cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Absolute measurement of total body calcium (bone mass) in vivo.

Abstract Using total body neutron activation analysis (TBNA) and total body counting, a technique has been established to quantitate body calcium in grams with an estimated accuracy of 5.2 per cent (see below). Five cadavers of various body size were activated and counted to establish the ratio of their induced 49 Ca activity to a fixed calcium standard, activated and counted under identical conditions. The cadaver skeletons were then ashed and chemically analyzed to establish the specific activity; i.e., the 49 Ca activity induced per gram of skeletal calcium. Variations in specific activity between cadavers were linearly related to body weight divided by height (kilogram per meter). The TBNA results from subjects of various sizes measured in vivo could then be converted to grams of calcium using the cadavers as comparison standards. In 8 normal men, total body calcium ranged from 933 to 1,361 Gm., average 1,093 Gm. Data for body calcium from cadaver analyses from the literature plus the present results were inspected. The relationship between skeletal calcium and skeletal length suggests that total body calcium increases as 15 the cube of skeletal length. Applying this relationship to normal men measured by TBNA, the expression y=0.203 x 3 was derived where y=calcium in grams and x=height in meters. In 5 patients with known osteopenia from various causes, bone mass was shown to be reduced 23 to 35 per cent below the expected normal.
Thinking outside of the lake: Can controls on nutrient inputs into Lake Erie benefit stream conservation in its watershed?

Abstract Investment in agricultural conservation practices (CPs) to address Lake Erie's re-eutrophication may offer benefits that extend beyond the lake, such as improved habitat conditions for fish communities throughout the watershed. If such conditions are not explicitly considered in Lake Erie nutrient management strategies, however, this opportunity might be missed. Herein, we quantify the potential for common CPs that will be used to meet nutrient management goals for Lake Erie to simultaneously improve stream biological conditions throughout the western Lake Erie basin (WLEB) watershed. To do so, we linked a high-resolution watershed-hydrology model to predictive biological models in a conservation scenario framework. Our modeling simulations showed that the implementation of CPs on farm acres in critical and moderate need of treatment, representing nearly half of the watershed, would be needed to reduce spring/early summer total phosphorus loads from the WLEB watershed to acceptable levels. This widespread CP implementation also would improve potential stream biological conditions in > 11,000 km of streams and reduce the percentage of streams where water quality is limiting biological conditions, from 31% to 20%. Despite these improvements, we found that even with additional treatment of acres in low need of CPs, degraded water quality conditions would limit biological conditions in > 3200 stream km. Thus, while we expect CPs to play an important role in mitigating eutrophication problems in the Lake Erie ecosystem, additional strategies and emerging technologies appear necessary to fully reduce water quality limitation throughout the watershed.
Overview of DNA repair pathways, current targets, and clinical trials bench to clinic

Abstract Despite a longstanding understanding that many endogenous and exogenous agents can damage DNA, knowledge of how DNA repairs itself was largely an academic pursuit until the last two decades. The ongoing molecular characterization of the DNA damage response (DDR) and pathway crosstalk is invaluable in helping scientists learn how to modulate DNA repair activities therapeutically—ultimately translating discoveries into standalone or combination treatments, chemosensitizers or radiosensitizers. The study of DNA repair is also uncovering synthetic lethalities that are induced when an inhibitor capitalizes on a tumor-specific dysfunction or mutation. Although these targeted anticancer treatments are designed to cause less toxicity to normal cells, we still have much to learn before we can fully and optimally exploit this type of intervention. This chapter summarizes the history of DNA repair, explains important “firsts” in the field of DNA repair inhibition, overviews all DNA repair pathways, and suggests future directions for DNA repair inhibition.
Teachings of the Dead: The Archaeology of Anatomized Remains from Holden Chapel, Harvard University

In 1801, Holden Chapel at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts was retrofitted for anatomical and chemical instruction and to house the Harvard Medical School. The chapel was used for anatomical teaching until 1862. There, faculty and students attended lectures, dissected cadavers, and studied a wide variety of specimens and anatomical preparations. In 1999, archaeologists recovered human skeletal material and other artifacts from a dry well in the Holden Chapel basement, a once-temporary trash receptacle that was filled before 1850. New osteological and documentary research on this collection documents aspects of the materiality of early modern anatomical instruction, including the roles of preparations. This chapter discusses this evidence of historical practices of anatomization, providing insight into the creation of medical authority, shifting ethical norms, and concepts of identity, personhood, and the body during a transformative period in medical education.
Tokyo, de gedissocieerde stad

Een zondagmiddagwandeling door de stad deed me weer eens realiseren wat een wonderlijke, gespleten plek dit is. Veel Nederlanders associeren Tokyo met hightech, overvloedige lichtreclame, jonge mensen in rare hippe kleren, gadgets en robots, maar deze stad lijkt hevig gedissocieerd: het ene Tokyo lijkt geen benul te hebben van het andere Tokyo! In de kleine straa tjes van deze krioelende metropool zijn er bijvoorbeeld winkeltjes die je eerder zou verwachten in een afgelegen dorp. Zo kwam ik in een zaakje waar behalve horloges en gereedschap ook computers uit de jaren ‘80 werden verkocht.
A compact 446 Gbps/W AES accelerator for mobile SoC and IoT in 40nm

