cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of ash on particle size distribution evolution during coal combustion

Abstract In this work we describe a numerical model of the evolution of the particle size distribution (PSD) during coal combustion. The model includes burning and fragmentation. The model examines the sensitivity of PSD evolution to different modes of fragmentation by allowing the input of alternative fragmentation scenarios. A highlight of the model formulation is the incorporation of mineral matter as a distinct constituent of the coal. Evolution of the size distribution of mineral matter is modeled explicitly. We apply the model to two different initial size distributions, a monodispersion and a power-law distribution similar to that of pulverized coal, each with three alternative modes of fragmentation: no fragmentation, fragmentation into a few relatively large fragments, and fragmentation into a family of fragments covering a wide size range. The simulations suggest that the size distribution of ash particles obtained from an initially monodisperse feedstock is sensitive to the fragmentation scenario; in contrast the ash size distribution is not sensitive to the mode of fragmentation if the initial feedstock is power-law distributed.
The analysis of Yaba monkey tumor virus DNA.

Yaba monkey tumor virus DNA was analyzed by digestion with the restriction enzymes Hind III, Eco R I, Bam H I, Sal I, and Bgl I. The restriction fragments from 0.7% and 1.4% agarose gels were used to determine an average molecular weight of 95.0 × 106. The location of the terminal cross-links was determined using formamide denaturation. Bam H I fragments D and K (molecular weight 9.6 × 106 and 3.3 × 106, respectively) were shown to be cross-linked.
Peripheral hepatic artery embolization in rabbits with VX2 carcinomas of the liver

The effect of peripheral hepatic artery embolization was investigated in 44 rabbits with VX2 carcinomas of the liver. Embolization of the proper hepatic artery with a 175-mu polystyrene microsphere suspension (dose, 1350 or 2700 particles per rabbit) did not significantly change the survival rate as compared to controls, but did seem to delay extrahepatic tumor spread. Histologic examination suggested that partial tumor necrosis, at best, resulted from the peripheral hepatic artery embolization. It is concluded that the failure to successfully treat hepatic malignancies by means of peripheral hepatic arterial embolization and a permanent occlusive agent is due to arterial revascularization of the liver through vascular proliferation and recanalization of occluded arteries.
Effects of pH and added metabolites on bioconversions by immobilized non-growing Clostridium acetobutylicum.

The bioconversion activity of calcium alginate-immobilized Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 was investigated in a continuous reactor system utilizing a defined feed medium which did not support cell growth. The changes in biocatalytic activity with time were studied at different pH values as well as when different metabolites (butyric, acetic, and acetoacetic acids) were present in the feed stream. Although the nongrowing cells were metabolically active, the product distribution was shifted from solvent production to acidogenesis. Overall activity losses occurred due to cell lysis, sporulation, and the effects of nitrogen level on macromolecular turnover. These effects were minimized under some operating conditions (e.g., pH 6), resulting in significantly longer productivity lifetimes.
Multicolor probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy: a new world for in vivo and real-time cellular imaging

Since its inception in the field of in vivo imaging, endomicroscopy through optical fiber bundles, or probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (pCLE), has extensively proven the benefit of in situ and real-time examination of living tissues at the microscopic scale. By continuously increasing image quality, reducing invasiveness and improving system ergonomics, Mauna Kea Technologies has turned pCLE not only into an irreplaceable research instrument for small animal imaging, but also into an accurate clinical decision making tool with applications as diverse as gastrointestinal endoscopy, pulmonology and urology. The current implementation of pCLE relies on a single fluorescence spectral band making different sources of in vivo information challenging to distinguish. Extending the pCLE approach to multi-color endomicroscopy therefore appears as a natural plan. Coupling simultaneous multi-laser excitation with minimally invasive, microscopic resolution, thin and flexible optics, allows the fusion of complementary and valuable biological information, thus paving the way to a combination of morphological and functional imaging. This paper will detail the architecture of a new system, Cellvizio Dual Band, capable of video rate in vivo and in situ multi-spectral fluorescence imaging with a microscopic resolution. In its standard configuration, the system simultaneously operates at 488 and 660 nm, where it automatically performs the necessary spectral, photometric and geometric calibrations to provide unambiguously co-registered images in real-time. The main hardware and software features, including calibration procedures and sub-micron registration algorithms, will be presented as well as a panorama of its current applications, illustrated with recent results in the field of pre-clinical imaging.
Congenital quadricuspid aortic valve

