cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The relationship between family history, gender role attitudes, and susceptibility to gender inequitable perceptions of family and family member functioning

This research examined how family roles, gender of family leadership, beliefs about the consequences of maternal employment, and family history of parental division of responsibility related to young adults' perceptions of family and individual family member functioning. One hundred seven (107), predominantly Anglo American undergraduate students completing courses in educational psychology at a large midwestern university rated two videotaped family interviews. One interview demonstrated a matriarchal style of family interaction and the second demonstrated a patriarchal style. It was found in perceptions of family functioning that a personal family history characterized by elevated paternal involvement in family tasks and child care in combination with traditional gender-related attitudes was associated with views favoring male family leadership. In ratings of individual family member functioning, it was found that individuals whose family history was characterized by elevated paternal involvement and whose gender attitudes were more traditional held more favorable views of the matriarchal mother than the mother in the patriarchal interview in comparison to adults whose fathers were less involved and whose attitudes were less traditional regarding gender roles. It was also found that individuals whose family history was characterized by elevated paternal involvement and whose gender attitudes were more traditional held more favorable views of the father in the patriarchal interview than the matriarchal father in comparison to adults whose fathers were less involved and whose attitudes were less traditional regarding gender roles. These findings suggest that adults may be vulnerable to biased views of families and individuals within family settings related to gender roles, personal history, and attitudes.
Hypersensitivity of ataxia telangiectasia skin fibroblasts to DNA alkylating agents

3 ataxia telangiectasia (AT) fibroblast cell strains, AT4Bi, AT5BI and AT2BE (CRL1343) were studied for their colony-forming ability after treatment with various concentrations of 4 different DNA alkylating agents. The results were compared to the response of fibroblast strains from 3 normal individuals. None of the AT strains were abnormally sensitive to N-methyl-N′-nitrosoguanidine. 1 strain (AT5BI) was significantly more sensitive to treatment with methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) based on a survival curve D0 value of 0.29 mM vs. the normal average D0 of 0.38 mM (Ps 0.02) and a D10 value of 0.85 mM v. the normal average D10 of 1.2 mM (P<0.025). Strain AT4BI was also significantly more sensitive to MMS treatment when D10 values were compared (0.73 mM, P<0.01). All 3 At cell strains were significantly more sensitive to treatment with ethyl methanesulfonate when D10 values were the criterion of sensitivity, AT4BI 16 mM, AT5BI 13 mM and AT2BE 15 mM vs. the normal human fibroblast average D10 value of 28 mM (P<0.01 for all 3 AT strains). 2 of the 3 AT cell strains (AT4BI and AT2BE) were abnormally sensitive to treatment with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide; the D0 values were 0.045 μM and 0.05 μ, respectively, vs. the normal average D0 value of 0.11 μM (P<0.01 for both AT strains). The corresponding D10 values were 0.08 μM and 0.11 μM, respectively, vs. the normal average D10 value of 0.27 μM (P<0.01 for AT4BI and P<0.025 for AT2BE). These results indicate that there is a heterogeneity in the response of AT fibroblast cell strains to treatment with DNA alkylating agents, except possibly in the case of ethylating compounds.
In Vitro Effects of Hydroquinone, Benzoquinone, and Doxorubicin on Mouse and Human Bone Marrow Cells at Physiological Oxygen Partial Pressure

A comparative study was undertaken in order to assess the hematotoxic effects of hydroquinone (HQ), 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ), and doxorubicin (DX) on mouse and human bone marrow (BM) cells. Initial experiments indicated that the inhibitory effects of near-ambient pO2 and HQ on granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-induced colony formation were additive. Thus, subsequent experiments were done under conditions of continuous toxicant exposure in complete medium at physiological temperature and O2 partial pressure. Viability was measured 24 hr after exposure, and at the concentrations tested, HQ was less cytotoxic than BQ. DX did not exhibit significant cytotoxicity at the concentrations used. Both HQ and BQ were slightly more cytotoxic to mouse BM cells than to human BM cells. Dose-response analyses of HQ, BQ, or DX inhibition of GM-CSF-induced proliferative and colony-forming responses indicated that murine GM progenitors were significantly less sensitive to HQ than to the majority of myeloid BM cells that proliferated in response to GM-CSF. This preferential resistance of GM progenitors to HQ was not observed when human BM cells were used. HQ was somewhat more inhibitory to human than to mouse GM-CSF responses. Inhibition of GM-CSF-induced responses by BQ correlated closely with cytotoxicity, and DX was 1000-fold more inhibitory to GM-CSF-induced proliferative and colony-forming responses than either HQ or BQ. Again, DX appeared to be slightly more inhibitory to human BM cells than to mouse BM cells. Purified human hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) were also used in the dose-response analyses of HQ, BQ, or DX inhibition of GM-CSF-induced proliferative and colony-forming responses. Inhibition of GM-CSF-induced HPC responses by HQ, BQ, and DX was very similar to that obtained when BM mononuclear cells were used, suggesting that the human HPC is a target for the direct effects of HQ, BQ, and DX.
Layered Open Pore Poly(l-lactic acid) Nanomorphology

