cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The physiological basis for pitch-induced antennule movements in the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus

1. 1. Measurements of the compensatory response of antennular basal segments to pitch were made in the crab Callinectes sapidus. 2. 2. Electrical recordings were obtained from efferent fibers in promotor and remoter bundles of the antennular basal segments. 3. 3. Most of the phasic response to pitch seen in these fibers is the result of input from thread hairs in the ipsilateral statocyst. 4. 4. Most of the tonic activity occurring during static placement of crabs in positions about the pitch axis is the result of hook hair input from the ipsilateral statocyst.
Generalized Timoshenko Theory of the Variational Asymptotic Beam Sectional Analysis

The generalized Timoshenko theory for composite beams embedded in the computer program VABS has the same structure as Timoshenko’s original theory for isotropic beams without the restrictive assumptions of the original theory. An overview of this theory is presented to show its general and rigorous framework. Certain theoretical details missing from previous developments are supplied, such as the proof of a kinematical identity and the expression of the recovery theory in terms of sectional stress resultants. It has been demonstrated that the VABS generalized Timoshenko theory reproduces the elasticity solution for the flexure problem of isotropic prisms. Numerical results are presented in support of the long-term validation effort, focusing especially on calculation of sectional stiffnesses (including shear correction factors) and shear center location, making use of the VABS model for composite beam analysis (including buckling and vibration), and recovering three-dimensional field variables over the section. The accuracy of the VABS generalized Timoshenko theory is demonstrated, and some of its practical advantages over three-dimensional finite element analysis are exhibited. Presented at the 44th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, Norfolk, Virginia, April 7 – 10, 2003 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-4130. Formerly, Post Doctoral Fellow, School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia. Email: wenbin.yu@usu.edu. Professor, School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 303320150. Email: dewey.hodges@ae.gatech.edu. Fellow, AHS.
Depending on types

Is Haskell a dependently typed programming language? Should it be? GHC's many type-system features, such as Generalized Algebraic Datatypes (GADTs), datatype promotion, multiparameter type classes, and type families, give programmers the ability to encode domain-specific invariants in their types. Clever Haskell programmers have used these features to enhance the reasoning capabilities of static type checking. But really, how far have we come? Could we do more? In this talk, I will discuss dependently typed programming in Haskell, through examples, analysis and comparisons with modern full-spectrum dependently typed languages, such as Coq, Agda and Idris. What sorts of dependently typed programming can be done in Haskell now? What could GHC learn from these languages? Conversely, what lessons can GHC offer in return?
Fitness to drive in multiple sclerosis: Awareness of deficit moderates risk

Fitness to drive was examined among 78 individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) who participated with a knowledgeable informant. Illness severity, neuropsychological functioning, and external social influences each made unique contributions to the prediction of driving status. Among drivers, perceptions of social influences against driving accounted for the most variance in miles driven, whereas social influences, informants' perceptions of the patients' fitness to drive, and illness severity accounted for the most variance in adverse driving incidents. Importantly, awareness of deficit moderated fitness to drive: Drivers who were unaware of their deficits perceived less need to engage in compensatory behaviors; moreover, as perceived need to compensate decreased, miles driven and driving incidents increased. The findings have implications for interventions with persons with MS who drive.
Identification of an intermediate in the de novo formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in Escherichia coli.

Summary A compound synthesized from aspartic acid by a cell-free lysate of Escherichia coli was identified as 2-butynedioic acid by thin layer co-chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Based on previous data showing the condensation of this compound into the quinolinic acid molecule, we propose that 2-butynedioic acid is an early intermediate in the de novo biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide by E. coli .
Influence of cobalt on nitrogen fixation by medicago.

1. ARCHBOLD, H. K. 1942. Physiological studies in plant nutrition. XIII. Experiments with barley on defoliation and shading of the ear in relation to sugar metabolisnm Ann. Botany 6: 487-531. 2. BAIN, J. M. 1958. Morphological, anatomical, and physiological changes in developing forms of Valencia orange. Austral. J. Botany 6: 1-24. 3. Br.Aw, R. C. and G. W. TODD. 1960. Photosynthesis and respiration in developing fruits. I. C'402 uptake by young oranges in the light and in the dark. Plant Physiol. 35: 425429. 4. EAKS, I. L. and W. A. LUDI. 1958. Response of orange and lemon fruits to fumigation with ethylene dibromide effective against eggs and larme of the Oriental and Mexican fruit flies. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. Proc. 72: 297-303. 5. EATON, F. M. and H. E. JOHAM. 1944. Sugar movement to roots, mineral uptake, and the growth cycle of the cotton plant. Plant Physiol. 19: 507518. 6. HusSEIN, A. A. 1944. Respiration in the orange. A study of systems responsible for oxygen uptake. J. Biol. Chem. 155: 201-211. 7. KosKi, V. M. 1950. Chlorophyll formation in seedlings of Zea mays L. Arch. Biochem. 29: 339343. 8. KURSANOV, A. L. 1934. Die Photosynthese gruner Fruchte und ihre abhangigkeit von der normalen Tatigkeit der Blatter. Planta 22: 240-250. 9. TURRELL, F. M. 1946. Tables of surfaces and volumes of spheres and of prolate and oblate spheroids and spheroidal coefficients. University of California Press, Berkeley. 10. WATSON, D. J. and A. G. NORMAN. 1939. Photosynthesis in the ear of barley and movement of nitrogen into the ear. J. Agr. Sci. 29: 321-345.
Pharmacotherapy versus T lymphocytes for CMV.

