cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Induced Hypertension

The purpose of this paper is to identify commonly used tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that are associated with hypertension, primarily, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway (VSP) inhibitors. We review the incidence, mechanism, and strategies for management of TKI-induced HTN. We hope to provide clinicians with guidance on how to manage similar clinical scenarios. Many of the newer VSP inhibitors are reviewed here, including cediranib, axitinib, pazopanib, and ponatinib. Trials utilizing prophylactic treatment with angiotensin system inhibitors (ASIs) are discussed as well as recent data showing an improvement in overall survival and progression-free survival in patients on ASIs and TKI-induced hypertension. The incidence of TKI-induced HTN among the VEGF inhibitors ranges from 5 to 80% and is dose dependent. Newer generation small-molecule TKIs has a lower incidence. The mechanism of action involves VSP inhibition, leading to decreased nitric oxide and increased endothelin production, which causes vasoconstriction, capillary rarefaction, and hypertension. ASIs and calcium channel blockers are first-line therapy for treatment and are associated with improved overall survival. Nitrates and beta-blockers are associated with in vitro cancer regression; however, there is a paucity of trials regarding their use as an anti-hypertensive agent in the TKI-induced HTN patient population.
The Relationship of Interlimb Phase to Oscillator Activity Gradients in Crayfish

The movements of anteriad appendages lag homologous movements of more posteriad appendages during crayfish swimmeret beating. The present experiments show that the direction of metachronal movement is maintained under conditions either (1) where the anteriad oscillator has a higher intrinsic frequency than the posteriad oscillator, or (2) where the anteriad oscillator has a lower intrinsic frequency than the posteriad oscillator. The magnitude of the interlimb phase is different in the two states. These results confirm earlier predictions of experiments on the control of anteriad oscillator excitability by a single burst of co-ordinating neurone input.
A Comparison of the Ab Initio Supermolecule and Interaction Approaches: Multipole Moments, Hydrogen Bonding and Ion Pairs

The molecular multipole moments calculated by the IEHT wavefunctions are compared with the ab initio results and the experimental values available in the literature. The results indicate that the molecular multipole moments obtained by the IEHT wavefunctions are in good agreement with the experimental values. The basis set dependence of the multipole moments calculated from ab initio wavefunctions is discussed. Hydrogen bond energies for several systems have been calculated using intermolecular interaction theory based on IEHT wavefunctions. These hydrogen bonding energies are compared with available results obtained from ab initio supermolecule calculations. The results indicate that our approach, which is computationally more practical for the applications to large biological systems, can be used to reproduce the results of the ab initio supermolecule approach.
Understanding TypeScript

TypeScript is an extension of JavaScript intended to enable easier development of large-scale JavaScript applications. While every JavaScript program is a TypeScript program, TypeScript offers a module system, classes, interfaces, and a rich gradual type system. The intention is that TypeScript provides a smooth transition for JavaScript programmers--well-established JavaScript programming idioms are supported without any major rewriting or annotations. One interesting consequence is that the TypeScript type system is not statically sound by design. The goal of this paper is to capture the essence of TypeScript by giving a precise definition of this type system on a core set of constructs of the language. Our main contribution, beyond the familiar advantages of a robust, mathematical formalization, is a refactoring into a safe inner fragment and an additional layer of unsafe rules.
Questioning the Board in Computer Science Education Board Games

In the space between the well documented shortage of access to computer science educational (CSed) opportunities, especially those that broaden participation, and the increasing consensus that computer science knowledge is a fundamental modern literacy lie an eclectic collection of non-traditional and informal CSed projects. An increasingly popular form of interest-based CSed product are board games, which are often justified as interventions due to their 'unplugged' nature and their supposedly natural appeal to diverse audiences of children. Through an exploration of the popular and academic discourses around the CSed board game genre, we found over 30 games which specifically aim to teach core CS content, often with a wide variety of rationales for utilizing a board game format. This poster will display the results of our preliminary work investigating how designers position cardboard as the exciting new alternative for teaching computer science education. Our examination of game makers' documentation and related research suggests that further work is required to determine how well the board game medium serves the various justifications presented by the game makers in our sample.
Effects of liquid swine manure placement and rate on phosphorus loss with runoff water

v INTRODUCTION 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 5 MATERULS AND METHODS 16 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 26 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 49 APPENDIX 51 REFERENCES 77
Noncontact Measurement of Bridge Load Response Using He–Ne Modulated Lasers

AbstractStructural deformation under known loads is required for assessment and model calibration. In addition, deformations need to be measured under transient as well as intrinsic loads. These lo...
Improving Coordination in Assembly Projects