This paper reports on specific open and interconnected CO2 foams of poly(l-lactic acid). The effect of varying gas concentration and hence physical changes induced by CO2 has been investigated and thus used to generate specific structures. The developed morphologies have a skin core structure with larger pores in the core and open and interconnected smaller pores in the skin.
Computational models for crystal growth of radiation detector materials: growth of czt by the edg method

Crystals are the central materials element of most gamma radiation detection systems, yet there remains surprisingly little fundamental understanding about how these crystals grow, how growth conditions affect crystal properties, and, ultimately, how detector performance is affected. Without this understanding, the prospect for significant materials improvement, i.e., growing larger crystals with superior quality and at a lower cost, remains a difficult and expensive exercise involving exhaustive trial-and-error experimentation in the laboratory. Thus, the overall goal of this research is to develop and apply computational modeling to better understand the processes used to grow bulk crystals employed in radiation detectors. Specifically, the work discussed here aims at understanding the growth of cadmium zinc telluride (CZT), a material of long interest to the detector community. We consider the growth of CZT via gradient freeze processes in electrodynamic multizone furnaces and show how crucible mounting and design are predicted to affect conditions for crystal growth.
Relation between mixed venous oxygen tension and pulmonary vascular tone during normoxic, hyperoxic and hypoxic ventilation in dogs

To evaluate the relation between the oxygen tension of pulmonary arterial blood (PvO 2 ) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), an extracorporeal circuit was used to vary the PvO 2 of blood perfusing the left lung in 3 groups of open-chest dogs mechanically ventilated with an inspired fraction of oxygen of 0.35 (group I), 0.21 (group II), or 0.10 (group III). Left lung pulmonary blood flow, left atrial pressure and perfusate, and systemic pH and PCO 2 did not change significantly as PvO 2 was varied over a range of 11 to 52 mm Hg in groups I and II. There was no correlation between decreases in PvO 2 and the percent change in left lung PVR compared with baseline (PvO 2 approximately 40 mm Hg) in group I (r = 0.12, difference not significant). In contrast, there was a significant correlation between decreases in PvO 2 and the percent change from baseline in PVR in group II (r = −0.50, p 2 ) decreased significantly when PvO 2 was at its lowest in group II (p 2 0.05). Both groups I and II had a significant pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to hypoxic ventilation, indicating that vasoreactivity was preserved in this model. The increase in PVR with hypoxia was significantly blunted in dogs perfused with blood that had a high PvO 2 (41 ± 12.4 mm Hg, group IIIa) compared with dogs perfused with blood that had a low PvO 2 (25 ± 6 mm Hg, group IIIb), despite comparable values for PAO 2 . Our observations suggest that PAO 2 and PvO 2 both exert direct effects on pulmonary vascular tone and that the relative influence of PvO 2 is dependent on the alveolar oxygen tension.
Water projects design with inadequate data: Madrid, Spain June 4”9, 1973

The Symposium on the Design of Water Resources Projects with Inadequate Data drew 300 participants, representing more than 60 countries. The symposium was planned within the framework of the International Hydrological Decade and was convened by Unesco and WMO. Organization of the symposium was carried out by Unesco and the Spanish National Committee for the IHD in cooperation with WMO and the IAHS. These organizations are to be commended for their efforts toward ensuring the success of the symposium. The efforts of the Spanish National Committee, which handled the many local arrangements, are especially appreciated.
Transported Stallion Semen and Breeding Mares with Cooled or Frozen-Thawed Semen

Horse owners worldwide now request that their mares be bred with cooled or frozen-thawed transported semen, owing to the advantages of avoiding mare transport (often with a foal by her side), decreasing disease transmission between farms, and most importantly, the accessibility to a wider genetic pool. This has become commonplace practice as many breed registries now allow the use of transported semen for producing foals worthy of registration. However, problems arise as optimal steps for both semen handling and preparation, as well as for mare breeding management, are not practiced. Therefore, the objective of this manuscript is to provide veterinary practitioners with an overview about optimal management techniques related to both handling semen and mare management for attaining successful results. Common problems and dilemmas encountered will be also discussed and emerging research introduced. Whereas appropriate protocols for handling and preparing semen for cooled-transport will be presented with some detail, it is beyond the scope of this paper to discuss stallion semen cryopreservation, which typically requires extensive equipment investment and expertise and is usually done at referral and specialized centers. This text assumes that the equine veterinary practitioner already has some basic skills in regards to stallion semen collection and evaluation, as well as in performing examination of the mare via transrectal palpation and ultrasonography for breeding management purposes.
What Constitutes a Theoretical Contribution

