cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Close relationship between A and I blood groups.

IN a previous report1 we showed that ganglioside, a class of complex sphingolipids isolated from brain tissue, inhibited several blood group antibodies, namely, anti-A, anti-M and anti-Rh0 (D). Since then2 we have found that anti-I and anti-O also were inhibited by gangliosides although anti-H was not. It has recently been found that anti-H (lectin) was less easily inhibited by gangliosida than human anti-H. In an extensive study of the association between ABH (O) and I, Gold3 found a parallel between the agglutinability of cells by anti-O, anti-A1, and anti-I. Schmidt and McGinniss4 demonstrated that the serological similarity between anti-O and anti-I sera does not extend to anti-H reagents and suggested establishing this blood group system as the OI rather than the HI system.
Carcinosarcoma (Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Tumor) of the Uterus: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Pathologic Study of 203 Cases

We report on the pathologic findings in primary tumors and metastases in 203 cases of stage I and II endometrial carcinosarcoma (malignant mixed mesodermal tumor) subjected to hysterectomy and staging laparotomy. Metastases were studied in 40 of these cases, including 34 with positive findings in the pelvic and/or para-aortic lymph nodes. Features of the stromal component of the primary tumors, including grade, mitotic index, and the presence and types of heterologous elements, showed no relation to the presence of metastases at operation. High-grade, serous, and clear cell carcinomatous components, on the other hand, were associated with a higher frequency of metastases, as were deep myometrial invasion, lymphatic or vascular space invasion, and involvement of the isthmus or cervix. The current concepts of histogenesis and differentiation of these tumors are discussed, and the suggestion is made that they might represent metaplastic carcinomas.
Interdisciplinary Research Career Development: Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health Program Best Practices

Abstract Background: The Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Institutes and Centers and the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (AHRQ) have sponsored an interdisciplinary research career development program in five funding cycles since 2000 through a K12 mechanism titled “Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health (BIRCWH).” As of 2010, 407 scholars have been supported in interdisciplinary women's health research and a total of 63 BIRCWH program awards have been made to 41 institutions across the U.S. Methods: In an effort to share practical approaches to interdisciplinary research training, currently funded BIRCWH sites were invited to submit 300-word bullet-point style summaries describing their best practices in interdisciplinary research training following a common format with an emphasis on practices that are innovative, can be reproduced in other places, and advance women's health research. Results and Conclusions: Twenty...
Feeding behavior of lean and obese pigs

Abstract Daily feeding behavior was characterized in ad lib fed lean Yorkshire and obese Ossabaw pigs from 12 to 14 weeks of age. Obese pigs consumed more feed per unit body weight, spent more time eating per day, and exhibited a slower rate of eating compared to lean pigs. Diurnal distribution of feeding bouts also differed in the two pig strains with obese pigs exhibiting a tendency to equalize feeding activity over a 24-hr period. The nature of these differences in feeding behavior and their possible relationship with metabolic processes and endocrine status characteristic of obesity were discussed.
Benefits of computer‐mediated communication in college courses

This essay explores the benefits of augmenting college‐level courses with computer‐mediated communication (CMC). It discusses how CMC can be used to enhance communication among teachers and students from the perspective of a pedagogy that seeks to increase student responsibility and autonomy. In the first part of the article I outline the philosophy that directed my choice of pedagogical methods; then I describe how CMC worked in three courses and what interactions occurred as a result; and finally I present reasons for using CMC in future course offerings.
Reliability-centric gate sizing with simultaneous optimization of soft error rate, delay and power

The reliability against transient faults poses a significant challenge due to technology scaling trends. Several circuit optimization techniques have been proposed in the literature for preventing soft errors in logic circuits. However, most approaches do not incorporate the effects of other design metrics like delay and power while optimizing the circuit for soft error protection. In this work, we develop a first order model of the soft error phenomenon in logic circuits and incorporate power and delay metrics to formulate a convex programming based reliability-centric gate sizing technique. The proposed algorithm has been implemented and validated on the ISCAS`85 benchmarks. Experimental results indicate that our multi-objective optimization technique can achieve significant reductions in soft error rate with simultaneous optimization of delay and power.
Reactivity to alcohol-related stimuli in the laboratory and in the field: predictors of craving in treated alcoholics.

Aims (1) To search for predictors of alcohol craving in treated alcoholics; (2) to evaluate the relationship between craving and drinking immediately after treatment. Design Alcoholic patients in treatment underwent cue-reactivity trails in the laboratory and then recorded craving in the field using hand-held computers. Laboratory craving was correlated with craving in the field, and moods and situations recorded in the field were correlated with contemporaneous craving ratings using a multi-level correlational design. Setting A VA Medical Center substance abuse treatment program provided the treatment and laboratory settings. The patients' home environment was the field setting. Participants Male alcohol-dependent veterans (N = 26) treated in a VA inpatient or intensive outpatient program. Intervention Participants underwent two cue-reactivity laboratory sessions prior to discharge to measure craving. Following discharge, participants recorded drinking and cravings eight times per day for 21 consecutive days. Measurements Craving ratings in the laboratory and multiple recordings per day of surroundings, craving and mood state in the field. Findings Desire to drink in the laboratory accounted for 8-10% of the variance in later drinking and urges to drink recorded in the field--a modest correlation. Frequency of positive urges in the field was significantly correlated with drinking frequency. Those who reported urges in the field had greater alcohol dependence and higher trait anger and anxiety scores than non-reporters. Conclusions Craving is related to drinking immediately following treatment, and is most likely in those who have more severe dependence and greater mood disturbance. These individuals may benefit most from interventions for coping with cravings after treatment.
A New Twist on a Classic Paradigm: Illumination of a Genetic Switch in Vibrio cholerae Phage CTXΦ

