cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE POLITICS OF PRECOMMITMENT WITH ELECTORAL UNCERTAINTY AND TRANSACTION COSTS

Despite the lack of legal channels through which binding commitments can be made by the government, economic and political factors enable it to affect future outcomes. In practice, large transaction costs are associated with any significant change of policy, and therefore the current government can adopt policies so that certain outcomes are more likely to be realized by its successor. In this paper it is argued that transaction costs combined with electoral uncertainty are likely to drive the current government to adopt a policy which is extreme relative to the preferences of the existing political parties. This policy is adopted in order to ensure that due to transaction costs, the future government will not depart radically from the most preferred policy of the current government. If the current policy is likely to affect the election outcome, then, in addition to the above considerations, the electorate attitudes would have to be taken into account by the government. Hence, the current government confronts two factors in choosing its policies: the behavior of the future government and the behavior of the electorate. The interplay between the two factors determines the choice of the current policy.
Preparation of 25,26,26,26,27,27,27-heptafluoro-15-ketosterols labeled at C-23 with deuterium or tritium

Side-chain fluorinated 15-ketosterols are potent regulators of sterol synthesis. For investigations of their metabolism, we have prepared 3β-hydroxy-25,26,26,26,27,27,27-heptafluoro-5α-cholest-8(14)-en-15-one and its 7α-methyl and 8(14)-saturated derivatives with one deuterium or tritum atom at C-23. The isotopic hydrogen was introduced by reduction of 23-iodo-15-ketosterols with tributyltin deuteride or tritide. Mass spectral analyses of the deuterated sterols showed incorporation of one deuterium in the side chain, and 2H and 13C NMR showed that deuterium was present only at C-23. The tritiated sterols had specific activities of 82-179 mCi/mmol and showed high radiochemical purities. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of Perovskite-Based High-Value Integrated Capacitors by Chemical Solution Deposition

Projected trends for capacitors include increasing capacitance density and decreasing operating voltages, dielectric thickness and process cost. Advances in the fabrication and processing of barium strontium titanate (BST) and lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-based thin films are presented toward attaining these goals in next-generation high-value integrated capacitors. Increasing capacitance density has been demonstrated through the use of large-area electrodes, multilayer structures, and decreased dielectric layer thickness. Capacitance values as high as 10 μF were obtained in a single-layer, 10 cm2 film, and layer thicknesses as small as 9 nm have been achieved using chemical solution deposition. Base metal integration results for BST and PZT films are discussed in terms of additional cost and volume reduction; such films have achieved capacitance densities as high as 1.5 μF/cm2 and electric fields of 25 V/μm.
Evaluation of Model Reduction Methods of Bilinear Systems

Three recently proposed model reduction methods for bilinear systems (aggregation, least-square and balanced matrix methods) are compared. Relationship among these reduction methods is discussed along with computer simulation results.
Effects of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors on erectile function, sexual desire and ejaculation

Introduction: Treatment with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5ARI) is commonly utilized for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The true prevalence of sexual side effects with 5ARI t...
Photodissociation spectroscopy and dynamics of CH3O and CD3O

The photodissociation spectroscopy and dynamics of the methoxy radical A(2A1) ← X(2E) transition have been investigated using fast radical beam photofragment translational spectroscopy. The A state of both CH3O and CD3O is observed to predissociate via curve crossings with one or more repulsive electronic states. The photofragment yield spectrum consists of the C−O stretch progression and combination bands based on this mode. The major product channel is CH3 (CD3) + O, with a threshold 3775 cm-1 above the zero-point level of the A state. The product translational energy distributions reveal ν2 umbrella excitation in CH3 (CD3), yielding considerable insight into the dissociation dynamics for this channel. CD3O shows a mode-specific dynamical effect in which energy deposited in parent umbrella motion preferentially populates umbrella motion in the fragment. The product channels CH2 + OH (CD2 + OD) and D + CD2O are also observed, with evidence that the methylene fragment is predominantly in the excited a(1A...
Nurse-managed primary care delivery clinics

Health care presently is an ever-changing environment for all Americans, including the veteran population. New and innovative approaches to health care must include goals that maximize quality care, improve access and cost effectiveness, facilitate patient satisfaction, and optimize the functional status of patients. Recognizing the opportunities in this challenging environment, advanced practice nurses are stepping forward as competent primary care providers who can meet these goals. This article describes the establishment of primary care clinics run by advanced practice nurses in the US Department of Veterans Affairs Upper Midwest Healthcare Network, in the states of Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota.
A proposed mechanism for fatty acid effects on energy metabolism of the heart.

