cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Young Cluster NGC 2362

An Hα emission survey of the young cluster NGC 2362 resulted in the detection of 130 Hα emission stars in an 11' × 11' field approximately centered on the fourth magnitude O9 Ib multiple star τ CMa. The survey was carried out using the wide-field grism spectrograph on the University of Hawaii 2.2 m telescope and the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) on Gemini North. Deep optical VRCIC (to V ~ 23.0) and near-infrared (NIR) photometry (JHK) to K ~ 16 were obtained for several fields within the cluster. Spectra covering the 6000–8000 A region at a resolution of R ~ 3000 (adequate for the determination of Li I λ6708 line strengths) were also acquired for ~200 pre-main-sequence (PMS) candidates with GMOS. Ages and masses for the Hα emitters in NGC 2362 were inferred from the isochrones and evolutionary tracks of D'Antona & Mazzitelli, as well as those of Baraffe et al. An estimated cluster age of ~1.8 Myr follows from the models of D'Antona & Mazzitelli and 3.5–5.0 Myr from those of Baraffe et al. The fraction of the T Tauri star (TTS) population that is composed of weak-line emitters, f(WTTS), is 0.91, compared with 0.43 for the TTS population of NGC 2264. On the basis of W(Hα) alone, the fraction of TTSs still undergoing accretion is 5%–9%, comparable to the inner disk fraction determined from JHKL-band excesses by Haisch and coworkers (12%). Approximately 15% of the PMS sample in this study exhibits possible NIR excess, having EH-K > 0.1 mag. Given the lack of NIR excess and strong Hα emission from the majority of cluster members, it is inferred that the inner disk regions of the TTS population have dissipated significantly. The mean level of chromospheric activity among the WTTS population of NGC 2362 is log(LHα/Lbol) = -3.65, significantly greater than that of the low-mass population of the 600 Myr old Hyades cluster, log(LHα/Lbol) = -3.90. The total mass of the Hα emitters and the OB stellar population of NGC 2362 defines a lower limit for the cluster mass of ~300 M⊙. Allowance for A- and F-type stars still on the radiative track, multiplicity, outlying members, and the low-mass population lying below the completeness limit of the Hα emission survey increases this lower limit to well over 500 M⊙. The derived relaxation, disruption, and evaporation timescales for the cluster imply that NGC 2362 will likely survive beyond the age of the Pleiades, but statistics of galactic cluster lifetimes favor its disruption well before the age of the Hyades.
Timing of replication of the satellite and main band DNAs in cells of the kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii).

Abstract In the kangaroo rat ( D. ordii ) the replication of the nuclear satellite DNAs (comprising 60% of the total nuclear DNA) occupies the second half of the S period. Some of the results indicate that the different satellites are replicated in a fixed sequence within the second half of S. Auto-radiographic studies show that the DNA replicated in first half of S (non-satellite) is located in many of the chromosomes only in the longer arms. The reciprocal pattern is obtained with labelling in the second half of S. In view of the replication of satellite DNA in the second half of S, this leads to the conclusion that the shorter arms of chromosomes (plus the kinetochore) are largely if not entirely composed of satellite DNA. At least one chromosome may contain only satellite DNA. The heterochromatin pattern (Giemsa staining) of metaphase chromosomes is essentially identical with the labelling pattern of the second half of S. We conclude that the satellite DNAs of D. ordii are non-randomly distributed within the chromosome and are responsible for the pattern of heterochromatin of metaphase chromosomes.
Scalable PGAS metadata management on extreme scale systems

Programming models intended to run on exascale systems have a number of challenges to overcome, specially the sheer size of the system as measured by the number of concurrent software entities created and managed by the underlying runtime. It is clear from the size of these systems that any state maintained by the programming model has to be strictly sub-linear in size, in order not to overwhelm memory usage with pure overhead. A principal feature of Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) models is providing easy access to global-view distributed data structures. In order to provide efficient access to these distributed data structures, PGAS models must keep track of metadata such as where array sections are located with respect to processes/threads running on the HPC system. As PGAS models and applications become ubiquitous on very large trans-pet scale systems, a key component to their performance and scalability will be efficient and judicious use of memory for model overhead (metadata) compared to application data. We present an evaluation of several strategies to manage PGAS metadata that exhibit different space/time tradeoffs. We use two real-world PGAS applications to capture metadata usage patterns and gain insight into their communication behavior.
Enthalpies of formation of cis- and trans-1,2-diethylcyclopropane and cis- and trans-bicyclo[6.1.0.]nonane. Structural effects on energies of cyclopropane rings

The enthalpies of formation of cis- and trans-1,2-diethylcyclopropane were determined by oxygen bomb calimetry. The cis-diethyl isomer was 1.1 kcal/mol less stable than the trans isomer. Alkyl groups were found to stabilize a cyclopropane ring by the same amount as for a carbon-carbon double bond. The enthalpies of formation cis- and trans-bicyclo(6.1,0)nonane formation, in contrast to cis- and trans-cyclooctene. The introduction of a trigonal center makes the trans-bicyclononane 3 kcal/mol less stable than the cis isomer. Molecular mechanics calculations are reported for a series of cis- and trans-bicyclo(n.1,0) alkanes. In order to better estimate the strain energy of trans-bicyclo(4.1.0) heptane, the difference in energy between it and its cis isomer was calculated via ab initio-molecular orbital theory.
Pulmonary infection due to Torulopsis glabrata; report of a case treated with flucytosine.

