cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Empowering the electric grid: Can SMES coupled to wind turbines improve grid stability?

The transition to a low carbon energy portfolio necessitates a reduction in the demand of fossil-fuel and an increase in renewable energy generation and penetration. Wind energy in particular is ubiquitous, yet the stochastic nature of wind energy hinders its wide-spread adoption into the electric grid. Numerous techniques (improved wind forecasting, improved wind turbine design and improved power electronics) have been proposed to increase the penetration of wind energy, yet only a few have addressed the challenges of wind intermittency, grid stability and flexibility simultaneously. The problem of excess wind energy results in wind curtailment and has plagued large scale wind integration. NREL's HOMER software is used to show that a strong negative correlation exists between the cycles to failure of a storage device and the excess wind energy on the system. A 1 MJ magnesium-diboride superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system is designed to alleviate momentary interruptions (lasting from a few milli-seconds to a few minutes) in wind turbines. The simulation results establish the efficacy of SMES coupled with wind turbines improve output power quality and show that a 1 MJ SMES alleviated momentary interruptions for ∼50 s in 3 MW wind turbines. These studies suggest that SMES when coupled to wind turbines could be ideal storage devices that improve wind power quality and electric grid stability.
From Monkey to Man: The Epidemiologic Evidence of an Association Between Simian Virus 40 and Malignancy

Early in the 20th century endemic poliomyelitis gradually evolved into the most devastating epidemic in the Western world. Striking improvements in public health, ironically, were accompanied by more frequent outbreaks of crippling poliomyelitis. By 1950, each new day brought more polio victims, an increasing sense of crisis, and a greater need for an effective therapy. In the United States mass vaccination for paralytic polio began in 1955 with licensing of the Salk inactivated vaccine. It is estimated that by 1960 90% of all persons under 20 years of age had received at least one inoculation; a total of 98 million Americans had been immunized (1). A sharp decline in disease incidence occurred and the spread of this crippling infection was abated. Amid this chronicle of success was the knowledge that numerous, presumed harmless viruses had been recovered from the primary monkey kidney cell cultures used for the efficient growth of polio virus needed for mass vaccine production. However, in 1961 Eddy and colleagues (2) conducted the first investigations demonstrating the development of tumors in 71% of newborn hamsters injected with polio vaccine culture extracts. The tumors were identified as mesotheliomas, ependymomas, osteogenic sarcomas, and lymphomas. Multiple other investigators confirmed these initial findings (3–6). The oncogenic property of the cell extract was later attributed to a double-stranded DNA virus designated simian virus 40 (SV40), an indigenous pathogen in the African green monkey (7). Diamandopoulos (3) provided compelling evidence of the role of the virus by demonstrating that animals inoculated with anti-SV40 serum demonstrated no tumor growth. Important independent studies by Koprowski et al (8) showed that, in fact, cultured human cells underwent transformation with SV40, raising concerns about the possible consequences of human exposure to this virus. Simian virus 40 and the closely related human polyomaviruses BK and Jamestown Canyon (JC) produce subclinical infection in immuno-
Mutually Assured Protection: Toward Development of Relational Internet Data Security and Privacy Contracting Norms

This paper empirically and normatively explores the current data security contracting regime that exists online. Using an analytical lens from complexity theory, this article presents an empirical study of 75 websites of publicly traded companies across time, tracking legal emergence of data security contracting practices. It then argues that a new legal construction for data security contracting is needed to replace the current regime of terms of use and privacy policies; current internet data security contracting structures do not facilitate building of commercial trust.
Asymmetric switchinglike behavior in the magnetoresistance at low fields in bulk metamagnetic Heusler alloys

A novel physical phenomenon has been observed that resembles a large asymmetric switchinglike magnetoresistance at low applied fields in bulk metamagnetic Heusler alloys. A thermally activated isothermal forward metamagnetic transition with a signature of a pronounced time-dependent relaxation was observed in a bulk B-substituted off-stoichiometric Ni-Mn-In Heusler alloy, whereas the reverse metamagnetic transition exhibited the usual athermal behavior with no thermal activation. The asymmetry between the forward and reverse metamagnetic transitions resulted in a large switchinglike, low-field magnetoresistance (\ensuremath{\sim}16% for a field change of $B$ = 0 \ensuremath{\rightarrow} 0.25 T at $T$ = 304 K) in the bulk Heusler alloys, ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{50}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{35}{\mathrm{In}}_{15\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{B}}_{x}$ (1 \ensuremath{\leqslant} $x$ \ensuremath{\leqslant} 2).
An Improved Substrate Preparation for Postheparin Plasma Lipase

