cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Theory of the Supersonic Turbulent Axisymmetric Near Wake behind Bluff-Base Bodies

Theme O of the current interests in solving the near-wake problem in a supersonic flow is to predict the effect of various base drag reducing concepts. The external burning concept, as applied by Strahle to the two-dimensional case using the simple Crocco-Lees theory showed that significant base drag reduction can be obtained using this concept. The motivation of the present investigation was to apply this concept to a more practical projectile shape, viz., axisymmetric, in a more quantitatively exact way. This now is warranted because of the notable improvement in the CroccoLees approach by Reeves and Lees for the laminar case and the remarkably successful application of the Reeves and Lees analysis by Alber and Lees to the two-dimensional turbulent case, using an eddy viscosity concept. Here, Alber and Lees' work* with suitable modifications, has been extended to the axisymmetric case. The present theory is for the adiabatic axisymmetric supersonic turbulent near wake without combustion, but contains sufficient flexibility to incorporate simple external combustion. The reversed flow has been treated with sufficient detail so as to allow for base bleed, because reactive bleed may be a promising adjunct to external burning to improve performance. Also, an entropy layer in the inviscid stream is allowed for, because several concepts of external burning would introduce the fuel by injection into the supersonic stream, causing injection shocks.
Development of a Maglev Propulsion System Based on the Halbach Magnet Arrays

This paper introduces a design and optimization study investigating the electrical propulsion system of a small-scale EDS Maglev based on the four-piece Halbach permanent magnet arrays.The Halbach arrays are to produce a strong spatially periodic magnetic field on the front surface of the arrays, while canceling the field on their back surface. The study focuses on analysis of the performance limits and optimization of the proof-of-concept system, which is currently located at the University of Central Florida in research collaboration with NASA for its application to the space launch.
A Preliminary Study of Intimate Partner Violence Among Nepali Women in the United States

Although there is a growing number of studies on intimate partner violence (IPV) in U.S. South Asian communities, the examination of IPV among Nepali women in the United States is still in the initial stage. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of and vulnerabilities to IPV among 45 Nepali immigrant women residing in the New York metropolitan area. The findings demonstrated that 75.6% of women had been verbally insulted by their current partners, and 62.2% had to seek permission from their partners to go to their friends' or relatives' houses.
Strategic Deception in Agents

Trust between agents is a well-studied concern for multiagent systems, but its counterpart, deception, deserves as much attention. In our area of research, interactive narrative generation, the study of deception is critical to the development of interesting and interactive stories.We describe an algorithm that explains how a deceiving agent might deceive a target agent in order to encourage the target agent to achieve a set of unspoken goals. The algorithm uses a modified planning process to ascertain the achievement of the unspoken goals while considering the goals of the deceived agent.
Minimizing security risks in ubicomp systems

In the Internet's early days, few people foresaw the emergence of spam, phishing schemes, and malware such as viruses, worms, Trojan horses, spyware, and key loggers that plague users today. It's safe to assume that ubicomp technologies will suffer from the same sorts of unforeseen vulnerabilities that have plagued the Internet. We can't account for every possible security and privacy risk in ubiquitous computing systems. We can, however, design such systems to reduce the burden on users as well as develop better security models and interaction techniques to prevent and minimize foreseeable threats.
Calcium Dependent CAMTA1 in Adult Stem Cell Commitment to a Myocardial Lineage

The phenotype of somatic cells has recently been found to be reversible. Direct reprogramming of one cell type into another has been achieved with transduction and over expression of exogenous defined transcription factors emphasizing their role in specifying cell fate. To discover early and novel endogenous transcription factors that may have a role in adult-derived stem cell acquisition of a cardiomyocyte phenotype, mesenchymal stem cells from human and mouse bone marrow and rat liver were co-cultured with neonatal cardiomyocytes as an in vitro cardiogenic microenvironment. Cell-cell communications develop between the two cell types as early as 24 hrs in co-culture and are required for elaboration of a myocardial phenotype in the stem cells 8–16 days later. These intercellular communications are associated with novel Ca2+ oscillations in the stem cells that are synchronous with the Ca2+ transients in adjacent cardiomyocytes and are detected in the stem cells as early as 24–48 hrs in co-culture. Early and significant up-regulation of Ca2+-dependent effectors, CAMTA1 and RCAN1 ensues before a myocardial program is activated. CAMTA1 loss-of-function minimizes the activation of the cardiac gene program in the stem cells. While the expression of RCAN1 suggests involvement of the well-characterized calcineurin-NFAT pathway as a response to a Ca2+ signal, the CAMTA1 up-regulated expression as a response to such a signal in the stem cells was unknown. Cell-cell communications between the stem cells and adjacent cardiomyocytes induce Ca2+ signals that activate a myocardial gene program in the stem cells via a novel and early Ca2+-dependent intermediate, up-regulation of CAMTA1.
Pulsed Laser Deposition of Cadmium Stannate, a Spinel-Type Transparent Conducting Oxide