The article focuses on the development of a theory. A discussion is presented about steps involved in developing a theory, such as seeing which factors logically should be considered as part of the explanation of the social or individual phenomena of interest. The authors assert that authors developing theories are considering these factors, they should err in favor of including too many factors, recognizing that over time their ideas will be refined. The article presents information about the importance of sensitivity to the competing virtues of parsimony and comprehensiveness.
Cerebral tolerance to hypoxemia in asphyxiated weddell seals

Abstract Adult and immature Weddell seals Leptonychotes weddelli were used in experiments performed in a field laboratory at McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. The electrical activity of the brain, eye movements, muscle tonus, heart rate and respiratory efforts were monitored continuously during experimental asphyxia and nitrogen breathing. The change in EEG signals from resting alpha and low voltage fast activity to high voltage slow waves was taken as a sign of incipient brain tissue metabolic impairment. Samples of carotid blood were drawn through an indwelling catheter for analysis of PaO2, PaCO2, and pH. EEG slowing was seen in all animals when arterial oxygen tension was reduced below 10 mm Hg. Changes in PaCO2 and pH had relatively little influence on this endpoint. The results suggest that Weddell seals have greater cerebral tolerance for low oxygen than terrestrial species for which data is available.
Evaluating the effectiveness of augmented reality displays for a manual assembly task

The focus of this research was to examine how effectively augmented reality displays, generated with a wearable computer, could be used for aiding an operator performing a manual assembly task. Fifteen subjects were asked to assemble a computer motherboard using four types of instructional media: paper manual, computer-aided, opaque augmented reality display, and see-through augmented reality display. The time of assembly and assembly errors were measured for each type of instructional media, and a questionnaire focusing on usability was administered to each subject at the end of each condition. The results of the experiment indicated that the augmented reality conditions were more effective instructional aids for the assembly task than either the paper instruction manual or the computer-aided instruction. The see-through augmented reality display resulted in the fastest assembly times, followed by the opaque augmented reality display, the computer-aided instruction, and the paper instructions respectively. In addition, subjects made fewer errors using the augmented reality conditions compared to the computer-aided and paper instructional media. However, while the two augmented reality conditions were a more effective instructional media when time for assembly was the response measure, there were still some important usability issues associated with the augmented reality technology that were not present in the non-augmented reality conditions.
Data Intensive Mobile Sensornets: Killer Applications and Grand Deterrents

Data Intensive Mobile Sensor Networks (DIMSNs) introduce a promising but still under-utilized technology. Meanwhile, there is a growing confidence that certain applications (Killer Apps) have a potential to create a sustained market for this technology. For example, a large team of cooperative mobile robots can be considered as a wireless sensornet composed of a number of mobile nodes most of which are powerconstrained. Such mobile robots can be deployed in conjunction with stationary sensor nodes to acquire and process data for surveillance and tracking, environmental monitoring for highly sensitive areas, or execute search and rescue operations. This example illustrates conceptual attractiveness of the DIMSN systems that generates interesting and appealing research challenges (e.g., intelligent mobile agents, semantically enriched and contextaware wireless services, smart network monitoring infrastructures). However, while providing excellent funding opportunities, those challenges often underestimate the GRAND DETERRENTS that make moves towards practical data-intensive mobile sensornets extremely difficult.
Heat transfer in a growing vapor film

Es wird das Wachstum eines Dampffilms auf einer plotzlich erhitzten ebenen Flache studiert. Der Effekt der Warmestrahlung wird untersucht, und es zeigt sich, dass er von Bedeutung ist. In abwesenheit der Strahlung zeigt es sich, dass der Film mit der Quadratwurzel der Zeit zunimmt.
L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine metabolism by the gut in vitro.

Abstract The metabolism of L -3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine ( L -dopa) by rat gastric and intestinal mucosa was studied by incubating everted sacs with 14 C- L -dopa, 10 −4 M. Metabolites in the tissue and in the mucosal and serosal fluids were separated by ionexchange chromatography and the radioactivity was determined by liquid scintillation counting. The data on the metabolites, expressed as per cent of the total radioactivity of the respective compartments, were 20.1 ± 1.4 per cent for the mucosal fluid, 41.8 ± 2.4 per cent for the tissue, and 65.3 ± 1.6 per cent for the serosal fluids of the stomach preparation. Values for the metabolites from the intestines were 39.6 ± 1.1, 31.0 ± 1.2, and 46.1 ± 1.8 per cent for mucosal, tissue, and serosal fluids respectively. The metabolites in order of decreasing concentration were phenylcarboxylic acids, dopamine, and other catecholamines in both stomach and intestines. There was significant inhibition of metabolism when 14 C- L -dopa was incubated with tissues from rats pretreated with a decarboxylase inhibitor, α-methyl hydrazine (MK 485). The presence of boiled tissue was shown to inhibit the auto-oxidation of L -dopa ordinarily seen at neutral pH under conditions of oxygenation and incubation at 37°. The drug-metabolizing capacity of the gut could theoretically decrease serum concentrations of an affected drug, produce metabolites capable of inducing local or systemic toxicity, enhance or block absorption of a second drug, sensitize the gut to other substances, or produce morphologic changes in the gut.
Mutagenicity testing with Salmonella typhimurium strains. I. Unusual phenotypes of the tester strains

