cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment with Nilotinib for Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Who Failed Prior Therapy with Imatinib and Dasatinib.

Nilotinib (AMN107) is a selective Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitor which is aproximately 30-fold more potent than imatinib. Phase I and II studies confirmed the efficacy of nilotinib in imatinib-resistant CML. Dasatinib (BMS-354825) is a dual Src-Abl kinase inhibitor recently approved for the treatment of CML in all stages of the disease after imatinib failure. With the availability of more new tyrosine kinase inhibitors, one important question is the existence of cross-resistance between these new agents. To help answer this question, we analyzed the outcome of patients with CML who receive therapy with nilotinib after having failed therapy with dasatinib. Seven patients were treated: 6 had previously shown hematologic resistance to imatinib and one had intolerance to imatinib. Dasatinib failure was due to hematologic resistance in all 7 patients after a median of 16 weeks (range 4 to 32) on therapy. Median age was 50 years (range, 15 to 78 years); median follow-up on nilotinib was 5 months (range, 1 to 14 months). At the start of therapy with nilotinib, 1 patient was in chronic (CP), 1 in accelerated (AP), and 5 in blastic phase (BP). Mutations were found in 2 of 4 patients assessed before nilotinib therapy (F317L and E355G, respectively). All patients received nilotinib 400 mg BID (n=5) or 800 mg single daily dose (n=2). Of the 7 evaluable patients, one patient (in AP) responded (complete hematologic response). This patient had no mutations identified at baseline. At the last follow-up, 5 patients are alive: 3 with active disease, one in CHR, and one in complete molecular remission post allogeneic stem cell transplantation. We conclude that nilotinib has modest activity in patients with CML resistant to both imatinib and dasatinib.
Imagining Her Future: Diversity in Mothers’ Socialization Goals for Their Adolescent Daughters

According to developmental niche theory, members of different cultural and ethnic groups often have distinct ideas about what children need to become well-adapted adults. These beliefs are reflected in parents' long-term socialization goals for their children. In this study, we test whether specific themes that have been deemed important in literature on diverse families in the United States (e.g., Strong Black Woman [SBW], marianismo, familismo) are evident in mothers' long-term socialization goals. Participants included 192 mothers of teenage daughters from a low-income city in the United States (58% Latina, 22% African American, and 20% European American [EA]/White). Socialization goals were assessed through a q-sort task on important traits for a woman to possess and content analysis of open-ended responses about what values mothers hoped they would transmit to their daughters as they become adults. Results from ANCOVAs and logistic regression indicate significant racial/ethnic differences on both tasks consistent with hypotheses. On the q-sort task, African American mothers put more importance on women possessing traits such as independence than mothers from other racial/ethnic groups. Similarly, they were more likely to emphasize self-confidence and strength in what they hoped to transmit to their daughters. Contrary to expectation, Latina mothers did not emphasize social traits on the q-sort; however, in open-ended responses, they were more likely to focus on the importance of motherhood, one aspect of marianismo and familismo. Overall, results suggest that these mothers' long-term socialization goals incorporate culturally relevant values considered important for African American and Latino families.
On the Synthesis of Fixed Structure Controllers Satisfying given Performance Criteria

Abstract Many practical applications require the design of fixed order and structure feedback controllers. It is often required that these feedback controllers satisfy some specified criterion. This class of fixed structure controller synthesis problems can be reduced to the determination of a real controller parameter vector (or simply a controller), K, so that a family of complex polynomials, linear in the parameters of the controllers, is Hurwitz. A novel feature of this paper is the exploitation of the Interlacing Property (IP) of complex Hurwitz polynomials to systematically generate an arbitrarily large number of sets of linear inequalities in K. The simultaneous stabilization of the family of complex polynomials provides an approximation of the required set of controllers. We provide examples of the applicability of the proposed methodology to the synthesis and design of fixed order controllers.
Operations Business Math—Process Analysis Level One—Problems

This problem set focuses on process-analysis calculations, including throughput, capacity, cycle time, and utilization. See also UVA-OM-1060 and UVA-OM-1061. Excerpt UVA-OM-1059 OPERATIONS BUSINESS MATH Process Analysis Level One—Problems 1. Alice runs a restaurant. She makes up her tuna salads for the lunch rush in advance. The restaurant-sized cans of tuna she buys make 26 salads, and each salad takes three minutes to make from start to finish if she spends the ten minutes prior laying out all of her food components and ingredients. How long does it take Alice to finish making the salads? 2. Trish has an alterations shop. She hires an assistant to hem all of the pants and skirts. The assistant hems items of clothing for nine hours, and she produces 78 completed items of hemmed clothing without taking any breaks. What is the assistant's cycle time? 3. Trish has an alterations shop. She hires an assistant to hem all of the pants and skirts. The assistant works five hours of a seven-hour day. What is Trish's personnel utilization time? . . .
The digital double burial: resurrecting Hertz in the digital age

This article is intended as a comparative, yet speculative exercise. It seeks to consider how Robert Hertz’s 1907 analysis of the double burial in Dayak society might be used to integrate and guide...
The Pulse of the Planet: Measuring and Interpreting Phenology of Avian Migration