SummaryA rapid, simple, reproducible and readily available substrate preparation for estimating postheparin plasma lipase is described. Ca++ is obligatory but can be replaced by other cations such as NH4+, Na+ or Mg++ . No preference was shown by postheparin plasma lipase for triglycerides with a particular fatty acid chain length or degree of saturation or unsaturation.
Epidemic Situation of AIDS in Futian District of Shenzhen,1994-2011

Objective To analyze the epidemic situation of AIDS in Futian district of Shenzhen.Methods Information about the epidemic situationof AIDS in Futian district of from 1994 to 2011 was collected and analyzed by using distribution analysis method.Results Totally 798 HIV/AIDS cases were accumulative reported from 1994 to 2011.The distribution features included that cases were mainly young males(82.0%) aged 20-40;most of the cases were residents(accounting for 65.3%);cases were mainly infected through sexual contact(61.2%),in which 46.2% were infected by homosexual sex with men.Conclusion The epidemic of AIDS in Futian distric of Shenzhen is at a low level.However,in certain groups(such as intravenous drug users,men who having sex with men,etc.) high prevalence trend was showed.The disease is spreading from high-risk groups to the general population.
Screening for Depression Across the Lifespan: A Review of Measures for Use in Primary Care Settings

Depression is a common psychiatric disorder in children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly. Primary care physicians, not mental health professionals, treat the majority of patients with symptoms of depression. Persons who are depressed have feelings of sadness, loneliness, irritability, worthlessness, hopelessness, agitation, and guilt that may be accompanied by an array of physical symptoms. A diagnosis of major depression requires that symptoms be present for two weeks or longer. Identifying patients with depression can be difficult in busy primary care settings where time is limited, but certain depression screening measures may help physicians diagnose the disorder. Patients who score above the predetermined cut-off levels on the screening measures should be interviewed more specifically for a diagnosis of a depressive disorder and treated within the primary care physician's scope of practice or referred to a mental health subspecialist as clinically indicated. Targeted screening in high-risk patients such as those with chronic diseases, pain, unexplained symptoms, stressful home environments, or social isolation, and those who are postnatal or elderly may provide an alternative approach to identifying patients with depression.
Uptown Act: A History of the Uniform Commercial Code: 1940-49

By looking at the record somewhat differently, the story changes from a long drafting process conducted by two remote, august, and expert institutions into one characterized by a collision between the two cultures of Uptown and Downtown. It is an epic in which a radical professor-a fan of folk music, a poet, a supporter of the New Deal, a devotee of anthropologists and Veblen and Commons, the radical institutional economists, a despiser of pallid intellectuals who instead preferred "action-direction thinking," and a decorated veteran of the German Army of World War I who was about to divorce his second wife and marry one of his former students - sought to realize his radical, reformist programs for sales law.
Anti-phospholipid Antibodies and Smoking: An Overview

Antiphospholipid syndrome is characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, specifically lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies, and anti-β2 glycoprotein-I antibodies. Antiphospholipid syndrome can occur on its own or in association with other autoimmune diseases, most commonly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A connection between cigarette smoking and anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL) was first reported in the late1980s. Systemic lupus erythematosus patients with aPL are more likely to be smokers than those without aPL. These patients have a particularly high frequency of vascular events. Recently, a potential link between periodontitis, tobacco, and aPL has been proposed. Research has also suggested that periodontitis and Porphyromonas gingivalis infection are associated with citrullination through the action of peptidylarginine deiminase. A strong correlation between smoking and the presence of citrillunated autoantibodies, which are characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis, has also been observed. While many studies have investigated possible links between infection and aPL in patients with autoimmune diseases, the association of smoking with aPL has not been systematically examined. The fact that both aPL and tobacco are risk factors for thrombosis has complicated efforts to evaluate these factors separately. Also, there has been great variability in measurement techniques, and laboratories lack routine methods for differentiating transient and persistent aPL; both of these factors can make interpretation of autoantibody results quite challenging. This review summarizes the clinical evidence supporting a posited link between aPL and smoking, both in patients with a systemic autoimmune disease and in patients with other medical conditions.
Measurement of Cohesion in Asteroid Regolith Materials

There is increasing evidence that a large fraction of asteroids, and even Phobos, have such low densities (<2 g/cu cm) that the are unlikely to be consolidated rocks in space.-Water is unlikely due to close orbits to the sun. Instead, many of these asteroids are thought to be made up of unconsolidated smaller particles of varying size referred to as rubble piles. Images of the asteroid Itokawa reinforce this hypothesis. What holds the rubble piles together? Gravitational forces alone are not strong enough to hold together rubble pile asteroids, at least not those that are rapidly spinning Van der Waals forces and or Electrostatic forces must therefore be responsible for holding them together. Previous work suggests that electrostatic forces, which are orders of magnitude stronger are far more likely. Charge build-up is a likely consequence of the interaction of airless bodies with the solar wind plasma, analogous to what has been proposed to occur on the moon. Objective: Experimentally measure cohesive forces relevant to those holding rubble pile asteroids together
Training Students Who Occasionally Bully to Be Peer Advocates: Is a Bystander Intervention Effective in Reducing Bullying Behavior?

