cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular-assisted breeding for soybean with high oleic/low linolenic acid and elevated vitamin E in the seed oil

The uses of vegetable oils are determined by functional properties arising from their chemical composition. Soybean oil was previously used in margarines and baked foods after partial hydrogenation to achieve heat and oxidative stability. This process, however, generates trans fats that are now excluded from food use because of cardiovascular health risks. Also present in soybean oil are the anti-oxidant tocopherols, with α-tocopherol (vitamin E) typically present as a minor component compared to γ-tocopherol. Genetic improvement of the fatty acid profile and tocopherol profile is an attractive solution to increase the functional and health qualities of soybean oil. The objective of this research was to develop resources to directly select with molecular markers for the elevated vitamin E trait in soybean oil and to use a molecular breeding approach to combine elevated vitamin E with the high oleic/low linolenic acid seed oil trait that improves oil functionality and nutrition. New soybean germplasm was developed from the molecular breeding strategy that selected for alleles of six targeted genes. Seed oil from the novel soybean germplasm was confirmed to contain increased vitamin E α-tocopherol along with a high oleic acid/low linolenic acid profile.
Microwave Quantum Radar’s Alphabet Soup: QI, QI-MPA, QCN, QCN-CR

The Internet is agog with stories about quantum radar. Will it really make stealth aircraft vulnerable? Were the microwave experiments reported in 2020 from Europe and Canada really proof-of-principle laboratory demonstrations of quantum radar’s advantage over classical radar? Or, does the 25 September 2020 news article in Science—entitled "The short, strange life of quantum radar"—paint the true picture? This paper disentangles microwave quantum radar’s alphabet soup: quantum illumination (QI) radar, quantum illumination with a microwave parametric amplifier receiver (QI-MPA) radar, quantum-correlated noise (QCN) radar, and quantum-correlated noise radar with a correlation receiver (QCN-CR). In particular, it evaluates—with no explicit quantum-mechanical notation or calculations—these radars’ miss probabilities at fixed false-alarm probability and it compares them to those for classical radar’s relevant alphabet soup, viz., coherent-state homodyne (CS-Hom) radar, coherent-state heterodyne (CS-Het) radar, classically-correlated noise (CCN) radar, and classically-correlated noise radar with a correlation receiver (CCN-CR). These comparisons show that, under ideal operating conditions, the QI and QI-MPA radars offer performance advantages over their best classical counterparts. Moreover, QI-MPA’s advantage is similar to that for its error-probability exponent when target absence and presence are equally likely and all radars make minimum error-probability decisions based on their respective measurements. Available theory, however, is unable to fully quantify QI’s advantage in the operating regime of interest. Ultimately—after accounting for problems that afflict QI and QI-MPA, but not their classical competitors, and factoring in realistic standoff-sensing parameters—it will be concluded that the aforementioned Science article has it correct. QI target detection has little to offer for standoff sensing, i.e., it does not compromise stealth aircraft.
Crotalus atrox venom-induced cellular toxicity: Early wound progression involves reactive oxygen species.

Understanding the mechanisms that produce cellular cytotoxicity is fundamental in the field of toxicology. Cytotoxic stimuli can include organic toxins such as hemorrhagic snake venom, which can lead to secondary complications such as the development of necrotic tissue and profuse scarring. These clinical manifestations mimic cytotoxic responses induce by other organic compounds such as organic acids. We used hemorrhagic snake venom and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293T) as a model system to better understand the cellular responses involved in venom induced cytotoxicity. Cells stimulated with Crotalus atrox (CA) (western diamondback) venom for 4 or 10 h demonstrated significant cytotoxicity. Results from 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2 DCF-DA) assays determine CA venom stimulation induces a robust production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) over a 3-h time course. In contrast, pretreatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-catalase or N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) prior to CA venom stimulation significantly blunted H2 DCFDA fluorescence fold changes and showed greater cytoprotective effects than cells stimulated with CA venom alone. Pre- incubating HEK293T cells with the NADPH oxidase (NOX) pan-inhibitor VAS2870 prior venom stimulation significantly minimized the venom-induced oxidative burst at early timepoints (≤2 h). Collectively, our experiments show that pre-application of antioxidants reduces CA venom induce cellular toxicity. This result highlights the importance of ROS in the early stages of cytotoxicity and suggests muting ROS production in noxious injuries may increase positive clinical outcomes.
"The Leeches Are the Least of the Worries": Blankscapes and Another Other in Jamaica Kincaid's Among Flowers and Biyi Bandele's The King's Rifle

