cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ETAA1 acts at stalled replication forks to maintain genome integrity

The ATR checkpoint kinase coordinates cellular responses to DNA replication stress. Budding yeast contain three activators of Mec1 (the ATR orthologue); however, only TOPBP1 is known to activate ATR in vertebrates. We identified ETAA1 as a replication stress response protein in two proteomic screens. ETAA1-deficient cells accumulate double-strand breaks, sister chromatid exchanges, and other hallmarks of genome instability. They are also hypersensitive to replication stress and have increased frequencies of replication fork collapse. ETAA1 contains two RPA-interaction motifs that localize ETAA1 to stalled replication forks. It also interacts with several DNA damage response proteins including the BLM/TOP3α/RMI1/RMI2 and ATR/ATRIP complexes. It binds ATR/ATRIP directly using a motif with sequence similarity to the TOPBP1 ATR-activation domain; and like TOPBP1, ETAA1 acts as a direct ATR activator. ETAA1 functions in parallel to the TOPBP1/RAD9/HUS1/RAD1 pathway to regulate ATR and maintain genome stability. Thus, vertebrate cells contain at least two ATR-activating proteins.
Dual-resolution microSPECT mouse imaging using a triple-head SPECT system

MicroSPECT systems providing high resolution and high sensitivity are often based on imaging a mouse inside a tube with many pinholes. Projection images from a small target region, e.g., heart or brain, can be recorded simultaneously on multiple detectors with little multiplexing since each pinhole aperture can be restricted to view just the target region; however, this often requires that much of the mouse body be scanned through the target region of the collimating tube to obtain complete data for reconstruction. We describe another approach for joint reconstruction of both low- and high-resolution projection data acquired sequentially through many rectangular pinholes embedded in two tungsten tube sections of different diameter, placed end-to-end along the axis of a 3-head clinical SPECT scanner. One section provides a whole-body scout image of good sensitivity, but limited resolution, for locating the primary organ of interest and acquiring complete data for reconstruction. A second, 'hi-res' section, which contains many smaller pinholes, is then moved into place axially over the mouse, which is also moved to position its target organ in the center of the gantry. We optimized a scout section for a Trionix triple-head SPECT system to provide minimum mean-squared error of reconstructed voxel counts throughout a ∼6-cm axial range, with the constraints of fixed 2.4-mm scout system resolution, limited multiplexing, and no detector motion. The optimal radial distance to the closest scout pinhole and optimal number of MLEM iterations were 4.4 cm and 60 iterations, respectively; radial distances of the 30 pinholes ranged from 4.4 to 4.8 cm. After including whole-body mouse reconstructions of simulated 30-pinhole scout data into reconstructions of data from 93, 0.33-mm pinholes in a hi-res section viewing the heart region, we obtained high-resolution images of the heart, embedded in lower resolution images of the body, with minimal artifacts.
Utilization Analysis in Hematopathology

Utilization management in pathology requires the physician to consider whether a test is necessary and appropriate for the current condition of the patient. This has both medical care implications—how best to detect disease with the highest sensitivity and specificity—and fiscal implications. In an era where reimbursement is tied increasingly to bundled incidents of care or to particular quality measures, unnecessary lab costs must be avoided while adhering to the physician imperative to do no harm.
FDA Approval Summary: Sonidegib for Locally Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma.

On July 24, 2015, the FDA approved sonidegib (ODOMZO; Novartis) for the treatment of patients with locally advanced basal cell carcinoma (laBCC) not amenable to curative surgery or radiotherapy. The approval was based on data from one randomized, double-blind, noncomparative trial of two doses of sonidegib administered to 230 hedgehog inhibitor-naive patients with metastatic basal cell carcinoma (mBCC, n = 36) or laBCC (n = 194). Patients were randomized 2:1 to receive sonidegib 800 mg (n = 151) or 200 mg (n = 79) daily. The objective response rate (ORR) for patients with laBCC was 58% [95% confidence interval (CI), 45-70] in the 200 mg group and 44% (95% CI, 35-53) in the 800 mg group. The median duration of response for patients with laBCC was nonestimable (NE) in the 200 mg arm and 15.7 months (95% CI, NE) in the 800 mg arm. The ORR for patients with mBCC was 8% (95% CI, 0.2-36) and 17% (95% CI, 5-39) in patients treated with 200 and 800 mg, respectively. The most common adverse events occurring in ≥10% of patients were muscle spasms, alopecia, dysgeusia, nausea, fatigue, increased serum creatine kinase, decreased weight, and diarrhea. Clin Cancer Res; 23(10); 2377-81. ©2017 AACR.
La competitividad en la comunicación intercultural para los negocios internacionales: Evitando mal entendidos y desconfianza

