cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How has COVID-19 Impacted Customer Relationship Dynamics at Restaurant Food Delivery Businesses? (preprint)

In this paper, we quantify the impact of COVID-19 on customer purchase behaviors -- customer acquisition, retention, ordering, and spending -- within the restaurant food delivery category in the United States and assess the mechanisms through which these effects have arisen using a unique collection of data sources. Our results suggest that pre-pandemic customer purchase trends were unfavorable, with falling acquisitions and weakening cross-cohort repeat purchase dynamics. COVID-19's impact has been significant, creating $19.3 billion in incremental sales for the category in 2020, or 69% of the overall year-on-year increase in sales. This increase was primarily due to higher purchase frequency from already-active pre-COVID customers and an increase in average order size, not due to changes in customer acquisition and retention. Turning to mechanisms, we find that this growth is primarily attributable to substitution away from restaurant dine-in; while increased stay-at-home behavior has increased customer adoption and order size, it has actually dampened overall sales growth. These results call into question the long-run sustainability of the pandemic-fueled growth in delivery sales, should on-premise dining meaningfully recover after it returns to being a safe activity.
Accessibility of postgraduate training program information to graduates from US doctor of pharmacy programs holding F-1 visas.

DISCLAIMER In an effort to expedite the publication of articles , AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. PURPOSE To evaluate information provided by residency and fellowship programs to graduates of Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education-accredited doctor of pharmacy programs holding F-1 visas who are seeking postgraduate training opportunities. METHODS A 2-phase review of all US-based postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) residency and fellowship programs was conducted. In phase 1, program eligibility criteria were reviewed from the residency and fellowship directories published by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) and American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP). In phase 2, the postgraduate programs' official websites were reviewed for additional information. Each program was evaluated to determine the eligibility of international students with F-1 visa or Optional Practical Training (OPT) status, visa sponsorship and work authorization opportunities, and citizenship requirements. Programs were classified as eligible or noneligible to international students or as not providing sufficient information. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. RESULTS A total of 1,455 ASHP PGY1 programs and 69 fellowship programs were included in our analysis. In phase 1, there were 3 eligible programs accepting applicants with F-1/OPT status and 377 noneligible programs. In phase 2, there were 10 eligible programs accepting applicants with F-1/OPT status or providing H-1B sponsorship and 410 noneligible programs. Over 70% of programs (phase 1, n = 1,075; phase 2, n = 1,035) were classified as providing no information. None of the fellowship programs were classified as eligible in our review. CONCLUSION Most residency and fellowship programs did not provide clear eligibility criteria for students with F-1/OPT status. Only a few programs clearly stated that they would accept applicants with F-1/OPT status or provide visa sponsorship to graduates holding F-1 visas.
Foucault and the Historiography of Early Hellenistic Philosophy

In his 1981–82 lectures The Hermeneutics of the Subject, Michel Foucault claims that a significant portion of the modern historiography of ancient philosophy tends to discredit the ethical framewor...
Antigen identification and high-throughput interaction mapping by reprogramming viral entry

Deciphering immune recognition is critical for understanding a broad range of diseases and for the development of effective vaccines and immunotherapies. Efforts to do so are limited by a lack of technologies capable of simultaneously capturing the complexity of adaptive immune receptor repertoires and the landscape of potential antigens. To address this, we present RAPTR (Receptor-Antigen Pairing by Targeted Retroviruses). RAPTR combines viral pseudotyping and molecular engineering approaches to enable one-pot library on library interaction screens by displaying antigens on the surface of lentiviruses and encoding their identity in the viral genome. Antigen-specific viral infection of cells allows readout of both antigen and receptor identities via single-cell sequencing. The resulting system is modular, scalable, and compatible with any cell type, making it easily implemented. These techniques provide a suite of new tools for targeted viral entry, molecular engineering, and interaction screens with broad potential applications.
Scattering for the radial defocusing cubic nonlinear wave equation with initial data in the critical Sobolev space

We prove global well-posedness and scattering for the defocusing cubic nonlinear wave equation on R1+3 with radial initial data lying in the critical Sobolev space H˙1∕2(R3)×H˙−1∕2(R3). This result is sharp for radial initial data.
Electro-Optic Switching in Silicon-Rich Nitride

We demonstrate electro-optic switching using the DC-Kerr effects in a bus-coupled integrated photonic racetrack ring resonator made of Silicon-rich Nitride and find its third order nonlinear susceptibility, χ(3), of 6x10-19 m2/v2.
Dolostone-Hosted Sulfide Occurrences in Silurian Strata, Appalachian Basin of New York

During the middle Silurian, at about 420 Ma, the Lockport strata (mostly dolostone) formed under peritidal conditions in an arid evaporitic setting. The environment of deposition was that of a shoaling-upward sequence from subtidal to intertidal and, subsequently, a supratidal setting followed by subaerial emergence. Under subaerial conditions now mineral-filled former vugs and cavities, and solution breccias, resulted from dissolution of evaporites by surface and near-surface percolating freshwaters. Vugs, cavities and solution-collapse breccias formed under subaerial conditions, representing an unconformity setting.
A Layered Context Perspective on the Design of Enterprises and Information Systems