Jamaica Kincaid’s botanical travelogue Among Flowers (Antigua, 2005) and Biyi Bandele’s novel The King’s Rifle (Nigeria, 2007) depict parts of the world—Burma and Nepal—familiarized through their shared encounter with British colonialism. Yet, these countries are also radically different from Antigua and Nigeria not just because of geographic location, but also because of the myriad factors that make up the diversity of the human condition, including class, race, and ethnic difference. This essay examines how an Afro-Caribbean and an African writer from two former British colonies depict other non-white British colonies and the people who inhabit these places. It, therefore, diverges from the numerous studies done on white Europeans traveling in the non-European world or of the colonized encountering other colonized people in diasporic spaces. Representation is key here, especially how the ex-colonized depicts what I call Another Other.
Improved prediction of Pump Turbine Dynamic Behavior using a Thoma number dependent Hill Chart and Site Measurements

Water hammer phenomena are important issues for the design and the operation of hydro power plants. Especially, if several reversible pump-turbines are coupled hydraulically there may be strong unit interactions. The precise prediction of all relevant transients is challenging. Regarding a recent pump-storage project, dynamic measurements motivate an improved turbine modeling approach making use of a Thoma number dependency. The proposed method is validated for several transient scenarios and turns out to improve correlation between measurement and simulation results significantly. Starting from simple scenarios, this allows better prediction of more complex transients. By applying a fully automated simulation procedure broad operating ranges of the highly nonlinear system can be covered providing a consistent insight into the plant dynamics. This finally allows the optimization of the closing strategy and hence the overall power plant performance.
Retrolental fibroplasia; clinical statistics from the premature center of the Charity Hospital of Louisiana at New Orleans.

Summary 1. Eighty infants who weighed less than 1,500 grams (3 pounds, 5 ounces) at birth were examined after the age of 7 months for evidence of retrolental fibroplasia. The group included infants discharged from the Charity Hospital of Louisiana at New Orleans over a two-year period ending Dec. 31, 1948. No cases of retrolental fibroplasia were found. 2. An attempt was made to discover how the clinical management of these infants differed from that in areas with a high incidence of retrolental fibroplasia. 3. Although no single cause wasfound, suspicion as to the etiology of retrolental fibroplasia was directed at high-potency water-soluble multiple vitamin preparations or their vehicles, liberal iron supplementation, or excessive neonatal weight loss.
Determination of cholesterol and cortisone absorption in polyurethane: I. Methodology using size-exclusion chromatography and dual detection

A size-exclusion chromatographic method is described for measuring the absorption of the steroid-based lipids cholesterol and cortisone into Pellethane 2363, a polyurethane used in biomedical implants. The method uses refractometry and ultraviolet diode-array detection, with tetrahydrofuran as the mobile phase. Using an injection volume of 150 microliters, the lower limit of accurate measurement for cholesterol (refractive index detection) was 6 micrograms/ml with a lower limit of detection, based on a 2:1 signal-to-noise ratio, of 0.15 micrograms (1 microgram/ml). For cortisone (ultraviolet detection), the lower accurate limit was 0.6 micrograms/ml with a lower limit of 0.015 micrograms (0.1 micrograms/ml). The results show that after 44 h, 2037 micrograms/g cholesterol and 3131 micrograms/g cortisone were absorbed by the polyurethane. The method eliminates extensive sample manipulation and is sensitive to low levels of lipid in the presence of a high-molecular-mass synthetic polymer.
Enthalpy of formation of europium monoxide

Abstract The enthalpy of formation of europium monoxide (EuO1.02) has been determined by means of oxygen bomb calorimetry and found to be ΔHfo(298.15 K, EuO1.02) = − (143.3 ± 0.5) kcal mol−1. A value of ΔHfo(298.15 K, EuO) = − (135.0 ± 1.3) kcal mol−1 was derived.
Performance of Single and Coupled Microresonators in Photonic Switching Schemes

Applications of single and coupled microresonators in various photonic switching schemes are considered. It is shown that both single and coupled resonators enhance the performance of the switches based on nonlinear optical or electro-optical effect, but the enhancement occurs at the expense of reduced bandwidth. The critical bit rates at which the enhancement is still possible are derived for single and coupled microresonators. It is shown that the choice of optimum microresonator scheme is determined most of all by the intrinsic switching speed of the nonlinear or electro-optic material.
Force measurements between a bacterium and another surface in situ.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses that the Atomic force microscope (AFM) measurements can investigate aspects of bacteria‐surface interactions inaccessible to more traditional microbiology techniques, such as optical microscopy or batch culture experiments.. AFM is a scanning probe microscopy technique that provides information about a localized portion of a sample by sensing the behavior of a small tip‐cantilever system, which interacts with the sample. The chapter covers AFM force measurement by functionalizing the AFM probe that is done by colloid bead probe and bacteria probe or biologically active force probe method. Force-sensing cantilevers can be used to measure forces between a bacterium on a glass cover slip and silicon or silicon nitride tip. A bead coated with living cells is attached to the end of a cantilever to measure forces between two cells or between a bacterium and a specific face of a mineral. This chapter concludes by presenting two examples of AFM force measurements for a bacterium and material substrate in aqueous solution: forces detected as a bacterium approaches a material surface and forces detected as a bacterium is pulled away from a material surface. A great deal of care and perseverance are required to extract valid and meaningful conclusions from the force measurements. In spite of the difficulties involved, there is no doubt that AFM experiments will continue to enhance the understanding of the nature of bacteria‐surface interactions.
Counting Peas in Camus's La Peste

