cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new interactive environment for computer-aided experiments

Computer-aided experimentation not only requires a "natural" computer language and direct program execution but also a really convenient environment for storing and recovering experi ment protocols, model descriptions, and results, which can in clude extensive time-history records. This note describes such an environment in the framework of the DESCTOP work sta tion language. Time history, program, and data files are auto matically labeled with problem identification codes, which are updated as the experiment proceeds. At the same time, the system keeps a "notebook file" which automatically records references to saved files and, in response to programmed or command-mode statements, also records program and data changes as well as user's comments. What is more, the notebook file itself is an executable DESCTOP program, whose segments can be edited and executed to recover simulation time histories and to perform postprocessing operations.
Kruppel-like Factor 2 Modulates CCR5 Expression and Susceptibility to HIV-1 Infection

CCR5, a cell surface molecule critical for the transmission and spread of HIV-1, is dynamically regulated during T cell activation and differentiation. The molecular mechanism linking T cell activation to modulation of CCR5 expression remains undefined. Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) is a transcription factor that promotes quiescence, survival, and in part by modulating chemokine receptor levels, induces homing to secondary lymphoid organs. Given the relationship between T cell activation and chemokine receptor expression, we tested whether the abundance of KLF2 after T cell activation regulates CCR5 expression and, thus, susceptibility of a T cell to CCR5-dependent HIV-1 strains (R5). We observed a strong correlation between T cell activation, expression of KLF2 and CCR5, and susceptibility to infection. To directly measure how KLF2 affects CCR5 regulation, we introduced small interfering RNA targeting KLF2 expression and demonstrated that reduced KLF2 expression also resulted in less CCR5. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays identified KLF2 bound to the CCR5 promoter in resting but not CD3/28 activated T cells, suggesting that KLF2 directly regulates CCR5 expression. Introduction of KLF2 under control of a heterologous promoter could restore CCR5 expression and R5 susceptibility to CD3/28 costimulated T cells and some transformed cell lines. Thus, KLF2 is a host factor that modulates CCR5 expression in CD4 T cells and influences susceptibility to R5 infection.
Committee on runoff, 1939–40

The Runoff Committee during the year has consisted of H. K. Barrows, Merrill Bernard, E. S. Callings, R. S. Goodridge, G. A. Hathaway, Joseph Jacobs, Prof. F. T. Mavis, H. S. Riesbol, Waldo E. Smith, F. F. Snyder, and H. G. Wilm. The Committee represents a rather wide geographic distribution, quite a large variety of interests, and most of the agencies interested in runoff-problems. Throughout the year members of the Committee have shown interest in runoff-problems of various kinds as evidenced by numerous articles and discussions in technical publications and by their participation in the deliberations of many working or advisory committees dealing with hydrologic problems. As the Chairman views it, the functions of the members of the research committees are not only to keep abreast of, and to make advances in, the technique relating to their particular fields, but also to demonstrate the practicability of the technique in the field of applied hydrology. Members of the Committee on Runoff have kept these aims in view. As in past years, the Committee is indebted to Miss Mary Soroka of New York City, Chairman of the International Committee on Bibliography, for her compilations of references to all articles relating to runoff, and to Mr. Beij for his work in connection therewith.
LOCALIZATION OF ANTIGEN IN TISSUE CELLS II. IMPROVEMENTS IN A METHOD FOR THE DETECTION OF ANTIGEN BY MEANS OF FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY

Improvements in a method for the specific microscopic localization of antigen in tissue cells are described. This method employs antibody labelled with fluorescein isocyanate as a histochemical stain, the specific antigen-antibody precipitate being made visible under the fluorescence microscope. Two isomeric series derived from nitrofluorescein are described.
Arthroscopic Surgery for Isolated Capitellar Osteochondritis Dissecans in Adolescent Baseball Players Minimum Three-Year Follow-Up

BackgroundOsteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum of the humerus usually occurs in adolescence and is caused by the valgus forces associated with excessive throwing.HypothesisArthroscopic surgery is an appropriate procedure for this condition.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsArthroscopic surgery was performed on 10 baseball players (average age, 13.8 years) with osteochondritis dissecans whose symptoms had been apparent for an average of 9 months before the operation. Follow-up at an average of 3.9 years included use of a standard rating scale, radiographs, and a questionnaire regarding return to sport.ResultsThere were two grade I, one grade II, two grade IV, and five grade V lesions. Symptoms and objective findings correlated poorly with the grade of the lesion. The postoperative score averaged 195, reflecting excellent results. Radiographically, the primary lesion was still apparent in one patient, secondary degenerative changes were evident in one patient, and, in one patient, the les...
Feeding and Nonfeeding Interactions of Mothers and Prematures