Abstract This case of a patient with a congenital quadricuspid aortic valve is the seventh to be reported in the world literature. Our report indicates that a quadricuspid aortic valve appears to function as well hemodynamically as a normal cuspid valve and therefore was discovered only as an incidental finding in this 67 year old man. Multiple fenestrations of the aortic cusps and an accessory right coronary artery were also noted. Review of the literature reveals that congenital malformations of the aortic and pulmonary valves are frequently associated with other cardiac abnormalities. The quadricuspid aortic and pulmonary valves do not appear to be particularly susceptible to bacterial endocarditis. The high incidence of bacterial endocarditis in the bicuspid aortic valve appears to be directly related to rheumatic involvement of this valve. The increased incidence of bacterial endocarditis in the bicuspid pulmonary valve may well be related to the coexisting ventricular septal defect.
Model decomposition and simulation: a component based qualitative simulation algorithm

Traditionally, qualitative simulation uses a global, state-based representation to describe the behavior of the modeled system. For larger, more complex systems this representation proves extremely inefficient since it provides a complete temporal ordering of all potential distinctions leading to a large, complex behavioral description that obscures relevant distinctions, or even fails to terminate. The model decomposition and simulation algorithm (DecSIM) uses a divide and conquer approach to qualitative simulation. Variables within the system are partitioned into components. Each component is viewed as a separate system and is simulated using a state-based representation limited to the variables within the component. Interactions between components are reasoned about separately. DecSIM provides a promising paradigm for qualitative simulation whose complexity is driven by the complexity of the problem specification rather than the inference mechanism used.
Antidepressant Prescribing to Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Patients in Primary Care

OBJECTIVE:To examine whether there was a difference in the prescribing of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and non-SSRI antidepressants to Hispanic and non-Hispanic white patients in primary care.METHODS:Twenty-seven family practice and internal medicine resident physicians and 407 of their Hispanic and non-Hispanic white patients who were fluent in English or Spanish participated in the study. The medical records of all patients were reviewed and information about patient diagnoses and antidepressant prescriptions was abstracted. Logistic regression was used to examine whether Hispanic ethnicity influenced physician prescribing of SSRI and non-SSRI antidepressants while controlling for other patient characteristics and diagnoses. For patients with a diagnosis of depression, logistic regression was used to examine whether Hispanic ethnicity influenced whether patients received antidepressant treatment while controlling for other patient characteristics.RESULTS:Twenty-seven percent of patien...
PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF THE TIDEWATER GOBY, EUCYCLOGOBIUS NEWBERRYI (TELEOSTEI, GOBIIDAE), IN COASTAL CALIFORNIA

Abstract The tidewater goby, Eucyclogobius newberryi, inhabits discrete, seasonally closed estuaries and lagoons along approximately 1500 km of California coastline. This species is euryhaline but has no explicit marine stage, yet population extirpation and recolonization data suggest tidewater gobies disperse intermittently via the sea. Analyses of mitochondrial control region and cytochrome b sequences demonstrate a deep evolutionary bifurcation in the vicinity of Los Angeles that separates southern California populations from all more northerly populations. Shallower phylogeographic breaks, in the vicinities of Seacliff, Point Buchon, Big Sur, and Point Arena segregate the northerly populations into five groups in three geographic clusters: the Point Conception and Ventura groups between Los Angeles and Point Buchon, a lone Estero Bay group from central California, and San Francisco and Cape Mendocino groups from northern California. The phylogenetic relationships between and patterns of molecular dive...
Associations Between Social Emotional Intelligence and Adolescent Girls' Sexual Risk Behaviors

Purpose: Social emotional intelligence has been linked to both health and risk behaviors during adolescence. Distinct from general mood, social emotional intelligence incorporates intrapersonal, interpersonal and stress management skills. While relationships between adolescents' social emotional intelligence and sexual behaviors are conceptually plausible, few studies to date have examined associations between adolescents' social and emotional skills and their sexual behaviors. The purpose of this study is to examine associations between indicators of social emotional intelligence and sexual risk behaviors among sexually active adolescent girls at high risk for pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STI).
Neutrino Mass Limits From the Fritzsch Mass Matrix

Assuming that neutrinos are Dirac particles and have a mass matrix of the Fritzsch form, we constrain the masses of the second and third neutrinos using the following experimental data: the recently improved upper bounds on ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ masses, the results of Lubimov et al., and neutrino-oscillation data. The masses of the second and third neutrinos are found to lie in a small region of the plane.
Leveraging Project Finance for Development: The Chad- Cameroon Oilfield Development and Pipeline Project

The Chad-Cameroon oilfield development and pipeline project was a major attempt by the international community to leverage an extractive industries project to promote development in a fragile state. The project is notable for its size and ambition, and for the intensive participation of multilateral institutions, multinational corporations, governments, and civil society. The centerpiece of the project was an elaborate revenue management program designed to funnel oil revenues to priority sectors in Chad. However, unanticipated developments, including a deteriorating security situation, gradually eroded the Chadian government’s compliance with the program, resulting in disbursement suspensions and renegotiations. The program was prematurely terminated when the government of Chad fully prepaid its remaining financial obligations to the World Bank after just seven years of the project’s anticipated 20-30 year lifespan. Once hailed as a newly emergent model for development, the project now offers important lessons stressing the need for greater pragmatism in the future. * Author note: The author would like to thank Ian Glenday and several anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier version of this article.
Spanish Pilgrimages to Hitler's Germany: Emissaries of the New Order

The Spanish Civil War, fought from 1936 to 1939, involved foreign intervention on a massive scale, primarily from the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany, and Fascist Italy. With the victory of Francisco Fr...
Epigenetic histone modifications of human transposable elements: genome defense versus exaptation.

