cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changing Education and Employment in Natural Resources Management

Abstract Education in natural resources is changing toward a specialist graduating in a specific major with general natural resource knowledge in other areas. Graduates also are required to have knowledge in sophisticated methodology. Courses in sociology, economics, and public relations are being required in natural resources management curricula. Professionals are being given the opportunity to return to universities and update knowledge through short courses, institutes, and workshops. Courses not of university quality are often offered as student efforts under sponsorship of student organizations. Employment opportunities seem to be increasing because of retirements and resultant personnel turnover in natural resources agencies—federal registers being opened for the first time in many years—and opportunities due to a general interest in environmental problems. Students with a Bachelor of Science degree often are hired for a six-month temporary position. Some are taking internships for credit instead o...
Laser fabrication of Pb doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor

It has been shown that the addition of Pb enhances the formation of 110 K (2 2 2 3) phase in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system due to kinetic reasons. With the premise that a local temperature spike, exceeding the melting temperature of the compound, might enhance the nucleation and growth of the 110 K phase, we have conducted laser calcination experiments of Pb doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O compound by using a high energy Nd: YAG laser. It is found that laser calcination of this material indeed enhances kinetics of formation of the 110 K phase. Nearly 100% 2223 phase has been obtained in laser processed samples in much shorter sintering time compared with the conventional sintering.
Crystal structure refinements of the three-layer Aurivillius ceramics Bi2Sr2−xAxNb2TiO12 (A=Ca,Ba, x=0,0.5,1) using combined X-ray and neutron powder diffraction

Abstract Three-layer Aurivillius ceramics Bi2SrCaNb2TiO12, Bi2Sr1.5Ca0.5Nb2TiO12, Bi2Sr2Nb2TiO12, Bi2Sr1.5Ba0.5Nb2TiO12, and Bi2SrBaNb2TiO12 were formed via solid-state synthesis and their structures characterized by combined Rietveld analysis of powder X-ray and neutron diffraction data. Static disorder was observed in the form of mixed cation occupancies between the Bi and the Sr, Ca, or Ba on the A sites in the perovskite block, as well as between the Nb and Ti sites. The degree of site mixing between the Bi site in the (Bi2O2)2+ layer and the perovskite-block A site increased with increasing average A site cation radius (ACR). Bi2SrBaNb2TiO12 displayed the greatest degree of Bi–A site static disorder. Bond valence sum (BVS) calculations showed an increase in A site BVS with average A site cation radius. All compositions except Bi2SrCaNb2TiO12 had overbonded A sites and the A site BVS increased nearly linearly with lattice parameter and ACR. A preference was observed for Ca2+ to remain on the A site while Ba2+ preferred to disorder to the Bi site, indicating that the cation site mixing occurs to reduce strain between the (Bi2O2)2+ layer and the perovskite block in the structure. Unusually large Ti site BVS and thermal parameter for the equatorial oxygen in the TiO6 octahedra were observed in structural models that included full oxygen occupancy. However, excellent structure models and more reasonable BVS values were obtained by assuming oxygen vacancies in the TiO6 octahedra. AC impedance spectroscopy performed on all samples indicate that the total electrical conductivity is on the order of 10 −4 S / cm at 900°C.
Centroid-moment tensor solutions for April–June 1987

Abstract Centroid-moment tensor solutions are presented for 205 earthquakes that occurred during the second quarter of 1987. The solutions are obtained using corrections for aspherical Earth structure.
Ray casting curved-quadratic elements

We present a method for ray casting curved-quadratic elements in 3D. The advantages of this approach is that a curved element can be directly visualized. Conventionally, higher-order elements are tessellated with several linear elements so that standard visualization techniques can be applied to the linear elements. Our method primarily focuses on how to find an approximation to the intersection between a ray and a curved-quadratic element. Once this approximation is found, conventional accumulation and color mapping techniques can be applied to the approximation to produce a volumetric visualization of the element. A cutting plane implementation is also shown that leverages the ray casting technique.
Macular translocation—what our patients need to know

Abstract Age-related macular degeneration is the most common cause of rapid and irreversible central vision loss among persons older than 60 years in the United States. Vision loss occurs as a result of choroidal neovascularization in which abnormal blood vessels in the choroid bleed and scar beneath the fovea. If this is caught early, a new approach called macular translocation surgery can be considered. In this procedure, the surgeon moves (translocates) the macula to a healthy area of the retina where it may recover and maintain its function. Moving the fovea allows the surgeon to use laser to destroy the abnormal blood vessels and spare the fovea. As with any procedure, it is important for the patient to have a positive perioperative experience, to be able to report and prevent postoperative complications, arrange follow-up care and transportation, and have realistic expectations of visual outcomes. To this end, a patient education brochure has been developed to ensure a more informed, involved, and satisfied patient. Our topics include: (1) a brief description of macular degeneration, (b) perioperative examinations and procedures, (3) the procedure itself, surgical risks, and postoperative care, (4) appointments for follow-up and laser procedures a few days after surgery, and (5) possible improvements in visual outcomes. Our objectives are to describe macular translocation surgery as it pertains to the management of choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration and to identify the essential perioperative elements that patients need to know about macular translocation surgery. (Insight 2001;26:73-6.)
Stages in the P-T path of ascending basalt magma: an example from San Quintin, Baja California

