cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What Makes Them Dubliners? James Joyce’s “An Encounter” and the Foundations of Masculinist Nationalism in Ireland:

This article performs a close reading of James Joyce’s “An Encounter,” the second story in Dubliners, in an effort to examine a key aspect of the story that has been heretofore overlooked: Joyce’s ...
Bad girls, tough guys, and the changing of the guard

Olga Nethersole, Sapho , and the Moral Reform movement By the 1900s, the evolving American culture began to clash with the fixed certitudes preached by establishment politicians and moralists. At the eye of the storm was the “New Woman.” These women, mainly white and middle class, graduated from high school and attended colleges and professional schools in record numbers. Many entered new fields such as anthropology and sociology, and were among the first to propose that gender distinctions were socially constructed. They demanded the right to vote, birth-control information, and abortion services. Social conditions in large cities also induced significant concern. Single men and women, who had flooded into metropolitan areas for jobs, began to dominate the social landscape. After work and on weekends they crowded into the scores of dance halls and amusement parks that had sprung up across the nation. They flocked to vaudeville theatres and to the newly operational movie houses that provided cheap entertainment. Here, they engaged in improvised courtship rituals without the supervision of parents, teachers, and ministers. At the same time, the commercial sex industry flourished as the glut of male workers and immigrants created a fertile market for brothel owners and independent female entrepreneurs. Middle-class moralists interpreted these cultural shifts as an attack on society's ethical armature and mounted a series of counteroffensives aimed at keeping Victorian morality firmly in place. They targeted gambling, alcohol, prostitution, immigration, and homosexuality and enlisted the aid of willing public officials who attempted to suppress transgressive behavior.
Seamless migration of VMs from nova-net to neutron

OpenStack is one of the most widely used open source Cloud Management Software. It is essentially a set of services working in unison to operate a cloud network infrastructure. Nova is the primary computing engine which manages and deploys/destroys virtual machines and other instances. Neutron provides the networking capability for OpenStack. Since Neutron had inherent stability issues in the initial releases, in order to cope up with the lacking functionality, OpenStack deployments were configured to use Nova-net. Nova-net (a part of the compute service) offers basic networking capability for the VMs using Linux Bridge. Recently, however, Neutron has been stabilized and the latest OpenStack distribution places Neutron as the primary networking API. In this paper, we present a novel migration tool that exposes the python APIs of the two mentioned services and intelligently recreates the topologies in Nova-net using Neutron API. It is a convenient tool that offers a one-click solution to all existing vendors stuck on Nova-net and desirous of moving to Neutron.
Motor conditioning of the albino rabbit: apparatus and procedures for acquisition of the CR.

Apparatus and procedures for shock-avoidance conditioning of the albino rabbit in the rotator are described. Differences in speed of conditioning, in number of CR’s, and in the form of the acquisition curve are examined for data obtained in a study of two groups of 100 rabbits each, which were given different numbers of conditioning trials in the daily test-periods. Training proceeded to the same criterion of conditioning. Although there were no significant differences in the mean numbers of trials needed to attain the criterion, there were significant differences in the variances of the two distributions and both the numbers of CR’s and the forms of the acquisition curves were significantly different for the two groups.
Quantitative Assessment of Breast Cosmetic Outcome After Whole-Breast Irradiation.

Purpose To measure, by quantitative analysis of digital photographs, breast cosmetic outcome within the setting of a randomized trial of conventionally fractionated (CF) and hypofractionated (HF) whole-breast irradiation (WBI), to identify how quantitative cosmesis metrics were associated with patient- and physician-reported cosmesis and whether they differed by treatment arm. Methods and Materials From 2011 to 2014, 287 women aged ≥40 with ductal carcinoma in situ or early invasive breast cancer were randomized to HF-WBI (42.56 Gy/16 fractions [fx] + 10-12.5 Gy/4-5 fx boost) or CF-WBI (50 Gy/25 fx + 10-14 Gy/5-7 fx). At 1 year after treatment we collected digital photographs, patient-reported cosmesis using the Breast Cancer Treatment and Outcomes Scale, and physician-reported cosmesis using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group scale. Six quantitative measures of breast symmetry, labeled M1-M6, were calculated from anteroposterior digital photographs. For each measure, values closer to 1 imply greater symmetry, and values closer to 0 imply greater asymmetry. Associations between M1-M6 and patient- and physician-reported cosmesis and treatment arm were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results Among 245 evaluable patients, patient-reported cosmesis was strongly associated with M1 (vertical symmetry measure) ( P P P =.01) and M4 (horizontal symmetry, P =.03). At 1 year after treatment, HF-WBI resulted in better values of M2 ( P =.02) and M3 ( P P ≥.12). Conclusions Quantitative assessment of breast photographs reveals similar to improved cosmetic outcome with HF-WBI compared with CF-WBI 1 year after treatment. Assessing cosmetic outcome using these measures could be useful for future comparative effectiveness studies and outcome reporting.
Biomaterials as Stem Cell Niche: Cardiovascular Stem Cells

