cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trichosporon cutaneum Endocarditis: A Sequela of Intravenous Drug Abuse

A 42-year-old abuser of intravenous drugs developed fulminant aortic insufficiency necessitating a prosthetic valve replacement. Trichosporon cutaneum was isolated from the surgical specimen. The patient received a total of 3,195 g of amphotericin B, and 148 g of 5-fluorocytosine during his four-month hospitalization. He manifested no additional signs of persistent fungal infection, but died one year later from an intracerebral hemorrhage.
Applying Adult Ventilator-associated Pneumonia Bundle Evidence to the Ventilated Neonate.

Background:Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in neonates can be reduced by implementing preventive care practices. Implementation of a group, or bundle, of evidence-based practices that improve processes of care has been shown to be cost-effective and to have better outcomes than implementation
Transplantation: immunogenetic and clinical aspects--Part I.

The ultimate goal is not merely to find a better way of treating acute rejection; efforts are now concentrated on prophylactic immunosuppression with low-dose regimens of azathioprine and steroids. In the wings is cyclosporine, a fungal polypeptide that shows great promise in clinical trials. And on the horizon there is hope that monoclonal antibodies may hold the key to prevention.
Histologic, morphometric, and biochemical evolution of vein bypass grafts in a nonhuman primate model. I. Sequential changes within the first three months.

The objective of this study was to define the histologic and morphometric evolution that accompanies the increase in cholesterol content of vein bypass grafts in a nonhuman primate model. Cephalic vein grafts were interposed bilaterally in the femoral arteries of 15 stump-tailed macaque monkeys (Macaca arctoides), which were fed a diet that sustains plasma cholesterol levels of approximately 225 mg/dl. Graflts were excised from five animals for analysis on each of postoperative days 3, 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90. Cholesterol content increased from 69 ± 24 μg/100 mg (mean ± standard deviation) in ungrafted vein to 473 ± 122 μg/100 mg in grafts 90 days after implantation (p
Using a Systemwide Care Path to Enhance Compliance with Guidelines for Acute Myocardial Infarction

Article-at-a-Glance Background Several acute myocardial infarction (MI) guidelines and policy statements have been developed, but compliance rates are suboptimal. The cardiology section at Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center (La Crosse, Wisconsin) used a systemwide approach to enhance compliance with guidelines. Methods and results Data were collected prospectively for a 4-year period (May 15, 1995–May 15, 1999) for all patients presenting with acute MI. In 1995 a multidisciplinary team developed protocols for each phase of MI management and designed clinical care paths with built-in accountability. The initiative resulted in improvements in all phases of acute MI care and met the benchmark recommendations in mean time to electrocardiogram, thrombolytic therapy, and aspirin and beta-blocker administration. Rates of prescriptions for secondary prevention were 92% for aspirin and beta-blocker and 97% for smoking cessation education at 4years. Summary The care path for acute MI involved multiple disciplines and empowerment of nonspecialists and nonphysician practitioners during development and implementation, as well as continual education and retraining. The care path led to several improvements in performance scores. These findings indicate that the recommendations as set forth in the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for managing acute MI are realistic and achievable, and they do not require additional resources.
SU-F-T-252: An Investigation of Gamma Knife Frame Definition Error When Using a Pre-Planning Workflow

Purpose: To determine causal factors related to high frame definition error when treating GK patients using a pre-planning workflow. Methods: 160 cases were retrospectively reviewed. All patients received treatment using a pre-planning workflow whereby stereotactic coordinates are determined from a CT scan acquired after framing using a fiducial box. The planning software automatically detects the fiducials and compares their location to expected values based on the rigid design of the fiducial system. Any difference is reported as mean and maximum frame definition error. The manufacturer recommends these values be less than 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm. In this study, frame definition error was analyzed in comparison with a variety of factors including which neurosurgeon/oncologist/physicist was involved with the procedure, number of post used during framing (3 or 4), type of lesion, and which CT scanner was utilized for acquisition. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) approach was used to statistically evaluate the data and determine causal factors related to instances of high frame definition error. Results: Two factors were identified as significant: number of post (p=0.0003) and CT scanner (p=0.0001). Further analysis showed that one of the four scanners was significantly different than the others. This diagnostic scanner was identified as an older model with localization lasers not tightly calibrated. The average value for maximum frame definition error using this scanner was 1.48 mm (4 posts) and 1.75 mm (3 posts). For the other scanners this value was 1.13 mm (4 posts) and 1.40 mm (3 posts). Conclusion: In utilizing a pre-planning workflow the choice of CT scanner matters. Any scanner utilized for GK should undergo routine QA at a level appropriate for radiation oncology. In terms of 3 vs 4 post, it is hypothesized that three posts provide less stability during CT acquisition. This will be tested in future work.
Testing the pathogenicity and infectivity of entomopathogens to mammals

