cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surface Energy Anisotropy of SrTiO3 at 1400°C in Air

Geometric and crystallographic measurements of grain-boundary thermal grooves and surface faceting behavior as a function of orientation have been used to determine the surface energy anisotropy of SrTiO3 at 1400°C in air. Under these conditions, thermal grooves are formed by surface diffusion. The surface energy anisotropy was determined using the capillarity vector reconstruction method under the assumption that Herring's local equilibrium condition holds at the groove root. The results indicate that the (100) surface has the minimum energy. For surfaces inclined between 0° and 30° from (100), the energy increases with the inclination angle. Orientations inclined by more than 30° from (100) are all about 10% higher in energy and, within experimental uncertainty, energetically equivalent. A procedure for estimating the uncertainties in the reconstructed energies is also introduced. Taken together, the orientation dependence of the surface-facet formation and the measured energy anisotropy lead to the conclusion that the equilibrium crystal shape is dominated by {100}, but also includes {110} and {111} facets. Complex planes within about 15° of {100} and 5° of {110} are also part of the equilibrium shape.
Determining the Corn Replacement Value of Wet Brewers Grain for Feedlot Heifers

Abstract Two hundred heifers (287.8 + 34.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments containing either 0, 15, 30, or 45% wet brewers grains (WBG) on a DM basis. The control diet consisted of 15% corn silage, 75% whole high-moisture corn, and 10% soybean meal-based supplement on a DM basis. Two full weights were averaged at the initiation of the trial and carcass-adjusted BW was used to determine the final BW. Heifers were pen-fed (5 pens per treatment, 10 head per pen) for 160 d. Adjusted final BW, and G:F were not significantly different among dietary treatments. Dry matter intake, ADG, and final BW were quadratic (P
Is in-stream N2 fixation an important N source for benthic communities and stream ecosystems?

AbstractWe evaluate the current state of knowledge concerning the ecosystem- and community-level importance of N2 fixation in streams. We reviewed the literature reporting N2-fixation contributions to stream N budgets and compared in-stream N2-fixation rates to denitrification and dissolved inorganic N (DIN)-uptake rates. In-stream N2 fixation rarely contributed >5% of the annual N input in N budgets that explicitly measured N2 fixation, but could contribute higher proportions when considered over daily or seasonal time scales. N2-fixation rates were statistically indistinguishable from denitrification and DIN-uptake rates from the same stream reach. However, published N2-fixation rates compiled from a wide variety of streams were significantly lower than denitrification or DIN-uptake rates, which were indistinguishable from one another. The data set we compiled might be biased because the number of published N2-fixation measurements is small (9 studies reporting rates in 22 streams), the range of stream ...
Signal Cancellation Technique for Testing High-end Digital-to-Analog Converters

Constant improvement in converter performance results in requirement of higher precision instrument at increasing sampling speed. Therefore, building digitizer directly using existing cutting edge ADC technology will not satisfy current and future DAC testing needs. Development of new test techniques could help to fill this technology gap. This paper explores signal cancellation technique and proposes a robust algorithm to optimize signal cancellation.
Protonic Equilibria in the Reductive Half-Reaction of the Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase †

Oxidation of thioester substrates in the medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase involves α-proton abstraction by the catalytic base, Glu376, with transfer of a β-hydride equivalent to the flavin prosthetic group. Polarization of bound acyl-CoA derivatives by the recombinant human liver enzyme has been studied with 4-thia-trans-2-enoyl-CoA analogues. Polarization is maximal at low pH, with an apparent pK of 9.2 for complexes with the C8 analogue, and progressively lower pK values as the length of the chain increases. This pH effect reflects ionization of the catalytic base, since polarization of a variety of enoyl-CoA analogues by the Glu376Gln mutant is pH independent. Binding of these ligands is accompanied by uptake of about 1 proton with the wild-type enzyme, but only about 0.1 proton with the Glu376Gln mutant. Rapid reaction studies show that proton uptake with the wild-type enzyme occurs at the same rate as polarization of the enoyl-CoA thioester, but is much slower than the initial ligand binding step....
Prognostic Factors and Outcomes of Adults With Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

Abstract Objective To describe the prognostic factors and outcomes of adults with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a rare disorder caused by pathologic activation of the immune system. Patients and Methods The study population consisted of a consecutive cohort of adult (age ≥18 years) patients treated at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, from January 1, 1996, through December 31, 2011, in whom a diagnosis of HLH was suspected and subsequently confirmed by retrospective review using the HLH-04 diagnostic criteria. Results Of 250 adult patients suspected of having HLH, 62 met the HLH-04 diagnostic criteria and were included in the final analysis. The median age was 49 years (range, 18-87 years), and 42 (68%) were male. The underlying cause of HLH was malignant tumor in 32 patients (52%), infection in 21 patients (34%), autoimmune disorder in 5 patients (8%), and idiopathic disease in 4 patients (6%). After a median follow-up of 42 months, 41 patients (66%) had died. The median overall survival of the entire cohort was 2.1 months. The median overall survival of patients with tumor–associated HLH was 1.4 months compared with 22.8 months for patients with non-tumor–associated HLH ( P =.01). The presence of a malignant tumor and hypoalbuminemia were significant predictors of inferior survival on multivariate analysis. Conclusion In this large series of adults with secondary HLH treated at a single tertiary care center, patients with low serum albumin levels and tumor–associated HLH had a markedly worse survival. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis remains elusive and challenging to clinicians who must maintain a high index of suspicion. The recent discovery of several novel diagnostic and therapeutic modalities may improve outcomes of adult patients with HLH.
CellProfiler Tracer: exploring and validating high-throughput, time-lapse microscopy image data

