cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aggressive cholesterol management: Role of the lipid nurse specialist

There are millions of people with coronary heart disease and tens of millions more who are at risk. Research reveals that aggressive cholesterol management, especially in patients with known coronary heart disease, reduces the incidence of clinical cardiac events and improves survival rates. A review of the literature reveals disturbing evidence that patients with dyslipidemia are not being treated according to the National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines. The need for lipid nurse specialists is real and growing; the challenge of managing care for patients with dyslipidemia is tremendous. Because the role of the lipid nurse specialist is relatively new, it is described in detail in this article. Nurses who desire to fight heart disease aggressively will find this area of nursing practice interesting, challenging, and rewarding. Nurses who facilitate the implementation of the National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines to the large numbers of patients with dyslipidemia offer a valuable public health service.
Summary of special topics presentations

Mallemala et al. [(1)][1]studied the effect of loss of social support on quality-of-life benefits after coronary revascularization in an observational study of 271 percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients and 224 coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients. The primary outcome measure was
Criminal justice theory: A case of trained incapacity?

Abstract Theories are scientific tools which give meaning to the social and physical reality that scientists study. They also play a crucial role in generating and storing the information of a discipline. The academic field of criminal justice has a wealth of facts but a dearth of theory. As a result, this field is still only partially developed. This article is a call for greater attention to theory so that the analysis of the criminal justice system and its components can be more fruitful. A survey of 25 criminal justice textbooks published since 1975 shows that the analysis of criminal justice retains a facts-without-theory flavor. For criminal justice as an academic field of study to grow, theory must be integrated much more into criminal justice research and education than has been the case. The theoretical frameworks of such social theorists as Durkheim, Marx, and Weber, among others, are suggested as sources to draw upon to develop an integrated comprehensive theory of the criminal justice system.
Light microscopic autoradiographic localization of [3H]substance P binding sites in rat thoracic spinal cord

We have used light microscopic autoradiography to look for the distribution of [3H] substance P receptors in the thoracic spinal cord of the rat. High densities of autoradiographic grains were localized to the intermedialateral cell column, the central canal and the substantia gelatinosa of the dorsal horn.
Some statistical methods useful in the analysis of plant paleoecological data

Historically, statistical methods have not been employed to full advantage in plant paleoecology. This is in part because some of the most useful methods can be found only in the technical statistical literature. In order to help remedy this situation, we examine four real problems to show how to use four statistical techniques: the chi-square test of independence, simultaneous confidence intervals, the measure of association X, and nonlinear regression analysis. For each problem, we describe the statistical method, analyze a set of paleoecological data, and discuss the meaning of the results.
Dihydrodiols and diol epoxides of dibenzo[a,i]-and [a,h]pyrene

Abstract Syntheses of dihydrodiols and highly mutagenic diol epoxides of the carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons dibenzo[a,i]-and [a,h]pyrene are described.
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma.

Dr. Michael Filbin: Today’s case is that of a 46-yearold woman found unconscious on the floor of her apartment by her boyfriend who immediately called 911. Upon paramedic arrival the patient was noted to be unresponsive, lying on the bedroom floor. The boyfriend told paramedics that she had a history of bipolar disorder for which she took Valproic Acid. She had not been depressed recently and had never made a suicide attempt in the past. She had no known drug allergies. She did not smoke, drink alcohol, or use illicit drugs. The vital signs on EMS arrival included a heart rate of 148 beats per minute (bpm), blood pressure of 90/60 mm Hg, and shallow respirations of 14 breaths per minute. The Glascow Coma Scale was noted to be 4, with eyes opening to painful stimulus but without verbal or motor response. Dr. Eric Nadel: Are there any questions or comments at this point? Dr. Theodore Benzer: In a 46-year-old female found unresponsive with a psychiatric history, a medication overdose is a likely etiology. Did you ask the medics whether empty pill bottles were evident at the scene? Valproic Acid in overdose leads to depressed consciousness and eventual coma, although I wouldn’t expect it to account for such a rapid heart rate. In any comatose patient, definitive airway control is of primary importance, and I would strongly consider immediate endotracheal intubation in this woman. I would also advocate cardiac monitoring to elucidate the nature of the tachycardia in addition to rapid determination of the blood glucose level. Empiric naloxone also should be given at this point. Dr. Filbin: There were no pills missing from her Valproic Acid bottle, and there was no evidence in the home that would suggest a toxic ingestion. The patient was next placed on a cardiac monitor by the paramedics and was found to have ventricular tachycardia (VT) at a rate of approximately 150 bpm (Figure 1). An 18-gauge intravenous (IV) line was placed and 500 cc of normal saline was administered as a bolus. Glucometry showed a blood glucose level exceeding 500 mg/dL. Lidocaine 100 mg IV was administered, and after 2 min she converted to a sinus rhythm at approximately 70 bpm (Figure 2). Her mental status remained depressed, and she was intubated for airway protection without complication. During transport to the hospital, she had another episode of VT that again resolved with an additional 100 mg bolus of lidocaine IV. A lidocaine drip was started at 2 mg per minute IV. Dr. David Brown: The paramedics might have initially opted for immediate synchronized cardioversion in this patient with VT, hypotension, and altered mental status. If medications are chosen as primary therapy, another option would have been to administer amiodarone, which recently has been added to the Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) guidelines for the management of VT and wide complex tachycardia of
Experimental Verification of Improved GPS-Measured Baseline Repeatability Using Water-Vapor Radiometer Corrections