Bullying is a major public health problem faced by youth today. This randomized controlled study evaluated a brief, counselor-led bystander bullying intervention for elementary school students with a history of occasionally bullying (N = 54). The intervention—stealing the show, turning it over, accompanying others, and coaching compassion (STAC)—is designed to train students to intervene as peer advocates when they witness bullying situations at school. Students in the STAC intervention group reported a significantly lower level of bullying perpetration compared to students in the wait-list control group. Findings suggest that training students who bully to be peer advocates may be a promising approach to bullying prevention. The authors discuss future directions for research and implications for counselors.
Feasibility of early physical therapy for dizziness after a sports‐related concussion: A randomized clinical trial

The purpose of this study was to (a) assess the feasibility of recruitment/retention of participants, protocol/resource management, and participant safety, and (b) estimate the size of the effect between the experimental and control groups. This was a feasibility study conducted as a prospective pilot double-blind randomized clinical trial. Subjects aged 10-23 years old with acute concussion and dizziness were enrolled from sports medicine centers. Forty-one participants were randomized into treatment and were seen for physical therapy beginning at 10 days post-concussion. Subjects in the experimental group received individually tailored, pragmatically delivered progressive interventions. Subjects in the control received prescriptive sham to minimally progressive interventions. The two primary outcomes were medical clearance for return-to-play and symptomatic recovery. The median number of days to medical clearance for the experimental group was 15.5 and for the control was 26. The median number of days to symptomatic recovery was 13.5 for the experimental group and was 17 for the control. According to Cox proportional hazards regression for time to medical release for return-to-play, the experimental group demonstrated a hazard ratio of 2.91 (95% CI: 1.01, 8.43) compared to the control. For time-to-symptomatic recovery, those in the experimental group demonstrated a hazard ratio of 1.99 (95% CI: 0.95, 4.15) compared to the control. The results indicate that it is feasible and safe to complete this type of intervention study. The results provide strong support for the allocation of resources to conduct well-powered randomized clinical trials of this intervention.
Sialendoscopy-assisted transfacial removal of parotid sialoliths: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective To review the literature and conduct a meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness and safety of the combined endoscopic–transfacial approach for parotid sialolith management. Data Sources PubMed 1946–, Embase 1947–, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Database of Abstracts of Review Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, clinicaltrials.gov, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, and FirstSearch Proceedings to March 2015. Review Methods Published prospective or retrospective English-language studies with reported outcomes of more than one patient undergoing the combined endoscopic-transfacial procedure for parotid sialolithiasis were included. Two independent authors screened all eligible studies and reviewed and extracted data from relevant publications. Weighted pooled proportions for stone removal, symptom improvement, gland preservation, and complications were calculated. Results Ten studies, primarily retrospective single-institution studies, were included in the final analysis, with a total of 184 patients. Overall, the procedure was noted to be successful with low risk; the weighted pooled proportions were 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97 to 1.00) for stone removal, 0.97 (95% CI: 0.93 to 0.99) for symptom improvement, 1 (95% CI: 0.99 to 1.00) for gland preservation, and 0.06 (95% CI: 0.01 to 0.15) for complications. Conclusions Although our analysis is primarily based on retrospective data, the evidence shown here suggests that the combined endoscopic–transfacial technique is an effective treatment for parotid gland sialolithiasis not amenable to intraoral or purely endoscopic removal. This approach results in high rates of symptom improvement and gland preservation. The complication rates are low, further supporting the use of this technique. Laryngoscope, 127:2510–2516, 2017
Trace Elements in Various Individual and Mixed Biofuels: Abundance and Release in Particulate Matter during Combustion

This study reports the emissions of 11 trace elements (including Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) in particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <10 μm (PM10) from the combustion of 10 biofuels in a drop-tube furnace (DTF) system at 1400 °C in air. The 10 biofuels include four individual biofuels, i.e., biochar, bio-oil, water-soluble fraction of bio-oil (WSF), and crude glycerol (CG), and six mixed fuels, i.e., bio-oil/methanol/CG blend, WSF/CG blend, bio-oil/biochar slurry, WSF/biochar slurry, bio-oil/methanol/CG/biochar slurry, and WSF/CG/biochar slurry. The results show that the main trace elements presented in all biofuels are Zn and Mn, and the concentrations of trace elements in biochar are much higher than those in the other biofuels. In the slurry systems, the presence of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Co is mainly contributed by the biochar fraction, while that of the other elements (Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) is mainly from the liquid fraction. During the combustion of all of the biof...
Social Support Mosaic: Understanding Mental Health Management Practice on College Campus

