cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Antarctic glacial history recorded in sediments of the Southern Ocean

Abstract A study of the distribution of sediment types and of ice rafted glacial debris in marine cores from the Southern Ocean provides an outline of Late Tertiary Antarctic glaciation, while the paleomagnetic dating of these cores has established its chronology. The results suggest a glacial maximum during the Gauss paleomagnetic epoch (2.35–3.35 m.y.) during which the 0° surface water isotherm was displaced northwards more than 5° of latitude relative to the present. Glaciation waned sporadically during the Matuyama epoch (0.7–2.35 m.y.) to reach its present extent during the Bunhes epoch (0.–0.7 m.y.). Although the southern limit of permanent sea ice has been poleward of its present limit in the Pacific and Weddell Seas during the past 0.7 m.y., the position of the convergence has not been shifted much south of its present position during this time. Antarctic glaciation was initiated prior to 5.0 m.y. ago.
A web-based listening methodology for studying relative clause acquisition

This paper addresses the comprehension of relative clauses in audio prompts using online listening exercises implemented in a classroom. Reaction time to short and long sentences containing subject and object relative clauses was assessed in subjects attending an intensive ESL course for graduate students. The results indicate the possibility that learners shift resources when processing more syntactically complex audio prompts, such as those with object relatives. This shift from a discrete measure such as accuracy to a continuous variable like reaction time accommodates theoretical frameworks which do not rely on categorical paradigms of learning.
What Matters in Sociology

Les AA. examinent deux enquetes menees en 1968 et en 1996 aupres des presidents successifs de l'American Sociological Association et des membres des comites de redaction de l'American Sociological Review et de l'American Journal of Sociology. Ces deux etudes permettent de voir de quelle maniere ces eminents chercheurs envisagent l'evolution des differents domaines de recherche en sociologie. Elles permettent egalement de comprendre quels sont, a leurs yeux, les domaines de recherche les plus importants et les plus fertiles et par sucroit quels sont les domaines de recherches les moins importants et les plus steriles.
Institutional Sexism in the Underworld: A View From the Inside

In this report we examine the views of male thieves toward women as potential accomplices or partners in crime. Our interviews revealed, in general, that females are perceived as lacking the qualities for being good thieves (e.g., heart, trust), exhibit specific deficiencies which limit their actual or perceived ability to perpetrate crimes, and tend to be relegated to subservient roles if and when they are involved in mixed-sex crime activities unless special opportunities or circumstances exist in which a female partner is distinctly an advantage to the male for pulling off the crime. This institutionalized sexism in the underworld narrowly restricts the illegitimate opportunities available to females and helps explain why females are seldom involved in lucrative criminal enterprise. We conclude by suggesting: that the study of female criminality has been retarded by an inaccurate conception of crime as an isolated act committed by a person, without regard to that person's relationships with other people, groups, and organizations.
Isolated partial anomalous pulmonary venous return with intact atrial septum: a rare but treatable cause of pulmonary hypertension in adults.

A 56-year-old woman presented with a 1-year history of progressive dyspnoea on exertion. Echocardiography and right heart catheterization demonstrated severe right ventricular enlargement and pulmonary hypertension (74/40 mmHg) without any evidence of atrial septal defect (ASD). Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging was performed to identify possible causes. Cine MR showed severe right ventricular enlargement right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVI) (160 mL/m2) with moderate systolic dysfunction right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) (35%) ( Panel …
Bird Perches Increase Forest Seeds on Puerto Rican Landslides.

Landslides result in the loss of vertical vegetative structure, soil nutrients, and the soil seed bank. These losses impede timely recovery of tropical forest communities. In this study we added bird perches to six Puerto Rican landslides with three types of surfaces (bare, climbing fern, grass) in an effort to facilitate inputs of forest seeds through bird dispersal and to accelerate plant succession. Numbers of bird-dispersed forest seeds were significantly higher in plots beneath introduced perches than in control plots. Perches did not increase forest seedling densities compared with control plots. Seven different species of birds were observed on introduced perches. Because 99% of the seed inputs to controls and perch plots in the six landslides were wind-dispersed seeds (mostly graminoids), perches can improve landslide restoration if woody plants establish and shade out the dominant graminoid and climbing fern ground cover. Although increasing seed inputs from forest species is a critical step in accelerating revegetation of landslides, we suggest that supplemental restoration techniques be applied in addition to bird perches to promote forest recovery.
Self-healing structural composite materials

A self-healing fiber-reinforced structural polymer matrix composite material is demonstrated. In the composite, a microencapsulated healing agent and a solid chemical catalyst are dispersed within the polymer matrix phase. Healing is triggered by crack propagation through the microcapsules, which then release the healing agent into the crack plane. Subsequent exposure of the healing agent to the chemical catalyst initiates polymerization and bonding of the crack faces. Self-healing (autonomic healing) is demonstrated on width-tapered double cantilever beam fracture specimens in which a mid-plane delamination is introduced and then allowed to heal. Autonomic healing at room temperature yields as much as 45% recovery of virgin interlaminar fracture toughness, while healing at 80 °C increases the recovery to over 80%. The in situ kinetics of healing in structural composites is investigated in comparison to that of neat epoxy resin.
MAGNETISM AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE IN NONMETALS

