cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural Properties of Anisotropic PtCo(001) and PtFe(001) Thin Films on MgO(001)

We report structural properties of PtFe and PtCo intermetallic compounds with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and a preferred c-axis orientation perpendicular to the film plane, formed from initially epitaxial multilayers. These materials represent particular cases of a more general class of anisotropic magnetic compounds with the CuAu(I) natural superlattice structure. They possess high magneto-optic Kerr rotations and magnetizations, suggesting them as likely candidates for magneto-optic and perpendicular magnetic recording media.
Use of FRP composites in civil structural applications

Abstract Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites or advanced composite materials are very attractive for use in civil engineering applications due to their high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios, corrosion resistance, light weight and potentially high durability. Their application is of most importance in the renewal of constructed facilities infrastructure such as buildings, bridges, pipelines, etc. Recently, their use has increased in the rehabilitation of concrete structures, mainly due to their tailorable performance characteristics, ease of application and low life cycle costs. These characteristics and the success of structural rehabilitation measures have led to the development of new lightweight structural concepts utilizing all FRP systems or new FRP/concrete composite systems. This paper presents an overview of the research and development of applications of advanced composites to civil infrastructure renewal at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD).
Uptake and trafficking of fluorescent conjugates of folic acid in intact kidney determined using intravital two-photon microscopy

Intravital two-photon microscopy was used to follow the uptake and trafficking of fluorescent conjugates of folic acid in the rat kidney. Intravenously administered folate-linked dye molecules quickly filled the plasma volume but not cellular components of the blood. Glomerular filtration occurred immediately and binding to proximal tubule cells was seen within seconds. Fluorescence from a pH-insensitive conjugate of folic acid, folate Texas red (FTR), was readily observed on the apical surface of the proximal tubules and in multiple cellular compartments, but little binding or uptake could be detected in any other kidney cells. Fluorescence from a pH-sensitive conjugate of folic acid, folate fluorescein, was seen only on the apical surface of proximal tubule cells, suggesting that internalized folate conjugates are localized to acidic compartments. The majority of the FTR conjugate internalized by proximal tubules accumulated within a lysosomal pool, as determined by colocalization studies. However, portions of FTR were also shown by electron microscopy to undergo transcytosis from apical to basal domains. Additional studies with colchicine, which is known to depolymerize microtubules and interrupt transcytosis, produced a marked reduction in endocytosis of FTR, with accumulation limited to the subapical region of the cell. No evidence of cytosolic release of either folate conjugate was observed, which may represent a key difference from the cytosolic deposition seen in neoplastic cells. Together, these data support the argument that folate conjugates (and, by extrapolation, physiological folate) bind to the apical surface of proximal tubule cells and are transported into and across the cells in endocytic compartments.
P‐62: Evaluation of Gray‐to‐Gray Crosstalk for Time‐Sequential Stereoscopic Display

Crosstalk is an important factor in determining image quality of stereoscopic display. Traditional system crosstalk model, evaluated for both time-sequential and spatially stereoscopic displays, is not suitable for time-sequential 3D display. A modified gray-to-gray crosstalk model for time-sequential stereoscopic display is proposed and evaluated with comparing in this study, and it shows the new model is more close to the crosstalk in reality.
Aerosol reactor theory: Stability and dynamics of a continuous stirred tank aerosol reactor

The stability characteristics of an aerosol reactor in a continuous stirred tank configuration have been investigated theoretically. Three dimensionless parameters, the surface tension group ∑, reaction rate group R, and residence time group θc, suffice to determine the dynamic behavior of this system. The stability of the unique steady state was investigated using linear analysis. Numerical integration of the full nonlinear equations shows that the dynamic behavior was in accord with the predictions of the linear stability theory. The system exhibits limit-cycle behavior in the unstable part of the parameter space. In the unstable region, a simple linear relation was found between the period of the numerically computed solutions and the bifurcation parameter, θc. The results of this study are in qualitative agreement with the experimental results of Badger and Dryden (1939).
Improving web accessibility: a study of webmaster perceptions

Abstract Large percentages of web sites continue to be inaccessible to people with disabilities. Since tools and guidelines are available to help designers and webmasters in making their web sites accessible, it is unclear why so many sites continue to be inaccessible. In this paper, we present the “Web Accessibility Integration Model,” which highlights the multiple points within web development where accessibility can be incorporated or forgotten. It is uncertain why webmasters do not use the various tools and guidelines that currently are available for making web sites accessible. A survey was created, and data was collected from 175 webmasters, indicating their knowledge on the topic of web accessibility and the reasons for their actions related to web accessibility. Findings and future directions for research are discussed.
Using CNLS-net to predict the Mackey-Glass chaotic time series

