cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RFLP and RAPD analysis of in vivo genetic interactions between strains of Helicobacter pylori.

Background. The nature of the in vivo interactions between co-colonizing strains of Helicobacter pylori has not been well studied. This study was designed to investigate the in vivo interaction between strains of H. pylori using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP) and random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting (RAPD) analysis. Materials and Methods. Mice were orally inoculated with either a single strain or a mixture of strains, and killed at various time intervals up to 12 months after inoculation. Results. Inoculum and recovered bacteria were identified by RAPD and RFLP. After 12 months of colonization, bacteria recovered from mice given a single strain were identical to the inoculum. In contrast, bacteria recovered from mice given a mixture of strains developed minor but consistent differences in their RAPD patterns. This variation occurred in spite of the fact that only single strains were recovered from mice given a mixture of strains. Conclusion. These findings support the development of genetic heterogeneity of H. pylori during long-term colonization either by genetic drift or by in vivo recombination. Such genomic modification in vivo could explain the naturally occurring heterogeneity of H. pylori.
The cavity-chaperone Skp protects its substrate from aggregation but allows independent folding of substrate domains

Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Gram-negative bacteria are synthesized in the cytosol and must cross the periplasm before insertion into the outer membrane. The 17-kDa protein (Skp) is a periplasmic chaperone that assists the folding and insertion of many OMPs, including OmpA, a model OMP with a membrane embedded β-barrel domain and a periplasmic αβ domain. Structurally, Skp belongs to a family of cavity-containing chaperones that bind their substrates in the cavity, protecting them from aggregation. However, some substrates, such as OmpA, exceed the capacity of the chaperone cavity, posing a mechanistic challenge. Here, we provide direct NMR evidence that, while bound to Skp, the β-barrel domain of OmpA is maintained in an unfolded state, whereas the periplasmic domain is folded in its native conformation. Complementary cross-linking and NMR relaxation experiments show that the OmpA β-barrel is bound deep within the Skp cavity, whereas the folded periplasmic domain protrudes outside of the cavity where it tumbles independently from the rest of the complex. This domain-based chaperoning mechanism allows the transport of β-barrels across the periplasm in an unfolded state, which may be important for efficient insertion into the outer membrane.
A model for the atomic layer epitaxy of GaAs

Abstract A simple model for the self-limiting Ga deposition by trimethylgallium in the atomic layer epitaxy of GaAs is proposed. The model features both the site blocking of adsorbed CH 3 groups on the surface and the surface-stoichiometry-dependent desorption of CH 3 Ga. It successfully reproduces both the self-limiting Ga deposition at temperatures below a critical temperature and its failure at higher temperatures.
Microcontroller-Based Experiments for a Control Systems Course in Electrical Engineering Technology

A microcontroller-based system is used to illustrate experimental concepts in a Control Systems course in an Electrical Engineering Technology program. Students are able to experiment with different control strategies ranging from an open-loop to PID control. Students are asked to reason and discuss the benefits and drawbacks associated with each strategy. The microcontroller system has been chosen to minimize the learning curve for the students in such a way that they are mostly concerned with acquiring and representing the appropriate signals from the system as well as experimenting with changing the parameters of the system in each case.
The Inherent Premise of Immunotherapy for Cancer Dormancy

Clinical cancer dormancy is evident from the detection of circulating tumor cells in the blood and tissue-residing disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow of cancer survivors who have been clinically disease free. Emerging evidence from clinical and preclinical studies suggests that tumor dormancy is a critical step in the development of both primary cancer and advanced-stage disease. In this review, it is shown that (i) naturally occurring tumor dormancy precedes occurrence of primary cancer, and (ii) conventional cancer therapies result in treatment-induced tumor dormancy, which in turn could lead to distant recurrence of cancer or permanent tumor dormancy, depending on immunogenic status of dormancy. Given that cellular dormancy is an evolutionary conserved survival mechanism in biologic systems, any stress or cytotoxic therapy could trigger cellular dormancy. Therefore, a successful cancer therapy is likely to be achieved by establishing permanent tumor dormancy and preventing distant recurrence of cancer or by eliminating dormant tumor cells. This could be accomplished by cancer immunotherapy because of the establishment of long-term memory responses. Cancer Res; 74(23); 6745–9. ©2014 AACR.
Interdisciplinary Characterizations of Models and the Nature of Chemical Knowledge in the Classroom

(2004). Interdisciplinary Characterizations of Models and the Nature of Chemical Knowledge in the Classroom. Studies in Science Education: Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 105-138.
Self-Organization of Radio Lobe Magnetic Fields by Driven Relaxation