Abstract : The magnetic properties of matter are primarily determined by crystal structure and the number of outer electrons on the metal atoms. After a brief description of the principal structures of nonmetallic, magnetic materials, there is a discussion of the two most widely used descriptions of outer electrons in solids: the collectiveelectron description of band theory and the localized-electron description of ligand-field theory. A numerical estimate of the critical separation Rc for transition-metal atoms is given, in which the collective-electron picture is more appropriate for R Rc. Octahedral vs tetrahedral site-preference energies of transition-metal cations play an important role in spinels and garnets - ferrimagnetic materials in wide use in practical applications. The present state of theoretical site-preference energies is critically reviewed, and it is pointed out that failure to account properly for anion polarizations has led to incorrect quantitative conclusions, which have been previously predicted on a point-charge ligand-field model. Since the melting point Tmp of a transition-metal compound is primarily determined by the outer s-p electrons, there may be a transition temperature Tt < Tmp below which there is d electron ordering. Such ordering is usually reflected in both the crystallographic and magnetic properties of these materials. Nine types of electron ordering at a Tt < Tmp are identified and briefly discussed. (Author)
The computed force constants and vibrational spectra of toluene

The complete harmonic force field and dipole moment derivatives have been computed for toluene at the Hartree-Fock level using a 4-21G basis set. The six scale factors optimized for benzene were used to scale the computed harmonic force constants of toluene. The vibrational frequencies of toluene computed from this scaled quantum mechanical force field are quite good. After a correction was made to two previously proposed spectral assignments, the mean deviation from the experimental frequencies is only 7.8 cm-1 except for the frequencies related to the methyl group. Five more scale factors for the vibrational modes of the methyl group were reoptimized. The final comparison showed an overall mean deviation of 7.5 cm-1 between the theoretical spectrum and the experimental spectrum. Computed intensities are qualitatively in agreement with experiments. They are highly useful in the investigation of questionable assignments.
INHIBITION OF WOUND INDUCED GLYCOALKALOID FORMATION IN POTATO TUBERS (Solanum tuberosum L.) BY ISOPROPYL‐N‐(3‐CHLOROPHENYL)‐CARBAMATE

Inhibitory effects of isopropyl-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-carbamate (CIPC), a sprout inhibitor, on wound induced glycoalkaloid formation of three cultivars of potato tubers were studied. Dipping of mechanically damaged Russet Burbank tubers and cut cubes in 100 and 1000 ppm CIPC emulsified water solution completely inhibited the wound induced glycoalkaloid formation. Dipping at 1 and 10 ppm CIPC resulted in 9–70% inhibition of glycoalkaloid formation. Fumigation of damaged Russet Burbank tubers and cut cubes with 100 and 1000 mg CIPC/m3 caused 6–86% inhibition of wound induced glycoalkaloid formation. Fumigation at 10 mg CIPC/m3 had no effect. CIPC has similar inhibitory effect of glycoalkaloid formation of damaged tubers of Red Pontiac and white Rose cultivars. CIPC treatment had no effect on existing glycoalkaloids and light induced glycoalkaloid formation pf potato tubers.
Disseminated nonlymphoblastic lymphoma of childhood: A childrens cancer group study, CCG‐552

(1) Purpose: To assess the efficacy of a chemotherapy-only regimen in pediatric patients with disseminated nonlymphoblastic lymphoma and acute B-cell leukemia (B-ALL). (2) Patients and Methods: Sixty-eight eligible patients with previously untreated disseminated non-lymphoblastic lymphoma were enrolled on a Childrens Cancer Group study. Therapy included cycles of chemotherapy, systemic and intrathecal (IT), ever 3 weeks for a total maximal duration of 57 weeks. Fifty-five patients had small non-cleaved cell lymphoma (SNCCL) and 13 had diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL). Forty-seven were stage III, six were stage IV, and 15 had B-ALL; 13 had central nervous system (CNS) involvement. (3) Results: Four year event-free survival (EFS) was 53% (SE ± 12%). Stage III SNCCL patients with LDH < 500 IU/L achieved an improved EFS compared to other SNCCL patients (86% vs. 42% 4 year EFS, P = .072). The primary site of failure for advanced stage SNCCL patients was the CNS. All Ki-1-positive DLCL patients relapsed. Patterns of failure, time to relapse, and outcome following relapse differed between SNCCL and DLCL patients. (4) Conclusions: Advanced stage SNCCL requires better CNS-directed chemotherapy to reduce the CNS failure rate; however, the achievement of durable disease-free survival in four of 11 patients with CNS disease without use of cranial irradiation suggests merit for further evaluation of chemotherapy-only strategies. DLCL patients do not need intensive CNS-directed chemotherapy. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Correlates of physician visits among older adults in China: the effects of family support.