Late Pleistocene or Recent lavas from San Quintin, Baja California are basanitoids and alkali basalts. The surface quench temperatures of the lavas average 1 005° C with log \(f_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } \)=−11.4, as deduced from the groundmass Fe-Ti oxides. Spinel lherzolite xenoliths and megacrysts of augite and andesine have been found in lava flows and cinder deposits. Using analytical data on the rocks and minerals and simple thermodynamic expressions, the pressures and temperatures of equilibration of lavas and xenoliths, megacrysts and phenocrysts have been calculated. The lavas could have been in equilibrium with lherzolite at 1 330–1 410° C and 27.5–31.6 kb, the more silica-poor liquid having the higher values. The basanitoid could have equilibrated with the megacrysts at about 10.5 kb and with phenocrysts at about 1.4 kb and 1130° C. The variation in composition of the lavas may be explained by a rising zone of melting within the mantle, the most silica-poor liquid having the deepest source. The source of the San Quintin basalts is probably related to spreading of the ocean floor in the Gulf of California.
Political assessment by international firms: Models or methodologies?

Abstract Political risk is defined in terms of managerial contingencies arising from political events and processes. A number of “first-generation” assessment methodologies are reviewed and compared in terms of their degree of structure (explicit model of process) and systemization (formalization of methodology). The paper concludes that, at this point, effective political assessment is more likely to result from explicit specification of causal relationships and implementation of systematic analytical procedures than from development of increased methodological sophistication or elegance.
Remarks on the theory of fast neutron sputtering

From surface effects in controlled thermonuclear fusion devices and reactors meetirg; Argonne, Illinois, USA (10 Jan 1974). Theoretical estimates of neutron sputtering yields are in serious disagreement with experiment, unlike the situation with ion sputtering. Possible reasons for the discrepancy are sought without success. It is shown that chunk ejection by neutrons is not due to single neutron events nor to the dynamic interference of cascades. The need for more complete experimental data to guide development of the theory is emphasized. (auth)
Auroral electron dispersion below inverted-V energies: Resonant deceleration and acceleration by Alfvén waves

[1] Rocket observations of electron time dispersion which occurs at energies below the primary inverted-V electron precipitation exhibit a variety of characteristics in the dispersion timescale and flux intensity distribution. We present simulation results that illustrate how different dispersion signatures can be produced by resonant acceleration and deceleration of auroral electrons by inertial Alfven waves. We investigate the individual effects of relevant parameters such as the altitude of the inverted-V potential, Alfven wave amplitude, wave velocity, and source electron population. The energies to which Alfven waves can accelerate electrons are primarily determined by the peak Alfven speed below the DC potential drop and to a lesser extent by the amplitude of the wave parallel electric field. The observed electron signatures can be used to obtain information about the peak Alfven speed, the wave parallel electric field, the DC electric field, and plasma environment through which the waves propagate.
Computers in Medical Data Processing

This paper contains a brief resume of the ideas inherent in the utilization of digital electronic computers in medical data processing. Concepts associated with the application of a sequential decision theory applied to the analysis of medical diagnosis, and with the accumulation and recall of individual medical records, are discussed. The conclusion is reached that the great significance of a national health computer network cannot be overestimated, both as an aid to increasing individual good health and longevity, and as a vast new source of medical information concerning mankind. Present day computer technology indicates that such a health computer network is entirely feasible.
Germinal's Brave New World

All of the tools used to create the world of Germinal are unearthed and discovered in real time in front of the audience. The performance’s structure follows the discoveries of stage layers and objects, all of which are considered, then used or rejected in this construction of something from nothing. In my September 19, 2014 interview with Goerger and Defoort at the Portland Institute for Contemporary Art, Defoort explained that Germinal came about after working on — and ultimately rejecting — an idea for a different performance:
Host Immune Status and Response to Hepatitis E Virus Infection

