cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Clinical Application of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Pediatrics

Management of hypertension (HTN) largely relies on proper and accurate measurement of blood pressure (BP). Even following the criteria for HTN diagnosis defined in the Fourth report on high BP in children and adolescents, inaccurate diagnosis and misdiagnosis can occur with white coat effect and masked HTN. The use of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) has been increasing in pediatrics in the last 20 years. The main use of ABPM is to differentiate between sustained HTN and white coat HTN in patients who have elevated casual BP measurements and to detect masked HTN in high risk patients. ABPM is most useful in patients with casual BP within 20% of the 95th percentile for age, gender, and height. This report will highlight the use of ABPM in the evaluation of elevated BP and management of HTN in pediatrics. The discussion includes a review of various non-invasive BP measuring techniques, a description of ABPM and ABPM-unique data and diagnoses, updated ABPM clinical data more specific to pediatrics, its use in HTN clinical trials, and future outlook and direction of ABPM in pediatrics.
Isotope Shift in Crystal-field Splitting

MARSHALL et al.1,2 have demonstrated experimentally that the isotope shift in the crystal-field splittings of the magnetic ions doped in some host lattices, δD, is proportional to the mass difference of the isotopic magnetic ions and decreases with temperature. Based on the result that the phonon-induced crystal-field splitting is approximately proportional to the mean square displacement of the atoms3, I have shown4 that the isotope shift in the crystal-field splittings of two isotopic magnetic ions is approximately proportional to the difference between the mean square displacements of these two isotopes, 〈u02〉1 and 〈u02〉2 In this communication, I shall try to use this result to explain the temperature dependence of the isotope shifts measured by Marshall et al.1.
Humanoid Face Utilizing Rotary Actuator and Piezoelectric Sensors

Mimicking facial structure for a robotic head is a challenging issue and requires information on design and control of muscle actuation, architecture of the linkages between actuation points within skin, and deformation matrix with respect to global coordinates for a specific expression. This manuscript presents: (1) a functional relationship between deformation vector of facial control points and actuator parameter, skin elasticity and angular position of actuator. The actuation method is applicable to any rotary actuator technology utilized for facial expressions and takes into account the skin stiffness; (2) a prototype robotic head with embedded sensor to enhance interaction ability of humanoids; and (3) characterization of various facial expressions on a prototype robotic face.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
The vibration of regularly supported elastic surface systems subject to additional point constraints

A method of prediction of vibration modes and frequencies for thin elastic plates supported at discrete points is developed. These points of restraint are assumed to be in addition to ordinary continuous support at the plate boundary. The points of restraint are treated as points of application of concentrated forces and the magnitude of force required to restrain the plate is found. These forces are then substituted back into the general equation of motion to yield a frequency equation which may be solved iteratively for the natural frequencies. Several examples are given to illustrate the method.
Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Synthesized with Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization

A monomer for ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) has been developed that also functions as a portion of a GdIII chelating moiety for a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent. An increase in per GdIII relaxivity was shown upon transition from monomer to polymer. Additionally, extremely large molecular relaxivities were achieved through incorporation of multiple GdIII ions per polymer. The nature of ROMP-derived polymers allows for functionalization of the monomer units and termini through orthogonal chemistry. This strategy is the basis for a new class of highly sensitive, targeted imaging agents.
The effect of knowing a second language and experience working with non-English speakers on job performance

Abstract Managing a multicultural workforce involves a thorough understanding of individual and cultural differences. One strategy to successfully manage non-English speaking employees is to recruit or train managers who have the appropriate skill set. This study utilizes experimental methods to examine the effect of two skills related to multicultural competence – (1) the ability to speak a second language and (2) having frequent interactions with non-English workers at their current job – on job performance in an environment of communication barriers in a food service context. Job performance was measured through temporal performance or the speed of completing a dish, food quality, and food accuracy. The findings showed that employees were able to complete recipes by an average of 7.23 min faster when led by a manager who had the two multicultural skills. Teams led by a manager who had the two multicultural skills also scored higher quality food ratings on the measures of presentation, temperature, taste, aroma, and the degree to which the meal was fully cooked. The measure of accuracy was only significant at the 90% confidence interval and is worth further investigation. The results showed that the managers who had the two multicultural skills used more pointing and demonstration than the managers who did not have the two multicultural skills during the task.
Understanding the loss-of-function in a triple missense mutant of DNA polymerase β found in prostate cancer