Abstract Long-chain acyl CoA esters can inhibit adenine nucleotide (ATP, ADP) translocation in heart mitochondria. Inhibition can be reversed by carnitine. By preventing the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids with cyanide or anerobiosis, there is an accumulation of the long-chain acyl CoA ester which in turn inhibits adenine nucleotide translocation. It is suggested that prolonged inhibition of adenine nucleotide translocation by long-chain acyl CoA esters may exert a deleterious effect on myocardial metabolism.
Reasoning About Mean Time to Failure in Vehicular Clouds

In this work, we envision a vehicular cloud involving cars in the parking lot of a major airport. The owners of these cars are typically on travel for several days, providing a pool of cars that can serve as the basis for a data center at the airport. We assume that the cars that participate in the vehicular cloud are plugged into a standard power outlet and are provided wireless connection to a central server at the airport. The defining difference between vehicular and conventional clouds lies in the distributed ownership and, consequently, the unpredictable availability of computational resources. As cars enter and leave the parking lot, new computational resources become available while others depart, creating a dynamic environment where the task of efficiently assigning cars to jobs becomes very challenging. Our main contribution is a family of redundancy-based job assignment strategies that mitigate the effect of resource volatility in vehicular clouds. We offer a theoretical analysis of the mean time to failure of these strategies. A comprehensive set of simulations has confirmed the accuracy of our theoretical predictions.
Factors influencing first intercourse for teenage men

Analyses of a nationally representative survey of 1,880 15- to 19-year-old men were conducted to examine factors associated with (a) the age when first sexual intercourse occurred and (b) whether a condom or other contraceptive method was used at first intercourse. Discrete time-event history models assessed factors influencing their age until first intercourse. Black males began sexual activity significantly earlier than white or Hispanic males. Males who had been held back in school also began sexual activity earlier. If a respondent's mother had been a teenager when she first gave birth, or if his mother was employed during his childhood, he was more likely to initiate intercourse early. A variety of combinations of AIDS and sex education topics were examined for their association with one's age at the time of first intercourse: two topics were associated with earlier intercourse, and one was associated with delays in first intercourse. Logistic regression models examined correlates of using a condom or any effective male or female method of contraception at first intercourse: having received education about birth control was marginally associated with increased probability of using a condom or any effective male or female contraceptive method at first intercourse. These findings indicate the relevance of integrated approaches to school-based sex and AIDS education in delaying intercourse and promoting use of contraceptive methods.
A Concentric Tube Continuum Robot with Piezoelectric Actuation for MRI-Guided Closed-Loop Targeting

This paper presents the design, modeling and experimental evaluation of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible concentric tube continuum robotic system. This system enables MRI-guided deployment of a precurved and steerable concentric tube continuum mechanism, and is suitable for clinical applications where a curved trajectory is needed. This compact 6 degree-of-freedom (DOF) robotic system is piezoelectrically-actuated, and allows simultaneous robot motion and imaging with no visually observable image artifact. The targeting accuracy is evaluated with optical tracking system and gelatin phantom under live MRI-guidance with Root Mean Square (RMS) errors of 1.94 and 2.17 mm respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the robot has kinematic redundancy to reach the same target through different paths. This was evaluated in both free space and MRI-guided gelatin phantom trails, with RMS errors of 0.48 and 0.59 mm respectively. As the first of its kind, MRI-guided targeted concentric tube needle placements with ex vivo porcine liver are demonstrated with 4.64 mm RMS error through closed-loop control of the piezoelectrically-actuated robot.
E-008 Packing Volume Densities by Coated vs Non-coated Coils in Endovascular treatment of Cerebral Aneurysms

Introduction Hydrogel coils have been introduced to efficiently increase the aneurysmal packing volumes which may, in turn, decreases the recurrence rate of the endovasularly treated cerebral aneurysms. There is no definite evidence for this at present, however. Methods This is a retrospective study of our interventionally coiled aneurysms. We have divided these aneurysms into Ruptured and Unruptured aneurysms and each group has been further subdivided into those treated with either Hydrogel or bare platinum coils. Volume fill is based on use of the Angiocalc program. Results In 301 patients, we have treated 354 aneurysms, 180 ruptured and 174 unruptured. We used the platinum coils in 95 ruptured and 87 unruptured aneurysms. The hydrocoated coils were used in 85 ruptured and 87 unruptured aneurysms. The average packing volumes resulted from the platinum coils were 46.37% and 52.36% in the ruptured and unruptured aneurysms respectively while the average packing volumes with hydrogel coils in the corresponding groups were 80.64% and 83.72% respectively. Total occlusion (packing volume = 100%) was achieved in 5 (5.26%) ruptured and 6 (6.9%) unruptured aneurysms treated with non-coated coils while it was achieved in 26 (30.59%) ruptured and 30 (34.48%) unruptured aneurysms treated with hydrocoated coils. Good packing volume (60%) was achieved in 29 (30.53%) ruptured and 31 (35.63%) unruptured aneurysms treated with non-coated coils while it was achieved in 71 (83.53%) ruptured and 80 (91.95%) unruptured aneurysms treated with hydrocoated coils. The overall average volume of aneurysms treated with non-coated coils was 156.75 mm 3 with an average packing volume of 49.2% while the overall average volume of the aneurysms treated with coated coils was 349.55 mm 3 with an average packing volume of 89.2%. Conclusion Regarding the aneurysmal packing volume, hydrocoils are proved to be more efficient than the conventional bare platinum coils in achieving higher packing densities at our institution. We currently use hydrogel coils for treatment of all coiled patients. Disclosures M. Darwish: None. A. Ku: None. K. Aziz: None. R. Williams: None.
Impacts of riparian buffer vegetation on soil quality physical parameters, 20-23 years after initial riparian buffer establishment