We study the coordination problem in a setting with multiple contractors working on a project. Specifically, we analyze the risk-sharing contract in which the contractors are paid at the end of the project, after all the tasks have been completed. Although intuitively the contractors should try to complete their tasks early, because under the risk-sharing contract the risk of delay is shared between them and the OEM, we show that the contractors may fail to coordinate their efforts. For a project with parallel tasks, there exist multiple Pareto-ranked equilibria, where all contractors exert the same efforts, and the worst project delay is observed when the contractors play the secure equilibrium. To mitigate this coordination failure, we propose an information feedback policy, and show that the contractors’ efforts in the secure equilibrium increase in the information feedback frequency. Therefore, the OEM may induce the contractors to increase their effort by providing information feedback with frequency that increases linearly in the number of contractors. To test our theoretical findings, we conducted a behavioral experiment that varied the availability of information feedback and the number of contractors. Our experiment confirms that absent feedback, coordination failure occurs, and information feedback is effective in improving the project progress.
Constitutive Model of Fiber Substrate Ablators for Conceptual Design

Fiber substrate-based ablators such as Phenolic-Impregnated Carbon Ablator are composite materials comprising a fibrous substrate and a polymer matrix. This paper presents an approach for estimatin...
A modified formalism for electron beam reference dosimetry to improve the accuracy of linac output calibration.

Purpose To present and demonstrate the accuracy of a modified formalism for electron beam reference dosimetry using updated Monte Carlo calculated beam quality conversion factors. Methods The proposed, simplified formalism allows the use of cylindrical ionization chambers in all electron beams (even those with low beam energies) and does not require a measured gradient correction factor. Data from a previous publication are used for beam quality conversion factors. The formalism is tested and compared to the present formalism in the AAPM TG-51 protocol with measurements made in Elekta Precise electron beams with energies between 4 MeV and 22 MeV and with fields shaped with a 10 × 10 cm2 clinical applicator as well as a 20 × 20 cm2 clinical applicator for the 18 MeV and 22 MeV beams. A set of six ionization chambers are used for measurements (two cylindical reference-class chambers, two scanning-type chambers and two parallel-plate chambers). Dose per monitor unit is derived using the data and formalism provided in the TG-51 protocol and with the proposed formalism and data and compared to that obtained using ionization chambers calibrated directly against primary standards for absorbed dose in electron beams. Results The standard deviation of results using different chambers when TG-51 is followed strictly is on the order of 0.4% when parallel-plate chambers are cross-calibrated against cylindrical chambers. However, if parallel-plate chambers are directly calibrated in a cobalt-60 beam, the difference between results for these chambers is up to 2.2%. Using the proposed formalism and either directly calibrated or cross-calibrated parallel-plate chambers gives a standard deviation using different chambers of 0.4%. The difference between results that use TG-51 and the primary standard measurements are on the order of 0.6% with a maximum difference in the 4 MeV beam of 2.8%. Comparing the results obtained with the proposed formalism and the primary standard measurements are on the order of 0.4% with a maximum difference of 1.0% in the 4 MeV beam. Conclusions The proposed formalism and the use of updated data for beam quality conversion factors improves the consistency of results obtained with different chamber types and improves the accuracy of reference dosimetry measurements. Moreover, it is simpler than the present formalism and will be straightforward to implement clinically.
Metabolic changes associated with differential salt tolerance in sorghum genotypes

Accumulation of specific metabolites, mainly γ-aminobutyric acid, polyamines, and proline, was essential to homeostasis regulation and differential salt tolerance in sorghum genotypes. Salinity is severe abiotic stress that limits plant growth and development in arid and semi-arid regions. Survival to abiotic stresses depends on metabolic and sometimes even morphological adjustments. We measured the growth parameters, water relations, the content of ions (Na+, K+, Cl–), compatible solutes [some free amino acids (FAAs) including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and proline and soluble carbohydrates) and polyamines (PAs), the activity of PAs metabolism enzymes, and metabolomic profile in plants after 14 days of salt stress treatment. These analyses were to evaluate the influence of metabolomic responses of sorghum genotypes exhibiting sensitivity (CSF18) or tolerance (CSF20) to salinity on plant growth. The salinity promoted growth reductions and induced increases in Na+ and Cl– content and decreases in K+ content. The water status and osmotic potential (Ψo) were reduced by salt stress, but to minimize damage, especially in the CSF20, the osmolytes and PAs contributed to the osmotic adjustment. The results showed that salinity induced an increase in putrescine (Put) in the sensitive genotype. However, it raised spermidine (Spd), spermine (Spm), and cadaverine (Cad) in the tolerant genotype. In addition, the regulation of polyamine oxidase can be related to Spm and GABA biosynthesis. Differential metabolic changes to salt tolerance include metabolites associated with tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and the metabolisms of sugars, FAAs, and PAs.
Genetic contributions to sporadic frontotemporal dementia

