cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrologic investigations in the Mammoth Corridor, Yellowstone National Park and Vicinity, U.S.A.

Abstract The Mammoth Corridor in and adjacent to Yellowstone National Park encompasses a N-S alignment of geothermal features that extends from the Norris Geyser Basin adjacent to the Yellowstone caldera through Mammoth Hot Springs to the Corwin Springs Known Geothermal Resources Area (KGRA). Thermal springs in this region discharge water that ranges from NaKCl, silica-depositing type to CaNaHC0 3 SO 4 , travertine-depositing type. Although only a few relatively shallow wells have been drilled in the corridor, the region is of special interest because of the environmental issues associated with potential geothermal development adjacent to Yellowstone National Park. The U.S. Geological Survey conducted an intensive hydrogeologic study of this region during 1988–1990 and continued to collect hydrologic and geophysical data until 1994. The results of these investigations document the rates of discharge of thermal water and heat within the corridor, evidence for a magmatic heat source beneath the Mammoth Hot Springs area, and evidence for separate geothermal systems associated with Mammoth Hot Springs and with thermal waters discharging in the KGRA in the vicinity of La Duke Hot Springs. These investigations also indicate that limited development of the 70°C geothermal resource in the La Duke area would not affect thermal springs in Yellowstone National Park.
Eigenvalue Comparisons for Second Order Difference Equations with Neumann Boundary Conditions

Abstract The boundary value problem for second order difference equation Δ ( r i - 1 Δ y i - 1 ) - b i y i + λ a i y i = 0 , 1 ⩽ i ⩽ n y 0 - τ y 1 = y n + 1 - δ y n = 0 with δ , τ ∈ [ 0 , 1 ] and τ + δ ≠ 2 was recently discussed in Ji and Yang (2007) [J. Ji, B. Yang, Eigenvalue comparisons for a class of boundary value problems of second order difference equations, Linear Algebra Appl. 420 (1) (2007) 218–227]. In this paper we extend our earlier results to the second order difference equations with Neumann boundary conditions (the case of τ = δ = 1 ). As in Ji and Yang (2007) mentioned above, we will also focus on the structure of its eigenvalues and comparisons of all eigenvalues as the coefficients { a i } , { b i } , and { r i } change.
Theory of mesoscopic transport in disordered wires

We present a nonperturbative microscopic approach to mesoscopic transport in disordered phase-coherent systems, based on the exact scaling (``evolution'') equations for the transfer and scattering matrices and Landauer's formula. In this work, we apply the method to the quasi-one-dimensional limit and provide a systematic treatment of all the transport regimes present. In the ballistic regime, we consider the transition between the Sharvin and Drude conductances and recover many exact results of the classic transport theory. In the weak localization (diffusive) regime, the bulk of the probability distribution of the conductance of a wire is shown to be normal Gaussian, in agreement with the predictions based on the nonlinear \ensuremath{\sigma} model. The formalism developed provides a convenient way of calculating the quantum-interference effects not only in the conductance but in arbitrary linear statistics on the transmission eigenvalues as well. In the classic diffusive limit, the eigenvalue density is independent on the geometry of the conductor. In the strong localization regime, the distribution of the conductance is found to coincide with Abrikosov's solution (approximately log normal), describing a purely one-dimensional chain. The calculated value of the localization length is proportional to the cross section of the wire, in precise agreement with Efetov's result obtained with the use of supersymmetric techniques. We recover the theory of the coherent backscattering peak and calculate the enhancement factor. The angular structure of the transmission and reflection coefficients is calculated exactly and found to be nonisotropic, which is contrary to the standard isotropy assumption of the existing macroscopic models. The approach is shown to provide microscopical proof of the Dorokhov-Mello-Pereyra-Kumar equation for the distribution of transmission eigenvalues within the realistic model of a wire with the isotropic dispersion law.
Elevated levels of sphingolipids in type II (a plus b) hyperlipoproteinemia.

Abstract The levels of sphingomyelin, neutral glycosphingolipids and gangliosides were studied in normal and type II hyperproteinemic plasmas. Sphingomyelin levels were elevated and there was an excellent correlation between cholesterol and sphingomyelin (r=0.86). The correlation between cholesterol and the remainder of the phospholipids (i.e., total phospholipid minus sphingomyelin) was significantly less than that between cholesterol and sphingomyelin. The other sphingolipids were also elevated. The four neutral glycosphingolipids were from 37 to 100 percent higher than normal (p
Queen replacement in orphaned colonies of the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta

1. When field colonies of Solenopsis invicta Buren were orphaned by removing the functioning queen, re-collection 8–10 weeks later showed that 61% had replacement queens that were physogastric and attractive to workers. The weight of the original colony queens increases with the colony mound volume. The weight of replacement queens is inversely related to the number of such queens in the colony (1 to 99, but over half had only 1). 2. Laboratory rearing and later spermathecal dissections of these replacement queens established that 21% of the colonies had an inseminated queen and produced worker pupae. Of the remaining uninseminated replacement queens, about 20% nevertheless produced 1–25 worker pupae, probably by thelytokous parthenogenesis. Checking the brood present in orphaned field colonies showed that about 35% produced worker pupae, indicating an inseminated replacement queen was present. The remainder of the orphaned colonies produced all-male sexual broods only, a conditions not found in unorphaned colonies. 3. Combining the lab and field evidence, 27% of the orphaned colonies produced fertile replacements, and these were concentrated among the smaller, younger colonies. The hypothesis is developed that the inseminated replacements are surviving foundresses from pleometrotic colony founding, and that S. invicta is often polygynous but functionally monogynous.
Classification of primary gastric lymphomas according to histologic features.