Mental health wellness concerns are a significant issue among emerging adults due to the compounded stressors of life changes, new responsibilities, and career-related burdens. Due to a lack of support and the stigma associated with seeking help, they often do not receive adequate professional care. In this paper, we show how emerging adults seek help managing their mental wellness through social support. We conducted 19 interviews with students at a large university in the U.S. Midwest. Our study identifies that students maintain different social support groups, selectively sharing their concerns based on each group's role, benefits, and limitations. We call this support network the Mosaic of Social Support. We discuss opportunities for technology design that enhances the Mosaic of Social Support, allowing it to be more accessible, safe, and sustainable, thus providing tailored help to serve the students' unmet needs.
Persuasiveness of the text: An analysis of Virginia Woolf's "Three Guineas"

Persuasiveness of the Text: An Analysis of Virginia Woolf s Three Guineas by Carl Lindner, Graduate Student Dr. Beth Rosenberg, Examination Committee Chair Professor of English University of Nevada, Las Vegas This analysis is a consideration of the Three Guineas by Virginia Woolf and deals with her use of endnotes and citations throughout the essay-novel, and their persuasive role in regards to the text. This paper will investigate this paratextual source material and its purposeful inclusion into the work. As mnemonic components and logical evidence, the textual citations are subservient to the persuasive quality of the text and the arrangement of her argument. After separating historical elements from the rhetorical aspects of the essay-novel, the paper explores Virginia Woolf s use of Classical rhetorical strategies in constructing her argument in Three Guineas. Next, the persuasive quality of Three Guineas is considered through Woolf s effective deployment of various aspects of patriarchal language against itself within the work. Ultimately this paper shows, with her systematic usurpation of language, Woolf actually creates one of the most persuasive and rhetorical works of the last century. ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTS
Topics in spectral methods

After detailing the construction of spectral approximations to time-dependent mixed initial boundary value problems, a study is conducted of differential equations of the form 'partial derivative of u/partial derivative of t = Lu + f', where for each t, u(t) belongs to a Hilbert space such that u satisfies homogeneous boundary conditions. For the sake of simplicity, it is assumed that L is an unbounded, time-independent linear operator. Attention is given to Fourier methods of both Galerkin and pseudospectral method types, the Galerkin method, the pseudospectral Chebyshev and Legendre methods, the error equation, hyperbolic partial differentiation equations, and time discretization and iterative methods.
Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome

The best test to diagnose ACS is a risk score based on a clinical prediction rule such as the HEART (history, electrocardiography, age, risk factors, troponin level) or TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) risk score, which have positive likelihood ratios (LR+'s) of 13 and 6.8, respectively.
Loihi Asynchronous Neuromorphic Research Chip

Intel's "Loihi" neuromorphic research chip implements spiking neural networks on 128 custom cores with 1024 neurons each. It supports a wide variety of algorithms inspired by computational neuroscience, notably on-chip learning. Loihi's design is specified in the Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) language and implemented by an automated flow that generates two-phase bundled-data (BD) asynchronous pipelines with pulsed latch datapaths. This optimizes area and energy while using a mostly standard cell library and simplifies integration with synchronous collateral. The pre-silicon design was verified by static timing analysis, back-annotated gate-level simulation, and FPGA emulation. Tunable delay lines provide sufficient timing margin in extreme corners such as near-threshold-voltage. Loihi was manufactured in Intel's 14nm ASIC process in Q4 2017 and is functional from 0.55V to 1.25V.
Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial to Examine the Pharmacokinetic and Clinical Impacts of Fixed Dose versus Weight-based Enoxaparin Prophylaxis: A Methodologic Description of the FIxed or Variable Enoxaparin (FIVE) Trial.

Venous thromboembolism is an important patient safety in plastic surgery, and multiple clinical trials in the past 10 years have provided increased understanding of the risks and benefits of venous thromboembolism prevention strategies. This paper provides an exhaustive discussion of the rationale b
Abstract 500: Progression of Chronic Ischemia-Mediated Arrhythmogenesis in a Rat Model of Heart Failure

Background: Worldwide, the prevalence of heart failure (HF) is increasing and HF patients are living longer. Chronic ischemic HF presents with increased vulnerability to ventricular tachycardia and...
Refractions of Holocaust Memory in Stanisław Lem’s Science Fiction

