cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Polymer-Insecticide Systems for Use as Livestock Feed Additives

Polymer-insecticide feed-additive larvicides were developed for minimum insecticide loss in livestock and maximum release in manure. Rates of C14 and H3 tagged insecticide elution were determined in vitro aqueous and in the digestive tract of cattle. Greater insecticide water-solubility and polymer flexibility and smaller par tick size increased insecticide elution rate. Inclusion of polymer fillers also controlled elution rate. Rates of release were uniform. Polyvinyl chloride was the most promising polymer.
A Possible Case of Lukan Authorship (John 7 53–8 11)

In his Philology of the Gospels Professor Blass referred somewhat casually to the Lukan style of the pericope adulterae. His theory of a Roman edition of Luke's works issued by the author himself, in connection with which his reference was made, has not received very wide acceptance, and so the linguistic phenomena to which he called attention were not made generally known. The motives of the present writer in bringing the subject forward again are not merely that the Lukan style of this passage impressed itself independently upon him, as it might upon any one familiar with Luke's style, but because von Soden's careful study of the text of the passage, and Harnack's recent use of the style of the Lukan writings make it desirable to give a fresh presentation of the evidence.
Differentials in the Relationship Between Values and Practices in Fertility

T HIS study was designed to investigate the degree of correspondence between fertility values and practice for a randomly selected sample of recent mothers in an urban community.' In an earlier study,2 the concept of "ideal" family size was examined in an attempt to discern: (a) any socio-economic differentials that may exist and (b) the extent to which such ideal conceptualization was in some agreement with actual practices. The results of that study substantiated the already observed reversal of the inverse socio-economic differentials in fertility3 and indicated a direct relationship between socio-economic variables, actual size, and ideal size, the latter always being higher than the average actual number of children. The use of the concept of "ideal size" as index of fertility values takes an added significance in exploring fertility and population trends into the future in the light of recent vital experiences. Given the drastic control of infant mortality, changes in fertility practices can be primarily explained in terms of human control over the physiological processes involved. Such control, from a sociological point of view, involves the interplay of values and attitudes and the greater and most effective use of birth control means. In our present study we have tried to answer the following questions: 1. What differences exist between ideal and actual number of children for various socio-economic groups? 2. How are such differences related to the planning to have more children status of the mother? These two questions have been asked -in order to find out the extent to which values are congruent with practice and further to examine the degree to which such congruency can serve as a useful guide for future fertility experiences and trends. Implicit in the formulation of these questions is the following premise: The socio-economic status is directly related to the amount of rationality in fertility as measured by the amount of discrepancy between value and practice.
The rise and fall of fascist superpowers

Viewed in their original context, comic book superheroes express the paradox that democratic utopianism can be defended only through anti-democratic means. Superheroes were conceived in response to fascism, achieved massive popularity with the expansion of a fascist-fighting war, and began to wane not at the close of that war but at the earliest signs of victory. The rise and fall of fascism does not coincidentally parallel the arc of the Golden Age character; the ideology informs the hero type’s conception, market surge, and eventual renunciation. After the fall of Nazi Germany, Communism proved an inadequately dire threat to justify the figure’s continuation, and those few superheroes who survived the industry’s Wertham-led, anti-fascist purging in the mid-fifties did so because they had been divorced from their authoritative violence. The historical relationship between Golden Age heroes and fascism was distanced in the early sixties when Silver Age creators reproduced the formulas apart from their ori...
Extreme Weather: Politics and Public Communication

This chapter explores three primary topics: the politics, public communication, and public education initiatives related to extreme weather events in the United States. The chapter begins with an overview of the interconnectedness of government agencies in addressing extreme weather circumstances, followed by the role extreme weather calamities can play in politics and political campaigns. Following this, the evolving role of social media as a tool for government agencies to communicate with the citizenry is described. The chapter closes with a description of various mass communication theories and descriptions of how the theories apply to extreme weather events.
The Primacy of Politics: The Rise of Fascism and National Socialism