Because the subject of Camus's La Peste (1947) is the human cummunity, the main character is the besieged city of Oran. At the epidemic's height, treated in section three of the novel, the distinctions of the individual inhabitants are blurred by the metaphysical reality that confronts them. The plague, Camus says, reduces the diversity of human experience to a common destiny. The formation of sanitary squads is thus no heroic art, as the narrator carefully points out. It symbolizes instead an essential truth of man's existence: that all are equally threatened by death.
RBANS Norms based on the Relationship of Age, Gender, Education, and WRAT-3 Reading to Performance within an Older African American Sample

Objective: Due to factors including differences in educational opportunity, African Americans and Caucasians frequently differ on cognitive tests creating diagnostic error risks. Such differences have been found on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), and preliminary norms based on a small sample of African Americans have been generated. In a larger sample of community-dwelling older African Americans, we explored sources of variance including age, gender, common medical conditions, years of education, and reading level to generate norms stratified on the most relevant bases. Method: Three hundred and fifty-five African Americans aged 55+ and living independently completed the RBANS and health, education, and psychosocial interviews. Results: Hypertension and type 2 diabetes were unrelated to overall RBANS performance once age and education were accounted for. Age, education, and WRAT-3 Reading score (a proxy for scholastic attainment) were independent predictors...
Toward A Disaster Resilient Region: Examining US-ASEAN Cooperation On Disaster Management Under the Obama Administration

Under the Obama administration, US foreign policy agenda toward the region include advancing cooperation on humanitarian assistance and disaster response for it was during this administration when devastating natural disasters hit the region. As a Dialogue Partner, the US supports ASEAN initiatives on disaster management. This paper examines the efforts of the US and ASEAN in promoting cooperation in disaster management under President Barack Obama from 2009 to 2014 to track ASEAN’s progress in implementing the objectives of AADMER. It also explores ways to further strengthen the efforts of the two parties in achieving a disaster-resilient region. While close partnerships have been formed between the US and ASEAN in the field of disaster management, cooperation has to be sustained, if not improved, in the long run to achieve a safer ASEAN Community.
Biological and logistical explanations of variation in wolf population density

In a study correlating carnivore density with study area size, Smallwood & Schonewald (1996) suggested that for larger areas, biologists extrapolate from small, high-density study sites to many unstudied low density sites, but that this approach is invalid because of heterogeneous distribution of animals across the landscape. For wolves ( Canis lupus ), however, size of study areas may also be a consequence of density. Linear regression of data from 18 recent field studies of wolves indicates that study area size is correlated less strongly to mean numbers of wolves counted in an area ( r 2 =0·24) than to wolf density ( r 2 =0·85). When parameters representing biological features of each study area (average wolf pack territory size, ungulate biomass density index and predominant ungulate species), as well as logistical constraints of the study (number of packs), were made available for inclusion through a stepwise procedure, mean numbers of wolves counted were related ( r 2 =0·94) to number of packs, ungulate biomass and deer, while density was related to both study area size and number of wolves counted ( r 2 =0·91). Study area size was found to be strongly predicted ( r 2 =0·96) by ungulate biomass, wolf territory size and wolf numbers. These results clearly reinforce the idea that biological parameters play an essential role in determining animal numbers and density. It also follows, as emphasized by Smallwood & Schonewald (1996, in press), that extrapolation of census or survey information to larger areas needs to be done carefully to account for actual variation in animal density.
Improving the hyperspectral linear unmixing problem with unsupervised cluster and covariance estimates

The hyperspectral subpixel detection and classification problem has been intensely studied in the downward-looking case, typically satellite imagery of agricultural and urban areas. In contrast, the hyperspectral imaging case when "looking up" at small or distant satellites creates new and unforeseen problems. Usually one pixel or one fraction of a pixel contains the imaging target, and spectra tend to be time-series data of a single object collected over some time period under possibly varying weather conditions; there is little spatial information available. Often, the number of collected traces is less than the number of wavelength bins, and a materials database with imperfect representative spectra must be used in the subpixel classification and unmixing process. A procedure is formulated for generating a "good" set of classes from experimentally collected spectra by assuming a Gaussian distribution in the angle-space of the spectra. Specifically, Kernel K-means, a suboptimal ML-estimator, is used to generate a set of classes. Covariance information from the resulting classes and weighted least squares methods are then applied to solve the linear unmixing problem. We show with cross-validation that Kernel K-means separation of laboratory material classes into "smaller" virtual classes before unmixing improves the performance of weighted least squares methods.
Pigeon liver malic enzyme: Involvement of an arginyl residue at the binding site for malate and its analogs

