cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MEK Inhibition Leads to PI3K/AKT Activation by Relieving a Negative Feedback on ERBB Receptors

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathways are activated in a wide range of human cancers. In many cases, concomitant inhibition of both pathways is necessary to block proliferation and induce cell death and tumor shrinkage. Several feedback systems have been described in which inhibition of one intracellular pathway leads to activation of a parallel signaling pathway, thereby decreasing the effectiveness of single-agent targeted therapies. In this study, we describe a feedback mechanism in which MEK inhibition leads to activation of PI3K/AKT signaling in EGFR and HER2-driven cancers. We found that MEK inhibitor-induced activation of PI3K/AKT resulted from hyperactivation of ERBB3 as a result of the loss of an inhibitory threonine phosphorylation in the conserved juxtamembrane domains of EGFR and HER2. Mutation of this amino acid led to increased ERBB receptor activation and upregulation of the ERBB3/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which was no longer responsive to MEK inhibition. Taken together, these results elucidate an important, dominant feedback network regulating central oncogenic pathways in human cancer.
EXT1 regulates chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation during endochondral bone development

Multiple Hereditary Exostoses (MHE) is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder most frequently caused by mutations in the EXT1 gene. MHE affects proper development of endochondral bones, such that all affected individuals present with exostoses adjacent to the growth plate of long bones, while some individuals exhibit additional bone deformities. EXT1 functions as a heparan sulfate (HS) co-polymerase, and when defective causes improper elongation of glycosaminoglycan side chains on core proteins of HS proteoglycans. Although analysis of heterozygous EXT1-deficient mice has failed to reveal any significant gross morphological variations in skeletal development, significant alterations in molecular signaling occur in the developing long bones. Our results indicate that defects in EXT1 and the resulting reduction in HS lead to enhanced Indian Hedgehog diffusion causing an increase in chondrocyte proliferation and delayed hypertrophic differentiation.
Diet of Barn Owls (Tyto alba) in Northern Belize

Abstract Diet of the barn owl (Tyto alba) has been well studied in temperate regions of the world, but there is a notable paucity of dietary data from the Neotropics. In this study, we examined diet of barn owls at Gold Button Lagoon in northern Belize. Pellets and prey remains were collected at roosting sites during 1997–1998. Diet was composed primarily of small mammals. Sigmodon hispidus was the most common prey in terms of frequency of occurrence and biomass, with lesser numbers of other rodents being consumed. Similar to other reports for the Neotropics, barn owls in our study consumed relatively larger prey than conspecifics inhabiting temperate regions. Birds and amphibians were a minor component of diet.
Measuring Producers' Risk Preferences: A Global Risk-Attitude Construct

In applied agricultural economic research various risk-attitude elicitation techniques are used. Here, we investigate whether risk-attitude measures rooted in the expected utility framework are related to measures rooted in the multi-item scale framework. Using a second-order factor analytical model, and data obtained from personal computer-guided interviews with 373 farmers, we investigate whether the common variance among the (latent) risk-attitude measures can be accounted for by a global risk-attitude construct. We find that the different risk-attitude measures are related, and that the global risk-attitude construct is significantly related to farmers’ intention to use futures contracts. Our research suggests that farmers’ risk attitude is a higher-order characteristic that cannot be effectively extracted by a single measure. In empiricalstudies deal ing with risk, risk attitudes and producers’ market behavior various risk-attitude measures are used. Two major approaches to quantify directly farmers’ risk attitudes can be distinguished: measures derived from the expected utility framework, and measures derived from responses to multi-item scales (e.g., Antle; Chavas and Holt; Goodwin and Schroeder; Saha, Shumway, and Talpaz; Smidts). The purpose of this research is to test whether risk-attitude measures rooted in the expected utility framework are related to the risk-attitude scales rooted in the multiitem scale approach and, if so, whether these risk-attitude measures share a common
Molecular characterization of the 5′ end of the rudimentary gene in Drosophila and analysis of three P element insertions

A detailed analysis of the 5' end of the rudimentary gene of Drosophila melanogaster is presented. Rudimentary transcripts are heterogeneous at their 5' ends indicating that transcription is initiated at multiple sites within a region of approximately 50 bp. These transcription initiation sites are within a region that is preferentially susceptible to nuclease cleavage in isolated nuclei. Additional nuclease hypersensitive regions were found within the first exon and the first intron. Within these internal nuclease hypersensitive regions are the insertion sites for previously identified P element transposons which disrupt rudimentary expression. One of these P element insertions, located in the first intron, is removed from the rudimentary transcript with the splicing of this intron. Another P element insertion, within the first exon, is removed from the rudimentary transcript by novel first intron splicing involving a cryptic splice donor site, located 5' to the insertion, and either the normal acceptor site or a cryptic splice acceptor site within the second exon.
Reaction Path Hamiltonian Analysis of Dynamical Solvent Effects for a Claisen Rearrangement and a Diels−Alder Reaction