An AES hardware accelerator targeting energy efficient, low cost mobile and IoT applications is fabricated in 40nm CMOS. The proposed design eliminates the ShiftRow stage in conventional AES implementations and replaces flip-flops in data and key storage with latches using re-timing, saving 25% area and 69% power. Along with a 2-stage Sbox in native GF(24)2 composite-field computation and glitch reduction techniques, this results in a compact 2228 gate design achieving 446 Gbps/W and 46.2 Mbps throughput at 0.47V.
Darwin and the Ethnologists: Liberal Racialism and the Geological Analogy

Toward the end of The Descent of Man , Darwin made a striking assertion. “I would as soon be descended,” he claimed, from a “heroic little monkey” than from a “savage” who practiced torture and infanticide, treated “wives like slaves,” and was indecent and superstitious. These lines have been often quoted but rarely analyzed. I argue here that they provide a means for following Darwin’s thought as he grappled with contemporary ethnological evidence that seemed—if today’s “savages” were to be taken as models for primeval humans—to work against his theory of sexual selection as it applied to humankind. In addition to explicating what I suggest is a crucial element of Descent , this paper has three aims, all of which help us better understand the relationships between ethnology and Darwinian thought. First, to offer a selective intellectual history of British ethnology between 1864 and 1871, focusing on those texts that Darwin deemed most problematic for his arguments. Second, and as a result, to better specify Darwin’s views on race by comparing him not to his opponents, but to his like-minded peers, a group I term “liberal racialists.” Third, to explore the utility of what I term the “geological analogy,” a mid-nineteenth-century version of the comparative method (which substituted study of “less developed” peoples today for humans in much earlier periods). Where liberal ethnologists deployed the geological analogy consistently, Darwin would be much more selective, denying its application at times in favor of analogies to lower animals. He would thus save his theoretical suppositions by denying that contemporary “lower” races, with their depraved morality, could serve as appropriate models for our apparently more decent, yet more animalistic forebears.
Intelligent targeting with contextual binding

Intelligent automation in accurate targeting is always a challenge in cybersecurity. Accurate attribution in digital forensic investigation is one of the good examples. How can the most relevant route be identified and selected within the first attempt or the first few attempts in investigative search without human intervention? What shortcuts can be utilized? How effective are these shortcuts? These are the questions that this paper intends to explore as the current automated approaches are neither sufficient nor intelligent. Resorting to the Contextual Binding Conditions, this paper shows that structural relationship, which supports automation, can be utilized in providing intelligence not only in capturing current status but also in offering intelligent hints or guidance in getting closer to the correct target in order to find out truth.
Identification of chromosomal abnormalities in prostate cancer by array CGH

LB-55 Genetic alterations are the hallmark for various diseases like cancer, mental retardation and birth defects. Identifying these alterations and the genes they contain will provide molecular targets for diagnosis and therapy. Genomic DNA was isolated from LNCaP, a human prostate cancer model cell line. Labeled genomic DNA probes were generated from LNCap cells and normal female genomic DNAs using CyScribe™ Array CGH Genomic Labeling Kit (GE Helathcare) and BioPrime™ Array CGH Genomic Labelling System (Invitrogen). The labeled fragments were hybridized on to a Spectral Chip™ 2600 used for whole genome scanning and Constitutional Chip™ 3.0 containing clones for 48 constitutive diseases. Image analysis was performed by Axxon GenePix® Pro 6.0 software and chromosomal abnormalities were identified using web-based Spectral Ware™. Higher dye labeled DNA yields (>16%) and CyDye dCTP-nucleotide incorporation (10%) were achieved with Amersham CyScribe Array CGH Genomic Labeling Kit. Analysis of hybridization data showed similar signal intensities, log2 ratios and signal to noise ratios for the two kits. Both kits identified loss in 2p22.3-2p14; 10q23.1-10q24.33; 13q21.1-13q22.1 chromosomal regions and strong gain in Yq11.2 region that were previously detected by conventional CGH.
Next-generation sequencing for genetic cancer risk assessment: Critical needs and perceptions of community clinicians.

