dwell time. The proposed hybrid controller consists of a standard switching output-feedback control law and a supervisor enforcing a reset rule for the switching controller states at each switching instant. This hybrid control scheme provides an efficient and systema tic way for designing average dwell time switched linear control systems in the sense that the boundary condition can be incorporated into the synthesis problem in a convex formulation. Specifically, bo th full-order and reduced-order controllers with guaranteed stability and optimal weighted H1 performance will be solved by linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimizations. Simulation studies are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Index Terms—Switching control; average dwell time; controller state reset; full-order and reduced-order controllers; LMI.
Enhancement of radiotherapy by oleandrin is a caspase-3 dependent process.

Abstract Cardiac glycosides such as digitoxin and ouabain have previously been shown to be selectively cytotoxic to tumor as opposed to normal cells. Moreover, this class of agents has also been shown to act as potent radiosensitizers. In the present study we explored the relative radiosensitization potential of oleandrin, a cardiac glycoside contained within the plant extract known as Anvirzel™ that recently underwent a Phase I trial as a novel drug for anticancer therapy. The data show that oleandrin produces an enhancement of sensitivity of PC-3 human prostate cells to radiation; at a cell survival of 0.1, the enhancement factor was 1.32. The magnitude of radiosensitization depended on duration of exposure of cells to drug prior to radiation treatment. While a radiosensitizing effect of oleandrin was evident with only 1 h of cell exposure to drug, the effect greatly increased with 24 h oleandrin pretreatment. Susceptibility of PC-3 cells to oleandrin and radiation-induced apoptosis was dependent on activation of caspase-3. Activation was greatest when cells were exposed simultaneously to oleandrin and radiation. Inhibition of caspase-3 activation with Z-DEVD-FMK abrogated the oleandrin-induced enhancement of radiation response suggesting that both oleandrin and radiation share a caspase-3 dependent mechanism of apoptosis in the PC-3 cell line.
Theoretical Study of the Gate Leakage Current in Sub-10-nm Field-Effect Transistors

Scaling field-effect transistors (FETs) with conventional semiconductor channels requires a reduction of the body or fin thickness or of the diameter of the nanowire (NW) channel. We present a theoretical study showing that the increase of the ground-state sub-band energy induced by the quantum confinement associated with this scaling results in a dramatic reduction of the barrier at the channel/gate-insulator interface, which causes an increase of the leakage current across the gate insulator. We have studied the problem using scaling rules extracted from the 2011 International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS)-Roadmap (finding them excessively relaxed) and using more strict scaling rules from the literature confirmed by simulations of 5-nm gate-length III-V FETs. Employing local empirical pseudopotentials to calculate the electronic structure of Si and InAs thin bodies, the leakage gate current in the ON-state is shown to reach worrisome values at gate lengths of about 5 nm. This suggests that 1-D channels (i.e., NWs), but especially channels based on intrinsically 2-D (e.g., graphene/graphane or transition-metals dichalcogenides) or 1-D (e.g., carbon nanotubes) structures, are required to push scaling toward the 5-nm node.
Radar jitter suppression by self-reference matched filter

The effectiveness of moving target indicator (MTI) processing degrades substantially in the presence of even moderate phase jitter or phase noise. A technique originally developed for processing images viewed through turbulent media is applied to correct for phase jitter in MTI radar processing.
Mediator and the mechanism of transcriptional activation.

Mediator was discovered because of its activity in a yeast RNA polymerase II (pol II) transcription system – it is needed for the system to respond to a transcriptional activator. Mediator is the central link in the enhancer→activator→Mediator→pol II→promoter pathway. The transduction of regulatory signals through this pathway is crucial for transcription of almost all pol II promoters in all eukaryote organisms.
Preparation of a functioning frog's heart devoid of ventricular glycogen.

