cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vinorelbine (Navelbine): a third-generation vinca alkaloid.

The vinca alkaloids represent one of the oldest classes of antineoplastic agents used in humans with a wide spectrum of activity against both animal and human tumors. These agents are known to inhibit microtubule polymerization. Vinorelbine is a semisynthetic analog that reached Clinical Trial on the basis of less preclinical evidence of toxicity to neuronal tissue and greater cytotoxic activity in preclinical models than the older compounds of this class. In humans, the clearance of this agent shows a wide variation among subjects with the predominant toxicity being hematological. Significant antitumor activity has been observed in diseases that previously have been shown to respond to vinca alkaloids.
Microwave synthesized magnetic tubular carbon nanocomposite fabrics toward electrochemical energy storage

Contrary to the helical carbon structure from pure cotton fabrics under microwave heating and radical oxidized ignition of nanoparticles from conventional heating, magnetic carbon tubular nanocomposite fabrics decorated with uniformly dispersed Co–Co3O4 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a microwave heating process using cotton fabric and inorganic salt as precursors, which have shown better anti-corrosive performance and demonstrated great potential as novel electrochemical pseudocapacitor electrode.
Optimal scanning strategy for vehicular Wi-Fi

As many open Wi-Fi access points are deployed in hotspots for public use, research is being conducted to use them opportunistically from moving vehicles. A key to make use of the short, opportunistic connections between moving vehicles and open Wi-Fi access points is the ability to scan for open access points quickly, but current implementation of the IEEE 802.11 standards has a long scanning delay. In this paper we compare some scanning methods in the literature and propose an optimal scanning strategy that minimizes the scanning time for vehicular Wi-Fi. Through mathematical analysis and computer simulations, we show that this strategy can find an open access point in the minial average number of scans and thus gives moving vehicles longer connections to receive and deliver data.
Selection of a Third‐Party Logistics Provider: Capturing the Interaction and Influence of Performance Metrics with the Analytical Network Process

When a business decides to outsource its logistics operations to improve its performance, the organization will need to select a third-party logistics provider (3PL) that shares common goals and satisfies service level requirements. In this paper, we identify a set of 3PL performance measures from the perspective of the supply chain and organize them into a time-phased format, beginning with the post production stage and continuing through the delivery of the goods to the customer distribution center. The supply chain flow is presented as a Metrics Arrow. To integrate the performance metrics (PM) into one model, we propose an analytical network process (ANP) to capture all PM and to understand the interrelated influences among them. Additionally, to derive the weights for PM, the proposed ANP model offers managerial insight into the relative impact of each metric as well as warning signals or trigger points within the network of PM. The model provides a realistic framework to choose the 3PL that can help achieve the greatest improvements within the supply chain. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interhemispheric asymmetry in the transient response of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model to a CO2 forcing

Abstract Numerical experiments are carried out using a general circulation model of a coupled ocean-atmosphere system with idealized geography, exploring the transient response of climate to a rapid increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The computational domain of the model is bounded by meridians 120 degrees apart, and includes two hemispheres. The ratio of land to sea at each latitude corresponds to the actual land-sea ratio for the present geography of the Earth. At the latitude of the Drake Passage the entire sector is occupied by ocean. In the equivalent of the Northern Hemisphere the ocean delays the climate response to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide. The delay is of the order of several decades, a result corresponding to previous modeling studies. At high latitudes of the equivalent of the ocean-covered Southern Hemisphere, on the other hand, there is no warming at the sea surface, and even a slight cooling over the 50-year duration of the experiment. Two main factors appear to be involved....
Numerical Simulations of Airflow and Cloud Distributions over the Windward Side of the Island of Hawaii. Part II: Nocturnal Flow Regime

Abstract Numerical experiments are performed with the fifth generation Mesoscale Model to study the evolution of island airflow, thermodynamic fields, and clouds over the island of Hawaii at night. The model has successfully simulated the major observed features associated with the nocturnal flow regime. These include the formation of nocturnal inversion, development, gradual offshore extension and deepening of the katabatic flow, shifting of the overall cloudy areas from the windward slopes to the ocean, and generation of clouds within the simulated offshore convergence zone. Furthermore, it is also shown that rain evaporative cooling affects the depth, strength, and offshore extension of the katabatic flow. In the early evening, the nocturnal cooling provides the land–sea thermal contrasts for the development of the simulated downslope flow on the windward slopes. With continued nocturnal cooling and rain evaporation, the simulated katabatic flow extends toward the coast. The simulated convergence zone ...
Microangiography in Bone Healing