We report a Global Positioning System (GPS) baseline measurement during which simultaneous water-vapor-radiometer (WVR) observations along the line of sight to NAVSTAR satellites were obtained. A single-wavelength GPS receiver (Macrometer? V-1000) and a WVR (developed by NOAA) were operated at each end of a 22km baseline near Boulder, Colorado, on three consecutive evenings in July 1983. The WVR's were pointed toward each satellite sequentially at 15-min intervals during GPS data acquisition. The baseline vector was calculated using both a conventional correction for tropospheric water vapor and phase corrections derived from WVR data. Single-, double-, and triple-difference processing of the GPS data were carried out, without fixing phase ambiguities to integer values. WVR corrections improved the repeatability of the baseline vector, systematically shortening the vertical and east-west components.
Rhythmic emergence of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae from Biomphalaria glabrata: control by illumination.

Abstract The rhythmic release of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae from Biomphalaria glabrata was studied. Reversal of emergence from diurnal to nocturnal periodicity was confirmed as by previous investigators. Similar experiments using a black pigmented strain of host whose shell and tissues are opaque, gave identical results. Exposure of snails to different portions of the light spectrum showed that cercarial release could be elicited by upper and lower ends of the visible range, as well as white light. A threshold intensity of approximately 100–200 ergs/cm2/sec was required to induce emergence. No relationship was found between conditions of illumination and temperature of snails or snail shells. It is concluded that the light-induced emergence of cercariae is initiated by light itself, and not by any change in temperature within the snail.
PocketQuery: protein–protein interaction inhibitor starting points from protein–protein interaction structure

PocketQuery (http://pocketquery.csb.pitt.edu) is a web interface for exploring the properties of protein–protein interaction (PPI) interfaces with a focus on the discovery of promising starting points for small-molecule design. PocketQuery rapidly focuses attention on the key interacting residues of an interaction using a ‘druggability’ score that provides an estimate of how likely the chemical mimicry of a cluster of interface residues would result in a small-molecule inhibitor of an interaction. These residue clusters are chemical starting points that can be seamlessly exported to a pharmacophore-based drug discovery workflow. PocketQuery is updated on a weekly basis to contain all applicable PPI structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank and allows users to upload their own custom structures for analysis.
Photochemical processes induced by a major warming of the upper atmosphere: Variations in mesospheric trace constituents

The temperature rise and enhanced winds during an upper atmospheric warming cause substantial changes in the high level ozone profile of the sunlit winter hemisphere. Calculations based on a photochemical model, using temperatures measured at Fort Churchill during a major warming, predict a factor of 2 variation in the ozone number density near 60 km over a time period of approximately 3 weeks. This temporal variability at a fixed location results from the planetary wave structure of the temperature field and reflects a similar longitudinal behavior at a given time. The ozone number density at fixed altitude is a maximum when the temperature is greatest at and below this level. This is due primarily to thermal expansion of the atmosphere which results in a large increase in pressure at constant altitude. However, chemical activity during a warming decreases the mesospheric ozone mixing ratio at fixed pressure. The ozone mixing ratio at constant pressure during the peak of the event studied is near 75% of its unperturbed value. The predicted variability of ozone in longitude and time demonstrates the need for hemispheric scale information on trace gas abundances, temperature, and winds in order to delineate adequately the response of upper atmospheric composition to a major perturbation.
Viscous diffusion of vorticity using the diffusion velocity concept

The primary purpose of this paper is to provide an evaluation of the diffusion velocity concept with regard to its ability to predict the diffusion of vorticity near moving walls as well as in unbounded two-dimensional space. We also briefly outline a "bi-zonal" wall model which utilizes the diffusion velocity concept and is compatible with vortex methods. A primary goal of this model is to minimize the number of vortices generated on the surface at each time step while achieving good resolution of the vorticity field near the wall. We have generated results for an initially square patch of vorticity in an unbounded domain, an impulsively started flat plate, an oscillating flat plate, uniform flow over a semi-infinite flat plate, and flow over a wedge. The simulations are found to give excellent results when compared to classical solutions of these problems.
Residual nodal disease after excisional biopsy of a palpable, positive node in melanoma