A tissue-specific stem cell niche functions to direct either self-renewal or differentiation. The niche comprises all local cues that can be sensed by the cell including soluble and insoluble signals, physical forces and cell–cell contacts. Approximating the stem cell niche through the utilization of biomaterials may give rise to a greater understanding of the biology of the stem cell niche as well as potential in vitro culture systems and translatable avenues for stem cell therapy, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Stem cell niches within the cardiovascular system have been described within the heart, the bone marrow compartment and in vascular beds within various tissues. Progenitor cell populations have been characterized which can give rise to all the major cells of the cardiovascular system including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, mural cells and fibroblasts. The extent to which these progenitor populations can be identified and isolated; however, is variable. Biomaterials have an important role in the development of artificial stem cell niches for in vitro culture or in vivo therapy. Biomaterials can be controlled in order to provide insoluble matrix signals, present soluble signals, control cell–cell contacts and transmit or augment physical signals all of which can contribute towards enhancing cell function or directing cell phenotype. This chapter focuses specifically on how biomaterials can be used within the context of a stem cell niche to direct and maintain differentiation towards cardiovascular cell types.
A comparison of finance officer and auditor assessments of municipal internal control

There is an increased emphasis on internal control in the governmental sector. We compare finance officer assessments of internal control to auditor assessments for a sample of Michigan municipalities. On average, the finance officers' assessments of their control systems were more favorable than the assessments made by auditors from a regional CPA firm with a large governmental practice, suggesting that auditor reports on internal control may result in a more conservative evaluation of the control system than reports provided by management. One measure of the effectiveness of the internal control system is its ability to prevent errors. We compare the finance officer and auditor assessments of internal control to the number of audit adjustments as an objective measure of the accuracy of the control assessments. The internal control assessments made by auditors were significantly more highly correlated with the number of audit adjustments than those made by finance officers. This suggests that the accuracy of internal control reports may be improved if the reports are prepared by auditors.
Measurement of Fat Fraction in the Human Thymus By Localized NMR and Three-point Dixon MRI Techniques

Abstract Purpose To develop a protocol to non-invasively measure and map fat fraction, fat/(fat+water), as a function of age in the adult thymus for future studies monitoring the effects of interventions aimed at promoting thymic rejuvenation and preservation of immunity in older adults. Materials and methods Three-dimensional spoiled gradient echo 3T MRI with 3-point Dixon fat-water separation was performed at full inspiration for thymus conspicuity in 36 volunteers 19 to 56 years old. Reproducible breath-holding was facilitated by real-time pressure recording external to the console. The MRI method was validated against localized spectroscopy in vivo, with ECG triggering to compensate for stretching during the cardiac cycle. Fat fractions were corrected for T1 and T2 bias using relaxation times measured using inversion recovery-prepared PRESS with incremented echo time. Results In thymus at 3 T, T1water = 978 ± 75 ms, T1fat = 323 ± 37 ms, T2water = 43.4 ± 9.7 ms and T2fat = 52.1 ± 7.6 ms were measured. Mean T1-corrected MRI fat fractions varied from 0.2 to 0.8 and were positively correlated with age, weight and body mass index (BMI). In subjects with matching MRI and MRS fat fraction measurements, the difference between these measurements exhibited a mean of −0.008 with a 95% confidence interval of (0.123, −0.138). Conclusions 3-point Dixon MRI of the thymus with T1 bias correction produces quantitative fat fraction maps that correlate with T2-corrected MRS measurements and show age trends consistent with thymic involution.
Calibrations for charged particle tracking and measurements of w photoproduction with the GlueX detector

The GlueX experiment is a new experimental facility at Jefferson Lab in Newport News, VA. The experiment aims to map out the spectrum of hybrid mesons in the light quark sector. Measurements of the spin-density matrix elements in w photoproduction are performed with a linear polarizedphoton beam on an unpolarized proton target, and presented in bins of Mandelstam t for beam energies of 8:4 - 9:0 GeV. The spin-density matrix elements are exclusively measured through two decays of the w meson: w --> π?+? π ?- and π?0 and w --> π0 y. A description of the experimental apparatusis presented. Several methods used in the calibration of the charged particle tracking system are described. These measurements greatly improve the world statistics in this energy range. These are the first results measured through the w --> πo y decay at this energy. Results are generallyconsistent with a theoretical model based on diffractive production with Pomeron and pseudoscalar exchange in the t-channel.
The Painful Bladder

