cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New or little-known species of exotic Tipulidae (Diptera). XV

SYNOPSIS Descriptions are given of three new species of Pediciine crane flies, two belonging to the genus Ula and one to Dicronoto, all from Assam, and of five further species of Limoniini, all in the genus Antocha. The materials were collected in the Himalayan region from Kumaon in the west to Sikkim and Assam.
Synthesis of possible metabolites of chlorpromazine. I. 7-hydroxy derivatives of chlorpromazine, nor1-chlorpromazine and nor2-chlorpromazine

The title compounds and various derivatives have been prepared as analytical standards for the identification of chlorpromazine metabolites in biological materials. Additional evidence is presented for the existence of a halogen-induced Smiles rearrangement in the phenothiazine series.
An addition theorem for Abelian groups of order pq

Abstract Let G be a group written additively and let A denote a set of nonzero elements of G . The smallest integer n such that every element g in G occurs as a sum of distinct elements over any set A with | A | ≥ n is called the critical number of G , written c ( G ). In this paper, the existence of c ( G ) is proved, lower bounds are established for certain groups, and p + q − 2 ≤ c ( G ) ≤ p + q − 1 is proved for Abelian groups of order pq .
Characterization of the Oxidative Metabolites of 17β-Estradiol and Estrone Formed by 15 Selectively Expressed Human Cytochrome P450 Isoforms

We systematically characterized the oxidative metabolites of 17β-estradiol and estrone formed by 15 human cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms. CYP1A1 had high activity for 17β-estradiol 2-hydroxylation, followed by 15α-, 6α-, 4-, and 7α-hydroxylation. However, when estrone was the substrate, CYP1A1 formed more 4-hydroxyestrone than 15α- or 6α-hydroxyestrone, with 2-hydroxyestrone as the major metabolite. CYP1A2 had the highest activity for the 2-hydroxylation of both 17β-estradiol and estrone, although it also had considerable activity for their 4-hydroxylation (9–13% of 2-hydroxylation). CYP1B1 mainly catalyzed the formation of catechol estrogens, with 4-hydroxyestrogens predominant. CYP2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, and 2D6 each showed a varying degree of low catalytic activity for estrogen 2-hydroxylation, whereas CYP2C18 and CYP2E1 did not show any detectable estrogen-hydroxylating activity. CYP3A4 had strong activity for the formation of 2-hydroxyestradiol, followed by 4-hydroxyestradiol and an unknown polar m...
A Meta-analytic Review of Ethical Leadership Outcomes and Moderators

A growing body of research suggests that follower perceptions of ethical leadership are associated with beneficial follower outcomes. However, some empirical researchers have found contradictory results. In this study, we use social learning and social exchange theories to test the relationship between ethical leadership and follower work outcomes. Our results suggest that ethical leadership is related positively to numerous follower outcomes such as perceptions of leader interactional fairness and follower ethical behavior. Furthermore, we explore how ethical leadership relates to and is different from other leadership styles such as transformational and transactional leadership. Results suggest that ethical leadership is positively associated with transformational leadership and the contingent reward dimension of transactional leadership. With respect to the moderators, our results show mixed evidence for publication bias. Finally, geographical locations of study samples moderated some of the relationships between ethical leadership and follower outcomes, and employee samples from public sector organizations showed stronger mean corrected correlations for ethical leadership–follower outcome relationships.
Effect of Ion Implantation on the Corrosion Behavior of Iron, Stainless Steels, and Aluminum—A Review

Abstract Ion implantation and its related processes are powerful techniques for modifying the surface composition and, accordingly, the surface properties of metals. Research on the effect of ion i...
Fatty Acids: In vivo Synthesis by the Green Peach Aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer).

After feeding through an artificial membrane on an 18 percent sucrose solution containing either acetate-1-C 14 or uniformly-labeled glucose-C 14 , Myzus persicae incorporated 75 percent of the carbon-14 into palmitoleic, stearic, and oleic acids. Small amounts were incorporated into myristic, linoleic, and linolenic acids; no significant amounts were incorporated into the short-chain fatty acids.
Contributions of Ultrasound to In Vitro Fertilization Programs: A Review

The process of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET) has gained worldwide attention since the birth of the first "test-tube baby" in 1978. Many couples with a history of infertility have elected to undergo this procedure. This article examines the process of IVF/ET and the role of ultrasound in monitoring follicular growth and in the retrieval of the oocytes by laparoscopy or sonographically guided transvesical or transvaginal needle aspiration.
Retinoic acid combined with vitamin A synergizes to increase retinyl ester storage in the lungs of newborn and dexamethasone-treated neonatal rats.

