cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transfemoral endovascular repair of iliac artery aneurysms

Abstract Purpose : This report evaluates the application of transfemoral endovascular repair of iliac artery aneurysms. Patients and methods : Over a 20-month period, 11 patients with serious comorbid illnesses and a total of 14 iliac artery aneurysms were treated with endovascular grafts composed of polytetra-fluoroethylene conduits combined with balloon expandable iliac artery stents (Palmaz). Nine right common, 3 left common, and 2 right internal iliac artery aneurysms were treated. The patients were men between 58 and 89 years of age (mean 72). Eight patients had isolated aneurysms and 3 had multiple iliac artery aneurysms. Results : Endovascular iliac grafts were successfully placed in all 11 patients. No procedural deaths occurred. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 21 months (mean 11). No acute or late graft thromboses occurred. Conclusions : Transluminally placed endovascular stented grafts can be used to successfully exclude iliac artery aneurysms from the circulation while maintaining lower-extremity arterial perfusion. However, longer follow-up in more patients is necessary to confirm the durability of this technique.
Synthesis of multivalent β-lactosyl clusters as potential tumor metastasis inhibitors

Abstract A β-lactosyl residue was linked to the amino groups of l- lysyl- l -lysine through spacer arms of three different lengths (C 2 , C 4 , and C 9 ) to give trivalent β-lactosyl clusters in order to increase the inhibitory activity of the β-lactosyl group against tumor cell colonization. Thus, O -(2,3,4,6-tetra- O -acetyl-β- d -galactopyranosyl)-(1 → - 4)-2,3,6,-tri- O -acetyl-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate was treated with methyl or benzyl hydroxyethanoate, methyl or benzyl 4-hydroxybutanoate, and methyl 9-hydroxynonanoate, respectively, in the presence of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate to give the corresponding β-lactosides. These were coupled to l -lysyl- l -lysine, after conversion to the N -hydroxysuccinimide esters, to yield the corresponding trivalent β-lactosyl- l -lysyl- l -lysine conjugates in good yields. The β-lactosyl group with a C 4 spacer arm was also coupled similarly to poly( l -lysine) ( M r 3800) to form a polyvalent β-lactosyl cluster. Coinjection of the trivalent (with C 2 and C 4 spacer arms) and polyvalent β-lactosyl clusters with the highly metastatic B16 murine melanoma cells inhibited the formation of lung colonies in C57/BL mice, whereas the trivalent cluster with a C 9 spacer arm displayed no activity.
Synthesis and evaluation of phosphorodithioate-based hydrogen sulfide donors

A series of O-aryl- and alkyl-substituted phosphorodithioates were designed and synthesized as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donors. H2S releasing capability of these compounds was evaluated using fluorescence methods. O-aryl substituted donors showed slow and sustained H2S release while O-alkylated compounds showed very weak H2S releasing capability. We also evaluated donors' protective effects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage in myocytes and donors' toxicity toward B16BL6 mouse melanoma cells.
The Transformation of Ms. Corazón: Creating Humanizing Spaces for Mexican Immigrant Students in Secondary ESL Classrooms

This article explores the journey of one English as a Second Language (ESL) teacher who held rigid boundaries that negatively impacted the academic resiliency of her Mexican immigrant students. As she transformed her pedagogical orientation, she created permeability in her curricular practices. With the elements of respeto (respect), confianza (mutual trust), consejos (verbal teachings), and buen ejemplo (exemplary role model) firmly built as the foundation for learning English, the immigrant students were more invested in classroom events.
Effect of fibronectin amount and conformation on the strength of endothelial cell adhesion to HEMA/EMA copolymers

The effect of substrate surface hydrophobicity on fibronectin (Fn) adsorption and endothelial cell adhesion strength was studied. Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) were plated for 2 h with and without preadsorbed Fn on slides coated with homopolymers and copolymers of hydrophilic polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate (polyHEMA) and hydrophobic polyethylmethacrylate (polyEMA). The polarity of the substrate was determined by Wilhelmy plate contact angle. The amount of adsorbed Fn was determined using 125I-labeled Fn. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to detect gross conformational changes of adsorbed Fn on polyHEMA or polyEMA. BAEC were cultured in serum-free medium for 2 h and subjected to a brief exposure of laminar flow in a variable-height flow chamber that provided a range of shear stresses of 15-185 dynes/cm2. The critical shear stress to detach 50% of the cells increased with increasing EMA content to a maximum at 20% HEMA/80% EMA copolymer irrespective of the presence of preadsorbed Fn. However, the critical force increased even though there were similar amounts of Fn adsorbed on all substrates. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy showed only minor changes in beta-sheet structure of Fn adsorbed to polyHEMA and polyEMA. These results show that the force to detach cells did not increase solely with increasing amounts of adsorbed Fn; rather, these results indicate a more complex interplay involving both the amount and conformation of adsorbed Fn.
Vitamin D metabolites and bone mineralization in man.