The connectionist normalized local spline (CNLS) network is used to learn the dynamics of the Mackey-Glass (1977) time-delay differential equation, for the case tau =30. The authors show the optimum network operating mode and determine the accuracy and robustness of predictions. They obtain predictions of varying accuracy using some 2-120 minutes of execution time on a Sun SPRAC-1 workstation. CNLS-net is capable of very good performance in predicting the Mackey-Glass time series. >
Theory and Computation of Non-RRKM Lifetime Distributions and Rates in Chemical Systems with Three or More Degrees of Freedom

The computation, starting from basic principles, of chemical reaction rates in realistic systems (with three or more degrees of freedom) has been a longstanding goal of the chemistry community. Our current work, which merges tube dynamics with Monte Carlo methods provides some key theoretical and computational tools for achieving this goal. We use basic tools of dynamical systems theory, merging the ideas of Koon et al. [W.S. Koon, M.W. Lo, J.E. Marsden, S.D. Ross, Heteroclinic connections between periodic orbits and resonance transitions in celestial mechanics, Chaos 10 (2000) 427–469.] and De Leon et al. [N. De Leon, M.A. Mehta, R.Q. Topper, Cylindrical manifolds in phase space as mediators of chemical reaction dynamics and kinetics. I. Theory, J. Chem. Phys. 94 (1991) 8310–8328.], particularly the use of invariant manifold tubes that mediate the reaction, into a tool for the computation of lifetime distributions and rates of chemical reactions and scattering phenomena, even in systems that exhibit non-statistical behavior. Previously, the main problem with the application of tube dynamics has been with the computation of volumes in phase spaces of high dimension. The present work provides a starting point for overcoming this hurdle with some new ideas and implements them numerically. Specifically, an algorithm that uses tube dynamics to provide the initial bounding box for a Monte Carlo volume determination is used. The combination of a fine scale method for determining the phase space structure (invariant manifold theory) with statistical methods for volume computations (Monte Carlo) is the main contribution of this paper. The methodology is applied here to a three degree of freedom model problem and may be useful for higher degree of freedom systems as well.
Non-invasive measurement of Valsalva-induced hemodynamic changes on a bathroom scale Ballistocardiograph

Unobtrusive and compact methods for monitoring time varying hemodynamic trends can allow physicians to monitor heart failure of outpatients at home. In this paper, the ballistocardiogram (BCG), measured on a modified commercial bathroom scale, is proposed as a viable option for this important need. The BCG measures the reaction force of the body to cardiac ejection of blood and is a non-invasive tool for evaluating cardiovascular function. The Valsalva maneuver was used to modulate the hemodynamics in a well documented manner, and BCG signals were acquired from 15 subjects. The electrocardiogram (ECG) was simultaneously obtained to measure the electrical to mechanical delay in ventricular contraction: the interval from the ECG R-wave peak to the BCG J-wave peak. This interval, called the RJ interval, decreased for all subjects following the release of intrathoracic strain compared to the resting value, suggesting that it is inversely correlated to cardiac contractility. The power spectrum magnitude of the BCGs showed that the high frequency content increased after release, also consistent with increased contractility (faster ejection). Additionally, J-wave amplitudes increased following release, suggesting that it is correlated to stroke volume. Since RJ interval computation required the ECG, BCG J-wave rise time was proposed as an alternative for evaluating cardiac contractility. The correlation between this rise time and RJ interval was high (R2 = 0.78).
Viral Adaptation to an Antiviral Protein Enhances the Fitness Level to Above That of the Uninhibited Wild Type

Viruses often evolve resistance to antiviral agents. While resistant strains are able to replicate in the presence of the agent, they generally exhibit lower fitness than the wild-type strain in the absence of the inhibitor. In some cases, resistant strains become dependent on the antiviral agent. However, the agent rarely, if ever, elevates dependent strain fitness above the uninhibited wild-type level. This would require an adaptive mechanism to convert the antiviral agent into a beneficial growth factor. Using an inhibitory scaffolding protein that specifically blocks φX174 capsid assembly, we demonstrate that such mechanisms are possible. To obtain the quintuple-mutant resistant strain, the wild-type virus was propagated for approximately 150 viral life cycles in the presence of increasing concentrations of the inhibitory protein. The expression of the inhibitory protein elevated the strain's fitness significantly above the uninhibited wild-type level. Thus, selecting for resistance coselected for dependency, which was characterized and found to operate on the level of capsid nucleation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a virus evolving a mechanism to productively utilize an antiviral agent to stimulate its fitness above the uninhibited wild-type level. The results of this study may be predictive of the types of resistant phenotypes that could be selected by antiviral agents that specifically target capsid assembly.
Relationship between anisometropia, patient age, and the development of amblyopia.