A case of pulmonary infection due to Torulopsis glabrata in a 43-year-old man without other known pulmonary or systemic disease is described. The diagnosis was made from multiple positive sputum cultures. After treatment with flucytosine for 21 months, there was marked symp tomatic improvement and radiographic clearing, but sputum cultures continued to yield a few colonies of T glabrata.
Comparison of a one-time educational intervention to a teach-to-goal educational intervention for self-management of heart failure: design of a randomized controlled trial.

Heart failure (HF) is common, costly and associated with significant morbidity and poor quality of life, particularly for patients with low socioeconomic status. Self-management training has been shown to reduce HF related morbidity and hospitalization rates, but there is uncertainty about how best to deliver such training and what patients benefit. This study compares a single session self-management HF training program against a multiple session training intervention and examines whether their effects differ by literacy level. In this randomized controlled multi-site trial, English and Spanish-speaking patients are recruited from university-affiliated General Internal Medicine and Cardiology clinics at 4 sites across the United States. Eligible patients have HF with New York Heart Association class II-IV symptoms and are prescribed a loop diuretic. Baseline data, including literacy level, are collected at enrollment and follow-up surveys are conducted at 1, 6 and 12 months Upon enrollment, both the control and intervention groups receive the same 40 minute, literacy-sensitive, in-person, HF education session covering the 4 key self-management components of daily self assessment and having a plan, salt avoidance, exercise, and medication adherence. All participants also receive a literacy-sensitive workbook and a digital bathroom scale. After the baseline education was completed, patients are randomly allocated to return to usual care or to receive ongoing education and training. The intervention group receives an additional 20 minutes of education on weight and symptom-based diuretic self-adjustment, as well as periodic follow-up phone calls from the educator over the course of 1 year. These phone calls are designed to reinforce the education, assess participant knowledge of the education and address barriers to success. The primary outcome is the combined incidence of all cause hospitalization and death. Secondary outcomes include HF-related quality of life, HF-related hospitalizations, knowledge regarding HF, self-care behavior, and self-efficacy. The effects of each intervention will be stratified by patient literacy, in order to identify any differential effects. Enrollment of the proposed 660 subjects will continue through the end of 2009. Outcome assessments are projected to be completed by early 2011. ClinicalTrials.gov http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ NCT00378950
cDNA Cloning and Characterization of an Atrophin-1 (DRPLA Disease Gene)-Related Protein

Abstract Dentatorubral and pallidoluylsian atrophy (DRPLA) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by neuronal degeneration, especially in the cerebellar dentate nucleus. DRPLA is caused by an unstable expansion of a CAG trinucleotide repeat coding for glutamine in a gene of unknown function, termed atrophin-1, located on chromosome 12. To gain additional understanding of atrophin-1, we have isolated a second member of the atrophin-1 gene family by screening rat cDNA libraries. The 1006-amino-acid product of this gene, which we have termed rat atrophin related protein(rARP), does not contain a glutamine repeat, but it does contain two regions of alternating acidic and basic amino residues similar to those found in atrophin-1. rARP is widely expressed as both a 7.4- and a 9.4-kb message, with enrichment in cerebellum and testis. Like atrophin-1, the rARPin vitrotranslation product migrates more slowly on SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis than predicted by molecular weight. We conclude that, at least in the rat, polyglutamine is not an essential feature of the atrophin family of genes.
Relationships among ferroelectric fatigue, electronic charge trapping, defect-dipoles, and oxygen vacancies in perovskite oxides

Abstract Using electron paramagnetic resonance, it is shown that the reduction of the switchable polarization in BaTiO3 crystals by repeated polarization reversals (fatigue) is accompanied by the trapping of electronic charge at isolated acceptor impurities and atomic scale distortions in the perovskite oxygen octahedron. The distortions are proposed to entail nearby oxygen vacancies. Our results suggest that the suppressed polarization state arises by trapping electronic charge carriers at domain walls; the trapped electronic charge can become thermally stabilized by fatigue-induced distortions in the oxygen octahedron. The octahedron distortions are shown to be unique to fatigue-induced degradation; they are not observed in BaTiO3 capacitors that have an optically-induced suppressed polarization state.
Nonanalyticity of Transport Coefficients and the Complete Density Expansion of Momentum Correlation Functions

