cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Age-related differences in the pancreatic β-cell response to hyperglycemia after eccentric exercise

Eccentric exercise (ECC) causes muscle damage, insulin resistance, and increased pancreatic β-cell secretion in young individuals. However, the effects of age on the pancreatic β-cell response to g...
Color constancy using denoising methods and cepstral analysis

We address here the problem of color constancy and propose two new methods for achieving color constancy-the first method uses denoising techniques such as a Gaussian filter, Median filter, Bilateral filter and Non-local means filter to smooth the image for illuminant estimation, while the second method acts in the frequency domain by doing a cepstral analysis of the image. We provide extensive validation tests for our illuminant estimation on commonly used datasets having images under different illumination conditions, and the results show that both new methods outperform current state-of-the-art color constancy approaches, at a very low computational cost.
Infectious Disease Screening for Refugees Resettled in the United States

Refugees resettling in the United States carry a significant burden of infectious diseases as a result of exposures in their countries of origin and the circumstances of their migration. Overseas screening is required before entry, but it incompletely assesses infectious diseases in refugees. Domestic health assessment has the potential to provide more comprehensive assessment for infectious diseases. Screening protocols ideally should test for tuberculosis, hepatitis B, and intestinal and other parasites and should include mechanisms for providing or updating immunizations. Testing for other infectious diseases, including malaria, hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus, and sexually transmitted diseases, can be performed on the basis of clinical signs and symptoms. This article reviews the current status of overseas and domestic health screening for refugees, infectious disease burdens, and future goals for health assessment of refugees and other immigrants.
BMP4 localization and PCNA expression during distraction osteogenesis of the porcine mandible.

Abstract This study characterized sequential molecular and cellular events in the porcine mandibular distraction osteogenesis (DO) wound. Nineteen Yucatan minipigs were divided into three treatment groups: Group A, unilateral mandibular distraction with 0 day latency, 1mm/day rate for 12 days, 24 days fixation ( n =16); Group B, acute lengthening 12mm ( n =2); Group C, sham control ( n =1). Group A was further divided by death date: mid-DO ( n =5), end-DO ( n =4), mid-fixation ( n =5) and end-fixation ( n =2). Groups B and C were killed on postoperative day 36, corresponding to end-fixation. Specimens were stained for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4). Cellular proliferation (PCNA) was assessed quantitatively and BMP4 staining was assessed on a semi-quantitative scale. Progenitor cell proliferation was greatest during mid-DO and decreased from end-DO through end-fixation. Proliferation in the acute lengthening group was elevated relative to sham control and comparable to end-DO. BMP4 staining intensity (localized to the periosteal cambium layer) was greatest during mid- and end-DO, decreased at mid-fixation and was undetectable at end-fixation. Progenitor cell proliferation and BMP4 expression are greatest during mid-DO and decrease progressively thereafter. At the time of death of the acute lengthening group, only increased cell proliferation was demonstrated.
Hero or Custodian? The Polarization of Retiring CEO Beliefs and Strategic Risk Taking

Retirement represents a key event in an individual’s career. Issues arising from impending retirement are especially complex in the context of firm leaders. So-called CEO retirement horizon problem...
Operating-room throughput: strategies for improvement.

Orthopaedic surgery is a discipline of increasing importance as an avenue for health-care delivery in the United States. Americans of working age and older (sixty-five years and over) identify disorders of the musculoskeletal system as the foremost cause of limitation of activity1. The country's population is aging, as the proportion of individuals sixty-five years of age and older is growing at a faster rate than the total population. Furthermore, the number of orthopaedic procedures and the corresponding allocation of resources are expected to increase in coming years. For example, the annual demand for primary total knee arthroplasty has been projected to reach 3.48 million procedures by the year 2030, and the quantity of revision knee arthroplasties is estimated to increase 601% from 2005 levels by that same year2. Increasing demands are being placed on the health-care system, as a result of the growing number of people in need of care and the continuing advances in costly technology3. The concurrent changes in reimbursements and rising costs have created pressures to increase clinical efficiency, specifically targeting the most resource-intensive unit in the hospital: the operating room4. As a consequence of increasing costs combined with diminishing health-care resources, interest in the economic examination and evaluation of health care is growing. Bozic et al. identified a paucity of economic studies of health care in the orthopaedic literature, providing evidence that most orthopaedic surgeons are not familiar with economic principles and their relation to the health-care system5. In consideration of the importance that is placed on operating-room efficiency as a necessity for the continued function of most health-care delivery institutions, we reviewed and assessed the state of the literature concerning this increasingly important issue, seeking to identify successful strategies that increase the throughput as well …
Programmable mobile networks