In this issue of Blood , Blyth et al report a phase 2 study in 50 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients who received donor-derived cytomegalovirus (CMV)–specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) and compare outcomes with a group of concomitant controls who were transplanted at
Contamination and management of resistance evolution to high-dose transgenic insecticidal crops

For maize and cotton, transgenic varieties that express toxins derived from Bacillus thuriengensis (Bt) are now planted in several countries. To slow resistance evolution, the “high-dose/refuge” strategy is broadly implemented in which resistance is recessive and some fields (or areas within fields) are planted exclusively with Bt crops and other fields planted exclusively with non-transgenic refuge crops for susceptible insects. This strategy, however, could potentially be undermined by contamination. Here, we investigate general models of resistance evolution for high-dose events in which fields are contaminated due to the inadvertent mixing of seeds, volunteer plants, or pollen flow between Bt and non-Bt varieties coupled with seed-saving by farmers. Contamination of the refuge by Bt plants increases selection for resistance, thereby speeding resistance evolution. Nonetheless, in most situations this effect is small. Contamination of Bt fields by non-transgenic plants might be expected to have the opposite effect and always reduce the rate of resistance evolution. While this is often the case, it is not always so. If larvae move among plants within a field, then high movement rates may reverse the effect of contamination of Bt fields to slow resistance evolution. Furthermore, if the dispersal rates of adult females between Bt and refuge fields are low, then contamination of Bt fields may speed resistance. These results suggest that contamination has the potential to undermine the efficacy of the high-dose/refuge strategy, yet depending upon the particular pest and situation, contamination may not be a concern.
Modeling high-power semiconductor lasers: from microscopic physics to device applications

A robust, modular and comprehensive simulation model, built on a first-principles microscopic physics basis, includes the fully time-dependent and spatially resolved internal optical, carrier and temperature fields within an arbitrary geometry edge-emitting high-power semiconductor laser device. The simulator is designed to run interactively on a multi- processor shared memory graphical supercomputer by utilizing a highly efficient algorithm running in parallel over multiple CPUs. The experimentally validated semiconductor optical response is computed using a microscopic approach that includes the relevant bandstructure of the Quantum Well and confining barrier regions together with a fully quantum mechanical many-body calculation that takes all occupied bands into account. The latter quantity is introduced into the simulator via a multidimensional look-up table that captures the local dependence of the gain and refractive index of the structure over a broad range of frequencies and carrier densities. The simulator is designed in a modular form so as to be able to include differing device geometries (broad area, flared, multiple contacts, arrays, ..), filters (DBR or DFB grating sections), index/gain-guiding, temperature and current profiles and so on. Results will be presented for both broad area and MOPA devices.
Sexual behaviour and reproductive competition in male wild and domestic Norway rats

The copulatory behaviour of male wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed individually to females in hormone-induced oestrus is characterized by fewer mounts and intromissions per ejaculatory series, shorter ejaculation latencies, and longer ejaculatory clasps than the copulatory behaviour of domestic males. Competition between wild and domestic males testes simultaneously in pairs produced only minor changes in copulatory behaviour. The reproductive success of wild and domestic male pair simultaneously exposed to naturally cycling females was nearly equal in both the laboratory and an outdoor enclosure. Genotype of the female had little effect on male copulatory behaviour. The copulatory behaviour of sexually naive and experienced domestic rats did not differ. However, most sexually naive wild males failed to exhibit copulatory behaviour under the test conditions employed.
Older Workers' Issues and Social Work Practice

Abstract Gerontological social work practice has expanded greatly in the past two decades, however older workers' issues have not been a primary focus of gerontological social work practice, social work literature or social work associations. The issues and conditions of older workers are of critical importance to social workers concerned with the quality of life of the older population. This article will briefly outline key older worker issues and selected programs and will review current social work interventions and suggest a potential future role for social work in this arena of practice.
Changing Doctor-Patient Relationships and the Rise in Concern for Accountability