Background: Retinyl esters (REs), the major storage form of vitamin A (retinol), provide substrates for the production of bioactive retinoids, including retinoic acid (RA), which ar
Optimizing Efficiency of Perturbative Monte Carlo Method

We introduce error weighting functions into the perturbative Monte Carlo method for use with a hybrid ab initio quantum . mechanicsrmolecular mechanics QMrMM potential. The perturbative Monte Carlo approach introduced earlier provides a means to reduce the number of full SCF calculations in simulations using a QMrMM potential by evoking perturbation theory to calculate energy changes due to displacements of an MM molecule. The use of weighting functions, introduced here, allows an optimal number of MM molecule displacements to occur between the performance of the full self-consistent field calculations. This will allow the ab initio QMrMM approach to be applied to systems that require more accurate treatment of the QM andror MM regions. Q 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 19: 1632)1638, 1998
Transesophageal Echocardiographic Guidance of Closed Mitral Commissurotomy

We describe the utility of transesophageal echocardiography in a patient undergoing emergent closed mitral commissurotomy. Two-dimensional images provided an assessment of valve morphology and mobility while Doppler echocardiography was used to monitor the occurrence of mitral regurgitation and changes in valve gradient and area.
Preventing dialysis hypotension: A comparison of usual protective maneuvers

Preventing dialysis hypotension: A comparison of usual protective maneuvers. Background Intradialytic hypotension (IH) is a common adverse event. Currently, there are several commonly utilized therapies of IH, but they have not been compared directly in the same group of patients. We performed the present study in order to learn which of these techniques is most effective so that a rational approach to treating IH could then be formulated. Methods A single-blinded, crossover study design of five different protocols was undertaken in 10 hemodialysis patients with a prior history of IH. Each patient first underwent one week (three dialyses) of standard dialysis (dialysate sodium 138 mEq/L). Then each patient was subjected to one week each (three dialyses) of the four test protocols, performed in random order in a blinded fashion. The specific protocols were as follows: high sodium dialysate, in which the patient was dialyzed using a dialysate sodium of 144 mEq/L; sodium modeling, during which the dialysate sodium declined from 152 to 140 mEq/L in the last half hour of dialysis; one hour of isolated ultrafiltration followed by three hours of isovolemic dialysis; and cool temperature dialysis in which the dialysate was cooled to 35°C. Results Weight loss in each of the five protocols was essentially identical, varying between 2.9 and 3 kg. There were significantly fewer hypotensive episodes per treatment in the sodium modeling, high sodium, and cool temperature protocols as compared with the standard protocol ( P P P P P P P P Conclusion This study supports the use of sodium modeling as a first step in combating IH. Also effective were the use of cool-temperature dialysate and a high-sodium dialysate. All three test protocols were well tolerated. As applied in this study, isolated ultrafiltration followed by isovolemic dialysis was notably less effective in reducing IH.
Losses in power transmission networks

THE DETERMINATION of transmission-system losses as a function of generating-station loading is of importance to the engineers responsible for the efficient operation of electric power systems. Those responsible for load dispatching have for the most part operated with a good knowledge of generation costs in each individual station, but have had relatively little knowledge of the effect on system losses resulting from shift of load from one station to another. In order to operate at a maximum over-all efficiency it is necessary to determine, for any generator schedule, the cost of system losses and then to correlate these costs with station operating costs. Such an approach is of value in the operation of existing stations and in the location of proposed new generating stations. The present article is concerned with the derivation of a loss formula, expressing the total transmission loss in terms of station loadings. The formula may be applied to the co-ordination of losses with station costs as described in a recent paper.
Polynomial Algebra: an Application of the Fast Fourier Transform

MUCH use is made in combinatorial problems of generating functions in the form of polynomials and infinite power series, these being obtained by the manipulation of other algebraic expressions. In order to save time and improve accuracy in the evaluation of the coefficients, one can, of course, make use of computer programs for doing algebra1,2. But it is often easier to use the following method which relies only on arithmetical operations available in all programming languages.
Genetic diseases affecting the eyelids: What should a clinician know?

Purpose of review The molecular basis of a number of inherited diseases that affect the eyelids has been elucidated over the last two decades. Due to the vast number of these diseases, a clinician may become overwhelmed by the volume of data, making it difficult to incorporate newer information into his or her clinical practice. This article intends to review the recent developments of inherited diseases that affect the eyelids that a typical oculoplastic surgeon will encounter. Recent findings This review proposes categorizing genetic diseases affecting the eyelids on rarity and whether the disease manifests itself at birth or later in life. Based on this classification system the following 10 diseases (the first five manifesting at birth, the last five later in life) are considered more likely to be encountered by the typical oculoplastic surgeon and reviewed in detail: blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome, congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles, lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1, congenital myasthenic syndrome, oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, myotonic dystrophy, neurofibromatosis type 2, and basal cell nevus syndrome. The remaining known genetic disorders that affect the eyelids are considered less likely to be encountered by the typical oculoplastic surgeon and are listed in tabular form. Summary It is prudent for the oculoplastic surgeon to be knowledgeable of inherited disorders that affect the eyelids to aid in accurate diagnosis, counseling, and treatment. The development of future therapies may at some point make treatment of these diseases no longer surgical. Video abstract http://links.lww.com/COOP/A4.
Barriers to Coronary Heart Disease Risk Modification in Women without Prior History of Coronary Heart Disease