Human DNA polymerase (pol) β is essential for base excision repair. We previously reported a triple somatic mutant of pol β (p.P261L/T292A/I298T) found in an early onset prostate tumor. This mutation abolishes polymerase activity, and the wild-type allele was not present in the tumor, indicating a complete deficiency in pol β function. The effect on polymerase activity is unexpected because the point mutations that comprise the triple mutant are not part of the active site. Herein, we demonstrate the mechanism of this loss-of-function. In order to understand the effect of the individual point mutations we biochemically analyzed all single and double mutants that comprise the triple mutant. We found that the p.I298T mutation is responsible for a marked instability of the triple mutant protein at 37˚C. At room temperature the triple mutant's low efficiency is also due to a decrease in the apparent binding affinity for the dNTP substrate, which is due to the p.T292A mutation. Furthermore, the triple mutant displays lower fidelity for transversions in vitro, due to the p.T292A mutation. We conclude that distinct mutations of the triple pol β mutant are responsible for the loss of activity, lower fidelity, and instability observed in vitro.
Measuring soil strains using fiber optic sensors

Eisenhower's term as President. These highway pavements were designed to have an expectedlifetime of twenty years. Today, these highways are deteriorating due to aging, increasing traffic,and heavier loads. To properly design and maintain such structures, it is essential to have aneconomic and reliable method to evaluate the primary response (stresses and strains) of highwaypavements.
Use of adhesive surgical tape with the absorbable continuous subcuticular suture

Background: The absorbable continuous subcuticular suture is frequently used to close surgical incisions where the aim is healing by primary intention. A form of adhesive surgical tape is commonly also placed over the wound but this combination closure seems to have its development based on anecdotal, rather than experimental evidence. The present study reviews the scientific literature on the development of sutureless wound closure and presents the current evidence for the use of combination wound closure. Methods: Review was undertaken of the medical literature using the PubMed Internet database and cross-referencing major ­articles on the subject. The following combinations of key words were searched: skin closure, wound closure, suture technique, sutureless, adhesive tape, op-site, staples, subcuticular suture, complication, infection and scars. Results: Taped closure alone has advantages of lower wound infection rates and greater wound tensile strength, but disadvantages of epidermal reaction, skin edge inversion, doubtful safety and time required for meticulous surgical technique. The use of the continuous absorbable subcuticular suture allows accurate skin edge approximation, which increases the safety margin. The combination closure has a slightly superior cosmetic result to sutureless techniques but no study has been performed to compare the results of combination subcuticular suture and tape, with tape or subcuticular suture alone. Conclusions: There is no evidence in the scientific literature to justify or support the practice of closing a surgical wound with both subcuticular suture and adhesive surgical tape.
A single regulatory gene is sufficient to alter bacterial host range

An understanding of the beneficial relationships between bacteria and animals has become increasingly important to several areas of biology, including pathogenic microbiology. Many pathogens display specificity for a single host or tissue, but the molecular basis for such specificity is largely unknown. A comparative genomic study of host specificity in the mutualism between the sepiolid squid Euprymna scolopes and the bioluminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri now demonstrates that the presence of a single bacterial gene, the regulatory gene rscS, can modify host range. When this gene is expressed in strains of V. fischeri that normally colonize the Japanese pinecone fish, it produces a symbiotic biofilm that is critical for squid colonization. This work raises the possibility that the specificity of human pathogens might be similarly manipulated for therapeutic purposes. Here it is shown that the absence or presence of a regulatory gene determines whether the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri colonizes squid or fishes. Microbial symbioses are essential for the normal development and growth of animals1,2,3. Often, symbionts must be acquired from the environment during each generation, and identification of the relevant symbiotic partner against a myriad of unwanted relationships is a formidable task4. Although examples of this specificity are well-documented, the genetic mechanisms governing it are poorly characterized5. Here we show that the two-component sensor kinase RscS is necessary and sufficient for conferring efficient colonization of Euprymna scolopes squid by bioluminescent Vibrio fischeri from the North Pacific Ocean. In the squid symbiont V. fischeri ES114, RscS controls light-organ colonization by inducing the Syp exopolysaccharide, a mediator of biofilm formation during initial infection. A genome-level comparison revealed that rscS, although present in squid symbionts, is absent from the fish symbiont V. fischeri MJ11. We found that heterologous expression of RscS in strain MJ11 conferred the ability to colonize E. scolopes in a manner comparable to that of natural squid isolates. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses support an important role for rscS in the evolution of the squid symbiosis. Our results demonstrate that a regulatory gene can alter the host range of animal-associated bacteria. We show that, by encoding a regulator and not an effector that interacts directly with the host, a single gene can contribute to the evolution of host specificity by switching ‘on’ pre-existing capabilities for interaction with animal tissue.
Lean Thinking in Libraries: A Case Study on Improving Shelving Turnaround.