The purpose of this chapter is to provide a brief overview of mammalian safety testing, as well as short-term testing protocols that can help determine whether a candidate microbial pest control agent (MPCA) is suitable for more detailed study. Mammalian safety screens are a subset of a larger grouping of tests that assess the effects of an MPCA on nontarget organisms (NTO) which include plants, fish, beneficial arthropods, birds, and mammals. Ultimately, NTO testing can be viewed as attempts to manipulate a candidate organism into doing something it would not do in nature, either by providing access to hosts outside its natural range or by varying both the dose and route of exposure in order to produce infection and/or mortality. Tests are conducted with the expectation that the infectivity and the majority of the toxicity tests will be negative, because of the specificity of entomopathogens to arthropods. While it is always possible to kill an animal if the dose is high enough, through suffocation, embolism, or blockage of the gastrointestinal tract, these results have little relevance to the real world and the test results must be judged in the context of the experimental protocol. An adverse outcome in any one screen may not be grounds for automatic rejection but further tests will probably be conducted to quantify the effect. The tests outlined in this chapter for the assessment of oral, dermal, pulmonary and intra-peritoneal toxicity are based on the registration requirements of the United States Environmental Protection Agency and guidelines published by the World Health Organization. These screens may serve as a starting point for the registration of an entomopathogen or a point of comparison for an existing protocol.
Health, Education and China’s Demographic Transition Since 1950

China’s human capital — the health and education of the population — has played an important and under-appreciated role in China’s rapid economic development. Moreover, with the driving force of China’s economy transitioning toward human-capital-based endogenous growth in the 21st century, investments in human capital may be even more crucial for China’s future development. This paper focuses on China’s achievements in raising population health and education, and their interaction with demographic transition since the 1950s. The first section describes recent research on the determinants of China’s unprecedented increase in life expectancy in the Mao era, the foundation of China’s demographic, epidemiological and human capital transitions over the past half-century. The second section discusses human capital development during the reform era, including research on the returns to education in China, the educational gradient in health, and the social challenges presented by widening disparities in human capital.
Performance-Based Contingency Management in Cognitive Remediation Training: A Pilot Study.

Abstract Impairments in attention, working memory, and executive function are common among substance users and may adversely affect SUD treatment outcomes. The ability of cognitive remediation (CR) interventions to improve these deficits is hindered in part because levels of engagement in CR training may be inadequate to achieve benefit. This pilot study aimed to increase CR engagement and improve outcome by implementing contingency management (CM) procedures that reinforce performance improvements on CR tasks. Participants were forty individuals (50% male; 65% African American) in an outpatient substance use treatment facility with mild cognitive impairment who had ≥30-days of abstinence from alcohol and drugs. They were randomized to standard (CR-S; n=21) or CM-enhanced (CR-CM; n=19) cognitive remediation training. CR consisted of 1-hour sessions, three times per week for four weeks (12 sessions). A neuropsychological assessment battery was administered prior to and after the four-week intervention. Both groups had high rates of CR session attendance (mean CR-S=11.7, CR-CM=10.9 sessions). Performance on 8 of the 9 CR tasks significantly improved over time for both conditions, with the CR-CM condition demonstrating greater improvement on a CR Sequenced Recall task [F(1,37)=5.81, p p
Is It Time for Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Patients With Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Tsai et al make a strong case for total neoadjuvant therapy in the treatment of patients with clearly resectable cancer. They enumerate the advantages (guaranteed treatment of micrometastatic disease and early discovery of resection-obviating chemoresistant disease) and mention most of the disadvantages (rare local tumor progression, biliary stent, and difficulties with travel to a tertiary center) of this sequencing approach. Besides treating micrometastatic disease, it also allows the physician to select out from surgery those patients who have metastatic disease unresponsive to chemotherapy.
The Role of Web Site Characteristics in Initial Trust Formation

Within the context of the initial Trust Building Model (TBM) of McKnight et al. (39), we examine specific factors related to Web site quality and structural assurance. Our model is tested using an actual Web site and consumers experienced in e-commerce. Findings show that consumer perceptions of certain cognitive cues (i.e., communication, opportunism, product brand equity, Web site attractiveness) are important predictors of initial trust in an e-retailer. However, Web assurance structures are less important in the formation of initial trust and purchase intentions. It is important in the development of Web assurance and consultative services to address pertinent trust issues by offering specific Web site solutions.
Do Conditional Cash Transfers Lead to Better Secondary Schools?: Evidence from Jamaica's PATH