Purpose To explore the extent to which women perceive barriers to coronary heart disease (CHD) risk modification and to determine if access to a nurse practitioner (NP) decreases perceived barriers to CHD risk modification. Data sources Surveys completed by 120 women between the ages of 35 and 60 years, with no known history of CHD. The barriers scale was used to examine women's perceived barriers to CHD risk modification. Conclusions Women with access to an NP had less perceived barriers to CHD risk modification. Implications for practice NPs are ideally suited to decrease the mortality and morbidity associated with CHD through education strategies and attention to individual barriers women face when attempting to incorporate CHD risk factor modification into their lifestyles.
The Propagation of Schroedinger Waves in a Uniform Field of Force

The phase-difference between a Schroedinger wave refracted by a uniform field of force and the primary wave is calculated. The results are shown in a table and graphically. As the wave-length increases, the phase-difference decreases, reaches a minimum, and then increases again. It is suggested that the intensity of some crystal reflections should vary anomalously as a result.
Densification of a continuous random network model of amorphous SiO2 glass

We have investigated the mechanism of densification of a nearly perfect continuous random network (CRN) model of amorphous SiO2 (a-SiO2) glass with 1296 atoms and periodic boundary conditions. The model has no under- or over-coordinated atoms and small bond length and bond angle distributions. This near-perfect model is systematically densified up to a pressure of 80 GPa using ab initio constant-pressure technique. By assessing a full spectrum of properties including atomic structure, bonding characteristics, effective charges, bond order values, electron density of states, localization of wave functions, elastic and mechanical properties, and interband optical absorption at each pressure, we reveal the pertinent details on the structural, mechanical and optical characteristics of the glass model under pressure. They all confirm the central theme that amorphous to amorphous phase transformation (AAPT) from a low-density state to a high-density state is at a pressure between 20 and 35 GPa in this nearly ideal a-SiO2 network. This pressure range represents an upper limit for such a transition in vitreous silica. The phase transformation roots from the change of Si–O bonding from a mixture of ionic and covalent nature at low pressure to a highly covalent bonding under high pressure. In addition, the calculated theoretical refractive index of the glass model as a function of the pressure is reported for the first time and in good agreement with the available experimental data.
Equine West Nile virus disease occurrence and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index.

Abstract The association between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and periods of above- or below-average reported cases of equine West Nile virus encephalomyelitis, reported in Texas between 2002 and 2004, was investigated. A time-series of case reports, using a biweekly window, was constructed. Because of the disparity in number of cases reported (1698, 672 and 101 in 2002, 2003 and 2004, respectively), data were standardized by calculating the number of cases reported during each biweekly period as a ratio of the annual average number of cases reported. The mean NDVI (0.439) in Texas in biweekly periods in which cases were reported was significantly higher ( P
Cancer Risk Factors Among Adults with Serious Mental Illness

Background There is strong evidence to suggest that adults living with serious mental illness have a higher risk of mortality and morbidity than the general U.S. population, including a higher risk of mortality associated with certain cancers and cancer-related deaths. The potential loss of life expectancy among this population may be as high as 25 years compared to those without a mental illness. There are numerous challenges faced by people with serious mental illness, and behavioral factors that may contribute to increased cancer risk, including high prevalence of smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, substance abuse, and infectious diseases. Many of these individuals are uninsured, homeless, have a dual diagnosis of substance abuse, and are least likely to access and use preventive healthcare services. There is growing concern that those with serious mental illness experience disparities in health education, health prevention services, cancer screening, access to diagnostic testing, cancer case recognition, and higher cancer case fatalities. Although there are many interrelated and complex factors associated with cancer-related risk among this vulnerable population, many of these factors can be addressed. This paper aims to increase awareness of cancer risk factors and implications of employing innovative health promotion and cancer-prevention strategies among people with serious mental illness.
Ethnic differences in bone mass of young women vary with method of assessment.

Abstract To examine ethnic differences in bone mass measured by calcaneus ultrasound (CUS) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and to compare the two methodologies, CUS was performed in 904 healthy Asian, African American, Latina, and Caucasian women 20–26 yr old using the Lunar Achilles Plus ultrasonometer. CUS measurements (broadband ultrasound attenuation [BUA] and speed of sound [SOS]) were made following standard methodology (standard CUS) and repeated adjusting for foot size using shims (with-shim CUS). Areal bone mineral density (BMD) and estimated volumetric bone density (BMAD) at the spine, femoral neck, and whole body were determined using the Lunar DPX-IQ. African Americans had greater height- and weight-adjusted BUA than Caucasians, while Asians and African Americans had greater SOS than Caucasians and Latinas. Additionally, African Americans had greater height- and weight-adjusted BMD and BMAD than all other groups. CUS and DXA measurements correlated moderately ( r = 0.2–0.5). With-shim CUS values were 0.9–7.8% lower than standard CUS values. In conclusion, African American women had greater DXA measurements than all others and greater CUS measurements than Caucasians. In contrast to DXA, CUS measurements in Asians and Latinas were not significantly lower than those in African Americans. Most notably, Asians had greater values for SOS than Caucasians and Latinas. Discrepancies in ethnic comparisons and modest correlations suggest that CUS and DXA methods may capture different bone qualities.
Smooth path construction for data mule tours in wireless sensor networks

Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks are a budding topic for researchers which could vastly improve many applications, such as border monitoring networks. The increased amount of data leads to greater issues with energy consumption and decreased network lifetimes. To mitigate these problems, the use of mobile sinks to travel through the network and collect the generated data has been suggested and studied. Consideration has not been given to the abilities of these mobile sinks, such as their ability to turn. We develop an algorithm to create a smooth path, which will allow the use of faster, more turn-constrained mobile sinks, such as a fixed-wing UAV. Our simulations showed our algorithm allowed for faster collection of data than current solutions which can only accommodate slower mobile sinks. When using our algorithm, the performance increases of using a mobile sink are still maintained over in-network data collection.
The very model of a modern major (media) candidate: Colin Powell and the rhetoric of public opinion

In the surfacing stage of the 1995 Presidential campaign, media attention was focused on a non‐candidate, Retired General Colin Powell. This study examines the media's justification for such attention, in light of the absence of Powell's public instigation of a campaign. Coverage of Powell as a potential candidate reflects current media practice with regard to speculative reporting and the assertion of objectivity. Application of Burke's pentad to specific coverage in TIME and Newsweek illustrates how the media uses constructions of public opinion to rhetorically justify campaign coverage of a non‐candidate, transferring agency from the candidate to the “Public.”;
Magnetoelectric subbands and eigenstates in the presence of Rashba and Dresselhaus spin–orbit interactions in a quantum wire

Abstract We derive the eigenenergies and spin-dependent eigenstates of electrons in a quantum wire subjected to an external magnetic field. These are calculated in the presence of spin–orbit interactions arising from the Rashba (structural inversion asymmetry) and Dresselhaus (bulk inversion asymmetry) effects. We consider three cases: the external magnetic field is oriented (i) along the axis of the wire, (ii) perpendicular to the axis but parallel to the electric field associated with structural inversion asymmetry (Rashba effect), and (iii) perpendicular to the axis as well as this electric field. In all cases, the dispersions of the eigenenergies are non-parabolic and the subbands do not have a fixed spin quantization axis (meaning that the spin polarization of the electron is wavevector dependent). Except in the second case, the dispersion diagrams are also, in general, asymmetric about the energy axis.
TECHNIQUES OF AFTERLOADING IRIDIUM‐192 INTERSTITIAL BRACHYTHERAPY IN VETERINARY MEDICINE

Continuous low-dose-rate irradiation of animal tumors has become feasible through the implantation of iridium-192 by an afterloading technique. 192Ir is an ideal radioisotope for interstitial brachytherapy in veterinary medicine because of its 74.2-day half-life, medium-energy gamma radiation (0.35 MeV), moderate shielding requirements, low cost, and adaptability to most tumor configurations. The afterloading technique can easily be applied to veterinary patients. The effectiveness of interstitial brachytherapy may be enhanced by combination with surgery and/or hyperthermia. Computer-assisted dose calculations make afterloaded 192Ir implantation an accurate, precise method of interstitial brachytherapy.
Temporal visual field in glaucoma: a re-evaluation in the automated perimetry era.

We prospectively studied 152 glaucoma patients (192 eyes) and 31 normal subjects (31 eyes) tested with the 30–2 program and a customized temporal periphery program on the Humphrey Field Analyzer to determine the usefulness of routine testing temporal to the blind spot. We found that in 53 glaucomatous and each of 31 control eyes the central 30° and temporal peripheral field were normal. In eyes with glaucomatous defects, testing temporal to the blind spot provided information equivalent to the central Bjerrum area in 66 eyes, less in 62 eyes, and more in 11 eyes. Temporal field testing was most useful in eyes with a diffusely depressed Bjerrum area (mean defect <- 8.30 dB). This study suggests that automated static perimetry commonly reveals glaucomatous defects temporal to the blind spot, but usually adds significant information over central testing only in patients with late visual field changes.
The Diatom History of an Urban Lake: Summit Lake, Akron, Ohio

ABSTRACT Sedimentary diatoms from a 609 cm core indicated that Summit Lake, Akron, Ohio, originated as a shallow alkaline pool following late Pleistocene glaciation. The lake gradually developed a limnetic zone and became a peat bog. In recent years, the lake has become a slightly alkaline hypertrophic waterbody probably because of increased soil erosion and domestic sewage pollution. One hundred thirty (130) taxa (species and varieties) of diatoms were identified from the sediments of Summit Lake. Species most frequently encountered in the oldest sediments were Fragilaria brevistriata, F. construens, and F. pinnata. Those common in younger peat sediments were Achnanthes exigua, Cyclotella compta, Cymbella diluviana, Fragilaria brevistriata, F. construens, F. pinnata, Mastogloia smithii var. lacustris, and Tabellaria quadrisepta. The most abundant diatoms in recent sediments (since 1800 A.D.) were Asterionella formosa, Cocconeis placentula, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Fragilaria crotonensis, Melosira granula...
The Other Electrical Hazard: Electric Arc Blast Burns

