cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of temporal and spectral noise features on gap detection behavior by calling green treefrogs

Communication plays a central role in the behavioral ecology of many animals, yet the background noise generated by large breeding aggregations may impair effective communication. A common behavioral strategy to ameliorate noise interference is gap detection, where signalers display primarily during lulls in the background noise. When attempting gap detection, signalers have to deal with the fact that the spacing and duration of silent gaps is often unpredictable, and that noise varies in its spectral composition and may thus vary in the degree in which it impacts communication. I conducted playback experiments to examine how male treefrogs deal with the problem that refraining from calling while waiting for a gap to appear limits a male's ability to attract females, yet producing calls during noise also interferes with effective sexual communication. I found that the temporal structure of noise (i.e., duration of noise and silent gap segments) had a stronger effect on male calling behavior than the spectral composition. Males placed calls predominantly during silent gaps and avoided call production during short, but not long, noise segments. This suggests that male treefrogs use a calling strategy that maximizes the production of calls without interference, yet allows for calling to persist if lulls in the background noise are infrequent.
Is Mental Content Prior to Linguistic Meaning

Most contemporary work on the nature of intentionality proceeds from the thesis that the fundamental sort of representation is mental representation. The purpose of this essay is to argue that, to a large extent, this starting point is mistaken. A clear view of some of the phenomena with which the philosophies of language and mind are centrally concerned—including the nature of mental content and linguistic meaning—requires taking seriously the idea that public languages can and often do serve as a vehicle for the thoughts of agents. The picture of intentionality which informs most contemporary work on mental and linguistic representation may be brought out by considering three questions. First, there is a question about the relation between thought and language, namely
A Linear Model Study of Cross-Equatorial Flow Forced by Summer Monsoon Heat Sources

Abstract A linear model of the steady response of a stratified fluid to isolated heat sources on a sphere is developed. The model is used to examine the response to diabatic heating associated with summer monsoon precipitation in India and to low-level diabatic heating along the northeast coast of Africa. In a laterally unbounded, spherical domain, the summer monsoon heat source forces a cross-equatorial meridional cell that is about half as strong as the main response feature, which is a cell oriented zonally and situated on the west side of the source. The imposition of a meridional wall concentrates the cross-equatorial flow in the meridional cell into a western boundary current. For representative summer monsoon heating the northward transport in this simple East African Jet is comparable to what is observed. The cross-equatorial flew pattern forced by low-level, diabatic heating along the African coast consists of a western boundary current near the equator that turns into a geostrophically balanced ...
Novel histone deacetylase 8 ligands without a zinc chelating group: Exploring an ‘upside-down’ binding pose

A novel series of HDAC8 inhibitors without a zinc-chelating hydroxamic acid moiety is reported. Photoaffinity labeling and molecular modeling studies suggest that these ligands are likely to bind in an 'upside-down' fashion in a secondary binding site proximal to the main catalytic site. The most potent ligand in the series exhibits an IC(50) of 28 μM for HDAC8 and is found to inhibit the deacetylation of H4 but not α-tubulin in SH-SY5Y cell line.
Antheridium formation in ferns—A model for the study of developmental change

SUMMARY 1 Studies on the physiology of antheridium formation in ferns are reported. They are based on Dopp's demonstration of a substance controlling the initiation of these organs. The substance is active toward many if not all species of the family Polypodiaceae but inactive towards the species investigated of the families Schizaeaceae, Osmundaceae and Cyatheaceae. 2 Studies on unresponsive species led to the demonstration of a factor which controls antheridium formation in Anemia phyUitidis (Schizaeaceae), but is inactive towards the species used to assay for the factor active in many polypodiaceous species. In Lygodium japonicum the studies indicate that antheridium formation is controlled by still another substance, even though this species also belongs to the Schizaeaceae. 3 The prothaUi of the polypodiaceous species Onocka sensibilis respond to the active substance at a young stage of development, but become unable to respond to it soon after they attain heart shape. This loss of sensitivity takes place within less than 2 days. Once insensitive, the prothaUi fail to respond to the active substance even if they are supplied with a concentration 15,000 times higher than that sufficient to bring about a response in prothaUi just 2 days younger. 4 Surgical studies performed by Dopp indicate that the meristem of the maturing prothaUus begins to elaborate a substance that imposes this loss of sensitivity. 5 An hypothesis is put forward that the antheridial factor acts by removing a block to antheridium formation. Certain of the author's investigations were supported in part by a research grant (NSF G-15114) from the National Science Foundation.
Serotonin syndrome after sertraline overdose in a 5-year-old girl

Sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), is frequently prescribed for depression in adults and is becoming more popular for children and adolescents. 1 While it has a relatively favorable safety and toleration profile in adults, its pharmacokinetic properties in children are not yet well established. 2 A spectrum of symptoms has been described following sertraline ingestion. Commonly reported physical side effects include gastrointestinal tract symptoms, tachycardia, and somnolence. Behavioral symptoms consistent with hypomania have also been reported. This report summarizes physical and behavioral symptoms consistent with sertraline overdose and describes a probable case of serotonin Table 1. Summary of Hospital Course Time From Ingestion, h Feature 8 48 72 216 Temperature, °C Blood pressure, mm Hg Pulse, beats/min Respiratory rate, beats/min Behavior Laboratory values Sertraline levels 39.1 138/107 172 33 Tremulous, agitated, alert White blood cell count: 8.8 ×109/L 38.6 170/83 177 24 Tremulous, agitated, alert 38.3 124/68 126
Palmitoylation of Tubulin

Abstract Tubulin is a very water soluble protein, yet a significant portion is firmly associated with cell membranes. Because recent work has shown that palmitoylation is a dynamic process that can alter the targeting of proteins to membranes, we tested whether or not tubulin could be palmitoylated to account for its membrane location. Tubulin acylation was measured by incorporation of [3H]palmitate into PC12 cells in culture. We found palmitoylated tubulin in both cell pellet and cytosol with a higher concentration in the former. EGF-stimulated PC12 cells incorporated the same amount of palmitate per unit protein but the proportion in the membrane fraction was enhanced. More palmitate of the pellet was found in α than β tubulin; EGF stimulation primarily increased palmitate in β tubulin. In addition we found that palmitic acid was present both as thioesters and as oxyesters. We suggest that palmitoylation may contribute to the membrane localization of tubulin and can be regulated by growth factors.
Pharmacokinetics of bendamustine in the central nervous system: chemoinformatic screening followed by validation in a murine model

Bendamustine is a novel bifunctional chemotherapeutic agent with activity against multiple cancers. There has been no definitive data on its capacity to penetrate the central nervous system. Our chemoinformatic screening predicted excellent CNS penetration, which was validated by in vivo pharmacokinetic analysis in mice. Bendamustine has 35% CNS penetration in our mouse model. Bendamustine should be further evaluated for use in treatment of primary and secondary CNS tumors.
A QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF A SECOND LINEAR LEAGUE USED IN NEW SPAIN

A linear league of about 4.19 km has often been cited as the only linear land league used in New Spain in the 16th Century, leading to significant underestimations of distances reported for that period. Data analysis of an itinerary written in the 1590's indicates a second Castilian league of 5.572 km was also used by travelers in New Spain. If applied where appropriate, this additional league evaluation should benefit historical geographical research in Spanish colonial North America.
Relationship of polyps to cancer of the large intestine.

Background Pathologic and epidemiologic evidence indicates that patients with sporadic (nonfamilial) adenomatous polyps of the large intestine are at high risk of developing colorectal cancer. Purpose Our primary goal in this study was to evaluate the colorectal cancer mortality rate among persons who have had a histologically confirmed benign colorectal polyp. Methods We used the retrospective follow-up method to evaluate the risk of death from colorectal cancer in 2872 Rhode Island men and women who were 24 through 79 years of age at the time of surgery for benign polyps in the years 1959 through 1975. Results Among 2872 subjects, the mortality from colorectal cancer, standardized for age, sex, and calendar time, was estimated as 1.74 (95% confidence interval = 1.44-2.09) times the rate in the general population of Rhode Island residents. Colorectal cancer mortality was higher in the first 5 years of follow-up than it was later. There was little relationship between the numbers of polyps and colorectal cancer mortality, and there was only a modest association between the size of polyps and mortality. Colorectal cancer mortality was more than twice as high in subjects whose polyps were proximal to the sigmoid compared with those with sigmoid or rectal polyps. The observed elevation of risk of colorectal cancer was almost entirely confined to subjects who had an adenomatous polyp. The risk increased strongly with the percentage of villous features in the polyp and was about twice as high in subjects with villous adenoma than in those with other adenomatous polyps. Conclusions Our results support the suspected relationship between colorectal polyps and cancer incidence and extend the association to colorectal cancer mortality.
Closed-form solution of a shear deformable, extensional ring in contact between two rigid surfaces

Abstract Contact of a circular ring with a flat, rigid ground is considered using curved beam theory and analytical methods. Applications include tires, springs, and stiffeners, among others. The governing differential equations are derived using the principle of virtual work and the formulation includes deformations due to bending, transverse shear and circumferential extension. The three associated stiffness quantities, EI , GA and EA , respectively, remain as independent parameters in the differential equations. This allows the special cases such as an inextensible Timoshenko beam ( EI and GA ) or an extensible Euler beam ( EI and EA ) to be obtained directly by the appropriate limits. The effect of these three stiffness parameters on the contact pressure solution is studied, which shows how those fundamental parameters can be selected for the purpose of the application. Although the formulation is for small displacement theory, both radial and circumferential distributed loads are considered, which allows the pressure in the deformed state to be vertical rather than radial, which is shown to be important. Closed form expressions for all force and displacement quantities are obtained in terms of the angular location of the edge of contact, which must be determined numerically. Extensibility complicates the analytical expressions within the contact region, and a series solution is proposed in this case. A two-term asymptotic expression for the stiffness of the ring is determined analytically. Finally, all solutions are validated using the commercial finite element software ABAQUS, with attention to non-linear behavior and the range of validity of these solutions.
Individual differences in inference generation: An erp analysis