Summary Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs have become the main anti-poverty program in many Latin American and Caribbean countries. While numerous rigorous impact evaluations have shown that they have been successful in increasing school enrollment and attendance, the evidence on learning achievement is still mixed, and there are no studies that analyze the effect on school placement. In this paper, we explore the hypothesis that the Programme of Advancement through Health and Education (PATH), Jamaica’s CCT program, contributes to breaking the intergenerational poverty cycle by placing its urban beneficiaries on a higher educational trajectory. Using a regression discontinuity design, we find that PATH urban male beneficiaries who sat the Grade Six Achievement Test (GSAT) over the period 2010–14 performed better on the test (scoring 22.48 points, or 5.1%, higher than non-beneficiaries); consequently, they were placed in better secondary schools (7.2 percentiles higher in a national school ranking based on preprogram GSAT scores). In contrast, we find no significant impact on aspirations or on any outcome indicators for urban girls. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first in the literature to take a comprehensive look at the impacts of a CCT program on educational aspirations, school performance, and placement.
Concepts of Disease and Sexuality

One can’t help noticing how much the power of Socrates’ discussion of virtue in the state and the human soul depends on confusing — perhaps ironically — the tautologically assigned functions of various social professions and roles and the seemingly equally easy identification of the natural function of human beings. In the Republic, for instance, quite slyly, Socrates asks Thrasymachos: “Do you think there is a virtue in each thing which has a work appointed to it?” He then mentions the eyes and the ears and somehow springs at once to the work of the soul — “to care, to rule, to plan, and all things like that”; in fact, the virtue of the soul is announced as ‘justice’, though in closing this first portion of the dialogue Socrates confesses to not even knowing what justice is (Republic, Bk. 1).
Assessment and Resuscitation in Trauma Management

The golden hour of trauma represents a crucial period in the management of acute injury. In an efficient trauma resuscitation, the primary survey is viewed as more than simple ABCs with multiple processes running in parallel. Resuscitation efforts should be goal oriented with defined endpoints for airway management, access, and hemodynamic parameters. In tandem with resuscitation, early identification of life-threatening injuries is critical for determining the disposition of patients when they leave the trauma bay. Salvage strategies for profoundly hypotensive or pulseless patients include retrograde balloon occlusion of the aorta and resuscitative thoracotomy, with differing populations benefiting from each.
Fine Structure of Early Tay-Sachs Disease

Tay-Sachs disease is an inborn error of glycolipid. It is characterized by massive accumulation of GM2-ganglioside (4), mainly in the brain and by the absence of the enzyme hexosaminidase A (5). Despite the significant increase of our knowledge of the biochemical aspects of this disorder during the past few years, the ultrastructural alterations of the neuronal organelles related to the accumulation and the evolution of the intracytoplasmic deposited lipid material at the early stage of Tay-Sachs disease are unknown.
Transverse Advancement Ureteral Reimplantation: Pull-Through Alternative in Megaloureter

AbstractA modification of the transverse advancement ureteral reimplantation technique suitable for megaloureter operation is described. After dividing the ureter extravesically at or near the ureteral hiatus and after adequate mobilization or manipulation (tailoring), the ureter is pulled through into the bladder. A limited mucosal incision is then made and a routine transverse advancement reimplantation is done. The technique is suitable for cases when extravesical exposure of the ureter is considered necessary and obviates the need for intravesical ureteral mobilization.
Synthetic studies toward longeracemine: The intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition of 3H-pyrroles

Abstract Model studies to develop a tetracyclization approach mimicking the proposed biosynthesis of the secodaphnane-type alkaloid longeracemine are described. These studies have culminated in the successful implementation of a 3H-pyrrole [4+2] cycloaddition that delivers a longeracemine-like azabicycle containing three contiguous quaternary stereocenters.
A Case of Severe Anti-N-Methyl D-Aspartate (Anti-NMDA) Receptor Encephalitis with Refractory Autonomic Instability and Elevated Intracranial Pressure

BACKGROUND Anti-N-methyl D-Aspartate (anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis is a rare autoimmune panencephalitis that typically presents with acute psychiatric disturbances and neurological deficits. Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is associated with certain tumors, most commonly ovarian teratomas. First-line therapy typically involves immunotherapy and tumor resection, if present, with up to 53% of patients experiencing improvement within 4 weeks. Cardiac arrhythmias and increased intracranial pressure have been reported in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, but these complications have usually been self-limited. CASE REPORT We report the case of a previously healthy, obese 21-year-old female who presented with acute encephalopathy. Her psychiatric and neurological function rapidly deteriorated, warranting intubation and mechanical ventilation. Lumbar puncture was performed. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure was elevated and a lumbar drain was placed. Infectious disease work-up was negative and anti-NMDA receptor antibodies were present in the CSF and serum. Initial treatment included intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy, plasmapheresis, methylprednisolone, and bilateral salpingoophorectomy, without clinical improvement. Second-line immunotherapy with cyclophosphamide and rituximab was then administered. The patient also developed intermittent episodes of severe bradycardia and asystole that remained refractory to treatment and required placement of a permanent cardiac pacemaker. CONCLUSIONS Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis presents with rapidly progressive psychiatric and neurologic dysfunction and can develop a severe and prolonged course with limited response to treatment. Patients can develop severe autonomic dysfunction with bradycardia and asystole that may require placement of permanent cardiac pacemakers. Elevated intracranial pressure may also be associated with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, and might contribute to the autonomic instability.
Enhancement of Coal Ash Compressibility Parameters Using Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation

AbstractMicrobial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) was experimentally implemented on two coal ash materials (i.e., CA1 and CA3) to investigate the efficacy of the treatment on the hyd...
Smart University: Software/Hardware Systems for College Students with Severe Motion/Mobility Issues

The concept of a smart university requires universities to equip students with suitable software/hardware systems and assistive technologies that will help them to succeed in technological learning environments such as smart classrooms and labs, smart libraries, and smart campuses. Motion recognition systems have a potential to enable students with severe motion/mobility issues to interact more easily with computers, and, thus, promote activities that develop/improve student analytical, technical and communication skills, team working, problem solving through collaboration and social activities. This paper presents the up-to-date outcomes of a research project at the InterLabs Research Institute, Bradley University (Peoria, IL, U.S.A.) aimed at systematic research and analysis of main features of motion recognition systems and their applications in college/university educational settings. We identified universities that provide students with disabilities with motion recognition systems, analyzed main features of various open-source and commercial motion recognition systems. Based on the obtained outcomes of pilot testing of selected systems, we identified and recommended top open-source and commercial motion recognition systems for students with disabilities at smart universities.
Historical Perspective on Doing Business in Chile and Peru

Both Chile and Peru have interesting and similar and controversial histories. The commonness relates to much of their culture, their heritage as descendants of Spain and their language. Since Chile and Peru are geographically close they share the Pacific Ocean, their Northern and Southern border, respectively. Peru’s history is dominated by the Inca Empire with its elegance, geographic expansiveness, and its great contribution to the historical archives of Latin America.
Music Student Teachers’ Perceptions of Their Seminar Experience: An Exploratory Study:

The purpose of this study was to examine music student teachers’ (MST) perceptions of their student teaching seminar. MSTs immersed in their P -12 placements and the accompanying seminar at three s...
Identifying Significant Personal and Program Factors that Predict Online EdD Students’ Program Integration

Based on a synthesis of persistence theory and the empirical literature, an online doctoral program integration model was developed using data from 232 online EdD students. A predictive, correlation design and regression analysis were used to examine if personal factors (sex, race, age, marital status, and presence of children in the home) and program factors (stage in doctoral journey, synchronous interactions, cohorts, and orientations) could predict program integration . The entire model was significant. The variables of sex, race, participation in a cohort, and engagement in synchronous communication individually contributed to the variance in program integration.
Small-Donor Based Campaign-Finance Reform and Political Polarization