1536 Background: Current standard-of-care practice for genetic cancer risk assessment (GCRA) focuses on single-gene testing for specific hereditary cancer syndromes. Next-generation sequencing (NGS...
Predictors of response to platinum (Pt)-based chemotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

e575Background: Aggressive variant PC (AVPC) is a well-described subtype of PC which portends a poor prognosis. Studies have shown an increase in progression-free survival(PFS) when Pt is added to taxane-based treatment in AVPC. Clinical features including visceral metastasis, lytic bone lesions, low PSA, short responses to androgen suppression and high Gleason score at diagnosis predict response to upfront docetaxel (D) and Pt (Aparicio et. al. Clin Cancer Res 2013). Our objective was to study the effect of baseline characteristics on PFS with D+Pt in D-pretreated CRPC. Methods: A retrospective review of D-pretreated mCRPC men who received D (60-75 mg/m2) and carboplatin (C, AUC 4-5) at our institution between 2008- 2015 were included in this analysis. All patients had metastatic CRPC, were heavily pre- treated (median treatments = 4) and received at least one cycle of D+C. Numerical data was analyzed using Student’s T-test; binary data was analyzed with Z-proportions test. Results: 28 patients were iden...
Examining barriers to negotiated environmental agreements

We bring together disparate negotiation theory research in order to identify a composite set of potential barriers to reaching agreement in environmental negotiations. This framework builds on behavioral decision theory, showing barriers that arise from personal values and institutional values and norms, as well as from situational elements that influence individual behaviors and organizational strategies. We contribute to the literature on organizational behavior by making explicit the relationship between the strength of the situation and organizational behavior related to negotiations. The elements of situational strength have not been addressed adequately in prior negotiation literature. We incorporate this concept into a comprehensive set of barriers to offer explanations for the intractability of many environmental disputes.
Preimages of the Numerical Range

AbstractFor a nonnormal two-by-two matrix B, there exist two open disjoint subsets of the complex unit sphere from which the mapping z*Bz is a bijection onto the interior of the numerical range of B. Moreover, the union of the closures of these two subsets, up to rotation, yields the entire unit sphere.
Clinical pharmacogenomics testing in the era of next generation sequencing: challenges and opportunities for precision medicine.

Introduction: The rapid development and dramatic decrease in cost of sequencing techniques have ushered the implementation of genomic testing in patient care. Next generation DNA sequencing (NGS) t...
Inequalities and Functional Equations in Probability theory

Introduction, Inequalities and functional equations are frequently used in probability theory. In the first section of this paper we discuss some important inequalities, in the second section we deal with certain functional equations encountered in probabilistic problems. The use of these tools is illustrated in section 3, where we derive a new result, namely a stability theorem for a characterization of the normal distribution.
Stability Analysis of Controlled, Partially-Connected, Distributed-Parameter Systems Through Perturbation Methods

A stability result for locally-controlled, interconnected, distributed-parameter systems (DPS) is developed. Using a special perturbation operator, exponential stability is shown to be a function of both the value of the perturbation operator and the characteristics of the interconnected DPS. Proof of the bound is shown using the expansion of the matrix operator and the solution vector through a set of gauge functions. Each expansion term is power matched and individually bound using stationary phase methods. Special consideration is given to interconnected systems of a structural dynamic nature.
Long-step path-following algorithm for solving symmetric programming problems with nonlinear objective functions

We developed a long-step path-following algorithm for a class of symmetric programming problems with nonlinear convex objective functions. The theoretical framework is developed for functions compatible in the sense of Nesterov and Nemirovski with $$-\,\ln \det $$ barrier function. Complexity estimates similar to the case of a linear-quadratic objective function are established, which gives an upper bound for the total number of Newton steps. The theoretical scheme is implemented for a class of spectral objective functions which includes the case of quantum (von Neumann) entropy objective function, important from the point of view of applications. We explicitly compare our numerical results with the only known competitor.
Perioperative Dietary Restriction of Carbohydrates in the Management of Blood Glucose Levels in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Replacement

Abstract Background Approximately 75% of the US population over 65 years has prediabetes or diabetes. Despite current evidence for the efficacy of carbohydrate restriction in managing blood glucose, this practice has not been implemented as part of routine perioperative blood sugar management. We hypothesize that a carbohydrate reduced hospital diet (CRD) of 135 g/d may improve blood sugar levels following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) compared to a non-carbohydrate reduced hospital diet (NCRD). Methods We randomized non-insulin-dependent prediabetic and diabetic patients undergoing TKA to either an NCRD or a CRD. Sixty-four patients were enrolled in the study and 2 were excluded, leading to 62 patients in the final analysis. The NCRD group included 14 females (47%) and 16 males (53%), with mean age of 68.5 years (±6.3 years). The CRD group included 16 females (50%) and 16 males (50%), with mean age of 68.0 years (±8.0 years). For hemoglobin A1C, the NCRD group had mean 5.8% (±0.6%) and the CRD group had mean 5.7% (±0.8%). For body mass index, the NCRD group had mean 29.3 kg/m2 (±6.3 kg/m2) and the CRD group 32.7 kg/m2 (±5.0 kg/m2). The primary outcome measure was mean blood glucose. Results Mean blood sugar values during hospital stay were significantly lower in the CRD group with 121.5 mg/dL (±17.1 mg/dL) compared to the NCRD group 141.2 mg/dL (±31.3 mg/dL, P = .0031). Conclusion Blood sugar levels after surgery can be significantly reduced with a CRD. Further research is necessary to study the effect of reduced blood sugar levels on complications and infection rates following TKA surgery. Level of Evidence I.
Framing plagiarism as a disease heightens students' valuation of academic integrity.