Histologic features of low-grade gastric lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) have been extensively described, and transformation to a large cell (high-grade) lymphoma can occur. We characterize high-grade gastric lymphoma histologically in an attempt to distinguish between MALT-type and non-MALT-type lesions. We studied a series of 60 gastric lymphomas and characterized them clinically, histopathologically, and immunophenotypi-cally. Low-grade gastric lymphomas were classified according to established criteria. High-grade lymphomas were classified in three groups based on the presence or absence of a low-grade component and lymphoepithelial lesions (LELs): 1) high-grade MALT lymphomas appearing in low-grade MALT lymphomas (LG/HG MALT lymphoma); 2) large cell lymphoma with LELs composed of large cells (high-grade LELs) but without a low-grade component (HG MALT lymphoma); and 3) diffuse large cell lymphoma without a low-grade MALT lymphoma component or LELs (DLCL). Twenty-two lymphomas were classified as low-grade MALT lymphomas, 16 as LG/HG MALT lymphomas, 10 as HG MALT lymphomas, and 12 as DLCL. B-cell immunopheno-type was confirmed in all 55 cases in which immunophenotyp-ing was performed. Low-grade LELs were seen in all low-grade MALT lymphomas, and CD20(L26) expression confirmed B-cell phenotype in the LELs in 20 of 20 cases. Clinical follow-up was available for 56 patients (range, 1-264 months; mean, 57 months). Actuarial analysis of disease-specific survival and relapse-free survival showed that clinical stage was highly statistically significant (P < 0.0001), whereas histologic type and grade approached statistical significance. Multivariate analysis showed that clinical stage was the only significant factor in relapse-free and disease-specific survival.
Pioglitazone: side effect and safety profile

Importance of the field: Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are useful glucose-lowering agents for patients with Type 2 diabetes. Through PPAR-γ-mediated effects, these drugs not only improve insulin sensitivity and glycemia, they also have beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and the vascular endothelium, with potential to improve cardiovascular risk. However, this promise has not been entirely fulfilled. The first TZD, troglitazone, was withdrawn after reports of severe liver damage. The second TZD, rosiglitazone, has been reported in meta-analyses to be associated with possible increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. The third TZD approved for clinical use in the US, pioglitazone, appears to be associated with decreased CVD events in most studies/meta-analyses.Areas covered in this review: We undertook a literature search in Pubmed from the year 2000 onwards to review the side effect/safety profile of pioglitazone.What the reader will gain: A comprehensive summary of the currently available dat...
On the central muscle attachment scar pattern of Suchonella Spizharsky 1939

ABSRACT: The fortuitous spalling of a carapace of the nonmarine Permian Suchonella typica Spizharsky 1939 disclosed the adductor muscle attachment scar as well as two accessory scars on both the right side of the steinkem and the inside of the spalled right valve. This central muscle field is illustrated and discussed. An objective list of species described in or referred to Suchonella Spizharsky 1939 is appended.
Stabilization of the Relaxed State of the Voltage Sensing Domain of Shaker

Segments S4 and S5 in Voltage Gated Channels potassium channels are contiguous and specific residues of these segments get in atomic proximity in a state-dependent way (Laineet al., 2003; Lewis et al., 2008). In Shaker, the double mutation R362H+A419H stabilizes the conducting state of the channels when a metal bridge is formed in the presence of Zn2+ (Laineet al., 2003). These results were obtained from ionic conduction experiments but gave no direct information on the dynamics of the Voltage Sensing Domain (VSD) of Shaker. As a proxy for the movement of the VSD, we studied the proton currents through the VSD that results by the double mutation R362H+A419H, on the ultra-fast-inactivating Shaker W434F. When the holding potential (HP) was 0 mV, the current-voltage relation of the proton current (Ip-V) was shifted towards negative potentials as compared to the Ip-V when HP was −90 mV, as expected from the relaxation that the VSD undergoes at maintained depolarization. When HP was 0 mV, the proton current was decreased and the Ip-V was further shifted by increasing the concentration of Ni2+ or Zn2+ (10 μM-100 μM). In contrast, no changes were observed in the Ip-V voltage dependence with Ni2+ or Zn2+ when holding at −90 mV. In the presence of Ni2+ or Zn2+ the proton current showed a second slower kinetic component, whose relative amplitude was increased with an increase in Ni2+or Zn2. Fluorescence recordings with a probe in M356C showed that Zn2+ decreased the rate of TMRM dequenching when pulsing to negative potentials from an HP of 0 mV, consistent with the proton current results. These observations indicate that the metal bridge between R362H and A419H stabilizes the relaxed state of the VSD (Support NIHGM030376).
The Role of Relational and Instructional Classroom Supports in the Language Development of At-Risk Preschoolers