In the world of International Businesses individuals confront a series of challenges from the point of view of communication across different cultures. As a result, the understanding of intercultural factors must be considered when the aim is success in international negotiations. Even though in verbal and non-verbal communication there are elements which are frequently expressed in a similar way in different countries (basic emotions such as crying and happiness), many times we face cultural differences which might make negotiations troublesome for managers and international negotiatiors, who are not prepared for those international and intercultural meetings. This lecture presents a review of several communication elements considered essential inside international communication in order to prevent international misunderstandings. Power distance and hierarchy (social distance), individualism and collectivism, femininity and masculinity, tolerance to uncertainty, orientation towards the future and needs, and information content (in the message itself or in the person) are explained during the lecture. Barriers against intercultural / international communication are examined.
The Legal Process—Part 1

This chapter is one of two chapters that outline some of the legal processes that may be required before searching a mobile device. Before an actual examination is conducted, some forms of legal process must be met. These can be categorized into three main choices: consent to search, exigent, and search warrant. Consent to search should address issues with revocation, where the search will take place, and how the owner can stop the search. Investigators must have an understanding of the two main types of networks. These are mobile network operators (MNOs) and mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs). There are just a few MNOs within the United States. MVNOs, however, are far more common. MVNOs do not have their own infrastructure and rely on MNOs to work. When determining a target number, investigators must be aware of application numbers. There are free, as well as law enforcement sites, that can aid in determining who services the number. Search.org can be used to confirm the number.
Mouse models to evaluate the role of estrogen receptor α in skeletal maintenance and adaptation

Estrogen signaling and mechanical loading have individual and combined effects on skeletal maintenance and adaptation. Previous work investigating estrogen signaling both in vitro and in vivo using global estrogen receptor α (ERα) gene knockout mouse models has provided information regarding the role of ERα in regulating bone mass and adaptation to mechanical stimulation. However, these models have inherent limitations that confound interpretation of the data. Therefore, recent studies have focused on mice with targeted deletion of ERα from specific bone cells and their precursors. Cell stage, tissue type, and mouse sex all influence the effects of ERα gene deletion. Lack of ERα in osteoblast progenitor and precursor cells generally affects the periosteum of female and male mice. The absence of ERα in differentiated osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts in mice generally resulted in reduced cancellous bone mass, with differing reports of the effect by animal sex and greater deficiencies in bone mass typically occurring in cancellous bone in female mice. Limited data exist for the role of bone cell-specific ERα in skeletal adaptation in vivo. Cell-specific ERα gene knockout mice provide an excellent platform for investigating the function of ERα in regulating skeletal phenotype and response to mechanical loading by sex and age.
Does the Individual Mandate Force Individuals to Buy Insurance

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act includes an individual mandate which penalizes individuals who do not purchase health insurance. Critics of the individual mandate, including a majority of justices on the Supreme Court, contend that Congress cannot use its Commerce Clause power to coerce individuals to buy a product. Supporters concede that the mandate coerces but argue that it is otherwise permissible under the Commerce Clause. This Article questions whether the individual mandate coerces. It uses a simple economic model to show that, under certain conditions, the individual mandate induces insurers to sell health insurance at a price each individual would voluntarily pay. Accordingly, the Article concludes that the premise underlying the debate over the constitutionality of the individual mandate under the Commerce Clause should not be taken for granted.
Masculinity and Virgin-Shaming Among College Men:

This project explores “virgin-shaming,” a phenomenon whereby an individual is called out or made fun of for lacking sexual experience among college men. To investigate this phenomenon, interviews w...
Alternating Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Ketene Acetals: Access to Tunable and Functional Polyester Copolymers

Radical ring-opening polymerization of cyclic ketene acetals (CKAs) provides a route to synthesize degradable polyesters or to impart degradability onto traditionally nondegradable vinyl polymers under the mild conditions afforded by radical polymerization. Copolymerization of CKAs with vinyl monomers is a promising strategy to prepare functional degradable polymers. However, such copolymerizations often result in poor incorporation of the ester moiety due to low relative reactivity of CKAs and the propensity to polymerize through the exomethylene bond via 1,2-addition, without ring-opening to the ester moiety. We demonstrate that the copolymerization of 5,6-benzo-2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (BMDO) with a variety of maleimides proceeds in a highly alternating fashion with quantitative ring-opening of BMDO to the ester, producing alternating polyester copolymers. Modifying the N-substituent of the maleimide provided a straightforward route to tuning the thermal properties of the polymers and introducing func...
The use of xylitol in long-term parenteral nutrition in dogs.

