cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A probabilistic interference and energy aware gradient broadcasting algorithm for wireless sensor networks

This paper addresses the problem of robust transmission of sensed data through a vast field of small and vulnerable sensors towards a sink node. It introduces a routing algorithm called P-GRAB relying on a probabilistic gradient broadcasting framework. Our aim is to improve the GRAB algorithm by accounting for the energy expenditure and the potential of a node for creating interference in the forwarding decision of the algorithm. It is the forwarding stage of P-GRAB that differs from GRAB: once a node has the proper cost for broadcasting a packet, it decides to forward it with a given probability depending on its remaining energy level and its interference potential. We show by simulations that P-GRAB outperforms the GRAB algorithm by providing similar robustness but with much fewer forwarding packets and latency for packet delivery.
Capillary Electrophoresis-based Heteroduplex Analysis with a Universal Heteroduplex Generator for Detection of Point Mutations Associated with Rifampin Resistance in Tuberculosis

Background: Slab gel heteroduplex analysis (HDA), a popular scanning method for genetic mutations, uses DNA fragments typically generated by PCR to create homo- and heteroduplex molecules with conformational differences and sequence-dependent electrophoretic profiles. Use of a universal heteroduplex generator (UHG) enhances the subtle variations caused by single-base substitutions. Methods: The HDA-UHG slab gel format was modified for an efficient capillary-based method. The effect of staining dyes TOPRO5 and YOPRO1 on the analysis of heteroduplexes was studied, as well as ultraviolet absorbance and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection methods. In addition, the entangled polymers hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, and linear polyacrylamide were evaluated as separation matrices. Results: This assay was able to detect the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its rifampin susceptibility directly from clinical specimens in dramatically reduced analysis time (30 min vs 2.5 h). Optimized conditions included 0.3% methyl cellulose as the separation matrix, on-line staining using 1 μmol/L YOPRO1, and LIF detection for quantitative and reproducible analysis of single-base substitutions in the rifampin resistance-determining region of rpo B that give rise to the rifampin-resistant phenotype of M. tuberculosis . We generated 95% confidence limits using the wild-type sequence and used these limits to determine rifampin susceptibility in samples. Conclusions: Capillary electrophoresis, combined with the HDA-UHG technique, may be of value for rapid and efficient clinical diagnosis of rifampin-resistant tuberculosis strains.
Empirical two‐point α‐mixing model for calibrating the ECH2O EC‐5 soil moisture sensor in sands

[1] Recently improved ECH2O soil moisture sensors have received significant attention in many field and laboratory applications. Focusing on the EC-5 sensor, a simple and robust calibration method is proposed. The sensor-to-sensor variability in the readings (analog-to-digital converter (ADC) counts) among 30 EC-5 sensors was relatively small but not negligible. A large number of ADC counts were taken under various volumetric water contents (θ) using four test sands. The proposed two-point α-mixing model, as well as linear and quadratic models, was fitted to the ADC – θ data. Unlike for conventional TDR measurements, the effect of sensor characteristics is lumped into the empirical parameter α in the two-point α-mixing model. The value of α was fitted to be 2.5, yielding a nearly identical calibration curve to the quadratic model. Errors in θ associated with the sensor-to-sensor variability for the two-point α-mixing model were ±0.005 cm3 cm−3 for dry sand and ±0.028 cm3 cm−3 for saturated sand. In the validation experiments, the highest accuracy in water content estimation was achieved when sensor-specific ADCdry and ADCsat were used in the two-point α-mixing model. Assuming that α = 2.5 is valid for most mineral soils, the two-point α-mixing model only requires the measurement of two extreme ADC counts in dry and saturated soils. Sensor-specific ADCdry and ADCsat counts are readily measured in most cases. Therefore, the two-point α-mixing model (with α = 2.5) can be considered as a quick, easy, and robust method for calibrating the ECH2O EC-5 sensor. Although further investigation is needed, the two-point α-mixing model may also be applied to calibrating other sensors.
Workforce Diversity in the New Millennium: Prospects for Research

Public organizations in the new millennium are tasked with a myriad of human resource management challenges that stem from workforce diversity, but the field of public administration has not produc...
Is Gender like Ethnicity? The Political Representation of Identity Groups

Some 50 countries officially allocate access to political power by gender, ethnicity, or both. Yet in the world’s electoral democracies, the policies used for women differ systematically from those used for ethnic groups. The former receive candidate quotas in parties; the latter, reserved seats in legislatures. Why? My explanation focuses on the varying ways that gender and ethnic identities intersect with partisan cleavages and on the distinct “work” performed by the different remedies for underrepresentation. Quotas, which make space within existing parties, are appropriate for groups whose boundaries crosscut partisan divisions. Reservations, which create incentives for the formation of group-specific parties and permit them direct representation, suit groups whose boundaries coincide with political cleavages. Since gender is crosscutting while ethnicity tends to be coinciding, women receive candidate quotas while ethnic groups get legislative reservations. Claims for inclusion via quotas pose less of a challenge to liberal institutions than claims to difference through legislative reservations. Case studies of representational politics in France, India, and Peru illustrate the argument.
Obligate thelytoky in oribatid mites: no evidence for Wolbachia inducement.