The solvent effects for a Claisen rearrangement and a Diels-Alder reaction are investigated. Electronic structure methods are used to generate the frequencies, couplings, and curvatures along the minimum energy paths for these reactions in the gas phase and in the presence of two water molecules. The geometries and charge distributions along the minimum energy paths are analyzed to determine the structural and electrostatic roles of the water molecules. Reactive flux molecular dynamics methods based on a reaction path Hamiltonian are used to calculate the dynamical transmission coefficients, which account for recrossings of the transition state. The transmission coefficients for the Claisen rearrangement are nearly unity both in the gas phase and in the presence of two water molecules. The transmission coefficients for the Diels-Alder reaction are 0.95 and 0.89 in the gas phase and in the presence of two water molecules, respectively. These differences in the transmission coefficients are explained in terms of the locations and magnitudes of the curvature peaks along the reaction path, as well as the shape of the potential energy along the reaction coordinate near the transition state. Analysis of the dynamical trajectories provides insight into the dynamical role of the water molecules and elucidates possible reaction mechanisms.
Inventory Management for Minimum Cost

One of the most popular types of inveatoiy management is the Q, r system, in which a quantity Q of an item is reordered whenever the inventory position reaches the reorder point r. A number of packaged computer programs are available for this system. However, these programs seldom give the minimum-cost values of Q and r, since they usually employ the Wilson Economic Order Quantity. Use of the Wilson EOQ may result in substantial excess costs, particularly for items of high annual cash flow. This article describes graphical and algebraic methods suitable for computer application to determine accurately the minimum-cost values of Q and r, employing either dollar stockout penalties or specified service levels. Both the single-item and aggregate inventory cases are included. The methods described can readily be implied on most computers and can result in significant cost savings.
A radio multiplexing architecture for high throughput point to multipoint wireless networks

WiFi-based point-to-multipoint systems are a cost-effective solution for providing high-bandwidth connectivity to remote rural regions. However, current point-to-multipoint deployments are hampered by several challenges. Their capacity to support a large number of clients simply by increasing the number of radios at the base station is limited because space restrictions on radio towers bound the number of antennas that can be installed at one physical location. Also the limited availability of wireless channels restricts the number of clients that can be simultaneously supported by a base station at any point of time.In this paper, we explore high-throughput architectures for point-to-multipoint networks. We show how we can increase the number of radios at the base station without increasing the number of antennas simultaneously. We propose a simple yet practical multiplexing design that uses cheap RF combiner/splitter devices for multiplexing several radios onto a single antenna. We also examine a more general design that uses RF switches, and which allows us to allocate radios to antennas dynamically based on client traffic demands.As a proof of concept, we demonstrate and evaluate the simple case of combining up to three radios operating on different channels onto only one antenna, using off-the-shelf combiner/splitters and attenuators. We show that not only is such a design feasible, but also that the achieved link throughput in both directions is as good as the one obtained by using separate antennas for each radio, as long as we provide sufficient RF isolation between the multiplexed radios.
Mechanism by Which Superoxide Potentiates Tubuloglomerular Feedback

The macula densa detects changes in NaCl concentration in tubular fluid and transmits a feedback signal, known as tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF), which helps to control glomerular afferent arteriole resistance. We and other investigators have reported that synthesis of NO in the macula densa inhibits TGF. NO can be scavenged by superoxide (O(-)(2)) to form peroxynitrite, effectively reducing the bioavailability of NO; there is growing evidence that O(-)(2) regulates vascular tone in the kidney. We hypothesized that O(-)(2) produced in the macula densa enhances TGF and this effect acts only in an autocrine manner within the cells of the macula densa. Afferent arterioles and attached macula densas from Sprague-Dawley rats were simultaneously microperfused in vitro and TGF response examined before and after perfusing the tubular lumen, bath, or vascular lumen with a superoxide scavenger. The macula densa was perfused with solutions containing either 5 mmol/L Na(+) and 3 mmol/L Cl(-) (low NaCl) or 80 mmol/L Na(+) and 77 mmol/L Cl(-) (high NaCl) while keeping pressure in the afferent arteriole constant at 60 mm Hg. When 10(-4) M Tempol, a stable membrane-permeant superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic, was added to the tubular lumen, it inhibited TGF by 56% (before Tempol: TGF, 3.2 +/- 0.3 microm; after Tempol: TGF, 1.4 +/- 0.2 microm; n=6; P<0.05, control versus Tempol). Adding Tempol to the bath inhibited TGF by 48% (before Tempol: TGF, 2.5 +/- 0.25 microm; after Tempol: TGF, 1.3 +/- 0.18 microm; n=6; P<0.05). However, adding Tempol to the vessel lumen did not change TGF response significantly (before Tempol: TGF, 2.7 +/- 0.37 microm; after Tempol: TGF, 3.2 +/- 0.25 microm; n=7; P=0.25). When 300 U/mL of the enzyme SOD, which is not membrane-permeant, was added to either the tubular lumen or bath, it had no effect on TGF response. Finally, to determine whether the effect of O(-)(2) in the macula densa is mediated by its scavenging of NO, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) was added to the macula densa to inhibit neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). In the presence of 7-NI, Tempol had no effect (7-NI only: TGF, 3.0 +/- 0.4 microm; 7-NI plus Tempol: TGF, 2.8 +/- 0.5 microm; n=6; P=0.343). Our findings suggest that (1) reducing O(-)(2) increases the bioavailability of NO, which inhibits TGF, (2) both O(-)(2) and NO act within the macula densa, and (3) O(-)(2) appears to have no effect on its own.
Taste Confusions Following Chlorhexidine Treatment