The interactions between mothers and premature infants during feeding and nonfeeding periods were explored. Twenty-nine premature infants and their mothers were observed interacting for 1 hour in their homes at 6 months corrected for prematurity. Mothers were more likely to engage in the following behaviors involving close contact during feeding: looking at the infant, holding the infant, having body contact, and rocking their infants. They interacted with their infants 96% of feeding time. During nonfeeding periods, they were more likely to engage in more distal behaviors (e.g., gesturing, touching, and playing with the infant) and spent only 67% of the time interacting with the infant. Infants were more likely to be alert, vocalize, play with objects, express negative affect, and locomote during nonfeeding, and they were more likely to be drowsy or asleep during feeding. Therefore, a complete understanding of interactions between mothers and prematures can only come from examining both feeding and nonfe...
Myocardial consequences of reperfusion

OLLOWING THE introduction in the 1970s of coronary artery bypass surgery for emergency revascularization of patients with acute myocardial infarction, investigators began to report large hemorrhagic infarcts in some patients dying after surgery. Several experimental studies also reported possible deleterious consequences of reperfusion, but the majority of reports indicated that early reperfusion reduced, rather than extended, infarct size. The balance of scientific opinion supported the notion that reperfusion caused accelerated injury of cells that were already irreversibly damaged but did not cause death of cells that would otherwise have recovered. In the past few years, however, there has been a remarkable resurgence of interest in the issue of reperfusion injury (Fig 1). As will be detailed subsequently, an increasing number of experimental studies suggest that reperfusion may indeed have an injurious component and that oxygen derived free radicals may represent an important mediator of damage. In addition, with the increasing availability of thrombolytic agents and coronary balloon angioplasty for emergency revascularization, early reperfusion has become a practical reality for large numbers of acute infarct patients. This fact has created an urgency for answering the question of to what extent, and under what conditions, myocardial reperfusion may be injurious.
The discovery of the chemical evolution of singlet oxygen. Some current chemical, photochemical, and biological applications

From the speculations of G. N. Lewis in 1916, [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 38, 762 (1916)], the spectral predictions of R.S. Mulliken [Nature 122, 505 (1928)], and the quantum mechanical treatment by E. Huckel [Z. Phys. 60, 423 (1930)], the three lowest states of molecular oxygen (3Σg−, 1Δg, and 1Σ) remained spectroscopic elusives until Gerhard and Lisa Herzberg [G. Herzberg, Nature 133, 759 (1934); L. Herzberg and G. Herzberg, Astrophys. J. 105, 353 (1947); G. Herzberg and L. Herzberg, Astrophys. J. 108, 167 (1948)], precisely defined them by observed infared transitions. The excited singlets remained of interest mainly to atmospheric spectroscopists and astrophysicists, and research on these species was scarce. The discovery in 1963 by A.U. Khan and M. Kasha [J. Chem. Phys. 39, 2105 (1963)] of the simple chemical production of singlet molecular oxygens by the aqueous reaction of hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite released an explosion of research on the neglected species. Fifteen research symposia and research treatises confirm the broad range of chemical activities of singlet oxygen. The extension to biological systems is now proceeding, with surprising evidence of involvement of natural processes, including the action of singlet oxygen in white blood cell phagocytosis.
The size range of suspended particles trapped and ingested by the filter-feeding lancelet Branchiostoma floridae (Cephalochordata: Acrania)

Lancelets of the genus Branchiostoma (amphioxus) are widespread and locally abundant filter-feeding animals in shallow coastal waters of the south-eastern US (up to 5000 ind/m2) and in temperate and tropical seas worldwide (up to 9000 ind/m2). Lancelets are consumed by bottom-dwelling fish and humans. As part of a larger project to aquaculture lancelets, an experiment was conducted to determine the range of diameters of suspended particles filtered and ingested by the Florida lancelet, Branchiostoma floridae (Chordata: Cephalochordata). After a period of starvation, animals were exposed to a suspension of tracer particles of seven different diameters (range 90–0.062 μm) and the protein, ferritin (0.012 μm) and their faeces were examined subsequently for the presence or absence of tracer. Particles ranging from 90–0.062 μm, but not ferritin, were filtered and ingested. Many of the 90 μm diameter particles, however, were excluded from entering the body by the oral cirri. Under experimental conditions, B. floridae filters and ingests particles in the range of ∼100–0.062 μm (microplankton to colloidal particles). This result suggests that the lancelet diet, like that of appendicularians, includes microbial as well as phytoplankton production.
Computational Models of Cognitive and Motor Control

Most of the earliest work in both experimental and theoretical/computational system neuroscience focused on sensory systems and the peripheral (spinal) control of movement. However, over the last three decades, attention has turned increasingly toward higher functions related to cognition, decision making and voluntary behavior. Experimental studies have shown that specific brain structures – the prefrontal cortex, the premotor and motor cortices, and the basal ganglia – play a central role in these functions, as does the dopamine system that signals reward during reinforcement learning. Because of the complexity of the issues involved and the difficulty of direct observation in deep brain structures, computational modeling has been crucial in elucidating the neural basis of cognitive control, decision making, reinforcement learning, working memory, and motor control. The resulting computational models are also very useful in engineering domains such as robotics, intelligent agents, and adaptive control. While it is impossible to encompass the totality of such modeling work, this chapter provides an overview of significant efforts in the last 20 years. It also outlines many of the theoretical issues underlying this work, and discusses significant experimental results that motivated the computational models.
Endurance training reduces renal vasoconstriction to orthostatic stress