Superlattice structures, consisting of SrCuO2, (Sr,Ca)CuO2, and BaCuO2 layers in the tetragonal, “infinite layer” crystal structure, have been grown by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD). Superlattice chemical modulation is observed for structures with component layers as thin as a single unit cell (~3.4 A), indicating that unit-cell control of (Sr,Ca)CuO2 growth is possible using conventional pulsed-laser deposition over a wide oxygen pressure regime. X-ray diffraction intensity oscillations, due to the finite thickness of the film, indicate that these films are extremely flat with a thickness variation of only ~20 A over a length scale of several thousand angstroms. Using the constraint of epitaxy to grow metastable cuprates in the infinite layer structure, novel high-temperature superconducting structural families have been formed. IN particular, epitaxially-stabilized SrCuO2/BaCuO2 superlattices, grown by sequentially depositing on lattice-matched (100) SrTiO3 from BaCuO2 and SrCuO2 ablation targets in a PLD system, show metallic conductivity and superconductivity at T c(onset) ~70 K. these results show that pulsed-laser deposition and epitaxial stabilization have been used to effectively “engineer” artificially-layered thin-film materials.
Beyond ballast water: aquarium and ornamental trades as sources of invasive species in aquatic ecosystems

Although ballast water has received much attention as a source of aquatic invasive species, aquariums and trade in aquarium and ornamental species are emerging as another important source for species likely to invade aquatic habitats. These species are spread throughout the world in a generally unregulated industry. The recent focus on the aquarium trade as a possible mechanism for environmentally sustainable development poses an especially dangerous threat, although this has so far escaped the attention of most environmentalists, conservationists, ecologists, and policy makers.
A privacy framework for mobile health and home-care systems

In this paper, we consider the challenge of preserving patient privacy in the context of mobile healthcare and home-care systems, that is, the use of mobile computing and communications technologies in the delivery of healthcare or the provision of at-home medical care and assisted living. This paper makes three primary contributions. First, we compare existing privacy frameworks, identifying key differences and shortcomings. Second, we identify a privacy framework for mobile healthcare and home-care systems. Third, we extract a set of privacy properties intended for use by those who design systems and applications for mobile healthcare and home-care systems, linking them back to the privacy principles. Finally, we list several important research questions that the community should address. We hope that the privacy framework in this paper can help to guide the researchers and developers in this community, and that the privacy properties provide a concrete foundation for privacy-sensitive systems and applications for mobile healthcare and home-care systems.
Observation of structure in elastic pp scattering at 100 and 200 GeV/c

The elastic differential cross section for pp scattering has been measured up to a momentum transfer of abs. value t = 3 (GeV/c)$sup 2$ at 100 GeV/ c and 200 GeV/c incident momenta. The 200 GeV/c measurements show a diffractive- like dip at abs. value t = 1.5 GeV/c, while no such dip is seen in the 100 GeV/c data. (NL)
Threshold improvement for phase-lock loop systems

This letter presents an ad hoc modification to the well known phase-lock loop system which yields significant improvement in threshold performance. Specifically, a zero-memory nonlinearity has been added to the forward path of the loop. Experimental evidence is presented to demonstrate the actual performance obtained.
Future Directions in Radioimmunotherapy for B-Cell Lymphoma

Abstract Rituximab has become a staple in the management of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, but it has limited activity as a single agent, with responses in about half of patients with recurrent follicular and low-grade lymphoma. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) may surmount inherent or acquired antibody resistance by targeting a radionuclide to tumor cells. This strategy is particularly appealing for B-cell lymphoma because CD20 affords an outstanding target and lymphomas are inherently radiosensitive. The efficacy and safety of RIT have been established in the treatment of relapsed or refractory indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and yttrium 90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin; Biogen Idec Inc, Cambridge, MA) was the first RIT agent to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. This supplement to Seminars in Oncology seeks to present hematologists and medical oncologists with the most recent developments in RIT with 90 Y ibritumomab tiuxetan for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, to clarify the role of the medical oncologist in the administration of the ibritumomab tiuxetan regimen, to indicate how and when RIT with 90 Y ibritumomab tiuxetan may most successfully be integrated into the continuum of treatment for patients with B-cell lymphoma, and to describe ongoing clinical trials with 90 Y ibritumomab tiuxetan in B-cell lymphomas.
Influence of angiotensin antagonists on renal vascular resistance and prostaglandin E release.