SUMMARY Hepatitis E virus (HEV), identified over 30 years ago, remains a serious threat to life, health, and productivity in developing countries where access to clean water is limited. Recognition that HEV also circulates as a zoonotic and food-borne pathogen in developed countries is more recent. Even without treatment, most cases of HEV-related acute viral hepatitis (with or without jaundice) resolve within 1 to 2 months. However, HEV sometimes leads to acute liver failure, chronic infection, or extrahepatic symptoms. The mechanisms of pathogenesis appear to be substantially immune mediated. This review covers the epidemiology of HEV infection worldwide, the humoral and cellular immune responses to HEV, and the persistence and protection of antibodies produced in response to both natural infection and vaccines. We focus on the contributions of altered immune states (associated with pregnancy, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], and immunosuppressive agents used in cancer and transplant medicine) to the elevated risks of chronic infection (in immunosuppressed/immunocompromised patients) and acute liver failure and mortality (among pregnant women). We conclude by discussing outstanding questions about the immune response to HEV and interactions with hormones and comorbid conditions. These questions take on heightened importance now that a vaccine is available.
Characterization of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor–Mediated Nitric Oxide Production In Vivo in Rats

Background and Purpose Glutamate receptor activation can stimulate nitric oxide (NO) production and possibly play a role in long-term potentiation and excitotoxic-mediated injury. We studied the differential effect of agonist-induced activation of ion channel–linked N -methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor subtypes on NO production in vivo in rat hippocampus. We also studied whether dantrolene, a ryanodine calcium channel inhibitor previously shown to attenuate metabotropic glutamate receptor stimulation of NO production, also attenuated ionotropic glutamate receptor–mediated stimulation of NO production. Methods Microdialysis probes were placed bilaterally into the CA3 region of the hippocampus of pentobarbital-anesthetized adult Sprague-Dawley rats and were perfused for 5 hours with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) containing 3 μmol/L [14C]l-arginine. Recovery of [14C]l-citrulline in the effluent was used as a marker of NO production. In 13 groups of rats, increases in [14C]l-citrulline recovery were compared between right- and left-sided probes perfused with no additional drugs versus combinations of NMDA, AMPA, the NO synthase inhibitor N ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), the noncompetitive glutamate receptor blocker MK-801, the AMPA receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), and dantrolene. Results Recovery of [14C]l-citrulline during perfusion with artificial CSF progressively increased to 272±73 fmol/min (±SEM) over 5 hours. Contralateral perfusion with 1 mmol/L L-NAME inhibited [14C]l-citrulline recovery. Perfusion with 1 mmol/L MK-801 or 1 mmol/L CNQX reduced [14C]l-citrulline recovery compared with contralateral perfusion with CSF alone. Perfusion with 1 mmol/L NMDA enhanced [14C]l-citrulline recovery, and this enhancement was attenuated by L-NAME, MK-801, and CNQX but not by dantrolene. Perfusion with 1 mmol/L AMPA enhanced [14C]l-citrulline recovery, and this enhancement was also attenuated by L-NAME, MK-801, and CNQX but not by dantrolene. Conclusions Through an indirect method of assessing NO production in vivo, results with MK-801 and CNQX indicate that NMDA and AMPA receptor activation contribute to basal NO production in the rat hippocampus. Enhanced NO production with NMDA and AMPA agonists appears to involve a complex neuronal interaction because the effect of NMDA was attenuated by both MK-801 and CNQX and because the effect of AMPA was attenuated by both CNQX and MK-801. In contrast to metabotropic glutamate receptor activation, release of calcium from intracellular ryanodine calcium channels does not appear to be a prominent mediator of ionotropic glutamate receptor stimulation of NO production.
Characterization of single and multiple scatter from matter and activity distributions outside the FOV in 3-D PET

Operation of PET in 3-D mode, without internal septa results in increased sensitivity but at the cost of increased scatter fraction. Significant amounts of scattered events in 3-D PET either originate from activity outside the FOV (OFOV) or scatter from matter outside the FOV, complicating scatter correction methods. We performed 3-D PET simulations with scanner geometry based on the GE Advance with several phantom geometries designed to characterize all scatter with particular attention to that from outside the FOV. Scatter from OFOV matter was deduced by performing simulations with matter and activity within the FOV only (short phantom). Studies were repeated with phantoms with identical characteristics inside the FOV but with additional OFOV material (long phantom) but no activity outside the FOV. The incremental effect of OFOV activity was then determined by repeating the long phantom studies with additional activity. Scatter was also classified as single or multiple. In summary, the data allow extraction of yields from unscattered and all types of scattered events. The effect of source position, both within and external to the FOV, on scatter was determined by performing a series of simulations with point sources and techniques similar to those described above. The effect of energy discriminator setting (with BGO detectors) was also studied and data sets were generated for five settings from 300 to 425 keV. Using a Zubal phantom with the lungs and heart in the FOV and the abdomen outside the FOV and with a 300 keV discriminator, we find a total scatter fraction of 57%. Of the total scatter, 7.4% comes from OFOV matter, and 24% from OFOV activity. If the discriminator is increased to 425 keV the scatter fraction drops to 36%. OFOV scatter, particularly from OFOV activity, becomes relatively less important with the OFOV matter contribution dropping to 5.3% and OFOV activity contribution to 17%. Additionally, the spatial distributions of scatter from external matter and external activity were found to be different.
Fault Current Measurements during Crush Testing of Electrically Parallel Lithium-Ion Battery Modules