Abstract Treatment of malic enzyme with arginine-specific reagents phenylglyoxal or 2,3-butanedione results in pseudo-first-order loss of oxidative decarboxylase activity. Inactivation by phenylglyoxal is completely prevented by saturating concentrations of NADP + , Mn 2+ , and substrate analog hydroxymalonate. Double log plots of pseudo-first-order rate constant versus concentration yield straight lines with identical slopes of unity for both reagents, suggesting that reaction of one molecule of reagent per active site is associated with activity loss. In parallel experiments, complete inactivation is accompanied by the incorporation of four [ 14 C]phenylglyoxal molecules, and the loss of two arginyl residues per enzyme subunit, as determined by the colorimetric method of Yamasaki et al ( R. B. Yamasaki, D. A. Shimer, and R. E. Feeney (1981) Anal. Biochem. , 14 , 220–226 ). These results confirm a 2:1 ratio for the reaction between phenylglyoxal and arginine ( K. Takahashi (1968) J. Biol. Chem. , 243 , 6171–6179 ) and yield a stoichiometry of two arginine residues reacted per subunit for complete inactivation, of which one is essential for enzyme activity as determined by the statistical method of Tsou ( C. L. Tsou (1962) Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sinica , 2 , 203–211 ) and the Ray and Koshland analysis ( W. J. Ray and D. E. Koshland (1961) J. Biol. Chem. , 236 , 1973–1979 ). Amino acid analysis of butanedione-modified enzyme also shows loss of arginyl residues, without significant decrease in other amino acids. Modification by phenylglyoxal does not significantly affect the affinity of this enzyme for NADPH. Binding of l -malate and its dicarboxylic acid analogs oxalate and tartronate is abolished upon modification, as is binding of the monocarboxylic acid α-hydroxybutyrate. The latter result indicates binding of the C-1 carboxyl group of the substrate to an arginyl residue on the enzyme.
The Influence of Family and Household Members on Individual Volunteer Choices

This paper investigates the how the volunteering behaviors of family and household members influence an individual’s decision to volunteer. Using data from the 2005 Current Population Survey’s Volunteering Supplement, I test how living with volunteers and living with people who have never volunteered affect volunteering. I find that living with volunteers dramatically increases the likelihood of volunteering, especially for religious volunteering. The more volunteers the person lives with, the higher the person’s probability of volunteering. People who live with others who say that they have never volunteered in their lives are much less likely to volunteer and volunteer fewer hours. Living with volunteers also changes the methods by which people become involved in volunteering.
Compositional Variations between Different Generations of γ ′ Precipitates Forming during Continuous Cooling of a Commercial Nickel-Base Superalloy

The compositional and microstructural evolution of different generations of precipitates of the ordered γ′ phase during the continuous cooling, followed by isothermal aging, of a commercial nickel-base superalloy, Rene 88DT, has been characterized by three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) tomography coupled with energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) studies. After solutionizing in the single γ-phase field, during continuous cooling at a relatively slow rate (~24 °C/min), the first-generation primary γ′ precipitates, forming at relatively higher temperatures, exhibit near-equilibrium compositions, while the smaller-scale secondary γ′ precipitates, forming at lower temperatures, exhibit nonequilibrium compositions often containing an excess of Co and Cr while being depleted in Al and Ti content. The compositions of the γ matrix near these precipitates also exhibit similar trends, with the composition being closer to equilibrium near the primary precipitates as compared to the secondary precipitates. Subsequent isothermal aging at 760 °C leads to coarsening of the primary γ′ precipitates without affecting their composition significantly. In contrast, the composition of the secondary γ′ precipitates is driven toward equilibrium during the isothermal aging process.
Buddhist Mindfulness as an Influence in Recent Empirical CBT Approaches to Addiction: Convergence with the Alcoholics Anonymous Model

This article explores the convergence of the Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) model for addictions with recent advances in empirically supported cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for addictions. This convergence stems from CBT entering its “third wave,” which incorporates techniques associated with mindfulness, meditation, and Buddhist philosophy and practice. Research findings associated with various third-wave CBT treatment programs on substance abuse outcome will be reviewed. Implications for research on 12-Step interventions based on areas of convergence of these psychotherapeutic approaches are also discussed.
Murine leukemia virus targets innate-like B1 B cells to establish infection in mice

Background Retroviruses are believed to efficiently spread via sites of cell-cell contact designated virological synapses. This model was developed based on in vitro evidence in which infected cells establish cell-cell contact with uninfected cells. Applying intravital microscopy, we were recently able to provide in vivo support for the existence of virological synapses within the lymph node of living mice. Visualizing cells infected with fluorescently labeled murine leukemia virus (MLV) we identified B cells that were able to form long-lived virological synapses with uninfected lymphocytes [1]. In vivo virological synapses were, like their in vitro counterpart, dependent on the expression of the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) and characterized by a prolonged polarization of viral capsid to the cell-cell interface. B cells were among the first cells to become infected by incoming MLV. However, the specific subtype of B cells that is susceptible to MLV had remained unknown.
Immediate primary realignment of prostatomembranous urethral disruptions using endourologic techniques