In active galaxies, minimum energy estimates based on the observed radio emission suggest that 10% or more of the total gravitational energy released by the collapse of a supermassive black hole is deposited into lobe-scale magnetic fields and relativistic particles, roughly in equipartition. It is proposed here that the underlying physical process inside the lobe is magnetic self-organization by driven relaxation, rather than a traditional magnetohydrodynamic dynamo. There are two forms of magnetic self-organization. The extreme form of Taylor relaxation is similar to a driven harmonic oscillator, in which a resonance in spatial frequency constrains the input magnetic energy and helicity to the lowest order relaxation mode, commonly known as a spheromak in laboratory plasmas. The general form of magnetic self-organization takes into account the intrinsic nonlinearity of a driven plasma, which can access relaxed states beyond the spheromak resonance. This is a particularly useful physics description for radio lobe plasmas, which are likely overdriven. The degrees of self-organization can be quantified by a spectral energy analysis over the spatial distribution of the magnetic field. The preferred self-organized states can be characterized by a principal component analysis using a projection onto the fundamental relaxation modes that are unique to a given radio lobe morphology.
Clonal analysis of the vertebrate CNS

Abstract The central problem of early development of the nervous system is how different regions become determined and morphological and histological patterns are formed. Regional determination occurs as a result of cell lineage, cell position and induction 1–3 . Here we consider the role of cell lineage in pattern formation in the vertebrate central nervous system. The questions we ask are how lineages become different according to the positions of ancestral cells in the early embryo, how cell fates become restricted by their lineage from different ancestral cells, and how the restrictions are expressed during formation of morphological and histological patterns in the central nervous system. Clonal analysis of the frog embryo is starting to yield answers to those questions.
Survey of tissue diagnostic services in U.S. dental schools-1990

Tissue diagnostic services in U.S. dental schools were surveyed to determine activities during 1990. Results were compared with those of similar surveys conducted in 1953, 1958, 1969, 1975, 1980, and 1985. The information gathered from this survey reveals a progressive growth and development of tissue diagnostic services. This is seen not only in the increased numbers of biopsy accessions, which increased by 37% since the last survey, but is also reflected in the diversity of services now offered by oral pathologists.
Natural convection flow visualization in porous media

Abstract Flow visualization experiments were conducted in water saturated porous media in a rectangular cavity heated from the vertical walls. Two different glass (6 mm and 12mm) beads were used. In general, the natural convection currents were found to be weak in the presence of smaller glass beads. When both the wall temperatures were above the density inversion temperature of water (4°C), unicellular flow was observed. The flow was bicellular when one of the walls of the cavity was below and the other was above 4°C. When both the wall temperatures were below 4°C, the flow could not be visualized for the effects of diffusion were stronger than convection.
Stress, Social Support and Coping in Pregnancy Taking Gender and Ethnicity into Account

The social support literature, despite its focus on women's strengths in relationships, has not fully addressed the social realities of women of diverse ethnic backgrounds and socio economic conditions. Specifically, the emphasis on marital relationships as primary sources of support during pregnancy marginalizes those women for whom these partnerships are unhelpful or unavailable. In addition, women's greater use of social support as a coping strategy is often portrayed in the coping literature as an ineffective approach to stress. Data from two studies of pregnant women are presented to illustrate these points and to present a new model of coping that reframes women's coping as prosocial, active and effective. Our article is designed to challenge researchers to examine the relevance of work on social support and coping to women of varying ethnicities and economic circumstances.
Combustion of unsupported water-in-n-heptane emulsion droplets in a convection-free environment

Abstract Results of an experimental study are reported for combustion of unsupported n-heptane droplets emulsified with water burning while levitated in microgravity where the effects of external convection are negligible. The results are compared to a pure heptane droplet and a mixture of two miscible liquids (methanol/dodecanol) burning under similar low convection conditions. The effect of water concentration on flame luminosity and sooting tendency, preferential vaporization of the emulsion components, and the role of the emulsifying agent in promoting disruptive burning were examined. The photographs showed less sooting for the emulsions relative to pure heptane, and a preferential vaporization process was revealed from the image analysis by an abrupt change in the vaporization rate. A period exists near the end of burning during which the droplet diameter is nearly constant, followed by a disruptive burning event. A quasi-steady complex chemistry analysis with variable properties shows that a frozen evaporation mode occurs after an initial delay period during which heptane is evaporating from the droplet. Predicted and measured burning rates are in good agreement during this later period.
Functional polarization of tumour-associated macrophages by tumour-derived lactic acid

Macrophages have an important role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. To perform this function, macrophages must have the capacity to monitor the functional states of their 'client cells': namely, the parenchymal cells in the various tissues in which macrophages reside. Tumours exhibit many features of abnormally developed organs, including tissue architecture and cellular composition. Similarly to macrophages in normal tissues and organs, macrophages in tumours (tumour-associated macrophages) perform some key homeostatic functions that allow tumour maintenance and growth. However, the signals involved in communication between tumours and macrophages are poorly defined. Here we show that lactic acid produced by tumour cells, as a by-product of aerobic or anaerobic glycolysis, has a critical function in signalling, through inducing the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and the M2-like polarization of tumour-associated macrophages. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this effect of lactic acid is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α). Finally, we show that the lactate-induced expression of arginase 1 by macrophages has an important role in tumour growth. Collectively, these findings identify a mechanism of communication between macrophages and their client cells, including tumour cells. This communication most probably evolved to promote homeostasis in normal tissues but can also be engaged in tumours to promote their growth.
Tachyarrhythmias in Myocardial Infarction