This chapter examines how the Holocaust finds disguised expression in Stanislaw Lem’s science fiction. Rather than portraying historical incidents from a straightforward angle, Lem depicts them in refracted fashion—shattered into fragments, displaced into alien settings, and retrieved from broken memories in broken languages. This chapter demonstrates that the science fiction genre works as a refracting strategy. Through discussion of major fictional works, the memoir Highcastle, and faux book reviews, I explore several reasons why Lem encrypted the Holocaust inside science fiction, including evading censorship and carrying a complex psychological relationship to his own Holocaust experience and Jewishness. By moving these histories into futuristic fiction, Lem illuminates the darkness of the Holocaust with the light from an imagined future—or with a parallel darkness from hypothetical societies that fail to learn from it―and subtly presses readers to confront the Holocaust’s moral legacy in a post-Holocaust world.
The will to act when the data are dire

In the face of a dire planetary prognosis, American politicians in the 1980s faced a simple question: Act now, or wait and see? These are the same options available to anyone presented with an uncertain future, whether rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, a cyst that might turn cancerous, or scattered cases of an infectious disease that could explode into a pandemic. Losing Earth focuses on the first of these, but Nathaniel Rich9s frustration resonate during the current public health emergency. Why, he asks, did American politicians fail to act when scientists agreed that there was a real and present danger?
Treatment disparities in minority groups with multiple myeloma at a safety-net hospital

Overall survival (OS) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) varies across racial and ethnic groups [1]. Prior to the early 2000s, black patients were shown to have a survival advantage over white ...
The Influence of Binocular Vision Symptoms on Computerized Neurocognitive Testing of Adolescents With Concussion

Binocular vision disorders are commonly found postconcussion and associated with high symptom burden. We investigated the relationship between binocular vision symptoms and neurocognitive test performance. Thirty-four adolescents with concussion and 18 without concussion were assessed for cognitive performance using the CogState Brief Battery. Binocular vision disorders were determined using clinical examination and vision symptoms with the Convergence Insufficiency Symptoms Survey (CISS). A cutoff CISS score of 13 had high predictive accuracy for identifying individuals with a binocular vision disorder. CogState scores for processing speed and attention were significantly lower in the concussion group compared with the control group. Within the concussion group, scores for attention, learning, and working memory were significantly lower in those with vision symptoms. The presence of vision symptoms did not significantly affect CogState scores within the control group. The presence of vision symptoms in individuals with concussion is associated with significantly reduced scores on individual components of the CogState.
Conservation potential of North American large rivers: The Wabash River compared with the Ohio and Illinois rivers

Large rivers are ecological treasures with high human value, but most have experienced decades of degradation from industrial and municipal sewage, row-crop agricultural practices, and hydrologic alteration. We reviewed published analyses of long-term fish diversity publications from three intensively managed large river ecosystems to demonstrate the conservation potential of large river ecosystems. We show how the incorporation of recent advances in river concepts will allow a better understanding of river ecosystem functioning and conservation. Lastly, we focus on the Wabash River ecosystem based on high conservation value and provide a list of actions to maintain and support the ecosystem. In the Wabash River, there were originally 66 species of freshwater mussels, but now only 30 species with reproducing populations remain. Although there were multiple stressors over the last century, the largest change in Wabash River fish biodiversity was associated with rapid increases in municipal nutrient loading and invasive bigheaded carps. Like similarly neglected large river systems worldwide, the Wabash River has a surprising amount of ecological resilience and recovery. For instance, of the 151 native fish species found in the 1800s, only three species have experienced local extinctions, making the modern assemblage more intact than many comparable rivers in the Mississippi River basin. However, not all the changes are positive or support the idea of recovery. Primary production underpins the productivity of these ecosystems, and the Wabash River phytoplankton assemblages shifted from high-quality green algae in the 1970s to lower less nutritional blue-green algae as nutrient and invasive species have recently increased. Our recommendations for the Wabash River and other altered rivers include the restoration of natural hydrology for the mainstem and tributaries, nutrient reductions, mechanisms to restore historical hydrologic patterns, additional sediment controls, and improved local hydraulics.
Simulation Training Incorporating a Pulsatile Carotid Endarterectomy Model Results in Increased Procedure-Specific Knowledge, Confidence, and Comfort in Post-graduate Trainees.

