cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are essential for FGF receptor signaling during Drosophila embryonic development.

The Drosophila sugarless and sulfateless genes encode enzymes required for the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans. Biochemical studies have shown that heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans are involved in signaling by fibroblast growth factor receptors, but evidence for such a requirement in an intact organism has not been available. We now demonstrate that sugarless and sulfateless mutant embryos have phenotypes similar to those lacking the functions of two Drosophila fibroblast growth factor receptors, Heartless and Breathless. Moreover, both Heartless- and Breathless-dependent MAPK activation is significantly reduced in embryos which fail to synthesize heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans. Consistent with an involvement of Sulfateless and Sugarless in fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling, a constitutively activated form of Heartless partially rescues sugarless and sulfateless mutants, and dosage-sensitive interactions occur between heartless and the heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic enzyme genes. We also find that overexpression of Branchless, the Breathless ligand, can partially overcome the requirement of Sugarless and Sulfateless for Breathless activity. These results provide the first genetic evidence that heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans are essential for fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling in a well defined developmental context, and support a model in which heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans facilitate fibroblast growth factor ligand and/or ligand-receptor oligomerization. SUMMARY
Liquid-semiconductor-based micro power source using radioisotope energy conversion

In this paper, we present a betavoltaic micro power source using liquid-semiconductor for the first time. We have fabricated and characterized a MEMS-based micro battery, which is powered by a radioactive source with a liquid-semiconductor-based Schottky diode. Semiconductor properties of liquid selenium are utilized with radioactive sulfur (35S) for direct power conversion. The radioisotope material is encapsulated with liquid semiconductor in a micromachined device. Experimental results show that maximum of 16.2nW can be harvested from the micromachined liquid semiconductor Schottky diode. A large open-circuit voltage of 899mV and short-circuit current of 0.107µA were also observed.
A 3D image-based rendering technique for mobile handheld devices

This paper presents an architecture for the rendering of 3D scenes on wireless and mobile devices that comprises a novel lightweight rendering algorithm and a fault tolerant local cache management mechanism. Both the rendering algorithm and the cache management mechanism are based on the interpolation model of image-based rendering. Our proposed algorithm places loose restriction on source camera placement and uses easily available source data. Results have shown that the rendering performance of the proposed algorithm is better compared to other known algorithms described in literature. Moreover, the achieved real-time response time obtained from the results makes our algorithm a promising solution for 3D rendering in wireless devices.
Functional Anatomy of the Mammalian Chemoreceptor System

The sensation of smell, which is elicited when odorous substances contact the receptor membranes, is perceived by the animal as a unitary experience affecting his behavior in one of two ways: attraction or withdrawal. However, if we study the anatomical substrate to this unitary experience which gives rise to specific behavioral responses, we find that more than one channel of sensory input is involved. The olfactory nerve itself is but one of these several channels. Each of the systems involved in odor perception is morphologically distinct having both its own peripheral distribution and discrete central projection.
Discordance Between Availability of Pharmacogenetics Studies and Pharmacogenetics-Based Prescribing Information for the Top 200 Drugs:

Background:Despite growing numbers of pharmacogenetics studies, little pharmacogenetics-based prescribing information is available to practitioners. It is possible that the lack of prescribing data for commonly used drugs is due to a paucity of evidence-based pharmacogenetics literature for these agents.Objective:To investigate the relationship between pharmacogenetics prescribing data in drug package inserts (Pls) and pharmacogenetics research literature for agents represented in the top 200 prescribed drugs for 2003.Methods:A PubMed search (to August 7, 2004) was performed to identify pharmacogenetics studies relevant to the top 200 drugs. These data were compared with Pls for drugs in the top 200 list that contained pharmacogenetics prescribing information.Results:Pharmacogenetics data in the literature were available for 71.3% of the top 200 drugs. The gene involved coded for a drug-metabolizing enzyme in 34.5% of the literature sampled. The remaining 65.5% of the pharmacogenetics studies contained in...
Regulation of isoprenoid metabolism in rat liver : near constant chain lengths of dolichyl phosphate and ubiquinone are maintained during greatly altered rates of cholesterogenesis