The medical records of 365 patients with the diagnosis of malignant melanoma who underwent axillary (n = 210) or groin (n = 155) dissection at a cancer referral center were reviewed. Sixty-one patients were referred after excisional biopsy of a palpable, histologically positive node. After node dissection, 75% of these patients were found to have additional, microscopically involved nodes, which confirms the advisability of node dissection after biopsy of a positive regional node.
Dealing in Toxins on the Wrong Side of the Tracks : Lessons from a Hazardous Waste Controversy in Phoenix

Objective. The controversial expansion of a hazardous waste facility in a poor, minority neighborhood in Phoenix illustrates the unanticipated consequences of siting hazardous facilities in vulnerable communities, and the need to recognize neighborhood health/safety issues such as drug-related crime as environmental justice struggles. Methods. Qualitative methods include participant observation, document analysis, Census data, GIS mapping, and interviews. Results. South Central Phoenix's history reveals a disproportionate share of poverty, pollution, and drug crimes. Most commercial hazardous waste facilities in Phoenix were sited in minority areas. Residents contended that the siting, permitting process, and expansion of the facility and the drug crimes that later occurred there were all due to environmental racism. Conclusions. The expansion of the facility exacerbated environmental injustice in Phoenix through distributional and participative injustice, and was criminogenic. The dual impact on the community of hazardous waste and drug crime argues for a more holistic understanding of environmental justice.
Formation of Free Choline in Brain Tissue during in vitro Energy Deprivation

Free choline and ATP contents were measured in Mongolian gerbil hippocampal slices (tissue) and incubation media (media) during exposure to 30 min of aglycemia, high potassium, anoxia, or ischemia. Changes in choline levels reflected the degree of energy reduction, lower ATP levels being associated with high choline (4-fold increase during exposure to high potassium and anoxia, and 11-fold increase during ischemia). Media (extracellular) choline was particularly affected and increased about twofold during relatively mild energy depletion (e.g., aglycemia), but tissue choline content was less sensitive to energy reduction. A plot of choline vs. ATP levels indicated a nonlinear correlation, and the sharp increase in choline occurred when ATP values fell to about 2.5 nmol/mg of protein. Inhibition of acetylcholine sterase by 10 μM physostigmine during ischemia did not prevent an increase in choline contents but rather enhanced them, indicating that acetylcholine hydrolysis was not the source of free choline....
Exact description of spectral correlators by a quantum one-dimensional model with inverse-square interaction.

The universal correlations which describe the response of energy levels of a disordered metallic grain to an arbitrary perturbation are shown to be equivalent to time-dependent correlations of a one-dimensional quantum Hamiltonian with inverse-square interaction. These resutls establish a direct connection between a strongly interacting quantum Hamiltonian, the nonlinear \ensuremath{\sigma} model of disordered electronic systems, and quantum chaotic spectra. As a consequence we have an expression for the correlation function of the quantum Hamiltonian which we believe to be exact for all space and time.
Cognitive dissonance during engineering design

We examined changes in engineering students' perceived challenges during a semester-long design project to identify the most salient challenges they experienced and when they occurred. We hypothesized that patterns in students' perceived challenges in key areas would take the form of multiple, overlapping waves reflective of the desire to stabilize the problem space. We collected longitudinal data from about 130 engineering students at five points during a semester, with some variation in sample size between time points. A series of Chi-square difference tests were conducted to examine changes in students' perceived challenges during the course of the project. The result of the study partially supports our hypothesized pattern of overlapping waves.
Near-zero modes in condensate phases of the Dirac theory on the honeycomb lattice

We investigate a number of fermionic condensate phases on the honeycomb lattice to determine whether topological defects (vortices and edges) in these phases can support bound states with zero energy. We argue that topological zero modes bound to vortices and at edges are not only connected, but should in fact be identified. Recently, it has been shown that the simplest $s$-wave superconducting state for the Dirac fermion approximation of the honeycomb lattice at precisely half filling, supports zero modes inside the cores of vortices [P. Ghaemi and F. Wilczek, arXiv:0709.2626 (unpublished)]. We find that within the continuum Dirac theory the zero modes are not unique, either to this phase or to half filling. In addition, we find the exact wave functions for vortex bound zero modes, as well as the complete edge state spectrum of the phases we discuss. The zero modes in all the phases we examine have even-numbered degeneracy, and as such pairs of any Majorana modes are simply equivalent to one ordinary fermion. As a result, contrary to bound-state zero modes in ${p}_{x}+i{p}_{y}$ superconductors, vortices here do not exhibit non-Abelian exchange statistics. The zero modes in the pure Dirac theory are seemingly topologically protected by the effective low-energy symmetry of the theory, yet on the original honeycomb lattice model these zero modes are split, by explicit breaking of the effective low-energy symmetry.
Market vs. administered Federal Reserve policy rates

