cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Compressing turbulence and sudden viscous dissipation with compression-dependent ionization state

Turbulent plasma flow, amplified by rapid three-dimensional compression, can be suddenly dissipated under continuing compression. This effect relies on the sensitivity of the plasma viscosity to the temperature, μ∼T^{5/2}. The plasma viscosity is also sensitive to the plasma ionization state. We show that the sudden dissipation phenomenon may be prevented when the plasma ionization state increases during compression, and we demonstrate the regime of net viscosity dependence on compression where sudden dissipation is guaranteed. Additionally, it is shown that, compared to cases with no ionization, ionization during compression is associated with larger increases in turbulent energy and can make the difference between growing and decreasing turbulent energy.
Short communication: Enabling collaborative decision-making in watershed management using cloud-computing services

Watershed management, in its very nature, represents a participatory process, requiring horizontal and vertical collaborations among multiple institutions and stakeholders. For watershed-scale management to be effective, a social-learning infrastructure needs to be in place to allow for the integration of diverse knowledge and interests related to watershed protection and restoration. Environmental decision support systems (EDSS) have long been used to support co-learning processes during watershed management. However, implementation and maintenance of EDSS in house often pose a significant burden to local watershed partnerships because of budgetary and technological constraints. Recent advances in service-oriented computing can help shift away the technical burden of EDSS implementation to service providers and enable watershed partnerships to focus primarily on decision-making activities. In this paper, I describe the migration of an EDSS module from the traditional client-server-based architecture to a client of cloud-computing services. Google Drive, which is behind the new version of the EDSS module, provides a number of basic visual analytics features that can be used to increase the collaborative decision-making experience while drastically reducing the cost of small-scale EDSS. More sophisticated EDSS may be implemented by leveraging the strengths of both client-server architectures and cloud-computing services.
Requirements of Energy, Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats for Athletes

Physical activity increases the rate of energy expenditure and, as a result, athletes have greater daily requirements of the three energy macronutrients, in particular carbohydrates and protein, when compared with sedentary individuals. There is ample research investigating adequate nutrient intake recommendations for athletes of various types, where differences occur with the modality, intensity, duration of exercise, and even gender. Understanding optimal nutrient composition is important for athletes and coaches because of the impact diet can play on nutrient utilization during exercise as well as in recovery from exercise. Effective manipulation of these requirements can facilitate and optimize training adaptations while also preventing untoward physiological changes from consuming either too much or too little of the macronutrients. This chapter presents key scientific evidence to outline the optimal nutrient composition for carbohydrates, protein, and fat intake for endurance as well as strength and power athletes.
Advanced Benzoxazine Chemistries Provide Improved Performance in a Broad Range of Applications

Publisher Summary This chapter describes and compares several different benzoxazine monomers. The goal is to help in the selection of a benzoxazine suitable for a particular application. Benzoxazine thermoset resins are the reaction products of an amine, a phenol, and formaldehyde. Many different benzoxazines are researched over the years by a number of prominent universities and chemical suppliers. Benzoxazines are low-cost materials with handling and processing performance advantages. New generation of liquid benzoxazines is easier to process than conventional solid materials and promises to extend the applications for these high-performance resins into resin transfer molding and hot melt prepregging. Most benzoxazines are low-melting solids that can be processed at ≤100 °C. The low melt temperature makes them easily processable for many uses such as hot melts, adhesives, and powder coatings. Benzoxazines typically are very latent materials, requiring high temperatures for gelation and curing. This characteristic can be seen by DSC analysis, in which the typical reaction peak temperature is >200 °C and the onset of reaction can be above 180 °C. The latency is also apparent when gel time analysis is done. Liquid benzoxazines can be used as effective diluents for solid benzoxazines where rheology and viscosity are important considerations. The use of these benzoxazines eliminates the need for solvents to modify viscosity. It also allows the chemical formulator to tailor the viscosity to the application requirements. Catalysts can be used to accelerate the benzoxazine homopolymerization reaction or reaction with epoxies.
Extraction and recovery of 2-butoxyethanol from aqueous phases containing high saline concentration

Abstract Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE), also known as 2-butoxyethanol (2-BE), has been identified as a contaminant in hydraulic fracturing fluids. In order to determine the presence of 2-BE in hydraulic fracturing chemical additives, a reliable method for recovering 2-BE from aqueous phases by liquid-liquid extraction combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was established. The liquid-liquid extraction method was applied to samples matrices containing various amounts of salt. Using methylene chloride for liquid-liquid extraction in a sample to solvent ratio of 1:3, ≥99% 2-BE recovery may be achieved with less than 5% standard error. The limit of detection was determined to be 0.957 mg L−1 2-BE. Accuracy was determined to be 2.58% and precision was determined using the coefficient of variation, which was 3.5%. The method was used to recover 2-BE in a hydraulic fracturing chemical additive called Revert Flow and to quantify the weight percent of 2-BE in the chemical additive. Weight percent of two additional components of Revert Flow, D-limonene and 1-butoxy-2-propanol, were also determined. We also used the method to determine the abiotic of 2-BE in water, which was 5.55 days. The persistence of 2-BE in hydraulic fracturing fluid was also investigated and determined that 2-BE is more persistent in this environment.
Mean girls: PID-5 personality traits and everyday sadism predict hostile femininity