The blood supply of healing undisplaced closed fractures of the radius and tibia in adult mongrel dogs was studied by means of microangiograms and histological preparations. The microangiograms were prepared from decalcified longitudinal slices across the fracture site, one millimeter in thickness. The corresponding histological preparations were made from the same slices of tissue. The vascular pattern at the site of fracture, at intervals from one day to eight weeks after fracture, was compared with the normal vascular pattern. Immediately after fracture there was a marked opening up of the existing arterial tree. With the advancement of healing, both medullary and periosteal circulations increased greatly by the development of new blood vessels; but the medullary arterial system, when intact, played the major role in the supply of blood to the uniting callus and in the revascularization of the necrotic cortex at the fracture site. The ascendency of the medullary blood supply increased as healing progressed. In the dog the normal configuration of the blood supply of the compacta is similar to that in man; the inner two-thirds of the cortex is supplied by branches of the nutrient artery. Our experimental findings in the dog support clinical experience. The periosteal circulation of long bones can take over when the medullary circulation has been interrupted by displacement of the fracture fragments or by surgery—as will be described in subsequent reports of experiments in progress. However, the medullary arterial supply, when available, dominates the vascular picture in rapid fracture healing.
War and Women's Political Citizenship: The American Revolution as a Critical Juncture

This paper examines the impact on women's political citizenship of the American revolutionary heritage that constitutionally established a republican form of government on the basis of a violent premise that ideological and institutionally destroyed its monarchical heritage. The theory of monarchical government is based on principles of status and obligation as derived from assumptions about inherited group inequalities and the fusion of the family with the state. The theory of liberal government is based on principles of contract and rights as derived from assumptions about inalienable individual equality and the separation of the family from the state. For a liberal government to deliver on its promise to include more of its populous in political rule, such as women, it is necessary that its public policies embody not only principles of individual equality, but also principles of positive group difference in general and the association of the state with familial tasks, such as care-work, in particular. This paper demonstrates that countries that destroy too absolutely their monarchical heritage when democratizing by means of a violent revolution, such as the United States, discredit the very principles that will prove to be necessary to complete their democratic project in subsequent decades, namely, the adoption of public policies based on positive group difference and the association of the family with the state. For example, it is the democracies that retained their monarchies when democratizing or merely let them fade away that were the first to extend the right to vote to women in contrast to revolutionary republics, such as the United States and France, which did not do so until as late as 1920 and 1944 respectively. In addition, contemporary democracies that by-pass revolutionary violence when making the transition from a monarchy to a democracy also are those that subsequently affirm positive group rights policies, such as welfare provision and gender quotas, both of which enhance the civic capacity of voters and women's election to political office. Thus, this research analyzes how the violent origin of the American state constitutes a critical juncture in American Political Development that illuminates why America today remains a laggard when it comes to electing women to political representation.
QPRTs: Planning for Personal Residence and Family Issues

Mark Lee Levine and Libbi Levine, both of the University of Denver, examine planning techniques using qualified personal residence trusts.
Stochastic Processes for Physicists: Some applications of Gaussian noise

Physics: Brownian motion In 1827, a scientist named Robert Brown used a microscope to observe the motion of tiny pollen grains suspended in water. These tiny grains jiggle about with a small but rapid and erratic motion, and this motion has since become known as Brownian motion in recognition of Brown's pioneering work. Einstein was the first to provide a theoretical treatment of this motion (in 1905), and in 1908 the French physicist Paul Langevin provided an alternative approach to the problem. The approach we will take here is very similar to Langevin's, although a little more sophisticated, since the subject of Ito calculus was not developed until the 1940s. The analysis is motivated by the realization that the erratic motion of the pollen grains comes from the fact that the liquid is composed of lumps of matter (molecules), and that these are bumping around randomly and colliding with the pollen grain. Because the motion of the molecules is random, the net force on the pollen grain fluctuates in both size and direction depending on how many molecules hit it at any instant, and whether there are more impacts on one side of it or another. To describe Brownian motion we will assume that there is a rapidly fluctuating force on the molecule, and that the fluctuations of this force are effectively white noise.
1014 Higher Specialist Training in Ireland. Learning from the Graduates 2005–2011

Background and Aims The Higher Specialist Training (HST) program in General Paediatrics was initiated in 1999. The first graduates to complete the full program received their CSCST in 2005. There are 15 graduates per year. This study evaluated whether graduates believed core competencies of the HST curriculum were achieved and assessed their perceptions of its strengths and weaknesses. Methods The lack of an accurate database resulted in a convenience sample being utilized. Demographic data obtained included year of program entry and current position. The survey utilized a Likert scoring system (cuing at 1, not at all, cuing at 6, definitely) to evaluate the training process relating to clinical skills, research abilities, health economics. Qualitative questions allowed for personal reflections on the training process both positive and negative. Responses were analyzed for themes. Results Data were analyzed from a convenience sample of 25 responses (1/3 of all trainees). The M:F ratio was 3:1. Twenty three graduates (92%) completed overseas fellowships. Mean Likert scores were clinical competency (4.8), basic science knowledge (4.9), evidence based medicine application (3.7), ability to work as academic supervisor (3.3), research skills (2.9), health economics (2.3) and health policy (2.3). Negative themes from qualitative analysis included the adverse impact of excessive service provision on training and the lack of structured career advancement. Most felt clinically competent compared to international colleagues. Conclusion Clinical competency is achieved through the HST program. Specific training is required for health management, policy and research aspects of training.
The relationships of body temperature to weight gain, feed consumption, and feed utilization in broilers under heat stress