Tachyarrhythmias occur in about one third of patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), and may precipitate serious consequences when they arise. Mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis in MI are imperfectly understood, but five categories of factors contributing to ectopic tachycardias are discussed. These include metabolic, anatomic, autonomic, hemodynamic, and iatrogenic causes. Each of the atrial, junctional, and ventricular tachyarrhythmias is briefly considered, and therapy is outlined. Prevention of tachyarrhythmias and prompt treatment when they occur have substantially reduced mortality in acute MI, and constitute a primary objective of coronary care. However, better understanding of mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis, better systems of automated monitoring, and better modes of therapy, especially antiarrhythmic drugs, are urgently needed.
Protection Provided by Hepatitis B Vaccine in a Yupik Eskimo Population—Results of a 10-Year Study

A hepatitis B virus vaccine demonstration project was conducted in southwest Alaska in 1981-1982 to determine the immunogenicity and efficacy of the vaccine. A total of 1630 susceptible persons in the Alaskan Native population were vaccinated with the recommended three-dose regimen of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine, and 94% demonstrated antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) at levels > or = 10 mIU/mL. After 10 years of follow-up, 76% of those immunized had anti-HBs levels > or = 10 mIU. During the 10 years following the first dose of vaccine, 13 study participants developed antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (10 vaccine responders, 3 nonresponders), and none developed sustained HBs positivity or had clinical hepatitis. These data suggest that immunization with hepatitis B vaccine continues to provide high levels of protection from clinical disease for at least 10 years.
Enzyme-based fiber-optic device for the determination of total and free cholesterol

Abstract A fiber-optic device for the determination of total and free cholesterol was developed. Cholesterol oxidase and cholesterol esterase are co-immobilized on a preactivated nylon membrane. The membrane is fixed around the common end of a bifurcated fiber-optic bundle. After immersion of the fiber with the membrane in the sample cell, which contains diammonium 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate), peroxidase and the cholesterol sample, the enzymatic reactions take place. The cholesterol concentration can be related to the intensity of the color development with kinetic evaluation. The result of one measurement is obtained within 2 min. The present method was compared with an enzymatic procedure based on the Trinder reaction by assaying 28 human serum samples.
Pressurometric titrations with xenon trioxide as oxidant.

Abstract The reaction of XeO 3 with thirteen reducing agents was studied qualitatively. From these, Fe(II) and Ti(III) were chosen for direct titration with XeO 3 with pressurometric end-point detection. The precision was a few parts per thousand. Evidence was found for the production of oxygen during both titrations, and of hydrogen peroxide formation during the Ti(III) reaction. The Ti(III)/Xe reacting ratio was independent of the amount of Ti(III) from 35.5 to 87.7 μmole and was 5.93 ± 0.03 instead of the expected 6.00. The ratio for the Fe(II) reaction varied from 5.85 to 5.95 over the Fe(II) range from 10.05 to 78.7 μmole. The stoichiometric ratio for the iodometric standardization of XeO 3 solutions was confirmed as 6.00.
Coral populations in a rapidly changing environment

Contemporary coral populations are being forced to survive through disturbances at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Understanding disturbances in the context of ecological processes may lead to models that accurately predict population trajectories. Few studies examine the key ecological processes that drive changes on reefs. Processes of major interest include reproduction, recruitment, post-settlement mortality, coral growth, fragmentation, and mortality. These population processes are dependent on macro-processes, such as predation and herbivory, which in turn vary in accordance with regional oceanography. Some coral-reef regions experience high-frequency temperature anomalies, whereas other regions experience low-frequency anomalies. It may turn out that corals in the high-frequency regions are also most likely to undergo rapid directional selection, and adapt to climate change, because only alleles experiencing persistent selection pressure may attain high frequency. Yet corals are clonal organisms and the same genotypes are often exposed to different environments and to different selective pressures. Therefore, when comparing coral-population trajectories across regions and oceans, it is critical to understand the key processes of corals within local, regional, and historical contexts.
Dissociation between Degree of Iodination and Iodoamino Acid Distribution in Thyroglobulin

The iodoamino acid distribution in thyroglobulin is known to be largely determined by the degree of iodination of the protein. Data presented in this communication indicate that the degree of iodination is not the sole determinant of iodoamino acid distribution. This was shown in two different incubation systems employing purified thyroid peroxidase, which is known to catalyze both iodination and coupling in thyroglobulin. In one system, iodination and coupling were measured simultaneously. In the other, coupling alone was measured in the absence of iodination. Formation of both T3 and T4 was markedly stimulated in both systems by the addition of very low concentrations of free diiodotyrosine (DIT; 0.1–1.0 /IM), without a significant change in the degree of iodination. The increase in T3 and T4 was demonstrated both with 131I-labeling and with RIA techniques. Formation of T3 was preferentially increased, especially at lower levels of iodination, resulting in an increase in the T3:T4 ratio. Experiments wit...
Intrinsic localized modes in nonlinear photonic crystal waveguides: Dispersive modes