Regulatory circuits that control the life cycles of bacteriophage have served as important models for understanding complex regulatory networks in all organisms. Many lysogenic bacteriophage can exist in a dormant state in which the phage DNA is integrated into the bacterial chromosome. Maintenance of this “prophage state” is achieved through finely tuned regulatory circuits built in a manner that enables prophage induction, i.e., the production of phage particles, to occur in a rapid and efficient manner upon exposure to acute cellular stress. The paradigm for such regulatory circuits is the classic “genetic switch” of bacteriophage λ (8), in which prophage induction is governed by a phage-encoded DNA binding protein, λCI, which represses expression of the genes that control phage production and cell lysis. Proper functioning of the λ switch requires that the intracellular levels of λCI be precisely controlled, which is accomplished through the ability of λCI to regulate expression of its own gene through an auto-feedback loop. In this issue of the Journal of Bacteriology, Kimsey and Waldor illuminate features of a regulatory circuit that controls production of the filamentous bacteriophage CTXΦ in Vibrio cholerae (5), which bears similarities to the genetic switch of λ. The CTXΦ switch is governed by two transcription factors, the host-encoded SOS response regulator LexA and the phage-encoded repressor RstR. Prior work had suggested that the intracellular levels of RstR must be precisely controlled to ensure the proper functioning of the CTXΦ switch. Kimsey and Waldor's study now provides evidence that control of the intracellular levels of RstR is mediated, in part, through a unique LexA-dependent auto-feedback loop. Kimsey and Waldor propose that these novel features of the CTXΦ switch allow the circuit to exhibit transient, reversible behavior upon induction.
Live and online: using co-streaming to reach users.

The increase in distance education students and the changing preferences for online instruction led the Health Sciences Library to seek creative approaches to traditional classroom instruction. Library instructors compared two different class formats: online-only classes and in-person classes with online sections. The second format, called “co-streaming,” provided instruction in traditional classroom and virtual environments at the same time. A postclass survey was used to gather users' evaluations of the instruction and the format via which it was offered. This paper examines the user response to, and satisfaction with, the co-streaming classes.
Single-cell monitoring using fiberoptic nanosensors

This article is a review on the design, fabrication, and applications of fiberoptic nanosensors for in vivo monitoring of individual living cells. The nanosensors were fabricated with tapered optical fibers with distal ends having nanometer-sized diameters. Bioreceptors, such as antibody, peptides, and nucleic acids, are immobilized on the fiber tips and designed to be selective to target analyte molecules of interest. A laser beam is transmitted into the fiber, producing an evanescent field at the tip of the nanofiber that is used to excite target molecules bound to the bioreceptor molecules. The fluorescence originated from the analyte molecules is detected by a photo-detection system. The advantages and limitations of nanosensors in providing minimally invasive tools to probe subcellular compartments inside individual living cells for health effect studies and medical applications are discussed in detail.
Cross-ideological discussions among conservative and liberal bloggers

With the increasing spread of information technologies and their potential to filter content, some have argued that people will abandon the reading of dissenting political opinions in favor of material that is closely aligned with their own ideological position. We test this theory empirically by analyzing—both quantitatively and qualitatively—Web links among the writings of top conservative and liberal bloggers. Given our use of novel methods, we discuss in detail our sampling and data collection methodologies. We find that widely read political bloggers are much more likely to link to others who share their political views. However, we find no increase in this pattern over time. We also analyze the content of the links and find that while many of the links are based on straw-man arguments, bloggers across the political spectrum also address each others’ writing substantively, both in agreement and disagreement.
Random lasers with coherent feedback

We review our recent work on lasing in active random media. Light scattering, which had been regarded as detrimental to lasing action for a long time, actually provided coherent feedback for lasing. The fundamental difference and transition between a random laser with coherent feedback and a random laser with incoherent feedback were illustrated. We also trapped laser light in micrometer-sized random media. The trapping was caused by disorder-induced scattering and interference. This nontraditional way of light confinement has important applications to microlasers.
Nondestructive Strength Assessment of In-Place Wood Utility Poles