The wide distribution of obligate thelytoky in oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) raises the question of the mechanisms that allowed genetic diversity to be maintained or even promoted in these taxa. We tested whether or not endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia are associated with thelytoky in eight species of oribatid mites (as it is for most thelytokous parasitic Hymenoptera studied so far) by using a polymerase chain reaction assay. Our negative results in the selective amplification of Wolbachia DNA suggest that these bacteria are not responsible for the thelytokous mode of reproduction of oribatid mites. On the basis of known or suspected cytogenetic mechanisms in oribatid mites (automictic thelytoky, inverted meiosis), we discuss an alternative hypothesis for the inducement of thelytoky, and its relevance to the observed diversification of thelytokous oribatid mites over evolutionary time.
Preoperative assessment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction with endoluminal sonography and helical CT.

Our objective was to compare the value of endoluminal sonography with the value of helical CT in the preoperative assessment of crossing vessels in patients with ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction.Thirteen patients with UPJ obstruction underwent contrast-enhanced helical CT with multiplanar reformations and endoluminal sonography. Imaging preceded surgery for UPJ repair. On imaging, vessels were considered significant if greater than or equal to 2 mm in diameter and within 1 cm of the UPJ.Three patients had no crossing vessels revealed by either study. On sonography, another patient had a vessel revealed with a diameter that varied between 1.3 and 2.2 mm; on CT no correlate was detected. The remaining nine patients had vessels revealed by both techniques. On CT, four patients had two vessels revealed and five patients had single vessels revealed for a total of 13 vessels revealed by CT. On sonography, five patients had two vessels revealed and five patients had single vessels revealed. Thus, 15 vess...
Transcriptomic biomarkers for the accurate diagnosis of myocarditis

Background—Lymphocytic myocarditis is a clinically important condition that is difficult to diagnose and distinguish. We hypothesized that the transcriptome obtained from an endomyocardial biopsy would yield clinically relevant and accurate molecular signatures. Methods and Results—Microarray analysis was performed on samples from patients with histologically proven lymphocytic myocarditis (n=16) and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (n=32) to develop accurate diagnostic transcriptome-based biomarkers using multiple classification algorithms. We identified 9878 differentially expressed genes in lymphocytic myocarditis versus idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (fold change >1.2; false discovery rate <5%) from which a transcriptome-based biomarker containing 62 genes was identified that distinguished myocarditis with 100% sensitivity (95% confidence interval, 46 to 100) and 100% specificity (95% confidence interval, 66 to 100) and was generalizable to a broad range of secondary cardiomyopathies associated wi...
Interplay between superconductivity and ferromagnetism in crystalline nanowires

The interaction between superconductivity and ferromagnetism, which entails incompatible spin order, is one of the problems of fundamental interest in condensed-matter physics. In general, when a ferromagnet is placed in contact with a superconductor, the Cooper pairs from the superconductor are not expected to survive beyond at most a few nanometres into the ferromagnet. Here we present a systematic study of single-crystal ferromagnetic cobalt nanowires sandwiched between superconducting electrodes. Surprisingly, we find that a cobalt wire as long as 600 nm attains zero resistance at low temperatures. For even longer nanowires, the transition to incomplete superconductivity is foreshadowed by a strikingly large and sharp resistance peak near the superconducting transition temperature of the electrodes. Although the origin of the ‘critical peak’ remains mysterious, our analysis strongly points against charge or spin imbalance as its underlying cause. When a superconductor is in contact with a normal metal, Cooper pairs from the superconductor ‘leak’ into the metal, causing local superconductivity. When in contact with a ferromagnet, however, Cooper pairs do not stray very far. Therefore, the discovery that a ferromagnetic nanowire goes completely superconducting when placed between two superconducting electrodes is surprising indeed.
Relationship of tadpole stage to location of echinostome cercariae encystment and the consequences for tadpole survival.

The effect of echinostome infections on the survival of Rana pipiens tadpoles was examined in relation to developmental stage of tadpoles. Individual tadpoles of Gosner stages 25, 27, 32–33, and 37–39 were exposed to 1 of 4 levels of cercariae (0, 20, 50, or 100). Only tadpoles at stage 25, the earliest stage infected, died within a 5-day experimental period. This stage-specific mortality rate could be explained, in part, by the stage-specific location of encystment of cercariae, which was documented in a separate experiment. In accordance with kidney development, cercariae predominately encysted in the pronephroi during early stages of tadpole development (stages 25 through 31–32) and only in the mesonephroi and associated ducts at later stages (stages 37 through 46). As the mesonephros develops, renal capacity presumably increases. Thus, tadpoles died only when metacercariae concentrated in the functional portion of the kidney with the most limited renal capacity. As tadpoles aged, they also became less...
Acceptance Reaction: Intragraft Events Associated with Tolerance to Renal Allografts in Miniature Swine