Abstract Objectives. A new technique is described for primary realignment of prostatomembranous urethral disruptions using endourologic techniques. Methods. Realignment was achieved in 3 patients on the day of injury. Primary urethral realignment is achieved by passing a council-tip catheter over a guidewire inserted during antegrade flexible cystourethroscopy. Results. Three patients underwent successful realignment on the day of injury. With an average follow-up of 6 months, 2 patients are voiding spontaneously without evidence of a urethral stricture; 1 patient developed a stricture necessitating delayed urethroplasty. All patients have retained their potency and continence. Conclusions. Our technique provides an expeditious, simple, and atraumatic means of obtaining primary realignment of acute prostatomembranous urethral disruptions.
SOME PERCEPTIONS OF THE STUDENT-ATHLETE

Summry.-To determine whether the stereotype of the "dumb jock" is prevalent among college students, 88 subjects were exposed to information about a stimulus person who was described as either male or female and as an athlete (swimmer) or not. Posttest results showed that the athlete was rated higher in healthiness, extraversion, assertiveness, competitiveness, as well as athleticism. However, there was no evidence of the "dumb jock" stereotype under the present conditions. This study was conceived as a preliminary investigation of the stereotype of the "dumb jock. Stereotypes are somewhat rigid and oversimplified ideas of groups of people in which all of the group members are labeled with the presumed group characteristics (Wrightsman & Deaux, 1981). Is an individual today perceived as less intelligent merely because he is an athlete? While the complete answer to that question may depend upon such variables as who is attributing intelligence and which sort of athletic prowess is involved, this initial study was designed to determine if the stereotype was very prevalent toward student-athletes. Following the general procedure of the classic work of Asch (1946), subjects were given information about a fictitious stimulus person and were then asked to record their impressions on 11 bipolar traits. The key trait of interest was intelligence. METHOD
ENDOCRINE EFFECTS OF DIENCEPHALIC LESIONS IN THE WHITE LEGHORN HEN.

Abstract Electrolytic coagulation of areas on the diencephalon of the adult White Leghorn hen has been made with the assistance of a Stellar stereotaxic instrument and an X-ray machine. Comb and wattle factors, egg-laying cycles, acidophil counts, adrenal corticoid concentration, and histological studies of the oviducts, adrenals, and thyroid glands have been recorded. Cessation of egg-laying was brought about by lesions in the nucleus paraventricularis, median eminence, and pars tuberalis. These lesions also reduced the size of the comb and wattles. Some of the lesioned birds exhibited an increase in acidophils, possibly due to the destruction of an area controlling “normal acidophil levels”. There did not appear to be any correlation between lesioned areas and corticoid titer of any of the birds 2 weeks following the operations. Hens with lesions in the nucleus supraopticus, preoptic division, showed a thyroid histological picture that indicated a reduction in activity of the gland.
Adapting and implementing an evidence-based treatment with justice-involved adolescents: the example of multidimensional family therapy

For over four decades family therapy research and family centered evidence-based therapies for justice-involved youths have played influential roles in changing policies and services for these young people and their families. But research always reveals challenges as well as advances. To be sure, demonstration that an evidence-based therapy yields better outcomes than comparison treatments or services as usual is an accomplishment. But the extraordinary complexity embedded in that assertion feels tiny relative to what we are now learning about the so-called transfer of evidence-based treatments to real world practice settings. Today's family therapy studies continue to assess outcome with diverse samples and presenting problems, but research and funding priorities also include studying particular treatments in nonresearch settings. Does an evidence-based intervention work as well in a community clinic, with clinic personnel? How much of a treatment has to change to be accepted and implemented in a community clinic? Perhaps it is the setting and existing procedures that have to change? And, in those cases, do accommodations to the context compromise outcomes? Thankfully, technology transfer notions gave way to more systemic, dynamic, and frankly, more family therapy-like conceptions of the needed process. Implementation science became the more sensible, as well as the theoretically and empirically stronger overarching framework within which the evidence-based family based therapies now operate. Using the example of Multidimensional Family Therapy, this article discusses treatment development, refinement, and implementation of that adapted approach in a particular clinical context-a sector of the juvenile justice system-juvenile detention. Language: en
From an awareness of scientific data to concerns of mankind: Strategies for affective instruction in science

And God said, Let us make man in our image after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.
Do macrophages kill through apoptosis

Macrophages can kill target cells independent of conventional immune specificity. Based on a re-examination of literature three decades old and recent experiments, Antonios Aliprantis and colleagues propose that macrophages kill target cells by inducing apoptosis. For this purpose, macrophages employ a selection of pro-apoptotic mediators including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and tumour necrosis factor alpha.
Chromatographic studies of dissolved organic matter and copper-organic complexes isolated from estuarine waters