Commercial broiler males were used to evaluate body temperature response to heat stress and its relationship to gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio. Individual gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio were obtained from 28 to 49 d in a heat stress environment (32 C) and compared to a 21 C environment. Body temperatures were measured at 28, 35, and 42 d, then daily from 43 to 48 d, and correlated with 28 to 49 d gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio. Feather cover was measured at 51 d of age as a percentage of BW. Initial 28-d body temperature was not significantly different between 21 and 32 C. Body temperature was significantly higher in the 32 C environment after 7 d of heat stress and was significantly higher than at 21 C at all points through 21 d of heat stress, with mean differences ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 C. Feather weight as a percentage of BW was significantly greater in the 21 C environment (6.22%) than the 32 C environment (5.03%). Mortality was not affected by the heat stress environment. Correlations between body temperature and gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio were low and nonsignificant for most periods in the 21 C environment. In the 32 C environment, body temperature was significantly correlated with gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio after 7 d of heat stress, with mean correlations of -0.40 for gain, -0.31 for feed consumption, and 0.24 for feed conversion ratio in Replicate 1 and -0.44 for gain, -0.40 for feed consumption, and 0.43 for feed conversion ratio in Replicate 2.
The Pattern of Movements of Adults of the Northern Corn Rootworm Inside and Outside of Corn Fields

The digestive tracts and ovaries of Diabrotica longicornis Say collected periodically inside and outside of corn fields were examined. Based on the type of pollen present in the digestive tract and the stage of ovarian development, the movements of beetles into and out of corn fields and the relationship of such movements to oviposition were studied. The results suggest a pattern of movement as follows: (a) During the early portion of the season, while corn pollen was fresh, the beetles fed mainly within the corn fields. (b) When food became scarce within the corn field in which beetles emerged, they began to disperse. They were found in corn fields with younger plants, or in fields of other crops in bloom. During this random dispersal they may also have stopped, at least momentarily, in corn fields where food was no longer available. (c) Those females which contained sufficient numbers of ripe eggs were attracted to the corn field specifically for oviposition. The food factor was not crucial at this point. The nature of the factors responsible for this attraction is not known. (d) Since the oviposition period of a given female lasted for 3 weeks, the beetles probably engaged in feeding excursions out of corn fields interspersed with oviposition trips back to the corn fields. (e) After oviposition was completed, the females became less active and remained in the corn field.
Water in nominally anhydrous minerals: Implications for partial melting and strain localization in the lower crust

Low concentrations (tens to hundreds of parts per million) of water in nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMs) of the mantle have been shown to significantly affect the rheology, depth of depressurization melting, and many other properties of the mantle. In this contribution, we evaluate the effect of trace concentrations of water in NAMs on melting of lower continental crust. Water locked in structural sites and in fluid inclusions in nominally anhydrous minerals in lower crustal granitoids may act as a flux for partial melting of these source rocks. Water concentrations of 3000 ppm in minerals that make up large volumes of crustal rocks (K-feldspar, plagioclase, quartz) would lower the dry solidus of granite by 273 °C at 1 GPa. Measurements and maps of water concentration in variably deformed samples of the Stevenson Granite from northern Saskatchewan (Canada) show that, during deformation and recrystallization of K-feldspar megacrysts, water migrated from the interior of megacrysts to finer-grained matrix material. Dark, fine-grained, water-richer matrix material consisting of quartz, plagioclase, alkali feldspar, and fine iron oxides are interpreted to be former melt films that resulted, at least in part, from fluxing by NAM-derived water. Deformation may play a role in moving water from NAMs to phase boundaries where generation of partial melt may lead to further rock weakening and further release of water from NAMs.
Fractured Legacies and Dialogical Selfhood in Charlotte Roche's Feuchtgebiete (2008) and Schoßgebete (2011)

Historical attempts among German feminists to cultivate female autonomy date back to the mid-nineteenth century and provide an important reference point for generationally inflected debates among feminists in 2008. Rather than positioning themselves against the patriarchy, however, a younger generation expressed its desire for more individualistic approaches that challenged the collective aims of older feminists. Charlotte Roche's controversial novel Feuchtgebiete appeared in 2008 as well, and she joined the forces assailing outmoded feminist approaches. Strikingly, her subsequent novel Schosgebete (2011) included Alice Schwarzer as target of disdain. Yet Feuchtgebiete demonstrates a dialogical selfhood of simultaneous difference and affiliation; its protagonist combines the natural body mandated by the second wave and a more contemporary third-wave pleasure in styling it, albeit with bodily fluids. Schosgebete's protagonist, by contrast, instigates an irrevocable split with her mother and in doing so man...
Membrane Tension Inhibits Deformation by Coat Proteins in Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis

In clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), clathrin and various adaptor proteins coat a patch of the plasma membrane which is reshaped to form a budded vesicle. We explore the mechanics of coat formation by simulating coats that either grow in area or progressively induce greater curvature. When under low tension, addition of a curvature-generating coat causes the membrane to smoothly evolve from a flat to budded geometry, whereas the membrane remains essentially flat for high tensions. Interestingly, for intermediate tensions the shape evolution of the membrane undergoes a “snapthrough instability” in which addition of coat causes the membrane to “snap” from an open to closed bud. This instability is accompanied by a large energy barrier which could cause a developing endocytic pit to stall if the binding energy of additional coat is insufficient to overcome this barrier. Similar results are found for a coat of constant area in which the spontaneous curvature progressively increases. Additionally, we find that a pulling force on the bud is sufficient to drive a transition from an open to closed bud, overcoming the energy barrier opposing this transition.
How to identify and manage brain hemorrhage.

PreviewEven small parenchymal brain hemorrhages can be precisely diagnosed by computed tomography. Clinical manifestations and prognosis vary with the site of hemorrhage. In this article, Dr Weisberg reviews the clinical features of parenchymal brain hemorrhage and discusses both medical and surgical methods of treatment.
Zur klinischen Bedeutung der Eiweiss-Eisen-Stoffwechselbeziehungen

1. Die Forschungsergebnisse der letzten Jahre weisen darauf hin, das zwischen demEisen- und demEiweisstoffwechsel des Organismus sehrenge Beziehungen bestehen. Als allgemein gultiger Grundsatz gilt dabei,das Storungen im Eiweisstoffwechsel, die wir klinisch alsDysproteinamien erfassen, so gut wie immermit Storungen im Eisenstoffwechsel einhergehen, was bei experimentellen und klinischen Untersuchungen stets zu berucksichtigen ist.
“Fancy Forces” Model

This chapter presents a mechanism to create forces and apply them to bodies. It describes a rigid-body model and the following goals: (1) to predefine various types of force objects, which can later be applied to arbitrary bodies, (2) to allow a single force object to generate related forces on several bodies, (3) to support geometric constraints, and (4) to have a uniform mathematical formulation that can accommodate the various types of forces. A force object is a conceptual entity that is a source of motives, that is, a thing that creates forces and torques. A force object may be defined to act on one, two, or more bodies. When a force object is applied to a specific set of bodies, it determines a motive field on each body.
Psychiatric comorbidity associated with synthetic cannabinoid use compared to cannabis.

Background:Synthetic cannabinoids (SC) use has had a dramatic increase in recent years, but data regarding their adverse effects on mental health is limited. In this study, we compared clinical pre...
Animal Models of Visceral Pain

The study of visceral pain is of high clinical relevance and the findings more directly translational in the search for analgesic agents. Early studies of nerve recordings after acute visceral nerve activation with (1) mechanical distension of hollow organs such as the colon or esophagus, (2) chemical irritation, and/or (3) inflammation have provided relevant information about normal, typically silent visceral afferents and evoked behavioral responses. Clinically relevant information about visceral pain has been reported in studies utilizing intact animal models of inflammatory, diabetic, neuropathic, cancer, chemotherapyinduced and other injury-related visceral pain conditions. More recently, animal models designed to study mechanisms signaling the transitional stages from acute to chronic visceral pain are providing information relevant to the development of drug therapies for reducing visceral pain in patients with these conditions. As an example, a visceral pain model of chronic pancreatitis is induced with an alcohol and high-fat diet in rat that persists for 2 months. Increased sensitization, inflammation, and pancreatic tissue disruption typical in the model are reversed by overexpression of met-enkephalin by a herpes simplex viral (HSV) preproenkephalin vector. The therapeutic effects are most likely attributable to opioid receptors located both in the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as on peripheral cells. Advantages of using (HSV) vectors for therapeutic gene delivery rather than other viral delivery vectors (lentivirus, adenovirus) in certain clinical settings to treat visceral pain are discussed. Visceral pain is of great clinical concern, constituting the majority of pain treated by the medical community. Unfortunately, considerably fewer studies of visceral pain have been done, and fewer animal models have been devised for its study. This is partly because the study of visceral pain is generally much more difficult than studying cutaneous pain. Nevertheless, the study of visceral pain is of high clinical relevance and the findings more directly translational (91). The cursory assumption that mechanisms of cutaneous pain, neurotransmitters, and pathways of neural transmission for visceral pain are similar to somatic pain is not true, particularly for structures innervated by lumbosacral afferents (for reviews, see Buffington (23)).
Religious Participation and Criminal Behavior