Inbred miniature swine that are treated for 12 d with a high dose of cyclosporin A develop tolerance to MHC class II matched, class I-mismatched renal allografts. The aim of this study was to clarify the intrarenal allograft events associated with the development of tolerance in this protocol. Morphologic and immunologic studies were performed in serial biopsies from accepting grafts after 12 d of cyclosporin A treatment (n = 4) and were compared with those from untreated control rejecting grafts (n = 4). In accepting grafts with stable function, a transient interstitial infiltrate developed. The cellular infiltrate had many similarities to that in rejecting grafts; both had T cells and macrophages, similar proportions of T-cell subsets, and a similar frequency of in situ nick end labeling (TUNEL)+ apoptotic infiltrating cells. However, the cellular infiltrate in the acceptance reaction was distinguished by less T-cell activation (interleukin-2 receptor+), less proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen+) of infiltrating cells, and less graft cell apoptosis in arteries, tubules, glomeruli, and peritubular capillaries. Thereafter, the infiltrate in the accepting grafts progressively resolved with decreased cell proliferation, activation, and apoptotic graft parenchymal cell injury, but the high frequency of apoptosis persisted in graft-infiltrating cells. In parallel to the intragraft events, donor-specific unresponsiveness developed as assessed by cell-mediated cytotoxicity by blood mononuclear cells in vitro. In conclusion, the acceptance reaction in transplanted grafts is characterized by progressive resolution of T-cell proliferation and activation and of cell-mediated graft injury, as well as prolonged T-cell apoptosis. These intragraft events suggest that both T-cell anergy and T-cell deletion occur in the graft during the development of tolerance. Some of the described immunopathologic findings (activation, proliferation, apoptosis) may be useful in distinguishing acceptance from rejection, as well as in predicting later graft acceptance in tolerance induction protocols.
“And the Band Played on”: Developing Ethical Leadership through a Case Study of the Aids Crisis

In 1912, the largest ship in the world, the RMS Titanic, sunk on her maiden voyage, claiming the lives of more than 1,500 people (Kamuda, n.d.). While the wealthiest passengers enjoyed first class accommodations on the upper decks of the Titanic, poorer passengers and crew occupied the decks below. When the ship hit an iceberg, cracking open at the seams and sinking nose first into the ocean, rich and poor alike suffered a tragic death. As panic spread, bandleader Wallace Hartley and the band played music on the deck in a futile attempt to calm the passengers and mask the real crisis of the situation (Wallace Hartley, 2006). Later, band members took to the boats, singing or playing hymns to cheer those struggling to survive, now fully aware of the devastating catastrophe. As the ship sank, a wave overtook the band members and swept them into the sea. Randy Shilts, author of And the Band Played On: Politics, People and the AIDS Epidemic, uses the analogy of the sinking ship and the “band playing on” to draw attention to America’s false sense of security in the midst of the growing AIDS crisis. Like the drowning passengers and crew of the Titanic, victims of AIDS collided with an unseen and mysterious enemy during the early stages of the HIV/AIDS crisis. When AIDS killed gay men, intravenous drug users, or prostitutes, few rushed to their rescue. Some even viewed AIDS as a biblical, punishing plague delivered without mercy to those who engaged in dangerous lifestyle choices. Later, when less marginalized and more privileged populations began to lose their lives, the concern about AIDS changed from ignoring a hidden disease to its designation as a public health issue.
Gender Differences in the Life Concerns of Persons Seeking Alcohol Detoxification

Background This study explored the life concerns of persons seeking alcohol detoxification, a group with multiple life and psychosocial challenges. Gender may be an important contributor to the particular life concerns of persons with alcohol use disorders.
Prevalence of Scapular Dyskinesis in Overhead and Nonoverhead Athletes: A Systematic Review

Background:Scapular dyskinesis, or abnormal dynamic scapular control, is a condition that is commonly associated with shoulder pathology but is also present in asymptomatic individuals. Literature ...
Aggressive treatment in childhood rheumatic diseases

Much remains to be learned about the optimal therapy for children with rheumatic diseases. Current therapies remain inexact and are aimed at either the inflammatory or the immune responses of patients. There have been a few advances, for example in the treatment of children with dermatomyositis, lupus and, in particular, Kawasaki disease. Progress in the treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and the spondylarthropathies has lagged behind, however, although methotrexate does appear to be promising in the short-term treatment of JRA. Another urgent problem which remains to be resolved is the identification of those children who will have poor outcomes and who warrant early, aggressive treatment. A number of interesting alternative therapies for adults have been proposed, but their applicability to children remains an open question. Further investigation of combined therapies with various drugs also warrants exploration.
Abstract A68: Local tumor treatments to simulate systemic antitumor immune responses