In just the last few years, the communications revolution has led to a dramatic explosion in small-donor contributions to national election campaigns. Many campaign finance reformers and scholars celebrate this development in glowing terms: small donations will "reclaim our republic", will "restore citizens to their rightful pre-eminent place in our democracy," and will "significantly enhance the quality of democracy in the United States." Thus, the Democratic Party vision of campaign-finance reform has moved away from traditional public financing to small-donor based matching programs. The comprehensive, first bill the Democratic House passed would transform national elections by providing $6 in public funds for every dollar a candidate raises from small donors (defined as those who contribute less than $200 to that candidate). Similarly, one of only two criteria the Democratic Party now uses to determine which presidential candidates will be on the debate stage is the number of unique small donors that have contributed to a candidate. But the role of the internet in enabling this explosion of small-donor contributions is subject to many of the same dynamics we have come to associate with the effects of the internet on democracy more generally. After initial enthusiasm that viewed the internet as heralding the rise of a more participatory, unmediated, and egalitarian democracy we have moved to dystopian anxiety about social media's tendencies to fuel political polarization, reward extremism, encourage a culture of outrage, and generally contribute to the degradation of civil political discourse. And the facilitation of small-donor contributions through the internet is subject to these same dynamics. This essay, the first to question the reform enthusiasm for small-donor campaign finance reform, explores the evidence that small donors tend to fuel ideologically more extreme, rather than more moderate, candidates. This evidence includes a unique assessment of the candidates who benefited most from small donations in the 2018 midterms. After describing the ways in which the communications revolution is reshaping campaign finance, the essay identifies particular features of the bill the House passed that would enhance the tendency of small donations to foster more ideological extreme candidates. Advocates of small-donor based campaign-finance reform emphasize the benefits it offers in diluting the power of large donors, encouraging broader political participation, and making election finance more egalitarian. But these benefits might have be weighed against the tendency of such reform to contribute further to the polarization of American democracy. Traditional public financing is not subject to these same tradeoffs because it does not disproportionately benefit candidates from the ideological wings of the parties. This essay presses for a fuller discussion of whether small-donor campaign finance reform will further hollow out the center in American politics.
Outcome of Revision Surgery for the Idiopathic Stiff Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Idiopathic stiff total knee arthroplasty (TKA) represents one of the most challenging subsets of the stiff TKA, as the etiology is unknown and there is no consensus on the most appropriate surgical treatment modality. Therefore, the aim of this study is to report on postoperative outcomes of revision surgery for idiopathic stiff TKA. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 189 consecutive patients (202 knees) who underwent revision TKA for stiffness: (1) 101 knees in the idiopathic stiffness cohort and (2) 88 in the non-idiopathic stiffness cohort. In the idiopathic stiffness cohort, 42 knees underwent isolated tibial insert exchange and 59 knees underwent component revision. Perioperative knee range of movement and complications were analyzed. Results The overall revision surgery outcomes of the idiopathic stiffness cohort were worse than those of the non-idiopathic stiffness cohort with regard to maximum flexion (91.7° vs 100.1°, P = .02) and flexion range of motion (ROM) (87.6° vs 97.1°, P = .01). In the idiopathic stiffness cohort, isolated tibial insert exchange demonstrated greater maximum flexion (96.8° vs 88.4°, P = .06) and flexion ROM (93.2° vs 83.9°, P = .07). In terms of re-revision rates, the isolated tibial insert exchange idiopathic stiffness cohort demonstrated lower re-revision rates compared to the component revision idiopathic stiffness cohort (16.7% vs 31.0%, P = .01). Conclusion This study demonstrates that the overall revision surgery outcome of idiopathic stiff TKA is worse than non-idiopathic TKA stiffness. In idiopathic stiffness cohorts, isolated tibial insert exchange was associated with lower re-revision rates than component revision, with similar efficacy in improving ROM, suggesting that isolated tibial insert exchange may be a preferred surgical treatment option in TKA patients with idiopathic stiffness.
Precarity at the Nexus of Governmentality and Sovereignty: Entangled Fields of Power and Political Subjectivities

This chapter directs attention to precarity in the microspaces of everyday life. Departing from approaches that conceptualize precarity as an objectified condition, the chapter casts precarity in terms of processes entangled in continual slippage between fields of power that are diffuse and indirect on the one hand, and direct and coercive on the other. Recognizing multiple subjectivities associated with any one actor, the chapter also departs from aligning a particular objectified condition with a particular subjectivity to explain how and why individuals may experience the same objectified condition differently, and to give voice to those who refuse interpellated subjectivities.
Celebrating the healthy skepticism that moves the field forward

I am delighted to introduce the outstanding set of seven empirical investigations on important issues. These studies are from Asia, Europe, and U.S., and examine the educational and developmental i...
Abstract 14287: Iron Deficiency is Associated With More Severe Pulmonary Vascular Disease in Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Chronic Lung Disease

Background: Iron deficiency promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling in pre-clinical models, and is associated with worse outcomes in pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, the consequences of iro...
Back Pain Associated with Discitis in a 5-Year-Old Boy

Disk space infection (discitis) is an uncommon source of back pain in children. It occurs most frequently in children 1–5 years of age. Signs and symptoms may include back pain, abdominal pain, lethargy, and gait alterations. The non-specific nature of these findings may result in delayed presentation to a medical professional and subsequent diagnosis. Management predominantly includes antibiotic therapy, although short-term immobilization may be recommended in some cases. Biopsy or other surgical interventions are rarely indicated. Long-term sequelae, beyond radiographic changes, especially loss of disc space, are infrequent.
An Unobstructive Sensing Method for Indoor Air Quality Optimization and Metabolic Assessment within Vehicles.

This work investigates the use of an intelligent and unobstructive sensing technique for maintaining vehicle cabin’s indoor air quality while simultaneously assessing the driver metabolic rate. CO2 accumulation patterns are of great interest because CO2 can have negative cognitive effects at higher concentrations and also since CO2 accumulation rate can potentially be used to determine a person’s metabolic rate. The management of the vehicle’s ventilation system was controlled by periodically alternating the air recirculation mode within the cabin, which was actuated based on the CO2 levels inside the vehicle’s cabin. The CO2 accumulation periods were used to assess the driver’s metabolic rate, using a model that considered the vehicle’s air exchange rate. In the process of the method optimization, it was found that the vehicle’s air exchange rate (λ [h−1]) depends on the vehicle speeds, following the relationship: λ = 0.060 × (speed) − 0.88 when driving faster than 17 MPH. An accuracy level of 95% was found between the new method to assess the driver’s metabolic rate (1620 ± 140 kcal/day) and the reference method of indirect calorimetry (1550 ± 150 kcal/day) for a total of N = 16 metabolic assessments at various vehicle speeds. The new sensing method represents a novel approach for unobstructive assessment of driver metabolic rate while maintaining indoor air quality within the vehicle cabin.
Biomedical Informatics for Cancer Research