Objectives Surgical simulation has been used to facilitate the acquisition of vascular surgery skills. However, high cost and limited availability may restrict the use of this educational resource. We report how instruction using a low-cost, pulsatile, carotid endarterectomy (CEA) benchtop surgical simulation model can be used to enhance learners’ procedure-specific knowledge, comfort, and confidence in performing the steps of a CEA procedure Design A single instructor engaged each participant in a one-on-one instructional session during which the instructor demonstrated, and then the participants performed, the steps of a CEA. Participants completed a pre- and postintervention assessment of knowledge and attitudes about preforming a CEA and use of simulation as a learning tool. Postintervention, participants rated the impact of the simulation model on their learning. A Related T-test and Wilcoxin signed Rank Test were used to compare pre- and postintervention results. Settings University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia. Participants Seventeen postgraduate trainees. Results A significant difference was observed in pre- and postknowledge scores (48% vs 91% correct, p Conclusions A low-cost, pulsatile CEA simulation model used as an educational tool increased procedure-specific knowledge, comfort, and confidence among trainees. Learner's increased confidence and affirmation that they are likely to apply the learned skills in a clinical setting support the use of this educational approach to impact trainee behaviors.
COVID-19 as a Stressor: Pandemic Expectations, Perceived Stress, and Negative Affect in Older Adults.

Objectives The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic is appraised as a stressor influences perceived stress (PS) and psychological well-being during the event. Here, the association of older adults' expectations concerning the pandemic's duration and impact with PS and negative affect (NA) is investigated. Based on the stress and coping framework, PS is expected to mediate the association between COVID-19 expectations and NA. Methods Seven hundred fourteen residents of the United States and aged 60 and older completed an anonymous online survey in late March 2020 reporting PS, NA, and expectations regarding the pandemic. Results Regression analyses controlling for demographic factors revealed that more dire pandemic expectations significantly predicted PS and NA directly, and the effects on NA were significantly mediated by PS. Discussion Findings provide evidence that expectations about a pandemic influence the extent to which older adults experience stress and NA in the midst of a pandemic event. Implications for mental health are discussed.
The obscurity of the physical: an objection to Chalmers’ conceivability argument

A zombie world is a possible world in which all the microphysical truths are identical to the truths in our world, but no one is phenomenally conscious. A zombie is an individual in a possible world whose microphysical truths are identical to the microphysical truths of an individual in our world, but who has none of the phenomenal conscious experiences of the individual in our world. An inverted is an individual in a possible world whose microphysical truths are not only identical to the microphysical truths of an individual in our world, but who also has phenomenal conscious experiences. These experiences, however, are qualitatively different from the ones of the individual in our world. The first premise of Chalmers’ conceivability argument against materialism is that a zombie world, a zombie and an inverted are ideally conceivable. This paper rejects this premise in claiming that: given that current physics does not allow philosophers to establish a clear concept of the physical that could be opposed to something else non-physical, a zombie world, a zombie and an inverted are merely prima facie, but not ideally conceivable. This objection is called the Obscurity of the Physical Objection. Key-words: Zombies, qualia, conceivability, possibility, physics.
Mitral regurgitation following PASCAL mitral valve repair system: A single arm meta-analysis.

Abstract Major consequences of untreated severe mitral regurgitation (MR) includes heart failure, ventricular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension leading to significant morbidity and mortality. MitraClip is the most widely used device for treatment of severe MR. To overcome some of the shortcomings of MitraClip, novel devices like PASCAL mitral valve repair system are developed. We performed a single arm meta-analysis for patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) undergoing PASCAL mitral valve repair system. The results showed that 93.8% patients had reduction in MR grade, with an average operative time of 88 min and an average increase of 86.33 m in 6-min walk test.
SIMULADOR DE PALPAÇÃO RETAL

Devido a questoes eticas e morais no uso de animais para o ensino, foi construido o simulador de palpacao retal visando promover um treinamento pratico complementar e favorecer o bem•estar animal. Foram confeccionados coxais de gesso e um bau em MDF para acomodar os coxais e pecas frescas de reprodutor feminino de vaca adquiridas em abatedouros. O simulador foi utilizado em aulas praticas de Anatomia Veterinaria e Andrologia, resultando em avaliacoes positivas por parte dos alunos, exaltando o auxilio na formacao dos estudantes, a melhora no bem•estar animal e o beneficio na didatica dos professores durante as aulas.
Microglia as the Critical Regulators of Neuroprotection and Functional Recovery in Cerebral Ischemia

Microglial activation is considered as the critical pathogenic event in diverse central nervous system disorders including cerebral ischemia. Proinflammatory responses of activated microglia have been well reported in the ischemic brain and neuroinflammatory responses of activated microglia have been believed to be the potential therapeutic strategy. However, despite having proinflammatory roles, microglia can have significant anti-inflammatory roles and they are associated with the production of growth factors which are responsible for neuroprotection and recovery after ischemic injury. Microglia can directly promote neuroprotection by preventing ischemic infarct expansion and promoting functional outcomes. Indirectly, microglia are involved in promoting anti-inflammatory responses, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis in the ischemic brain which are crucial pathophysiological events for ischemic recovery. In fact, anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors produced by microglia can promote neuroprotection and attenuate neurobehavioral deficits. In addition, microglia regulate phagocytosis, axonal regeneration, blood–brain barrier protection, white matter integrity, and synaptic remodeling, which are essential for ischemic recovery. Microglia can also regulate crosstalk with neurons and other cell types to promote neuroprotection and ischemic recovery. This review mainly focuses on the roles of microglia in neuroprotection and recovery following ischemic injury. Furthermore, this review also sheds the light on the therapeutic potential of microglia in stroke patients.
Aerobic and Anaerobic Work Efficiency