The complete "formal" density expansion of any momentum autocorrelation function\char22{}at any frequency\char22{}is derived from the density expansion of the generalized master equation. (The sth term in this expansion is explicitly defined in terms of the time-displacement operator of $s+1$ particles and involves the dynamics of $s+1$ isolated particles.) The entire derivation consists of only a few algebraic steps, and is valid for noncentral (polar) pair forces as well as central forces. It is then shown that the third and higher order terms in the zero-frequency limit of the density expansion diverge\char22{}although the first two terms and the entire sum coverage (the density expansion "breaks down"). This suggests that transport coefficients are not analytic functions of the density. It is suggested that a partial resummation (renormalization)\char22{}analogous to that used in the electron-gas problem\char22{}be used to calculate the nonanalytic behavior of transport coefficients.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Particulate Matter Health Effects Research Centers Program: a midcourse report of status, progress, and plans.

In 1998 Congress mandated expanded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) health effects research on ambient air particulate matter (PM) and a National Research Council (NRC) committee to provide research oversight. The U.S. EPA currently supports intramural and extramural PM research, including five academically based PM centers. The PM centers in their first 2.5 years have initiated research directed at critical issues identified by the NRC committee, including collaborative activities, and sponsored scientific workshops in key research areas. Through these activities, there is a better understanding of PM health effects and scientific uncertainties. Future PM centers research will focus on long-term effects associated with chronic PM exposures. This report provides a synopsis of accomplishments to date, short-term goals (during the next 2.5 years) and longer-term goals. It consists of six sections: biological mechanisms, acute effects, chronic effects, dosimetry, exposure assessment, and the specific attributes of a coordinated PM centers program.
Approximate Analytical Wavefunctions for Certain States of Nd3

Approximate analytical self‐consistent field wavefunctions were calculated for the ground state and for certain excited states of the laser‐active ion Nd3 +. The following states of the 4f3 configuration of Nd3 + were covered by our calculations: 4S, 4D, 4F, 4G, and 4I. For the purpose of this work we combined the minimum and the saturated basis set approximations. All the orbital exponents were accurately optimized. The d orbitals, and particularly the 4f orbital, were calculated unusually accurately. Except the optically unaffected orbitals 1s, 2s, and 2p, all the orbitals of the s, p, d, and f symmetries exhibited zero deviation (to five decimals) from the tail nodal extinction. The virial theorem was always satisfied to at least five significant figures.
Ionic and Charge-Displacement Currents Evoked by Temperature Jumps in Xenopus Oocytes

Membrane currents were recorded in voltage-clamped oocytes of Xenopus laevis. Currents were produced in response to temperature jumps imposed by a heating lamp. Responses were larger when the animal (pigmented) hemisphere of the oocyte was illuminated as compared to the vegetal hemisphere; they arose because of a thermal effect as they were attenuated by removal of infrared wavelengths. The temperature jump responses comprised two distinct components: (i) a slow maintained current, which inverted direction at a membrane potential of about -25 mV and, (ii) a fast transient current, which at all potentials examined (-160 to +30 mV), was inward at the onset of a light flash and outward at the offset. The slow component probably arises through temperature-dependent changes in the 'leakage' current of the oocyte, and measurements of reversal potentials in solutions of different ionic composition indicated that currents carried by Na+ and H+ ions contribute to the response. In contrast, the fast component was not altered by changes in composition of the bathing solution. This observation, together with the finding that the charge movements associated with the on and off transients were of similar magnitude, suggest that the fast current may arise because of the displacement of charges across the plasma membrane.
A Versatile Design Strategy for Thin Composite Planar Double-Sided High-Impedance Surfaces

A novel methodology is introduced for the design synthesis of thin planar realizations of volumetric high-impedance or artificial magnetic conducting surfaces (AMC). The design synthesis involves optimization of two different metallic frequency selective surface (FSS) type structures printed on each side of a thin dielectric substrate material. This technique eliminates the need for a complete metallic backplane common in conventional AMC designs, making use of the same dielectric substrate for two high-impedance surfaces; one on each side. Optimization of the FSS unit cell geometries is carried out with a robust genetic algorithm (GA) technique that is combined with a full-wave periodic finite element boundary integral (PFEBI) electromagnetic simulation code for fast and accurate optimization of desired AMC performance at a single frequency or over multiple frequency bands. Several examples of thin AMC ground planes are optimized for use in the X-band. Additional design examples that provide AMC behavior on one side and absorber behavior on the other are also provided. Lastly, an example illustrating the utility of the double-sided AMC separator structure is shown for a design targeting the standard Wi-Fi frequencies of 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz.
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey`s use of the Web

Abstract Fermilab, as one of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey collaborators, primarily uses the World-Wide Web to disseminate information about project software and software engineering practices.
Counseling the patient with regional metastasis of prostate cancer.