Readers routinely draw inferences with remarkable efficiency and seemingly little cognitive effort. The present study was designed to explore different types of inferences during the course of reading, and the potential effects of differing levels of working memory capacity on the likelihood that inferences would be made. The electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded from five scalp sites while participants read 90 paragraphs, composed of 60 experimental paragraphs and 30 filler paragraphs. Each experimental paragraph was four sentences long, and the final sentence stated explicitly the inference that readers did or did not make. There were four types of experimental paragraphs: (1) Bridging inference, (2) Elaborative inference, (3) Word-Based Priming control, and (4) No Inference control. Participants were tested using the Daneman and Carpenter (1980) Reading Span Task and categorized as having low or high working memory capacity. The average peaks of the N400 component of the event-related brain potential (EM) were used as a measure of semantic priming and integration, such that the lower the N400 was in response to the explicitly stated inference concept, the more likely it was that the reader made the inference. Results indicate that readers with high working memory capacity made both bridging (necessary) and elaborative (optional) inferences during reading, whereas readers with low working memory capacity made only bridging inferences during reading. We interpret the findings within the framework of the Capacity Constrained Comprehension model of Just and Carpenter (1992).
Correlation between sperm creatine phosphokinase activity and sperm concentrations in normospermic and oligospermic men

Toward the development of biochemical probes for the assessment of sperm function we have measured the activities of sperm creatine-N-phosphotransferase (CPK). There was a highly significant inverse correlation (P less than 0.001 in all comparisons) between sperm CPK activities and sperm concentrations in specimens of normospermic and oligospermic men with greater than 30 million sperm/ml (0.106 +/- 0.01 SEM, N = 90, expressed as CPK U/100 million sperm), 20-30 million sperm/ml (0.333 +/- 0.07 SEM, N = 30) and 10-20 million sperm/ml (0.583 +/- 0.12 SEM, N = 30) when compared with the CPK values of the less than 10 million/ml specimens (2.242 +/- 0.46 SEM, N = 30). Furthermore, the distribution of CPK activities within these four groups showed that 96%, 67%, 43%, and 4% of the samples, respectively, were in the less than 0.250 CPK U/100 million sperm normal range (mean + 2 SD of the greater than 30 million sperm/ml group). However, there was no relationship between sperm CPK activities and the values of sperm motility (P greater than 0.15) or morphology (P = 0.38) in the samples. The migrated sperm fractions (significantly improved in motility and velocity parameters) showed CPK activities lower than the initial semen specimens (P less than 0.01, N = 150). In fact, in some oligospermic men the CPK activities of the migrated sperm fractions were within the range of normospermic samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
INTEGRATED NATIONAL TRANSIT DATABASE ANALYSIS SYSTEM

The Integrated National Transit Database Analysis System (INTDAS) is a user-friendly software designed to facilitate the retrieval and analysis of data from the National Transit Database (NTD). INTDAS is an integrated database system that (a) combines individual NTD data files from multiple years into a single, standardized database and (b) provides customized tools for easy data retrieval, visualization, analysis, and transfer. The system is useful for both the practitioners and researchers who use NTD data to improve transit performance and services. The INTDAS database combines the 1984 to 2000 NTD data for all transit systems reported to the NTD program. INTDAS is equipped with highly customized functions that allow the user to quickly retrieve data of multiple transit systems of multiple years for trend analyses, peer comparisons, and data inquiries. A customized query editor allows the user to identify transit systems that meet a certain profile. An automated Florida peer selection process is also implemented to allow the user to identify comparable transit systems in peer analyses. Retrieved data can be displayed in tables, forms, or charts. The user may also set up formulas to derive new variables from the original NTD variables. All output from INTDAS can be saved to files in various formats and automatically sent to a third party as an e-mail file attachment. Although the system was developed for Florida, its functions are applicable to general users.
Effects of extracellular potassium and 4-aminopyridine on corticosteroid secretion

Abstract Transient alteration in [K + ] 0 significantly influenced basal and stimulated corticosteroid secretory activity of superfused rat adrenal cortical tissue slices. A transient rise in [K + ] 0 resulted in an increase in basal steroid secretion. Removal of extracellular K + from the superfusing medium significantly reduced basal as well as ACTH and cAMP-stimulated steroid production. Elevated [K + ] 0 significantly potentiated cAMP's and to a much lesser extent increased ACTH's steroid stimulatory activity. The K + flux inhibitor, 4-aminopyridine (4AP) (10 mM) elicited an initial decline in basal steroid secretory activity. A single 10-ml dose of 10 mM but not 1 mM 4AP significantly diminished, for many hours, ACTH's and cAMP's ability to stimulate adrenal steroid secretion. The combination of elevated [K + ] 0 and 4AP administration resulted in additional reduction of the ability of ACTH to stimulate steroid production. This combination of 4AP with [K + ] 0 elevations also blocked the potentiating effect of K + on cAMP-stimulated steroid secretion. Together these findings demonstrated that some procedures which can alter the distribution of K + across the adrenal cell membrane are capable of profoundly influencing the secretion of the predominant glucocorticoid from the rat adrenal gland under in vitro superfusion conditions. The data support the suggestion that a slight rise in intracellular K + concentration would be stimulatory and that further increase of, or a decline in, this ion's intracellular level would be inhibitory to basal and stimulated steroid secretory activity.
Highly durable graphene nanoplatelets supported Pt nanocatalysts for oxygen reduction