Abstract This national study of United States women (N = 522) took an evolutionary approach to explaining Hostility towards Women and Rape Myth Acceptance, two constructs loading on a latent variable called Hostile Femininity. Everyday Sadism, Suspiciousness, Cognitive and Perceptual Dysregulation, and a lack of Eccentricity were expected to predict Hostile Femininity. Callousness and Manipulativeness were expected to predict Everyday Sadism. These hypotheses were largely supported; however, Withdrawal, not Cognitive and Perceptual Dysregulation, predicted Hostile Femininity in the final model. The structural equation model accounted for 64% of the variance in Hostile Femininity. It is proposed Hostile Femininity may represent motives for female intrasexual competition, an evolutionary concept explaining same-sex aggression. The hostile feminine profile emerging from this study is that of a conservative, conventional, and introverted woman who deeply distrusts other females. She likely enjoys using tactics such as gossip and social ostracism against other females, including women who have reported being sexually assaulted.
One pot synthesis of unsymmetrical ketones from carboxylic and boronic acids via PyClU-mediated acylative Suzuki coupling

Abstract A synthetic procedure for the preparation of ketones from easily accessible carboxylic acids has been developed. This methodology proceeds via in situ activation of the carboxylic acid with PyClU, followed by the palladium-catalyzed acylative cross-coupling with boronic acids. The reaction is performed in one pot, without the need of phosphine ligands, at room temperature and in reaction times of 2 h or less. The scope of the reaction is robust with aryl boronic and carboxylic acids.
Treatment Options for Stress Urinary Incontinence

Urinary incontinence is a common and distressing condition which, although not life threatening, is known to have a significant effect on quality of life (QoL). The incidence of urinary incontinence increases with age and whilst stress urinary incontinence is more common in younger women many elderly women also complain of troublesome symptoms. With an increasingly elderly population urinary incontinence represents a significant burden on both primary and secondary healthcare and the incidence of stress incontinence is likely to increase with increasing activity levels in this age group. The term-stress urinary incontinence may be used to describe the symptom or sign of urinary leakage on coughing or exertion but should not be regarded as a diagnosis. A diagnosis of urodynamic stress incontinence (USI) may only be made after urodynamic investigation and this is defined as the involuntary leakage of urine during increased abdominal pressure in the absence of a detrusor contraction.
Galileo and the Phenomena: On Making the Evidence Visible

The history of the history of science reveals changing styles; for the late nineteenth century Galileo was the model of the empirical and positivistic scientist, formulating general laws a la Mach, as summaries of experimental data. For more recent writers such as Koyre and Burtt, Galileo was a Platonist whose revolutionary work sprang almost full-grown from his head and who did not do the experiments described in his dialogues — fortunately, for they would not have worked if he had done them. I do not propose to take up the issue of the Platonism or non-Platonism of Galileos mathematical science; the issue here is that these writers argue that Galileo did thought-experiments in the course of developing his theories, and referred to experience primarily as a final check in order to be sure that he hadnt gone wildly astray.1 This rationalist picture of Galileo has been thoroughly criticized recently by Drake, Settle, and others,2 who have shown that Galileo’s notebooks give ample evidence that he did do experiments at the time when he was probably developing the analysis of freely falling bodies, and that these were reasonably accurate. Furthermore, even some of the experiments described in his dialogues give good results when done today. I shall argue for another, related point, that in any event, Galileo’s own writings, particularly the Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems and the Two New Sciences, give ample evidence that he considered experience essential for the foundation of his science and not only as a check on the results.
Secure Causal Atomic Broadcast, Revisited

We revisit the problem of preserving causality in Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) atomic broadcast protocols, a requirement first proposed by Reiter and Birman (TOPLAS 1994). While over the past three decades, this requirement has been met through the deployment of expensive public-key threshold cryptosystems, we propose three novel, secure causal BFT protocols without using public-key cryptography. We implement and evaluate these protocols, showing that they significantly outperform existing constructions that use threshold cryptosystems.
Emerging investigator series: methylmercury speciation and dimethylmercury production in sulfidic solutions