Prior research based on conceptual metaphor theory has explored how metaphorical language subtly influences how people perceive social issues. For instance, rhetoric comparing a perceived problem to a disease has been used historically to generate support for a wide array of measures proposed to "treat" the problem, and recent experimental work demonstrates the efficacy of this approach. The current paper extends this literature by looking at the use of disease metaphor in a novel domain: student perceptions of plagiarism on campus. We found that participants (N = 365) exposed to a disease-metaphoric description of plagiarism on campus perceived it to be a more severe problem and, as a result, were more supportive of a variety of anti-plagiarism policies. This mediational analysis further demonstrates the far-reaching practical significance of metaphor.
Theoretical study of formate, tartrate, tartronate, and glycolate production from 6-carbon trioxylate intermediate in the citric acid cycle

Reaction pathways of side products (formate, glycolate, and tartronate) from dihydroxyfumarate (DHF) were theoretically investigated as DHF is an intermediate in the process of producing tartrates and oxalate from glyoxylate of the citric acid cycle. The proposed pathways for each reaction were mapped by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The transitions states were confirmed by analyzing the vibrational frequency and the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) theory. The corresponding reaction activation energy, enthalpy change, Gibb’s free energy change, and rate of reactions were calculated to get a clear picture of the whole reaction pathway. In the whole process, the decarboxylation reaction showed the highest energy barrier of 20–23 kcal/mol. Proton transfer and hydroxylation reactions were almost barrierless. As most of these reactions have very low energy barrier, our findings elucidate the high probability of those reactions under experimental conditions.
Fitting computer science in a college

With the dot-com boom, a number of colleges strengthened their computer science programs, including often adding a major where none existed before. But the more recent financial crises have led many colleges to revisit the place of computer science in their curriculum. In recent years, notable colleges that have dropped their computer science majors include Albion College (MI), Birmingham-Southern College (AL), Lycoming College (PA), Minnesota State University (MN), and Tulane University (LA). At the University of Cincinnati (OH) and Western Washington University (WA), the major was singled out for removal but preserved after intensive public discussion.
The Financial Accelerator: Evidence from International Housing Markets

This paper shows novel evidence on the mechanism through which financial constraints amplify fluctuations in asset prices and credit demand. It does so using contractual features of housing finance. Among agents whose housing demand is constrained by the availability of collateral, those who can borrow against a larger fraction of their housing value (achieve a higher loan-tovalue, or LTV, ratio) have more procyclical debt capacity. This procyclicality underlies the financial accelerator mechanism. Our study uses international variation in LTV ratios over three decades to test whether (a) housing prices and (b) demand for new mortgage borrowings are more sensitive to income shocks in countries where households can achieve higher LTV ratios. The results we obtain are consistent with the dynamics of a collateral-based financial accelerator in international housing markets. Copyright Oxford University Press 2006
Periodontal Disease, Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke

Background We recently described the association between periodontal disease (PD) and stroke risk. Purpose The purpose of this study was to test the association between PD, dental care utilization and incident atrial fibrillation (AF), as well as AF as a mediator to PD- stroke association. Methods In dental cohort of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC), participants without prior AF underwent full-mouth periodontal measurements. PD was defined on an ordinal scale as healthy (referent), mild, moderate and severe. In ARIC main cohort, participants were classified as regular or episodic dental care users. These patients were followed for AF, over 17 years. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for AF risk factors were used to study relationships between PD severity, dental care utilization and AF. Mediation analysis was used to test if AF mediated the PD- stroke association. Results In dental ARIC cohort, 5,958 were assessed without prior AF, 754 were found to have AF. Severe PD was associated with AF on both univariable (crude HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.26-1.87) and multivariable (adjusted HR, 1.31, 95% CI, 1.06-1.62) analyses. Mediation analysis suggested AF mediates the association between PD and stroke. In the main ARIC cohort, 9,666 participants without prior AF were assessed for dental care use, 1558 were found to have AF. Compared with episodic users, regular users had a lower risk for AF on univariable (crude HR, 0.82, 95% CI, 0.74-0.90) and multivariable (adjusted HR, 0.88, 95% CI, 0.78-0.99) analyses. Conclusions PD is associated with AF. The association may explain the PD-stroke risk. Regular users had a lower risk of incident AF compared with episodic users.
Identification of critical paths in circuits with level-sensitive latches

An approach to timing verification of circuits with level-sensitive latches which focuses on the critical paths that constrain the operating speed of these circuits is described. The timing model used has been referred to as the 'SMO model' (Sakallah, Mudge and Olukotun, 1990). Three types of critical paths (long, short and loops) can arise in the SMO formulation; verifying their timing is sufficient to ensure correct operation. An algorithm for identifying these paths is presented, and its relationship to other approaches to solving the SMO model equations is discussed. Finally, results which demonstrate the algorithm on circuits from the ISCAS89 benchmark suite are presented. >
A Different Kind of Crisis on the Bench (Letter)