SummaryA method utilizing epinephrine and hypoxia to produce a viable frog's heart devoid of ventricular glycogen in preparation for studies on glycogen synthesis is described. The development of a 3 × 3 mm white area at the base of the ventricle served to indicate when the myocardium was so depleted. Hearts treated by this method were able to resynthesize glycogen from glucose.
Resonant photo- and Auger emission at the 3 p threshold of Cu, Cu 2 O, and CuO

We report photoemission spectra and intensity profiles of the $3d$ emission and the resonant valence-band satellites in Cu, ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}$O, and CuO. By analyzing the satellite separation energies, the multiplet structure, and the resonance shifts, we show that alternative resonance mechanisms are observed on Cu atoms in different electronic configurations. For Cu and ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}$O we find similar effective Coulomb interactions for the satellite final state. This emphasizes the contribution of the shake-up final state to the satellite separation energy, as evidenced by corresponding resonance shifts. Our results suggest that an alternate process can lead to the valence-band satellites observed in x-ray-photoemission spectroscopy studies of CuO (and many other compounds) which were previously interpreted as "ligand-to-metal charge-transfer" satellites. Finally no shift (0.2 eV) of the ${M}_{23}{M}_{45}{M}_{45}$ Auger emission is observed within 10 eV of the threshold. The increased effective Coulomb interaction for the Auger emission in ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}$O is attributed to the lack of metallic screening.
A tangent cone analysis of smooth preferences on a topological vector space

A theory of smooth preferences on a locally convex, topological vector space is developed by characterizing the existence of a unique supporting hyperplane to a convex set at a given point. The results are expressed in terms of the tangent cone. A new concept of properness, called strict properness, is also proposed to characterize the existence of a strictly supporting hyperplane to a convex set at a given point. We say that strict preferences are properly smooth at a given point provided that they are smooth, strictly proper, and the secant cone has a non-empty interior. Proper smoothness is broadly consistent with Gâteaux-differentiable utility even when the preference domain has an empty interior. Yet proper smoothness also allows the possibility of incomplete or intransitive preferences. This concept has immediate applications to optimization and equilibrium theory. For example, we demonstrate a version of the Second Welfare Theorem for agents with properly smooth preferences.
G alpha q family members couple parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related peptide and calcitonin receptors to phospholipase C in COS-7 cells.

The PTH/PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) receptor and the calcitonin receptor mediate the action of their physiological ligands by activating two different effectors, adenylyl cyclase and phospholipase C. Whereas regulation of adenylyl cyclase via both receptors is thought to involve the G protein G(s), it is not known whether activation of phospholipase C results from coupling of the receptors to G(q) family members or whether beta gamma-subunit released from receptor-activated G(s) lead to phospholipase C activation. To elucidate the mechanism of this type of dual signaling, we reconstituted the signal transduction of the PTH/PTHrP and the calcitonin receptor in COS-7 and HEK293 cells. In COS-7 cells expressing the receptor alone, addition of the respective ligands resulted in the accumulation of cAMP and inositol phosphates. When cells were cotransfected with the cDNAs of receptor and different alpha-subunits of the Gq family (G alpha q, G alpha 11, G alpha 14, G alpha 15, and G alpha 16, a severalfold incr...
Thermodynamic performance limit considerations for dual-evaporator, non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture-based domestic refrigerator-freezer systems☆

Abstract Non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures (NARMs) are investigated for a two-temperature level heat exchange process found in a domestic refrigerator-freezer. Ideal (constant air temperature) heat exchange processes are assumed. The results allow the effects of intercooling between the evaporator refrigerant stream and the condenser outlet stream to be examined in a systematic manner. For the conditions studied, an idealized NARM system will have a limiting coefficient of performance (COP) that is less than that of the best performing pure refrigerant component. However, for non-ideal heat exchange processes (gliding air temperature), the NARM-based system can have a higher limiting COP than a system running on either pure NARM component. Intercooling significantly affects the COP of NARM-based systems; however, depending on the location of ‘pinch points’ in the heat exchangers, only one intercooling heat exchanger may be needed to obtain a NARM's maximum refrigerator COP. The results are presented for mixtures of R22–R142b, R22–R123 and R32–R142b.
Minimal access parathyroidectomy using the focused lateral approach: technique, indication, and results.