Alkylated mercury species (monomethylmercury, MeHg, and dimethylmercury, DMeHg) exhibit significant bioaccumulation, and pose significant risks to ecosystems and human health. Although decades of research have been devoted to understanding MeHg formation and degradation, little is known about the DMeHg formation in aquatic systems. Here, we combine complementary experimental and computational approaches to examine MeHg speciation and DMeHg formation in sulfidic aqueous solutions, with an emphasis on the formation and decomposition of the binuclear bis(methylmercuric(II)) sulfide complex (CH3Hg)2S. Experimental data indicate that the reaction 2CH3Hg+ + HS− ⇄ (CH3Hg)2S + H+ has a log K = 26.0 ± 0.2. Thus, the binuclear (CH3Hg)2S complex is likely to be the dominant MeHg species under high MeHg concentrations typically used in experimental investigations of MeHg degradation by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Our finding of a significant abiotic removal mechanism for MeHg in sulfidic solutions through the formation of relatively insoluble (CH3Hg)2S suggests careful reexamination of reported “oxidative demethylation” of MeHg by SRB and perhaps other obligate anaerobes. We provide evidence for slow decomposition of (CH3Hg)2S to DMeHg and HgS, with a first-order rate constant k = 1.5 ± 0.4 × 10−6 h−1. Quantum chemical calculations suggest that the reaction proceeds by a novel mechanism involving rearrangement of the (CH3Hg)2S complex facilitated by strong Hg–Hg interactions that activate a methyl group for intramolecular transfer. Predictions of DMeHg formation rates under a variety of field and laboratory conditions indicate that this pathway for DMeHg formation will be significant in laboratory experiments utilizing high MeHg concentrations, favoring (CH3Hg)2S formation. In natural systems with relatively high MeHg/[H2S]T ratios (the oxic/anoxic interface, for example), DMeHg production may be observed, and warrants further investigation.
Can high volume hydraulic fracturing effects be detected in large watersheds? A case study of the South Fork Little Red River

Abstract To date, most studies focusing on the effects of high volume hydraulic fracturing on freshwater systems have been at the small watershed scale (i.e.
The transformation of the Wang Yangming scholarship in the West, ca. 1960–1980: a historical essay

ABSTRACTStudents of Ming philosophy and the thought of Wang Yangming likely know that the 1960s–1970s was a period during which many scholarships in this field of study were produced in the English language. Indeed, it has been almost half a century since a group of scholars came together at the University of Hawaii to present papers on Wang Yangming in commemoration of the fifth centenary of his birth. That group included, for example, Wing-tsit Chan, David Nivison, and Du Weiming. These scholars, along with two others not present—Julia Ching and Carsun Chang—played a transformative role in introducing Wang Yangming to an English-reading audience. But, the history behind their achievement, as well as how they interpreted him for that audience, has yet to be written. This paper provides a synopsis of that history, explaining why the scholars chose to write about him and what they said about his life and ideas.
Biotechnology in the Sustainable Environment

At the beginning of this symposium, the participants were asked to reflect upon where we are now and where we are we heading in the development of biotechnology in the sustainable environment. As the meeting progressed, it became clear that achieving the goal of a sustainable environment depends on continued public concern about the environment, policy issues dealt with by governments and application of the tools of science of environmental engineering.
Accelerated Testing of Neutron-Absorbing Alloys for Nuclear Criticality Control

The US Department of Energy requires nuclear criticality control materials be used for storage of highly enriched spent nuclear fuel used in government programs and the storage of commercial spent nuclear fuel at the proposed High-Level Nuclear Waste Geological Repository located at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Two different metallic alloys (Ni-Cr-Mo-Gd and borated stainless steel) have been chosen for this service. An accelerated corrosion test program to validate these materials for this application is described and a performance comparison is made.
Static Theory of Point Defects in Nematic Liquid Crystals

In recent years, important advances have been made in developing the first mathematically rigorous, nonlinear theory of defects in materials. It deals with the static theory of point defects in nematic liquid crystals. This is a brief exposition of important results, along with some discussion of possible formations of droplet problems. Also included are very interesting and hitherto unpublished data from Pat Cladis’s laboratory, on the motion of two point defects in a capillary, a fairly simple physical example of a kind of dynamical problem not yet treated by theorists.
Public Dialectics: Marxist Reflection in Archaeology

The public dimensions of archaeological practice are explored through a new method called Marxist reflexivity. This use for Marxism draws a parallel with recent reflexive archaeologies that highlight the impact of archaeologists and archaeological processes on the creation of archaeological records. Though similar in this sense of critique, reflexive and Marxist archaeologies do not often overlap, as each is essentially driven by a distinct agenda and logic. Through a critical review of four public programs undertaken in historical archaeology, this distinction is disassembled.
Middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity in perinatal cytomegalovirus infection

A middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity value (MCA-PSV) persistently greater than 1.5 times the median of the normal population is utilized to detect moderate and severe anemia in fetuses at risk. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common perinatal infection and can cause fetal anemia. We present four cases with CMV perinatal infection. Although their MCA-PSV values were the highest recorded in normal as well as in anemic fetuses, only two of them developed moderate or severe anemia. These findings suggest that high MCA-PSV values in cases with perinatal CMV infection may have a different pathophysiologic mechanism than anemia.
Comparison of EHD-Driven Instability of Thick and ThinLiquid Films by a Transverse Electric Field

This study aims to explore the effect of liquid film thickness on the electrohydrodynamic-driven instability of the interface separating two horizontal immiscible liquid layers. The fluids are confined between two electrodes and the light and less conducting liquid is overlaid on the heavy and more conducting one. Direct Numerical Simulations (DNSs) are performed using a front tracking/finite difference scheme in conjunction with Taylor-Melcher leaky dielectric model. For the range of physical parameters used here, it is shown that for a moderately thick lower liquid layer, the interface instability leads to formation of several liquid columns and as a result of competition between these columns eventually a big column is formed. On the other hand, for a thin lower layer the lower electrode strongly influences the growth of the instability, leading to a short and a longer column that are connected together by a thin liquid film. When the film becomes too thick, more columns are formed, but the fluid system does not reach a steady state because the liquid columns grow so rapidly that they hit the top electrode. The flow structure is examined and the variation of the steady state kinetic energy of the system with the film thickness and the applied electric voltage is explored.
Documentation status and psychological distress among New York City community college students.

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online in Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology on Dec 5 2019 (see record 2019-75302-001). In the original article "lower self-esteem" should have read "higher self-esteem" in the first sentence after the Results heading in the abstract. The correct sentence is "Participants with at risk and temporary statuses reported higher fear of deportation for self, fear of family members being deported, psychological distress, and higher self-esteem than those with stable status." All versions of this article have been corrected.] Objective: This research study examined how psychological distress, self-esteem, and academic performance differ across at-risk, temporary, and stable immigration statuses and whether fear of one's own deportation and that of family members is associated with psychological distress. Method We surveyed 150 community college students (51% female; Mage = 22.7, SDage = 2.4) with 3 types of immigration statuses: stable (citizen), temporary (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals [DACA] and visa), and at-risk of deportation (undocumented). One-way analyses of covariance examined whether fear of deportation, psychological distress, self-esteem, and academic performance varied across immigration statuses. Regression analyses examined the associations among fear of deportation for self and for family members, depression, and isolation and alienation. Results Participants with at risk and temporary statuses reported higher fear of deportation for self, fear of family members being deported, psychological distress, and higher self-esteem than those with stable status. Academic performance did not differ across immigration statuses. Within the temporary status, DACA students experienced higher anxiety, isolation, and alienation than other temporary status students. Fear of deportation for self and family members predicted depression and isolation and alienation. Both regression analyses controlled for age, sex, region of origin, hours of work, hours of sleep, and socializing per day. Conclusion The study provides new insights into how immigration status influences the psychological well-being of community college students and introduces a quantifiable framework to better understand the construct of fear of deportation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Specialized Center in Clinical Oriented Research (SCCOR) Update: Mechanisms and Treatment of Lung Vascular Disease in Infants and Children

SCCOR Investigators: John Kinsella: Principal Investigator (PI) Project 1; Robin Shandas, PI, Dunbar Ivy, Co-PI: Project 2; Kurt Stenmark. PI: Project 3; Carl White, PI: Project 4.
Analysis of the Three Pole Radial Magnetic Bearing

The three pole magnetic bearing has recently gained interest within the magnetic suspension research community due to its simple structure that relies on only three coils and ability to be operated by three phase power electronic converters. However, the three pole bearing is substantially more complicated to control. Control strategies based on linearized current models result in parasitic coupling between $x$ and $y$ radial forces, yielding significant force vector errors. Research initiatives have developed distinct three-pole geometries with varying capabilities and operating principles. This paper reviews the various research initiatives on the three-pole bearing, develops a generalized framework for considering the forces of any three-pole bearing configuration, exercises this framework to provide insights into fundamental design topology choices, and proposes a method to calculate exact control currents and an optimal bias field. The paper shows that using the exact control current calculations with the optimal bias field yield a force density improvement of up to 15.5% as compared to using conventional bias levels. Experimental validation of the force calculation framework is provided.
Amantadine Augmentation in Pediatric Catatonia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Abstract Treatment of catatonia in children and adolescents presents particular challenges due to the limited availability of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for minors. Evidence regarding pharmacological interventions for catatonia in the pediatric population remains limited. In this case report, we describe a 15-year-old boy with catatonia and autism in whom amantadine augmentation was successfully used to allow for transition to outpatient care. A review of the literature on the use of amantadine in the treatment of pediatric catatonia was conducted and summarized with special consideration of patients with co-morbid autism spectrum disorder.
Computed Tomography Imaging Features and Distribution of Metastases in ROS1-rearranged Non-Small-cell Lung Cancer.