The interest in parenteral nutrition has been increased during the recent years. The use of parenteral nutrition as an adjunct in patient care has been applied to almost every branch of medicine. Practically all investigators administer a concentrated glucose solution as the sole source of non-protein energy in the United States. Since the solution is very hypertonic, central venous delivery via an indwelling catheter must be used to avoid or minimize any damage to the vein. However, metabolic difficulties as a result of the intravenous administration of hypertonic glucose, and sepsis due to the use of central venous catheter have been experienced (1–9). Thus, studies to use other sugars as glucose substitutes have been conducted, and limited attempts have also been made to infuse solutions which may be tolerated by the peripheral veins.
Surface Science and Kinetic Studies on Model Cu/Rh(100) Catalysts

Abstract The oxidation of carbon-monoxide on a series of Cu/Rh(100) model bimetallic catalysts was studied at 458K. Using a reactant gas mixture of CO/O 2 =2, a maximum catalytic activity was observed at a Cu coverage of 1.3ML. The overall kinetics for CO oxidation on Cu/Rh(100) catalysts was found to be very similar to that on Rh(100). Under reaction conditions, the Cu overlayers are unstable, and, upon interaction with oxygen, form 3-dimensional CuO x clusters.
Detection of known Narrowband Signals in Narrowband Noise

In the last three chapters we have been concerned with the detection of known signals which may be characterized as being low-pass signals. We did not put any explicit constraints on the known signal values s i , but required the noise components W i to be independent for i = 1,2,…,n. When the data are generated as samples of some continuous-time input process, the values s i are samples of a signal waveform s(t). Thus a usually implicit assumption in this situation is that the highest signal frequencyF 8 is smaller than the bandwidth F of the frequency band [0,F]on which the noise power spectral density can be assumed to be approximately constant.
Individual differences in addition strategy choice: A psychometric evaluation.

The strategy choice model (SCM) is a highly influential theory of human problem-solving. One strength of this theory is the allowance for both item and person variance to contribute to problem-solving outcomes, but this central tenet of the model has not been empirically tested. Explanatory item response theory (EIRT) provides an ideal approach to testing this core feature of SCM, as it allows for simultaneous estimation of both item and person effects on problem-solving outcomes. We used EIRT to test and confirm this central tenet of the SCM for adolescents’ (n = 376) solving of addition problems. The approach also allowed us to identify the strategy choices of adolescents who still struggle with basic arithmetic. The synthesis of SCM theory and EIRT modeling has implications for more fully investigating the sources of individual differences in students’ problem solving, and for identifying problem-solving patterns associated with poor academic achievement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
The possible role of brain rhythms in perceiving fast speech: Evidence from adult aging

The rhythms of speech and the time scales of linguistic units (e.g., syllables) correspond remarkably to cortical oscillations. Previous research has demonstrated that in young adults, the intelligibility of time-compressed speech can be rescued by “repackaging” the speech signal through the regular insertion of silent gaps to restore correspondence to the theta oscillator. This experiment tested whether this same phenomenon can be demonstrated in older adults, who show age-related changes in cortical oscillations. The results demonstrated a similar phenomenon for older adults, but that the “rescue point” of repackaging is shifted, consistent with a slowing of theta oscillations.
Chapter 24 - RNA Interference: Targeted Gene Silencing

RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural phenomenon that was considered an oddity when it was first observed in petunias. It exists in many organisms as a means of protecting against viruses and transposons, molecular invaders that would otherwise plague a host genome and wreak havoc. The use of RNAi as a means for studying the effects of gene expression in a cell or in an organism is occasionally called “reverse genetics,” the goal of which is to determine the consequences for a cell when a protein is not produced. Three fundamental methods that are used to elicit gene silencing by RNAi are (1) short interfering RNA (siRNA), (2) short hairpin RNA (shRNA), and (3) DNA-directed RNA interference (ddRNAi). siRNA is produced in the cell following an introduction of a suitable transcription vector or in vitro followed by transfection of the purified siRNA. shRNAs are an alternative to the use of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules or siRNAs used to suppress gene expression. shRNAs are single-stranded RNA molecules that, by virtue of inverted repeats, exhibit intramolecular base pairing. shRNAs are generally produced in vitro or in vivo through the use of transcription vectors. When planning to perform ddRNAi in vitro or in vivo , it is important to avoid the inclusion of four or more of the same base in a row as this will cause premature termination of transcription initiated from the commonly used human U6 promoter.
1878-P: Glucagon Is neither Necessary nor Sufficient for Ketosis in Mice