Background. Treatment options for all stages of prostate cancer are a source of considerable debate; patients with regional nodal metastases have been advised to undergo a wide range of therapies from observation with delayed endocrine treatment to an aggressive combination of radical prostatectomy (RP), radiation therapy (RT), and hormonal treatment. Results. In the absence of reliable data to confirm the wisest choice, a clinician must counsel the patient based on treatment morbidity, the best estimate of efficacy, and an appreciation of the patient's individual desires regarding treatment
The preservation of self in everyday life: The effects of performance expectations and feedback context on feedback inquiry

Abstract This paper examines the roles of performance expectations, feedback context, and self-esteem in feedback inquiry. Seventy-eight subjects participated in a stock market simulation. Results showed that performance expectations and the public context in which the subjects sought feedback significantly influenced the frequency of feedback inquiry. However, these effects depended on type of feedback (personal performance vs social comparison) being requested and additionally were influenced by self-esteem of the feedback seeker.
Alcune soluzioni esatte delle equazioni della magnetofluidodinamica per il moto stazionario di un fluido viscoso, incomprimibile e a conducibilità elettrica finita

With regard to the non-linear equations of Magneto-Fluid Dynamics in this paper we examine the steady, axially symmetric motion of an incompressible, homogeneous, viscous and electrically conducting fluid when such a fluid moves also around the axis of symmetry. We give some classes of exact solutions and then we generalize the problem taking also in account the Hall effect.
Pressure dependence of deep centers in II–VI semiconductors: Theory

Abstract In contrast to shallow acceptors or donors levels, the binding energies of deep impurity levels are sensitive to pressure. Transitions between shallow and deep levels can often be induced by pressure and useful information on energy levels and structural metastabilities can be derived. It is not generally well known that pressure has an opposite effect on deep donor states than on deep acceptor states. In both III–VI and II–VI semiconductors, pressure increases the binding energy of deep donors with respect to the Γ lc conduction band and, at sufficiently high pressures, can make the effective-mass state unstable relative to a deep state. In contrast, the results of recent experiments by Weinstein and co-authors [ High-Pressure Science and Technology , Vol. 1, p. 141, Plenum, NY (1979); J. Crystal Growth 138, 318 (1994); Phys. Rev. B (submitted)] show that the binding energies of deep acceptor states in ZnSe decrease with pressure. In this paper we present the results of ab initio pseudopotential calculations on the pressure dependence of the shallow and deep levels of Al, Ga and In donor impurities in CdTe, and of As and P acceptor impurities in ZnSe. The experimental results are proposed to arise from an upward shift in the energies of both the valence and conduction band edges with pressure. Deep states have a large degree of atomic-like character and tend to have a smaller pressure dependence than the band edges. The upward shift of the band edges, therefore, increases the binding energies of deep donors and decreases those of deep acceptors.
Glucose alters rat liver S9-mediated mutagenesis, metabolism and DNA-binding of aflatoxin B1.

Abstract The administration of 30% glucose in drinking water to rats for 48 h caused a significant increase in the hepatic S9-mediated mutagenicity of aflatoxin B 1 , in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and in the binding of aflatoxin B 1 , to calf thymus DNA in vitro. These effects correlated with a reduction in the metabolism and detoxification of aflatoxin B 1 , by S9 from glucose-treated rats and suggest that the oral intake of sugar may affect the hepatocarcinogenicity of aflatoxin B 1 .
Conditioned placebo analgesia persists when subjects know they are receiving a placebo.

Abstract Belief in the effectiveness of a placebo treatment is widely thought to be critical for placebo analgesia. Many types of placebo responses—even those that depend on conditioning—appear to be mediated by expectations that are strengthened as treatment cues are reinforced with positive outcomes. However, placebo effects may occur even when participants are aware they are receiving a placebo. To address the question of whether conditioned placebo analgesia can persist in the absence of expectations, we studied the effects of long (4 days) versus short (1 day) conditioning to a placebo treatment. After an initial placebo test, a “reveal” manipulation convincingly demonstrated to participants that they had never received an active drug. Placebo analgesia persisted after the reveal in the long conditioning group only. These findings suggest that reinforcing treatment cues with positive outcomes can create placebo effects that are independent of reported expectations for pain relief. Perspective This article demonstrates a form of placebo analgesia that relies on prior conditioning rather than current expected pain relief. This highlights the importance of prior experience on pain relief and offers insight into the variability of placebo effects across individuals.
Gamification: The Intersection between Behavior Analysis and Game Design Technologies.