Objective To describe the technique and results of minimal access parathyroidectomy using the focused lateral approach (FLA) under local anesthesia with intravenous sedation for excision of posteriorly located parathyroid glands. Design Review of medical records from a prospectively obtained database of patients. Setting Tertiary care university hospital. Patients The records of 88 consecutive patients who underwent parathyroidectomy via FLA between November 13, 2003, and January 26, 2007, were reviewed. Main Outcome Measures The FLA was used when preoperative sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography or ultrasonography showed an adenoma located superiorly, posteriorly, or retroesophageally. Intraoperative rapid parathyroid hormone assay was used to confirm a single adenoma in all cases. Results Eighty cases (91%) were successfully performed under intravenous sedation. In 4 patients, the procedure was converted from a lateral to an anterior approach. Seventy-one patients (81%) were discharged from the hospital the same day. The mean operative times for FLA were 82.6 minutes in the early part of the series and 62.9 minutes in 2006. There were no major complications. One patient experienced transient vocal cord paresis. One patient developed a pneumomediastinum, which resolved without intervention. Another patient developed a small hematoma, which required no treatment and resolved. Conclusions The FLA is a safe and effective procedure for excision of parathyroid glands that are located superiorly, posteriorly, or retroesophageally. Its major advantage is the ability to remove glands located deep and posterior through a small incision under intravenous sedation. Although there is a learning curve, the overall operative times for minimally invasive parathyroidectomy decreased after experience was gained. The FLA improves the mean excision time for excision of posteriorly located parathyroid adenomas.
The intracellular distribution and antiviral activity of amantadine

Abstract The uptake and intracellular distribution of amantadine were examined to better define the site and mechanism of action of this drug. Amantadine is rapidly concentrated in lysosomes and in the cytosol (postmicrosomal supernatant) of Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. A considerable portion of the cell-associated amantadine resists elution and remains in the lysosomes and the cytosol when the cells are subsequently washed and incubated in amantadine-free medium. In contrast, the antiviral activity of amantadine is rapidly lost when the drug is removed from the extracellular medium. These results indicate that most of the cell-bound amantadine does not contribute to the antiviral action of the drug. That portion of the cell-associated amantadine which does account for its antiviral activity is rapidly exchanged with the extracellular medium, and in fact, may actually be the drug in the extracellular medium.
Where Are the Zeros of xi of t? [On the Lighter Side]

Now that Andrew Wiles has proved the Taniyama-Shimura conjecture, inter alia proving Fermat's last theorem, and Grigory Perelman has proved the Poincare conjecture in three dimensions, thus completing the earlier work of Steve Smale (who proved the generalized Poincare conjecture in all dimensions greater than or equal to five) and Michael Freedman (who proved the generalized Poincare conjecture in four dimensions), the Riemann hypothesis is perhaps the most famous open problem in mathematics. This hypothesis is contained in Riemann's presentation upon being elected to the Berlin Academy in 1859. Like many fascinating problems in mathematics, the hypothesis can be stated very simply.
Measuring medical students' experience with surgical problems and procedures.