The generation of effective systemic antitumor immune response is the central goal of tumor immunotherapy. The majority of efforts are focused on systemic treatments that inject therapeutic reagents IV. This is an excellent approach and will be a central facet of tumor immunotherapy, however there is also an opportunity to develop therapies that involve direct intratumoral treatments of recognized tumors with the goal of stimulating systemic antitumor immune responses. Such approach can be used in conjunction with systemically applied therapies and have advantages because of the greater ability to control reagent concentrations that are intratumorally injected. We will present data from recent studies that utilize attenuated microorganisms, known TLR agonists and hyperthermia alone or in combinations to treat murine melanoma and ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Patrick Lizotte, Mee Rie Sheen, Amy M. Wen, Nicole F. Steinmetz, Steven Fiering. Local tumor treatments to simulate systemic antitumor immune responses. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy: A New Chapter; December 1-4, 2014; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2015;3(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A68.
Association between Social Determinants of Health and Glycemic Control in an Inner City Primary Care Population

Background: Diabetes is among the 10 leading causes of death in the U.S. Effective disease management comprised of medical care, self-management education, and ongoing diabetes support is key to improving quality of life and reducing acute and long-term complications. Evidence suggests that social determinants of health acting through social support, neighborhood quality, and physical activity influence diabetes prevention, management, and outcomes. The Chronic Illness Resource Survey (CIRS) is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing support and resources for chronic disease management and is based on a multi-level socio-environmental model. We conducted this study to assess the relationship between social resources as estimated by CIRS subscales and glycemic control in our urban safety-net clinic to identify specific types of support that are associated with glycemic control. Methods: Adult patients (n= 104) with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes were recruited from an academic urban safety-net clinic in Buffalo, New York. Eligible patients were approached during a regularly scheduled clinic appointment while waiting for their provider. Average hemoglobin A1c values were compared between subjects with values above and below the median for each CIRS subscale. The age and BMI-adjusted relative risks for having a hemoglobin A1c value >7% were also estimated for each subscale. Results: In this sample having established medical care, lower neighborhood support was associated with elevated A1c (OR: 3.10, 95% CI 1.39 to 6.90). Social determinants related to support from family and friends, community organizations, personal factors, and media and policy were not associated with A1c. Exploration of individual items in the neighborhood support subscale suggested that social interaction with neighbors were particularly associated with diabetes control. Conclusions: A higher level of neighborhood support and greater interaction with neighbors in patients from an inner city primary care clinic was associated with better glycemic control. Future research will evaluate how neighborhood support influences self-management behaviors, and how self-management behavior may be modified by increased social interactions with neighbors.
Numerical and Laboratory Analysis of Relaxation Tests for Determining Time-Dependent Properties of Rock

Roof falls in coal mines may occur within a few months to a few years after excavation. In this paper, we proposed the use of relaxation tests as a substitute for time-dependent tests. The relation between creep behavior and relaxation behavior was numerically investigated and demonstrates that the material assigned with creep model can show relaxation behavior. Then the relaxation model was developed by modifying the Burgers creep model. Numerical simulation of a relaxation test on a simulated rock model in 3DEC yielded results that were similar to theoretical prediction. A relaxation test was performed on two groups of specimens under varying load conditions. Results from the laboratory tests validated the approach of using relaxation test to determine time-dependent properties. Finally, time-dependent properties were investigated by performing relaxation tests at different stages of a complete stress–strain curve. The relaxation test during strain-softening was unsuccessful; however, the relaxation behavior at residual stage in post-failure region was more significant than that in pre-failure region and the sudden drop in stress indicated there was strength deterioration due to the accumulation of viscous strain.
Regularization destriping of remote sensing imagery

Abstract. We illustrate the utility of variational destriping for ocean color images from both multispectral and hyperspectral sensors. In particular, we examine data from a filter spectrometer, the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on the Suomi National Polar Partnership (NPP) orbiter, and an airborne grating spectrometer, the Jet Population Laboratory's (JPL) hyperspectral Portable Remote Imaging Spectrometer (PRISM) sensor. We solve the destriping problem using a variational regularization method by giving weights spatially to preserve the other features of the image during the destriping process. The target functional penalizes the neighborhood of stripes (strictly, directionally uniform features) while promoting data fidelity, and the functional is minimized by solving the Euler–Lagrange equations with an explicit finite-difference scheme. We show the accuracy of our method from a benchmark data set which represents the sea surface temperature off the coast of Oregon, USA. Technical details, such as how to impose continuity across data gaps using inpainting, are also described.
Chip Platforms and Chip Surface Treatments

There are three significant types of platforms used in microarray printing technology: glass slides, micropillar chips, and microwell chips. The surfaces of these platforms are treated for different applications. For example, a glass slide is ideal for micropatterning and can be used for microscopic image analysis. Micropillar and microwell chips are ideally suited for applications of high-throughput screening (HTS) of compounds on 3D-cultured cells. In this chapter, we present various methods by which these surfaces can be chemically modified for use in bioprinting applications, with emphasis on the methods used for culture of cells encapsulated in hydrogels.
Continuous sulfidogenic wastewater treatment with iron sulfide sludge oxidation and recycle.