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to contrast the discount and the Fed funds rates since 1990 and the variables that influence these rates. On the basis of quarterly data, since 1990, the primary determinants of the two policy rates are: the rate of inflation, the unemployment rate and rates on US Treasury securities, i. Design/methodology/approach – Ordinary least squares models are developed with autocorrelation removed. Findings – 12 per cent level in the Fed funds market rate models. The statistical significance of the coefficient of the spread between long-term and short-term Treasury rates is a projection of a recession one year in the future. The statistical significance of the coefficients for unemployment, one and two quarter the autocorrelation coefficients, adjusted R-square values and Durbin-Watson statistics are similar for the two policy rate models. Research limitations/implications – The major limitation is that monthly data are not available for further tests. Practical implications ...
Sapphire fiber interferometer for microdisplacement measurements at high temperatures

We report the use of a short-length, multimode sapphire rod as an extension to a Michelson configuration, but operated as a low-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity. We demonstrate the performance of such a device as an interferometric sensor, where the interference between the reflections from the sapphire-air interface and an air-metallic surface is observed for microdisplacement of the metallic surface which is placed close to the sapphire endface. We describe in detail the fabrication procedure and present results obtained from the detection of temperature changes, applied strain, and surface acoustic waves.
High-performance computing and communications

Abstract This paper has two parts. The first part discusses the US High-Performance Computing and Communications program — its goals, funding, progress, revisions, and research in high-performance computing systems, advanced software technology and applications, national research and education networking, information infrastructure technology, and basic research and human resources. The second part of the presentation covers specific work conducted under this program at Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne's efforts focus on computational science research, software tool development, and evaluation of experimental computer architectures. In addition, we describe collaborative activities at Argonne in high-performance computing, including an Argonne/IBM project to evaluate and test IBM's newest parallel computers and the Scalable I/O Initiative being spearheaded by the Concurrent Supercomputing Consortium.
Tag trails: navigation with context and history

We describe a technique for preserving and presenting context and history while navigating web resources described by keywords. We use tagging and tag clouds as an application area for our technique. The technique is illustrated by employing it in a prototype that interfaces data from a social tagging website used to bookmark academic articles. The prototype displays a "tag trail" which can reveal contextual connections between web resources and the associated tags. We argue that the user's understanding of web resources is aided by making such connections explicit.
Phytotoxicity of a UHF Electromagnetic Field

IT is known that ultra-high frequency (UHF) fields are selectively toxic to plants and seeds1, but the reasons for this have not been investigated. We have studied the way in which the toxicity of a UHF field is related to various parameters of seeds by observing the effect of the radiation on germination.
Portable system for intermediate-depth ice-core drilling

A lightweight, portable drilling system for coring up to 500 m depths has been developed and field-tested. The drilling system includes four major components: (1) an electromechanical (EM) dry-hole drill; (2) an ethanol thermal electric drill; (3) a drill set-up with a 500 m cable capacity; and (4) a controller unit. The system may be switched quickly from a dry-hole EM drill to an antifreeze thermal electric drill. This lightweight system makes ice-core drilling more cost-efficient, and creates a minimal environmental impact. The new EM drill, which recovers 100 mm diameter, 1 m long pieces of ice core, is 3.2 m long and weighs 35 kg. This drill and the drilling set-up were recently tested at the Raven (former Dye 2) site, southern Greenland, where a core was recovered to 122 m. The thermal drill is 2.9 m long and weighs 25 kg. It produces 100 mm diameter, 2.1 m long pieces of ice core, and was tested to 315 m in Franz Josef Land, Eurasian Arctic. The drilling set-up with a 250 m cable weighs about 100 kg (or 128 kg for 500 m of cable). After minor adjustments this drill system retrieved cores of better quality than those recovered by other drill systems under similar glaciological conditions. After adjustments to optimize its performance, the drill retrieved 5.25 m of core per hour over the depth range 0–21 m.
The Lessons of the Hole Argument

L'A. apporte une solution concernant le statut du determinisme dans les theories de l'espace-temps, au probleme de la comprehension des pretentions physiques d'une theorie souleve par le hole argument de J. Earman et J. Norton, selon lequel la theorie substantivaliste de l'espace-temps implique l'impossibilite absurde du determinisme, engageant un debat entre substantivalisme et relationnalisme
Four point photo-conductance (FPPC) monitoring array for speckle and fringe motion sensing

