cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-regulation as a moderator of the relation between coping and symptomatology in children of divorce

Investigated the effects of self-regulation as a moderator of the relations between coping efforts and psychological symptoms of children of divorce. The interactions of two dimensions of self-regulation (task orientation and approach-flexibility) and two dimensions of coping (active and avoidant) predicting children's postdivorce symptoms were tested using a sample of 199 divorced mothers and their children, ages 8 to 12. The approach-flexibility dimension moderated the relations of both active and avoidant coping with children's self-report of anxiety. At higher levels of approach-flexibility, active coping was negatively related to anxiety, while at lower levels of approach-flexibility, active coping was unrelated to anxiety. Avoidant coping was unrelated to anxiety at higher levels of approach-flexibility, whereas at lower levels of approach-flexibility, avoidant coping was positively related to anxiety. The task orientation dimension did not interact with coping, but had direct, independent effects on children's self-report of conduct problems, depression, and parent-report of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. The implications for understanding children's coping with divorce and future directions for research are discussed.
Stereoscopic high-speed imaging using additive colors

An experimental system for digital stereoscopic imaging produced by using a high-speed color camera is described. Two bright-field image projections of a three-dimensional object are captured utilizing additive-color backlighting (blue and red). The two images are simultaneously combined on a two-dimensional image sensor using a set of dichromatic mirrors, and stored for off-line separation of each projection. This method has been demonstrated in analyzing cavitation bubble dynamics near boundaries. This technique may be useful for flow visualization and in machine vision applications.
Large eddy simulation using a new set of sixth order schemes for compressible viscous terms

A set of conservative sixth order central differencing schemes is suggested for compressible flows with variable viscosity coefficient. This new set of central differencing schemes has the stencil width matching that of the seventh order weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme (WENO). This feature is important to maintain the compactness of the seventh order WENO scheme and facilitate boundary condition treatment. As an application example, a large eddy simulation (LES) is conducted for a cylinder flow using the seventh order WENO scheme for the convective terms and the new set of sixth order central differencing scheme for the viscous terms. The results are compared with those from other research groups and those obtained using the fifth order WENO scheme and fourth order central differencing.
Interspecific effects of 4A-DNT (4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene) and RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) in Japanese quail, Northern bobwhite, and Zebra finch

The purpose of this study was to assess the toxicological effects of two munition compounds, 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4A-DNT) and 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), on three different bird species: two common toxicological model species-the Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and the Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica), and a representative passerine-the Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata). Bobwhite were exposed to 4A-DNT at 0, 8, 15, 30, 60, or 150 mg/kg body weight (bw) d by oral gavage for seven days; because the high dose of 4A-DNT was lethal to bobwhite, the maximum dose was changed to 100 mg/kg bw d for Japanese quail and finches to ensure tissue could be used for future toxicogenomic work. RDX was similarly administered at 0, 0.5, 1.5, 3, 6, or 12 mg/kg bw d. Blood was drawn prior to euthanasia for blood cellularity and chemistry analyses. Finches were clearly least affected by 4A-DNT as evidenced by a lack of observable effects. Bobwhite appeared to be the most sensitive species to 4A-DNT as observed through changes in blood cellularity and plasma chemistry effects. Bobwhite appeared to be more sensitive to RDX than Japanese Quail due to increased effects on measures of plasma chemistries. Finches exhibited the greatest sensitivity to RDX through increased mortality and seizure activity. This study suggests that sensitivity among species is chemical-specific and provides data that could be used to refine current avian sensitivity models used in ecological risk assessments.
Defect structures created during abnormal grain growth in pulsed-laser deposited nickel

The thermal stability of nanograined pulsed-laser deposited nickel was studied by annealing free-standing thin films in situ in a transmission electron microscope. The observed grain growth was sporadic and catastrophic, as expected for abnormal grain growth. The large grains contained a variety of defects that included twins, dislocation lines, small dislocation loops and stacking-fault tetrahedra. This microstructure was developed at annealing temperatures as low as 498 K and was stable at the annealing temperature. The proposed source of the defects and especially the stacking-fault tetrahedra is the grain boundaries, which have excess free volume. This defect source provides insight to the structure of the deposited grain boundaries, which has important consequences for the macroscopic mechanical properties of nanograined pulsed-laser deposited nickel.
Annotation on Stem Cells and Differentiation Fields

Gradient dynamics are elaborated in the context of a differentiation field to account for stem cells renewal and terminal differentiation. The rapidly emerging non-linearities are discussed in relationship to normal and malignant differentiation, and used to explain the progression to autonomous growth.
Fluosol and hyperbaric oxygen as an adjunct to radiation therapy in the treatment of malignant gliomas: a pilot study.