Time-lapse analysis of cellular images is an important and growing need in biology. Algorithms for cell tracking are widely available; what researchers have been missing is a single open-source software package to visualize standard tracking output (from software like CellProfiler) in a way that allows convenient assessment of track quality, especially for researchers tuning tracking parameters for high-content time-lapse experiments. This makes quality assessment and algorithm adjustment a substantial challenge, particularly when dealing with hundreds of time-lapse movies collected in a high-throughput manner. We present CellProfiler Tracer, a free and open-source tool that complements the object tracking functionality of the CellProfiler biological image analysis package. Tracer allows multi-parametric morphological data to be visualized on object tracks, providing visualizations that have already been validated within the scientific community for time-lapse experiments, and combining them with simple graph-based measures for highlighting possible tracking artifacts. CellProfiler Tracer is a useful, free tool for inspection and quality control of object tracking data, available from http://www.cellprofiler.org/tracer/ .
Time-resolved mechanism of extracellular gate opening and substrate binding in a glutamate transporter.

Glutamate transporters, also referred to as excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs), are membrane proteins that regulate glutamatergic signal transmission by clearing excess glutamate after its release at synapses. A structure-based understanding of their molecular mechanisms of function has been elusive until the recent determination of the x-ray structure of an archaeal transporter, GltPh. GltPh exists as a trimer, with each subunit containing a core region that mediates substrate translocation. In the present study a series of molecular dynamics simulations have been conducted and analyzed in light of new experimental data on substrate binding properties of EAATs. The simulations provide for the first time a full atomic description of the time-resolved events that drive the recognition and binding of substrate. The core region of each subunit exhibits an intrinsic tendency to open the helical hairpin HP2 loop, the extracellular gate, within tens of nanoseconds exposing conserved polar residues that serve as attractors for substrate binding. The NMDGT motif on the partially unwound part of the transmembrane helix TM7 and the residues Asp-390 and Asp-394 on TM8 are also distinguished by their important role in substrate binding and close interaction with mediating water molecules and/or sodium ions. The simulations reveal a Na+ binding site comprised in part of Leu-303 on TM7 and Asp-405 on TM8 and support a role for sodium ions in stabilizing substrate-bound conformers. The functional importance of Leu-303 or its counterpart Leu-391 in human EAAT1 (hEAAT1) is confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis and Na+ dependence assays conducted with hEAAT1 mutants L391C and L391A.
Isolated thoracic syrinx in children with Chiari I malformation

Syrinx has been reported in 25–85 % of children with Chiari malformation type I (CMI), and it is most commonly cervical in location. As a result, cervical MRI is routinely included in an evaluation for CMI. Isolated thoracic syrinx without involvement of the cervical cord in this population is uncommon but clinically important because its presence may influence the decision to operate, surgical techniques employed, or interpretation of follow-up imaging. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of isolated thoracic syrinx in a large group of children evaluated for CMI. We retrospectively reviewed all patients under 21 years of age who were evaluated for CMI at Columbia University/Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital of New York from 1998 to 2013. All patients underwent MRI of the entire spine as part of the CMI evaluation, regardless of whether surgery was planned. The proportion of patients exhibiting isolated thoracic syrinx was determined. Presenting signs, symptoms, and imaging findings were then studied in an attempt to identify any clinical features associated with isolated thoracic syrinx. We identified 266 patients evaluated over the study period. One-hundred thirty-two patients (50 %) presented with a syrinx, and 12 patients (4.5 % of all patients evaluated and 9.1 % of all patients with a syrinx) had an isolated thoracic syrinx. Demographic variables, clinical presentation, and extent of tonsillar ectopia showed great heterogeneity in this group, and no factor was consistently associated with isolated thoracic syrinx. Isolated thoracic syrinx is an uncommon but clinically significant finding in children with CMI. Our data demonstrate that the presence of a CMI-related thoracic syrinx cannot be reliably predicted clinically and is therefore likely to be missed in patients who do not undergo complete spinal cord imaging. MRI of the entire spinal cord should be considered for all children undergoing initial evaluation for CMI.
Type IV Glycogen Storage Disease