Chlorhexidine, a bitter bis-biguanide antiseptic, is the only known blocker of the human salty taste. In order to characterize the effects of chlorhexidine on stimulus identification, taste confusion matrix (TCM) performance was measured for subjects treated with 1.34 mM chlorhexidine gluconate (n = 9) and water controls (n = 9). Ten stimuli [water, 0.1 M NaCl, 0.1 M KCl, 0.1 mM quinine-HCl (QHCl), 0.1 M monosodium glutamate (MSG), 3 mM citric acid, 0.3 M sucrose and mixtures of NaCl, QHCl and citric acid with sucrose] were presented in 10 replicates for identification from a list of 10 stimulus names. T(10), a measure of performance consistency from information theory, was lower for chlorhexidine-treated subjects (2.02 +/- 0.11 bits) than controls (2.73 +/- 0.11 bits) (P < 0.0001). T(2), an indirect measure of pairwise stimulus discrimination, approached chance levels (0.40 bit) in chlorhexidine-treated subjects for all possible pairs of NaCl, KCl, QHCl and water, as well as pairs composed of sucrose and the NaCl-sucrose and quinine-sucrose mixtures. In controls T(2) values approached perfect scores (1.00 bit) for all stimulus pairs except NaCl-KCl and NaCl-MSG. The results demonstrate a decreased ability to identify taste stimuli that is consistent with alterations in the ability of stimuli to elicit salty and bitter taste perceptions. As a selective, effective, persistent and reversible blocker of taste perceptions, chlorhexidine should prove useful in defining taste mechanisms in humans.
TGIF2 interacts with histone deacetylase 1 and represses transcription.

TG-interacting factor (TGIF) is a transcriptional repressor, which represses transcription by binding directly to DNA or interacts with transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-activated Smads, thereby repressing TGFβ-responsive gene expression. Mutation of TGIF in humans causes holoprosencephaly, a severe genetic disorder affecting craniofacial development. Searching human expressed sequence tag data bases revealed the presence of clones encoding a TGIF-related protein (TGIF2), which contains two regions of high sequence identity with TGIF. Here we show that, like TGIF, TGIF2 recruits histone deacetylase, but in contrast to TGIF, is unable to interact with the corepressor CtBP. TGIF2 and TGIF have very similar DNA-binding homeodomains, and TGIF2 represses transcription when bound to DNA via a TGIF binding site. TGIF2 interacts with TGFβ-activated Smads and represses TGFβ-responsive transcription. TGIF2 appears to be a context-independent transcriptional repressor, which can perform similar functions to TGIF and may play a role in processes, which, when disrupted by mutations in TGIF, cause holoprosencephaly.
Expression of Sporophytic Storage Proteins in the Corm of the Quillwort (Isoetes echinospora Dur.)

Parenchyma cells from the corm tissue of the aquatic lycopod Isoetes echinospora Dur. were shown by electron microscopy to be packed with amyloplasts, lipid bodies, and protein bodies. The protein bodies are morphologically similar to those identified in seeds and certain vegetative tissues of higher plants. Globoid-containing protein bodies (1-10 [mu]m) isolated in a sucrose gradient possessed a buoyant density of 1.28 g/mL and contained globulin (salt-soluble) proteins. Sucrose gradient centrifugation of crude globulins revealed only two components with mean sedimentation coefficients of approximately 2S and 11S. The 2S component, designated VSP-IsA, was composed of a 15.7-kD polypeptide. The 11S component, designated VSP-IsB, had a molecular mass of 215 kD as estimated by gel filtration and was composed of 39- to 42-kD polypeptides. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed constituent polypeptides distinguished by differences in net charge and molecular mass. Affinity-purified antibodies against VSP-IsA and VSP-IsB prepared and used as probes on immunoblots cross-react only with their specific antigens, suggesting that the proteins are not immunologically related. Indirect immunolocalization studies confirmed that VSP-IsB is deposited in protein bodies. These globulin proteins, like those from some seeds, form the principal storage reserves of the corm tissue.
Bias Correction and Forecast Skill of NCEP GFS Ensemble Week-1 and Week-2 Precipitation, 2-m Surface Air Temperature, and Soil Moisture Forecasts