Objective: We examined how family support influenced the use of health services among older Chinese adults. Method: Data came from a national representative survey including 20,255 respondents aged 60 and older. The dependent variable was the number of physician visits in the past 12 months. Family support variables include living arrangement, family size, financial support, instrumental support, and filial piety. Results: Providing or receiving financial support increased the likelihood as well as number of physician visits. By contrast, living with children and regarding children as filial decreased physician visits. Discussion: Financial sufficiency as indicated by the exchange of financial resources within families indicates the importance of money in predicting older adults’ physician visits. Living with children may indicate a higher level of support, which substitutes some of physician services. Perceiving children as being filial may render psychological protective effects to older adults which re...
Toward an understanding of the structural basis of translation

The recently solved X-ray crystal structures of the ribosome have provided opportunities for studying the molecular basis of translation with a variety of methods including cryo-electron microscopy - where maps give the first glimpses of ribosomal evolution - and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques.
The Distribution of Hii Regions

The distribution of optically observed Hii regions and OB stars with galactic longitude indicates that it is primarily determined by extinction by interstellar dust. Thus optical observations can, at the best, reveal the local structure in the vicinity of the sun. Radio observations, on the other hand, are not affected by dust. Thus the distribution of galactic radio sources, which peaks in the northern part at about l II = 17°.5, must be related to the large-scale structure of our Galaxy. Two radio recombination line surveys of the northern and southern sky yield kinematic distances. If only the ‘giant Hii regions’ are retained, the following distribution is obtained: (1) Only 5 giant Hii regions are found within the 4 kpc arm. (2) The bulk of the giant Hii regions is concentrated in a ring between 4 and 6 kpc from the galactic center. (3) There are other concentrations of giant Hii regions indicating the existence of the Sagittarius and Perseus arm. (4) The three features revealed by optical observations of Hii regions in the vicinity of the sun cannot be matched with the large-scale distribution outlined by giant Hii regions. This is particularly true for the so-called Orion arm. (5) At distances beyond 13 kpc from the galactic center virtually no giant Hii regions are found. (6) The surface density of giant Hii regions attains its maximum between 4 and 8 kpc; the surface density of neutral hydrogen (Hi) attains its maximum between 11 and 15 kpc, but the actual space density of Hi in the region 4 to 8 kpc may still be rather high.
THE EFFECTS OF COHESIVE CONJUNCTIONS, REFERENCE, RESPONSE RHETORICAL PREDICATES, AND TOPIC ON READING RATE AND WRITTEN FREE RECALL

This study investigated the effects of four textual variables on two dependent measures. Subjects, 240 university freshmen, each read one of 24 passage versions. The 24 versions included all possible combinations of four variables: topic (Neanderthals, Pre-Neolithic Farming), cohesive conjunctions (low, moderate, high), reference (high, low), and response rhetorical predicates (present, absent). The two dependent measures employed were reading rate and written free recall. Results revealed statistically significant differences in recall due to topic and cohesive conjunctions. Theoretical implications of the results are discussed. Among those linguistic features given serious consideration as textforming devices are cohesive elements, elements which have been most thoroughly discussed by Halliday and Hasan (1976), who define cohesion as a semantic relationship between two elements in a text, a presupposing element and a presupposed element. These two elements, which may be words, phrases, or even clauses, must occur in the same text, of course, but they need not occur within the same sentence or even within adjacent sentences. According to Halliday and Hasan, textual cohesion may be achieved through five devices: reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction, and lexical cohesion. Three of those devices—reference, lexical cohesion, and conjunction—were under consideration in the present study. In reference, a word's interpretation depends on some other item (a word, phrase, clause, or sentence) to which it refers. While demonstratives and com
The ND2 subunit is labeled by a photoaffinity analogue of asimicin, a potent complex I inhibitor

NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) is the entry enzyme of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. To obtain the structural information on inhibitor/quinone binding sites, we synthesized [3H]benzophenone-asimicin ([3H]BPA), a photoaffinity analogue of asimicin, which belongs to the acetogenin family known as the most potent complex I inhibitor. We found that [3H]BPA was photo-crosslinked to ND2, ND1 and ND5 subunits, by the three dimensional separation (blue-native/doubled SDS–PAGE) of [3H]BPA-treated bovine heart submitochondrial particles. The cross-linking was blocked by rotenone. This is the first finding that ND2 was photo-crosslinked with a potent complex I inhibitor, suggesting its involvement in the inhibitor/quinone-binding.
Uptake of Nitrite by Neurospora crassa

Like the nitrate transport system, the nitrite uptake system in Neurospora crassa is induced by either nitrate or nitrite. This induction is prevented by cycloheximide, puromycin, or 6-methyl purine. The Km for nitrite of the induced nitrite uptake system is 86 μM, and the Vmax is 100 μmol of nitrite per g (wet weight) per h. Nitrite uptake is inhibited by metabolic poisons such as arsenate, dinitrophenol, cyanide, and antimycin A. No repression or inhibition of the nitrite transport system by ammonia, nitrate, or Casamino Acids was observed.
Supporting topographic queries in a class of networked sensor systems