Electric arc burns make up a substantial portion of the injuries from electrical malfunctions. The extremely high temperatures of these arcs, about four times as high as that of the sun's surface, can cause fatal burns at up to about 5 ft (152 cm), and major burns at up to about 10 ft (305 cm) distance. Information for evaluation of the degree of hazard involved with various voltages and capacity ratings of equipment is developed and the required precautions and protective means to avoid injury from this source are outlined.
Cultural sensitivity treatment and research issues with black adolescent drug users

Adolescent drug abuse is one of the nations' leading social problems. Secondary intervention programs have rarely designed treatments to address specific issues pertinent to the black adolescent drug user. Among these special issues is cultural sensitivity in clinical practice and research. A review of the research literature revealed no empirical work that has been conducted in the area of cultural sensitivity as it relates to black male adolescent substance abusers. The author proposes methodological considerations as applied to four phases of treatment: assessment, planning intervention, implementation, and termination and gives suggestions for how culturally sensitive therapeutic intervention can be conducted with chemically dependent adolescent black males.
Fourier Transform Infrared System Measurement of the Bidirectional Reflectivity of Diffuse and Grooved Surfaces

A system based on a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer is developed to perform bidirectional reflectivity measurements on material surfaces, providing the ability to measure this property simultaneously for multiple infrared wavelengths. Calibration is based on a relative method that relates the system output to absolute spectral bidirectional reflectivity. Results are presented for rough gold and grooved nickel surfaces, considering the variation with incident and reflected angle. The surface reflectivity for gold is largely independent of wavelength in the infrared region of interest, while the nickel surface exhibits spectral variation. The experimental results are compared to complete electromagnetic theory predictions and other measurements. 28 refs., 8 figs.
Potential impact of newborn screening for cystic fibrosis on child survival: A systematic review and analysis

Objective To estimate the population impact of child mortality as a result of cystic fibrosis (CF) potentially preventable by newborn screening. Study design A systematic literature review of mortality in children with classic CF without meconium ileus (MI) in screened and unscreened cohorts was extended by contacting investigators for unpublished data. In addition, survival in US states with and without newborn screening (NBS) programs for CF was compared using data from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry (CFFPR). Results Among non-US studies, CF-related mortality risk to approximately 10 years of age was lower by 5 to 10 per 100 in screened cohorts. Unpublished US data from a trial of NBS for CF indicate no CF-related deaths to 10 years of age in either cohort. CFFPR data suggest improved survival among children with CF born in US states with NBS, with a CF-related mortality difference to 10 years of age between the screened and unscreened groups between 1.5 and 2 per 100 children with CF without MI. Conclusion In addition to improving nutritional outcomes, newborn screening for CF may result in improved child survival. The absolute differential in mortality risk, although modest in size, appears comparable to NBS for certain other genetic disorders.
Change in hepatitis A epidemiology after vaccinating high risk children in Taiwan, 1995-2008.

Taiwan started to immunize children in 30 indigenous townships against hepatitis A since June 1995. The program was further expanded to 19 non-indigenous townships with higher incidence or increased risk of epidemic in 1997–2002, covering 2% of total population. Annual incidence of hepatitis A decreased from 2.96 in 1995 (baseline period) to 0.90/100,000 in 2003–2008 (vaccination period). The incidence in vaccinated townships and unvaccinated townships declined 98.3% (49.66–0.86/100,000) and 52.6% (1.90–0.90/100,000). In 2003–2008, incidence doubled in people aged >=30 years, mostly in unvaccinated townships (0.42–0.92). During 2003–2008, travel to endemic countries was the most commonly reported risk factor (13.5%). First dose vaccine coverage was 78.8% in 1994–2005 birth cohort. Taiwan's experience demonstrates the great, long-term efficacy of hepatitis A vaccine in disease control in vaccinated townships, and out-of-cohort effect in unvaccinated townships. Further reduction can be achieved by improving vaccination coverage of adults at risk.
Revisiting the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire: A Theoretical and Statistical Reevaluation of the Metacognitive Self-Regulation and Effort Regulation Subscales

The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) has dominated self-regulated learning research since the early 1990s. In this study, the two MSLQ subscales specifically designed to assess self-regulation—Metacognitive Self-Regulation subscale and Effort Regulation subscale—were examined. Results indicated that the structure of the two scales is not supported by the original data reported by Pintrich, Smith, Garcia, and McKeachie in 1991 or new data. Statistical and theoretical analyses supported two modified scales, the General Strategies for Learning scale and the Clarification Strategies for Learning scale, that assess academic self-regulation from the original MSLQ items. The statistical and theoretical analyses, results, and modified scales are discussed.
Elimination of circadian rhythms in drinking, activity, sleep, and temperature by isolation of the suprachiasmatic nuclei