The present study examined the extent to which preschool classroom supports—relational support (RS) and instructional support (IS)—are associated with children's language development and whether these associations vary as a function of children's language ability. The language skills of 360 children within 95 classrooms were assessed using an expressive narrative task in the fall and spring of the preschool year, teachers rated RS in the fall, and observations of IS were collected across the year. Research Findings: Hierarchical linear models revealed main effects of IS, but not RS, on preschoolers’ development of expressive language skills. In addition, the associations between RS and IS on children's expressive language development were moderated by children's fall language ability. Specifically, the association between IS and language development was stronger for children with stronger expressive language skills, and the association between RS and language development was stronger for children with wea...
Demonstration of motoneuron-12 sparing in cultured Manduca sexta ventral nerve cords

The emergence of the adult Manduca sexta moth is accompained by the death of half of the neurons present in the pupal abdominal nervous system (Truman, 1983). This developmental neuronal death is highly selective, so that the same neurons die at the same time relative to emergence in every moth. In the case of the MN-12 motoneurons, this cell death is regulated both by hemolymph concentrations of a steroid hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone, and by actions exerted by adjacent ganglia (Truman and Schwartz, 1984; Fahrbach and Truman, 1987). This latter effect, which has been previously described in isolated abdomens and in moths with transected ventral nerve cords, has now been reproduced under controlled culture conditions in which the selectivity and extent of postemergence neuronal death is comparable to that seen in vivo. With respect to the MN-12 neurons found in the most anterior unfused abdominal ganglion, A3, the pterothoracic ganglion appears to be the source of a factor that permits these neurons to die according to their usual developmental schedule. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Effect of Pasteurization, Selected Additives and Freezing Rate on the Gelation of Frozen-Defrosted Egg Yolk

Abstract EGG yolk becomes an extremely viscous, rubbery mass when frozen to — 6°C. or below and defrosted. The irreversible increase in apparent viscosity of yolk is referred to as gelation. The mechanism responsible for gelation has not been determined. However, lipovitellin, the most abundant lipoprotein in yolk, is implicated in most theories. The tenuous forces binding lipid and protein moieties of lipoproteins like lipovitellin may be disrupted in the frozen state (Lovelock, 1957). Rearrangement and aggregation of yolk lipoproteins may result from the breakdown on freezing of water shells surrounding the protein molecules (Powrie et al., 1963). Gelation was reduced by sodium chloride (Marion and Stadelman, 1958; Powrie et al., 1963; Meyer and Woodburn, 1965) and by sugars as sucrose, fructose, arabinose, and galactose (Pearce and Lavers, 1949; Lopez et al., 1954; Marion and Stadelman, 1958; Meyer and Woodburn, 1965). Egg yolk had nearly normal fluidity when incubated with crotoxin (a . . .
HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein 120 Increases Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression by Human Endothelial Cells

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is often associated with central nervous system damage and vascular complications. However, the mechanisms of this association are largely unknown. We examined the effect of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp120) on cell adhesion molecule expression by endothelial cells. We found, for the first time, that both soluble and membrane-bound gp120 could significantly increase the expression of human endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) at both mRNA and protein levels, but not vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin. The specificity of gp120-mediated response was demonstrated by blocking experiments using a specific monoclonal antibody against gp120, which successfully abolished the gp120-mediated increase of ICAM-1 expression. Furthermore, there was a significant increase of human monocytic cell line THP-1 adherence onto the gp120-treated endothelial monolayers. This increased cell adhesion was effectively blocked by either anti-gp120 or anti-ICAM antibodies. These findings suggest that HIV-1 gp120-mediated endothelial ICAM-1 expression could be one of the important mechanisms of HIV-1 pathogenesis.
Ro 15-4513 binding to GABAA receptors: subunit composition determines ligand efficacy.