Changing phenology of bird migration has become a flagship example of the biological impacts of climate change. Bird migration phenology data come from a limited number of time series in idiosyncratic locations. Improved understanding of these relationships requires new data collected in a standardized method that spans spatial and temporal scales. We used weather surveillance radar data and eBird data to show that it is feasible to measure bird migration phenology from local to regional scales and that these data provide geographically informative and temporally consistent patterns of migration phenology. We examine both a single species (Purple Martin) case and widespread nocturnal songbird migration. We also analyzed patterns in potential environmental cues that migrants might use to adjust their phenology en route. These analyses suggest that temperature does form a thermal wave that is a plausible cue for adjusting migration timing, but that the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a measure of the start-of-spring does not produce a green wave that would be informative to migrants for gauging seasonal phenology. This result calls into question the use of vegetation indices to understand how migrants adjust their timing en route.
The Road to Genocide: Indonesian Military Planning to Seize State Power Prior to 1 October 1965

This chapter argues against the myth promoted by the Indonesian military that the genocide of 1965 was spontaneous. Drawing on army records from Aceh, Melvin lays out how plans for the army seizure of state power evolved in the lead up to 1965 in the context of the Dwikora military operation to oppose the formation of Malaysia (Ganyang Malaysia). Melvin argues that the army used these chains of command to seize state power and attack its political enemy through a self-described “Annihilation Operation” that it launched on 1 October 1965.
Application of Quality by Design to optimize a stability-indicating LC method for the determination of ticagrelor and its impurities

Abstract Simultaneous analysis of drug compounds and their impurities of degradation and synthesis became constant in the modern pharmaceutical analysis. Likewise, analytical techniques must improve sensitivity and selectivity for the monitoring of pharmaceutical products, allowing a full assessment of impurities in drug products and, therefore, ensure safety and efficacy of pharmacological treatments. The application of Quality by Design (QbD) principles has proved to be feasible on the elaboration of analytical methods, allowing the comprehensive evaluation and measurement of different analytical parameters and their effects on critical properties of the methodology in development. QbD approach was applied to the development of a fast and selective HPLC method for the analysis of the antiplatelet aggregation drug ticagrelor and its degradation products in presence of three impurities of synthesis. Fractional factorial resolution V was the screening experimental design applied to five method parameters. Response surface methodology was carried by central composite star face design on the two critical method parameters selected. Analytical design space, established after the application of Monte-Carlo simulations, verified whether predicted results were in accordance with critical quality attributes. The developed and validated HPLC method with DAD detection at 225 nm was able to resolve eight related compounds in less than three minutes.
An Infinite Series that Displays the Concavity of the Natural Logarithm

SummaryThe natural logarithm can be represented by an infinite series which, in contrast with its Taylor series, converges for all positive real values of the variable, and makes the fundamental property of concavity patently obvious. In principle, the series can be used to calculate the natural logarithm at any point of its domain using only the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and square root extraction repeatedly.
Bremsstrahlung from tritium β decay

Both external and internal bremsstrahlung produced in the \ensuremath{\beta} decay of tritium and of tritium-rare gas mixtures have been investigated. The ratio of external to internal bremsstrahlung varied for the different sources by more than two orders of magnitude. From an analysis of the shape of the x-ray spectrum, the maximum kinetic energy of electrons emitted in the \ensuremath{\beta} decay of tritium molecules has been determined to be 18 556(6) eV.
Implementing a strategy for promoting long-term meaningful learning in a pharmacokinetics course.

Abstract Introduction The purpose of this paper is to describe the evolution and effectiveness of instructional strategies that were implemented over a seven-year period to enhance the authenticity of instruction and assessment in a pharmacokinetics (PK) course. Methods Baseline data from 2011 and 2012 were analyzed to identify opportunities for improvement. In 2013 and 2014, lectures, PK workshops, and exam questions were modified to represent more authentic learning and assessment. Counter to expectations, 2013 and 2014 exam scores were significantly lower when compared to 2011 and 2012 scores. The course was modified further in 2015 to incorporate post-workshop quizzes that provided corrective feedback and required the use of retrieval as a learning strategy. Exam scores were compared across the three phases of course improvement (2011/2012 vs. 2013/2014 vs. 2015/2016/2017) using statistical analyses. Results The average final examination score in 2011-2012 was 84.6%. After increasing the number of authentic assessment exam items, the average on the final examination in 2013-2014 decreased to 80.3% (p Discussion Implementation of these evidence-based learning and instructional strategies (authentic learning, retrieval of new learning, and corrective feedback) was associated with higher student performance on the final examination over time. Conclusion These strategies may be valuable in improving student learning outcomes in other challenging professional program courses.
Celestina: Documento bibliográfico (suplemento número 33)