A male infant presented with massive hepatomegaly. There was no history of jaundice, fever, weight loss, blood in stool, or acholic stool. He was born at full term without any complications, and the newborn screening test results were normal. The maternal perinatal history was unremarkable for infections, previous blood transfusion, or intravenous drug use. Family history was negative for jaundice, early infantile death, neurodegenerative disorder, or a1-antitrypsin deficiency. Physical examination revealed normal growth and vital signs, no icterus, lymphadenopathy, ascites, splenomegaly, or other systemic abnormal findings. Firm, nontender hepatomegaly was noted 8 cm below the right costal margin. Laboratory results included a total bilirubin level of 0.5 mg/ dL (9 mmol/L); aspartate aminotransferase, 956 U/L (reference range, 0–50 U/L); alanine aminotransferase, 287 U/L (reference range, 0–45U/L); g-glutamyltransferase, 216 U/L (reference range, 5–32 U/L); and alkaline phosphatase, 321 U/L (reference range, 170–580 U/L). Urine was negative for reducing substances. Results for complete blood count, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, total protein, albumin, serum ferritin, cholesterol, and lactate dehydrogenase were all within normal limits. The hepatitis antibody panel (hepatitis B and C, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus) was negative. A percutaneous needle biopsy of the liver showed loss of normal hepatic architecture, bridging fibrosis, and micronodule formation that was confirmed by trichrome stain. Many scattered hepatocytes showed glassy refractile cytoplasmic inclusions (Figure, A), which stained positively with periodic acid–Schiff (Figure, B) and were generally sensitive to diastase digestion. These inclusions appeared light blue with Alcian blue stain and showed coarsely clumped staining with colloidal iron stain (Figure, C). An ultrastructural evaluation of formalin-fixed tissue showed hepatocytes filled with rarefied fibrillar material interspersed with microfoci of normal glycogen (Figure, D). A diagnosis of glycogen storage disease, type IV, was rendered. Type IV glycogen storage disease (type IV GSD), also known as Andersen disease or amylopectinosis, is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder caused by the deficiency of
A perspective on clean power and the future of US energy politics and policy

United States energy policy is undergoing a historic transformation. For the first time, the federal government has taken the lead in aligning energy and environmental regulation. The Environmental Protection Agency has asserted itself under the auspices of an administrative rule known as the Clean Power Plan (CPP) that specifically targets electric utilities, most notably coal-fired utilities, for the express purpose of reducing carbon emissions. The CPP requires states, either individually or through multi-state arrangements, to submit compliance plans in either 2016 or 2018 if an extension is granted. The EPA has suggested three principal “building blocks” for formulating state compliance plans. In the wake of this new regulatory landscape, this paper describes the CPP, identifies the specific challenges facing the electric industry, and provides potential responses to those challenges. The paper concludes that the Clean Power Plan provides the necessary context for the US transition to a clean energy future.
Growth in Housing Prices and Long-Term Abnormal Stock Returns

A firm’s long-term stock returns are negatively related to past growth in housing prices in the state where the firm is located. The housing price effect is persistent over time and robust to controlling for common risk factors, the long-term stock return reversal effect, changes in mortgage interest rates across the states, cyclicality in housing prices, and overall local economic conditions. The study discusses potential explanations for, and the implications of, the cross-regional housing price effect.
Mars CO2 Powered ISRU Propulsion System

*+ + # Mars atmosphere is made up mostly of carbon dioxide (more than 95% by volume), and its average ambient surface temperature of 210 K, coupled with large diurnal temperature swings can facilitate the formation of dry ice during the night. Because of its low critical temperature, frozen carbon dioxide (dry ice) can be heated at constant volume to modest temperatures on the order of 400 K to produce a supercritical fluid for use as an in situ rocket propellant. Building from previous undergraduate engineering capstone design projects, this paper has investigated the blow down propulsive behavior using a 1 mm diameter sonic nozzle, supplied with less than 1 kg of supercritical carbon dioxide fluid as propellant. The tests showed that these systems can produce specific impulse levels in excess of 100 seconds for very short duration, and that heating by a small sol ar array could yield useful thrust enhancements for longer durations, but the effect depends on the energy added per unit mass of propellant. In addition, supersonic nozzles have been designed using the method of characteristics for this non -ideal gas fluid in order to further explore the behavior of this unconventional rocket propellant.
Valais-goat color pattern in a masked shrew (Sorex cinereus) and lack of size dependence in pigmentation patterns

Partially albinistic Sorex cinereus shows the Valais-goat coat color, a simple, conspicuous reaction diffusion anomaly formerly theorized unlikely in small mammals. This pattern in a shrew and similar patterns call to question size-dependence in pattern formation.
Abstract B46: The effect of sulforaphane on protein expression in benign prostatic hyperplasia tissue