view, showing that multiple molecular pathways must be affected for cancer to develop, but with different specific proteins in each pathway mutated or differentially expressed in a given tumor (The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network 2008; Parsons et al. 2008). Different studies demonstrated that while widespread mutations exist in cancer, not all mutations drive cancer development (Lin et al. 2007). This suggests a need to target only a deleterious subset of aberrant proteins, since any tre- ment must aim to improve health to justify its potential side effects. Treatment for cancer must become highly individualized, focusing on the specific aberrant driver proteins in an individual. This drives a need for informatics in cancer far beyond the need in other diseases. For instance, routine treatment with statins has become widespread for minimizing heart disease, with most patients responding to standard doses (Wilt et al. 2004). In contrast, standard treatment for cancer must become tailored to the molecular phenotype of an individual tumor, with each patient receiving a different combination of therapeutics aimed at the specific aberrant proteins driving the cancer. Tracking the aberrations that drive cancers, identifying biomarkers unique to each individual for molecular-level di- nosis and treatment response, monitoring adverse events and complex dosing schedules, and providing annotated molecular data for ongoing research to improve treatments comprise a major biomedical informatics need.
Zeros of the Grand Partition Function of the Potts Model in a Magnetic Field

The microcanonical transfer matrix is used to study the distribution of Yang-Lee zeros of the q-state Potts model in the complex magnetic-field plane. Finite size scaling suggests that at the critical temperature the zeros he close to, but not on, the unit circle with the exception of the critical point, x = 1, itself.
Ethnoracial comparisons of intraclass correlations and mean gestation times in spontaneous abortion and perinatal death. A report of the Collaborative Study of Cerebral Palsy.

Abstract Data from the Collaborative Study indicate a statistical tendency for gestation times to be correlated from woman to woman among repeaters for spontaneous abortion and perinatal death. Correlations on the order of 0.3, which are similar for whites, Negroes, and Puerto Ricans, limit the hope that gestation time to fetal death will be of great diagnostic value. Negro women report a mean gestation time of one week longer than white women when fetal death occurs.
Kinetics of the Tryptic Hydrolysis of Zinc-free Bovine Insulin

The kinetics of tryptic hydrolysis of the arginyl and lysyl bonds at positions B-22 and B-29 on zinc-free bovine insulin, studied as a function of insulin concentration and pH, was compared with the results of previous studies on the oxidized B chain of insulin. When the insulin concentration was low (0.1 mg per ml or less) at pH 9.0 and 30°, the time course of the reaction was found to be satisfactorily described by first order kinetics. Under these conditions the rate constants for the hydrolysis of the arginyl and lysyl bonds of insulin were 1/45 and 1/9, respectively, of those for the hydrolysis of the corresponding bonds in the oxidized B chain of insulin. These results indicate that when the B chain is folded into the secondary and tertiary structure characteristic of the insulin molecule, both of the basic residues become more inaccessible to the enzyme than the corresponding residues in the oxidized B chain, but the effect is much greater for the arginine than for the lysine residue. The initial velocity for the hydrolysis of these two bonds was measured as a function of insulin concentration at pH 9.0 and 10.5 over the substrate concentration range of 0.01 to 10.0 mg per ml. At pH 9.0 and substrate concentrations below 0.1 mg per ml, the initial velocity was directly proportional to the substrate concentration, indicating first order kinetics. Above this concentration of insulin, the increment in the initial velocity decreased with increasing substrate concentration up to a concentration of 2 mg per ml in a fashion similar to but not adequately described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics. At concentrations above 2 mg per ml, the initial velocity again became directly proportional to the substrate concentration, which was indicative of a second region of first order kinetics. Similar results were obtained at pH 10.5, with the exception that the two ranges of first order behavior were shifted to slightly higher substrate concentrations. It is proposed that the effects of increasing substrate concentration on the initial velocity of the reaction may be attributed to aggregation of insulin molecules. At an insulin concentration of 1 mg per ml, the optimum pH for the hydrolysis of insulin occurred at pH 8.5, a value somewhat higher than that (pH 7.8) observed for model peptides. A comparison of the relative rate of hydrolysis of the arginyl to lysyl bond as a function of pH showed this ratio to change from 3.5:1 at pH 8.0 to a value of 9:1 at pH 10.5. This change in the relative rates with pH is ascribed to partial deprotonation of the e-amino group of the lysine residue at high pH.
Effect of suspended bottom material on growth and energetics in Mytilus edulis