Abstract Background ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) rearrangements are a known molecular target in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our goal was to determine whether ROS1-rearranged NSCLC has imaging features and patterns of metastasis, which differ from those of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant NSCLC. Patients and Methods We retrospectively identified patients with metastatic ROS1-rearranged, ALK-rearranged, or EGFR-mutant NSCLC from January 2014 to June 2018 and included those with pretreatment imaging studies available. We assessed the imaging features of the primary tumor and the distribution of metastases in these patients. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Fisher exact test were used to compare the imaging features. Results We identified 257 patients (167 women and 90 men; median age, 56 years; range, 19-90 years) with metastatic NSCLC (ROS1, 53; ALK, 87; EGFR, 117). Compared with ALK-rearranged or EGFR-mutant NSCLC, ROS1-rearranged NSCLC was less likely to present with extrathoracic metastases (ROS1, 49%; ALK, 75%; EGFR, 72%; P Conclusion Although considerable overlap exists in the imaging features of ROS1-rearranged, ALK-rearranged, and EGFR-mutant NSCLC, we found that ROS1-rearranged NSCLC has certain distinct imaging features and patterns of spread.
An integrated experimental and computational study of diffusion and atomic mobility of the aluminum–magnesium system

Abstract Diffusion between Al and Mg was investigated comprehensively using both high-throughput experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Experimental diffusion coefficients in fcc Al, hcp Mg, β–Mg17Al12, γ–Mg2Al3 and e − Mg23Al30 phases were collected by combining diffusion multiples with forward-simulation analysis together with a critical review of the experimental studies in the literature. The best settings to compute the dilute (impurity) diffusion coefficients of Al and Mg using DFT were tested by comparing the computed data using various DFT settings with the critically assessed experimental diffusion coefficients in stable phases (fcc Al and hcp Mg). The optimal DFT settings were employed to calculate the dilute diffusion coefficients of Al and Mg in metastable (hypothetical) phases (hcp Al and fcc Mg) where experimental measurements were impossible. The atomic mobilities of Al and Mg in the Al–Mg binary system across the entire composition range were then reliably optimized for both the fcc and hcp phases based on the comprehensive diffusion data obtained from both experimental measurements for the stable phases and DFT calculations for the metastable phases. This study demonstrates an efficient and reliable way to develop fundamental mobility databases using integrated experimental and computational methods.
Supersymmetry-assisted high-fidelity ground-state preparation of a single neutral atom in an optical tweezer

Arrays of neutral-atom qubits in optical tweezers are a promising platform for quantum computation. Despite experimental progress, a major roadblock for realizing neutral-atom quantum computation is the qubit initialization. Here we propose that supersymmetry, a theoretical framework developed in particle physics, can be used for ultrahigh-fidelity initialization of neutral-atom qubits. We show that a single atom can be deterministically prepared in the vibrational ground state of an optical tweezer by adiabatically extracting all excited atoms to a supersymmetric auxiliary tweezer. The scheme works for both bosonic and fermionic atom qubits trapped in realistic Gaussian optical tweezers and may pave the way for realizing large-scale quantum computation, simulation, and information processing with neutral atoms.
Recent Improvements in Racial Disparity in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: How Times Have Changed.

Race has been shown to impact receipt of and outcomes following hepatobiliary surgery. We sought to determine if racial disparities in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma persist. Information on patients with hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed between 2012 and 2016 was obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The sample was stratified by race/ethnicity, and associations between tumor characteristics, treatment, and survival were assessed. Of 33,672 patients, the mean age was 65 years, and 77% were male. By race, 17,150 (51%) were white, 4755 (14%) black, 6850 (20%) Hispanic, and 4917 (15%) Asian. When assessing the likelihood of treatment versus no treatment for tumors less than 5 cm, no difference was observed between whites and blacks in any year, but Hispanics were less likely than whites to receive treatment in most years. Asians were more likely to receive treatment every year. When assessing the likelihood of transplant versus surgical resection, blacks were less likely than whites to undergo transplant in all years except 2016. Hispanics were equally likely, while Asians were less likely to undergo transplant in all years. For years 2012 to 2016 collectively, Asians had better 5-year survival rates than other races after undergoing ablation and resection. No difference in the risk of death was observed among blacks, whites, or Hispanics after undergoing ablation, resection, or transplant. Racial disparities for blacks and Hispanics have improved. Although Asians were less likely to undergo transplant, they had better survival after undergoing resection or ablation.
Ileus in Acute Pancreatitis Correlates with Severity of Pancreatitis, Not Volume of Fluid Resuscitation or Opioid Use: Observations from Mid-West Cohort