Most information systems requirements approaches mirror the techniques of business planning methods prevalent in the 1960s and 1970s. This was a period in which requirements, like plans, could be established in advance, and then implemented. Gradual changes in requirements could be analyzed and foreseen, and could result in slight modification requests.
Buckley–James Type Estimator for Censored Data with Covariates Missing by Design

Abstract. The Buckley–James estimator (BJE) is a well-known estimator for linear regression models with censored data. Ritov has generalized the BJE to a semiparametric setting and demonstrated that his class of Buckley–James type estimators is asymptotically equivalent to the class of rank-based estimators proposed by Tsiatis. In this article, we revisit such relationship in censored data with covariates missing by design. By exploring a similar relationship between our proposed class of Buckley–James type estimating functions to the class of rank-based estimating functions recently generalized by Nan, Kalbfleisch and Yu, we establish asymptotic properties of our proposed estimators. We also conduct numerical studies to compare asymptotic efficiencies from various estimators.
An early implementation of a DAVIC V1.0 system — use of dynamic connections for interactive multimedia services

Advances in networking technology and the provision of greater wide area bandwidths are the catalysts for the emergence of new broadband services in both the business and residential market. This is in turn producing new, more complex, business models involving service consumers, content providers, service brokers and network connectivity providers. Such business models require the underlying technology to enable sophisticated network signalling to set up, monitor and tear down connections reliably and in real time. This paper describes the evolution of a broadband call control demonstrator believed to be the first of its kind in the world to provide a practical realisation of the signalling required in such business models. It focuses on signalling and switch control and has developed into an end-to-end implementation of a Digital Audio Visual Council (DAVIC) V1.0 system. The evolution of the switch control and signalling architecture is described, showing where existing standards have been implemented to provide basic connectivity across an ATM network. Additional capabilities are built upon this platform through the adoption of emerging signalling concepts, such as session control, and application control using distributed object-oriented principles, for the access and control of a video-on-demand service. To further understand the evolutionary path for emerging consumer systems, the paper illustrates how work was undertaken to separate set-top box (STB) functionality into a set-top unit (STU) and a network interface unit (NIU), allowing easier access to future broadband network capabilities.
Incomplete data and generalization of indiscernibility relation, definability, and approximations

In incomplete data missing attribute values may be universally interpreted in several ways. Four approaches to missing attribute values are discussed in this paper: lost values, ”do not care” conditions, restricted ”do not care” conditions, and attribute-concept values. Rough set ideas, such as attribute-value pair blocks, characteristic sets, characteristic relations and generalization of lower and upper approximations are used in these four approaches. A generalized rough set methodology, achieved in the process, may be used for other applications as well. Additionally, this generalized methodology is compared with other extensions of rough set concepts.
Communities as Critical Partners in Teacher Education: The Impact of Community Immersion on Teacher Candidates' Understanding of Self and Teaching in Urban Schools

Communities play a critical role in helping teacher candidates understand the social and historical aspects of community and their impact on schools, students and families, particularly in urban communities. Communities should be integral and equal partners in preparing teachers for today’s diverse schools. This paper focuses on utilizing the community as a space for preparing urban teachers. It describes a study of an urban community immersion experience in teacher education at a predominantly white institution. This qualitative study was guided by two research questions, “How have these community immersion experiences influenced candidates’ understanding of self?” and “How have these experiences influenced candidates’ identity as a teacher in urban schools?” Findings suggest that carefully designed community experiences can have significant impact on teacher candidates’ understanding of self and their identity as teachers in urban schools.
An algorithm and architecture for approximate string matching

Approximate string matching attempts to determine how similar two strings are. An algorithm is developed for determining relative string similarity. An architecture for comparing strings using this algorithm is also developed. Using parallelism and iterative techniques, the similarity value is calculated. The length and number of matching substrings determine the amount of similarity. >
Automating the purchasing and inventory control functions

Factors involved in computerizing the purchasing and inventory control functions in hospital pharmacies are described. When initiating an automated purchasing and inventory control system, a feasibility study should first be conducted to determine the extent of automation needed to develop a cost-effective system. The design of the system will depend on the extent to which the department of materials management is involved with other hospital departments. The advantages and disadvantages of decentralized versus centralized systems are discussed, and criteria for selecting hardware and software vendors are presented. A return-on-investment analysis should be performed to validate the benefits or savings expected from implementing the new automated system. Factors to consider during implementation of the new system and future developments affecting purchasing and inventory control systems, such as bar coding, are discussed. With the current concern about rapidly rising health-care costs and the need to enhance productivity, the development and implementation of automated purchasing and inventory control systems are important strategies for institutions to pursue now.
Lowered Evans models: analytic distribution functions of oblate halo potentials