Experimental data is presented from crush testing of 1S4P battery modules that quantifies the fault currents experienced by each cell after the onset of an internal short circuit. Combined with voltage and temperature measurements, the newly proposed method for measuring fault currents provides a more complete picture of the module failure during abusive crush. Short circuit resistance trends versus time are calculated from the current measurements, indicating approximately 20 milliohms resistance values prior to thermal runaway and resistive heat generation on the order of hundreds of watts. Language: en
Predictors of Mainstream Teachers´ Attitudes Toward ESL Students

Relatively little research exists on the nature of mainstream teachers' attitudes toward ESL students, nor is much known about the predictors of these attitudes. We report on a survey of 143 junior high/middle school mainstream teachers in a community of approximately 80,000 in the Great Plains region of the United States. On average, respondents had 15.5 years of teaching experience and had worked, over the previous 6 years, with 11.2 ESL students from 3.2 distinct regions of the world. Most reported a neutral to slightly positive attitude toward the prospect of teaching more ESL students in the future. The results support a multipredictor model of teachers' ESL-related attitudes. The predictors include completion of foreign language or multicultural education courses, ESL training, experience abroad, work with diverse ESL students, and gender. We suggest that these predictors collectively tap into a teacher's exposure to cultural diversity and that this exposure underlies positive ESL-related attitudes among mainstream teachers. Thus, we argue that preservice and in-service teachers should have increased opportunities for exposure to cultural diversity.
Glucocorticoid receptor ChIP-sequencing of subcutaneous fat reveals modulation of inflammatory pathways

Objective To identify glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-associated chromatin sequences and target genes in primary human abdominal subcutaneous fat. Methods GR chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing (seq) methodology in subcutaneous human adipocytes treated ex vivo with dexamethasone (dex) was optimized to identify genome-wide dex-dependent GR-binding regions (GBRs). Gene expression analyses were performed in parallel ± dex treatment. Results Fat was obtained from four female surgical patients without obesity with a median age of 50.5 years. ChIP-seq analysis revealed 219 dex-associated GBRs. Of these, 136 GBRs were located within 100 kb of the transcriptional start site and associated with 123 genes. Combining these data with dex-induced gene expression, 70 of the 123 putative direct target genes were significantly up- or downregulated following 4 hours of dex treatment. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that the top 10 pathways reflected regulation of cellular metabolism and inflammation. DEPTOR, an inhibitor of mTOR, was identified as a potential direct GR target gene. Conclusions This is the first report of genome-wide GR ChIP-seq and gene expression analysis in human fat. The results implicate regulation of key GR target genes that are involved in dampening inflammation and promoting cellular metabolism.
Developing Informatics Tools and Strategies for Consumer-centered Health Communication

As the emphasis on individuals' active partnership in health care grows, so does the public's need for effective, comprehensible consumer health resources. Consumer health informatics has the potential to provide frameworks and strategies for designing effective health communication tools that empower users and improve their health decisions. This article presents an overview of the consumer health informatics field, discusses promising approaches to supporting health communication, and identifies challenges plus direction for future research and development. The authors' recommendations emphasize the need for drawing upon communication and social science theories of information behavior, reaching out to consumers via a range of traditional and novel formats, gaining better understanding of the public's health information needs, and developing informatics solutions for tailoring resources to users' needs and competencies. This article was written as a scholarly outreach and leadership project by members of the American Medical Informatics Association's Consumer Health Informatics Working Group.
Biocompatibility assessment of synthetic sling materials for female stress urinary incontinence.

Purpose: We evaluated the performance and complications of currently available synthetic sling materials with a focus on in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility, and acceptance in the human body.Materials and Methods: We reviewed the MEDLINE® database for relevant literature pertaining to various synthetic sling materials. The Food and Drug Administration regulations regarding the regulation and biocompatibility testing of synthetic meshes were also reviewed.Results: Many synthetic meshes used for sling construction were introduced before rigorous Food and Drug Administration regulations were passed and, thus, some became associated with unique complications. Most meshes used in pubovaginal and mid urethral sling surgery are associated with high short-term success rates and relatively few intraoperative complications. Despite modifications and additives, slings constructed from polytetrafluoroethylene and polyethylene are poorly accepted by the human body. Flexible, macroporous, polypropylene meshes appear ...
Reading Versus Doing: The Relative Effects of Textbook-Based and Inquiry-Oriented Approaches to Science Learning in Special Education Classrooms