Abstract Background: Measuring medical students’ experience on their surgical clerkship rotations to assess the adequacy of the breadth of exposure is essential for producing generalist clinicians. Methods: A Surgical Clinical Checklist was developed by surveying the surgical faculty for those surgical problems and procedures that every generalist physician should experience. The checklist was then distributed to 48 consecutive third-year medical students for completion during their core clerkship in surgery. Results: Students reported encounters with surgical procedures more frequently than with surgical problems (64.3% of procedures versus 21.9% of problems were encountered by 80% of respondents). Students actively participated as often as they reported passive observation alone. Students assigned to two different teaching sites encountered similar numbers of items at each site although the distribution of individual items was different. Conclusions: The Surgical Clinical Checklist provides a valuable measurement tool to assess student experiences on their surgical clerkship and can be used to direct future teaching initiatives.
Investigation of electrochromic properties of nanocrystalline tungsten oxide thin film

Abstract Thin films of tungsten oxide were grown by organometallic chemical vapor deposition (OMCVD) using tetra(allyl)tungsten, W(η3-C3H5)4. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed amorphous films at substrate temperatures (Ts) 350°C. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed grain sizes in the range 20–40 nm. In situ electrochemical reduction of WO3.2/ITO (2.0 M HCl) produced a faint blue color in less than 1 s. The maximum coloration efficiency (CE) was found to be 22 cm2/mC at 630 nm. The density of the films decreases from 4.53 to 4.29 g/cm3 after annealing. An optical bandgap (Eg) of ∼3.2 eV was estimated for both as-deposited and annealed films.
Effect of Strip Size on Neutral Angle during a Novel Semisolid Shearing-Rolling Process

Based on the SCR process, semisolid shearing-rolling process was proposed. Effect of strip size on neutral angle during the process was analyzed. Neutral angle decreases gradually with the increment of the strip width. When the strip width is less than 40 mm, the neutral angle decreases more obviously with the increment of the strip width. When the strip width is greater than 40 mm, the neutral angle decreases slowly with the increment of the strip width. The neutral angle decreases gradually with the decrease of the strip thickness. Neutral angle is mainly affected by the strip thickness.
Resident Sign-Out and Patient Hand-Offs: Opportunities for Improvement

Background: Inpatient care is characterized by multiple transitions of patient care responsibilities. In most residency programs trainees manage transitions via verbal, written, or combined methods of communication termed “sign-out.” Often sign-out occurs without standardization or supervision. Purpose: The purpose was to assess daily sign-out with a goal of identifying aspects of this process most in need of improvement. Methods: This was a prospective, observational cohort study of interns’ sign-out conducted by industrial engineering students. Daily sign-out was analyzed for inclusion of multiple criteria and scored on organization (on a scale of 0–4) based on how effectively written information was conveyed. Results: We observed 124 unique verbal and written sign-outs. We found that 99% of sign-outs included a general hospital course. Sign-outs were well organized with a mean of 3.1, though substantial variation was noted (SD = 0.8). Directions for anticipated patient events were included in only 42% ...
The Response of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells to Physiologically and Chemically Induced Growth Arrest

Abstract Cells respond to a variety of stresses by activating the transcription of a battery of “acute phase” or “stress response” genes. The nature of this response is tailored to the nature of the stress. The extent to which physiologically and pathophysiologically induced growth arrest share common genomic responses is unclear. We therefore compared the effects of a physiologically induced (serum and nutrient depletion) and a chemically induced (2-Br-bis-(GSyl)HQ and 2-Br-6-(GSyl)HQ) stress in renal tubular epithelial cells (LLC-PK1). The response to physiological stress, induced by serum depletion, involves growth arrest characterized by an inhibition of DNA synthesis that occurs in the absence of a decrease in histone mRNA or an increase in gadd153 mRNA, one of the growth arrest and DNA damage inducible genes. In contrast, the chemical-induced stress involves growth arrest accompanied by a decrease in histone mRNA, particularly core histone H2B and H2A mRNA, and the induction of gadd153 Chemical-induced changes in histone mRNA inversely correlate to changes in the expression of a stress gene, hsp70, whose expression is dependent upon the maintenance of appropriate nucleosomal structure.
Erratum to: Against Spiritual Ecology: Reply to Sponsel's Comments