Abstract The bidirectional modulation of ligand binding to benzodiazepine re receptors (BzR) by GABA (the “GABA shift”) has been widely used to predict ligand efficacy. The present study examined the effects of GABA and muscimol on [3H]Ro 15-4513 binding to “diazepam-insensitive” (DI) and “diazepam-sensitive” (DS) BzR. Neither GABA nor muscimol significantly altered [3H]Ro 15-4513 binding to DI in cerebellum, while both compounds inhibit [3H]Ro 15-4513 binding to cerebellar DS in a concentration-dependent fashion. The maximum reductions in [3H]Ro 15-4513 binding to cerebral cortical and hippocampal membranes elicited by GABA were comparable to those obtained in cerebellar DS, but significantly less than obtained with the full inverse agonist [3H]3-carbomethoxy-s-carboline. The qualitatively different effect of GABAmimetics on [3H]Ro 15-4513 binding to DS and DI is not species specific since identical effects were obtained in rat and mouse brain. Based on previously established criteria, Ro 15-4513 can be classified as a “GABA-neutral” (antagonist) ligand at DI and “GABA negative” (inverse agonist) at other BzR. These findings suggest that GABAA receptor subunit composition determines not only ligand affinity but also ligand efficacy.
Confidence Intervals for the Proportion of Mastery in Criterion‐Referenced Measurement

A relatively simple method is developed to obtain confidence intervals for a student's proportion of domain mastery in criterion-referenced or mastery measurement situations. The method uses the binomial distribution as a model for the student's scores under hypothetically repeated assessments. Though the use of this model is not a new idea, the method of implementation has not been proposed previously. The technique makes use of widely available F tables and hence does not require elaborate computer equipment or proprietary computer programs.
Topical Effects of Fluoride in the Reversal and Prevention of Dental Decay

This paper briefly reviews the clinical evidence for, and the science behind, the topical effects of fluoride in the inhibition and reversal of dental caries. Fluoride from topical sources such as drinking water, mouthrinses, dentifrice, and office- applied gels and foams inhibits demineralization and enhances remineralization. Inhibition of demineralization occurs when fluoride diffuses into the tooth and adsorbs to the crystal surfaces, protecting them from further acid attack. During times when the plaque pH is raised by salivary buffering, remineralization takes place through calcium and phosphate diffusing to the crystal surfaces in the subsurface lesion and building a new veneer on the remaining crystal remnants in the lesion. Fluoride speeds up this process, is incorporated together with calcium and phosphate, and leaves the crystal much more acid resistant. Remineralization is the body's natural caries repair process.
Active chloride transport in rabbit thick ascending limb of Henle's loop and elasmobranch rectal gland: chloride fluxes in isolated plasma membranes

To investigate directly whether a sodium-potassium-chloride cotransport system is operating in the mammalian thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (TALH) and in the elasmobranch rectal gland, plasma membrane vesicles were prepared from TALH cells isolated from rabbit kidney outer medulla and from rectal glands ofSqualus acanthias, and chloride uptake was measured by a rapid filtration technique. Chloride uptake into TALH vesicles in the presence of a 25 mM Na2SO4, 25 mM K2SO4 gradient reached 70% of equilibrium at 2.5 min. In the presence of both sodium and potassium, the 15 s chloride uptake was inhibited 35% by 1 mM bumetanide. When either sodium or potassium was removed from the incubation medium, chloride uptake decreased to the level observed in the presence of 1 mM bumetanide. 0.5 mM SITS had no effect on chloride uptake by the plasma membrane vesicles. This sodium and potassium dependent, bumetanide sensitive chloride uptake was also observed under tracer exchange conditions. Chloride uptake into rectal gland plasma membrane vesicles in the presence of a 50 mM Na2SO4, 50 mM K2SO4 gradient reached 80% of equilibrium at 2.5 min. 1 mM bumetanide inhibited the 15 s uptake of chloride by 34% and removal of either sodium or potassium from the incubation medium reduced chloride uptake to the level observed in the presence of bumetanide under both gradient and tracer exchange conditions. These studies provide additional support for the hypothesis that a sodium-potassium-chloride cotransport system is operating in these epithelia.
Recurrent Anion Gap Acidosis: An Unusual Presentation of X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy in a Five-year-old Male

We are presenting a five-year-old male with recurrent anion gap acidosis. During his last admission, it was detected that he had elevated VLCFA and the evaluation discovered that he had X-linked Adrenooleukodystrophy. He had the Addisonian only phenotype without any clinical or radiographic CNS findings. We were unable to find any other reports of this presentation of ALD. If the work-up of recurrent anion gap acidosis does not uncover an etiology, X-linked ALD should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Approximately competitive equilibria in large finite economies

Abstract We consider exchange economies where each consumer may report or act according to any demand function provided that there exist situations that the consumer finds plausible in which the reported demand performs at least as well as the true demand. We identify conditions under which, as the size of the economy increases, all the market-clearing prices and allocations of the reported economy approximate the competitive equilibria of the true economy. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D51, D82.
High performance I/O architectures and systems

I/O- and data-intensive workloads, as represented by the Grand Challenge problems, multimedia applications, cosmology simulations, climate modeling, and large collaborative visualizations, to name a few, entail innovative approaches to alleviate the I/O (both bandwidth and data access) performance bottlenecks. The advent of low-cost hardware platforms, such as the Beowulf clusters, has opened up numerous possibilities in mass data storage, scalable architectures, and large-scale simulations. The objective of this Special Issue is to discuss problems and solutions, to identify new issues, and to help shape future research and development directions in these areas. From these perspectives, the Special Issue addresses the problems encountered at the hardware, middleware, and application levels, providing conceptual as well as empirical treatments.
Security in wireless sensor networks