Blood pressure (BP), renal arterial pressure and renal blood flow (RBF) were measured and blood samples were removed for determination of prostaglandin E (PGE) content in pentobarbital anesthetized dogs. Analysis of PGE with prior column separation was by radioimmunoassay utilizing a PGF antiserum and PGE specific antiserum. The angiotensin antagonists 1-Sar-8-Ala-angiotensin II (saralasin) and 1-Sar-Ileu-angiotensin II (1-S-8-I A) were infused intraarterially to the kidney achieving concentrations of 20 and 50-60 ng/ml and 10 and 20 ng/ml, respectively before and during partial occlusion of the renal artery (RAO). 1-S-8-I A, 20 ng/ml, caused a small increase in renal vascular resistance (RVR) before RAO, but saralasin exerted no effect prior to RAO. Arterial and renal venous PGE levels were not affected by the antagonists. RAO caused a decrease in RVR and gradual increase in BP which ranged from 29-38% and 12-15 mmHg, respectively at the 20 min interval. The concentration of PGE in renal venous blood was...
Double (internal/external) alkyne insertion reactions of α-diazoketones

Abstract Acetylenic α-diazoketone 5 , when treated with Rh 2 (OAc) 4 and several different alkynes, gives alkyne insertion/cyclopropenation products. Subsequent catalytic ring opening reactions demonstrate a highly regioselective net double alkyne insertion process and a new dihydropentalenone synthesis.
A model study of periodic breathing, stability of the neonatal respiratory system, and causes of sudden infant death syndrome

Abstract A mathematical model of the neonatal respiratory system has been modified and used to examine the system under various physiological conditions at different stages of maturity. The respiratory responses in hypoxia, periodic breathing and following a sigh have been analyzed. The effects of different respiratory parameters on the stability of the system for normal and premature infants have been investigated. The causes of periodic breathing, apnea spells and sudden infant death syndrome for full-term and premature infants have been studied, and the results compared wih the available experimental findings. The response of the infant respiratory system has been found to be highly sensitive to several parameters of the system, as indicated by the results of this study. These significant parameters are: sensitivity factor of central receptors to carbon dioxide, sensitivity factor of arterial receptors to oxygen, functional residual capacity of the lungs, the alveolar–arterial oxygen difference and the lungs shunt ratio. It has been shown that different parts of the respiratory controller have antagonistic effects on hypoxic periodic breathing and apnea of infancy.
Fabrication of Coaxial and Triaxial Atomic Force Microscope Imaging Probes

Herein, we detail the fabrication of atomic force microscope (AFM) probes that have two and three coaxial electrodes at their tips. This fabrication strategy leverages the availability of conductive AFM probes and encompasses a general method for processing their complex and delicate structure through the deposition of insulating and conductive layers by shadow masked chemical and physical vapor deposition, respectively. Focused ion beam milling is used to expose the two electrode (coaxial) or three electrode (triaxial) structures at the tip of the AFM probe. Finally, we discuss new imaging modalities enabled by these probes including electrically-driven contact resonance imaging for nanoscale mechanical characterization, imaging the local dielectric constant by quantifying the dielectrophoretic force, and trapping functional particles at the tip of a probe using dielectrophoresis. These imaging techniques illustrate the generality and utility of this fabrication approach and suggest that such probes could be widely applied to image many nanoscale materials.
High voltage overview

Program and erase are the only two operations able to modify the content of the cells. Since the content of the cells is strictly related to the number ν of electrons inside the floating gate, these operations involve high electric fields (i.e. high voltages) to exploit the Fowler-Nordheim phenomena (Chap. 3 and change ν. Particular attention must be taken when dealing with high voltages, since a little variation could have dramatic consequences.
A novel signature for identification of upstream alternative translation initiation sites

Alternative translation initiation sites (aTIS) and the factors that determine an ideal mode of translation of mRNA in the eukaryotic system has been widely studied over the past several decades. Such studies demonstrate that single mRNA can yield multiple protein isoforms using the AUG and non-AUG start codons. While the conspicuous scanning model explains how the process of translation initiation begins when the pre-initiation complex encounters a start codon with optimal sequence context, referred to as “Kozak” consensus and the leaky scanning model explains the process of alternative translation downstream. Additionally, there are alternative translation initiation sites upstream and in-frame to the canonical AUG start site, which are present in the 5′ UTR of the mRNA. This choice of aTIS results in a longer N-terminally expanded protein isoform. It is unclear as to what are the factors that determine the selection of a start codon to be a potential upstream aTIS. In this study we investigate if there exists a third element, besides the sequence context at a certain distance from canonical AUG start codon, in the 5′ UTR of human mRNAs called the “complementary matching palindrome” that differentiates an upstream aTIS from any other codon. Our results show the presence of longest complementary matching palindrome around CUG codon, which may serve as an aTIS to translate proteins that are longer than their canonical isoforms.
Assessment of Top-Down and Bottom-Up Controls on the Collapse of Alewives ( Alosa pseudoharengus ) in Lake Huron