We describe an analytic distribution function of a finite, oblate stellar system that is useful for the practical modelling of dark halos. The function is determined by lowering Evans's (1993) distribution function of a flattened, cored isothermal system in analogy to the lowering of the singular, isothermal sphere in the definition of the King (1966) models. We derive analytic expressions of the density, maximal streaming velocity and velocity dispersion profiles as a function of the potential. As for the King models, the potential must be calculated numerically. We also present a recipe for generating N-body realizations of this distribution function and examine the stability in three models with dimensionless spins $\lambda=$0.0, 0.05 and 0.18 using N-body simulations with 50,000 particles. The $\lambda=0.18$ model is unstable to the formation of a triaxial bar within $\sim 5$ King radii while the other models appear stable. We conclude that the slowly rotating systems are useful for modelling flattened dark halos.
Alteration of the complement system in children with acquired thyroid disease.

Abstract The complement system was studied in detail in 23 children with acquired thyroid disease of various etiologies. Seventeen patients had elevated titers of antithyroglobulin and/or antimicrosomal antibodies; 16 had complement abnormalities. Five of 6 patients with thyromegaly, but without circulating antibodies, also had alterations in serum complement. Of the 21 children with complement abnormalities, 13 had alterations in the classical pathway consisting of decreased serum levels of C4 or C2. Serum levels of C1 and the ability of these sera to lyse an antibody-coated target cell or consume C3–C9 with a preformed immune precipitate were normal. Alternative pathway abnormalities were also present in 8 of these 13 patients while isolated alternative pathway changes were found in another eight patients. Alternative pathway abnormalities were varied and consisted of depressed serum levels of factor B, properdin, and/or properdin convertase. In addition, various sera failed to support the lysis of rabbit erythrocytes or C3–C9 consumption with zymosan and/or cobra venom factor. Analysis of multiple specimens from 10 patients over a period of one year revealed the persistence of the original complement abnormalities. Complement changes were independent of the diagnostic classification of the thyroid disease, the presence or type of antithyroid antibody, abnormalities in thyroid function, or the response to therapy. These data indicate a diffuse alteration of the complement system in most children with acquired thyroid disease. Whether this alteration reflects the involvement of complement in the pathogenesis of these disorders remains unclear.
Calculated self- and foreign-gas-broadened linewidths for SF6

Abstract Collision processes involving the sulfur hexafluoride molecule are of considerable interest in many fields of investigations. In this work, linewidths of SF6 broadened by He, Ar, O2, N2, HF, and SF6 at 300 K have been calculated in the framework of the Anderson-Tsao-Curnutte theory of pressure broadening. These linewidths have also been computed at 100 and 200K, so that a temperature dependence can be estimated.
Two Classic Hemodynamic Findings for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

An echocardiogram performed on a 72-year–old man with exertional dyspnea revealed asymmetrical septal hypertrophy (maximum thickness, 1.8 mm) and turbulent flow in the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT; Movie I in the online-only Data Supplement) with a resting gradient of 62 mm Hg and a peak provoked gradient of 166 mm Hg after Valsalva maneuver (Figure, A and B), consistent with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Systolic anterior motion of the distal tips …
Measurement of dipolar couplings in partially oriented molecules by local field NMR spectroscopy with low-power decoupling

Abstract Low-power phase-modulated Lee–Goldburg homonuclear decoupling was used to record PDLF spectra of fluorine-substituted benzene derivatives dissolved in nematic thermotropic liquid crystalline solvents. The low-power decoupling minimizes sample heating during RF irradiation while still achieving highly resolved PDLF spectra. The method is illustrated by recording spectra for 1,3-dichloro-4-fluoro-5-nitrobenzene, 1,3-dichloro-4-fluorobenzene, and 1,2-difluorobenzene dissolved in different nematic solvents.
Role of apoptosis and necrosis in cell death induced by nanoparticle-mediated photothermal therapy

Current cancer therapies can cause significant collateral damage due to a lack of specificity and sensitivity. Therefore, we explored the cell death pathway response to gold nanorod (GNR)-mediated photothermal therapy as a highly specific cancer therapeutic to understand the role of apoptosis and necrosis during intense localized heating. By developing this, we can optimize photothermal therapy to induce a maximum of ‘clean’ cell death pathways, namely apoptosis, thereby reducing external damage. GNRs were targeted to several subcellular localizations within colorectal tumor cells in vitro, and the cell death pathways were quantitatively analyzed after photothermal therapy using flow cytometry. In this study, we found that the cell death response to photothermal therapy was dependent on the GNR localization. Furthermore, we demonstrated that nanorods targeted to the perinuclear region irradiated at 37.5 W/cm2 laser fluence rate led to maximum cell destruction with the ‘cleaner’ method of apoptosis, at similar percentages as other anti-cancer targeted therapies. We believe that this indicates the therapeutic potential for GNR-mediated photothermal therapy to treat cancer effectively without causing damage to surrounding tissue.
Isopin invariance in the reaction np → π0d☆