In the second paragraph of the first page, the sentence that states: “Likewise, there is no inaccuracy in my stating that some of the chapters in Sponsel’s book (2012), ike the one on the Burning Man festivals of the Nevada desert (chap. 17), have no clear relevance to an exposition of spiritual ecology or to the outline of its “intellectual history” which Sponsel (2012: xix) claims to be giving. ” contains a mistake. The word “ike” should be corrected to “like”. The sentence should read: “Likewise, there is no inaccuracy in my stating that some of the chapters in Sponsel’s book (2012), like the one on the Burning Man festivals of the Nevada desert (chap. 17), have no clear relevance to an exposition of spiritual ecology or to the outline of its “intellectual history” which Sponsel (2012: xix) claims to be giving. ” The sentence that begins: “Thus, contrary to the premise, an article by Drew (2012) shows...points being made by 1998 and Alley 2000, cited by Drew,...” in the second paragraph of the first page, the author name in the citation 1998 is missing. It shoud read: “Thus, contrary to the premise, an article by Drew (2012) shows...points being made by Nagaranjan 1998 and Alley 2000, cited by Drew,...” Also, the nameNagaranjan, V. R. was incorrectly written as Nagaraan, V. R. in the reference list. The correct reference is provided here:
Improving power flow in multiple-cathode magnetically insulated transmission lines

Summary form only given. Multiple-cathode magnetically insulated transmission lines (MITLs) are voltage-addition devices that topologically fall into one of three categories: (1) two MITLs feeding into one final MITL, any polarity; (2) three, or more, MITLs feeding into a final MITL, negative polarity, and (3) three, or more, MITLs feeding into a final MITL, positive polarity. A single cathode (main cathode) extends into all voltage sections of the system in categories (1) and (2). This allows a natural division of the electron flow (electrons emitted from any part of the main cathode) and injected flow (electrons emitted from any other cathode). How to optimize the locally emitted flow for maximum flow impedance has been considered. Maintaining the MITL flow impedance above the load impedance allows maximum power coupling. A figure that illustrates electron charge density contours in a self-limited category-(1) adder is presented.
Differential regulation of astrocyte TNF-alpha expression by the cytokines TGF-beta, IL-6 and IL-10.

In this study, we demonstrate that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression by primary rat astrocytes. Treatment of astrocytes with TGF-beta alone had no effect on TNF-alpha expression, however, TGF-beta suppressed induction of TNF-alpha expression at both the protein and mRNA level. In contrast, IL-10 and IL-6 both inhibited TNF-alpha protein expression by astrocytes, but had no effect on mRNA levels. The extent of IL-6-mediated inhibition was greatest when astrocytes were pretreated with IL-6 for 12-24 hr, then exposed to the inducing stimuli, while IL-10 was an effective inhibitor even when added simultaneously with the inducing stimuli. Collectively, these data indicate that TGF-beta, IL-6 and IL-10 are all capable of inhibiting TNF-alpha expression by astrocytes, although these immunosuppressive cytokines act at different levels of gene expression; i.e. TGF-beta at the transcriptional level and IL-10/IL-6 at the translational level. These results indicate that TGF-beta, IL-6 and IL-10 are important regulators of cytokine production by astrocytes under inflammatory conditions in the brain, and can contribute to controlling the production of detrimental cytokines such as TNF-alpha.
Historic Overview of the AACC Competencies.

This chapter examines the development of the AACC competencies by providing a historical backdrop of their development and the specific steps involved in their creation. Also, a review of current leadership demands offers an opportunity to reflect on the application of competencies for today's leaders.
Effects of baclofen on nigral dopaminergic cell activity following acute and chronic haloperidol treatment

