cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast, nonlinear, and active nanoplasmonics

We discuss theoretical predictions for ultrafast (femtosecond) linear and nonlinear optical phenomena in metal nanostructures. We show that very strong (orders of magnitude in local-field intensity) ultrafast concentration of energy on nanoscale is possible. In metal/semiconductor quantum dot nanostructures, we consider a fascinating possibility of quantum generator due to spaser (surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). Various applications are discussed. We discuss recent experiments where the coherent control on the nanoscale has been observed and present the corresponding theoretical interpretation. We also discuss a proof-of-principle experiment on observation of the spaser published recently.
Scale-dependent charmed meson distributions in jets

Scaling violations in charmed quark fragmentation functions and in the charmed meson contents of the gluon and light-quark jets are studied by using the Altarelli-Parisi equations. A parametrization of theQ2 dependent fragmentation functions is obtained by fittinge+e− charmed meson production data. Charmed meson distributions in high transverse momentum jets at hadron colliders and their implicatios are also investigated.
Catherine the Great: Love, Sex, and Power – By Virginia Rounding

The literature about Catherine the Great and her age is exceptionally rich. On the empress herself historians can draw on a number of reliable biographies such as that by John T. Alexander, while t...
On searching a contour map for a given terrain elevation profile

Ground track location on contour map for given terrain elevation profile, using digital computer
Breaking the Q-cycle: finding new ways to study Qo through thermodynamic manipulations

Thirty years ago, Peter Mitchell won the Nobel Prize for proposing how electrical and proton gradients across bioenergetic membranes were the energy coupling intermediate between photosynthetic and respiratory electron transfer and cellular activities that include ATP production. A high point of his thinking was the development of the Q-cycle model that advanced our understanding of cytochrome bc1. While the principle tenets of his Q-cycle still hold true today, Mitchell did not explain the specific mechanism that allows the Qo site to perform this Q-cycle efficiently without undue energy loss. Though much speculation on Qo site mode of molecular action and regulation has been introduced over the 30 years after Mitchell collected his Prize, no single mechanism has been universally accepted. The mystery behind the Qo site mechanism remains unsolved due to elusive kinetic intermediates during Qo site electron transfer that have not been detected spectroscopically. Therefore, to reveal the Qo mechanism, we must look beyond traditional steady-state experimental approaches by changing cytochrome bc1 thermodynamics and promoting otherwise transient Qo site redox states.
Electronic structure studies of doped and undoped HgBaCaCuO

Abstract LDA calculations of the electronic structure of HgBa2CuO4, HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8 and HgBa2Cu2Cu3O8.5 are reported. In the absence of Hg-layer O, the bands near the Fermi energy (EF) are the CuO dpσ∗ antibonding band, characteristic of the high-Tc cuprates, and a Hg 6p derived band which lies entirely above EF in HgBa2CuO4 although approaching EF along the XR line; in HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8 this band slightly crosses EF leading to a small self-doping. Hg-layer O, strongly modifies this picture. The Hg 6p related structure is pushed high above EF. Instead, substantial hybridization is found between Hg-layer O 2p and Hg 5d states. This causes some of these states to be unoccupied. As a result each excess O contributes approximately one hole to the CuO2 planes rather than the two holes expected from ionic considerations. The three CuO2 bands near EF become almost coincident, which may have important implications for superconductivity.
Retinal implants: emergence of a multidisciplinary field.

Purpose of reviewThis review summarizes the current status of retinal prostheses, recent accomplishments, and major remaining research, engineering, and rehabilitation challenges.Recent findingsRetinal research, materials and biocompatibility studies, and clinical trials in patients blind from retin
Atypical prothrombins induced by dicoumarol.

VITAMIN K maintains normal plasma prothrombin concentration. The effects of this vitamin as well as of its antagonist, dicoumarol, have been studied, often with the aid of inhibitors of protein synthesis, such as puromycin and cycloheximide1–8. It is generally accepted that the site of action of vitamin K is not at the DNA level but at the late ribosomal stage; whether the vitamin acts in the de novo synthesis of prothrombin or in the completion of “unfinished” molecules is uncertain. Dicoumarol may cause release of unfinished material, or of “modified” molecules which are converted to the normal form by vitamin K. Conflicting evidence may be due to differences in dosage of protein inhibitors or of dicoumarol, differences in sampling time, differences in degree of purification, species variation, or differences in physical characteristics and chemical behaviour of unfinished or modified molecules which would demand that methods be specially adapted for their isolation.
The sound of starting where you are: Contemplative practice and music pedagogy

This chapter describes the use of contemplative practice and curriculum design in teaching and learning music.
Salivary gland apyrase determines probing time in anopheline mosquitoes