Abstract We report graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), which exhibit the advantages of both single-layer graphene and highly graphitic carbon, as a durable alternative support material for Pt nanoparticles for oxygen reduction in fuel cells. Pt nanoparticles are deposited on poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA)-coated GNP, and characterized with transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, and electrochemical tests. Pt/GNP exhibits greatly enhanced electrochemical durability (2–3 times that of Pt/CNT and commercial Etek Pt/C). These are attributed to the intrinsic high graphitization degree of GNP and the enhanced Pt-carbon interaction in Pt/GNP. If considering that GNP can be easily mass produced from graphite, GNP is a promising, low-cost, and durable electrocatalyst support for oxygen reduction in fuel cells.
A NEXAFS investigation of the formation and decomposition of CuO and Cu2O thin films on Cu(100)

Abstract We report the use of near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) to unambiguously characterize the oxidation state of copper in copper oxides. The method is based on the analysis of the oxygen K-edge and copper L-edge features of Cu2O and CuO powder materials. To further demonstrate its utility, NEXAFS was also used to follow spectroscopically the oxidation of a Cu(100) single crystal surface by NO2, and the thermal decomposition of the resulting oxides. In agreement with previous studies [J.A. Rodriguez, J. Hrbek, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 12 (1994) 2140], our NEXAFS results indicate that NO2 dissociates on the metal surface, generating NO and atomic oxygen which subsequently reacts with the Cu(100) surface to produce Cu2O (300 K) or a mixture of Cu2O and CuO (250 K). Upon heating, the thermodynamically unstable CuO transforms into Cu2O.
1.55-um Er-doped GaN LED

Erbium (Er) doped semiconductors are of interest for light- emitting device applications operating at around 1.55 micrometers and for the potential integration with other semiconductor devices. However, the optical emission of Er3+ ions in semiconductors has not been as efficient as in dielectric materials, particularly at room temperature. This may be because ionic bonds, which are characteristic of dielectrics, are better suited for forming the required Er3+ energy levels than are covalent bonds, which are present in most III-V semiconductors. In this paper, we report 1.55 micrometers emission from an Er-doped GaN LED. We also discuss effect of the measurement temperature on the emission spectrum as well as the effect of sample annealing on the emission spectrum.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Analytical Solutions to Surface Location Error in Milling

This paper provides two new analytical solutions to the computation of surface location errors, or part geometric errors that arise due to forced vibrations of the cutting tool, during stable milling. The two approaches are based on frequency domain and harmonic balance analyses. Comparisons between the analytical results, time domain simulation, and experiment are included.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
What do adult age differences in the Digit Symbol Substitution Test reflect

Results from three studies are reported in which adults between 18 and 84 years of age performed various versions of the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. The first study revealed that the age-related declines in digit-symbol performance were largely independent of both the amount of education the participants had received and their self-reported health status, and were characterized by a gradual shift in the entire distribution of scores with little age-related increase in variance. The age relations were greatly attenuated after statistical control of a composite measure of perceptual comparison speed, however, implying considerable commonalities between perceptual comparison speed and what the Digit Symbol Substitution Test measures. Two further studies indicated that young and old adults appeared to use similar strategies to perform the task, and were nearly equivalent in the proportions of time devoted to writing the responses and searching the code table.
On vagueness, 4D and diachronic universalism

I offer a new criticism of the argument from vagueness to four-dimensionalism [Sider 2001. The argument is modelled after an older argument for mereological universalism [Lewis 1986 and may be looked upon as a tightened-up and extended version of the latter. While I agree with other critics [Koslicki 2003; Markosian 2004 that the argument from vagueness fails precisely because of this affinity, my recipe for dealing with it is different. I reject the assumption, shared by Sider with his opponents, that synchronic composition and ‘minimal diachronic fusion’ are sufficiently similar to use considerations inspired by the analysis of the former to bear on the latter. My objection to a crucial premise of the argument from vagueness turns on the relevant aspect of dissimilarity between these two cases.
“Right at the Meat of Things”: Virginia Woolf in Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?