We report on the increase in frequency response of a semi-insulating GaAs Four Point Photo-Conductance (FPPC) remote vibration monitoring array. This simple, rugged device works by monitoring the lateral motion of an illumination pattern and has been demonstrated for remote, non-contact vibration sensing applications in the kilohertz regime at a distance over five meters. The FPPC sensor requires only a line-of-sight path to the object being probed (although later models are expected to work also with multimode fiber optics feed). Due to its construction and application to remote sensing, the FPPC device enables measuring vibrating bodies enclosed in a high temperature or pressure environment without adverse effects. This paper reports techniques for increasing the frequency response in these sensors. Experimental results will be given on sensors that have an approximate -3 db rolloff frequency of 10 kHz to 40 kHz. The performance improvements were achieved by replacing the opaque AuGe electrical contacts with transparent Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) contacts. These 80 nm thick films were deposited by RF sputtering at 3 mTorr Argon back pressure. Further frequency response improvements were obtained by increasing the array conductivity with background illumination from a red LED. These improvements are attributed to the reduction in lateral trapped space charge distribution across the active areas. The FPPC devices exhibited rise times of 1.5 microseconds and effective fall times of 100 microseconds. The pulse response exhibited tails with an underdamped oscillatory behavior; the damping increased with increasing background illumination.
Textural trend analysis of coastal barrier sediments along the Middle Atlantic Bight, North Carolina

Abstract Comparative polynomial trend analyses of textural parameters were conducted on adjacent foreshore, berm, and dune sediment populations along a coastal barrier chain of the Middle Atlantic Bight. The analyses indicate that systematic textural patterns exhibited by the barrier sediments consist of both regional trends and local cyclicity. The regional trends appear to reflect progressive variability of both the hydraulic and aeolian regimes. Variability of the hydraulic regime consists of a progressive southward increase in average wave energy, with a concomitant decrease in energy consistency; this is attributed to the coastal wave refraction pattern, and to a progressive southward decrease in shelf width. The aeolian regime is characterized by a constant average energy level along the barrier chain, but exhibits a progressive northward decrease in wind energy consistency, and a corresponding increase in winnowing efficiency. Local cyclicity along the barrier appears to reflect textural variations in the barrier source materials excavated from a heterogeneous Pleistocene substrate. The cyclic patterns suggest the presence of a buried ancestral Albemarle fluvial channel near the present mouth of Albemarle Sound. In developing systematic textural variations along the barrier, size characteristics of the source material appear to be the most influential factor, while the influences of both the hydraulic and aeolian regimes are subordinate. The berm and dune field environments are most amenable to the development of systematic variation, while the foreshore is most susceptible to random component variation.
Dynamics and control of multiple cooperating manipulators with rolling contacts

In this article, we investigate the control of multiple cooperating mechanisms manipulating a common object, with rolling contact between the end-effectors and the object. We derive new kinematic and dynamic formulations for the system, in which the rolling degrees of freedom between the end-effector and the object are modeled as one or more unactuated joints of the manipulator. Differential geometric concepts are used to interpret the curvature and torsion forms used in contact kinematic equations derived by Montana. The augmentation of the rolling contacts imparts each manipulator with additional degrees of freedom and could also make it kinematically redundant. This can be exploited for the satisfaction of a secondary subtask criterion such as collision avoidance, which is demonstrated in the examples. In addition, a control law can be specified that enables simultaneous control of the object trajectory, the internal forces in the object, and the trajectories of the contact points on the object or the end-effectors.
Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Stimulates Chloride Transport in Primary Cultures of Weanling and Adult Rabbit Colonocytes

Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Stimulates Chloride Transport in Primary Cultures of Weanling and Adult Rabbit Colonocytes
Factors Controlling the Reactivity of Catalytically Active Monolayers on Metal Substrates

The focus of this work is on the Pt/MS structures (MS = Au, Ir, Ru, or Pt substrate), as promising electrocatalysts and a prototype for more general systems: (active element monolayer)/(metal substrate) (AE/MS). We evaluate from first principles the effects of AE monolayer strain and the interlayer AE–MS electronic state hybridization on surface reactivity and reveal rationale for the interlayer hybridization to dominate over the strain effect in determining the AE/MS surface reactivity. We find, however, that, if AE is weakly bound to MS, the surface electronic structure does not suffice to characterize the surface reactivity, because of involvement of other factors related to lattice response to adsorption of a reaction intermediate. Guided by our findings, we trace surface reactivity to a newly introduced hybridization parameter that reflects important features of the electronic structure of the AE/MS surface, which are not taken into account in the original d-band center model.
A Review of Nutritional Factors in Hypertension Management