Multispecies riparian buffers (MRBs) are a conservation practice that protects water quality and prevents soil erosion by improving soil quality including aggregate stability, particulate organic matter (POM), and water infiltration. USDA Conservation Reserve Program MRB contracts last 10-15 years; evidence shows MRB soil quality may improve within 3-7 years, but there is little data on how MRB soils perform after contracts typically expire. Slaked soil aggregate stability was measured in a 20-21 year-old MRB in central Iowa at the surface (0-15 cm) and used to calculate the indices mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), and percent water-stable macroaggregates (%WSA). The MRB contained zones of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L. ‘Cave-inRock’), hybrid poplar (Populus spp.), and cool-season grass; results were compared with an adjacent crop field, a formerly grazed pasture, and a natural riparian forest. Bulk density, total soil carbon, and POM were also measured. A Cornell sprinkle infiltrometer was used to measure infiltration in a 10-year old tree and cool-season grass MRB, and in the switchgrass, cool-season grass and silver maple zones of the MRB used in the soil aggregate study. MRBs were compared with trafficked and non-trafficked crop interrows in a nearby crop field. Perennial vegetation had greater MWD, GMD, %WSA, and total SOC compared to the crop field. Data collected in 1997 showed no significant differences in %WSA or MWD between switchgrass and crop field, but did between cool-season grasses and crop field. However, %WSA and MWD under switchgrass increased 45.8% and 120.5%,
LPCEP: HTF Storage Strategy and Instance Mapping Table Based Complex Event Processing Model for Long Process

With the wide use of sensors and RFID devices and the development of the Internet of things,large quantities of event data are generated. Original event data must be processed by CEP in order to become valuable information with rich semantics. CEP has become research hotspot as an important part of the intelligent processing layer of the Internet of things. In practical applications,large numbers of event streams have the characteristics of long process,which demands the corresponding CEP to set large time windows and makes CEP face new challenges in the limited main memory. In all the current CEP methods,complex events are processed in the main memory without events stored and detected in the auxiliary storage. So,the current methods can not be applied in CEP for long process. Therefore,the paper proposes time slice based event instance storage strategy and instance mapping table based complex event detection method for large time windows,forming the CEP model for long process. The correlative experiments verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the model.
Generalized Weighted Model Counting: An Efficient Monte-Carlo Meta-Algorithm.

In this paper, we focus on computing the prices of secu- rities represented by logical formulas in combinatorial prediction markets when the price function is represented by a Bayesian network. This problem turns out to be a natural extension of the weighted model counting (WMC) problem (Sang, Bearne, and Kautz 2005), which we call generalized weighted model counting (GWMC) problem. In GWMC, we are given a logical formula F and a polynomial-time computable weight function. We are asked to compute the total weight of the valuations that satisfy F. Based on importance sampling, we propose a Monte-Carlo meta-algorithm that has a good theoretical guarantee for formulas in disjunctive normal form (DNF). The meta-algorithm queries an oracle algorithm that computes marginal probabilities in Bayesian networks, and has the following theoretical guarantee. When the weight function can be approximately represented by a Bayesian network for which the oracle algorithm runs in polynomial time, our meta-algorithm becomes a fully polynomial-time randomized approximation scheme (FPRAS).
Using iPSC-derived human DA neurons from opioid-dependent subjects to study dopamine dynamics

Introduction The dopaminergic (DA) system plays important roles in addiction. However, human DA neurons from drug-dependent subjects were not available for study until recent development in inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology. Methods In this study, we produced DA neurons differentiated using iPSCs derived from opioid-dependent and control subjects carrying different 3′ VNTR (variable number tandem repeat) polymorphism in the human dopamine transporter (DAT or SLC6A3). In addition, the effects of valproic acid (VPA) exposures on iPSC-derived human DA neurons are also examined. Results We present the first evidence suggesting that the 3′ VNTR polymorphism in the hDAT gene affects DAT expression level in iPSC-derived human DA neurons. In human DA neurons, which provide an appropriate cellular milieu, VPA treatment alters the expression of several genes important for dopaminergic neuron function including DAT, Nurr1, and TH; this might partly explain its action in regulating addictive behaviors. VPA treatment also significantly increased DA D2 receptor (Drd2) expression, especially in the opioid-dependent iPSC cell lines. Conclusions Our data suggest that human iPSC-derived DA neurons may be useful in in vitro experimental model to examine the effects of genetic variation in gene regulation, to examine the underlying mechanisms in neurological disorders including drug addiction, and to serve as a platform for therapeutic development.
The Association of Employment and Physical Activity Among Black and White 10th and 12th Grade Students in the United States