In-place nondestructive simulation evaluation of the remaining bending strength of wooden utility poles is vital to the continued and successful operation of the poles, viability of the electrical transmission and delivery system, and reduction of system disruption potential. A methodology for nondestructively assessing the strength of in-place wood utility poles was developed and is proposed in this paper. Because of the nonhomogeneous and anisotropic nature of wood and the variability of in-place utility poles, a deterministic approach does not seem feasible. The proposed method combines multiple variables to statistically predict the breaking strength, or modulus of rupture, of wood poles. The full-scale testing methodology was tested on real life poles. Results from in-field simulation tests were correlated to data from failure testing of the full-scale poles. The proposed static bending approach is quite accurate, utilizing a device that applies a horizontal force on an in-place utility pole and measures the resulting deflection. The slope of the force-deflection curve and the pole moment of inertia from a regression analysis correlate well to the breaking strength of the poles. Additionally, a method for measuring and adjusting for the tilt of the utility pole under test was determined. Full-scale field simulated testing and break testing data that provide significant insight into nondestructive wood pole testing are provided in this paper. Recommendations for increasing the validity of the proposed model with additional test data, together with implementation of additional relevant parameters, are made.
Compact schemes in application to singular reaction-diffusion equations

A high order compact scheme is employed to obtain the numerical solution of a singular, one-dimensional, reaction-diffusion equation of the quenching-type motivated by models describing combustion processes. The adaptation of the temporal step is discussed in light of the proposed theory. A condition, reminiscent of the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition, is determined to guarantee that the numerical solution monotonically increases, a property the analytic solution is known to exhibit. Strong stability is proven in a Von-Neumann sense via the 2-norm. Computational examples illustrate the spatial convergence and quenching times are calculated for particular singular source terms.
Total Charge Movement per Channel The Relation between Gating Charge Displacement and the Voltage Sensitivity of Activation

One measure of the voltage dependence of ion channel conductance is the amount of gating charge that moves during activation and vice versa. The limiting slope method, introduced by Almers (Almers, W. 1978. Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 82:96–190), exploits the relationship of charge movement and voltage sensitivity, yielding a lower limit to the range of single channel gating charge displacement. In practice, the technique is plagued by low experimental resolution due to the requirement that the logarithmic voltage sensitivity of activation be measured at very low probabilities of opening. In addition, the linear sequential models to which the original theory was restricted needed to be expanded to accommodate the complexity of mechanisms available for the activation of channels. In this communication, we refine the theory by developing a relationship between the mean activation charge displacement (a measure of the voltage sensitivity of activation) and the gating charge displacement (the integral of gating current). We demonstrate that recording the equilibrium gating charge displacement as an adjunct to the limiting slope technique greatly improves accuracy under conditions where the plots of mean activation charge displacement and gross gating charge displacement versus voltage can be superimposed. We explore this relationship for a wide variety of channel models, which include those having a continuous density of states, nonsequential activation pathways, and subconductance states. We introduce new criteria for the appropriate use of the limiting slope procedure and provide a practical example of the theory applied to low resolution simulation data.
On autocorrelation-based multiantenna spectrum sensing for cognitive radios in unknown noise

Recently several time-domain approaches relying on the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) paradigm have been proposed for multiple antenna spectrum sensing in cognitive radios. These approaches are suitable for flat-fading channels in white noise with equal noise variances across antennas; knowledge of the noise variance is not required, unlike the energy detector. In this paper we investigate a method based on the sample autocorrelation of the received multiantenna signal where we allow the noise variances to be different at different antennas without requiring knowledge of their values. A performance analysis of the proposed detector is carried out. Supporting simulation examples are provided.
Approximate Kalman filters for embedding author-word co-occurrence data over time

We address the problem of embedding entities into Euclidean space over time based on co-occurrence data. We extend the CODE model of [1] to a dynamic setting. This leads to a non-standard factored state space model with real-valued hidden parent nodes and discrete observation nodes. We investigate the use of variational approximations applied to the observation model that allow us to formulate the entire dynamic model as a Kalman filter. Applying this model to temporal co-occurrence data yields posterior distributions of entity coordinates in Euclidean space that are updated over time. Initial results on per-year co-occurrences of authors and words in the NIPS corpus and on synthetic data, including videos of dynamic embeddings, seem to indicate that the model results in embeddings of co-occurrence data that are meaningful both temporally and contextually.
Dispersion measurement in clogged filter beds: A diagnostic study on the morphology of particle deposits

The use of tracer dispersion measurements in conjunction with associated pressure drop data, as an indirect diagnostic technique for the determination of particle deposit morphology in deep-bed filters, was investigated. The dispersion measurements consisted of the injection of an electrolyte tracer pulse at the inlet and the monitoring of the tracer peak as it traveled down the bed, while the pressure drop data consisted of the axial pressure gradient histories as deposition took place. These data are interpreted using dispersion and pressure drop theories established on the basis of assumed models of deposit morphology. The validity of this technique was confirmed experimentally.
Occasional dropped ventricular pacing in a patient with no underlying rhythm and an Advisa® dual-chamber pacemaker