SUMMARY The University of Chicago's Joseph Regenstein Library Bookstacks Department has used process mapping and continuous improvement to successfully improve its overall operations. The most recent efforts focus on Lean manufacturing, an initiative centered on eliminating waste in manufacturing processes. The conversion of the Bookstacks Department from a reactive model to Lean thinking has produced some dramatic performance improvements. This case study will describe key principles of Lean thinking and how they have been implemented to improve shelving turnaround time.
National and state-specific estimates of place of influenza vaccination among adult populations – United States, 2011–12 influenza season

Abstract Background Annual influenza vaccination has been recommended for all persons ≥6 months since the 2010–11 season. New partnerships between public health agencies and medical and nonmedical vaccination providers have increased the number of vaccination providers and locations where vaccination services are delivered. Methods Data from the 2011–12 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were analyzed. Point estimates of place of vaccination and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression and predictive marginal modeling were conducted to identify factors associated with vaccination settings. Results Among adults vaccinated during the 2011–12 influenza season, a doctor's office was the most common place (38.4%) for receipt of influenza vaccination, with stores (e.g., supermarkets or drug stores) (20.1%) the next common, and workplaces (17.6%) the third common. Overall, reported vaccination in nonmedical settings by state ranged from 32.2% in California to 60.4% in Nevada, with a median of 45.8%. Characteristics significantly associated with an increased likelihood of receipt of vaccination in nonmedical settings were higher education, not having certain identified high-risk conditions, not having had a routine checkup in the previous 12 months, and not having a primary doctor for health care. Being a member of a racial/ethnic minority group, unemployed or not in the work force were significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of receipt of vaccination in nonmedical settings. Conclusion Doctor's offices were the most common medical setting for adult influenza vaccination; workplaces and stores were important nonmedical settings. Increasing access to vaccination services in medical and nonmedical settings should be considered as important strategies for improving vaccination coverage. These results also can help guide development of strategies for achieving Healthy People 2020 objectives for influenza vaccination of adult populations.
A 13-amino acid peptide in three yeast glycosyltransferases may be involved in dolichol recognition.

Abstract A 13-amino acid peptide was identified in three glycosyltransferases of the yeast endoplasmic reticulum. These enzymes, the products of the ALG1, ALG7, and DPM1 genes, catalyze the transfer of sugars from nucleotide sugars to dolichol phosphate derivatives. The consensus sequence for the conserved peptide was Leu-Phe-Val-Xaa-Phe-Xaa-Xaa-Ile-Pro-Phe-Xaa-Phe-Tyr. A sequence resembling the conserved peptide was also found in the predicted SEC59 protein, which is suspected to participate in assembly of the lipid-linked precursor oligosaccharide, although its specific function is unknown. All of the identified sequences contain an isoleucine at position 8 and phenylalanine or tyrosine at positions 2, 5, and 12. We believe this peptide may be involved in dolichol recognition for the following reasons. (i) The conserved sequence occurs in potential membrane-spanning regions. (ii) The ALG7 and DPM1 proteins are known to recognize the isoprenoid region of dolichol phosphate specifically; this recognition presumably occurs in the membrane since dolichol is very hydrophobic. (iii) The consensus sequence is similar to a region of two halobacterial proteins implicated in binding of the isoprenoid region of retinal. (iv) If the consensus sequence is represented as an alpha-helix, the conserved residues lie on one face of the helix. An alpha-helical structure is likely since the conserved regions are in potential membrane-spanning domains.
Carboxylic acid production from brewer's spent grain via mixed culture fermentation.

Abstract This study aimed at investigating carboxylic acid production from brewer’s spent grain (BSG) via mixed culture fermentation. The results showed that the distribution of fermentation products was significantly affected by pH conditions and the addition of electron donors. Lactic acid was the dominant component under acidic and alkaline conditions while volatile fatty acids (VFAs) became dominant under the neutral condition. Furthermore, the neutral condition favored the chain elongation of carboxylic acids, especially with ethanol as the electron donor. Ethanol addition enhanced valeric acid and caproic acid production by 44% and 167%, respectively. Lactic acid addition also had positive effects on VFAs production under the neutral condition but limited to C2–C4 products. As a result, propionic acid and butyric acid production was increased by 109% and 152%, respectively. These findings provide substantial evidence for regulating carboxylic acid production during mixed culture fermentation of BSG by controlling pH and adding electron donors.
Joint probability distribution of the invariants comprising determinantal inequalities: Heuristic derivation.

Abstract Joint probability distributions are derived that are expressed in terms of the determinants that form the determinantal inequalities associated with the non-negative Fourier series that represent crystal structures. The derivation involves heuristic considerations. It is therefore appropriate to test the distributions extensively by making comparisons with results obtained by other theoretical means and evaluations of the implications of the distributions. Those performed thus far on the low-order determinants (third and fourth orders) have provided satisfactory results. The determinantal probability distributions imply a general maximum determinant rule, contain a wealth of information, and provide numerous paths that may be followed for future development.
Substitution of organic manure for pelleted feed in tilapia production