Existing mobile systems (e.g., mobile IP, mobile ATM and third generation cellular systems) lack the intrinsic architectural flexibility to deal with the complexity of supporting adaptive mobile applications in wireless and mobile environments. We believe that there is a need to develop alternative network architectures from the existing ones to deal with the demands placed on underlying mobile signalling, adaptation management and wireless transport systems in support of new mobile services, e.g. interactive multimedia and web access. In this paper we present the design, implementation and evaluation of mobiware, a middleware technology that enables the introduction of new services in mobile networks. Mobiware provides a toolkit that service providers can utilize to build services that can dynamically exploit the intrinsic scalable properties of mobile multimedia applications in response to time-varying mobile network conditions. Based on an open programmable networking paradigm, mobiware runs on mobile devices, wireless access points and mobile-capable switch/routers providing a set of open programmable interfaces and distributed objects for adaptive mobile networking. Mobiware is software-intensive and is built on CORBA and Java distributed object technologies. The source code for mobiware v1.0 is freely available (comet.columbia.edu/mobiware) for experimentation.
CONSTRUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN SALIVARY HISTATIN-5 MULTIMERS

Human salivary histatin-5 (Hsn-5), a 24-amino acid polypeptide, is a potent candidacidal molecule. In this study, we have explored the following two hypotheses: More potent Hsn molecules may be achieved by duplication of the functional domain of Hsn-5 (C16, residues 9-24 of Hsn-5), and Hsn may act like other cationic peptides which aggregate and form channels across the target membrane. A PCR-based gene splicing by overlap extension (SOE) method was used to construct the DNA fragments encoding the following fusion molecules: Hsn-5--Hsn-5, Hsn-5--C16, and C16--C16. These constructs were expressed in E. coli, the proteins produced were purified, and their anticandidal activities as well as secondary structures were determined. Contrary to our hypotheses, results showed that none of the multimers possessed increased candidacidal activity. Specifically, C16--C16 and Hsn-5--C16 displayed candidacidal activity comparable with that of Hsn-5, while Hsn-5--Hsn-5 possessed significantly decreased candidacidal activity, yet all molecules retained an alpha-helical structure in a hydrophobic environment. Additionally, the circular dichroism data showed that Hsn-5 in an alpha-helical conformation does not aggregate in a hydrophobic environment, not even at 14- to 18-fold its physiological concentration. Our results suggest that the development of enhanced Hsn-5 molecules may not be achieved by duplication of its functional domain, and that Hsns may not act like other antimicrobial cationic peptides which aggregate and form channels across the target membrane.
Optical interconnect design for a manufacturable multicomputer

In spite of the clear bandwidth advantages of optical technologies, current commercial multicomputers are still designed exclusively using electronic interconnects. This is due, in part, to the manufacturing complexity of existing optical interconnects, as well as architectural designs that are optimized for electrical rather than optical technology. We present the design of an optically interconnected multicomputer that addresses both of the above concerns: the optical interconnect is easily manufacturable and the architecture is designed around the capabilities and limitations of optical technology.
“These Stray Letters of Mine”: Forgery and Self-Creation in the Letters of Cardinal William O'Connell

The essay proves that the published Letters of His Eminence, William Cardinal O'Connell (1915) are forgeries. They are still useful, however, in understanding the process by which individuals create and re-create their own lives and in demonstrating the power we invest in documents thought to be “original.”
Multifocal Subacute Necrotizing Encephalomyelopathy in Simmental Calves

In 24 cases of multifocal necrotizing encephalopathy (MNE) in Simmental and Simmental-cross cattle, clinical features varied, consisting of mild rear limb ataxia, caudal paresis, and, less often, sudden death. Bilateral and symmetric malacic lesions were present in the brain stem (olivary nucleus) of all affected calves. Foci of malacia affecting thoracic spinal cord and additional brain stem sites were common. Neuronal cell bodies and hypertrophied capillaries were present within malacic foci. Rarefaction of neuropil, progressing to complete parenchymal loss, characterized advanced lesions. Pathologic features were similar to those of Leigh syndrome in humans, and a similar defect in aerobic metabolism is hypothesized. Occurrence of the syndrome within 1 breed over a wide geographic area suggests that hereditary factors contribute to development of MNE.
Energy Expenditure in Children: The Role of NEAT

By the law of conservation of energy, body fat increases when energy intake is consistently greater than energy expenditure. Excess body fat and obesity are the result of sustained positive energy balance (1). The pandemic of obesity has spread from the United States to Europe and is now emerging in middle- and even low-income countries (2). In the United States, for example, since the 1970s the weight of the average person has increased by ~12 kg; importantly this trend affects all ages, races, and socio-economic groups (3).
Preparing new faculty members for their teaching role

Institutional support for new faculty members can make them more effective as they seek to develop and refine their teaching.
Preliminary Development of the Parent Involvement in Early Learning Scale for Low-Income Families Enrolled in a Child-Development-Focused Home Visiting Program.