Abstract Salivary gland homogenates of adult female anopheline mosquitoes, of three different species, hydrolysed ATP and ADP, thereby demonstrating an apyrase activity. Total enzyme activity was greatest in the vector species A. freeborni (20.7 ± 2.4 mU/pair of glands) and least in the autogenous mosquito A. sp. nr. salbaii (3.0 ± 0.4 mU/pair of glands); another vector species, A. stephensi , produced intermediate levels of the enzyme (7.8 ± 0.7 mU/pair of glands). In all cases, the reaction was activated by divalent cations and maximal at pH 9.0 and in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. Apyrase activity in each salivary gland correlated with the degree of inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro . Duration of probing correlated inversely with salivary apyrase content. We conclude that salivary apyrase largely determines a mosquito's ability to locate blood. Differential selective pressures for facility of blood location would have influenced the level of salivary apyrase in these mosquitoes.
Chandra CCD Imagery of the Northeast and Northwest Limbs of SN 1006

We present deep images of the SN 1006 remnant (G327.6+14.6) with the ACIS instrument on the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. Two regions have been observed, the synchrotron-dominated northeast limb and the thermally dominated northwest limb, as well as a substantial portion of the interior of the remnant shell. The brightest features in the X-ray images correspond closely to radio features in the northeast and to Balmer-dominated filaments in the northwest. The spectra of the brighter filaments in the northeast are harder, with less prominent line emission than those in the northwest. In addition to highly elongated filaments, both images show enhanced clumps of emission well inside of the shock front that appear to be dominated by emission from oxygen. These probably arise from shock-heated ejecta, based on analysis of their X-ray spectra. We find no firm evidence for a halo of X-ray emission outside the shock to the northeast, as predicted by the Fermi shock-acceleration picture, in which relativistic electrons should be diffusing ahead of the shock. Our limits on upstream emission are less than 1.5% of the postshock levels in regions where the supernova remnant is brightest. This strongly suggests that the bright rims are flattened sheets nearly perpendicular to the plane of the sky and that the magnetic field strength jumps at the shock by a factor significantly larger than 4, as has been proposed if the shock puts significant energy into accelerating nonthermal ions. The spectra obtained of the northwest rim are all dominated by the helium-like ions of O, Ne, Mg, and Si expected from shocks with ionization (net) parameters of order 100 cm-3 yr and electron temperatures of 0.5-1 keV, far lower than the postshock ion temperature implied by estimates of the shock speed obtained from the shape of the Hα line.
Observers' Reaction to Touchers

20 men and 20 women were shown nine photographs in which two people were interacting. The first photograph shown showed a male and a female engaged in a nontouching interaction. The remaining eight photographs showed a touching interaction. Subjects rated their affective reaction to each of the touching interactions relative to their reaction to the first (nontouch) interaction. In the latter 8 photographs, the person facing the camera was either male or female, the person with back to camera was either male or female, and the touch shown was either a hand touch or a hug. All touching interactions were rated more positively than the standard (nontouch interactions). Male and female subjects tended to show identical reactions to the photographs. More positive reactions were shown to cross-sex hugging than to same-sex hugging and interactions showing hand touch.
Analysis of Lotka's law: the Simon-Yule approach

Abstract A major difficulty in using the well-known Lotka's law in information science is in the estimation of parameters. In this paper, we argue that the difficulty arises from the misuse of goodness-of-fit tests. As an alternative, we adopt Simon's five-step modeling process for the study of Lotka's law. Three significant contributions can be identified. First, an index approach is used to identify a general formulation of Lotka's law. Second, a time series approach is used to identify two influential variables associated with the empirical data. Third, the constructive mechanism proposed by Simon is used to derive a distribution resembling the general formulation of Lotka's law. Further research on refining the constructive mechanism is suggested.
Carbon Diffusion in Lanthanum Erbium Carbide Stabilized in the Cubic Fluorite Structure

Lanthanum erbium carbide, La0.5Er0.5C2, a salt-like carbide with a cubic fluorite phase structure, has been produced from 13C, allowing carbon diffusion rate to be determined using 12C. Carbon in salt-like carbides exhibits significant ionicity, and a high carbon diffusion rate would enable a new class of high temperature fuel cells based on carbon-ion transport. The complete lack of carbon diffusion data for salt-like carbides is the motivation for this work. The carbon diffusion rate in La0.5Er0.5C2 has now been determined to be 2.0 ± 0.8 × 10−13 cm2/s at 850 °C, increasing to 1.8 ± 0.8 × 10−11 cm2/s at 1150 °C, with an activation energy of about 95 kJ/mole. These diffusion rates are too low for a carbon-ion fuel cell, but a number of other salt-like carbides exist. Be2C, in particular, is a salt-like carbide with an antifluorite structure, and should have higher carbon-ion diffusion than cubic La0.5Er0.5C2 due to the unoccupied octahedral sites in the antifluorite structure, but Be2C presents special difficulties due to the toxic nature of its hydrolysis products.
Mating alters gene expression patterns in Drosophila melanogaster male heads