In the early 1930s, Hendrik de Man and Marcel Deat had helped blaze a trail for a new kind of post-Marxist left that would eventually become known as social democracy. But by the end of the decade, they had become known for something much different. Having lost faith in the SFIO in particular and the mainstream socialist movement more generally and becoming convinced that liberal democracy was on the verge of collapse, Deat and many other neosocialists started to look more closely at the communitarianism and anticapitalist critiques of Nazis and Fascists – and liked what they saw. Over time, they decided that these movements were the only ones willing and able to fix capitalism's problems and provide the collective purpose and identity they felt France and Europe desperately needed. In this shift, they were hardly alone. Frustrated by the socialist movement's traditionalism and passivity, disillusioned with the liberal, democratic, capitalist order, and impressed by the vitality of the radical right – particularly its ability to merge communitarian appeals and strategies for controlling capitalism – a surprising number of socialists during these years made the journey from (revisionist) left to (fascist or national socialist) right. By the late 1930s, even de Man had become convinced that neither the mainstream socialist movement nor liberal democracy had a future, and so began advocating authoritarian revisions to the reigning political order in the service of something he called socialisme national .
Methane Emissions from the Natural Gas Supply Chain

Abstract The climate benefits of switching from more carbon-intensive fossil fuels to natural gas may be reduced or delayed by supply chain emissions of methane, the primary constituent of natural gas and a powerful greenhouse gas with short-term climate impacts. This chapter describes methane emission sources across the natural gas supply chain. A summary is provided of two US Environmental Protection Agency sources estimating US emissions based primarily on data predating unconventional development. Recent top-down and bottom-up emission estimates are reviewed and compared with previous estimates. Remaining uncertainties in methane emissions are discussed.
Base on multipath transmission business of QoE evaluation survey

In the present multipath transmission technology, lack of research on QoE evaluation mechanism, most of previous QoE evaluation mechanism applied to traditional p2p transmission, thus cannot give full play to the multipath QoE for path measurement, load distribution and congestion control management forecast monitoring function. Therefore, this paper from the current research situation and progress of QoE, through the the introduction of the reviewed by QoE quantitative and measurement method, selection of video streaming media service as the research object, using the analytic hierarchy process (ahp) to establish multipath transmission environment video business data sample training set, evaluates the centralized coordination of multipath QoE. Through the simulation experiments prove that the method can according to the change of each transmission sub-paths forecast real-time business data and the dynamic adjustment, ensure quality of end user experience.
When the Apocalypse Comes, Will Anything Change?: Gay Marriage, Black Lives Matter, and The Rule of Law

When society collapses, the rule of law will cease to operate. What a person owns and what rights she has will depend not on proper title or originalist interpretations of the 14th amendment, but on whether she can protect what she has with a sword or a gun. This essay, part of the Savannah Law Review’s symposium on The Walking Dead, argues that modern American society already operates in the same way, minus the zombies. Using the lawless post-apocalyptic life portrayed in The Walking Dead as a foil, I argue that life today is not as “lawful” as most assume. The civil rights movement in the 1960’s, the struggle for LGBTQ rights, the Black Lives Matter movement, and the recent standoff at the Malheur Wildlife Refuge all reveal that the rights promised by legislatures and constitutions are often very different from the rights people actually enjoy. Rather, the “laws” we believe protect us are nothing but words on paper until, and unless, individuals and society fight to make them a reality.
Teaching Body and Spatial Awareness in Elementary Physical Education Using Integration of Core Content Subjects

Studies have found that movement can have a positive effect on the linguistic and intellectual capabilities of the brain, proving that physical fitness is related to academic performance. By allowing elementary students to move around and be involved in physical activity at school, the brain is able to make stronger connections with the material learned in the classroom. By integrating general subjects into physical education lessons in elementary school, students are able to improve their cognitive, psychomotor and affective learning domains, as well as develop body and spatial awareness skills. With an increased collaboration between teachers, physical educators can teach through activity, rather than via a textbook, whiteboard or lecture. The purpose of this article is to show ways to integrate other subjects into elementary physical education lessons that can improve body and spatial awareness.
Molecular Basis for Cohesin Acetylation by Establishment of Sister Chromatid Cohesion N-acetyltransferase ESCO1

Protein acetylation is a prevalent posttranslational modification that is regulated by diverse acetyltransferase enzymes. Although histone acetyltransferases (HATs) have been well characterized both structurally and mechanistically, far less is known about non-histone acetyltransferase enzymes. The human ESCO1 and ESCO2 paralogs acetylate the cohesin complex subunit SMC3 to regulate the separation of sister chromatids during mitosis and meiosis. Missense mutations within the acetyltransferase domain of these proteins correlate with diseases, including endometrial cancers and Roberts syndrome. Despite their biological importance, the mechanisms underlying acetylation by the ESCO proteins are not understood. Here, we report the X-ray crystal structure of the highly conserved zinc finger-acetyltransferase moiety of ESCO1 with accompanying structure-based mutagenesis and biochemical characterization. We find that the ESCO1 acetyltransferase core is structurally homologous to the Gcn5 HAT, but contains unique additional features including a zinc finger and an ∼40-residue loop region that appear to play roles in protein stability and SMC3 substrate binding. We identify key residues that play roles in substrate binding and catalysis, and rationalize the functional consequences of disease-associated mutations. Together, these studies reveal the molecular basis for SMC3 acetylation by ESCO1 and have broader implications for understanding the structure/function of non-histone acetyltransferases.
Synergistic Astrophysics in the Ultraviolet using Active Galactic Nuclei