Abstract The partial substitution of organic manure for pelleted feed in monosex Oreochromis niloticus (20 000/ha) production ponds was studied in Honduras. Treatments were: (1) pelleted feed only (23% protein; 3% fish biomass/day), (2) organic manure (1000 kg total solids (TS)/ha per week chicken litter) only during the first 60 days, followed by pelleted feed only, and (3) organic manure (500 kg TS/ha per week chicken litter) and pelleted feed (1.5% fish biomass/day) offered simultaneously. Mean gross yields after 151 days were 5305, 4794, and 4351 kg/ha for treatments 1 through 3, respectively. At harvest, fish averaged 262, 284, and 251 g/fish, respectively. No significant differences were detected among treatments for gross yield or average individual weight. Feed conversion ratio for treatment 1 (1.83) was significantly greater than for treatment 3 (0.95). Layer chicken litter can replace 27 to 58% of pelleted supplemental feed without significantly affecting tilapia yield. Total production costs from enterprise budgets were $5336/ha (feed only), $4645/ha (manure followed by feed), and $3471/ha (manure and feed simultaneously). Net returns to land, labor, and management were $2469/ha, $2956/ha, and $3330/ha, respectively.
Carrier Dependent Stability of a Semiconductor Lattice Measured with Femtosecond X-ray Diffraction

The melting dynamics of laser excited InSb have been studied with femtosecond x-ray diffraction. These measurements have allowed us to characterize the atomic motion occurring during the initial stages of a photo-induced phase transition.
Differentialdiagnose der orthostatischen Dysregulationen

Orthostatische Kreislaufregulationsstorungen sind oft die Ursache fur orthostatische Intoleranz, Synkopen und gefahrliche Sturze. Grundlage fur eine geeignete Therapie sollte eine genaue Differentialdiagnose sein, die durch den Schellong- oder Kipptischtest ermoglicht wird. Aus den Blutdruck- und Herzratenveranderungen nach dem Hinstellen konnen drei unterschiedliche pathologische Orthostasereaktionen differenziert werden. Die hypoadrenerge orthostatische Hypotension ist durch eine rasch einsetzende Hypotension (systolischer Blutdruckabfall >20 mmHg innerhalb von 3 min) mit oder ohne kompensatorischen Herzratenanstieg gekennzeichnet und meist Ausdruck einer peripheren oder zentralen Sympathikusstorung. Das Leitsymptom des posturalen Tachykardiesyndroms stellt ein Herzfrequenzanstieg um mehr als 30 Schlage pro Minute innerhalb von 10 min dar, das ohne signifikanten Blutdruckabfall aber mit einem deutlichen Abfall im zerebralen Blutflus einhergeht. Weitere organpathologische Befunde liegen dabei meistens nicht vor. Ein ubermasiges venoses Pooling im Stehen wird als Pathomechanismus angenommen. Zur orthostatischen neurokardiogenen Synkope kommt es nach langerem Stehen durch einen Reflexmechanismus: Sympathikusinhibition fuhrt zu einem Blutdruckabfall und Vagusaktivierung zu Bradykardie. Bewahrt hat sich in der medikamentosen Behandlungen der Einsatz des Mineralokortikoids Fludrocortison (hypoadrenerge orthostatische Hypotension), des a-Agonisten Midodrin (posturales Tachykardie-Syndrom) und von b-Blockern (neurokardiogene Synkopen).
A spectral Galerkin method for the coupled Orr-Sommerfeld and induction equations for free-surface MHD

We develop and test spectral Galerkin schemes to solve the coupled Orr-Sommerfeld and induction equations for parallel, incompressible MHD in free-surface and fixed-boundary geometries. The schemes' discrete bases consist of Legendre internal shape functions, supplemented with nodal shape functions for the weak imposition of the stress and insulating boundary conditions. The orthogonality properties of the basis polynomials solve the matrix-coefficient growth problem, and eigenvalue-eigenfunction pairs can be computed stably at spectral orders at least as large as p=3000 with p-independent roundoff error. Accuracy is limited instead by roundoff sensitivity due to non-normality of the stability operators at large hydrodynamic and/or magnetic Reynolds numbers (Re,Rm@?4x10^4). In problems with Hartmann velocity and magnetic-field profiles we employ suitable Gauss quadrature rules to evaluate the associated exponentially weighted sesquilinear forms without error. An alternative approach, which involves approximating the forms by means of Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto quadrature at the 2p-1 precision level, is found to yield equal eigenvalues within roundoff error. As a consistency check, we compare modal growth rates to energy growth rates in nonlinear simulations and record relative discrepancy smaller than 10^-^5 for the least stable mode in free-surface flow at Re=3x10^4. Moreover, we confirm that the computed normal modes satisfy an energy conservation law for free-surface MHD with error smaller than 10^-^6. The critical Reynolds number in free-surface MHD is found to be sensitive to the magnetic Prandtl number Pm, even at the Pm=O(10^-^5) regime of liquid metals.
Radiative corrections to double Dalitz decays: Effects on invariant mass distributions and angular correlations