Background Transposition is disruptive in nature and, thus, it is imperative for host genomes to evolve mechanisms that suppress the activity of transposable elements (TEs). At the same time, transposition also provides diverse sequences that can be exapted by host genomes as functional elements. These notions form the basis of two competing hypotheses pertaining to the role of epigenetic modifications of TEs in eukaryotic genomes: the genome defense hypothesis and the exaptation hypothesis. To date, all available evidence points to the genome defense hypothesis as the best explanation for the biological role of TE epigenetic modifications.
Disfluency in Childhood: It's Not Always Stuttering

The purpose of this article is to describe possible reasons for childrens' disfluent speech, present typical case profiles for different types of disfluency, and suggest appropriate case management procedures.
Distribution of Systemic Clarithromycin to Gingiva

Background: Aggressive and recurrent forms of periodontitis are associated with infections by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Because these pathogens invade tissue, they are difficult to eliminate by root planing alone. The use of systemic antibiotics in conjunction with root planing significantly enhances clinical and microbiologic treatment outcomes. Although it is not widely prescribed by periodontists, clarithromycin is potentially useful because it is taken up by host cells and has favorable antimicrobial activity.Methods: Experimental gingivitis was induced in eight healthy subjects at one randomly selected maxillary posterior site. The contralateral maxillary site served as the healthy control. Thereafter, subjects were administered six doses of clarithromycin, 500 mg, every 12 hours. Blood was then drawn, and samples of gingiva were harvested from both sites. The samples were extracted, and clarithromycin content...
Overextending Partial Structures: Idealization and Abstraction

The partial structures program of da Costa, French and others offers a unified framework within which to handle a wide range of issues central to contemporary philosophy of science. I argue that the program is inadequately equipped to account for simple cases where idealizations are used to construct abstract, mathematical models of physical systems. These problems show that da Costa and French have not overcome the objections raised by Cartwright and Suarez to using model‐theoretic techniques in the philosophy of science. However, my concerns arise independently of the more controversial assumptions that Cartwright and Suarez have employed.
OSCAR WILDE’S DE PROFUNDIS : HOMOSEXUAL SELF-FASHIONING ON THE OTHER SIDE OF SCANDAL

THE TRIALS OF OSCAR WILDE for acts of “gross indecency” not only confirmed him as “the sexual deviant for the late nineteenth century” but also made him “the paradigmatic example for an emerging public definition of a new ‘type’ of male sexual actor: ‘the homosexual’” (Cohen 1–2). Given that De Profundis is the only major prose work that Wilde wrote on the other side of the scandals prompted by his 1895 trials,1 it is surprising that this text has received little serious consideration from scholars in gay male studies. To be sure, Wilde’s nonfiction prose and critical dialogues generally have not received the critical attention they deserve. But the neglect of De Profundis by gay male scholarship specifically is probably due less to the text’s marginal generic status than to the feeling that De Profundis betrays the iconoclastic image of Wilde dear to the hearts of twentieth-century gay men. In his letter to Lord Alfred Douglas, Wilde seems so — one almost hesitates to say it — sincere. Indeed, for critics such as Jonathan Dollimore, Wilde’s semblance of sincerity signifies a capitulation to the middle-class morality he otherwise resisted. De Profundis thus comes to mark a decisive break in Wilde’s oeuvre and to signal the end of his self-fashioning activities (95–98). However, the view that De Profundis represents Wilde’s sincere contrition does not originate with gay male studies but was, in fact, a popular response to the text upon its initial publication in 1905.
AN INCUBATION METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE CARBON CONTENT OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN NATURAL SAMPLES1

In this method, the phytoplankton standing stock as carbon was calculated from carbon assimilation rates, measured at 24 and 48 hr, during incubation of seawater samples on shipboard. The method requires exponential growth at constant specific growth rate of the phytoplankton in the sample during incubation and relies on the fact that the rate of synthesis of cell substance is proportional to the quantity of cell substance present. Growth was so extensive that nutrients had to be added to the samples before the 48-hr incubations to maintain exponential growth. Light intensity during incubation affected results, and matching the incubation intensity to that in situ seemed best. Carbon: chlorophyll a ratios found in phytoplankton off La Jolla, California, averaged about 90 in nutrient-depleted surface layers and about 30 in deeper, nutrient-rich water. Photosynthetic rates per unit chlorophyll a, calculated from 24-hr incubations, were high due to chlorophyll a synthesis during incubation.
The Effects of Intravitreal Ophthalmic Medications on Intraocular Pressure