Endurance training has been associated with increased orthostatic intolerance. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that endurance training reduces renal vasoconstriction to ...
EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS IN A MICROBIAL CHALLENGE STUDY FOR AN INTERMEDIATE MOISTURE DOG FOOD

Various microbial inhibitor systems were studied for their effectiveness in a semgmoist dog food formulation. The effectiveness was measured as inhibition of the natural contaminants Aspergillus glaucus and Staphylococcus epidermidis and of an inoculated challenge organism, Aspergillus niger. The study was carried out at aw 0.85 and 0.88 and at pH 5.4 and 6.3 giving a total of 108 systems. It was found that very few compounds alone or in combination could prevent growth of all three organisms. The only FDA approved additive that was effective alone was propylene glycol.
Scattering by dielectric filled grooves using a combination of higher order impedance boundary conditions and edge conditions

In this paper higher order impedance boundary conditions, (HOIBC), are used in combination with edge conditions to solve the problem of scattering by a two dimensional dielectric filled groove in an infinite ground plane. This object can be used to model a perturbation in an otherwise homogeneous large conducting body such as hatches, ports, and seams between panels. The conducting boundary of the groove is of arbitrary shape, and the dielectric filling the groove is assumed to be comprised of discrete layers oriented parallel to the ground plane. Higher order impedance boundary conditions which are determined using a spectral domain method, are applied to the problem of scattering by multilayer grooves with arbitrary profiles, and the effects of discontinuities on the boundary conditions, i.e. sharp corners, are addressed by incorporating the proper edge conditions. Monostatic and bistatic RCS results will be compared to those from an exact solution which is based upon a mode matching/scattering matrix approach for the interior region.
Supporting Students’ Self-Regulated Learning with an Open Learner Model in a Linear Equation Tutor

Self-assessment and study choice are two important metacognitive processes involved in Self-Regulated Learning. Yet not much empirical work has been conducted in ITSs to investigate how we can best support these two processes and improve students’ learning outcomes. The present work redesigned an Open Learner Model (OLM) with three features aimed at supporting self-assessment (self-assessment prompts, delaying the update of the skill bars and progress information on the problem type level). We also added a problem selection feature. A 2x2 experiment with 62 7th graders using variations of an ITS for linear equation solving found that students who had access to the OLM performed significantly better on the post-test. To the best of our knowledge, the study is the first experimental study that shows an OLM enhances students’ learning outcomes with an ITS. It also helps establish that self-assessment has key influence on student learning of problem solving tasks.
Statutory Interpretation or Public Administration: How Chevron Misconceives the Function of Agencies and Why It Matters

By its Chevron doctrines, the Supreme Court reconceived the core function of administrative agencies as statutory construction, modeled on the judicial process, instead of the actual legal function of public administration, which is operational implementation of statutory programs. Since statutory construction by tradition lies within the domain of the courts, the Court's reconception of administrative work transferred sources of law on judicial review and administrative procedure from institutionally savvy statutes, principally the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) and enabling acts, to the Court's own judge-made canons. Because those canons are founded on a false paradigm of public administration as statutory construction, they have had pernicious effects, including reshaping agency procedures in ways that frustrate values of public administration, promoting excessive amounts of judge-made law on the meaning of regulatory statutes, and minimizing judicial oversight of administrative work for basic rationality. After decades of relentlessly using Chevron's tests designed for -statutory construction- to supervise the operational acts of public bureaucracies that are charged with the substantially different task of -carrying out- statutory programs, the Supreme Court last Term decided several cases that break from Chevron's misconception. The Court revived the framework of judicial review from the formative, pre-Chevron era, when the APA dominated judicial review. That development is heartening. The earlier framework is more attuned to the actual legal function of public administration and it relies on the comparative institutional strengths of agencies and courts. The statutory framework of the APA works better than the judge-made Chevron canons of the Supreme Court, and it is, after all, the scheme that Congress enacted into law. Statutes are the way out.
Adaptive attention: how preference for animacy impacts change detection