Abstract Some of the Salmonella typhimurium strains in mutagenesis testing are atypical. Unlike the wild S. typhimurium these do not produce H2S, are not agglutinated by S. typhimurium typing sera and on fermentation of carbohydrates they do not produce gas. Thus these tester strains cannot readily be identified as S. typhimurium by standard laboratory procedures. This may cause a problem in the differentiation of tester strains from bacterial contaminants. The possibility exists that these phenotypic traits may affect the response of the strains to mutagens.
Arabinose C protein: regulation of the arabinose operon in vitro.

The detection of the gene ara C protein using a DNA-dependent in vitro protein synthesizing system represents the first isolation of an operon specific positive regulator with an in vivo role that has been genetically defined.
Framework for mining community consultation based on discrete choice theory

The significance of local community acceptance to the success of a mine cannot be over-stated. Project sustainability has implications for local community acceptance as the development and operation of a mine can be viewed as a development intervention with concrete social, economic and environmental impacts. Although, some work has been done to understand these relationships, very little has been done to quantitatively model the relationship between project sustainability and community preferences. This paper presents a framework for quantitative community consultation for mining projects based on discrete choice theory. The paper establishes the most appropriate choice model and uses a review of the literature to select key determinants of mining community acceptance. Recommendations are made for future research to implement the proposed framework. This framework will allow engineers and regulators to better evaluate community input.
Energy and quality aware query processing in wireless sensor database systems

Query processing has been studied extensively in traditional database systems. However, few existing methods can be directly applied to wireless sensor database systems (WSDSs) due to their characteristics, such as decentralized nature, limited computational power, imperfect information recorded, and energy scarcity in individual sensor nodes. This paper proposes a quality-guaranteed and energy-efficient (QGEE) algorithm. QGEE utilizes in-network query processing method to task WSDSs through declarative queries, and confidence interval strategy to determine the accuracy of query answers. In QGEE, the correlation between a query and a node is calculated by vector space model (VSM), and a query correlation indicator (QCI) is designed to quantify the priority of becoming active for individual nodes. Given a query, the QGEE algorithm will adaptively form an optimal query plan in terms of energy efficiency and quality awareness. This approach can reduce disturbance from measurements with extreme error and minimize energy consumption, while providing satisfying service for various applications. Simulation results demonstrate that QGEE can reduce resource usage by about 50% and frame loss rate by about 20%. Moreover, the confidence of query answers is always higher than, or equal to, the users' pre-specified precision.
Social Networking Sites

In this bimonthly series, the author examines how nurse educators can use the Internet and Web-based computer technologies such as search, communication, and collaborative writing tools, social networking and social bookmarking sites, virtual worlds, and Web-based teaching and learning programs. This article describes social networking Web sites and techniques to increase their safe use.
Experimental force response of a grooved squeeze film damper

Abstract The effects of a circumferential feeding groove on the dynamic force response of a squeeze film damper are determined experimentally. Open end and sealed damper configurations are tested for different groove depths, Journal orbit radii, whirl frequency and fluid viscosity conditions. Significant levels of dynamic pressures are measured at the groove in dampers with groove depth-to-clearance ratios equal to 5 and 10. These pressures affect considerably the dynamic forces of the dampers tested. Large tangential (damping) forces are produced at the circumferential groove which contribute significantly to the damping characteristics of the test articles. For uncavitated lubricant conditions, radial forces of substantial magnitude are determined at the groove and at the thin film land where the squeeze film Reynolds numbers are typically less than 1.
Predictive Validity of Callous-Unemotional Traits Measured in Early Adolescence With Respect to Multiple Antisocial Outcomes

This study investigated the predictive validity of youth callous-unemotional (CU) traits, as measured in early adolescence (Grade 7) by the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD; Frick & Hare, 2001), in a longitudinal sample (N = 754). Antisocial outcomes, assessed in adolescence and early adulthood, included self-reported general delinquency from 7th grade through 2 years post-high school, self-reported serious crimes through 2 years post-high school, juvenile and adult arrest records through 1 year post-high school, and antisocial personality disorder symptoms and diagnosis at 2 years post-high school. CU traits measured in 7th grade were highly predictive of 5 of the 6 antisocial outcomes-general delinquency, juvenile and adult arrests, and early adult antisocial personality disorder criterion count and diagnosis-over and above prior and concurrent conduct problem behavior (i.e., criterion counts of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (criterion count). Incorporating a CU traits specifier for those with a diagnosis of conduct disorder improved the positive prediction of antisocial outcomes, with a very low false-positive rate. There was minimal evidence of moderation by sex, race, or urban/rural status. Urban/rural status moderated one finding, with being from an urban area associated with stronger relations between CU traits and adult arrests. Findings clearly support the inclusion of CU traits as a specifier for the diagnosis of conduct disorder, at least with respect to predictive validity.
Free-streaming radiation in cosmological models with spatial curvature