Several clinical trials have been reported using Fluosol and oxygen breathing as an adjunct to radiation. Theoretical considerations and animal experiments, however, indicate that a combination of perfluorochemicals and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) increases tumor oxygenation and radiation response to a greater extent than is seen either with a perfluorochemical and normobaric oxygen or with HBO alone. This is the first report of a pilot study of the use of Fluosol and HBO with radiation in humans. Twenty patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or glioblastoma multiforme were treated in a phase I trial of radiation with Fluosol and HBO at three atmospheres. Total Fluosol dose was escalated from 42 ml/kg in six courses to 80 ml/kg in four courses. Patients were irradiated in an HBO chamber with 600 cGy weekly fractions following Fluosol administration. Sixteen patients completed treatment; no interruption was necessitated by treatment toxicity. The addition of Fluosol/HBO did not increase the incidence of HBO rela...
Spatio-temporal tunable pixels for multi-spectral infrared imagers

In this paper, a new 96 × 96 30 μm pitch mixed-signal readout integrated circuit (ROIC) with a pixel-level tunable bias control is demonstrated. The new ROIC is capable of providing a large bias voltage in both polarities on each individual pixel, independently. These enhanced functionalities are achieved by modifying a capacitive transimpedance amplifier (CTIA) CMOS ROIC architecture. In addition to the VLSI development, an FPGA-based testbench has been developed to test and characterize the new ROIC system. The unit cell consists of the CTIA integrator, two analog memories, one address selector, and one reference recover switch, built with 15 transistors and 3 capacitors. The test chip has been fabricated in 2P4M 0.35 μm high-voltage CMOS technology, where the bias voltage range is +/-5V and the output voltage swing is +/-3.9 V.
Solid-state poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofoams. Part I: Low-temperature CO2 sorption, diffusion, and the depression in PMMA glass transition

Abstract In this paper, we report on the solubility and diffusivity of CO 2 in PMMA in the range −30 °C to 100 °C, and on the depression in the glass transition temperature when the polymer acquires an equilibrium mass% of CO 2 in this temperature range. Solubility of CO 2 in PMMA increases ten-fold from 3.9% at 100 °C to 39.3% at −30 °C. We observe a drop in ΔH s , the heat of sorption, at the transition of CO 2 from vapor phase to liquid phase, leading to a weaker dependence of solubility on temperature in the liquid CO 2 regime. Four distinct diffusivity regions are identified, where diffusivity may increase or decrease with the decreasing temperature, characterized by the different activation energies. Besides the two transitions (normal vitrification and retrograde vitrification) between glassy state and rubbery state observed previously in PMMA-CO 2 , we also find a new transition in the vicinity of CO 2 vaporization temperature. The dissolution of CO 2 in PMMA lowers its glass transition temperature in a non-linear fashion and the incorporation of 39.3% CO 2 in PMMA decreases its T g from 103 °C to −12.5 °C. In part II of this paper, we describe a process, based on low-temperature CO 2 saturation, that creates PMMA nanofoams with 30–40 nm cells.
INEQUALITY AND POVERTY: A MARXIST-GEOGRAPHIC THEORY∗

Marxists theorize that inequality and poverty are functional components of the capitalist mode of production: capitalism necessarily produces inegalitarian social structures. Inequality is transferred from one generation to another through the environment of services and opportunities which surrounds each individual. The social geography of the city is made up of a hierarchy of community environments reproducing the hierarchical class structure. Change in the system results from change in the demand for labor. Continuing poverty in American cities results from a continued system need to produce and reproduce an industrial reserve army. Inequality and poverty cannot be eradicated without fundamental changes in the mode of production.
Automatically Detected Nonverbal Behavior Predicts Creativity in Collaborating Dyads

In the current study we administered a creative task in which two people collaboratively generated novel strategies to conserve resources. During this task, the nonverbal behavior of 104 participants in 52 pairs was tracked and recorded using the Kinect computer vision algorithm. We created a measure of synchrony by correlating movements between the two dyad members, and showed that synchrony occurred—that is, correlations decreased when we increased delay between the recorded movements of pair members. We also demonstrated a link between nonverbal synchrony and creativity, as operationalized by the number of new, valid ideas produced. Linear correlations demonstrated a significant relationship between synchrony and creativity. Finally, models using synchrony scores as input predicted whether dyads were high or low in creativity with a success rate as high as 86.7 % in the more exclusive subsets. We discuss implications for methodological approaches to measuring nonverbal behavior and synchrony, and suggest practical applications which can leverage the current findings.
Two Approaches to Interdisciplinary Computing+Music Courses

The developers of a university curriculum designed to bridge the gaps between the two disciplines have found that there are numerous ways to introduce arts majors to computing, and science and engineering majors to the arts.
Generalized excess noise factor for avalanche photodiodes of arbitrary structure