Purpose Previous studies evaluating the effect of anisometropia on amblyopia development have been biased because subject selection occurred as a result of decreased acuity. Photoscreening identifies anisometropic children in a manner that is not biased by acuity, and allows an opportunity to evaluate how patient age influences the prevalence and depth of amblyopia. Design Retrospective observational study of preschool children with anisometropia. Methods A statewide preschool photoscreening program screened 119,311 children and identified 792 with anisometropia >1.0 diopters. We correlated age with visual acuity and amblyopia depth. Results were compared with 562 strabismic children similarly identified. Results Only 14% (six of 44) of anisometropic children aged 1 year or younger had amblyopia. Amblyopia was detected in 40% (32 of 80) of 2-year-olds, 65% (119 of 182) of 3-year-olds, and 76% of 5-year-olds. Amblyopia depth also increased with age. Moderate amblyopia prevalence was 2% (ages 0 to 1), 17% (age 2), and rose steadily to 45% (ages 6 to 7). Severe amblyopia was rare for children aged 0 to 3, 9% at age 4, and 14% at age 5. Children with strabismus had a relatively stable prevalence (30% ages 0 to 2; 42% ages 3 to 4; and 44% ages 5 to 7) and depth of amblyopia. Conclusions Younger children with anisometropia have a lower prevalence and depth of amblyopia than older children. By age 3, when most children undergo traditional screening, amblyopia has usually already developed. New vision screening technologies that allow early detection of anisometropia provide ophthalmologists an opportunity to intervene early, perhaps retarding or even preventing the development of amblyopia.
Looking the Part: Television Leads Less Informed Citizens to Vote Based on Candidates’ Appearance

As long as there has been democratic government, skeptics have worried that citizens would base their choices and their votes on superficial considerations. A series of recent studies seems to validate these fears, suggesting that candidates who merely look more capable or attractive perform better in elections. In this article, we examine the underlying process behind the appearance effect. Specifically, we test whether the effect of appearance is more pronounced among those who know little about politics but are exposed to visual images of candidates. To do so, we combine appearance-based assessments of U.S. Senate and gubernatorial candidates with individual-level survey data measuring vote intent, political knowledge, and television exposure. Confirming long-standing concerns about image and television, we find that appealing-looking politicians benefit disproportionately from television exposure, primarily among less knowledgeable individuals.
The structure of achievement and behavior across middle childhood

This research used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) to describe and model developmental trajectories across middle childhood. Our sample consisted of approximately 1,000 children of NLSY women who were aged 6 to 7 years in either 1986 or 1988. Assessments of PIAT math and reading scores and the mother-reported Behavior Problem Index in 1986, 1988, 1990, and 1992 provided data for middle-child trajectories of children aged 6 to 7 in 1986. Assessments in 1988, 1990, 1992, and 1994 provided data for children aged 6 to 7 in 1988. We used the raw score form of these data to estimate LISREL-based models of their autoregressive structure. As with other samples, average math and reading achievement trajectories were parabolic for NLSY children, with scores increasing at a decreasing rate over this period. Average behavior-problem trajectories were flat. Behind these average shapes was extreme diversity in level (and in some cases, slopes), of individual trajectories and a pronounced tendency for above average changes between two adjacent assessments to be followed by opposite-signed changes in the subsequent period. Estimates from our structural models showed great heterogeneity in the average level of achievement and behavior for all three outcomes and heterogeneous slopes for reading scores as well. Boys but not girls were found to have heterogeneous slopes for math and behavior problems, whereas girls but not boys showed a significantly higher degree of persistence if “shocked” off of their expected trajectories.
Using NMR Metabolomics to Investigate Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle-dependent Signal Transduction in Staphylococcus epidermidis

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a skin-resident bacterium and a major cause of biomaterial-associated infections. The transition from residing on the skin to residing on an implanted biomaterial is accompanied by regulatory changes that facilitate bacterial survival in the new environment. These regulatory changes are dependent upon the ability of bacteria to "sense" environmental changes. In S. epidermidis, disparate environmental signals can affect synthesis of the biofilm matrix polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA). Previously, we demonstrated that PIA biosynthesis is regulated by tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity. The observations that very different environmental signals result in a common phenotype (i.e. increased PIA synthesis) and that TCA cycle activity regulates PIA biosynthesis led us to hypothesize that S. epidermidis is "sensing" disparate environmental signals through the modulation of TCA cycle activity. In this study, we used NMR metabolomics to demonstrate that divergent environmental signals are transduced into common metabolomic changes that are "sensed" by metabolite-responsive regulators, such as CcpA, to affect PIA biosynthesis. These data clarify one mechanism by which very different environmental signals cause common phenotypic changes. In addition, due to the frequency of the TCA cycle in diverse genera of bacteria and the intrinsic properties of TCA cycle enzymes, it is likely the TCA cycle acts as a signal transduction pathway in many bacteria.
The price paid: Manipulation of otolaryngologists by the tobacco industry to obfuscate the emerging truth that smoking causes cancer