[Ha pasado ya un ano desde que Joseph T. Snow me nombro su sucesor en la tarea de preparar el suplemento bibliografico para Celestinesca. Como siempre, ha sido muy amable y me ha proporcionado unas cuantas entradas tambien resenandolas. Estas van al final con sus iniciales: [JTS]. Mi mas sincero agradecimiento para el. Querria tambien darles las gracias a todas aquellas personas que en estos meses me han ayudado y me han dado informaciones acerca de articulos, resenas, trabajos in fieri sobre LC, o han contestado a mis correos/peticiones enviandome copia de sus investigaciones. Me refiero, en particular, a: Jose Antonio Bernaldo del Quiros, Laura Mier, Remedios Prieto de la Iglesia, Fernando RodriguezGallego, Juan A. Sanchez y Daniel Vazquez. Espero que esta lista crezca con el pasar del tiempo porque, como ya he tenido ocasion de recordar en el ultimo suplemento, «los bienes, si no son comunicados, no son bienes». Para quien quiera ponerse en contacto conmigo, aqui tiene mi correo electronico: dpaolini@ccny.cuny.edu. Muchisimas gracias, DP]
Combinatorial Synthesis to Identify a Potent, Necrosis-Inducing Rhenium Anticancer Agent.

Combinatorial synthesis can be applied for developing a library of compounds that can be rapidly screened for biological activity. Here, we report the application of microwave-assisted combinatorial chemistry for the synthesis of 80 rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes bearing diimine ligands. This library was evaluated for anticancer activity in three different cancer cell lines, enabling the identification of three lead compounds with cancer cell growth-inhibitory activities of less than 10 μM. These three lead structures, Re-9B, Re-9C, and Re-9D, were synthesized independently and fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography. The most potent of these three complexes, Re-9D, was further explored to understand its mechanism of action. Complex Re-9D is equally effective in both wild-type and cisplatin-resistant A2780 ovarian cancer cells, indicating that it circumvents cisplatin resistance. This compound was also shown to possess promising activity against ovarian cancer tumor spheroids. Additionally, flow cytometry showed that Re-9D does not induce cell cycle arrest or flipping of phosphatidylserine to the outer cell membrane. Analysis of the morphological changes of cancer cells treated with Re-9D revealed that this compound gives rise to rapid plasma membrane rupture. Collectively, these data suggest that Re-9D induces necrosis in cancer cells. To assess the in vivo biodistribution and stability of this compound, a radioactive 99mTc analogue of Re-9D, 99mTc-9D(H2O), was synthesized and administered to naive BALB/c mice. Results of these studies indicate that 99mTc-9D(H2O) exhibits high metabolic stability and a distinct biodistribution profile. This research demonstrates that combinatorial synthesis is an effective approach for the development of new rhenium anticancer agents with advantageous biological properties.
Admission control in a two-class loss system with periodically varying parameters and abandonments

Motivated by service systems, such as telephone call centers and emergency departments, we consider admission control for a two-class multi-server loss system with periodically varying parameters and customers who may abandon from service. Assuming mild conditions for the parameters, a dynamic programming formulation is developed. We show that under the infinite horizon discounted problem, there exists an optimal threshold policy and provide conditions for a customer class to be preferred for each fixed time, extending stationary results to the non-stationary setting. We approximate the non-stationary problem by discretizing the time horizon into equally spaced intervals and examine how policies for this approximation change as a function of time and parameters numerically. We compare the performance of these approximations with several admission policies used in practice in a discrete-event simulation study. We show that simpler admission policies that ignore non-stationarity or abandonments lead to significant losses in rewards.
Medical Training in the Closet.

Medical Training in the Closet Having grown up surrounded by homophobia, a gay resident continues to carry around fear that he’ll be judged for his sexual orientation. But some attending physicians...
Kinetic Physics of Dipolarization Fronts: Theory, Simulation, Laboratory Experiments and in situ Observations

Dipolarization fronts (DFs) are fast Earthward propagating plasma structures with spatial gradients (in the frame moving with the front) of the order of the ion gyroradius or smaller. Broadband, mostly electrostatic, wavepower is observed at the front and complex nonlinear electromagnetic waves behind the front. DFs are thought to be formed in the magnetotail due to magnetic reconnection that depletes a flux-tube of plasma. This depleted flux-tube is buoyant and thus rushes towards the Earth. DFs are important for transporting particles and energy from the magnetotail into the inner magnetosphere.
Optimizing the robotic surgery team: an operations management perspective.