An 86-year-old white male brought to the emergency room for weakness and lethargy was found to have third degree AV block with a left bundle branch escape rhythm ( Figure 1A ). An Advisa MRI® (Medtronic) dual-chamber pacemaker was implanted. Telemetry tracings revealed asymptomatic episodes of isolated …
Probabilistic Generative Models of the Social Annotation Process

With the growth in the past few years of social tagging services like Delicious and CiteULike, there is growing interest in modeling and mining these social systems for deriving implicit social collective intelligence. In this paper, we propose and explore two probabilistic generative models of the social annotation (or tagging) process with an emphasis on user participation. These models leverage the inherent social communities implicit in these tagging services. We compare the proposed models to two prominent probabilistic topic models (Latent Dirichlet Allocation and Pachinko Allocation) via an experimental study of the popular Delicious tagging service. We find that the proposed community-based annotation models identify more coherent implicit structures than the alternatives and are better suited to handle unseen social annotation data.
Fabrication and hydrogen sorption behaviour of nanoparticulate MgH2 incorporated in a porous carbon host.

Nanoparticles of MgH_2 incorporated in a mesoporous carbon aerogel demonstrated accelerated hydrogen exchange kinetics but no thermodynamic change in the equilibrium hydrogen pressure. Aerogels contained pores from <2 to ~30 nm in diameter with a peak at 13 nm in the pore size distribution. Nanoscale MgH_2 was fabricated by depositing wetting layers of nickel or copper on the aerogel surface, melting Mg into the aerogel, and hydrogenating the Mg to MgH_2. Aerogels with metal wetting layers incorporated 9–16 wt% MgH_2, while a metal free aerogel incorporated only 3.6 wt% MgH_2. The improved hydrogen sorption kinetics are due to both the aerogel limiting the maximum MgH_2 particle diameter and a catalytic effect from the Ni and Cu wetting layers. At 250 °C, MgH_2 filled Ni decorated and Cu decorated carbon aerogels released H_2 at 25 wt% h^−1 and 5.5 wt% h^−1, respectively, while a MgH_2 filled aerogel without catalyst desorbed only 2.2 wt% h^−1 (all wt% h^−1 values are with respect to MgH_2 mass). At the same temperature, MgH_2 ball milled with synthetic graphite desorbed only 0.12 wt% h^−1, which demonstrated the advantage of incorporating nanoparticles in a porous host.
Television Viewing Patterns in 6- to 18-Month-Olds: The Role of Caregiver-Infant Interactional Quality.

The present study examines coviewing of Baby Mozart by 6- to 18-monthold infants and their caregivers under naturalistic conditions. We had two questions. First, extending the method of Barr, Zack, Garcia, and Muentener (Infancy, 13 [2008], 30–56) to a younger population, we asked if age, prior exposure, and caregiver verbal input would predict infant looking to a Baby Mozart video from 6 to 18 months. Second, we asked if caregiver–infant interactional quality, defined as the amount of shared focus and turn taking between infant and caregiver, would be associated with infant looking time. We found that, in addition to the anticipated effect of prior exposure and caregiver verbal input, interactional quality measures were related to infant media-directed looking. Infants who engaged in more shared focus and turn taking looked more to the program than infants who interacted less with their caregivers. These results are discussed in terms of social mediation of coviewing during early infancy. In recent years, the availability and use of infant-directed media has increased substantially. During the 1990s, approximately 17% of children younger than 1 year of age were exposed to television and videos, while in recent years that number has increased to more than 50% (Anderson & Pempek, 2005; Courage & Setliff, 2009; DeLoache & Chiong, 2009;
Aggressive calls improve leading callers’ attractiveness in the treefrog Dendropsophus ebraccatus

In complex acoustic choruses, competitive call timing interactions are often important in female mate choice. In the treefrog Dendropsophus ebraccatus, neighboring males’ advertisement calls tend to overlap and females prefer lagging calls. Males that produce leading advertisement calls are thus at a disadvantage relative to lagging males. In this study, I propose a novel strategy by which leading males may overcome this problem: the production of aggressive calls. Aggressive calls are longer than advertisement calls. Therefore, if a lagging male responds with an advertisement call to a leading aggressive call, the leading aggressive call may end after the lagging call. If females prefer calls that end last, then leading aggressive calls may be more attractive. I compared female preferences for advertisement and aggressive calls when they either overlapped, with the aggressive call leading, or alternated. Females preferred the advertisement call in alternation, but this preference was abolished when it overlapped with the aggressive call. I recorded interactions between pairs of males to determine whether leading males utilized aggressive calls as predicted. Among leading calls, aggressive calls were more likely to end after lagging calls than were advertisement calls. When switches to aggressive calling occurred after a bout of overlapping advertisement calls, it was more likely that the male that switched to aggressive calling had been in the leading position previously. These experiments suggest a strategy for leading males to reduce their disadvantage in call timing interactions and provide an explanation for this species’ high levels of
The Risk of Ischaemic Colitis in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients Treated with Serotonergic Therapies