Abstract This study evaluated the technical feasibility of packed-bed sulfidogenic bioreactors dosed with ferrous chloride for continuous wastewater treatment over a 450-day period. In phase I, the bioreactors were operated under different combinations of carbon, iron, and sulfate mass loads without sludge recycling to identify optimal treatment conditions. A COD/sulfate mass ratio of 2 and a Fe/S molar ratio of 1 yielded the best treatment performance with COD oxidation rate of 786 ± 82 mg/(L⋅d), which resulted in 84 ± 9% COD removal, 94 ± 6% sulfate reduction, and good iron retention (99 ± 1%) under favorable pH conditions (6.2–7.0). In phase II, the bioreactors were operated under this chemical load combination over a 62-day period, during which 7 events of sludge collection, oxidation, and recycling were performed. The collected sludge materials contained both inorganic and organic matter with FeS and FeS 2 as the main inorganic constituents. In each event, the sludge materials were oxidized in an oxidizing basin before recycling to mix with the wastewater influent. Sludge recycling yielded enhanced COD removal (90 ± 6% vs. 75 ± 7%), and better effluent quality in terms of pH (6.8 ± 0.1 vs. 6.5 ± 0.2), iron (0.7 ± 0.5 vs. 1.9 ± 1.7 mg/L), and sulfide-S (0.3 ± 0.1 vs. 0.4 ± 0.1 mg/L) removal compared to the baseline operation without sludge recycling during phase II. This process exhibited treatment stability with reasonable variations, and fairly consistent sludge content over long periods of operation under a range of COD/sulfate and Fe/S ratios without sludge recycling. The bioreactors were found to absorb recycling-induced changes efficiently without causing elevated suspended solids in the effluents.
Density-functional-theory calculations of matter in strong magnetic fields. I. Atoms and molecules

We present calculations of the electronic structure of various atoms and molecules in strong magnetic fields ranging from $B={10}^{12}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{15}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}$, appropriate for radio pulsars and magnetars. For these field strengths, the magnetic forces on the electrons dominate over the Coulomb forces, and to a good approximation the electrons are confined to the ground Landau level. Our calculations are based on the density functional theory, and use a local magnetic exchange-correlation function which is tested to be reliable in the strong field regime. Numerical results of the ground-state energies are given for ${\mathrm{H}}_{N}$ (up to $N=10$), ${\mathrm{He}}_{N}$ (up to $N=8$), ${\mathrm{C}}_{N}$ (up to $N=5$), and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{N}$ (up to $N=3$), as well as for various ionized atoms. Fitting formulae for the $B$ dependence of the energies are also given. In general, as $N$ increases, the binding energy per atom in a molecule, $\ensuremath{\mid}{E}_{N}\ensuremath{\mid}∕N$, increases and approaches a constant value. For all the field strengths considered in this paper, hydrogen, helium, and carbon molecules are found to be bound relative to individual atoms (although for $B$ less than a few $\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{12}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}$, carbon molecules are very weakly bound relative to individual atoms). Iron molecules are not bound at $B\ensuremath{\lesssim}{10}^{13}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}$, but become energetically more favorable than individual atoms at larger field strengths.
Comparison of pediatric airway foreign bodies over fifty years

Prevention and early recognition remain critical factors in the treatment of foreign body inhalation in children. Accidental inhalation of both organic and nonorganic foreign body material continues to be a cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. The University of North Carolina Department of Otolaryngology has collected foreign bodies acquired from the airways of young children since its inception in 1954. The authors reviewed 26 foreign bodies removed bronchoscopically from the airways of children during the years 1955 to 1960, and compared these to 27 foreign bodies collected from 1999 to 2003. Findings showed remarkable similarities in the types of foreign bodies aspirated. Organic foreign bodies were most commonly found. Differences existed in the type of organic foreign body aspirated, with popcorn being retrieved in 15% of cases during the later time period. Also, an increase in bronchoscopically removed small toy parts was found in the later group.
SurfaceVibe: vibration-based tap & swipe tracking on ubiquitous surfaces

Touch surfaces are intuitive interfaces for computing devices. Most of the traditional touch interfaces (vision, IR, capacitive, etc.) have mounting requirements, resulting in specialized touch surfaces limited by their size, cost, and mobility. More recent work has shown that vibration-based touch sensing techniques can localize taps/knocks, which provides a low-cost flexible alternative. These surfaces are envisioned as intuitive inputs for applications such as interactive meeting tables, smart kitchen appliance control, etc. However, due to dispersive and reflective properties of various vibrating mediums, it is difficult to localize taps accurately on ubiquitous surfaces. Furthermore, no work has been done on tracking continuous swipe interactions through vibration sensing.In this paper, we present SurfaceVibe, a vibration-based interaction tracking system for multiple surface types. The system accounts for physics properties of different waves to allow two major interaction types: tap and swipe. For tap induced impulse-like surface waves, we design an algorithm that takes wave dispersion and reflection into account to achieve accurate localization on ubiquitous surfaces. For swipe induced body waves, SurfaceVibe segments signals into 'slip pulses' to localize, and then tracks the trajectory. We validate SurfaceVibe through experiments on different materials and varying surface/sensing area sizes in this paper. Our methods achieve up to 6X decrease in localization error for taps and 3X reduction in length estimation error for swipes compared to existing algorithms that do not take wave properties into account.
Child Sexual Abuse and HIV-Related Substance Use and Sexual Risk Across the Life Course Among Males and Females