Hypertension is a major health problem worldwide. Its attendant morbidity and mortality complications have a great impact on patient's quality of life and survival. Optimizing blood pressure control has been shown to improve overall health outcomes. In addition to pharmacological therapies, nonpharmacological approach such as dietary modification plays an important role in controlling blood pressure. Many dietary components such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium have been studied substantially in the past decades. While some of these nutrients have clear evidence for their recommendation, some remain controversial and are still of ongoing study. Dietary modification is often discussed with patients and can provide a great benefit in blood pressure regulation. As such, reviewing the current evidence will be very useful in guiding patients and their physician and/or dietician in decision making. In this review article of nutritional factors in hypertension management, we aim to examine the role of nutritional factors individually and as components of whole dietary patterns.
Supporting license plate queries for first responders using the voiceLETS system

The need for delivering quick and accurate information to first responders, such as law enforcement officers, is important for providing them with the resources needed to do their jobs safely and effectively. The common method of information exchange from officers to emergency dispatchers is problematic in that response time and communicative consistency can result in inaccurate or untimely information. Although information requests by officers currently require the use of defined alpha codes to ensure the accuracy of vehicle license plate sequences, the proper use is inconsistent. We introduce in this paper an adaption of VoiceLETS, [1] which provides an algorithm to detect and predict license sequences without the use of alpha codes. Preliminary testing of this algorithm showed a 34.2% increase in the accuracy of tag query results. There was also a correction accuracy of 95.35% when the system attempted to correct misinterpreted characters within a query.Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee.ACMSE '10, April 15--17, 2010, Oxford, MS, USA
Vortex flux creep in polycrystalline YBCO following rotations in magnetic fields

Abstract The vortex flux creep was measured as a vector quantity in a polycrystalline YBCO disk after rotations of 180° and 360° in various fixed fields ( H ) at 4.2 K, and it was found to consist of two very distinct parts. One part is associated with the flux density component B R that rotates rigidly with the sample, and it corresponds to a vortex flux decay similar to that of the remanence. The other part is associated with the component B F that is initially at a fixed frictional angle relative to H , and it corresponds to an increase of vortex flux and a shift of its average direction towards that of H . The latter changes during a time interval of 20 min, relative to the initial magnitudes and directions of B F are especially large (over 20%) at low fields.
Band-optimized dispersion-shifted segmented core designs for specialized 1550-nm operation

With the availability of sources and detectors in the 1550-nm window, dispersion-shifted fibers in conjunction with conventional laser diodes can become attractive alternates for high-bit-rate long- repeater-spacing telecommunication systems. Various designs, including fibers with triangular index1 and segmented-core2 profiles, have been considered for this application.
The positive predictive value of a hyperkalemia diagnosis in automated health care data.

Purpose Our objectives were to determine performance of coded hyperkalemia diagnosis at identifying 1) clinically-evident hyperkalemia and 2) serum potassium ≥ 6 mmol/liter.
Gas-Film Effects in the Linear Pyrolysis of Solids

Linear pyrolysis of solids is investigated theoretically and experimentally to determine whether gas-film effects are important. A theory to explain the effects of the gas film is developed. The theory is used with experimental data on dry ice (solid phase CO2) to determine the magnitude of gas-film effects. It is found that there is a large temperature change across the gas film. This finding refutes the assertion of previous authors that gas-film effects are unimportant in the linear pyrolysis of solids. Nomenclature 6 = gas-film radius cp = specific heat at constant pressure e = base of natural logarithms E = activation energy h = specific enthalpy L = latent heat of evaporation or sublimation m = mass flux M = pre-exponential frequency factor in Arrhenius equation p = pressure q = heat flux r = radial distance variable R = specific gas constant Re = Reynolds number S = Sommerfeld number t = function defined in Eqs. (32) and (33) T = temperature u — radial velocity component w = axial velocity component W = weight of sample, holder, and loading weight "W = dimensionless weight z = axial distance variable X = thermal conductivity fj, = viscosity £ = T/TQ = dimensionless temperature p = density
Damned on arrival: A preliminary study of the relationship between homicide, emergency medical care, and race

This article examines the effect of racial differences in access to emergency transportation and subsequent medical care of assault victims on the chance that the victim would die and the assailant subsequently would be charged with homicide. Examination of female homicide offender records in Alabama from the 1930s to 1985 found a relationship between the race of the offender and the time of death of the victim. These findings suggest that racial differences in access to emergency transportation and subsequent medical care of her victim increased the chances that an African American assailant subsequently would be charged with homicide 24 percent more often than her Caucasian counterpart. Because of limitations in the first data set, the analysis was extended to homicide victims reported in the 1988 United States Mortality Detail Files. Analysis of the national victim data replicates the Alabama inmate findings. Extending the analysis by residence replicates the results for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan residences. Extending the analysis by cause of homicide finds the same difference among victims by gun, a larger difference among victims by cutting and piercing, and a smaller difference among victims by all other causes. Racial inequities in the administration of justice traditionally have focused on detecting bias in the administration of justice. These findings suggest that racial inequities in the delivery of medical care are responsible for a substantial portion of the racial differences in both victims and convictions for homicide.
Models of human social behavior and their application to health psychology