The author disagrees with the position of the D.C. Bar President that insufficiency of judicial compensation is an important policy problem.
Optoelectronics and Nanophotonics of Vapor–Liquid–Solid Grown GaSe van der Waals Nanoribbons

2D/layered semiconductors are of interest for fundamental studies and for applications in optoelectronics and photonics. Work to date focused on extended crystals, produced by exfoliation or growth and investigated by diffraction-limited spectroscopy. Processes such as vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth carry potential for mass-producing nanostructured van der Waals semiconductors with exceptionally high crystal quality and optoelectronic/photonic properties at least on par with those of extended flakes. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis, structure, morphology, and optoelectronics/photonics of GaSe van der Waals nanoribbons obtained by Au- and Ag-catalyzed VLS growth. Although all GaSe ribbons are high-quality basal-plane oriented single crystals, those grown at lower temperatures stand out with their remarkably uniform morphology and low edge roughness. Photoluminescence spectroscopy shows intense, narrow light emission at the GaSe bandgap energy. Nanophotonic experiments demonstrate traveling waveguide modes at visible/near-infrared energies and illustrate approaches for locally exciting and probing such photonic modes by cathodoluminescence in transmission electron microscopy.
THE ROLE OF LIVESTOCK SECTOR IN POVERTY REDUCTION IN EGYPTIAN RURAL

The livestock sector is a vital sector in the Egyptian agricultural economy. It contributed about 35% of the total agricultural income, which estimated of about million 252 LE during the period 2010-2013. The category of small farmers (holders of Less than three Fadden) is the dominant category in the structure of the Egyptian agriculture. According to agricultural census data in 2010 the category of small farmers included about 4 million holdings of the agricultural land in Egypt, represented about 84% of the total number of holdings in Egypt the area of these holdings estimated of about 3.4 million Fadden, represented about 38% of the total agricultural area in Egypt (more than one third of the total agricultural area in Egypt). Moreover, the majority of agricultural animal holdings is concentrated in the pre-mentioned category and represented a main source of its income. Therefore, solving the problems of livestock sector in general and small farmers in particular, will help through for achieving the sustainable agricultural development through increasing the income of small farmers and reducing the rural poverty.
When and why we disclose distress on SNSs: Perceived affordances, disclosure goals, and anticipated negative evaluations

Abstract Social networking sites (SNSs) offer unprecedented opportunities for broadcasting self-disclosure. However, questions regarding when and why people tend to post distressing information on SNSs have received insufficient scholarly attention. Rooted in the functional approach of self-disclosure, we investigated how perceived SNS affordances (i.e., network accessibility, visibility, and visibility control) are associated with broadcasting distress disclosure tendencies on SNSs via disclosure goals. Working with 398 college students, we found that people disclose distress on SNSs for seeking support and expressing emotions. However, anticipated negative evaluations can lessen the associations between disclosure goals and distress disclosures on SNSs. Furthermore, the results revealed that network accessibility was indirectly associated with distress disclosures on SNSs via support-seeking goals while visibility control was indirectly related to distress disclosures via emotion expression goals. The indirect effects indicate the importance of studying disclosure goals when investigating the associations between affordances and disclosures. Together, this study advances our understanding regarding online distress disclosures by integrating SNS affordances, disclosures goals, and subjective risks.
Novel Optimal Multisensor Placement for Indoor Rectilinear Line-of-Sight Coverage

Optimal multisensor placement/deployment for an arbitrary indoor geometry still remains very challenging nowadays. It is preferable to minimize the number of sensors which can still cover the entire indoor space with a balanced load. However, this multi-objective problem is quite complex in practice. In this work, we will study this critical multisensor placement problem mathematically and algorithmically and propose a systematic approach to tackle this problem. In this paper, we focus on the line-of-sight (LoS) coverage within a rectilinear indoor environment and the sensors’ locations are restricted on the perimeter. Our proposed new approach consists of two stages. First, a partitioning algorithm is designed to partition an arbitrary rectilinear geometry into a number (as few as possible) of feasible rectilinear subareas, each of which can be fully covered by a sensor located somewhere on its external perimeter. Second, the average squared Euclidean distance from a sensor to an arbitrary point within its coverage area is taken as an additional objective measure. By minimizing such average squared Euclidean distance, one can find the optimal sensor location. In our new approach, the first stage is related to solving the art gallery problem (AGP) based on discrete optimization while the second stage is based on continuous optimization. Therefore, our proposed new approach involves both continuous and discrete optimization schemes. By simulations, we also show that the number of sensors placed by our new algorithm is equal to or less than the theoretical upper-bound established in the existing AGP study for numerous rectilinear geometries. Moreover, we also show that by minimizing the average squared Euclidean distance, we maximize the average received signal strength indoors using the prevalent Feko wireless-channel emulator. Our proposed new systematic approach can also deal with practical scenarios involving internal obstacle(s) and sensing-range restriction.
Places to Dream