Salient early intervention approaches for children below the age of 3 years, such as home visiting, seek to strengthen the pivotal role that parents play in fostering their young children’s early l...
9 Perceiving Animacy and Intentionality: Visual Processing or Higher-Level Judgment?

We can identify social agents in our environment not only on the basis of how they look, but also on the basis of how they move—and even simple geometric shapes can give rise to rich percepts of animacy and intentionality based on their motion patterns. But why should we think that such phenomena truly reflect visual processing, as opposed to higher-level judgment and categorization based on visual input? This chapter explores five lines of evidence: (1) The phenomenology of visual experience, (2) dramatic dependence on subtle visual display details, (3) implicit influences on visual performance, (4) activation of visual brain areas, and (5) interactions with other visual processes. Collectively, this evidence provides compelling support for the idea that visual processing itself traffics in animacy and intentionality.
Sepsis results in an altered renal metabolic and osmolyte profile

Abstract Background Sepsis remains a major health-care burden and source of morbidity and mortality. Acute kidney injury and failure frequently accompanies severe sepsis and contributes to this burden. Despite a great deal of research, the exact mechanisms underlying renal failure in sepsis are poorly understood. This study aims to further understand metabolic changes in renal tissue during sepsis. Materials and methods Experimental sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in C57BL/6 mice. Serum and organs were harvested 8 h after CLP. Markers of renal function including serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and cystatin C were measured. Whole kidneys were analyzed for a global biochemical profile via liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry by Metabolon. Results CLP induced renal injury as evidenced by elevated serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and cystatin C. Global energetic profile in sepsis showed an increase in glycolytic intermediates with decreased flux through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Multiple inflammatory markers were elevated in response to CLP. Levels of osmotic regulators varied, with an overall increase in pinitol, urea, and taurine in response to CLP. Conclusions CLP resulted in dramatic changes in the renal macromolecular milieu. There appears to be an increased dependence on glycolysis and diminished flush through the TCA cycle. In addition, changes in renal osmolytes including pinitol, urea, and taurine were observed, perhaps uncovering an additional change with implications on renal function during sepsis.
Giant Fungating Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Scrotum

We present an unusual case of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) arising from a non-sun-exposed area. The patient was 69-year-old male with an enlarging giant fungating mass protruding from his scrotum for which he did not seek medical treatment until recently. The mass did not involve the scrotum or epididymis and was confirmed on ultrasound. The patient underwent wide surgical excision and was diagnosed with BCC of the scrotum. Scrotal BCC appears to be more aggressive and more likely to metastasize compared with lesions arising from other areas of the body.
The risk of post-pill amenorrhea: a preliminary report from the Menstruation and Reproduction History Research Program.

Menstrual cycle lengths were recorded before and after oral contraceptive (OC) use in 245 women who used and discontinued OCs between 1965 and 1969 were aged 20-39 when they began OC use and did not become amenorrheic on the pill or pregnant before return of menses when they stopped taking the pill. 57.2% were nulliparous and 26.4% primiparous; 91% were aged 20-29. Their pre- and post-pill cycles were compared with each other and with those of similar controls who had never used OCs. The data showed a delay averaging about 5 days in the return of menses immediately after OCs were discontinued. By the 7th week after stopping there was no significant difference between pre- and post-pill cycles. Although the rate of 90-day amenorrhea was 2.3 times higher after use than before this difference was not statistically significant. The relative risk of 90-day amenorrhea attributable to OC use is estimated to be 1.1-1.7/100 women.
Toluene methylation on AlPO4-Al2O3 catalysts (5–15 wt.% Al2O3)

The alkylation of toluene with methanol over AlPO4-Al2O3 (5–15 wt.% Al2O3) catalysts produces a mixture of xylenes (XYL) although trimethylbenzenes (TMB) were also found. The TMB selectivity increased with temperature at the expense of XYL selectivity. Isomer distribution was approximately 48, 24 and 27 mol% foro-, m- andp-XYL, and 74, 26 and 0 mol% for 1,2,3-, 1,2,4- and 1,3,5-TMB, both quite different from the equilibrium isomer composition. The catalytic activity increased with alumina content, however, it decreased on increasing the calcination temperature in the 923–1273 K range. Good correlations between catalytic activity and the increase in acidic properties with Al2O3 loading (as determined by base chemisorption, in the gas phase,versus pyridine and 2,6-dimethylpyridine) have been obtained.
Progesterone inhibition of glucocorticoid binding to mammary tissue from lactating and nonlactating cows.