Abstract Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is an umbrella term for a complex, clinically heterogeneous group of diagnoses characterized by changes in behavior, movement, and/or language and cognitive function. As accurate diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease is currently achieved only through postmortem brain autopsy, we rely on clinical presentation and syndromic clinicopathological relationships to deduce the most likely underlying disease etiology. While genes that contribute to FTD risk are associated with specific frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) pathologies, they are often implicated in a variety of clinical presentations due to the accumulation of pathology in different brain networks. Furthermore, most clinical syndromes can result from a number of underlying genetic factors. Individuals with FTD are generally divided into two categories based on the family history of the patient: “familial” cases in which there is a history of FTD or related neurodegenerative disorders in the close relatives of the patient, or “sporadic” cases in which there is no known family history of dementia syndrome. While most (∼80%) sporadic cases do not have a single genetic cause, the three main genes implicated in familial forms of FTLD (C9ORF72, GRN, and MAPT) are also responsible for a small portion of sporadic cases, and variants in other genes (including TARDBP, UBQLN2, VCP, CCNF, CHCHD10, CHMP2B, TBK1, OPTN, and TREM2) have also been implicated in sporadic cases. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified several common genetic risk factors implicating the immune system and endolysosomal system in FTD risk. Pleiotropy analyses have identified many shared genetic risk factors between FTD and other neurodegenerative diseases as well as with several immune-mediated diseases, further highlighting how genes can contribute to multiple neurodegenerative disorders. Identification of the genetic underpinnings of FTD spectrum disorders can help inform an individual's prognosis as well as elucidate targets for therapeutic development for the field. In this chapter, we will provide an overview of the field's current knowledge of genetic contributions to sporadic clinical FTD syndromes and how these relate to FTLD pathobiology.
AneSBAR Handoff Rubric for Nurse Anesthesia Students

Abstract Background Poorly executed handoffs, particularly those omitting important clinical information or conveying ambiguous instructions, increase the risk of adverse events among anesthetized patients. Currently, there are no specific standards for the training and assessment of anesthesia care handoff among student registered nurse anesthetists. The Anesthesia SBAR (AneSBAR) Handoff Rubric was developed to assess nurse anesthesia students on their SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) reporting skills. Method Nine anesthesia professionals participated in instrument validation. Thirty-four nurse anesthesia students participated in simulations involving patient handoff. Anesthesia professionals were surveyed on validity of the rubric. Nurse anesthesia students practiced simulated performances of surgical patient handoff and were rated using the rubric. Results The rubric was determined reliable and valid. Conclusion The AneSBAR Rubric may be useful to teach, assess, and implement in simulation as a cognitive aid to assure complete and accurate transfer of patient information.
A Curious Case of Encephalopathy in a Hospitalized Patient: Round Up the Unusual Suspects.

This case describes a 52-year-old female who developed encephalopathy after being hospitalized with sepsis from a recently placed Permcath. A grade two decubitus ulcer was also a potential source of infection. Cefepime and Vancomycin were empirically begun, and the patient improved hemodynamically and clinically. She developed encephalopathy on day six of hospitalization. When the Cefepime was discontinued the encephalopathy promptly resolved. The causes of hospital acquired encephalopathy and potential difficulties in making this diagnosis are discussed with special emphasis on Cefepime induced encephalopathy.
Production of III-V Nanocrystals by Picosecond Pulsed Laser Ablation

In As nanoparticles have been produced by picosecond pulsed laser ablation of bulk targets in the presence of an inert backing gas. Atomic force microscopy measurements show particles ranging in size from one to ten nm. Stoichiometry of the targets, determined by Rutherford backscattering measurements, are typically preserved within ten percent. Optical absorption and raman scattering data help confirm the crystalline, quantum confined nature of the nanoparticles.
Using Data Surveillance to Understand the Rising Incidence of Babesiosis in the United States, 2011-2018.

Babesiosis is a tick-borne disease that is caused by intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites of the genus Babesia. Common symptoms of babesiosis are generally characterized as nonspecific flu-like sy...
Semantic Conflict Detection for Transactional Data Structure Libraries