Background:Evidence of an association between employment and physical activity (PA) in youth has been mixed, with studies suggesting both positive and negative associations. We examined the association between employment and PA among U.S. high school students as measured by self-reported overall PA, vigorous exercise, and participation in school athletic teams. Methods:We employed a secondary analysis using weighted linear regression to a sample of black and white 10th grade (n = 12073) and 12th grade students (n = 5500) drawn from the nationally representative cross-sectional 2004 Monitoring the Future Study. Results:Overall, 36.5% of 10th and 74.6% of 12th grade students were employed. In multivariable analyses, 10th graders working >10 hours a week reported less overall PA and exercise and those working >20 hours a week reported less participation in team sports. Among 12th graders, any level of employment was associated with lower rates of team sports; those working >10 hours a week reported less over...
Two-Dimensional Analysis of Proteins in Unprocessed Human Urine Using Double Stain

Abstract In the present study, a revised two-dimensional (2-D) map of proteins in unprocessed human urine was established. Spot urines were obtained from ten healthy men and ten healthy women each in Dewar flasks over a mixture of protease inhibitors. The specimens were sieved, desalted and freeze-dried, and identical amounts were pooled according to sex. The resulting samples were dissolved in urea mix and subjected to 2-D gel analysis employing the ISO-DALT system: the electrophoretograms were developed by double stain. We visualized more protein spots than reported previously, though most of them as yet remain unidentified. With the exception of similar relative positions of major protein spots, the samples demonstrated different patterns: urine of women, in general, had more spots and a greater proportion of low molecular weight proteins. Besides α1-acid glycoprotein and the most acidic urinary proteins (MAUP), which were discerned earlier only in the ACIDO-DALT system, the ones known to precipitate while processing the samples were also detected. The 2-D profiles we established could be used as a diagnostic aid to study the excretion of proteins under various disease conditions.
Synthesis of Amino Sugars via Oximes: Methyl 4-Amino-4,6-dideoxy-α-d-allopyranoside

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the synthesis of amino sugars through the use of oximes. The reduction of an oxime has long been a synthetic method for the preparation of amines. The method offers a convenient synthetic route to amino sugars via conversion of a ketone to an oxime and reduction of the oxime to an amine as an alternative to more common procedures. Hydroxylamine hydrochloride is dissolved in a mixture of 30 ml of pyridine and 30 ml of anhydrous ethanol. 7 g (0.0324 mole) of methyl 6-deoxy-2,3- O -isopropylidene- α - d - ribo -hexopyranosid-4-ulose is added at ∼25° to this solution. After standing at ∼ 25° for 1 hour, the mixture is heated on a steam bath for 1 hour. The reaction mixture is then poured into an ice and water mixture and extracted with three 100 ml portions of ether.
Evaluation of clinical pharmacy services within the primary care–mental health integration model at the Tuscaloosa Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this review is to evaluate the direct delivery of health care to veterans before and after incorporating clinical pharmacy services within primary care mental health integration (PCMHI) at the Tuscaloosa Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Prior to establishing the role of the clinical pharmacy specialist (CPS) within PCMHI, the primary care providers deferred all mental health assessments to specialty mental health. As the demands of the service grew exponentially, assistance from clinical pharmacy was critical. Methods: A randomized, computer-generated list of 114 patients selected for the retrospective chart review was used to evaluate clinical outcomes in patients enrolled in the PCMHI clinic 1 year preincorporation and postincorporation of CPS. Outcome measures included the number of patients discharged from the PCMHI clinic upon achieving therapeutic goals or discharged to specialty mental health due to therapeutic failure or adverse drug events with first- and sec...
Microencapsulation of Stem Cells for Therapy

An increasing demand to regenerate tissues from patient-derived sources has led to the development of cell-based therapies using autologous stem cells, thereby decreasing immune rejection of scaffolds coupled with allogeneic stem cells or allografts. Adult stem cells are multipotent and are readily available in tissues such as fat and bone marrow. They possess the ability to repair and regenerate tissue through the production of therapeutic factors, particularly vasculogenic proteins. A major challenge in cell-based therapies is localizing the delivered stem cells to the target site. Microencapsulation of cells provides a porous polymeric matrix that can provide a protected environment, localize the cells to one area, and maintain their viability by enabling the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the encapsulated cells and the surrounding tissue. In this chapter, we describe a method to produce injectable microbeads containing a tunable number of stem cells using the biopolymer alginate. The microencapsulation process involves extrusion of the alginate suspension containing cells from a microencapsulator, a syringe pump to control its flow rate, an electrostatic potential to overcome capillary forces and a reduced Ca++ cross-linking solution containing a nutrient osmolyte, to form microbeads. This method allows the encapsulated cells to remain viable up to three weeks in culture and up to three months in vivo and secrete growth factors capable of supporting tissue regeneration.
An Integrative Review of Biological Variants and Chronic Stress in Emerging Adults With Chronic Conditions.