A comparison was made of the biochemical and osseous effects of 25–hydroxyvitamin D3[25(OH)D3], lα–25–hydroxyvitamin D3[lα,25(OH)2D3], and 24,25–dihydroxyvitamin D., [24,25(OH)2D3] in adult vitamin D-deficient man. Administration of 50 jug/d of 25(OH)D3 for 8 weeks led to a return of the mineralization front to normal associated with a return of Tmpo4/GFR to normal, an increase in serum phosphate and calcium concentrations, a fall in serum IPTH, and a rise in serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Giving 2.5 jug/d of la,25(OH)2D3 did not produce these effects. Administration of lα,25(OH)2D3 caused an increase in intestinal calcium absorption, and a rise in serum calcium associated with a fall in serum immunoreactive parathormone (IPTH) concentrations but no sustained rise in either alkaline phosphatase, serum phosphate concentration, nor in Tmpo4/GFR. Its administration caused an increase in the extent of the osteoclastic bone resorption surface but the extent of the mineralization front remained subnormal....
Case study reflecting principles and treatment techniques of postural restoration

The etiology of scoliosis has eluded definition. Relative Anterior Spinal Overgrowth (RASO) is generally accepted as an initiating phenomenon but predisposing factors to RASO are not understood. A revolutionary new approach to physical therapy known as Postural Restoration (PR) which, in the US, has been especially successful in sports performance enhancement, offers a perspective on human bio-mechanics which may help clarify predisposition to scoliosis. Additionally, PR treatment techniques offer powerful tools to balance asymmetrical function. The case study demonstrates the effectiveness of early intervention. Clinically, PR has also proven successful in rehabilitation for older adolescents and for adults. PR is the first approach to appreciate the significance of fundamental asymmetry of the human body as a positive factor, facilitating movement via a universal right side dominant movement pattern. This pattern represents one half of the gait cycle; its opposite pattern, on the left, is less used and less strong. Right side dominance manifests in a tri-planar system. PR recognizes the essential role respiratory function plays in the bio- mechanical organization of the body. Breathing discord effects changes in diaphragm form and function causing it to lose respiratory effectiveness and to assume a more structural role, which then reinforces lordosis. As a result, shear forces on dorsal vertebral growth plates result in RASO as described by the Heuter-Volkman principle. RASO obstructs normal thoracic flexion. Compensatory strategies to achieve flexion, which follow dominant right side patterning will demonstrate a thoracic dextro-scoliosis, with or without a compensating lumbar levo-scoliosis. PR rehabilitation begins with sagittal plane balancing. Activities follow which balance frontal plane asymmetries by inhibition of dominant muscle chains and facilitation of the non-dominant pattern. Transverse plane activity is integrated once sagittal and frontal plane relative balance has been achieved. Programs usually begin in non-weight bearing positions and progress to upright, then to alternating reciprocal movement. ADL activities are modified. All exercises rely on respiratory coordination. This case study follows a 9 year old, hypermobile girl, diagnosed by x-ray with a right thoracolumbar curvature of 27 degrees, who was able to eliminate her curvature, by x-ray, over a three month period with PR.
On the nonlinear stability of plane waves for the ginzburg‐landau equation

I consider the nonlinear stability of plane wave solutions to a Ginzburg-Landau equation with additional fifth-order terms and cubic terms containing spatial derivatives. I show that, under the constraint that the diffusion coefficient be real, these waves are stable. Furthermore, it is shown that the radial component of the perturbation decays at a faster rate than the phase component of the perturbation as t ∞. The result is also applicable to the classical Ginzburg-Landau equation. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Management of metabolic syndrome: statins

Individuals who have the metabolic syndrome are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Combined dyslipidemia is an important component of metabolic syndrome, contributing to excess cardiovascular risk. Lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions are warranted for effective management of this syndrome. This article discusses the current evidence supporting the use of statins and their beneficial impact on lipid and nonlipid aspects of metabolic syndrome-related pathology.
Injury and illness epidemiology at a summer sport-camp program, 2008 through 2011.

Context: University-sponsored summer sport camps often employ athletic trainers; however, there is a dearth of epidemiologic studies describing the injury and illness experience of sport-camp participants to guide clinicians. Objective: To describe the injury and illness experience of youth participants at a university-sponsored summer sport-camp program during a 4-year period. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: A National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I university that sponsored 76 to 81 camps for 28 sports each summer. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 44 499 camp participants enrolled during the 4 years. Male and female participants ranged in age from 10 to 17 years and in athletic skill from novice to elite. Main Outcome Measure(s): Data from handwritten injury and illness log books, maintained by sports health care personnel, were accessed retrospectively, entered into an electronic spreadsheet, and coded. Data were applied to the National Athletic Injury/Illness Rep...
Reading Other People's Letters in the 1970s: Reconstructing Soviet Spectatorship in Il'ia Averbakh's Other People's Letters (1975)