Abstract The selective nature of visual attention prioritizes objects in a scene that are most perceptually salient, those relevant to personal goals, and animate objects. Here we present data from two intentional change detection studies designed to determine the extent to which animals in a scene distract from other changes. Our stimuli depicted camouflaged animals in their natural habitats. We compared participants' responses to changing animals and inanimate objects selected from the same pictures, thus improving on other methodologies studying this effect. Experiment 1 results suggest that animals are noticed rapidly and accurately, even when they share bottom-up features with the rest of the scene. Additionally, the unchanging presence of camouflaged animals distract from detecting inanimate changes. Experiment 2 employed signal detection theory (SDT) to measure the sensitivity ( d ′) and response bias ( β ) related to changing animate versus inanimate stimuli. Experiment 2 outcomes indicate that participants tend to adopt a liberal response bias and are most sensitive to animate changes. Presence of an animal in a scene also influences sensitivity ( d ′) when participants had to attend to and notice inanimate changes. Our findings are interpreted as additional support for the animate-monitoring hypothesis which suggests that early detection of animacy may have endowed our hunter-gather ancestors with survival advantages.
Differences in Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, Treatment and Mortality among African-American and White Elderly Men

Background: There are limited population-based studies of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men, and most studies examined to date have been restricted to predominately white populations. This study examines treatment and all-cause mortality among a cohort of African-American and white men aged ≥ 65 with BPH/LUTS symptoms over time. Methods: Data were collected from the Piedmont Health Survey of the Elderly-Established Populations for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly for 5 North Carolina counties from 1994 (N=502) to 1998 (N=322). Results: From 1994-1998, there were no significant racial differences in treatment by catheter insertion, prostate surgery or drug therapy for BPH/LUTS. However, overall use of the 3 treatments increased from 1994-1998, with drug therapy showing the largest increase. Adjusted analyses revealed racial differences in prostate surgery only, with African-American men nearly 40% more likely to receive prostate surgery than white men. Men with comorbid conditions were less likely to receive drug therapy, whereas those with poor self-reported health or cancer were more likely to receive prostate surgery. Catheter insertion was more likely for those who had resided in a nursing home. Men who received drug therapy treatment or had regular rectal exams showed decreased risk of mortality. Conclusion: Findings suggest that healthcare providers should direct more attention to the management of LUTS in white and African-American elderly men. Data also demonstrate the need for studies that focus on treatment modalities as well as important correlates of LUTS.
The Mechanism of Action of Thiouracil

ConclusionThiouracil and thiourea in addition to preventing the synthesis of the thyroid hormone has some effect on thyroid per se when fed to white mice.
La Sabina: Lo femenino-monstruoso en el cine de José Luis Borau

This article presents a feminist reading of Jose Luis Borau’s La Sabina (1979) by exploring how the female body is perceived as a monstrous object that endangers male subjectivity. According to Barbara Creed, ‘the monstrous-feminine’ is associated to female sexuality and it takes the form of the archaic mother, the monstrous womb, the witch, or the woman possessed by the devil. In Borau’s film La Sabina, the monstrous-feminine appears as a female dragon who possesses and then devours those men who enter her cave. Contrary to Freud’s theory of the castration complex, the female body is feared as castrator, rather than as castrated. These male fantasies built around the female body as a phobic and abject object are dangerous because they can lead to the denigration of women and eventually to actual acts of gender violence.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 Activates the Unfolded Protein Response and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphorylation in H-69 Cholangiocyte Cells.

Objective: Cholangiocytes are injured in many cholestatic diseases that can progress to cirrhosis, liver cancer and need for liver transplantation. Recent studies demonstrate that the hormone Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 (FGF19) is produced in the ileum and regulates hepatic gene expression. However, the role of FGF19 in cholangiocytes remains largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of FGF19 on cholangiocyte gene and protein signaling. Methods: Human cholangiocyte-derived H-69 cells were cultured and treated with varying concentrations of FGF19 (0–50 ng/ml) for 24 hours. Expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase MAPK proteins JNK1/2, ERK1/2, and p38, and several Unfolder Protein Response (UPR) proteins were studied using Western blot analysis. Gene expression of UPR pathways was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: FGF19 treatment increased BiP and CHOP protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Gene expression of BiP increased from 1.02 ± 0.24 to 2.16 ± 0.62 (vehicle vs. FGF19 25 ng/ml, respectively. p<0.01) and CHOP expression increased from 1.05 ± 0.36 to 2.42 ± 0.56 (vehicle vs. FGF19 50 ng/ml, respectively, p ≤ 0.01). The UPR protein phosphorylated-eIF2α displayed a bimodal pattern of protein expression, with concentrations of 2.5-10 ng/ml of FGF19 maximally reducing expression and 50 ng/ml maximally increasing expression. Protein expression of phosphorylated JNK1/2, ERK1, and p38 also displayed a similar bimodal pattern of expression with a reduced expression at 2.5 ng/ml FGF19 and a return to baseline at 25 ng/ml. Conclusion: These findings indicate that FGF19 treatment of H-69 cells selectively activates the UPR and MAPK pathways. We believe that FGF19 may have a role in the pathogenesis of human cholangiopathies.
Cofactor bypass variants reveal a conformational control mechanism governing cell wall polymerase activity.