Topographic querying is the process of extracting data from a sensor network for understanding the graphic delineation of features of interest in a terrain. Query processing techniques based on localized computation and aggregation cannot be used to resolve topographic queries efficiently as resolution of such queries involves global collaboration among the sensor nodes (e.g., region identification). We explore an alternate approach for resolving such queries, which is based on construction and maintenance of topographic maps. We focus on the class of sensor systems involving dense, uniform deployment of sensor nodes over a two dimensional terrain. Our analysis shows that by maintaining additional state (map) in the system, the query processing costs can be reduced significantly in comparison with the state-of-the-art. Our simulation results show that the map construction overheads are amortized over a small number of queries.
Imaging with concave large-aperture therapeutic ultrasound arrays using conventional synthetic-aperture beamforming

Several dual-mode ultrasound array (DMUA) systems are being investigated for potential use in image- guided surgery. In therapeutic mode, DMUAs generate pulsed or continuous-wave (CW) high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) beams capable of generating localized therapeutic effects within the focal volume. In imaging mode, pulse-echo data can be collected from the DMUA elements to obtain B-mode images or other forms of feedback on the state of the target tissue before, during, and after the application of the therapeutic HIFU beam. Therapeutic and technological constraints give rise to special characteristics of therapeutic arrays. Specifically, DMUAs have concave apertures with low f-number values and are typically coarsely sampled using directive elements. These characteristics necessitate pre- and post-beamforming signal processing of echo data to improve the spatial and contrast resolution and maximize the image uniformity within the imaging field of view (IxFOV). We have recently developed and experimentally validated beamforming algorithms for concave large-aperture DMUAs with directive elements. Experimental validation was performed using a 1 MHz, 64- element, concave spherical aperture with 100 mm radius of curvature. The aperture was sampled in the lateral direction using elongated elements 1 - lambda times 33.3macr - lambda with 1.333macr - lambda center-to-center spacing (lambda is the wavelength). This resulted in f-number values of 0.8 and 2 in the azimuth and elevation directions, respectively. In this paper, we present a new DMUA design approach based on different sampling of the shared concave aperture to improve image quality while maintaining therapeutic performance. A pulse-wave (PW) simulation model using a modified version of the Field II program is used in this study. The model is used in generating pulse-echo data for synthetic-aperture (SA) beamforming for forming images of a variety of targets, e.g., wire arrays and speckle-generating cyst phantoms. To provide validation for the simulation model and illustrate the improvements in image quality, we show SA images of similar targets using pulse-echo data acquired experimentally using our existing 64-element prototype. The PW simulation model is used to investigate the effect of transducer bandwidth as well as finer sampling of the concave DMUA aperture on the image quality. The results show that modest increases in the sampling density and transducer bandwidth result in significant improvement in spatial and contrast resolutions in addition to extending the DMUA IxFOV.
Validity of a new automated software program for visceral adipose tissue estimation

Given the considerable time and research cost of analyzing biomedical images to quantify adipose tissue volumes, automated image analysis methods are highly desirable. Hippo Fat™ is a new software program designed to automatically quantify adipose tissue areas from magnetic resonance images without user inputs. Hippo Fat™ has yet to be independently validated against commonly used image analysis software programs. Our aim was to compare estimates of VAT (visceral adipose tissue) and SAT (subcutaneous adipose tissue) using the new Hippo Fat™ software against those from a widely used, validated, computer-assisted manual method (slice-O-matic version 4.2, Tomovision, Montreal, CA, USA) to assess its potential utility for large-scale studies. A Siemens Magnetom Vision 1.5-T whole-body scanner and a T1-weighted fast-spin echo pulse sequence were used to collect multiple, contiguous axial images of the abdomen from a sample of 40 healthy adults (20 men) aged 18–77 years of age, with mean body mass index of 29 kg/m2 (range=19–43 kg/m2). Hippo Fat™ provided estimates of VAT and SAT that were highly correlated with estimates using slice-O-matic (R2>0.9). Average VAT was 9.4% lower and average SAT was 3.7% higher using Hippo Fat™ compared to slice-O-matic; the overestimation of SAT tended to be greater among individuals with greater adiposity. Individual-level differences for VAT were also substantial; Hippo Fat™ gave estimates of VAT ranging from 1184 cm3 less to 566 cm3 more than estimates for the same person using slice-O-matic. Hippo Fat™ provides a rapid method of quantifying total VAT, although the method does not provide estimates that are interchangeable with slice-O-matic at either the group (mean) or individual level.
Immune Tolerance Strategies in Siblings with Infantile Pompe Disease-Advantages for a Preemptive Approach to High-Sustained Antibody Titers.

Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has led to a significant improvement in the clinical course of patients with infantile Pompe disease (IPD), an autosomal recessive glycogen storage disorder characterized by the deficiency in lysosomal acid α-glucosidase. A subset of IPD patients mounts a substantial immune response to ERT developing high sustained anti-rhGAA IgG antibody titers (HSAT) leading to the ineffectiveness of this treatment. HSAT have been challenging to treat, although preemptive approaches have shown success in high-risk patients (those who are cross-reactive immunological material [CRIM]-negative). More recently, the addition of bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor known to target plasma cells, to immunotherapy with rituximab, methotrexate, and intravenous immunoglobulin has shown success at significantly reducing the anti-rhGAA antibody titers in three patients with HSAT. In this report, we present the successful use of a bortezomib-based approach in a CRIM-positive IPD patient with HSAT and the use of a preemptive approach to prevent immunologic response in an affected younger sibling. We highlight the significant difference in clinical course between the two patients, particularly that a pre-emptive approach was simple and effective in preventing the development of high antibody titers in the younger sibling, thus supporting the role of immune tolerance induction (ITI) in the ERT-naive high-risk setting.
Recombination and Chromosome Segregation during the Single Division Meiosis in SPO12–1 and SPO13–1 Diploids

ABSTRACT This paper reports a study of chromosome segregation and recombination during sporulation of spo12—1 and spo13–1 diploid strains of S. cerevisiae . These strains undergo a single division to form asci containing two diploid or near-diploid spores. The segregation of centromere-linked markers in the two-spored (dyad) products indicates that the division is generally equational. However, in a small percentage of the spo12–1 and spo13–1 cells, it appears that a meiosis I-like division occurs. Aberrant segregation of the MAT locus on chromosome III , yielding a monosomic and a trisomic spore pair, occurs in 12% of all dyads. The segregation patterns of markers at various distances from their centromeres and several pairs of markers on the same chromosome indicate that recombination takes place in both strains at nearly standard meiotic levels.
The Brian Spurett Oration 2015: The Critical Partnership In Reproductive Health

What has impressed me much about PSRH, especially after almost two decades of existence, is how the organisation is able to bring together doctors, midwives, nurses and others who work in reproductive health (including women’s and neonatal health) in the Pacific to meet, learn and exchange ideas and perspectives at least during these biennial conferences. For this oration I wanted to explore the partnership between midwives and doctors in the Pacific, ask a few questions and to determine if the relationship is one of equals or of non-equals. I felt the end of the second decade of PSRH’s existence should allow us the space to examine these issues dispassionately and with maturity as we look forward to another decade of development.
Using Longitudinal Methodology in Career Guidance Research

Vocational psychology and career guidance have been criticised for their underuse of longitudinal methodology. In response to this criticism, this chapter discusses the use of longitudinal methodology in career guidance research, using a conceptual framework from the field of developmental psychology to address practical and theoretical issues. Further methodological issues in designing longitudinal studies are also discussed, including approaches to gathering longitudinal data. Examples are used to illustrate the application of the framework to career guidance research.
Cumulative mean bounds for quality control analysis

We develop an alternative to confidence intervals, called cumulative mean bounds, for estimating the mean behavior of system performance. Cumulative mean bounds assess the probability that the cumulative sample mean stays within a given distance from the unknown true mean and rely on properties of standardized time series. We extend the properties of cumulative mean bounds to estimate the probability that the cumulative sample mean will reach a particular value. This idea can be used to analyze quality control methods for predicting mean simulation output behavior given an initial sample of output.
Silage and Crops for Silage

Publisher Summary The production and use of silages are especially adaptable in the beef cattle feeding operation. Ensiled crops can be kept for long periods of time without significant loss in nutritive value. The principle of silage making is to exclude oxygen as quickly as possible so that anaerobic fermentation takes place. The more rapidly fermentation proceeds, the greater the amount of nutrients retained in the silage. The ensiling process takes 2 to 3 weeks, during which time the ensiled material goes through six phases. The key to making quality silage is to proceed from phase I to later phases in the ensiling process as quickly as possible. By doing so, it preserves the feeding value of the harvested forage. Maturity at harvest affects the quality of the ensiled corn plant because it affects the moisture content and the amount of grain that has formed. Additives for silage are explained in detail. Other feeds include ground limestone, grain and other concentrate feeds and molasses. Some of the preservatives are sodium metabisulfite, sulfur dioxide gas and formic acid and formaldehyde. Silages are stored either vertical or horizontal. Corn silage alone is not a balanced diet. Therefore, consideration must be given to adding essential nutrients like protein, vitamin A, and minerals. Other silage crops include sorghum, small grains, corn stover, opaque corn, brown midrib corn, blighted and stress-damaged crops and some miscellaneous feeds.
Optimum Processing for Soybean Meal Used in Broiler Diets