Observing programs comprising multiple scientific objectives will enhance the productivity of NASA's next UV/Visible mission. Studying active galactic nuclei (AGN) is intrinsically important for understanding how black holes accrete matter, grow through cosmic time, and influence their host galaxies. At the same time, the bright UV continuum of AGN serves as an ideal background light source for studying foreground gas in the intergalactic medium (IGM), the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of individual galaxies, and the interstellar medium (ISM) and halo of the Milky Way. A well chosen sample of AGN can serve as the observational backbone for multiple spectroscopic investigations including quantitative measurements of outflows from AGN, the structure of their accretion disks, and the mass of the central black hole.
Fifty shades of inhibition

Inhibitory circuits are essential for brain function. Our understanding of their synaptic organization has advanced extensively with the identification and classification of an impressive variety of neuron groups, receptor types, and patterns of connectivity. However, the conceptual discussion regarding the role of in neural circuits still revolves around the idea that its primary role is to regulate circuit excitability. Here, I will focus on recent findings from cortical circuits and argue that inhibitory circuits are central to the integration of incoming inputs and can promote sophisticated fine-scale control of local circuits. I propose that inhibitory circuits should not be viewed so much as brakes on principal neurons activity, but as primary contributors to a variety of neural network functions.
Analysis of parasitic effects of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) electrolyte on liquid-metal monopole antennas

Liquid metal alloys are being researched as a safe alternative to mercury in many different applications. One of these applications is using the liquid metal to form a reconfigurable antenna that allows changing frequency, beam steer, or polarization in real-time by injecting or retracting the liquid metal. Due to the formation of an oxidation layer on top of the liquid metal, researchers have been using an electrolyte to corrode this layer. This letter will analyze the effect this electrolyte has on the return loss of the antenna. Preliminary results show the electrolyte changes the effective length of the antenna, causing it to have a minimum return loss value at lower frequencies than predicted from the metal height alone.
Performance evaluation of building integrated solar thermal shading system: Active solar energy usage

This paper presents an evaluation of the building integrated solar thermal shading (BISTS) system on solar energy usage. A medium office building in Los Angeles defined by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) was used in the case study. The BISTS louvers mounted on the south, east, and west facades of the building were used to harvest solar energy to supply domestic hot water (DHW), space heating and/or cooling. The solar thermal system was modeled and simulated in TRNSYS. Solar fraction and solar useful efficiency were calculated, and a recommended operation strategy was proposed. The results indicated that: 1) potentially, the annual domestic hot water load can be fully supplied by the BISTS system. To achieve a recommended solar fraction 75%, either 10 m2 collector on the south facade or 33 m2 collector on the east and west facades are required; 2) 20.2% of cooling load or 64.6% of heating load can be met by the remaining collectors. The BISTS on the south facade is primarily recommended to provide space heating and/or cooling; 3) combined heating and cooling enables the system to take more advantage of solar energy for energy savings from auxiliary heating.
Importance of Inside Directors in Managing Financial Slack in R&D-intensive Firms

Agency theory places a great deal of importance on the monitoring responsibility of outside directors, while much less is known about a board’s inside directors. We address this gap by investigatin...
The Mind-Body Problem: Empirical or Conceptual Issue?

The recent experimental and philosophical literature on the mind-body problem is organized around 4 basic theories, ranging from psychophysical dualism to the identity thesis. The instrumentalist account of scientific theories as “inference tickets” is then explored and related to the relation between theory, observation statements, and fact. It is argued that a scientific theory, together with its concepts, is simply a postulated system of logical categories for conceptualizing a theory-neutral experimental datum. This entails that the mind-body problem is a methodological rather than an empirical or even a metaphysical issue regarding the logical adequacy of one or another theoretical framework for construing the relation between mental, bodily, and environmental categories.
A case report: Glycopyrrolate for treatment of exercise-induced hyperhidrosis

Objective:Hyperhidrosis can cause dehydration and exercise intolerance. There are several case reports of extremely high sweat rates in athletes. We present as case report of a 17-year-old male wit...
Enabling Resilience of Complex Engineered Systems Using Control Theory