Sociologists have predicted that the growth of a professional class would integrate modern industrial society. Yet public distrust of professionals is growing. This paper examines distrust of doctors and the resultant call for accountability of the medical profession. We look at how the structure of exchange between doctors and patients has changed as a result of population mobility, professionalization, bureaucratization, and specialization. Then we contrast the ideology of the medical profession with that of the patients, and conclude that the latter is a growing, countervailing power to the medical profession and rationalizes the exchange relation by specifying the goals and terms of the exchange. We predict that third party social controls will deprofessionalize the medical profession.
Mechanisms of current therapies for diabetes mellitus type 2

The array of medications available for the treatment of hyperglycemia has increased rapidly in the previous decade, and recent investigations have clarified novel mechanisms underlying the antihyperglycemic efficacy of these drugs. This article reviews the mechanisms of action for medications currently approved to treat diabetes mellitus in the United States, with the exception of insulin and its analogs. Finally, it attempts to integrate these mechanisms into the schema of pathophysiological factors that combine to produce hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus.
SWAT: small world-based attacker traceback in ad-hoc networks

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) provide a lot of promise for many practical applications. However, MANETs are vulnerable to a number of attacks due to its autonomous nature. DoS/DDoS attacker traceback is especially challenging in MANETs for the lack of infrastructure. In this paper, we propose an efficient on-the-fly search technique, SWAT, to trace back DoS and DDoS attackers in MANETs. Our scheme borrows from small worlds, utilizes the concept of contacts, and use traffic pattern matching (TPM) and traffic volume matching (TVM) techniques. We also propose multi-directional search, in-network processing and query suppression to reduce communication overhead in energy-constrained MANETs and increase traceback robustness against spoofing and collusion. Simulation results show that SWAT successfully traces back DoS and DDoS attacker under reasonable background traffic. In addition, SWAT incurs low communication overhead (22% compared to flooding-based search).
Synaptic plasticity in morphologically identified CA1 stratum radiatum interneurons and giant projection cells.

Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic efficacy was exam- ined in interneurons and giant cells in the stratum radiatum region of the hippocampal CA1 subfield. Cells were visually selected using differential interference contrast (DIC) optics and filled with biocytin while being re- corded using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. Electrophysiological crite- ria, including spike height, width, and degree of spike adaptation shown to sustained depolarization, proved inadequate for differentiating interneurons from giant cells. We found that cells in the stratum radiatum, however, could be reliably differentiated using DIC optics or following intracellular staining. The response of the two cell types to tetanic stimulation further dissociated them. Long-term potentiation, dependent on the activation of NMDAr (N- methyl-D-aspartate receptors), could reliably be induced in interneurons with stimuli administered at 200 Hz, but not 100 Hz. Giant cells, in contrast, exhibited NMDA receptor-dependent LTP in response to 100-Hz stimuli, but not the 200-Hz stimuli. LTP induction in interneurons also appeared temper- ature-dependent, being much more robust at 34°C than at room tempera- ture. The LTP in both cell types required postsynaptic calcium influx, and was not due to the passive propagation of LTP induction in neighboring pyramidal cells. These results suggest that different cell types within the hippocampal formation may preferentially alter synaptic connectivity in a frequency- specific manner. Hippocampus 2000;10:673-683. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
EXPERIENCE AND CONTENT

In the dark ages perceptual experiences were supposed to consist in the direct awareness of sense data, which are as they appear to be. Perceptual infallibility was the creed, with error blamed solely on the intellect. Eventually these doctrines were swept aside by the reformation. Perceptual experiences were conceived instead as fallible, testifying (sometimes wrongly) about the subject’s familiar external environment. The thesis that experiences have representational content was firmly nailed to the seminar-room door. Early reformers took this thesis to consist in the subject’s acquisition of dispositions to believe propositions about her environment, but later reformers rejected any such reduction. Then came the recent (and inevitable) counter-reformation. While conceding that the reformers had a point against sense data, the reactionary counter-reformers reaffirmed the doctrine of perceptual infallibility. Perceptual experience itself, they said, despite
Pneumoperitoneum in the Treatment of Pulmonary and Abdominal Tuberculosis