Behavior is a complex process resulting from the integration of genetic and environmental information. Drosophila melanogaster rely on multiple sensory modalities for reproductive success, and mating causes physiological changes in both sexes that affect reproductive output or behavior. Some of these effects are likely mediated by changes in gene expression. Courtship and mating alter female transcript profiles, but it is not known how mating affects male gene expression. We used Drosophila genome arrays to identify changes in gene expression profiles that occur in mated male heads. Forty-seven genes differed between mated and control heads 2 hrs post mating. Many mating-responsive genes are highly expressed in non-neural head tissues, including an adipose tissue called the fat body. One fat body-enriched gene, female-specific independent of transformer (fit), is a downstream target of the somatic sex-determination hierarchy, a genetic pathway that regulates Drosophila reproductive behaviors as well as expression of some fat-expressed genes; three other mating-responsive loci are also downstream components of this pathway. Another mating-responsive gene expressed in fat, Juvenile hormone esterase (Jhe), is necessary for robust male courtship behavior and mating success. Our study demonstrates that mating causes changes in male head gene expression profiles and supports an increasing body of work implicating adipose signaling in behavior modulation. Since several mating-induced genes are sex-determination hierarchy target genes, additional mating-responsive loci may be downstream components of this pathway as well.
Hypercube estimators

Hypercube estimators for the mean vector in a general linear model include algebraic equivalents to penalized least squares estimators with quadratic penalties and to submodel least squares estimators. Penalized least squares estimators necessarily break down numerically for certain penalty matrices. Equivalent hypercube estimators resist this source of numerical instability. Under conditions, adaptation over a class of candidate hypercube estimators, so as to minimize the estimated quadratic risk, also minimizes the asymptotic risk under the general linear model. Numerical stability of hypercube estimators assists trustworthy adaptation. Hypercube estimators have broad applicability to any statistical methodology that involves penalized least squares. Notably, they extend to general designs the risk reduction achieved by Stein's multiple shrinkage estimators for balanced observations on an array of means.
Prediction of the present sunspot cycle

In a recent paper [Mcnish and Lincoln, 1949], the writers presented a method for predicting smoothed annual sunspot numbers. This method was devised to assist in the prediction of maximum usable frequencies for radio communication, which are known to be closely correlated with the sunspot number. The method consists of determining a “mean” sunspot cycle by forming averages of past observations for successive years after observed sunspot minima. Predictions are then made for each year by calculating the amount that the observed sunspot number for that year may be expected to exceed or fall short of the mean cycle for that epoch on the basis of the excess or deficiency exhibited by the sunspot number for the year in which the prediction was made. The prediction is calculated from a linear equation, using parameters selected to give the best prediction, in the sense of least squares, in respect to past data.
Indications, contraindications, and complications of endoscopic ultrasonography

(Observe all EUS procedures from "day 1") A. Study gross anatomy B. Study cross-section anatomy 1. Han/Kim, Sectional human anatomy 2. CT--atlases 3. CT/MRI--teaching files C. Interpretation (to develop true expertise, the endoscopist must continue this area of study regularly throughout his or her career) 1. EUS texts (as listed above under "Technical training"); study indications, contraindications, and complications of EUS 2. Articles from medical literature 3. R6sch, Endoscopic Ultrasonography Parts I and II (Gastrointest Endosc Clin North Am, July and October 1995) 4. Manual for Staging of Cancer, 4th ed., 1992, American Joint Committee on Cancer 5. CD-ROM program--Tio (Olympus) 6. CME courses 7. Tutorials--small group D. Recording and follow-up 1. Review videotapes of EUS and related endoscopic findings 2. Review EUS and endoscopy print file 3. Obtain, record, and evaluate results of surgical pathology to determine diagnostic accuracy of EUS
Case report 279

Hyperparathyroidisme secondaire du a l'insuffisance renale chronique avec erosion de la surface articulaire des deux rotules
Entanglement of two interacting bosons in a two-dimensional isotropic harmonic trap

We compute the pair entanglement between two interacting bosons in a two-dimensional (2D) isotropic harmonic trap. The interaction potential is modelled by a 2D regularized pseudopotential. By analytically decomposing the wave function into the single particle basis, we show the dependency of the pair entanglement on the scattering length. Our results turn out to be in good agreements with earlier results using a quasi-2D geometry.
Contribution to the micro-dumas method

Some phases of the Micro-Dumas method have been studied, and the magnitude of several errors encountered determined. The amount of air adsorbed to the CuO charge of the tube and often the air content of the CO2 used should be corrected in more accurate measurements. A new determination of the volume reduction of the azotometer capillary by the KOH solution yielded smaller corrections than applied heretofore. Minor alternations in the course of analysis and the method of calculating the results are therefore advised.
The acquisition of parafoveal word information in reading.