Every physician who provides care to female patients is regularly consulted to evaluate and treat symptoms of pelvic discomfort. These include everything from mild irritation and burning to deep visceral pain. The assessment of the undifferentiated patient with pelvic pain or discomfort calls for an organized system-by-system approach guided by the interview and physical exam findings. Women suffering from bladder pain syndrome or interstitial cystitis (IC/BPS) are frequently among patients presenting with pelvic pain or discomfort. Successful early identification of this subgroup of patients among pelvic pain sufferers is key to mitigating the adverse quality of life impact of bladder pain syndrome (formerly interstitial cystitis).
Reframing Beliefs About Work and Change Processes in Redesigning Laboratory Services

Article-at-a-Glance Background In 1996 a team started meeting to redesign care at Intermountain Health Care's (Salt Lake City) laboratory services on a fast track to dovetail with remodeling of the physical layout. The team reframed its current beliefs about using team processes—including use of a consultant/facilitator, team size, and decision making (by criteria instead of consensus). Measurement Although the lab was strong in technical measurements, the sole management measurement before redesign was financial data generated by the accounting department. A comprehensive measurement system, which was required for the lab to evaluate the impact of the redesign efforts and manage its operations over time, constituted the team's first steps toward implementing the redesign effort. Process Redesign Once the team understood the purpose, customer expectations, desired outcomes of the specimen flow process, and the reasons for current breakdowns, it was able to design an ideal high-level process (with a floor plan to support it). Multiple subprocesses were redesigned and implemented on the basis of reframed beliefs—for example, that the process starts and ends with the customer (clinician or patient) and that there is one standardized entry point into the lab to reduce variability in processing and assign priority for analysis of specimens. For example, the team identified opportunities for improvements in the manner in which laboratory test results were communicated to physicians' offices. Summary The belief that appeared to have the most profound impact on the redesign effort was the clarification of the fundamental purpose of laboratory services and how it shapes every aspect of the business.
Fracture and fatigue of piezoceramics under mechanical and electrical loads

Publisher Summary Piezoelectric materials have found a wide range of applications in smart structures because of their high modulus and strong electro–mechanical coupling. The use of piezoceramics as actuators in smart structures demands that these materials perform under increasingly high electric and mechanical loads. Durability and reliability of actuators become important issues. Therefore, fracture (failure under monotonic mechanical and electrical loads) and fatigue (failure under cyclic loads) behavior of piezoceramics must be understood and accurately modeled. Fatigue tests using compact tension specimen under various combinations of electric and mechanical load were conducted to develop a crack growth model. Experimental results indicated that crack growth could be significantly influenced by electric fields. However, it could not be accounted for by the apparent stress intensity factor alone.
Musculoskeletal Outcomes from Chronic High-Speed, High-Impulse Resistance Exercise.

While bones and muscles adapt to mechanical loading, it appears that very specific types of stimuli must be applied to achieve osteogenesis. Our study assessed musculoskeletal outcomes to 30 training sessions on an Inertial Exercise Trainer (Newnan, GA). Subjects (n=13) performed workouts with their left leg, while their right served as an untreated control. Workouts entailed three 60-s sets each of knee extension, hip extension and calf press exercises, separated by 90-s rests. Before and after the 30 training sessions, subjects underwent strength tests (knee and ankle extensors of both legs), DEXA scans (hip, knee and ankles of both legs), and blood draws. After 30 training sessions 2×2 ANOVAs showed left leg peak torques rose significantly. 2×2 ANCOVAs, with bone scan area as a covariate, showed significant left leg calcaneal bone mineral content (+29%) and density (+33%) increases after 30 training sessions. A significant decline in C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen, a blood marker of bone resorption, also occurred after 30 training sessions. The Inertial Exercise Trainer’s large volume of training session repetitions elicited high peak force, peak acceleration and impulses that likely provided a mechanical loading stimulus that evoked calcaneal accretion.
Do Implant Surgical Guides Allow an Adequate Zone of Keratinized Tissue for Flapless Surgery

Purpose A major advantage of guided implant surgery using 3-dimensionally printed guides is the ability to perform accurate flapless surgery. A drawback of a flapless technique is the inability to manipulate soft tissue to ensure sufficient gingiva around the implant. The purpose of this study was to determine how often flapless surgery using surgical guides results in less than 2 mm of keratinized tissue surrounding the implant. Materials and Methods This retrospective analysis included 27 maxillary and 27 mandibular implant sites that underwent treatment planning for implant-guided surgery using 3Shape Implant Studio (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark). Intraoral scan images were used to measure the width of the keratinized tissue on the buccal aspect of each implant site in both arches and the lingual aspect in the mandibular arch. Three examiners measured the amount of buccal and lingual keratinized tissue in millimeters at each implant site. Analysis of variance (P Results No statistically significant difference was found either between the widths of buccal keratinized tissue in the maxillary anterior (4.06 ± 1.42 mm) and posterior (4.93 ± 2.54 mm) areas (P = .293) or between the amounts of buccal and lingual keratinized tissue in the mandible (P = .995). The keratinized tissue width in the maxillary buccal area was significantly different (4.48 ± 2.04 mm) from that in the mandibular posterior buccal (1.98 ± 1.41 mm) and lingual (1.98 ± 1.23 mm) areas (P Conclusions Adequate keratinized tissue was found in most of the planned maxillary implant sites, whereas most of the mandibular posterior implant sites had inadequate keratinized tissue. Therefore, elevation of a flap to preserve and reposition existing keratinized tissue around implants should be considered when planning to use tooth-borne surgical guides in the posterior mandible.
On modeling fracture of ferritic steels due to hydrogen embrittlement