We review the theory of meson decays to two lepton pairs, including the cases of identical as well as nonidentical leptons, as well as CP-conserving and CP-violating couplings. A complete lowest-order calculation of QED radiative corrections to these decays is discussed, and comparisons of predicted rates and kinematic distributions between tree-level and one-loop-corrected calculations are presented for both ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ and ${K}^{0}$ decays.
Toxicity of intermittent chlorination to bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus : Interaction with temperature

Ten juvenile bluegill which were acclimated in aquaria to each test temperature (6, 15, 25, and 32 C) for a minimum of 2 weeks were placed in each bioassay container and further acclimated for 48 h before chlorine exposure. A laboratory system was built to simulate the pattern of changes in chlorine concentration of water below a steam-electric generating plant. Chlorine, as calcium hypochlorite, was added to achieve peaks of total residual chlorine concentration of 0.21, 0.31, 0.41, and 0.52 mg/1, respectively, in each of 4 aquarium at the temperatures used in the test. Although there were no deaths at 0.2 mg/1 peak total chlorine, the behavior of the fish exposed at the two highest temperatures indicated that they were under stress. The threshold of 0.3 mg/1 peak total chlorine observed in the study, at which chlorine becomes toxic to bluegills, is rather distinct. (MFB)
The state space in systems theory

Abstract Considering an input-output system as an algebraic relation between semi-groups makes it possible to treat automata and differential equations as special cases of a general mathematical structure. Posing the basic question—“Given an algebraic relation between two semi-groups, how can one go about constructing a state variable to describe this relation ?”—a technique is described for this construction. Examples are given of the applicability of this method to digital circuits, differential equations and abstract semi-groups.
Atypical Presentation of Stroke in a Diabetic Hemodialysis Patient

Cerebrovascular disease is a major cause of death in patients with end-stage renal disease, particularly in those with diabetes mellitus. Cardiac disease frequently presents itself atypically in diabetic patients. This awareness has led to earlier detection and treatment of cardiac disease in diabetic patients. Whether cerebrovascular disease may also present itself in a highly atypical fashion in the diabetic patient with end-stage renal disease has never been addressed. We report the case of a diabetic hemodialysis patient who had an extremely unusual manifestation of stroke. A 67-year-old diabetic hemodialysis patient had marked distress secondary to the sudden onset of a foreign body sensation in the oropharynx. Results of a laryngoscopy were negative; x-rays of the neck and computerized tomography of the head and neck showed no abnormalities. Neurologic evaluation revealed an inability to detect oropharyngeal stimuli and an absent gag reflex but no other deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed an infarction in the left corona radiata that extended to the thalamocapsular region and external capsule, and a lacunar infarct in the right pons. Cerebrovascular disease in the diabetic patient with end-stage renal disease may present itself atypically, and we suggest that cerebrovascular disease in these patients merits the same level of suspicion as cardiac disease.
An ab initio study of the low-lying electronic excited states of CH3OBr

Abstract Using high level ab initio molecular orbital methods, theoretical studies were performed on the low-lying excited states of CH 3 OBr. The complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) and multi-reference configuration interaction (MRCI) methods, with the cc-pVTZ basis set, were used to calculate the vertical excitation energies for the lowest three 1 A ′ , two 1 A ″ , two 3 A ′ , and two 3 A ″ states. The CASSCF method was used to obtain the potential energy curves for the lowest three 1 A ′ , two 1 A ″ , two 3 A ′ , and two 3 A ″ states of CH 3 OBr along the O–Br coordinate. All of the eight excited states were found to be strongly repulsive along the O–Br coordinate.
Coordination of Arsenic Impurities in Amorphous Silicon-Hydrogen Alloys

We have determined the coordination of arsenic impurities in amorphous silicon-hydrogen alloys prepared by plasma decomposition of silane-arsine mixtures. From analysis of the extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) on the arsenic $K$-shell absorption, we find at low arsenic concentrations that an average of two arsenic atoms in ten are fourfold coordinated with silicon. This is the first direct evidence for the occurrence of substitutional doping in an amorphous semiconductor.
Formation of Ribonucleic Acid during the Recovery of the Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthetic System of Bacteria damaged by Ultra-violet Light

A REQUIREMENT for RNA and protein, synthesis in recovery of the DNA synthetic system of Escherichia coli damaged by ultra-violet light (UV) has been demonstrated1–4. At that dose of ultra-violet light producing the maximum possible delay in DNA synthesis without non-restorable inactivation, an approximate doubling of RNA occurs before initiation of DNA synthesis4. If chloram-phenicol, an antibiotic which blocks protein synthesis, is added before the doubling of RNA, DNA synthesis proceeds, after the completion of the restoration period, at a reduced, non-accelerating rate directly related to the increase in RNA between the time of exposure to ultraviolet light and the time of adding chloramphenicol4.
Why college undergraduates choose IT: a multi-theoretical perspective