Purpose The purpose of this integrative review was to evaluate and synthesize studies that incorporated biological measures and examined their associations with chronic stress and anxiety in adolescents and emerging adults with chronic health conditions. Design An integrative literature review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement to identify studies published between 2005 and 2015. Methods Using key terms, three databases (PubMed/Medline, PsycInfo and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) were searched by a research librarian. Additional publications with relevance to the topic were identified from citing and cited literature. The full text of 61 publications was reviewed. The final group of articles analyzed for this review included 36 peer-reviewed publications and meeting abstracts. Findings Studies varied considerably in characteristics, theoretical frameworks, phenotypes of interest, and study measures. Few studies evaluated genomic variants; those that did often examined small samples and a limited number of biological factors. Conclusions Studies of chronic stress and anxiety in adolescents and emerging adults with chronic health conditions are currently limited in scope and impact. A more comprehensive approach will facilitate translation into practice to improve short- and long-term health outcomes. Clinical Relevance Precision and genomic healthcare initiatives support the relevance of this work for nurses in all areas of clinical practice. Genomic testing is expanding to include individuals in all age groups, with and without diagnosed conditions. As psychological and behavioral phenotypes may influence self-management outcomes of adolescents and emerging adults with chronic health conditions, further research in this area is warranted.
Near-infrared time-domain ultrasound-switchable fluorescence imaging

High signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in ultrasound-switchable fluorescence (USF) imaging was achieved via a new contrast agent and a new time-domain system implemented in an inverted fluorescence microscope.
Gender difference in kidney electrolyte transport. I. Role of AT1a receptor in thiazide-sensitive Na+-Cl− cotransporter activity and expression in male and female mice

We studied gender differences in Na+-Cl− cotransporter (NCC) activity and expression in wild-type (WT) and AT1a receptor knockout (KO) mice. In renal clearance experiments, urine volume (UV), glome...
Folate status in women of reproductive age as basis of neural tube defect risk assessment

Reliable folate status data for women of reproductive age (WRA) to assess global risk for neural tube defects (NTDs) are needed. We focus on a recent recommendation by the World Health Organization that a specific "optimal" red blood cell (RBC) folate concentration be used as the sole indicator of NTD risk within a population and discuss how to best apply this guidance to reach the goal of assessing NTD risk globally. We also emphasize the importance of using the microbiologic assay (MBA) as the most reliable assay for obtaining comparable results for RBC folate concentration across time and countries, the need for harmonization of the MBA through use of consistent key reagents and procedures within laboratories, and the requirement to apply assay-matched cutoffs for folate deficiency and insufficiency. To estimate NTD risk globally, the ideal scenario would be to have country-specific population-based surveys of RBC folate in WRA determined utilizing a harmonized MBA, as was done in recent studies in Guatemala and Belize. We conclude with guidance on next steps to best navigate the road map toward the goal of generating reliable folate status data on which to assess NTD risk in WRA in low- and middle-income countries.
Agile Fit Check Framework for Government Acquisition Programs

To embrace the rapid rate of change in software system development, it is crucial to be flexible, resilient, and robust. Although there is no one-size-fits-all process, an agile approach has been increasingly popular and widely adopted in the software industry. Aerospace and defense contractors have gradually started to adopt agile principles and its manifesto. However, there are questions on whether agile would be a good fit for large-scale mission-critical programs or better yet how we know whether we should use agile. If so, should we use agile as it is used in commercial software-intensive industry or should we tailor the process so that it is still agile but also compliant with government regulations. This paper discusses a framework that can be used to check the fitness of a proposal for an agile development based on the system’s characteristics and on both the government and the offerors’ readiness. This framework does not give a yes/no answer on whether a program should use an agile development process, but assists the program office in the identification and mitigation of the risks of an agile approach for a particular system. This framework will also identify opportunities for process tailoring and improvement. The framework was developed with the proposal phase in mind; however, it can be used at any time during the software development lifecycle to help mitigate agile development risks.
The Shape of Saturn’s Rings

Kovalevskaya’s paper (1885b) on the shape of Saturn’s rings was written while she was working with Weierstrass, but quite likely on her own initiative, since Weierstrass does not seem to have touched on the topic in either his published work or in his lectures. The title, “Zusatze und Bemerkungen zu Laplace’s Untersuchung uber die Gestalt der Saturnringe,” shows the context of the work. Laplace (1799) had studied the shape and stability of what was then believed to be Saturn’s one ring, though he did mention (1799, II, p. 163) some evidence that there was more than one ring. Laplace assumed that the ring had some kind of continuous structure. However Maxwell (1859) had shown that it was very unlikely that the rings could have any continuous structure such as Laplace’s work evidently postulated. It would seem to follow that further work on the physical model used by Laplace would not be worthwhile. Kovalevskaya therefore phrased her results as a commentary on Laplace.
THE CELLULAR CONTENT OF COWS MILK.