Ischaemic colitis (IC) is the most common form of ischaemic injury to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. IC typically presents with the sudden onset of lower abdominal pain, cramping and rectal bleeding, and is usually self-limited with low morbidity, although it may cause gangrenous or fulminant colitis, especially when the right colon is involved. Multiple medical conditions, as well as several pharmacological agents, are associated with IC, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and drugs used for its treatment that act on gut serotonin 5-HT receptors. These include the selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist alosetron, currently approved for the treatment of severe diarrhoea-predominant IBS in women who fail to respond to conventional treatment, and cilansetron, another 5-HT3 receptor antagonist that is no longer in clinical development. In addition, the 5-HT4 receptor partial agonist tegaserod, which was approved for the treatment of constipation-predominant IBS in women, was associated with IC in the postmarketing setting, as was renzapride, a 5-HT4 agonist/5-HT3 antagonist.
Emulsified anterior chamber silicone oil and glaucoma.

Purpose: This retrospective study was undertaken to assess the occurrence of postoperative anterior chamber emulsified silicone oil after intravitreal instillation and to examine the relation between such emulsification and new postoperative glaucoma. Methods: Forty-eight consecutive eyes received intravitreal silicone oil, were followed for at least 1 year, and were evaluated postoperatively by gonioscopy on at least one occasion. Eight eyes received 1000 cs oil, and 40 eyes received 5000 cs oil from which low molecular weight contaminants were removed. All aphakic and pseudophakic eyes received an inferior iridectomy. Oil was removed in 19% of eyes during follow-up. Results: Fifty-six percent of eyes manifested anterior chamber emulsified oil postoperatively. The oil was typically identified only on gonioscopy. This complication developed in 50% of eyes receiving 1000 cs oil and 58% of eyes receiving highly homogeneous 5000 cs oil. Of the 48 eyes, new postoperative glaucoma best explained by interval angle oil emulsification developed in 5 (10%). Conclusion: Anterior chamber oil emulsification occurred frequently, despite inferior peripheral iridectomy in aphakic or pseudophakic eyes and the use of highly purified, higher viscosity oil in 83% of eyes. In this series, new glaucoma in the setting of angle oil emulsification only developed in 10% of eyes. The glaucoma was managed medically in four of five patients.
A virtual classroom approach to teaching circuit analysis

We have implemented several innovative uses of computers and computer networks to develop a new pedagogy for the delivery of university engineering courses. These uses of computers and networks are creating efficiencies in the learning process, and students have found this interactive learning environment to be a significant improvement upon a traditional engineering course. Student performance and retention, as well as faculty productivity, are increased in this innovative teaching and learning environment.
(2S,3R)‐2‐Isopropoxy‐1‐methyl‐3‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzo[d][1,3]azaphosphole

[(2S,3R)-2-Isopropoxy-1-methyl-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d][1,3]azaphosphole] [1041430-99-2] C17H20NOP (MW: 285.32) InChI = 1S/C17H20NOP/c1-13(2)19-17-18(3)15-11-7-8-12-16(15)20(17)14-9-5-4-6-10-14/h4-13,17H,1-3H3/t17-,20+/m0/s1 InChIKey = CNAZQUANXMOAEH-FXAWDEMLSA-N (racemic, chiral ligand and catalytic directing group for regioselective and diastereoselective rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation reactions)1 Physical Data: white crystals, bp 150 °C at 0.05 mmHg. Solubility: soluble in most organic solvents. Form Supplied in: white solid. Analysis of Reagent Purity: 1H NMR (C6D6, 300 MHz) 7.47 (dd, 1H, J = 7.2, 5.7), 7.36-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.22 (ddd, 1H, J = 8.7, 7.8, 1.5), 7.03–6.99 (m, 3H), 6.73 (app dt, 1H, J = 7.5, 2.4), 6.40 (d, 1H, J = 7.8), 4.96 (d, 1H, JP-H = 11.1), 2.60 (s, 3H), 1.13 (d, 3H, J = 6.2), 1.04 (d, 3H, J = 6.0); 13C NMR (C6D6, 100 MHz) 155.1, 137.6 (JP-C = 24.6), 133.2 (JP-C = 27.3), 132.8 (JP-C = 22.6), 131.6, 129.4, 129.2 (JP-C = 7.6), 122.1 (JP-C = 9.4), 118.6 (JP-C = 8.5), 108.2, 101.6, 68.5 (JP-C = 9.4), 33.2, 23.9, 22.2; 31P NMR (C6D6, 121 MHz) 22.9; IR: 3066, 2966, 2897, 2866, 1586, 1474, 1365, 1294, 1120, 990, 740, 693, 495 cm−1. Preparative Methods: according to published procedure,2 deprotonation of N-methylaniline and trapping with CO2, yields a lithium carbamate that is then used in situ to direct the ortho-lithiation. This species is trapped with diphenylphosphine chloride and acidic workup decomposes the lithium carbamate, releasing CO2 to yield 2-(diphenylphosphino)-N-methylaniline (eq 1). (1) Reduction with lithium wire selectively removes a phenyl ring from phosphorus atom, affording a secondary phosphine that is then treated with trimethyl orthoformate and catalytic acid to produce the methoxy-bound ligand (or triisopropyl orthoformate to yield the isopropoxy-bound ligand, 1, directly). Alternatively, the methoxy-bound ligand can be converted to the OiPr-bound ligand 1 using catalytic acid, 4A molecular sieves, and HOiPr in benzene (eq 2). (2) Purification: distillation (150 °C at 0.05 mmHg) then crystallization from pentane at −35 °C. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: moisture sensitive, store in a glove box under inert atmosphere. No known safety hazards. Use standard safety equipment while handling (gloves, safety glasses, and lab coat).
The Petrography and Structure of the Piedmont Plateau in Maryland