ABSTRACTChild sexual abuse is associated with substance use and sexual risk behaviors during adolescence and adulthood, but no known studies have documented associations across the life course in a nationally representative U.S. sample. We used the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to measure associations between child sexual abuse and substance use and sexual risk behaviors during adolescence, young adulthood, and adulthood among males and females (n = 11,820). Approximately 10% of females and 7% of males reported child sexual abuse. Associations with substance use were strongest during adolescence and lessened over time. Increased odds of sexual risk among those with a history of child sexual abuse remained consistent through the life course. Significant gender differences existed for some associations (e.g., adulthood multiple partners: males adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.73, 95%CI:1.18, 2.53; females AOR = 1.11, 95%CI:0.79, 1.56). Trauma-informed prevention interventions should...
Negative emissions from stopping deforestation and forest degradation, globally.

Forest growth provides negative emissions of carbon that could help keep the earth's surface temperature from exceeding 2°C, but the global potential is uncertain. Here we use land-use information from the FAO and a bookkeeping model to calculate the potential negative emissions that would result from allowing secondary forests to recover. We find the current gross carbon sink in forests recovering from harvests and abandoned agriculture to be −4.4 PgC/year, globally. The sink represents the potential for negative emissions if positive emissions from deforestation and wood harvest were eliminated. However, the sink is largely offset by emissions from wood products built up over the last century. Accounting for these committed emissions, we estimate that stopping deforestation and allowing secondary forests to grow would yield cumulative negative emissions between 2016 and 2100 of about 120 PgC, globally. Extending the lifetimes of wood products could potentially remove another 10 PgC from the atmosphere, for a total of approximately 130 PgC, or about 13 years of fossil fuel use at today's rate. As an upper limit, the estimate is conservative. It is based largely on past and current practices. But if greater negative emissions are to be realized, they will require an expansion of forest area, greater efficiencies in converting harvested wood to long-lasting products and sources of energy, and novel approaches for sequestering carbon in soils. That is, they will require current management practices to change.
Analysis of Protein O-GlcNAcylation by Mass Spectrometry.

O-linked β-d-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) addition (O-GlcNAcylation), a post-translational modification of serine/threonine residues of proteins, is involved in diverse cellular metabolic and signaling pathways. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation underlies the initiation and progression of multiple chronic diseases including diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous methods have been developed for the analysis of protein O-GlcNAcylation, but instead of discussing the classical biochemical techniques, this unit covers O-GlcNAc characterization by combining several enrichment methods and mass spectrometry detection techniques [including collision-induced dissociation (CID), higher energy collision dissociation (HCD), and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) mass spectrometry]. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: BEMAD; CID; enrichment; ETD; HCD; mass spectrometry; O-GlcNAc; O-GlcNAcome; O-GlcNAcomics; site mapping
The Imprint of Childhood Physical and Emotional Abuse: A Case Study on the Use of EMDR to Address Anxiety and a Lack of Self-Esteem

This article examines the use of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in helping a client address problems with persistent anxiety and a lack of self-esteem. During EMDR treatment, the client explored the dichotomous thinking that had plagued her since childhood, and correspondingly, the role of childhood physical and emotional abuse in her chronic feelings of inadequacy and anxiety. The client experienced significant improvement in her levels of anxiety and problems with self-esteem, both at the end of treatment and at 1-year follow up. Qualitative and quantitative data are utilized in this case study outlining the use of EMDR with a client diagnosed with dysthymic disorder.
Effect of pump type on outcomes in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia requiring ECMO.

Purpose:With the exception of neonatal respiratory failure, most centers are now using centrifugal over roller-type pumps for the delivery of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Evidence su...
Diagnosis and Laboratory Tests

The diagnosis of ADHD is determined by an evaluation of reports from parents and teachers and by observation and examination of the child in the office of the physician or psychologist. The parents and teachers should provide completed questionnaires that rate attention, behavior, impulsivity, academic achievement, and social skills. Since the symptoms of ADHD are especially troublesome when the child enters school, the teacher is often the first to draw attention to the problem and advise the parents to consult their pediatrician.
Health-related quality of life and sleep-disordered breathing in children.