The current consensus mechanism for hepatic ketogenesis posits a key role for islet hormones, with insulin inhibiting and glucagon stimulating formation of ketone bodies. In this model the action of glucagon in the presence of low portal insulin concentrations causes ketosis. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are effective for lowering glucose in diabetic patients, and cause a relative insulinopenia. These agents have been described to increase ketone production, and have been associated with cases of diabetic ketoacidosis. SGLT2i have been recently reported to stimulate islet α-cells, suggesting the hypothesis that SGLT2i-induced glucagon secretion drives ketogenesis. To test this hypothesis, mice were given the SGLT2i dapagliflozin (dapa) in the presence or absence of glucagon signaling. Fasting-induced ketosis was used as a positive control. In both dapa-treated mice and 16 hour fasted mice, blood glucose decreased to the 4-5 mM range, β-OHB increased 2-3 fold, and NEFA rose 30-50%. Fasting had minimal effects on plasma glucagon, but dapa increased glucagon concentrations, albeit at a delayed rate compared to changes in glycemia, β-OHB, or NEFAs. Interruption of glucagon signaling with either: 1) a glucagon receptor antagonist (GRA); or 2) mice with a deletion of the proGlucagon gene had no effect on the development of ketosis in response to dapa or fasting, indicating that glucagon is not necessary for ketosis in these conditions. To test its sufficiency, glucagon (20µg/kg) was given to fed mice, 16 hour fasted mice, dapa-treated mice, and mice with insulin receptor blockade (IRB). Fasting, dapa and IRB all increased β-OHB significantly but glucagon did not add to this. In contrast, epinephrine significantly elevated ketone levels under these conditions. These findings indicate that the current model of the regulation of ketogenesis needs to be reconsidered, and that in mice glucagon does not have a significant role in this process. Disclosure M. Capozzi: None. R. Coch: None. J.B. Wait: None. J.J. Koech: None. J. Campbell: Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. D.A. D9Alessio: Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Merck & Co., Inc. Funding National Institutes of Health (F32-DK116542)
Fibrous Dysplasia/McCune-Albright Syndrome

Synonym: FD/MAS Alison M Boyce, MD Skeletal Clinical Studies Unit Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Children’s National Health System Washington, DC Bone Health Program Division of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine Children’s National Health System Washington, DC boyceam@mail.nih.gov Michael T Collins, MD Chief, Skeletal Clinical Studies Unit Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland mcollins@mail.nih.gov
Treatment with istradefylline for postural abnormalities in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction. In the current edition, Fujioka and colleagues report on four Japanese patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and severe postural abnormalities treated with istradefylline (adenosine A2A receptor antagonist); further, dopamine agonists were with- drawn. Three patients experienced significant improvements of postural abnormalities. Clinical reflections. Postural abnormalities in PD include camptocormia, antecollis, lateral trunk flexion, and scoliosis. They may be very pronounced and significantly reduce quality of life. The therapy of postural deformities in PD is currently disappointing. Clinical implications. Effective therapeutic strategies for postural deformities in PD are an unmet need. Larger clinical trials investigating novel approaches including istradefylline are warranted.
MELD-GRAIL-Na: Glomerular Filtration Rate and Mortality on Liver-Transplant Waiting List

Background and aims Among patients with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation, prediction of wait-list (WL) mortality is adjudicated by the Model for End Stage Liver Disease-Sodium (MELD-Na) score. Replacing serum creatinine (SCr) with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the MELD-Na score may improve prediction of WL mortality, especially for women and highest disease severity. Approach and results We developed (2014) and validated (2015) a model incorporating eGFR using national data (n = 17,095) to predict WL mortality. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the GFR assessment in liver disease (GRAIL) developed among patients with cirrhosis. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis models were used to compare the predicted 90-day WL mortality between MELD-GRAIL-Na (re-estimated bilirubin, international normalized ratio [INR], sodium, and GRAIL) versus MELD-Na. Within 3 months, 27.8% were transplanted, 4.3% died on the WL, and 4.7% were delisted for other reasons. GFR as estimated by GRAIL (hazard ratio [HR] 0.382, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.344-0.424) and the re-estimated model MELD-GRAIL-Na (HR 1.212, 95% CI 1.199-1.224) were significant predictors of mortality or being delisted on the WL within 3 months. MELD-GRAIL-Na was a better predictor of observed mortality at highest deciles of disease severity (≥ 27-40). For a score of 32 or higher (observed mortality 0.68), predicted mortality was 0.67 (MELD-GRAIL-Na) and 0.51 (MELD-Na). For women, a score of 32 or higher (observed mortality 0.67), the predicted mortality was 0.69 (MELD-GRAIL-Na) and 0.55 (MELD-Na). In 2015, use of MELD-GRAIL-Na as compared with MELD-Na resulted in reclassification of 16.7% (n = 672) of patients on the WL. Conclusion Incorporation of eGFR likely captures true GFR better than SCr, especially among women. Incorporation of MELD-GRAIL-Na instead of MELD-Na may affect outcomes for 12%-17% awaiting transplant and affect organ allocation.
Self-Reported Sleep Duration and Pattern in Old Order Amish and Non-Amish Adults

Study Objectives:We hypothesized that sleep duration in the Amish would be longer than in non-Amish.Methods:Sleep duration was obtained by questionnaire administered to Amish individuals (n = 3,418...
The Impact of Hospital Size on National Trends and Outcomes Following Open Esophagectomy