Ophthalmic medications are often given as intravitreal injection. Antimicrobials, antivirals, corticosteroids and anti- vascular endothelial growth factor agents are the main classes which can be administered through intravitreal injections. Possible complications of intravitreal injection include intraocular pressure changes, especially intraocular pressure elevations. This review discusses both injection-related intraocular pressure elevations which can occur immediately after injection of any kind of medication and drug specific-related intraocular pressure changes which may be detected days or even months after the injection.
Acid phosphatase levels of irrigant solution during transurethral prostatectomy

The acid phosphatase level of irrigant solution used during transurethral prostate resections was measured in 20 patients. The mean acid phosphatase of the irrigant solution was 45.3 IU/L (S.D. 50.7). The degree of elevation of irrigant acid phosphatase was related to the weight of tissue resected, the duration of the resection, and the total volume of irrigant used. A transient elevation of serum acid phosphatase occurred postoperatively which was associated with the level of urinary acid phosphatase elevation and the amount of absorbed irrigant solution based on changes in serum sodium.
SEAMS: simulation environment for VHDL-AMS

VHDL-AMS is an analog and mixed-signal extension to the Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL). With the standardization of VHDL-AMS, capable and efficient simulators are in demand for exercising complex analog and mixed-signal models. The simulation of the language requires the ability to handle several levels of design hierarchy, the combination of multiple domains of modeling and the synchronization of continuous and discrete-event simulation. The expressive power of VHDL-AMS is also conducive for creating large simulation models. Large models have high resource demands especially on memory and execution time making parallel simulation no longer an option but a requirement. This paper introduces the issues involved in the design of a VHDL-AMS simulator and illustrates the simulation approach provided by SEAMS a parallel VHDL-AMS simulator. A performance study is presented to analyze the effectiveness of mixed-signal simulation using SEAMS.
Identification and Characterization of a Novel Related Adhesion Focal Tyrosine Kinase (RAFTK) from Megakaryocytes and Brain

We have isolated a cDNA encoding a novel human intracytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, termed RAFTK (for a related adhesion focal tyrosine kinase). In addition, we have cloned and characterized the murine homolog of the human RAFTK cDNA. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of human RAFTK and murine Raftk cDNAs revealed 95% homology, indicating that RAFTK is highly conserved between these species. The RAFTK cDNA clone, encoding a polypeptide of 1009 amino acids, has closest homology (48% identity, 65% similarity) to the focal adhesion kinase (pp125FAK). Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences also indicates that RAFTK, like pp125FAK, lacks a transmembrane region, myristylation sites, and SH2 and SH3 domains. In addition, like pp125FAK, RAFTK contains a kinase domain flanked by large N-terminal (426 residues) and C-terminal (331 residues) domains, and the C-terminal region contains a predicted proline-rich stretch of residues. In fetal tissues, RAFTK expression was abundant in brain, and low levels were observed in lung and liver. In adult tissues, it was less restricted, indicating that RAFTK expression is developmentally up-regulated. Expression of RAFTK was also observed in human CD34+ marrow cells, primary bone marrow megakaryocytes, platelets, and various areas of brain. The human RAFTK gene was assigned to human chromosome 8 using genomic DNAs from human/rodent somatic cell hybrid lines. The mouse Raftk gene was mapped to chromosome 14, closely linked to gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Using specific antibodies for RAFTK, a γ123-kDa protein from the human megakaryocytic CMK cell line was immunoprecipitated. Treatment of the megakaryocytic CMK cells with thrombin caused a rapid induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of RAFTK protein. The structural features of RAFTK suggest that it is a member of the focal adhesion kinase gene family and may participate in signal transduction in human megakaryocytes and brain as well as in other cell types.
Changes in cervical length and the risk of preterm labor.

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the value of cervical length change as a predictor of preterm labor. Study Design: We used an historic cohort of 154 women to compare change in cervical length and preterm birth. Independent variables included cervical length at the first sonogram, absolute change of cervical length, and change per unit time. Covariates included age, parity, and history of preterm birth. Eligible patients had 2 or more sonograms that included cervical length. Results: The risk of preterm delivery increased as the length of the cervix declined, after an adjustment was made for the initial cervical length ( P P Conclusion: A cervical length of
Antipsychotic regulation of hippocampal dopamine receptor messenger RNA expression.