The influence of suspended, natural silt (0 to 20 mg l-1) in addition to unicellular algal cells (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) (o to 20.000 cells ml-1) on clearance, growth and energetics in Mytilus edulis has been studied. Clearance increased by 32 to 43% by the addition of 5 mg silt l-1 as compared to clearance in a pure algal suspension. Ingestion and growth rate increased with algal concentration, and growth rate was further increased by 30 to 70% by the addition of 5 mg silt l-1. A growth rate comparable to maximum natural growth rates was reached only at the highest algal concentration in the presence of 5 mg siltl-1. Assimilation efficiency of P. tricornutum decreased from 77% at 5,000 cells ml-1 to 52% at 20,000 cells ml-1. In the experiments with silt added, some 20 to 30% of the assimilated organic matter originated from the suspended bottom material. Net growth efficiency increased with growth rate at a decelerating rate, approaching a maximum of about 70%. It is concluded that suspended bottom material, which is always present in M. edulis' natural habitats, serves as an additional food source, and that M. edulis depends on suspended bottom material to exploit fully its clearance potential, and to reach the maximum growth rates observed in nature.
Attention Allocation and Managerial Decision Making

One of the major problems of managerial behavior is the setting of priorities.Time is a scarce resource and managers have to find ways to deal with the multiple tasksthat face them. This paper addresses the issue of priority-setting among tasks bymanagers by proposing analogies from job-shop scheduling theory. We develop a modelthat views managers employing a combination of rationality and affective judgments with alimited processing capacity.
Future challenges and opportunities in the control of neural dynamics

The participants of the tutorial session ‘Neuro-control: Methods, Models and Technologies for Manipulating Dynamics in the Brain’ will conclude the session by engaging in a panel discussion. In this discussion, members of the audience can engage the speakers on future challenges and opportunities in the control of neural dynamics for both clinical and basic scientific applications. This panel discussion constitutes a presentation only, and no accompanying paper is included.
A scalable asynchronous replication-based strategy for fault tolerant MPI applications

As computational clusters increase in size, their mean-time-to-failure reduces. Typically checkpointing is used to minimize the loss of computation. Most checkpointing techniques, however, require a central storage for storing checkpoints. This severely limits the scalability of checkpointing. We propose a scalable replication-based MPI checkpointing facility that is based on LAM/MPI. We extend the existing state of fault-tolerant MPI with asynchronous replication, eliminating the need for central or network storage. We evaluate centralized storage, SAN-based solutions, and a commercial parallel file system, and show that they are not scalable, particularly beyond 64 CPUs.We demonstrate the low overhead of our replication scheme with the NAS Parallel Benchmarks and the High Performance LINPACK benchmark with tests up to 256 nodes while demonstrating that checkpointing and replication can be achieved with much lower overhead than that provided by current techniques.
China, Cambodia, and the five principles of peaceful coexistence

Sophie Richardson, New York, Columbia University Press, 2010, x+332 pp. Sophie Richardson's book provides a close look at China's relations with Cambodia from the 1954 Geneva Conference to 2002. Sh...
Effect of altitude on personal respirable dust sampler calibration.

Air sampling instruments often are used at altitudes other than the attitude at which they were calibrated. This investigation quantitates the effect of personal samplers and provides empirical relationships for adjusting the calibration mark for use at any altitude.
Measuring Chronic Rhinosinusitis

The diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis requires a combination of subjective patient symptoms and corroborative objective evidence of disease on sinonasal endoscopy or CT imaging. An attempt to measure disease severity quantifies both subjective and objective disease criteria. Subjective symptoms are documented using patient-reported outcome measures in the form of generic quality of life assessments and disease-specific symptom questionnaires. Evaluations of sinonasal endoscopy and CT imaging require scoring systems to reliably document objective disease severity. Ultimately, instruments that accurately estimate subjective and objective disease severity are essential in order to longitudinally evaluate outcomes after rhinologic treatment.
Multi-Year Forecasting and Municipal Budgeting

The “black hole” of budget theory still is, after 50 years, budget preparation—much effort goes in but little seems to come out. This article examines municipal forecasting as a means of reforming this first stage of the budgetary process. Drawing on evidence from a cross-sectional study, we find that forecasting is likely to be within the cognitive limits of most municipal budget directors Moreover, budgetary forecasting can be structured to reflect previous and current political concerns.
Soames on Russell’s logic: a reply

In “What is History For?,” Scott Soames responds to criticisms of his treatment of Russell’s logic in volume 1 of his Philosophical Analysis in the Twentieth Century. This note rebuts two of Soames’s replies, showing that a first-order presentation of Russell’s logic does not fit the argument of the Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy, and that Soames’s contextual definition of classes does not match Russell’s contextual definition of classes. In consequence, Soames’s presentation of Russell’s logic misrepresents what Russell took to be its technical achievement and its philosophical significance.
A Multi-class Probabilistic Neural Network for Pathogen Classification☆