This chapter examines and summarizes the current state of our knowledge regarding the relationship between religious participation and criminal behavior, especially in regard to crime reduction, offender rehabilitation, and offender aftercare. Aided by multiple systematic reviews of the relevant research literature, this chapter confirms that religious participation influences the behavior of many people in multiple settings such as family, peers, and school. The overwhelming majority of studies reviewed document the importance of religious participation in protecting individuals from harmful outcomes as well as promoting beneficial and prosocial outcomes. As policy makers consider strategies to reduce delinquency, gang violence, crime, and prisoner reentry, it is essential to seriously and intentionally consider the role religious institutions and religious practices are willing to play in implementing, developing, and sustaining multifaceted approaches to crime reduction. From after-school programs for disadvantaged youth to public/private partnerships that bring together secular and sacred groups to address problems like prisoner reentry, it is increasingly apparent that any crime-fighting strategy will be needlessly incomplete unless communities of faith and their vast networks of social and spiritual support are integrally involved.
Algorithms and analyses for stochastic optimization for turbofan noise reduction using parallel reduced-order modeling

Abstract Simulation-based optimization of acoustic liner design in a turbofan engine nacelle for noise reduction purposes can dramatically reduce the cost and time needed for experimental designs. Because uncertainties are inevitable in the design process, a stochastic optimization algorithm is posed based on the conditional value-at-risk measure so that an ideal acoustic liner impedance is determined that is robust in the presence of uncertainties. A parallel reduced-order modeling framework is developed that dramatically improves the computational efficiency of the stochastic optimization solver for a realistic nacelle geometry. The reduced stochastic optimization solver takes less than 500 s to execute. In addition, well-posedness and finite element error analyses of the state system and optimization problem are provided.
Inheritances and Bequest Planning: Evidence from the Survey of Consumer Finances

Using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances, this paper documented the positive correlation between the receipt of an inheritance and the expectation of leaving a bequest. Inheritance recipients were found to have a higher probability of planning to leave a bequest relative to households that had not received an inheritance. Conditional on having already received an inheritance, the likelihood of expecting to leave a bequest was even larger for households that anticipated to receive an inheritance in the future. The findings in this paper suggest that inheritances already received or expected to be received may be an important transmission mechanism underlying the bequest motive.
A Data Processing Chain for Terahertz Imaging and Its Use in Artwork Diagnostics

The effectiveness of terahertz (THz) imaging is dependent not only on the performances of the adopted hardware technology but also on the data processing approaches adopted by the users to elaborate the measured waveforms and obtain from them clear images of the object under test. With respect to data processing, this paper proposes a strategy involving three different steps aimed at reducing noise, filtering out undesired signal introduced by measurement system, and performing surface topography correction. The usefulness of the proposed data processing chain is preliminarily assessed by using data collected on a sample ad hoc prepared in laboratory. Afterward, an ancient mortar specimen, which is decorated by colored stucco, is analyzed by means of the proposed strategy.
Inercia y resistencia al cambio en las políticas de drogas: El caso del desarrollo alternativo en Satipo-Perú

Alternative Development (AD) policies are initiatives aimed at controlling illicit cocaine supply coming from the Andean region. While Andean states have created a great number of AD projects and programs, these have been object of harsh criticism given their limited impact on the reduction of global cocaine supply and their harmful consequences for local communities. In spite of criticism, AD policies have been implemented over the last thirty years. This article provides an account of this contradiction by explaining the workings of Alternative Development’s inertia or its continuous reproduction in Peru. By drawing on the case of a particular Alternative Development program that is currently being implemented in the province of Satipo, the article analyzes how policy inertia is experienced and perpetuated at the local level. Using the theoretical approach of Cultural Political Economy, the article concludes that policy inertia is the result of vested particular interests and everyday practices carried out by a wide variety of actors who are anchored in structures of material inequality.
Benchmarking Defmod, an open source FEM code for modeling episodic fault rupture

We present Defmod, an open source (linear) finite element code that enables us to efficiently model the crustal deformation due to (quasi-)static and dynamic loadings, poroelastic flow, viscoelastic flow and frictional fault slip. Ali (2015) provides the original code introducing an implicit solver for (quasi-)static problem, and an explicit solver for dynamic problem. The fault constraint is implemented via Lagrange Multiplier. Meng (2015) combines these two solvers into a hybrid solver that uses failure criteria and friction laws to adaptively switch between the (quasi-)static state and dynamic state. The code is capable of modeling episodic fault rupture driven by quasi-static loadings, e.g. due to reservoir fluid withdraw or injection. Here, we focus on benchmarking the Defmod results against some establish results. The Defmod code is validated to model the static and/or dynamic crustal deformations.The code adaptively switches between the (quasi-)static and dynamic modes.The code enables one to model earthquakes induced by fluid withdraw and/or injection.
An intelligent decision support system for private equity investment