With sensor networks on the verge of deployment, security issues pertaining to the sensor networks are in the limelight. Though the security in sensor networks share many characteristics with wireless ad hoc networks, the two fields are rapidly diverging due to the fundamental differences between the make-up and goals of the two types of networks. Perhaps the greatest dividing difference is the energy and computational abilities. Sensor nodes are typically smaller, less powerful, and more prone to failure than nodes in an ad hoc network. These differences indicate that protocols that are valid in the context of ad-hoc networks may not be directly applicable for sensor networks. In this paper, we survey the state of art in securing wireless sensor networks. We review several protocols that provide security in sensor networks, with an emphasis on authentication, key management and distribution, secure routing, and methods for intrusion detection. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prostaglandin H Synthase: EFFECTS OF PEROXIDASE COSUBSTRATES ON CYCLOOXYGENASE VELOCITY *

Many cosubstrates for the peroxidase activity of prostaglandin H synthase-1 (PGHS-1) have been reported to produce a large (2–7-fold) increase in the cyclooxygenase velocity in addition to a substantial increase in the number of cyclooxygenase catalytic turnovers. The large stimulation of cyclooxygenase velocity has become an important criterion for evaluation of putative PGHS reaction mechanisms. This criterion has been a major weakness of branched-chain tyrosyl radical mechanisms, which correctly predict many other cyclooxygenase characteristics. Our computer simulations based on a branched-chain mechanism indicated that the uncorrected oxygen electrode signals commonly used to monitor activity can seriously overestimate the effects of cosubstrate on cyclooxygenase velocity. The simulation results prompted re-examination of the effect of several cosubstrates (phenol, acetaminophen,N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylphenylenediamine, and Trolox) on PGHS-1 cyclooxygenase velocity. Cyclooxygenase kinetics were examined at reduced temperature or elevated pH, where the oxygen electrode signal can be corrected to provide reliable oxygen consumption trajectories. The cosubstrates produced only a slight (10–60%) stimulation of the cyclooxygenase velocity. Peroxidase cosubstrates thus have a much smaller stimulatory effect on cyclooxygenase velocity than previously reported. This corrects a longstanding misperception of cosubstrate effects, provides more realistic kinetic constraints on PGHS mechanisms, and removes what was a major deficiency of branched-chain tyrosyl radical mechanisms.
A method for measuring X-ray mass-absorption coefficients of geological materials

The mass-absorption coefficients of geological materials were determined indirectly by measuring the intensity of the Compton-scatter of the Mo-Kβ radiation emitted by a molybdenum X-ray tube. The determination was based on the linear relationship between the mass-absorption coefficient of the material and the intensity of the Compton-scatter.
Efficient stabilization of Cu+ ions in phosphate glasses via reduction of Cu2+ by Sn2+ during ambient atmosphere melting

Glasses containing substantial amounts of well-dispersed luminescent Cu+ ions are attractive materials for applications in solid-state lighting, photonic waveguides, and solar cells. Thus far, coming across a simple yet effective method for the preparation of such has remained elusive given the instability of Cu+ relative to Cu2+, especially for syntheses carried out under the oxidizing air atmosphere. In this work, high concentrations of monovalent copper ions are shown to be successfully incorporated in a high-solubility phosphate glass matrix by a simple melt-quench method. The traditional Cu2+ spectrophotometric analysis commonly utilized for liquid solutions is proposed herein for the solid-state material to estimate the reduction efficiency of Cu2+ during the material preparation process. Reproducibly, the use of relatively large quantities of copper(II) oxide with equal amounts of reducing agent tin(II) oxide (up to 20 mol%), together with the use of sucrose to assist as antioxidant during melting in air atmosphere, yields high-reduction efficiencies estimated at 98 %. Along with the optical absorption analysis, photoluminescence spectroscopy is employed in evaluating the emission properties of the glasses in connection to the Cu+ ions. Further, solid-state 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals the structural features of the glasses that support the remarkable stabilization of the Cu+ ions.
COMPARISON OF PHYSIOLOGICALLY AND MANUALLY FORMED DENTURE BASES.

Summary Similar complete dentures were constructed for a group of subjects with variations in the contour of the external surfaces of the denture bases. The bases of one set of dentures were formed by a physiologic technique and the other set by a manual method in which a knowledge of oral anatomy was used. The dentures were tested for retention after three variations in wearing conditions. An anaylsis of variance indicated that, statistically, there was no significant difference between the retention of the two forms of maxillary or mandibular dentures or among the three testing conditions.
Optimal sizes and placements of piezoelectric actuators and sensors on an inflated torus

One of the limitations of a piezoelectric material is the amount of force it can exert. Hence, it is important to optimize the locations and sizes of the actuators so that the required control effort is minimum. Similarly, to obtain good signal to noise ratio, sensors should be chosen to provide maximum output for the vibration in the modes of interest. These problems become more critical as the number of actuators and sensors increases. In this study, we find optimum places and sizes of actuators/sensors on an inflated toroidal shell using genetic algorithm. Using the expressions for the generalized forces and sensor voltages developed previously, modal forces and modal sensing constants are determined. To obtain a cumulative performance measure of all the controlled modes, controllability and observability indices are used. Using these performance indices, optimal locations and sizes of the actuators and sensors are determined so that the actuators require minimum energy and the sensors provides maximum output energy. Finally, using an optimal control, the vibration suppression of the inflated torus using these actuators and sensors has been demonstrated.
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery origin thrombosis with aneurysm of collateralized posterior meningeal artery presenting as subarachnoid hemorrhage: case report.