This paper studies audiences’ responses, published in the Soviet press of the 1970s, to Il’ia Averbakh’s 1975 film Other People’s Letters. Averbakh’s film was made in the context of a stiffening ideological situation in the country, on the one hand, and the commercialization of Soviet cinema, on the other hand. Young and adult viewers reacted to the film differently and recreated their own messages, in accordance to their position in the power structure. As it is evident from the analysis of film reviews and letters to the editors, regarding Other People’s Letters, the prevailing spectatorial position during the Brezhnev years was “negotiating,” thus continuing the tradition of the Thaw culture. It allowed Soviet viewers to discuss some unconventional questions, while still limiting their ability to openly talk about some other taboo topics. The negotiating position was challenged and manipulated by viewers who were associated with authoritative, official discourse.
Auxin Activity of Glucobrassicin

The indole-glucosinolate, glucobrassicin, which is found in large amounts in members of the genus Brassica, was subjected to tests in the standard Avena curvature bioassay. Both the tetramethylammonium salt of glucobrassicin and the non-crystallizted material induced curvature at a concentration of 5 × l0−4M. The curvature from the salt was, however, only half of that induced by the acid form. Bioassays of chromatograms of fresh methanolic extracts of savoy cabbage indicated the presence of indole-3-acetic acid as well as indole-3-acetonitrile in small amounts along with large amounts of glucobrassicin. Segments of green hypocotyl tissue of savoy cabbage respond with limited growth to high concentrations of glucobrassicin. Segments of etiolated hypocotyls or green epicotyls give no growth response to glucobrassicin. Pea stem segments which do not respond to indoleacetonitrile responded with similar growth to glucobrassicin and indoleacetic acid. Nitrilase activity was found in savoy hypocotyl and epicotyl tissue by chromatography of incubation media. The growth regulation in savoy cabbage in conjunction with data on the distribution of glucobrassicin in the plant, leads to the conclusion that glucobrassicin is a special, inactive storage and transport form of the active auxin in cabbage.
Classification of menstrual bleeding disorders.

There exists a spectrum of potential causes of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in nonpregnant reproductive-aged women. In some instances the abnormal bleeding may emanate from definable pathologic entities in the endometrial cavity such as polyps or submucous leiomyomas (fibroids), while in others, it may occur secondary to coagulopathies or disorders of local or systemic hemostasis. If the patient is subjected to a rigorous evaluation more than one potential contributor may be identified, a circumstance that challenges the clinician since entities such as polyps, leiomyomas, and adenomyosis may frequently be asymptomatic, even in women with AUB. The bench or clinical investigator may also be influenced by the existence of the multiplicity of potential causes that could confound the results of research. This paper describes FIGO’s (Federation Internationale de Gynecologie et d’Obstetrique) new PALM-COEIN classification of causes of AUB in the reproductive years (Polyp, Adenomyosis, Leiomyoma, Malignancy and hyperplasia—Coagulopathy, Ovulatory disorder, Endometrial, Iatrogenic, Not yet classified). This system is designed to assist clinicians in the evaluation of patients, investigators in the design and interpretation of research and faculty in the education of medical students and residents/trainees. Additionally, given the longstanding existence of a confusing array of conflicting definitions, the manuscript describes the FIGO standardized terminology for both normal menstruation and AUB symptoms.
The Role of Working Memory Capacity and General Control Processes in Intelligence.

Abstract Although both general control processing (i.e., global metacomponents) and working memory capacity have emerged as primary explanations of abstract intelligence, their relative impact on individual differences rarely has been compared. This study examines the impact of general control processing and working memory capacity on an important measuring task for abstract intelligence. A new multicomponent latent trait model (MLTM) for covert responses was applied to item response data for matrix problems. With this model, working memory capacity could be separated from general control processing because item processing requirements for the former varies systematically across items (Carpenter, Just, & Shell, 1990), whereas the latter remains constant. Structural equation modeling indicated that both processing abilities were significant sources of individual differences. However, general control processing had a stronger impact. The results, and their limitations, are discussed in the context of prior theory and research.
Separation of Immune Interferon and MIF

SummaryA preparation of mitogen-induced immune interferon and MIF was subjected to sequential salt precipitation with first 55% and then 80% saturated ammonium sulfate. At least 95% of the interferon activity was found in the reconstituted 55-80% precipitate, while MIF activity was found in both precipitates, but most active in the reconstituted 55% salt precipitate. The immune interferon and MIF activities of the 55-80% reconstituted salt precipitate were shown to be different by BSA-Affi-Gel 10 affinity chromatography. Both lymphokines were also shown to be heterogeneous by the above techniques.
SU-GG-T-490: Analysis of Clinical Data Sets by Comparative DVH Analysis