Background and Objectives: Previous studies have demonstrated superior patient outcomes for thoracic oncology patients treated at high-volume surgery centers compared to low-volume centers. However, the specific role of overall hospital size in open esophagectomy morbidity and mortality remains unclear. Materials and Methods: Patients aged >18 years who underwent open esophagectomy for primary malignant neoplasia of the esophagus between 2002 and 2014 were identified using the National Inpatient Sample. Minimally invasive procedures were excluded. Discharges were stratified by hospital size (large, medium, and small) and analyzed using trend and multivariable regression analyses. Results: Over a 13-year period, a total of 69,840 open esophagectomy procedures were performed nationally. While the proportion of total esophagectomies performed did not vary by hospital size, in-hospital mortality trends decreased for all hospitals (large (7.2% to 3.7%), medium (12.8% vs. 4.9%), and small (12.8% vs. 4.9%)), although this was only significant for large hospitals (P 0.05). Conclusions: After risk adjustment, patient morbidity and in-hospital mortality appear to be comparable across all institutions, including small hospitals. While there appears to be an increased push for referring patients to large hospitals, our findings suggest that there may be other factors (such as surgeon type, hospital volume, or board status) that are more likely to impact the results; these need to be further explored in the current era of episode-based care.
Prior and Perioperative Revascularization Does Not Affect Survival in Lung Transplant Patients.

Background Coronary artery disease is common in lung transplant patients and has historically been viewed as a contraindication to the procedure. Although this mindset is changing, the effect of prior or perioperative revascularization on lung transplant survival outcomes is not adequately established. Methods We performed a single-center retrospective analysis of all single and double lung transplant patients from 2012 to 2018 (n = 468). Patients were split into 4 groups: (1) patients who received a preoperative percutaneous coronary intervention (n = 34), (2) those who received coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) before transplantation (n = 25), (3) those that received concomitant CABG during transplantation (n = 29), and (4) those who had lung transplantation with no need for revascularization (n = 380). Groups were compared for demographics, surgical procedure, and survival outcomes. Results The no-revascularization group was statistically younger than the rest (P = .001). The lung allocation score trended toward being higher in the concomitant coronary artery bypass group (P = .03). All groups were predominantly diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The proportion of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was greatest in the group not requiring revascularization (P = .001). Patients with previous CABG were more likely to receive a single lung transplant than a double one (21 versus 4; P = .054). Length of stay, posttransplant survival, and postoperative adverse events were similar among all groups. Conclusions Results suggest that preoperative or intraoperative revascularization does not negatively affect survival in lung transplant patients; lung recipients with coronary artery disease have comparable survival when adequately revascularized.
The small, inventory free retail format: The impact on consumer-based brand equity and purchase behavior

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the role of brand experience, as conceptualized by Brakus, Schmidt, and Zarantonello’s (2009), in fostering Consumer Based Brand Equity (CBBE) elements associated with the new store format and their impact on consequent purchase intention through multiple retail channels. A survey sent to a national sample of female consumers regarding Nordstrom Local, a small, inventory-free retail store in the U.S., resulted in 406 usable responses. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized relationships among variables where nine of the ten proposed hypotheses were supported. The findings of this study support that the brand experience of a small, inventory-free retail format can be effective in fostering CBBE, which has a positive impact on purchase intention. Furthermore, patronizing a small, inventory-free retail format appears to influence purchase intention consummated through the retailer’s other channels. This appears to be the first empirical study to explore the impact of the small, inventory-free retail format on consumer responses. The findings may aid industry professionals in identifying successful strategies that appeal to changing preferences of today’s consumer.
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of pegfilgrastim when given less than two weeks from dose-dense chemotherapy regimens:

IntroductionIn clinical practice, waiting 14 days between the administration of pegfilgrastim and subsequent chemotherapy cycle (as recommended by the prescribing information) is sometimes not feas...
Sampling and the Assurance Gathering Process Post SOX: A Field Investigation

