cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF GROUP INTERDEPENDENCE ON SUPERVISOR PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS

A laboratory experiment was designed to test the effect of group member interdependence on supervisory performance ratings. Subjects played the role of supervisors in charge of evaluating members of a three-person work group which was constructed to include two good performers and one poor performer. Supervisors were either told that group members would work closely together (high interdependence) or independently (low interdependence). As hypothesized, supervisors rated the poor performer higher and the good performers lower when the group was portrayed as highly interdependent than when the group members were relatively independent.
Exhaled nitric oxide in the management of childhood asthma: A prospective 6‐months study

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is elevated in asthma and reflects eosinophilic airway inflammation. The aim of this prospective, randomized, single-blind study was to examine whether the inclusion of repeated FeNO measurements into asthma monitoring leads to an improvement in asthma outcome. Forty-seven children with mild to moderate asthma were allocated to a FeNO group (n = 22) and to a control group (n = 25). In the FeNO group therapy was based on symptoms, beta-agonist use, lung function, and FeNO whereas in the control group therapy was based on symptoms, beta-agonist use and lung function only. Patients performed five visits in 6 weeks intervals. Frequency of respiratory symptoms, beta-agonist use, FEV(1)% predicted and the frequency of exacerbations were similar between groups. Patients in the FeNO group received higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) (control group: median (interquartile range): 241 microg (26-607 microg); FeNo group: 316 microg (200-500 microg) and had significantly higher MEF(50)% predicted (control group: median (interquartile range): 68.5% (55.8-83.1%); FeNO group: 83.2% (62.9%-98.3%). At a cut-off point of 22.9 ppb FeNO the best predictive value for exacerbations with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 60% was found. Significant relationships were observed between FeNO and dose of ICS (beta = -8.77; P < 0.002), beta-agonist use 2 weeks prior to a visit (beta = 0.11; P < 0.05), asthma symptoms (beta = 0.02; P < 0.0001), and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (beta = 0.04; P = 0.02). In conclusion, FeNO was related to important markers of asthma control. A therapy regimen aimed at lowering FeNO in children with asthma improved parameters of small airway function, but was not able to improve clinical markers of asthma control.
Discussion: The Potential Role of Control Theory

[7] GUSTAFSON, ROBERT L., Carryover Levels for Grains, USDA Tech. Bul. 1178, 1958. [8] HOTELLING, HAROLD, "Edgeworth's Taxation Paradox and the Nature of Demand and Supply Functions," J. Pol. Economy, 40:577-616, 1932. [9] , "The General Welfare in Relation to Problems of Taxation and of Railway and Utility Rates," Econometrica, 6:242-269, 1938. [10] HOWARD, RONALD, Dynamic Programming and Markov Processes, Wiley, 1960. [11] JOHNSON, PAUL R., "The Social Cost of the Tobacco Program," J. Farm Econ. 47:242255, May 1965. [12] NERLOVE, MARC, The Dynamics of Supply, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1958. [13] PONTRYAGIN, L. S., et. al., The Mathematical Theory of Optimal Processes, New York, Interscience, 1962. [14] ROSEN, J. B., "Iterative Solution of Nonlinear Optimal Control Problems," J. S.I.A.M. Control, 4:223-244, 1966. [15] SCHULTZ, HENRY, The Theory and Measurement of Demand, University of Chicago Press, 1938. [16] TINTNER, GERHARD, AND MALVIKA PATEL, "Evaluation of Indian Fertilizer Projects: An Application of Consumer's and Producer's Surplus," J. Farm Econ. 48:704-710, Aug. 1966. [17] WALLACE, T. D., "Measures of Social Costs of Agricultural Programs," J. Farm Econ. 44:580-594, May 1962. [18] WILSON, ROBERT, "Computation of Optimal Controls," J. Math. Analysis and Applications, 14:77-82,1966. [19] WOLD, HERMAN, AND LARS JUREEN, Demand Analysis, Wiley, 1953.
Overexpression, Purification, and Characterization of Tyrosine-Sensitive 3-Deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonic Acid 7-Phosphate Synthase fromEscherichia coli

Abstract An overexpression system (pCR105) for DAHP synthase (Tyr) was constructed by cloning thearoFgene at theNdeI site of the pET-22b(+) translation vector, a plasmid expression vector that contains the T7lacpromoter. The enzyme was overexpressed, purified to >90% purity (by SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), and characterized. The protein was overexpressed at a level of 58% the total soluble cell protein (based on enzymatic activities). About 244 mg of pure enzyme was obtained from a 2-liter cell culture. So far, this is the highest yield reported for the isozyme DAHP synthase (Tyr). The enzyme showed a bell-shaped pH–activity profile, with a pH optimum at pH 7.0–7.5 and pKvalues of 6.10 and 8.92. Inhibition of the enzyme by tyrosine was specific with 50% inhibition observed at 9 μ m tyrosine, pH 7.0. The specific activity of the enzyme increased with added metal and metal sensitivity increased with purity of the enzyme. Only substoichiometric amounts of Cu, Fe, and Zn were found in the pure enzyme and this result is consistent with sensitivity of the enzyme to added metal. Although treatment with EDTA inactivated the enzyme almost completely, the activity of the apoenzyme was restored to differing extents by a variety of metals including Mn2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+. Both Fe2+and Cu2+only partially reactivated EDTA-treated enzyme. Reconstitution of EDTA-treated enzyme with either Cd2+or Mn2+gave 1 mol of metal per mole of enzyme monomer. KCN inactivated the enzyme to only 80% and added metals reactivated the CN-treated enzyme only to a small extent. These results confirm the importance of the metal in the enzymatic reaction.
Hypothalamic—pituitary—adrenocortical axis responses to physostigmine: Effects of alzheimer's disease and gender