The Transactional Data Structure Library (TDSL) methodology improves the programmability and performance of concurrent software by making it possible for programmers to compose multiple concurrent data structure operations into coarse-grained transactions. Like transactional memory, TDSL enables arbitrarily many operations on arbitrarily many data structures to appear to other threads as a single atomic, isolated transaction. Like concurrent data structures, the individual operations on a TDSL data structure are optimized to avoid artificial contention. We introduce techniques for reducing false conflicts in TDSL implementations. Our approach allows expressing the postconditions of operations entirely via semantic properties, instead of through low-level structural properties. Our design is general enough to support lists, deques, ordered and unordered maps, and vectors. It supports richer programming interfaces than are available in existing TDSL implementations. It is also capable of precise memory management, which is necessary in low-level languages like C++.
Quantitate Image Responses in High Risk p16+ Oropharyngeal Cancer Patients Treated With Definitive ChemoRT and Concurrent Nivolumab Compared to ChemoRT Alone.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Biomarkers of immunotherapy response are increasingly important in oropharyngeal cancer with the rapid expansion of treatment in the R/M population and many ongoing upfront trials. CPS score is the most commonly used method to quantify immune infiltration and predict response to immunotherapy, although limited by its static nature and sampling error. Previous studies show that pre-RT to mid-treatment changes in MRI-derived blood volume (BV) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as well as FDG-PET derived metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) serve as imaging markers for pattern failure of HNC treated by CRT. The goal of this study is to evaluate changes in image metrics during concurrent immunotherapy and CRT compared to those from CRT. MATERIALS/METHODS MRI and FDG-PET scans were acquired pre- and mid-treatment (fx 10) from 75 patients with high risk p16+ OPSCC (AJCC stage 3 or "matted nodes") who were treated with definitive concurrent CRT on 2 prospective institutional trials. The patients included: 1) the first 15 patients treated with definitive CRT 70Gy/concurrent carboplatin/taxol and concurrent nivolumab (iCRT) and 2) 60 patients treated with 70-80Gy/concurrent weekly cisplatin/carboplatin (CRT). Changes in quantitative image metrics from pre- to mid-treatment of primary tumors and individual lymph nodes were evaluated: gross tumor volume (GTV), MTV at 50% max SUV, TLG, mean SUV, mean BV and ADC between the two treatment groups using unpaired t test. RESULTS Clinical characteristics and baseline quantitative image metrics were similar between CRT and iCRT groups, except the iCRT group had a lower BV value of primary tumors and a greater MTV of nodal tumors than CRT group (P = 0.05). However, at mid-treatment, iCRT patients had: 1) significantly greater increases in mean BV and ADC of primary tumors than CRT patients (49% vs. 23% and 21% vs. 12%, P < 0.007 and 0.03, respectively); but 2) less decreases in MTV, TLG and mean SUV of primary tumors than CRT patients, for which 11% of the TLG decrease was significantly different from 43% decrease of CRT group (P < 0.05); and 3) 12% decrease in mean SUV of nodal tumors that was significantly less than 25% in CRT group (P < 0.0001). With a mean follow-up of 11 months in the iCRT group, there has been only 1 DM in a patient with persistent low BV in the primary tumor, consistent with our previous findings in CRT patients. CONCLUSION This analysis suggests that high risk p16+ OPSCC patients treated with iCRT had larger increases in BV and ADC and a smaller decrease in TLG in primary tumors mid-treatment compared to CRT group. Increases in BV and ADC have been identified to be associated with improved tumor control by previous studies of CRT. The minimal reduction of FDG metrics of iCRT group may be due to inflammatory response to anti-PD1. These findings warrant further investigation as predictive biomarkers for iCRT response to treatment.
Obstructions to development

Obstructions to development can be viewed as malfunctioning in anyone of the five dimensions of the social system. Scarcity, maldistribution and insecurity in anyone of the five social functions, that is, scientific, political, economic, ethical, and aesthetic are considered to be primary obstructions. Corruption, alienation, polarization and so on are among the social phenomena that represent secondary obstructions to development. Secondary obstructions are coproduced by the interaction of more than one dimension. Therefore, their resolution requires some kind of structural change. To understand the obstructions to the development of a social system we will deal with the structures and processes which help or limit the creation of collective desire and ability in a social system for the pursuit of its ends.
Programmable Mechanobioreactor for Exploration of the Effects of Periodic Vibratory Stimulus on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation

Abstract A programmable bioreactor using a voice-coil actuator was developed to enable research on the effects of periodic vibratory stimulus on human and porcine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We hypothesized that low frequency vibrations would result in a cartilage phenotype and higher frequency vibrations would result in a bone phenotype. The mechanical stimulation protocol is adjusted from a computer external to the incubator via a USB cable. Once programmed, the embedded microprocessor and sensor system on the bioreactor execute the protocol independent of the computer. In each test, a sinusoidal stimulus was applied to a culture plate in 1-min intervals with a 15-min rest following each, for a total of 15 h per day for 10 days. Frequencies of 1 and 100 Hz were applied to cultures of both human and porcine umbilical cord–derived MSCs. Chondrogenesis was determined by Alcian blue staining for glycosaminoglycans and an increased differentiation index (ratio of mRNA for collagen II and collagen I). Oste...
The Social Media Frontier: Exploring a New Mandate for Competence in the Practice of Law