AbstractMammary tissue cytosols (105,000g supernatants) were prepared from lactating or from nonlactating, nonpregnant cows, then incubated with [3H]dexamethasone alone (3 × 10-8M) or in combination with various unlabeled hormones (1.9 × 10-7 or 1.9 × 10-6M). Cortisol, corticosterone, and progesterone inhibited binding of [3H]dexamethasone, whereas testosterone, cortisone, and estradiol-17 β did not. Binding affinities of mammary cytosols from lactating and nonlactating cows for [3H]dexamethasone (0.5 to 100 nM) were virtually identical averaging 1.4 (± 0.3) and 2.0 (± 1.2) × 10-9M, respectively. However, binding capacities of mammary tissue slices (fmole dexamethasone/μg DNA) were greater in lactating (2.3) than in nonlactating (1.5) cows. Specific cytosolic binding sites sedimented at 8 and 4 S on sucrose gradients. Whole mammary slices were incubated with 3 × 10-9M [3H]dexamethasone alone or in combination with 10-13 to 10-5 × 3.8 M progesterone or 3 × 10-7M dexamethasone, and cytoplasmic and nuclear f...
Phenothiazine-induced hyperglycemia: relation to CNS and adrenal effects.

SummaryThe ability of 4 phenothiazines to induce hyperglycemia, to decrease motor activity in mice, and to release catecholamines from isolated bovine adrenals, were not well correlated. Fluphenazine produced the greatest CNS depression with a minimal hyperglycemia. Chlorpromazine produced the greatest hyperglycemia but was not the best releasing agent in isolated adrenals. It appears that the hyperglycemic action of the phenothiazines may be minimized without sacrificing CNS activity by selecting the appropriate derivative. Variation in extra-adrenal effects on blood sugar may explain the lack of correlation between production of hyperglycemia and adrenal catecholamine release by the phenothiazines studied.
Guided wave damage detection with PZT-FBG sensing

This paper presents guided waves based damage detection by using a hybrid PZT actuator and optic fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. In the hybrid sensing, a piezoelectric wafer (PZT) is used to generate incident guided waves based on the piezoelectric principle. Meanwhile, multiple fiber Bragg grating sensors (FBG) are adopted as receivers to measure the high-frequency small-strain guided waves base on the full width half maximum (FWHM) principle. If the inspected structure has damage such as hole, crack and notch, the incident guided waves will be reflected or scattered by the damage. Through multiple FBG sensors at different locations, the damage induced waves can be acquired and further processed for damage detection. In this research, two configurations are explored, the rosette and line arrangements of multiple sensors. The sensing and wave source localization on aluminum plate are demonstrated. The results show that wave source can be successfully detected by using both the FBG rosette and the FBG array.
Review on the regionalization of tropical zone in China

Based upon a review on lots of historical literatures and natural,agricultural,climatic regionalization of the northern boundary of south subtropical zone in China,this paper summarized the characteristics of the regionalization work in different stages,gave a brief introduction to the methodology in the regionalization of China,and discussed some issues on the regionalization work of the northern boundary of south subtropical zone in China.Then,the existence problems and reasons of these works were analyzed,and the measures and methods were proposed to regional the northern boundary of south subtropical zone in China.
Cost-effect analysis of the immunization strategy of infant hepatitis B vaccination implemented in Tianjin from 1992 to 2010

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and economic benefits of the immunization strategy of infant hepatitis B vaccination implemented in Tianjin from 1992 to 2010. Methods The related data were collected from hepatitis B vaccine immunization reports and serological surveillance results from Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and from a large-scale community surveillance of hepatitis B and HBV-related diseases. Patients with hepatitis B and HBV-related diseases were the subjects of economic burden investigation. Cost-benefit analysis method was used to make a comprehensive evaluation of the immunization strategy. Results Under the present immunization strategy, the reported morbidity of the population aged younger than 20 in Tianjin decreased by 33.00% from 14.14/100 000 in 1992 to 9.46/100 000 in 2010. The number of patients with HBsAg positives decreased by 98 984 cases, the number of patients with chronic hepatitis B decreased by 17 830 cases, the number of patients with HBVrelated liver cirrhosis decreased by 5310 cases, and the number of patients with liver cancer decreased by 1606 cases. The total benefit was 47.351 billion yuan, and the net benefit was 47.312 billion yuan with a benefit/cost ratio of 1213 ∶1. Conclusion The current immunization strategy of infant hepatitis B vaccination implemented in Tianjin acquires huge economic and social benefits.
Analysis and Survey of Classified Proportion and Change of Smear-positive Tuberculosis in Xinjiang from 1992 to 2004

Objective To analyze the classified proportion and change of the smear-positive tuberculosis in Xinjiang.Methods The report form of the project from 1992 to 2004 was analyzed,combining with the summarizing analysis of the retrospective investigation on 332 case histories of retreated patients in registered treatment of sampled 18 counties and cities in 2005 and field investigation on 31 recurring patients in current treatment.Results The proportion of initial treatment in patients with smear-positive tuberculosis kept about 80%;65% of the re-treated patients received the treatment in the control institutions of tuberculosis.In the near 3 years,the proportion of recurred patients occupied over 50% of retreated patients.74% of the recurred patients resulted from the absence of administration and irregular treatment.Conclusions The proportion change of initial and re-treated patients correspond with the variation regularity after implementing DOTS.
Therapeutics bibliography for clinical pharmacists