Deterding et al. (Proceedings of the 15th International Academic MindTrek Conference: Envisioning Future Media Environments, USA 15: 9–15, 2011) report a recent rise in popularity of video game inspired software designed to address issues in a variety of areas, including health, energy conservation, education, and business. These applications have been based on the concept of gamification, which involves a process by which nongame activities are designed to be more like a game. We provide examples of how gamification has been used to increase health-related behavior, energy consumption, academic performance, and other socially-significant behavior. We argue that behavior analytic research and practice stands to benefit from incorporating successful elements of game design. Lastly, we provide suggestions for behavior analysts regarding applied and basic research related to gamification.
Acid-Triggered Release from Sterically Stabilized Fusogenic Liposomes via a Hydrolytic DePEGylation Strategy†

A novel acid-labile poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-conjugated lipid, (R)-1,2-di-O-(1‘Z,9‘Z-octadecadienyl)-glyceryl-3-(ω-methoxy-poly(ethylene glycolate, MW5000) (BVEP), a neutral PEG-derivatized analogue of diplasmenylcholine, has been used at low molar ratios to disperse the nonlamellar, fusogenic lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) as unilamellar liposomes. It was anticipated that acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the vinyl ether linkages would destabilize BVEP/DOPE liposomes by removal of the water-soluble, sterically stabilizing PEG layer, thereby promoting contents release and membrane−membrane fusion. This paper describes the hydrolysis rates, contents release rates, and fusion kinetics of BVEP-stabilized DOPE liposomes at 1:99, 3:97, and 5:95 molar ratios of BVEP/DOPE. Calcein leakage kinetics indicate that 3:97 BVEP/DOPE liposomes offer the best stability at pH 7.4 while retaining favorable leakage properties at pH 4.5 (t50%release ≈ 4 h). N-Rhodamine phosphatidylethanolamine/N-nit...
Knockdown of GnT-Va expression inhibits ligand-induced downregulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and intracellular signaling by inhibiting receptor endocytosis

Changes in the expression of N-glycan branching glycosyltransferases can alter cell surface receptor functions, involving their levels of cell surface retention, rates of internalization into the endosomal compartment, and subsequent intracellular signaling. To study in detail the regulation of signaling of the EGF receptor (EGFR) by GlcNAcbeta(1,6)Man branching, we utilized specific siRNA to selectively knockdown GnT-Va expression in the highly invasive human breast carcinoma line MDA-MB231, which resulted in the attenuation of its invasiveness-related phenotypes. Compared to control cells, ligand-induced downregulation of EGFR was significantly inhibited in GnT-Va-suppressed cells. This effect could be reversed by re-expression of GnT-Va, indicating that changes in ligand-induced receptor downregulation were dependent on GnT-Va activity. Knockdown of GnT-Va had no significant effect on c-Cbl mediated receptor ubiquitination and degradation, but did cause the inhibition of receptor internalization, showing that altered signaling and delayed ligand-induced downregulation of EGFR expression resulted from decreased EGFR endocytosis. Similar results were obtained with HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells treated with GnT-Va siRNA. Inhibited receptor internalization caused by the expression of GnT-Va siRNA appeared to be independent of galectin binding since decreased EGFR internalization in the knockdown cells was not affected by the treatment of the cells with lactose, a galectin inhibitor. Our results show that decreased GnT-Va activity due to siRNA expression in human carcinoma cells inhibits ligand-induced EGFR internalization, consequently resulting in delayed downstream signal transduction and inhibition of the EGF-induced, invasiveness-related phenotypes.
Expanding WTO membership and heterogeneous interests

In late 2004, the Consultative Board to the WTO Director General issued its report, ‘The Future of the WTO: Addressing the Institutional Challenges in the New Millennium’. As noted by the Director General in the foreword, a rationale for the report was that ‘there had been too little serious thinking on whether the institutional design and practice that had served the GATT so well would do the same for the WTO’. One of the specific questions raised was ‘Could the WTO with an enlarged membership at various levels of development continue to deliver results?’ (p. 2). The following reflection on the Consultative Board's report is motivated by the latter question, where ‘results’ is defined as promoting not just global economic welfare, but the development prospects of poor members.
Leptin and insulin pathways in POMC and AgRP neurons that modulate energy balance and glucose homeostasis

With the steady rise in the prevalence of obesity and its associated diseases, research aimed at understanding the mechanisms that regulate and control whole body energy homeostasis has gained new interest. Leptin and insulin, two anorectic hormones, have key roles in the regulation of body weight and energy homeostasis, as highlighted by the fact that several obese patients develop resistance to these hormones. Within the brain, the hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin and agouti-related protein neurons have been identified as major targets of leptin and insulin action. Many studies have attempted to discern the individual contributions of various components of the principal pathways that mediate the central effects of leptin and insulin. The aim of this review is to discuss the latest findings that might shed light on, and lead to a better understanding of, energy balance and glucose homeostasis. In addition, recently discovered targets and mechanisms that mediate hormonal action in the brain are highlighted.
Clinical impact of magnetic resonance imaging on Gamma Knife surgery for brain metastases