The effects of spatial curvature on radiation anisotropy are examined for the standard Friedmann-Robertson-Walker model universes. The effect of curvature is found to be very important when considering fluctuations with wavelengths comparable to the horizon. It is concluded that the behavior of radiation fluctuations in models with spatial curvature is quite different from that in spatially flat models, and that models with negative curvature are most strikingly different. It is therefore necessary to take the curvature into account in careful studies of the anisotropy of the microwave background.
Participative Management and Job Satisfaction: Lessons for Management Leadership

Researchers and practitioners in both the public and private sectors agree that participative management improves employees' job satisfaction. Public agencies have also turned to strategic planning to enhance government performance and accountability. This study explores the relationship between participative management in the context of the strategic planning and job satisfaction in local government agencies. The results of multiple regression analysis show that managers' use of a participative management style and employees' perceptions of participative strategic planning processes are positively associated with high levels of job satisfaction. The study also finds that effective supervisory communications in the context of the strategic planning process are positively associated with high levels of job satisfaction. The study suggests that participative management that incorporates effective supervisory communications can enhance employees' job satisfaction. In this regard, organizational leaders in the public sector should emphasize changing organizational culture from the traditional pattern of hierarchical structure to participative management and empowerment.
Synthesis of tritiated senecioyl dehydroretronecine, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid pyrrole

Tritiated mono- and disenecioyl dehydroretronecine (3,3-dimethyl-acrylic acid esters of 1-hydroxymethyl-7β-hydroxy-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolizine) (IV and V) were prepared by acylation of 9-H3-dehydroretronecine (1-hydroxymethyl-7β-hydroxy-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolizine (III)). The synthesis of dehydroretronecine involved a new, higher yield method for preparing retronecinal (1-formyl-7β-hydroxy-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolizine) (II) using pyrolitically prepared activated MnO2.
Doctor-patient relationship as motivation and outcome: examining uses of an Interactive Cancer Communication System.

Abstract Objective To examine how the pre-existing doctor–patient relationship predicts conceptually distinct service use within an Interactive Cancer Communication System (ICCS) for underserved women with breast cancer and in turn how service utilization influences the doctor–patient relationship. Methods Study sample included 231 recently diagnosed, lower income breast cancer patients. Participants were provided a free computer, Internet access and training in how to use an ICCS called the Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System (CHESS) “Living with Breast Cancer” program. Survey data was collected at pre-test and 4-months after using the system, and use data about how women used the system was also collected. Results The only statistically significant predictor of service use was that patients with a more negative appraisal about the doctor–patient relationship used the Ask an Expert service more frequently, and there were trends toward a more negative appraisal of the doctor–patient relationship being associated with higher use of Information and Interactive services. Conversely, there was a trend toward a more positive appraisal predicting higher use of the Discussion Group service. In terms of statistically significant effects, more frequent utilization of Information services was associated with a more positive appraisal of the doctor relationship. Conclusion While a more negative perception of the doctor–patient relationships at pre-test was associated with higher use of most of the conceptually distinct services within this ICCS, use of the Information services was associated with having a more positive appraisal of the doctor–patient relationship at post-test suggesting that high-quality information on the Internet can serve to improve patients’ satisfaction with their doctor.
Connexin 40 expression in bovine and rat retinas.

Retinal neurons are extensively coupled through gap junction intercellular channels, but few connexin subtypes have been identified in mammalian retinal neurons. Based on previous findings that retinal gap junctional coupling is modulated by both dopamine and nitric oxide, presumably through connexin phosphorylation, we examined whether the connexin phosphoprotein subtype, connexin 40 (Cx40), was expressed in mammalian retinas. Immunostaining of rat and bovine retinas using Cx40-specific antibodies from two independent sources showed punctate staining between cells in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and a sublayer of cells within the inner nuclear layer (INL). In addition, sparse punctate staining was detected in the ganglion cell/axon fiber layers (GCL/AFL). No punctate staining was observed in the outer (OS) or inner segment (IS) layers, and rarely in the outer plexiform layer (OPL) or inner plexiform layer (IPL). Double immunostaining of bovine retinas with antibodies to Go, which stains bipolar cells, and to Cx40, showed little overlap, suggesting these bipolar cells do not express Cx40. Western blot analysis of alkaline-extracted bovine retinal membranes revealed Cx40 immunopositive bands of about 40 kD (monomer) and 80 kD (dimer). In both locations (monomer and dimer), the bands appeared as doublets, and their immunoreactivity was abolished when the antibody was pre-adsorbed with immunogenic Cx40 peptide. The doublet at 40 kD co-migrated with an immunopositive doublet present in heart membranes. Treatment with alkaline phosphatase altered the banding pattern of Cx40. The results suggest that the connexin phosphoprotein subtype, Cx40, is expressed within the neural layers of the mammalian retina.
The effect of college location on migration of college-educated labor