We asked whether hypothalamic—pituitary—adrenocortical (HPA) axis responses to a cholinergic stimulus are blunted in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) of mild to moderate severity. Such a finding would be consistent with a central cholinergic deficiency early in the course of AD. To address this question, we measured the plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity ( β E-LI), and cortisol responses to the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine in 10 healthy normal older subjects (age = 71 ± 2 years) and 11 outpatients with probable AD (age = 72 ± 2 years; Mini Mental State Exam score=19 ± 2). Cortisol concentrations were higher in AD subjects throughout the study, but AD and normal older subjects had similar robust ACTH, β E-LI, and cortisol responses to physostigmine. In all subjects combined, women had greater ACTH, β E-LI, and cortisol responses to physostigmine than did men. Plasma physostigmine concentrations did not differ between groups. These results suggest that female gender enhances the magnitude of HPA axis responses to cholinergic stimulation in older humans; however, the HPA axis response to physostigmine does not appear to reflect central cholinergic deficiency in the early stages of AD.
Solubility relationships of aluminum and iron minerals associated with acid mine drainage

The ability to properly manage the oxidation of pyritic minerals and associated acid mine drainage is dependent upon understanding the chemistry of the disposal environment. One accepted disposal method is placing pyritic-containing materials in the groundwater environment. The objective of this study was to examine solubility relationships of Al and Fe minerals associated with pyritic waste disposed in a low leaching aerobic saturated environment. Two eastern oil shales were used in this oxidizing equilibration study, a New Albany Shale (unweathered, 4.6 percent pyrite), and a Chattanooga Shale (weathered, 1.5 percent pyrite). Oil shale samples were equilibrated with distilled-deionized water from 1 to 180 d with a 1∶1 solid-to-solution ratio. The suspensions were filtered and the clear filtrates were analyzed for total cations and anions. Ion activities were calculated from total concentrations. Below pH 6.0, depending upon SO 4 2− activity, Al3+ solubility was controlled by AlOHSO4 (solid phase) for both shales. Initially, Al3+ solubility for the New Albany Shale showed equilibrium with amorphous Al(OH)3. The pH decreased with time, and Al3+ solubility approached equilibrium with AlOHSO4(s). Below pH 6.0, Fe3+ solubility appeared to be regulated by a basic iron sulfate solid phase with the stoichiometric composition of FeOHSO4(s). The results of this study indicate that below pH 6.0, Al3+ solubilities, are limited by basic Al and Fe sulfate solid phases (AlOHSO4(s) and FeHSO4(s)). The results from this study further indicate that the acidity in oil shale waters is produced from the hydrolysis of Al3+ and Fe3+ activities in solution. These results indicate a fundamental change in the stoichiometric equations used to predict acidity from iron sulfide oxidation. The results of this study also indicate that water quality predictions associated with acid mine drainage can be based on fundamental thermodynamic relationships. As a result, waste management decisions can be based on waste-specific/site-specific test methods.
Poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel, multi-layer artery phantoms for optical coherence tomography

In this paper, we present recent development of phantoms of coronary arteries with representative mechanical properties. The phantoms were made of poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel (PVA-C). Multilayer phantoms were fabricated by an overmoulding process. The optical properties are adjusted in each layer by the different number of freeze-thaw cycles in combination with additives. The mechanical properties of the multilayer phantoms are characterized, and various means for improving the strain hardening are investigated.
In Silico Prediction and In Vivo Validation of Daphnia pulex Micrornas

Daphnia pulex, the crustacean with the first sequenced genome, is an important organism that has been widely used in ecological and toxicological research. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 21–25 nucleotide small non-coding RNAs that are involved in a myriad of physiological processes. In this research, we predicted 75 D. pulex miRNAs by sequence homology and secondary structure identification from the full genome sequence. Fourteen predicted miRNAs were selected for quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) validation. Out of these, eight (mir-8, mir-9, mir-12, mir-92, mir-100, mir-133, mir-153 and mir-283) were successfully amplified and validated. Next, expression levels were quantified at three different life stages (days 4, 8 and 12 of age) using U6 spliceosomal RNA as a reference gene. The expression of mir-8, mir-9, mir-12, mir-92 and mir-100 significantly differed across time suggesting these microRNAs might play a critical role during D. pulex development. This is the first study to identify and validate miRNAs in D. pulex, which is an important first step in further studies that evaluate their roles in development and response to environmental and ecological stimuli.
Use of Long-Term Memory in Impression Formation:

Based on a dual-process theory of memory, it was hypothesized that the primacy effects often observed in impression-formation studies are due to a reliance on information in long-term, as opposed to short-term, memory storage. Variables which have been shown to affect either long-term or short-term memory were therefore manipulated in two impression-formation experiments. It was found that a delay following stimulus presentation (which reduces short-term memory) had no effect on impressions while inclusion of an irrelevant task during stimulus presentation (which reduces long-term memory) significantly reduced the degree of impression primacy.
Recent progress in metallic cavity nanolasers of subwavelength sizes

This talk will review the most recent progress on metallic cavity nanolasers with sub-wavelength size cavities, especially the efforts towards the first demonstration of CW operation at room temperature under electrical injection.
Rotary ultrasonic machining for face milling of ceramics

Abstract Among the various material removal processes applicable to ceramic materials, rotary ultrasonic machining has the potential for high material removal rate while maintaining low machining pressure and resulting in less surface damage. The limitation of rotary ultrasonic machining is that only circular holes or cavities can be machined due to the rotary motion of the tool. Attempts have been made by other researchers to extend rotary ultrasonic machining process to machining flat surfaces or milling slots. However, these extensions either changed the material removal mechanisms or had some severe drawbacks. One of the reasons for this might be an insufficient understanding of the material removal mechanisms involved. In this paper, a new approach to extend rotary ultrasonic machining to face milling of ceramics is proposed, which keeps all the material removal mechanisms of rotary ultrasonic machining. The development of the experimental apparatus and the design of the cutting tool are described. Preliminary experimental results are presented and discussed.
On representations of the braid group

All the representations of the group of n-braids by transitive permutation groups of n letters were determined by Professor E. Artin. In his paper [I], he proved that, for n # 4, 6, the “natural” representation and the trivial representations are the only transitive representations (unique up to inner automorphism). In this paper the following statement appears: “It is not very surprising that the proof uses the existence of a prime between n/2 and n 2 for n 3 7, but it would be preferable if a proof could be found that does not make use of this fact.” This paper contains such a proof. The group of n-braids will be denoted B, and its generators by o, , c2 ,..., a,_, , satisfying the relations:
The Coordination and Transformations of a Dicarboxylate Substituted Allene on a Dimanganese Carbonyl Grouping

Two products, Mn2(CO)7(PMe2Ph)[μ-η2-η2-MeO2C(H)CCC-(H)CO2Me] (1) in 9% yield and Mn2(CO)6(PMe2Ph)[μ-η3-η1-MeO2CC(H)CC(H)CO2Me] (2) in 34% yield, were obtained from the reaction of Mn2(CO)8(PMe2Ph)(MeCN) with MeO2C(H)C=C=C(H)CO2Me. Compound 1 contains a bridging η2-η2-MeO2C(H)CCC(H)CO2Me allene ligand and compound 2 contains a bridging η3-η1-MeO2C(H)CCC(H)-CO2Me allene ligand in which the oxygen atom of one of the carbonyl groups is also coordinated. Compound 1 slowly converts to 2, which establishes that it is a precursor to 2. Compound 2 reacts with NEtH2 to give the mononuclear manganese complex fac-Mn(CO)3(PMe2Ph)[MeO2CCH2-C=C(H)CO2Me] (3) in 96% yield. Compound 3 contains a chelating 1,3-di(methoxycarbonyl)propenyl grouping formed by addition of a hydrogen atom to the allene and the loss of a manganese grouping. Compounds 1–3 were characterized by single crystal x-ray diffraction methods.
Creating particulate microstructures for two- and three-dimensional cell patterning

This paper reports a unique method of fabricating microstructures made up of polymeric microparticles. By combining the technical power of both electrospray and microfabrication, particulate microstructures with controlled dimensions and spatial positions are created. Such structures have an immediate use in live cell patterning, where cells can be confined within desired regions on planar and curved surfaces, and in three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds. This study will help the development of parallel on-chip cell assays for miniaturized total analysis.
Myocyte contractility with caspase inhibition and simulated hyperkalemic cardioplegic arrest

Abstract Background Exposure of left ventricular (LV) myocytes to simulated hyperkalemic cardioplegic arrest (HCA) has been demonstrated to perturb ionic homeostasis and adversely affect myocyte contractility on rewarming. Altered ionic homeostasis can cause cytosolic activation of the caspases. While caspases participate in apoptosis, these proteases can degrade myocyte contractile proteins, and thereby alter myocyte contractility. Accordingly, this study tested the hypothesis that caspase inhibition during HCA would attenuate the degree of myocyte contractile dysfunction upon rewarming, independent of a loss in myocyte viability. Methods Porcine (n = 8) LV myocytes were isolated and assigned to the following treatment groups: normothermic control: incubation in cell culture media for 2 hours at 37°C; HCA only: incubation for 2 hours in hypothermic HCA solution (4°C, 24 mEq K + ); or incubation in hypothermic HCA solution supplemented with 10 μM of the caspase inhibitor, z-VAD (z-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl-ketone, HCA+zVAD). Myocyte viability, assayed as a function of mitochondrial function, was determined to be similar in the normothermic and both HCA groups. Results The HCA caused a significant reduction in myocyte shortening velocity compared with normothermic control values (41 ± 6 versus 86 ± 8 μm/s, p p Conclusions Independent of changes in viability, caspase inhibition attenuated myocyte contractile dysfunction after HCA and rewarming. Thus, caspase activation during HCA contributes, at least in part, to impaired myocyte contractility with rewarming. Supplementation of HCA with caspase inhibitors may provide a means to preserve myocyte contractile function after cardioplegic arrest.
Corrigendum zu „Wilhelm Klingenberg, 1924–2010“