Successful recovery from a disrupted state to maintain optimal performance is a key feature that a resilient complex engineered system should have. In the engineering design community, the current focus of engineering resilience research is primarily directed toward improving overall system performance in the presence of likelihood failures. Little attention has been given to the study of how the system responds during and/or after the occurrence of a failure event. This paper proposes the use of control theory as a strategy to enable resilient behavior in complex engineered systems. Control theory has various benefits in its application to a resilient engineered system, with the main advantage being its ability to regulate and govern system states, even while the failure is taking place. In the context of implementation within a complex engineered system, such a controller should be designed such that, when a disturbance occurs, the controller should simultaneously be able to take timely action to correct the shift in system performance. To date, the fusion of control theory with engineering resilience has not been explored in-depth by the engineering design community. This paper, thus, presents a resilience modeling and analysis approach using fundamental control theory. The resilience of a power distribution system is employed as a case study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The presented study also expects to aid in the concurrent development of resilience functions in complex engineered systems under uncertainty.
Irreversible Thermodynamics and Transport

The product of electrical potential ψ and charge dq is a reversible free energy change Charge is transferred without changing the potential. The energy is the product of an intensive ψ(J/C) and extensive (qC) parameters. A battery converts chemical energy to electrical energy. Energy is transferred reversibly only when the current that moves across the system boundary is infinitesimally small.
Leg Contouring With Calf Implants

This article describes the types of calf implants currently used. Indications and the techniques for a satisfactory implantation are discussed. In addition, complications and how to avoid them are reviewed. A description of the philosophy and the understanding of a satisfactory implantation for improvement of leg contour is provided.
Work-related health emergency cases due to hydrofluoric acid exposures reported to Texas poison centers

Objectives Hydrofluoric acid is used in a number of industries. Work-related accidents involving hydrofluoric acid can result in serious injury and death. The intent of this investigation was to describe work-related hydrofluoric acid exposures in Texas.
Blocky Ionomers via Sulfonation of Poly(ether ether ketone) in the Semicrystalline Gel State

Blocky sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) ionomers were synthesized by postpolymerization functionalization in the gel state. Matched sets of blocky and random SPEEK with ion contents betw...
The Maturation of Tissue-Engineered Skeletal Muscle Units Following 28-Day Ectopic Implantation in a Rat

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a loss of skeletal muscle that results in a sustained impairment of function and is often accompanied by physical deformity. To address the need for more innovative repair options, our laboratory has developed scaffold-free, multiphasic tissue-engineered skeletal muscle units (SMUs) to treat VML injuries. In our previous work, using the concept of the "body as a bioreactor", we have shown that implantation promotes the maturation of our SMUs beyond what is possible in vitro. Thus, in this study we sought to better understand the effect of implantation on the maturation of our SMUs, including the effects of implantation on SMU force production and cellular remodeling. We used an ectopic implantation so that we could more easily dissect the implanted tissues post-recovery and measure the force contribution of the SMU alone and compare it to pre-implantation values. This study also aimed to scale up the size of our SMUs to enable the replacement of larger volumes of muscle in our future VML studies. Overall, implantation resulted in extensive maturation of the SMUs, as characterized by an increase in force production, substantial integration with native tissue, innervation, vascularization, and the development of structural organization similar to native tissue.
The Democratic Disconnect, the Power-Legitimacy Nexus, and the Future of EU Governance

This chapter reflects on the ongoing democratic legitimacy challenges in the EU and what they might mean for the future of European governance. As I have maintained elsewhere, these challenges are best understood not as a 'democratic deficit' at the supranational level — the conventional view — but as a 'democratic disconnect' between the supranational and the national levels. The idea of a disconnect better captures the dynamics at the heart of European governance, in which functional demands have compelled the delegation of regulatory power to supranational institutions even as the experience of democratic self-government has remained stubbornly national. The sense of disconnection feeds into what we can call the 'power-legitimacy nexus', in which the nature of the EU’s legitimacy (largely technocratic and administrative rather than robustly democratic and constitutional in its own right) also determines the scope of power that supranational institutions are able then to successfully exercise. The effects of this phenomenon have been particularly apparent over the past decade of crisis. Despite the expansion of the EU's rulemaking, enforcement, and adjudicative powers, integration remains dependent upon forms of resource mobilization, both fiscal and human, that are still located almost completely at the national level. Whether in terms of taxing and spending, or policing and defense, resource mobilization powers remain fundamentally national because that is where the robust democratic and constitutional legitimacy needed to exercise them in fact resides. Forms of governance that are more technocratic and administrative in character, such as the EU, simply cannot exercise such powers on their own, at least not in a macroeconomically and geopolitically salient sense, precisely as the power-legitimacy nexus would predict. Many recent calls for reform stress the evident functional advantages of 'Europeanizing' resource mobilization powers. But unless there is a rare confluence of functional, political and cultural pressures precipitating what historical-institutionalists call a critical juncture — something certainly not out of the question — the EU will likely try to continue muddling through with incremental changes that remain constrained by the democratic disconnect and the power-legitimacy nexus.
Identification of an Important Orphan Histidine Kinase for the Initiation of Sporulation and Enterotoxin Production by Clostridium perfringens Type F Strain SM101.