Abstract A measurement of the differential cross section for the reaction np→ π0d has been made at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory 184-inch cyclotron. A neutron beam with kinetic energies up to 720 MeV was incident on a liquid hydrogen target. The angle and momentum of the deuterons were measured using an analyzing magnet and wire spark chambers with a magnetostrictive readout. Deuterons were separated from protons by time-of-flight. The photons from the decaying π0 were not detected. The neutron energy was calculated from the measured deuteron angle and momentum. Out of 5 × 105 events recorded, 1.1 × 105 events were the desired π0d reaction. The cross sections were compared to those for the reaction π+d → pp as a test of isotopic spin invariance in strong interactions. The symmetry of the cross sections about 90° was also investigated, and an upper limit of about 1% was placed on the real part of the ratio of isospin-violating to isospin-conserving amplitudes.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor and p38 Promote Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a paracrine factor involved in organogenesis, tissue repair, and wound healing. We report here that HGF promotes osteogenic differentiation through the transcription of key osteogenic markers, including osteocalcin, osterix, and osteoprotegerin in human mesenchymal stem cells and is a necessary component for the establishment of osteoblast mineralization. Blocking endogenous HGF using PHA665752, a c-Met inhibitor (the HGF receptor), or an HGF-neutralizing antibody attenuates mineralization, and PHA665752 markedly reduced alkaline phosphatase activity. Moreover, we report that HGF promotion of osteogenic differentiation involves the rapid phosphorylation of p38 and differential regulation of its isoforms, p38α and p38β. Western blot analysis revealed a significantly increased level of p38α and p38β protein, and reverse transcription quantitative PCR revealed that HGF increased the transcriptional level of both p38α and p38β. Using small interfering RNA to reduce the transcription of p38α and p38β, we saw differential roles for p38α and p38β on the HGF-induced expression of key osteogenic markers. In summary, our data demonstrate the importance of p38 signaling in HGF regulation of osteogenic differentiation.
Allyl polymerization. V. Effective chain transfer in the polymerization of 3‐buten‐2‐‐yl acetate. Polymerization of 3‐buten‐2‐‐ol

The bulk polymerization of 3-buten-2-yl acetate with benzoyl peroxide as catalyst at 80°C. is characterized by degradative and effective chain transfer. Effective chain transfer constitutes 86% of the total transfer reactions. The polymerization results in a polymer with a DP of 2.8, independent of initial catalyst concentration, and in any given polymerization the disappearance of monomer is a linear function of the disapperance of peroxide, i.e., dM/dC is constant, and decreases linearly with increasing catalyst concentration, extrapolating to 38.1 at zero catalyst concentration. The values of dM/dC and conversion to polymer are higher with 3-buten-2-yl acetate than with allyl acetate. The polymer from the α-methylallyl ester contains approximately one double bond for every three monomer units at 2% peroxide concentration. The decomposition of benzoyl peroxide in 3-buten-2-yl acetate is more rapid than in the allyl ester and is characterized by considerable induced decomposition. The decomposition of peroxide in methyl vinyl carbinol is extremely rapid and the conversion of monomer to polymer is very low.
Monitoring of Airborne Organic Vapors Using Ion Mobility Spectrometry

Automated, continuous monitoring of organic vapors in air under three field designs for plume drift was demonstrated using a hand-held ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) in characterizing IMS behavior...
Youth-Family, Youth-School Relationship, and Depression

This study sought to examine the association between adolescents’ relationship with family and school and depressive symptoms across ethnic/racial groups (White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian), and to test potentially unique explanatory power in youth-family relationship versus youth-school relationship, in a sample of 4,783 adolescents. Depressive symptoms were assessed with a 19-item, modified Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). The results indicated that youth-family relationship and youth-school relationship were significant predictors of adolescent depression. However, the findings of the study indicated that unique contributions by youth-family relationship and youth-school relationship were different by racial/ethnic groups. These findings elucidate protective factors for adolescent depression and highlight the importance of cultural context of each racial/ethnic group.
Spatial Partitioning of Microhabitats in Littoral Cladoceran Communities

ABSTRACT Sampling of littoral cladoceran populations was conducted in the Fall of 1986 at four sites in Pennsylvania: a small man-made pond, a swamp, a natural glacial lake (Lake Lacawac), and an embayment of Lake Erie. Microhabitats sampled included various plant species, rocks, and the water column. Densities and percentages of individual species in the microhabitats were used to calculate community coefficients of similarity among and within microhabitats, and to perform ANOVA and SNK tests. Cladoceran communities were more similar within than between microhabitats, indicating there is significant variation in community structure among littoral microhabitats. Densities of some cladoceran species varied significantly among microhabitats. Acroperus harpae, Camptocercus rectirostris, and Pleuroxus procurvus were more abundant on plants than on rocks in the embayment. Chydorus brevilabris and Alona guttata were more abundant on Myriophyllum than Ulothrix in the pond. In Lake Lacawac, A. harpae was more abu...
The SH3 Domain of Amphiphysin Binds the Proline-rich Domain of Dynamin at a Single Site That Defines a New SH3 Binding Consensus Sequence