Medial temporal lobe structures including the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Markers of dopaminergic neurotransmission indicate that these regions receive dopaminergic innervation. Accordingly, dysfunction of dopaminergic neurotransmission within the hippocampus and associated cortical areas may be associated with schizophrenia. Little is known, however, about the expression and regulation of dopamine receptors in these regions. We determined the effects of 14 days of clozapine or haloperidol treatment on dopamine receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in medial temporal regions of the rat brain by in situ hybridization. These two drugs had different effects in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, particularly a dissociation of their effects on D 2 and D 3 receptor mRNA expression. There was a parallel down-regulation of D 4 mRNA by both drugs. D 1 and D 5 transcripts were not regulated by either treatment. These results suggest a differential pattern of regulation of D 2 -like receptor expression by clozapine and haloperidol in some medial temporal lobe structures. These drugs also appear to cause changes in the expression of these transcripts that differ from what has been reported in the striatum, adding to a growing literature suggesting that hippocampal and striatal dopamine receptors are differentially regulated.
Comparative Cause and Effect: Consumer Insolvency and the Eroding Social Safety Net

This paper explores the connection between social welfare reform and the adoption of consumer debt relief law in Europe. Health care expenses and unemployment are significant contributors to overindebtedness in Europe, and outside the primary sources, one finds suggestions to the effect that the unraveling social safety net was a major contributing factor in the adoption of consumer debt relief laws in Europe in the 1990s. This paper critically analyzes this notion by tracking the recent scaling back of social assistance programs in Sweden, Germany, and France, and comparing that movement with the adoption of consumer insolvency regimes in those three countries. The temporal correlation seems to be quite weak, and closer examination of the individual social welfare regimes reveals latent weaknesses that were amplified by changes in consumer economic factors in the 1980s. Rather than an eroding social safety net causing the adoption of consumer bankruptcy law, other powerful variables seem to have driven both of these reform processes. In countries with both strong and weak safety nets, consumer insolvency law has become the treatment of choice for new financial risks confronting consumers in the 21st century.
Successive compute-and-forward

In prior work, we proposed the compute-and- forward framework for sending linear combinations of messages to relays. In this note, we extend the notion of successive interference cancellation to the compute-and-forward setting. We find that once a relay has decoded a linear combination, it can mix it with its channel output to create a new effective channel output. The resulting effective channel can be tuned so that it is more suitable for decoding a second linear combination than the original channel.
Targeting AIDS through information, education, and communications programs: implications for Africa and the Caribbean.

IEC campaigns targeted at acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) must seek to achieve the maximum impact within a contest of extremely limited resources. This implies a careful assessment of population groups and behaviors that carry the highest risk. Rather than expending large sums of money on mass media campaigns the approach should be to target IEC activities at the social networks of those most at risk. This may include for example prostitutes homosexual men hotel and tourist employees students and military personnel. Once epidemiologic studies have identified the at-risk population volunteers form these groups should be recruited and trained to reach their peers through the networks available to them. This education component of IEC work takes priority. The second step involves information diffusion to health providers who are likely to come into contact with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals especially those who have access to pregnant women and mothers. Some of these providers are not aware of the risks involved in the reuse of immunization needles. The third step--communication with the general public--is aimed at making the population aware of the factors that place people at risk of HIV infection. Radio seems to be the media capable of reaching the greatest numbers although traditional means of communication should not be neglected. The IEC effort should consider options at the community institutional and individual levels and address those factors that enable reinforce and predispose appropriate health behaviors.
Nanopore-enabled electrode arrays and ensembles

This review (with 116 refs.) addresses recent developments in nanoelectrode arrays and ensembles with particular attention to nanopore-enabled arrays and ensembles. Nanoelectrode-based arrays exhibit unique mass transport and ion transfer properties, which can be exploited for electroanalytical measurements with enhanced figures-of-merit with respect to microscale and larger components. Following an introduction into the topic, we cover (a) methods for fabrication of solid-state nanopore electrodes, (b) chemical and biochemical sensors, (c) nanochannel arrays with embedded nanoelectrodes; (d) recessed nanodisk electrode arrays; (e) redox cycling in nanopore electrode arrays, (f) finally discuss novel nanoarrays for electrochemistry, and then give a future outlook. A wide variety of nanoelectrode array-based chemical and biochemical sensors properties are discussed in addition to faradaic, ion transfer and spectroelectrochemical applications.
Neurovisual manifestations of herpesviruses.

Herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus cause dermatitis, blepharoconjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, glaucoma, and retinitis. These conditions are encountered frequently by the ophthalmologist in clinical practice. It should not be overlooked that herpesviruses can also produce an extraordinary variety of neuroophthalmological signs and symptoms. What follows is an overview of the most common and important neuroophthalmological manifestations of herpesvirus infection.
LTE and WiFi: Experiences with Quality and Consumption

Abstract Numerous reports over the past few years have noted that wireless data consumption continues to increase at incredible rates. Such growth rates tend to be felt most acutely in the cellular space where smartphones and tablets continue to increase in capability and popularity. Unfortunately, there exists limited public data with regards to fine-grained user performance, particularly with regards to the transition between 3G and LTE and the interplay between 3G, LTE, and WiFi. The focus of this paper is to offer insight into these particular transition points as gleaned from nearly two hundred well-instrumented smartphone users. Specifically, we note the considerable impact that the quality of smartphone WiFi plays in addition to noting that consumption across WiFi and cellular tends to stay remarkably consistent once sufficient cellular speeds are achieved. We conclude our paper with a variety of research and data challenges that we pose to the wireless networking community.
A NEW SPECIES OF SCAPHOSEPALUM PFITZER (PLEUROTHALLIDINAE: ORCHIDACEAE) IN THE HUMID MONTANE FOREST FROM PERU

Abstract A new species of Scaphosepalum was found in the mountains of Yanachaga-Chemillen National Park, in a humid montane forest at 2300 m in the central jungle of Peru. This species is similar to Scaphosepalum antenniferum but can be differentiated because the lateral sepals exhibit rhomboidal cushions and the lip is spathuliform. In contrast, the lateral sepals of S. antenniferum show broad lunar cushions and the medium sepal with apiculate apex; on the other hand, the lip is subpanduriform and with denticulate apex. Keywords: Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae, Scaphosepalum , new species, central jungle, Oxapampa, Yanachaga-Chemillen National Park, Peru. Resumen Se encontro una nueva especie de Scaphosepalum en las montanas del Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillen, en un bosque humedo montano a 2300 m de altitud en la Selva Central del Peru. Esta especie es similar a Scaphosepalum antenniferum pero se diferencia porque sus sepalos laterales presentan cojines romboidales y el labelo es espatuliforme. En contraste, los sepalos laterales de S. antenniferum muestran cojines lunares anchos y el sepalo medio con apice apiculado; por otro lado, el labelo es subpanduriforme y con apice denticulado. Palabras clave: Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae, Scaphosepalum , nueva especie, Selva Central, Oxapampa, Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillen, Peru.
Transverse umbilical arterial diameter: technique for the prenatal diagnosis of single umbilical artery.

We investigated the relationship between the transverse umbilical arterial diameter and the presence of a single umbilical artery. Further, we speculated that fetal physiologic and hemodynamic limitations in pregnancies complicated by a single umbilical artery would result in larger umbilical arterial diameters than the typical three-vessel cord. The identification of a sufficiently large umbilical artery may be pathognomonic for single umbilical artery. The transverse umbilical arterial diameter was obtained in 100 consecutive, uncomplicated singleton pregnancies between 20 and 38 weeks' gestation. These measurements were compared with the transverse umbilical arterial diameter of 23 pregnancies in which a single umbilical artery was identified with ultrasonography and postnatal examination. Transverse umbilical arterial diameter measurements of the two groups were compared. Before 36 weeks' gestation, all pregnancies with a single umbilical artery had a transverse umbilical arterial diameter measurement > 4 mm and all pregnancies with two umbilical arteries had a transverse umbilical arterial diameter measurement 4 mm is predictive of single umbilical artery between 20 and 36 weeks' gestation.
OBSERVATION ON EFFICACY OF AN AIR DISINFECTION-PURIFYING DEVICE IN DISINFECTION OF AIR IN STERILE SUPPLY SERVICE UNDER DAMP ENVIRONMENT IN THE SOUTH OF CHINA

Objective To observe the efficacy of air disinfection-purifying device in disinfection of air in underground sterile supply room under dump environment in south of China.Method Flat slab exposure method was used to examine the actual disinfection efficacy of this air disinfection-purifying device.Results In an unoccupied room about 55 m3 in volume,circulating purification of the air for 60 min with this air disinfection-purilfying device reduced the average count of natural bacteria in air from 785 cfu/m3 to 105 cfu/m3.After it worked for 180 minutes,no bacteria grew on the sampling slab.After it worked for 120 minutes,if two persons entered the room for common activities for less than 180 minutes,the total count of natural bacteria in air could be controlled at less than 200 cfu/m3.If three persons worked for 180 minutes in the room,the total bacteria count could achieve 366 cfu/m3.If five persons worked for 120 minutes,the total bacteria count could achieve 419 cfu/m3.Conclusion If the air disinfection-purfying device is used to disinfect the air in the underground sterile supply room under dump environment in south of China,the total bacteria count can be kept at category-II environment hygiene standard if the number of persons for common activities i nthe room is controlled at two.The total bacteria count would exceed the allowable limit with increasing the number of persons and prolonging the time.
Risk Factors of Hypertension among Urban and Rural Populations in Lingbao City