AbstractA simple bias correction method was used to correct daily operational ensemble week-1 and week-2 precipitation and 2-m surface air temperature forecasts from the NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS). The study shows some unexpected and striking features of the forecast errors or biases of both precipitation and 2-m surface air temperature from the GFS. They are dominated by relatively large-scale spatial patterns and low-frequency variations that resemble the annual cycle. A large portion of these forecast errors is removable, but the effectiveness is time and space dependent. The bias-corrected week-1 and week-2 ensemble precipitation and 2-m surface air temperature forecasts indicate some improvements over their raw counterparts. However, the overall levels of week-1 and week-2 forecast skill in terms of spatial anomaly correlation and root-mean-square error are still only modest. The dynamical soil moisture forecasts (i.e., land surface hydrological model forced with bias-corrected precipitation a...
Consequential egalitarianism vs. accountability principle: an experimental investigation

ABSTRACTWe conducted a laboratory experiment to investigate how people’s fairness views and redistribution depend on different rooted risks, specifically whether the risk is exogenously assigned in a ‘pure-luck’ control assignment or endogenously chosen by subjects in an ‘option-luck’ treatment. This experiment examines two contradictory views about distributive justice, namely consequential egalitarianism and the accountability principle (AP). The results show widespread support for the view of AP when participants have the opportunity to alleviate the risks.
Evidence for a Kππ enhancement in π p interactions at 7 GeV/c

Stranger particle in π−p intetactions at 7 GeV/c has been studied. We report here the analysis on two six body final states studied, e.g. π− p → Λ K π π π π → N K K π π π π. There is evidence for an enhancement in the Kππ system at 1256 ± 8 MeV with Γ = 45 MeV, which cannot be attributed to any kinematic effects. This enhancement has a value of T3 = 12 and a strangeness S = ±1, It seems to be produced in the forward direction.
Cystic fibrosis and beta-adrenergic response of airway epithelial cell cultures

Confluent cell sheets were cultured from the tracheal epithelium of normal humans or from tracheal and nasal epithelia of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Changes in short-circuit current (Isc) or cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in response to 10(-5) M isoproterenol were measured. In CF tracheal cells the response to isoproterenol was transient, and the maximal increase in Isc was one-tenth normal. In CF nasal cells, isoproterenol or epinephrine caused only small transient increases in Isc. However, in both CF nasal and tracheal cells, the Ca ionophore, A23187, caused relatively large increases in Isc that were inhibited by the Cl transport blocker, bumetanide, suggesting that Cl secretion can be induced by raising intracellular levels of Ca. In normal tracheal cell sheets, cAMP levels increased within 15 s of isoproterenol addition and continued to increase for up to 20 min. Resting levels of cAMP in CF tracheal cells were not statistically different from those of normal cells and showed linear increases for up to 4 min after addition of isoproterenol. Changes in cAMP in CF nasal cells were similar to the changes in CF tracheal cells. After 2 min, all three cell types showed cAMP levels elevated approximately equal to 10-fold. These results suggest that receptor-activated stimulation of adenylate cyclase is normal in CF. However, though raised cAMP levels stimulate Cl secretion in normal, they are unable to do so in CF airway epithelial cells.
Structural analogues of puromycin in production of experimental nephrosis in rats.

SummaryOf 5 structural analogues of Puromycin that were investigated, only one, 6-dimethyl-amino-purine-3-amino-d-ribo-side, produced a nephrotic syndrome in rats. The specific structural configuration necessary to induce this syndrome is discussed.
Change in yhe Optical Properties of Sapphire Induced by Ion Implantation

We have studied the formation of nano-crystals, after implantation of 2.0 MeV gold, 1.5 MeV silver, 160 keV copper and 160 keV tin into single crystal of A12O3. We also studied the change in the linear optical properties of the implanted Al2O3 before and after subsequent annealing by measuring the increase in resonance optical absorption. Applying Doyles's theory and the results obtained from Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) as well as the full width half maximum of the absorption band from Optical Absorption Photospectrometry (OAP), we measured the average size of the metallic clusters for each sample after heat treatment. The formation and crystallinity of the nanoclusters were also confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique.
Pricing and profits: marketing for maximization.

The pricing of a restaurant's menu continues to be a complex task if it is to be accomplished effectively. Theories abound which recommend one pricing strategy over another. Many theories focus exclusively upon the cost approach, at the expense of other factors which should not be overlooked. Demand-based pricing is recommended as a potentially effective way to increase revenues during traditionally slow periods while covering costs and maintaining profitability. Existing theories are reviewed and traffic building strategies are recommended.
Performance of Effective Core Potentials for Density Functional Calculations on 3d Transition Metals