Abstract Dissolved organic matter (DOM) and dissolved copper-organic complexes were isolated from the estuarine waters of Narragansett Bay, RI, using reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). Different types of reverse-phase BOND ELUT columns (Analytichem International), including C 2 , C 18 and phenyl-bonded phases, were studied to determine their adsorption efficiency for extracting DOM. Extraction efficiencies followed the order phenyl > C 18 > C 2 , and phenyl − C 18 > C 2 for DOM and organic copper, respectively. However, comparisons of BOND ELUT and C 18 SEP-PAK (Waters Associates) columns indicated that SEP-PAK columns were the most efficient when both DOM and organic copper were considered. Chromatographic profiles of the isolated DOM obtained using high-performance liquid chromatography were similar in elution characteristics and resembled chromatograms typical of fulvic acid. The UV-absorption characteristics of the DOM showed small differences and suggested that the different reverse-phase columns isolated material that was qualitatively similar. Copper-organic complexes isolated using C 18 RPLC were studied to examine the dissociation of organically bound copper in seawater as the pH is lowered. Only a small amount of the complexed copper was displaced by the H + with about 40% of the copper remaining bound at pH 3. However, the chromatographic elution behavior of the DOM and organic copper was significantly altered under acidic conditions as a result of protonation of acidic functional sites on the organic matter.
Impact of lifestyle intervention and metformin on health-related quality of life: the diabetes prevention program randomized trial.

BACKGROUND Adults at high risk for diabetes may have reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
An electrophoretic comparison of the serum proteins of fetal and adult Nutria (Myocastor coypus).

Abstract 1. 1. Adults contain one protein band not present in the fetuses. 2. 2. The concentrations of both globulins and albumins are greater in the adults. 3. 3. The lipoprotein concentrations of fetuses and adults differ.
Trauma and Dissociation in the Philippines

Abstract The limited literature on trauma and psychopathology in the Philippines makes virtually no reference to dissociation or dissociative disorders. This article reviews descriptions of religious rituals, reports of spirit possession, case study material, and results from the author's study (Gingrich, 2004). These findings indicate that dissociative phenomena, and dissociative disorders, including dissociative identity disorder, are present in the Philippines. Whether these dissociative experiences manifest themselves in culturally specific or more universal ways is discussed in terms of the Filipino view of self and other aspects of the cultural context. The article places the Philippines in its historical and cultural context, examines the literature on trauma and abuse in the Philippines, discusses local views on dissociation, looks at indicators of a possible link between trauma and dissociation, and makes recommendations for future research.
Distribution of product and quotient of Bessel function variates

In this paper, the technique of Mellin transforms is employed to obtain the distribution of the product and quotient of two independent Bessel function random variables. Two different types of Bessel function variates are considered. The results are then specialized to yield a wide variety of classical distributions of importance in applications.
Stark Acceleration of Rydberg Atoms in Inhomogeneous Electric Fields

A method is proposed to decelerate neutral atoms in a thermal beam for purposes of precision spectroscopy, atomic clocks, or loading into shallow traps. Rydberg atoms exhibit large electric dipole moments suggesting that inhomogenous fields can exert forces on them. The resultant change in kinetic energy is equal to the Stark shift of the Rydberg state. It has been found that a series of tandem electrode pairs can reduce atomic velocities by a factor of 10. Various limitations and constraints are discussed.
The low-temperature spectral properties of mammalian cytochrome oxidase. I. The enzyme in intact rat-liver mitochondria

Abstract The liquid-N 2 temperature spectra of cytochrome oxidase (cytochrome c :O 2 oxidoreductase, EC 1.9.3.1) in rat-liver mitochondria are presented. Sulfide is postulated to inhibit respiration by forming an oxidized cytochrome a 3 -sulfide compound. The azide-inhibited cytochrome oxidase is characterized by the presence of a form of reduced cytochrome a which has a spectrum different from the usual spectrum of reduced cytochrome a both in the alpha and Soret regions. No evidence was found for interaction of cytochromes a and a 3 in such a manner that either the spectrum of the reduced cytochrome a or its reactivity toward azide were affected by the valence state of cytochrome a 3 .
TU-EE-A2-01: A Linear-Quadratic-Linear Formulation to Model Radiation Dose-Response

Purpose: Recent technological advances enable radiotherapy to be delivered in a highly conformal manner almost anywhere in the body. This has renewed interest in hypofractionation wherein the tumor is delivered a few fractions of large dose/fraction. Extrapolating clinical experience with conventional fractionations to fractions of high dose is important when designing hypofractionated regimens. Method and Materials: The concept of biologically effective dose (BED) based on the linear‐quadratic (LQ) formulation e −(α D + β D 2 ) is useful for intercomparing conventional fractionations but is suspect at high dose because the LQ curve bends continuously on the log‐linear plot. A linear‐quadratic‐linear (LQ‐L) formulation which better fits the final exponential response of experimental dose‐response studies at high dose is described. This new formulation requires only one new term, the dose DT at which the LQ curve transitions to a linear tail. LQ‐L is applied to published dose‐response curves and the clinical implications of LQ‐L are examined across a wide range of fractionations. Results: For fractions of high dose, the LQ formulation underestimates the dose per fraction required to maintain equivalency with conventional regimens. The LQ‐L model fits a wide variety of experimental survival data over a wide range of dose. When D T = 2α/β Gy , the line tangent to the LQ curve at DT intersects the e−αD and e−βD2 curves at dose α/β and also closely fits the linear response in the high dose region of many in vitro studies. Conclusion: For fractions of high dose LQ‐L gives better estimates of BED than LQ because LQ‐L better fits experimental dose‐response in the high dose region. This is particularly important when planning hypofractionated regimens for reactions with low α/β such as prostate cancer or late sequelae because D T ≈ 2α/β Gy for these reactions falls within the contemplated range of hypofractional doses.
Single trial coupling of Purkinje cell activity to speed and error signals during circular manual tracking.