A somewhat counterintuitive finding has emerged from experiments that restrict the “win-dow” of visual information available on a fixation during reading: fixation duration increases even though there is less information to process on a fixation. The two most likely explanations for this phenomenon are: (1) that the reader extracts abnormal information outside the window and this slows down processing; (2) that a restricted window does not allow a preview of a word before it is fixated, and hence identification of the word is slower when the word subsequently is fixated. In the present experiments, these two alternatives were tested. Conditions in which the size of the window alternated between fixations were compared with conditions in which the size of the window remained constant from fixation to fixation. This manipulation allowed us to separate effects due to restriction of the size of the window on the current fixation from preview benefits (which would be due to restriction of the size of the window on the prior fixation). Two experiments demonstrated clear beneficial effects on fixation duration due to receiving a preview of a word onthe fixation prior to when it was fixated. In contrast, restriction of the size of the window had only marginal effects on the fixation on which that restriction occurred. In addition, a subsidiary analysis suggested that the benefit of previewing a word was influenced by its length; for short words, a preview primarily allowed the reader to skip the word more frequently, whereas for longer words,a preview primarily shortened the fixation time on the word when it was later fixated.
The popcorn plaques.

Imaging of inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions may identify plaques vulnerable to rupture, and lead to better assessment of individuals at risk for acute coronary events such as myocardial infarction ( pages 636–641 ).
Genetically modified bacteria as a tool to detect microscopic solid tumor masses with triggered release of a recombinant biomarker

Current tomographic methods of cancer detection have limited sensitivity and are unable to detect malignant masses smaller than half a centimeter in diameter. Mortality from tumor recurrence and metastatic disease would be reduced if small lesions could be detected earlier. To overcome this limitation, we created a detection system that combines the specificity of tumor-targeting bacteria with the sensitivity of a synthetic biomarker. Bacteria, specifically Salmonella, preferentially accumulate in tumors and microscopic metastases as small as five cell layers thick. To create tumor detecting bacteria, an attenuated strain of Salmonella was engineered to express and release the fluorescent protein ZsGreen. A single-layer antibody method was developed to measure low concentrations of ZsGreen. Engineered bacteria were administered to a microfluidic tumor-on-a-chip device to measure protein production. In culture, half of produced ZsGreen was released by viable bacteria at a rate of 87.6 fg bacterium−1 h−1. Single-layer antibody dots were able to detect bacterially produced ZsGreen at concentrations down to 4.5 ng ml−1. Bacteria colonized in 0.12 mm3 of tumor tissue in the microfluidic device released ZsGreen at a rate of 23.9 μg h−1. This release demonstrates that ZsGreen readily diffuses through tissue and accumulates at detectable concentrations. Based on a mathematical pharmacokinetic model, the measured rate of release would enable detection of 0.043 mm3 tumor masses, which is 2600 times smaller than the current limit of tomographic techniques. Tumor-detecting bacteria would provide a sensitive, minimally invasive method to detect tumor recurrence, monitor treatment efficacy, and identify the onset of metastatic disease.
Origin of rapidly solidified metal-troilite grains in chondrites and iron meteorites

Quantitative evidence is adduced by cooling rate calculations for the impact melting, on the surface of a parent body, of troilite and metallic Fe, Ni inclusions found on 12 ordinary chondrites rather than their formation at depth from an internally derived melt. In the case of the Shaw and Rose City breccias of unmelted and melted material, their melted metal need not have cooled through 1000 C within a few meters of the surface. Shock-melted, fine-grained, irregular intergrowths of metal and troilite form in situ in many irons and some chondrites by rapid solidification at cooling rates greater than 100,000 C/sec, so that their kamacite and taenite compositions may result from annealing of metallic glass or very fine quench products at about 250 C.
Personal Constructs of Stimulus Sex Differences as Determined by Sex of Subjects

The framework of personal construct theory was used to evaluate the differential perceptions of men and women stimulus persons as developed by male and female subjects. Results of four factor analyses revealed differential perceptions due to both the sex of the stimuli and the sex of the subject. Expressive traits were a central component of these results. Although the attribution of expressive traits was not dependent on the sex of the stimuli nor on the sex of the subject, women stimulus persons primarily were evaluated on this dimension by male subjects. In addition, female subjects were more certain of the attribution of negative traits and were surprisingly negative toward intelligent women.
Partial purification and characterization of a mannuronan-specific alginate lyase fromPseudomonas aeruginosa

Production of a thick exopolysaccharide coat (alginate) by mucoid strains ofPseudomonas aeruginosa has been shown to contribute to the pathogenicity and persistence of these bacteria in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis. Previous studies have shown that some mucoidP. aeruginosa strains produce an enzyme(s) capable of degrading this alginate coat. In this study, an alginate lyase from mucoidP. aeruginosa strain WcM#2 was isolated and characterized. Lyase production was enhanced by the addition of 0.2–0.3m NaCl to the growth media. The lyase was eluted from an alginate-Sepharose affinity column with 0.5m NaCl, which can serve as a simple one-step purification protocol for obtaining semi-pure functional alginate lyase. Fractionation of the enzyme preparation on a Sephadex G-75 sizing column showed that the enzyme has an apparent molecular weight of 40,000, whereas sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) suggested a molecular weight of approximately 43,000. The affinity-purified enzyme had a pH optimum of 9.0, its activity was enhanced in the presence of 0.3m NaCl, and it showed substrate specificity for polymannuronic acid blocks. These results demonstrate the presence of a mannuronan-specific alginate lyase inP. aeruginosa that differs in several respects from previous reports ofP. aeruginosa alginate lyases.
Overview of the polar ozone issue