Food web models are powerful tools to inform management of lake ecosystems, where top-down (predation) and bottom-up (resource) controls likely propagate through multiple trophic levels because of strong predator–prey links. We used the Ecopath with Ecosim modeling approach to assess these controls on the Lake Huron main basin food web and the 2003 collapse of an invasive pelagic prey fish, alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus). We parameterized two Ecopath models to characterize food web changes occurring between two study periods of 1981–1985 and 1998–2002. We also built an Ecosim model and simulated food web time-dynamics under scenarios representing different levels of top-down control by Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and of bottom-up control by quagga mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) and nutrients. Ecopath results showed an increase in the relative importance of bottom-up controls between the two periods, as production decreased across all trophic levels. The production of non-dreissenid benthos decreased most, which could cause decreases in production of pelagic prey fishes feeding on them. Ecosim simulation results indicated that the alewife collapse was caused by a combination of top-down and bottom-up controls. Results showed that while controls by Chinook salmon were relatively constant before alewife collapse, controls by quagga mussels and nutrients increased jointly to unsustainable levels. Under current conditions of low nutrients and high quagga mussel biomass, simulation results showed that recovery of alewives is unlikely regardless of Chinook salmon biomass in Lake Huron, which implies that the shrinking prey base cannot support the same level of salmonine predators as that prevailed during the 1980s.
Penal austerity: Perceived utility, desert, and public attitudes toward prison amenities

Several states have reduced or eliminated a variety of amenities for prisoners. It is unclear, however, whether the general public supports making prisons harsher and more austere. Using a sample of 200 citizens from central Florida, the present study finds less support for prison austerity than commonly assumed. In addition, these preferences are linked to particular correctional goals, especially concerns about utility and desert.
Reduced von Willebrand Factor Fragment in Plasma

Zimmerman et al reported that normal plasma vWF contains proteolytic fragments of 225, 189, 176, and 140 kDa with anti-vWF monoclonal antibodies in the presence of protease inhibitors and partial cleavage of the plasma vWF subunit is a normal event. Now we report here the analysis of normal plasma vWF with home-made polyclonal anti-reduced vWF antibody by using a small amount of normal plasma itself. With this reference, the vWF fragments with mobility corresponding to 240, 216 (220, 210), 194, 164, and 144 kDa were detected. Also by means of employing anti-reduced SP III and SP II antibody, we suggested that the 164 kDa fragment is located close to the carboxy terminal and the 194 and 144 kDa fragments are located close to the amino terminal. Furthermore, the vWF fragments showed no difference in mobility with or without protease inhibitor. In vivo proteolytic degradation of vWF occurring normally was also shown by our technique.
Mass Assignments of 23-secPd107mand 4.8-minPd109m; Search for <3-secPd105m

The formation of the 23-sec and 4.8-min Pd isomers by neutron activation of ${\mathrm{Pd}}^{106}$ and ${\mathrm{Pd}}^{108}$ samples leads to the mass assignments 23-sec ${\mathrm{Pd}}^{107m}$ and 4.8-min ${\mathrm{Pd}}^{109m}$. Both isomers decay by isomeric transition with considerable conversion only and are not formed in the $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay of the corresponding Rh isotopes. The spin assignments ($\frac{11}{2}\ensuremath{-}$) could be confirmed. No isomeric state of ${\mathrm{Pd}}^{105}$ was found, and it is concluded that its half-life will be shorter than 3 sec.
The Effect of Chronic Kidney Disease on Mortality with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy.

Background Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves functional status, reduces heart failure hospitalizations, and decreases mortality. Several comorbidities including renal function affect outcomes with CRT. However, moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) was an exclusion criterion in the large randomized control trials. Objective To evaluate the association of renal function on survival following CRT implantation. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of 432 consecutive patients implanted with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator with CRT (CRT-D). The primary end point was defined as death by any cause, and it was determined using hospital records and the U.S. Social Security Death Index. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed separating renal dysfunction into renal stage based on glomerular filtration rate. Multivariate analysis was performed to assess the clinical predictors of mortality. Results Patients were followed for up to 12 years with a mean follow-up time of 4.3 ± 3.2 years. A total of 164 patients (39.3%) died over the course of the study. Patients with normal and mild renal diseases (Stages 1 and 2) had improved survival compared with those with moderate-, severe-, or end-stage (Stages 3-5) renal disease. This effect remained statistically significant after multivariate analysis. The estimated 5-year mortality was 36.3% for stage 1, 33.4% for stage 2, 40.6% for stage 3, and 62.1% for stage 4/5 kidney disease (P = 0.004 by log-rank test). Conclusion CKD is a strong and an independent predictor of long-term mortality among patients undergoing CRT-D implantation.
Gaseous ozone treatment of baby spinach within the existing production chain for inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7

Abstract Sanitization of fresh fruits and vegetables, particularly leafy greens, is limited by penetration of sanitizers to the location of internalized pathogens. It is necessary, therefore, to adapt sanitization operations to practices in the existing produce chain. In this work, we investigated experimentally in a pilot scale, various potential sanitization options using gaseous ozone during and post vacuum cooling on the inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 43889. It was found that vacuum cooling causes bacterial internalization, making them harder to reach by sanitizer. However, the application of ozone during the vacuum cooling step significantly reduced (p
Vibrational Spectroscopy of Biological and Polymeric Materials