A generic model for a multilayer avalanche photodiode (APD) that admits arbitrary variation (with position) of the bandgap, dark generation rate, and ionization coefficients within each stage of the device is considered. Expressions for the mean multiplication and excess noise factors for dark carriers alone, injected carriers alone, and for an arbitrary superposition of dark and injected carriers are derived for this general model. Special cases of the results reduce to well-known expressions for the conventional APD, the separate absorption/grading/multiplication APD, the multiquantum-well APD, and the staircase APD. >
Use of mixed glycosidase for the removal of mucus from the rat nasal epithelium in SEM studies

The surface layer of mucus, which obscures the epithelium from view, is a major obstacle when performing scanning electron microscopic studies of the nasal mucosa. Samples treated with a 1% mixed glycosidase solution for 1 or 2 minutes, followed by agitation, removed most of the mucus from the conchae without damaging the underlying epithelium. Removal of mucus allows the complete evaluation of the underlying epithelium in normal animals and the localization and characterization of lesions in animals exposed to nasal toxicants.
Alterations in endothelial cell proliferation and apoptosis contribute to vascular remodeling following hind-limb ischemia in rabbits

Hind-limb ischemia is a potent stimulus for angiogenesis. However, capillary density does not change in tibialis anterior muscle (TA) following hind-limb ischemia, despite increases in angiogenic growth factors. The objective of this study was to determine whether changes in proliferation and apoptosis occurred in the same muscle. In total, 19 New Zealand white rabbits underwent femoral artery ligation and excision and the ischemic and contra-lateral (control) TA muscles were harvested after 1 (n = 7), 5 (n = 7) and 21 (n= 5). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) was used to detect apoptosis and double staining was used to identify the apoptotic cell types. Proliferation was assessed by immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and [3H]thymidine incorporation, in vitro. TUNEL positive nuclei were greater in ischemic than control muscle at 1 day (1.83 +/- 0.70% vs 1.03 +/- 0.20%), 5 days (2.13 +/- 0.50% vs 1.21 +/- 0.42%) and at 21 days the difference was statistically significant (3.42 +/- 0.80% vs 0.96 +/- 0.40%, p < 0.01). The majority of TUNEL positive nuclei were endothelial (Tie2 positive) cells. The number of PCNA positive cells in ischemic versus control muscle was similar at 1 day (0.71 +/- 0.20% vs 0.53 +/- 0.20%) and 5 days (1.28 +/- 0.30% vs 0.77 +/- 0.30%), but was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in ischemic muscle at 21 days (0.18 +/- 0.20% vs 1.35 +/- 0.30%) with no difference in [3H]thymidine incorporation. Directionally opposite changes in endothelial cell proliferation and apoptosis occur in TA muscle following hind-limb ischemia. Modulating apoptosis in ischemic skeletal muscle may present a novel therapeutic target in peripheral arterial disease.
Amplified fragment length polymorphism based identification of genetic markers and novel PCR assay for differentiation of Campylobacter fetus subspecies

Differentiation of Campylobacter fetus into C. fetus subsp. fetus (Cff) and C. fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv) is important for both clinical and economic reasons. In the past, several molecular typing methods have been used for differentiation, including amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). In this study, AFLP was employed to identify C. fetus subspecies specific markers that can serve as a basis for design of novel PCR primer sets for Cfv. Four groups of C. fetus strains with different phenotypic or genotypic traits were examined by AFLP using 22 different DdeI/MboI primer combinations. Specific AFLP fragments were deduced and sequenced resulting in 41 sequences. Based on the obtained sequences, five potential subspecies-specific PCR assays were developed. Extensive evaluation of the five selected PCRs with a set of 65 diverse C. fetus strains identified primer set Cf C05 as subspecies Cfv-specific. This newly developed PCR is fully consistent with the AFLP subspecies differentiation results. The data indicate AFLP as a powerful tool for comparing closely related genomes and for exploiting this information to develop a specific PCR with extensive typing potential.
New applications of planar image fusion in clinical nuclear medicine and radiology

Fusion of multiple modalities has become an integral part of modern imaging methodology, especially in nuclear medicine where PET and SPECT scanning are frequently paired with computed tomography (CT). We have extended image fusion from the tomographic realm to planar imaging in 2 specific applications. In the first, we combine planar scintigraphic images with photographic images of the body part of interest, using a predetermined transformation of images between the frames of reference. This technique is especially helpful in "hot spot" imaging applications where minimal background activity makes it difficult to locate abnormalities in an anatomic context. The technique has been demonstrated to be accurate, and results in increased reader confidence. We have also begun fusing orthopedic radiographs with photographic images of the extremities, using fiducial markers within each image set to perform an affine transformation unique for the particular image set. Preliminary results indicate that this method is accurate, and clinical evaluation is underway.
A man, a dog, and a machine

Designing complex systems with humans in the loop presents a difficult engineering challenge.
Business leaders speak out: their real strategic problems