ABSTRACT Clostridium perfringens type F strains cause a common human foodborne illness and many cases of nonfoodborne human gastrointestinal diseases. Sporulation plays two critical roles during type F enteric disease. First, it produces broadly resistant spores that facilitate type F strain survival in the food and nosocomial environments. Second, production of C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), the toxin responsible for causing the enteric symptoms of type F diseases, is restricted to cells in the process of sporulation. While later steps in the regulation of C. perfringens sporulation have been discerned, the process leading to phosphorylation of Spo0A, the master early regulator of sporulation and consequent CPE production, has remained unknown. Using an insertional mutagenesis approach, the current study identified the orphan histidine kinase CPR0195 as an important factor regulating C. perfringens sporulation and CPE production. Specifically, a CPR0195 null mutant of type F strain SM101 made 103-fold fewer spores than its wild-type parent and produced no detectable CPE. In contrast, a null mutant of another putative C. perfringens orphan histidine kinase (CPR1055) did not significantly affect sporulation or CPE production. Studies using a spoIIA operon promoter-driven reporter plasmid indicated that CPR0195 functions early during sporulation, i.e., prior to production of sporulation-associated sigma factors. Furthermore, in vitro studies showed that the CPR0195 kinase domain can autophosphorylate and phosphorylate Spo0A. These results support the idea of CPR0195 as an important kinase that initiates C. perfringens sporulation by directly phosphorylating Spo0A. This kinase could represent a novel therapeutic target to block C. perfringens sporulation and CPE production during type F disease. IMPORTANCEClostridium perfringens type F enteric diseases, which include a very common form of food poisoning and many cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, develop when type F strains sporulate and produce C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) in the intestines. Spores are also important for transmission of type F disease. Despite the importance of sporulation for type F disease and the evidence that C. perfringens sporulation begins with phosphorylation of the Spo0A transcriptional regulator, the kinase phosphorylating Spo0A to initiate sporulation and CPE production had not been ascertained. In response, the current report now provides identification of an orphan histidine kinase named CPR0195 that can directly phosphorylate Spo0A. Results using a CPR0195 null mutant indicate that this kinase is very important for initiating C. perfringens sporulation and CPE production. Therefore, the CPR0195 kinase represents a potential target to block type F disease by interfering with intestinal C. perfringens sporulation and CPE production.
The network analyzer

This chapter describes briefly the structure of network analyzers and the measurements one can perform. The measurements described are primarily those needed for the present work and hence this description should not be viewed as a tutorial on the use of network analyzers.
Effects of strain hardening on quasi-static fracture in elasto-plastic solid represented by modified yield strip model

Matching the near tip stress and strain fields, resulting from the continuum mechanics models of the crack with the corresponding fields postulated within the small process region adjacent to the leading edge of the crack, allows one to gain a better understanding of the interrelations between the microstructure and the macroscopic response of a material undergoing extensive deformation and fracture process. In this work, attention is focused on the influence of the strain-hardening phenomenon of the Ramberg-Osgood type on the material fracture response. In particular, through detailed analysis of the relations pertinent to the onset of stable cracking process and to the attainment of the steady-state limit which corresponds to a fully developed energy absorption mechanism that a material is capable to provide, it has been found that even minimal amount of strain-hardening has a significant effect on the predicted value of the JM ss / Jc ratio. This ratio defines the margin of safety when dealing with fracture associated with a nonlinear elasto-plastic deformation process. The end results of this study can be applied to small scale yielding range and moderate amount of strain-hardening. Plane stress is usually implied, but for nonmetallic materials the division between plane stress and plane strain conditions is blurred (as exemplified by the localized craze which usually precedes fracture in polymer specimens regardless their width).
Targeting Precision with Data Augmented Samples in Deep Learning.