Students with learning disabilities in four special education classrooms studied two science units (magnetism and electricity, and rocks and minerals) via either an activity-based, inquiry-oriented approach or a textbook approach. The investigation was conducted over a 2-week period and employed a counterbalanced, withinsubjects design, in which all students received both treatments. Students performed significantly higher on immediate and delayed unit tests when they had learned by the inquiry-oriented approach, although vocabulary acquisition was limited in both conditions. Additionally, students reported overwhelming preference for activity-based learning over textbook approaches. Implications for special education are discussed.
The Middle American species of Peridinetus Schönherr (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Baridinae)

The weevil genus Peridinetus Schonherr is reviewed for mainland Middle America. Conophoria Casey is included in Peridinetus as a new junior synonym. Twenty-six species are recognized. Peridinetus ecuadoricus Casey stat. res., P. frontalis Chevrolat and P. pictus Kirsch are newly recorded for the study area. Newly described are P. illabes sp. n. (Panama), P. imperialis sp. n. (Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador), P. lugubris sp. n. (Costa Rica, Ecuador), P. notabilis sp. n. (Costa Rica), P. odone sp. n. (Costa Rica, Panama), P. pena sp. n. (Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama), P. rubens sp. n. (Costa Rica, Panama) and P. wyandoti sp. n. (Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador). The overlooked precedence of P. jelskii Chevrolat over P. maculiventris Chevrolat is reestablished. Conophoria cana dispersa Casey is a new junior synonym of P. canus Champion. Habitus images for most species and an identification key are provided.
On Spiritual Edgework: The Logic of Extreme Ritual Performances

Religion as a social form is constructed to provide adherents with a sense of empowerment and control. Rituals that involve a risk of physical or psychological injury or even death therefore would appear anomalous and indeed are frequently the objects of social scientific and journalistic denigration. Firewalking and serpent handling exemplify such rituals. I argue that these two radical ritual practices, which 1 term spiritual edgework, provide a valuable sociological window on how radical ritual practices are socially constructed. The social construction process involves the identification of a mythically relevant edge that offers: both contingency and certainty; individual and collective preparation for the impending edgework during which tensions are elevated for later ritual resolution; a ritualized process for successfully navigating the edge; and postedgework accounts that neutralize potential disconfirming injuries or deaths.
The Capacitance of a Parallel-Plate Capacitor by the Schwartz-Christoffel Transformation

AN EXACT method of calculating the capacitance of a parallel-plate air condenser, taking into account its fringing effect, has been suggested by J. J. Thomson 1 and more completely worked out by A. E. H. Love. 2 The purpose of this paper is to promote familiarity with this mathematical technique by making it more readily accessible to American engineers. In addition to the exact method, a number of approximate methods are included.
Toward a network hospitality

The growing popularity of online hospitality exchange networks like Couchsurfing and Airbnb point toward a new paradigm of sociality for a mobile and networked society as hospitable encounters among friends and strangers become entangled with social media and networking technologies. Inspired by Andreas Wittel’s notion of ‘network sociality’, this paper introduces the concept of ‘network hospitality’ to describe the kind of sociality that emerges around these new mobile, peer–to–peer, and online–to–off–line social networks. This article discusses five key features of network hospitality — sharing with strangers, feeling like a guest, engineering randomness, pop–up assemblages, and guests without hosts — and illustrates how network hospitality is implicated in the way people now ‘do togetherness’ online, off–line, and in between.
Multitaper spectrum sensing of OFDMA signals in frequency selective fading environment

This paper considers the problem of how to quickly and accurately identify spectrum holes from downlink orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) signals in frequency selective fading environment. We assume that the subcarrier assignment of primary users (PUs) in an OFDMA system is a priori known to the detector. Under this assumption, we formulate the original problem as the problem of detecting presence/absence of PUs, which requires less computational complexity than its original counterpart. We propose a spectrum sensing algorithm to detect presence/absence of a PU. In the proposed algorithm, we first apply the Thomson's multitaper spectrum estimation (MTSE) method to obtain spectral estimates at certain subcarriers of interest, and then we perform a simple threshold test. We present closed form results for false-alarm and miss-detection probabilities of the proposed algorithm. We study impacts of system/MTSE parameters on the detection performance via Monte Carlo simulation.
Shared Decision-making to Pursue, Withhold or Withdraw Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Failure

Clinical vignette A 72-year-old man is admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) of unclear etiology. Despite treatment with empiric antibiotics and diuresis, the patient’s hypoxia gradually worsened. On hospital admission, he stated that he did not want to be kept permanently alive on machines and because of this he chose a code status of ‘do-not-resuscitate and do-not-intubate’ (DNR/DNI). For the past 12 hours, he has required non-invasive ventilation (NIV) with a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 100% to maintain an oxygen saturation of 86%. Although his clinical status is not emergently declining, you feel that the patient would benefit from intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation. The patient reconsiders mechanical ventilation and tells you his primary concern is quality of life. He asks you about his chances of going home and getting back to his normal life if he were to be intubated.
Analysis and Design of Slow Build Studies During Sheet Metal Assembly Validations