This study examining the sampling experiences of practicing auditors in the field and provides important insights into how the current state and application of sampling in the assurance gathering process may be impacting the efficiency and effectiveness of audits. To examine whether and how the sampling practices of auditors in the field have changed in recent years, we interview 28 practicing auditors from the Big 4 firms. We find that auditors rely greatly on firm technologies and standardized tables in making sampling judgments; most especially in the determination of sampling risk and sample sizes for test of controls. Findings also reveal a general deficiency among auditors in education on underlying sampling constructs and, perhaps in association, potential judgment errors being made by auditors in evaluating statistical samples using non-statistical approaches. We find auditors currently face challenges in linking assurance obtained from test of controls in making substantive sampling plan determinations and in developing integrated sampling plans in the context of multi-location engagements. Further, auditors expressed regulatory pressures in gathering additional substantive sample-based tests where controls reliance has been deemed high for fear of receiving inspection deficiencies from regulators. In contrast with findings in Trompeter and Wright (2010), auditors noted a general reluctance to rely on analytical procedures as substantive evidence or use dual purpose tests in lieu of traditional sample-based tests as a means of gathering assurance for tests of balances in general, and in revenue testing, specifically. Lastly, findings indicate that while firms are placing increasing focus and investment in the use of data analytics in the audit process, auditors indicate that clarity from regulators and audit firms on confidentiality issues associated with cross border data, auditor independence concerns, and how/when to approach testing of full populations is needed to leverage these technological advancements in the field.
393. Prevalence of HIV in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 and Associated Mortality Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: As of June 3rd, 2020, the number of confirmed cases of novel SARSCoV- 2, the causative agent of COVID-19, was approximately 6,538,456, with 386,503 deaths globally Individuals with pre-existing conditions are particularly susceptible to and more likely to die from Covid-19 However, individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are unique due to their use of antiretroviral therapy, including protease inhibitors, which have been used to treat COVID-19 We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis exploring the prevalence and prevalence of HIV in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and delineating the mortality rates Methods: MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library databases and medrxiv org were searched from January 1st, 2020, to June 15th, 2020 Studies reporting on the prevalence of HIV among hospitalized COVID-19 patients among and outcome of mortality were extracted Two reviewers independently extracted appropriate data of interest and assessed the risk of bias All analyses were performed using random-effects models on log-transformed proportions and risk ratio estimates, and heterogeneity was quantified Results: A total of 144,795 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were identified from 14 studies (United States 8, Spain 3, China 1, Italy1, and Germany 1) The pooled prevalence of HIV in COVID-19 patients was 1 22 % [95% confidence interval (CI): 0 61%-2 43%)] translating to a 2-fold increase compared to the respective local-level pooled HIV prevalence in the general population of 0 65% (95% CI: 0 48%-0 89% When we stratified the analysis by country, pooled HIV prevalence among COVID- 19 patients in United States (1 43%, 95% CI: 0 98% -2 07%) was significantly higher compared to Spain (0 26%, 95% CI: 0 23%-0 29%) but not different from China (0 99 %, 95% CI: 0 25 %-3 85%) The pooled mortality rates in HIV-positive patients hospitalized for COVID-19 was 14 1 % 95% CI: 5 78%-30 50% and was substantially higher in the United States compared to other countries Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV among COVID-19 patients may be higher compared to the general population, suggesting higher susceptibility to COVID-19 The mortality rates are high but vary significantly across countries
The Unitary Executive and the Bush Presidency

While most past presidents have attempted to grab more power, the Unitary theory of power implemented in the second Bush presidency set up a game-changing paradigm that upends any conventional notion of the separation of powers, and the role of the presidency within it. The Unitary theory, which proffers a constitutional view of presidential power that claims vast and expansive unilateral powers for the chief executive (sometimes referred to as “Article II on steroids”), is predicated on an Originalist reading. Yet an Originalist view of the Constitution leads to legislative supremacy, not the unitary executive. The modern activist presidency arguably exceeds the founders’ notions of presidential power, but that view at least continues to operate with the checks and balances system. The Unitary theory abandons checks and balances.
Career decision-making in an uncertain world: A dual-process framework

While the Parsonian framework of career decision-making has provided seminal insights into the research and practice of career decision-making, the recent literature challenges the premises and practice of the Parsonian framework in the psychological, economic, and social contexts of contemporary career decision-making. The new discussions urge the field to rethink career decision-making in terms of its process and content and highlight the importance of constructivist authoring, dynamic adaptation, contextual influence, and intuitive thinking. However, the current career decision-making literature has residual limitations in integrating the merits of the Parsonian framework and the new decision-making perspectives and in facilitating research and practice integration. Therefore, the present article reviews new discussions about career decision-making, discusses residual limitations in the career literature, and proposes a new dual-process framework of career decision-making to facilitate future research and practice of career decision-making. This framework differentiates and integrates the processes of managing state uncertainty and inherent uncertainty in career decision-making and proposes an alternative approach to career decision-making that is characterized by strategic anchoring and adjustment.
ATRXLoss to impair glioma stem cell viability and self-renewal via proton radiotherapy induced necrosis.

2046Background: Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM-Grade IV) is the most aggressive form of glioma in the USA carrying only a 15 month median survival time. Although IDH1R132H is traditionally associated...
Role of in-situ splat sintering on elastic and damping behavior of cold sprayed aluminum coatings

Abstract The dynamic elastic behavior of cold sprayed aluminum 6061 coatings is analyzed to understand the inherent role of in-situ splat sintering from ambient to 400 °C for air and helium sprayed coatings. Higher surface energy and lower flattening ratio of air sprayed coating in as-sprayed condition result in 28% densification during splat sintering compared to 15% in heat-treated helium sprayed ones. Elastic modulus and damping behavior can be divided into three distinct temperature regimes based on sintering and progressive inter-splat structure. A theoretical analysis is established, which shows that normalized elastic modulus is an exponential function of the inter-splat porosity. This study establishes the correlation between inter-splat thermal phenomena and coating's dynamic mechanical properties at elevated temperatures.
The lifetime of a linac monitor unit ion chamber.