In the last five years, deep learning (DL) has become the state-of-the-art tool for solving various tasks in medical image analysis. Among the different methods that have been proposed to improve the performance of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), one typical approach is the augmentation of the training data set through various transformations of the input image. Data augmentation is typically used in cases where a small amount of data is available, such as the majority of medical imaging problems, to present a more substantial amount of data to the network and improve the overall accuracy. However, the ability of the network to improve the accuracy of the results when a slightly modified version of the same input is presented is often overestimated. This overestimation is the result of the strong correlation between data samples when they are considered independently in the training phase. In this paper, we emphasize the importance of optimizing for accuracy as well as precision among multiple replicates of the same training data in the context of data augmentation. To this end, we propose a new approach that leverages the augmented data to help the network focus on the precision through a specifically-designed loss function, with the ultimate goal to improve both the overall performance and the network’s precision at the same time. We present two different applications of DL (regression and segmentation) to demonstrate the strength of the proposed strategy. We think that this work will pave the way to a explicit use of data augmentation within the loss function that helps the network to be invariant to small variations of the same input samples, a characteristic that is always required to every application in the medical imaging field.
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Patient Perceptions Regarding Reproductive Options

Background In vitro fertilization with preimplantation genetic testing is a growing reproductive option for people who want to avoid passing a single-gene condition on to their offspring. The spinocerebellar ataxias are a group of rare, autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorders which are strong candidates for the use of this technology. Objectives This study aimed to assess knowledge of genetic risk and perceptions of reproductive options in individuals with a diagnosis of spinocerebellar ataxia. Methods We administered an online survey to U.S. residents of reproductive age who have been clinically or genetically diagnosed with spinocerebellar ataxia. We assessed their understanding of inheritance and their reproductive opinions. Results Of 94 participants, 70.2% answered all four inheritance questions correctly. The majority felt they could describe each reproductive option except prenatal diagnosis. Individuals were most interested in in vitro fertilization with preimplantation genetic testing: 48.4% (45 of 93) said they would consider it. They were least interested in prenatal diagnosis and donated embryos or gametes. Having spinocerebellar ataxia with anticipation and choosing inheritance risk as an important factor were both significantly associated with interest in preimplantation genetic testing. Choosing religion/morality as an important factor was associated with less interest in preimplantation genetic testing and prenatal diagnosis. Conclusions Our population displayed basic knowledge of inheritance risk, and the majority wanted to avoid having affected children. Consistent with literature for other autosomal-dominant adult-onset conditions, individuals showed a preference for preimplantation genetic testing. Health care providers should continue to educate patients about reproductive options and their risks and limitations.
The Complementing and Agmon’s Conditions in Finite Elasticity, Three Dimensions

We consider the complementing condition and Agmon’s condition for linearized elasticity in three-dimensions. With an elasticity tensor $\mathsf{C}$ derived from a compressible, isotropic stored energy $W$ , linearized about a homogeneous deformation $\mathbf{f}_{0}$ , we apply the complementing and Agmon’s conditions to a traction portion of the surface of a body with unit normal $\mathbf{n}$ . We examine three problems including a general and a neo-Hookean $W$ .
Computational modelling of mesoscale dislocation patterning and plastic deformation of single crystals

We present a continuum dislocation dynamics model that predicts the formation of dislocation cell structure in single crystals at low strains. The model features a set of kinetic equations of the curl type that govern the space and time evolution of the dislocation density in the crystal. These kinetic equations are coupled to stress equilibrium and deformation kinematics using the eigenstrain approach. A custom finite element method has been developed to solve the coupled system of equations of dislocation kinetics and crystal mechanics. The results show that, in general, dislocations self-organize in patterns under their mutual interactions. However, the famous dislocation cell structure has been found to form only when cross slip is implemented in the model. Cross slip is also found to lower the yield point, increase the hardening rate, and sustain an increase in the dislocation density over the hardening regime. Analysis of the cell structure evolution reveals that the average cell size decreases with the applied stress, which is consistent with the similitude principle.
Virtual, mixed, and augmented reality: a systematic review for immersive systems research

Immersive systems can be used to capture new data, create new experiences, and provide new insights by generating virtual elements of physical and imagined worlds. Immersive systems are seeing increased application across a broad array of fields. However, in many situations it is unknown if an immersive application performs as well or better than the existing application in accomplishing a specific task. The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the literature that addresses the performance of immersive systems. This review assesses those applications where experiments, tests, or clinical trials have been performed to evaluate the proposed application. This research addresses a broad range of application areas and considers studies that compared one or more immersive systems with a control group or evaluated performance data for the immersive system pre- and post-test. The results identify those applications that have been successfully tested and also delineate areas of future research where more data may be needed to assess the effectiveness of proposed applications.
Developing Teaching Expertise Through Transnational Experience: Implications for TESOL Teacher Education