Study objectives To assess the extent to which sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is associated with impairment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children Design Observational study of pediatric participants in a longitudinal genetic-epidemiologic cohort study of SDB. Setting Community-based; studies conducted at participants' homes Participants 298 children, aged 11.1 years +/- 3.5 SD; 54% females; 61% African-American or Other; 81% with a family member identified with laboratory-confirmed SDB. Interventions Not applicable Measurements and results The HRQOL was assessed with the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ-PF50), a 50-item parent-completed form that measures 14 multidimensional health concepts. Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) was assessed with ovemight in-home monitoring that recorded nasal-oral airflow, pulse oximetry, chest-wall impedance, and heart rate. Using logistic regression analyses, each CHQ scale outcome was analyzed independently for the effect of SDB, adjusting for other potential confounding variables and for family-correlated data. Significant differences in overall physical health and complaints of bodily pain were observed in children with generally mild levels of SDB. Relationships persisted after adjustment for age, gender, ethnicity, obesity, and asthma. Conclusions SDB in children is associated with measurably lower levels of specific dimensions of HRQOL in children. Decrements in HRQOL are measurable even for children with mild SDB, with increasing effects observed with more severe SDB.
Algal heme oxygenase from Cyanidium caldarium. Partial purification and fractionation into three required protein components.

Enzymatic heme oxygenase activity has been partially purified from extracts of the unicellular red alga Cyanidium caldarium, and the macromolecular components have been separated into three protein fractions, referred to as Fractions I, II, and III, by serial column chromatography through DEAE-cellulose and Reactive Blue 2-Sepharose. Fraction I is retained by DEAE-cellulose at low salt concentration and eluted by 1 M NaCl. Fraction II is retained by Blue Sepharose at low salt concentration and eluted by 1 M NaCl. Fraction III is retained on 2′,5′-ADP-agarose and eluted by 1 mM NADPH, while Fraction II is not retained on ADP-agarose. Fractions I-III, have Mr values of 22,000, 38,000, and 37,000, respectively (all +/- 2,000), as determined by Sephadex gel filtration chromatography. In vitro heme oxygenase activity requires the presence of all three fractions, plus substrate, O2, reduced pyridine nucleotide, and another reductant. Ascorbate, isoascorbate, and phenylenediamine serve equally well as the second reductant, but hydroquinone can also be used, with lower activity resulting. Fractions I-III are heat sensitive and inactive by Pronase digestion. Fraction I has a visible absorption spectrum similar to that of ferredoxin and is bleached by dithionite reduction or incubation with p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. Fraction I can be replaced by commercially available ferredoxin derived from the red alga Porphyra umbilicalis, and to a smaller extent, by spinach ferredoxin. Fraction III contains ferredoxin-linked cytochrome c reductase activity and can be partially replaced by spinach ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase. Reconstituted heme oxygenase and ferredoxin-linked cytochrome c reductase activities are both abolished if Fraction I or III is preincubated with 0.1 mM p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, but heme oxygenase activity is only slightly affected if Fraction II is preincubated with p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. Preincubation of Fraction II with 0.5 mM diethylpyrocarbonate inactivates heme oxygenase in the reconstituted system, and 10 microM mesohemin partially protects this Fraction against diethylpyrocarbonate inactivation. Algal heme oxygenase is inhibited 80% by 2 microM Sn-protoporphyrin even in the presence of 20 microM mesohemin. Fraction II is rate limiting in unfractionated and reconstituted incubation mixtures. None of the three cell fractions could be replaced by bovine spleen microsomal heme oxygenase or NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase.
Parent-based interventions on adolescent alcohol use outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background The effects of parent-based interventions on adolescent alcohol use are unclear, including what factors moderate intervention effects. This study examines the effects of parent-based interventions on adolescent alcohol use and whether the treatment effects vary by participants’ characteristics and intervention characteristics. Methods Eleven electronic databases and relevant studies' references were searched for eligible studies published before March 2017. Randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy of any parent-based intervention for alcohol use outcomes among adolescents up to 18 years old were eligible for review. Two reviewers independently conducted screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. Robust variance estimation in meta-regression was used to analyze treatment effect size estimates and to conduct moderator analysis. Results Twenty studies were included in the meta-analysis. The average treatment effect size across all drinking outcomes, with 44 effect sizes from 20 studies, was g = −0.23 with a 95% confidence interval [−0.35, −0.10] which is statistically significant. Parent-based interventions appreared to have larger mean effect sizes on adolescent drinking intention than binge drinking. Interventions targeting both general and alcohol-specific parenting strategies had larger average effect sizes than interventions targeting alcohol-specific parenting only. Conclusions This meta-analysis found evidence of parent-based interventions' efficacy in preventing or reducing adolescent alcohol use.
Enhancing Peer Network Interventions for Students With Complex Communication Needs

Educators need effective ways to build the communication skills of students learning to use aided augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) and support their interactions with peers. This st...
Insulin transport across the blood–brain barrier can occur independently of the insulin receptor