Summary The comparison of CMT score and direct microscope count on 1,187 quarter milk samples indicates some limitations in the use of the CMT as an indirect estimator of cell content in quarter milk samples. In these data a CMT score of one or less could be interpreted as good evidence that the sample contained less than one million cells per ml. CMT scores of 2.2 or more provide good evidence for cell counts in excess of one million. The intermediate scores range too widely in cell count to be interpretable in these terms.
Assessment of co-sintering as a fabrication approach for metal-supported proton-conducting solid oxide cells

Abstract Proton conducting oxide electrolyte materials could potentially lower the operating temperature of metal-supported solid oxide cells (MS-SOCs) to the intermediate range 400 to 600 °C. The porous metal substrate provides the advantages of MS-SOCs such as high thermal and redox cycling tolerance, low-cost of structural materials, and mechanical ruggedness. In this work, viability of co-sintering fabrication of metal-supported proton conducting solid oxide cells is investigated. Candidate proton conducting oxides including perovskite oxides BaZr0.7Ce0.2Y0.1O3−δ, SrZr0.5Ce0.4Y0.1O3−δ, and Ba3Ca1.18Nb1.82O9−δ, pyrochlore oxides La1.95Ca0.05Zr2O7−δ and La2Ce2O7, and acceptor doped rare-earth ortho-niobate La0.99Ca0.01NbO4 are synthesized via solid state reactive or sol-gel methods. These ceramics are sintered at 1450 °C in reducing environment alone and supported on Fe-Cr alloy metal support, and their key characteristics such as phase formation, sintering property, and chemical compatibility with metal support are determined. Most electrolyte candidates suffer from one or more challenges identified for this fabrication approach, including: phase decomposition in reducing atmosphere, evaporation of electrolyte constituents, contamination of the electrolyte with Si and Cr from the metal support, and incomplete electrolyte sintering. In contrast, La0.99Ca0.01NbO4 is found to be highly compatible with the metal support and co-sintering processing in reducing atmosphere. A metal-supported cell is fabricated with La0.99Ca0.01NbO4 electrolyte, ferritic stainless steel support, Pt air electrode and nanoparticulate ceria-Ni hydrogen electrocatalyst. The total resistance is 50 Ω·cm2 at 600 °C. This work clearly demonstrates the challenges, opportunities, and breakthrough of metal-supported proton-conducting solid oxide cells by co-sintering fabrication.
Broken Lives From Broken Windows: The Hidden Costs of Aggressive Order-Maintenance Policing

In this article I demonstrate that the aggressive policing of misdemeanor and lesser offenses results in a number of consequences that may ultimately be criminogenic. These effects can roughly be broken down into two categories: economic burdens and legitimacy costs. I conclude that while the impact of aggressive policing of minor offenses on crime rates requires more study, the costs associated with policing order via the criminal justice system are so great that immediate steps must be taken to reduce them.Recently, scholars in the field of criminal justice have grappled with three major developments that have significantly changed the landscape of the criminal justice system. These developments are (1) increased policing of minor social disorder based on the Broken Windows theory, (2) insights based on social psychology in the area of procedural justice, and (3) the expansion of civil collateral consequences of convictions. This paper explores the interplay between these three developments. In the policing sphere, the Broken Windows theory – the theory that correcting visible signs of social disorder will reduce serious crime – has given rise to aggressive order-maintenance policing strategies in many jurisdictions. Such policing has drawn millions of individuals into the criminal justice system for minor offenses. Social psychologists have contemporaneously produced compelling evidence that perceptions and judgments about “procedural justice” – the fundamental fairness of a process – have a greater impact on willingness to comply with authority than favorable outcomes (e.g., light sentences or even dismissal in a criminal case). Finally, scholars, judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys have written with concern about *272 civil collateral consequences that often outweigh and outlast underlying criminal convictions.This article examines these three developments. Using New York City as a case study, I assess the panoply of aggressive order-maintenance policing costs in light of both procedural justice costs and the collateral consequences. I reach two conclusions. First, aggressive order-maintenance policing likely exerts criminogenic pressure on the targets of aggressive policing and the neighborhoods from which they come. Second, many of the unintended and undesirable costs of aggressive order-maintenance policing can be mitigated or eliminated without abandoning a commitment to order maintenance.
Mindful Marketing: A Strategy-Based, Branded Approach for Encouraging Ethical Marketing.