MARTHA (Sings, conducts with her drink in her hand. HONEY joins in toward the end): Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf, Virginia Woolf, Virginia Woolf, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf. … (MARTHA and HON...
Particle characterization using a holographic ring-wedge detector and an optical neural network

Digital and optical implementations of the holographic ring detector directly coupled into an optical neural network are studied as a means of increasing the speed of the decision process for particle characterization. A single holographic optical element which performs the same function as a ring detector and a simple two-layer, feedforward optical neural network is fabricated and evaluated.
Photoionization Threshold of Eumelanosomes Determined Using UV Free Electron Laser−Photoelectron Emission Microscopy

The application of UV-free electron laser photoelectron emission microscopy (UV-FEL PEEM) to measure the threshold photoelectron spectrum and photoionization potential for human eumelanosomes is described. The origin of potential artifacts and the limitations of the technique are discussed and their potential effects on the measured photoionization potential are quantified. The UV-FEL-PEEM images collected on human eumelanosomes isolated from black hair show that the organelle is photoionized by UV-B radiation. The photoionization threshold is determined to be 4.6 ± 0.2 eV. This result provides new insight into the origin of the differences between the photoionization and oxygen photoconsumption action spectra for eumelanins.
PGC-1α is induced by parathyroid hormone and coactivates Nurr1-mediated promoter activity in osteoblasts

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) potently activates cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA)-driven molecular cascades in osteoblasts. The NR4A/NGFI-B orphan nuclear receptor (NR) Nurr1 is a PTH-induced, cAMP-responsive primary response gene (PRG) that transactivates osteocalcin (Ocn) expression through a putative NGFI-B response element (NBRE) in the proximal promoter. As a true orphan NR, Nurr1's expression level and coactivator recruitment regulate its transactivation capacity. We postulated that Nurr1's induction through cAMP-PKA signaling might favor a coactivator that is likewise cAMP-dependent. A possible candidate is the cAMP-inducible coactivator PPARgamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha). We hypothesize that PGC-1alpha is a PTH-induced PRG that synergizes with Nurr1 to induce target gene transcription in osteoblasts. We show that 10 nM PTH for 2 h maximally induced PGC-1alpha mRNA in primary mouse osteoblasts (MOBs) and calvariae. Selective signaling agonists and antagonists demonstrated that PTH induced PGC-1alpha mRNA primarily through the cAMP-PKA pathway. Protein synthesis inhibition sustained PTH-induced PGC-1alpha expression. PGC-1alpha enhanced Nurr1-induced transactivation of a consensus 3xNBRE-luciferase construct and the rat (-1050)Ocn promoter-luciferase construct from 3.7- to 9.6- and 10.1-fold, respectively. This synergy required Nurr1-DNA binding, since a mutation of the Ocn promoter NBRE abolished both Nurr1- and Nurr1-PGC-1alpha-induced transactivation. Using GST pull-down assays, PGC-1alpha directly interacted with in vitro-generated and nuclear Nurr1. We conclude that PGC-1alpha is a PTH-induced, cAMP-dependent PRG that directly synergizes with Nurr1 to transactivate target genes in osteoblasts. Taken together with published data, our findings suggest that Nurr1 and PGC-1alpha may be pivotal mediators of cAMP-induced osteoblast gene expression and osteoblast function.
Freedom of speech within the Nixon administration

This essay examines freedom of government officials to critically evaluate public policies and programs during the Nixon Administration, and surveys the role of free speech in effective intragovernmental decision‐making and President Nixon's style of leadership. It argues that freedom of expression was significantly restricted within the Nixon Administration during the formulation of both domestic and foreign policy.
Reward dysregulation and mood symptoms in an adolescent outpatient sample.

Research on bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSD) in adolescence has burgeoned in the last decade, but continued work is needed to identify endophenotypic markers associated with illness onset and course. The present study examined reward dysregulation—measured via the behavioral activation system (BAS)—as one putative marker of BPSD in adolescence. A diverse group of 425 outpatient adolescents between 11 and 17 years of age (52 % male) completed the Behavioral Inhibition and Activation Scale (BIS-BAS) scale to measure reward dysregulation. Semi-structured interviews determined diagnoses and severity of mood symptoms. Parent-reported BAS was associated with increased symptoms of mania, and parent and adolescent-reported BAS were associated with symptoms of depression. Parent-reported BIS scores were associated with increased symptoms of mania. Results held independent of diagnostic status. Furthermore, parent BIS/BAS reports were stronger predictors for manic symptoms compared to adolescent-reports. Results extend work in adults with BPSD, suggesting a transdiagnostic association between reward dysregulation and mood symptom severity in adolescence.
Working Anita Bryant: The Impact of Christian Anti-Gay Activism on Lesbian and Gay Movement Claims