The recovery of gastrointestinal functions is an important determinant of course of acute pancreatitis and the timing of hospital discharge. Here, we evaluated association between fluid resuscitation volume and opioid use with clinically significant ileus development in patients with acute pancreatitis. Consecutive adults admitted with acute pancreatitis between January 2014 and December 2019 to our academic and two community hospital were included. The Bedside Index for Severe Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP) and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) were used to predict severity of pancreatitis based on their readily availability. Severity of pancreatitis was determined based on the Revised Atlanta classification. Fluid resuscitation volume and opioid use were collected as administered on day 1 and day 2.Clinically significant ileus was determined based on treating physician’s assessment. Forty-nine (11%) of 441 unique patients included in the study developed clinically significant ileus. Demographics of patients with or without ileus were similar between the two groups. On univariate analysis, the presence of SIRS syndrome ( 3 BISAP score (p < 0.001), and severity of pancreatitis (p < 0.001) were associated with ileus, mean fluid resuscitation volume (5.6L vs 5.5L, p = 0.888) and cumulative median morphine-equivalent units (12 vs 12, p = 0.232) on day 1 and day 2 were not. However, ileus development was associated with increased hospital length of stay and admission to intensive care unit. On observations, clinically significant ileus development is associated with severity of acute pancreatitis, not with fluid resuscitation volume or opioid analgesia dose used in current standard of care.
Switch-Based Iterative Learning Control for Tracking Iteration Varying References

Abstract Iterative Learning Control (ILC) is a control strategy that improves the performance of repetitive systems by enabling near-perfect reference tracking. Iteration-invariant reference signals have been a fundamental assumption for most existing ILC developments. This assumption poses limitations on many applications of ILC where the iteration-varying reference is known to the controller a priori. This work presents a switch-based ILC scheme that combines the performance of standard ILC with guarantees on the error for switched reference signals. The proposed controller is formulated and its performance is analyzed. A simulation case study is provided at the end to illustrate the performance.
Evaluation of Gait Pattern and Lower Extremity Kinematics of Children with Morquio Syndrome (MPS IV)

Morquio syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis IV/MPS IV) is a genetic disorder leading to skeletal abnormalities and gait deviations. Research on the gait patterns and lower extremity physical characteristics associated with skeletal dysplasia in children with MPS IV is currently limited. This research aimed to provide baseline gait patterns and lower limb skeletal alignment of children with MPS IV utilizing three-dimensional instrumented gait analysis. This Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective study evaluates the kinematics of the lower extremities of children with MPS IV during gait, comparing them with an age-matched group of typically developing children. Thirty-three children with MPS IV were included (8.6 ± 4.0 years old). Children with MPS IV walk with increased anterior pelvic tilt, knee valgus, knee flexion, external tibial torsion, and reduced walking speed and stride length (p < 0.001). Multiplanar abnormal alignment results in abnormal knee moments (p < 0.001). Limited correlations exist (r = 0.69-0.28) between dynamic three-dimensional measurements of knee varus/valgus and rotational alignment and traditional static two-dimensional measures (physical examination or radiographs) suggesting the possibility of knee instability during gait and the benefits of dynamic assessment.
Bioprinting a cardiac valve

Heart valve tissue engineering could be a possible solution for the limitations of mechanical and biological prostheses, which are commonly used for heart valve replacement. In tissue engineering, cells are seeded into a 3-dimensional platform, termed the scaffold, to make the engineered tissue construct. However, mimicking the mechanical and spatial heterogeneity of a heart valve structure in a fabricated scaffold with uniform cell distribution is daunting when approached conventionally. Bioprinting is an emerging technique that can produce biological products containing matrix and cells, together or separately with morphological, structural and mechanical diversity. This advance increases the possibility of fabricating the structure of a heart valve in vitro and using it as a functional tissue construct for implantation. This review describes the use of bioprinting technology in heart valve tissue engineering.
Can Serologic Markers of Fibrosis Reveal an Arrhythmogenic Ventricular Substrate in Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

There is general agreement that left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) remains the best available predictor in helping to select appropriate patients for a primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) ([1][1]). However, it is also widely recognized that this measurement alone is
Embryological studies in compositae