When rat liver slices were incubated with varying concentrations of [3H]mevalonolactone, the chain lengths of radiolabeled dolichyl phosphate and ubiquinone varied according to the initial mevalonolactone concentration, indicating that product chain length is dependent on the level of isoprenoid diphosphate intermediates. However, when livers were analyzed from rats which had been maintained on diets of either colestipol (which induces cholesterogenesis 3-fold), or normal chow, or cholesterol (which suppresses cholesterogenesis to 5% of normal) there were only minor changes in the isoprene distribution of either dolichyl phosphate or ubiquinone. In contrast, when rats were maintained on 2% cholesterol plus mevalonolactone (conditions prone to increase the levels of intermediates), the isoprene distributions of both of these compounds were greatly shifted to the higher homologs. However, under none of these conditions were the hepatic levels of these compounds changed significantly. It is concluded that under conditions of greatly altered cholesterogenesis, regulatory mechanisms exist which stabilize the levels of isoprenoid diphosphate intermediates, and that even when levels are increased (e.g., by dietary manipulation), the effect is only to alter isoprene distribution and not the rate of synthesis of dolichyl phosphate and ubiquinone.
Fully relativistic self-consistent field under a magnetic field

We present a gauge-invariant implementation of the four-component Dirac-Hartree-Fock method for simulating the electronic structure of heavy element complexes in magnetic fields. The additional cost associated with the magnetic field is shown to be only 10-13% of that at zero field. The Dirac-Hartree-Fock wave function is constructed from gauge-including atomic orbitals. The so-called restricted magnetic balance is used to generate 2-spinor basis functions for the small component. The molecular integrals for the Coulomb and Gaunt interactions are computed using density fitting. Our efficient, parallel implementation allows for simulating the electronic structure of molecules containing more than 100 atoms with a few heavy elements under magnetic fields.
Inpatient pharmacological sleep aid utilization is common at a tertiary medical center.

BACKGROUND Sleep is known to be poor in the hospital. Patients frequently request pharmacological sleep aids, despite the risk of altered mental status (delirium) and falls. Little is known about the scope of pharmacological sleep aid use in hospitalized patients. METHODS We performed a single center, retrospective review of all patients admitted to the general adult (age >18 years) medical and surgical units of a tertiary care center during a recent 2-month period (January 2013–February 2013). Review of the electronic medication administration system was performed to assess for medications administered for sleep. RESULTS Of 642 unique admissions, 168 patients (26.2%) received a medication for sleep. Most (n = 115, 68.5%) had no known history of insomnia or regular prior sleep medication use. Patients most frequently were treated with trazodone (30.4%; median dose, 50 mg; range, 12.5–450 mg), lorazepam (24.4%; median, 0.5 mg; range, 0.25–2 mg), and zolpidem tartrate (17.9%; median, 10 mg; range, 2.5–10 mg). Of the medications given, 36.7% were given early (before 9 pm) or late (after midnight). Of patients not known to be previously taking a pharmacological sleep aid, 34.3% of them were discharged with a prescription for one. CONCLUSIONS Despite increasing evidence of risks such as delirium or falls, pharmacological sleep aid use in general wards remains common, even in elderly patients. Medication administration time is frequently suboptimal. Many previously sleep medication-naive patients leave the hospital with a sleep aid prescription. Further research is needed to understand the factors that contribute to the high rate of sleep medication use in hospitalized patients. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:652–657. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Antidepressant Self-Discontinuation: Results From the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys

Objective:The goal of this study was to examine the extent and correlates of self-discontinuation of antidepressant medications without physician advice.Methods:Among 1,411 participants of the nationally representative Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys who reported using antidepressants in the past year, sociodemographic and clinical correlates of self-discontinuation of medication without physician advice or approval were examined, along with participants’ reasons for discontinuation.Results:A total of 313 (22%) antidepressant users in the preceding year reported discontinuing their antidepressant medication without physician advice or approval. Older individuals had reduced odds of self-discontinuing antidepressants. Participants with an anxiety or substance use disorder and those prescribed an antidepressant by a provider other than a psychiatrist had higher odds of self-discontinuation. Participants with public insurance had lower odds of self-discontinuation than those with private insur...
An efficient path-oriented bitvector encoding width computation algorithm for bit-precise verification

Bit-precise verification with variables modeled as bitvectors has recently drawn much interest. However, a huge search space usually results after bit-blasting. To accelerate the verification of bit-vector formulae, we propose an efficient algorithm to discover non-uniform encoding widths We of variables in the verification model, which may be smaller than their original modeling widths but sufficient to find a counterexample. Different from existing approaches, our algorithm is path-oriented, in that it takes advantage of the controllability and observability values in the structure of the model to guide the computation of the paths, their encoding widths and the effective adjustment of these widths in subsequent steps. For path selection, a subset of singlebit path-controlling variables is set to constant values. This can restrict the search from those paths deemed less favorable or have been checked in previous steps, thus simplifying the problem. Experiments show that our algorithm can significantly speed up the search by focusing first on those promising, easy paths for verifying those path-intensive models, with reduced, non-uniform bitwidth encoding.
Caenorhabditis elegans NPR-1-mediated behaviors are suppressed in the presence of mucoid bacteria.

Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits a diverse range of behaviors in response to bacteria. The presence of bacterial food influences C. elegans aerotaxis, aggregation, locomotion, and pathogen avoidance behaviors through the activity of the NPR-1 neuropeptide receptor. Here, we show that mucoid strains of bacteria that produce an exopolysaccharide matrix do not induce NPR-1–dependent behaviors. In the presence of mucoid strains of bacteria, the C. elegans laboratory wild-type (WT) strain N2 exhibits behaviors characteristic of wild isolates and mutants with reduced NPR-1 activity. Specifically, N2 exhibits lawn bordering and roaming behavior on mucoid nonpathogenic bacteria and loss of pathogen avoidance on mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Alginate biosynthesis by laboratory and clinical isolates of mucoid P. aeruginosa is necessary and sufficient to attenuate NPR-1–mediated behavior and it suppresses C. elegans pathogen avoidance behavior. Our data suggest that the specific interaction with nonmucoid bacteria induces NPR-1–dependent behaviors of C. elegans. These observations provide an example of how exopolysaccharide matrix biosynthesis by a community of bacteria may inhibit specific host responses to microbes.
The Potential Economic Impacts of Bovine Somatotropin Use on Regional and State Economies in Virginia

This study indicates that the overall economies of both Virginia and Rockingham County, Virginia, can expect reduced total industrial output, personal income, property income, total income, value added, and jobs from increased milk production and decreased consumption attributed to the adoption of bST by dairy farms. The authors use a marginal exogenization approach that allows specific examination of the distribution of impacts among the various sectors due to the impacts of the technological change for both a large and a small geographical region. The results of this study provide guidance to policy makers as they develop plans to ease the transition of technological change.
Leucine pool sizes in the fat body of ovariectomized and vitellogenically active adult Acheta domesticus (L.)

Hemolymph and intracellular fat body leucine were extracted from 10-day-old ovariectomized adults and sham-operated females and were isolated by thin layer chromatography. Leucine pool sizes in both tissues were estimated by a double label-dansylation procedure. Ovariectomy had no effect on the hemolymph leucine pool size, but the total intracellular fat body leucine pool size was greater in intact than in ovariectomized females. The postinduction rates of vitellogenin synthesis in the fat bodies of ovariectomized and sham-operated females are discussed in the context of these data. A mechanism responsible for the lowered leucine pool size in the fat body of ovariectomized crickets remains to be identified.
Discussion Procedures and Decision-Making Performance: A Test of a Functional Perspective.

This study sought to obtain empirical data that either directly supports or refutes the “functional” perspective advanced by recent group decision-making theorists. Specifically, the study attempted to test the general claim that the group's satisfaction of critical task-achievement functions (or requisite conditions) is a better predictor of decision-making performance than the discussion procedures it employs in arriving at a decision. A total of 48 three-member groups were randomly assigned to one of four different discussion formats. The groups were trained to use their assigned format in arriving at a decision regarding a human relations case. Two-way ANOVA revealed no significant main effect for “discussion format,” but a significant main effect for “satisfaction of requisite conditions.” No interaction effect was discovered. The findings thus offer strong support for the “functional” perspective. Other analyses indicated that the satisfaction of certain requisite conditions may be more important than others in determining group decision-making success.
Control of Uterine Activity and Prevention of Premature Birth

With regard to mortality, morbidity, and sequelae, there is no problem in obstetrics, if indeed in medicine in general, comparable to that of premature birth. Pediatricians have made admirable progress in the care of premature infants and have significantly reduced neonatal mortality, but even the best and most intensive care is inferior to maintaining the fetus in utero until maturity. In the prevention of premature birth, the obstetricians have had only limited success.
African American Men’s Personal Sense of Mastery: The Consequences of the Adolescent Environment, Self-Concept, and Adult Achievement:

Using longitudinal data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, the objective of this article is to examine which factors over the life course contribute to African American males’personal sense of mastery. Although adolescent poverty does not appear to hamper the adult mastery of African American men, results show that consequential adolescent variables are parental educational attainment, region of origin, self-esteem, and educational aspirations. The analysis also suggests that current adult achievement (e.g., educational attainment and earnings) is also a significant determinant of adult mastery in African American males. This finding indicates that, despite the absence of economic and interpersonal resources in adolescence, African American males may be able to compensate for such deprivation through individual achievement—which directly affects personal mastery.
Precision Measurements Using a 300 mV Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer

We have developed a Josephson digital-to-analog converter, otherwise know as a Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer, with 300 mV peak output voltage. This is the first system of its kind with demonstrated quantum accuracy. We show precision synthesized waveforms from dc to 100 kHz with measured distortion and harmonic content below 115 dBc (dB below the carrier or fundamental). The heart of the system is a superconducting microwave integrated circuit with two Josephson junction arrays biased in parallel for the microwave drive and connected in series to double the voltage for the audio frequency output waveforms. New superconducting integrated circuits with twice as many stacked junctions and improved microwave circuits have allowed us to more than double the output voltage of our recent system. We also demonstrate that quantum-based synthesized arbitrary waveforms (not just sine waves) can be used for precision measurements of a high-performance commercial analog-to-digital converter.
An optimized delay testing technique for LSSD-based VLSI logic circuits

In this paper, an optimized delay testing technique used in level sensitive scan design (LSSD) circuits is described. Methods of improving delay test effectiveness in four different logic groups of six LSSD test chips are illustrated. Comparison of two delay testing measurements using gross strobe timing and per-pin strobe timing are demonstrated in terms of product quality level. >
Extending OSSE beyond numerical weather prediction to new areas in Earth observing science

An Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE), briefly stated, is a computational system designed to quantitatively assess the impact of proposed scientific observations. OSSEs allow one to examine how well specific science objectives can be met within a controlled environment where one can simulate the quality of data expected based on observation characteristics, instrument parameters, data retrieval methods, associated uncertainties, errors, and trades among design constraints. The numerical weather prediction community (NWP) has developed and utilized OSSEs to understand the impact of instrument designs and new measurements on numerical forecasts over the last 40 years. Now, there is a growing interest in applying OSSEs as a mechanism for systematic analysis and science evaluation for future observations of interest to the Earth science community. Examples include precise measurements of earth surface deformation, ice dynamics, ecosystem structure, and atmospheric chemistry. In this paper we introduce OSSE and describe the benefits and impact of the approach along with current work and future plans to apply OSSE for science analysis in various Earth science disciplines.
Predicting Conflict in Space and Time

The prediction of conflict constitutes a challenge to social scientists. This article explores whether the incorporation of geography can help us make our forecasts of political violence more accurate. The authors describe a spatially and temporally autoregressive discrete regression model, following the framework of Geyer and Thompson. This model is applied to geo-located data on attributes and conflict events in Bosnia over the period from March 1992 to October 1995. Results show that there is a strong spatial as well as temporal dimension to the outbreak of violence in Bosnia. The authors then explore the use of this model for predicting future conflict. Using a simulation approach, the predictive accuracy of the spatial—temporal model is compared to a standard regression model that only includes time lags. The results show that even in a difficult out-of-sample prediction task, the incorporation of space improves our forecasts of future conflict.
The Role Of Guatemalan Crisis Management Attitudes In Foreign Direct Investment Initiatives

Improvements in communication, transportation, and technology continue to drive business globalization. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is one way in which firms can globalize. Although firms seeking FDI opportunities may investigate the commercial, economic, political, and natural resource environment of the potential host country, cultural issues including crisis management attitudes are sometimes overlooked. This study reviews crisis management considerations, investigates attitudes of indifference displayed by Guatemalan businesses with respect to crisis management, and discusses the implications for firms seeking FDI opportunities in Guatemala.
Site-Selective Reactions with Peptide-Based Catalysts

The problem of catalyst-controlled site-selectivity can potentially require a catalyst to overcome energetic barriers larger than those associated with enantioselective reactions. This challenge is a signature of substrates that present reactive sites that are not of equivalent reactivity. Herein we present a narrative of our laboratory's efforts to overcome this challenge using peptide-based catalysts. We highlight the interplay between understanding the inherent reactivity preferences of a given target molecule and the development of catalysts that can overcome intrinsic preferences embedded within a substrate.
TwittDict: Extracting Social Oriented Keyphrase Semantics from Twitter

Social media not only carries information that is up-to-date, but also bears the wisdom of the crowd. In social media, new words are developed everyday, including slangs, combinations of existing terms, entity names, etc. These terms are initially used in small communities, which can later grow popular and become new standards. The ability to early recognize the existence and understand the meanings of these terms can prove to be crucial, especially to emergence detection applications. We present an ongoing research work that investigates the use of topical analysis to extract semantic of terms in social media. In particular, the proposed method extracts semantically related words associated with a target word from a corpus of tweets. We provide preliminary, anecdotal results comprising the semantic extraction of five different keywords.
A comparative study of filicidal and abusive mothers.