Abstract Theoretical models popular in the health domain differ in level of generality. Some were developed to deal with any human social behavior and then applied to health psychology, others were specifically designed to deal with health-related issues. Content-specific theories, such as the health-belief model and the perceptual-cognitive approach, outline in detail factors relevant for our understanding of health-related beliefs and actions. In contrast, it is only in the course of empirical research that content-free models, such as social cognitive theory and the theory of planned behavior, obtain the specific information required for understanding. Their advantage lies in their applicability across behavioral domains. Whether content-specific or content-free, the major utility of models developed to date has been to organize and communicate knowledge about health-related behavior. Few profound insights have as yet resulted from their application, with the possible exception of the recognition that ...
The involvement of the μ-opioid receptor in gastrointestinal pathophysiology: Therapeutic opportunities for antagonism at this receptor

The localization of opioid receptors and their endogenous peptide ligands within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and their role in the coordination of propulsion and secretion underscores the importance of opioid receptors in the maintenance of GI homeostasis. The peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonists alvimopan and methylnaltrexone (MNTX) are currently under investigation as therapeutic agents to treat the deleterious GI side effects associated with opioid administration. These compounds have demonstrated efficacy in numerous animal models of GI function, and clinical studies have revealed their efficacy in the treatment of postoperative ileus (POI) and opioid-induced bowel dysfunction. Preservation of opioid-mediated analgesia has been demonstrated for these compounds in both the preclinical and clinical settings. Future studies exploring the benefits of selective antagonism of the peripheral μ-opioid receptor in the treatment of other GI conditions may open new therapeutic opportunities for alvimopan and MNTX.
Proteins of interphase and metaphase chromosomes compared.

Abstract The histone and nonhistone proteins associated with interphase and metaphase chromosomes of HeLa cells have been compared. Chromatographic and disc electrophoretic studies establish that interphase and metaphase histones are similar. Metaphase chromosomes may be marginally richer in arginine-rich histones and poorer in lysine-rich histones than the interphase chromosomes. Histone III, which contains cysteine residues, occurs mainly in the reduced, monomeric form in interphase chromosomes. In metaphase chromosomes, these sulfhydryl groups are oxidized and histone III is either polymerized or complexed with acid-soluble nonhistone proteins through interpolypeptide disulfide bonds. Metaphase chromosomes contain acid-soluble proteins which are absent from interphase chromosomes. All of the additional acid-soluble proteins of metaphase chromosomes are shown to be nonhistones and it is concluded that the histone:DNA ratio is identical in interphase and metaphase chromosomes. The bulk of the acid-soluble nonhistone proteins of metaphase chromosomes was found to be polymerized through disulfide bridges; corresponding interphase nonhistone proteins display no evidence of similar polymerization. These facts may be related to the condensed state and metabolic inactivity of metaphase chromosomes.
Novel η^3- Vinylcarbene Complexes Derived from Ruthenium-Based Olefin Metathesis Catalysts

Electron-rich, disubstituted alkynes react with (H_2IMes)(PCy_3)(Cl)_2Ru═CHPh (1; H_2IMes = 1,3-dimesityl-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene) to form phosphine-free η^3-vinylcarbene complexes. An X-ray diffraction study on (H_2IMes)(Cl)_2Ru[η^3-(CHPh)(CPh)(CPh)] (2) confirms the unusual structure. These complexes are relevant to the mechanisms of olefin metathesis and alkyne polymerization.
Strain in ductile shear zones in the Caledonides of northern Sweden: a three-dimensional puzzle

Small-scale ductile shear zones are well developed in amphibolites of Caledonian nappes of the Swedish Lapland. Strain in the shear zones is recorded by the shapes of originally sub-equant aggregates of plagioclase feldspar. Classical strain analysis on two-dimensional (xz) profiles across the shear zones leads to results that indicate large volume losses associated with the shear strain. Large volume losses are, however, incompatible with geochemical analysis, which shows little chemical variation across the shear zones. By including data from xy and yz sections, information on the three-dimensional state of strain can be obtained. These data indicate that deformation is not confined to a two-dimensional plane—particle extension within the shear zone, parallel to the shear plane and perpendicular to the shear direction has also occurred. The state of strain and strain path in the shear zone can be modeled in a general way by combining stretches in x, y and z with simple shearing and volume loss. End member models correspond to plane strain with volume loss (kX=kY=1; kZ<1), ‘transpression’ (kX=1; kY=1/kZ), and pure shear (kX=1/kZ; kY=1). These models produce identical strain ratios and orientations on the xz section, but differ in stretch in y and in area of the strain ellipse on the xz section. Extension in y or x allows for reconciliation of the geometrical and geochemical data for part of an individual shear zone, but poses a problem of strain compatibility at the edges and terminations of the shear zones. The shear zones show a complex anastomosing pattern in three dimensions, and their connectivity provides a way in which strain compatibility is maintained.
The effects of streamline curvature and spanwise rotation on near-surface, turbulent boundary layers