To fortify their cytoplasmic membrane and protect it from osmotic rupture, most bacteria surround themselves with a peptidoglycan (PG) exoskeleton synthesized by the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). As their name implies, these proteins are the targets of penicillin and related antibiotics. We and others have shown that the PG synthases PBP1b and PBP1a of Escherichia coli require the outer membrane lipoproteins LpoA and LpoB, respectively, for their in vivo function. Although it has been demonstrated that LpoB activates the PG polymerization activity of PBP1b in vitro, the mechanism of activation and its physiological relevance have remained unclear. We therefore selected for variants of PBP1b (PBP1b*) that bypass the LpoB requirement for in vivo function, reasoning that they would shed light on LpoB function and its activation mechanism. Several of these PBP1b variants were isolated and displayed elevated polymerization activity in vitro, indicating that the activation of glycan polymer growth is indeed one of the relevant functions of LpoB in vivo. Moreover, the location of amino acid substitutions causing the bypass phenotype on the PBP1b structure support a model in which polymerization activation proceeds via the induction of a conformational change in PBP1b initiated by LpoB binding to its UB2H domain, followed by its transmission to the glycosyl transferase active site. Finally, phenotypic analysis of strains carrying a PBP1b* variant revealed that the PBP1b–LpoB complex is most likely not providing an important physical link between the inner and outer membranes at the division site, as has been previously proposed.
Investigation on the agricultural instruments and tools injuries and their risk factors in Shandong Province

Objective To understand the prevalence and risk factors of agricultural injuries in rural residents.Methods A retrospective investigation was conducted among rural residents in 20 villages of Shandong Province using the multistage cluster sampling method.Logistic regression analysis was performed by SAS8.1 statistical software.Results A total of 263 cases reported at least 1 instruments or tolls related injury out of the 11 902 people surveyed in one year.The crude incidence rate was 2.21% and the standardized incidence rate was 2.25%,which was higher in males(3.03%) than in females(0.98%).34 cases ended up in disability caused by injuries,with the morbidity rate of 2.86 per thousand,and 2 cases died of injury.Major external causes related to instruments or tools injury were cut or smashed by hand tools(51.33%),by livestock power instrument(25.86%),by fuel drive instrument(17.49%),by electrical instrument(5.32%).The seasonality occurred was the highest among agricultural production season(between June and August).There were higher proportion of injuries occurred on the work location such as farm field(44.11%).The multivariate unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that the 18 dumb variables were risk factors for instruments and tools injury out of marital status,occupation,type of work in production,health status,life stress,interpersonal relationship,safeguard measures,sleeping deficiency,activities and environmental aspects before injury,compared with housework and go to school were protective factors.Conclusions The incidence of agricultural profession-related instruments and tools injuries is high.Risk factors involved multiple aspects and tache of farm production.Therefore,it is necessary to take comprehensive measures to prevent and control these injuries.
Out of the Classroom and Into the City: The Use of Field Trips as an Experiential Learning Tool in Teacher Education

This article explores the researcher’s use of field trips as an experiential learning tool in a social studies methods course as a pilot study. The researchers analyzed course evaluations and stude...
Experimental Challenge of a Peridomestic Avian Species, European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), with Novel Influenza A H7N9 Virus from China

Abstract In 2013 a novel avian influenza H7N9 virus was isolated from several critically ill patients in China, and infection with this virus has since caused more than 200 human deaths. Live poultry markets are the likely locations of virus exposure to humans. Peridomestic avian species also may play important roles in the transmission and maintenance of H7N9 at live poultry markets. We experimentally challenged wild European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) with the novel H7N9 virus and measured virus excretion, clinical signs, and infectious dose. We found that European Starlings can be infected with this virus when inoculated with relatively high doses, and we predict that infected birds excrete sufficient amounts of virus to transmit to other birds, including domestic chickens. Infected European Starlings showed no clinical signs or mortality after infection with H7N9. This abundant peridomestic bird may be a source of the novel H7N9 virus in live poultry markets and may have roles in virus transmission ...
MO-F-201-00: PANEL DISCUSSION: Preparing for Parts 2 and 3 of the ABR Therapy Medical Physics Exam

The goal of this session is to provide guidance to medical physicists undergoing the American Board of Radiology certification process in therapeutic medical physics. This panel discussion will focus on parts 2 (computer-based) and 3 (oral) of the examination. Unlike the latter portions of the exam which are specialty-driven, part 1 is universal for all medical physics fields and will not be addressed. This session is structured into different topics that aim to guide the participants on how to successfully prepare for the board exams. The subjects of discussion will include timing and strategies for exam preparation, crucial differences in preparing for the clinical computer-based exam versus the oral exam, what study tools are currently available for each, etc. The panel discussion format will allow the speakers to collectively present their experience and advice relating to each topic and foment audience participation. Learning Objectives: 1. Know the main differences between what is expected for parts 2 and 3 2. Know different resources for test preparation 3. Know how to formulate a plan to best study for each part based on the specific skill set the two parts require 4. Know how to best present his/her answers during the oral examination – demeanor, answer structure, etc.
Drug-Induced Exacerbation of BECTS

The incidence of drug-induced exacerbation of benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) was determined retrospectively in 82 patients examined at the Centre Saint Paul, Marseille, France.
Abstract P121: Consumer-based Physical Activity Monitors and Research-grade Accelerometers Underestimate Physical Activity in a Semi-structured Setting

Introduction: Consumer-based physical activity (PA) monitors have become popular tools to track PA (steps and energy expenditure [EE]), but little is known about their accuracy and comparability to...
Self-directed Learning in Otolaryngology Residents' Preparation for Surgical Cases.