Isolation or destruction of the suprachiasmatic nuclei of rats resulted in an immediate and apparently permanent elimination of circadian rhythms in drinking, wheel running, slow wave sleep, cortical arousal, and brain temperature. While activity levels were reduced, total daily water intakes and amounts of sleep and arousal were not substantially affected. Paradoxical sleep was arhythmic in some animals, whereas others showed a predominantly nocturnal pattern following the lesions. The results support the hypothesis that the suprachiasmatic nuclei may serve as a central neural pacemaker responsible for the generation and entrainment of a number of circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior, and that the regulation of rhythmic functions is mediated by neural efferents from the suprachiasmatic nuclei.
Reinterpretation of Relationships Among Keystone Thrust, Red Springs Thrust, Contact Thrust, and Cottonwood Fault, Clark County, Nevada: ABSTRACT

The basin-range and Sevier tectonic events are well-documented in Clark County, Nevada. Other tectonic events have been interpreted from structural relationships in the Spring Mountains. These include an early thrust-faulting event and a high-angle faulting event that occurred between emplacement of the early thrust and emplacement of the Keystone thrust. The results of this study indicate that there was not an early thrust event nor was there high-angle faulting prior to the Sevier deformational event. The Cottonwood fault and the Contact thrust in the Spring Mountains are interpreted here as a lateral ramp and floor thrust beneath a duplex fault zone. The Keystone thrust forms the roof thrust for the duplex fault End_Page 855------------------------------ zone that bows up the upper plate of the Keystone thrust. The Red Springs thrust is interpreted as the Keystone thrust, which was broken and differentially rotated during Neogene oroclinal bending associated with the Las Vegas shear zone. The structural relationships in the Spring Mountains do not require any Mesozoic or Cenozoic deformational episodes other than the well-known Sevier and basin-range events. End_of_Article - Last_Page 856------------
Analysis of hexene isomers by a modified fieser bromination procedure

Abstract A modified stereospecific Fieser bromination of linear hexenes is described. The procedure eliminates the occurrence of decomposition products which are encountered using a previously published procedure. Dehydrobromination products ofvic-dibromohexanes are presented.
Supersolar Metallicity in Weak Mg II Absorption Systems at z ~ 1.7*

Through photoionization modeling, constraints on the physical conditions of three z ~ 1.7 single-cloud weak Mg II systems [Wr(2796) ≤ 0.3 A] are derived. Constraints are provided by high-resolution R = 45,000, high-S/N spectra of the three quasars HE 0141–3932, HE 0429–4091, and HE 2243–6031, which we have obtained from the ESO archive of VLT UVES. Results are as follows: (1) The single-cloud weak Mg II absorption in the three z ~ 1.7 systems is produced by clouds with ionization parameters of -3.8 < log U − 2.0 and sizes of 1-100 pc. (2) In addition to the low-ionization phase Mg II clouds, all systems need an additional one to three high-ionization phase C IV clouds within 100 km s−1 of the Mg II component. The ionization parameters of the C IV clouds range from -1.9 < log U < − 1.0, with sizes of tens of parsecs to kiloparsecs. (3) Two of the three single-cloud weak Mg II absorbers have near-solar or supersolar metallicities, if we assume a solar abundance pattern. Although such large metallicities have been found for z < 1 weak Mg II absorbers, these are the first high metallicities derived for such systems at higher redshifts. (4) Two of the three weak Mg II systems also need additional low-metallicity, broad Lyα absorption lines, offset in velocity from the metal-line absorption, in order to reproduce the full Lyα profile. (5) Metallicities in single-cloud weak Mg II systems are more than an order of magnitude larger than those in DLA systems at z ~ 1.7. In fact, there appears to be a gradual decrease in metallicity with increasing NH I, from these, the most metal-rich Lyα forest clouds, to Lyman limit systems, to sub-DLAs, and finally to the DLAs.
Child and adolescent psychiatry in Sweden – from yesterday until today

In Sweden, child and adolescent psychiatry developed from various fields of science, including pediatrics, pedagogics, psychology, psychiatry, sociology, and social welfare. The history is almost 100 years old, and there is a strong relationship to pediatrics. In 1951, it became a medical discipline of its own, and was, in 1956, an independent section within the Swedish Society of Medicine. In 1958 the first university chair in this field was located at the Karolinska Institute; today there are four chairs and increasing research. So far, 33 doctoral theses have been defended, some of which have international standing. By inheritance' from pediatrics, there has been a special interest in developing longitudinal prospective methods, using multidisciplinary cooperation and observation periods covering 10, 20, or 30 years. In May 1993, the Berzelius Symposium XXVI on “Mental and psychosocial adaptation in children – a longitudinal and prospective apporach” was arranged by the Swedish Society of Medicine to f...
Shell-model analysis of calcium isotopes