In this paper, we study factors that may influence college undergraduates’ decisions to pursue a major in information technology (IT). We develop and test a theoretical model based on social cognitive career theory and the theory of planned behavior. Data were collected through a multi-section survey given to college undergraduates at four large universities in the southeastern United States. We found that college undergraduates with positive attitudes towards IT careers and high perceived behavioral control (PBC) regarding IT majors had a greater intention of pursuing IT majors. The study also found positive links between self-evaluating outcome expectations (SEOE) and attitudes towards an IT career. In addition, males were more likely to choose IT than females, as they scored higher on computer self-efficacy, SEOE, attitudes towards IT careers, and PBC. Future research may wish to explore this disparity and may also explore factors influencing outcome expectations and attitudes. Practical recommendations include educational and media outreach efforts aimed at emphasizing the vitality of the IT job market and the interpersonal aspects of IT.
Carrion fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larval colonization of sunlit and shaded pig carcasses in West Virginia, USA.

Two pig (Sus scrofta L.) carcasses were placed in sunlit and shaded plots in September 2003, and again in May 2004. Mean ambient temperatures between sunlit and shaded plots were not significantly different in either September or May, but mean ambient temperatures at sunlit and shaded plots in 2004 were significantly higher than corresponding means for sunlit and shaded plots in 2003. Mean maggot mass temperatures were significantly higher than ambient plot temperatures for all four experimental plots (i.e., sunlit and shaded carcasses in both 2003 and 2004). In addition, maggot mass temperatures on sunlit carcasses were positively, and significantly, correlated with ambient temperatures, whereas there was no significant correlation between maggot mass and ambient temperatures at shaded plots. Carcass decomposition proceeded more rapidly in 2004 in the presence of higher ambient temperatures, and sunlit carcasses decomposed faster than shaded ones in both 2003 and 2004 experiments. Phaenecia coeruleiviridis (Macquart) and Phormia regina (Meigen) third instars dominated collections on all four carcasses, but there was little temporal overlap between these species with third instars of the former dominating collections in the early portion (≈40%) of each experimental period (with the exception of the shaded carcass in 2004 where both species were co-dominant), and the latter assuming dominance in the latter portion (≈60%). Lower accumulated degree hour values were calculated for instar development on 2004 carcasses subjected to higher ambient temperatures.
Cell-free synthesis of angler fish preproinsulin: complete amino acid sequence of the signal peptide.

Messenger ribonucleic acid isolated from angler fish (Lophiusamericanus) islets of Langerhans was translated in the wheat germ cell-free protein synthesizing system containing different combinations of radioactive amino acids. Preproinsulin (∼ 11,000 daltons) was identified amongst the translation products, by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, and subjected to microsequencing techniques. The fish preproinsulin was found to possess an NH2-terminal signal peptide of 24 amino acids, with regions of homology to human, rat and chicken preproinsulin signal sequences.
CS duration and reinforcement schedule effects on conditioned enhancement and positive conditioned suppression

Two groups of rats learned a discrimination in which responses were reinforced on a variableinterval (VI) schedule during one stimulus and extinguished during another. Eight conditioned stimuli (CSs), each followed by a food unconditioned stimulus (US), were presented during each session: four during the VI component and four during the extinction component. CS duration was 2 min for Group L and 30 sec for Group S. Subjects in both groups responded at higher rates during CSs presented in the extinction component. Group L subjects also responded at higher rates during VI-component CSs, but Group S subjects responded at lower rates during VI-component CSs. These data indicate that reinforcement schedules may affect rate changes during CSs only within a limited range of CS durations.
The mobility of artificial dentures during comminution

Abstract A method has been described which will permit measurement of the amount and direction of denture mobility by utilizing cephalometric roentgenograms made at the rate of 5 per second during comminution of diced carrots. This measurement was made without devices attached to the dentures or wires protruding from the mouth.
BET3 encodes a novel hydrophilic protein that acts in conjunction with yeast SNAREs.

Abstract Here we report the identification of BET3, a new member of a group of interacting genes whose products have been implicated in the targeting and fusion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi transport vesicles with their acceptor compartment. A temperature-sensitive mutant in bet3-1 was isolated in a synthetic lethal screen designed to identify new genes whose products may interact with BET1, a type II integral membrane protein that is required for ER to Golgi transport. At 37 degrees C, bet3-1 fails to transport invertase, alpha-factor, and carboxypeptidase Y from the ER to the Golgi complex. As a consequence, this mutant accumulates dilated ER and small vesicles. The SNARE complex, a docking/fusion complex, fails to form in this mutant. Furthermore, BET3 encodes an essential 22-kDa hydrophilic protein that is conserved in evolution, which is not a component of this complex. These findings support the hypothesis that Bet3p may act before the assembly of the SNARE complex.
The Effect of the Kn Gene on the Sexual Development of Cockerels