The 2012 election showed that the Latino vote is a force that must be reckoned with, and this has revived discussions about the DREAM Act and Immigration Reform, particularly about the idea that those immigrants who are already here should be allowed to stay. But why does being physically present in a state’s territory entitle you to rights that you would not otherwise have? This paper examines arguments to grant rights to Dreamers based on membership and territorial presence, and argues that relation to place gives us better grounds for claiming that Dreamers have a right to stay.
Curating Consciousness: Mysticism and the Modern Museum

Artists have often taken rational, material existence as a starting point for engagement with metaphysics and mysticism, but no book until now has traced a similar strategy on the part of curators. In Curating Consciousness, Marcia Brennan focuses on one of the transformational figures of twentieth-century curatorial culture, and the main protagonist of this (until now) unacknowledged curatorial practice. James Johnson Sweeney (1900--1986) was hired by Alfred H. Barr, Jr., to be the Director of Painting and Sculpture at the Museum of Modern Art in 1935. He went on to become the Director of the Guggenheim Museum in the 1950s and the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, in the 1960s. Throughout his career, Sweeney provocatively engaged motifs of mysticism in order to cast the modern museum as a secular temple of art. Brennan describes how these motifs informed Sweeney's curatorial and textual engagements with specific artists and projects, including works by Marcel Duchamp, Alberto Burri, Pierre Soulages, Jean Tinguely, and Eduardo Chillida.
Effect of body weight on uptake of methyl mercury by fish

An uptake rate of 1.10 ng mercury (Hg) per h per fish was obtained when small golden shiners, Notemigonus crysoleucus, with a body weight of 2.5 g were exposed to water at 13°C containing 0.1 x 10 - 3 μg Hg/ml. Results onmethyl mercury uptake from water by fish ranging in body weight from 2 to 120 g demonstrate that smaller fish accumulate mercury in their body tissues at a taster rate per unit weight of body tissue than larger fish. Mercury uptake followed first order mass action kinetics in which the whole fish was treated as a single uptake compartment. The acquired body burdens of mercury in the test fish varied proportionately with the 0.76 power of the body weight. The observed body weight exponent of 0.76 is similar to the function one would expect if uptake rate increased in proportion to metabolic rate. Therefore, factors such as water temperature and fish activity may also effect uptake of methyl mercury from water due to their direct effect on metabolic rate.
Radioimmunoassay for cyclic nucleotides. II. Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate in mammalian tissues and body fluids.

Abstract Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) were measured in mammalian tissues and fluids by radioimmunoassay in a variety of physiological and pharmacological conditions. Basal concentrations and responses to hormonal stimuli were in close agreement with results from previous studies using other assay techniques. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase treatment of urine and trichloroacetic acid extracts of various tissues completely destroyed the immunoreactive material in each assay except for a tissue blank in kidney, liver, and skeletal muscle of 24%, 40%, and 15%, respectively, in the cGMP assay. The nature of this cross-reacting substance has not been identified. Hormonal stimuli causing marked increases in cAMP in vivo or in vitro did not affect the level of cGMP, indicating that the concentration of each of these nucleotides is controlled independently. Adrenalectomy caused an increase in cGMP in skeletal muscle, but did not affect cAMP in this or other tissues. The concentration of cGMP in skeletal muscle from adrenalectomized rats reverted toward normal after treatment with dexamethasone. Adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase activities in subcellular fractions were estimated by immunoassay of the amount of cAMP and cGMP formed from ATP and GTP, respectively. The high specificity and sensitivity of the cAMP and cGMP immunoassays allowed detection of cyclic nucleotide in the supernatant of the reaction mixture without prior concentration or separation procedures. No difference in adenylate cyclase activity in liver plasma membranes was observed between this technique and that of measuring conversion of [α-32P]ATP to [32P]cAMP. Guanylate cyclase activity was detectable in soluble fractions from liver and renal cortex and was not affected by glucagon, dexamethasone, thyroxine, or sodium fluoride added in vitro.
Further investigations of a 2-/spl mu/m Tm:YVO/sub 4/ laser

The performance of a Tm:YVO/sub 4/ laser has been optimized by varying the thickness of the laser crystal and the reflectivity of the output coupler. This has led to the measurement of a slope efficiency of 48% for the laser output. Formulas describing the saturation of the pump and the upper laser level in the presence of up-conversion loss have been developed. Fitting of the experimental data to the saturation curves calculated using these formulas has yielded an up-conversion rate constant from /sup 3/F/sub 4/ to /sup 3/H/sub 5/ of 2/spl middot/10/sup -18/ cm/sup 3/ s/sup -1/. >
Automatic self-alignment and registration for PET/CT reconstruction by a cross-correlation maximization method