Objective This is the first report of a ruptured aneurysm involving a collateral branch to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) in a patient who had a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Clinical presentation A 56-year-old man initially presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage and underwent 2 catheter-based 4-vessel angiograms with negative results. A delayed angiogram 4 weeks later revealed a dissecting aneurysm of the posterior meningeal artery, a branch of the vertebral artery. Intervention A 3-dimensional reconstruction of the vertebral angiogram showed proximal occlusion of the proximal left PICA and distal filling via a collateral branch from the posterior meningeal artery. A far-lateral approach was used for this patient. The aneurysm was found along the course of the collateral posterior meningeal artery and was clipped successfully. Conclusion Aneurysms involving collateral branches of the PICA are rare. It is important to recognize such collateral flow preoperatively because inadvertent sacrifice of these vessels during a surgical approach could lead to stroke and neurological deficits of the PICA territory.
The Evolution of Automated Microwave Measurements

Microwave measurements lend themselves to automation because many readings and much computation is often needed to achieve reasonable accuracies. The expense of automated microwave measurements has limited their widespread use for general measurements. However, an international standard for instrument interfaces, more off-the-shelf programmable instruments, and the advent of inexpensive calculator controllers will dramatically increase the utilization of automated microwave measurement techniques.
Getting the most out of your help desk software

Many of us have a love - hate relationship with our Help Desk software. Often seen as a necessary evil, it can be a great source of frustration for IT staff as well as our clients. When we look for a way to eliminate our frustrations, we often look first for a software solution, confident that all we need is a program with the "right" feature set. Less attention is paid to how our management team, Help Desk staff, and clients are using the systems we already have in place. In this paper, we'll discuss how a disconnect between implementation and procedures and an institution's culture can be the root cause of Help Desk software failures and frustrations and share strategies for improving overall satisfaction with your current Help Desk system
Quantitative time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry for the characterization of multicomponent adsorbed protein films

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is ideal for the characterization of adsorbed proteins due to its chemical specificity and surface sensitivity. We have employed ToF-SIMS and multivariate analysis to determine the surface composition of adsorbed protein films from binary mixtures, blood serum, and blood plasma. Good correlation between ToF-SIMS data and independent radiolabeling studies was achieved for binary mixtures, though these results depended on the substrate. Qualitative insight into the composition of the serum and plasma protein films was obtained via comparison to standard single protein film spectra. ToF-SIMS and multivariate analysis were able to measure the surface composition of multicomponent adsorbed protein films.
General Trends for Bulk Diffusion in Ice and Surface Diffusion on Ice

Experimental measurements of bulk diffusion in ice and surface diffusion on ice were performed using laser resonant desorption (LRD) techniques. Bulk diffusion in ice was examined using ice sandwich structures and continuous source experiments together with LRD depth-profiling analysis. Surface diffusion was monitored using prepare−refill−probe LRD experiments. New experimental results were obtained for the bulk diffusion of NH3 and CH3OH. These species probably exist as hydrates in the ice. The LRD measurements for CH3OH hydrate diffusion, combined with previous results, provide evidence for a vacancy-mediated diffusion mechanism. The diffusion rates for NH3 hydrates are much larger than diffusion rates for H2O self-diffusion in ice and are attributed to the disruption of the ice lattice. LRD prepare−refill−probe experiments revealed that surface diffusion was not measurable for almost all of the species examined on ice. Only butane displayed a measurable surface mobility that was attributed to its uniqu...
Dual representation of item positions in verbal short-term memory: Evidence for two access modes

Memory sets of N = 1~5 digits were exposed sequentially from left-to-right across the screen, followed by N recognition probes. Probes had to be compared to memory list items on identity only (Sternberg task) or conditional on list position. Positions were probed randomly or in left-to-right order. Search functions related probe response times to set size. Random probing led to ramped, "Sternbergian" functions whose intercepts were elevated by the location requirement. Sequential probing led to flat search functions-fast responses unaffected by set size. These results suggested that items in STM could be accessed either by a slow search-on-identity followed by recovery of an associated location tag, or in a single step by following item-to-item links in study order. It is argued that this dual coding of location information occurs spontaneously at study, and that either code can be utilised at retrieval depending on test demands.
Upward evaluation at the Arizona Health Sciences Library.