Abstract Studies in this report examined the possibility of utilizing soybean meal processed to a higher urease value for broiler chickens. Such meals might be produced with lower energy costs and possible savings to the feed manufacturer. Untoasted, solvent-extracted dehulled soybean flakes were subjected to differing cooking times in an autoclave and in a steam-jacketed mixer with steam sparging to produce flakes with a range of urease values. Results of these studies indicate that soybean flakes with urease in excess of .2 pH rise were acceptable for use in diets for broiler chickens. A pH rise of up to .5 units, similar to that used by the European Economic Community, would appear justified for soybean meals processed for broiler chickens.
Vortex control over a diamond shape forebody

An experimental study of controlling the flow over highly slender body with a diamond shape cross section at high angles of attack was conducted. Small flow deflectors on the leeward side were found to be highly effective in controlling the vortices. Controlled forces and moments were produced with small deflectors. The fluid mechanism of the control method was revealed by flow visualization and forces and moment measurements.
Normal subject breast imaging with a portable near infrared tomographic imaging system

A portable hybrid frequency domain (FD) - continuous wave (CW) Near-Infrared spectroscopy system has been developed for breast imaging. Physiologically reasonable values of chromophore concentrations were recovered for normal subject measurements.
Abstract A71: Modification of obesity associations with prostate cancer grade by area-level factors

Purpose: Area-level characteristics have been associated with differences in rates of disease among populations. Specific factors, such as neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES), may influence overall exposure to risk factors and modify disease outcomes. The role of obesity in prostate cancer (PCa) progression has been confirmed with most studies showing a relationship to advanced disease and increased risk for biochemical failure and mortality. Although obesity and prostate cancer rates vary geographically, it is unclear if the relationship between obesity and PCa outcomes is modified by neighborhood factors. We evaluated the association of obesity with prostate cancer grade by area-level factors in a patient cohort recruited between 1995 and 2011. Materials and Methods: A total of 949 patients were studied to evaluate whether the association of obesity with prostate tumor grade at diagnosis varied by residential neighborhood and county characteristics. Residential characteristics were obtained using PolicyMap data sources including the US Census, CDC data, and a regional survey collected biannually (CHDB). There were 680 non-obese and 269 obese patients. High tumor grade was defined as a Gleason Score ≥7. We analyzed the relationship between obesity and PCa grade using logistic regression models, adjusted for age and race. Similar models stratified by residential characteristics were assessed. Results: Obese patients were more likely to have a high PCa grade compared to the non-obese patients (OR=1.47, 95% CI= 1.10-1.96). Associations between obesity and PCa grade were also observed for individuals residing in areas with higher rates of poverty (OR=1.57, 95% CI= 1.02-2.42), lower income (OR=1.56, 95% CI= 1.01-2.41), and lower education (OR=1.68, 95% CI= 1.12-2.52). The odds ratio was increased in areas with high rates of burglary (OR=1.55, 95% CI= 1.04-2.30) and murder (OR=1.51, 95% CI= 1.01-2.25) and low rates of robbery (OR=1.63, 95% CI= 1.03-2.58). In addition, obese men in areas with low rates of prostate cancer incidence (OR=1.84, 95% CI= 1.20-2.82) and low rates of obesity (OR=1.64, 95% CI= 1.02-2.63) also were likely to have a high grade PCa. Conclusions: Associations between obesity and prostate cancer vary significantly by area-level SES, crime, and health indicators. These results suggest specific neighborhood characteristics that may help identify high risk groups and pathways for interventions. Citation Format: Renyta Scales, Elaine Spangler, Knashawn Morales, Karen Glanz, Timothy Rebbeck, Charnita Zeigler-Johnson. Modification of obesity associations with prostate cancer grade by area-level factors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A71.
Changes in the treatment of early breast cancer at the Mayo Clinic: 1988-1992.

But : Savoir si les modalites therapeutiques des cancers precoces du sein (stades 0-2) ont evolue a la Mayo Clinic entre Janvier 1988 et Decembre 1992. Type d'etude : Retrospective. Provenance : Hopital prive, Etats-Unis. Patients : Deux mille sept cent quarante quatre patientes ayant ete operees d'un cancer primitif du sein stade 0 a 2. Principaux criteres de jugement : Les variations du nombre de patientes ayant eu une chirurgie mammaire conservatrice durant les 5 ans de la periode d'etude. Resultats : Le nombre global de patientes ayant eu une chirurgie mammaire conservatrice a varie de 73/498 (15%) en 1988 a 187/547 (34%) en 1992. Lorsque le nombre des patientes chez lesquelles une conservation mammaire n'etait pas envisageable etait soustrait du nombre de celles ayant eu une mammectomie (n'individualisant que celles qui avaient choisi la mammectomie) la proportion etait environ deux fois moindre en 1991 et plus de deux fois moindre en 1992. Conclusions : La plupart des patientes qui ont ete traitees pour un cancer primitif precoce du sein durant la periode de cinq ans entre 1988-1992 ont eu une mammectomie. Il y a plusieurs raisons a cela, mais de nombreuses patientes ne remplissaient pas les criteres que nous retenons pour une conservation du sein.
Religious actors and constitution drafting: the Philippines and the Arab awakening in comparative perspective