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition that occurs in over 25% of men aged 50+, increasing to 50% amongst those over 80. Although the etiology of the condition has not been ascertained, the majority of BPH specimens contain inflammatory infiltrates indicating inflammation plays an important role in the progression of the disease. Furthermore, a role for inflammation has also been suggested in prostate cancer (PCa). BPH is not a pre-cursor of PCa but using BPH as a model of inflammation could result in findings that may apply and add to our understanding of PCa. Previous work has demonstrated that the consumption of broccoli can alter inflammatory pathways in the human prostate, and this may be due to the action of the isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SF), a phytochemical derived from broccoli. This dietary compound has a range of biological activities, including reducing inflammation. Hypothesis: Sulforaphane reduces inflammatory pathways and beneficially alters protein expression in BPH tissue. Methods: We obtained and cultured human BPH tissue for 24 hours with or without 10µM SF and collected tissue and media for further analysis using two distinct approaches. Firstly, in a targeted approach, known inflammatory markers were measured in the media of five tissue samples by commercially available ELISA. Secondly, a global proteomic analysis was carried out to give an unbiased view of the effect of SF on the protein expression within the tissue. Initially, protein was extracted from the tissue of three individuals, run on 2D gels and spots of interest excised from the gel and in-gel trypsin digested. The resulting peptides were analyzed on an LTQ-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer and the proteins identified by Mascot. Selected proteins were then further quantified in additional tissue samples. Results: Analysis of the effect of SF on inflammatory markers revealed that SF significantly reduced levels of secreted IL-6 and to a lesser extent IL-8 and FGF-2. Global proteomic analysis demonstrated that there was, as expected, considerable variation between individuals, and that SF altered expression of several proteins in BPH tissue. Reduction of GRP94, an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein observed in one individual, was further verified in independent BPH samples. Initial immunohistochemistry in sections of BPH tissue suggests that SF reduces the nuclear localization of this protein. Further experiments are currently ongoing to investigate these effects in more individuals and also to look at the biological consequences. Conclusion: Natural variation present within humans highlights the need to use a larger number of samples in order to understand the complex effects of SF on prostate tissue. The results suggest that SF can reduce inflammatory markers and alter proteins within the human prostate indicating a possible protective role for SF in pathogenesis of the prostate. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(12 Suppl):B46.
Layering diagnosis and treatment for 26 cases of children with malignant tumorinvasive aspergillosis and hematological diseases

OBJECTIVE To study the clinical characterization,the layering diagnosis and treatment about invasive aspergillosis in the children hematological diseases and malignant tumor.METHODS A total of 26 children with invasive aspergillosis were analyzed.The patients with dangerous factor would carry on complete first,experience and aiming at treatment.To carry on date processing by SPSS 10.0 statistics software.RESULTS There were 26 cases for the invasive aspergillosis.5 cases among them were diagnosed.The others were probable and possible.9 cases were dead and 17 cases were survival,The WUVH was adopted for the first time in children in China.The score was over 15.The 26 cases had no characteristic.The positive rates of Halo sign and air-crescent sing were 23.08% and 29.62%,respectively,GM of 22 cases were positive.Survival rate of voriconazole group was 91.67%.Survival rate of fluconazole +AmB group was only 50.00%.CONCLUSIONS Identifing the people with dangerous factor in early as possible,such as host,clinical characterization,microbiology and organization pathology be advantageous to diagnose.The layering diagnosis and treatment can benefits the patients.The choice of reasonable medicine is effectively to reduce the mortality.
A superantigen hypothesis for the pathogenesis of chronic hyperplastic sinusitis with massive nasal polyposis.

BackgroundThe pathogenesis of chronic hyperplastic sinusitis with massive nasal polyposis is still an enigma; however, the molecular biology of this disease is beginning to become unraveled and the...
A Long View of V 2

In tracking down references to the V-2 rocket in the London Times for the period corresponding with the first book Gravity's Rainbow, I came across a number of interesting items, such as: the official appearance of Duncan Sandys at the opening of a flying bomb exhibition (Nov. 1, p. 2, col. 2); a condensed version of an announcement from the German High Command which was the first public mention of the V-2 rockets, citing rocket strikes in London, the British Government's silence about this new weapon, the destruction of the Euston station, and "'extremely heavy damage to blocks of houses and traffic installations [in the London district] IN (Nov. 9, p. 4, col. 4)--this last echoes the opening nightmare of GR (pp. 3-4); the transcript of Churchill's speech before Parliament concerning the rocket attack on Britain, in which we read the statement that the rocket "outstrips sound" (Nov. 11, p. 2, col. 1); a report of a rocket falling back on its launch site (Nov. 29, p. 2, col. 4); numerous reports of the English Spitfires which attacked the launch sites--"Spitfires come roaring in low over the dark sea at suppertime" (GR, p. 96); and finally, a technical article on the rocket's operation (Dec. 9, p. 2, col. 3 and p. 10, an illustration).
Informal Human Milk Sharing A Qualitative Exploration of the Attitudes and Experiences of Mothers