Objectives/Hypothesis: Our objectives were to explore the multifaceted campaign by the tobacco industry to enlist otolaryngologists in support of their efforts to reassure consumers that cigarettes were safe, and to elucidate the incentives that led so many leading otolaryngologists to give testimony denying a causal linkage between tobacco use and head and neck cancer. Study Design: Historical analyses. Methods: Recent litigation has exposed for public viewing a huge trove of internal tobacco industry documents. These documents include correspondence files, internal memoranda, research solicitations, grant agreements, records of payments, marketing plans, and testimony by otolaryngologists on behalf of tobacco interests in court proceedings, before congressional committees, and at U.S. Federal Trade Commission hearings. Results: Evidence shows that marketing divisions of major tobacco companies systematically sought to use the authority and prestige of otolaryngologists to support their promotional efforts. Industry documents reveal widespread collaboration by leaders in the field through conducting research and giving well-compensated testimony favorable to tobacco interests. Invariably, industry-funded research showed tobacco in a favorable light. The industry also sought to influence otolaryngologists with free cigarettes, elegant dinners, and hospitality booths at conventions. Conclusions: In revealing this unfortunate period in our history, we by no means intend to diminish the memory of distinguished leaders whose tobacco involvements were certainly more acceptable by the standards of their own time. Rather, by exposing the pervasive tobacco industry manipulation of scientific research for commercial purposes we seek to encourage vigilance by contemporary researchers who might consider seeking funding from an industry that places the pursuit of profits above the well-being of its customers.Laryngoscope, 122:75–87, 2012
Transcription factor and microRNA interactions in lung cells: an inhibitory link between NK2 homeobox 1, miR-200c and the developmental and oncogenic factors Nfib and Myb

The transcription factor NK2 homeobox 1 (Nkx2-1) plays essential roles in epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation in mouse and human lung development and tumorigenesis. A better understanding of genes and pathways downstream of Nkx2-1 will clarify the multiple roles of this critical lung factor. Nkx2-1 regulates directly or indirectly numerous protein-coding genes; however, there is a paucity of information about Nkx2-1-regulated microRNAs (miRNAs). By miRNA array analyses of mouse epithelial cell lines in which endogenous Nkx2-1 was knocked-down, we revealed that 29 miRNAs were negatively regulated including miR-200c, and 39 miRNAs were positively regulated by Nkx2-1 including miR-1195. Mouse lungs lacking functional phosphorylated Nkx2-1 showed increased expression of miR-200c and alterations in the expression of other top regulated miRNAs. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed binding of NKX2-1 protein to regulatory regions of these miRNAs. Promoter reporter assays indicated that 1kb of the miR-200c 5′ flanking region was transcriptionally active but did not mediate Nkx2-1- repression of miR-200c expression. 3′UTR reporter assays support a direct regulation of the predicted targets Nfib and Myb by miR-200c. These studies suggest that Nkx2-1 controls the expression of specific miRNAs in lung epithelial cells. In particular, we identified a regulatory link between Nkx2-1, the known tumor suppressor miR-200c, and the developmental and oncogenic transcription factors Nfib and Myb, adding new players to the regulatory mechanisms driven by Nkx2-1 in lung epithelial cells that may have implications in lung development and tumorigenesis.
Mobile point controls versus the locally distributed ones for the controllability of the semilinear parabolic equation

It is well known that a rather general semilinear parabolic equation with globally Lipschitz nonlinear term is both approximately and exactly null-controllable in L/sup 2/ (/spl Omega/), when governed in a bounded domain by locally distributed controls. We show that, in fact, in one space dimension the very same results can be achieved by employing at most two mobile point controls with support on the curves properly selected within an arbitrary subdomain of Q/sub T/ = (0,1) /spl times/ (0,T). We show that such curves can be described by certain differential inequalities and provide explicit examples.
A New Eulechriops from Arizona and México (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae) with Distributional Notes for Other Species in the Genus

Abstract Eulechriops hovorei, new species, is described from Arizona and Guerrero, Mexico and named in honor of the late Frank Hovore. Eulechriops leucospilus Champion is reported for the first time from Mexico and E. elongatus Champion for the first time from California.
Do Bond Markets Reward Transparency

This paper studies whether transparency (measured by accuracy and frequency of macroeconomic information released to the public) leads to lower borrowing costs in sovereign bond markets. We analyze the data generated during the 1999-2002 period, when the IMF instituted three new ways for countries to increase their transparency. The procedure governing the actual implementation of the reforms enables us to control for endogeneity bias. We find that countries experience a substantial decline in borrowing costs when they choose to become more transparent. The magnitude of the decline is inversely related to the initial level of transparency and the size of the debt market. Finally, we use evidence from high-frequency data to corroborate the finding that the reforms indeed led to better-informed markets.
The Politics of Congressional Earmarking

Earmarking represents a particularly salient form of distributive politics in Congress. Drawing on the literature on distributive politics, we develop an argument that implies that party leaders will allocate earmarks to advance the electoral goals of the party. We test our expectations using a unique dataset that comprehensively matches legislative earmarks with their individual sponsors for the 110th Congress. The data provide clear support for the argument. Members of the majority party do considerably better than members of the minority party. Moreover, within parties, the distribution of earmarks favors electorally vulnerable members and those holding agenda-setting positions.
Alternatives to Lean Production: Work Organization in the Swedish Auto Industry

(1993). Alternatives to Lean Production: Work Organization in the Swedish Auto Industry. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 1293-1297.
Effect of cortisone on experimental histoplasmosis in mice.