To assess the critical threshold to optimize operating room (OR) time for each surgical team member in robotically assisted sacrocolpopexy (RASCP) and to evaluate the most efficient team compositions. All women who underwent RASCP for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) were prospectively entered in a database. Patients having unrelated concomitant surgery were excluded. Our primary outcome measure was total OR time. We utilized factor analysis, regression analysis, and analysis of variance, OR time mapping, and stochastic optimization to identify ‘optimal’ surgical team configuration. The database included 359 consecutive RASCPs, all performed for stage III–IV POP: 156 (43%) were with total and 44 (12%) supracervical hysterectomies and 159 (44%) post-hysterectomy. Mean age was 58.6 ± 9.3 years. Mean parity was 2.8 ± 1.4, and mean body mass index was 28 ± 4.7 kg/m2. A total of 4 surgeons, 34 first assistants, 20 circulating nurses, 15 surgical technologists, and 59 anesthesiologist/nurse anesthetists were involved. Optimal experience levels for each team member were achieved at the following number of robotic procedures: surgeon 44; first assistant 13; surgical technologist 66; circulating nurse 56; anesthesia provider 46. Our analysis revealed that the surgical technologist and first assistant played the most significant roles within the team. The surgeon was ranked third followed by the circulating nurse and anesthesia provider, respectively. Operating time in robotic surgery is multifactorial. Experience of each member of a robotic surgery team is critical. An optimal team can be composed of a variety of combinations of experience levels among the robotic team members.
Childhood trauma as a predictor of changes in sleep quality in American Indian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract Background Early life adversity associates with poor sleep in adulthood and is believed to sensitize individuals to later stressors. Infectious disease outbreaks increase psychological stress, and life events impact sleep quality. American Indians have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective Investigate whether childhood trauma predicts changes in sleep quality following onset of the pandemic and test whether pandemic stress contributes to changes in sleep. Methods In a sample of 210 American Indian adults (Age M (SD) = 55.09 (13.10), 59.5% female) demographics, childhood trauma and sleep quality were measured at Time 1. One month following the onset of the pandemic, psychological stress specific to the pandemic and sleep quality were measured. Results Using linear regression controlling for age, sex, income, and sleep quality at Time 1, childhood adversity predicted both psychological stress specific to the pandemic and changes in sleep quality from Time 1 to Time 2 (β = 0.33, t(205) = 4.88, P Conclusions In American Indians childhood trauma predicts greater declines in sleep quality associated with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, in part because greater psychological stress related to COVID-19. Future work should identify factors which alleviate stress related to life events for individuals who experienced childhood trauma in order to improve health behaviors and health.
In the mind of the beholder: Narcissism relates to a distorted and enhanced self-image

Abstract To date, prominent theories still disagree on whether the pathological grandiosity that underlies narcissism stems from a defensive, compensatory process in response to insecurity or from years of unjustified overvaluation during formative stages of development. Across two studies, we introduce a novel method to test these theories by examining visual representations of self. In Study 1, we measured Self-Concept Clarity and the distortion of (n = 96) participants' self-images (generated using the reverse correlation technique) relative to their actual appearances. In Study 2, we then compared attractiveness ratings of the actual photographs of participants with their self-images generated in Study 1, through judgments made by independent raters (n = 45). Our work revealed that a) lower Self-Concept Clarity predicts self-image distortion, b) the narcissistic desire to conceal flaws mediates this association, and c) self-image distortion led to self-enhancement, consistent with a compensatory reaction to insecurity.
Chromosome segregation fidelity is controlled by small changes in phospho-occupancy at the kinetochore-microtubule interface

Summary Kinetochore protein phosphorylation promotes the correction of erroneous microtubule attachments to ensure faithful chromosome segregation during cell division. Determining how phosphorylation executes error correction requires an understanding of whether kinetochore substrates are completely (i.e. all-or-none) or only fractionally phosphorylated. Using quantitative mass spectrometry (MS), we measured phospho-occupancy on the conserved kinetochore protein Hec1 (NDC80) that directly binds microtubules. None of the positions measured exceeded ∼50% phospho-occupancy, and the cumulative phospho-occupancy changed by only ∼20% in response to changes in microtubule attachment status. The narrow dynamic range of phospho-occupancy is maintained by ongoing phosphatase activity. Further, both Cdk1-Cyclin B1 and Aurora kinases phosphorylate Hec1 to enhance error correction in response to different types of microtubule attachment errors. Thus, networks of kinases and phosphatases maintain low inherent phospho-occupancy to promote microtubule attachment to kinetochores while providing for high sensitivity of kinetochore-microtubule attachments to very small changes in phospho-occupancy to ensure high mitotic fidelity.
Alternative publication metrics in the time of COVID-19

Alternative metrics are unique bibliometrics comprising social, news, and other sources of media outside of traditional academic citations. Some have suggested that these metrics can complement tra...
The Use of Machine Learning for the Care of Hypertension and Heart Failure

Abstract Machine learning (ML) is a branch of artificial intelligence that combines computer science, statistics, and decision theory to learn complex patterns from voluminous data. In the last dec...
Inference of cell-type specific imprinted regulatory elements and genes during human neuronal differentiation