In this paper we investigate whether statistical learning algorithms can be effectively deployed in an Intelligent Decision Support System (IDSS) to reduce idiosyncratic risk in private equity investment decisions. This is particularly desirable in light of the new Equity Crowd Funding (ECF) private equity investment class created by the JOBS Act, since the Act opens up private equity investment to non-accredited investors who are not necessarily experts in the private equity due diligence process. By comparing confusion matrices of 6 statistical learning classifiers, we show that logistic regression can reasonably discriminate between investments that yield rates of return that are attractive, intermediate, or poor. These results also demonstrate that an Intelligent Decision Support System based on statistical learning can effectively reduce the idiosyncratic risk inherent in Equity Crowd Funding and other private equity investments.
Dysfunctional expansion of immature granulocytes in sepsis survivors.

Sepsis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Surprisingly, increased mortality persists for years in sepsis survivors. This project investigated the contribution of myeloid cells to immune impairment in sepsis surviving mice. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Sepsis survivors (2 weeks post-surgery) had significant increases in the CD11b + Ly6C high and CD11b + Ly6C low myeloid populations in spleen, bone marrow and blood compared to controls. The expanded CD11b + Ly6C populations in survivors were F4/80 negative. More CD11b + Ly6C cells expressed the chemokine receptors CX 3 CR1 and CCR2, and the adhesion molecule CD62L. CD11b + Ly6C populations in survivors also had higher levels of the mannose receptor CD206, Mer tyrosine kinase and the inhibitory collagen receptor LAIR-1; they appeared to be M2 like macrophages with presumed immune suppressive activity. Approximately 12% of the CD11b+Ly6C high population were CD115 + monocytes/macrophages, while the CD11b + Ly6C low comprised mainly immature granulocytes. CD11b + Ly6C low granulocytes in sepsis survivors had significantly reduced phagocytic activity compared to controls. A significant reduction in CD11b + Ly6C low granulocytes after LPS treatment was observed in controls but not survivors. Importantly, survivors had diminished serum production of TNF in response to endotoxin challenge, even though CD11b + Ly6C granulocytes from the same mice produced comparable intracellular levels of TNF. In summary, our data indicate impaired cell exit and cytokine secretion, which is in part due to altered cell surface properties. This dysfunctional expansion of immature granulocytes may contribute to the impaired immune response in sepsis survivors.
Dark photons from nuclear transitions

Anomalous results seen in the decay of excited beryllium have prompted possible explanations via a new 17 MeV particle. Proposed experiments with high resolution have the potential to not only study the anomaly, but to put constraints on a broader class of light new physics models which would be competitive with other searches in the MeV mass range.
Oncolytic Viruses: T-VEC and Others

Immunotherapy has become a standard for treatment of several advanced cancers such as melanoma, lung cancer, and head and neck cancer. Lymphocyte-rich tumor microenvironment is a predictor factor for response to immunotherapy. Although, theoretically, these tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes should be highly immunogenic, it has been shown that the tumor microenvironment by itself is immunosuppressive, and the tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are weakly immunogenic, thus limiting spontaneous antitumor immunologic activity in most tumor types. Therefore, strategies to shift the balance between tumor growth and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment while at the same time enhancing the magnitude of antitumor immune response are highly desired. Much of the immunotherapies available currently such as ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, and nivolumab to name a few disrupt these immunoregulatory circuits such as CTLA-4 and PD-1 and enhance antitumor immunity.
Yield of aerobic rice affected by high temperature stress during summer season -A study from red and laterite zone of West Bengal, India

Field experiment on the performance of aerobic direct seeded rice (ADSR) under red and laterite zone of West Bengal was conducted at Rice Research Station, Bankura, West Bengal, India during summer season, 2012. The experimental soil was sandy loam with acidic in nature (pH: 5.2). The results exhibited that the grain yield (1 t ha-1) of rice in aerobic situation was low. This might be due to high atmospheric temperature during flowering period, which results in poor grain setting in panicle and most of them became chaffy due to spikelet sterility. Ultimately, it produced low grain yield of rice in aerobic situation during summer season due to high temperature at flowering period, grain formation and grain ripening stages. Thus, aerobic rice system of cultivation needed good management practices.
Featherweight Firefox: formalizing the core of a web browser

We offer a formal specification of the core functionality of a web browser in the form of a small-step operational semantics. The specification accurately models the asynchronous nature of web browsers and covers the basic aspects of windows, DOM trees, cookies, HTTP requests and responses, user input, and a minimal scripting language with first-class functions, dynamic evaluation, and AJAX requests. No security enforcement mechanisms are included--instead, the model is intended to serve as a basis for formalizing and experimenting with different security policies and mechanisms. We survey the most interesting design choices and discuss how our model relates to real web browsers.
SEC7 encodes an unusual, high molecular weight protein required for membrane traffic from the yeast Golgi apparatus