Background:Little is known about women’s participation or likely participation in informal human milk (HM) sharing. The US Food and Drug Administration recommends against feeding infants shared HM acquired directly from individuals or through the Internet.Objective:This study explored the experiences of and attitudes toward HM sharing among mothers with experience of HM feeding and breast pump use, regardless of whether or not they had participated in HM sharing.Methods:We conducted qualitative, semistructured, in-depth interviews with 41 mothers from 4 counties in upstate New York, asking about their attitudes toward HM sharing. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed inductively.Results:Most women were aware of informal HM sharing and some had personal experience with sharing. Many mothers reported a willingness to provide their own HM if they had extra and their own child had enough. Mothers were less trusting about receiving HM, voicing concerns about the dietary intake or disease status of potential...
Genetic Aspects of Phenazine Antibiotic Production by Fluorescent Pseudomonads That Suppress Take-All Disease of Wheat

Microorganisms isolated from the rhizosphere of plants have potential value as supplements or alternatives to disease controls of soilborne pathogens that rely on chemical pesticides and cultural practices. Our research has focused on the use of fluorescent pseudomonads for biological control of take-all of wheat, caused by the fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt), and the mechanisms responsible for suppression.
Brain Damage in the Aminoacidurias

A large number of genetic disorders of amino acid metabolism are coupled with neurologic symptoms, most commonly mental retardation. In many of these conditions, notably phenylketonuria and maple syrup disease, the enzyme implicated is normally absent from brain; neurologic symptoms are therefore produced indirectly, most likely the result of postnatal brain development taking place in an environment having a markedly distorted amino acid content. Excess tissue levels of a given amino acid may inhibit transport of other amino acids into the brain and their utilization for protein synthesis.(1–6) Cellular respiration,(7,8) synthesis of neurotransmitter substances(9–13) myelination,(14,15) and replication16 may also be affected. The possibility that under some circumstances amino acids may by themselves serve as neurotransmitters17 implies that deranged tissue levels may profoundly affect the function of the neuronal network.
Ion-momentum imaging of dissociative attachment of electrons to molecules

Author(s): Slaughter, DS; Belkacem, A; McCurdy, CW; Rescigno, TN; Haxton, DJ | Abstract: We present an overview of experiments and theory relevant to dissociative electron attachment studied by momentum imaging. We describe several key examples of characteristic transient anion dynamics in the form of small polyatomic electron-molecule systems. In each of these examples the so-called axial recoil approximation is found to break down due to correlation of the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom of the transient anion. Guided by anion fragment momentum measurements and predictions of the electron scattering attachment probability in the molecular frame, we demonstrate that accurate predictions of the dissociation dynamics can be achieved without a detailed investigation of the surface topology of the relevant electronic states or the fragment trajectories on those surfaces.
Privilege and Allyship in Nonprofit Food Justice Organizations

Nonprofit urban agriculture organizations are a key component of the food justice movement in U.S. cities. As the movement grows, an increasing number of allies will perform community food work and take leadership roles in nonprofit food justice organizations. One key to the ongoing growth and success of the movement is how allies transform their privilege into empowerment at an organizational scale. This commentary provides insight on how certain organizational policies and practice can lead to better allyship. See the press release for this article.
Student-Centered, Open Learning Environments: Research, Theory, and Practice

New learning environment designs and frameworks have emerged that are consistent with constructivist-inspired views of learning. Collectively, student-centered, open learning ­environments provide contexts wherein the individual determines learning goals, learning means, or both the learning goals and means. The individual may also establish and pursue individual learning goals with few or no external boundaries as typical during spontaneous, self-initiated learning from the Web. The approaches represent fundamentally different learning and design paradigms and philosophies. However, student or self-directed learning has been criticized for lacking compelling evidence to document effectiveness. As new models emerge and technologies develop, we need to both document evidence that supports and challenges student-centered approaches and refine our approaches to designing effective environments. This chapter provides an overview and critical analysis of student-centered learning, and proposes directions for advancing needed research, theory, and practice.
Optogenetic Dissection of STIM1 Conformational Switch and Oligomerization

Store-operated calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channel constitutes a major route for calcium influx in many cell types. To study the impact of calcium signals on specific cellular functions, several approaches based on pharmacological tools or photoactivatable ‘caged' compounds have been developed to manipulate intracellular calcium concentrations, but they often lack rapid reversibility and spatial precision. The recently developed optogenetic tools provide exciting opportunities to remotely and reversibly modulate cell signaling at superior temporal and spatial resolution.
The potential role of two LEAFY orthologs in the chasmogamous/cleistogamous mixed breeding system of Viola pubescens (Violaceae)1

Abstract Many plants, including most species in Viola, produce both open, outcrossing chasmogamous and closed, self-pollinating cleistogamous flowers. The chasmogamous/cleistogamous mixed breeding system is considered an evolutionarily successful reproductive strategy, but the underlying molecular basis remains largely unknown. The LEAFY (LFY) gene in Arabidopsis is responsible for the initiation of floral meristems and the regulation of flower development; therefore, we sought to identify LFY orthologs in Viola pubescens Aiton with the goal of understanding possible differences in the regulatory genetics of flower development and the molecular genetics underlying chasmogamous/cleistogamous mixed breeding systems. A genomic library of V. pubescens was constructed to identify LFY orthologs, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was employed to study gene expression in both flower types. In addition, overexpression studies of the orthologs were carried out in Arabidopsis to explore their role ...
Describing Paintings in the Old-Age Style

Artists with an old-age style were identified with some certainty (Chapter 12), thereby answering the identification question, the first of the two issues basic to subsequent inquiries into this phenomenon of late-life creativity (Chapter 11). The second crucial question is describing works done in the old-age style, which is also another way of identifying artists whose paintings show this sign of late-life creativity.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus kochii Oregon-R-modENCODE Strain BDGP4, Isolated from Drosophila melanogaster Gut.