Upward evaluation is a process that involves the evaluation of supervisors by those they supervise. Although common in industry [1, 2], it is fairly rare in libraries and even more rare, though not unheard of, in medical libraries [3]. A recent informal, unscientific poll of academic health sciences library directors conducted by the Arizona Health Sciences Library (AHSL) director revealed that only three of twenty-six respondents participated in upward evaluation of managers. Three others had a process for evaluation of the director only. During the summer of 2007, the AHSL explored the many potential benefits of upward evaluation and concluded that benefits could accrue at three different levels. According to the literature, at an employee level, upward evaluation gives employees a voice in the organization of which they are so integral a part, can lead to better staff morale and improved commitment, and can reduce conflict [1, 4]. At the supervisor or middle management level, it can serve as a powerful tool for professional development. At the director or supervisors' supervisor level, upward evaluation can provide valuable input regarding the supervisory skills of the supervisors they oversee. Because of its potential benefits, the AHSL decided to develop and implement a process that incorporated evaluation of supervisors by subordinates into the annual performance review process.
From Limestone Caves to Concrete Graves: 3000 Years of Mortuary Practice in the Palauan Archipelago, Micronesia

Human skeletal remains have been discovered from a variety of contexts in the Palauan archipelago of western Micronesia. These include caves, rockshelters, earthen mounds, stone platforms, midden burials, crypts, sarcophagi, and historic period gravesites. Recent exca- vation of a prehistoric cemetery in a rockshelter on Orrak Island dating from ca 1000 BC-AD 200, combined with nearly contemporaneous surface finds in caves on both Orrak and other nearby islands, shed light on the earliest known burial practices in Palau. Interment in limestone caves and rockshelters was then replaced in succession by burial in earthwork terraces, beneath stone platforms, in middens, within limestone slab crypts and at least one known stone sarcophagus, and finally in Western or Asian-style gravesites with headstones. Here we present the first major synthesis of mortuary patterns in Palau from the earliest periods of known settlement (ca. 1000 BC) to modern times. Understanding how these burial practices change over time provides valuable insight into changing sociocultural practices within Palauan society, including how contact with outsiders during the historical period drastically altered traditional mortuary behaviours. Copyright 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trinexapac-ethyl effects on kentucky bluegrass evapotranspiration

Many researchers have reported that trinexapac-ethyl [4-(cyclopropyl-hydroxy-methylene)-3,5-dioxo-cyclohexane-carboxylic acid ethylester] effectively reduces turfgrass leaf elongation and subsequent clipping production. Our hypothesis is that trinexapac-ethyl (TE) induced canopy growth and conductance reductions may also reduce turfgrass evapotranspiration (ET) rates, this study was conducted to determine if application of TE to mature, field-grown Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L. NuStar') would result in reduced weekly ET rates as measured by weighing bucket lysimeters. A randomized complete block design was used to compare the weekly ET rate (mm week -1 ) of Kentucky bluegrass (KBG) treated or not with TE (0.27 kg ha -1 ). Weighing bucket lysimeters containing KBG were treated with TE three times per year at 6-wk intervals in 1995, 1996, and 1997. Trinexapac-ethyl reduced KBG weekly ET in 5 wk out of a total of 34 wk sampled over 3 yr. Higher ET rates were not correlated with weekly clipping production for either untreated or TE-treated KBG. Possible ET reductions, coupled with reduced clipping production, indicate TE is an effective tool for managing numerous turfgrass systems.
AN ADVOCATE ROLE MODEL FOR POLICY ANALYSIS

The most common role descriptions for professional policy analysts may be described as “problem solving” models, these models assume that most policy issues are essentially technical problems which can be solved through professional expertise. This paper outlines an alternate advocacy analysis model which assumes that many policy problems are matters of competing self interests and that analysts will often be sought to provide the strongest possible case for a client's preference. It also reviews questions of feasibility, credibility, appropriate training, and ethics for an advocacy analysis profession.
Observers for faster flux estimation in induction machines

Flux estimation in induction machines is examined from the viewpoint of observer theory. We note that schemes in present use are typically real-time simulations without feedback of any corrective prediction error. Our analysis and numerical simulations show that implementing such corrective feedback can result in considerably faster convergence of the flux estimates.
Dielectric function and electrical resistivity of liquid carbon determined by femtosecond spectroscopy

Femtosecond pump-probe reflectance of graphite and diamond targets following intense laser irradiation is used to measure the optical properties of the pressurized liquid carbon phase while it retains an optically sharp surface before expanding hydrodynamically as a hot plasma. These measurements allow the historically elusive liquid phase of carbon to be characterized optically for the first time. A Drude dielectric model of the reflectance spectrum 1 ps after excitation just above the melting threshold reveals a poorly conducting liquid metal with a dc resistivity 625±75μΩ · cm. The optically determined resistivity decreases with increasing sample excitation. The initial stages of hydrodynamic surface expansion of Al, W, and C targets are also quantitatively characterized by time-resolved reflectance, revealing the expansion speed as well as further dielectric properties of the high-temperature-pressure phase.
Designing an effective statewide tobacco control program‐California

OVERVIEW In this report, the author traces the history of the development of the first statewide tobacco control program, from its early obstacles and legislative-imposed deadline through the development of its three priority areas. Woven into this review is Dr. Bal's emphasis on the role of a cohesive leadership tied into the needs of the tobacco control constituency. Cancer 1998;83:2717-2721. © 1998 American Cancer Society.
Part-Time Employment in the Federal Service Do the Benefits Outweigh the Costs?