Abstract A discussion is given of the theory of intrinsic localized modes (ILM) for nonlinear waveguide impurities in photonic crystals. Particular attention is made to the determination of the dispersion relation of propagating ILM modes. Both even- and odd-parity ILM modes are considered.
Gene therapy of hypertensive vascular injury

Hypertension and vascular injury usually require prolonged treatment, and compliance is a key to efficacy for pharmacologically-based antihypertensive therapy. Gene therapy has the potential to be long lasting, with few side effects. Recent studies have provided promising results, in which hypertension can be treated by either augmentation of vasodilation or inhibition of vasoconstriction through gene transfer in experimental models. Gene transfer is also becoming useful for the study of mechanisms of physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions, including hypertension. In this mini-review, we summarize some recent studies in this area of research, and suggest some areas where progress is needed t advance the research toward gene therapy.
“Mioriţa”: A Romanian Ballad in a Homeric Perspective

(2000). “Mioriţa”: A Romanian Ballad in a Homeric Perspective. Symposium: A Quarterly Journal in Modern Literatures: Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 3-15.
Reversal of EPTC inhibition of aryl acylamidase activity by oximes

Abstract Aryl acylamidase (aryl-acylamine amidohydrolase, E.C.3.5.1.13) isolated from lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) leaf and stem tissue was assayed using propanil [ N -(3,4-dichlorophenyl)propanamide] as substrate. EPTC ( S -ethyl dipropyl carbamothioate) inhibited aryl acylamidase activity 20 to 65% at concentrations of 10 −4 to 10 −3 M . Kinetic studies indicated a K i of about 4.0 μ M for EPTC. When supplied simultaneously with and at concentrations equal to EPTC, acetone oxime, pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide, and dimethylglyoxime each reduced the EPTC inhibition of aryl acylamidase activity by about 50%. These oximes alone had little or no effect on aryl acylamidase activity, but another oxime, benzoin-α-oxime, was inhibitory. These results indicate that molecular substituents near the oxime group can alter oxime function related to this class of herbicide safeners.
English to Urdu transliteration: An application of Soundex algorithm

Transliteration algorithms are used to convert Romanized form of Urdu in Urdu script. But the accuracy of such systems is greatly reduced by presence of English words like weak, next etc. in online conversations. In this paper we present dictionary based solution to convert English word to Urdu script. In doing so accent conversion problem may arise that is handled through Soundex based algorithm where relative positions of transcriptions and Urdu language rules are combined to assign codes to English words which are then mapped to Urdu script. We have integrated our work with an existing roman Urdu transliteration system and experimental results have proved the significance of our work both for standalone English transliteration and as a part of roman Urdu transliteration framework.
BACH1 is critical for homologous recombination and appears to be the Fanconi anemia gene product FANCJ

We showed in this study that cells deficient of the BRCA1-associated BACH1 helicase, also known as BRIP1, failed to elicit homologous recombination (HR) after DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs). BACH1-deficient cells were also sensitive to mitomycin C (MMC) and underwent MMC-induced chromosome instability. Moreover, we identified a homozygous nonsense mutation in BACH1 in a FA-J patient-derived cell line and could not detect BACH1 protein in this cell line. Expression of wild-type BACH1 in this cell line reduced the accumulation of cells at G2/M phases following exposure to DNA crosslinkers, a characteristic of Fanconi anemia (FA) cells. These results support the conclusion that BACH1 is FANCJ.
ZSim: fast and accurate microarchitectural simulation of thousand-core systems

Architectural simulation is time-consuming, and the trend towards hundreds of cores is making sequential simulation even slower. Existing parallel simulation techniques either scale poorly due to excessive synchronization, or sacrifice accuracy by allowing event reordering and using simplistic contention models. As a result, most researchers use sequential simulators and model small-scale systems with 16-32 cores. With 100-core chips already available, developing simulators that scale to thousands of cores is crucial.We present three novel techniques that, together, make thousand-core simulation practical. First, we speed up detailed core models (including OOO cores) with instruction-driven timing models that leverage dynamic binary translation. Second, we introduce bound-weave, a two-phase parallelization technique that scales parallel simulation on multicore hosts efficiently with minimal loss of accuracy. Third, we implement lightweight user-level virtualization to support complex workloads, including multiprogrammed, client-server, and managed-runtime applications, without the need for full-system simulation, sidestepping the lack of scalable OSs and ISAs that support thousands of cores.We use these techniques to build zsim, a fast, scalable, and accurate simulator. On a 16-core host, zsim models a 1024-core chip at speeds of up to 1,500 MIPS using simple cores and up to 300 MIPS using detailed OOO cores, 2-3 orders of magnitude faster than existing parallel simulators. Simulator performance scales well with both the number of modeled cores and the number of host cores. We validate zsim against a real Westmere system on a wide variety of workloads, and find performance and microarchitectural events to be within a narrow range of the real system.
Nocturnal fish utilization of a subtropical mangrove‐seagrass ecotone