Attorney Mark O’Mara’s use of social media as part of the defense strategy in the representation of George Zimmerman, who was prosecuted for the death of Trayvon Martin, highlighted the use of social media in the practice of law, and because of the tremendous media coverage of the trial, facilitated a robust conversation on whether the legal profession’s use of social media is the “new normal.” In fact, lawyers’ increasing use of social media is evidenced by a growing body of case law, ethics opinions, and journal articles discussing the propriety of using social media in areas such as investigation, discovery, and jury selection. Nonetheless, social media is often discussed as a slippery slope where only the adventurous among the legal profession are traveling. However, technology and social media are evolving so quickly that lawyers who elect not to participate in social media may be in for a rude awakening. An awakening that makes clear that the requisite level of competence and expertise required to effectively represent clients and avoid disciplinary and malpractice exposure requires an understanding and use of social media and technology in the practice of law. This article will explore the legal profession’s historical relationship with communication technology, relevant legal ethics rules and opinions, court decisions and malpractice concerns, which all support the contention that the use of social media and technology in the practice of law not only has become a required component of effective lawyering, but also that the failure to employ social media may result in the ineffective representation of clients, disciplinary complaints, and/or malpractice claims.
The Developmental Epidemiology of Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of developmental epidemiology as a powerful research tool with unique perspectives for investigators studying mental retardation and developmental disability. The chapter reviews the major population‐based developmental epidemiology studies. It discusses the insights provided in understanding mental retardation and developmental disabilities in community, school, family contexts, and the life course of children with mental retardation or developmental disabilities. A detailed description of the major conceptual and theoretical models of disability is advocated for use in population‐based studies. The advantage of developmental epidemiology studies is described in the chapter.
Designing a control system using SysML and Simulink

The Systems Modeling Language (SysML) has been under development since 2001 by the International Council and the Object Management Group (OMG) organizations, as a standard modeling language for model-based systems engineering (MBSE). SysML supports the specification, analysis, design, and verification of a broad range of complex systems such as control systems. The authors describe a tool that integrates a Simulink model from relevant parts of a SysML model so users can perform systems engineering processes using SysML, and simulate parts of the model using Simulink. The authors also show systems engineering processes for designing a Dual Clutch Transmission (DCT) as an example of control systems.
The Transformative Intellectual: An Examination of Henry Giroux's Ethics:

This article explores Henry Giroux's contributions to critical pedagogy. The author demonstrates how Giroux, as a public intellectual, has found his Ethics in the right place. The author further argues that Giroux's Ethics of virtue are present not only in the public person but also in his transformative writing.
Prognostic Significance of K-ras Codon 12 Mutations in Patients With Resected Stage I and II Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic importance of codon 12 K-ras mutations in patients with early-stage non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We identified 260 patients with surgically resected stage I (n = 193) and stage II (n = 67) NSCLC with at least a 5-year follow-up. We performed polymerase chain reaction analysis of DNA obtained from paraffin-embedded NSCLC tissue, using mutation-specific probes for codon 12 K-ras. RESULTS: K-ras mutations were detected in 35 of 213 assessable specimens (16.4%). K-ras mutations were detected in 27 of 93 adenocarcinomas (29.0%), one of 61 squamous cell carcinomas (1.6%), five of 39 large-cell carcinomas (12.8%), and two of 20 adenosquamous carcinomas (10%) (P = .001). G to T transversions accounted for 71% of the mutations. There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival for all patients with K-ras mutations (median survival, 39 months) compared with patients without K-ras mutations (median survi...
Anti-therapeutic dimensions of a community meeting in a therapeutic milieu.

A central feature of many inpatient settings, especially those that attempt to be “therapeutic communities,” is the community meeting. Such meetings are often quite large and difficult to manage, and therefore susceptible to confusion and chaos. The present article documents the difficulties associated with a community meeting in a particular hospital setting, which is often psychonoxious for patients and debilitating of staff morale. The need to define achievable tasks that are commonly understood and agreed upon is addressed. The confusion and paralysis that results when roles are not clearly delineated is described, as is the destructive potential of not carefully managing the various boundaries that define the relationship between the community meeting and the context in which it is conducted. Finally, the danger of insufficient structure in a community meeting is illustrated. Suggestions for conducting successful meetings are offered.
Ion microprobe isotopic measurements of individual interplanetary dust particles

The results of the first extended ion probe study of interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) are reported. The analytic procedures and the current limits on the precision and accurary of isotopic measurements of light elements are discussed in considerable detail. It is shown that isotopic measurements of several elements can be made on different individual fragments of a single IDP of 10-15 microns in size. The deuterium enrichments observed in several of the particles are shown to be intrinsic, providing independent proof that the particles are extraterrestrial. Carbon isotopic measurements on fragments of three IDPs give ratios similar to terrestrial values and show a largely uniform isotopic composition for a given particle. Small, but significant, differences in delta C-13 of about 40 percent between particles are seen.
Exact solutions of the three-dimensional scalar wave equation and Maxwell's equations from the approximate solutions in the wave zone through the use of the Radon transform