Despite congressional directives calling on federal agencies to promote part-time employment opportunities, the civil service uses part-time workers far less than does the private sector. The reason may lie both in decreased career advancement for part-timers and in higher administrative costs for federal agencies. Using two large samples of federal employees, the author explores differences between part-time and full-time employees in terms of their characteristics, career patterns, work satisfaction, and productivity Although part-timers hold lower grades and are promoted more slowly than comparably educated and experienced workers of the same sex, they are as satisfied with their jobs and pay as are full-time workers and more satisfied with their work-family balance. Their higher turnover rates and some evidence of lower performance ratings suggest that federal agencies may continue to resist expansion of part-time employment.
Investigation of the Monomer−Dimer Equilibria of Molybdocenes in Water

Molybdocenes form monomeric and dimeric complexes upon dissolution in water. The solution structures of the molybdocenes at neutral pH are inferred as the monomeric [(CpR)2Mo(OH2)(OH)]+ and the dim...
The Stress-Affiliation Paradigm Revisited: Do People Prefer the Kindness of Strangers or Their Attractiveness?

Abstract Two studies employed a classic affiliation-under-stress paradigm and examined people’s preferences for affiliating with kind versus attractive same- and opposite-sex targets. When men were under default conditions of low stress, they preferred to affiliate with attractive women. However, men placed in a high stress situation instead preferred to interact with kind women. Regardless of stress level, women preferred to affiliate with kind, rather than attractive, men. When choosing among interaction partners of their own sex, participants uniformly chose to interact with kind others, regardless of stress level. This research builds on traditional stress-affiliation research, which has focused on whether people wish to affiliate with others who are currently in or have already experienced the same stressful situations. The current research suggests that stress may affect the enduring personal traits we seek in others. Possible motivations underlying men’s and women’s preferences in the current study (e.g., mating goals, self-protective goals) are discussed.
Incidence of Febrile Urinary Tract Infections in Children after Successful Endoscopic Treatment of Vesicoureteral Reflux: A Long-Term Follow-Up

Objective To evaluate the incidence of febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) after successful endoscopic correction of intermediate and high-grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Study design Medical records of 1271 consecutive children (male, 411; female, 903) who underwent successful endoscopic correction of VUR were reviewed. Factors potentially influencing postoperative UTIs, such as history of presentation, age, sex, grade of VUR, renal scarring, and agent used for the endoscopic injection, were analyzed. Results Febrile UTI developed in 73 children (5.7%) after successful endoscopic correction of VUR. Thirty-nine children had a single episode of UTI, and 34 children had two or more episodes at 1 month to 5.9 years (median, 1 year) after correction of VUR. With multivariate analysis, female sex ( P P = .005), and BBD after endoscopic correction ( P = .001) were revealed to be the most important independent risk factors for a febrile UTI after successful correction of VUR. Conclusions The incidence of febrile UTIs after successful correction of intermediate and high grade VUR is low. Female sex and BBD were the most important risk factors in the development of febrile UTI. Our data supports the importance of assessing bladder and bowel habits in older children with febrile UTIs after endoscopic correction of VUR.
Bayesian system for probabilistic stage transition forecasting

Abstract The second analytic-numerical Bayesian forecasting system (BFS) is presented. The purpose of this BFS is to produce a short-term probabilistic stage transition forecast (PSTF) based on a probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecast (PQPF) as an input and a deterministic hydrologic model (of any complexity) as a means of simulating the response of a headwater basin to precipitation. The river stage process is treated as a discrete-time, continuous-state stochastic process. The PSTF specifies a finite sequence of infinite families of predictive one-step transition density functions that characterize the total uncertainty about the evolution of the river stage process in time. This characterization is needed for rigorous application of stochastic decision models in flood response systems and reservoir control systems. The BFS has three structural components: the precipitation uncertainty processor (PUP), the hydrologic uncertainty processor (HUP), and the integrator (INT). Previous articles detailed the PUP and the HUP. This article presents the total system. It focuses on the INT—its derivation and properties, and the PSTF—its formats and attributes. It presents operational expressions, numerical algorithms, and a complete example using real-time input data and producing families of predictive one-step Markov transition density functions for 3 days ahead in 24- and 6-h steps. Finally, it describes a Monte Carlo scheme for generating the Bayesian ensemble forecast which is equivalent to the PSTF.