The causes of the Antarctic ozone depletion are discussed together with the role of the polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs, which are ice clouds that form towards spring over Antarctica in the altitude range of 10-20 km) in the process of ozone depletion. Evidence is presented suggesting that heterogeneous chemical reactions occurring on the surfaces of the PSCs could dramatically deplete the abundances of reactive nitrogen compounds and enhance those of reactive chlorine species which are responsible for ozone depletion. It was also shown that the surface reactions are not limited to ice clouds but can also take place on the liquid sulfuric acid aerosols present at lower latitudes, indicating that heterogeneous chemistry may take place to some extent on a global scale. Finaly, observations of low-abundance NO2 in north polar regions suggests that heterogeneous removal of reactive nitrogen may well be occurring in the Arctic, with possible attendant applications for Arctic ozone.
Optical properties and laser demonstrations of Nd-doped sol-gel silica glasses

Abstract Nd-doped sol-gel silica glasses possessing optical quality that was adequate for a simple demonstration of laser action have been prepared. The highest quantum yield and longest emission lifetime obtained were 55% and 425 μs, respectively, for an Nd doping level of 0.36 × 1020 cm−3. The optical scattering loss was found to be on the order of 4.5%/cm. The sol-gel samples were prepared using a novel combination of techniques, including, for example, the employment of a particulate silica filler material to ensure crack-free drying, and the addition of propylene oxide to reduce the gelation time.
Free-space parallel multichip interconnection system

A parallel data-communication scheme is described for interchip communication with free-space optics. We present a proof-of-concept and feasibility demonstration of a practical modular packaging approach in which free-space optical interconnect modules can be simply integrated on top of an electronic multichip module (MCM). Our packaging architecture is based on a modified folded 4-f imaging system that is implemented with off-the-shelf optics, conventional electronic packaging techniques, and passive assembly techniques to yield a potentially low-cost packaging solution. The prototype system, as built, supports 48 independent free-space channels with eight separate laser and detector chips, in which each chip consists of a one-dimensional array of 12 devices. All chips are assembled on a single ceramic carrier together with three silicon complementary metal-oxide semiconductor chips. Parallel optoelectronic (OE) free-space interconnections are demonstrated at a speed of 200 MHz. The system is compact at only 10 in.3 (∼164 cm3) and is scalable because it can easily accommodate additional chips as well as two-dimensional OE device arrays for increased interconnection density.
TRP channels as cellular sensors

TRP channels are the vanguard of our sensory systems, responding to temperature, touch, pain, osmolarity, pheromones, taste and other stimuli. But their role is much broader than classical sensory transduction. They are an ancient sensory apparatus for the cell, not just the multicellular organism, and they have been adapted to respond to all manner of stimuli, from both within and outside the cell.
Speciation of Charged Complexes by Donnan Dialysis

Abstract The assignment of metal complexes to various regimes on the basis of their dissociation kinetics is one type of metal speciation study. The most common scheme, which involves column ion-exchange as a means of separating free metal ions and metals in the form of highly labile complexes from other forms of metals in the sample, is demonstrated to categorize incorrectly stable, charged complexes such as iron(II) and nickel(II) o-phenanthroline as labile. Donnan dialysis is an alternative ion-exchange method for metal speciation studies. Data are provided which demonstrate that the above complexes are correctly assigned by the Donnan dialysis method. The relative labilities of ethylenediamine and triethylenetetramine complexes of iron (II) and nickel (II) are also correctly determined by Donnan dialysis.
Pulsed Doppler echocardiographic analysis of mitral regurgitation after myocardial infarction.

Abstract In 72 patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI), mitral regurgitation (MR) was assessed by pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography and compared with physical and 2-dimensional echocardiographic findings. MR was found by Doppler in 29 of 42 patients (62%) with anterior MI, 11 of 30 (37%) with inferior MI (p
Duplexiphane: A Polyaromatic Receptor Containing Two Adjoined Δ-Shaped Cavities for an Efficient Hopping of a Single Silver Cation

A simple synthesis of a polyaromatic receptor (i.e., duplexiphane) containing two adjoined Δ-shaped cavities is accomplished via an intramolecular (double) McMurry coupling, and its structure is established by X-ray crystallography. The binding of silver cation to duplexiphane showed that it binds only a single silver cation with significantly higher efficiency (>100 times) than a model compound containing only one π-prismand-like cavity, and the single silver cation hops intramolecularly between the two adjoined cavities in duplexiphane.
The Growing Menace of Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

As we read anxiously about the possibility of a worldwide pandemic of avian influenza, another epidemic is actually happening. Methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), discuss...
Stereotypies in caged canaries