The sexual development of cockerels of three feather growth rate genotypes, k+/k+, Kn/k+, and Kn/Kn, was studied at 2-week intervals from ages 1 to 31 weeks. Body, testis, and comb weights were collected. Histologic evaluation of testes and semen fertility tests were also made. The Kn gene, when homozygous, delayed body growth, and testis growth and development in homozygous males, thus delaying their sexual maturity 2 to 3 weeks. Body weights, relative testis weights, and seminiferous tubule diameters were similar for the k+/k+ and Kn/k+ males but significantly different from the Kn/Kn males. Stages of spermatozoic development were not significantly different between males of any of the genotypes. Regressions of relative testis weight on body weight and of seminiferous tubule size and stage of spermatozoic development on relative testis weight were not different for any of the genotypes. Relative comb size was significantly different between males of all three genotypes. When regressed against relative testis weight, the Kn/Kn males were significantly different from the other two groups of males. The Kn gene exerted an influence, directly or indirectly, which appeared to reduce testosterone production in the Kn/Kn males. The nature of the Kn gene's action was not evident from these data, nor was it clear whether it was acting on the Leydig cells of the testes or on the lutinizing hormone producing cells of the pituitary.
A comparison of leaf-spring with aircushion trailer suspensions in the transport environment

Packaging engineers need to be able to accurately determine the forces present in the shipping environment in order to protect packaged goods. The purpose of this study was to determine the vertical vibration levels measured in three separate truck-trailer suspension systems; conventional leaf-spring, conventional air-ride and damaged air-ride. The main conclusion reached in this study is that the air-ride suspension when maintained gives lower power density (PD) levels on all road surfaces studied. A damaged air-ride suspension and leaf-spring suspension are very similar in response frequencies, although the damaged air-ride produces higher vibration levels at lower frequencies.
Analysis of US Veterans Health Administration Comprehensive Evaluations for Traumatic Brain Injury in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom Veterans

Objective: To describe neurobehavioural symptoms in Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans evaluated for traumatic brain injury (TBI) through the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) TBI screening and evaluation programme.Design: An observational study based on VHA administrative data for all veterans who underwent TBI Comprehensive Evaluation between October 2007 and June 2010.Results: 55,070 predominantly white, non-Hispanic, male Veterans with a positive TBI screen had comprehensive TBI evaluations completed during the study period. Moderate-to-severe symptoms were common in the entire sample, both in those with and without a clinician-diagnosed TBI. However, the odds of reporting symptoms of this severity were significantly higher in those diagnosed with TBI compared to those without a TBI diagnosis, with odds ratios ranging from 1.35–2.21. TBI-specialty clinicians believed that in the majority of diagnosed TBI cases both behavioural health conditions and TBI contributed to patients’ symptom presentation.C...
Managed Long-Term Care: Care Integration Through Care Coordination

The New York State managed long-term care demonstration program combines traditional home, community, and institutional long-term care services with other benefits integral to maximizing overall well-being for a frail elderly population. A distinguishing feature of the model is the responsibility to coordinate both covered and noncovered services. This article, a case study of VNS CHOICE, a managed long-term care plan that serves 2,500 New York City residents, describes the program's operating structure, service delivery model, and care management strategies. By providing a capitated Medicaid long-term care benefit, VNS CHOICE can utilize a broad array of services, offer significant flexibility to care management staff, and support member and family involvement in care planning. Its broad care coordination responsibility allows it to achieve integrated care without integrated financing.
2 π * -derived states for CO on Ni(111) studied by uv bremsstrahlung spectroscopy

Angle-resolved and polarization-dependent uv bremsstrahlung spectroscopy (inverse photoemission) is used to determine the energy and symmetry of the $2{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{*}$-derived states for CO on Ni(111). We observe a 3-eV-wide band centered at 3 eV above the Fermi level. This shows that the electron-hole interaction for transitions C $1s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{*}$ is reduced from 10 eV in the gas phase to 1 eV for chemisorbed CO due to screening by metal electrons. Compared with physisorbed and gas phase CO, chemisorption on Ni(111) lowers the energy of the $2{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{*}$ orbital and increases its width.
A theory of search with deadlines and uncertain recall

We ask how the ability to recall past prices affects the dynamics of search and price formation. In the model, buyers have limited time to purchase a good and face uncertainty regarding the availability of past price quotes in the future. Sellers cannot observe a potential buyer’s remaining time until deadline nor her quote history, and hence post prices that weigh the probability of sale versus the profit once sold. We find that, in contrast to conventional wisdom, reducing the consumer’s recall ability may actually improve his expected utility because it lowers the average expected price in the market and reduces the duration of search.
DNA vibrational coupling revealed with two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy: insight into why vibrational spectroscopy is sensitive to DNA structure.