In meinem Nachruf auf Wilhelm Klingenberg, Jahresbericht der DMV 114 (2012), 163–170, habe ich am Anfang eine moglicherweise missverstandliche Formulierung gewahlt, die ich gerne zurechtrucken mochte: „Wilhelm Klingenberg hat fur die Differentialgeometrie in Deutschland nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg eine ahnliche Bedeutung wie Marcel Berger fur Frankreich oder Manfredo Do Carmo fur Brasilien: Fast alle, die heute in Deutschland mit diesem Fach zu tun haben, sind in irgendeiner Weise mit Klingenberg verbunden, als direkte oder indirekte Schuler von ihm selbst oder von Kollegen, die mit ihm eng verbunden waren.“ Diese Formulierung hat fur Irritationen gesorgt, die nicht beabsichtigt waren und die ich bedauere. Meine Formulierung tragt vielleicht der Tatsache nicht genugend Rechnung, dass es sowohl in der damaligen Bundesrepublik als auch in der DDR wichtige Entwicklungen in der Differentialgeometrie und globalen Analysis gab, die von Wilhelm Klingenberg wenig oder gar nicht beeinflusst waren. Statt „fast alle“ hatte ich daher lieber „viele“ schreiben sollen.
Localization of putative calcium-responsive regions in the rat BDNF gene.

Abstract Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has potent trophic and protective actions on CNS neurons, including mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons, ventral forebrain cholinergic neurons and spinal motor neurons. To evaluate the effects of calcium and other second messengers on BDNF gene transcription, C6 glioma cells were treated for 4 h with the calcium ionophore A23187, forskolin + isobutyl-methyl-xanthine (IBMX), or the phorbol ester, 12–O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that A23187 treatment increased BDNF transcripts containing the protein coding exon by 4.4–6.4-fold. Alternate BDNF transcripts were elevated to varying degrees after treatment with this ionophore and a subset of these transcripts was elevated following forskolin + IBMX treatment. When co-incubated with the RNA polymerase inhibitor, actinomycin D, A23187-induced increases were reduced or abolished, suggesting that calcium-mediated regulation of BDNF mRNA expression occurs at transcriptional as well as post-transcriptional levels. Transient transfection experiments employing reporter constructs containing serial 5′ deletions of alternate BDNF promoters suggested that A23187-induced elevations in BDNF exon 1b, 1d and 1e containing transcripts are mediated by putative calcium-responsive regions flanking all three of these exons.
Effects of exercise intensity, duration, and time of day on fibrinolytic activity in physically active men

The purposes of this investigation were to determine: 1) whether the fibrinolytic responses to acute, submaximal exercise were best related to intensity, duration, or total caloric expenditure; and 2) whether the time of day exercise is performed affects the fibrinolytic response. Twelve physically active men (mean age = 34.8 +/- 4.0 yr) performed four 30-min exercise sessions: 50% VO2max, a.m. and p.m., and 80% VO2max, a.m. and p.m. Blood samples were analyzed for tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) activity and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity. Data were analyzed using a three-way ANOVA with repeated measures. TPA activity: preexercise TPA did not differ among the four sessions. TPA increased with exercise in all sessions except the 50% a.m. session. Exercise at 80% increased TPA more than 50% (P < 0.001) and evening sessions increased TPA more than morning sessions (P < 0.05). PAI-1 activity: preexercise PAI-1 activity was higher during the morning than evening and significantly decreased with exercise in all sessions except the 50% p.m. session. It was concluded that changes in fibrinolytic activity appear to be influenced primarily by exercise intensity rather than duration or total caloric expenditure. Additionally, time of day of exercise performance significantly influenced fibrinolytic activity.
Three-dimensional problems of strongly interacting arbitrarily located penny-shaped cracks

Three-dimensional elastic interactions of arbitrarily located and oriented penny-shaped cracks are considered, and solutions for the stress intensity factors (SIFs) are obtained for several crack geometries. The work is based on the method of analysis of many cracks problems developed by Kachanov [1]. Unlike most of the results available in literature, the obtained solutions remain accurate for closely spaced, strongly interacting cracks. The effects of stress “shielding” and “amplification” and the influence of various geometrical factors are examined. The simplest crack-microcrack interactions in three dimensions are considered. The approximations of “weak interactions” and of “widely spaced cracks” are discussed. The interactions that are weak in their impact on the effective elastic constants may be strong in their impact on SIFs; this indicates that no simple relation between the deterioration of elastic stiffness of a microcracking solid and its progression towards failure seems to exist.
Does Graded Histologic Response After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Predict Survival for Completely Resected Gastric Cancer