Summary Two common repetitive stereotypies in caged canaries are described. These are labelled, some-what descriptively, as spot-picking and routetracing. Stereotypies in these canaries were counted in 5-min observation periods (not including time spent by the birds in feeding, preening, and singing). A test series consisted of 12 of these observation periods, one on each of 12 successive days. Several experiments were designed to examine factors which might tend to increase or decrease stereotypy frequencies. Cage size, duration of confinement, and the sex of the birds were found to exert no effect on stereotypy levels. Time of day did influence route-tracing frequencies, but this effect seemed related to a general daily activity rhythm. Opportunities for social interaction with other canaries did reduce stereotyping frequencies, although interaction with another species exerted no effect. It is suggested that changes in the levels of stereotyping can be effected by providing opportunities for alternative activity, but that the development of stereotypies results from factors related to early rearing conditions
Understanding assertion: Lessons from the false belief task

Abstract This paper uses recent research in developmental psychology regarding the acquisition of the concept of belief in young children to explore the contrast between a disposition-based account of the principles underlying linguistic communication and the representative and highly influential intention-based accounts of assertional practice advanced by David Lewis and Donald Davidson. Indeed, evidence from recent work in developmental psychology would seem to suggest that disposition-based accounts are not only possible accounts of the acquisition of competence in assertional practice, but are in fact better than their rivals in explaining the way such competence is actually acquired.
Data Acquistion Geometry And 3-D DMO

A physical model study was designed to better understand the effects of data acquisition geometry on 3D DMO process. In particular, when sourcereceiver azimuths are consistently within narrow range on a 3D seismic survey, the 3D DMO is generally successful in correcting the CMP gathers to zero-offset. On the other hand, the wide-range azimuth data may or may not be well handled by 3D DMO when compared with narrow-azimuth data. To better understand the azimuth influence, we are gathering 3D physical model data over a simple structure to demonstrate the different results of 3D DMO applied to wideand narrow-azimuth data with similar offset parameters. In this manner, we record two contrasting surveys, one with a wide range of azimuths and one with a narrow range (in this study, we specified “narrow” as 30°). The wide azimuth survey contains six azimuths from 15° to 165° (Figure l(a)); the narrow azimuth survey contains six azimuth from 75° to 105° (Figure l(b)). For each survey, the CMP bins contain five offsets for each azimuth, from 1000 ft to 11000 ft, with an increment of 2500 ft.
Suppression of the rat's locomotor activity at low intensities of electric footshock

Over 50% of all just noticeably different footshock intensities lie below ,3 mA for rats. Unfortunately, the suppression of the rat’s locomotor activity by low-intensity footshock precludes the use of these shock intensities in active escape or avoidance training. This activity-suppression effect was demonstrated in an alley and in a tilt cage. One explanation of this effect is that rats remain relatively immobile in order to avoid painful peaks in current density that occur when the animals’ paws make or break contact with “hot” grids. If this explanation is correct, the activity-suppression effect should be more pronounced with higher impedance shock sources. Some evidence is reported that is consistent with this explanation.
Inhibition of Octopamine-Stimulated Adenylate Cyclase Activity in Two-Spotted Mites by Dicofol and Related Diphenylcarbinol Acaricides

Abstract Three diphenylcarbinol acaricides (dicofol, chlorobenzilate, and bromopropylate) and three structurally related diphenylethane insecticides (p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT, and methoxychlor) were evaluated as inhibitors of octopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in membrane preparations from whole homogenates of two-spotted mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch). In survey experiments, a high concentration (100 μM) of each of the three diphenylcarbinols produced complete or almost complete inhibition of the octopamine-stimulated component of adenylate cyclase activity, whereas the three diphenylethanes had no significant effect when assayed at the same concentration. Dicofol, chlorobenzilate, and bromopropylate each gave biphasic concentration-effect curves for the inhibition of octopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity having a sensitive component of inhibition detectable between 0.01 and 0.1 μM, a plateau at approximately 20 to 30% inhibition in the concentration range of 0.1 to 1 μM, and a less sensitive component of inhibition evident between 1 and 100 μM. Concentrations of dicofol that produced complete inhibition of octopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity had no effect on forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. Membrane preparations isolated from a strain of mites exhibiting resistance to diphenylcarbinols and cross-resistance to amitraz showed unaltered sensitivity to amitraz as a stimulator of adenylate cyclase activity and to dicofol as an inhibitor of octopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. These results identify a novel action of diphenylcarbinol acaricides that does not extend to structurally related diphenylethane insecticides and suggest that the octopamine receptor-adenylate cyclase signal transduction pathway may be an important target site for diphenylcarbinols.
Inhibition of tumor transplantation by DNA.