Bacillus kochii Oregon-R-modENCODE strain BDGP4 was isolated from the gut of Drosophila melanogaster for functional host microbial interaction studies. The complete genome comprised a single chromosomal circle of 4,557,232 bp with a G+C content of 37% and a single plasmid of 137,143 bp.
Neuronal Calcium Recording with an Engineered TEV Protease

Technologies for measuring the transient Ca2+ spikes that accompany neural signaling have revolutionized our understanding of the brain. Nevertheless, microscopic visualization of Ca2+ spikes on the time scale of neural activity across large brain regions or in thick specimens remains a significant challenge. The recent development of stable integrators of Ca2+, instead of transient reporters, provides an avenue to investigate neural signaling in otherwise challenging systems. Here, we describe an engineered Ca2+-sensing enzyme consisting of a split Tobacco Etch Virus (TEV) protease with each half tethered to a calmodulin or M13 Ca2+ binding domain. This Split TEV, Ca2+ Activated Neuron Recorder (SCANR) remains separate and catalytically incompetent until a spike in cellular Ca2+ triggers its reconstitution and the subsequent turnover of a caged, genetically encoded reporter substrate. We report the identification of a successful Ca2+-sensing split TEV from a library of chimeras and deployment of the enzy...
Electronic Tools for Cognitive Support During Resident Handoffs: State of the Practice and Future Directions

In the years following reduced resident work hours, single resident accountability for patient care has disappeared and replaced by frequent care transitions and shared responsibility between residents as the necessary paradigm for delivery of care in acute care settings. With this change, there has been increasing patient acuity and complexity as well as increased cognitive demands for clinicians, potential for miscommunication at care transitions, and preventable errors. Importantly, forgetting to transmit needed information during handoffs is a major contribution to overall suboptimal care processes including: delays in diagnosis and treatment, task omissions, work redundancies and near misses. To address these quality and safety problems, electronic tools embedded in the electronic health record are beginning to emerge. These tools when designed to provide cognitive support for intradisciplinary sharing of care can play a role in reducing information overload, miscommunication, and omission of patient care tasks. Less common are electronic tools that are designed for interdisciplinary information sharing. These interdisciplinary tools have greater potential for decreasing system inefficiencies and improving the overall quality of care delivery than intra-disciplinary tools. This presentation will provide an overview of existing electronic handoff tools and the design implications for future tools.
Gynecologic cancers: molecular updates.

Abstract This article reviews the molecular features and pathogenesis of gynecologic malignancies. Understanding the molecular basis of endometrial carcinoma helps to provide an explanation for the prognosis of these tumors and opens up avenues for research into novel therapies that may prove beneficial.
Colorimetric measurement of dermatan sulphate

The periodate–Schiff reaction has been adapted for the measurement of dermatan sulphate. The method is specific for this glycosaminoglycan, provided that glycogen and glycoproteins are removed. Measurements of dermatan sulphate present in the urine of patients affected by various mucopolysaccharidoses indicate a good agreement between the values obtained with enzymic methods and those obtained with the colorimetric method described.
Importance of creep and ASR gel diffusion in predicting ASR induced expansion

The paper reviews development of a diffusion-based and creep-based model for calculating the evolution of expansion and damage induced by alkali-silica reaction (ASR). First, the model of Bazant and Steffens (2000) is adopted to calculate the rate of production of the ASR gel within the aggregate. Next, a non-linear diffusion according to Rahimi-Aghdam and Bazant (2017) is presented to model the penetration of ASR gel into the micropores, nanopores and microcracks. The gel diffusion into pores of the aggregate causes expansion and damage to the surrounding concrete, and is found to be an important modeling aspect. The damage is assessed by microplane model M7, into which the creep is incorporated. The creep is found to have a significant influence on the long-term evolution of ASR-induced damage. The predictions are in good agreements with the laboratory experiments and the model appears to be ready to predict the ASR effects in real structures.© 2018 Asociacion Espanola de Ingenieria Estructural (ACHE). Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
Eckhartian Mysticism as Scholastic Humanism

This essay seeks to propose a new way of looking at the so-called mysticism of Meister Eckhart as a ‘scholastic humanism’ Eckhart's thought is “humanist” in the sense that it argues that all truth ...
Bridging advertising practitioner theories and academic theories on how to communicate effectively with men and women