Abstract An intermediate shell model calculation is made for Ca 42 and Ca 43. The effective two-body (static) internucleon potential, acting among the neutrons outside the Ca 40 core, is phenomenologically obtained by fitting the known energy levels of 42 and 43. The fit to eight levels is fair, the rms deviation being 124 keV. The potential is found to differ strongly from that expected from nucleon-nucleon scattering experiments: it is long-, rather than short-ranged, has a weak repulsive (rather than attractive) triplet odd part, and a strong, attractive (rather than weak, repulsive) tensor part. The fit to the energy levels is nevertheless better than what has been obtained heretofore. A comparison of the calculated electromagnetic transition probabilities indicates a considerable amount of surface-particle coupling, indicating a strong admixture of one of the core states. A theorem is derived which facilitates computation of tensor force matrix elements in j−j coupling.
Methane in fluid inclusions from granulites: A product of hydrogen diffusion?☆

Many fluid inclusion studies of granulite grade rocks reveal the presence of CO2rich inclusions that appear to have been trapped near the peak of metamorphism. Final melting temperatures of CO2 [Tm(CO2)] reported for these inclusions are often below the CO2 triple point of −56.6°C, and some are below −60°C. This freezing-point lowering is usually attributed to the presence of a second volatile component, such as CH4, and the presence of CH4 has been confirmed in some cases by Raman or mass spectroscopy. A CO2 melting temperature near −56.6°C is commonly offered as evidence that the inclusions contain “nearly pure CO2”. However, significant amounts of CH4 may be present but cause seemingly insignificant freezing point depressions. C-O-H fluid speciation calculations for conditions representative of granulite facies metamorphism indicate that CH4 may comprise a significant portion of peak metamorphic fluids when graphite is present, but it is never a significant species in CO2-rich fluids. In most cases the amount of CH4 should be virtually undetectable with microthermometric or spectroscopic techniques. Only in aqueous fluid inclusions can CO2 and CH4 both be significant species. Post-trapping speciation changes to fluid inclusions at constant mass cannot account for the reported compositions unless graphite precipitates in the inclusions. Thus, the observed compositions require post-trapping compositional changes due to loss or gain of components. We have modeled variations in the fugacities of molecular fluid species in inclusion and matrix fluids during uplift from 6 kb and 800°C, assuming hypothetical uplift pressure-temperature paths which are concave or convex toward the temperature axis (T-concave and T-convex, respectively). Our results suggest that for rocks buffered at ƒO2 within one log unit of the fayalite-magnetite-quartz equilibrium (FMQ ± 1), most uplift paths result in external ƒH2 overpressures of bars to tens of bars at temperatures > 400°C. The highest overpressures are generated during T-concave uplift. Compositional changes resulting from equilibration of such gradients, via diffusive addition of hydrogen to peak metamorphic fluid inclusions and concomitant reduction of CO2 by conversion to CH4 and H2O, are consistent with the compositions of fluid inclusions reported from granulite terranes. Previous workers have postulated that CO2-rich fluid inclusions in granulites could originate from post-trapping diffusive loss of H2O from H2OCO2 inclusions in response to an ƒH2O gradient between the inclusion and matrix fluids. The results of the present study suggest that for fluids buffered by FMQ ± 1 this is possible only if 1. (1) uplift is T-convex and the matrix fluid composition remains nearly constant, or 2. (2) the matrix fluid evolves toward relatively H2O-poor compositions. The latter could occur if influx of CO2-rich fluids occurs during uplift.
Stroop performance in normal control subjects: an fMRI study.

In an attempt to clarify regional signal intensity changes, which may accompany the performance of the Stroop Color-Word task, healthy subjects were imaged using the fMRI BOLD technique while performing a modified version of the task. Both the AAA and VOA subdivisions of the anterior cingulate cortex were significantly activated during the interference condition; however, only the signal intensity change within the VOA correlated with task performance. Additionally, signal intensity change was significantly increased in the VOA subdivision of the cingulate cortex when controlling for signal intensity change present during the performance of a color naming task. This study extends previous findings by demonstrating that in healthy adults, a subdivision of the cingulate cortex is specifically associated with the cognitive demands present in the interference condition.
Transport properties of stripe-ordered high Tc cuprates

Abstract Transport measurements provide important characterizations of the nature of stripe order in the cuprates. Initial studies of systems such as La1.6−xNd0.4SrxCuO4 demonstrated the strong anisotropy between in-plane and c-axis resistivities, but also suggested that stripe order results in a tendency towards insulating behavior within the planes at low temperature. More recent work on La2−xBaxCuO4 with x = 1/8 has revealed the occurrence of quasi-two-dimensional superconductivity that onsets with spin-stripe order. The suppression of three-dimensional superconductivity indicates a frustration of the interlayer Josephson coupling, motivating a proposal that superconductivity and stripe order are intertwined in a pair-density-wave state. Complementary characterizations of the low-energy states near the Fermi level are provided by measurements of the Hall and Nernst effects, each revealing intriguing signatures of stripe correlations and ordering. We review and discuss this work.
Tissue factor initiation of disseminated intravascular coagulation in filovirus infection