Key points Insulin enters the brain from the blood via a saturable transport system. It is unclear how insulin is transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Using two models of the signalling-related insulin receptor loss or inhibition, we show insulin transport can occur in vivo without the signalling-related insulin receptor. Insulin in the brain has multiple roles including acting as a metabolic regulator and improving memory. Understanding how insulin is transported across the BBB will aid in developing therapeutics to further increase CNS concentrations. Abstract A saturable system transports insulin from blood across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and into the central nervous system. Whether or not the classic or signalling-related insulin receptor plays a role in mediating this transport in vivo is controversial. Here, we employed kinetics methods that distinguish between transport across the brain endothelial cell and reversible luminal surface receptor binding. Using a previously established line of mice with endothelial-specific loss of the signalling-related insulin receptor (EndoIRKO) or inhibiting the insulin receptor with the selective antagonist S961, we show insulin transport across the BBB is maintained. Rates of insulin transport were similar in all groups and transport was still saturable. Unlike transport, binding of insulin to the brain endothelial cell was decreased with the loss or inhibition of the signalling-related insulin receptor. These findings demonstrate that the signalling-related insulin receptor is not required for insulin transport across the BBB.
Definition and Diffusion of the Innovation

Following Rogers’s (1983) discussion of organizational innovation diffusion, we argued in Chapter 4 that innovation adoption in organizations follows a series of steps. These are (1) agenda setting, (2) matching identified problems in performance with possible solutions or innovations, (3) defining or restructuring the innovation to fit the organizational setting (reinvention), (4) clarifying the meaning of the innovation for the core activities of the organization, and (5) routinizing the innovation as part of the regular activities of the organization.
455 ASSESSING POST-STROKE IPSILESIONAL MOTOR SEQUENCING DEFICITS.

Purpose Ipsilesional motor deficits that are present following a unilateral stroke affect activities of daily living and potentially independent functioning. Ipsilesional deficits may be due to impairment in higher-level cognitive processes, such as motor planning. This study focuses on the Williams Door task to investigate sequencing deficits in the ipsilesional limb following a unilateral stroke. We hypothesized that limb apraxia would best predict impaired performance after left hemisphere damage (LHD) when aphasia, spatial deficits, and simple motor deficits were also considered. For the right hemisphere-damaged (RHD) group, we predicted that ipsilesional motor deficits, spatial deficits, or both would be predictors of performance. Methods We examined 114 right-handed subjects: 31 patients with LHD due to stroke, 21 patients with RHD due to stroke, and 62 able-bodied control (ABC) subjects. Data obtained included ideomotor limb apraxia, aphasia, spatial ability, and right and left motor ability. The primary dependent measure is the Williams Doors Task. Results Both LHD and RHD groups demonstrated ipsilesional deficits on the Williams Doors task (p Conclusions Comparable ipsilesional deficits were present after left or right hemisphere damage, but the predictors of such performance were different. Whereas limb apraxia and spatial deficits best predicted the performance of the LHD group, left motor skills best predicted ipsilesional performance of the RHD group. The Williams Door task is a good global measure of ipsilesional limb impairment after a right or left hemisphere stroke and can be used as an additional measure for evaluating ipsilesional limb-sequencing ability for potential rehabilitation.
Arterial, but Not Venous, Reconstruction Increases 30-Day Morbidity and Mortality in Pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Vascular reconstruction during pancreaticoduodenectomy is increasingly utilized to improve pancreatic cancer resectability. However, few multi-institutional studies have evaluated the morbidity and mortality of arterial and venous reconstruction during this procedure. A retrospective analysis was performed utilizing the targeted pancreas module of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) for pancreaticoduodenectomy from 2014 to 2015. Demographics, comorbidities, and 30-day outcomes for patients who underwent venous or arterial reconstruction and both were compared to no reconstruction. A total of 3002 patients were included in our study: 384 with venous reconstruction, 52 with arterial, 81 with both, and 2566 without. Compared to patients without reconstruction, those who underwent venous reconstruction had more congestive heart failure (1.8% vs 0.2%, P < 0.01), those with arterial reconstruction had higher rates of pulmonary disease (11.5% vs. 4.5%, P = 0.02), and neoadjuvant chemotherapy was more common in both venous (34% vs 12%, P < 0.01) and arterial reconstruction (21% vs 12%, P = 0.04). In multivariable analysis, there was no increase in morbidity or mortality following venous reconstruction. However, arterial reconstruction was associated with increased 30-day mortality with an odds ratio (OR): 6.7, 95%; confidence interval (CI): 1.8–25. Morbidity was increased as represented with return to the operating room (OR: 4.5, 95%; CI: 1.5–15), pancreatic fistula (OR: 4.4, 95%; CI: 1.7–11), and reintubation (OR: 3.9, 95%; CI: 1.1–14). Venous reconstruction during pancreaticoduodenectomy does not increase perioperative morbidity or mortality and should be considered for patients previously considered to be unresectable or those where R0 resection would otherwise not be possible due to venous involvement. Careful consideration should be made prior to arterial reconstruction given the significant increase in perioperative complications and death within 30 days.