Purpose – Many observers agree that the recommendations from academic research are not followed by real world organizations, and that business researchers rarely consult practitioners when formulating research questions. Calls are increasing to make management research more relevant for business managers. This paper aims to seek to capitalize upon this opportunity by going straight to managers on the front line and asking them about their most pressing problems.Design/methodology/approach – The authors surveyed over 350 Chief Executive Officers of large, medium and small‐cap US firms. The authors asked these executives to describe the most important strategic problem facing their firms, to identify the fundamental source of the problem, and to identify the best response to this problem.Findings – Executives tell us that their most common strategic problems relate to threats from new technology, and new competitors. Further, respondents believe that the most important threats originate outside the firm.Pra...
Architectural power management for high leakage technologies

We propose a power-performance trade off methodology for microprocessors. An instruction named slowdown for low power (SLOP) is introduced. Functionally, it resembles the conventional NOP but requires power-specific hardware implementation. Depending upon the power reduction requirement, adequate number of SLOP's are automatically inserted in the instruction stream by the power management hardware. While processing a SLOP, additional power control signals are generated for various units; the ALU is powered down, caches are put in drowsy mode, and register file and pipeline registers may be fully or partially clock-gated. Simulation of a five-stage pipelined 32-bit MIPS processor shows that the SLOP method, termed instruction slowdown (ISD), becomes more effective than a conventional clock slowdown (CSD) when leakage is high. For 32nm CMOS technology, ISD can save more than 70% power compared to about 40% by CSD. The paper shows that power reduction through a judicious choice of slowdown factor and the method adopted, clock slowdown for low leakage and instruction slowdown for high leakage, can enhance the battery lifetime as well.
Repeat Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Resulting From Reminder Letters For Women With a Baseline Abnormal DXA

The objective was to assess the effects of reminder letters on women returning for repeat bone density. We queried our clinical data repository to identify all women undergoing dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) during the entire 2003 calendar year. Women with abnormal DXAs were entered into a database for reminder letters. The electronic medical record was then reviewed for the presence of the reminder letter and whether any repeat DXA scan was done. Approximately half of the women returned for repeat DXA of this group, approximately one-third were improved, one-third deteriorated, and the remaining were unchanged. We suggest a clinical benchmark of a minimum of 50% of women with abnormal bone density returning for repeat DXA on the same machine at a DXA imaging center should be a quality improvement goal. Further research into exploring why patients do not return for serial DXA and the impact of reminder letters on improving treatment outcomes should be conducted.
Prevalence of Diabetes Among Hispanics/Latinos From Diverse Backgrounds: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

OBJECTIVE We examine differences in prevalence of diabetes and rates of awareness and control among adults from diverse Hispanic/Latino backgrounds in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The HCHS/SOL, a prospective, multicenter, population-based study, enrolled from four U.S. metropolitan areas from 2008 to 2011 16,415 18–74-year-old people of Hispanic/Latino descent. Diabetes was defined by either fasting plasma glucose, impaired glucose tolerance 2 h after a glucose load, glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C), or documented use of hypoglycemic agents (scanned medications). RESULTS Diabetes prevalence varied from 10.2% in South Americans and 13.4% in Cubans to 17.7% in Central Americans, 18.0% in Dominicans and Puerto Ricans, and 18.3% in Mexicans ( P P P P = 0.0010) but was negatively related to education ( P = 0.0005) and household income ( P = 0.0043). Rate of diabetes awareness was 58.7%, adequate glycemic control (A1C CONCLUSIONS Present findings indicate a high prevalence of diabetes but considerable diversity as a function of Hispanic background. The low rates of diabetes awareness, diabetes control, and health insurance in conjunction with the negative associations between diabetes prevalence and both household income and education among Hispanics/Latinos in the U.S. have important implications for public health policies.
Scaling features in passively mode-locked inhomogeneously broadened lasers

Passive mode-locking of inhomogeneously broadened lasers is studied in three regimes: pure SAM, soliton mode-locking, and with SPM and positive GDD. Scaling features of mode- locking characteristics with the gain linewidth, dispersion, and nonlinearities are presented.
Approaches to the construction of intrinsically acentric chromophoric NLO materials: chemical elaboration and resultant properties of self-assembled multilayer structures

This contribution reports on the chemical generality of processes employed to construct self- assembled chromophoric multilayer materials with high second-order optical nonlinearities. These robust materials can be assembled on a variety of amorphous and single crystal substrates. Furthermore, there is significant breadth in the scope of coupling layer reagents and chromophore precursors that can be employed. These elaborations lead to enhancements in multilayer construction efficiency as does the use of in situ SHG measurements to directly monitor the assembly process. The chromophoric layers undergo facile ion exchange and the chromophore `capping' step in the construction process has been streamlined. Although these multilayer assemblies are chemically rather inert, they can be etched with HF solutions.
Accurate Diagnosis of Cerebral Malaria: A Role for Parasite Histidine-Rich Protein 2?