It is generally believed that some abusive parents if untreated eventually kill their children and "the murder of a child is the final chapter in his history of maltreatment." Yet only few authors have investigated the homicide of abused children. In this paper the authors report on a study of 8 filicidal and 52 abusive mothers referred to them by courts for pre-trial psychiatric evaluation. They found that there were significant differences between the two groups in that all (100%) of the filicidal women suffered from a major psychiatric illness before and at the time of committing the murder of their child while only 4 (7.7%) abusive mothers had a major psychiatric illness (x2 = 24.41, df = 1, p less than .001). They conclude from this study that the filicidal mothers are different from abusive mothers and that the risk of fatality as a complication of child abuse increases significantly when the mental illness is present in the mother. They point to the implications of their findings for child protection and intervention procedures and suggest that one should act very vigorously and take the child into protective custody when the mother is found to have a major psychiatric illness. Language: en
Biological networks: modeling and structural analysis

Biological networks are receiving increased attention due to their importance in understanding life at the cellular level. There exist many different kinds of biological networks, and different models have been proposed for them. In this dissertation we focus on suitable network models for representing experimental data on protein interaction networks and protein complex networks (protein complexes are groups of proteins that associate to accomplish some function in the cell), and to design algorithms for exploring such networks. Our goal is to enable biologists to identify the general principles that govern the organization of protein-protein interaction networks and protein complex networks. For protein complex networks, we propose a hypergraph model which more accurately represents the data than earlier models. We define the concept of k-cores in hypergraphs, which are highly connected subhypergraphs, and design an algorithm for computing k -cores in hypergraphs. A major challenge in computational systems biology is to understand the modular structure of biological networks. We construct computational models for predicting functional modules through the use of graph clustering techniques. The application of earlier graph clustering techniques to proteomic networks does not yield good results due to the high error rates present, and the small-world and power-law properties of these networks. We discuss the various requirements that clusterings of biological networks are required to satisfy, design an algorithm for computing a clustering, and show that our clustering approach is robust and scalable. Moreover, we design a new algorithm to compute overlapping clustering rather than exclusive clustering. Our approach identifies a set of clusters and a set of bridge proteins that form the overlap among the clusters. Finally we assess the quality of our proposed clusterings using different reference sets.
Rethinking progesterone regulation of female reproductive cyclicity

The progesterone receptor (PGR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor with key roles in the regulation of female fertility. Much has been learned of the actions of PGR signaling through the use of pharmacologic inhibitors and genetic manipulation, using mouse mutagenesis. Characterization of rats with a null mutation at the Pgr locus has forced a reexamination of the role of progesterone in the regulation of the female reproductive cycle. We generated two Pgr mutant rat models, using genome editing. In both cases, deletions yielded a null mutation resulting from a nonsense frame-shift and the emergence of a stop codon. Similar to Pgr null mice, Pgr null rats were infertile because of deficits in sexual behavior, ovulation, and uterine endometrial differentiation. However, in contrast to the reported phenotype of female mice with disruptions in Pgr signaling, Pgr null female rats exhibit robust estrous cycles. Cyclic changes in vaginal cytology, uterine histology, serum hormone levels, and wheel running activity were evident in Pgr null female rats, similar to wild-type controls. Furthermore, exogenous progesterone treatment inhibited estrous cycles in wild-type female rats but not in Pgr-null female rats. As previously reported, pharmacologic antagonism supports a role for PGR signaling in the regulation of the ovulatory gonadotropin surge, a result at variance with experimentation using genetic ablation of PGR signaling. To conclude, our findings in the Pgr null rat challenge current assumptions and prompt a reevaluation of the hormonal control of reproductive cyclicity.
Gel Electrophoresis and X-ray Fluorescence: A Powerful Combination for the Analysis of Protein Metal Binding

Understanding the complex biochemical mechanisms that underlie the regulation, toxicity, and protein binding of metal ions requires the ability to analyze the metal content of individual proteins in complex mixtures. In this issue of ACS Chemical Biology, a technique combining gel electrophoresis with synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging demonstrates a rapid and powerful solution for simultaneously examining multiple proteins and metal ions of interest. The resulting technique is broadly applicable, does not require specialized equipment for sample preparation, and is likely to be extensible in the future.
“The University that Ate Birmingham” The Healthcare Industry, Urban Development, and Neoliberalism

In Birmingham, Alabama, in 1987, a white conservative movement arose in opposition to build a new healthcare clinic in downtown through the use of eminent domain. Critics claimed the Kirklin Clinic reflected urban corruption and the privatization of the public sphere. Municipal officials and white economic elites argued that the clinic secured the city’s economic transition from industrialization to healthcare. The clinic, however, was the manifestation of a twenty-year campaign to privatize healthcare services in a public university as well as the result of market shifts in healthcare disbursement policies. Neoliberal governance guided this urban economic development project. The controversy over the clinic reveals the ideological and class tensions among metropolitan whites, as well as conservatives’ demands for their inclusion and the recognition of their rights by the municipal government.
Dirac Theory: Relativistic Quantum Theory of Spin-1/2 Particles