Saccharomyces cerevisiae with mutations at the sec7 locus are pleiotropically deficient in protein transport within the Golgi apparatus and proliferate a large array of Golgi cisternae at a restrictive growth temperature (37 degrees C). The SEC7 gene and its product (Sec7p) have been evaluated by molecular cloning and sequence analysis. Two genes that allow sec7 mutant cells to grow at 37 degrees C are represented in wild-type yeast DNA libraries. A single copy of the authentic SEC7 gene permits growth of mutant cells, whereas the other gene suppresses growth deficiency only when expressed from a multicopy plasmid. The SEC7 gene is contained on a 8.4-kilobase pair SphI restriction fragment, portions of which hybridize to a single 6-kilobase pair mRNA. The gene is essential for yeast vegetative growth. DNA sequence analysis of this region detects a single open reading frame with the potential to encode a 2008-amino acid-long hydrophilic protein of 230 kDa. Putative Sec7p contains an unusual, highly charged acidic domain of 125 amino acids with 29% glutamate, 18% aspartate, and 21% serine. Within this region, stretches of 14 consecutive glutamate residues and 13 consecutive glutamates/aspartates are predicted. This domain in Sec7p may serve a structural role to interact with lipids or proteins on the cytoplasmic surface of the Golgi apparatus.
The effect of roughness, floor polish, water, oil and ice on underfoot friction:: current safety footwear solings are less slip resistant than microcellular polyurethane

Research over a period of about 18 years has shown that a microcellular polyurethane known as AP66033 is the most slip-resistant safety footwear soling material on oily and wet surfaces. In recent years it has been replaced in commercially available footwear by a dual density polyurethane (DDP) which has a dense outer layer and a soft microcellular backing. This research programme has compared the slip resistance of AP66033 with DDP and some rubber solings. In addition, data were obtained on the effects of soling and floor roughness, and floor polish on slip resistance. Some data were also obtained for walking on ice. The coefficient of friction (CoF) of the solings was measured on 19 water wet surfaces in three conditions: (I) when the solings were new, (II) following abrasion to create maximum roughness and (III) after polishing. The CoF was measured on four oily surfaces after each of 11 abrasion or polishing treatments. The profound effects of the roughening of all soles and of floor roughness on the CoF were demonstrated for both wet and oily surfaces. The superior slip resistance of AP66033 was confirmed for oily and wet conditions; however, some rubbers not suitable for safety footwear achieved higher CoF values on wet floors. All of the floor polishes reduced the CoF of all floors when contaminated with water. The mean CoF of DDP solings was lower than the mean for AP66033 on wet and oily surfaces. No safety footwear soling provided adequate grip on dry ice and the CoF was reduced by water on the ice. A rubber used for rock climbing footwear was one of the most slip-resistant solings on wet surfaces in the laboratory but recorded the lowest CoF on ice. It is concluded that the incidence of occupational injuries caused by slipping could be reduced by the following: (A) returning to safety footwear soled with the microcellular polyurethane AP66033; (B) abrading all new and smooth footwear solings with a belt sanding machine coated with P100 grit; (C) avoiding the use of floor polish; (D) informing the general public about the poor slip resistance of ordinary footwear on ice and the lowering of slip resistance in cold weather.
Defining the Concept of Crime: A Humanistic Perspective

This paper argues that the traditional definition of crime is too narrow and unnecessarily constrictive of criminological work. Definitions more in accord with the objectives of a humanistic criminology must be developed. The traditional debate over the definition of crime has not been grounded within the context of the more fundamental images of crime that actually guide criminological work. By clarifying these underlying images (paradigms) and displaying the value questions and domain assumptions contained within them, we are in position to develop first order and second order definitions of crime which are more suitable to the task of humanistic criminology. The task of a humanistic criminology, in my view, is to combine a theoretical concern with the historically generated structural context within which crime and social control are produced and constructed, with a practical concern for human liberation and the realization of social justice.1 A humanistic criminology must identify those features of historical social formations that "...produce unnecessary social constraints and to describe how human freedom is constricted, thus indicating directions for social change" (Thomas, 1982:314). The humanistic perspective in criminology must be concerned with the way in which the structuring of crime and social control affects the human rights, dignity, survival, and material well-being of all people. In order to carry out this task, a humanistic criminology must begin by confronting a very basic, and yet troublesome and
Rociletinib-associated cataracts in EGFR-mutant NSCLC.

9042Background: Rociletinib (roci) is a T790M-selective EGFR TKI. We observed unexpectedly frequent sudden-onset cataracts (cats) among pts treated with roci on the phase I/II TIGER-X study at MGH....
Rumination syndrome: when to suspect and how to treat.