This study is the first to report the clinical lifetime of Varian Kapton sealed ion chambers as a retrospective review. The data have been analyzed using ion chamber gain values, daily quality assurance results, monthly quality assurance results, and delivered treatment field data were analyzed to comprehensively review trends. The data show the average lifetimes of the ion chambers from our institution, so other physicists can prepare for replacement. Additionally, we share our experience in performing quality assurance tests to calibrate and validate the radiation beam after ion chamber replacement.
Compartmentalized PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling in Living Cells

The complexity and specificity of many forms of signal transduction are widely suspected to require spatial microcompartmentation and dynamic modulation of the activities of signaling molecules, su...
Long-term outcomes of surgery followed by radiation therapy for minor salivary gland carcinomas.

Objectives/Hypothesis Postoperative radiation therapy is often used in patients with high-risk salivary gland carcinomas. In this study we evaluated the outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with minor salivary gland cancers treated with adjuvant radiation therapy. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 90 patients treated with curative intent. Median follow-up was 71 months. Fifty-eight patients (64%) had adenoid cystic carcinomas, 22 (24%) had adenocarcinomas, and 10 (11%) had mucoepidermoid cancers. Primary disease site included 39 (43%) sinonasal, 35 (39%) oral cavity, 10 (11%) oropharynx, and six (7%) others. Twenty-seven patients (30%) were treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Results Eight local, four neck, and 24 distant relapses were detected. Local control rates at 5 and 10 years were 90% and 88%, respectively. Advanced T stage was associated with worse local control. Distant metastasis rates were 24% and 28% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Tumor stage, histology, perineural invasion, and lymphovascular space invasion were significant predictors of distant metastasis on univariate analysis. However, on multivariate analysis only the American Joint Committee on Cancer stage was significant. Overall survival rates were 76% and 63% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. More advanced T stage and N stage correlated with worse overall survival. Conclusions Tumor stage remains the best predictor for locoregional and distant disease control of minor salivary gland cancers. Postoperative radiation therapy for high-risk patients results in excellent long-term locoregional disease control. Further work is needed to improve systemic control. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 123:2675–2680, 2013
NMDA receptor activation-responsive phosphoproteins in the developing optic tectum

A front phosphorylation assay followed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect proteins in the tadpole optic tectum, the phosphorylation state of which is regulated by NMDA receptor activation. Five proteins with isoelectric points between 4 and 7 displayed marked increases in their phosphorylation state in response to application of 10 microM glutamate and 50 microM NMDA. This response was inhibited by 60 microM 2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid. These proteins are termed NMDA receptor activation-responsive phosphoproteins (NARPPs). Two NARPPs were identified as both in vitro and in vivo substrates for protein kinase C. Of these two NARPPs, one was located in the postsynaptic density (NARPP-50), and one was located in the nuclear fraction (NARPP-21). Phosphorylation of NARPP-21 was also induced by application of the metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist trans-(+/-)-1-amino-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid (trans- ACPD) (100 microM). Phosphorylation of all NARPPs was eliminated by dantrolene, which inhibits release of calcium from intracellular stores. In adult tecta, only NARPP-21 and -50 were phosphorylation. Thus the phosphorylation state of most NARPPs is regulated differently when synaptic plasticity is low. Further characterization of NARPPs should lead to identification of second messenger systems involved in NMDA receptor signaling and developmental synaptic plasticity.
Correlation Of Magnetic Dichroism in X-Ray Absorption and Photoelectron Emission using Ultrathin Magnetic Alloy Films

We have begun a program to characterize magnetic alloy overlays using both magnetic x-ray circular dichroism (MXCD) and magnetic x-ray linear dichroism (MXLD). This will allow a direct comparison of MXCD-absorption and MXLD-photoelectron emission. First results from the Advanced Light Source will be presented.
A Surface View of First-Passage Percolation

Let \(\tilde B\)(t) be the set of sites reached from the origin by time t in standard first-passage percolation on Z d , and let B0 (roughly lim \(\tilde B\) (t)/t) be its deterministic asymptotic shape. We relate the t → ∞ microstructure of the surface of \(\tilde B\)(t) to spanning trees of time-minimizing paths and their transverse deviations and to curvature properties of B0. The most complete results are restricted to d = 2.
Gonadal dysgenesis as an autosomal recessive condition.