'• r phe administration of these hormones results in the subsidence of fever and a reduction of the white blood cell count and, in the tissues, a sig­ nificant decrease of the purulent reaction. The causative microorganisms, how­ ever, persist in undiminished number. This is rather uniformly predictable. In diseases of less acute nature on the other hand, in which the inflammatory reaction is more indolent, the influence of these hormones is much less predict­ able. Kass, Geiman and Finland 8 stated that the effect of ACTH and cortisone which may increase susceptibility to infection are the inhibition of inflammation, which is accomplished by inhibition of phagocytosis, decrease in capillary permeability and fibrogenesis, inhibition of the formation of antibodies, nega­ tive nitrogen balance, and inhibition of reticuloendothelial cell activity. One group found no direct effect of cortisone on the ability of macrophages to ingest bacteria or colloidal gold in mice. 6 Experimental animals have been known to be either protected or made more vulnerable to tuberculosis. In one instance, steroid-treated mice of a strain resistant to tubercle bacilli developed progressive coalescent lung disease, whereas untreated controls showed only well-circumscribed tubercles. 7 On the other hand, rabbits sensitive to tubercle bacilli exhibited resistance to inocula­ tion when treated with cortisone, whereas control animals developed the usual progressive disease. 13 In guinea pigs, active progression of tuberculosis occurred in one steroid-treated group, 17
Influence of tetrazolium salts on human pseudocholinesterase.

SummaryNeurotoxic effects of tetrazolium salts may be due to interference with enzyme systems in nerve tissue. Six tetrazolium salts were found to inhibit pseudocholinesterase, with the ditetrazoliums generally exhibiting more marked inhibitory activity than the monotetrazoliums. This may be related to the greater number of tertiary amine groups in the ditetrazoliums.
Control of Schottky Barriers in Single Layer MoS2 Transistors with Ferromagnetic Contacts

MoS2 and related metal dichalcogenides (MoSe2, WS2, WSe2) are layered two-dimensional materials that are promising for nanoelectronics and spintronics. For instance, large spin–orbit coupling and spin splitting in the valence band of single layer (SL) MoS2 could lead to enhanced spin lifetimes and large spin Hall angles. Understanding the nature of the contacts is a critical first step for realizing spin injection and spin transport in MoS2. Here, we have investigated Co contacts to SL MoS2 and find that the Schottky barrier height can be significantly decreased with the addition of a thin oxide barrier (MgO). Further, we show that the barrier height can be reduced to zero by tuning the carrier density with back gate. Therefore, the MgO could simultaneously provide a tunnel barrier to alleviate conductance mismatch while minimizing carrier depletion near the contacts. Such control over the barrier height should allow for careful engineering of the contacts to realize spin injection in these materials.
Corrections for polarization distortion in reflected shear-waves and possible extensions to the Alford Rotation at non-normal incidence angles and applications

Summary Onshore resource shale production (gas and liquids) is growing rapidly and may necessitate the use of seismic shear wave data for full characterization of shale reservoir properties prior to drilling and completion. This includes descriptions of anisotropy for characterization of fractures (HTI) as well as the internal nature of the shales (VTI and Vp/Vs). The objective of this study is two parts. The first is to document the distortion in polarization of seismic shear waves upon reflection. Second we address a correction, based on an understanding of shear amplitude versus incidence angle behavior that corrects for the distortion at offset angles. This includes demonstration of the efficacy of the proposed correction by applying it to 9C shear source data from the Black-Bear field in Oklahoma. This correction should result in a minimized distorted amplitude response that arises from polarization distortion upon reflection. The polarization distortion correction may potentially be used in an extension to the Alford’s rotation at non-normal incidence angles. Hence, expanding applications to 3D data with distorted amplitudes that may be corrected to identify HTI anisotropy not observed in polarization distortion
Systems architecture complexity in definition of human spaceflight simulators, analogs and human spaceflight design process dependent on mission goals and strategy

Most human spaceflight simulators provide only partial components simulations mostly related to science field or flight operations that stands behind the simulation requirements. This thought experiment/research addresses disconnection of simulation facilities and actual simulation needs in regards to holistic mission environment simulation and design goals definition as required by interdisciplinary field of architecture.
Section 4. The Mantle Zoo

The early Nd and Hf isotope data correlated well with 87Sr/86Sr and appeared to terminate at eNd = 0 and eHf = 0, forming the mantle array in [Figure 3.1][1]. This seemed consistent with the idea that the mantle sources of oceanic basalts were mixtures of two components: a depleted reservoir (MORB
A journey from the classroom to the world of educational reform: a study of three Korean teachers’ practitioner inquiry