After publication of the MAGIC trial results, preoperative chemotherapy is increasingly used to treat advanced gastric cancer before resection. Tools for measuring response must be assessed. We identified all patients with gastric cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and R0 resection between 1991 and 2005 from a prospective database. Patients receiving preoperative radiation were excluded. Histologic response to treatment was graded from 0% to 100% by a single pathologist. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to identify the relationship between response and outcome and to identify factors predictive of disease-specific survival (DSS). Multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent predictors. A total of 168 patients underwent R0 resection after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Thirty-three percent of tumors were at the gastroesophageal junction. Cisplatin-based therapy was used for 68% of patients. Twenty-two percent of patients had a >50% pathologic response to treatment. Median follow-up after resection for all patients was 25 months. Median DSS for all patients was 33 months. Three-year DSS improved from 44% to 69% with at least a 50% histologic response (P = .01). Factors associated with decreased DSS included positive nodes at resection, pT3 tumor or greater, high grade, perineural or vascular invasion, and <50% response. Multivariate analysis identified nodal status and perineural or vascular invasion as independent predictors of survival. Posttreatment nodal status and perineural or vascular invasion at resection, but not graded histologic response, independently predict DSS after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical resection of gastric cancer.
Beams for kaon research

Abstract A proposed 1–2 GeV/c kaon beam line for BNL, designed to deliver momentum analyzed negative kaon beams with intensities above 106 per spill, is discussed. The beam intensity is expected to be about an order of magnitude greater than presently available and it is expected to be a clean beam with no more than 1:1 (π−, μ−, e−)/K−. The beam line will allow a detailed investigation of strangeness −2 systems as well as continued investigations of strangeness −1 systems.
On spectral multigrid methods for the time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations

A new splitting scheme is proposed for the numerical solution of the time-dependent incompressible Navier-Stokes equations by spectral methods. A staggered grid is used for the pressure, improved intermediate boundary conditions are employed in the split step for the velocity, and spectral multigrid techniques are used for the solution of the implicit equations.
Effects of stroke severity and training duration on locomotor recovery after stroke: a pilot study.

Background. Locomotor training using partial body weight-supported treadmill (BWST) walking has been widely investigated for people after stroke, yet there remains a lack of evidence concerning the...
Production-to-order or production-to-stock: the endogenous choice of institution in experimental auction markets

Abstract Markets are organized so that buyers and sellers have a choice of participating in production-to-stock or production-to-order auctions. A production-to-stock (PTS) institution requires the seller to hold inventory before trading. Data from computerized double auctions are analyzed. Inventory cost diminishes trading activity. When the choice of institution is endogenous, sales from stock are about 15 percent of the total. When there is only a PTS market, econometric estimates show sellers as a group seek higher prices and seller surplus is relatively high. A production-to-order choice increases buyer surplus and market efficiency.
Clock design and analysis for a superconductive crossbar switch

As supercomputers continue to move towards more powerful processors and parallelization, fast switching structures to route data signals between processors and shared memory become essential, and in fact, may be a primary limiting factor in overall computational throughput. The fast switching network under consideration in this paper is a crossbar switch employing superconducting Josephson junction (JJ) and multichip module (MCM) technologies. This paper focuses on the design and simulation of the clock distribution network, located within the MCM, that will provide the necessary timing mechanism for data signals traveling through the crossbar switch.
The Positives and Negatives of Twitter: Exploring How Student-Athletes Use Twitter and Respond to Critical Tweets

Twitter has become a popular topic in sport communication research. Little research to date, however, has examined Twitter from the perspective of student-athletes. This research explored how student-athletes at an NCAA Division I university used Twitter and reacted to critical tweets from fans. Semistructured interviews with 20 student-athletes were conducted. Analysis revealed that student-athletes used Twitter in 3 primary ways: keeping in contact, communicating with followers, and accessing information. With respect to critical tweets, student-athletes reported various perceptions about them and diverse strategies for responding to them. The results suggest that Twitter is a beneficial communicative tool for student-athletes but also presents challenges, given the ease with which fans attack them via this social-media platform. Accordingly, athletic departments must be proactive in helping student-athletes use Twitter strategically, particularly in responding to detractors.
Curriculum for Highly Able Learners that Conforms to General Education and Gifted Education Quality Indicators.