In relativistic theories, it will be useful to use a four-vector space-time formulation. We shall use the conventions of J. D. Bjorken and S. D. Drell, Relativistic Quantum Mechanics, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964. (These are also the conventions used by J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, New York: John Wiley, 1967.)
Analysis on skin patch test results for 180 patients with dermatitis or eczema

Objective To study major local allergens in Lishui District for providing better prevention and treatment of allergic skin diseases.Methods Ruimin brand skin patches were applied to 180 patients with allergic skin diseases(106cases of facial dermatitis,47 cases of hand eczema and 27 cases of vulva eczema)and 36 healthy controls for skin patch test.Results Positive rate of patient with allergic skin disease was 74.44%,which was higher than that of control group(2.78%)(χ2=66.58,P0.01),no significant difference was observed among 3groups of patients.Common local allergens were nickel sulfate(23.89%),Kaba mixture(20.00%),aromatic mixture(19.44%),potassium dichromate(17.22%)and para-diamine benzene matrix(13.89%).More than half cases from 3patient groups revealed≥2positive allergens.Significant difference was observed in skin patch test results between male and female for allergens such as Kaba mixture(33.33%,13.82%)and aromatic mixture(12.28%,22.76%).Conclusion Nickel sulfate,Kaba mixture,aromatic mixture,potassium dichromate and para-diamine benzene matrix are the main allergens for local dermatitis and eczema patients in Lishui District.
Enhanced Physical Activity Improves Selected Outcomes in Children With ADHD: Systematic Review

This review examines associations between physical activity (PA) and cognitive, behavioral, and physiological outcomes in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We reviewed studies on participants ≤18 years old, published in English between January 1998 and December 2014, in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Reviews. Twenty-six studies were grouped into two categories: those that did and did not account for effects of ADHD medications. The first category showed lower levels of PA and improved cognitive and behavioral outcomes in youth whose ADHD was treated with medications. The second category showed a positive association between PA levels and cognitive and behavioral outcomes in youth whose ADHD was not treated with medications. For both categories of studies, results were inconclusive regarding physiological outcomes. Randomized controlled trials are needed to better clarify the relationship between PA and outcomes in youth with ADHD, and particularly to understand the impact of ADHD medications on that relationship.
Effect of Soluble Antigen on the Ellipsoid‐Associated Cells of the Chicken's Spleen

The ellipsoid-associated cells (EAC) localize on the surface of the ellipsoid. They bind the IV injected horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), migrate to the red pulp and then enter the systemic circulation. After protein injection, the number of white blood cells increased above the normal level. The highest number of white blood cells occurred between 4 and 6 hr after HRP injection. In this period, the cell enhancement resulted in HRP-positive mononuclear cells which might come from the spleen. This cell population may vary in size and number in the blood and may be identical with the dendritic cell of the chicken. The other type of blood mononuclear cell is histologically identical with the classical monocyte endogenous peroxidase positive type and their number is lower than that of the former. This type of monocytic (MN) cell could be of bone marrow origin.
Proinflammatory actions of derivatives of the β amyloid precursor protein

The first genetic lesions associated with Alzheimer’s disease were in the coding sequence of the β amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) [1]. Although these mutations account for a small proportion of familial Alzheimer (FAD) cases, they conceptually solidified the link between this protein and the pathology of the disease. As the source of the amyloid β peptide (Aβ) that accumulates in plaques, βAPP had garnered attention for several years. The mutations were immediately presumed to contribute to disease by modifying Aβ production, but increased understanding of the bioactivities of βAPP itself have led to models that do not depend on Aβ for Alzheimer pathogenesis. Both Aβ and non-amyloidogenic derivatives of βAPP can have an impact on proinflammatory glial activation. Indeed, the role of inflammatory reactions in Alzheimer’s has been lent additional credence by indications of such reactions in mice transgenic for βAPP. These interactions will be reviewed and discussed here in the context of cell biology; protein-protein interactions between Aβ and α2-macroglobulin or components of the complement cascade are addressed in accompanying chapters of this volume.
Kürzeste Wege und Routenplanung

Bisher haben wir uns damit beschaftigt, einen Graphen unter minimalen Kosten (minimale Kantengewichte) aufzuspannen. Dabei mussten alle Knoten erreicht werden.
EPR Spectroscopic Characterization of a Jahn‐Teller Distorted (C3v→Cs) Four‐Coordinate Chromium(V) Oxo Species

Metal-oxo coordination compounds have garnered significant interest over the years. The reactivity of the metal-oxo bond is governed by the geometry, charge, spin state, and identity of the other ligands. In this report, we characterize a distorted C3v-symmetric CrV-oxo complex that has unique magnetic properties, compared with all other known chromyl species. Continuous wave and pulse electron paramagnetic resonance were used to measure the molecular g-values and 53Cr and 17O hyperfine interactions. Analysis of density functional theory results and the g and hyperfine tensors, in the context of a crystallographically observed Jahn-Teller distortion, suggests an electronic structure that results from the mixing of two sets of doubly degenerate orbital states. This mixing is only made possible by the approximate three-fold symmetry of the ligand set.
Roles of Environmental Pollution and Pesticides in Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes: The Epidemiological Evidence