Pneumoperitoneum, the injecting of gas ioxygen or air) in the peritoneal cavity is not a new procedure. It was used as far back as 1902 for diagnostic purposes. In 1917 we rind our first reference in treating intestinal and peritoneal tuberculosis by this method, but it was not used to any great extent until about nine years ago. Richard H. Overholt, in 1930, proved that by injecting air in the abdominal cavities of dogs the diaphragm could be elevated and partially fixed, thus reducing pulmonary ventilation. In 1931, Andrew L. Banyai reported his results in treating 44 cases of tuberculous enterocolitis at the Muirdale Sanatorium, Wisconsin, by injecting oxygen in the peritoneal cavity. Thirty-one, or 70.4 per cent, of the patients got symptomatic relief. Complete relief was seen in 14, or 31.8 per cent; partial relief of all intestinal symptoms in 10, or 22.7 per cent. The duration of symptomatic relief varied from a few days to two years. He made this observation and comment, "Oxygen increases cell activity in all body tissues, effecting a better local and general immunologic response: Injected oxygen due to it's chemical properties and increased intra-abdominal pressure will cause irritation of the peritoneum and intestinal serosa with subsequent hyperemia. A decrease in the peristalsis following oxygen inflations was noted in the majority of our cases. By these accomplishments we are approaching the ideal aimed at in the treatment of any form of tuberculosis, that is, possible maximum immobilization with improved nutrition and immune body supply to the diseased tissues." Vajoda of Germany in 1933 considered the improvement of the tuberculous process in pregnant women to be due to the upward movement of the diaphragm. He therefore tried to produce this condition artificially by injecting air in the peritoneal cavity. He tried it on two patients. In the first he injected 1200 cc's of air; and in the second, 700 cc's.
Improved Diagnostic Techniques

Advances in technology may help to improve bladder cancer diagnosis, staging, and treatment. Biomarkers have been used to aid in diagnosis and surveillance of patients with bladder cancer. Standard tools for diagnosis and staging incorporate the use of urine cytology and computer tomography to examine the upper tracts. Several urinary tumor markers may assist to identify and risk-stratify the probability of current and future (anticipatory) risk of bladder cancer. Fluorescence cystoscopy, utilizing 5-ALA and hexaminolevulinate (HAL) as photosensitizing agents, has been shown to improve the detection of papillary and flat bladder lesions, compared to conventional white light cystoscopy. Prospective phase III clinical trials have demonstrated improved diagnostic ability, enhanced tumor resection, and reduced tumor recurrence. Optical coherence tomography is an emerging technology that shows promise in revealing subsurface microarchitecture information about bladder lesions in real-time, potentially leading to more accurate staging. Narrow-band imaging may augment standard endoscopic tools by providing increased contrast between normal and abnormal tissue on the basis of neovascularity. Confocal laser endoscopy has the potential to provide images of even higher resolution. We present an overview of urine biomarkers and the strengths and weaknesses of these imaging modalities and examine their potential impact on the diagnosis and management of bladder cancer.
A Case of P-Wave Mimicry: Cherchez le P

A man in his 60s presented to the emergency department with chest pain. He had a history of hypertension but no other cardiac history.His painwasdescribedas adull ache localized tohis epigastrium; it hadbeenconstant for4hours, didnot radiate, andwasnot exacerbated by exertion. Examination of the heart, lungs, and abdomen had normal results. A chest x-ray revealed no acute cardiopulmonary process. An electrocardiogram (ECG)was obtained and is shown in Figure 1. Question:What is the underlying rhythm?
Design guidelines for high performance slow-wave transmission lines with optimized floating shield dimensions

In this paper, experimental results of a new compact high-quality-factor shielded transmission line implemented on a CMOS 0.35-µm technology are presented, with a very good agreement between measurement and simulations. Then, based on the measured transmission line geometry, 3D electromagnetic simulations are carried out to study the effect of the floating shield dimensions and derive some design rules. It is shown that the patterned ground shield is truly efficient if the strips gap is not higher than the dielectric thickness. Moreover, by reducing the metal duty cycle from 50 % to 10 %, the losses strongly reduce, inducing an increase of the quality factor from about 30 to 50 at 60 GHz, compared to less than 12 for a classical CPW. This value of quality factor constitutes the actual state-of-the art in a Silicon based technology.
Facilitating translation of technical information for the international market

With more US companies going outside the country to do business, creating good technical information that can be easily translated is a major concern. The author examines three areas of translations: (1) how information can be developed so it can be easily translated; (2) how the company can communicate with the translators throughout information development and translation; and (3) some of the unique problems that translators have and what can be done to prevent them. It is concluded that, by first facilitating translation during the information-development phase and then by communicating openly and frequently with the translators, companies can ensure a smooth translation cycle. >
A Biomechanical Model of Human Ankle Angle Changes Arising From Short Peri-Threshold Anterior Translations of Platform on Which a Subject Stands