Whereas diel fish migration between mangrove and seagrass habitats has been recognized for decades, quantitative studies have focused mainly on diurnal patterns of fish distribution and abundance. In general, previous studies have shown that fish abundances decline with increasing distance from mangroves; however, evidence for such a pattern at night, when many fishes are actively feeding, is scarce. The present study is the first to report nocturnal fish abundances along a continuous distance gradient from mangroves across adjacent seagrass habitat (0–120 m). Here, we used nocturnal seine sampling to test the null hypothesis (based on diurnal studies and limited nocturnal work) that fish abundance would decrease with increasing distance from shoreline. We focused on species and life-stage-specific abundance patterns of Lutjanus griseus, Sphyraena barracuda, Archosargus rhomboidalis, and Haemulon sciurus. Results indicated that assemblage composition and structure differed significantly by season, likely influenced by temperature. However, within each season, the fish habitat use pattern at both the assemblage and species-specific level generally failed to support our working null hypothesis. Species-specific analyses revealed that, for most species and life-stages examined, nocturnal abundance either did not change with distance or increased with distance from the mangrove-seagrass ecotone. Our results suggest that analyses where taxa are grouped to report overall patterns may have the potential to overlook significant species- and stage-specific variation. For fishes known to make nocturnal migrations, we recommend nocturnal sampling to determine habitat utilization patterns, especially when inferring nursery value of multiple habitats or when estimating fish production.
Endocrine Effects of Maternal Alcoholization: Plasma and Brain Testosterone, Dihydrotestosterone, Estradiol, and Corticosterone

Maternal ethanol consumption was associated with reduced levels of dihydrotestosterone in the brains of 1–2-day-old male rats when compared to those of sex-matched pups obtained from dames that were fed sucrose. In contrast, brain levels of corticosterone were increased significantly in the pups of ethanol-fed animals when compared to those from sucrose-fed controls. Brain and plasma estradiol did not differ between groups. These results suggest that maternal ethanol consumption may influence the central nervous system and plasma levels6000 of certain steroidal hormones in the offspring.
Visual preferences of Mexican preschool children for abstract and realistic paintings.

Summary.--40 children ages 2 or 3 years were asked to express preferences for 9 abstract and 9 realistic paintings on two separate occasions. Children showed no clear preferences and these were stable over occasions. Their drawings were classified in the scribble stage. These results were consistent with downward extensions of aesthetic preference theories. Implications for the usual environments of young children were discussed. This is an investigation of the implications of two theories, Parsons' (5) aesthetic preference and Lowenfeld's (4) graphic development of preschool children. According to Parsons, young children rarely find fault with paint- ings no matter what the subject or style. Further, he claims that beginning at age four children develop through a series of highly predictable stages of aes- thetic preference. Children in Parsons' Stage 1, Favoritism (ages 4 to 7 years), find subjectmatter unimportant and prefer abstract as well as realistic paintings. There is a preference for bright colors as well. In Stage 2, Beauty and Reallsm (ages 7 to lo), subjectmatter becomes very important. The more realistic the art work, the better. A painting is considered "good" only if representational or realistic colors are used. Stage 3, Expressiveness (ages 10 to 14), is characterized by interest in a painting which expresses someone's experience. Subjectmatter becomes secondary. At Stage 4, Style and Form (ages 14 to adult), the viewer finds the social significance of the painting important. One becomes a critical viewer at this stage, showing autonomy (ages 16 to adult). The viewer judges the concepts and values expressed in the art work. Lowenfeld (4) (cf. also, 1, 3) speculated on children's graphic develop- ment which seems to parallel Parsons' Aesthetic Development stages. Chd- dren (ages 4 to 7) in the Primitive Schematic stage draw images that are col- orful (not realistic) and somewhat abstract in nature. Subject matter is often- times unrecognizable. In the Full Schematic stage (ages 7 to lo), children render images that are very realistic and use of color becomes more realistic. The pseudonaturalistic stage (ages 4 to adult) involves experimentation with abstract and realistic imagery along with the use of symbolic and expressive colors. Cartooning becomes of interest to this age group. The Period of
Uncovering the Mystery of Harper-Dorn Creep in Metals