Vibrational spectroscopy of biological and polymeric materials , Vibrational spectroscopy of biological and polymeric materials , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Time Banditry and Impression Management Behavior Prediction and Profiling of Time Bandit Types

Time banditry recently has been introduced as a distinct construct in the counterproductive work behavior literature. Employees are engaged in time banditry when they pursue non–task-related activities during work time. We posit that they capitalize on the ambiguity in most work environments to manage impressions that their time banditry behavior really is productive and not counterproductive work behavior. In this investigation, two studies were conducted to explore variables that can be used to classify time bandits into four different categories. Discriminant function analysis was used to determine individual-level and job-level factors that classify time bandits. Results revealed that both situational and dispositional variables can be used to predict time bandit type. Suggestions for future research and implications for managing, reducing, and changing time banditry behaviors are discussed.
Polyphenols in Ayurvedic Medicine and Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is a growing epidemic. Ayurvedic medicine is an alternative therapy that offers a variety of herbal remedies relevant to the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Herbs used in ayurveda are rich in polyphenolic compounds. Polyphenols are key components used for the regulation of blood sugar, insulin sensitivity, and other diabetic complications. This chapter compares and contrasts polyphenolic herbs that may be used in conjunction with conventional medicine, to assist with the complications of type 2 diabetes.
New Graduate Entry: Students’ Transition to an Adapted Physical Education Graduate Program

The purpose of this study was to describe and explain master of arts students’ academic and social experiences during the transition to an adapted physical education (APE) graduate program. In this study, we used the theory of transition, which allowed us to understand students’ transition to graduate studies and to assist them in connecting to the academic support needed to cope with their changing circumstances. Seven APE master’s students (3 men and 4 women) participated in the study, which had a descriptive-qualitative design. The data sources were a demographic questionnaire, face-to-face interviews, and the program of graduate study (archival record). Interview data were analyzed using a constant comparative method, and results in themes related to (a) difficulty in academic transition to the graduate program, (b) relationships with program faculty, and (c) experiential learning. To better support APE graduate students, we encourage academic departments, administrators, faculty, and all students to learn how to view themselves as playing various roles, such as academic advisor, graduate student, graduate assistant, and fellowship graduate student.
Hemolytic Rate and Nitric Oxide Bioavailability Modulate the Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) in Transgenic Sickle Mice

In sickle cell disease (SCD), tissue hypoxia (caused by vaso-occlusive events, abnormal red cell rheology and anemia), intense oxidative stress and persistent hemolysis are three major components that determine pathogenesis. In SCD, ischemic events are likely to activate hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a transcription factor that is involved in regulation of several genes including genes for vasoactive molecules. Although tissue ischemia is the primary instigator of HIF-1α activation, the induction, stabilization and degradation of HIF-1α also involves participation of signaling molecules, oxygen sensors (prolyl hydroxylases or PHDs) and redox reactions. Nitric oxide (NO) is a major signaling molecule affecting the activity of PHDs. We hypothesize that increased oxidative stress and reduced NO bioavailability caused by cell-free plasma heme will have a significant effect on HIF-1α expression under in vivo conditions. To this end, we have explored the effect of hemolysis and NO bioavailability on HIF-1α expression: in transgenic-knockout sickle (BERK) mice expressing varying levels of anti-sickling fetal hemoglobin (HbF), and in transgenic sickle (NY1DD) mice subjected to arginine treatment and hypoxia. We used BERK mice expressing different levels of HbF: BERK (HbF P 2 ) starting day 12 of arginine treatment. Compared with normoxic controls, hypoxia caused marked accumulation of HIF-1α in the cremaster tissue. Importantly, arginine markedly reduced hypoxia-induced HIF-1α activation in NY1DD mice to the control level, indicating that under hypoxic conditions increased NO bioavailability (arginine treatment) is associated with degradation of HIF-1α. Interestingly, arginine-treated NY1DD mice show increased NOx levels, and reduced expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a marker of hemolysis, by almost 40%. Taken together, these results provide the first in vivo demonstration that the hemolytic rate and NO bioavailability have a major influence on HIF-1α expression in the mouse models of SCD.
IMapple — Functional structural model of apple trees