AbstractThis article explores three Korean teachers’ experiences of carrying out practitioner inquiry as a means of providing meaningful teaching under the test-centred schooling regime in Korea. Practitioner inquiry is a concept that includes multiple genres of educational research such as action research, teacher research, and self-study that aim to change practitioners’ individual practice and, ultimately, the schooling in a society. Based on the analysis of qualitative data, the researcher found that teachers developed their knowledge and expertise in their specific areas of interest and developed strong motivations for transforming the education system. However, their inquiry was limited in practice due to the imposition of test preparation and a prescribed national curriculum. As a result, greater collaboration among practitioners, which not just involves teachers, but wider entities such as administrators, policy makers, and researchers, is required to challenge the current unjust system.
RESEARCH ON THE CHANGE LAWS OF THE OIL-POOL PHYSICAL PROPERTY IN THE PROCESS OF THE WATER FLOODING IN THE OILFIELD

The water flooding in the oilfield can cause the change of not only reservoir fluid saturation, but also reservoir temperature and pressure. These variations pose the different influences on the seismic velocity, and can be reflected on the time-lapse seismic profile. For analyzing and discussing the alone or integrated variety laws that temperature, pressure and saturation of water function cause, this paper makes full use of the Biot-Gassmann equation, and combine the other experiential formulas to get the volume modulus of fluid and the elastic modulus of rock. Through the study of the variety law of the velocity of sandstone strata of Bohai oilfield, its results will help us to acknowledge the time-lapse seismic monitoring technique, and improve the ability of recognizing the oil-pool's change of the time-lapse monitoring in the area.
Scrotal kidney and ureter: An unusual hernia

Abstract The first case of a kidney in a scrotal hernia is reported. Scrotal hernias and upper urinary tract herniations are discussed.
CLINICAL AND PHYSIOLOGIC ASPECTS OF HYPOGLYCEMIA.

A classification of hypoglycemia is presented which is based on the relationship to ingestion of food. It serves as a background for consideration of differential diagnosis of the many and diverse pathologic processes that may be attended by abnormally low blood glucose values. Laboratory procedures that are useful in establishing the underlying cause are discussed, including the tolbutamide and leucine tests, and recommendations for therapy are given.
Aldosterone and the Renin-Angiotensin System

Measurement of the components of the mineralocorticoid hormone pathway to aldosterone and of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has now been coupled with the ability to measure an effective competitive antagonist of angiotensin II, a converting enzyme inhibitor, and smaller but active fragments of angiotensin II. This combination has permitted further in-depth probes of the system. The aldosterone-renin-angiotensin system (A-RAS) not only is a major effector of pathological disorders, but also can be the marker of events or substances that are more proximate causes of a specific disorder. The effectiveness of inquiries into the A-RAS as a regulator of blood pressure, electrolyte metabolism, and regulation of aldosterone secretion is examined herein.
Recovery of spectral information from an imperfect detector using the expectation maximization algorithm

A gamma-ray detector can be modeled as a linear system which maps a photon flux with a given energy distribution to a pulse-height spectrum. In a perfect detector, the response to a monoenergetic beam would be a delta function. In any real detector, carrier trapping, escape of K x-rays, Compton scattering, and instrument noise will produce a broadened response function. We develop a model of the response function of a ZnCdTe detector and use it to recover the incident energy spectrum from a measured pulse height spectrum using the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. This technique can be applied to any type of nuclear detector, using any combination of modeled and measured response functions. An analysis of the noise cost incurred in the reconstruction algorithm shows that the technique can be used to advantage even with relatively few counts in the measured spectrum. >
Impact of a PEC cylinder on the perfomance of a wideband dual-polarized quad-ridge horn antenna

Effects of a perfect electrically conducting (PEC) cylinder on the performance of a dual-polarized wide band antenna in K/Ka-band are presented. The impact was analyzed by comparing antennas in an infinite ground plane, flush mounted with the cylinder's surface and slightly recessed within the cylinder. Results show that recessing the antenna in a cylinder causes boresight gain ripples of ±1 dB with side lobe levels in the E-plane increased up to −10 dB for both polarizations. On the other hand, by flush-mounting antenna with a cylinder, the ripples are reduced and patterns are much less affected for the radial polarization.
Motor adaptation in response to scaling and diminished feedback in virtual reality

As interaction techniques involving scaling of motor space in virtual reality are becoming more prevalent, it is important to understand how individuals adapt to such scalings and how they re-adapt back to non-scaled norms. This preliminary work examines how individuals, performing a targeted ball throwing task, adapted to addition and removal of a translational scaling of the ball's forward flight. This was examined under various conditions: flight of the ball shown with no delay, hidden flight of the ball with no delay, and hidden flight with a 2 second delay. Hiding the ball's flight, as well as the delay, created disruptions in the ability of the participants to perform the task and adapt to new scaling conditions.
Abstract PR10: ScreenBEAM: a Novel Meta-Analysis Algorithm for Functional Genomics Screens via Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling

Motivation: Functional genomics (FG) screens, using RNAi or CRISPR technology, have become a standard tool for systematic, genome-wide loss-of-function studies for therapeutic target discovery. As in many large-scale assays, however, off-target effects, variable reagents9 potency, and experimental noise must be accounted for appropriately control for false positives. Indeed, rigorous statistical analysis of high-throughput FG screening data remains challenging, particularly when integrative analyses are used to combine multiple sh/sgRNAs targeting the same gene in the library. Method: We use large RNAi and CRISPR repositories that are publicly available to evaluate a novel meta-analysis approach for FG screens via Bayesian hierarchical modeling, ScreenBEAM (Screening Bayesian Evaluation and Analysis Method). Results: Results from our analysis show that the proposed strategy, which seamlessly combines all available data, robustly outperforms classical algorithms developed for microarray data sets as well as recent approaches designed for next generation sequencing technologies (NGS). Remarkably, the ScreenBEAM algorithm works well even when the quality of FG screens is relatively low, which accounts for about 80-95% of the public datasets. Availability: R package and source code are available at: https://github.com/jyyu/ScreenBEAM. Citation Format: Jiyang Yu, Jose M. Silva, Andrea Califano. ScreenBEAM: a Novel Meta-Analysis Algorithm for Functional Genomics Screens via Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Opportunities and Challenges of Exploiting Synthetic Lethality in Cancer; Jan 4-7, 2017; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2017;16(10 Suppl):Abstract nr PR10.
Sequential kinetic parameter estimation of anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactor using an optimization technique

Mathematical model parameters for the methanogenic degradation of propylene glycol were estimated in a sequential manner by means of an optimization technique. Model parameters determined from an initial experimental data set using one bioreactor were then verified with the results from a second bioreactor. The proposed methodology is a useful tool to obtain model parameters for continuous flow reactors with completely mixed regime.
Detecting adversaries in distributed estimation

This paper studies distributed parameter estimation in the presence of adversarial agents. We consider the Flag Raising Distributed Estimation (FRDE) algorithm, a consen-sus+innovations distributed algorithm for the non-compromised agents to simultaneously perform parameter estimation and detect the presence of adversaries. So long as the non-compromised agents form a connected network and are globally observable, then, we can show that the FRDE algorithm either leads the non-compromised agents to correctly estimate the parameter or detect the adversarial activity preventing correct estimation. We demonstrate the performance of the FRDE algorithm through numerical examples.
Applications of NMR in Biochemistry and Biosynthesis

A splendid illustration of the use of 500 MHz 1H NMR is provided by the water suppressed time course of porphyrin biosynthesis where porphobilinogen (PBG), the substrate for uro’gens I and III and Vitamin B12 is transformed into the apparent product uro’gen I which turns out to be a chemical artifact. Thus, during incubation of PBG with the enzyme, PBG deaminase ([D]; Fig. 1; Mr 33,000) the product released from the enzyme is pre-uro’gen, or hydroxymethyl bilane (HMB), whose characteristic spectrum (Fig. 1) (t1/2 = 180 sec/30°C) can be seen transiently when the reaction is carried out at 4°C [12a,b]. The NMR method also uniquely defines HMB as the substrate for the second enzyme, uro’gen III cosynthetase. In the absence of the latter enzyme, the cyclization of the head-to-tail tetrapyrrole HMB takes place spontaneously. The deep-seated intra-molecular rearrangement of HMB to uro’gen III can now be studied by this technique.
Whither the State Hospital

The cost-benefit issues in mental health are becoming increasingly important. Now that making health services available to all citizens through health insurance has become a domestic priority, inclusion of mental health services in the coverage is almost a certainty. This will create both new demands for mental health services as well as demands for evaluation of the benefits provided.
Linear Differential Equations: Existence and Uniqueness Theorems

In this section, we prove the fundamental existyence and uniqueness theorems for first-order linear ordinary differential equation. The existence proof presented here is contructive; although it does not generalized readily to nonlinear differential equations, it has its advantages over more abstract approaches to the existence theorem.(See, for example, [Vidyasagar], or any other book which uses the Contraction Mapping Theorem to prove existence.)
A preliminary investigation of the lifetime prevalence of anorexia and bulimia nervosa in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder.

Background Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is currently classified as an anxiety disorder although it possesses many characteristics that distinguish it from other anxiety disorders. Clinically and neurobiologically, OCD appears to overlap somewhat with the eating disorders. Method To assess in a controlled fashion the lifetime prevalence of the eating disorders in patients with OCD, we administered portions of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, Patient Version (SCID-P), to 62 patients (31 men, 31 women) with a primary DSM-III-R diagnosis of OCD. Results Among the OCD patients, the lifetime prevalence of anorexia nervosa and/or bulimia nervosa was 12.9% (N = 8), and an additional 17.7% (N = 11) met subthreshold criteria for either anorexia or bulimia nervosa. Interestingly, unlike multiple epidemiologic studies that have reported a substantial female preponderance among patients diagnosed with anorexia or bulimia nervosa, there was no significant gender difference in the lifetime prevalence of eating disorders among the patients with OCD. Almost 13% (N = 4) of the men and 6.5% (N = 2) of the women with OCD met criteria for a lifetime diagnosis of anorexia nervosa and 3.2% (N = 1) of the men and 6.5% (N = 2) of the women with OCD met criteria at some time in their lives for bulimia nervosa. In addition, subthreshold criteria for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa were met by an additional 12.9% (N = 4) of the men and 22.6% (N = 7) of the women. Conclusion These data suggest that OCD patients, regardless of gender, have a substantial lifetime prevalence of anorexia and/or bulimia nervosa.
Message coverage maximization in infrastructure-based urban vehicular networks