Purpose of reviewRumination syndrome is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by effortless regurgitation of recently ingested food. The disorder is rare, but likely under-recognized and leads to impaired quality of life among those affected. This review discusses recent studies which examined t
Spectrum of Disease Severity and Phenotype in Choroideremia Carriers.

Purpose To characterize and bring awareness to the disease spectrum of female choroideremia patients, as severity can vary from mild to severe disease, comparable to that observed in male patients. Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods Twelve female carriers of disease-causing variants in the CHM gene confirmed by molecular genetic sequencing were characterized clinically and imaged with short-wave fundus autofluorescence (SW-FAF), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), and color fundus imaging. Results Twelve unrelated female patients with a clinical and genetic diagnosis of choroideremia carriers were included in this study. Disease severity among these phenotypes ranged from mild to severe, resembling the typical presentation of choroideremia in male patients. Mild disease presented with retinal pigment epithelium mottling, a patchy pattern of hypoautofluorescent speckles on SW-FAF, and intact retinal layers on spectral-domain OCT. Severe disease presented with widespread chorioretinal atrophy as shown by SW-FAF and spectral-domain OCT. Each of the identified genetic variants in CHM was predicted to be disease-causing according to in silico prediction software. Disease progression analysis of 4 patients with follow-up showed a decline in visual acuity for 2 patients, with progression observed on spectral-domain OCT in 1 of the patients. No significant disease progression on SW-FAF was observed for any of the patients. Conclusions Female carriers of choroideremia can present with a wide range of clinical phenotypes and disease severity, from mild to severe disease, similar to male subjects. Symptomatic female subjects should be considered for current and upcoming gene replacement therapy clinical trials.
Learner Control Aids Learning from Instructional Videos with a Virtual Human

Experimental research around virtual humans acting as pedagogical agents has often taken place in learner-paced learning environments. However, virtual humans are increasingly embedded in educational materials such as instructional videos, where the pacing of the environment can be fundamentally different than a stand-alone learner-controlled software package. This study examined the influence of three types of pacing with varying levels of learner control when learning from an instructional video with an embedded virtual human. The results of our three-group randomized study indicate that increased learner control led to the strongest learning outcomes, although moderate learner control was the most instructionally efficient. The results suggest that some aspects of learner control can be beneficial when learning from instructional videos with embedded virtual humans.
Considerations for generic kinematic structures

It has been shown from earlier Chapters that the goal in automatic robot programming is to generate a sequence of robot-level commands (MOVE, ALIGN, GRASP, etc) which are executable by all manipulators. But these commands cannot be executed directly by any manipulator. The ultimate objective is for the commands to be generated and transformed to joint motion by the computer. This Chapter is intended to describe the principles necessary to transform these general robot-level commands into joint servo motion commands. The computer is used for computational as well as database management aspects of this transformation. In this Chapter the generic robot kinematic structures (cylindrical, Cartesian, spherical, revolute, Scara) are discussed.
Combined Immunotherapy in Metastatic Melanoma with Unknown Primary.

Melanoma is skin cancer arising from melanocytes. It may metastasize to unusual areas of the body. Metastatic melanoma with unknown primary (MUP) is relatively uncommon. We present a case of MUP in a 55-year-old male, who underwent adjuvant treatment with combined immunotherapy and showed a good response. We report this case to alert fellow physicians that immunotherapy can be used in MUP with excellent outcomes.
Momentary sexual enjoyment: The dyadic roles of relationship satisfaction and contraception among mixed-gender dating couples:

Enjoyable sexual experiences with a romantic partner are a vital element of healthy lives and happy relationships, yet positive experiences of sex, and associated interpersonal and contraceptive fa...
Cost-effective fuel treatment planning: a theoretical justification and case study

Modelling the spatial prioritisation of fuel treatments and their net effect on values at risk is an important area for applied work as economic damages from wildfire continue to grow. We model and demonstrate a cost-effective fuel treatment planning algorithm using two ecosystem services as benefits for which fuel treatments are prioritised. We create a surface of expected fuel treatment costs to incorporate the heterogeneity in factors affecting the revenue and costs of fuel treatments, and then prioritise treatments based on a cost-effectiveness ratio to maximise the averted loss of ecosystem services from fire. We compare treatment scenarios that employ cost-effectiveness with those that do not, and use common tools and models in a case study of the Sisters Ranger District on the Deschutes National Forest in central Oregon, USA. Using cost-effectiveness not only increases the expected averted losses from fuel treatments, but it also allows a larger area to be treated for the same cost, simply by incorporating costs and cost-effectiveness into the prioritisation routine. These results have considerable implications for policymakers and land managers trying to minimise risk. Incorporating costs into the spatial planning of treatments could allow more effective outcomes without increasing fuel treatment budgets.