Object Stereotactic radiosurgery is beneficial for patients with a limited number of small brain metastases. Increased numbers of brain metastases, not infrequently at unreachable locations, are identified using thin-section magnetic resonance (MR) imaging on the day of Gamma Knife surgery (GKS). To improve patient selection and design better treatment strategies, a retrospective study was conducted to determine factors that may contribute to detecting additional brain metastases on the day of GKS. Methods A total of 100 patients with brain metastases who underwent GKS between October 2003 and May 2006 at the University of California Davis Medical Center were included in the present study. Patients were categorized by age, sex, Karnofsky Performance Scale score, status of systemic disease, histological characteristics of the primary tumor, and whether they received previous whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT). The number of lesions identified by diagnostic MR imaging at referral, by thin-section double-contra...
The effect of Ricean fading and partial-band interference on linear and noise-normalized fast frequency-hopped MFSK constant energy/hop receivers

An error probability analysis is performed for both a conventional and a noise-normalized combining noncoherent M-ary orthogonal frequency shift-keying (MFSK) receiver employing fast frequency-hopped (FFH) spread spectrum waveforms transmitted over a frequency-nonselective, slowly fading Ricean channel with partial-band interference. Each diversity reception is assumed to fade independently. The partial-band interference is modeled as a Gaussian process. The effects of wideband thermal noise are also included. The energy per hop is held constant; thus, as diversity increases, energy per symbol increases. Previous analyses considered only a constant energy per symbol, in which case the noise-normalized receiver results in a significant improvement an performance as compared to the conventional receiver. The difference in performance between the two receivers a constant energy per hop signaling scheme is investigated. >
Self-Reward, Self-Monitoring, and Self-Punishment as Feedback in Weight Control

A group of subjects who “punished” themselves for losing weight by paying money proportional to weight loss and a group who paid money irrespective of weight loss lost as much weight as a group who “rewarded” themselves for losing weight by taking money proportional to weight loss. The result calls into question the distinction between self-reward, self-punishment, and self-monitoring. The three procedures were equally effective as response feedback. Their differing incentive valences did not result in behavioral differences.
Managing the jaundiced newborn: a persistent challenge.

Pediatricians and family physicians deal regularly with jaundiced newborn infants who emerge unscathed from their transient exposure to an elevated serum bilirubin level. Yet, despite published guidelines for the management of neonatal jaundice, there are rare infants in whom bilirubin
The anatomical organization of the cerebello-olivary projection in the cat.

The cerebello-olivary pathway in the cat has been examined using orthograde and retrograde neuroanatomical tracing techniques. The orthograde transport of 3H-leucine from injection sites in the deep cerebellar nuclei labeled dentate and interpositus projections to the rostral two-thirds of the contralateral inferior olivary complex. These projections are topographically organized, with the dentate nucleus projecting to the principal olivary nucleus and the posterior and anterior interpositus nuclei projecting to the medial and dorsal accessory olives respectively. Fibers from the ventral half of the dentate nucleus terminate in the lateral bend and ventral lamina of the principal olive, whereas the medial and lateral parts of the dorsal half of the nucleus project to the medial and lateral regions of the dorsal lamina respectively. It is apparent that the more caudal parts of the interpositus nuclei project to areas of the medial and dorsal accessory olives near the caudal end of the principal olivary nucleus, whereas neurons in the more rostral parts of the interpositus nuclei project to the more rostral areas of the accessory olivary nuclei. A connection between the fastigial nucleus and the inferior olive could not be demonstrated. The retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from injections sites in the inferior olive labeled cells throughout the contralateral dentate and interpositus nuclei. The labeled cells were especially numerous in the ventral parts of the dentate and posterior interpositus nuclei. These HRP-positive neurons were consistently small (10–15 μ) ovoid or spindle-shaped cells, with relatively large nuclei and light-staining Nissl substance. This evidence strongly suggests that the cerebello-olivary pathway originates from a population of small neurons in the dentate and interpositus nuclei and projects to specific, topographically defined areas in the contralateral inferior olive.
Aggression in Suicide among Adults Age 50 and Over

Objective Aggression confers risk for suicide in younger adults, but there is a paucity of research in middle and older adults. The authors examined the link between aggression and suicide in individuals age 50 and over. Methods Scores on general aggression and aggression in the past month were compared in 85 cases and 85 community-comparison subjects matched on age, gender, race, and county of residence. Bivariate and multivariate tests controlling for mood disorders were conducted, along with analyses to examine age- or gender-related patterns. Results General aggression distinguished Suicide from Control subjects in men and women and in younger (50–64 years) and older (65-plus) subjects. General aggression was more strongly related to suicide in individuals under age 65. Aggression in the past month was also higher in Suicide than in Control subjects from the total sample but was not consistently higher across age and gender strata. General aggression and past-month aggression were not associated with suicide after controlling for mood disorders. Conclusions The association of general aggression and suicide extends to middle and older adulthood, and aggression may serve as a marker for suicide risk before the onset of depression.
Aminozucker‐Synthesen, XIV über D‐Glucosaminuronsäure