Genomic imprinting results in gene expression biased by parental chromosome of origin and occurs in genes with important roles during human brain development. However, the cell-type and temporal specificity of imprinting during human neurogenesis is generally unknown. By detecting within-donor allelic biases in chromatin accessibility and gene expression that are unrelated to cross-donor genotype, we inferred imprinting in both primary human neural progenitor cells (phNPCs) and their differentiated neuronal progeny from up to 85 donors. We identified 43/20 putatively imprinted regulatory elements (IREs) in neurons/progenitors, and 133/79 putatively imprinted genes in neurons/progenitors. Though 10 IREs and 42 genes were shared between neurons and progenitors, most imprinting was only detected within specific cell types. In addition to well-known imprinted genes and their promoters, we inferred novel IREs and imprinted genes. We found IREs overlapped with CpG islands more than non-imprinted regulatory elements. Consistent with DNA methylation-based regulation of imprinted expression, some putatively imprinted regulatory elements also overlapped with differentially methylated regions on the maternal germline. Finally, we identified a progenitor-specific putatively imprinted gene overlap with copy number variation that is associated with uniparental disomy-like phenotypes. Our results can therefore be useful in interpreting the function of variants identified in future parent-of-origin association studies.
The occurrence and crystal structure of foitite from a tungsten-bearing vein at Copper Mountain, Taos County, New Mexico

Foitite, anX-site-vacant tourmaline, occurs in both cross-fiber and slip-fiber textures with scheelite and wolframite in a quartzvein cutting metaquartzite of the Proterozoic Ortega Formation at the Tungsten (or Wichita) mine on Copper Mountain, PicurisRange, Taos County, New Mexico. The tourmaline is brown, and its indices of refraction e = 1.634(2) and o = 1.666(2). It isstrongly pleochroic, with E brown and O colorless. The density is 3.17(2) (meas.) and 3.20 glcm3 (calc.). Unircell parametersrefined from powder X-ray data are a 15.973,l), c 7.I37(I) A. and V 1576.8(2) Ar. The atomic arrangement of the CopperMountain foitite was refined to R = 0.018 using three-dimensional X-ray data. The sffuctural study confirms the low occupancyof the X site, and demonstrates that the atomic arrangement is essentially identical to that of the type material from southernCalifornia. Mtjssbauer specftoscopy shows that the iron is entirely ferrous, which indicates that the foitite crystallized at anoxygen fugacity below that of the quarlz - fayalite - iron buffer and, perhaps, as low as that of the iron wiistite buffer.Keywords: foitite, tourmaline, chemical composition, crystal structure, Copper Mountain, New Mexico.
The X-Ray to Mid-Infrared Relation of AGN at High Luminosity

The X-ray and mid-IR emission from active galactic nuclei (AGN) are strongly correlated. However, while various published parameterizations of this correlation are consistent with the low-redshift, local Seyfert galaxy population, extrapolations of these relations to high luminosity differ by an order of magnitude at nuL(nu)(6um) = 1e47 erg/s. Using data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, we determine the mid-IR luminosities of the most luminous quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and present a revised formulation of the X-ray to mid-IR relation of AGN which is appropriate from the Seyfert regime to the powerful quasar regime.
The Utility of Superoxide Dismutase in Studying Free Radical Reactions II. THE MECHANISM OF THE MEDIATION OF CYTOCHROME c REDUCTION BY A VARIETY OF ELECTRON CARRIERS

Abstract The rate of reduction of cytochrome c by the ferredoxin-TPN reductase of spinach or by chicken liver xanthine dehydrogenase is markedly augmented by a variety of electron carriers. Menadione, flavin mononucleotide, flavin adenine dinucleotide, N-methylphenazinium methosulfate, methylene blue, and 2,6-dichlorobenzenone indophenol were all effective. When cytochrome c reduction was mediated aerobically by menadione, flavin mononucleotide, or flavin adenine dinucleotide, superoxide dismutase was an inhibitor. When cytochrome c reduction was mediated by these same electron carriers in the absence of molecular oxygen, superoxide dismutase was without effect. When cytochrome c reduction was mediated by N-methylphenazinium methosulfate, methylene blue, or 2,6-dichlorobenzenone indophenol, superoxide dismutase was without effect whether or not oxygen was present. These results indicate that of these electron carriers only the reduced forms of menadione and of the flavins preferentially reduce O2 to the superoxide radical in the presence of cytochrome c. In the absence of cytochrome c, it was shown that reduced methylene blue is likewise capable of the univalent reduction of oxygen. In this case O-2 was detected by its ability to oxidize epinephrine to adrenochrome.
Herpesvirus saimiri strains from three DNA subgroups have different oncogenic potentials in New Zealand white rabbits

Abstract Herpesvirus saimiri is a primate tumor virus that induces acute T-cell lymphomas in New World monkeys. Strains of this virus have been previously classified into three groups on the basis of extreme DNA variability of the rightmost region of unique L-DNA. To compare the oncogenic potentials of various strains, we inoculated New Zealand White rabbits with viruses representing groups A, B, and C of herpesvirus saimiri. The results showed that a group C strain were highly oncogenic in New Zealand White rabbits; however, group A or B viruses were not oncogenic in these rabbits. Analysis of DNAs of tumor tissues and lymphoid cell lines established from tumors showed that the viral genome exists in circular episomal form. To identify which part of the genome of the group C strain is responsible for the highly oncogenic phenotype, group B-C recombinant strains were constructed by an efficient drug selection technique. Two group B recombinant strains in which the right-end 9.2 kilobase pairs of unique DNA is replaced by group C virus DNA were oncogenic in rabbits, indicating that the rightmost sequences contribute to the oncogenic properties of the group C strain. Oncogenicity of herpesvirus saimiri has been traditionally evaluated in New World monkeys; infection of rabbits with group C strain 484-77 offers a much more accessible animal model to study the mechanism of oncogenicity of this virus.
Catalyst deactivation in the H-coal process: Part 2: Deactivation in pdu runs