The performance of popular Hartree–Fock-based effective core potentials in Hartree–Fock and density functional calculations of 3d transition metals has been evaluated by basis-set convergence studies for ten cases: the equilibrium bond dissociation energy (De) for dissociation of ground-state Ti2 to ground and excited atoms, the ground-state dissociation energies of FeO, Cu2, ScH, TiH, Sc2, Fe2, and TiV+, and the first excitation energy (Ex) of Ti atom. Each case is studied with 11 or 13 density functionals. For comparison, the accuracy of the all-electron def2-TZVP basis set is tested with both relativistic and nonrelativistic treatments. Convergence and accuracy are assessed by comparing to relativistic all-electron calculations with a nearly complete relativistic basis set (NCBS-DK, which denotes the cc-pV5Z-DK basis set for 3d metals and hydrogen and the ma-cc-pV5Z-DK basis set for oxygen) and to nonrelativistic all-electron calculations with a nearly complete nonrelativistic basis set (NCBS-NR, which...
EFFECT OF HIGH-FREQUENCY CURRENT HEATING ONLINE PROCESS ON MICROSTRUCTURES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTY OF STAINLESS STEEL/CARBON STEEL CLADDING STRIP

By using a self-manufactured high frequency current heating on-line/roll-bonding device the preparation technology of stainless steel/carbon steel cladding strip was studied.The main parameter of high-frequency current was determined according to the results of simulation of temperature field.The effect of on-line process on the microstructure and property of cladding strip were analyzed by comparing with the general hot rolling bonding.The results showed that the prepared cladding strip has high properties,such as the reduction rate of(25—30)%,low work-hardening,no brittle"carbon-poor layer"on the interface,and the elongation exceeding 40% after annealing.The oxidation problem of base metal under all the stages was solved and only a little oxidation appeared on the surface of stainless steel.The distribution of temperature in heating zone is reasonable,so the process has the predominant characteristic of qnick heating rate and high heat efficiency.
Risks for myocardial infarction or nonstroke vascular death after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack were each 2% per year.

Source Citation Touze E, Varenne O, Chatellier G, et al. Risk of myocardial infarction and vascular death after transient ischemic attack and ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis....
Rapid parallel systems deployment: techniques for overnight clustering

Automated system deployment frameworks and configuration management systems have been in wide use for a number of years. However, due to increasing pressures to maintain high availability, coupled with the price effects of commodity servers, administrators may be required to deploy large numbers of systems in shorter time frames than is normally possible with available staff. In this paper, we describe a straightforward procedure using commonly-available infrastructure to enable rapid simultaneous deployment of hundreds of machines by temporary staff. As an example of the efficacy of this approach, we present a case study in rapid systems deployment at Purdue University. On May 5th, we deployed Purdue's "Steele" cluster, installing over 500 compute nodes in a single business day.
Influence of skew on the added mass and damping characteristics of marine propellers

Abstract The objective of this work is to investigate the influence of skew on the added mass and damping matrices, which govern the vibration characteristics of the propulsion system. A 3-D curved lifting line model is developed to predict the propeller performance, and the model is validated with experimental measurements of the open water performance for the classic DTMB propellers 4381–4384 with varying skew. To compute the added mass and damping matrices of skewed propellers, the 3-D curved lifting line model is coupled with 2-D unsteady thin foil theory. The added mass and damping predictions are validated with published numerical data and empirical equations for a propeller with moderate skew. The added mass and damping characteristics of DTMB propellers 4381–4384 are calculated, and the influence of skew on these characteristics is discussed. The results show that skew affects the coupled motions with the sway, heave, pitch, and yaw components of the added mass and damping matrices, while the influence on the surge and roll components is negligible.
Rapid, Respiration-independent Binding of Alkali Metal Cations by Rat Liver Mitochondria

Abstract When rat liver mitochondria suspended in salt-free 0.25 m sucrose solution are mixed with weakly buffered solutions of NaCl, the suspending medium undergoes very rapid acidification. This reaction was found to proceed in the absence of electron transport. The amount of acid produced increased with increasing NaCl concentration, with increasing initial pH, and with increasing concentration of mitochondria. The H+ released exceeded 35 nmoles per mg of protein. Similar effects were given when NaCl was replaced by chlorides of other univalent cations; the relative activities were Li+ g NH4+ g choline+ g Na+ g K+ g Rb+ g Tris+. The acidification requires the presence of a salt; as little as 2.5 mm NaCl produced measurable H+ release. Acid-base titration curves of intact rat liver mitochondria were increasingly displaced to the acid side by increasing NaCl concentration. Flame photometry of mitochondria isolated after mixing with NaCl (or LiCl) solutions showed that Na+ (or Li+) was bound to the mitochondria in an amount that was equimolar to H+ released. This interaction was not intrinsically affected by 2,4-dinitrophenol, gramicidin, or valinomycin. During binding of Na+ and equimolar release of H+, endogenous K+ and Mg++ were lost from the mitochondria to the medium in the absence of valinomycin or other permeability-inducing agents. These observations on binding of alkali metal cations appear to provide a possible basis for their action in increasing the Ca++:O accumulation ratio during energy-linked Ca++ uptake to superstoichiometric levels.
The Missing Link: The Use of Link Words and Phrases as a Link to Manuscript Quality