Abstract Baclofen, a GABA derivative, has proven useful in the treatment of spasticity when given in low doses. Despite numerous studies its mechanism of action remains unclear. For example, baclofen has been found to inhibit dopaminergic cell activity but only at dosages over 50 times the antispasticity dose. Using extracellular single unit recording techniques, we have examined the effects of baclofen on the activity of rat nigral dopaminergic neurons and its interaction with haloperidol. Both acute and chronic haloperidol treatment significantly enhance the inhibitory effects of IV baclofen on these cells. Acute haloperidol pretreatment potentiates the inhibitory effects of single low doses of baclofen without significantly altering the dose response curve for baclofen, whereas chronic haloperidol treatment apparently potentiates both effects. Furthermore, low doses ofbaclofen reverse the depolarization inactivation of nigral DA cells caused by chronic haloperidol treatment. These results are discussed in relation to the action of baclofen on nigral inputs and its possible efficacy in the relief of some neuroleptic-induced side effects.
Ontogeny of the color pattern on the wings ofPrecis coenia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Histological studies of wing epidermis ofPrecis coenia revealed that scale-forming cells always occurred in straight parallel rows, normal to the proximodistal axis of the wing. Rows of scale-forming cells were separated by bands of smaller undifferentiated epidermal cells. Rows of scale-forming cells appear to be formed byin situ differentiation, not by migration. The pigments that make up the color pattern on the wing are synthesized exclusively in the scales. Evidence is presented that the entire color pattern of this species is made up of four differently colored melanins and that the enzymes for specific melanin synthesis are incorporated in insoluble form in the cuticle of the scales. Pigment synthesis evidently begins when the substrates for melanization are supplied via the circulatory system. The four melanins are not synthesized simultaneously but appear on the wing surface in a precisely timed and stereotyped sequence. Two contrasting models for local control over patterned pigment synthesis are discussed.
The Internet and College Students' Motivation to Vote

As a new national election cycle begins, looking at voters’ motivation becomes the forefront of thought among politicians. This research investigates the impact of the political information available on-line on college students’ motivation to vote. The results illustrate that not only politicians, but educators should be cognizant of this civic engagement process. Schools and teachers of all levels are one the front lines of the battle to create a more informed, more involved citizenry; higher education has a strong influence on motivation to vote. Though speculation abounds regarding the information age, new access to information via technology simply does not have the impact that many, especially in the media would like to imagine. In reality, it is the educator that has the largest role in predicting college students’ motivation to vote.
Defining, Teaching, and Evaluating Cultural Proficiency in the Foreign Language Classroom

: Over the past few decades, the foreign language teaching profession has significantly altered its understanding and practice of culture teaching. Important strides have been made toward recognizing the development of cultural proficiency in learners as one of the primary missions of the foreign language classroom. The authors of this article consider recent work that has moved the profession closer to a broadly embraced but clear definition of cultural proficiency and propose a model for culture teaching that responds to this definition. They focus especially on evaluation, that is, classroom testing and proficiency assessment — the latter extending beyond the confines of a single course.
HFS constants of Be I 1s22s2p 3p0, B I 1s22s2p24P and B I 1s22s2p22D obtained from the non-closed shell many-electron theory for excited states

Abstract Using the non-closed shell many-electron theory for excited states of Sinanoǧlu we compute the hyperfine structure constants of Be I 1s22s2p 3P0, B I 1s22s2p24P and B I 1s22s2p22D. The quadrupole moment of 9Be is also newly determined to be, Q = 0.05494 barns.
Free software in education; a case study of CWP/SU; Seismic Un*x

A silent revolution has been altering the way universities work with computer technology. This is the revolution of free software, a sweeping movement that has been accelerated by the ease of communication provided by the Internet. I am fortunate to be a participant in one small part of this revolution that relates to seismic processing and education in geophysics.
Hemangioblasts, angioblasts, and adult endothelial cell progenitors