Morphology and embryology ofSpilanthes acmilla, Murr. has been investigated and its systematic position in the tribe Heliantheae is discussed. Floral parts arise in acropetalous succession. Stamens are four to five in number with bisporangiate anthers. Tapetum is of the plasmodial type. Pollen grains have an echinate exine and are shed at the three celled stage. Endothecium exhibits fibrillar thickenings at the time of anther dehiscence. Ovules are anatropous, unitegmic and tenuinucellate. Embryosac development conforms to the Polygonum type. In a great majority of cases organised embryosac is six celled with only two antipodals. Occasionally the number of antipodals may be three or four. There is a great variety in the nuclear behaviour in the micropylar antipodal in having a secondary multiplication and subsequent fusion resulting in the formation of a polyploid nucleus. Very rarely aposporic uninucleate embryosac-like structures are noticed at the chalazal end of the ovule. These however do not show any influence on the sexual behaviour of the gametophytes. Fertilisation is porogamous, endosperm isab initio cellular and embryogeny conforms to thesenecio variation of the Asterad type. In the mature fruit, the wall is five layered with the innermost layer infested with tannin. Endosperm persists as a thin layer adhering to the integument which itself is three layered.
Microbial oxidation of oleic acid

Abstract Resting cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast, type II; Sigma) were used to convert oleic acid into 10-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid with a 45% yield. Nocardia aurantia (ATCC 12674), Nocardia sp. (NRRL 5646), and Mycobacterium fortuitum (UI 53378) all converted oleic acid into 10-oxo-octadecanoic acid with 65, 55, and 80% yields, respectively. Structures of all metabolites were suggested by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and by infrared and mass spectrometry. Structures of isomeric hydroxystearate and oxostearate derivatives and the stereochemical purity of hydroxystearates are difficult to prove unambiguously unless authentic standard compounds are available for spectral comparison. We describe the use of the chemical Baeyer-Villiger oxidation technique with 10-oxo-octadecanoic acid followed by mass spectral analysis of neutral extracts as a simple method to confirm the position of oxo-functional groups in the structures of fatty acid ketones. We further introduce a simple method based on 1H nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of diastereomeric S-(+)-O-acetylmandelate esters of hydroxystearates as a means of ascertaining stereochemical purities of hydroxy fatty acids.
Abuses in Cryptography and How to Fight Them

The following seems quite familiar: "Alice and Bob want to flip a coin by telephone. (They have just divorced, live in different countries, want to decide who will have the children during the next holiday.)..." So they use [Blu82]'s (or an improved) protocol. However, Alice and Bob's divorce has been set up to cover up their spying activities. When they use [Blu82]'s protocol, they don't care if the "coin-flip" is random, but they want to abuse the protocol to send secret information to each other. The counter-espionage service, however, doesn't know that the divorce and the use of the [Blu82]'s protocol are just cover-ups.In this paper, we demonstrate how several modern crypto-systems can be abused. We generalize [Sim83b]'s subliminal channel and [DGB87]'s abuse of the [FFS87, FS86] identification systems and demonstrate how one can prevent abuses of cryptosystems.
ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodeling

The study of chromatin and how this dynamic structure modulates events in the eukaryotic nucleus has become an increasingly important topic in biomedical research. A large number of enzymes have been discovered that are responsible for modifying and altering chromatin structure, either globally or specifically at particular gene promoters or regions of the chromosome. This chapter provides an introduction to the structure of chromatin and then describes how special classes of enzymes modulate chromatin structure to allow access to DNA.
Atomic clock with 1×10(-18) room-temperature blackbody Stark uncertainty.

The Stark shift due to blackbody radiation (BBR) is the key factor limiting the performance of many atomic frequency standards, with the BBR environment inside the clock apparatus being difficult to characterize at a high level of precision. Here we demonstrate an in-vacuum radiation shield that furnishes a uniform, well-characterized BBR environment for the atoms in an ytterbium optical lattice clock. Operated at room temperature, this shield enables specification of the BBR environment to a corresponding fractional clock uncertainty contribution of $5.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}19}$. Combined with uncertainty in the atomic response, the total uncertainty of the BBR Stark shift is now $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$. Further operation of the shield at elevated temperatures enables a direct measure of the BBR shift temperature dependence and demonstrates consistency between our evaluated BBR environment and the expected atomic response.
Incompressible Flow Over Finite Wings

In this chapter, the aerodynamics of finite wings is analyzed using the classical lifting line model. This simple model allows a closed-form solution that captures most of the physical effects applicable to finite wings. The model is based on the horseshoe-shaped vortex that introduces the concept of a vortex wake and wing tip vortices. The downwash induced by the wake creates an induced drag that did not exist in the two-dimensional analysis. Furthermore, as wingspan is reduced, the wing lift slope decreases, and the induced drag increases, reducing overall efficiency. To complement the high aspect ratio wing case, a slender wing model is formulated so that the lift and drag can be estimated for this limiting case as well. Finally, a brief survey of panel methods is presented. These methods are capable of solving the potential flow over complex (and thick) lifting configurations. The solution, however, can be obtained by using numerical methods only. Keywords: aerodynamics; wings; slender wings; lifting line; induced drag; panel methods; aspect ratio
Arrangeability and Clique Subdivisions