moderate transmission, plasma concentrations of pHRP2 appear to correspond well to body parasite biomass [5]. Elevated pHRP2 concentrations may, therefore, reflect a high level of sequestered parasites. In the current issue of the journal, Seydel and colleagues provide evidence that high pHRP2 concentrations are an excellent marker for biopsyor retinopathy-confirmed cerebral malaria [6]. The study design has several strengths that boost confidence in the accuracy of its findings, including the use of 3 study groups, which allowed for initial testing, establishment of an optimized pHRP2 cutoff level, and prospective assessment of the sensitivity and specificity of that cutoff level. The first study group consisted of children with WHO-defined cerebral malaria who died. The pHRP2 concentrations in children with autopsy-confirmed parasite sequestration were compared with the pHRP2 concentrations in those without sequestration. The pHRP2 concentrations distinguished almost perfectly between the 2 groups (area under receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.98). The second study group consisted of children from an earlier study who had WHOdefined cerebral malaria and who did (cases) or did not (controls) have malaria retinopathy. The pHRP2 concentrations in this group were used to identify a cutoff
Application redirection: hosting Windows applications in 3D

We present Application Redirection, a novel architecture that lets unmodified Windows applications be hosted in a 3D virtual environment. The result is a platform for experimentation in 3D Information Visualization in which the user retains all familiar productivity tools This paper describes the implementation of Application Redirection, using the Task Gallery to illustrate how it is used
Magnetic resonance imaging evidence of posterior pharynx denervation in pediatric patients with Chiari I malformation and absent gag reflex.

Object. The authors hypothesized that children with preoperative Chiari I malformation and an absent gag reflex may harbor pharyngeal musculature atrophy identifiable on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Methods. Thirty patients with preoperative Chiari I malformation and a functioning gag reflex, five patients with preoperative Chiari I malformation and complete absence of gag reflex, and 50 control individuals underwent radiological measurement of the posterior pharyngeal wall thickness. The thickness of the posterior pharyngeal wall in age-matched controls was significantly thinner (p < 0.0001) than that in patients with Chiari I malformation and no functioning gag reflex. Additionally, in patients with hindbrain herniation and absent gag reflex, the posterior pharyngeal wall thicknesses were comparable to or thinner than those in age-matched controls. A general decrease in the thickness of the posterior pharyngeal wall was found in control individuals who were older compared with patients with Chiari I...
Tunable Transient Filters for Soft Error Rate Reduction in Combinational Circuits

This paper describes a tunable transient filter (TTF) design for soft error rate reduction in combinational logic circuits. TTFs can be inserted into combinational circuits to suppress propagated single- event upsets (SEUs) before they can be captured in latches/flip- flops. TTFs are tuned by adjusting the maximum width of the propagated SEU that can be suppressed. TTFs require 6-14 transistors, making them an attractive cost-effective option to reduce the soft error rate in combinational circuits. A global optimization approach based on geometric programming that integrates TTF insertion with dual-VoD and gate sizing is described. Simulation results for the 70 nm process technology indicate that a 17-48X reduction in the soft error rate can be achieved with this approach.
A MODEL OF MIXING IN A MOTIONLESS MIXER

Abstract This paper deals with the modelling of a Sulzer-Koch motionless mixer. A flow model involving convection and diffusion has been solved to characterize the dispersive mixing in one node of the network and this result was then complemented by a network analysis to obtain the flow distribution. Experimental data are in general agreement with the theory. The approach of this study is shown to provide valuable conclusions about the design of the mixer and to complement the more commonly used integral or statistical treatments. In particular, it has been shown that the ratio of internal resistances controls the distributive mixing in one mixer unit and that significant convective mass transport takes place within the node even when there is no net cross-flow.
Vision-based control of 3D facial animation

Controlling and animating the facial expression of a computer-generated 3D character is a difficult problem because the face has many degrees of freedom while most available input devices have few. In this paper, we show that a rich set of lifelike facial actions can be created from a preprocessed motion capture database and that a user can control these actions by acting out the desired motions in front of a video camera. We develop a real-time facial tracking system to extract a small set of animation control parameters from video. Because of the nature of video data, these parameters may be noisy, low-resolution, and contain errors. The system uses the knowledge embedded in motion capture data to translate these low-quality 2D animation control signals into high-quality 3D facial expressions. To adapt the synthesized motion to a new character model, we introduce an efficient expression retargeting technique whose run-time computation is constant independent of the complexity of the character model. We demonstrate the power of this approach through two users who control and animate a wide range of 3D facial expressions of different avatars.
From Descriptions to Duplicates to Data