Abstract Oxygen consumption was determined for seven subjects who rode a bicycle ergometer at 60 rpm under three different pace conditions. The first condition involved a steady pace with a work load of 200 watts/minute. The second consisted of a light-heavy pace in which the work load was made heavier every two minutes. The subjects worked at 100 watts for the first two minutes, 200 watts for the next two minutes, and 300 watts for the last two minutes. The third condition was a heavy-light pace which was an exact opposite of the second condition. The total time taken for each exercise condition was six minutes. Net oxygen consumption was measured for each of the three conditions. The steady pace was found to be significantly more efficient.
Photolysis of the Photosensitizers Bithionol and Fentichlor

Antiseptic preparations containing bithionol (BT, 2,2′-thiobis(4,6-dichlorophenol)) and fentichlor (FT, 2,2′-thiobis(4-chlorophenol)) have been reported to cause contact photoallergy1,2, a delayed hypersensitivity response involving the photochemical covalent binding of the photoallergen to skin proteins3. Although it has been previously suggested that free-radicals are involved in photoallergy, there are relatively few studies concerning the free-radical photochemistry of BT and FT. In this report we present a detailed description of the photochemical pathways of these two compounds as studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Short-lived photoproducts were studied by reaction with spin-trapping agents to form relatively stable nitroxides (spin adducts) which can be detected by conventional ESR.
High-Avidity CTL Exploit Two Complementary Mechanisms to Provide Better Protection Against Viral Infection Than Low-Avidity CTL

Previously, we observed that high-avidity CTL are much more effective in vivo than low-avidity CTL in elimination of infected cells, but the mechanisms behind their superior activity remained unclear. In this study, we identify two complementary mechanisms: 1) high-avidity CTL lyse infected cells earlier in the course of a viral infection by recognizing lower Ag densities than those distinguished by low-avidity CTL and 2) they initiate lysis of target cells more rapidly at any given Ag density. Alternative mechanisms were excluded, including: 1) the possibility that low-avidity CTL might control virus given more time (virus levels remained as high at 6 days following transfer as at 3 days) and 2) that differences in efficacy might be correlated with homing ability. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of high- and low-avidity CTL into SCID mice demonstrated that transfer of a 10-fold greater amount of low-avidity CTL could only partially compensate for their decreased ability to eliminate infected cells. Thus, we conclude that high-avidity CTL exploit two complementary mechanisms that combine to prevent the spread of virus within the animal: earlier recognition of infected cells when little viral protein has been made and more rapid lysis of infected cells.
Effect of Temperature on Growth, Respiration, and Nutrient Regeneration by an Omnivorous Microflagellate

The effect of temperature on the rates and extent of carbon and nitrogen cycling by the heterotrophic microflagellate Paraphysomonas imperforata (diameter, 7 to 12 μm) fed with the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum was investigated over an ecologically pertinent temperature range (14 to 26°C). All physiological rates investigated increased with increasing temperature. Q10 values were similar for all rate changes and were comparable to those which have been reported for other protozoa. In contrast to all rates, microflagellate gross growth efficiency and cell volume were unaffected by temperature. Decreases in the concentrations of particulate carbon and particulate nitrogen from grazed diatom cultures also were similar when summed over the entire growth phase of the microflagellate population. Therefore, the proportions of ingested carbon and nitrogen which were incorporated or remineralized by the microflagellate were independent of temperature between 14 and 26°C. At temperatures above 18°C, growth rates of P. imperforata were greater than the maximum growth rates reported for most phytoplankton. We conclude that the impact of P. imperforata on natural phytoplankton communities is not controlled by temperature above 18°C but may be affected by the rate at which zooplankton or microzooplankton prey on the microflagellate, as well as the inability of the microflagellate to graze efficiently when phytoplankton are present at low cell densities.
Uptake of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate in isolated rat liver mitochondria is carrier-mediated.