For decades, marketing has been associated with moral lapses—an unsettling trend that is unlikely to change, short of substantially new methods in marketing ethics education. By leveraging the powe...
Multichannel fiber laser acoustic emission sensor system for crack detection and location in accelerated fatigue testing of aluminum panels

Detection and location of the source of acoustic emission in a thin aluminum panel is demonstrated using a multichannel fiber laser sensor system. Acoustic emission generated by a crack in an aluminum panel used as a test coupon in an accelerated fatigue experiment is detected and the location of the crack identified. Acoustic emission is detected over a bandwidth of around 0.5 MHz from a serially multiplexed array of four laser sensors and compared with measurements taken from four piezo-electric sensors co-located with the fiber laser sensors. The location of the crack is determined by first estimating time difference of arrival of signals at each sensor using a novel algorithm based on the cumulative distribution transform method with hyperbolic positioning. The fiber laser sensor is shown to match the signal-to-noise ratio of the industry standard (Mistras S9225) piezo-electric acoustic emission sensor.
Nouns and Verbs in Parent Input in American Sign Language during Interaction among Deaf Dyads

Parent input during interaction with young children varies across languages and contexts with regard to the relative number of words from different lexical categories, particularly nouns and verbs....
Spatiotemporal impacts of COVID-19 on air pollution in California, USA

Various recent studies have shown that societal efforts to mitigate (e.g. "lockdown") the outbreak of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused non-negligible impacts on the environment, especially air quality. To examine if interventional policies due to COVID-19 have had a similar impact in the US state of California, this paper investigates the spatiotemporal patterns and changes in air pollution before, during and after the lockdown of the state, comparing the air quality measurements in 2020 with historical averages from 2015 to 2019. Through time series analysis, a sudden drop and uptick of air pollution are found around the dates when shutdown and reopening were ordered, respectively. The spatial patterns of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) tropospheric vertical column density (TVCD) show a decreasing trend over the locations of major powerplants and an increasing trend over residential areas near interactions of national highways. Ground-based observations around California show a 38%, 49%, and 31% drop in the concentration of NO2, carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) during the lockdown (March 19-May 7) compared to before (January 26-March 18) in 2020. These are 16%, 25% and 19% sharper than the means of the previous five years in the same periods, respectively. Our study offers evidence of the environmental impact introduced by COVID-19, and insight into related economic influences.
“It’s [Not] Like a Racist Thing”: Producing Controversial Racial Representations in Postapartheid South Africa:

The production and airing of Color TV (2011–2012), a variety comedy show, on the South African Broadcasting Corporation was seemingly driven by creator, producer, and industry desire for increased ...
Techniques for simulating frozen bearing damage in bridge structures for the purpose of drive-by health monitoring

Drive-by Health Monitoring (DBHM) is a relatively new mobile health monitoring strategy that employs vehicle mounted sensors to monitor the health of bridge systems in an efficient and economical manner. Before DBHM can be realized as a viable health monitoring strategy, however, an approach for managing environmental and operational noise needs to be developed. In traditional health monitoring, machine learning techniques, such as neural networks, have been shown to reduce the effect environmental and operational noise has on damage detection accuracy; though, these methods typically require training on damage data, which can be difficult if not impossible to obtain for healthy structures. To resolve this issue, the authors proposed a methodology that utilizes a neural network architecture trained on realistic vehicle-bridge simulations to detect damage in physical highway bridges. For a simulation trained neural network to be able to detect physical bridge damage, numerical models must be able to accurately represent the behavior of a system when damaged. Therefore, the motivation of this work is to identify and validate physics-based techniques for modeling damage induced fluctuations in the dynamic response of highway bridge structures. This study focuses on one of the most common types of bridge damage, frozen support bearings. The authors introduce methods for modeling frozen bearing damage, and discuss the variety of variables that must be considered under certain environmental and operating conditions. The study concludes with demonstrating how to generally apply frozen bearing damage in healthy bridge models to represent possible future damage states.
Examining Racial Discrimination’s Association With Depressive Symptoms Through Metadehumanization Among African Americans: Does Racial Identity Matter?:

Though considerable empirical work has documented the ways in which African Americans are dehumanized by other racial groups, there is no research examining how perceiving dehumanization (i.e., met...
PEMCRC anaphylaxis study protocol: a multicentre cohort study to derive and validate clinical decision models for the emergency department management of children with anaphylaxis.