Abstract The changes in physico-chemical properties of catalysts used for coal lique-faction can dramatically affect the process performance. The catalysts used in two H-Coal PDU runs, the American Cyanamid HDS-1442A catalyst with Kentucky 11 coal (PDU run 9) and the Amocat 1A with Wyodak coal (PDU run 10), have been characterized by several techniques including surface area and pore volume, elemental and metal contaminant analyses (by AA and emission spectroscopy) and SEM and microprobe analyses (depth profiles of various contaminants). The results are compared on the basis of actual residence time of the catalyst in H-Coal PDU runs 9 and 10. Surface area and pore volume of the American Cyanamid HDS 1442A catalyst were reduced by about 95 and 90%, respectively, in 28 days; whereas, with the Amocat 1A sample, 60% of the surface area and 50% of the pore volume were retained over a 40 day period. The carbonaceous residue on both the catalysts increased rapidly and reached a steady state value in less than 10 days. Major metal contaminants of the catalyst included Fe and Ti; their concentration was higher for Kentucky coal than for Wyodak coal. The coke was uniformly distributed throughout the catalyst extrudate while the metal penetration was restricted to 200–300 μm of the outer surface of extrudate in both cases. The catalyst characterization data are correlated with process data from the PDU runs.
Dielectric Properties of Reduced Heterogeneous Silica-Titania Glasses

We have studied the frequency and temperature dependences of the dielectric properties of a heterogeneous silica–titania (SiO2–TiO2) glass by ac impedance spectroscopy measurements in the temperature range 25–700°C and the frequency range 40–107 Hz. The heterogeneous glass was prepared by the controlled heat treatment of a homogenous SiO2–TiO2 glass, containing ∼7.5 wt% TiO2, in a reducing atmosphere to create a microstructure consisting of many discrete particles of the rutile/anatase TiO2 phase dispersed in a homogeneous SiO2-rich glassy matrix. Unlike the homogeneous SiO2–TiO2 glass, which exhibited only one electrical/dielectric dispersion, presumably due to ion hopping, the heterogeneous glass material exhibited two distinct electrical responses in the impedance formalism. We attributed these contributions to the two-phase microstructure and explained the dielectric behavior in terms of the Maxwell–Wagner relaxation arising at the interfaces between the TiO2 crystals and the SiO2-rich matrix phase.
Glacier sliding at subfreezing temperatures

Nye’s theory of glacier sliding, when modified to incorporate Gilpin’s model of the liquid layer adjacent to foreign solids in ice, predicts non-zero sliding speeds at subfreezing temperatures. Although the predicted speeds are too small to affect glacier motion or even to be observed readily, the total distance of sliding of large glaciers should be adequate to produce bedrock striations. Dissolved solutes in the liquid layer increase the sliding speeds slightly. At temperatures below about – 1° C, 90% of the drag comes from the part of the bed-roughness spectrum at wavelengths between 0.2 and 20 mm regardless of solute concentration. If no more basal ice melts than refreezes (as in a cold glacier), the average liquid-layer thickness and, concomitantly, the sliding speed for given drag and roughness are governed by the ambient temperature. With net melting (as in a temperate glacier), on the other hand, they are governed by the rate of escape of the excess water and no conflict arises between the thickness requirement for run-off water flow and that for regelation water flow. Thus, the proper distinction is not between temperate and cold, but between net melting and no net melting. The theory applies to both cases.
Multiscale Modeling Of Crystalline Solids

Multiscale modeling and computation has recently become one of the most active research areas in applied science. With rapidly growing computing power, we are increasingly more capable of modeling the details of physical processes. Nevertheless, we still face the challenge that the phenomena of interest are oftentimes the result of strong interaction between multiple spatial and temporal scales, and the physical processes are described by radically different models at different scales.
Cultivation ofCalanus helgolandicus under controlled conditions

1.Calanus helgolandicus was grown from egg to adult in agitated seawater cultures at 15° C in the laboratory. 2. The chain-forming diatomsChaetoceros curvisetus, Skeletonema costatum, Lauderia borealis and the dinoflagellateGymnodinium splendens were offered as food. The concentration of food, resembling phytoplankton concentrations found in the ocean off La Jolla, ranged from 28µg to 800µg carbon per liter. 3. Depending on food quality and food concentration, the time from hatching to adulthood lasts between 18 and 54 days. Mortality from hatching to adulthood ranges from 2.3% to 58.2%. The length of adult females is directly related to the amount of food offered; it ranges from 3.03 mm to 3.84 mm. 4. The sex ratio in different batches of laboratory grown copepods varies considerably. The largest percentage of males (about 25%) was obtained withLauderia borealis orGymnodinium splendens as food source. 5. The fecundity of females grown and fertilized under laboratory conditions averages 1991 eggs per female with a hatching percentage of 84%. These values are close to those obtained from spermatophore-carrying females from the ocean (2267 eggs per female; hatching percentage 77%).
Microsystem controller for sensor network control and data correction