In our earlier paper we have shown that the solutions of both the three-dimensional scalar wave equation, which is also the three-dimensional acoustic equation, and Maxwell’s equations have forms in the wave zone, which, except for a factor 1/ r , represent one-dimensional wave motions along straight lines through the origin. We also showed that it is possible to reconstruct the exact solutions from the asymptotic forms. Thus we could prescribe the solutions in the wave zone and obtain the exact solutions that would lead to them. In the present paper we show how the exact solutions can be obtained from the asymptotic solutions and conversely, through the use of a refined Radon transform, which we introduced in a previous paper. We have thus obtained a way of obtaining the exact three-dimensional solutions from the essentially one-dimensional solutions of the asymp­totic form entirely in terms of transforms. This is an alternative way to obtaining exact solutions in terms of initial values through the use of Riemann functions. The exact solutions that we obtain through the use of the Radon transform are causal and therefore physical solutions. That is, these solutions for time t > 0 could have been obtained from the initial value problem by prescribing the solution and its time-derivative, in the acoustic case, and the electric and magnetic fields, in the case of Maxwell’s equations, at time t = 0. The role of time in the relation between the exact solutions and in the asymptotic solutions is made very explicit in the present paper.
Coincident 1.3-year periodicities in the ap geomagnetic index and the solar wind

Recent observations show an approximately 1.3-year period in the speed of the solar wind detected by the IMP 8 and Voyager 2 spacecraft. A similar period is also seen in the north-south (GSE) component of the magnetic field observed by IMP 8. Since both parameters are commonly used as input to models of geomagnetic activity, the 'ap' index (a measure of geomagnetic disturbance) is examined to look for this periodicity. The Lomb-Scargle periodogram method is used on the ap, plasma, and magnetic field data during the 1973-1994 time range. A dynamic FFT periodogram method is also used to analyze the ap data during this time, as well as to look for periods present between 1932 and 1972. A clear 1.3-year periodicity is present in the post-1986 data when the same period is observed in the plasma and field data. The V(2)B(zsm) and V(2)B(s) proxies for geomagnetic activity also show this periodicity. However, the southward (GSM) component of the magnetic field does not have a 1.3-year period, and neither do solar wind or ap data from 1973-1985. This demonstrates that the ap geomagnetic index can act as a proxy for solar wind periodicities at this time scale. Historic ap data are examined, and show that a similar periodicity in ap exists around 1942. Since auroral data show a 1.4-year periodicity, all these similar periods may result from a common underlying solar mechanism.
Ventilation and oxygen extraction in the crow.

Abstract Oxygen consumption (Vo2, tidal volume (v t ), and respiratory frequency (f) were measured in the passeriform fish crow, Corvus ossifragus (mass 0.274 kg), in dry air at temperatures of 5–25 °C. Ventilation (V i ) was calculated as f · V t , and oxygen extraction as the fraction of available oxygen removed from respiratory air. Vo2, V t , f, and V i tended to increase with decreasing T a , while oxygen extraction seemed temperature independent. Mean Vo2, at 20 °C was similar to the value calculated for a passerine bird. but about twice the value for a nonpasserine bird or a mammal of the same mass. Mean V i at 20 C was more than twice as great as in a nonpasserine but only 65% greater than in a mammal. Thus mean O2 extraction at 20 °C was about the same as in the nonpasserine. but substantially higher than in the mammal. The highest measured 02 extraction, about 0.31 at 25 °C, was twice as high as the calculated value for a mammal. These observations confirm the expectation of increased effectiveness of gas exchange in the avian lung, made possible by its arrangement as a through-flow system.
The Effects of a Minimum Cigarette Purchase Age of 21 on Prenatal Smoking and Infant Health

A key goal of US public health policies is to reduce costly adverse birth outcomes to which prenatal smoking is a crucial contributor. This study is the first to evaluate the impacts of a minimum cigarette purchase age of 21 implemented in the state of Pennsylvania on prenatal smoking and infant health. Using a regression discontinuity method, it shows this smoking age of 21 reduces the prenatal daily cigarette consumption by 15 percent and lowers the incidence of low birth weight infants by 19 percent. These findings shed new light on the current political debate over raising the smoking age.
Specificities: AIDS Activism and the Retreat from the 'Genocide' Frame

(1997). Specificities: AIDS Activism and the Retreat from the 'Genocide' Frame. Social Identities: Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 415-438.
A Dynamical Systems Analysis of Resonant Flybys: Ballistic Case

In this analysis, resonant flybys were explored within the context of the circular restricted three-body problem using dynamical systems theory. The first step in this process involved the construction of a flyby trajectory continuously transiting between 3:4 and 5:6 resonances in the Jupiter-Europa circular restricted three-body problem. An examination of this trajectory revealed that it followed the invariant manifolds of resonant orbits during these transitions. It was discovered that these transitions occurred for specific energies where the invariant manifolds of the 3:4 and 5:6 resonant orbits were closely related. The potential of the information obtained from this analysis for use in mission design was demonstrated by developing resonance transition trajectories using resonant orbit homoclinic and heteroclinic connections.
An integrated and pragmatic approach: Global plant safety management