Analysis of large clinical dosimetrydata sets has been limited to evaluation of single number dosimetric quantifiers (like V20 or D90). The quantifiers are linked with clinical outcomes and conclusions drawn based on comparative statistical tests. These quantifiers are often a matter of guesswork, at best chosen by recommendation of investigators who have performed similar analyses. A tool for comparative analysis of the entire dose volume histogram for large data sets has been developed and is described. This tool has been used as an interface between several treatment planning systems, external beam and brachytherapy. The downloaded structure dose volume histograms and data set analysis and comparison are performed within the tool. As an example of this process, a series of 131 Cs implants, performed at multiple institutions, has been analyzed following import from Variseed (Varian Medical Systems). Ten patients who had RTOG Grade 2 rectal complications following the implant were compared to twenty‐three patients who did not experience any rectal complications. While a similar analysis has been performed previously, this work was limited to analyzing rectal dosimetry in terms of 2 or 3 rectal dose quantifiers. While the previous effort was able to show statistical significance with R100, it is apparent from the present work that the critical doses for rectal complications are much more likely associated with doses to the rectum which are much lower than the prescription dose, in the range of 40–50 Gy. This is verified by improved significance of the correlation between the two arms of the cohort at these dose levels. The 131 Cs monotherapy dataset demonstrates the utility of the tool and the associated process. The tool has also been used to analyze external beam data sets to demonstrate the dosimetric improvement of inverse planning over conventional planning for external beam radiotherapy.
Use of imaging in the differential diagnosis of rheumatic diseases in children.

Although the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases in children may be straightforward, the clinician is often presented with the need to consider many possibilities in the differential diagnosis. Repeated physical examination is often important in detecting changes, such as synovitis, that permit a suspected diagnosis to be confirmed. Laboratory testing is invaluable in evaluating patients with possible rheumatic diseases. Another important approach is the judicious use of various imaging modalities. This article considers the use of imaging studies in evaluating children who may have juvenile rheumatoid arthritis or other rheumatic diseases. Differential diagnosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis The diagnosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis requires the presence of arthritis for at least 6 weeks, with other potential causes being excluded. When presenting parents with information, the possibility of a change in diagnosis during the course of disease should be considered, and discussed when appropriate. For example, children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis rarely evolve findings of systemic lupus erythematosus [1]. Development of symptoms atypical for pauciarticular or polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (ie, chest pain or orthopnea) or unusual physical findings (ie, decreased breath sounds or a pericardial friction rub) merit the use of imaging studies, in addition to laboratory tests. Chest radiographs may reveal pleural fluid or an enlarged cardiac:thoracic ratio. Echocardiography can confirm the presence of pericardial fluid (also found in patients with systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis) or inflammatory valvulitis. Occasionally, children with inflammatory bowel disease present with fevers, weight loss, and arthralgia months before developing frank abdominal pain and diarrhea. Radiography of
Performance evaluation of 1-point-RANSAC visual odometry

Monocular visual odometry is the process of computing the egomotion of a vehicle purely from images of a single camera. This process involves extracting salient points from consecutive image pairs, matching them, and computing the motion using standard algorithms. This paper analyzes one of the most important steps toward accurate motion computation, which is outlier removal. The random sample consensus (RANSAC) has been established as the standard method for model estimation in the presence of outliers. RANSAC is an iterative method, and the number of iterations necessary to find a correct solution is exponential in the minimum number of data points needed to estimate the model. It is therefore of utmost importance to find the minimal parameterization of the model to estimate. For unconstrained motion [six degrees of freedom (DoF)] of a calibrated camera, this would be five correspondences. In the case of planar motion, the motion model complexity is reduced (three DoF) and can be parameterized with two points. In this paper we show that when the camera is installed on a nonholonomic wheeled vehicle, the model complexity reduces to two DoF and therefore the motion can be parameterized with a single-point correspondence. Using a single-feature correspondence for motion estimation is the lowest model parameterization possible and results in the most efficient algorithm for removing outliers, which we call 1-point RANSAC. To support our method, we run many experiments on both synthetic and real data and compare the performance with state-of-the-art approaches and with different vehicles, both indoors and outdoors. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of nonylphenol ethoxylate exposure on reproductive output and bioindicators of environmental estrogen exposure in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas

Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs) were evaluated in the laboratory for potential effects on the reproductive physiology and fecundity of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Groups of three adult male and three female fathead minnows were exposed in a continuous flow-through system to 0, 0.21, 0.65, 2.1, or 7.9 microg NPEO/L for 42 d. Rabbit anti-goldfish vitellogenin (VTG) antiserum was prepared and a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adapted for measurement of plasma VTG in fish following exposure. Plasma 17beta-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) were also quantified by ELISA at the end of the exposure. Neither survival nor fecundity of fathead minnows exhibited a concentration-dependent response to NPEOs. No significant differences were observed in plasma VTG concentrations among treatments for males or females. Mean plasma VTG concentrations in females ranged from 291.7 to 895.1 microg VTG/ml among treatments and did not overlap with mean concentrations measured in the plasma of males, which ranged from less than the method detection limit (0.27 microg VTG/ml) to 3.2 microg VTG/ml. Plasma E2 concentrations exhibited a significant difference between males and females within all NPEO treatments, but no differences were observed among treatments. Similarly, plasma T concentrations did not exhibit a concentration-dependent response to NPEOs.
Temperature requirements of a house-dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, compared with the climate in different habitats of houses