[Objective]To understand the prevalence of hypertension among urban and rural populations in Lingbao City,and provide a scientific basis for adopting targeted prevention measures. [Methods]The stratified random sampling method was adopted to determine the survey sample,questionnaire survey was performed on residents of 18~60 years old for personal medical history and basic situation of hypertension,measurement of blood pressure,blood glucose and lipid levels were also carried out. [Results]A total of 730 residents were investigated.Of 160 rural male residents,the prevalence rate of hypertension was 45.63%,of 198 female residents that was 42.42%.Of 180 rural male residents,the prevalence rate of hypertension was 33.89%,of 192 female residents that was 17.71%.The prevalence rate of hypertension in urban area was significantly higher than that of rural area(P0.01).Single factor analysis showed that waist circumference,total cholesterol,triglycerides,high-density lipoprotein and body mass index were significantly different between urban and rural populations(P0.01). [Conclusion]The prevalence rate of hypertension of urban residents is higher than that of rural residents.Therefore,the health education should be enhanced among key population.
Reduction of pituitary AVP and OT contents in rats following spaceflight.

BACKGROUND Responses of pituitary concentrations of vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) during spaceflight have been variable, possibly due to differences in flight conditions or in age and strain of flight animals. METHODS We reviewed findings of three space-flights of varying flight and recovery durations in which rats of different ages and strains were used. Male rats ranging in weight from 248-396 g were flown in space for 7-14 d. Flight animals were then compared with vivarium controls and synchronous controls. Parallel ground-based studies (hypergravity and simulated hypogravity) were conducted. RESULTS Pituitary content of AVP was significantly (p < or = 0.05) decreased by spaceflight (6.3 +/- 0.3 micrograms.mg-1 protein in flight vs. 8.3 +/- 0.5 micrograms.mg-1 protein in vivarium). OT content was also reduced during spaceflight (4.3 +/- 0.2 micrograms.mg-1 protein in flight vs. 6.1 +/- 0.3 micrograms.mg-1 protein in vivarium). Vivarium and synchronous control rats showed no difference in pituitary contents. Flight duration or recovery times did not appear to influence pituitary hormone contents. Strain of rat had an effect on content but not on responses to spaceflight. Age of animals confounded the response to spaceflight: pituitary contents of AVP and OT were not altered in young animals (< or = 60 d old). Hindlimb suspended animals showed no difference in AVP but OT content was decreased. Ground-based exposure to hypergravity (2 G) did not alter content of AVP or OT in young animals. CONCLUSIONS Decreases in pituitary content of AVP and OT with spaceflight may be due to a variety of factors unique to the microgravity environment. Differences between studies may be due in part to differences in size and age of rats used.
Haystack ultra-wideband Satellite Imaging Radar antenna

MIT Lincoln Laboratory recently completed a major upgrade to the Haystack long range imaging radar adding W band (92–100 GHz) radar capability to the existing X band radar so that the new dual band radar, the Haystack Ultra-wideband Satellite Imaging Radar (HUSIR), is capable of producing very high resolution images at W band while retaining the deep space imaging capabilities of the X band system. The original Haystack antenna was a technological marvel when built, but it was not capable of efficient operation at W band frequencies. As part of the HUSIR upgrade, the 36.6 m diameter antenna was rebuilt with a goal of achieving and maintaining a surface tolerance of 100 µm rms under all operating conditions.
Harmonizing IEC 61850 and CIM for connectivity of substation automation

A smart grid is an electrical power grid infrastructure for improving efficiency and reliability of power systems. CIM and IEC 61850 are major standards in the smart grid domain for modeling substations and their management. Due to heavy data exchanges between CIM and IEC 61850, the need for harmonizing the standards has emerged as a high priority issue to improve interoperability of involved systems in a smart grid. Among many aspects involved in the harmonization, connectivity, which is concerned with physical connections of equipment, forms the base. In this work, we present an approach for harmonizing the connectivity aspects of CIM and IEC 61850. In the approach, we analyze the models in the standards that are relevant to connectivity and define harmonization principles based upon the analysis. We then build a harmonized model by applying the principles and define transformation algorithms to support automatic transformation of CIM and IEC 61850 to the harmonized model and vice versa. We implemented the transformation using Query/View/Transformation (QVT). To aid application development, we also developed a profiling tool for tailoring the harmonized model to develop a specific energy management system. We demonstrate use of a profiled model by developing a simple SCADA application. HighlightsConnectivity aspects in IEC 61850 and CIM are harmonized to define a common sematic model.Harmonization principles are defined.Transformation algorithms in QVT are developed to support automatic transformation of CIM and IEC 61850 to the harmonized model and vice versa.The method is validated using a case study.A profiling tool for tailoring the harmonized model is developed to aid application development.The development of a simple SCADA application is demonstrated using a profiled model.
Sputtered Films of PdMn for Thermometry and Bolometry