Scholarly use of digital material moves from catalogues (locator services) to digital duplicates intended for human study to digital versions intended for computer analysis. We have been through this entire path for text, the easiest material to digitise, and we are now fairly far along with artistic imagery. More difficult content, such as costume and dance, will move through the same stages in the future. Perhaps the most important question is whether the nature of critical research changes as the tools change. Many early applications of computers were authorship studies, for example. More generally, does research based on computer analysis ask the same kind of questions as other research? Is it done on the same materials? So far, it would appear that the same materials are considered, and the same questions asked, but there are newer tools to apply. Algorithmic research can also study larger quantities of material, perhaps reducing the single-work focus of much cultural study.
Changes in the morphogenetic response of Tenebrio molitor pupae to juvenile hormone in relation to age

Abstract Morphogenetic effect of juvenile hormone (JH) and its analogues, dodecyl methyl ether, ethyl trimethyl dodecadienoate and methylenedioxyphenoxy-6-epoxy-3-ethyl-7-methyl-2-nonene, on carefully timed Tenebrio pupae was determined. These results show that the response of pupal epidermal cells to JH varied with age during the first 48 hr after larval-pupal ecdysis. The pupae showed low morphogenetic response soon after pupal ecdysis but their response increased gradually until 18 hr. The response to JH decreased in pupae older than about 32 hr; and 48 hr old pupae were unresponsive to low doses of JH employed in this study. Age-related differences in the pattern of response of the individual body regions to JH were also observed. The synergistic effect of 1 μg of ecdysterone with these JH compounds was also tested in relation to the age of Tenebrio pupa. The results show that the synergistic effect of ecdysterone was generally limited to >18 hr old pupae. This suggests that the physiological basis of the synergistic effect of ecdysterone may be the latter's ability to synchronize epidermal cells. The significance of these observations in the analysis of time of action of juvenile hormone is discussed.
Diet composition and significance of earthworms as food of harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones).

Abstract We gathered dietary data for several harvestman species in a soybean field and adjacent hedgerow habitats to assess the extent of their polyphagy. A total of 1032 harvestmen, predominantly Leiobunum spp., were observed during almost 50 search hours over two seasons. More harvestmen and increased foraging activity were observed in the hedgerow than in the soybean field, and in both habitats harvestmen were more active at night. Earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) were the prey items most frequently recorded as being consumed by all observed harvestman species in both habitats (47.1%), while fruit and other plant material constituted 18.1% of the records. Feeding trials conducted with female harvestmen, Hadrobunus maculosus (Wood), revealed that these arachnids were not capable of subduing live earthworms, suggesting that consumption of these in the field might be limited to scavenging. Implications of harvestman foraging for local food web dynamics are discussed.
Cap that current [superconducting fault current limiters]

Superconducting fault-current limiters could transform the architecture and operation of electrical power networks. The authors outline the design principles and performance of a prototype device developed under the UK's LINK programme. The programme was organised in two stages, with stage one represented by a 400 V, 180 A 'bench top' demonstrator and stage two a 'full scale' prototype capable of operating at 11 kV carrying 400 A normal current and, most importantly of limiting a prospective 13.1 kA (250 MVA) fault to around 4.5 kA. Stage one was completed and tested successfully in August 1998, and stage two subjected to short-circuit tests in November 1999. Development work is now underway at the Reyrolle site of VA TECH T&D, with the object of delivering a full-scale three-phase high-temperature superconducting FCL for field trials in partnership with a major UK utility.
The Utilization of Ocean Space for Waste Disposal Changing Perspectives

With seventy-one percent of the world covered with seawater, should the land carry the burden totally for waste disposal? Why does the ocean have a “protected” or “preferred” status when it comes to the disposal of wastes? What is the concept of assimilative capacity? What are the ocean waste disposal issues? What is comprehensive-integrated waste management? Why does the risk assessment — risk management approach to environmental management coordinate and integrate waste management actions? What issues in the risk assessment process need public debate? What critical oceanographic information is needed to apply the assimilative capacity concept in the decision making process for the utilization of ocean space for waste disposal?
The Influence of Content Meaningfulness on Eye Movements across Tasks: Evidence from Scene Viewing and Reading

The present study investigated the influence of content meaningfulness on eye-movement control in reading and scene viewing. Texts and scenes were manipulated to make them uninterpretable, and then eye-movements in reading and scene-viewing were compared to those in pseudo-reading and pseudo-scene viewing. Fixation durations and saccade amplitudes were greater for pseudo-stimuli. The effect of the removal of meaning was seen exclusively in the tail of the fixation duration distribution in both tasks, and the size of this effect was the same across tasks. These findings suggest that eye movements are controlled by a common mechanism in reading and scene viewing. They also indicate that not all eye movements are responsive to the meaningfulness of stimulus content. Implications for models of eye movement control are discussed.
Energy-Efficient Design of Indoor mmWave and Sub-THz Systems With Antenna Arrays