In the present investigation, the occurrence of Harper–Dorn creep in Pb was studied under the condition of large strains. In performing the study, two Pb grades, commercial-purity Pb (99.95 pct) and high-purity Pb (99.999 pct), were creep tested at 573 K. The mechanical data showed that 99.95 Pb, unlike 99.999 Pb, did not exhibit accelerated creep rates at stresses <0.1 MPa (the region of Harper–Dorn creep). Also, the data on 99.999 Pb revealed that the creep curves associated with Harper–Dorn creep exhibited periodic accelerations and that the stress exponent was approximately 3, not unity as previously reported for Pb and other materials. An examination of the substructure developed during creep revealed that the substructural details in 99.95 Pb were markedly different from those characterizing Harper–Dorn creep in 99.999 Pb. In 99.95 Pb, the substructural observations included the presence of very large subgrains and triple junctions of subgrains. By contrast, in 99.999 Pb, the substructural features included the nucleation of new grains and the presence of twins. Combining the present data on Pb and those reported recently for Al has led to three important conclusions. First, the accelerated creep rates noted in the region of Harper–Dorn creep are produced by a creep process for which the dominant restoration mechanism is dynamic recrystallization. Second, the linear-stress dependence of creep rate previously reported for Harper–Dorn creep is most probably a direct consequence of short-term measurements involving small strains (total creep strains ≤0.01). Finally, Harper–Dorn creep will be observed in a large-grained metal at very low stresses if its purity level is high. This condition favors dynamic recrystallization as a restoration mechanism.
Thoughts and Progress

: The constant-pressure filtration (CPF) method has been developed to assess blood microemboli (BME) in terms of their ability to occlude microvascular flow. Previous reports suggest that the method is sensitive to the effects of platelet stimulation and to blood-pumping conditions. BME production and heparin activity were studied in bovine and human blood pumped by a Pelle-thane ventricle with Pellethane molded valves connected via smooth quick-connects to a Pellethane horseshoe-shaped reservoir. In each experiment, blood was collected into heparin by cardiac puncture from a stunned animal or by venepuncture from a human donor. The blood from each donor was filled into three ventricle-reservoir systems (50 cc ventricle and 1,500 cc reservoir for the bovine blood, and 20 cc ventricle and 150 cc reservoir for the human blood). One of the systems received aspirin (ASA; 25 mg/dl) shortly after the onset of pumping, whereas the other two served as pumping and non-pumping controls. The blood was pumped in a full-fill/full-eject mode for up to 10 h. BME concentration was measured by the CPF method in which the blood was filtered through 20-μm pore filters at 20 mm Hg for 10 s, and the flowrate curves were evaluated from an occlusion model. Heparin activity was measured by the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) test. In the early period after the onset of pumping, the BME concentration increased, whereas the APTT decreased from an initial value of<250 s, with the relative rate of change for both the BME and the APTT being the following: pumping control < pumping ASA blood < quiescent control. When the APTT fell below a critical value (an average oi 36 s for the bovine blood and 126 s for the human blood), the BME increased very rapidly, presumably because oi microdot formation. The CPF method appears to be sufficiently sensitive to detect BME when anticoagulation is adequate and to detect microdot formation when anticoagulation is inadequate. The method also indicated that the effects of ASA on BME formation were similar to ASA effects on heparin neutralization. Finally, the results indicated species differences in the rate of heparin neutralization and in the heparin activity corresponding tc the onset of microdot formation.
`The Gods of My Father Terah': Abraham the Iconoclast and the Polemics with the Divine Body Traditions in the Apocalypse of Abraham:

The first eight chapters of the Apocalypse of Abraham recount the early years of the young hero of the faith who is depicted as a fighter against the idolatrous practices of his father Terah. The conceptual developments found in this section of the work, especially in the depictions of the idolatrous statues, seem to play an important role in the work's overall retraction of the anthropomorphic understanding of the deity. In the depictions of the idol Bar-Eshath (`the Son of Fire') and some other human-like figures, whose features are vividly reminiscent of the familiar attributes of the anthropomorphic portrayals of the deity in Ezekiel and some other biblical and pseudepigraphical accounts, one can detect subtle polemics with the divine body traditions. This article investigates these conceptual developments in the Apocalypse of Abraham and seeks to understand their place in the larger anti-corporeal ideology of the Slavonic pseudepigraphon.
A pointer forwarding based local anchoring (POFLA) scheme for wireless networks

For a Personal Communication System (PCS) network to effectively deliver services to the mobile users, it must have an efficient way to keep track of mobile users. Location management fulfills this task through location registration and call delivery procedures. To reduce the signaling traffic, many schemes such as local anchoring, pointer forwarding, and two-level pointer forwarding schemes have been proposed in the past few years. In this paper, we present a novel location management scheme, pointer forwarding based local anchoring scheme, that intends to mitigate the signaling traffic while keeping the tracking delay in check. In this scheme, one visitor location register (VLR) traversed by a user is selected as the mobility agent (MA) for the user at a time, which forms another level of management in order to make some registration traffic localized. The idea is as follows: instead of always carrying out location update to the home location register (HLR), which would become the bottleneck otherwise, many location updates are accomplished by the mobility agent. Moreover, pointers can be set up between VLRs under the coverage of the same MA. When the distance between the MA and the current VLR exceeds a certain threshold, the current VLR will become the new MA, which also updates the HLR (where a user's location information is the identification of the reported MA). The numerical results show that this scheme can significantly reduce the network signaling traffic load without increasing much of the call setup delay.
Complementary and Alternative Approaches to Menopause