A microcontroller specifically tailored to the processing needs and energy budget of battery-powered sensor-based microsystems is described. The microsystem controller contains both a microprocessor core and a data computation engine to support the operation control and data processing needs common to sensor systems. The RISC microprocessor is capable of general-purpose control and data handling but also includes hardware blocks and instructions to facilitate sensor network communications. The configurable computation engine provides energy-efficient hardware for digital calibration and compensation of sensor data and supports general signal processing algorithms. The methodology, features and functionality, of the microsystem controller, are presented.
Clustering of Superstring Loops

The fragmentation of horizon crossing superstrings creates loops that accrete and bind to collapsing matter perturbations if the string tension is less than a critical value and if the loops are large-scale. For typical model parameters (velocity dispersion of newly formed loops, loop length distribution, etc.) the galactic loop density is greatly enhanced as compared to the universe's mean loop density. The limiting enhancement of loop (energy) density is 0.25-0.4 times the enhancement of cold dark matter (ratio of galaxy to universe's dark matter densities) and is fully achieved for dimensionless string tensions less than 10^-13 at galactic scales less than 100 kpc. The enhancement is substantial for any tension less than the critical value which is of order 10^-9. The fact that the string loop enhancement roughly tracks that of cold dark matter is a robust result for small tension and large-scale fragmentation. Experiments sensitive to the local Galactic population of loops, especially microlensing, should enjoy characteristic detection rates greatly boosted over homogeneous estimates.
Lightning talk: PyPop – a software pipeline for large-scale multilocus population genomics

PyPop (Python for Population Genomics) is an open-source framework for performing large-scale population genetic analyses on multilocus genotype and allele frequency data. It computes tests and measures of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (locus-level and individual genotype-level), linkage disequilibrum, and selection, and estimates multi-locus haplotypes. PyPop supplements and extends existing population genetic software incorporating them as modules, modified to accommodate highly polymorphic data, rather than reimplementing them from scratch. It facilitates evolutionary analyses by integrating population genetic statistics within and across populations.Originally developed to analyze the highly polymorphic genetic data of the human leukocyte antigen region of the human genome, PyPop has applicability to any kind of multilocus genetic data. It was the primary platform for evolutionary analysis of data collected for a major NIH-funded collaborative grant that included over 30 laboratories and 200 populations (Lancaster et al., 2007a,b). PyPop has also been successfully used in studies by our group, with collaborators, and in publications by many independent research teams in over 70 peer reviewed papers.PyPop deploys a standard Extensible Markup Language (XML) output format and integrates the results of multiple analyses on various populations that were performed at different times into a common output format that can be read into a spreadsheet. The XML output format allows PyPop to be embedded as part of larger analysis pipelines. It also features an Application Programming Interface (API) allowing functionality to be incorporated into other programs. This lightning talk will focus on recent features of PyPop which include the prefiltering of the input genotype data and the ability to translate arbitrary allele names into full amino acid or nucleotide sequences.All code is made available under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL):Homepage: http://www.pypop.org/References:Lancaster, A. K., M. P. Nelson, R. M. Single, D. Meyer, and G. Thomson, 2007a Software framework for the Biostatistics Core of the International Histocompatibility Working Group. In J. A. Hansen, editor, Immunobiology of the Human MHC: Proceedings of the 13th International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference, volume I. Seattle, WA: IHWG Press, 510-517.Lancaster, A. K., R. M. Single, O. D. Solberg, M. P. Nelson, and G. Thomson, 2007b PyPop update–a software pipeline for large-scale multilocus population genomics. Tissue Antigens 69 Suppl 1:192-7.
Risk of tear progression in nonoperatively treated small full-thickness rotator cuff tears: commentary on an article by Sandro F. Fucentese, MD, et al.: "Evolution of nonoperatively treated symptomatic isolated full-thickness supraspinatus tears".

Rotator cuff disorders are the most common cause of disability related to the shoulder. Despite a large amount of literature on the outcomes of surgical repair of rotator cuff tears, the indications for surgery still remain controversial and are not standardized. Dunn et al. reported on the variation in surgeons’ perceptions about the indications for the treatment of rotator cuff tears1. One of the most important reasons for the lack of consistent indications is the paucity of quality information on the natural history of rotator cuff tears that are treated nonoperatively. This paucity of information on the natural history of these tears is likely due to the fact that many tears are surgically treated after the development of symptoms. By attempting to understand the natural history of rotator cuff tears, we can gain insight into the etiology of the disease process, which factors contribute to tendon healing, when conservative care should be utilized, and when early surgical intervention is appropriate. This study by Fucentese et al. fills a niche in the current literature regarding …
Ultraviolet-enhanced photodetection in a graphene/SiO2/Si capacitor structure with a vacuum channel