Abstract Experimental studies in the literature show that the fracture of ferritic steels in the presence of hydrogen occurs primarily perpendicular to the direction of the maximum principal tensile stress, is transgranular in nature, and has fracture surfaces which show “quasi-cleavage” features. Such features are cleavage-like but not along any known cleavage plane or grain boundaries. While the precise micromechanisms which lead to a transition from regular plastic deformation of the steel to “quasi-brittle” fracture are at present unclear, in this paper we have formulated a continuum theory for the diffusion of hydrogen coupled with the elastic-viscoplastic response of metals, together with a simple model which leads to quasi-brittle fracture in the presence of hydrogen. We assume that when an internal variable φ of the theory reaches a critical value φcr, then the inelastic deformation transitions from (a) a volume-preserving plastic stretching which occurs in the direction of the stress deviator — as in standard Mises-type plasticity, to (b) a different form of inelastic stretching which occurs in the direction of the maximum principal stress, and which is dilational in nature. We call this latter form of inelastic deformation craze inelasticity. We view the strain produced due to crazing as a “quasi-brittle” form of inelastic deformation. We allow only a small amount of inelastic craze-strain before the process of craze-breakdown and fracture sets in. To model craze-breakdown we introduce a damage variable d ∈ [ 0 , 1 ] ; if d = 0 at a point then that point is intact, while if d = 1 at some point then that point is fractured. With the aim of “regularizing” the strain-softening behavior during craze-breakdown, and to avoid mesh-dependency related issues during finite element simulations, we develop a damage theory which depends not only on d but also its gradient ∇ d , which is considered to be a measure of the spatial inhomogeneity of the damage during the craze-breakdown process. We have numerically implemented our coupled diffusion-deformation-damage theory in a finite element program, and we present representative numerical examples which show the ability of the simulation capability to qualitatively replicate the process of fracture due to hydrogen embrittlement in some technically relevant geometries.
Full Wave Solutions of Multiple Scattering Using Vector Spheroidal Waves and Addition Theorem

In this paper, we develop a hybrid method to calculate the multiple scattering of arbitrary-shape objects, based on the rigorous solutions of Maxwell equations in the form of Foldy-Lax multiple scattering equations (FL). The hybrid method includes three steps: (1) calculating the T matrix of each single object using vector spheroidal waves, (2) vector spheroidal wave transformations, and (3) solving FL for all the objects. We utilize the commercial software HFSS to calculate the T matrix of a single object. From the numerical integration of the scattered fields from HFSS with the vector spheroidal waves, the T matrix is obtained. To perform wave transformations (i.e. addition theorem) for vector spheroidal waves, we develop robust numerical methods. In solving FL, the coherent wave interactions among the objects are considered and the multiple scattering of all the objects is calculated. The hybrid method is applicable for full wave simulations of objects with arbitrary shapes, such as trees with arbitrary-shape branches and leaves.
Correlation between a deep-learning-based model observer and human observer for a realistic lung nodule localization task in chest CT

Mathematical model observers (MOs) have become popular in task-based CT image quality assessment, since, once proven to be correlated with human observers (HOs), these MOs can be used to estimate HO performance. However, typical MO studies are limited to phantom data which only involve uniform background. In practice, anatomical background variability and tissue non-uniformity affect HO lesion detection performance. Recently, we have proposed a deep-learning-based MO (DL-MO). In this study, we aim to investigate the correlation between this DL-MO and HOs for a lung-nodule localization task in chest CT. Using a patient database that contains 50 lung cancer screening CT patient cases, 12 different experimental conditions were generated, including 4 radiation dose levels, 3 nodule sizes, 2 nodule types and 3 reconstruction types. These conditions were created by using a validated noise and lesion insertion tool. Four subspecialized radiologists performed the HO study for all 12 conditions individually in a randomized fashion. The DL-MO was trained and tested for the same dataset. The performance of DL-MO and HO was compared across all the experimental conditions. DL-MO performance was strongly correlated with HO performance (Pearson’s correlation coefficient: 0.988 with a 95% confidence interval of [0.894, 0.999]). These results demonstrate the potential to use the proposed DL-MO to predict HO performance for the task of lung nodule localization in chest CT.
Capabilities of an Assessment System for Construction Worker Physiology

AbstractLimited data exists on how construction activities physically impact construction workers. This research explores the use of physiological status monitors (PSMs) to assess the impact of con...
Reducing Nursing Student Anxiety in the Clinical Setting: An Integrative Review