Given the persistent confusion about the risks and benefits of hormone therapy since 2002 and the first publication from the Women's Health Initiative's primary findings, women and health care providers are increasingly motivated to find effective, nonhormonal approaches to treat menopause-related symptoms. Complementary and alternative medicine has grown increasingly popular in the last decade. A wide array of botanic medicines is offered as an alternative approach to hormone therapy for menopause, but data documenting efficacy and safety are limited. None of the available botanicals is as effective as hormone therapy in the management of vasomotor symptoms.
High-resolution analog measurement on mixed signal LSI tester

The authors describe the HP 9480, a mixed-signal LSI tester featuring LF source/measurement modules capable of measurements on the order of 100 dB for standard dynamic range, signal-to-noise ratio, or total harmonic distortion measurements. To realize this tester, background noise was minimized by using a unique power supply system and proper ground management, and several function modules were developed. The authors describe the noise reduction techniques and functional modules. Measurement examples are also given. >
High-Fidelity Contrast Reaction Simulation Training: Performance Comparison of Faculty, Fellows, and Residents.

Abstract Purpose Reactions to contrast material are uncommon in diagnostic radiology, and vary in clinical presentation from urticaria to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Prior studies have demonstrated a high error rate in contrast reaction management, with smaller studies using simulation demonstrating variable data on effectiveness. We sought to assess the effectiveness of high-fidelity simulation in teaching contrast reaction management for residents, fellows, and attendings. Methods A 20-question multiple-choice test assessing contrast reaction knowledge, with Likert-scale questions assessing subjective comfort levels of management of contrast reactions, was created. Three simulation scenarios that represented a moderate reaction, a severe reaction, and a contrast reaction mimic were completed in a one-hour period in a simulation laboratory. All participants completed a pretest and a posttest at one month. A six-month delayed posttest was given, but was optional for all participants. Results A total of 150 radiologists participated (residents = 52; fellows = 24; faculty = 74) in the pretest and posttest; and 105 participants completed the delayed posttest (residents = 31; fellows = 17; faculty = 57). A statistically significant increase was found in the one-month posttest ( P P P P Conclusions High-fidelity simulation is an effective learning tool, allowing practice of "high-acuity" situation management in a nonthreatening environment; the simulation training resulted in significant improvement in test scores, as well as an increase in subjective comfort in management of reactions, across all levels of training. A six-month refresher course is suggested, to maintain knowledge and comfort level in contrast reaction management.
The discourse-level structure of empirical abstracts: an exploratory study

Abstract Free-text retrieval is less effective than it might be because of its dependence on notions that evolved with controlled vocabulary representation and searching. The structure and nature of the discourse level features of natural language text types are not incorporated. In an attempt to address this problem, an exploratory study was conducted for the purpose of determining whether information abstracts reporting on empirical work do possess a predictable discourse-level structure and whether there are lexical clues that reveal this structure. A three phase study was conducted, with Phase I making use of four tasks to delineate the structure of empirical abstracts based on the internalized notions of 12 expert abstractors. Phase II consisted of a linguistic analysis of 276 empirical abstracts that suggested a linguistic model of an empirical abstract, which was tested in Phase III with a two stage validation procedure using 68 abstracts and four abstractors. Results indicate that expert abstractors do possess an internalized structure of empirical abstracts, whose components and relations were confirmed repeatedly over the four tasks. Substantively the same structure revealed by the experts was manifested in the sample of abstracts, with a relatively small set of recurring lexical clues revealing the presence and nature of the text components. Abstractors validated the linguistic model at an average level of 86%. Results strongly support the presence of a detectable structure in the text-type of empirical abstracts. Such a structure may be of use in a variety of text-based information processing systems. The techniques developed for analyzing natural language texts for the purpose of providing more useful representations of their semantic content offer potential for application of other types of natural language texts.
Preparation of Long Templates for RNA In Vitro Transcription by Recursive PCR

Preparing conventional DNA templates for in vitro RNA transcription involves PCR amplification of the DNA gene coding for the RNA of interest from plasmid or genomic DNA, subsequent amplification with primers containing a 5' T7 promoter region, and confirmation of the amplified DNA sequence. Complications arise in applications where long, nonnative sequences are desired in the final RNA transcript. Here we describe a ligase-independent method for the preparation of long synthetic DNA templates for in vitro RNA transcription. In Recursive PCR, partially complementary DNA oligonucleotides coding for the RNA sequence of interest are annealed, extended into the full-length double-stranded DNA, and amplified in a single PCR. Long insertions, mutations, or deletions are accommodated prior to in vitro transcription by simple substitution of oligonucleotides.
Peptide bond specificity of calpain: proteolysis of human myelin basic protein.