Several manufacturers are adopting six sigma programs in efforts to reduce stamping variation. This requires the crucial step of establishing dimensional relationships for the stamping dimensional outputs that become key process inputs to the assembly process. This paper describes a methodology used to determine the root cause of dimensional changes in a front door assembly. Among the key findings in this study are the importance of understanding the effects of the datum-locating scheme and the significant influence of assembly processing variables, rather than stamping variability, on the final door assembly dimensional quality.
EVALUATION OF FACTORS TO INFLUENCE TEOHPYLLINE CLEARANCE IN YOUNG CHILDREN WITH ACUTE ASTHMA

We evaluated the factors which influenced theophylline clearance during continuous intravenous aminophylline infusion in young athmatic children less than 2 years of age. We examined the relationship between the theophylline clearance and various factors sach as age, sex, body weight, fever, diarrhea and vomiting, in each of four deviled age groups.We analyzed these relationship using multi variant analysiswith the rate of discrimination of 84%.Low age (especialy under 6 months old), fever and diarrhea decreased theophylline clearance, but sex, body weight and vomiting were not related to theophylline clearance.These resalts suggest that the be age, diarrhea and fever should be considered when we start the continuous intravenous aminophylline infusion.
PUCCINIA RUGISPORA : AN UNUSUAL MICROCYCLIC RUST ENDEMIC TO HAWAII

Puccinia rugispora, a recently-described microcyclic rust on the endemic forest tree Zanthox- ylum dipetalum (Rutaceae) in Hawaii, forms telia deep within the leathery leaf tissue of its host. Telio- spores exhibited unusual germination behavior by production of a sequence of two spherical vesicle-like germination structures from each cell rather than germ tubes or elongate metabasidia as in most rusts. A sterigma bearing a basidiospore was produced on one or both of the globoid segments. Direct produc- tion of a germ tube from the distal-most segment of the germination structure at times also was observed. Karyogamy occurred in the young teliospore, fol- lowed by migration of the nucleus into the germi- nation structure, where one or more mitotic divisions provided one or two large diploid nuclei for each segment. One of the nuclei migrated into the devel- oping basidiospore and underwent meiosis, produc- ing four small nuclei in the basidiospore. Whereas this behavior is atypical of the rusts in general, it agrees with unusual teliospore germination and nu- clear behaviors observed in other Hawaiian rusts which have evolved with their hosts in isolation from continental forms.
A Semi-Empirical Potential for Graphite

An Embedded Atom Method Model for graphite has been derived based on a short-range Morse two-body potential and an electron density function with both radial and angular terms. This part of the model involves interaction only within a hexagonal plane, and the interaction between planes is approximated by a Buckingham potential. The model is stable with respect to fcc, bcc, and diamond structures. The effective two-body potential is very small, indicating that defect properties are dominated by the noncentral many-body interactions.
Allelopathic interactions in crop-weed mixtures : Applications for weed management.

A very important component of the aggressive nature of weeds is allelopathic interference, the full potential of which is just being realized in the management of agroecosystems. Research results are presented which demonstrate the allelopathic interactions involved in a wide range of cropweed combinations occurring in a great variety of habitats. This includes crops planted in weed control, crops with allelopathic potential, and noncrop plants of beneficial use for weed control as a result of allelopathic interference. Allelopathy can play a beneficial role in multiple cropping systems, crop rotations, and cover cropping. The potential role for allelopathic interactions in the design of biological weed control is proposed.
STUDY ON BASIC PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLAXSEED POWDER

Flaxseed is abundant in many nutrients,such as polyunsaturated fatty acid,flaxseed gum,and lignan.Flaxseed has been gaining popularity in the health food market because of its reported health benefits and disease preventing properties,Physical properties including volume density,repose angle,sliding friction angle of flaxseed powder and the denaturation temperation of protein.The results showed that volume density decreased and repose angle and sliding friction angle increased with the decrease of crushed granularity.The denaturation temperation of protein in different moisture has been tested by Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC).The results show that denaturation temperation of protein is relatively high,which ranging between 129 ℃ and 143 ℃.There is significant relationship between denaturation temperation of protein and the moisture of flaxseed,that is the denaturation temperation of protein is going down while the water content increasing,which will be important theoritical information for further processing and utilization of flaxseed.
Association of egg zona pellucida glycoprotein mZP3 with sperm protein sp56 during fertilization in mice.