In this article, I provide a typology of transition words/phrases. This typology comprises 12 dimensions of link words/phrases that capture 277 link words/phrases. Using QDA Miner, WordStat, and SPSS—a computer-assisted mixed methods data analysis software, content analysis software, and statistical software, respectively—I analyzed 74 manuscripts that were submitted to the journal Research in the Schools over a 2-year period ( i.e. , 2014-2015). Among other results, these analyses revealed the most common link words/phrases and the most common dimensions of link words/phrases, as well as the dimensions that best predicted whether or not a manuscript was rejected by the editor.
Advances in GPU reliability research

While the popularity of using graphics processing units (GPUs) as massively parallel co-processors has increased dramatically over the last 10 years, improvements in GPU reliability have lagged behind adoption. GPUs are first and foremost gaming products, and therefore usually do not demand high reliability. However, GPUs are now being used to accelerate applications in medical imaging, nuclear science, materials science, social science, finance, and more that all require extremely high reliability. GPUs have even made their way into high-node-count data centers and many of the fastest supercomputers in the world, exacerbating system failure rates. Thus GPU reliability in these high-node-count environments has become an urgent, first-class design constraint. This chapter surveys the state-of-the-art research in GPU reliability in the context of the large, existing body of research on CPU reliability techniques.
NR4A proteins and neutrophil lifespan.

In this issue of Blood , Prince et al provide fundamental insight into the function of proteins in the NR4A orphan nuclear receptor protein family, identifying NR4A2 and NR4A3 as critical regulators of neutrophil lifespan and homeostasis, and demonstrating that they act via a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein kinase A (PKA)–dependent mechanism. 1
Analytical solutions of superadiabatic filtration combustion

Abstract Analytical solutions for superadiabatic filtration combustion of lean methane-air mixtures in a monolithic porous burner are sought. The one-dimensional, local volume-averaged equations of energy and species conservation that assume a non-thermal equilibrium (i.e., the two-medium treatment), are converted by a coordinate transformation using a combustion wave speed and solved to obtain close-form solutions. A parametric examination varying inlet gas velocity, fuel equivalence ratio, porosity, and thermal conductivity and diffusivity of the solid phase of the porous burner proves the validity of the analytical solutions which are in an excellent agreement with the numerical benchmark. The analytical solutions depict the key features of the filtration combustion such as non-thermal equilibrium between the solid and gas phases, superadiabatic flame temperature, and internal heat recirculation between solid and gas phases of the porous burner.
Breaking the News: How the Media Undermine American Democracy. By James Fallows

(1996). Breaking the News: How the Media Undermine American Democracy. By James Fallows. Argumentation and Advocacy: Vol. 33, SPECIAL ISSUE (FALL 1996), pp. 105-107.
Association Between US State Medical Cannabis Laws and Opioid Prescribing in the Medicare Part D Population.

Importance Opioid-related mortality increased by 15.6% from 2014 to 2015 and increased almost 320% between 2000 and 2015. Recent research finds that the use of all pain medications (opioid and nonopioid collectively) decreases in Medicare Part D and Medicaid populations when states approve medical cannabis laws (MCLs). The association between MCLs and opioid prescriptions is not well understood. Objective To examine the association between prescribing patterns for opioids in Medicare Part D and the implementation of state MCLs. Design, Setting, and Participants Longitudinal analysis of the daily doses of opioids filled in Medicare Part D for all opioids as a group and for categories of opioids by state and state-level MCLs from 2010 through 2015. Separate models were estimated first for whether the state had implemented any MCL and second for whether a state had implemented either a dispensary-based or a home cultivation only–based MCL. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome measure was the total number of daily opioid doses prescribed (in millions) in each US state for all opioids. The secondary analysis examined the association between MCLs separately by opioid class. Results From 2010 to 2015 there were 23.08 million daily doses of any opioid dispensed per year in the average state under Medicare Part D. Multiple regression analysis results found that patients filled fewer daily doses of any opioid in states with an MCL. The associations between MCLs and any opioid prescribing were statistically significant when we took the type of MCL into account: states with active dispensaries saw 3.742 million fewer daily doses filled (95% CI, −6.289 to −1.194); states with home cultivation only MCLs saw 1.792 million fewer filled daily doses (95% CI, −3.532 to −0.052). Results varied by type of opioid, with statistically significant estimated negative associations observed for hydrocodone and morphine. Hydrocodone use decreased by 2.320 million daily doses (or 17.4%) filled with dispensary-based MCLs (95% CI, −3.782 to −0.859; P = .002) and decreased by 1.256 million daily doses (or 9.4%) filled with home-cultivation–only-based MCLs (95% CI, −2.319 to −0.193; P = .02). Morphine use decreased by 0.361 million daily doses (or 20.7%) filled with dispensary-based MCLs (95% CI, −0.718 to −0.005; P = .047). Conclusions and Relevance Medical cannabis laws are associated with significant reductions in opioid prescribing in the Medicare Part D population. This finding was particularly strong in states that permit dispensaries, and for reductions in hydrocodone and morphine prescriptions.
Adaptive and multi-mode baseband systems for next generation wireless communication

System adaptivity has been studied since the mid-60s and recently there has been a surge in interest in self-adaptive systems, especially in the software engineering community, with its main application to cybernetics. In this work, we apply self-adaptivity to multi-mode baseband processing systems for 5G wireless communications to exploit channel characteristics to modify the computation of digital baseband processing subsystems for energy savings. The gains from self-adaptivity are exemplified in the design of lattice reduction aided MIMO detection and extended out to other baseband subsystems such as multi-mode FIR filters, and multi-point FFT computation.
Kraus, R. (1997). Recreation and Leisure in Modern Society (5th ed.)