A therapeutics bibliography for the clinical pharmacist is presented. The bibliography concentrates on the medicinal treatment of disease and drug-induced disease. It is divided into 10 internal medicine subspecialties and consists of the important literature for January 1974 through March 1979; important earlier material also is included. Cardiology, endocrinology and gastroenterology bibliographies are included in this issue; the remaining subspecialties will be covered in consecutive issues of the Journal. The organization, uses, and search and survey methods used to develop the bibliography are described. The bibliography can be helpful to pharmacy students, residents, and educators, and can be used for professional staff development in clinical pharmacy.
Asymmetric Information Problems in Workers’ Compensation Insurance

We have emphasized that workers’ compensation insurance (WC) is the most important public policy influencing workplace safety in the United States. We now examine the economic and policy implications of asymmetric information on the part of workers and firms concerning injury severity and compensability under WC. Concern over the difficulty in determining the information content of workers’ compensation claims is underscored in a recent Economic Report of the President (1987, p. 197), which noted that a growing body of research has found that workers’ compensation benefits have unfavorable effects on safety. Higher benefits appear to increase both the frequency of work injuries and the number of compensation claims filed. One explanation for the positive connection is the claim effect. Even if actual injuries remain constant, workers are more likely to file claims when benefits are higher, thereby producing more reported injuries.
The Role of Landscapes in Insect Resistance Management

In this chapter, we consider impacts of the landscape on resistance management through its effects on abiotic and biotic conditions, behavior of pests, and selection for resistance. For efficient development of IRM, the environment needs to be characterized with respect to the spatial and temporal distribution of the pest, the crop or toxin, refuge habitats, and variation within these elements in space and time. Without an understanding of temporal and spatial variability in natural and human-designed landscapes, resistance management plans will be difficult to implement successfully. First, we highlight how heterogeneity over space influences resistance management; then we emphasize how variability over time affects IRM.
Rhetorical Narratives of Black Entrepreneurs: The Business of Race, Agency, and Cultural Empowerment

Using cultural empowerment as a conceptual framework, this study emphasizes the interrelated role of culture, rhetorical agency, and empowerment in discursive analysis and communicative practice. T...
Gauß: Alle Gleichungen haben eine Lösung (1799)

Das Kapitel dreht sich um ein erstaunliches Resultat, das die Bedeutung der von Bombelli entdeckten komplexen Zahlen unterstreicht: Man kann nicht nur Quadratwurzeln negativer Zahlen ziehen, also die Gleichung x2 = −1 losen, sondern uberhaupt jede Gleichung, die Potenzen der gesuchten Unbekannten enthalt. Bis zu dieser Erkenntnis war es ein weiter Weg. Zunachst konnte man in den komplexen Zahlen nicht einmal Wurzeln ziehen, d.h. die Gleichung xn = a losen. Dazu musste erst die bei wirtschaftsmathematischen U berlegungen (Zinseszins) gefundene und von Leonhard Euler untersuchte Exponentialfunktion, deren Eigenschaften auf Pascals binomischer Formel beruhte, auf komplexe Zahlen erweitert werden. Danach konnte man andere Gleichungen vom Grad n als Variationen der Gleichung xn = a auffassen, daher sollten auch sie eine Losung besitzen. Der junge Carl Friedrich Gaus setzte sich in seiner Doktorarbeit (1799) mit den luckenhaften Versuchen seiner Vorganger auseinander, dies wirklich zu beweisen, und legte seine eigene Version vor, die darauf beruhte, dass gewisse Linien in der komplexen Ebene aus kombinatorischen Grunden einen Schnitt haben mussen.
Postoperative deep shoulder infections following rotator cuff repair

Rotator cuff repair (RCR) is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in orthopaedic surgery. The reported incidence of deep soft-tissue infections after RCR ranges between 0.3% and 1.9%. Deep shoulder infection after RCR appears uncommon, but the actual incidence may be higher as many cases may go unreported. Clinical presentation may include increasing shoulder pain and stiffness, high temperature, local erythema, swelling, warmth, and fibrinous exudate. Generalized fatigue and signs of sepsis may be present in severe cases. Varying clinical presentation coupled with a low index of suspicion may result in delayed diagnosis. Laboratory findings include high erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level, and, rarely, abnormal peripheral blood leucocyte count. Aspiration of glenohumeral joint synovial fluid with analysis of cell count, gram staining and culture should be performed in all patients suspected with deep shoulder infection after RCR. The most commonly isolated pathogens are Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Management of a deep soft-tissue infection of the shoulder after RCR involves surgical debridement with lavage and long-term intravenous antibiotic treatment based on the pathogen identified. Although deep shoulder infection after RCR is usually successfully treated, complications of this condition can be devastating. Prolonged course of intravenous antibiotic treatment, extensive soft-tissue destruction and adhesions may result in substantially diminished functional outcomes.
SPR Imaging Measurements of Peptide Microarrays in PDMS Microfluidic Channels on Gold Thin Films