Social movement scholarship claims that opposing movements can create opportunities and generate mobilization for the other side. However, there are still open questions as to how this influence between opposing movements operates on an organizational level. This paper looks closely at one aspect of the impact of opposing movements: rhetorical strategies. I examine historical documents produced by social movement organizations to determine the processes through which interactions between opposing movements are integrated into the everyday work of producing movement claims. This historical analysis evaluates the flyers, newsletters, and press releases of lesbian and gay movement organizations in the United States over time, comparing documents produced before the emergence of the Christian anti-gay counter movement in 1977, with those produced immediately following the counter movement's entry into the political scene. I analyze the shifts in lesbian and gay activists' claims between these two brief time periods and link these changes to the presence of Christian anti-gay activists. I find that frames, tone, and language shift for issues that were directly addressed by the Christian anti-gay movement (lesbian and gay rights), but that no similar change was present for issues on which the anti-gay movement remained silent (police harassment and lesbian/gay media representations). These findings support the claim that opposing movements alter the political context in which the other side works, but they also demonstrate that new opportunities produced by an opposing movement may be issue-specific rather than movement-wide.
An ultraviolet device for the destruction of bacteria on contaminated dental handpiece surfaces. (concluded).

Abstract 1. 1. An ultraviolet device, attached to the dental unit, has been described for the destruction of bacteria upon the contaminated dental handpiece. 2. 2. The device serves a secondary function by deodorizing oils and greases used for the lubrication of handpieces. It may also be used as an aid in deodorizing the dental office. 3. 3. After two years' clinical trial, during which time the device was frequently used all day, there has been no harm to the operator, or any of the patients, due to the escape of the ultraviolet rays incident to opening and closing the door. 4. 4. Grossly contaminated handpieces showed a 99 per cent reduction of the surface bacteria in approximately one hour of irradiation. 5. 5. A new method is described for experimentally contaminating dental handpieces which affords greater consistency in the distribution and density of organisms. This method also enables a control handpiece to be used in each instance. 6. 6. It has been demonstrated that periods of irradiation of thirty seconds or less may not only stimulate the proliferation of bacteria but also are apparently capable of inhibiting some bactericidal factor in the saliva. 7. 7. A six months' clinical trial indicated that this device was quite efficient in a series of endodontic procedures in which instance the rubber dam was always applied. 8. 8. After the use of a positive method of sterilizing the handpiece, the device may be used in operative and surgical procedures for the purpose of suppressing contamination before and during use on a patient. 9. 9. From a practical standpoint, this device is very simple to use in any dental procedure and constitutes not the slightest encumbrance thereto. 10. 10. All mechanical features are now completely satisfactory and a new extremely powerful device is contemplated which should afford a 99 per cent kill of surface bacteria in not more than one or two minutes.
A quantitative radiometric assay to measure mammalian cell binding to hyphae of Candida albicans.

A rapid and reproducible assay has been developed to measure the capacity of lymphocytes to bind to Candida albicans. Lymphocytes that bound to C. albicans were either the large granular lymphocyte cell line, YT, or interleukin-2 activated lymphocytes. Lymphocyte binding was assessed as the associated radioactivity of 51Cr-labeled lymphocytes with preformed hyphae. The assay was sensitive to detection of 0.6 lymphocytes/one hyphal form at one half maximal lymphocyte binding capacity. The assay correlated well with direct microscopic assessment of lymphocyte binding to C. albicans and provided quantitative radiometric data. Although the assay was developed for the assessment of lymphocyte adhesion to C. albicans, it can be used to measure binding of other mammalian cells (e.g., polymorphonuclear leukocytes) to this fungus. In addition, the assay may be used to identify molecules involved in the adhesion of lymphocytes and other mammalian cells to C. albicans.
Energy and peak power savings potential of radiant cooling systems in US commercial buildings

Abstract The paper describes a parametric study developed to estimate the energy and peak power savings potential of radiant cooling systems in commercial buildings in the US. The study is based on the numerical modeling of a radiant cooling system and an all-air system at different locations in the US. The results show that a building equipped with a radiant cooling system can be operated in any US climate with low risk of condensation. For the office space examined in the study, employing a radiant cooling system instead of a traditional all-air system can save on average 30% of the energy consumption and 27% of the peak power demand due to space conditioning. The savings potential is climate-dependent, and is larger in retrofitted buildings than in new construction.
Effects of d-amphetamine on schedule induced polydipsia☆

Abstract Two female Sprague-Dawley albino rats were selected in terms of the amount of schedule induced polydipsia which developed on an FI-1 min food reinforcement schedule at 80% of their initial body weights. The effecs of six different doses of d -amphetamine administered intraperitoneally, 0.05, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, and 2.00 mg/kg on bar presses and schedule induced licking and water consumption were determined and compared to results obtained during baseline and following placebo injections. In the animal which displayed less schedule induced polydipsia during preinjection baseline, results indicate that amphetamine in low doses tended to enhance adjunctive licking and water consumption whereas higher doses decreased the same behavior. There was no obvious enhancement in the other animal, which displayed more adjunctive licking during baseline, and drinking as well as licking decreased with increasing dose. Both animals displayed a similar dose related increase in bar presses with a maximum at 1.50 mg/kg.
White pebbles help