Laboratory tests show an optimal development of a house-dust allergen generating mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart) at a temperature of 25° C; after 8 weeks at a temperature of 30° the number of mites is 40% of the number at 25°, at 20° only 15%. In the Dutch climate only in summer is relative humidity in houses high enough to allow rapid population growth, but the average temperature on floors in summer is usually below 20°. In occupied beds and upholstered chairs temperatures increase in a short time to optimal levels for mite breeding, and relative humidity increases by 5–8%. It is to be expected that in summer beds and chairs are suitable breeding places in a temperate climate. Zusammenfassung TEMPERATURBEDARF DER HAUSSTAUB-MILBE DERMATOPHAGOIDES PTERONYSSINUS IM VERGLEICH MIT DEM KLIMA IN VERSCHIEDENEN NISCHEN DES HAUSES. Laborexperimente ergaben eine optimale Entwicklung der Hausstaub-Allergie erzeugenden Milbe Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus bei 25°. Nach 8 Wochen betragt bei 30° die Anzahl der Milben nur 40% der bei 25° erzielten; bei 20° nur 15%. Im hollandischen Klima ist die rel. LF in den Hausern nur im Sommer hoch genug, um eine Milbenpopulation schnell wachsen zu lassen, doch liegt die durchschnittliche Temperatur auf dem Fusboden im Sommer gewohnlich unter 20°. In Gegenwart von Betten und gepolsterten Stuhlen steigt die Temperatur in kurzer Zeit bis zu einer optimalen Hohe und die rel. LF um 5–8%. Man darf annehmen, das in einem gemasigten Klima im Sommer Bette und Stuhle geeignete Milbenbrutstatten sind.
Wnt-frizzled signaling in neural crest formation.

The neural crest is a unique embryonic structure composed of a migratory population of multipotent cells. It is induced at the border of neural and epidermal tissues and contributes to a numerous cell types in the developing vertebrate embryo. The induction of neural crest has been proposed to be a multi-step process, involving an intermediate level of signaling by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and additional signals from adjacent tissues. Although these signals have not been identified with certainty, evidence from work in Xenopus and mouse, and more recently in chick and zebrafish, supports a role for the Wnt signaling pathway in the early steps of neural crest development.
Full Configuration Interaction Energies, Geometries, and Quartic Force Fields of the Nitrenium Ion

Benchmark configuration interaction energies, geometries, dipole moments, and harmonic vibrational frequencies are obtained for four low-lying electronic states of NH 2 + and for X 2 B 1 NH 2 by solving the electronic Schrodinger equation exactly within a double-ζ plus polarization (DZP) basis set and restricting the nitrogen 1s-like core orbital to remain doubly occupied. In addition, full quartic force fields have been determined, and sets of anharmonic spectroscopic constants and fundamental frequencies are reported for the a 1 A 1 state of NH 2 + . Vertical and adiabatic ionization potentials of NH 2 are also determined exactly within a DZP basis. The capability of less-complete electron correlation treatments to match these exact, full configuration interaction (full CI) results is assessed. The efficacy of obtaining anharmonic force fields at nonstationary geometries is also examined, and in agreement with previous work, it is found that the self-consistent field method can provide high quality cubic and quartic force constants when they are evaluated at the full CI equilibrium geometry. Both the CCSD(T) and CASSCF-SOCI methods provide geometric and spectroscopic data in excellent agreement with the Full CI results and are competitive in their reliability with more expensive procedures ( e.g. CISDTQ). The second 1 A 1 state in C 2v symmetry is predicted by the TZ2P(f,d) CASSCF-SOCI wavefunction to be linear (thus properly labeled as c 1 Σ g + ), even though it is found to be quasilinear at the DZP full CI level.
Determination of Food Preservatives in Orange Juice by Reversed‐Phase Liquid Chromatography

An isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed to determine benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and methyl and propyl esters of p-hydroxygenzoic acid (parabens) in orange juice. The HPLC system consists of a reversed-phase column (150 × 6.0 mm i.d.) packed with a rigid polystyrene-divinylbenzene gel, a solvent system of acetonitrile-0.05M KH2P04 (40:60) with flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and 230 nm detection. Including sample preparation, a complete determination can be accomplished in 30 min. The method recovered 93% or more of all preservatives with the exception of high concentrations (500 ppm) of parabens.
Multi-site dual surface monophasic action potential mapping of atrial repolarization in vivo: is atrial repolarization a two- or three-dimensional process?