Amphiphysin is an SH3 domain-containing neuronal protein that is highly concentrated in nerve terminals where it interacts via its SH3 domain with dynamin I, a GTPase implicated in synaptic vesicle endocytosis. We show here that the SH3 domain of amphiphysin, but not a mutant SH3 domain, bound with high affinity to a single site in the long proline-rich region of human dynamin I, that this site was distinct from the binding sites for other SH3 domains, and that the mutation of two adjacent amino acids in dynamin I was sufficient to abolish binding. The dynamin I sequence critically required for amphiphysin binding (PSRPNR) fits in the novel SH3 binding consensus identified for the SH3 domain of amphiphysin via a combinatorial peptide library approach: PXRPXR(H)R(H). Our data demonstrate that the long proline-rich stretch present in dynamin I contained multiple SH3 domain binding sites that recognize interacting proteins with high specificity.
Spatiotemporal Models for Region of Interest Analyses of Functional Neuroimaging Data

In vivo functional neuroimaging technology enables the evaluation of behavior-related changes in measured brain activity within specific cortical regions of interest (ROIs). When sufficient neurophysiologic evidence exists to restrict attention to a defined cortical region, an ROI analysis can provide powerful insights regarding neural representations of cognition, emotions, behaviors, and the neuropathology of psychiatric disorders. Given the complexity and abundance of data from neuroimaging experiments, anatomically focused research questions allow statisticians to explore models that more accurately reflect neurophysiologic characteristics of the data than global activation studies. Neural processing characteristics of particular interest in this article are spatial correlations stemming from the interplay between spatially distinct brain locations and temporal correlations between serial measures of brain activity. Despite the simplified data structure of ROI studies, challenges remain in modeling sp...
Phylogeographic analysis of the cornsnake (Elaphe guttata) complex as inferred from maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses.

Abstract Most phylogeographic studies have used maximum likelihood or maximum parsimony to infer phylogeny and bootstrap analysis to evaluate support for trees. Recently, Bayesian methods using Marlov chain Monte Carlo to search tree space and simultaneously estimate tree support have become popular due to its fast search speed and ability to create a posterior distribution of parameters of interest. Here, I present a study that utilizes Bayesian methods to infer phylogenetic relationships of the cornsnake ( Elaphe guttata ) complex using cytochrome b sequences. Examination of the posterior probability distributions confirms the existence of three geographic lineages. Additionally, there is no support for the monophyly of the subspecies of E. guttata . Results suggest the three geographic lineages partially conform to the ranges of previously defined subspecies, although Shimodaira–Hasegawa tests suggest that subspecies-constrained trees produce significantly poorer likelihood estimates than the most likely trees reflecting the evolution of three geographic assemblages. Based on molecular support, these three geographic assemblages are recognized as species using evolutionary species criteria: E. guttata , Elaphe slowinskii , and Elaphe emoryi [phylogeographic, maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, bootstrap, Bayesian, Markov chain Monte Carlo, cornsnake, Cytochrome b , geographic lineages, E. guttta , E. slowinskii , and E. emoryi ].
Structural tailoring of laminate properties

In this study, structural synthesis techniques have been applied to tailor the composite laminate properties from the micromechanics to the laminate level for a desirable structural response. It is also demonstrated how to establish upper and lower bounds on design variables based on reliability considerations. The question of reliability arises in fiber composite analysis and design because of the inherent scatter that is observed in the constituent material properties in the experimental data. The symmetric composite laminates subject to mechanical loading are considered and no hygrothermal effects are taken into account in the present research. Application examples illustrate the effects of various ply and laminate parameters on the overall properties and structural response of composite laminates.
Unsteady Potential Flow Theory and Numerical Analysis of Forces on Cylinders Induced by Nearby Oscillating Disturbances

The complete solution of several two-dimensional potential flow problems are reported that deal with the unsteady flow around circular cylinders. Three of the flows considered are induced by an oscillating disturbance near the cylinder. The three elemental disturbances examined are (1) a pulsating source, (2) a pulsating doublet and (3) a pulsating vortex. The formulas for the force acting on the cylinder due to each of the elemental disturbances were derived by applying the method of images and checked by deriving the equivalent surface distribution of sources to model the cylinder starting with Green’s second identity. The theory helped direct the development of a boundary-integral numerical model described and applied in this paper to solve the unsteady flow around a circular cylinder due to an arbitrarily specified oscillatory disturbance near the cylinder. The numerical method is validated by comparing predictions of the force with the exact solutions.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
A Reversible Reaction Inside a Self-Assembled Capsule