The simple spike firing of cerebellar Purkinje cells encodes information on the kinematics of limb movements. However, these conclusions have been primarily based on averaging the discharge of Purkinje cells across trials and time and there is little information on whether Purkinje cell simple spike firing encodes specific motor errors during limb movements. Therefore, this study investigated single-trial correlations between the instantaneous simple spike firing of Purkinje cells with various kinematics and error signals. Purkinje cells (n = 126) were recorded in the intermediate and lateral zones centered on the primary fissure while three monkeys intercepted and tracked a target moving in a circle. Cross-correlation analysis was performed between the instantaneous simple spike firing rate and speed, the directional component of the velocity vector, and error signals during single movement trials. Significant correlations at physiologically relevant lags of ±250 ms were observed with tracking speed for 37% of Purkinje cells, with the velocity component in 39%, with direction error in 6% and speed error in 25%. Simple spike firing of the majority of Purkinje cells with significant correlation showed a negative lag with respect to speed and a positive lag with respect to error signals. We hypothesize that the cerebellum is involved in movement planning and control by continuously monitoring movement errors and making intermittent corrections that are represented as fluctuations in the speed profile.
THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM OF GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS

An electron microscopic survey has been made of the gastric parietal or oxyntic cell of the human, cat, beaver, dog, hamster, rat, mouse, and bat, and of the corresponding cell type in two species of frog, two species of toad, and the horned lizard. A feature consistently found in the parietal cells of the mammals or their equivalent in the lower vertebrates is the agranular endoplasmic reticulum, which takes the form of branching and anastomosing small tubules approximately 200 to 500 A in diameter, sometimes expanded into flattened cisternae. In mammalian parietal cells this form of the endoplasmic reticulum is found only in limited amounts, but in the corresponding secretory cells of the amphibia and reptilia the tubular agranular reticulum is abundant. It is believed to comprise a more or less continuous system of channels, but owing to their tortuous course only short profiles are seen in thin sections. Immediately subjacent to the plasmalemma at the free surface, the cytoplasm is relatively free of organelles but is occasionally traversed by the agranular reticulum, which appears to be continuous at some points with the cell surface. The possible participation of the agranular endoplasmic reticulum in hydrochloric acid secretion is discussed.
Stress Symptoms of Two Groups before and after the Terrorist Attacks of 9/11/01:

Strmmaty.-This study investigated stress symptoms before and after the September 11. 2001 rerrorist attack on the World Trade Center. Res~onses to the Smith Stress Symptoms Inventory were compared for Chicago area college sci~denrs assessed 1 to 5 weeks after 9/11 in= 149) and a comparable sample tested up to 5 months prior to 9/11 (11=320). Post-9/11 participants scored higher on Attention Deficit. Contrary to prior research, post-9/11 participants did not score higher on distress, including Worry, Autonomic ArousaVAnxiety, Striated Muscle Tension, Depression, and Anger. It is suggested that those indirectly exposed to a terrorist attack may display traditional symptoms of distress and arousal (as suggc.,rcd by previous research). Later symptoms of attention deficit and distancing m:ly cmcrpe. This work was based on independent pre- and post-9/11 s~mples and must be replicated longitudinaUy as a testretest to draw conclusions r~~.~~clrng change over time.
Association of Kawasaki disease and interstitial nephritis.

Renal insufficiency is a rare manifestation of Kawasaki disease. We report a 2·5-year-old boy with Kawasaki disease who developed acute renal failure during the acute phase of his illness. A percutaneous renal biopsy revealed acute interstitial nephritis. No etiological agent could be identified and renal recovery occurred with supportive care alone.
The use and abuse of data: nomograms and talking to patients about clinical medicine.