The purpose of this paper is to understand advertising practitioners’ theories on how to communicate effectively with men and women via advertising. Further, comparisons are made between practitioners’ theories and academic research.,Qualitative interviews were conducted with 39 US advertising practitioners.,Many professionals believed women preferred other-oriented messages, while men preferred self-oriented messages. They believed women were comprehensive processors, while men were less engaged with advertising messages. They believe men preferred slapstick humor and factual messages, while women preferred emotional appeals.,Comparisons between practitioners’ perspectives and the academic research reveal that practitioners’ theories often correspond to academic theories and empirical data. Relationships with the selectivity hypothesis are explored in depth. Suggestions are made to extend existing theory to test practitioners’ theories.,This study helps to bridge the academician-practitioner gap, which helps academics understand practitioners, communicate with them and develop shared knowledge.,This study fills a research gap in understanding practitioners’ theories of how to communicate with men and women. A key contribution of the research is a comparison of practitioner theories with academic research to note points of agreement and disagreement, bridge the gap and offer suggestions for future research.
Primary sequence and biological functions of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae O6-methylguanine/O4-methylthymine DNA repair methyltransferase gene.

We previously identified and characterized biochemically an O6-methylguanine (O6MeG) DNA repair methyltransferase (MTase) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and showed that it recognizes both O6MeG and O4-methylthymine (O4MeT) in vitro. Here we characterize the cloned S. cerevisiae O6MeG DNA MTase gene (MGT1) and determine its in vivo role in protecting yeast from DNA alkylation damage. We isolated a yeast DNA fragment that suppressed alkylation-induced killing and mutation in Escherichia coli ada ogt MTase deficient mutants and produced in these cells a protein similar to the yeast MTase. The cloned yeast fragment was mapped to chromosome IV and DNA sequencing identified an open reading frame, designated MGT1, which encodes a 188 amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 21,500 daltons. An 88 amino acid stretch of the MGT1 protein displays remarkable homology with four bacterial MTases and the human DNA MTase. S.cerevisiae mutants bearing an insertion in the MGT1 gene lacked DNA MTase activity and were very sensitive to alkylation induced killing and mutation. MGT1 transcript levels are not increased in response to DNA alkylation damage, nor is the MGT1 MTase involved in the regulation of the yeast 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase gene (MAG). Expression of the MGT1 gene in E.coli prevented the induction by alkylating agents of both G:C to A:T and A:T to G:C transition mutations indicating that this eukaryotic MTase repairs both O6MeG and O4MeT in vivo.
Medicinal inorganic chemistry: New perspectives and targets for the periodic table

Abstract Platinum-based anticancer drugs have had an unprecedented effect on cancer chemotherapy since the FDA approval of cisplatin in 1978. In this chapter I summarize recent new directions and results from my laboratory and our collaborators on polynuclear platinum complexes (PPCs), a discrete class of anticancer drugs. First, the biological activity of highly-charged substitution-inert complexes (SI-PPCs) will be reviewed with emphasis on their unique mode of DNA recognition through the phosphate clamp—distinct from canonical DNA-ligand binding through intercalation and minor-groove binding. Besides the molecular details of the DNA/RNA recognition, the PPCs are distinguished from intercalators and minor-groove binders by their very high efficiency in condensing DNA, even in cells. Second, evidence for membrane interactions, and especially those of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), will be summarized leading to the clear confirmation that the PPC class must be considered an intrinsically dual-function agent, whose biological activity must be seen as the sum of its target interactions, with significant implications for approaches to personalized medicine for platinums. Especially, a systematic molecular approach to inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and invasion is suggested by consideration of GAGs as target for platinum agents. Finally, the role of metal ions in the function of the extracellular matrix will be discussed and molecular approaches to understanding of endogenous metal ion affinity will be illustrated using Mn2 + as an example.
Influence of speaker age on perceptual cue distribution

Abstract Twenty adult listeners were presented with electronically gated segments from nine voiceless stop + vowel syllables spoken by a 4•2-year-old child and by an adult. Listener recognition of syllabic and sub-syllabic segments for both the child and adult-speaker tasks reveal patterns of relative perceptual cue distribution similar to previous data reported by LaRiviere et al. (1975). Recognition percentages were consistently lower across all gating conditions in the child-speaker task. Implications regarding maturational influences on encoding and coarticulatory behavior are discussed.
Trajectory Generation for Noise-Constrained Autonomous Flight Operations