Abstract This paper investigates the impact of attending college in a state on the probability of working in the state. I use information on the set of colleges students applied to as a way to account for selection in college-attendance patterns. For two samples of U.S. undergraduate students, I find a modest link between attending college in a state and working in the state. The magnitude of the effect raises doubts that location-choice considerations alone can justify state merit-scholarship programs, an increasingly popular form of student financial aid.
Speckle noise removal in SAR image based on SOT structure in wavelet domain

The Spatial-orientated tree (SOT) structure plays a very important role in wavelet-based image compression. Both the Embedded Zero-tree Wavelet (EZW) and the Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT) coding schemes utilize the parent-children relationship in SOT for image compression. The SOT is a very efficient data structure to be used for investigation of spatial correlations among wavelet coefficients at different resolutions. However, to the best knowledge of the authors, the SOT has not been widely used in noise suppression or image enhancement. This paper addresses this application and presents a novel denoising algorithm that utilizes the SOT to normalize the wavelet coefficients at different resolutions and remove the signal-dependence of the speckles before applying the thresholding scheme.
Symbiotic Brain-Machine Interface decoding using simultaneous motor and reward neural representation

In this work, we design and test a framework for neural decoding in Brain-Machine Interfaces based on the Perception Action Reward Cycle (PARC). Here the neural decoder in the BMI learns to translate motor neural states in the primary motor cortex (M1) into actions based on a reward signal estimated directly from Neucleus Accumbens (NAcc). The control architecture was designed based on the Actor-Critic method of Reinforcement Learning. We tested the decoding performance by simultaneous recording the M1 and NAcc neural data in a rat during a robot-assisted reaching task. This work shows that a BMI can be trained from a naive state to perform a reaching task using motor and error feedback signals directly from the brain.
Distributed Media Transcoding Using a P2P Network of Set Top Boxes

P2P networks have traditionally been used as an enabler for distributed storage and file sharing. With consumer electronics(CE) devices becoming more complex, we can expect a P2P network of CE devices to enable sharing of other resources such as CPU cycles and memory for certain targeted applications. In this paper we present a technique which can enable a P2P network of Set Top Boxes to achieve the computationally intensive task of video transcoding and streaming to other CE devices. We show how memory and CPU cycles can be shared in an optimal way using a 0-1 knapsack formulation.
An experimental investigation of water droplet impingement on a heated wax surface

The impact of a distilled water droplet upon a heated wax surface was investigated experimentally using a high-speed digital camera. The droplet impact Weber number (We) was varied and the collision dynamics were investigated with the temperature of the wax surface varied from 20 to 75 C. For each impact We number, the evolution of the liquid film diameter was measured as a function of surface temperature. At We ¼ 27, the liquid film diameter was observed to recoil faster as the surface temperature of the wax was increased. At We ¼ 150, as the droplet recoiled, an unstable column of fluid was observed to rise above the wax surface. The instability of the fluid column at We ¼ 150 was explained using Rayleigh instability theory. At the melting point of the wax, 75 C, the droplet impacted upon a liquid surface. Over the range of impact We numbers considered, the jet formed in the molten wax pool did not result in separation of droplets from the jet. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Temperature control of laser action in scattering media

Summary form only given. Our system is comprised of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) with a nominal average molecular weight of 370,000 dissolved in deionized water. HPC is a FDA-approved, nonionic, water-soluble cellulose derivative possessing lower critical soluble temperature (LCST) in water. When a laser dye with high gain is dissolved into this system, it makes a nice random laser system where scattering length and photon diffusivity can be temperature-controlled. We used Kiton Red 620 as laser dye and pumped with 7 ns-long 532 nm laser pulse.
An automated technique for topology and route generation of application specific on-chip interconnection networks

Network-on-chip (NoC) has been proposed as a solution to the communication challenges of system-on-chip (SoC) design in nanoscale technologies. Application specific SoC design offers the opportunity for incorporating custom NoC architectures that are more suitable for a particular application, and do not necessarily conform to regular topologies. Custom NoC design in nanoscale technologies must address performance requirements, power consumption and physical layout considerations. This paper presents a novel three phase technique that i) generates a performance aware layout of the SoC, ii) maps the cores of the SoC to routers, and iii) generates a unique route for every trace that satisfies the performance and architectural constraints. We present an analysis of the quality of the results of the proposed technique by experimentation with realistic benchmarks.
Isolation and Quantification of Serum Uric Acid by Adsorption Chromatography