This study modeled ankle angle changes during small forward perturbations of a standing platform. A two-dimensional biomechanical inverted pendulum model was developed that uses sway frequencies derived from quiet standing observations on a subject's anterior posterior center of pressure (APCoP) to track ankle angle changes during a 16 mm anterior displacement perturbation of a platform on which a subject stood. This model used the total torque generated at the ankle joint as one of the inputs, and calculated it assuming a PID controller. This feedback system generated a simulated ankle torque based on the angular position of the center of mass (CoM) with respect to vertical line passing through the ankle joint. This study also assumed that the internal components of the net torque were only a controller torque and a sway-pattern-generating torque. The final inputs to the model were the platform acceleration and anthropometric terms. This model of postural sway dynamics predicted sway angle and the trajectory of the center of mass. Knowing these relationships can advance an understanding of the ankle strategy employed in balance control.
Profits and perils in the antiques and collectibles market: the influence of product knowledge structures on dealer exchange outcomes

The secondary market for antiques and collectibles represents a disorganized market channel characterized by competition for supply of rare goods and retail sales arising from non-traditional channels, loose ties among channel members, and largely unregulated transactions between buyers and sellers. This study explores how knowledge structures affect dealers' abilities to turn a profit in the antiques and collectibles market. Data were obtained from in-depth interviews with eight professional antiques and collectibles dealers operating in different regions of the United States. Findings indicate that while information is widespread, its credibility can be difficult to assess without some degree of product and market knowledge. Furthermore, the findings show knowledge plays a critical and somewhat differential role in the ability of professional dealers to turn a profit. Knowledge asymmetries that create favorable conditions for profits when dealers hold the balance of informational power in the upstream a...
Treatment outcome after induction chemotherapy before allogeneic hematopoietic SCT in patients with advanced MDS

6502 Background: The need for induction chemotherapy (IC) before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloSCT) in advanced myelodysplatic syndrome (MDS) remains controversial. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of the remission rate in 99 patients with advanced MDS (≥5% marrow blasts) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML, ≥ 20% blasts) evolving from MDS, who were treated with IC before receiving cytoreduction for SCT. These patients were referred to MSKCC for alloSCT from 6/1980 to 10/2004, and subsequently underwent an unmodified or T cell-depleted (TCD) SCT from a matched or mismatched related or unrelated donor after myeloablative cytoreduction in the majority. Results: All patients had MDS at diagnosis: 33% had high risk (HR), 22% intermediate risk (IR) and 42% good risk (GR) cytogenetics; 38% had HR, 32% IR-2 and 25% IR-1 IPSS. The median age was 43 (range 2–66). 76% had primary and 24% had secondary MDS (chemotherapy or radiation). At the time of IC, 64% had frank AML, 33% RAEB-1 and 2, ...
Antimony-based long-wavelength VCSELs

This talk will summarize the latest progresses in the development of 1.3 ?m VCSELs using GaAsSb/GaAs quantum wells based on GaAs substrate and report a novel VCSEL design for high-power single-mode operation.
Neural mechanisms of sensitivity to peer information in young adult cannabis users

Though social influence is a critical factor in the initiation and maintenance of marijuana use, the neural correlates of influence in those who use marijuana are unknown. In this study, marijuana-using young adults (MJ; n = 20) and controls (CON; n = 23) performed a decision-making task in which they made a perceptual choice after viewing the choices of unknown peers via photographs, while they underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. The MJ and CON groups did not show differences in the overall number of choices that agreed with versus opposed group influence, but only the MJ group showed reaction time slowing when deciding against group choices. Longer reaction times were associated with greater activation of frontal regions. The MJ goup, compared to CON, showed significantly greater activation in the caudate when presented with peer information. Across groups, caudate activation was associated with self-reported susceptibility to influence. These findings indicate that young adults who use MJ may exhibit increased effort when confronted with opposing peer influence, as well as exhibit greater responsivity of the caudate to social information. These results not only better define the neural basis of social decisions, but also suggest that marijuana use is associated with exaggerated neural activity during decision making that involves social information.
The Strategies on English Vocabulary Teaching among the Preparatory Students of Yi Nationality

The preparatory students of Yi nationality can’t master and apply the English new words of the textbook.The crux of the problem lies mainly in which they can’t remember the English new words firmly,and they are forgetful of them.In order to help the students of Yi People not to forget the new words,and expand their English vocabulary lasting-effectively,the author suggests that the three strategies on English vocabulary teaching,the logical memory of English words,the associative memory an,the affixation and the resolution methods should be adopted in the process of the Preparatory college English vocabulary teaching.
Government Emergency Management and Fire Command Center Construction

Currently, emergency management has become the focus of the government's work on strengthening safety management, deepening the emergency rescue, and maintaining social harmony and stability. By analyzing how the government handled the public emergencies, government emergency management and the existing problems of fire command center construction, this paper puts forward the related measures and suggestions, and makes a conclusion that it is significant to establish a sound emergency management mechanism with the local government playing the principal role when the government and security aid agencies deal with accidents.
Investigation on knowledge and behaviors of hand-foot-and-mouth disease among children's parents and kindergartens teachers in Pingxiang City,Jiangxi