Legislative measures designed to ensure that all students meet minimal expectations have concerned leaders in gifted education. In this current educational climate of standards and accountability, however, there is arguably greater agreement than ever before between experts and professional organizations in general education and their counterparts in gifted education on what constitutes high-quality curriculum. Toward demonstrating that many groups of learners, gifted among them, stand to benefit from the consensus, this paper (a) synthesizes guidance from curricular voices in both fields; (b) evaluates the viability of 3 gifted education curriculum models—the Integrated Curriculum Model (VanTassel-Baska, 1986), the Multiple Menu Model (Renzulli, 1988) and the Parallel Curriculum Model (Tomlinson et al., 2002)—to conform to these guidelines and contribute to exemplary curriculum design for all learners, including those who are highly able; and (c) offers suggestions for how general education and gifted ed...
Rift-Associated Igneous Activity in Eastern North America

Although many of the prominent features of the eastern North American rift systems were developed in Triassic to Cretaceous time, much of the fracture system was formed in the late Precambrian. The associated igneous activity was episodic, beginning in the Proterozoic with the intrusion of a diabase dike swarm along the north side of the Ottawa graben. This was followed in the Cambrian by the emplacement of an anorthosite body and several alkali syenite and granite complexes along the northern side of the St. Lawrence rift valley. The most widespread activity came in early Jurassic time with the extrusion of tholeiitic basalts which are now preserved in the down-faulted Triassic-Jurassic basins along the eastern seaboard. This activity has been correlated with the early opening of the North Atlantic. The White Mountain complexes, which began forming during the final subsidence of the down-faulted basins, formed a belt of intrusions with generally decreasing ages toward the southeast. These may have formed as the North American plate moved over a hot spot, which later formed the New England seamounts [20]. Finally, in Cretaeous time strongly alkaline, critically undersaturated magmas were intruded at the intersection of the Ottawa and St. Lawrence rift valleys to form the Monteregian intrusions.
Combined Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation in Cortical Cell Culture: Calcium-dependent and Calcium-independent Mechanisms of Neuronal Injury

Murine neocortical cell cultures were transiently deprived of both oxygen and glucose, producing widespread neuronal swelling in less than 60 min, followed by neuronal degeneration over the ensuing several hours, despite return to normal medium. Cultured glia (> 95% astrocytes) were irreversibly injured only by oxygen-glucose deprivation exposures exceeding 4–6 hr. Replacing either Na+ or Cl- with impermeant ions blocked acute neuronal swelling but did not prevent delayed neuronal degeneration. While neuronal swelling and death were increased by removing Ca2+ from the exposure medium, combined removal of extracellular Ca2+ together with Na+ or Cl- substitution blocked both acute and delayed injury. If acute swelling was limited by a hyperosmolar medium, then neuronal loss depended on extracellular [Ca2+]. Oxygen-glucose deprivation was associated with a large increase in extracellular glutamate concentration. Both early swelling and later neuronal degeneration were blocked by addition of NMDA receptor antagonists to the exposure medium but not by the AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), dihydropyridines nifedipine or nimodipine, or TTX. Oxygen- glucose deprivation induced substantial neuronal uptake of tracer 45Ca2+ from the exposure medium that was reduced by NMDA receptor antagonists and closely paralleled the degree of subsequent neuronal loss. These observations suggest the presence of two distinct components of hypoxic injury, each involving NMDA receptor activation and each capable of leading to neuronal death. Acute swelling is mediated by influx of Na+, Cl-, and water, and is enhanced by removal of extracellular Ca2+. Delayed neuronal degeneration depends on the presence of extracellular Ca2+ and correlates closely with cellular uptake of 45Ca2+.
Toward a Paradigm for Respondent Bias in Survey Research

(1969). Toward a Paradigm for Respondent Bias in Survey Research. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 113-121.
Advances in the Study of Spirit Experience: Drawing Together Many Threads

This article traces some important changes in anthropology during the last 100 years, especially with regard to the study of consciousness. Vignettes of the field material of a number of scholars given here exemplify that the philosophy under which we have studied in the past is now no longer limiting itself but is extending its provenance all the way to the study of spirituality. Earlier, the concept of liminality broke through social anthropology and loosened the power of Durkheim, while the study of what the old consciousness scholars called psi proved ineradicable from researchers' reports and keeps coming back. Arising from whatever causes, there has been a literature explosion on spirituality and shamanism in the last fifteen years. This article draws the following conclusion from the vivid field examples given: that a thing variously called spirit-energy is everywhere and is commonly accepted at the heart of the ritual of all the different societies.
An Experimental Study of the Effect on the Attitude of Listeners of Repeating the Same Oral Propaganda

(1952). An Experimental Study of the Effect on the Attitude of Listeners of Repeating the Same Oral Propaganda. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 175-184.
Flavor volatilcs, sugars and color development in ripening in vitro‐cultured tomato fruit and calyx

Previous studies showed that the developmental program of calyces of a tomato cultivar (Lycopersicon esculentum, cv. VFNT Cherry) changed in many aspects to that of fruit when cultured in vitro. The calyces turned red, produced ethylene, had increased tissue content of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, had increased levels of the mRNA of polygalacturonase and developed ultrastructural changes in their cell walls that were indistinguishable from those of ripe tomato fruit tissue. We report in the present study the synthesis of volatile flavor compounds, changes in sugar concentrations and color development in cultured calyces that are characteristic of ripening tomato fruit. These ripening parameters of in vitro-cultured tomato fruit were also compared to those of fruit grown in the greenhouse.
Assessment of reproductive risks.