A second moment closure model is used to study the mean fields and turbulence structure of spanwise rotating flows and flows with streamline curvature. The effects of flow stabilization and destabilization by rotation and/or curvature and their interpretation in terms of a Rayleigh instability mechanism are discussed in the context of the present model. When applied to the constant flux layer adjacent to a bounding surface, the model provides a similarity theory for flows with spanwise rotation and streamline curvature like that of Monin-Obukhov in the case of density stratified flows. In particular, it is shown that Bradshaw's empirical length scale correction can be derived in terms of the basic constants of the model determined in the absence of rotation and curvature. Also, direct comparisons with experimental data confirm the model predictions. The definitions of strong and mild curvature are discussed and a distinguishing criterion derived.
Using the Perry Scheme to Explore College Student Classroom Participation

Using Perry's Theory of Ethical and Intellectual Development as a framework, the purpose of this study was to identify the extent to which dualist, multiplist, and contextual relativist students differ in their in-class participation behaviors (i.e., asking questions, being willing to talk in class, and exhibiting an involvement in classroom interaction). Participants were 202 undergraduate students enrolled in two introductory communication courses at a large mid-Atlantic university. Results indicate that multiplist students ask more questions than dualist students, and contextual relativist students are more involved in classroom interaction than multiplist students.
Immobilization of CsCl and SrF2 in iron phosphate glass

Abstract A large part of the radioactive 137Cs and 90Sr stored at the Hanford site is present as CsCl and SrF2. Attempts to incorporate halides in borosilicate glass often produces immiscibility which is undesirable for immobilizing nuclear materials. Conversely, iron phosphate glasses have been made with up to 26 and 31 mol% CsCl and SrF2, respectively, and up to 34 mol% CsCl and SrF2 combined. These compositions are melted at temperatures as low as 950°C for 2 h and form fluid melts. The low melting temperature of the iron phosphate wasteforms reduces the probability that radioactive 137Cs will vaporize from the melt, which becomes increasingly likely at the higher temperature (⩾1150° C) used to melt borosilicate glasses. Analysis of the glasses produced in this study show that very little, if any, Cs and Sr was volatilized from the batches, although the majority of the halide is released during melting. All of the iron phosphate glassy wasteforms in the current study had a total ion release in distilled water of approximately 10 mg/l which is about one tenth that measured for the approved reference material (ARM-1), a reference borosilicate glass. The dissolution rate of the iron phosphate wasteforms in distilled water decreased with increasing iron content.
A Multi-Mesh Strategy for Continuum Topology Optimization under Correlated Uncertainties

A multi-mesh strategy is employed to reduce the computational costs associated with incorporating correlated uncertainties into structural topology optimization problems. Uncertainty quantification is achieved through an existing perturbation-based method. This method transforms uncertainties in stiffness, such as geometric and material property randomness, into an augmented deterministic topology optimization problem. Although the approach has proven quite efficient in general, the uncertainty sources are tied to the finite element analysis mesh. Computational costs then rise significantly when refining the finite element mesh in the presence of correlated random variables. We therefore propose separating the analysis and uncertainty mesh. The technique is evaluated on problems of expected stiffness with uncertainties in elastic modulus and compared to solutions found using the standard perturbation and Monte Carlo topology optimization algorithms.
Pattern of failure after high-dose thoracic radiation for non-small cell lung cancer: the University of Michigan experience

Purpose Our main purpose is to study the pattern of local failure for patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with conformal therapy.
Multivariate Order Statistics: Theory and Application

This work revisits several proposals for the ordering of multivariate data via a prescribed depth function. We argue that one of these deserves special consideration, namely, Tukey's halfspace depth, which constructs nested convex sets via intersections of halfspaces. These sets provide a natural generalization of univariate order statistics to higher dimensions and exhibit consistency and asymptotic normality as estimators of corresponding population quantities. For absolutely continuous probability measures in , we present a connection between halfspace depth and the Radon transform of the density function, which is employed to formalize both the finite-sample and asymptotic probability distributions of the random nested sets. We review multivariate goodness-of-fit statistics based on halfspace depths, which were originally proposed in the projection pursuit literature. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of halfspace ordering as an exploratory tool by studying spatial data on maximum and minimum temper...