Introduction There remain significant knowledge gaps about the management and outcomes of children with anaphylaxis. These gaps have led to practice variation regarding decisions to hospitalise children and length of observation periods following treatment with epinephrine. The objectives of this multicentre study are to (1) determine the prevalence of and risk factors for severe, persistent, refractory and biphasic anaphylaxis, as well as persistent and biphasic non-anaphylactic reactions; (2) derive and validate prediction models for emergency department (ED) discharge; and (3) determine data-driven lengths of ED and inpatient observation prior to discharge to home based on initial reaction severity. Methods and analysis The study is being conducted through the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee (PEMCRC). Children 6 months to less than 18 years of age presenting to 30 participating EDs for anaphylaxis from October 2015 to December 2019 will be eligible. The primary outcomes for each objective are (1) severe, persistent, refractory or biphasic anaphylaxis, as well as persistent or biphasic non-anaphylactic reactions; (2) safe ED discharge, defined as no receipt of acute anaphylaxis medications or hypotension beyond 4 hours from first administered dose of epinephrine; and (3) time from first to last administered dose of epinephrine and vasopressor cessation. Analyses for each objective include (1) descriptive statistics to estimate prevalence and generalised estimating equations that will be used to investigate risk factors for anaphylaxis outcomes, (2) least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and binary recursive partitioning to derive and validate prediction models of children who may be candidates for safe ED discharge, and (3) Kaplan-Meier analyses to assess timing from first to last epinephrine doses and vasopressor cessation based on initial reaction severity. Ethics and dissemination All sites will obtain institutional review board approval; results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated via traditional and social media, blogs and online education platforms.
CLARA Review: Kourou, N & G. Bourogiannis. Ρυθμοί της Κυπριακής Κεραμικής: Σύντομη Επισκόπηση με βάση τη Συλλογή του Αρχαιολογικού Μουσείου του Τμήματος Ιστορίας και Αρχαιολογίας του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών: Styles of Cypriot Pottery: A Brief Survey on the Basis of the Collection in the Archaeological Museum, Department of History and Archaeology, National Kapodistrian University of Athens. Nicosia: The University of Cyprus Press, 173pp

The material and visual culture of Cyprus in Greece is represented by two important public collections in Athens, the Thanos Zintilis Collection at the Museum of Cycladic Art, and the collection of Cypriot Antiquities at the National Archaeological Museum in Athens. Both are quantitatively and qualitatively hefty and are wonderfully exhibited in displays that seek to convey to laymen and expertsalike the complexity, interconnections and cultural vigour of Cyprus over several millennia.The handy compendium by Nota Kourou and Giorgos Bourogiannis publishes an equally important, but not as easily accessible to a wider public, collection of Cypriote ceramics at the Archaeological Museum of the University of Athens. This is a didactic collection for students of history, art and archaeology in this institution whose curriculum has regularly included subjects on the art and archaeology of Cyprus since the 1980s.
Symmetry-derived structure directing agents for two-dimensional crystals of arbitrary colloids.

We derive properties of self-assembling rings which can template the organization of an arbitrary colloid into any periodic symmetry in two Euclidean dimensions. By viewing this as a tiling problem, we illustrate how the shape and chemical patterning of these rings are derivable, and are explicitly reflected by the symmetry group's orbifold symbol. We performed molecular dynamics simulations to observe their self-assembly and found 5 different characteristics which could be easily rationalized on the basis of this symbol. These include systems which undergo chiral phase separation, are addressably complex, exhibit self-limiting growth into clusters, form ordered “rods” in only one-dimension akin to a smectic phase, and those from symmetry groups which are pluripotent and allow one to select rings which exhibit different behaviors. We discuss how the curvature of the ring's edges plays an integral role in achieving correct self-assembly, and illustrate how to obtain these shapes. This provides a method for patterning colloidal systems at interfaces without explicitly programming this information onto the colloid itself.
Quem escreve é o corpo: entrevista a Ana Marques Gastão

Poet, essayist, literary critic, researcher, Ana Marques Gastao (b. 1962) is coordinator of the review Coloquio-Letras of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. She was also cultural journalist in the Diario Popular and in the Diario de Noticiasfor more than 20 years. Translated into several languages, her writings reveal the dense and profound harmony of universal movements. In O falar dos poetas, she writes: “Questionar e nao poder agir sem a resistencia do autor ate que a circulacao do pensamento inunde a gramatica da interrogacao e o contagie” (7). In the interview transcribed here, the discovery of words’ thinking movement also occurs.
Reduction of protein disulfide isomerase results in open conformations and stimulates dynamic exchange between structural ensembles

Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a ubiquitous redox-regulated enzyme that interacts with hundreds of client proteins intracellularly and extracellularly. It comprises two redox-sensitive domains, each hosting the conserved catalytic motif CxxC, two redox-insensitive protein-binding domains, and three linkers. Snapshots of oxidized and reduced PDI have been obtained by X-ray crystallography. Yet, how PDI9s structure dynamically changes in response to the redox microenvironment and ligand binding remain unknown. Here, we used multiparameter confocal single-molecule Forster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) and multiple FRET pairs to track the movements of the two catalytic domains with high temporal resolution. Our studies document that, at equilibrium, PDI visits three structurally distinct conformational ensembles, two "open" (O1 and O2) and one "closed" (C). We show that the redox environment dictates the time spent in each ensemble and the rate at which they exchange. While oxidized PDI samples O1, O2 and C more evenly and in a slower fashion, reduced PDI predominantly populates O1 and O2, and exchanges between them more rapidly, on the sub-millisecond timescale. These findings were not expected based on crystallographic data. Using mutational analyses, we further demonstrate that the two active sites are structurally nonequivalent and that ligands targeting the active sites of reduced PDI shift the equilibrium towards closed conformations of the enzyme. This work introduces a new structural framework that challenges current views of PDI dynamics, helps rationalize the multifaced role of PDI in biology and may assist drug development