We have characterized the uptake of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate into isolated rat liver mitochondria. Uptake of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and folic acid was linear for the first 2 min of incubation. 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate and 5-formyltetrahydrofolate were accumulated in mitochondria to 3.7- and 4.3-fold, respectively. 5-Formyltetrahydrofolate transport showed a pH optimum at 5.5 and was saturable with an apparent Km = 2.80 mumol.L-1 and Vmax = 3.49 pmol.min-1.mg protein-1. Uptake of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate was inhibited by the structural analog 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and, to a much lesser extent, folic acid and methotrexate. Uptake was not inhibited by various substrates of known mitochondrial transporters, e.g., succinate, malate, citrate, glutamate and phosphate, nor was uptake inhibited by the sulfhydryl reagent, N-ethylmaleimide. Uptake was not stimulated by preloading of mitochondria with malate or aspartate. Uptake of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate was not affected by the proton ionophore carbonyl cyanide 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-hydrazone nor by collapsing the electrical gradient with valinomycin. These results indicate that 5-formyltetrahydrofolate uptake into mitochondria via a carrier-mediated system specific for the reduced, naturally occurring folates. The folates, once in the mitochondria, may be converted to the polyglutamylated forms, which will not readily diffuse out of the mitochondria.
Social Support and Coronary Heart Disease Underlying Psychological and Biological Mechanisms

Social support has been prospectively associated with mortality and implicated in the etiology of coronary heart disease (CHD; see reviews by Berkman, 1985; Broadhead et al., 1983; Cohen, 1988; House, Landis, & Umberson, 1988; Wallston, Alagna, DeVellis, & DeVellis, 1983). Although there has been a tremendous effort to establish a relation between support and CHD, relatively little work has focused on how social support influences CHD pathogenesis. We feel that differentiation between conceptions of social support and specification of pathways through which each type of support influences CHD are requisite for understanding the role of support in the prevention of disease. In service of this goal, we review studies of the role of social support in the etiology of CHD, suggest some distinctions in social support based on existing research, argue for functionally distinct stages of CHD pathogenesis, and propose a series of psychological and biological models linking different conceptualizations of social support to CHD. Our discussion is limited to the etiology of disease (onset and progression, but not recovery) and focuses on disease end points (morbidity and mortality) rather than illness behaviors such as symptom reporting and use of medical services.
Restoration optimization with distributed generation considering islanding

Power system analysis software for distribution systems has often assumed one power source, which requires that the system stay interconnected during restoration. With the advent of more distributed resources, many distribution systems the penetration of distribution generators. With the inclusion of multiple generators it is possible to reconfigure a system in separate islands after outages or cascading faults. This paper discusses an approach to develop an optimization formulation that includes both distributed generation and islanding as a restoration solution.
Receding horizon: an easy way to improve performance in LPV systems

During the past few years the problem of stabilising a linear parameter varying (LPV) system, while, at the same time, optimising some measure of performance has been the object of increasing attention. In contrast to the case of linear systems where several optimal synthesis techniques (such as /spl Hscr//sub /spl infin//, /spl Hscr//sub 2/ and l/sup 1/) are well established, the counterparts for LPV systems are just starting to emerge. Moreover, at the present time, only sufficient conditions for performance are available, thus leading to potentially conservative designs. In this paper we propose a simple way to improve performance by combining the LMI-based tools currently available with receding horizon techniques.
Small-cell carcinoma of the endometrium: Light microscopic and ultrastructural study of a case

A primary malignant tumor of the endometrium with light microscopic features reminiscent of small-cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung developed in a 60-year-old woman. Electron microscopy revealed cytoplasmic neurosecretory-type granules and complex junctions, consistent with a “neuroendocrine” tumor. The histogenetic possibilities are discussed.
The Mammalian Toxicity of Methacrylonitrile

Abstract Single-dose rabbit dermal and rat intragastric studies indicate that methacrylonitrile is highly toxic by both routes. The LG50 values for single four-hour inhalation periods varied from 700 ppm of the vapor for female rats to 36 ppm for male mice. Methacrylonitrile formed cyanide ion in the blood of rats and rabbits and its effects were diminished by the standard therapy for cyanide intoxication. Human sensory response studies showed that the vapor has very poor warning properties. The response of rats and dogs to repeated 7-hour exposures of methacrylonitrile vapor for 91 and 90 days respectively, suggest that humans should not be allowed to inhale more than three ppm vapor for eight hours per day, five days per week. It should be emphasized that this “Hygienic Standard,” is an estimate based on experimental data and therefore is subject to modification as data are gathered on human experience.
A coactivator code for transcription.

Abstract The study of the covalent modifications of the N-terminal tails of histones and their effects on chromatin structure and function, known as ‘the histone code', is proceeding at a rapid pace. Recent work by several groups suggests that coactivators, such as p300/CBP, are also controlled by an array of various covalent modifications. This suggests the existence of a ‘coactivator code' for p300/CBP and other seemingly promiscuous coregulators. Such a code could have wide-reaching implications for conferring specificity to general, ubiquitous transcriptional regulatory factors.