Purified mouse sperm receptor, a zona pellucida glycoprotein called mZP3, binds to plasma membrane overlying acrosome-intact sperm heads (P.M. Wassarman, 1999, Cell 96, 175-183). Some evidence suggests that mZP3 binds to sp56, a protein reported to be associated peripherally with the plasma membrane of acrosome-intact sperm heads (J.D. Bleil and P.M. Wassarman, 1990, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 87, 7215-7219; A. Cheng et al., 1994, J. Cell Biol. 125, 867-878). Here, we report that membrane vesicles prepared from acrosome-intact sperm contain sp56. When these vesicles are incubated with eggs they inhibit binding of sperm to eggs in vitro (ID50 approximately 50-100 microg protein/ml). On the other hand, a monoclonal antibody directed against sp56 relieves the inhibition of binding of sperm to eggs by membrane vesicles. As expected, incubation of intact sperm with the antibody directed against sp56 inhibits binding of the sperm to eggs. Results of immunoprecipitation of sperm extracts incubated with mZP3, by either a polyclonal antibody directed against mZP3 or a monoclonal antibody directed against sp56, suggest that mZP3 is specifically associated with sp56. Results of laser scanning confocal microscopy of fixed sperm probed with antibodies directed against either sp56 or a approximately 155 kDa acrosomal protein, suggest that the two proteins are present in the acrosome, but with different distributions. Furthermore, confocal images of sperm, fixed after exposure to purified mZP3 and probed with antibodies against mZP3 and sp56, reveal overlap between mZP3 and sp56 at the surface of the sperm head. The possible implications of these results are discussed in the context of mammalian fertilization.
Determination of Twenty-one Chloroanisoles in Water and Sediment Samples

Extraction des anisoles chlores en utilisant un appareil de Soxhlet et dosage par chromatographie gazeuse avec un detecteur a capture d'electrons
An automated system for phase identification and quantitative composition determination using the electron microprobe: Theory and applications

Previously developed methods of phase classification using the electron microprobe have been based on setting threshold values or relative ranks for wt% oxide values. These methods perform poorly for minerals that have a significant solid solution, and provide no mechanism for checking the accuracy of the analysis or the accuracy of the classification. Because of these limitations, previous algorithms for phase classification cannot be completely automated to yield high-quality phase classifications for a broad range of assemblages. A new algorithm for phase classification using a transformation from wt% oxide to cation and finally to additive/exchange components is introduced. This algorithm can be completely automated, evaluates the accuracy of the mineral analysis and phase classification, and provides quantitative information about the composition of the phase. The algorithm works by exploiting the least-squares nature of the transformation from wt% oxide to additive/exchange components. This transformation determines the stoichiometric model-mineral composition nearest to the actual mineral composition (in a weighted least-squares sense). The difference between the stoichiometric model composition and the actual composition is determined for all possible phases. The stoichiometric model that has the smallest difference between the model and actual composition and has permissible values for the exchange components identifies the phase. If no stoichiometric mineral model fulfills these requirements (non-permissible exchange components or large difference between actual and model compositions), then the analysis is either of poor quality or there is no stoichiometric model available for the phase being analyzed. The ability of this algorithm to provide robust, automated phase classification and compositional analysis allows the electron microprobe to be used for modal analysis, as well as analysis of compositional variation with a phase and many other applications. The MATLAB package APHID (Additive/exchange PHase IDentification) implements this algorithm.
Combining Empirical and Analytical Learning

There have been two principal approaches to the problem of concept learning. The first, empirical learning (also known as similarity-based learning), finds concept descriptions that best cover a set of training data without the use of an extensive theory of the domain. The candidate-elimination algorithm is one example of empirical learning. The second approach, analytical-learning (also known as explanation-based learning) (Mitchell et al., 1986; DeJong and Mooney, 1986), finds the weakest preconditions on a knowledge-based analysis of a single instance, forming a generalization that covers all instances that have the same analysis.
Introduction: Fernand Braudel and the Invention of a Modernist’s Mediterranean

The Introduction breaks new ground in Mediterranean Studies by re-examining the life and thought of a major figure in the discipline, Fernand Braudel. Braudel’s writing was shaped by his wartime experience, which was marked by technological advancements, huge movements of population, the spread of varied political ideologies, the breakdown of colonial and imperial power, and new innovations in the aesthetic expression of the human experience. Braudel is thus conceived as a modernist, and his Mediterranean was thus created within modernist political, aesthetic, and ideological contexts. This leads to a summary of the essays which comprise the volume, demonstrating the ways each address the fundamental tension of art influenced by competing visions of past and future, tradition and innovation, foreign and local.
The national landscape of human papillomavirus-associated oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma.