AbstractWhat strategies do religious elites pursue during potential regime transitions, and what explains this variation? A range of scholarship argues that religious groups, particularly Islamist movements, are prone to maximalist demands during potential transitions, particularly in moments of institutional indeterminacy like constitution drafting. In contrast, I distinguish two strategies open to religious elites in such periods: religious integralism and pious secularism. While religious integralists do attempt to merge state and religious institutions, pious secularists consent to some differentiation of these spheres while protecting a role for religion in post-transition public life. I argue that the choices of religious elites in these periods are heavily influenced by the status of relations with minority religions and secular portions of civil society, which are themselves structured by the prior authoritarian approach to the regulation of religion. I illustrate the framework with case studies d...
Cerebrovascular Events With Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Can We Identify Those Who Are at Risk?∗

As interventional technologies evolve, careful assessment of the benefits and risks is urged [(1,2)][1]. Stroke remains one of the most feared complications of percutaneous interventions [(3)][2], but has generally been a rare complication for percutaneous coronary intervention (<1%) [(4)][3], and
“Be Therefore Persuaded Ladies”: Boston’s Gleaning Circle (1805–13)

While much research has considered women’s rhetorical practices in the later part of the nineteenth century, less is known about the practices of women at the beginning of the century. Indeed, the faulty binary of public and private, and the resultant ideological separation of these spaces, has led scholars to devalue such women’s rhetorical practices. Yet in 1805 an elite group of young women formed the Boston Gleaning Circle in order to continue their education, and the content of the Circle’s archive indicates that deliberative rhetoric was an essential aspect of women’s relationships during this time period.
Definitions of intradialytic hypotension.

Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a common and often distressful complication of hemodialysis. However, despite its clinical significance, there is no consensus, evidence-based medical definition for the condition. Over the years, numerous definitions have been implemented in both the clinical and research settings. Definition inconsistencies have hindered data synthesis and the development of evidence-based guidelines for the prevention and treatment of IDH, as well as prevented accurate estimation of the population burden of IDH and patient risk assessment. Most existing IDH definitions are comprised of one or more of the following components: (1) intradialytic BP criteria (requisite BP declines or minimum BP thresholds), (2) the provision of interventions aimed at restoring effective arterial volume, and/or (3) patient-reported symptoms. Remarkably, there are insufficient data to inform IDH definition construction, and it remains unknown if a single, universal definition can adequately capture the condition across patient subgroups, and in clinical and research settings.
Comparison of Ethanol Consumption by Methods of Schedule-Induced Polydipsia and Water Deprivation

The amount of alcohol ingested, which varied in concentration, was examined in rats subjected to separate conditions of schedule-induced polydipsia and water deprivation. While less liquid was ingested as a function of ethanol concentration, there were no differences between total amounts ingested over a 1-hr. period and the procedures of schedule-induced polydipsia and water deprivation.
Pyrimido[4,5-b]indole derivatives and use thereof in the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells US2015011543 (a1): a patent evaluation

There is an unmet need of strategies for ex-vivo expansion of hematopoetic stem cells (HSCs) without loss of their primitive nature or stemness. We evaluate here a patent that attempts to address this need via key small molecules 1 and 40 that possess a pyrimido[4,5-b]indole core. Areas covered: (i) Discussion on literature reports of diverse strategies for ex-vivo expansion of stem cells. (ii) Synthetic scheme to 1, and general synthetic schemes for compounds 1-55 reported in the patent application. (iii) Analysis of the in vitro biological data for 1 and 40. Highlight here is: 1 and 40 when used in combination with StemReginin1 (SR1), an established aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist known for ex-vivo HSC expansion, demonstrate better HSC expansion relative to SR1 alone. (iv) Analysis of the in vivo biological data for 1 and 40. Expert opinion: Compelling evidence on the molecular mechanism of action of 1 and 40 is not provided making it difficult to optimize this series. It is suggested here that combining these molecules with homing molecules will possibly improve overall engraftment time and hematopoietic recovery. The numerous literature reports and biological data indicates that these pyrimido[4,5-b]indole derivatives are promising candidates for the development of potential therapies for hematopoietic ailments.
Comprehensive Dual Liquid Chromatography with Quadruple Mass Spectrometry (LC1MS2 × LC1MS2 = LC2MS4) for Analysis of Parinari Curatellifolia and Other Seed Oil Triacylglycerols.