A family of directed acyclic graphs of vertex indegree 2 is constructed for which there are strategies of the black-white pebble game that use asymptotically fewer pebbles than the best strategies of the black pebble game. This shows that there are straight-line programs that can be evaluated nondeterministically with asymptotically less space than is required by any deterministic evaluation.
A Grim Semantics For Logics of Belief

Patrick Grim has presented arguments supporting the intuition that any notion of a totality of truths is incoherent. We suggest a natural semantics for various logics of belief which reflect Grim’s intuition. The semantics is a topological semantics, and we suggest that the \(T_{1} \) condition can be interpreted to reflect Grim’s intuition. Beyond this, we present a natural canonical topological model for K4 and KD4.
System-on-Chip Subband Decomposition Architectures for Ultrasonic Detection Applications

This paper presents a hardware efficient system-on-chip (SoC) sensor architecture for ultrasonic imaging applications that uses the split-spectrum processing (SSP) algorithm. The SSP design is realized using recursive subband decomposition techniques for achieving minimal hardware and power consumption. Recursive implementations of discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) are presented for subband decomposition which result in sparse transform operations and significantly reduced hardware and power requirements. A comparative study and performance results present the advantages of the recursive hardware architecture compared to the conventional implementation of the SSP algorithm using IP cores for FFT.
The influence of dielectric layers on the CW-Laser Annealing of polysilicon

Polysilicon films were deposited on the following four dielectric layers: 0.10 μm Si02, 0.10 μm Si3N4, 1.0 μm Si02 and a dual layer of 0.10 μm Si3N4 over 1.0 μm Si02. The films were doped with As or P and then annealed with a scanning CW-argon laser. The resulting sheet resistance at a given laser power depends upon both the dielectric material and its thickness. The threshold power, that causes complete melting of the polysilicon, is inversely proportional to the thermal resistance of the underlying dielectric layers. With certain laser parameters and substrate film combinations, excessive thermal stresses cause cracking of the polysilicon films. The laser annealing process is also influenced by the net optical reflectance of the polysilicon/ dielectric multilayer films.
A Scalable Approach to Learn Semantic Models of Structured Sources

Semantic models of data sources describe the meaning of the data in terms of the concepts and relationships defined by a domain ontology. Building such models is an important step toward integrating data from different sources, where we need to provide the user with a unified view of underlying sources. In this paper, we present a scalable approach to automatically learn semantic models of a structured data source by exploiting the knowledge of previously modeled sources. Our evaluation shows that the approach generates expressive semantic models with minimal user input, and it is scalable to large ontologies and data sources with many attributes.
Short-term chloral hydrate administration and cancer in humans.

Objective: Chloral hydrate, used as a hypnosedative in adults and children, has been shown to be genotoxic and carcinogenic in animal studies. We investigated the potential causal association between chloral hydrate exposure and cancer risk in humans.
Coinages and Royal Monetary Policy in Languedoc during the Reign of Saint Louis

AT the accession of Louis IX in 1226 and the institution of royal government in Languedoc, the king's money was hardly known in those extended territories which lay between English and Imperial holdings in southern France. The inhabitants of that region, indeed, were still inclined to look upon France proper, to the north, as a foreign land. Half a century later, however, the royal penny had become a widely used currency in Languedoc. This development, with an accompaniment of definite royal policies toward the seigneurial coinages, is an important aspect of that process whereby the larger part of Languedoc, notably the county of Toulouse and its dependencies, became in fact as well as in right subject to the crown. The more interesting historical problems relate to the shifting fortunes of the feudal coinages, the nature of the changes effected by the king's administration, and the part played in this development by Alfonse of Poitiers, a "baron" of the blood royal.2 When it happened in 1212 that the elder Simon de Montfort, in consequence of his efforts and leadership in the early Albigensian campaigns, gained papal and royal recognition as count of Toulouse, the first step toward a new political order was accomplished in Languedoc. At the time of his ouster the hereditary count, Raymond VI, held titular control of the Quercy, the Rouergue, the Agenais, the Albigeois, the viscounty of Nimes, and the marquisate of Provence, while the count of Foix, the viscount of Beziers and Carcassonne, and to a lesser degree the lord of Montpellier (the king of Aragon), recognized the overlordship of Toulouse. The failure of Amaury de Montfort to maintain his father's conquests and the suspect orthodoxy of the dispossessed but resourceful heir of Raymond VI led to the successful invasion of Languedoc by Louis VIII in 1226. The young Raymond VII, submissive by necessity, was permitted to retain his inheritance, but at the price of very considerable concessions to the king. By the terms of the treaty of 1229 the duchy of Narbonne,' the viscounty of Nimes, and that part of the Albigeois which lay to the south of the Tarn, were irrevocably united to the
On STM concurrency control for multicore embedded real-time software

We consider software transactional memory (STM) concurrency control in multicore embedded real-time software. We design an Earliest-Deadline-First (EDF) contention manager (CM) to augment STM's obstruction-free progress semantics. We establish the conditions under which STM/EDF-CM is competitive to lock-based and lock-free synchronization. Our experimental results reveal that STM/EDF-CM outperforms highly concurrent, fine-grain lock-based complex data structures, for which lock-free is often not viable.
Erectile dysfunction associated with bortezomib treatment in a patient with multiple myeloma and amyloidosis.