Abstract Objective To review the development of nomograms and consortia efforts applying these tools to model outcome predictions associated with radical cystectomy. Findings Nomograms have been developed that provide individualized prediction of recurrence and survival following radical cystectomy, which provide significant improvement in predictive accuracy over tradition TNM staging. Conclusions Nomograms provide individualized risk assessment and outperform expert physician and conventional models used to predict outcome. Addition of biologic markers may improve predictive capability and improve the clinical utility of these valuable tools.
First-Passage Time Distribution of Brownian Motion as a Reliability Model

Since the inverse Gaussian distribution arises as the distribution of first passage time of Brownian motion, its applicability to lifetime or survival situations is a natural consequence. The failure rate for the inverse Gaussian distribution first increases until it reaches its maximum value somewhere to the right of the mode, then it decreases monotonically to a non-zero asymptotic value. This paper fits the inverse Gaussian distribution model to observed failure data of high speed steel tools in machining low carbon steel. Then the lognormal distribution model is hypothesized for the same failure data. The inverse Gaussian fits better.
Node selection for probing connections in evoked dynamic networks

We consider the problem of optimal probing to learn connectivity weights in an evoked dynamic network. Such a network, in which each edge measures an input-output relationship between sites in sensor/actuator-space, is relevant to applications in neural medicine and other settings in which the underlying physical network structure is not well-known. We show that the problem of selecting which node to probe amounts to a problem of optimal sensor scheduling. In this case, the solution to the greedy probing strategy has a convenient solution. Furthermore, we show that under certain conditions, the greedy probing strategy is optimal over a finite horizon and, moreover, that it amounts to periodic ‘round-robin’ scheduling.
TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE DEPENDENCE OF THE CHEMICAL SHIFT OF GASES

Abstract More accurate measurements of the temperature and density dependence of the second virial screening coefficient shows that the change in chemical shift can be described in terms of the London dispersion field and a field due to repulsion.
Prospect theory, behavioral theory, and the threat-rigidity thesis: Combinative effects on organizational decisions to divest formerly acquired units

By complementing prospect theory with organization-level behavioral theory and the threat-rigidity thesis, I study how factors unique to an organizational level can interact with the individual-lev...
REASSESSING THE N-RAYS REFERENCE NETWORK: THE ROLE OF SELF CITATIONS AND NEGATIVE CITATIONS

In his article “networks of Scientific Papers”,Price argued that the N-rays reference network exhibits characteristics one would expect for a cumulative and rapidly developing research area. Although subsequent researchers have questioned Price's characterization of the N-rays network, there have been no replications of Price's work for either the N-rays literature or for any other literature. We reexamine the N-rays reference network, this time distinguishing negative citations and self citations from other citations. Although previous studies of negative and self citations show they are relatively infrequent in scientific literatures, we find that both are very prominent in the N-rays literature. In addition, we show that self citations comprise most of the “recency effect” observed in the N-rays reference network, and that the high level of self citations in the N-rays literature results primarily from the character of the journal that published the majority of the N-rays papers. Our findings therefore support those who have been skeptical about Price's claim that the N-rays reference graph exemplifies basic characteristics of the structure of scientific literatures.
METHODS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PICK AND PLACE MICROASSEMBLY

Microassembly of MEMS structures using serial pick-and place has been demonstrated as a method for constructing complex three-dimensional microstructures. A new methodology to perform pick-and-place microassembly using a 3 DOF micromanipulator is demonstrated here. In this approach, the "pick" operation is performed on one chip, while the "place" operation is performed on a second chip mounted orthogonally to it under a microscope. This removes the need for the rotation of parts during assembly as required in previous works thus creating a significantly simpler assembly process. Also new in this work is the characterization of the contact resistance and the rigidity of assembled microstructures. The contact resistance of assembled microparts coated with 30nm of gold is measured to be approximately 12Ωusing a four-point measurement. The force required to pull out a micropart from a socket (into which it is assembled) is characterized along all three axes and found to be over 5mN in each case. The relationship between the force taken to engage the sockets and the force to pull out a micropart is measured to be linear. An electrostatic inchworm motor with extended range and a vertical thermal actuator are demonstrated which are manufactured using microassembly. Thus this assembly process with mechanically rigid assemblies is shown to have a number of potential applications.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Intelligent control of large power transformer cooling pumps

The paper describes a novel approach to the control of large power transformer cooling. An intelligent controller is proposed taking elements of fuzzy logic and neural networks, together with recent advances in sensor technologies. This controller drives the cooling system to operate in flow and temperature regimes which limit the problem of streaming electrification while minimising thermal degradation of the insulation. A simplified example is given to demonstrate the viability of the proposed controller.
Achieving efficiency with manipulative bargainers

Abstract Two agents bargain over the allocation of a bundle of divisible commodities. After strategically reporting utility functions to a neutral arbitrator, the outcome is decided by using a bargaining solution concept chosen from a family that includes the Nash and the Raiffa–Kalai–Smorodinsky solutions. When reports are restricted to be continuous, strictly increasing and concave, it has been shown that this kind of “distortion game” leads to inefficient outcomes. We study the distortion game originated when agents are also allowed to claim non-concave utility functions. Contrasting with the previous literature, any interior equilibrium outcome is efficient and any efficient allocation can be supported as an equilibrium outcome of the distortion game. In a similar fashion to the Nash demand game we consider some uncertainty about the opponent's features to virtually implement the Nash bargaining solution.