Computer simulation of tree development can provide important insight into real world tree behavior. Numerous models have been developed ranging from simple equations to complicated 3D geometrical models that allow for simulation of acquisition and allocation of carbohydrates. We introduce IMapple (Interactively Modeled Apple), a functional structural apple tree model that builds on the source-sink model of L-peach. Our model integrates accurate biological functionality, as well as high quality visual geometric details. The details are modeled by using subdivision surfaces that allows for fast generation of high precision geometry and direct illumination of leaves is simulated by sampling the sky and the sun trajectory. The main advantage of the IMapple is that allows for an interactive experimentation by the way it manages data. Input data can be provided interactively or by using real-world samples and the model responds immediately. Alternatively, hypothesized data can be input by drawing functional dependencies, for example the resource assimilation rate as a function of light interception can be input by drawing a graph showing the real or assumed relationship. Moreover, our model supports a variety of convenient user interactions, such as branch pruning and flower thinning. We have collected a large data set over the last few years that serves as inputs to our model. IMapple is fast and it allows for interactive or near-interactive simulation of apple trees. For example, a ten years-old tree grown with a time step of one hour can be simulated in under five minutes using a PC. Moreover, our system allows for a simulation of multiple trees and their mutual interaction. We demonstrate the results by simulating growth and fruiting of Golden Delicious apple trees realistically with data collected from a planting at the Purdue Meigs research farm.
Efficient RNA folding using Zuker's method

We develop a cache-efficient RNA folding algorithm, ByBox, that is based on Zuker's method. Using a simple LRU cache model, we show that the traditional implementation, Zuker, of Zuker's method has a much higher number of cache misses than ByBox. Extensive experiments conducted on the Xeon E5 server show that cache efficiency translates into time and energy efficiency. Our benchmarking shows that, ByBox reduced run time by as much as 83.9% and energy consumption by as much as 80.4% relative to Zuker. Since Zuker's method is the core component of research/-commercial RNA folding software such as RNAfold, we extend our cache efficient algorithm to compute the same RNA folding as does RNAfold. Our benchmarking shows that the extended ByBox algorithm is up to 65.1% faster than RNAfold.
Where Are We Now? Survey on Rates of Faculty Self-Deposit in Institutional Repositories

INTRODUCTION The literature of institutional repositories generally indicates that faculty do not self-deposit, but there is a gap in the research of reported self-deposit numbers that might indicate how widespread and common this is. METHODS This study was conducted using a survey instrument that requested information about whether a repository allowed self-deposit and what its rates of self-deposit were, if known. The instrument contained additional questions intended to gather a broader context of repositories to be examined for any correlations with higher rates of self-deposit. It also included questions about the kinds of labor required to populate an IR as well as satisfaction with the rates of self-deposit. RESULTS Of 82 respondents, 80 were deemed to fall within the study’s parameters. Of these, 55 respondents’ institutions allowed self-deposit, and 10 reported rates of self-deposit of more than 20 items per month. More than half the total respondents reported using at least three methods other than relying on self-deposit to add content to their repository. Respondents are generally unsatisfied with their deposit profiles, including one at a school reporting the highest rate of self-deposit. DISCUSSION From the responses, no profile could be formed of respondents reporting high rates of self-deposit that did not entirely overlap with many others reporting little or no self-deposit. However, the survey identifies factors without which high rates are unlikely. CONCLUSION The results of this survey may be most useful as a factor in administrative prioritizations and expectations regarding institutional repositories as sites of scholarly self-deposit.
MV and Heyting Effect Algebras

We review the fact that an MV-algebra is the same thing as a lattice-ordered effect algebra in which disjoint elements are orthogonal. An HMV-algebra is an MV-effect algebra that is also a Heyting algebra and in which the Heyting center and the effect-algebra center coincide. We show that every effect algebra with the generalized comparability property is an HMV-algebra. We prove that, for an MV-effect algebra E, the following conditions are mutually equivalent: (i) E is HMV, (ii) E has a center valued pseudocomplementation, (iii) E admits a central cover mapping γ such that, for all p, q∈E, p∧q=0⇒γ(p)∧q=0.
Three-dimensional spatial analysis of missense variants in RTEL1 identifies pathogenic variants in patients with Familial Interstitial Pneumonia.

Next-generation sequencing of individuals with genetic diseases often detects candidate rare variants in numerous genes, but determining which are causal remains challenging. We hypothesized that the spatial distribution of missense variants in protein structures contains information about function and pathogenicity that can help prioritize variants of unknown significance (VUS) and elucidate the structural mechanisms leading to disease. To illustrate this approach in a clinical application, we analyzed 13 candidate missense variants in regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 (RTEL1) identified in patients with Familial Interstitial Pneumonia (FIP). We curated pathogenic and neutral RTEL1 variants from the literature and public databases. We then used homology modeling to construct a 3D structural model of RTEL1 and mapped known variants into this structure. We next developed a pathogenicity prediction algorithm based on proximity to known disease causing and neutral variants and evaluated its performance with leave-one-out cross-validation. We further validated our predictions with segregation analyses, telomere lengths, and mutagenesis data from the homologous XPD protein. Our algorithm for classifying RTEL1 VUS based on spatial proximity to pathogenic and neutral variation accurately distinguished 7 known pathogenic from 29 neutral variants (ROC AUC = 0.85) in the N-terminal domains of RTEL1. Pathogenic proximity scores were also significantly correlated with effects on ATPase activity (Pearson r = −0.65, p = 0.0004) in XPD, a related helicase. Applying the algorithm to 13 VUS identified from sequencing of RTEL1 from patients predicted five out of six disease-segregating VUS to be pathogenic. We provide structural hypotheses regarding how these mutations may disrupt RTEL1 ATPase and helicase function. Spatial analysis of missense variation accurately classified candidate VUS in RTEL1 and suggests how such variants cause disease. Incorporating spatial proximity analyses into other pathogenicity prediction tools may improve accuracy for other genes and genetic diseases.
Influence of lateral boundaries on transport in quasi-two-dimensional flow