Recent outbreaks of listeria, salmonella, and other pathogens have reinforced the need for more rigorous testing of food products. Millions are spent each year testing food. Certifying the safety of the food is a challenging task using traditional testing methods. Current methods require long incubation times before the first results are observed and still only represent a small fraction of the food that is sold. Long analysis methods also lead to loss of consumables. 18.9 billion pounds of produce are lost a year to spoilage. A fast and effective method is needed to decrease the amount of time necessary to test the safety of food. The goal is to provide accurate sample classification as quickly as possible, thus allowing pathogen-free product to be shipped to market with the shortest delay possible. An autonomous electrochemical sensor was combined with a powerful multi-class Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) system to classify four species of organisms (E. Coli #25922, E. Coli # 11775, S. Epidermis #12228, or C. Albicans #10231). We used an evolutionary based kernel optimization algorithm to optimize the kernel parameters, and trained the system on data sampled from four different organisms. The trained and optimized model was validated on a set containing several samples that were not used to train the network. We showed that the network was able to correctly classify unknown samples in a shorter period than the industry standard of 24 hours, thus providing a potential benefit to the agriculture industry.
On the wavelet based differentiation matrix

The Daubechies wavelet based differentiation matrix will be constructed for periodic boundary conditions. It will be proved that this matrix displays the very important property of superconvergence. The relationship between Daubechies-based numerical methods and finite difference methods will be seen.
Evaluating partial tree-pattern queries on XML streams

The streaming evaluation is a popular way of evaluating queries on XML documents. Besides its many advantages, it is also the only option for a number of important XML applications. Unfortunately, existing algorithms focus almost exclusively on tree-pattern queries (TPQs). Requirements for flexible querying of XML data have motivated recently the introduction of query languages that are more general and flexible than TPQs.We consider a partial tree-pattern query (PTPQ) language which generalizes and strictly contains TPQs. PTPQs can express a fragment of XPath which comprises reverse axes and the node identity equality ($is$) operator, in addition to forward axes, wildcards and predicates. We outline an original streaming algorithm for PTPQs. Our algorithm is the first one to support the streaming evaluation of such a broad fragment of XPath.
Evidence for the role of glycosylation in accessibility of the extracellular domains of human MRP1 (ABCC1)

To enable cell surface localization of the human multidrug resistance protein (MRP1, ABCC1) and to assess the role of the extracellular domains of this transporter, the FLAG epitope tag was introduced into different extracellular loops of the three membrane-spanning domains (MSDs) of the transporter. We constructed and expressed various partially and fully glycosylation-deficient, FLAG-tagged MRP1 proteins in a Vaccinia virus-based transient expression system, and the cell surface expression level of MRP1 on intact cells was followed by flow cytometry, using the FLAG tag specific monoclonal antibody M2. We also expressed the wild-type MRP1 protein and some of the FLAG-tagged mutants in stably transfected HEK293 cells, and followed the cell surface expression and the transport function of MRP1 both by monitoring the efflux of fluorescent substrate and by their ability to confer resistance to HEK293 transfectants to anticancer agents such as daunorubicin and etoposide. When we inserted the FLAG epitope in e...
A filtration assay specific for the determination of small quantities of L-glutamine.

The l-glutamine-binding protein released from Escherichia coli by osmotic shock was used to determine the acid-extractable glutamine content of biological samples. With saturating concentrations of l[14C]glutamine, nonradioactive glutamine from samples competes with l[14C]glutamine in the formation of binding protein-ligand complex to give diminution of the protein-bound radioactivity which is collected on nitrocellulose membranes. The extent of the diminution of bound radioactivity by isotope dilution permits calculation of glutamine content of the sample. With total assay volumes as small as 50 μl, as little as 20 pmol can be measured with an error of <15% among triplicate samples. Of the naturally occurring amino acids only l-glutamine is measured. The assay is optimal over a pH range of 6.5–7.5 in 0.1 m potassium phosphate buffer and is unaffected by salt concentrations of 1 m.
Tardive Dyskinesia: A Review and Current Treatment Options

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a source of great concern in psychiatric practice because of the iatrogenic nature of the disorder. It is a serious adverse reaction associated with neuroleptic drug therapy and is characterized by abnormal, involuntary, irregular, repetitive movements of the face and limbs that are purposeless in nature. It develops during exposure to or withdrawal from neuroleptics in patients with a history of neuroleptic use for at least 3 months, or 1 month in patients 60 years or older. To date, the structural or chemical pathology, etiology, and pathophysiology are not well understood, and no consistently effective pharmacological treatment is available. Numerous agents have been used in the management of TD; however, at the present time there are no safe and effective treatments for TD. A review of various agents used in managing TD is presented. Improvements in research design and methodology have been applied to clinical trials, and as a result, the stage has been set for advancement in this area of clinical psychiatry.