Measurements of the magnetic sensitivity of thin sputtered films of PdMn alloy demonstrate the viability of this material for high resolution thermometry. The thinnest films (thickness ≤1.0 μm) show significant domain scale noise below the Curie Temperature, Tc, while thicker films (thickness ≥10 μm) show reliable non-hysteretic behavior throughout the temperature range of interest. The thin films show the effects of demagnetization with the field perpendicular to the surface, but a fine screen in this orientation shows good response with no evidence of saturation and a manageable degree of demagnetization.
Lurasidone for the treatment of irritability and anger in autism spectrum disorders.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication as well as restricted patterns of behaviors and interests. Irritability marked by tantrums, self-injury and aggression occurs frequently in youth with ASD, causing significant parent and caregiver distress. Atypical antipsychotics have been the most studied drug class targeting irritability in ASD. Risperidone and aripiprazole are Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved atypical antipsychotics for treatment of irritability in youth with ASD. However, other atypical antipsychotics, such as lurasidone, are often considered for off-label use in the treatment of irritability, whether because of tolerability issues with risperidone and aripiprazole or because of the drug-refractory nature of this symptom cluster.Areas covered: Following a comprehensive review of the literature this article summarizes information on the efficacy and tolerabilit...
Virtual Reality Exercise for Anxiety and Depression: A Preliminary Review of Current Research in an Emerging Field

Objective: Although current evidence supports the use of virtual reality (VR) in the treatment of mental disorders, it is unknown whether VR exercise would be beneficial to mental health. This review synthesized literature concerning the effect of VR exercise on anxiety and depression among various populations. Methods: Ten electronic databases were searched for studies on this topic from January 2000 through October 2017. Studies were eligible if the article: (1) was peer-reviewed; (2) was published in English; and (3) used quantitative measures in assessing anxiety- and depression-related outcomes. Results: A total of five empirical studies met the eligibility criteria. These studies included two randomized clinical trials, one control trial, and two cross-sectional studies. Four studies reported significant improvements in anxiety- and depression-related measures following VR exercise, including reduced tiredness and tension, in addition to increased energy and enjoyment. Nonetheless, one study failed to support the effectiveness of VR exercise over traditional exercise alone on depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Findings favor VR exercise in alleviating anxiety and depression symptomology. However, existing evidence is insufficient to support the advantages of VR exercise as a standalone treatment over traditional therapy in the alleviation of anxiety and depression given the paucity of studies, small sample sizes, and lack of high-quality research designs. Future studies may build upon these limitations to discern the optimal manner by which to employ VR exercise in clinical settings.
Editorial: 25 años de evaluación por pares en Trabajos de Prehistoria

This editorial closes the four-year term of the current Editorial Board. It presents the contents of volume 75, the 25th since Trabajos de Prehistoria became a semestral peer-reviewed journal. Both numbers of vol. 75 combine articles accepted in the course of normal business with invited manuscripts. The latter address the current state of prehistoric research in the Iberian Peninsula as seen from abroad, as well as presenting the results of major projects carried by prehistorian of the Institute of History in the Spanish National Research Council. It assesses the degree of professionalism and the international impact of the work that falls within the journal’s scope of interest. The volume is dedicated to its founder, Martin Almagro Basch.
The effects of a GABA(A) agonist in the rostral ventral medulla on sleep and breathing in newborn piglets.

Study objectives Abnormalities in the rostral ventral medulla (RVM) in human infants may contribute to the etiology of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) or a subset of SIDS, by interfering with cardiorespiratory and arousal responses to physiological stimuli often encountered during sleep. The purpose of this study was to determine whether inhibition of groups of neurons in the RVM in newborn piglets would alter sleep and/or the sleep-modulation of breathing. We hypothesized that inhibition of neurons in the RVM would produce less wakefulness or increase the low frequency power (delta) during Quiet sleep. Design Unanesthetized piglets were studied in a whole-body plethysmograph. Artificial cerebral spinal fluid (aCSF) or the GABAA agonist, muscimol, was dialyzed into the RVM for 40 minutes after a control period consisting of aCSF dialysis. Sleep was analyzed using a combination of EEG spectral analysis and behavioral observations. Setting N/A. Participants N/A. Interventions N/A. Measurements and results Cardiorespiratory variables varied with state. Dialysis of neither aCSF nor muscimol into the RVM resulted in alterations in resting respiration, BP, HR, or VO2 or their modulation by state. Compared to control dialysis with aCSF, muscimol dialysis caused dramatic effects on sleep architecture. Sleep cycling was abolished in some experiments, whereas in others there were decreases in low-frequency EEG activity or delta power. The animals in which sleep cycling ceased continued in a perpetual state of drowsiness interspersed with periods of wakefulness. Conclusions We conclude that dialysis of muscimol into the RVM has little effect on resting breathing, blood pressure, or heart rate or their modulation by state, but interferes with normal sleep architecture. We speculate that abnormalities in the ventral medulla may alter sleep cycling or interfere with arousal mechanisms, thus contributing to the etiology of at least a subset of SIDS.