Introduction The three subdivisions which McGee has clearly shown to be equally characteristic of both the geology and topography of the middle Atlantic slope[*][1] are admirably contrasted by the cross-section made of them by the state of Maryland. The land area of the state may be set down in round numbers as 10,000 square miles. By a similar approximation, the western 2,000 square miles of this territory may be assigned to the Appalachian zone; the central 3,000 to the Piedmont region; and the eastern 5,000, which surround Chesapeake bay, to the coastal plain. In the west the Paleozoic strata are thrown into broad and gentle undulations, which increase steadily in abruptness as we move eastward. Finally a certain amount of recrystallization accompanies the more intense disturbance, and positive evidence of the age of the oldest and most easterly strata seems to have been obliterated. Between the last Paleozoic beds . . . [1]: #fn-1
Application and Development of Coal Mine Trackless Auxiliary Transportation Equipment

This paper analyses the present situation of rail vehicle without application relates to auxiliary trackless transport equipment of coal mine of foreign personnel and material transport,fully mechanized working face moving transport,special multi-functional transport vehicle and our products.The development direction and the tendency and on the basis of the coal mine auxiliary trackless transport are discussed.
甲状腺癌手术——Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center经验（一）

甲状腺切除术是甲状腺癌的标准治疗方式，可由普外科、耳鼻咽喉头颈外科、内分泌外科或肿瘤外科医生来完成。对肿瘤外科来讲，甲状腺外科主要有三个目的：完整切除单侧或双侧甲状腺腺叶，保留保护好甲状旁腺及其血供，避免喉上神经和喉返神经的损伤。
Engraftment of SCID mice by human bone marrow hematopoietic cells cultured in vitro: an in vivo model for human gene transfer.

Demonstration of the ability of fresh human hematopoietic cells to engraft severe combined immuno-deficient (scid) mice (1) has provided an in vivo assay for expansion and maturation of early human progenitor cells (2,3). However, engraftment of cultured hematopoietic cells has been difficult to achieve. We wished to further develop this model as an in vivo assay for efficiency of retroviral gene transfer and expression in the differentiated progeny of adult human bone marrow progenitor cells. Human bone marrow cells were cultured in vitro for six days under conditions suitable for infection by retroviral vectors prior to transfer to irradiated scid mice. Cultured human bone marrow cells introduced by both intravenous (i.v.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection persisted in the bone marrow, spleen and peritoneum of recipient animals up to four weeks after transfer. Following irradiation scid mice receiving cultured human bone marrow cells by either i.v. or i.p. routes demonstrated engraftment of the bone marrow and spleen as determined by the growth of human hematopoietic progenitors in soft agar. By flow cytometric analysis human cells were also detected in the peritoneum of mice receiving cultured human bone marrow cells i.p. These results suggest that the transfer of cultured human bone marrow cells to scid mice with the subsequent engraftment of these cells in the bone marrow, spleen and peritoneum of recipients can routinely occur. This provides an in vivo model for retroviral gene transfer to human cells.
Multiphase Fluid and Heat Flow Coupled with Geomechanics

This chapter focuses on physical processes and modeling approaches for fluid flow and geomechanical coupling in reservoirs. It presents a multiphase-fluid and heat-flow model, coupled with geomechanics, based on generalized Hooke’s law, mean stress, and volumetric strain. This chapter provides mathematical and numerical models for coupled THM processes in porous and fractured reservoirs. The geomechanical equations relating stresses and displacements are in terms of mean stress with pore pressure, temperature, and volumetric strain. The coupling of fluid and heat flow with geomechanics is based on theory of thermo-poroelasticity using effective stress concept. Then, mutual impacts of fluid flow, heat transfer, and rock deformation are described by correlating rock and fluid properties. This chapter presents general numerical formulation for fluid flow, heat transfer, and geomechanical equations using the same grid. Simulation examples are given for model verification and application.
Mathematical Modeling of a Raceway Pond System for Biofuels Production