The Bhopal disaster in India in 1984 has compelled manufacturing companies to review their operations in order to minimize their risk exposure. Much study has been done on the subject of risk assessment and in refining safety reviews of plant operations. However, little work has been done to address the broader needs of decision makers in the multinational environment. The corporate headquarters of multinational organizations are concerned with identifying vulnerable areas to assure that appropriate risk-minimization measures are in force or will be taken. But the task of screening global business units for safety prowess is complicated and time consuming. This article takes a step towards simplifying this process by presenting the decisional model developed by the authors. Beginning with an overview of key issues affecting global safety management, the focus shifts to the multinational vulnerability model developed by the authors, which reflects an integration of approaches. The article concludes with a discussion of areas for further research. While the global chemical industry and major incidents therein are used for illustration, the procedures and solutions suggested here are applicable to all manufacturing operations.
Nuclear Saturation: A Generalized Hartree-Fock Method

The Hartree self-consistent method is generalized to apply to a system with strong two-body correlations. The generalized Hartree method is shown to be equivalent to solving a self-consistent equation for the mutual interaction of two particles moving in average fields together with a Hartree-Fock variational problem. In this form the method is equivalent to, and provides a simple explanation of, the nuclear saturation procedure used by Brueckner, Levinson, and Mahmoud.
Production, testing and commissioning of the front-end readout electronics for the ATLAS liquid argon calorimeter

The electronics for amplifying, shaping, sampling, pipelining, and digitising the signals from the liquid argon calorimeters of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is contained on the on-detector mounted front end boards (FEBs). We discuss the design and production of the FEBs and present measurement results from highly accelerated stress screening (HASS), as well as from further testing of the digital and analog components on the FEBs performed at several stages during the production and installation process. Component and assembly failures are found and repaired in time with the production and ongoing installation
Polar Low Dynamics

Abstract Polar lows are intense subsynoptic-scale cyclones that form over high-latitude oceans in association with deep cumulus convection and strong ambient baroclinicity. Recent observations indicate that polar lows are generally initiated by a nonaxisymmetric interaction between a surface disturbance and an upper-level mobile trough. Extant theories of polar low formation preclude study of such a process since they either constrain their models to be axisymmetric, or do not explicitly account for this transient interaction. In this work the physics of interacting upper- and lower-level potential vorticity structures is studied as an initial-value problem using a three-dimensional nonlinear geostrophic momentum model that incorporates moist processes and includes strong baroclinic dynamics. Model results illustrate the rapid formation of an intense small-scale cyclone whose structure is consistent with observations of mature polar lows. A conceptual model of polar low development is proposed. In the fir...
Surgical correction of transposition of the great vessels. Technical considerations.

Abstract Intraatrial transposing of the venous return is a satisfactory method of treating transposition of the great arteries. Serious complications include atrioventricular conduction disturbances and pulmonary venous obstruction. Simple technical modifications that should eliminate these complications are described.
Mitotic mutants of Aspergillus nidulans.

Forty-five temperature-sensitive mutants of Aspergillus nidulans which are defective in nuclear division, septation or distribution of nuclei along the mycelium have been isolated, and most have been subjected to complementation analysis and mapped to chromosome. Thirty-five of the mutants were unable to complete nuclear division at the restrictive temperature. Twenty-six of these mutants exhibited a co-ordinate drop in both spindle and chromosome mitotic indices at 42 °C, indicating that they fail to enter mitosis. These mutants have been assigned to the gene symbol nim. Nine mutants exhibited a co-ordinate rise in spindle and chromosome mitotic indices at 42 °C, indicating that they are arrested in mitosis. These mutants were assigned the gene symbol bim. Five mutants failed to form septa and were given the gene symbol sep; and five mutants had an abnormal nuclear distribution and were given the gene symbol nud. All of the mutations were recessive. Most of the mutants were in different complementation groups. Mutants in the same complementation groups were phenotypically similar, but phenotypically similar mutants were not necessarily or usually in the same complementation group. There was no evidence for genetic clustering of phenotypically similar mutants. The mutants were located on all eight chromosomes.
Impact of insulin and body mass index on metabolic and endocrine variables in polycystic ovary syndrome