One of the major factors in acceptance of aircraft operating in urban areas is noise. In this work, we build on a framework for trajectory generation in order to account for limits on acousticmetrics at one ormore observer locations. The spatial trajectories are generated using Bezier polynomials and satisfy dynamic, acoustic, and mission constraints. The trajectories also guarantee spatial or temporal separation between vehicles for multi-vehicle operations. A simulation example is provided that demonstrates the reduction in noise levels at a set of measurement locations.
Psicología comunitaria y políticas sociales: Tensiones en el quehacer de los psicologos comunitarios chilenos

espanolDesde la decada del 90 en Chile, las intervenciones en Psicologia Comunitaria se han desarrollado principalmente dentro del marco simbolico, teorico y de recursos de las politicas sociales (Alfaro, 2012). Esta relacion se ha caracterizado por una tension entre los modelos de politicas publicas neoliberales y las dimensiones etico-politicas de la Psicologia Comunitaria. En esta investigacion se analiza el contenido de los relatos que construyen profesionales que trabajan en programas de politicas sociales en Chile, sobre las tensiones que se producen entre su quehacer, las politicas sociales y los principios de la Psicologia Comunitaria. Se entrevista a diez psicologos-as comunitarias-os, que tienen entre 2 a 26 anos de experiencia trabajando en instituciones que ejecutan politicas sociales. Se reporta que la tension en el quehacer profesional en la politica publica se expresa en el grado de autonomia que otorgan los espacios de trabajo, la disputa profesional de su quehacer en la politica publica y las consecuencias personales producto de las tensiones profesionales en sus espacios laborales EnglishSince the 1990s in Chile, interventions in community psychology have been developed mainly within the symbolic, theoretical and resources framework of social policies (Alfaro, 2012). This relationship has been characterized by a tension between neoliberal public policy models and the ethical-political dimensions of Community Psychology. This research analyzes the content of the stories that professionals who work in social policy programs in Chile build about the tensions that arise between their work, social policies and the principles of Community Psychology. We interviewed ten community psychologists, who have between 2 and 26 years of experience working in institutions that execute social policies. It is reported that the tension in professional work in public policy is expressed in the degree of autonomy granted by the work spaces, the professional dispute of their work in public policy and the personal consequences of professional tensions
Outcomes after pneumonectomy versus limited lung resection in adults with traumatic lung injury

Pneumonectomy after traumatic lung injury (TLI) is associated with shock, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, and eventual right ventricular failure. Historically, trauma pneumonectomy (TP) mortality rates ranged between 53 and 100%. It is unclear if contemporary mortality rates have improved. Therefore, we evaluated outcomes associated with TP and limited lung resections (LLR) (i.e., lobectomy and segmentectomy) and aimed to identify predictors of mortality, hypothesizing that TP is associated with greater mortality versus LLR. We queried the Trauma Quality Improvement Program (2010-2016) and performed a multivariable logistic regression to determine the independent predictors of mortality in TLI patients undergoing TP versus LLR. TLI occurred in 287,276 patients. Of these, 889 required lung resection with 758 (85.3%) undergoing LLR and 131 (14.7%) undergoing TP. Patients undergoing TP had a higher median injury severity score (26.0 vs. 24.5, p = 0.03) but no difference in initial median systolic blood pressure (109 vs. 107 mmHg, p = 0.92) compared to LLR. Mortality was significantly higher for TP compared to LLR (64.9% vs 27.2%, p < 0.001). The strongest independent predictor for mortality was undergoing TP versus LLR (OR 4.89, CI 3.18-7.54, p < 0.001). TP continues to be associated with a higher mortality compared to LLR. Furthermore, TP is independently associated with a fivefold increased risk of mortality compared to LLR. Future investigations should focus on identifying parameters or treatment modalities that improve survivability after TP. We recommend that surgeons reserve TP as a last-resort management given the continued high morbidity and mortality associated with this procedure.
Accuracy of oncology patients’ expectations of cure.

e24167Background: Efficacy of chemotherapy in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers is a well-studied endpoint. Patients require a realistic understanding of likely benefits to make informed treatment deci...
Factors associated with fourth graders' music knowledge assessed by SCAAP:

This study investigated factors associated with fourth graders' music knowledge assessed by the South Carolina Arts Assessment Program (SCAAP). Participants included 2,683 fourth-grade students nes...
Reimagining Vaccines for Prostate Cancer: Back to the Future.

Given the modest clinical benefits observed with immune checkpoint blockade in advanced prostate cancer, there is a renewed interest in exploring other forms of immunotherapy. Here, the authors report the use of a novel plasmid DNA vaccine encoding the androgen receptor, called pTVG-AR, in men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. See related article by Kyriakopoulos et al., p. 5162
Conservative American Nationalism: The Trump Doctrine in Theory and Practice

This chapter examines Trump’s foreign policy thinking and initiatives. The most fitting conceptual name for the Trump Doctrine is Conservative American Nationalism. It is a framework that is composed of six essential elements: (1) An America First premise in Trump policies; (2) An emphasis on American National Identity as a cornerstone of America’s elemental and dual relationship with itself and the world; (3) Highly selective involvement, with a non-exclusive emphasis on its own terms and interests in defining America’s role in the world; (4) An emphasis on American strength in all its forms, resilience, and resolve; (5) The use of maximum repeated pressure along a continuum of points in pursuit of key goals; and (6) Maximum tactical and strategic flexibility. That doctrine is at least as much a reflection of Trump’s psychology as it is of his thinking and the chapter explores its relationship to his emphasis on action and results, his ambition, the use of force, and the future of the Trump doctrine.