Established methods for determining the serum uric acid concentration are colorimetric, enzymatic, or combination of the two. An alternative method, based on the affinity of purines for polyacrylamide resin, has been developed. Uric acid, more strongly adsorbed than other major serum constituents, elutes later (with phosphate buffer, pH 7) from a polyacrylamide column. The separated serum uric acid is measured by continuously monitoring the ultraviolet absorptivity of the column effluent. Uric acid is separated satisfactorily from its metabolites, a feature useful in studies of the metabolism of radiolabeled uric acid.
Searching for the elusive correction factor between 3m and 10m radiated emission tests

The authors investigated certain physical effects that complicate the use of radiated emission test data at one test distance to predict the results at a different distance.
An application of the matrix volume in probability

Abstract Given an n-dimensional random variable X with a joint density f X (x 1 ,…,x n ) , the density of Y =h( X ) is computed as a surface integral of f X in two cases: (a) h linear, and (b) h sum of squares. The integrals use the volume of the Jacobian matrix in a change-of-variables formula.
Inhibition of growth and induction of enzyme activities in a clonal human hepatoma cell line (Li-7A): comparison of the effects of epidermal growth factor and an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody.

A cloned human hepatoma cell line (Li-7A), possessing epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors numbering in the range of 10-20 pmol/106 cells, was inhibited in its growth by EGF as well as an antagonist monoclonal antibody (MoAb) to the EGF receptor. The mode of action of the two ligands of EGF receptors appeared to be different as indicated by the following results: (1) EGF induced marked alteration in cell morphology, whereas the antibody did not; (2) cellular protein accumulated in the EGF-treated cells but not in the antibody treated cells; and (3) ectoATPase activities were greatly enhanced in Li-7A cells treated with EGF and cholera toxin but were unaffected in cells treated with antibody and cholera toxin. The last result also suggests that expression of ectoATPase activities is under the regulation of both EGF and cholera toxin. Li-7A cells provide an additional valuable experimental system for the study of EGF action, as well as the interactive effects of EGF and cholera toxin. The enrichment of the ATPase activities in the EGF-cholera toxin-treated cells can be exploited for the detailed study and isolation of these enzymes and elucidation of their physiological functions.
(In)activity-dependent alterations in resting and reflex control of splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity

The negative effects of sympathetic overactivity on long-term cardiovascular health are becoming increasingly clear. Moreover, recent work done in animal models of cardiovascular disease suggests t...
Energy-efficient memory management in virtual machine environments

Main memory is one of the primary shared resources in a virtualized environment. Current trends in supporting a large number of virtual machines increase the demand for physical memory, making energy efficient memory management more significant. Several optimizations for memory energy consumption have been recently proposed for standalone operating system environments. However, these approaches cannot be directly used in a virtual machine environment because a layer of virtualization separates hardware from the operating system and the applications executing inside a virtual machine. We first adapt existing mechanisms to run at the VMM layer, offering transparent energy optimizations to the operating systems running inside the virtual machines. Static approaches have several weaknesses and we propose a dynamic approach that is able to optimize energy consumption for currently executing virtual machines and adapt to changing virtual machine behaviors. Through detailed trace driven simulation, we show that proposed dynamic mechanisms can reduce memory energy consumption by 63.4% with only 0.6% increase in execution time as compared to a standard virtual machine environment.
Are We Going Backwards or Forwards in Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery? Three Eras of Perfusion Strategy

See related article on pages 97–103. In this issue of Seminars, Bedeir et al examine 57 minimally invasive mitral operations performed with retrograde femoral arterial cannulation between 2004 and 2012 at the Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center and compared them to 327 case-matched patients with central cannulation performed during the same 8-year period. Upon observing an elevated stroke rate in their femorally perfused patients, the authors elegantly and provocatively reactivate the once quelled debate on whether or not femoral arterial cannulation is to blame for complications in minimally invasive mitral valve surgery. The optimal cannulation strategy for minimally invasive mitral surgery has been a topic of controversy for nearly 20 years. Perhaps we might better define this debate by framing 3 separate eras in our evolution with mini right thoracotomy approaches to mitral repair and the use of retrograde femoral arterial perfusion. Era 1 was from 1996-2000 when the “heart port” technology was introduced simultaneously with a myriad of new exposure devices and instruments. Cannulae were 21-24 Fr and balloon aortic occlusion use was developed. Prescient and dedicated centers had good results but laudably identified a new series of femoral arterial complications. Era 2 arose from experience gained from 2001-2010 as wider adoption occurred with existing Era-1 perfusion technology but with limited reproducibility of results. This cannulation strategy was applied to a broad array of patient age and casetypes including redo operations. Unsatisfactory results with femoral cannulation and balloon occlusion, led several large centers to switch to central cannulation and cross-clamping with a reduction in stroke rate and retrograde dissection. Bedeir et al duly note these findings in their reference to a trends analysis of 2004-2008 data; however, this analysis of an earlier version of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons database used femoral cannulation merely as a surrogate for minimally invasive surgery, and when fibrillatory arrest was excluded from the analysis, the stroke rate was only 1.52%. Nevertheless, registry data combined with clinical experiences between 2001 and 2010, such as those experienced by Bedeir et al during the similar time frame, caused surgeons to justly pause before using femoral cannulation. Later in this similar era, it was determined that redo mitral operations performed with femoral cannulation
Mindsets shape consumer behavior