The images obtained from a PET/CT system need to be registered and fused together to provide the doctor a better view of the tumor's anatomical locations. Ideally, the PET and CT are aligned in the manufacturing/setup stages. However, patient loading, bed deflection and subject movement can cause misalignment in fusion registration. The misalignment also introduces scattering and attenuation correction errors to the PET images resulting in quantitative errors and artifacts. In this study, we propose an automatic self-alignment method for PET/CT fusion registration by deriving the PET and CT alignment-transformation matrix from the real object/patient data based on cross-correlation maximization principle. The new method can reduce the requirement for the mechanical precision between the PET and CT; eliminate the use of specially designed calibration phantoms; the patient-table deflection effect is already included in the self-alignment process thus will be corrected automatically. An iterative procedure based on 2D cross-correlation maximization on the three projections is developed. Several modification techniques for the projections are studied to improve the accuracy and convergence of the iterations. Real mouse images from the MuPET/CT system are tested and good alignment results are achieved.
Gray and multigroup radiation transport models for two-dimensional binary stochastic media using effective opacities

Abstract One-dimensional models for the transport of radiation through binary stochastic media do not work in multi-dimensions. Authors have attempted to modify or extend the 1D models to work in multidimensions without success. Analytic one-dimensional models are successful in 1D only when assuming greatly simplified physics. State of the art theories for stochastic media radiation transport do not address multi-dimensions and temperature-dependent physics coefficients. Here, the concept of effective opacities and effective heat capacities is found to well represent the ensemble averaged transport solutions in cases with gray or multigroup temperature-dependent opacities and constant or temperature-dependent heat capacities. In every case analyzed here, effective physics coefficients fit the transport solutions over a useful range of parameter space. The transport equation is solved with the spherical harmonics method with angle orders of n=1 and 5. Although the details depend on what order of solution is used, the general results are similar, independent of angular order.
Comparative effectiveness and safety of cefdinir and amoxicillin-clavulanate in treatment of acute community-acquired bacterial sinusitis. Cefdinir Sinusitis Study Group.

Cefdinir is an extended-spectrum oral cephalosporin that is active against pathogens commonly seen in acute community-acquired bacterial sinusitis (ACABS), including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Two randomized, investigator-blind, multicenter trials (one in the United States and one in Europe) compared two dosage regimens of cefdinir (600 mg once a day for 10 days and 300 mg twice a day for 10 days) to amoxicillin-clavulanate (A-C) (500 mg three times a day for 10 days) for adult and adolescent patients with ACABS. Twelve hundred twenty-nine patients entered the U.S. study, 698 with antral puncture; 569 patients entered the European study, all with antral puncture. Clinical response (cure or improvement) was determined 7 to 14 days and 3 to 5 weeks posttherapy. Microbiologic eradication rates were determined 10 to 30 days posttherapy in a subset of patients who underwent pre- and posttherapy sinus aspirate culture. Rates of adverse events and treatment discontinuations due to adverse events were examined. Cefdinir, given once or twice daily, was as effective clinically (approximately 90% cure rate) as amoxicillin-clavulanate given three times daily in the treatment of ACABS. Microbiologic eradication rates were also similar in the three groups. The major side effect was mild diarrhea, occurring in approximately 20% of each group. Cefdinir caused fewer adverse events requiring treatment discontinuation.
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Expands a Population of NKG2D + CD8 + T Cells That Exacerbates Disease in Mice Coinfected with Leishmania major

Leishmaniasis is a significant neglected tropical disease that is associated with a wide range of clinical presentations and a lifelong persistent infection. Because of the chronic nature of the disease, there is a high risk for coinfection occurring in patients, and how coinfections influence the outcome of leishmaniasis is poorly understood. To address this issue, we infected mice with Leishmania major and 2 wk later with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and then monitored the course of infection. Leishmania parasites are controlled by production of IFN-γ, which leads to macrophage-mediated parasite killing. Thus, one might predict that coinfection with LCMV, which induces a strong systemic type 1 response, would accelerate disease resolution. However, we found that infection with LCMV led to significantly enhanced disease in L. major-infected animals. This increased disease correlated with an infiltration into the leishmanial lesions of NKG2D(+) CD8(+) T cells producing granzyme B, but surprisingly little IFN-γ. We found that depletion of CD8 T cells after viral clearance, as well as blockade of NKG2D, reversed the increased pathology seen in coinfected mice. Thus, this work highlights the impact a secondary infection can have on leishmaniasis and demonstrates that even pathogens known to promote a type 1 response may exacerbate leishmanial infections.
Nonlinear adaptive optimization of biomass productivity in continuous bioreactors

A novel on-line adaptive optimization algorithm is developed and applied to continuous biological reactors. The algorithm makes use of a simple nonlinear estimation model that relates either the cell-mass productivity or the cell-mass concentration to the dilution rate. On-line estimation is used to recursively identify the parameters in the nonlinear process model and to periodically calculate and steer the bioreactor to the dilution rate that yields optimum cell-mass productivity. Thus, the algorithm does not require an accurate process model, locates the optimum dilution rate online, and maintains the bioreactors at this optimum condition at all times. The features of the proposed new algorithm are compared with those of other adaptive optimization techniques presented in the literature [1–5]. A detailed simulation study using three different microbial system models [3, 6–7] was conducted to illustrate the performance of the optimization algorithm.
“I Rained”: On Loving and (Un)becoming