Various environmental contaminants have been studied for associations with diabetes or altered glucose metabolism. The epidemiological evidence from observational studies has shown that some chemicals are associated with diabetes. Various persistent organic pollutants have been studied with conflicting results. The most robust evidence linking any specific contaminant to diabetes is from the literature on pesticides. Limited evidence refuting reverse causality has been found for certain persistent organic pollutants and pesticides. Bisphenol A has not been sufficiently studied to claim a link with diabetes; studies suggest that further investigation is warranted. Air pollution and smoking have been studied for a link with diabetes with conflicting results. Studies on the association between toxic metals and diabetes are limited to mainly cross-sectional studies with inconsistent results. There is sufficient epidemiologic evidence linking environmental contaminants and diabetes from multiple cross-sectional or small studies to warrant further investigation using large-scale longitudinal studies with extended follow-up.
ACR appropriateness criteria® adjuvant management of early-stage endometrial cancer

These consensus guidelines on adjuvant radiotherapy for early-stage endometrial cancer were developed from an expert panel convened by the American College of Radiology. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria® are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer-reviewed journals and the application of well-established methodologies (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method; and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation, or GRADE) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment. After a review of the published literature, the panel voted on three variants to establish best practices for the utilization of imaging, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy after primary surgery for early-stage endometrial cancer.
Association Between the Publication of Clinical Evidence and the Use of Bariatric Surgery

The purpose of this study was to assess whether publication of clinical evidence was associated with increased utilization of bariatric surgery. We systematically searched the literature (1994 to 2008) to identify studies on bariatric surgery. We sorted the evidence by publication date and citation frequency. We linked the published evidence to data from the Kaiser Permanente Washington (KPWA) on 1421 bariatric surgery cases and 45,665 medically managed patients with severe obesity to assess the association between evidence and use of bariatric surgery. We used an interrupted time series analysis with a control group to estimate the association. In secondary analyses, we examined the association with accumulating major clinical evidence, the type of evidence, and stratification by influential tiers. A total of 9913 papers were identified and the top 100 cited papers were initially selected. After inclusion criteria were applied, 35 papers were selected. We selected the fourth quarter in 2004 as the exposure based on publication for the two studies with the largest number of citations. Compared to the projected secular trend, the publication of those two major articles was associated with 50 additional cases of bariatric surgery performed per 100,000 eligible individuals per quarter. In our secondary analyses, higher quality evidence (e.g., RCTs) and more highly cited evidence were each associated with a greater probability of receiving bariatric surgery. For patient members of the KPWA with severe obesity, publication of clinical evidence was associated with increased use of bariatric surgery. This finding suggests that publication of higher quality positive clinical evidence may influence utilization.
Three or Four Heteroatoms including at least One Other Element

Five-membered group III and IV metallocycles with three or four heteroatoms received considerable attention in recent years both from academic and industrial communities. Although most of these compounds have ‘traditional’ X–M–Y fragment in which metal ion is bounded to two Lewis base centers X and Y, there has been an exponential increase in the synthesis and characterization of heterocycles with M–C, M–M, and M–M–X bonds. Such structural variations along with broad choice of organic ligands, that is, aromatic, aliphatic, partially conjugated, etc., lead to a large variety of heterocycles partially described in this chapter. Different combinations of M–C, M–M, and M–X bonds determine chemical properties, synthetic routes, and applications of these metallocycles. Although most current research has been concentrated on synthetic routes for the preparation of the metallocycles of interest, there is growing interest in application of these systems toward biological problems (antimicrobial and anticancer activities) and industrial catalytic processes (alkene and alkyne polymerization reactions).
Array Codes as LDPC Codes

An area of great interest for LDPC codes is the use of structured constructions rather than random constructions. These include graph theoretic approaches, such as the constructions by Margulis [Mar82] and Tanner [Tan00]. Ramanujan graphs are considered by Rosenthal and Vontobel [RV00] and finite geometries are used by Kou, Lin and Fos-sorier [KLF00]. The regular structure can be used to guarantee distance properties, improve cycle characteristics or simplify the implementation.
COMPUTERS: TECHNOLOGICAL MIRACLE AND SOCIETAL FAILURE?