Mindsets—or implicit theories—are the beliefs people have about the nature of human characteristics. This article applies mindset theory and research to the field of consumer behavior. Specifically, we suggest how a fixed or growth mindset may shape consumer product preferences, acceptance of brand extensions, trust recovery following product failures, as well as the effectiveness of advertising and marketing campaigns. We argue that people with a fixed mindset are more likely to seek products and brands in line with their goals to burnish their self-image and demonstrate their positive qualities, while people with a growth mindset seek products that help them pursue their goals to improve and learn new things. Thus, products and brands may serve important self-enhancement functions—encouraging consumers to reinforce or expand core aspects of their identity. We also suggest that brands and companies can project a fixed or growth mindset. In turn, these organizational mindsets should shape consumers' expectations of, and relationships with, products, brands, and companies.
Was it worth it? Patients’ perspectives on the perceived value of genomic-based individualized medicine

The value of genomic sequencing is often understood in terms of its ability to affect diagnosis or treatment. In these terms, successes occur only in a minority of cases. This paper presents views from patients who had exome sequencing done clinically to explore how they perceive the utility of genomic medicine. The authors used semi-structured, qualitative interviews in order to study patients’ attitudes toward genomic sequencing in oncology and rare-disease settings. Participants from 37 cases were interviewed. In terms of the testing’s key values—regardless of having received what clinicians described as meaningful results—participants expressed four qualities that are separate from traditional views of clinical utility: Participants felt they had been empowered over their own health. They felt they had contributed altruistically to the progress of genomic technology in medicine. They felt their suffering had been legitimated. They also felt a sense of closure, having done everything they could. Patients expressed overwhelmingly positive attitudes toward sequencing. Their rationale was not solely based on the results’ clinical utility. It is important for clinicians to understand this non-medical reasoning as it pertains to patient decision-making and informed consent.
The Noisy Channel Coding Theorem for Erasure Channels

(1974). The Noisy Channel Coding Theorem for Erasure Channels. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 81, No. 8, pp. 853-862.
Substrate uptake mechanisms for yeast cells

This paper reports on experiments in which a fluorometer, which permits culture fluorescence to be measured in situ was coupled to a bioreactor. The fluorometer through external light excitement NADH can be made to fluoresce, thus allowing intracellular NADH profiles to be measured in response to extracellular step-changes in substrate concentration. Experiments with baker's yeast and Candida tropicalis as organisms and glucose and hexadecane as substrates are reported. The results suggest different uptake mechanisms depending on cell type and on substrate.
Investigation of generalized S-transform analysis windows for time-frequency analysis of seismic reflection data

ABSTRACTThe frequency-dependent width of the Gaussian window function used in the S-transform may not be ideal for all applications. In particular, in seismic reflection prospecting, the temporal resolution of the resulting S-transform time-frequency spectrum at low frequencies may not be sufficient for certain seismic interpretation purposes. A simple parameterization of the generalized S-transform overcomes the drawback of poor temporal resolution at low frequencies inherent in the S-transform, at the necessary expense of reduced frequency resolution. This is accomplished by replacing the frequency variable in the Gaussian window with a linear function containing two coefficients that control resolution variation with frequency. The linear coefficients can be directly calculated by selecting desired temporal resolution at two frequencies. The resulting transform conserves energy and is readily invertible by an inverse Fourier transform. This modification of the S-transform, when applied to synthetic and...
A human visual “no-reference” image quality measure

How do we evaluate the quality of an image and determine which variation of an image a human observer would find most visually pleasing without using a human in the loop? The answer lies in utilizing image quality measures. These measures have an abundance of uses in instrumentation and measurement applications [1], [2] and can be categorized into three groups: full-reference [3], reduced- reference, and no-reference [4]. The full-reference and reduced-reference are not suitable for real applications, since an optimal original reference image does not always exist [5]. For instance, consider taking a picture with your cell phone in poor lighting or bright sunshine. These are examples of resulting images that are considered to suffer from distortions. The distorted image is the only image available for processing, and thus, we have no-reference of what a good distortion free image should look like. Hence, using a no-reference image quality measure is desirable.