Reversible encapsulation allows the direct observation of the isolated molecules under ambient conditions, at equilibrium and in the liquid phase. Here we show that capsules can amplify and stabilize molecules that are present in only trace concentrations in solution. Evidence is given that reversible chemical reactions take place within the capsule. Stabilization of reaction intermediates is a characteristic property of enzymes and is widely regarded as an essential feature of catalytic activity. Reactive molecules can also be stabilized by encapsulation, a process that involves completely surrounding the reactive species within synthetic receptors. Here, we show that self-assembled capsules can isolate and stabilize molecules that are present in only trace amounts in solution. The system amplifies the concentrations of high-energy species with reduced entropies.
ON EXTENSIONAL VIBRATION MODES OF ELASTIC RODS OF FINITE LENGTH WHICH INCLUDE THE EFFECT OF LATERAL DEFORMATION

It is shown that the analysis can be separated into three cases depending on the range in which the natural frequency lies
Isolation of early meiotic recombination genes analogous to S. cerevisiae REC104 from the yeasts S. paradoxus and S. pastorianus

The REC104 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required to initiate recombination in meiosis. Mutations in REC104 eliminate meiotic recombination and lead to the production of inviable spores. To determine if analogous genes exist in other yeasts, clones that hybridized to a REC104 probe were isolated from the yeasts S.␣paradoxus and S.␣pastorianus. When transformed into a rec104 strain, the REC104 analogs from these two yeasts restored spore viability and meiotic recombination to the same level as a REC104 gene cloned from S.␣cerevisiae. Compared to S.␣cerevisiae, the S.␣paradoxus gene codes for 79% identical amino acids and has 86% nucleic-acid identity in the promoter region and 84% in the coding region. The S.␣pastorianus gene codes for 63% identical amino acids and has 59% and 71% identity in the promoter and the coding regions, respectively.
Long-term pathologic follow-up of obsolete design: Choyce Mark VIII anterior chamber intraocular lens.

We analyzed an enucleated eye that was blind and painful from a 66-year-old patient implanted with a Tennant modification of the Choyce Mark VIII anterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) as a secondary procedure in 1978. The eye developed glaucoma, with implantation of an Ahmed valve in 2006. Gross and light microscopic analyses showed corneal decompensation and vascularization, peripheral anterior and posterior synechiae, iris thinning, significant changes in the iris pigmented layer, fibrous tissue on the anterior surface of the iris, and Soemmerring ring formation in the periphery of capsular bag remnants. In addition, there was severe attenuation of the nerve fiber layer and extensive cupping of the optic disc. The IOL surface was overall smooth and regular, without warping of the footplates, and was partially covered by clumps of various cell elements, including giant cells intermixed with pigment. This study represents the longest clinicopathologic correlation report on this IOL. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
gadd45 Is Not Required for Activation of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase or p38 during Acute Stress

Cells respond to environmental stress with activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. Recent studies have implicated Gadd45 and two related proteins, MyD118/Gadd45β and CR6/Gadd45γ, as initiators of JNK/p38 signaling via their interaction with an upstream kinase MTK1. It was proposed that stress-induced expression of the Gadd45-related proteins leads to MTK1 activation and subsequent JNK/p38 activation. Using embryo fibroblasts fromgadd45-null mice, we have addressed the requirement for Gadd45 in mediating JNK/p38 activation during acute stress. Comparison of JNK/p38 activities in response to methyl methanesulfonate, hydrogen peroxide, UVC irradiation, sorbitol, and anisomycin treatment ofgadd45 +/+ andgadd45 −/− fibroblasts revealed no deficiency in JNK/p38 activation in gadd45 −/−fibroblasts. In addition, in wild type cells, JNK and p38 activation significantly preceded gadd45 induction with all stresses. Examination of myd118/gadd45β andcr6/gadd45γ expression ingadd45 +/+ andgadd45 −/− fibroblasts revealed similar induction patterns in the two cell types, which, likegadd45 expression, was delayed relative to JNK/p38 activation. We conclude that gadd45 expression is not required for activation of JNK/p38 by environmental stresses, nor are stress-induced increases in myd118/gadd45β andcr6/gadd45γ expression necessary for kinase activation in response to such insults.
Erratum: Invited Review: Sortase transpeptidases: Insights into mechanism, substrate specificity, and inhibition

Gram-positive bacteria pose a serious healthcare threat, The growing antibiotic resistance epidemic creates a dire need for new antibiotic targets. The sortase family of enzymes is a promising target for antimicrobial therapy. This review covers the current knowledge of the mechanism, substrate specificity, and inhibitory studies of the Gram-positive bacter a enzyme sortase.
Model for infrared detection by a metal-semiconductor phase transition

Abstract An isothermal i.r. detector element which senses i.r. radiation by the change in conductivity of a transition metal oxide at its first order metal—semiconductor phase transition is described. The detector element is of the thermal type operating at ambient temperature, and its mode of operation is quasi-photoconductive. Performance characteristics of a proposed element and a proposed imaging plane are presented.
Authors' Reply to Commentary on Accounting Information Systems ResearchOpportunities Using Personality Type Theory and the Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator

We appreciate Professor Lampes (2004) many thoughtful comments on our paper. We largely agree with him. Like Lampe, we see the MBTI as one useful psychometric instrument among many available and acceptable instruments. In our article, we primarily examine the MBTI in isolation, and do not compare it to other psychometric instruments. We did not intend to imply that other instruments are without value by using this approach. Instruments such as the Millon Inventory of Personality Styles (MIPS), the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), the California Psychological Inventory (CPI), and the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) are useful for various types of AIS research.1 Nevertheless, we think that the MBTI has three comparative strengths: (1) researchers have extensively tested the validity and reliability of the MBTI over approximately four decades; (2) the MBTI is grounded within a comprehensive psychology of personality; and (3) the MBTI is well suited for research examining the relationship of cognition and information processing to personality. In regard to the first strength, which was dealt with in detail in the paper, we express disagreement with Lampes comments about the test/retest reliability of the MBTI. Most reports of the MBTIs test/retest reliability have shown these correlations to be relatively high. For example, in Myers et al. (1998), the low-to-high test/retest range is 84 percent to 96 percent agreement of the bipolarities over a four-week period for Form M. Regarding Form G, the form Girelli and Stake (1993) reported, the range is 75 percent to 87 percent (Myers et al. 1998). The Girelli and Stake (1993) paper, cited by Lampe for its low MBTI test/retest scores, has met with methodological criticisms (Murray 1996); specifically, the researchers substituted the MBTIs forced-choice format with a Likert-scale format and then analyzed the latter for negative correlations.
35 GHz GaAs power MESFETs and monolithic amplifiers

GaAs MESFETs optimized for power operation at 35 GHz are described. Various doping levels and potential barrier layers at the interface between the buffer and the active layers were studied. The best power performance was obtained from an FET on a very heavily doped active layer. A device on an AlGaAs heterobuffer had further improved output power. The best devices delivered output power densities of 0.8 W/mm with 23% efficiency, 0.71 W/mm with 34% efficiency, and 0.61 W/mm with 41% efficiency. Monolithic power amplifiers with a 400- mu m FET generated 200 mW of output power. These amplifiers were monolithically power combined, resulting in 600 mW of output power at 34 GHz. >
Cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy on semiconductor heterostructures

Abstract Cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy on semiconductor structures is evolving into a technique to analyze structural, chemical and electronic properties on the atomic and nanometer scale in all spatial dimensions, in particular in the lateral and in-depth spatial dimensions of the structure. This technique has been used on the ultrahigh vacuum cleaved (110) plane of (001)-grown AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures. We report on measurements of (i) interface roughness, alloy fluctuations and ordering, (ii) the variation in electronic properties over an interface as well as fluctuations within the alloy and (iii) the distribution of individual dopant sites.
THE SOCIAL CLASS IDENTIFICATION OF 1038 WESTERN NEW YORK STUDENTS

THE SIMS SCI (social class identification) Occupational Rating Scale used in this investigation is a 42 question rating scale in which the subject is asked to rate each occupation listed in respect to whether he regards the people fol lowing these occupations as belonging to the same, a higher, or a lower social class than the subject and his family. The rating purports to measure the so cial class with which the subject identifies himself. The scale was adminia ter ed to 1038 students distributed among four schools in Western New York as indicated below:
Dosimetric impact of setup accuracy for an electron breast boost technique.

Abstract Purpose To determine the setup error on an electron breast boost technique using daily cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Patient and setup attributes were studied as contributing factors to the accuracy. Methods and materials Reproducibility of a modified lateral decubitus position breast boost setup was verified for 33 patients using CBCT. Three-dimensional matching was performed between the CBCT and the initial planning CT for each boost fraction by matching the tumor bed and/or surgical clips. The dosimetric impact of the daily positioning error was achieved by rerunning the initial treatment plans incorporating the recorded shifts to study the dose differences. Breast compression, decubitus angle, tumor bed location and volume, and cup size were studied for their contribution to setup error. Results The range of setup errors was: 1.5 cm anterior to 9 mm posterior, 1.3 cm superior to 2.3 cm inferior, and 3.2 cm medial to 2.4 cm lateral. Seven patients had setup errors that were ≥2-cm margin placed on the tumor bed and scar. Four of those 7 patients had unacceptable coverage as defined by the volume of the tumor bed plus scar that is covered by the 90% isodose line (V90) compared with the original plan. All other patients had no discernible difference in the coverage (V90). The use of compression, tumor bed location, or volumes >20 mL showed no effect on coverage. Conclusions In general, this study supported that a 2-cm margin was adequate (29 of 33 patients) when patients are treated under typical conditions. Care should be taken when high electron energies are selected because the coverage at depth is more difficult to maintain in the clinical environment.
Role of non-protein amino acid l-canavanine in autoimmunity