Durch eine abgekurzte Synthese der 2.6-Diamino-2.6-didesoxy-D-glucose aus D-Glucosaminuronsaure wird eine erhebliche Steigerung der Ausbeute erzielt. Je nach Losungsmittel und Art des verwendeten Katalysators laβt sich N-Cbo-3.4-diacetyl-benzyl-α-D-glucosaminiduronsaurenitril zu verschiedenen Produkten selektiv hydrieren. Es werden neue Derivate der D-Glucosaminuronsaure beschrieben.
The Dark Energy Survey Camera (DECam)

The Dark Energy Survey (DES) is a next generation optical survey aimed at understanding the expansion rate of the Universe using four complementary methods: weak gravitational lensing, galaxy cluster counts, baryon acoustic oscillations, and Type Ia supernovae. To perform the survey, the DES Collaboration is building the Dark Energy Camera (DECam), a 3 square degree, 570 Megapixel CCD camera that will be mounted at the prime focus of the Blanco 4-meter telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory. CCD production has finished, yielding roughly twice the required 62 2k x 4k detectors. The construction of DECam is nearly finished. Integration and commissioning on a 'telescope simulator' of the major hardware and software components, except for the optics, recently concluded at Fermilab. Final assembly of the optical corrector has started at University College, London. Some components have already been received at CTIO. 'First-light' will be sometime in 2012. This oral presentation concentrates on the technical challenges involved in building DECam (and how we overcame them), and the present status of the instrument.
TWENTY YEARS ON-CHANGES IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE

Changes in laboratory animal science in the 20 years since George Porter's death are reviewed, with particular emphasis on animal welfare. The need for a generally acceptable definition of animal welfare is emphasized and a new definition is propounded. The concept of stewardship as a basis for human-animal relationships is explored. This involves Man accepting his responsibility for his relationship with, and care of, animals while simultaneously accepting a moral responsibility to God, or others, for that care and relationship.
The sustainable growth rate: a 2014 update.

In April 2013 we reviewed the definition and historical development of the sustainable growth rate (SGR) formula that plagues the American healthcare system.1 We examined and contrasted a number of serious policy proposals designed to fix this broken system. Finally, we explored what at the time were late breaking estimates of the perceived diminution in cost of permanently fixing the SGR. As described in that foundational article, while there may have been a rational basis in developing the SGR to curb costs, in fact the SGR is at present a discredited approach. By design it is meant to restrain the growth of Medicare spending on physician services that critically links to the US gross domestic product (GDP).2–4 Current estimates are that application of the SGR formula would result in a diminution of professional fees for physicians accepting Medicare of 24.4% on 1 April 2014.2–4 We seek to update readers of JNIS on some meaningful developments related to the SGR discussion. On 26 December 2013, President Obama signed the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013 into law.5 This ‘fix’ is really a postponement of application of the SGR correction of 3 months; the irony being that the cuts are delayed to 1 April 2014. What is not a joke is that there was a pathway for the SGR Reform Act of 2013. There appears to be growing light at the end of the tunnel. The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013 established federal budget targets for 2014 and 2015 and, …
Faculty in Faith-Based Institutions: Participation in Decision-Making and Its Impact on Job Satisfaction

This study examined full-time faculty in Christian, faith-based colleges and universities and investigated the type of impact their participation in the decision-making process had on job satisfaction. Previous studies have examined relationships among faculty at state universities and community colleges, yet little research has been examined in the area of full-time faculty at faith-based universities. This study sampled 145 full-time faculties at faith-based universities and examined the demographic variables of gender, age, years of teaching experience, degree, rank and salary groups, and participation. Regression analysis indicated that there were no significant relationships, while t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no significant differences. Discussion of the findings focused on possible reasons these findings differ from those in studies investigating public colleges and universities.
High-frequency oscillations in human temporal lobe : simultaneous microwire and clinical macroelectrode recordings

Neuronal oscillations span a wide range of spatial and temporal scales that extend beyond traditional clinical EEG. Recent research suggests that high-frequency oscillations (HFO), in the ripple (80-250 Hz) and fast ripple (250-1000 Hz) frequency range, may be signatures of epileptogenic brain and involved in the generation of seizures. However, most research investigating HFO in humans comes from microwire recordings, whose relationship to standard clinical intracranial EEG (iEEG) has not been explored. In this study iEEG recordings (DC - 9000 Hz) were obtained from human medial temporal lobe using custom depth electrodes containing both microwires and clinical macroelectrodes. Ripple and fast-ripple HFO recorded from both microwires and clinical macroelectrodes were increased in seizure generating brain regions compared to control regions. The distribution of HFO frequencies recorded from the macroelectrodes was concentrated in the ripple frequency range, compared to a broad distribution of HFO frequencies recorded from microwires. The average frequency of ripple HFO recorded from macroelectrodes was lower than that recorded from microwires (143.3 +/- 49.3 Hz versus 116.3 +/- 38.4, Wilcoxon rank sum P<0.0001). Fast-ripple HFO were most often recorded on a single microwire, supporting the hypothesis that fast-ripple HFO are primarily generated by highly localized, sub-millimeter scale neuronal assemblies that are most effectively sampled by microwire electrodes. Future research will address the clinical utility of these recordings for localizing epileptogenic networks and understanding seizure generation.
Hyperkinetic Disorders in Childhood