We report photodetection properties of a graphene/oxide/silicon capacitor structure with a nanoscale vacuum channel. The photogenerated two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) inversion charges at SiO2/Si interface are extracted out to air and transported along the void channel at low bias voltage (<5 V). A monolayer graphene, placed on top of SiO2 and suspended on the void channel, is utilized as a photon-transparent counter-electrode to the 2DEG layer and a collector electrode for the out-of-plane transported electrons, respectively. The photocurrent extracted through a void channel reveals high responsivity (1.0 A/W at 633 nm) as measured in a broad spectral range (325–1064 nm), especially demonstrating a UV-enhanced performance (0.43 A/W responsivity and 384% internal quantum efficiency at 325 nm). The mechanisms underlying photocarrier generation, emission, and transport in a suspended-graphene/SiO2/Si structure are proposed.
Future Occurrence of Threshold-Crossing Seasonal Rainfall Totals: Methodology and Application to Sites in Africa

Abstract A statistical simulation framework is developed to explore the future frequencies of threshold-crossing events, focusing here on low seasonal rainfall totals. Global change (GC) is represented by a trend on the seasonal mean rainfall total. Natural decadal to multidecadal variability (MDV) is represented by an autoregressive process. Interannual variability (IV) of seasonal totals is represented by white noise with either a normal or skew normal distribution consistent with parameters observed in the historical record at the location being modeled. Monte Carlo simulations are undertaken for various combinations of the above components, and the authors evaluate the extent to which future event frequencies can be estimated from the statistics of previous years. The sample of four study locations used to illustrate the approach is drawn from the Millennium Villages Project in Africa, where the potential of index insurance as a development and adaptation tool has been considered, thereby bringing a t...
An assessment model for proof comprehension in undergraduate mathematics

Although proof comprehension is fundamental in advanced undergraduate mathematics courses, there has been limited research on what it means to understand a mathematical proof at this level and how such understanding can be assessed. In this paper, we address these issues by presenting a multidimensional model for assessing proof comprehension in undergraduate mathematics. Building on Yang and Lin’s (Educational Studies in Mathematics 67:59–76, 2008) model of reading comprehension of proofs in high school geometry, we contend that in undergraduate mathematics a proof is not only understood in terms of the meaning, logical status, and logical chaining of its statements but also in terms of the proof’s high-level ideas, its main components or modules, the methods it employs, and how it relates to specific examples. We illustrate how each of these types of understanding can be assessed in the context of a proof in number theory.
A complete solution to the existence and nonexistence of Knut Vik designs and orthogonal Knut Vik designs

Abstract Hedayat and Federer ( Ann. of Statist. 3 (1975), 445–447) proved that Knut Vik designs do not exist for all even orders. They gave a simple algorithm for the construction of such designs for all other orders, except when the order of the design is divisible by 3. The existence of Knut Vik designs of orders divisible by 3 was left unsolved by these authors. It is shown here that Knut Vik designs do not also exist for all orders divisible by 3. An easy algorithm based on a result of Euler is provided for the construction of orthogonal Knut Vik designs for all orders not divisible by 2 or 3. Therefore, we can say that Knut Vik designs and orthogonal Knut Vik designs of order n exist if and only if n is not divisible by 2 or 3. The results are based on the concepts of a super diagonal and parallel super diagonals in an n × n array, which have been introduced and studied for the first time here. Other relevant results are also given.
Input devices for web browsing: age and hand effects

The work reported in this paper examined performance on a mixed pointing and data entry task using direct and indirect positioning devices for younger, middle-aged, and older adults (n=72) who were experienced mouse users. Participants used both preferred and non-preferred hands to perform an item selection and text entry task simulating a typical web page interaction. Older adults performed more slowly than middle-aged adults who in turn performed more slowly than young adults. Performance efficiency was superior with the mouse for older adults only on the first two trial blocks. Thereafter mouse and light pen yielded equivalent performance. For other age groups, mouse and light pen were equivalent at all points of practice. Contrary to prior research revealing superior performance with a light pen for pure pointing tasks, these results suggest that older adults may initially perform worse with a light pen than a mouse for mixed tasks.
Waste not, even if it's free: an experimental explanation for apparently unprofitable promotions

This article highlights an intriguing finding that consumers are averse to wasting even items gotten for free, and provides waste-aversion as an explanation for the prevalence of store promotions that at first glance appear to be unprofitable to a store.
Reconstructing the size of the African American population by age and sex, 1930-1990.

We estimate the size of the African American population in five-year age groups at census dates from 1930 to 1990 using a three-part strategy. For cohorts born after 1935, we follow the U.S. Census Bureau in using classical demographic analysis. To estimate the size of cohorts born before 1895, we use extinct-generation estimates. For remaining cohorts, we implement an age/period/cohort model of census counts. All approaches are applied to a data set in which the age distribution of deaths has been corrected for age misreporting. Results provide strong confirmation of the basic validity of Census Bureau estimates of census undercounts for African Americans while extending estimates to new cohorts and periods. Our estimates are less consistent with an historical series prepared by Coale and Rives (1973).