Abstract Although the atrial free wall is a thin structure, atrial depolarization has been shown to have aspects of three-dimensionality. This study asks whether the same is true for atrial repolarization. By using a multi-element dual-surface probe, monophasic action potentials (MAPs) were recorded simultaneously at several opposing sites on the right atrial endocardial and epicardial surfaces in six open-chest pigs. The times of depolarization and repolarization were marked in recordings during sinus, paced rhythms, and during infusions of cold saline to the epicardial surface, which generated a temperature gradient across the atrial wall. Repolarization times were similar on endocardial and epicardial surfaces in some cites, but others showed significant differences during sinus and paced rhythms. Cold saline infusion produced a significant lengthening of MAP duration, and this was more pronouced on the atrial endocardial sites than on the epicardial sites. The observed differences in endocardial and epicardial repolarization times may be due to the presence of atrial pectinate muscles on the endocardial surface. These results suggest that in some regions atrial repolarization is a three-dimensional process. Possible limitations of this study include the fact that the depth of view of MAPs recorded from the atrial wall may extend to the opposing surface.
Dynamical evolution of the quark-gluon plasma and phenomenology

Abstract Recent theoretical studies of the dynamical evolution of the quark-gluon plasma which might be produced in ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions are reviewed focussing on the formation stage.
Low-coordinate volatile Group 12 amides: syntheses and crystal structure determinations of dimeric {M{(CH3)2]}2}2; M=Zn, Cd and monomeric Hg{(CH3)2]}2 ☆

Abstract Anhydrous group 12 metal (Zn, Cd, Hg) dihalides react with 2 equiv. of lithium 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-2,5-disila-1-aza-cyclopentanide Li{ N[Si(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 CH 2 Si (CH3)2]} in Et2O to afford dimeric zinc and cadmium amide complexes {M{ N[Si(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 CH 2 Si (CH3)2]}2}2 (M=Zn (1), M=Cd (2)), as well as the monomeric mercury derivative Hg{ N[Si(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 CH 2 Si (CH3)2]}2 (3). All prepared complexes represent volatile solids with considerable gas-phase stability. Molecular structures determined by the single crystal X-ray diffraction technique show that zinc (1) and cadmium (2) amide examples contain three-coordinate metal atoms forming a slightly distorted M2N2-core with the bridging nitrogens, while the corresponding mercury derivative (3) consists of monomeric molecules with the central metal linearly coordinated by both nitrogen atoms.
A creep analysis of rotating solid disks

Abstract Based on the maximum shear theory, an analysis of creep deformations and stress distributions in rotating solid disks operating at elevated temperature is presented. At steady-state condition, creep rate is assumed to be the product of a function of stress, a function of time and a function of temperature.It is further assumed that with metallic material available for gas turbine disks, the creep laws follow (a) power function stress-creep-rate relation for relatively low stresses and (b) exponential function stress-creep-rate for relatively high stresses. The case of variable-thickness and uniform-temperature disk is analyzed and discussed.
The dialectic of development in US urban policies: an alternative theory of poverty

Abstract The spatial diffusion of poverty and the demographic profile of the “poor” in cities like Los Angeles, where 1.7 million residents of the greater metropolitan area qualify as such, suggest that poverty is neither a socioeconomic exception nor affiliated with a singular sociocultural or racial group. However, our policy discourse and solutions continue to suffer from a modernist/industrial era explanation of poverty and its spatial concentration. In this paper, I will offer an alternative interpretation of economic development in the 20th century and propose that development projects fit comfortably into the political philosophy of nation building and the social construction of citizenship. Under the umbrella of social justice and democracy, many regions of the world, including the inner city, have been envisioned as landscapes of social and political instability and targeted for development as such. Here, the equating of development with stability is examined theoretically to suggest that anti-poverty policies, both in the US and the UK, can be viewed as an extension of the 20th century modernist nation-building agenda.
Entropy of measurement and erasure: Szilard’s membrane model revisited