This is a story of loss but also a story of love, a narrative, attempting to share my memories of my friend Paul and his death, which occurred during fieldwork I conducted in Oregon in 2007. This is also a story of my struggles with chronic illness. Together, these experiences have shaped how I embody, interpret, and understand loss. To tell this story, I weave together Peter McWilliams' poem, “Rain,” personal narrative created from field journals, and musical lyrics from Paul's band.
High-resolution comparative mapping of mouse chromosome 17

Abstract We have constructed a high-resolution genetic linkage map spanning the proximal 32 cM of mouse chromosome 17 including the t complex. Simple sequence repeats at D17Tu1 and D17Mit6 were employed to identify 121 recombinants among 374 offspring of a (C57BL/6) × CAST/Ei) × C57BL/6 backcross. In contrast to previously reported interspecific Mus domesticus × Mus spretus backcrosses, we did not observe inversion polymorphisms with our cross. This and the relatively high frequency of DNA polymorphisms between C57BL/6 and CAST/Ei allowed us to put 32 RFLV markers and 32 PCR markers on a single map. We present the localization of four new DNA markers and determined map positions for 10 other loci, which previously had been assigned to intervals of the t complex only through the study of partial t haplotype chromosomes.
Testosterone increases and estradiol decreases middle cerebral artery occlusion lesion size in male rats

Abstract This study was undertaken to determine the effects of estrogen and testosterone on cerebral ischemic lesion size induced by middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in male rats. Rats were gonadectomized and treated with testosterone, estrogen, or testosterone plus estrogen filled Silastic® pellets. The animals were divided into 6 groups: intact, intact+estrogen (E2), castrate, castrate+testosterone (T), castrate+E2, and castrate+T+E2. One week after treatment, cerebral ischemia was induced by MCA occlusion for 40 min, followed by reperfusion. After 24 h, rats were sacrificed and slices were then stained to assess lesion size. The presence of testosterone increased and the removal of testosterone decreased lesion size. A strong positive correlation (r2=0.922) between plasma testosterone concentrations and ischemic lesion size was observed. Estradiol treatment reduced ischemic area. In summary, the present study provides evidence that testosterone exacerbates and estrogens ameliorate ischemic brain damage in an animal model of cerebral ischemia.
Role of the Pressure for Validity of the Energy Equality for Solutions of the Navier–Stokes Equation

We prove that a weak solution $$u \in L_{\rm loc}^{\infty} ([0,T),L^{2}({\mathbb R}^{3})) \cap L_{\rm loc}^{2} ([0,T),H^{1}({\mathbb R}^{3}))$$ of the Navier–Stokes system satisfies the energy equality if the associated pressure is locally square integrable. A similar statement is shown to hold for the Euler system.
Ethanol production from xylitol and some other polyols by Pichia angophorae

Several strains of the yeastPichia angophorae produced ethanol from xylitol in yields that were as high as 0.3 g ethanol/g xylitol used. One of the strains also produced ethanol from D-sorbitol and D-mannitol. The ability to produce ethanol from xylitol and sorbitol is of interest in efforts to increase the yield of ethanol in fermentations where these two polyols are produced as by-products.
An Optimal Adaptive Filtering Algorithm with Zero Antenna-Induced Bias for GNSS Antenna Arrays

Antenna arrays with space-time adaptive processing (STAP) are commonly used to provide adaptive interference suppression capabilities for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. A GNSS receiver estimates the range to a satellite by measuring the carrier phase and code delay of a known ranging signal. However, while suppressing interference, adaptive antennas may inadvertently introduce bias errors into these measurements. For precision applications, these biases are a significant source of error. Consequently, this paper derives a novel STAP filtering algorithm which is specifically designed to produce zero antenna-induced bias while simultaneously maximizing the effective carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N0). Provided accurate antenna manifold knowledge, simulations demonstrate that this algorithm achieves both zero bias errors and C/N0 performance that approaches the theoretical upper bound. This is true in any interference scenario regardless of the antenna used. Most importantly, the proposed algorithm has implementation requirements comparable to algorithms in use today.
Recollection, perception, imagination

The question can equally well be asked about other modalities a purring cat could be substituted for a sleeping one, for example. But the chief examples will be visual. Despite the similarities between remembering, seeing, and imagining, one can readily distinguish them in one's own case. When one sees a cat sleeping, one is often in a position to know that one sees a cat sleeping. (Or, at least, to know that one sees something, which perhaps unbeknownst to one is a cat sleeping.) In ordinary cases, there is no danger of confusing vision with recollection or imagination. Although confusion between recollection and imagination is more likely, it is not pervasive: usually there is little difficulty in knowing that one is recalling a cat sleeping, not (merely) visualizing a cat sleeping.1 Our second question concerns this latter fact:
On possible correlations in the photospheric magnetic field

We have searched for correlations between photospheric magnetic field changes in the north and south hemispheres of the Sun. Both active region logs and analysis of Mount Wilson magnetograms were employed. No correlations were found, and we infer that local convective turbulence is more important than dynamo processes with regard to the appearance of individual active regions.