Filovirus infections in humans and primates cause intrinsic activation of the clotting cascade. Tissue factor, the normal activator of the clotting cascade, is released into the bloodstream from activated leukocytes and viral budding from infected cells. This release of tissue factor, a trans-membrane protein found in large amounts in cells preferred by filoviruses for replication, initiates the hemorrhagic complications characteristic of filovirus infection. These complications contribute to the high mortality rates of filovirus infections. Directing chemotheraputic measures at the release of tissue factor, which causes the hemorrhagic complications, will result in significant reductions of mortality rates in man and primates.
"Deconstruction" of the abused synthetic cathinone methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and an examination of effects at the human dopamine transporter.

Synthetic cathinones, β-keto analogues of amphetamine (or, more correctly, of phenylalkylamines), represent a new and growing class of abused substances. Several such analogues have been demonstrated to act as dopamine (DA) releasing agents. Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) was the first synthetic cathinone shown to act as a cocaine-like DA reuptake inhibitor. MDPV and seven deconstructed analogues were examined to determine which of MDPV’s structural features account(s) for uptake inhibition. In voltage-clamped (−60 mV) Xenopus oocytes transfected with the human DA transporter (hDAT), all analogues elicited inhibitor-like behavior shown as hDAT-mediated outward currents. Using hDAT-expressing mammalian cells we determined the affinities of MDPV and its analogues to inhibit uptake of [3H]DA by hDAT that varied over a broad range (IC50 values ca. 135 to >25 000 nM). The methylenedioxy group of MDPV made a minimal contribution to affinity, the carbonyl group and a tertiary amine are more important, and the...
Primary Murine Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells, Maintained in Long-Term Culture, Are Susceptible to Rotavirus Infection

We describe a method for long-term culture of primary small intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) from suckling mice. IEC were digested from intestinal fragments as small intact units of epithelium (organoids) by using collagenase and dispase. IEC proliferated from organoids on a basement-membrane-coated culture surface and remained viable for 3 weeks. Cultured IEC had the morphologic and functional characteristics of immature enterocytes, notably sustained expression of cytokeratin and alkaline phosphatase. Few mesenchymal cells were present in the IEC cultures. IEC were also cultured from adult BALB/c mice and expressed major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens for at least 48 h in vitro. Primary IEC supported the growth of rhesus rotavirus (RRV) to a greater extent than a murine small intestinal cell line, m-ICcl2. Cell-culture-adapted murine rotavirus strain EDIM infected primary IEC and m-ICcl2 cells to a lesser extent than RRV. Wild-type EDIM did not infect either cell type. Long-term culture of primary murine small intestinal epithelial cells provides a method to study (i) virus-cell interactions, (ii) the capacity of IEC to act as antigen-presenting cells using a wide variety of MHC haplotypes, and (iii) IEC biology.
Log-efficient search for significant inputs of linear model

Abstract This paper is concerned with the search for an unknown s-tuple A of significant inputs in a linear model with t random discrete carriers and finitely supported i.i.d. noise. We study the decision based on s maximal values T 1 of Shannon information between various input and the output N-sequences. It was studied in Malyutov and Sadaka (Random Oper. Stochastic Equations 6 (4) (1998) 339) (abbreviated as MS98) as one of two nonparametric decisions introduced there inspired by the related study in Csiszar and Korner, Information Theory: Coding Theorems for Discrete Memoryless Systems, Academic Press, New York, NY, 1981. It was shown in MS98 that both decisions have the best asymptotic rates as t→∞ uniformly over arbitrary noise distributions and the set of significant parameters in the corresponding classes of tests. We show here that T 1 also provides the best rate of the mean error probability exponential decay (defined in Section 2) among the tests based on separate testing influence of each input to the output sequence for a natural class of random designs. The results of this paper (and MS98 for t→∞) justify the universal optimality of the introduced decisions, when used under random balance designs.
Electronic band structure of indium tin oxide and criteria for transparent conducting behavior

Indium-based transparent conductors, notably indium tin oxide (ITO), have a wide range of applications due to a unique combination of visible light transparency and modest conductivity. A fundamental understanding of such an unusual combination of properties is strongly motivated by the great demand for materials with improved transparent conducting properties. Here we formulate conditions for transparent conducting behavior on the basis of the local density full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital electronic band structure calculations for Sn-doped ${\mathrm{In}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and available experimental data. We conclude that the position, dispersion, and character of the lowest conduction band are the key characteristics of the band structure responsible for its electro-optical properties. Further, we find that this lowest band is split with Sn doping due to the strong hybridization with dopant s-type states and this splitting contributes to both the decrease of the plasma frequency and the mobility of the carriers.