Aim The aim of this review was to examine nonsimulation strategies to reduce undergraduate nursing student anxiety in the clinical setting. Background The anxiety nursing students often experience during clinical rotations can affect their academic performance and interpersonal interactions. Method An integrative review was undertaken following guidelines by Whittemore and Knafl. The search was limited to articles published from 1999 to 2018 to increase the likelihood that they included the generations of students currently most prevalent in nursing programs, millennials and generation Z. Results Most researchers (17 studies) supported their interventions as somewhat effective in reducing nursing student anxiety in the clinical setting. A number of limitations of the research were identified. Conclusion Various faculty-led and student-led interventions may reduce student anxiety in the clinical setting. Further rigorous research on this topic is needed to provide a strong evidence base for such interventions.
Examining Faculty-to-Student Consensual Sexual Relationship Policies on Campus: Have There Been Changes in the Era of #MeToo.

Although Title IX prohibits sex-based discrimination, including sexual harassment in institutions of higher education (IHEs), in the era of #MeToo, consensual faculty–student relationships have eli...
Poor and hurting: media habits and views on drugs

Perceptions of illicit drugs may relate to factors such as media coverage and demographic variables, yet little is known about the relative importance of these factors, even though perceptions of harm are strongly associated with increased use. This study explores young adults’ beliefs about illicit drugs and investigates several variables that may account for differences in perceived harm of illicit drugs: demographic variables, media consumption, and personal experience. Using both qualitative and quantitative measures, this study surveyed college students to rank the relative harm of various categories of illicit drugs, finding several marked demographic and experiential disparities in responses. Media consumption was linked to perceptions of the relative harm of marijuana and prescription opioid use. Female respondents were more likely to rank drugs as harmful than males, and differences in harm rankings were also seen based on racial designations, residence type, political affiliation, and prior personal or familial use. Perceptions of harm are related to demographic features as well as media consumption, which could potentially lead to an increase in drug use. Given that perceptions of harm are associated with future use, elucidating perceptions of harm and characteristics that alter perceptions can inform how we frame discussions of drugs.
Instantaneous microwave-photonic spatial-spectral channelization via k-space imaging

The ability to both spatially and spectrally demultiplex wireless transmitters enables communication networks with higher spectral and energy efficiency. In practice, demultiplexing requires sub-millisecond latency to map the dynamics of the user space in real-time. Here, we present a system architecture, referred to as k-space imaging, which channelizes the radio frequency signals both spatially and spectrally through optical beamforming, where the latency is limited only by the speed of light traversing the optical components of the receiver. In this architecture, a phased antenna array samples radio signals, which are then coupled into electro-optic modulators (EOM) that coherently up-convert these signals to the optical domain, preserving their relative phases. The received signals, now optical sidebands, are transmitted in optical fibers of varying path lengths, which act as true time delays that yield frequency-dependent optical phases. The output facets of the optical fibers form a two-dimensional optical phased array in an arrangement preserving the phases generated by the angle of arrival (AoA) and the time-delay phases. Directing the beams emanating from the fibers through an optical lens produces a two-dimensional Fourier transform of the optical field at the fiber array. Accordingly, the optical beam formed at the back focal plane of the lens is steered based upon the phases, providing the angle of arrival and instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM), with latency determined by the speed of light over the optical path length. We present a numerical evaluation and experimental demonstration of this passive AoA- and frequency-detection capability.
Farmers' adoption and perceived benefits of diversified crop rotations in the margins of U.S. Corn Belt.

Abstract Monoculture and simplified two-crop rotation systems compromise the ecosystem services essential to crop production, diminish agricultural productivity, and cause detrimental effects on the environment. In contrast to the simplified two-crop rotation, diversified crop rotation (DCR) refers to rotation systems that contain three or more crops. Despite multiple benefits generated by DCR, its usage has dwindled over the past several decades. This paper examined determinants of farmers' adoption decisions and perceived benefits of DCR in the west margins of the U.S. Corn Belt where crop diversity has declined. We analyzed 708 farmer responses from a farmer survey conducted in the eastern South Dakota in 2018, accounting for county-level climate variables, as well as cropland data, soil and topographic variables in close proximity of the farm. Our findings indicated that farmers were more likely to utilize DCR as an adaptive strategy to cope with water deficit and reduce soil erosion on marginal land. Additionally, livestock integration and organic farming helped necessitate DCR adoption and magnify its benefits. Producer concerns towards lack of equipment and new crop profitability diluted producers’ interests in DCR practice and compromised its benefits. Enhanced technical and policy support, along with infrastructure and market development, could help producers fully utilize DCR benefits and expand DCR usage to more regions.
Teaching Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students: Exploring the Challenges and Perceptions of Nursing Faculty.