Objective To understand the awareness rate of children's parents and kindergartens teachers on basic knowledge of prevention and control of hand-foot-and-mouth disease(HFMD),and provide evidence for further health education.Methods 211 kindergartens teachers and 196 children's parents were surveyed by self-designed questionnaire.Results89.3% of the children's parents knew HFMD,the total awareness rate of basic knowledge on HFMD was 61.1%.All of the kindergartens teachers knew HFMD,total awareness rate was 82.1%.Among 7 questions related to teaching their children health behaviors,more than 90% of children's parents had correct behaviors on 5 questions,more than 90% of kindergartens teachers had correct behaviors on all of 7 questions.Among questions related to health behavior in daily life,more than 90%of children's parents had correct behaviors on 7 questions of all 10 questions,more than 90% of kindergartens teachers had correct behaviors on all of 11 questions.Awareness and health behavior formation rates of children's parents who lived in city were higher than that of children's parents who lived in the countryside,children's parents who were under 45 years old had higher rates than children's parents who were over 45 years of age,children's parents who had senior school(secondary) degree had higher rates than children's parents who had the junior school and primary school degree.Awareness and health behavior formation rates of public kindergartens teachers were higher than that of private kindergartens teachers.Conclusion Children's parents and kindergartens teachers in Pingxiang had mastered parts of prevention and control knowledge of HFMD,but awareness and health behavior formation rates were still low.Increasing the strength of health education on prevention and control knowledge of HFMD was necessary.It is needed to take pertinent and easy-to-read methods among the private kindergartens teachers,rural people,people who had low level of culture and the elderly guardians.
Banting and Best and those who went before.

(1992). Banting and Best and Those Who Went Before. Hospital Practice: Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 123-132.
Müllerian remnants in complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.

Patients with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome rarely have Mullerian remnants. A patient with this syndrome found to have a microscopic fallopian tube at the time of gonadectomy is described and possible etiologies for the finding are discussed.
Bariatric Surgery Outcomes in US Accredited vs Non-Accredited Centers: A Systematic Review

Background Accreditation for bariatric surgery has been scrutinized recently for its impact on surgical outcomes. This study aimed to systematically examine the medical literature to examine the impact of bariatric accreditation on surgical outcomes. Study Design The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and checklist were used. The MEDLINE database was searched for the following terms (2000 through September 2014): gastric bypass or bariatric surgery or sleeve gastrectomy or vertical banded gastroplasty or biliopancreatic diversion or duodenal switch or adjustable gastric band or weight loss surgery and accreditation or center of excellence or credentialing or national coverage decision or CMS or Medicare . Only studies in English and articles comparing accredited with non-accredited centers were included. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for evaluation of all studies. Results Thirteen studies were published in a very short time frame and covered >1.5 million patients. Ten of the 13 studies identified a substantial benefit of Center of Excellence accreditation for risk-adjusted outcomes. Six of the 8 studies reported a considerable reduction in mortality in patients operated on in Centers of Excellence, with odds ratios ranging from 2.26 to 3.57 for non-accredited centers; 2 studies showed no significant difference. Similarly, morbidity was reduced in 8 of 11 studies, although more discreetly, with odds ratios ranging from 1.09 to 1.39. Conclusions This study found that the preponderance of medical evidence supports accreditation for bariatric surgery.
Expanding the Retail Marketplace: Understanding the Internet Shopper

Exploration of the characteristics and consumer behaviors of Internet shoppers represents an important starting point for advancing our knowledge of the proper place for these shoppers in current shopper classification schemes. The research agenda proposed here seeks to explore such issues, offering exploratory results regarding shoppers’ thoughts on Internet shopping.
The Patient Care Paradox: An Interprofessional Qualitative Study of Agitated Patient Care in the Emergency Department

Objectives The emergency department (ED) has been recognized as a high-risk environment for workplace violence. Acutely agitated patients who perpetrate violence against healthcare workers represent a complex care challenge in the ED. Recommendations to improve safety are often based on expert opinion rather than empirical data. In this study we aim to describe the lived experience of staff members caring for this population in order to provide a broad perspective of ED patient violence. The findings of this study will contribute to the development of a comprehensive framework for ED agitated patient care that will guide safety interventions. Methods We conducted uniprofessional focus groups and individual interviews using a phenomenological approach with emergency medicine resident physicians, ED staff nurses, patient care technicians and hospital police officers at an urban hospital in New York City. Audio recordings were transcribed and coded for thematic analysis using the constant comparison method. Results We reached theoretical saturation with 31 interprofessional participants. Three broad themes emerged from our analysis: (1) ED healthcare workers provide high quality care to a marginalized patient population that concurrently poses safety threats, creating a patient care paradox; (2) teamwork is critical to safely managing this population, but hierarchy and professional silos hinder coordinated care between healthcare professionals; (3) environmental challenges and systems issues both in and outside the ED exacerbate threats to safety. Conclusion The experience of ED staff members while caring for agitated patients is complex and multi-dimensional. We identified issues that coalesced into four tiers of healthcare delivery at the individual, team, environment and system levels. Future research is needed to determine applicability of our findings across institutions in order to build a comprehensive framework for ED agitated patient care. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Closure to “Discussion of ‘Development of an Internal Camera-Based Volume Determination System for Triaxial Testing’ by S. E. Salazar, A. Barnes, and R. A. Coffman” by A. Mehdizadeh, M. M. Disfani, R. Evans, A. Arulrajah, and D. E. L. Ong