Abstract The need for low-cost biofuels has sparked renewed interest in raceway pond systems as cheap means for microbial biomass cultivation. The development of reliable dynamic bioprocess models is necessary for the optimal design of raceway pond systems. This paper presents a detailed model based on the high-rate algal-bacterial pond model and dynamic flux balance analysis (DFBA). With DFBA, all possible growth modes of the microorganisms in the pond are considered, as opposed to unstructured models which can only consider single growth modes. Multiple growth modes can occur over time in raceway pond systems due to day/night transitions and multiple substrate limitations. Different cultivation alternatives for oleaginous yeast and algae are explored and their biomass and lipids productivities are predicted. The case studies show that algae growth can become CO 2 and light limited and yeast growth can become O 2 limited. The model predicts better carbon utilization by an algae/yeast coculture than the respective monocultures and it captures complex phenomena such as the exchange of CO 2 and O 2 , the competition for nitrogen sources, and the effect of pH on growth rates. The model predicts that the lipids productivity attained by the algae/yeast coculture is attractive for biofuels production. This paper is a summary of the results presented in Gomez et al. (2016.
Power-Generation from Biorenewable Resources: Biocatalysis in Biofuel Cells

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the function of and challenges for biocatalysis in biofuel cells. Compared with chemical fuel cells, biofuel cells afford more fuel options, bio-compatibility, and mild operation conditions. Although the power density of biofuel cells is usually 2−3 orders of magnitude lower than that of chemical fuel cells, they are attractive for special applications such as implantable devices, sensors, drug delivery, microchips, and portable power supplies. Microbial biofuel cells also have great potential in digesting organic wastes and biomass for power generation. Exciting technical advances in the field of biofuel cells have recently emerged. Compared to noble metal-catalyzed fuel cells, biofuel cells offer ambient operation conditions and can eventually be cheaper as the production cost of the key biocatalysts continues to drop as a result of developments in genetic engineering. Biocatalysts are capable of catalyzing the oxidation of most of the conventional fuels. They are also efficient in oxidizing more complicated chemicals such as carbohydrates and various organic wastes for electricity generation. Biofuel cells afford a much broader range of fuel options. Hydrogen and methanol are the most popular fuels examined for general-purpose fuel cells. Other chemicals such as ammonia, hydrocarbons, ethanol, propanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, cyclic alcohols, formic acid, and formate have also been investigated.
Multi-Bandwidth Wavelet Transform of Impact Echo Signals for Delamination Detection of Thin Concrete Slabs

In this study, a multi-bandwidth wavelet transform of signals with mixed frequencies from multiple delamination mechanisms is proposed to achieve the time and frequency resolution required in delamination detection. It was applied to detect six embedded defects, simulating shallow and deep delamination, in a 60 in. × 36 in. × 7.25 in. reinforced concrete slab from impact echo signals recorded at 40 points using a portable seismic property analyzer. Test results indicated that the proposed transform successfully detected all the defects and was twice as accurate as Fourier transform for the identification of resonant frequencies. Out of the 40 measurement points, the false detection points were reduced from 22 with Fourier transform to 10 with the proposed transform.
Discussion on ‘Movement rules for individual-based models of stream fish’

Dear Editor, In a recent paper published in Ecological Modelling, Railsback et al. (1999) proposed a method for modeling movement rules for stream fishes that simplifies stochastic dynamic modeling techniques in an effort to design optimal movement rules amenable for use with individual based models (IBMs). Each day, individuals in the Railsback et al. model evaluate their expected survival to the end of the time horizon for all locations within a specified distance and move to the location with the highest value. Future fitness is defined as expected survival over a specified time horizon — the product of daily probabilities of not starving and daily probabilities of surviving non-starvation mortality. The high computational demands of dynamic programming required a number of simplifications to be made, including: (1) a restricted decision space; (2) a short time horizon; and (3) constant environmental conditions. Presumably these constraints could be relaxed as more computational power becomes available. We refer to this movement model as the Dynamic Programming (DP) model. This approach is not new and it, in fact, predated movement models that incorporate realistic perceptual constraints, as described in Tregenza’s (1995) (p. 277) historical review of movement models. Railsback et al. are critical of fish movement models based on departure rules that combine a fitness currency with a learning algorithm first described by Bernstein et al. (1988). Fish using this departure rule leave when the value of the present location falls below the expected value available elsewhere. Each individual maintains an estimate of the expected value based on its past experience. Once a decision to depart has been made, a new location is chosen at random. This approach has been used in a number of spatially explicit IBMs (Tyler and Rose 1997), including several for stream fishes (Jager et al., 1993; Clark and Rose, 1997; Van Winkle et al., 1997). We refer to this model as the Learning Algorithm (LA) model. These models are distinguished by two main differences. First, the most fundamental difference between the models is the level of knowledge assumed to be available to individual fish. The DP model assumes that fish are omniscient, both in their knowledge of the surrounding environment in space and the future environment in time. In PII of original article: S0304-3800(99)00124-6
High-throughput discovery and characterization of multicomponent bulk metallic glass alloys