In order to determine the peptide bond specificity of calpain, human myelin basic protein (HMBP) was treated with purified calpain of bovine brain. Upon incubation, HMBP component I (HMBP-1) was degraded into several peptides as demonstrated by sodium dodecy1 sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Component I was more susceptible to degradation than components II and III. HMBP degradation products were separated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the cleavage sites in HMBP molecules were determined by peptide sequence analysis and by N- and C-terminal analyses. The major cleavage site was found to be 94Val-95 Thr with several minor cleavages at 49Arg-50Gly, 18Ala-19Ser, 23His-24Ala, 27Gly-28Phe, 59Asp-60Ser, 70Gly-71Ser, 97Arg-98Thr, 110Ser-111Leu, 145Asp-146Ala, and 156Leu-157Gly. These results indicate that calpain is involved in the limited proteolysis of human myelin basic protein and prolonged incubation causes further digestion of the large peptides. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Rubiacearum Americanarum Magna Hama Pars IIp New and newly circumstribed taxa of Guettarda lGuettardeaer

The new species Guettarda davidseorum Lorence and G. subcapitata C. M. Taylor, here described and illustrated, are known from a moist forest region in Belize and dry forest regions from southern Mexico to Nicaragua, respectively. Guettarda davidseorum is similar in aspect to G. deamii Standley, and G. subcapitata has been previously confused with G. macrosperma Donnell Smith. Also considered here are distinctive patterns of variation in the wide-ranging variable species G. crispiflora Vahl, which support the recognition of five subspecies with generally allopatric geographic distributions; several of these subspecies differ from those that have been previously circumscribed. RESUMEN. Las especies nuevas Guettarda davidseorum Lorence y G. subcapitata C. M. Taylor, aquf descritas e ilustradas, han sido registradas de bosques h imedos en Belice y de bosques secos del sur de Mexico a Nicaragua, respectivamente. Guettarda davidseorum es similar en su aspecto a G. deamii Standley, y G. subcapitata se ha confundido con G. macrosperma Donnell Smith. Adem-is se consideran aquf los patrones de variaci6n en la pubescencia de la especie G. crispiflora Vahl, que es variable y de amplia distribuci6n; estos patrones distintivos justifican la delimitaci6n de cinco subespecies con distribuciones geogrificas generalmente alopaitricas, y varias de estas subespecies difieren de las que se han delimitado previamente.
Stigma, Society, and Specialty Choice: What's Going On?

There are many misconceptions about psychiatry as a science that contribute to the continued social stigmatization of mental illnesses. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline Predisposition : A New Provisional Entity Within the World Health Organization Classification

The forthcoming update of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematopoietic neoplasms will feature "Myeloid Neoplasms with Germline Predisposition" as a new provisional diagnostic entity. This designation will be applied to some cases of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome arising in the setting of constitutional mutations that render patients susceptible to the development of myeloid malignancies. For the diagnostic pathologist, recognizing these cases and confirming the diagnosis will demand a sophisticated grasp of clinical genetics and molecular techniques. This article presents a concise review of this new provisional WHO entity, including strategies for clinical practice.
Rich States, Poor States: The Disparate Impact of BAPCPA on High- and Low-Median Income State Residents

The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 established new tests for eligibility to file for bankruptcy under Chapter 7. One test is based on median income of the state in which the filer resides, which may result in unfair, arbitrary and Constitutionally impermissible discrimination against middle-income residents of poorer states.
An outbreak of Plesiomonas shigelloides in zebrafish

Plesiomonas shigelloides is a flagellated, gram-negative rod that is an emergent pathogen associated with human gastroenteritis. Recently, we experienced a disease outbreak in zebrafish that were obtained from a commercial source. Fourteen days after being held at 27°C in our flow-through quarantine system, several zebrafish began to show clinical signs of disease including external lesions, impaired swimming and exopthalmia. Two days later, mortalities started to occur in this population. Moribund fish were sampled and fixed for histological observation. Concurrently, 2 moribund fish were euthanized and spleen and kidney preparations were spread on TSA and TSA blood agar plates and incubated at 27°C for 24 hours. Tissues from both fish yielded apparently pure cultures of a highly motile gram-negative rod, which formed white 0.25 mm colonies with lpha hemolytic activity on TSA blood agar. Sequence analysis on four representative strains demonstrated that the 16 S gene sequences for these isolates displayed 100% identity to P. shigelloides. Ten days after the initial onset of disease, mortality levels had reached 70% (63 of 90 fish) and the remaining fish were euthanized. Histological examination revealed moderate to severe areas of necrosis and inflammation in all major tissues with serial sections revealing the presence of numerous extracellular gram-negative bacilli as well as bacteria within tissue resident macrophages. Current research includes confirming Koch’s postulates for the isolates, establishing antibiotic resistance profiles, bacterial whole-genome analysis and assessing the host pro-inflammatory (IL-1B, TNFA, IFNG and IL-8) response during infection.