It is widely believed that measurement is accompanied by irreversible entropy increase. This conventional wisdom is based in part on Szilard’s 1929 study of entropy decrease in a thermodynamic system by intelligent intervention (i.e., a Maxwell’s demon) and Brillouin’s association of entropy with information. Bennett subsequently argued that information acquisition is not necessarily irreversible, but information erasure must be dissipative (Landauer’s principle). Inspired by the ensuing debate, we revisit the membrane model introduced by Szilard and find that it can illustrate and clarify (1) reversible measurement, (2) information storage, (3) decoupling of the memory from the system being measured, and (4) entropy increase associated with memory erasure and resetting.
Abstract 3701: Tomato carotenoids and testosterone modulate mRNA and miRNA profiles during prostate carcinogenesis.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC There is considerable evidence supporting the hypothesis that tomato carotenoids may contribute to prostate cancer prevention however the mechanisms remain uncertain. We propose that bioactive tomato components, such as lycopene, may impact testosterone signaling to inhibit prostate carcinogenesis. Four week-old C57/BL6 WT and TRAMP male mice were fed either control (AIN93G), 10% tomato powder or 0.25% lycopene beadlets. At eight weeks of age, mice were randomized among treatments: intact, castration, or castration + 2.5mg/kg testosterone repletion and animals sacrificed at 10 weeks of age. Prostate gene expression was quantified by Nanostring nCounter was used to quantify prostate gene expression with a 200 gene murine prostate carcinogenesis custom codeset and miRNA with codeset v1.1. Carotenoid analysis is by HPLC and proliferation (Ki67) by immunohistochemical evaluation. Feeding dietary tomato or lycopene increased serum lycopene, for example, in WT mice concentrations reached 335 +/- 33 nmol/L and 337 +/- 34 nmol/L in tomato and lycopene fed animals, respectively. As expected, the TRAMP genotype and testosterone stimulate proliferation with diet as a modulating factor. In the WT intact prostate, the tomato powder and lycopene diet decreased proliferation (p<0.009). The TRAMP genotype and endocrine status impacted the expression of multiple genes and miRNAs in several distinct patterns. For example, Birc5, Ki67, PCNA, BRCA1, ATM, Aurora kinase A / B, Cdc25c, Cyclin B2, cyclin E2, Fox M1,and miRs 15b, 16, 25, 200a, 200b, and 429 are increased in the TRAMP prostate, only when testosterone is present. Alternatively, TMPRSS2, CD31, CD34, Cox 2, nCad, Cyclin D1, Keratin 5, Shh, and p63, and miRs 145, 205, 328, and 423-5p are decreased in the TRAMP prostate in the presence of testosterone. Nkx3.1, miR 148a, and miR 375 are decreased upon castration whereas beta catenin, FGFR1 and TNF alpha are increased. Tomato and / or Lycopene modestly decreased expression of eCad, HIF 1 alpha, Paxillin, RxR alpha, Sca 1 and Vimentin and increased expression of CD133 and miR 22. These highly controlled in vivo studies document the strong interactions between genetic defects in the prostate, the hormonal environment, and diet in modulating early prostate carcinogenesis. Citation Format: Jennifer M. Thomas-Ahner, Lei Wan, Hsueh-Li Tan, Nancy E. Moran, Amy C. Elsen, Dennis K. Pearl, John W. Erdman, Steven K. Clinton. Tomato carotenoids and testosterone modulate mRNA and miRNA profiles during prostate carcinogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3701. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3701
Evaluating media exposure: an application of advertising methods to publicity measurement

Tests new proposed tools for measuring media exposure in a crisis management situation. A theoretical formulae based on a literature review is applied to two crises: the TWA 800 crash and the ValuJet 592 crash. The application of the proposed formulae was generally successful. The outcomes showed that diverse comparisons of media exposure are possible through the new methods.
Prolonged Function of Macrophage, von Willebrand Factor‐Deficient Porcine Pulmonary Xenografts

Porcine von Willebrand factor (vWF) activates human and primate platelets. Having determined the importance of pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs) in pulmonary xenotransplantation, we evaluated whether, in the absence of PIMs, vWF might play a role in pulmonary xenograft dysfunction. Utilizing a left single-lung transplant model, baboons depleted of anti-alphaGal antibodies received lungs from either vWF-deficient (n = 2); MCP-expressing (n = 5); MCP PIM-depleted (n = 5); or vWF-deficient PIM-depleted swine (n = 3). Two out of three of the PIM-depleted, pvWF deficient grafts survived longer than any previously reported pulmonary xenografts, including PIM-depleted xenografts expressing human complement regulatory proteins. Depletion of PIM's from vWF-deficient lungs, like depletion of PIM's from hMCP lungs, resulted in abrogation of the coagulopathy associated with pulmonary xenotransplantation. Thus, in terms of pulmonary graft survival, control of adverse reactions involving pvWF appears to be equally or even more important than is complement regulation using hMCP expression. However, based on the rapid failure of PIM-sufficient, pvWF-deficient pulmonary xenografts, pVWF-deficient pulmonary xenografts appear to be particularly sensitive to macrophage-mediated damage. These data provide initial evidence that vWF plays a role in the 'delayed' (24 h) dysfunction observed in pulmonary xenotransplantation using PIM depleted hMCP organs.
Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography for the Assessment of Coronary Blood Flow Reserve: Validation in Humans

Abstract Objectives . The aim of this study was to validate the use of myocardial contrast echocardiography to determine coronary blood flow reserve in humans. Background . Although myocardial contrast echocardiogrephy has been used to accurately quantify coronary flow reserve in animals, validation for its use in humans to measure flow reserve is lacking. Methods . We analyzed the time-intensity curve from the anteroseptal region of the left ventricular short axis produced after a left main coronary artery injection of sonicated albumin before and after intracoronary administration of papaverine in 16 patients without angiographically significant coronary artery disease. The ratio of half-time of video intensity disappearance from peak intensity, variable of curve width, area under the timeintensity curve and corrected peak contrast intensity after papaverine compared with baseline were correlated with coronary flow reserve measured simultaneously with an intracoronary Doppler probe in the left anterior descending coronary artery. Results . There was a strong inverse correlation with half-time of contrast washout and coronary flow reserve (r = −0.76, p = 0.0007) and a strong positive correlation between the variable of curve width (which is inversely proportional to curve width) and coronary flow reserve (r = 0.71, p = O.002). There was a weak but significant inverse correlation between area under the timeintensity curve and coronary flow reserve (r = −0.54, p = 0.03) but no correlation between corrected peak contrast inteasity and coronary flow reserve (r = −036, p = NS), Despite the strong correlation for the ratios for half-time of contrast washout and variable of curve width and actual coronary flow reserve measured with intracoronary Doppler probe, the transit time ratios consistently underestimated coronary flow reserve. Conclusions . Myocardial contrast echocardiography performed with left main coronary artery injections of sonicated albumin can be utilized to measure coronary flow reserve in humans. Transit time variable ratios (half-time of contrast washout and variable of curve width) derived from the time-intensity curve correlate most strongly with coronary flow reserve.
Transferring Collective Knowledge: Teaching and Learning in the Chinese Auto Industry