In the regulatory process, the hazards posed by potentially toxic agents to the female and male reproductive systems and to developing young are evaluated by risk assessment procedures. In this paper, toxicity testing and the regulatory process are discussed, with emphasis on risk assessment. The suggested testing protocols of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines (U.S. EPA) are presented as an example of testing that might be done to produce toxicity data for an agent. Protocols and end points that are utilized in testing for reproductive effects are described. Included are acute, subcbronic, chronic, and short-term tests. The four components of reproductive risk assessment (hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk cbaracterization) are examined. Effects of dibromochioropropane on rabbit testicular parameters are used to demonstrate approaches that could be taken in doing a reproductive risk assessment. Research needs for screening methods, adequate dose-response testing, toxicokinetics, end point development, and extrapolation methods are identified. Finally, this paper discusses selected areas in which changes in reproductive risk assessment are anticipated, as well as the mechanism for influencing the nature and extent of those changes.
Development of Superconducting Resonators for the Argonne Heavy-Ion Linac

Recent developments include a method for conditioning resonators which has produced a significant increase in accelerating gradient and also a design for a split-ring resonator with an optimum particle velocity of 0.16 c. Results of using a 1500 watt rf source to condition superconducting split-ring resonators are described. By repetitively pulsing for a few msec to field levels as high as an 8 MV/m effective accelerating field Ea, electron loading at high field levels has been substantially reduced. After such conditioning, continuous operation at Ea > 6 MV/m, corresponding to a peak surface electric field of 30 MV/m, has been obtained. A split-ring resonator designed for an optimum particle velocity s = v/c = 0.16 is also described. The 145.5 MHz resonator is contained in the same 16 inch diameter, 14 inch length housing used for the s = 0.1 Argonne split-ring. In design of the split ring element, a 20% reduction in peak surface electric field has been achieved with no significant increase in surface magnetic field.
Essentials of Recombinase-Based Genetic Fate Mapping in Mice

Fate maps, by defining the relationship between embryonic tissue organization and postnatal tissue structure, are one of the most important tools on hand to developmental biologists. In the past, generating such maps in mice was hindered by their in utero development limiting the physical access required for traditional methods involving tracer injection or cell transplantation. No longer is physical access a requirement. Innovations over the past decade have led to genetic techniques that offer means to "deliver" cell lineage tracers noninvasively. Such "genetic fate mapping" approaches employ transgenic strategies to express genetically encoded site-specific recombinases in a cell type-specific manner to switch on expression of a cell-heritable reporter transgene as lineage tracer. The behaviors and fate of marked cells and their progeny can then be explored and their contributions to different tissues examined. Here, we review the basic concepts of genetic fate mapping and consider the strengths and limitations for their application. We also explore two refinements of this approach that lend improved spatial and temporal resolution: (1) Intersectional and subtractive genetic fate mapping and (2) Genetic inducible fate mapping.
Characterization of Aqueous Two-Phase Systems from Volume and Density Measurements

Polymeric aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) are widely used in bioseparation processes. Characterizing the phase diagram of an ATPS is critical to identify working concentrations of polymers that result in two immiscible aqueous phases for such applications. We describe a new approach to computationally construct the binodal curve of an ATPS based on the mass balance of phase-forming polymers and only using empirical volume and density of equilibrated phases of several two-phase solutions from the ATPS. A major benefit of this method is that it simultaneously returns compositions of top and bottom phases of all two-phase solutions used to generate the binodal curve and, as a result, resolves tie-lines and the critical point of the phase diagram. We validate this approach by comparing it with a widely used turbidometric titration technique for constructing binodals of polymer–polymer and polymer–salt systems, the accuracy of locating the critical point on a phase diagram, and by comparing compositions of eq...
Application of dynamic optical tomography for the detection of a multi-phase physiologic response to Valsalva maneuver in healthy breast tissue

We demonstrate the ability of dynamic optical tomography to detect and provide mathematical models of multi-phase physiologic behavior within normal tissue in response to a Valsalva maneuver.
Haploporus odorus: A sacred fungus in traditional Native American culture of the northern plains

The Indigenous Peoples of the northern American plains used Haploporus odorus to ornament sacred robes, human scalp necklaces and other cul- tural properties. The fungus was also a component of medicine bundles and used for protection against illness. Numerous collections, some dating to the ear- ly 1800s, from the Blackfoot, Blood, Cree and other northern plains tribes indicate this fungus was used widely as a component of sacred objects and as a sym- bol of spiritual power. The exceedingly fragrant an- ise-like scent of H. odorus sporophores appears to be the reason this fungus was selected and revered. Col- lection notes and historic photographs provide ad- ditional evidence for the importance of this fungus in traditional Native American culture. The signifi- cance of this fungus has remained obscure due to misidentification of the fungus as carved cottonwood roots, loss of information on traditional Native Amer- ican culture over the last century and lack of previous ethnomycological investigation.
Structural Variations of Amyloid β-Protein Fibrils Seeded with Extracted Fibrils from Brain Tissue of Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice

In our previous studies by electron microscopy (EM) and two dimensional infrared spectroscopy of amyloid fibrils prepared in vitro from synthetic 40-residue β-amyloid (Aβ40) peptides, it was shown that the Aβ40 fibril structure and its molecular structure are not uniquely determined by amino acid sequence. Instead, the fibril structure is dependent upon the growth conditions. The molecular structures of β-amyloid fibrils that develop in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are therefore uncertain. In this study, fibrils extracted from brain tissue of AD model mice (three strains of aged transgenic mice with increased levels of human amyloid proteins, 3xTg-AD, J20Tg-AD and 5xFAD) were used to seed the growth of synthetic Aβ40 fibrils. Because amyloid fibril structures propagate themselves via seeded growth, the structures of seeded Aβ40 fibrils likely reflect structures in AD brain. Negatively stained EM images indicate that seeded fibrils tend to appear twisted like a ribbon, with periodic narrowing or nodes. The distances between nodes (the “internodal” distances) were relatively homogeneous distributions (∼145 nm) in the 3xTg-AD and J20Tg-AD mice. In 5xFAD, on the other hand, fibrils having short internodal distances (∼30 nm) were observed in addition to the distributions (∼145 nm) which were measured in two other strains of mice. The mass-per-length (MPL) evaluated from dark-field EM images indicates that the most prevalent numbers of filaments in fibrils are 3 and 4 but the dominant number of the filaments is dependent on the source of the fibril seeds. Overall, these results demonstrate that AD model mouse brain-derived fibrils have a distinct fibril structures, and the model most relevant to human AD has yet to be determined.
Simulation of MHD Turbulence-Chemistry Interaction in Supersonic Flow

of scramjet engines, it is necessary to develop new techniques to increase the mixing and flameholding properties at high Mach numbers of current scramjet designs. This paper investigates the high-temperature chemistry and plasmadynamic eects of a discharge arc in a supersonic shear layer. This is the first step in developing a clear understanding of the physics governing flameholding and mixing in scramjets. Magnetohydrodyamic source terms are included in fluid conservation equations and the electron energy conservation equation is added to the solution set. This allows the modeling of additional terms such as Ohmic heating, ionization energy loss, and heat transfer through electron and heavy particle collision. The large-eddy simulation (LES) equations are derived and closed using a local-dynamic kinetic energy model (LDKM). The magnetohydrodynamic LES equations are solved numerically under the low Magnetic Reynolds assumption, and the magnetohydrodynamic subgrid terms are ignored in the current work, although these assumptions can be easily relaxed. A chemical kinetic model proposed by Chul Park, which uses 11 species and 51 reactions, simulates the radical distributions in the vicinity of the plasma. Results for a plasma source in a supersonic flow are discussed in this paper.
Production function analysis of maize production in China

The main factors affecting maize production,such as the effective planted areas and the unit area input cost factors,were analyzed to develop methods to raise the maize yield to ensure food and energy security in China.The unit area input cost factors included the chemical fertilizer,farm fertilizer,pesticide,irrigation and drainage,machine,and labor input.The product model used a maize econometric function model to analyze the effects of the main factors on the maize production for the past 20 years.The results show that the planted areas and fertilizer input are the most important factors,whereas other factors including technical progress have less effect though they can not be ignored.
Predictors of Psychological and Physiological Stress during Inpatient Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder

ABSTRACTStress can negatively affect recovery from alcohol use disorder. In this study, the authors examined factors that may predict levels of perceived and physiological stress during inpatient treatment. Predictors included pretreatment quantity/frequency of drinking, alcohol use expectancies, and family history of alcohol use disorder. Patients with higher cortisol levels endorsed fewer positive alcohol expectancies, whereas those with a greater family history of alcohol use disorder and higher pretreatment drinking perceived greater stress. Gender and length of abstinence were not significant influences. These findings provide a glimpse into subjective perceptions and physiological indicators of stress during inpatient treatment and could have implications for successful recovery strategies.
Real-time awake animal motion tracking system for SPECT imaging

Enhancements have been made in the development of a real-time optical pose measurement and tracking system that provides 3D position and orientation data for a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging system for awake, unanesthetized, unrestrained small animals. Three optical cameras with infrared (IR) illumination view the head movements of an animal enclosed in a transparent burrow. Markers placed on the head provide landmark points for image segmentation. Strobed IR LED’s are synchronized to the cameras and illuminate the markers to prevent motion blur for each set of images. The system using the three cameras automatically segments the markers, detects missing data, rejects false reflections, performs trinocular marker correspondence, and calculates the 3D pose of the animal’s head. Improvements have been made in methods for segmentation, tracking, and 3D calculation to give higher speed and more accurate measurements during a scan. The optical hardware has been installed within a Siemens MicroCAT II small animal scanner at Johns Hopkins without requiring functional changes to the scanner operation. The system has undergone testing using both phantoms and live mice and has been characterized in terms of speed, accuracy, robustness, and reliability. Experimental data showing these motion tracking results are given.