To assess the differential impact of the insulin secretory pattern and obesity on the endocrinometabolic features of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), we studied 110 PCOS women. Patients underwent a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) test, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and basal evaluation of hormonal and biochemical parameters. Basal androgens and lipids, basal and stimulated gonadotropins, insulin, and glucose levels were measured. Patients were classified into four groups according to the body mass index (BMI) and insulin secretion: normoinsulinemic-lean ([NL] n = 24), normoinsulinemic obese ([NO] n = 24), hyperinsulinemic lean ([HL] n = 17), hyperinsulinemic obese ([HO] n = 45). HL patients showed a higher luteinizing hormone (LH) area under curve (AUC) after GnRH stimulus compared with NL patients (HL v NL, 4,285 +/- 348 v 3,377 +/- 314 IU/L x 120 min, P < .05), whereas we failed to find a statistically significant difference in a similar comparison among obese subjects (HO v NO, 3,606 +/- 302 v 3,129 +/- 602 IU/L x 120 min). A trend toward increased plasma testosterone and decreased sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) was found in relation to hyperinsulinemia and obesity, thus resulting in a higher free androgen index (FAI) in groups HL and NO versus NL (HL, 5.54 +/- 0.51; NO, 5.64 +/- 0.49; NL, 4.13 +/- 0.33; P < .05 and P < .01, respectively). The presence of both exaggerated insulin secretion and obesity resulted in a synergistic additive effect on the FAI in the HO group (6.81 +/- 0.34). Concerning the lipoprotein lipid profile, the NL group showed lower plasma triglyceride levels compared with the other three groups, whereas no significant differences were found for nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. Higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were found in the obese groups compared with the lean counterparts, whereas the same parameters did not significantly differ in a comparison between normoinsulinemic and hyperinsulinemic groups. In conclusion, our data suggest an important role of hyperinsulinemia in the LH response to a GnRH stimulus and an independent and synergistic additive effect of obesity and hyperinsulinemia on the FAI in PCOS.
Stenosis of the Thoracic Aorta in Williams Syndrome

Williams syndrome (WS) is a multisystem congenital disorder affecting 1/8000 live births. Our objective was to review our experience with stenosis of the thoracic aorta (STA) in these patients. A retrospective review was undertaken of consecutive WS patients at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia from January 1, 1980, through December 31, 2007. WS was diagnosed by an experienced medical geneticist and/or by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Stenosis was diagnosed with either echocardiography or cardiac catheterization. Freedom from intervention was determined using Kaplan-Meier analysis. From a total cohort of 270 patients, 37 (14%) patients with STA were identified and comprised the study group. Age at presentation was 2.1 + or - 4.0 years, and follow-up was 11.8 + or - 12.6 years (range 0-51). Long-segment STA was more common (89%) than discrete STA. Severity of STA was mild in 18, moderate in 10, and severe in 9 patients. Branch pulmonary artery stenosis was seen in 62% (23 of 37) of STA patients, and supravalvar aortic stenosis was seen in 54% (20 of 37) STA patients. Nine (24%) patients underwent intervention for STA: 8 cases were severe, and 1 case was moderate. Restenosis resulting in reintervention occurred in 5 of 9 (56%) patients, with 4 of 5 (80%) patients undergoing multiple reinterventions. Freedom from intervention was 89, 82, and 73% at 1, 5, and 20 years, respectively. One patient died. STA is common in WS and is generally the long-segment type. In patients with STA, interventions are common and usually occur by 5 years of age. Reintervention for STA occurs frequently.
Comparison of plasma concentrations of thromboxane B2 in Prinzmetal's variant angina and classical angina pectoris.

We have reported that thromboxane B2 is present in plasma of Prinzmetal's angina patients measured by radioimmunoassay but is below detection limits, <0.5 pmol/ml, in normals. To determine whether this metabolite of thromboxane A2 (a coronary vasoconstrictor) is present in the peripheral blood in classical angina pectoris, we studied 14 patients with fixed obstructive coronary artery disease (2.5 lesions per patient) in whom angina was induced by atrial pacing. Thromboxane B2 at rest was barely detectable (0.537±0.16 pmol/ml), but rose during pacing (0.747±0.18 pmol/ml) and was maximal (p<0.05) 5–10 min after pacing (1.237±0.36 pmol/ml). In eight variant angina patients, resting levels of thromboxane B2 were not statistically different during spontaneous angina and angina-free intervals (2.837±0.56 and 1.577±0.34 pmol/ml), but the mean 5–10 min after angina was higher than during angina (6.41 7±1.46 pmol). The means of preanginal, anginal, and postanginal samples were all higher than the corresponding means of the classical angina group, and thromboxane B2 levels in variant angina patients in the absence of angina, during angina, and 5–10 min after angina were all significantly higher (p<0.025) compared to the classical angina group measured prior to pacing. Unlike the case with variant angina, thromboxane B2 is indetectable in classical angina pectoris patients at rest. Furthermore, spontaneous angina in variant angina or pacing-induced angina in classical angina pectoris are both followed by increased thromboxane B2, although the latter responses are smaller. The role of these phenomena in the pathogenesis of coronary artery spasm and ischemia remains to be clarified.