Let k be an integer. A graph G is k-arrangeable (concept introduced by Chen and Schelp) if the vertices of G can be numbered v 1, v 2, …, v n in such a way that for every integer i with 1 ≤ i ≤ n, at most k vertices among {v 1, v 2, …, v i } have a neighbor \(v \in \{ v_{i+1},v_{i+2},\ldots,v_{n}\}\) that is adjacent to v i . We prove that for every integer p ≥ 1, if a graph G is not 2500(p + 1)8-arrangeable, then it contains a K p -subdivision. By a result of Chen and Schelp this implies that graphs with no K p -subdivision have “linearly bounded Ramsey numbers,” and by a result of Kierstead and Trotter it implies that such graphs have bounded “game chromatic number.”
Influence of a disc-shaped ionospheric depression on VLF propagation

This is a 1000-word summary of a paper submitted to the Technical Program Committee of the 1964 PT-GAP International Symposium. The complete paper will contain numerical results, additional analysis, and ionospheric interpretations.
Optic nerve tortuosity in children with neurofibromatosis type 1

Background Optic nerve tortuosity is often reported in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).
Ion Cyclotron Electrostatic Instabilities

An investigation of the instabilities of longitudinal electrostatic oscillations in an infinite magnetized plasma at or near the ion cyclotron frequency has been made. This work extends that initiated by Harris. An approximate mechanical analysis of the coupling of the motion to the electrostatic field oscillations has been developed, which provides some degree of physical intuition and guides the more abstract dispersion-equation approach used in the suceeding analysis. The possible instabilities arising from the ion motion have been classified into two types. Type-A instabilities are characterized by (1) the circumstance that the electrostatic field propagates nearly transversely to the magnetic field, and (2) as the analysis shows, by the requirement that the transverse energy distribution must be peaked at other than zero energy. A monotonically decreasing transverse energy distribution is necessarily stable in this instance. Type-B instabilities arise when the oscillating electric field has a significant component along the magnetic field. Because of the effect of ion motion along the magnetic field, it is now possible for instabilities to arise when the transverse energy distribution decreases monotonically, unlike Type A. Both types of instabilities have been examined as to their dependence on the type of coupling to the plasma electrons, and the various instability criteria are stated. In these electron-ion instabilities a central feature is the coupling of the transverse ion motion to the motion of the electrons along field lines. The most rapidly growing modes are those in which electrons move one axial wavelength in one ion cyclotron period. For actual experimental plasmas, this axial wavelength may be too long to be supported in the experimental device. This can put severe restrictions on the occurrence of these particular instabilities. Another class of instabilities is of those which arise from a coupling of the ion distribution with itself, the electrons playing a passive role only. Of the several kinds of instabilities of this class discussed, the most important are those which arise from a double distribution of ions; e.g., a cold plasma in the presence of a hot ion plasma. The important feature of these instabilities is that they can occur for very low densities. The relevance of this analysis to several current experimental programs is discussed.
Resonant third-order optical nonlinearity of molecular aggregates with low-dimensional excitons

The observation is reported of large resonant third-order optical nonlinearity from an organic system with low-dimensional excitons, the pseudoisocyanine J aggregates. The nonlinearity, expressed as α2/α0, is determined to be (2.6 ± 0.5) × 10−7 cm2/W, which compares favorably with those for CdSxSe1−x-doped glasses (1 × 10−7 cm2/W for Corning 3-69 glass) and polydiacetylene (7.4 × 10−8 cm2/W). The large nonlinearity originates from the efficient bleaching of the sharp exciton absorption (~180 cm−1 at room temperature). Also, induced absorption is observed at the high-energy side of the exciton peak, which contributes to the saturation of the nonlinearity at higher power. The mechanism of the exciton bleaching and the nature of the induced absorption are discussed. It is demonstrated that organic systems with low-dimensional excitons represent an interesting class of nonlinear optical material.
Preparation of concentrated stable fenofibrate suspensions via liquid antisolvent precipitation

AbstractA major challenge in achieving size stability for relatively high concentration of fine particles from poorly water-soluble drug fenofibrate (FNB) is addressed through T-mixing based liquid antisolvent precipitation in the presence of ultrasonication and judicious use of stabilizers. Multiple stabilizers were screened in a batch mode prior to their continuous formation via T-mixing. In both cases, the stable suspensions maintained their size after 2 days of storage at room temperature, with the smallest particle size of d50: ∼1.2 µm was achieved through a combination of HPMC with SDS or PF-68. The influence of processing parameters, such as sonication energy, sonication probe insert depth and solvent/antisolvent flow rate, on the particle size distribution (PSD) in T-mixing were investigated, to identify optimum processing conditions. Optimal operating and formulation conditions also allowed increase in the drug loading from 0.32% to 4% (w/v), while keeping the median size 2.5 µm. Interestingly, t...