The head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNC) landscape is evolving with human papillomavirus (HPV) being a rising cause of oropharynx carcinoma (OPC). This study seeks to investigate a national database for HPV-associated oropharynx carcinoma (HPV-OPC). Using the National Cancer Data Base, we analyzed 22,693 patients with HPV-OPC and known HPV status. Chi-square tests and logistic regression models were utilized to examine differences between HPV positive and HPV negative OPC. 14,805 (65.2%) patients were HPV positive. Mean age at presentation was 58.4 years with HPV-HNC patients being 2.8 years younger compared to the HPV-negative cohort (58.4 vs. 61.2 years, p<0.001). 67.6% of white patients were HPV-positive compared to 42.3% of African American patients and 57.1% of Hispanics (p<0.001). When combining race and socioeconomic status (SES), we found African American patients in high SES groups had HPV-OPC prevalence that was significantly higher than African American patients in low SES groups (56.9% vs. 36.3%, p<0.001). Geographic distribution of HPV-OPC was also analyzed and found to be most prevalent in Western states and least prevalent in the Southern states (p<0.001). The distribution of HPV-OPC is variable across the country and among racial and socioeconomic groups. A broad understanding of these differences in HPV-OPC should drive educational programs and improve clinical trials that benefit both prevention and current treatments. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
“Fractured Reflections” of High-Status Black Male Presentations of Self: Nonrecognition of Identity as a “Tacit” Form of Institutional Racism

This article examines the effects of “tacit” expectations about race, which are institutionalized in an Interaction Order that frames how we “see” high-status occupational identity. There is an essential moment in presenting Self before Other(s) when it is the turn of the Other(s) to recognize, respond to, and ratify that presentation. The Self is a social accomplishment that requires mutual cooperation from others. Failure to recognize and ratify competent presentations of self, reported frequently by black men, can strip those presentations of the social identity they claim and the dignity, power, and authority associated with that identity. We argue that these “tacit” expectations about identity follow black men wherever they go—no matter how successful they are. Using accounts drawn from interviews, we examine the persistent failure of Others to recognize and ratify high-status black male identities and the legitimate authority they carry.
A low current high performance LNA for global positioning receiver applications

A low noise amplifier for Global Positioning System (GPS) applications has been designed and tested with good results. The amplifier can operate from 2-5 V with 1.0 dB NF and 18.4 dB of gain at 5 V and 6.5 mA. The device is packaged in a low cost 8 lead SOIC and features a DC coupled RF output for remote antenna applications.
Chromosomal chaos silences immune surveillance.

Not all cancers, and not all individuals with the same cancer type, respond equally to immunotherapy—the use of antibodies to block so-called immune checkpoints in T cells—thereby unleashing immune responses against tumor cells. This can be partially explained by nonsynonymous mutations, which can create neoantigen epitopes that induce T cell responses against cancer cells ( 1 ). However, such mutations scattered throughout the genome may or may not activate the immune system, and if they do, their effect wanes over time. Is there a role for other genomic abnormalities of cancer cells in immune surveillance beyond the generation of neoantigens? On page 261 of this issue, Davoli et al. ( 2 ) propose that structural abnormalities in chromosomes, including variation in the number of chromosome copies (aneuploidy), adversely affect immune cell action against the tumor.
Perceptions of poverty in America: using social empathy to reframe students’ attitudes

AbstractWithin this paper, a new course for first year social work students that targets the development of a nuanced understanding regarding issues of poverty in the United States will be explored. Using a framework of social empathy, this course uses multiple strategies to engage students in interpreting the cultural messages surrounding them, in personal circles and social media, and in the development of empathic understanding through exploring the stories of individuals experiencing poverty firsthand. Student attitudes on poverty were assessed before and after completing the course. Students’ views of welfare programs and those who use them as well as the causes of poverty, specifically, the belief that structural barriers contribute more to individuals’ lack of equal opportunity changed after completing the course. Implications for pedagogy, research, and practice will be discussed.
Subsistence Consumers as Lead Users: Life Transforming Products and Services From the Bottom of the Pyramid

This research uses four exemplars to illustrate the characteristics of subsistence consumer lead users. Its primary objective is to help companies that are seeking marketing success in emerging markets to better harness the innovative talents of their target consumers. Lead users are typically recognized for facing serious needs, experimenting with solutions, and being more focused on beneficial outcomes than commercial successes. This research finds that subsistence consumer lead users share these characteristics, but that they are also distinguishable for never-ceasing and sometimes compulsive experimentation, on account of materials’ shortages, that often compromises past successes. They are also distinctively recognizable for relying on the collective thinking and memory of their social network to track progress towards problem solutions.
Quality and readability of English-language internet information for aphasia

Purpose: Little is known about the quality and readability of treatment information in specific neurogenic disorders, such as aphasia. The purpose of this study was to assess quality and readability of English-language Internet information available for aphasia treatment.Method: Forty-three aphasia treatment websites were aggregated using five different country-specific search engines. Websites were then analysed using quality and readability assessments. Statistical calculations were employed to examine website ratings, differences between website origin and quality and readability scores, and correlations between readability instruments.Result: Websites exhibited low quality with few websites obtaining Health On the Net (HON) certification or clear, thorough information as measured by the DISCERN. Regardless of website origin, readability scores were also poor. Approximate educational levels required to comprehend information on aphasia treatment websites ranged from 13 to 16 years of education....