After decades of speculation, proof of embryonic hemangioblasts finally emerged a few years ago. Surprisingly, at about the same time, evidence for adult hemangioblasts began to appear, and recent single-cell bone marrow transplants have confirmed their existence. Embryonic and adult hemangioblasts appear to share antigenic determinants, including CD34, ACC133, and VEGFR2, although their phenotype may be plastic. They also respond to similar factors, prominent among them vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In the adult, hemangioblasts reside principally in the bone marrow, although they may subsequently leave that niche to reside in nonhematopoietic tissues. A number of studies indicate that these cells or their progeny may be a significant source of endothelial cells in adult pathologic and nonpathologic vascularization, and may participate in vascular repair. In addition to hemangioblasts, a more differentiated source of endothelial cell progenitors may be present in the blood, namely, monocytes or monocytic-like cells. The relative importance of the two cell types in vivo is not clear, though endothelial cells derived from the two sources may not be identical, and hemangioblasts seem to provide a stimulus for differentiation of the monocytes. Treatment with exogenous bone marrow-derived cells can promote neovascularization, accelerate restoration of blood flow to ischemic tissues, and improve cardiac function after infarct. Hence, there is great hope that either alone, in combination with angiogenic factors, or as gene therapy vectors, we can harness these cells to treat ischemic and vascular diseases in the relatively near future. Anat Rec Part A 276A:13–21, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Tidal disruption of a star in the Schwarzschild spacetime: Relativistic effects in the return rate of debris

Motivated by an improved multiwavelength observational coverage of the transient sky, we investigate the importance of relativistic effects in disruptions of stars by nonspinning black holes (BHs). This paper focuses on calculating the ballistic rate of return of debris to the BH as this rate is commonly assumed to be proportional to the light curve of the event. We simulate the disruption of a low mass main sequence star by BHs of varying masses ($1{0}^{5},1{0}^{6},1{0}^{7}{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$) and of a white dwarf by a $1{0}^{5}{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$ BH. Based on the orbital energy as well as angular momentum of the debris, we infer the orbital distribution and estimate the return rate of the debris following the disruption. We find two signatures of relativistic disruptions: a gradual rise as well as a delayed peak in the return rate curves relative to their Newtonian analogs. Assuming that the return rates are proportional to the light curves, we find that relativistic effects are in principle measurable given the cadence and sensitivity of the current transient sky surveys. Accordingly, using a simple model of a relativistic encounter with a Newtonian parametric fit of the peak leads to an overestimate in the BH mass by a factor of $\ensuremath{\sim}\text{few}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}0.1$ and $\ensuremath{\sim}\text{few}$ in the case of the main sequence star and white dwarf tidal disruptions, respectively.
La riforma liturgica conciliare e la sopravvivenza del Vaticano II: a proposito del “dialogo” coi lefebvriani - DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2011v9n24p1030

La riforma liturgica conciliare e la sopravvivenza del Vaticano II: a proposito del “dialogo” coi lefebvriani (The Liturgical Reform of the Council and the Future of Vatican II: About the “Dialogue” with the Lefebvrites) Riassunto Gli ultimi anni hanno visto emergere una nostalgia per la liturgia pre-conciliare e il tentativo di reintegrare nella comunione con Roma i seguaci di Mons. Lefebvre, anche a spese della riforma liturgica conciliare. Ma la liturgia del Vaticano II e parte integrante del messaggio teologico del Vaticano II; il contenuto teologico della riforma liturgica e essenziale per il contenuto principale del Vaticano II; la liturgia del Vaticano II e costituzionalmente necessaria per la sopravvivenza teologica del Vaticano II. Tornare indietro rispetto alla riforma liturgica del Vaticano II porta allo smantellamento della chiesa del Vaticano II: e per questo che e necessario comprendere le connessioni profonde tra la costituzione conciliare Sacrosanctum Concilium, la riforma liturgica e la teologia del Vaticano II nella sua interezza, e in particolare rispetto alle questioni del “ressourcement”, dell’ecclesiologia della riforma liturgica, e del “rapprochement” espresso dal concilio. Su questo ultimo punto del “rapprochement” in particolare la questione lefebvriana getta una luce sull’importanza della riforma liturgica conciliare e dei suoi rapporti col messaggio conciliare nella sua interezza e integrita. Parole chiave : Liturgy. Vatican II. Sacrosanctum Concilium. Lefebvre Abstract In recent years we have seen the emergence of a nostalgia for the pre-conciliar liturgy and the attempt to reintegrate into communion with Rome the followers of Archbishop Lefebvre, even at the expense of the liturgical reform of Vatican II. But the liturgy of Vatican II is an integral part of the theological message of Vatican II; the theological content of the liturgical reform is essential to the main content of Vatican II. The liturgy of Vatican II is essential for the survival of the theology of Vatican II. Going back to the pre-Vatican II liturgy means the dismantling of the church of Vatican II: that's why we need to understand the deep connection between the constitution Sacrosanctum Concilium, the liturgical reform of Vatican II and the theology of the council in its entirety, and particularly with respect to issues of "ressourcement" and "rapprochement" expressed by the council. Keywords : Liturgy. Vatican II. Sacrosanctum Concilium. Lefebvre
Antibody and Cell Mediated Immunity in Corticosteroid-treated Chicks