Abstract Three siblings with gonadal dysgenesis and normal female (46/XX) chromosomal complements, products of a consanguineous marriage, have been studied. Autosomal recessive inheritance is proposed as the most likely explanation.
Automatic Synthesis and Deployment of Intensional Kahn Process Networks

In this paper we introduce and study, theoretically, a clean slate “formal” foundational approach for developing and deploying high-assurance distributed embedded systems deployed in mission-critical applications. We propose a simple formal distributed asynchronous framework extending Kahn Process Networks with intensional specification. More precisely, we present a model-driven approach based on a platform-independent language and an intensional specification logic that allows us to synthesize distributed agents that can handle interactions with external resources asynchronously, ensure enforcement of information flow and security policies, and have the ability to deal with failures of resources. Our approach allows rapid development and automated deployment of formally verified embedded networked systems that provide guarantees that clients’ requirements will be met and QoS guarantees will be respected. Moreover, it allows modeling (and programming) reliable distributed systems for multi-core hosts. Such a capability makes our framework suitable for next generation grid computing systems where multi-core individual hosts need to be utilized for improving scalability.Given an intensional logical specification of a distributed embedded system, that includes Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, a set of software resources and devices available in a network, and their formal interface specifications, a deductive system can automatically generate distributed extended Kahn processes and their deployment information in such a way that the application requirements—including QoS requirements—are guaranteed to be met. The generated processes use the inputs of the sensors/meters/probes and the management policies of the customer to generate real-time control decisions for managing the system. The processes are deployed automatically on a distributed network involving sensors/meters/probes tracking system parameters, actuators controlling devices, and diverse computing and communication elements such as PDA’s, etc.
Trafficking of the epidermal growth factor receptor and transferrin in three hepatocytic endosomal fractions.

Hepatocytes rapidly internalize epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transferrin by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Both EGF and its receptor are thought to be targeted for destruction in lysosomes, leading to down-regulation of the receptor, whereas transferrin, after unloading iron within the cell, is thought to recycle to the cell surface bound to its receptor. Previously, we isolated three endosomal fractions from livers of estradiol-treated rats and examined their roles in cellular trafficking of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and the LDL receptor, which cycles constitutively (Belcher, J. D., Hamilton, R. L., Brady, S. E., Hornick, C. A., Jackle, S., Schneider, W. J., and Havel, R. J., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. (1987) 84, 6785-6789). In the current study we have taken advantage of the distinct trafficking of the EGF receptor and transferrin to evaluate further the functions of these endosome fractions. Intravenous injection of a saturating amount of EGF into estradiol-treated rats induced internalization of a single population of EGF receptors, which rapidly accumulated in the endosome fraction of intermediate density ("compartment of uncoupling of receptor and ligand" (CURL)) and subsequently in the low density endosome fraction (multivesicular bodies (MVBs)). The high density endosome fraction, whose membranes contain a high concentration of recycling receptors (designated receptor-recycling compartment (RRC)), failed to accumulate EGF receptors after injection of EGF. In livers of rats not given exogenous EGF, EGF receptors were found in small but comparable concentrations in RRC, CURL, and MVB membranes, consistent with other evidence that targeting of the EGF receptor to lysosomes is mediated by ligand-induced phosphorylation. Transferrin also accumulated first in CURL and later in MVBs, but it also accumulated rapidly in the RRC fraction, consistent with the proposed function of this fraction in receptor recycling. Since transferrin is not degraded during its endocytic cycle, these observations indicate that apotransferrin and its receptor recycle from late endosomes (MVBs) located at the apical pole of hepatocytes, as well as from early endosomes near the sinusoidal pole.
Functional redundancy of FMRFamide-related peptides at the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction.

The Drosophila FMRFamide gene encodes multiple FMRFamide-related peptides. These peptides are expressed by neurosecretory cells and may be released into the blood to act as neurohormones. We analyzed the effects of eight of these peptides on nerve-stimulated contraction (twitch tension) of Drosophila larval body-wall muscles. Seven of the peptides strongly enhanced twitch tension, and one of the peptides was inactive. Their targets were distributed widely throughout the somatic musculature. The effects of one peptide, DPKQDFMRFamide, were unchanged after the onset of metamorphosis. The seven active peptides showed similar dose–response curves. Each had a threshold concentration near 1 nm, and the EC50 for each peptide was ∼40 nm. At concentrations <0.1 μm, the responses to each of the seven excitatory peptides followed a time course that matched the fluctuations of the peptide concentration in the bath. At higher concentrations, twitch tension remained elevated for 5–10 min or more after wash-out of the peptide. When the peptides were presented as mixtures predicted by their stoichiometric ratios in the dFMRFamide propeptide, the effects were additive, and there were no detectable higher-order interactions among them. One peptide was tested and found to enhance synaptic transmission. At 0.1 μm, DPKQDFMRFamide increased the amplitude of the excitatory junctional current to 151% of baseline within 3 min. Together, these results indicate that the products of the Drosophila FMRFamide gene function as neurohormones to modulate the strength of contraction at the larval neuromuscular junction. In this role these seven peptides appear to be functionally redundant.
Multilinear maps and tensor norms on operator systems

Abstract We extend work of Christensen and Sinclair on completely bounded multilinear forms to the case of subspaces of C ∗ algebras, and obtain a representation theorem and a Hahn-Banach extension theorem for such maps. In the second part of the paper the Haagerup norms on tensor products are investigated, and we obtain new characterizations of these quantities.