We assess the impact of lateral coastline-like boundaries on mixing and transport in a laboratory quasi-two-dimensional turbulent flow using a transfer-operator approach. We examine the most coherent sets in the flow, as defined by the singular vectors of the transfer operator, as a way to characterize its mixing properties. We study three model coastline shapes: a uniform boundary, a sharp embayment, and a sharp headland. Of these three, we show that the headland affects the mixing deep into the flow domain because it has a tendency to pin transport barriers to its tip. Our results may have implications for the siting of coastal facilities that discharge into the ocean.
Broadband infrared light emitting waveguides based on UV curable PbS quantum dot composites

We present herein the active PbS-photopolymer waveguide fabricated by vacuum assisted microfluidic (VAM) soft lithography technique. The PbS Quantum Dots (QDs) were synthesized using colloidal chemistry methods with tunable sizes and emission wavelengths, resulting in efficient light emission around 1000 nm center wavelength. The PbS QDs have demonstrated much better solubility in our newly synthesized UV curable polymer than SU-8 photoresist, verified by Photoluminescence (PL) testing. Through refractive index control, the PbS QDs-polymer core material and polymer cladding material can efficiently confine the infrared emitting light with a broad spectral bandwidth of ~180 nm. Both single-mode and multi-mode light emitting waveguides have been realized.
Sensitivity analysis of the near-road dispersion model RLINE - An evaluation at Detroit, Michigan

The development of accurate and appropriate exposure metrics for health effect studies of traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs) remains challenging and important given that traffic has become the dominant urban exposure source and that exposure estimates can affect estimates of associated health risk. Exposure estimates obtained using dispersion models can overcome many of the limitations of monitoring data, and such estimates have been used in several recent health studies. This study examines the sensitivity of exposure estimates produced by dispersion models to meteorological, emission and traffic allocation inputs, focusing on applications to health studies examining near-road exposures to TRAP. Daily average concentrations of CO and NOx predicted using the Research Line source model (RLINE) and a spatially and temporally resolved mobile source emissions inventory are compared to ambient measurements at near-road monitoring sites in Detroit, MI, and are used to assess the potential for exposure measurement error in cohort and population-based studies. Sensitivity of exposure estimates is assessed by comparing nominal and alternative model inputs using statistical performance evaluation metrics and three sets of receptors. The analysis shows considerable sensitivity to meteorological inputs; generally the best performance was obtained using data specific to each monitoring site. An updated emission factor database provided some improvement, particularly at near-road sites, while the use of site-specific diurnal traffic allocations did not improve performance compared to simpler default profiles. Overall, this study highlights the need for appropriate inputs, especially meteorological inputs, to dispersion models aimed at estimating near-road concentrations of TRAPs. It also highlights the potential for systematic biases that might affect analyses that use concentration predictions as exposure measures in health studies, e.g., to estimate health impacts.
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor - A Concept Requiring an Apologia?

Concepts relating to cell of origin and nosology of the group of central nervous system (CNS) tumors composed largely of primitive neuroepithelial cells (PNECs) date back to 1925 when the prototype tumor in this group, the medulloblastoma, was defined as a clinical and pathologic entity by Bailey and Cushing (1925). Tumors of this type had been described by others around the turn of the century but had carried a variety of names, most including the term sarcoma (Zulch 1965).
Atomistic analysis of the { 10 1 ¯ 2 } twin stability and growth in α -Ti

${10\overline{1}2}\ensuremath{\langle}\overline{1}011\ensuremath{\rangle}$ twin is a prominent deformation mode in hexagonal close-packed materials. It is experimentally observed that twin interfaces are not flat entities, but characterized by kink pairs (KPs) of diverse heights. It has been shown that these kinks or facets delimit basal and prismatic planes. The nature of the defects constituting the facets prescribes their properties, in terms of stability and mobility, which relates to twin growth. In this work, we examine the basic features of such kinks in $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-Ti from an atomistic modeling viewpoint. We analyze the response of the system with KPs varying in width and height upon normal and shear stresses and under pure bending conditions. We show that bending indeed modifies the interaction energy between kinks, which raises further questions about the nature of the defects. We calculate the nucleation and migration energy barrier for the twin depending on the applied shear stress, resulting in small values, which implies that small thermal energy suffices to activate twin growth. We observe a crossover in the stable height of the KP depending on the applied stress and its width: the wider the KP the higher the most stable. We have developed a twin thickening model that accounts for the thermal KP nucleation and the propagation of the kinks. We show how the model compares satisfactorily with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Finally, we have developed a kinetic Monte Carlo methodology to study twin growth, with much less computational burden than MD, that is able to explore the growth rate under a broader set of external conditions.
Implementation and Testing of Variants