This study, responding to the increasing number of teachers traveling between EFL and ESL contexts in the global world, investigated one American teacher’s experiences in teaching Chinese learners of English across geographical contexts (China and the U.S.). Specifically, the teacher taught various EFL courses in Chinese universities and ESL composition classes to international Chinese students enrolled in the U.S. Drawing upon the concept of transnationalism and teaching expertise, this study explored the contextual factors influencing the teacher’s development of expertise in teaching and his responses to the contextual factors in his teaching practice. Implications for the design of TESOL teacher education are also provided.
Diaphragm hernia after debulking surgery in patients with ovarian cancer.

Abstract Over 80% of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer present with advanced disease, FIGO stage III or IV at the time of diagnosis. The majority require extensive upper abdominal surgery to obtain complete gross resection. This may include splenectomy, distal pancreatectomy, partial hepatectomy, cholecystectomy, and usually diaphragmatic peritonectomy or resection. Following surgery, diaphragmatic hernia—a very rare but serious complication—may occur. We describe four cases of left-sided diaphragmatic hernia resulting after debulking surgery, which included left diaphragm peritonectomy and splenectomy, in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. In association with the current shift towards more extensive debulking surgery for ovarian cancer, more patients may present with postoperative left-sided diaphragm hernia, making the prevention, diagnosis, and management of this complication important to practicing gynecologic oncologists. Intraoperatively the diaphragm should be checked thoroughly to rule out any defects, which should be closed. A diaphragmatic hernia may be easily misdiagnosed because the patient can present with various symptoms. While rare, these hernias require prompt identification, intervention and surgical correction to avoid serious complications.
When Does Pretraining Help? Assessing Self-Supervised Learning for Law and the CaseHOLD Dataset.

While self-supervised learning has made rapid advances in natural language processing, it remains unclear when researchers should engage in resource-intensive domain-specific pretraining (domain pretraining). The law, puzzlingly, has yielded few documented instances of substantial gains to domain pretraining in spite of the fact that legal language is widely seen to be unique. We hypothesize that these existing results stem from the fact that existing legal NLP tasks are too easy and fail to meet conditions for when domain pretraining can help. To address this, we first present CaseHOLD (Case Holdings On Legal Decisions), a new dataset comprised of over 53,000+ multiple choice questions to identify the relevant holding of a cited case. This dataset presents a fundamental task to lawyers and is both legally meaningful and difficult from an NLP perspective (F1 of 0.4 with a BiLSTM baseline). Second, we assess performance gains on CaseHOLD and existing legal NLP datasets. While a Transformer architecture (BERT) pretrained on a general corpus (Google Books and Wikipedia) improves performance, domain pretraining (using corpus of approximately 3.5M decisions across all courts in the U.S. that is larger than BERT's) with a custom legal vocabulary exhibits the most substantial performance gains with CaseHOLD (gain of 7.2% on F1, representing a 12% improvement on BERT) and consistent performance gains across two other legal tasks. Third, we show that domain pretraining may be warranted when the task exhibits sufficient similarity to the pretraining corpus: the level of performance increase in three legal tasks was directly tied to the domain specificity of the task. Our findings inform when researchers should engage resource-intensive pretraining and show that Transformer-based architectures, too, learn embeddings suggestive of distinct legal language.
Thirteen Synchronous Multifocal Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumors (CEOT): Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT, Pindborg tumor) is a rare, benign, locally aggressive neoplasm of the jaws that accounts for approximately 1% of all odontogenic tumors. It was first defined by Pindborg in 1955 and has been reported approximately 350 times in the literature; 7 reported multiple (up to 4) synchronous lesions. Materials and Methods We report an individual with the largest number of CEOTs reported to date and provide a literature review of multifocal CEOT cases. Results A 30-year-old male presented to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of the West Virginia University School of Dentistry (WVU SoD) to extract multiple impacted teeth previous to construction of a complete denture. A pantograph showed 15 impacted teeth, almost all associated with well-demarcated cyst-like radiolucencies, some with small, ill-defined radiopaque flecks. Microscopically, the lesions showed sheets and strands of polygonal epithelial cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm. Spread throughout the epithelium and connective tissue were small, spherical, amorphous, pale purplish calcifications. Each lesion was similar and consistent with a diagnosis of CEOT. Conclusion We report a patient with 13 independent CEOTs scattered throughout all quadrants. This case represents the largest number of Pindborg tumors or any other type of odontogenic tumor yet reported in a single individual.
TokenLearner: What Can 8 Learned Tokens Do for Images and Videos?