Abstract This work describes a high-throughput experimental method to characterize compositional trends in the glass forming ability and mechanical behavior of a ternary metallic alloy system. Continuously-graded composition libraries of Cu-Zr-Ti ternary alloys were produced by laser deposition, and continuous regions of glass-forming compositions were rapidly identified through an optical microscopy technique. By varying the laser processing parameters and thereby the cooling rate of the melt within each library, the composition with the greatest glass-forming ability within the range studied was determined to be Cu 51.7 Zr 36.7 Ti 11.6 . An alternative deposition scheme was applied to fabricate libraries containing a large array of discrete compositions. Instrumented nanoindentation was performed on the discrete libraries to establish compositional trends in the measured properties. The indentation modulus was observed to be strongly correlated with the Ti-content over the entire region of study, while the hardness was more sensitive to Cu for high Zr-contents and to Ti at lower Zr-contents. These trends could inform the design of new metallic glass alloys possessing an optimized balance of both ductility and glass forming ability.
Compliant polymer interface for fiber connection of nanophotonic waveguides

We developed a low loss polymer waveguide components for near future silicon photonics packaging. We improved the structure of the polymer waveguide connector and realized a low loss single mode polymer waveguide MT compatible connector.
Systemic Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type I: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Systemic pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) type I is a rare genetic disorder resulting from mutations in the subunits of the epithelial sodium channel that manifests as severe salt wasting, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis in infancy. In this article we report a patient with systemic PHA type I presenting with severe dehydration due to salt wasting at 6 days of life. She was found to have a known mutation in the SCNN1A gene and subsequently required treatment with sodium supplementation. We also review the clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and treatment of systemic PHA type I and summarize data from 27 cases with follow-up data.
Simulated bat populations erode when exposed to climate change projections for western North America

Recent research has demonstrated that temperature and precipitation conditions correlate with successful reproduction in some insectivorous bat species that live in arid and semiarid regions, and that hot and dry conditions correlate with reduced lactation and reproductive output by females of some species. However, the potential long-term impacts of climate-induced reproductive declines on bat populations in western North America are not well understood. We combined results from long-term field monitoring and experiments in our study area with information on vital rates to develop stochastic age-structured population dynamics models and analyzed how simulated fringed myotis (Myotis thysanodes) populations changed under projected future climate conditions in our study area near Boulder, Colorado (Boulder Models) and throughout western North America (General Models). Each simulation consisted of an initial population of 2,000 females and an approximately stable age distribution at the beginning of the simulation. We allowed each population to be influenced by the mean annual temperature and annual precipitation for our study area and a generalized range-wide model projected through year 2086, for each of four carbon emission scenarios (representative concentration pathways RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, RCP8.5). Each population simulation was repeated 10,000 times. Of the 8 Boulder Model simulations, 1 increased (+29.10%), 3 stayed approximately stable (+2.45%, +0.05%, -0.03%), and 4 simulations decreased substantially (-44.10%, -44.70%, -44.95%, -78.85%). All General Model simulations for western North America decreased by >90% (-93.75%, -96.70%, -96.70%, -98.75%). These results suggest that a changing climate in western North America has the potential to quickly erode some forest bat populations including species of conservation concern, such as fringed myotis.
Management of Pancreatic Injury in the Geriatric Patient

Surgeons always like to perform their magic on young adults who are in training in some athletic event for the upcoming Olympics. Unfortunately, our society continues to age so that more and more operations are performed in the elderly. The challenges of surgery in the geriatric population relate to the adverse events that aging has on both physical well-being and mental acumen. The extent of physical derangement is often referred to by the popular term “frailty” whereas the progressive mental deterioration often falls under the name of “Alzheimer’s disease.” Although aging, per se, is not the cause of fragility or reduced acumen, the trend is for both to become progressively worse each year. Clearly, the effect of fragility and decreased cognitive function impair successful surgical treatment. This is true not only for elective surgery but especially for emergency operations after injury.
Stretchable Electronic Wearable Motion Sensors Delineate Signatures of Human Motion Tasks

Digital tracking of human motion offers the potential to monitor a wide range of activities detecting normal versus abnormal performance of tasks. We examined the ability of a wearable, conformal sensor system, fabricated from stretchable electronics with contained accelerometers and gyroscopes, to specifically detect, monitor, and define motion signals and "signatures," associated with tasks of daily living activities. The sensor system was affixed to the dominant hand of healthy volunteers (n = 4) who then completed four tasks. For all tasks examined, motion data could be captured, monitored continuously, uploaded to the digital cloud, and stored for further analysis. Acceleration and gyroscope data were collected in the x-, y-, and z-axes, yielding unique patterns of component motion signals for each task studied. Upon analysis, low-frequency (<10 Hz) tasks (walking, drinking from a mug, and opening a pill bottle) showed low intersubject variability (<0.3g difference) and low interrepetition variability (<0.1g difference) when comparing the acceleration of each axis for a single task. High-frequency (≥10 Hz) activity (brushing teeth) yielded low intersubject variability of peak frequencies in acceleration of each axis. Each motion task was readily distinguishable and identifiable (with ≥70% accuracy) by independent observers from motion signatures alone, without the need for direct visual observation. Stretchable electronic technologies offer the potential to provide wireless capture, tracking, and analysis of detailed directional components of motion for a wide range of individual activities and functional status.