Online two-dimensional (2D) comprehensive liquid chromatography (LC × LC) has become increasingly popular. Most LC × LC separations employ one or more detectors at the outlet of the second dimension, 2D, with very short runs to avoid undersampling. We used six detectors, including dual parallel mass spectrometry (LC1MS2), for detection of the first dimension, 1D. We made an argentation (silver-ion) UHPLC column from a strong cation exchange column for 2D, coupled with UV and LC1MS2 detection. LC1MS2 in 1D combined with LC1MS2 in 2D, plus five other detectors, constituted LC2MS4 in a comprehensive LC1MS2 × LC1MS2 2D-LC separation. Electrospray ionization (ESI) high resolution accurate mass (HRAM) mass spectrometry (MS) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) MS were used in parallel for 1D detection, while atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) MS and ESI-MS were used for detection of 2D. The LC1MS2 used for 1D allowed quantification of triacylglycerol (TAG) molecular species of Parinari c...
The Therapeutic Interaction Research Perspectives

Psychotherapy as a profession is nearly a century old. During that time thousands of clinical books and papers have been published. Hundreds of different theories of therapy have been developed. Yet the clinician trying to choose a therapeutic approach has no clear criterion for choosing among the varied alternatives. As matters stand now, such choices are usually made on the basis of where one receives one’s training and who one’s supervisors were. General trends in therapeutic styles, partly influenced by cultural and economic factors, also influence therapist’s choices. Since the 1950s, behavioral and related treatments have challenged the former (brief) predominance of psychoanalytic treatments. In the 1960s the “humanistic-experiential” therapies were popular, at least partly because they were consistent with certain emphases of the popular culture of that time. At present, a biological bias appears to be exerting an increasing influence, as can be seen by the replacement of psychoanalysts by psychopharmacologists in medical school departments of psychiatry.
New results for temperature rise in gain medium of operating DPAL causing its degradation

Diode Pumped Alkali Laser (DPAL) is one of the main candidates for development of a high power directed energy system producing laser beam from a single aperture with high spatial quality. Currently, several groups in the US and abroad demonstrated DPAL systems with kW level output power and efficiency higher than 50%. At the same time, the DPAL power scaling experiments revealed some limiting effects, which require detailed study to understand the nature of these effects and ways to mitigate them. Examples of such effects are output power degradation in time, alkali cell windows and gain medium contamination and damage that causes lasing efficiency decrease or even lasing termination. These problems can be connected to thermal effects, ionization, chemical interactions between the gain medium components and alkali cells materials. Study of all these and, possibly, other limiting effects and ways to mitigate them is very important for high power DPAL development. In this paper we present our new results of experiments on measurements of the temperature rise in the gain medium of operating DPAL leading to the output power degradation even before visible damage in the gain cell occurs. This degradation can be both recoverable and non-recoverable, depending on operation conditions and the system design.
Adoption of evidence-based novel therapies in the treatment of gastric cancer: A national observational study.

BACKGROUND The adoption of novel and effective gastric cancer therapies into general clinical practice has crucial implications for patient outcomes. The current study explored trends in treatment use and overall survival in patients with gastric cancer in the United States. METHODS Patients with adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia and noncardia were identified in the National Cancer Data Base between 2006 and 2014. Tumor stages were divided into early (IA), locally advanced (IB-IIIC), and metastatic (IV) stage. Treatment use was examined according to tumor stage and location. Time trend analyses of treatment use and overall survival were conducted. RESULTS A total of 89,098 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were identified. In those with early-stage cancer, endoscopic treatment increased over time in patients with cardia and noncardia disease. In patients with locally advanced cardia disease, preoperative therapy use increased over time (2013-2014 [vs 2006-2008]: odds ratio [OR], 3.09; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.80-3.41). In patients with locally advanced noncardia disease, the use of preoperative therapy also increased (2013-2014: OR, 3.32; 95% CI, 2.88-3.82) as did the use of perioperative therapy (2013-2014: OR, 4.21; 95% CI, 3.52-5.03) in lieu of postoperative treatment (2013-2014: OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.60-0.71). In patients with metastatic disease, approximately 34% of patients with cardia and 40% of patients with noncardia cancer did not receive treatment. Stage-specific and location-specific overall survival was found to improve over the study period. CONCLUSIONS Practice patterns for the treatment of gastric cancer in the United States reflect the increased adoption of evidence-based therapies, including endoscopic resection of early-stage cancer and preoperative therapy for patients with locally advanced disease. Treatment for metastatic disease remains markedly underused. Cancer 2018;124:1122-31. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Patterns and Trends in HPV-Related Oral Cancer and Other HPV-Associated Cancers

Relative to the rather established association of anogenital cancer burden to HPV in the United States, the role of HPV in head and neck and specifically oral/oropharyngeal cancers remains controversial. There have been extrapolations made that increasing prevalence of HPV is the cause of increasing incidence rates in some cancers of the head and neck region. As the association of HPV has been more distinctly defined with other cancers, including the development and initiation of vaccines against HPV, monitoring oral/oropharyngeal cancers should follow that of the other cancers. Herein, we aim to learn from the US status with other HPV associated cancers, to help inform us about the relative status of HPV-oral cancer, in the window of the introduction of the HPV vaccine.
Case report 204. Multicentric angiosarcoma of bone involving the right lower extremity.

The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of a multicentric angiosarcoma of bone involving the right lower extremity are discussed. Roentgenograms, radionuclide studies and histological studies are presented.