Two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy was used to study the carbonyl vibrational modes of guanine and cytosine bases in A- and B-form DNA. Located between 1600 and 1700 cm-1, these modes are often used to monitor DNA secondary structure with traditional infrared spectroscopies such as FTIR, but traditional spectroscopies lack the necessary observables to unravel the coupling mechanisms that make these modes sensitive to secondary structure. By using 2D IR spectroscopy and electronic structure calculations on d(G5C5) and d(GC)8 model nucleic acids, we find that hydrogen-bonded guanine/cytosine base pairs are primarily electrostatically coupled and that the coupling between these modes can be modeled with a transition dipole density approach. In comparison, electrostatics is insufficient to model stacked bases because of cooperative charge-sharing effects, but the coupling can be accurately calculated using a finite difference method. We find that the coupling is very strong for both hydrogen-bonded...
Spatial effects of retention trees on mycorrhizas and biomass of Douglas-fir seedlings

Retention forestry places seedlings in proximity to residual trees, exposing seedlings to additional sources of ectomycorrhizal fungus (EMF) inoculum. To investigate this, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were planted near (2–6 m) and far (16–30 m) from 44- to 72-year-old residual Douglas-fir trees in western Washington, USA. From 1998 through 2000, seedling shoot and root biomass was assessed and EMF taxa were identified using morphology and sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer and large subunit ribosomal RNA genes. Seedlings near residual trees had significantly greater ectomycorrhiza (ECM) abundance (percent active ECM root tips), less necrotic root tips, and higher root to shoot biomass ratios. Seedlings near trees had a richness index of 4.1 EMF taxa per seedling and 42 total taxa compared with 3.5 taxa per seedling and 33 total taxa for seedlings far from trees. Proximity to residual trees may increase seedling ECM abundance and diversity.
Use of superconductors in thermal insulations

Abstract A suggestion is made for using superconductors as thermal radiation shields at or below liquid helium temperatures. Calculations are described which predict total emissivities for niobium of 10 −4 –10 −5 at 4K and 10 −8 –10 −7 for temperatures of 1–2 K.
Glucose Transport in Cultured Animal Cells: An Exercise for the Undergraduate Cell Biology Laboratory

Membrane transport is a fundamental concept that undergraduate students of cell biology understand better with laboratory experience. Formal teaching exercises commonly used to illustrate this concept are unbiological, qualitative, or intricate and time consuming to prepare. We have developed an exercise that uses uptake of radiolabeled nutrient analogues by attachment-dependent animal cells cultured on multiwell trays. This system can readily be manipulated within a typical 3-h laboratory period to yield reproducible, biologically relevant, quantitative data regarding key aspects of membrane transport. Each 24-well tray of cultures allows a group of two to four students to compare eight conditions in triplicate. If different groups of students test different conditions or different types of cells, data can be shared for an even broader experience. The exercise is also readily adaptable for open-ended student projects. Here we illustrate the exercise measuring uptake of the nonmetabolizable glucose analogue [(3)H]-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Students successfully tested the effects of competing sugars, putative inhibitors of the GLUT1 transporter, and changes in cell physiology that might be expected to affect glucose transport in epithelial cells and fibroblasts. In this exercise students find the nutritional and medical implications of glucose transport and its regulation intriguing. They also learn to handle radioisotopes and cultured cells.
Effects of ice-crystal structure on halo formation: cirrus cloud experimental and ray-tracing modeling studies.

During the 1986 Project FIRE (First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project Regional Experiment) field campaign, four 22 deg halo-producing cirrus clouds were studied jointly from a ground-based polarization lidar and an instrumented aircraft. The lidar data show the vertical cloud structure and the relative position of the aircraft, which collected a total of 84 slides by impaction, preserving the ice crystals for later microscopic examination. Although many particles were too fragile to survive impaction intact, a large fraction of the identifiable crystals were columns and radial bullet rosettes, with both displaying internal cavitations and radial plate-column combinations. Particles that were solid or displayed only a slight amount of internal structure were relatively rare, which shows that the usual model postulated by halo theorists, i.e., the randomly oriented, solid hexagonal crystal, is inappropriate for typical cirrus clouds. With the aid of new ray-tracing simulations for hexagonal hollow-ended column and bullet-rosette models, we evaluate the effects of more realistic ice-crystal structures on halo formation and lidar depolarization and consider why the common halo is not more common in cirrus clouds.
Laser-induced oxygen vacancy formation and diffusion on TiO2 (110) surfaces probed by photoemission electron microscopy

Photoemission electron microscopy is used to probe photon-induced oxygen vacancies generated on TiO2 (110)-(1×2) surfaces. An increased oxygen vacancy concentration within the irradiated region leads to an increase of local photoelectron emission. The local oxygen deficient region can be compensated by exposing the surface to molecular oxygen at 1×10-5 Torr, or via surface diffusion at 450 K in vacuum. The surface diffusion coefficient was estimated to be on the order of 10-12 m2/s. Photoemission electron microscopy allows in situ studies of surface electronic defect formation and removal.