The discussion paper, written by Mehdizadeh et al., provided discourse on a technical note entitled “Development of an Internal Camera-Based Volume Determination System for Triaxial Testing,” which presented a novel technique of photographically monitoring soil specimens during triaxial tests by utilizing small board cameras internal to the triaxial cell. Here, a closure to the discussion paper was provided; queries raised by the discussers were addressed, ambiguities were clarified, and additional testing data to support the closure were provided.
Does Addition of SPECT/CT Improve Curie Scoring in Neuroblastoma?

1710 Objectives SPECT/CT can aid in identification and evaluation of primary neuroblastoma lesions and metastases. The objective of this study is to determine if SPECT/CT should be included in the Curie scoring processs to improve the accuracy of clinical studies of neuroblastoma therapy. Methods Each of 29 clinically acquired I-123-MIBG imaging studies in 18 children with neuroblastoma was retrospectively scored by 2 members of a 3 physician panel who were experienced in interpretation of I-123-MIBG scans in neuroblastoma patients. Reviewers were blinded to the clinical interpretation. First, they scored a set of planar images that included anterior and posterior whole body and lateral skull images. Then SPECT images with co-registered low dose CT were reviewed in combination with planar images and a second Curie score was calculated. A single SPECT acquisition with a 39.5 cm z-axis field of view was performed that included chest, abdomen and/or pelvis depending on the location of the primary tumor and patient length. Results Planar image Curie scores were 0 in 4 patient studies, >0 and ≤4 in 7 studies, >4 and ≤20 in 9 studies and >20 in 9 studies. Curie scores increased by an average of 1 point when SPECT/CT was added to planar imaging. When the planar Curie score was 0, SPECT/CT did not identify any missed sites of disease. Nine studies demonstrated no metastatic disease on planar imaging and SPECT/CT did not identify undetected metastases in any of these studies. The only clinically important change occurred in 2 studies with planar Curie scores of 1, where SPECT/CT indicated that the I-123-MIBG uptake in the torso on planar imaging was not due to tumor in both cases. Conclusions Curie scores changed little when SPECT/CT imaging was added to planar imaging for scoring purposes. In the 29 studies, there were no increases in Curie score that would have affected classification of patient prognosis. SPECT/CT prevented a false positive reading in 2 patients with no other disease.
Pediatric Pial AVF.

This is a 6y/o female patient who presented with an intracerebral haemorrhage. A) Coronal MRI shows flow voids, haemorrhage, and surrounding edema. B) Lateral internal carotid artery (ICA) pre-embolization angiograms shows the fistula and venous drainage. C) Lateral ICA angiograms post embolization shows elimination of the fistula using one detachable balloon. The numbers show the mean arterial pressures at those locations pre/post embolization.
Compensation by the residual intestine after intestinal resection in the rat. II. Influence of postoperative time interval.

The sequence of events which comprise the early response of the residual intestine to 70% resection of the combined jejunum and ileum was investigated. Animals were killed at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 postoperative days. Marked increases in DNA synthesis expressed as disintegrations per minute per crypt, cells per crypt column, labeled cells per crypt column, thickness of intestinal wall components, and cells per villus column were apparent as early as 2 to 4 postoperative days. By 12 days, the values had reached the 30-day postoperative levels found in earlier experiments, indicating that a new steady state had already been reached. Jejunal and ileal crypts responded nearly the same during the first 12 days with their sizes increasing to about 150% of control values. However, although jejunal villus cell counts increased to 125% of controls, the ileal villus cell counts increased to 180% of controls, indicating that the sizes of the two crypt and villus epithelial cell populations are independently controlled.
Religious Liberty, Free Exercise, and RFRA in the United States

Alzate provides an overview of the Supreme Court’s attempts to balance the individual freedom of religion against both government authority and the rights and freedoms of other people. This is particularly difficult in laws that are otherwise neutral and of general applicability but have the effect of restricting religious liberty . The difficulty in finding this balance resulted in the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), which imposes the compelling interest test on neutral laws that infringe on religious liberty. This chapter examines the significance of RFRA, as well as the case history leading up to it. Alzate analyzes the concept of religious liberty embodied in this history as applied to three examples: the government employee, the employer, and the small business owner.
Information Seeking on Social Media Sites: An Exploratory Study