This article studies teaching and learning strategies that firms use to transfer collective knowledge between organizations. The benefits of group teaching and group learning in transferring collective knowledge from a source community to a recipient community are discussed first, followed by an examination of international R&D capability transfer in the Chinese auto industry, based on interviews at multiple ventures in China and the US. Several results emerge from the study. Group teaching is more effective than individual teaching in helping recipients understand multiple dimensions of a source’s collective knowledge and in creating bridge networks, and group learning is more effective than individual learning for helping trainees integrate their learning and then re-embed it with their local context. Among four teaching–learning configurations, group teaching–group learning is the most effective transfer strategy for transferring collective knowledge. Individual teaching–individual learning transfers c...
First-order indefinite and uniform neighbourhood semantics

The main purpose of this paper is to define and study a particular variety of Montague-Scott neighborhood semantics for modal propositional logic. We call this variety the “first-order neighborhood semantics” because it consists of the neighborhood frames whose neighborhood operations are, in a certain sense, first-order definable. The paper consists of two parts. In Part I we begin by presenting a family of modal systems. We recall the Montague-Scott semantics and apply it to some of our systems that have hitherto be uncharacterized. Then, we define the notion of a first-order indefinite semantics, along with the more specific notion of a first-order uniform semantics, the latter containing as special cases the possible world semantics of Kripke. In Part II we prove consistency and completeness for a broad range of the systems considered, with respect to the first-order indefinite semantics, and for a selected list of systems, with respect to the first-order uniform semantics. The completeness proofs are algebraic in character and make essential use of the finite model property. A by-product of our investigations is a result relating provability in “S-systems” and provability in “T-systems”, which generalizes a known theorem relating provability in the systems S 2° and C 2.
Causes of Urban Sprawl in the United States: Auto reliance as compared to natural evolution, flight from blight, and local revenue reliance

This paper describes a statistical study of the contribution of theories previously offered by economists to explain differences in the degree of urban decentralization in the U.S. The focus is on a relative comparison of the influence of auto reliance. A regression analysis reveals that a 10 percent reduction in the percentage of households owning one or more autos would reduce the square mile size of an urban area by only 0.5 percent and raise its population density by only 0.7 percent. Factors falling under the categories of “natural evolution” and “flight from blight” exert a far greater magnitude of influence. For instance, a 10 percent reduction in per capita income would reduce the square mile size of an urban area by 11.4 percent and raise its population density by 10.1 percent, while a 10 percent decrease in the percentage central place(s) population poor would reduce the square mile size of an urban area by 2.6 percent and raise its population density by 1.7 percent. A significant increase in urban decentralization will require more than just reduced auto reliance. © 2008 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Analysis of uptake and release of newly synthesized acetylcholine in PC12 cells overexpressing the rat vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT)

Rat VAChT cDNA was stably transfected into PC12 cells to generate cell clones overexpressing different quantities of VAChT protein. Membrane fractions prepared from one cell clone (#3) in which VAChT was highly expressed (as determined by Western blot and [(3)H]vesamicol binding analyses) accumulated approximately two and half times as much [(3)H]ACh during incubation as did membrane fractions prepared from control cells. Vesamicol inhibited this ATP-dependent uptake. Membrane fractions isolated from a second cell clone (#6), which contained considerably less VAChT protein than did clone #3, accumulated no more [(3)H]ACh than did control cells. We compared the accumulation of newly synthesized [(14)C]ACh by a particulate fraction prepared from clones #3 and #6 with untransfected cells when these cells were incubated with either labeled acetate or choline. The results indicated that particulate fractions of clones #3 and #6 did not accumulate any more newly synthesized [(14)C]ACh than did the particulate fraction of untransfected cells. Furthermore, vesamicol reduced the filling of a particulate fraction of untransfected cells with newly synthesized ACh better than it reduced the refilling of a particulate fraction of VAChT-transfected cells. High K(+) depolarization did not release any more newly synthesized [(14)C]ACh from VAChT-transfected than it did from untransfected cells. In related studies, overexpression of VAChT in clone #3 induced a slight but significant increase in ChAT activity. Overall, our results indicate that an increase in the amount of VAChT protein associated with a particulate fraction of PC12 cells does not augment the amount of newly synthesized [(14)C]ACh acquired by that particulate fraction. However, it does reduce the effectiveness of vesamicol in blocking the filling of the particulate fraction with newly synthesized [(14)C]ACh. In summary, our results suggest that the vesicular release of ACh from PC12 cells is not regulated at the level of its uptake into synaptic vesicles.