The discovery of the possibility of generating L&P cuts through pivoting in the LP tableau, without recourse to the higher-dimensional (CGLP), has opened the door to the introduction of this class of cuts into commercial optimizers
Is Prevalence of Atherosclerotic Risk Factors Increasing Among Young Adults? It Depends on How You Ask

Background Incidence of cardiovascular disease in young adults is unabated. Increased prevalence of self‐reported atherosclerotic risk factors may be driving this trend. The goal of this study was ...
Genomic testing in pediatric epilepsy

Genomic testing has become routine in the diagnosis and management of pediatric patients with epilepsy. In a single test, hundreds to thousands of genes are examined for DNA changes that may not only explain the etiology of the patient's condition but may also inform management and seizure control. Clinical genomic testing has been in clinical practice for less than a decade, and because of this short period of time, the appropriate clinical use and interpretation of genomic testing is still evolving. Compared to the previous era of single-gene testing in epilepsy, which yielded a diagnosis in <5% of cases, many clinical genomic studies of epilepsy have demonstrated a clinically significant diagnosis in 30% or more of patients tested. This review will examine key studies of the past decade and indicate the clinical scenarios in which genomic testing should be considered standard of care.
Inhibition of microbial beta-glucuronidase does not prevent breast carcinogenesis in the polyoma middle T mouse

Purpose: To demonstrate whether inhibition of intestinal microbial beta-glucuronidase (BGUS) abrogates tumor formation in an MMTV-PyMT mouse breast cancer model. Methods: Female MMTV- PyMT heterozygote mice (4 weeks old) were randomized to oral gavage with vehicle or UNC10201652 (20 μg/day), a microbial BGUS inhibitor, for 9 weeks. The entire animal carcass was assessed for tumor deposits by histology and immunohistochemical staining for tumor (Ki67, PCNA) and breast specific (ER, PR, Cyclin D1, αSMA, Integrin β1) markers. Results: The MMTV-PyMT breast pathology in our study simulates prior published reports of tumor incidence and aggressiveness. There was no significant difference in the tumor histology, the number of tumors (lesions), and patterns of spread of tumors in the UNC10201652 versus the vehicle-treated mice. Similarly, there were no significant differences in the semi-quantitative scores for expression of ER, PR, Ki67, PCNA, or Integrin β1. There were also no major differences seen in the qualitative screening of Cyclin D1 and αSMA. Conclusions: MMTV-PyMT mice administered UNC10201652, when compared to vehicle-treated mice, show a similar abundance of breast tumor (and tumor-initiating) lesions ranging from hyperplasia to frank carcinoma. There is a trend, however small, that the incidence of hyperplastic and adenomas may be decreased in UNC10201652 treated mice. Further refined dosing strategies in MMTV-PyMT are planned to clarify its biological significance. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of any BGUS inhibitor in chemoprevention of breast tumors using a genetic model simulating human breast cancer.
Leveraging social media to explore the barriers to treatment among individuals with depressive symptoms.

Background Individuals with depression may not seek treatment for their symptoms due to several types of barriers to treatment. In support of the growing research on mental health care access and the role of social media, this study aimed to increase knowledge of these barriers among social media users. Methods Participants were recruited from several social media platforms, including Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Reddit, Tumblr, and online depression forums. Eligible participants had endorsed having posted about feeling sad or depressed on social media, or followed social media groups that post about depression-related topics. Participants completed an online survey about their depression symptoms, interest in treatment, and potential barriers to accessing treatment. Results Of the participants reaching criteria for depression, those with major depression were more likely to seek out treatment, to report an unmet need for treatment, and have a higher risk of suicide. For participants with major depression, barriers to treatment were more likely to be attitudinal, while participants with mild depression experienced more structural barriers. Conclusions This study demonstrates several barriers to treatment that occur for individuals struggling with depression, and that online platforms are effective mediums to recruit individuals with depression symptoms who seek mental health support.
Academic Achievement and Economic Attainment: Reexamining Associations Between Test Scores and Long-Run Earnings:

The current article reexamines the correlation between achievement test scores and earnings by providing new evidence on the association between academic skills and measures of adult earnings asses...
The big cost of big medicine – calculating the rent in private healthcare

As a country, the United States spends significantly more on healthcare than other advanced industrialized countries, and Americans have comparably worse health outcomes. Both are developments of t...
Inclusion, epistemic democracy and international students: the teaching excellence framework and education policy: by Aneta Hayes, Switzerland, Palgrave Macmillan, 2019, XLIII, 187 pp., 58,84 € (eBook), ISBN 9783030114015

International student mobility has affected educational, cultural, political discourses (knowledge) of home countries and host countries. International students are regarded as cash cows and one of...