This study reports on a survey that was conducted to investigate the use of social media technologies for seeking information. The objective of this study is to gain an understanding of how best to provide information that is useful to information seekers. Four categories of information were explored: sensitive, sensational, political and casual information, across five social media technologies: social networks, micro-blogging sites, wikis, online forums, and online blogs. The results show that information seekers tend to use social networks, followed by microblogging sites for seeking information more than they do other social media technologies. This paper concludes with implications for practice and future research.
Pathology of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma and Related Conditions

Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) is defined as lymphoma confined to the brain, eye, spinal cord, or leptomeninges without evidence of prior or concurrent lymphoma outside of the nervous system. Other types of lymphoma that involve the nervous system include lymphoma of peripheral nerves and nerve roots, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, and intravascular lymphoma; these lymphomas, as well as lymphoma of the dura mater are reviewed in the sections that follow.
Correlated Randomness: Rare and Not-so-Rare Events in Finance

One challenge of economics is that the systems treated by these sciences have no perfect metronome in time and no perfect spatial architecture—crystalline or otherwise. Nonetheless, as if by magic, out of nothing but randomness one finds remarkably fine-tuned processes in time. To understand this “miracle,” one might consider placing aside the human tendency to see the universe as a machine. Instead, one might address the challenge of uncovering how, through randomness (albeit, as we shall see, strongly correlated randomness), one can arrive at many temporal patterns in economics. Inspired by principles developed by statistical physics over the past 50 years—scale invariance and universality—we review some recent applications of correlated randomness to economics.
Subsea laser scanning and imaging systems

Abstract: This chapter covers the basics of scanning imaging systems that are designed to mitigate the effects of light scattering within the imaging medium on the resultant formed image. Descriptions of the basic principles of operation for the laser line scan system (LLS) and laser range gated system, are covered as well as details for the dual pyramidal and single hexagonal polygonal scanners. Aside from covering monostatic or quasi-monostatic scanner configurations, also discussed are bistatic and multistatic systems that can employ temporal or frequency division coding in the reconstruction of the scanned object space. This is followed by a brief review of 3D scanning imagers and those using optical wavelength or frequency conversion methodology.
Predictive Performance of Alternative Inflation Forecasting Models: New International Evidence

Inflation rate and its volatility have been at a subdued level for most industrialized and emerging countries since the mid-1990s. The objective of this study is to evaluate the predictive performance of three alternative inflation forecasting models -- univariate time-series (ARIMA) model, Phillips curve model, and naive model -- for a selected number of inflation-targeting countries and non-inflation targeting countries over the period 1998-2015, a unique period marked by relatively low and stable inflation rate. It is found that out-of-sample inflation forecasts generated by ARIMA model are more accurate than those generated by the other two forecasting models for the majority of these countries. This study concludes, that during the period of low inflation rate, the central bank should weigh inflation forecasts obtained from a simple time-series model, such as ARIMA model, more heavily in its decisionmaking process.
Winning With Personality: Underscoring Antecedents for College Students’ Motives for Team Identification:

While collegiate athletic departments seek new ways to engage fans, this study proposes a novel approach for understanding sport fans’ motivations by examining how they moderate the relationship be...
Adipose Tissue CTGF Expression is Associated with Adiposity and Insulin Resistance in Humans.

Objective Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is an important regulator of fibrogenesis in many organs. This study evaluated the interrelationship among adipose tissue CTGF expression, fat mass, and insulin resistance in humans. Methods This study examined (1) CTGF gene expression in human subcutaneous preadipocytes before and after inducing adipogenesis; (2) relationships among abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue CTGF gene expression, body fat mass, and indices of insulin sensitivity, including the hepatic insulin sensitivity index and the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp procedure in conjunction with stable isotope glucose tracer infusion, in 72 people who had marked differences in adiposity and insulin sensitivity; (3) localization of CTGF protein in subcutaneous adipose tissue; and (4) effect of progressive (5%, 11%, and 16%) weight loss on adipose tissue CTGF gene expression. Results CTGF was highly expressed in preadipocytes, not adipocytes. Adipose tissue CTGF expression was strongly correlated with body fat mass and both skeletal muscle and liver insulin sensitivity, and CTGF-positive cells were predominantly found in areas of fibrosis. Progressive weight loss caused a stepwise decrease in adipose tissue CTGF expression. Conclusions It was concluded that increased CTGF expression is associated with adipose tissue expansion, adipose tissue fibrosis, and multi-organ insulin resistance in people with obesity.