AIM: The aim of this research was to analyze the challenges of nurse faculty when teaching culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students. BACKGROUND: CLD students struggle academically and may need accommodations to be successful. There is a lack of research on challenges faced by faculty when teaching CLD students and faculty perceptions of those challenges. METHOD: Data were collected via an online survey and in-person interviews. RESULTS: Several challenges were uncovered. The most common challenges were related to language barriers and lack of support in teaching CLD students. CONCLUSION: Nursing faculty members have several challenges in teaching CLD nursing students and should receive training to better understand, assess, and instruct their students.
Frequent small group interactions improve student learning gains in physics: Results from a nationally representative pre-post study of four-year colleges

Introductory physics students who reported working in small groups during every class had greater conceptual learning gains than students who did not.
Dilute Povidone-Iodine Irrigation Reduces the Rate of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Following Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: An Analysis of 31,331 Cases.

BACKGROUND Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) surgeons employ various strategies to reduce the risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Few studies have examined the efficacy of preclosure dilute povidone-iodine irrigation in a large cohort accounting for recent practice changes in TJA. This study compared the risk of PJI in TJA patients with and without dilute povidone-iodine irrigation. METHODS This is a retrospective study of all consecutive primary TJAs between 2009 and 2019 at a single institution. We included 31,331 cases, of which 8659 were irrigated with dilute povidone-iodine and 22,672 were irrigated with sterile saline prior to closure. The primary endpoint was PJI as defined by 2018 International Consensus Meeting criteria with a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between dilute povidone-iodine irrigation and PJI while controlling for demographics, comorbidities, and operative factors. RESULTS In total, 340 patients (1.09%) developed PJI. Dilute povidone-iodine irrigation was associated with 2.34 times lower rate of PJI (0.6% vs 1.3%). Using multiple regression, dilute povidone-iodine remained significantly associated with a reduction in PJI. The absolute risk reduction was 0.73% and number needed to treat was 137 patients. Female gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, operative time, anesthesia type, prophylactic antibiotic type, and tranexamic acid were other significant factors in the regression model. CONCLUSION The routine use of dilute povidone-iodine could prevent 1 PJI for every 137 TJA patients, regardless of their preoperative risk. These findings support the use of povidone-iodine irrigation as a safe and cost-effective measure to reduce PJI.
Estimation of Uncertainty

When the minimum of a function of adjustable parameters has been found, we know the values of the adjustable parameters that give the “best fit” to the data. We are then faced with the question, “How confident can we be that the parameters that give the best fit correspond to the facts concerning the physical or chemical quantities we were trying to measure?” This question resolves itself into the problem of estimating two distinct quantities, which we call precision and accuracy.
The evolution of multinational firms from Asia: A longitudinal study of Taiwan’s Acer Group

Despite their growing proliferation and significance, multinational enterprises (MNEs) from the developing countries have not received adequate attention. To close the gap, this paper seeks to answer a fundamental question: what is the evolutionary pattern of the MNEs from the developing countries? To address the above question, this paper focuses on a longitudinal case study of a successful multinational firm from a developing country in Asia. Both theoretical and practical implications of the case are discussed.
Technology in Science Teacher Education: Survey of Current Uses and Desired Knowledge among Science Educators

(2000). Technology in Science Teacher Education: Survey of Current Uses and Desired Knowledge among Science Educators. Journal of Science Teacher Education: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 131-153.
Models for the control and simulation of synchronous type machine drives under various fault conditions

In many critical drive applications, such as in automotive power steering, automations and other high performance drives, the system comprising the inverter and motors is required, even under faults, to operate stably and meet drive requirements for a period of time before the system can be (self) repaired. A cost effective solution includes using flexible and re-configurable converter control algorithms that ensure the proper drive operation, even under fault conditions. The determination of such converter control algorithms requires the models of the converters and motors for all feasible fault conditions. This paper presents the modeling of synchronous-type machines and associated converters under some fault conditions which are required for the development of the control algorithms. Some of the authors' analytical results are illustrated with experimental results from a 2 hp inverter driven interior permanent-magnet machine.
Fine structure and taxonomy of two species of the marine diatom genus Climaconeis (Berkeleyaceae, Bacillariophyta): C. silvae sp. nov. and C. riddleae sp. nov. from the Caribbean Sea and Florida bay, USA

Two new species of marine biraphid diatoms of the genus Climaconeis, C. silvae, collected from several localities in Puerto Rico (Caribbean Sea), and C. riddleae, from two localities in Florida Bay, USA, are described by light and scanning electron microscopy. Climaconeis silvae is characterized by long arcuate cells (132-298 ?m long and 5-10 ?m wide) with extremely fine striae (28-35 in 10 ?m), transapically elongated poroid areolae, biarcuate eccentric raphe, both polar and central raphe endings externally deflected toward the ventral side, 8-20 H-shaped plastids, and absence of central stauros and associated pores. Climaconeis riddleae is characterized by arcuate, asymmetrical cells, 4 plastids, valves measuring 82-182 ?m long and 4-6 ?m wide, transapical striae 24-27 in 10 ?m, each stria composed of single row of squarish poroid areolae, and an almost central raphe. Climaconeis silvae and C. riddleae closely resemble only three other arcuate species, C. inflexa, C. ghurbensis and C. koenigii, in valve shape and in structure and arrangement of the striae but differ from them in stria density, number of plastids, valve dimensions, and some fine structural detail. They are compared with other members of the genus, including the generitype, C. lorenzii. A revised synoptic key to the 13 known species of Climaconeis is presented.
Operational estimation of precipitation from satellite data