Abstract The success of vehicular networks is highly dependent on the coverage of messages, which refers to the trajectory of messages over time. Many of the existing works primarily performed in 1-D environments (i.e., straight highways) and/or merely focused on vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications to enhance the coverage in a given road network. Consequently, there still lacks a clear comprehension of using road infrastructures (e.g., roadside units), to improve the message coverage in 2-D environments (i.e., urban areas). In this paper, we study the problem of optimal utilization of roadside units in 2-D environments. Specifically, we develop a message coverage maximization algorithm (MCMA) that carefully deploys the roadside units to achieve the maximum message coverage. Considering that the vehicle density is heterogeneous across the road networks, we study the message coverage for V2V networks by deriving analytical lower bounds of message dissemination distance for areas with different vehicle densities. The MCMA then utilizes the derived lower bounds to estimate the minimum spacing allowed between neighbor roadside units based on the prevailing traffic stream and delay constraint of applications. In addition, we propose a disseminator selection algorithm for infrastructure-based urban vehicular networks to further improve the message coverage. By selecting desired types of applications (i.e., safety and non-safety), we obtain two different roadside unit deployment sets from MCMA for the evaluation purpose. Extensive simulation studies show that MCMA outperforms the alternative algorithms in terms of the message coverage and message dissemination speed. The results also demonstrate that MCMA improves traffic efficiency in a post-crash scenario.
2015 Jack Kenney Award for Outstanding Service

On April 30, 2010, Jack Kenney retired from the ASM Journals Department after 25 years of service. He served as the production editor for the Journal of Bacteriology for the last 13 of those years. I worked with Jack for almost 10 years. He was an especially gifted production editor; he solved
Low Gilbert damping and linewidth in magnetostrictive FeGa thin films

Abstract Fabrication of voltage tunable high-frequency devices using magnetostrictive ferromagnet-piezoelectric hybrid structures requires materials with low damping and narrow linewidth to achieve low microwave loss. Galfenol exhibits superior magnetostriction, stability over a wide range of temperatures, and is free of rare earth elements, making it an economical and promising candidate, if the microwave losses can be minimized. We report the fabrication, structural and magnetic characterization, and study of dynamic properties of epitaxial FeGa thin films exhibiting an ultra-low residual linewidth, Δ H 0 = 13 ± 1 Oe – a requirement for low microwave loss and effective damping parameter, α eff , as low as 0.0065 - 0.0001 + 0.0005 for the 16 nm thick film. Similarly, we found α eff = 0.0039 - 0.0007 + 0.0028 and Δ H 0 = 71 ± 1 Oe for the 24 nm thick film, demonstrating its potential for applications in magnetic memory and high frequency devices.
Site Fidelity of Oyster Reef Blennies and Gobies in Saltmarsh Tidal Creeks

Blennies and gobies are among the most abundant fishes in western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico estuaries. They establish nests and maintain territories in oyster reefs and around other shallow-water structures during warm months. In this study, site fidelity and movements were determined for adult striped blenny, naked goby, freckled blenny, crested blenny, and feather blenny, in descending order of abundance. Recaptures among 221 tagged fishes at nine intertidal oyster reefs in a southeastern U.S. saltmarsh estuary provided information about fidelity for individual oyster reefs and nest sites as well as the size of territories (areas used) around nest sites. An overall recapture rate of 94% for fishes on reefs where they were tagged indicated high fidelity. Total recapture rates for the four blenny species ranged from 38 to 50%, but the naked goby recapture rate was only 9%. Within a breeding season, fidelity for specific nest sites was 58% for all blennies and 17% for gobies. Movements away from nest sites were limited with 56% of all fishes re-occurring ≤ 1 m from the original tagging site. Territories of 84% of the recaptured fishes. Differences in species composition and abundance between reefs suggested species-specific preferences for habitat features. Crested blenny and freckled blenny were recaptured at nest sites with significantly more oyster cover than nest sites occupied by striped blenny. Blennies occupied nest sites for several months and across annual breeding seasons suggesting continued residency within small areas of individual oyster reefs throughout their lives. Strong fidelity for reefs and nest sites potentially makes blennies more susceptible to disturbances than gobies, but both may be vulnerable to habitat disturbance at scales < 5 m. Thus, blennies and gobies may be useful indicator species for changes within estuarine habitats and ecosystems.