Abstract DNA prepared from W-256 carcinosarcoma or Crocker sarcoma-180 when incubated with cell suspensions of these tumors markedly inhibited their transplantability. DNA derived from the liver of healthy rats was also inhibitory to transplantation of W-256 carcinosarcoma in rats. Treatment of deoxynucleoprotein preparations from these tumors with proteolytic enzymes enhanced their effectiveness as inhibitors while exposure of the DNA to deoxyribonuclease suppressed their inhibitory effect.
Mutational Analysis Gives Insight into Substrate Preferences of a Nucleotidyl Cyclase from Mycobacterium avium

Mutational, crystallographic and phylogenetic analysis of nucleotidyl cyclases have been used to understand how these enzymes discriminate between substrates. Ma1120, a class III adenylyl cyclase (AC) from Mycobacterium avium, was used as a model to study the amino acid residues that determine substrate preference, by systematically replacing ATP specifying residues with those known to specify GTP. This enzyme was found to possess residual guanylyl cyclase (GC) activity at alkaline pH. Replacement of key residues lysine (101) and aspartate (157) with residues conserved across GCs by site directed mutagenesis, led to a marked improvement in GC activity and a decrease in AC activity. This could be correlated to the presence and strength of the hydrogen bond between the second substrate binding residue (157) and the base of the nucleotide triphosphate. This is substantiated by the fact that the pH optimum is highly dependent on the amino acid residues present at positions 101 and 157.
Influence of blade tip cutting on axial compressor aerodynamic performance

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to numerically investigate the function of blade tip cutting on axial flow compressors. The subject of this article is a subsonic compressor stage built and tested by Northwest Polytechnic University. The effect of cutting material from the blade pressure side is first analysed as an isolated rotor, and then in the environment of a stage with a downstream stator. The tool used for simulation is commercial computational fluid dynamics package of NUMECA. The numerical results show the possibility of increasing the rotor/stage pressure ratio and improve rotor efficiency by finding the right cut. The most significant effect of blade tip cutting is that it redistributes the load along blade span. When the adjusted load shape now fits with the downstream stator, the advantage of blade tip cut can be magnified; on the contrary, if the shape is not compatible with the downstream load, then the configuration that favours the performance of the rotor may deteriorate than that ...
Analysis of the Performance of Adult Women in Missouri On Three General Examinations of the College Level Examination Program

Between September, 1967 and February, 1968, three of the Gen eral Examinations of the College Level Examination Program were administered to 319 Missouri women, aged 25-73, for the purpose of comparing their test performance with that of regularly enrolled freshman and sophomore college women, and of developing norma tive data for adult women. Personal data provided several vari ables which were analyzed to determine which ones were signifi cantly related to satisfactory performance on these tests. Recency of formal enrollment in school or college was significant at the 5% level only for the Natural Sciences test. These and other find ings have important implications for counselors of adults, college admissions officers, and employers of mature women.
Building better teams in surgery.

This manuscript represents an overview of a presentation at the SSAT 49th annual meeting which describes the evolution of the author’s work within surgery to build and advance teamwork into processes of care.
Coproantibody response in humans following T.A.B. vaccination.

SummaryThese results fail to indicate any rise in fecal agglutinin titer prior to the appearance of blood serum agglutinins. In this respect and also in regard to the irregularity of antibody appearance in the feces of human subjects following T. A. B. vaccination our results differ from the regular and rapid appearance of coproantibody reported to follow cholera vaccination.
Genetic predisposition and the development of posttraumatic stress disorder in an animal model.

Abstract Background: Exposure to extremely stressful events can lead to Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Due to the complexity of PTSD, animal models have been designed and advanced to address the role of psychosocial stressors in the etiology; however, the apparent role of genetics in susceptibility to PTSD-like behaviors in animals remains unexplored. Methods: An animal model of congenital learned helpless (cLH) behavior has been used to study the effects of genetic disposition as a risk factor for the development of PTSD-like behaviors. Animals were monitored for changes in pain tolerance, spatial memory and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal functioning after re-exposure to intermittent stress in the presence and absence of situational cues. Results: Exposure to stress resulted in an increase in pain tolerance in the cLH animals. In the spatial memory test 80% of the cLH animals manifested a decrease in performance after exposure to stress. These animals also had a blunted poststress corticosterone response. Conclusions: The genetic learned helpless animal model exhibited physiologic symptoms of analgesia, cognitive deficits and hyporesponsivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis similar to those observed in human subjects with PTSD. It is proposed that the cLH model may be a valuable tool for exploring the role of genetic predisposition in the etiology of PTSD.
Regimes terapêuticos e controlo glicémico nos diabéticos tipo 2 de uma unidade de saúde familiar

Resumo Objetivos Descrever as caracteristicas demograficas, controlo metabolico, comorbilidades e tratamento farmacologico dos diabeticos seguidos numa unidade de saude familiar (USF). Tipo de estudo Observacional, transversal e analitico. Local e populacao Foram estudados todos os diabeticos tipo 2 de uma USF. Metodos Foram consultados os registos informaticos relativos ao ano civil de 2011. Resultados A prevalencia de diabetes mellitus (DM) tipo 2 foi estimada em 4,58%. Analisaram‐se os registos de 671 diabeticos, 52,2% homens. A media da HbA1c foi de 6,2 ± 1,1% sendo que 68,1% apresentava valores ≤ 6,5%. A prevalencia de HTA e a de dislipidemia foi de 76,5%, excesso de peso 46% e obesidade 43,2%. Verificou‐se uma associacao positiva do valor de HbA1c com o tempo de duracao da diabetes (p Discussao A prevalencia de DM tipo 2 nesta populacao foi notavelmente inferior em relacao ao que esta publicado, podendo alertar para um subdiagnostico nesta USF. O valor medio de HbA1c nesta populacao reflete provavelmente o empenho na intervencao desta patologia. Os resultados deste estudo suportam as recomendacoes em individualizar o valor alvo de HbA1c, enfatizando a importância de uma abordagem multifatorial no tratamento da diabetes, associada a um acompanhamento continuo.
Headgroup-dependent lipid self-assembly on zirconium phosphate-terminated interfaces.