Movement disorders in children are symptoms that can be caused by many different diseases. Movement disorders are typically classified into primary and secondary disorders [1]. Primary movement disorders are conditions in which the movement disorder is the major symptom of a genetic or presumed genetic disorder. Secondary movement disorders are conditions in which the movement disorder is an expression of an underlying disease that may include other signs and symptoms, and which may be due to an acquired injury, infection, toxin, or metabolic process. Most movement disorders in children are secondary. One of the particular complicating factors of movement disorders in childhood is that several different disorders may coexist in the same child, making diagnosis difficult. In addition, many different etiologies can lead to the same disorder, and the same etiology can lead to different movement disorders in different children, or in the same child at a different age. Nevertheless, a thorough understanding of the different types of movement disorder, their possible causes, and the different types of expression that may occur in children is essential to guiding clinical practice for both diagnosis and effective treatment.
Near-optimal oblivious routing on three-dimensional mesh networks

The increasing viability of three dimensional (3D) silicon integration technology has opened new opportunities for chip architecture innovations. One direction is in the extension of two-dimensional (2D) mesh-based tiled chip-multiprocessor architectures into three dimensions. In this paper, we focus on efficient routing algorithms for such 3D mesh networks. As in the case of 2D mesh networks, throughput and latency are important design metrics for routing algorithms. Existing routing algorithms suffer from either poor worst-case throughput (DOR , ROMM) or poor latency (VAL). Although the minimal routing algorithm O1TURN proposed in already achieves near-optimal worst-case throughput for the 2D case, the optimality result does not extend to higher dimensions. For 3D and higher dimensional meshes, the worst-case throughput of O1TURN degrades tremendously. The main contribution of this paper is the design of a new oblivious routing algorithm for 3D mesh networks called randomized partially-minimal (RPM) routing. RPM provably achieves optimal worst-case throughput for 3D meshes when the network radix k is even and within a factor of 1/k2 of optimal worst-case throughput when k is odd. RPM also outperforms VAL, DOR, ROMM, and O1TURN in average-case throughput by 33.3%, 111%, 47%, and 30%, respectively when averaged over one million random traffic patterns on an 8 times 8 times 8 topology. Finally, whereas VAL achieves optimal worst-case throughput at a penalty factor of 2 in average latency over DOR, RPM achieves (near) optimal worst-case throughput with a much smaller factor of 1.33. In practice, the average latency of RPM is expected to be closer to minimal routing because 3D mesh networks are not expected to be symmetric in 3D chip designs. The number of available device layers is expected to be much less than the number of processor tiles that can be placed along an edge of a device layer. For practical asymmetric 3D mesh configurations, the average latency of RPM reduces to just a factor of 1.11 of DOR.
Translating exercise interventions to an in-home setting for seniors: preliminary impact on physical activity and function

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether an in-home, individually tailored intervention is efficacious in promoting increases in physical activity (PA) and improvements in physical functioning (PF) in low-active older adults. Participants were randomized to two groups for the 8-week intervention. The enhanced physical activity (EPA) group received individualized exercise programming, including personalized step goals and a resistance band training program, and the standard of care (SoC) group received a general activity goal. Pre- and post-intervention PF measures included choice step reaction time, knee extension/flexion strength, hand grip strength, and 8 ft up and go test completion time. Thirty-nine subjects completed this study (74.6 ± 6.4 years). Significant increases in steps/day were observed for both the EPA and SoC groups, although the improvements in the EPA group were significantly higher when including only those who adhered to weekly step goals. Both groups experienced significant PF improvements, albeit greater in the EPA group for the 8 ft up and go test and knee extension strength. A low cost, in-home intervention elicited improvements in both PA and PF. Future research is warranted to expand upon the size and scope of this study, exploring dose thresholds (and time frames) for PA to improve PF and strategies to further bolster adherence rates to maximize intervention benefits.
Citizens, Agriculture and Property in Plato’s Republic and More’s Utopia

In the ideal city of the Republic, Plato forbids property ownership for the guardians while he retains private property for the lowest class, including the farmers who will provide the guardians’ food. For Plato, agricultural land and practices are the realm of lifelong farmers who are politically dedicated to the upkeep of the ruling class. In his novel Utopia, Thomas More also takes a communalist approach but he extends the ban on private property to the entire community, including those engaged in farming. Furthermore, he includes the practice of agriculture within the regular rotation of living arrangements so that virtually all Utopians have some experience with the land and food production. Thus, although both Plato and More present communalist theories of property, their ideal states show critically different approaches to the role of agriculture and the connection of citizens to the land that supports them.