OBJECTIVES To characterize the nature of surgical preparation among otolaryngology residents nationwide, determine the self-rated effectiveness and efficiency of case preparation practices, and identify potential means for educational improvement. METHODS A survey examining the study objectives was developed and distributed to otolaryngology residents nationwide. Survey response data were submitted to descriptive analysis and comparative analyses between junior and senior residents. Literature regarding case preparation among otolaryngology residents was reviewed. RESULTS Among 108 resident respondents, the most commonly used resources included textbooks (86.1%), surgical education websites (74.1%), and surgical atlases (66.7%). Time was the primary limitation (cited by 84.3%) and convenience the predominant factor influencing resource selection (92.5%). On a 5-point Likert scale, mean scores regarding effectiveness and efficiency of case preparation were 3.53 ± 0.68 and 3.19 ± 0.88, respectively. Senior residents compared to junior residents were more likely to rate their preparation as effective (3.75 ± 0.54 vs 3.40 ± 0.72, P = .008) and efficient (3.45 ± 0.85 vs 3.03 ± 0.86, P = .02). CONCLUSION Otolaryngology residents do not consistently rate their case preparation as effective or efficient. While there appears to be progress in self-directed learning throughout residency, room for improvement remains, with potential avenues for such improvement explored here.
Effects of heat treatments and UV exposures on mechanical properties of 3D printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene specimens

Over the last few years, tremendous amount of research efforts has been conducted on 3D printing materials, methods and systems. Various 3D printer materials in different size, shape and geometry can be used for advanced designs, modeling, and manufacturing for different industrial applications. In the present study, dog bone shape specimen was designed via a CATIA CAD model, and then printed by a 3D printer using a polymeric filament (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene - ABS). Some of the prepared samples were heat treated at 40 °C, 60 °C, and 80 °C for 30 minutes, while the others were exposed to the UV light in a chamber for 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days. The surface and mechanical properties of the conditioned samples were determined using water contact angle and tensile test units, respectively. The test results indicated that the heat treatment process increased the mechanical properties; however, the UV exposure tests significantly reduced the water contact angle and properties of the samples. During these studies, undergraduate engineering students were involved in the tests, and gained a lot of hands-on research experiences.
O Que Eu Sei Hoje: Reflexões sobre a Pedagogia da Teoria da Música

O livro de Ellyn Spragin, What I Know Now: Letters to My Younger Self (2008), e o ponto de partida deste ensaio, no qual a autora reflete sobre suas experiencias pessoais durante trinta anos de ensino de Teoria da Musica. Durante aproximadamente vinte desses anos, ela ministrou um curso de pedagogia da teoria da musica—campo fertil para o seu proprio aprendizado, enquanto observava jovens professores aprimorarem seu oficio. O ensaio apresenta alguns conceitos importantes desse curso e demonstra como as tecnicas de ensino aprendidas via tentativa-e-erro, experimentos, e a observacao de seus alunos e colegas tem uma abundante literatura pedagogica e cognitiva que as respaldam. Ela conclui com uma carta escrita para si mesma, quando jovem.
A novel thermal compression device for perioperative warming: a randomized trial for feasibility and efficacy.

Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia (IPH) leads to surgical complications and increases length of stay. IPH rates are high with the current standard of care, forced air warming (FAW). Our hypothesis is that a prototype thermal compression device that heats the popliteal fossa and soles of the feet, with lower leg compression, increases perioperative temperatures and reduces IPH compared to the current standard of care. Thirty six female breast surgery patients, at a tertiary academic hospital, were randomized to the device or intraoperative FAW (stage I) with a further 18 patients randomized to the device with a single heating area only (stage II, popliteal fossa or sole of the feet). Stage I: 37 patients recruited (final 36). Stage II: 18 patients recruited (final 18). Inclusion criteria: general anesthesia with esophageal monitoring for over 30 min, legs available and able to fit the device and no contraindications to leg heating or compression. The intervention was: Stage I: Investigational prototype thermal compression device (full device group) or intraoperative FAW. Stage II: Device with only a single heating location. Primary outcomes were perioperative temperatures and incidence of IPH. Secondary outcomes were local skin temperature, general and thermal comfort scores and presence of perioperative complications, including blood loss. Mean temperatures in the full device group were significantly higher than the FAW group in the pre-operative (36.7 vs 36.4 °C, p < 0.001), early intraoperative (36.3 vs 35.9 °C, p < 0.001), intraoperative (36.6 vs 36.2 °C, p < 0.001) and postoperative periods (36.8 vs 36.5 °C, p < 0.001). The incidence of IPH in the device group was also significantly lower (16.7% vs 72.0%, p = 0.001). Thermal comfort scores were significantly higher in the full device group and hypothermia associated wound complications were higher in the FAW group. The thermal compression device is feasible and has efficacy over the FAW. Further studies are recommended to investigate clinically significant outcomes. clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT02155400 )
Imaging Electronic Motions by Ultrafast Electron Diffraction