Abstract Since 1978, the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has been operationally producing estimates and outlooks of heavy precipitation to the National Weather Service (NWS) Forecast Offices and River Forecast Centers (RFC). These estimates and outlooks aid the NWS in issuing flash flood watches and warning. Additionally, NESDIS is providing the following products for monitoring and assessing global precipitation: (1) Infrared (IR) Histograms of the GOES Precipitation Index between 40°N and 40°S; (2) Global Cloud Liquid Water from the Special Sensor Microwave/Temperature (SSM/T)—over water only; (3) Global Precipitation from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I)—over land and water. These products are being collected and verified by NOAA's Climate Analysis Center (CAC). Over the nest 3–5 years, product improvements are planned through: (1) integration of the microwave, visible, and IR measurements to produce a tri-spectral precipitation product; and (2) modification of the tri-spectral global precipitation product for seasonal variations, regional differences, and collateral data.
Angular distributions of quasi-free scattering contributions in deuteron break-up by protons and deuterons

Abstract Proton-proton and proton-neutron coincidence spectra from the p + d → p + P + n reaction were measured simultaneously for E p = 12.5 MeV and θ = θ 1 = − θ 2 in the interval 15° + = θ ≦ 60°. Deuteron-proton and deuteron-neutron coincidence spectra from the d + d → d + p + n reaction were measured also for E d = 12.5 MeV and θ = θ 1 = − θ 2 in the interval 15° ≦ θ ≦ 40°. Measured spectra are discussed in terms of the quasi-free scattering model. The shape of measured spectra and the angular dependence of the peak cross sections are fairly well reproduced. It was found that the ratio of the peak cross section for n-p and p-p quasi-free scattering in the p + d → p + p + n reaction varied from 1.3 at θ = 15° to 4.3 at θ = 42.5°. The ratio of the peak cross section for n-d and p-d quasi-free scattering in the d + d → d + p + n reaction was found to be constant and close to one. The variation of the σ np σ pp peak ratio in the p + d → p + p + n reaction can be attributed to the influence of n-p and p-p final-state interactions.
Writing, Religious Faith, and Rooted Cosmopolitan Dialogue: Portraits of Two American Evangelical Men in a Public School English Classroom

Some literacy scholars have embraced rooted cosmopolitanism as a framework for educating in today’s globalized and pluralistic world, where communicating across difference is an important individua...
Optical communications: Solitons go slow

A new method for slowing down light pulses while minimizing pulse distortion could help create practical photonic devices that route bits of information in optical-telecommunication systems.
The percolation process on a tree where infinite clusters are frozen

Author(s): Aldous, DJ | Abstract: Modify the usual percolation process on the infinite binary tree by forbidding infinite clusters to grow further. The ultimate configuration will consist of both infinite and finite clusters. We give a rigorous construction of a version of this process and show that one can do explicit calculations of various quantities, for instance the law of the time (if any) that the cluster containing a fixed edge becomes infinite. Surprisingly, the distribution of the shape of a cluster which becomes infinite at time t g 1/2 does not depend on t; it is always distributed as the incipient infinite percolation cluster on the tree. Similarly, a typical finite cluster at each time t g 1/2 has the distribution of a critical percolation cluster. This elaborates an observation of Stockmayer [12]. © 2000 Cambridge Philosophical Society.
Approximate asymptotic solutions for acoustic transmission through the walls of rectangular ducts

Abstract Approximate expressions—valid at sufficiently high frequencies—are obtained for the acoustic transmission loss of the walls of rectangular ducts. Single mode propagation inside the duct, both in the fundamental mode and in higher order modes, is considered and a multimode model is also proposed. These theories lead to very simple formulae for the transmission loss, which prove to be in tolerably good agreement with measurements.
Early predictors of chronic work disability associated with carpal tunnel syndrome: a longitudinal workers' compensation cohort study.