Abstract ANTIBODY-MEDIATED immunity is controlled by the bursa of Fabricius in the chicken (Cooper et al., 1966; and Glick et al., 1956). The bursa will involute in the presence of sex steroids, corticosteroids, or ACTH (Glick, 1964). Recently Glick (1967 Recently Glick (1969) reported that cortisone acetate or testosterone propionate administered to the chick during the first 4–5 days after hatching will delay maturation of the humoral immune response. Neonatal administration of steroids may have produced a chemical bursectomy at a critical period in immunological development. Also, injection of Cortisol acetate or prednisolone into neonatal mice or rats will impair future antibody production (Branceni and Arnason, 1966; Schapiro and Huppert, 1967; and Schlesinger and Mark, 1964). Chicks receiving a skin graft at 6 days of age and injected daily with corticosterone from hatch to 5 weeks of age maintained the homograft (Aspinall and Meyer, 1964) while precipitin or natural hemagglutinin production was…
Determination of the maximum scan-gain contours of a beam-scanning paraboloid and their relation to the Petzval surface

The scan-plane fields in the focal region of a beam-scanning paraboloid are determined from physical optics. Amplitude and phase contours are presented, and comparisons are made with the geometrical-optics results. Contours for maximum scan-gain are determined as a function of F/D and illumination taper and compared with the Petzval surface. Unless the F/D is very large or spillover is excessive, a higher scan gain is achieved when the axis of a directional feed is parallel to the axis of the reflector than when the feed is directed toward the vertex. The contour of maximum scan-gain is a function of both illumination taper and F/D . In general, larger F/D values tend to have a maximum-gain contour close to the focal plane, while the smaller F/D values tend to have a maximum-gain contour closer to the Petzval surface. Increasing the illumination taper moves the maximum-gain contour closer to the Petzval surface. Normalized maximum-gain contours are presented as a function of beamwidths of scan. The frequency dependence of these results is discussed.
Integrated acoustooptic modules for interferometric RF spectrum analyzers

An integrated acoustooptic (AO) module that consists of a wideband AO Bragg cell, a wide-angle ion-milled concave Bragg grating lens, and a large-aperture titanium-indiffusion proton-exchange lens has been realized in a y-cut LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguide 1*8*16 mm/sup 3/ in size and used to perform interferometric RF spectrum analysis. This module has provided a bandwidth of 205 MHz centered at 350 MHz and single-tone instantaneous and two-tone, third-order spurious-free dynamic ranges of 50 and 40 dB, respectively, at 1.0 mW of 0.6328- mu m laser power and a drive power of 50 mW per RF signal. A pair of such basic AO modules has been integrated in a common LiNbO/sub 3/ substrate 1*10*16 mm/sup 3/ in size to facilitate measurement of the phase difference, and thus the angle of arrival, of RF signals. >