Emerging millimeter-wave (mmWave) and Terahertz (THz) systems is a promising revolution for next-generation wireless communications. In this paper, we study an indoor multi-user mmWave and sub-THz system with large antenna arrays, where two different types of architecture, the fully-connected structure and the array-of-subarray structure, are investigated. Specifically, the Doherty power amplifier (PA) is adopted to improve the PA efficiency of the system, and the associated nonlinear system power consumption models with insertion power loss are developed. By capturing the characteristics of the mmWave and sub-THz channels, we design different hybrid beamforming schemes for the two structures with low complexity. We further compare the achievable rates of the two structures and show that, with the insertion loss, the achievable rate of the array-of-subarray structure is generally larger than that of the fully-connected structure. Moreover, we propose the optimal power control strategies for both structures to maximize the energy efficiency of the system and demonstrate that the energy efficiency of the array-of-subarray structure outperforms that of the fully-connected structure. Simulation results are provided to compare and validate the performance of the two structures, where the array-of-subarray structure shows a great advantage over the fully-connected structure in both spectral efficiency and energy efficiency.
Blood Constituents and Their Relation to Diet in Urban and Rural House Sparrows

To determine whether habitat-related differences in diets of House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) were reflected in their blood, we measured hematocrits and plasma concentrations of cholesterol, albumin, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of sparrows from urban and rural habitats in Centre County, Pennsylvania, during the breeding season. We also determined the protein and fat content of food samples recovered from sacrificed birds. Significantly elevated plasma cholesterol and BUN levels in House Sparrows from the urban area reflected the higher fat and protein content of the urban diet. Albumin and uric acid levels were also higher in urban than in rural birds, but not significantly so. Blood values were further influenced by age, sex, and date of collection. The analysis of blood may be useful in assessing the quality of diets eaten by wild birds.
Constellations of Human Rights

This article explores the production of human rights discourse by examining the organization and social actors involved in its construction. The author proposes a triad constellation configuration for situating the varied engagements of human rights by different constituencies at the United Nations level: dominant understandings, counterpublic approaches, and social praxis. Dominant understandings are affiliated with the Western-legal apparatus, counterpublic approaches embrace antiracist and feminist epistemologies, and social praxis is about the mediation between the first two constellations. This article argues that the social praxis constellation is where the discourse of human rights can be inventive and dynamic because an envisioning of human rights moves beyond the rubric of civil, political, social, economic, and cultural rights.
Pseudopotentials for quantum Monte Carlo studies of transition metal oxides

Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) calculations of transition metal oxides are partially limited by the availability of high-quality pseudopotentials that are both accurate in QMC and compatible with major plane-wave electronic structure codes. We have generated a set of neon-core pseudopotentials with small cutoff radii for the early transition metal elements Sc to Zn within the local density approximation of density functional theory. The pseudopotentials have been directly tested for accuracy within QMC by calculating the first through fourth ionization potentials of the isolated transition metal (M) atoms and the binding curve of each M-O dimer. We find the ionization potentials to be accurate to 0.16(1) eV, on average, relative to experiment. The equilibrium bond lengths of the dimers are within 0.5(1)% of experimental values, on average, and the binding energies are also typically accurate to 0.18(3) eV. The level of accuracy we find for atoms and dimers is comparable to what has recently been observed for bulk metals and oxides using the same pseudopotentials. Our QMC pseudopotential results also compare well with the findings of previous QMC studies and benchmark quantum chemical calculations.
The determination of catecholamine and indoleamine enzymatic activities using liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

The usefulness of liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LCEC) in the determination of catecholamines, indoleamines, and related metabolites has been amply demonstrated by a number of laboratories (Refshauge et al., 1974; Adams, 1976; Kissinger, 1977; Christensen and Blank, 1979; Mefford and Barchas, 1980).
Model of reversible vesicular transport with exclusion

A major question in neurobiology concerns the mechanics behind the motor-driven transport and delivery of vesicles to synaptic targets along the axon of a neuron. Experimental evidence suggests that the distribution of vesicles along the axon is relatively uniform and that vesicular delivery to synapses is reversible. A recent modeling study has made explicit the crucial role that reversibility in vesicular delivery to synapses plays in achieving uniformity in vesicle distribution, so called synaptic democracy (Bressloff et al 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 168101). In this paper we generalize the previous model by accounting for exclusion effects (hard-core repulsion) that may occur between molecular motor-cargo complexes (particles) moving along the same microtubule track. The resulting model takes the form of an exclusion process with four internal states, which distinguish between motile and stationary particles, and whether or not a particle is carrying vesicles. By applying a mean field approximation and an adiabatic approximation we reduce the system of ODEs describing the evolution of occupation numbers of the sites on a 1D lattice to a system of hydrodynamic equations in the continuum limit. We find that reversibility in vesicular delivery allows for synaptic democracy even in the presence of exclusion effects, although exclusion does exacerbate nonuniform distributions of vesicles in an axon when compared with a model without exclusion. We also uncover the relationship between our model and other models of exclusion processes with internal states.
CHAPTER 13 – Determinants of Maintenance of Bone Mass