Recently ultrafast electron diffraction and microscopy have reached unprecedented temporal resolution, and transient structures with atomic precision have been observed in various reactions. It is anticipated that these extraordinary advances will soon allow direct observation of electronic motions during chemical reactions. We therefore performed a series of theoretical investigations and simulations to investigate the imaging of electronic motions in atoms and molecules by ultrafast electron diffraction. Three prototypical electronic motions were considered for hydrogen atoms. For the case of a breathing mode, the electron density expands and contracts periodically, and we show that the time-resolved scattering intensities reflect such changes of the charge radius. For the case of a wiggling mode, the electron oscillates from one side of the nucleus to the other, and we show that the diffraction images exhibit asymmetric angular distributions. The last case is a hybrid mode that involves both breathing and wiggling motions. Owing to the demonstrated ability of ultrafast electrons to image these motions, we have proposed to image a coherent population transfer in lithium atoms using currently available femtosecond electron pulses. A frequency-swept laser pulse adiabatically drives the valence electron of a lithium atom from the 2s to 2p orbitals, and a time-delayed electron pulse maps such motion. Our simulations show that the diffraction images reflect this motion both in the scattering intensities and the angular distributions.
A Multiscale Algorithm for Spatiotemporal Modeling of Multivalent Protein-Protein Interaction.

Abstract This article introduces a multiscale framework for spatiotemporal modeling of protein–protein interaction. Cellular protein molecules represent multivalent species that contain modular fea...
Use of Anencephalic Infants as Organ Donors Crossing a Threshold

My interest in this area began in June 1986, when I received a call from a pediatric neurologist on the east coast. She called me in my capacity as chairman of the Ethics and Humanities Committee of the American Academy of Neurology because she had become quite concerned when she had heard of professionals involved in the transplant movement discuss the increasingly common practice of using anencephalics as organ donors.
Ethics in American Public Administration: A Response to a Changing Reality

This article tracks the evolution of ethics in American public administration from the inception of the field in the late nineteenth century to the present, and employs the ethical lens to address ...
Two-Dimensional Fullerene Assembly from an Exfoliated van der Waals Template.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are commonly prepared by exfoliating bulk layered van der Waals crystals. The creation of synthetic 2D materials from bottom-up methods is an important challenge as their structural flexibility will enable chemists to tune the materials properties. A 2D material was assembled using C60 as a polymerizable monomer. The C60 building blocks are first assembled into a layered solid using a molecular cluster as structure director. The resulting hierarchical crystal is used as a template to polymerize its C60 monolayers, which can be exfoliated down to 2D crystalline nanosheets. Derived from the parent template, the 2D structure is composed of a layer of inorganic cluster, sandwiched between two monolayers of polymerized C60 . The nanosheets can be transferred onto solid substrates and depolymerized by heating. Electronic absorption spectroscopy reveals an optical gap of 0.25 eV, narrower than that of the bulk parent crystalline solid.
Effects of magnesium oxide on carbonic acid resistance of oil well cement

Abstract This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the effects of magnesium oxide additive on the performance of oil well cement under a high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) carbonic acid environment. Magnesium oxide (MgO) is a well-known expanding agent that improves sealing performance of cement. However, the performance of MgO-based cement has not been tested in a carbonic acid environment. Therefore, to investigate the impact of MgO on carbonic acid resistance of cement, two cement slurry formulations: Class H cement with 35% silica (baseline or HS) and baseline cement with MgO (HSMG) were compared after exposure to an acidic environment. To evaluate their performance, cylindrical cores and shear bond strengths (SBS) samples were prepared and aged in HPHT autoclave containing brine (2% sodium chloride solution) saturated with mixed gas containing CH4 and CO2. Six aging tests were conducted varying CO2 concentration, temperature, and pressure. After aging for 14 days at constant pressure and temperature, the samples were recovered, and their physical (bond and compressive strength, porosity and permeability) and mineralogical composition were measured and compared with those of unaged samples. The results suggest that addition of 5% MgO reduces the carbonation of cement and could potentially prolong the operational life of cement by protecting its binding components (calcium hydroxide and calcium silicate hydrate).
THE MONKEY AS A MODEL IN METHANOL POISONING