Case Report Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is the dose-limiting toxicity of bortezomib, a reversible selective proteasome inhibitor approved for the treatment of MM. The incidence of new or worsening bortezomibinduced PN in untreated and relapsed or refractory MM is 44% and 36%, respectively, with Grade 3–4 neuropathy occurring in up to 15% of patients. Bortezomib-induced PN (BiPN) is most commonly sensory and although less frequent, motor PN has been eported, including life-threatening motor neurotoxicity. Still less ommon is autonomic neuropathy, including cutaneous hyperemia, ostural hypotension, paralytic ileus, abdominal distention, and uriary retention. We herein present the first detailed report of a patient with MM who developed erectile dysfunction (ED) after bortezomib treatment. A 60-year-old man without significant past medical history was found during a routine dental workup to have prolonged bleeding, with laboratory tests revealing iron deficiency with mild anemia and a protein gap. Work-up revealed asymptomatic IgG MM. Though a fat pad aspiration was positive for amyloidosis, biopsies taken during esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy were Congo Red negative. Despite resolution of iron deficiency with iron
Mass transfer and temperature effects on substrate utilization in brewery granules

Liquid film and diffusional resistances of brewery granules during acetate, propionate, and ethanol utilization were investigated. Substrate utilization rate increased with decreased granule size. Effectiveness factors for acetate, propionate, and ethanol were calculated by comparing the maximum rates of substrate utilization of whole granules (1.8 to 3.0 mm) and fine flocs (20 to 75 μm) derived by disrupting whole granules. For acetate, propionate, and ethanol, maximum specific substrate utilization rates (km′ g/g VS · d) for the flocs, were 5.11, 6.25, and 5.49, respectively, and half-velocity coefficients (Kg′ mM) were 0.45, 0.40, and 3.37, respectively. Calculated effectiveness factors were 0.32, 0.41, and 0.75 for acetate, propionate, and ethanol, respectively. The effect of temperature on substrate utilization was examined at 26°C, 31°C, and 37°C using acetate as sole carbon source. Utilization rates increased with temperature. Flocs were most sensitive to temperature, and whole granules were least affected. The behavior of flocs was well described by the Van't Hoff–Arrhenius equation. Effectiveness factors for acetate utilization by the granules were 0.36, 0.35, and 0.32 at 26°C, 31°C, and 37°C, respectively, indicating little effect of temperature. Based on these results, we conclude that both liquid film and diffusional resistances influenced the rate of substrate utilization in a UASB reactor with granular sludge. Temperature effects were much less important than diffusional limitations within the granules. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Exploratory measurements of electrical potential differences between widely spaced points in the North Atlantic Ocean

Electrical potential measurements between various points in the North Atlantic Ocean are discussed, and possible implications concerning the semidiurnal tide and resistivity of the ocean bottom are described. Points of measurement include Halifax, New York, Bermuda, Turks Island, England, Azores, Cape Verde Islands.
Primary Cortical Folding in the Human Newborn: An Early Marker of Later Functional Development.

In the human brain, the morphology of cortical gyri and sulci is complex and variable among individuals, and it may reflect pathological functioning with specific abnormalities observed in certain developmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Since cortical folding occurs early during brain development, these structural abnormalities might be present long before the appearance of functional symptoms. So far, the precise mechanisms responsible for such alteration in the convolution pattern during intra-uterine or post-natal development are still poorly understood. Here we compared anatomical and functional brain development in vivo among 45 premature newborns who experienced different intra-uterine environments: 22 normal singletons, 12 twins and 11 newborns with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dedicated post-processing tools, we investigated early disturbances in cortical formation at birth, over the developmental period critical for the emergence of convolutions (26-36 weeks of gestational age), and defined early 'endophenotypes' of sulcal development. We demonstrated that twins have a delayed but harmonious maturation, with reduced surface and sulcation index compared to singletons, whereas the gyrification of IUGR newborns is discordant to the normal developmental trajectory, with a more pronounced reduction of surface in relation to the sulcation index compared to normal newborns. Furthermore, we showed that these structural measurements of the brain at birth are predictors of infants' outcome at term equivalent age, for MRI-based cerebral volumes and neurobehavioural development evaluated with the assessment of preterm infant's behaviour (APIB).
In vitro indices of tissue adherence in Staphylococcus intermedius

In vitro indices of adherence showed that strains of Staphylococcus intermedius from lesions of canine pyoderma differed from strains isolated from normal carrier sites in that a significantly greater proportion of pyoderma strains adhered to extracellular matrix proteins whilst fewer adhered to polystyrene. Slime production and a hydrophobicity index did not differ between the groups. This suggests that exposure of extracellular matrix proteins due to underlying disease may result in the selection of a narrower spectrum of strains from amongst those at carrier sites.