This chapter examines various determinants of bone mass maintenance. The majority of studies suggest that bone mass is lost during the period after the attainment of peak bone mineral density and prior to menopause. Vertebral bone mineral density decreases at rates between 0.4 and 1%/year. Femoral neck bone mineral density decreases at rates between 0.2 and 0.9%/year. Dietary calcium, exercise, and menstrual status can affect premenopausal bone loss, but the impact of these factors is unclear. Preventing this bone loss in premenopausal women would allow them to enter menopause with greater vertebral and femoral bone mass. Given the inverse relationship between bone mineral density and fracture risk, these women would be at a lower fracture risk in later life.
Adaptive Optimization in Learning Control

Adaptive and learning control systems normally require methods which search automatically for the set of parameters which optimize a performance index. Since environmental or other conditions may change in a learning situation, the optimization must occur continuously and adapt to the existing conditions. If the performance index is unimodal and noisy, but non-stationary, a combination of gradient and random methods yields a search method which exhibits the advantages of both the random and stochastic approximation methods. The overall rate of convergence is improved and under certain conditions can be optimized. In addition, the random component of such a search provides a capability for multimodal search applications.
Television in the lives of the homeless

This paper discusses the role of television in the lives of the residents of a public shelter for homeless men in New York City. Participant observation and informal interviewing support a detailed account of the ways and means of television watching in two of the shelter's recreation rooms. It shows that, over and above what is actually on TV, television as a cultural object is used by certain groups of homeless individuals to reflect and reinforce status differences and social boundaries between them. This finding suggests that the consumption of culture, well understood as part of the process of social distinction among the middle and upper classes, can perform a similar role among those at the bottom of the social structure as well.
Wall Street’s Think Tank: The Council on Foreign Relations and the Empire of Neoliberal Geopolitics, 1976–2014

Wall Street’s Think Tank is a masterful work of critical scholarship. Using a well-trained historian’s lens, Laurence Shoup is able to document the workings of one of America’s most important elite...
Continuous injection synthesis of indium arsenide quantum dots emissive in the short-wavelength infrared

With the emergence of applications based on short-wavelength infrared light, indium arsenide quantum dots are promising candidates to address existing shortcomings of other infrared-emissive nanomaterials. However, III-V quantum dots have historically struggled to match the high-quality optical properties of II-VI quantum dots. Here we present an extensive investigation of the kinetics that govern indium arsenide nanocrystal growth. Based on these insights, we design a synthesis of large indium arsenide quantum dots with narrow emission linewidths. We further synthesize indium arsenide-based core-shell-shell nanocrystals with quantum yields up to 82% and improved photo- and long-term storage stability. We then demonstrate non-invasive through-skull fluorescence imaging of the brain vasculature of murine models, and show that our probes exhibit 2-3 orders of magnitude higher quantum yields than commonly employed infrared emitters across the entire infrared camera sensitivity range. We anticipate that these probes will not only enable new biomedical imaging applications, but also improved infrared nanocrystal-LEDs and photon-upconversion technology.
Rate of warming affects temperature sensitivity of anaerobic peat decomposition and greenhouse gas production

Temperature sensitivity of anaerobic carbon mineralization in wetlands remains poorly represented in most climate models and is especially unconstrained for warmer subtropical and tropical systems which account for a large proportion of global methane emissions. Several studies of experimental warming have documented thermal acclimation of soil respiration involving adjustments in microbial physiology or carbon use efficiency (CUE), with an initial decline in CUE with warming followed by a partial recovery in CUE at a later stage. The variable CUE implies that the rate of warming may impact microbial acclimation and the rate of carbon-dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) production. Here, we assessed the effects of warming rate on the decomposition of subtropical peats, by applying either a large single-step (10°C within a day) or a slow ramping (0.1°C day−1 for 100 days) temperature increase. The extent of thermal acclimation was tested by monitoring CO2 and CH4 production, CUE, and microbial biomass. Total gaseous C loss, CUE, and MBC were greater in the slow (ramp) warming treatment. However, greater values of CH4-C:CO2-C ratios lead to a greater global warming potential in the fast (step) warming treatment. The effect of gradual warming on decomposition was more pronounced in recalcitrant and nutrient-limited soils. Stable carbon isotopes of CH4 and CO2 further indicated the possibility of different carbon processing pathways under the contrasting warming rates. Different responses in fast versus slow warming treatment combined with different endpoints may indicate alternate pathways with long-term consequences. Incorporations of experimental results into organic matter decomposition models suggest that parameter uncertainties in CUE and CH4-C:CO2-C ratios have a larger impact on long-term soil organic carbon and global warming potential than uncertainty in model structure, and shows that particular rates of warming are central to understand the response of wetland soils to global climate change. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.