Methanol poisoning in man is characterized by a mild central nervous system depression, metabolic acidosis and ocular toxixity followed by coma and death. Previous work from this laboratory has described the production of metabolic acidosis, coma and death in rhesus and pigtail monkeys without the demonstration of definitive ocular lesions. Since animals used in those studies died rapidly after methanol administration a prolonged and less intense state of intoxication was deemed necessary for the production and recognition of ocular toxicity. Thus, methanol was administered at a dose of 2 g/kg followed by subsequent doses of 0.5 g/kg until signs of ocular toxicity were observed: usually at 48 hours, or later, after the first dose of methanol. Ocular toxicity was characterized as optic disc edema with dilated pupils and a slow reaction of the pupillary reflex to light. A rapid intraarterial perfusion of appropriate fixatives was used in order to minimize autolysis of tissues. Histopathologic changes included intracellular swelling and mitochondrial disruption in the area of the optic disc but otherwise retinal histology was normal. Clinical symptoms appeared to be similar to those described in man and may provide a basis for our understanding of the mechanism of methanol toxicity with respect to the ocular lesions observed in man.
DETERMINATION OF HEALTHY LIFESTYLE BEHAVIORS OF STUDENTS WHO STUDY AT SPORTS HIGH SCHOOL

The aim of this study is to determine the healthy lifestyle behaviors of the students who study at Nigde Sports High School. The students who study in Nigde Sports High School during 2016-2017 academic year constitute the universe of the research and 138 students who read the research sample in Nigde Sports High School during 2016-2017 academic year and accepted to participate in the research. As a means of collecting data, two part survey technique was used. In the first part of the questionnaire, there are statements to determine the personal characteristics (sex, age) of the students. In the second part, "Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Scale II" is used to evaluate healthy lifestyle behaviors of students. The Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Scale II subscale scores of the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Student subscale were X = 21,17 ± 5,27, the physical activity subscale score was X = 20,02 ± 5,14, the nutrition subscale score was X = 20,57 ± 4 , 43, spiritual development subscale score X = 27,15 ± 4,93, interpersonal subscale score X = 26,43 ± 4,45, stress management subscale score X = 21,10 ± 4,48, and overall scale the total score was calculated as X = 136.47 ± 22.44. No significant difference was found between the gender and age of students and Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Scale II scores. Article visualizations:
Chronic Stress and Ovarian Function in Female Childhood Cancer Survivors

Objectives To explore the relationships among perceived stress, biomarkers of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity, gonadotropin levels, and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in female childhood cancer survivors (CCSs). Sample & setting 24 female CCSs from the Royal Hospital for Sick Children in Edinburgh, Scotland, were included in the study. Methods & variables Perceived stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale. HPA activity was measured using salivary cortisol and hair cortisol. Ovarian function was measured using serum gonadotropin levels and serum AMH levels. Latent growth curve modeling was used to determine diurnal cortisol slope and intercept. Bayesian structural equation modeling was used to explore the relationship among perceived stress, biomarkers of HPA activity, and ovarian function. Results The authors found an inverse association between perceived stress and ovarian function and a positive association between biomarkers of HPA activity and ovarian function. Implications for nursing Further research is needed to understand factors contributing to risk for post-treatment reproductive dysfunction in female CCSs.
A 1,3-Strain Enabled Retention of Chirality During Bis-Cyclization of β-Ketoamides: Total Synthesis of (-)-Salinosporamide A and (-)-Homosalinosporamide A.

(-)-Salinosporamide A (IVa) and (-)-homosalinosporamide A (IVb) are prepared via a diastereoselective bis-cyclization of β-keto tertiary amide of type (II) as key step.
CAR T-Cell Therapy: Clinical Outcomes, Patient Selection and Financial Metrics with Tisagenlecleucel and Axicabtagene Ciloleucel, a Single Center Experience

Background Axicabtagene ciloleucel (A) and Tisagenlecleucel (T) are FDA approved CAR T cell products that have changed treatment (tx) for patients (pts) w/ relapsed/refractory lymphoma. The high tx cost has implications in selection of pts for CAR T and data comparing these txs at a single institution is lacking. Here we report data for pts treated w/ A and T at OSUCCC. Methods 63 pts were included. 45 received A (1 under Expanded Access Protocol (EAP) for out of specification product) from 1/18-6/19 and 18 received T (8 pts under EAP) from 7/18-5/19. Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to compare A and T pts, and Kaplan-Meier was used to estimate overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results Pt differences, adverse events and tx characteristics are reported in Table 1. There were no differences in creatinine, ECOG, CRP nor most disease (dx) characteristics including dx type, primary refractory dx, marrow dx, history of auto, response prior to tx, and prior lines of tx. Dx stage was different (p=.03) with more A pts having stage III dx than T pts (47% vs. 17%) but less A pts having stage IV dx (44% vs. 61%). A pts had a lower number of double expressors (27% vs. 78%, p Conclusion Clinical outcomes (PFS & OS) were comparable between A and T. We observed a higher incidence of CRS and NT with A, similar to what was observed in clinical trials. Higher hospitalization cost and LOS was associated with A. Our conclusions are limited by small sample size and the retrospective nature of the study.