The application of microfluidic channels created in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging is described. The microfluidic channels are used to both fabricate peptide line arrays and deliver small volumes (5 μL) of solution to the peptide array for the detection of sequence specific antibody adsorption onto chemically modified gold surfaces.
Mine Waste Remediation—United States Case Studies

Abstract Mine waste remediation strategies in the United States involve a mix of technologies influenced by the product being mined, the mining approach, the natural resources and receptors impacted, and the era, when the remediation approach was designed and implemented. In many but not all cases, the remediation strategy tends to work with, and not against, natural conditions (hydrology, hydrogeology, geology, and mineralogy of the remediation site). Depending on the commodity, the environmental consequences of elements in the commodity life cycle “downstream” of the mine can be as significant and as resource-intensive (from a remediation standpoint) as the mining operation. The scope of this chapter includes case studies involving the remediation of wastes at coal-mining sites and at a site where commodity refractories, in this case uranium mill tailings, have accumulated after ore beneficiation. The remediation approaches discussed include creative strategies used to combine active and passive technologies in parallel and in series. Remediation technologies associated with the case studies describe watershed approaches crafted to address contamination impacts originating throughout a given watershed as well as technologies focused on individual mine/ore processing facilities.
Well-Tempered and Just Modulation Steps

In the following table, the exclamation sign (!) in column 6 means that quantization is not possible for every translation quantity p in the notation of Theorem 30.
The impact bias in self and others: Affective and empathic forecasting in individuals with social anxiety.

Abstract People tend to overestimate the intensity and duration of affect (i.e., impact bias) when making predictions about their own and others' responding, termed affective and empathic forecasting, respectively. Research links impact biases to clinical symptoms of affective disorders, but little work has been done to examine how social anxiety is related to affective and empathic forecasting biases. The current investigation included two studies examining these associations in independent samples of young adults with dimensionally distributed social anxiety symptoms. Study 1 (N = 100) examined the associations between social anxiety and affective and empathic forecasts in response to a series of novel hypothetical vignettes in which a second-person narrator (i.e., the self) elicited anger, disgust, or happiness from another person (i.e., the other). Study 2 utilized an innovative experimental paradigm involving N = 68 participant dyads. Overall, results supported the existence of affective and empathic forecasting biases. Further, symptoms of social anxiety were associated with the tendency to overestimate one's own and others' negative affect and underestimate others' positive affect. Such forecasting biases may help to explain the avoidance that is characteristic of individuals with social anxiety and could represent a fruitful target of cognitive behavioral intervention.
Northern Waif Primates and Rodents

Whatever the origins of the members of the basic Paleocene and Eocene stocks of South American mammals (Simpson, 1950, pp. 368–373; 1978, p. 321; Patterson and Pascual, 1972, pp. 260–276; McKenna, 1981, pp. 56–70; Pascual et al, Chapter 8, this volume; Cifelli, Chapter 9, this volume), no new mammal types are known from the South American Eocene that would suggest any invasion of the continent from abroad. In the Deseadan, however, two orders appear for the first time in South America, the primates and the rodents, with no known possible South American ancestors. There is essentially universal agreement that the ancestors of the earliest known South American representatives of these orders reached that continent from abroad. Both orders (but not the suborders found in South America] are well known from the Paleocene and Eocene of the northern continents.
Anaerobic Urinary Tract Infection Owing to Bacteroides Fragilis in a Chronic Hemodialysis Patient

A chronic maintenance hemodialysis patient with severe oliguria and persistent anaerobic urinary tract infection owing to Bacteroides fragilis is presented. Review of the literature shows that the incidence of anaerobic pathogens in random urine cultures is high but that the incidence of clinically significant infection is low. Since the urethra harbors anaerobic organisms suprapubic aspiration of urine and culture are indicated to confirm true anaerobic urinary tract infection. Anaerobic infections are associated with urinary tract abnormalities and pyuria. The various therapeutic maneuvers that were used to treat the infection are discussed, including antibiotic instillation into the bladder and nephrectomy.
The Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carrier, HBOC-201, as a Resuscitation Fluid for Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock: The Naval Medical Research Center Experience