Background The study objectives were to identify early predictors of chronic work disability associated with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and to test the hypothesis that variables from each of several domains (sociodemographic, clinical, work-related, and psychosocial) would add unique predictive information. Methods Washington State workers were interviewed 18 days (median) after submitting a new workers' compensation claim for CTS. Baseline predictors of chronic work disability (≥180 days of work disability compensation in the year after claim submission) were examined for workers who had at least 1 day of disability compensation (N = 899). Results Baseline demographic variables, symptom severity, functional limitations, lack of job accommodation, job physical demands, job psychosocial conditions, and worker psychosocial characteristics predicted chronic disability bivariately. Each domain of variables added significantly to the prediction of chronic disability. The final multivariable model had fair ability to discriminate individuals with versus without chronic disability (cross-validated area under the ROC curve = 0.76). Conclusions Sociodemographic, clinical, work-related, and worker psychosocial factors early in a claim contribute unique information to the prediction of subsequent work disability associated with CTS. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:489–500, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Electronic structure and properties of model oxy and carboxy ferrous cytochrome P450: Comparison of semiempirical and ab-initio calculations

Semiempirical and ab-initio LCAO-MO-SCF calculations are reported for model oxy and carboxy ferrous cytochrome P450 with a methyl mercaptide SCH3− as an axial ligand for a number of conformations of the CO ligand and S-Fe-O-O torsion angle. For the semiempirical calculations a newly developed indo method including transition metal complexes is used with both a theoretical and a spectroscopic evaluation of one- and two-electron integrals. The electronic distributions obtained using the theoretical procedure compare well with the ab-initio results. Spectroscopic parametrization gives distributions and orbital energies which include some relaxation effects. The ground state description obtained with this parameterization yields values for the electric field gradient for both the oxy and the carboxy compounds which are in excellent agreement with experiment. Thus the anomalously large electric field gradient observed for the oxy and the extremely small electric field gradient observed for the carboxy P450 are both accounted for and support the validity of the calculated electronic structure.
Bilingual discourse markers in Puerto Rican Spanish

This study examines bilingual discourse markers in a language contact situation. The focus is on how English-dominant, bilingual, and Spanish-dominant New York Puerto Ricans integrate English-language discourse markers into their Spanish-language oral narratives. The corpus comprises 60 Spanish-language oral narratives of personal experience extracted from transcripts of conversations with New York Puerto Ricans. After a review of the study of discourse markers in language contact situations, the use of English-language discourse markers is compared to the use of Spanish-language markers in the texts. The discussion considers the question of whether English-language discourse markers are more profitably identified as instances of code-switching or of borrowing. Finally, the essay explores how bilingual speakers integrate English discourse markers in their narratives with a pattern of usage and frequency that varies according to language proficiency.
Kinetics of Filament Bundling with Attractive Interactions

We study the kinetics of filament bundling by variable time-step Brownian-dynamics simulations employing a simplified attractive potential based on earlier atomic-level calculations for actin filaments. Our results show that collisions often cluster in time, due to memory in the random walk. The clustering increases the bundling opportunities. Small-angle collisions and collisions with short center-to-center distance are more likely to lead to bundling. Increasing the monomer-monomer attraction decreases the bundling time to a diffusional limit, which is determined by the capture cross-section and diffusion coefficients. The simulations clearly show that the bundling process consists of two sequential phases: rotation, by which two filaments align parallel to each other; and sliding, by which they maximize their contact length. Whether two filaments bundle or not is determined by the competition between rotation to a parallel state and escape. Increasing the rotational diffusion coefficient and attraction enhances rotation; decreasing attraction and increasing the translational diffusion coefficients enhance escape. Because of several competing effects, the filament length only affects the bundling time weakly.
Finite Element Analysis of a Three-phase Piezoelectric Nanocomposite

Finite element analyses were conducted on a three-phase piezoelectric nanocomposite to investigate the effects of several design parameters on performance. The nanocomposite consisted of a polyimide matrix enhanced with single-wall carbon nanotubes and PZT-5A particles. The effective piezoelectric properties were computed for a wide range of nanotube and PZT particle concentrations. A discrepancy was found between the experimental and computational results. Several modified finite element models were developed to explore possible reasons for this discrepancy, and a hypothesis involving nanotube dispersion was proposed to explain the difference. The response of the nanocomposite under harmonic loading was also investigated using the finite element model. It was found that increasing the dielectric loss of the matrix enhanced piezoelectric performance up to a certain point, which could be an effective tool in designing piezoelectric composite materials.
Michael J. Carlebach, The Origins of Photojournalism in America. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. 208 pp. Paper, $29.95.

(1994). Michael J. Carlebach, The Origins of Photojournalism in America. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. 208 pp. Paper, $29.95. American Journalism: Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 277-278.
Moments of the photon spectrum in the inclusive B → Xsγ decay

Abstract The moments of the photon spectrum in the inclusive B → Xsγ decay can be calculated to order αs accuracy at present, without knowing the αs corrections to the effective Hamiltonian. We discuss the standard model predictions, and how the moments of the photon spectrum are related to certain matrix elements of the heavy quark effective theory. The sensitivity of these moments to new physics is small, and they provide a model-independent determination of the b quark pole mass (at order αs), or equivalently, the matrix elements Λ and λ1 of the effective theory.