In this paper, we introduce a novel visual representation learning which relies on a handful of adaptively learned tokens, and which is applicable to both image and video understanding tasks. Instead of relying on hand-designed splitting strategies to obtain visual tokens and processing a large number of densely sampled patches for attention, our approach learns to mine important tokens in visual data. This results in efficiently and effectively finding a few important visual tokens and enables modeling of pairwise attention between such tokens, over a longer temporal horizon for videos, or the spatial content in images. Our experiments demonstrate strong performance on several challenging benchmarks for both image and video recognition tasks. Importantly, due to our tokens being adaptive, we accomplish competitive results at significantly reduced compute amount.
State regulation positively impacts opioid prescribing patterns in ankle fracture surgery: A national and state-level analysis.

Abstract BACKGROUND : The impact of time and state regulation on opioid prescribing in orthopaedic trauma is not well known. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of time and state-level opioid legislation on 90-day perioperative opioid prescribing in ankle fracture surgery from 2010 – 2019. METHODS : This is a retrospective, cohort study using a national insurance database including commercial insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, and cash pay patients to evaluate 30-day pre-operative to 90-day post-operative opioid prescription filling in 40,286 patients ages 18 and older undergoing Current Procedural Terminology codes 27766, 27769, 27792, 27814, 27822, and/or 27823 between 2010 and 2019 in all 50 United States. The primary study outcome was initial and cumulative perioperative opioid prescription filling and rates of filling and refills over the study timeframe. RESULTS : Mean first prescription volume has not changed dramatically from 2010 (37 oxycodone 5-mg pills) to 2019 (33.3 oxycodone 5-mg pills). However, cumulative prescriptions within the 30PRE-90POST timeframe have decreased considerably from 2010 (128.5 oxycodone 5-mg pills) to 2019 (70.4 oxycodone 5-mg pills), and cumulative prescription filling in years 2018 and 2019 was significantly less than in 2010. Legislation targeting duration or duration and volume had the largest impacts on initial and cumulative opioid prescribing. CONCLUSIONS : In ankle fracture surgery, states with opioid prescribing legislation had larger reductions in perioperative opioid prescribing compared to states without opioid legislation. Legislation targeting duration or duration and volume had the largest impacts on opioid prescribing.
Community gardens or vacant lots? Rethinking the attractiveness and seasonality of green land uses in distressed neighborhoods.

Abstract Legacy cities are increasingly including green land uses in their master plans. Therefore, it is important for city planners and policy makers to understand the factors that influence the attractiveness of green spaces. The purpose of this study was to empirically compare the perceived attractiveness of community gardens against that of vacant lots in each of four seasons, as well as to determine the features of community gardens that contribute to their attractiveness. The findings revealed that community gardens were perceived as more attractive than vacant lots and that the level of perceived attractiveness varied by season. More importantly, regardless of season or physical features, the level of maintenance of a green space was shown to have the largest influence on its attractiveness. The author concludes that, rather than create design guidelines for green land uses, city planners and policy makers may find it more effective to implement maintenance standards and proactive code enforcement.
Generation of synthetic aperture radar images using acousto- optics

The applicability of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging to many practical problems is severely limited by the excessive computational load associated with the technique. In this paper we describe a simple real-time, SAR processor which is implemented with acousto-optic and charge-coupled devices. This device will be useful in applications where real-time image formation is essential and in applications where present processors are not cost effective. It could also be used to preview large sets of imagery. The device is very compact and hence it has the potential to operate aboard the vehicle that collects the SAR data.
Stability robustness of adaptive systems requires only lower bounds on excitation

New results for basic algorithm robustness are given. Recent descriptions of a self-stabilization mechanism present in a posteriori adaptive algorithm indicate that parameter drift instability is necessary for bounded disturbances to lead to unbounded parameter and prediction errors. It is also known that some forms of persistent excitation conditions can prevent parameter drift. The author provides a proof that only lower bounds on persistent excitation are sufficient for bounded-disturbance bounded-error stability. This result significantly extends stability theory for adaptive systems, since it does not restrict disturbances to be small relative to the level of excitation, as in the standard perturbation-style analyses. >