In response to the terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001 and the subsequent advent of conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, the Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC, Silver Spring, MD) initiated a search for an oxygen-carrying resuscitation fluid that could be used for combat trauma and in situations with wide-spread civilian casualties. The ability to supply blood to mass casualties or far-forward combat trauma victims in austere environments with long evacuation times is wrought with logistical complications.
Antibiotic resistance among bacterial conjunctival pathogens collected in the Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring in Ocular Microorganisms (ARMOR) surveillance study

The Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring in Ocular Microorganisms (ARMOR) surveillance study evaluates in vitro antibiotic resistance among Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Haemophilus influenzae isolates from ocular infections. Here we report resistance rates and trends among conjunctival-sourced ocular isolates collected across the US from 2009 through 2016. A total of 1198 conjunctival isolates (483 S. aureus, 305 CoNS, 208 H. influenzae, 118 S. pneumoniae, and 84 P. aeruginosa) were collected from patients with presumed bacterial conjunctivitis from 57 sites across 40 states. A large proportion of staphylococci demonstrated resistance to oxacillin and azithromycin, while resistance was low against the majority of antibiotics tested for S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and H. influenzae. Multidrug resistance (≥3 antibiotic classes) was found in 30.2% of S. aureus and 39.0% of CoNS isolates, and methicillin resistance more than doubled the rate of multi-drug resistance (methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA], 76.5%; methicillin-resistant CoNS isolates, 72.8%). There was a pattern of increasing mean percent resistance with increasing age by decade of life among S. aureus, MRSA, and CoNS (P≤0.038). Over the eight-year study period, there were small yet significant decreases in resistance rates among S. aureus to azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, trimethoprim, and oxacillin (P≤0.003), and among CoNS and P. aeruginosa (both P<0.05) to ciprofloxacin. These data indicate that antibiotic resistance is high, but did not increase, among conjunctival-sourced isolates collected in the US from 2009 through 2016. For certain antibiotic/pathogen combinations, there was a trend of decreased resistance, including a decrease in oxacillin resistance among S. aureus.
Computer Assisted Instruction to Teach Academic Content to Students With Intellectual Disability: A Review of the Literature

Special educators are relying more heavily on computer assisted instruction (CAI) programs to teach academic content to students with intellectual disability (ID) than ever before. Research in this area is growing; however, no formal review of the literature has been conducted to examine the efficacy of using CAI to teach academic content to students with ID. This review explores the nature of academic content taught to students with ID using CAI, the CAI programs used to provide instruction, research methodology, and student learning outcomes associated with CAI. We also address gaps in the research while making suggestions for focusing future efforts to keep pace with changes in technology and the increasing implementation of CAI in special education classrooms.
Mockingbird: a framework for enabling targeted dynamic analysis of Java programs

The paper presents the Mockingbird framework that combines static and dynamic analyses to yield an efficient and scalable approach to analyze large Java software. The framework is an innovative integration of existing static and dynamic analysis tools and a newly developed component called the Object Mocker that enables the integration. The static analyzers are used to extract potentially vulnerable parts from large software. Targeted dynamic analysis is used to analyze just the potentially vulnerable parts to check whether the vulnerability can actually be exploited. We present a case study to illustrate the use of the framework to analyze complex software vulnerabilities. The case study is based on a challenge application from the DARPA Space/Time Analysis for Cybersecurity (STAC) program. Interestingly, the challenge program had been hardened and was thought not to be vulnerable. Yet, using the framework we could discover an unintentional vulnerability that can be exploited for a denial of service attack. The accompanying demo video depicts the case study. Video: https://youtu.be/m9OUWtocWPE
Review of Resource-Constrained Scheduling Algorithms

AbstractOn a regular basis, project managers concentrate their efforts on critical and near-critical activities. However, the concepts of total float and critical path lose their significance after...
"My Family Wants Something Different": Discordance in Perceived Personal and Family Treatment Preference and Its Association With Do-Not-Resuscitate Order Placement

PURPOSE:Patients make treatment decisions based not only on what they want, but what they think their families want. Discordance in such perceived preferences may therefore pose challenges for adva...
Mitigation of Vehicle Vibration Effect on Automotive Radar

The high-resolution automotive radar is a key component in autonomous driving sensing suite. Vibration of the host vehicle degrades the automotive radar performance in terms of the maximal detection range and probability of false alarm. This work analyzes the effect of the vehicle vibration on the automotive radar and proposes a method for its mitigation. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated using collected radar measurements and measured vibration. It is shown that the proposed approach succeeds in vibration effect mitigation even with vibration model mismatch.
The Kindest (Tax) Cut: A Federal Tax Credit for Organ Donations

We discuss how to design a federal tax credit for organ donations that would help ease the pressing shortage of donated kidneys, saving thousands of lives and sparing many from dialysis.
Sunday evening, August 21, 2010—from Chicago, IL to Lafayette, IN