Abstract Association of SLE and alfalfa was first reported in a volunteer who developed lupus-like autoimmunity while ingesting alfalfa seed for a hypercholesterolemia study. This was corroborated with studies in monkeys fed with alfalfa sprout that developed SLE. Re-challenge with l -canavanine relapsed the disease. Arginine homologue l -canavanine, present in alfalfa, was suspected as a cause. l -canavanine can be charged by arginyl tRNA synthetase to replace l -arginine during protein synthesis. Aberrant canavanyl proteins have disrupted structure and functions. Induction or exacerbation of SLE by alfalfa tablets reported in a few cases remains controversial. Epidemiological studies on the relationship between alfalfa and SLE are sparse. In mice, NZB/W F1, NZB, and DBA/2 mice fed with l -canavanine show exacerbation/triggering of the SLE, however, BALB/c studies were negative. l -canavanine incorporation may be more efficient in the presence of inflammation or other conditions that can cause arginine deficiency. The l -canavanine induced apoptotic cells can be phagocytosed and a source of autoantigens processed by endosomal proteases. Endogenous canavanyl proteins are ubiquitinated and processed via proteasome. Incorporation of l -canavanine into proteasome or endosome can also cause disruption of antigen processing. Alfalfa/ l -canavanine-induced lupus will be an interesting model of autoimmunity induced by the modification of self-proteins at the translational level.
The long-term effects of the Holocaust on the reproductive function of female survivors.

Abstract Study objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of internment in the German concentration camps during World War II on menstrual function; future fertility; and, ultimately, on gynecologic diseases or future surgery needs. Subjects Five hundred eighty Hungarian female survivors of concentration camps. Intervention Menstrual and reproductive histories of the women were obtained and analyzed, comparing histories and events from pre-internment, internment, and post-internment periods of time. Measurements and main results The mean age of the survivors at the time of internment was 23.4 ± 8.0 years (95% CI 22.7–24.1). Amenorrhea occurred in 94.8% of the women during encampment (95% CI 92.7%–96.5%), with 82.4% experiencing cessation of menses immediately after internment (95% CI 76.9%–85.6%). Only 0.6% of women (95% CI 0.12%–1.63%) menstruated longer than 4 months after internment. After liberation, all but 8.9% of the women resumed menstruation within the first year (95% CI 88.4%–93.3%). Fecundity subsequent to liberation was not significantly affected by the imprisonment nor was there a significant increase in spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancies, stillbirths, or other pregnancy complications. Additionally, there was no evidence of impact on the subsequent frequency of gynecologic diseases or surgical procedures. Conclusions Imprisonment in German concentration camps during the Holocaust resulted in enormous emotional and psychological changes in the survivors. In addition, this study reveals abrupt changes in short-term menstrual function but little long-term physical damage to reproductive function.
Observations on the behavior of orthotropic plates

Abstract It is well known that the maximum deflection of an isotropic rectangular plate with symmetric boundary conditions occurs at the center when subjected to a uniformly distributed lateral load. This is not true in the case of orthotropic plates as shown by the numerical results presented and discussed in this paper. A correlation is shown between the real part and the phase of the complex parameters of bending of the first kind and the deformed shape of the plate. It is shown that as the phase of the complex parameter decreases, the real part of the complex parameter at which the maximum deflection moves away from the center increases. Plates with low phase angles of the complex parameter are more likely to have a maximum deflection away from the center.
GNAQ/11 Mutations in Uveal Melanoma: Is YAP the Key to Targeted Therapy?

GNAQ and GNA11 are frequently mutated in uveal melanoma, but they remain difficult therapeutic targets. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Feng and colleagues and Yu and colleagues demonstrate that the oncogenic activity of mutant GNAQ/11 is mediated at least in part through YAP, potentially uncovering a new therapeutic strategy.
Cloud structure and crystal growth in nimbostratus

Abstract Cloud structure and crystal growth in two nimbostratus were examined using in situ and airborne radar observations. In both cases, structure throughout the cloud depth was modulated by generating cells at about 8-km altitude. Large-scale horizontal homogeneity at altitudes below the generating cells was due to the rapid movement of the generating cells relative to the main cloud mass. In addition, significant horizontal variability was evident on the scale of few hundred meters, principally in the radar reflectivity data but also readily detectable in the particle data. The melting layer was clearly defined in the radar images. Thin dry layers just above the melting layer were also observed in both cases. In agreement with earlier studies, particle spectra in these clouds are adequately described by exponential relationships. There is a strong correlation between the slope (λ) and intercept (No) parameters of an exponential size distribution; this relationship is well characterized by a power law with constants varying from case to case. Radar reflectivity is negatively correlated with the slope parameter λ. It is concluded from the observations that the vapor supply made available by large-scale lifting was taken up by depositional growth of the ice crystals. Aggregation of the crystals led to the final shaping of the precipitation size spectra.