(1997). Kraus, R. (1997). Recreation and Leisure in Modern Society (5th ed.) SCHOLE: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 151-153.
Right Renal Mass with Vena Caval Thrombus

This case illustrates the difficulties that sometimes occur in the evaluation of patients with a nonfunctioning kidney. Because of the clinical presentation, suggestive of renal cell carcinoma, no urinary cytology study was obtained from the affected kidney. This study certainly would have led to the correct diagnosis. Despite this fact, the operative management would not have changed except for complete removal of the ureter. In our case we elected to follow the distal ureter by ureteral washings and ureteroscopy during follow-up cystoscopy studies to preclude a further operation. Although no data are available on the role of adjuvant therapy in these patients, because of the poor prognosis associated with such extensive disease we gave our patient 2 courses of M-VAC in an attempt to prevent progression of the disease.
Partially Coherent Vortex Beams in the Atmosphere

We investigate, through simulations, the robustness of vortices in partially coherent beams propagating through atmospheric turbulence. Several classes of partially coherent vortex beams are considered.
Mild, moderate and severe: terminology implications for clinical and experimental traumatic brain injury.

Purpose of review When describing clinical or experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI), the adjectives 'mild,' 'moderate' and 'severe' are misleading. 'Mild' clinical TBI frequently results in long-term disability. 'Severe' rodent TBI actually resembles mild or complicated mild clinical TBI. Recent findings Many mild TBI patients appear to have recovered completely but have postconcussive symptoms, deficits in cognitive and executive function and reduced cerebral blood flow. After moderate TBI, 31.8% of patients died or were discharged to skilled nursing or hospice. Among survivors of moderate and severe TBI, 44% were unable to return to work. On MRI, 88% of mild TBI patients have evidence of white matter damage, based on measurements of fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity/apparent diffusion coefficient. After sports concussion, clinically recovered patients have abnormalities in functional connectivity on functional MRI. Methylphenidate improved fatigue and cognitive impairment and, combined with cognitive rehabilitation, improved memory and executive functioning. In comparison to clinical TB, because the entire spectrum of experimental rodent TBI, although defined as moderate or severe, more closely resembles mild or complicated mild clinical TBI. Summary Many patients after mild or moderate TBI suffer long-term sequelae and should be considered a major target for translational research. Treatments that improve outcome in rodent TBI, even when the experimental injuries are defined as severe, might be most applicable to mild or moderate TBI.
2.06 – Comparative Hepatotoxicology☆

People and animals are exposed to many of the same chemicals through intentional administration of pharmaceutical compounds or accidentally in the environment. One Health is the combined effort of multiple disciplines working toward better health for people, animals, and the environment with the understanding that the health of each is inextricably connected to the others. In our environment, an understanding of the comparative aspects, that is, the species similarities and differences, in absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion of compounds in animals can result in a much better understanding of the effects of pharmaceutical drugs in humans and enable better predictions of those effects. Whether this exposure will be to natural plant or animal toxins or to man-made toxicants can vary widely because of potentially drastic differences in the environment, such as those of a pet poodle compared to a wild coyote. In addition, since people and their pets live in the same environment, pet animals can sometimes act as sentinels for exposure to some toxicants.
Rapid, population-wide declines in stem cell number and activity during reproductive aging in C. elegans

C. elegans hermaphrodites display dramatic age-related decline of reproduction early in life, while somatic functions are still robust. To understand reproductive aging, we analyzed the assembly line of oocyte production that generates fertilized eggs. Aging germlines displayed both sporadic and population-wide changes. A small fraction of aging animals displayed endomitotic oocytes in the germline and other defects. By contrast, all animals displayed age-related decreases in germline size and function. As early as day 3 of adulthood, animals displayed fewer stem cells and a slower cell cycle, which combine to substantially decrease progenitor zone output. The C. elegans germline is the only adult tissue that contains stem cells, allowing the analysis of stem cells in aging. To investigate the mechanism of the decrease in stem cell number, we analyzed the Notch signaling pathway. The Notch effectors LST-1 and SYGL-1 displayed age-related decreases in expression domains, suggesting a role for Notch signaling in germline aging. The results indicate that although sporadic defects account for the sterility of some animals, population-wide changes account for the overall pattern of reproductive aging.
Co-infection with Bartonella henselae and Sarcocystis sp. in a 6-year-old male neutered domestic longhair cat with progressive multifocal neurological signs.