Delta drove Mona’s car back to Lafayette after Caleb guided her to the freeway. He took the lead with his motorcycle, taking his time, eventually leaving her at I90/94 entrance.
Medizinische Prophylaxe bei Bleiexposition

Aufgrund der gut untersuchten Wirkung des Bleis auf den Intermediarstoffwechsel, insbesondere auf die Bildung des roten Blutfarbstoffes, eignen sich die anfallenden Metaboliten des Porphyrinstoffwechsels in besonderer Weise fur die biologische Uberwachung von bleiexponierten Personen. Dies wurde in den letzten zehn Jahren von der Suva genutzt und hat dazu beigetragen, das Problem der Bleivergiftung in den uberwachten Industriebetrieben weitgehend zu eliminieren.
Extending Boundaries of Psychological Ownership Research: Measurement, Outcomes, Cultural Moderators

Psychological ownership theory and extended self theory explain why someone feels like the owner of his/her job or organization. Yet, there is limited prior research examining whether psychological...
Unsettling the boundaries of Latin America: Rapa Nui and the refusal of Chilean settler colonialism

Latin America is popularly imagined territorialized by continental Central and South America, extending to the Caribbean Islands; however, from the vantage of the Chilean government, Latin America ...
Missing data in the medical record for oncology patients: prevalence and association with outcomes

BackgroundThere has been increased enthusiasm regarding the use of real-world data (RWD) for clinical evidence generation. Cancer registries are important RWD sources that rely on data abstraction from the medical record, however, patients with unknown or missing data elements are under-represented in studies that use such data sources. Therefore, we sought to determine the prevalence of missing data and its associated survival outcomes among cancer patients. MethodsAll data elements within the National Cancer Database were reviewed for missing or unknown values for the three most common cancers in the United States diagnosed from 2006 to 2015. Patient records with incompletely abstracted data elements were identified. Prevalence of patients with missing data and their associated survival outcomes were determined. ResultsA total of 1,198,749 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 2,120,775 breast cancer, and 1,158,635 prostate cancer patients were included for analysis. For NSCLC, there were 851,295 (71.0%) patients with missing data in data elements identified as variables of interest; 2-year survival was 33.2% for patients with missing data and 51.6% for patients with complete data (p<0.001). For breast cancer, there were 1,161,096 (54.8%) patients with missing data; 2-year survival was 93.2% for patients with missing data and 93.9% for patients with complete data (p<0.001). For prostate cancer, there were 460,167 (39.7%) patients with missing data; 2-year survival was 91.0% for patients with missing data and 95.6% for patients with complete data (p<0.001). There were significant differences in demographics, tumor characteristics, cancer stage, and treatments received between cancer patients with complete and incomplete records. ConclusionsThe majority of patients in a large cancer registry-based RWD source have missing data that was unable to be ascertained from the medical record. Moreover, patients with missing data show worse survival than those with more complete documentation. Increasing documentation quality and adoption of rigorous missing data correction methods are needed to best leverage RWD for clinical advancements.
Early Versus Delayed Lead Extraction in Patients With Infected Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices.

Abstract Objectives This study sought to assess the impact of early versus delayed lead extraction in patients with an infected cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED). Background CIED infections are associated with poor outcomes. Prior studies have demonstrated improved survival with CIED extraction compared with antibiotic therapy alone. The impact of timing of CIED extraction has not been well characterized. Methods All infected CIED extraction cases at our medical center from 2006 to 2019 were reviewed. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the presence of bacteremia or isolated pocket infection. We assessed the in-hospital morbidity and 1-year mortality for early versus delayed lead extraction, using hospitalization day 7 as cutoff. Results Of 233 patients who underwent CIED extraction, 127 patients had bacteremia and 106 patients had pocket infection. Delayed extraction (15.2 days) in bacteremic patients was associated with septic shock (odds ratio [OR]: 5.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23 to 23.67; p = 0.026), acute kidney injury (OR: 5.61; 95% CI: 2.15 to 14.63; p Conclusions Delayed infected CIED extraction is associated with worse outcomes. This underscores the importance of early detection and a strategy for prompt management including lead extraction.
The Low Down On Low Down Payment Mortgages: Is It Safe?

Low down payment mortgages were prevalent before the financial crisis, slowed down during the financial crisis, but have reemerged since the financial crisis. The Federal Housing Administration has a history of insuring 3% down payment mortgages to assist lower- and middle-income household in purchasing a home, but Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have recently introduced 3% (and lower) down payment programs. In addition, mortgage innovation in the form of the “wealth building mortgage” with potentially 100% loan-to-value (LTV) ratio. I this paper, we examine the performance of low down payment (or high LTV) lending. We find that low initial down payment mortgages are significantly more likely to become seriously delinquent (90 days or more) than mortgages with traditional down payments of 20 percent or more.