We report on the self-assembly of selected phospholipids on a Zr phosphate-terminated thiol self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formed on a planar Au surface. The gold substrates were first reacted with 6-mercapto-1-hexanol and then treated with POCl3 and ZrOCl2(aq) prior to exposure to phospholipids. The phospholipids used for adlayer formation were 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidic acid (DMPA), 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE), 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)] (DMPG), and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-l-serine] (DMPS), and deposition was accomplished through vesicle fusion. The resulting interfaces were characterized using optical ellipsometry and water contact angle measurements, and cyclic voltammetry was used to interrogate the quality of the phospholipid adlayers. Our data indicate that the strongest lipid−interface interaction is with DMPA, whereas DMPC produces a slightly less org...
Distributing resources in hypercube computers

Given a type of resource such as disk units, extra memory modules, connections to the host processor, or software modules, we consider the problem of distributing the resource units to processors in a hypercube computer so that certain performance requirements are met at minimal cost. Typical requirements include the condition that every processor is within a given distance of a resource unit, that every processor is within a given distance of each of several resources, and that every m-dimensional subcube contains a resource unit. The latter is particularly important in a multiuser system in which different users are given their own subcubes. In this setting, we also consider the problem of meeting the performance requirements at minimal cost when the subcube allocation system cannot allocate all possible subcubes and the requirements apply only to allocable subcubes. We also analyze the problem of partitioning processors with resources into different classes, requiring that every processor is within a given distance of, or in a subcube of given dimension with, a member of each class. Efficient constructive techniques for distributing or partitioning a resource are given for several performance requirements, along with upper and lower bounds on the total number of resource units required.
Hate speech and the mind-body problem: A critique of postmodern censorship theory

—S. Johnson and S. Fish S TANLEY F ISH , T HERE ’ S N O S UCH T HING AS F REE S PEECH —A ND It’ S A G OOD T HING , T OO 102 (1994). It is a fair summary of history to say that the safeguards of liberty have frequently been forged in controversies involving not very nice people. —F. Frankfurter United States v. Rabinowitz, 339 U.S. 56, 69 (1950) (Frankfurter, J., dissenting). There is a new reason for censorship. It has to do with the “mind-body problem” and, although philosophers are still working on this problem, preliminary results indicate that some of our most cherished First Amendment principles are at best “surprisingly naive” and at worst “a metaphysical mistake.” Susan J. Brison, Speech, Harm, and the Mind-Body Problem in First Amendment Jurisprudence , 4 L EGAL T HEORY 39, 40, 61 (1998). Briefly put, the mind and the body are intimately, if somewhat mysteriously, connected. Hate speech, which causes mental distress, also causes physical distress. Hate speech thus deserves no special place in our pantheon of expressive liberties and should receive no greater constitutional protection than ordinary physical crimes such as assault.
Effect of Streptolysin-O on Rat HEPATIC Acetyl Coenzyme- A: Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase and Cytochrome P-450 2B1/2 Activities Ex Vivo

Numerous immunostimulants have been found to increase N-acetylation in vivo but are not associated with a similar increase in vitro. Streptolysin-O (SLO), a thiol-activated (oxygen-labile) hemolytic and immune-stimulating exotoxin produced by group A streptococci, has been reported to increase the metabolic rate constant for sulfamethazine in vivo and arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity toward procainamide (PA) ex vivo. The effect of SLO pretreatment of rats on cytochrome P-450-catalyzed tolbutamide hydroxylation and NAT activities toward PA (a substrate for NAT1), and p-aminobenzoic acid (a substrate for NAT2) was examined ex vivo. Subacute SLO (SIGMA Chemical Company, St. Louis, MO) pretreatment (100 Hemolytic Units/kg/day, intraperitoneal, for 4 days) did not alter body weight, liver weight or cytosolic protein content as compared with controls. SLO-pretreatment did not alter NAT activities measured ex vivo, nor was an alteration in tolbutamide hydroxylation observed. Pretreatment with an alternative SLO preparation (DIFCO Laboratories, Detroit, MI) also failed to alter the parameters of body weight, liver weight or cytosolic protein content as compared with controls. While treated animals had significantly reduced microsomal protein content, SLO pretreatment failed to alter the enzyme activities measured. We conclude that SLO does not serve as a useful model immunostimulant for mechanistic studies as it produces no consistent effect on drug metabolizing enzymes.