This article probes areas of social responsibility which have been neglected in the computer field. The computer industry, one of the largest and fastest growing, has great impact on our society since the computer pervades practically every organization unit and every occupation. The authors point out some of the detrimental aspects of computers and isolate areas needing constructive improvement by the computer industry and computer users. Also, they identify some of the possible steps that should be taken to overcome the lag in social responsibility in the computer field.
Neural network models for the learning control of dynamical systems with application to robotics

In this paper, two new brain-like control methodologies have been suggested. The significance of the designs rests in the novelty and simplicity of their architectures. The methodologies have several promising attributes that make them very feasible solutions to current problems in system control. First of all, the controllers mimic the functions of the cerebellum for the learning and control of voluntary movements. That is, these controllers learn the inverse-dynamics of the system by repeated trials of a given task, hence allowing the dynamic systems to track trained trajectories almost perfectly. But above that, with these controllers, systems can perform untrained trajectories quite satisfactorily. The schemes also have good adaptation capabilities which allow the controllers to respond to unexpected disturbances.
DUALITY THEORY FOR QUASI-INJECTIVE MODULES

The objective of this article is to characterize a quasi-injective module in terms of the duality it determines.
Elevatedde novofatty acid biosynthesis gene expression promotes melanoma cell survival and drug resistance

Elevated de novo fatty acid biosynthesis (DNFA) is a hallmark adaptation in many cancers that supports survival, proliferation, and metastasis. Here we elucidate previously unexplored aspects of transcription regulation and clinical relevance of DNFA in melanomas. We show that elevated expression of DNFA genes is characteristic of many tumor types and correlates with poor prognosis. Elevated DNFA gene expression depends on transcription factor SREBP1 in multiple melanoma cell lines. SREBP1 predominantly binds to the transcription start sites of DNFA genes, directly regulating transcription via RNA polymerase II recruitment and productive elongation. We find that SREBP1-regulated DNFA represents an intrinsic survival mechanism in melanoma cells, regardless of proliferative state and oncogenic mutation status. Indeed, malignant melanoma cells exhibit elevated DNFA gene expression after pro-survival signaling pathways are blocked (e.g. by the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib). Altogether, these results implicate SREBP1 and DNFA enzymes as enticing therapeutic targets in melanomas.
Periodic and quasiperiodic dynamics of optoelectronic oscillators with narrow-band time-delayed feedback

We present a detailed study of instabilities arising in optoelectronic oscillators with a single narrow-band time-delayed feedback loop. Such optoelectronic oscillators produce periodic solutions and may be useful as high-purity signal generators, but their nonlinear dynamics sets limits on available signal amplitudes. Starting from an integrodifferential model, we utilize approximate analytic solutions to find the stability boundaries of the periodic solutions as well as regions of multistability. Our analytical predictions are confirmed by numerical simulations and experiments.
Parent Concerns in Developmental Screening May Suggest Maternal Depression

Background: Parent concerns (PC) about child development may be indicative of maternal depressive symptoms (DS), especially when child is found to have normal development. However, relationship between PC and DS has been understudied, especially in common screening tools like the Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS). Purpose: Determine whether maternal DS is associated with presence/#/type of PC elicited in PEDS screening. Methods: …
Jury Selection Procedures

The starting point in jury selection is sending a jury summons, which calls prospective jurors to the courthouse. Yet relatively few eligible citizens are successful in finally entering the jury box. Before they reach the courthouse, most prospective jurors are screened out by a variety of legal and extralegal factors.
Practical lithography hotspot identification using mask process model

Design weak points, or “hotspots” remain a leading issue in advanced lithography. These often lead to unexpected critical dimension (CD) behavior, degradation of process window and ultimately impact wafer yield. Industry technology development focus on hotspot detection has included full chip lithography simulation and machine learning-based hotspot analysis. Most recently, the machine learning approach is gaining attention because it is faster and more practical than lithography simulation-based hotspot detection. The machine learning case is a feedback approach based on previous known design hotspots. Conversely, the simulation method has the benefit of proactively detecting hotspots in a new design regardless of historical data. However, full chip simulation requires resources in calculating time, computing power and additional time-to-market that render it impractical in some scenarios. As design rules shrink, advanced mask designs have significantly increased in complexity due to Resolution Enhancement Techniques (RET) such as Source Mask Optimization (SMO), advanced Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) and high transmission attenuating mask films. This complicates hotspot detection by existing OPC verification tools or rigorous lithographic simulation with wafer resist model. These resultant complex mask geometries make OPC optimization and hotspot detection using post design very difficult. In this paper, we will demonstrate the limitation of traditional hotspot detection technology. Typical OPC tools use simple techniques such as single Gaussian approximations on the design, such as corner rounding, to take the mask process impact to the geometry into account. We will introduce a practical lithography hotspot identification method using mask process model. Mask model-based hotspot detection will be used to precisely identify lithography hotspots and will provide the information needed to improve hotspots’ lithographic performance.