A 6-year-old male neutered domestic longhair cat presented to our Neurology Service for changing anisocoria and progressive gait abnormalities. The cat was rescued at about 5 months of age and had ...
A rare case of primary dermal clear cell sarcoma with focal epidermotropism: An entity difficult to distinguish from melanoma

Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) is an uncommon soft-tissue sarcoma that only rarely arises within the dermis. It is challenging to distinguish dermal CCS from nodular, primary dermal, or metastatic melanoma, as they share morphologic features and immunoprofiles. We describe a dermal CCS in a 25-year-old man with a cutaneous groin mass. The lesion was initially diagnosed as melanoma, likely metastatic. On consultation, in addition to a melanoma-like tumor in the dermis, we identified focal infiltration of tumor cells into the overlying epidermis (epidermotropism), resembling primary nodular or metastatic melanoma. Given the patient's age and absence of a history of primary melanoma, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed, which revealed separation of the 5' and 3' EWSR1 probe signals on chromosome 22q12, prompting a diagnosis of CCS. Our case highlights the histopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural similarities between CCS and melanoma, and the consequent potential for major diagnostic confusion. In such cases, FISH analysis remains the key to diagnosis. CCS should be considered in patients with a melanoma-like tumor in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue without epidermal (or with minimal) involvement, or prior to diagnosing metastatic melanoma in the absence of a known history of primary melanoma, especially in young individuals.
Trends in Uninsured Rates Before and After Medicaid Expansion in Counties Within and Outside of the Diabetes Belt.

OBJECTIVE To examine trends in uninsured rates between 2012 and 2016 among low-income adults aged RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data for 3,129 U.S. counties, obtained from the Small Area Health Insurance Estimates and Area Health Resources Files, were used to analyze trends in uninsured rates among populations with a household income ≤138% of the federal poverty level. Multivariable analysis adjusted for the percentage of county populations aged 50–64 years, the percentage of women, Distressed Communities Index value, and rurality. RESULTS In 2012, 39% of the population in the Diabetes Belt and 34% in non-Belt counties were uninsured (P CONCLUSIONS ACA-driven Medicaid expansion was more significantly associated with reduced uninsured rates in Diabetes Belt than in non-Belt counties. Initial disparities in uninsured rates between Diabetes Belt and non-Belt counties have not existed since 2014 among expansion states. Future studies should examine whether and how Medicaid expansion may have contributed to an increase in the use of health services in order to prevent and treat diabetes in the Diabetes Belt.
Bovine Prospection, the Mesocorticolimbic Pathways, and Neuroethics: Is a Cow’s Future Like Ours?

What can neuroscience tell us, if anything, about the capacities of cows to think about the future? The question is important if having the right to a future requires the ability to think about one’s future. To think about one’s future involves the mental state of prospection, in which we direct our attention to things yet to come. I distinguish several kinds of prospection, identify the behavioral markers of future thinking, and survey what is known about the neuroanatomy of future-directed bovine beliefs and desires. I suggest, in conclusion, that instead of asking whether a cow’s prospection is conscious, ask whether it is like ours—with “ours” understood to include all human beings.
Antagonistic effect of (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol on the pheromone-mediated flight of Helicoverpa zea (boddie) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae)

Flight-tunnel experiments were conducted using Helicoverpa zea males to determine whether or not (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol (Z11-16:OH), a compound emitted by another heliothine moth species, Heliothis subflexa, is a behavioral antagonist when admixed with the two-component pheromone blend of H. zea. Males were less likely to fly upwind all the way to the source when 0.3% Z11-16:OH was present in the blend. Even 0.1% Z11-16:OH caused differences in the flight behavior of H. zea males; they steered more off the windline than males responding to the pheromone blend alone, resulting in more oblique track angles. Thus Z11-16:OH appears to act antagonistically, along with another compound, (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate (Z11-16:Ac), when it is added to the H. zea pheromone blend.
The collectors: Beginnings of scientific inquiry and the lasting impacts of living and museum collections

Abstract After more than two centuries of tortoise exploitation by mariners, oil merchants, and colonists, the decline and disappearance of tortoises in the Galapagos Islands motivated several natural history museums to organize expeditions between the 1880s and 1930s to document and preserve Galapagos giant tortoise diversity before it was too late. The historic specimens gathered have since been instrumental in a wide range of studies that have expanded our evolutionary and ecological understanding about Galapagos tortoises and informed their conservation. Some live tortoises were removed for exhibition in zoological parks, aquaria, and botanical gardens to educate and entertain the public, and in some instances, to establish breeding populations outside the Archipelago. Research with these living collections has provided data on the reproductive biology, behavior, and physiology of tortoises. Some captive tortoises have contributed to population restoration efforts for wild tortoise populations in Galapagos.