cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isotopic tracer studies on the thermal decomposition of uranium peroxide

Abstract Isotopic tracer studies using 18O show that on the decomposition of UO4·2H2O, the oxygen formed originates entirely in the peroxide, and that water is liberated without contamination by “uranyl” or “peroxide” oxygen. The second observation shows that only the oxide formed on decomposition of O22− is incorporated into the product UO3, and also proves that UO3·H2O2·H2O is not a proper constitutional formula of the peroxide. The conclusions summarized depend on observations for systems in which only partial decomposition has taken place. The products do inter-equilibrate readily, and samples removed after complete decomposition show evidence of this.
Photosynthetic Light Reactions in Chemically Fixed Spinach Thylakoids

After proper fixation with glutaraldehyde, spinach thylakoids retain both photosystem I and photosystem II activity. The photochemical activity of fixed thylakoids is highly resistant to 1% triton. This indicates that fixed thylakoids may be useful starting material for isolation of functional components which can be related to the original structure of the membrane.
Lagrange thermodynamic potential and intrinsic variables for He-3 He-4 dilute solutions

For a two-fluid model of dilute solutions of He-3 in liquid He-4, a thermodynamic potential is constructed that provides a Lagrangian for deriving equations of motion by a variational procedure. This Lagrangian is defined for uniform velocity fields as a (negative) Legendre transform of total internal energy, and its primary independent variables, together with their thermodynamic conjugates, are identified. Here, similarities between relations in classical physics and quantum statistical mechanics serve as a guide for developing an alternate expression for this function that reveals its character as the difference between apparent kinetic energy and intrinsic internal energy. When the He-3 concentration in the mixtures tends to zero, this expression reduces to Zilsel's formula for the Lagrangian for pure liquid He-4. An investigation of properties of the intrinsic internal energy leads to the introduction of intrinsic chemical potentials along with other intrinsic variables for the mixtures. Explicit formulas for these variables are derived for a noninteracting elementary excitation model of the fluid. Using these formulas and others also derived from quantum statistical mechanics, another equivalent expression for the Lagrangian is generated.
Effects of Disturbance on River Food Webs

A multitrophic model integrating the effects of flooding disturbance and food web interactions in rivers predicted that removing floods would cause increases of predator-resistant grazing insects, which would divert energy away from the food chain leading to predatory fish. Experimental manipulations of predator-resistant grazers and top predators, and large-scale comparisons of regulated and unregulated rivers, verified the model predictions. Thus, multitrophic models can successfully synthesize a variety of ecological processes, and conservation programs may benefit by taking a food web perspective instead of concentrating on a single species.
Comparison of infrared and mass-spectrometric measurements of carbon-13/carbon-12 ratios

Abstract The δ13C values of 20 breath samples and 10 tank-CO2 samples (δ13C values ranged from −31.3 to +148.9% vs PDB) and the CO2 concentrations of three breath samples and 10 tank-CO2 samples were measured with a commercial prototype of a diode-laser i.r. spectrophotometer, MAT I. The results were compared with those obtained by gas-isotope-ratio mass spectrometry and by gas chromatography. Precisions (sx, n = 10) of 0.2% and 0.6% were calculated for 13C/12C ratios and CO2 concentrations, respectively, using the MAT I system.
Incidental imaging finding of chest wall mass

Abdominal radiography demonstrates a well-defined lenticular lucent mass over the liver with cortical thickening of the adjacent rib with ossific spicules protruding into the mass. The curvilinear opacity superomedial to the lucent mass is not part of the lesion; other views (not included) show this to be the inferior border of the scapula. Contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) reveals a non-enhancing homogenous fat attenuation extrapleural mass with a broad-based rib attachment. Thin, cortically based ossific excrescences extend from the inner cortex into the fatty mass. Small bilateral pleural effusions with bibasilar atelectasis are related to the patient’s underlying condition and not the lesion. While soft tissue lipomas are the most common benign mesenchymal tumors, osseous lipomas are uncommon, with most occurring in the medullary cavity [1]. Parosteal lipoma, a rare benign tumor of adipose tissue contiguous with underlying periosteum, accounts for only 0.3 % of all lipomas [2]. They are indolent, usually asymptomatic masses, most often diaphyseal involving the femur (approximately one-third of cases), proximal radius, humerus, tibia, clavicle, or pelvis [2]. To our knowledge, only seven of the approximately 150 reported cases in the English literature have involved a rib [3–8]. Since originally described by Seering in 1836, Bparosteal lipoma,^ not periosteal, has been the preferred terminology since there are no adipocytes in the periosteum [2]. On gross pathology, the lesion is well circumscribed, yellowish, and strongly adherent to the underlying periosteum. While characteristically attached by a sclerotic bony pedicle, this is not always present. A cartilaginous cap may be present [3, 4, 6, 9]. When the fibro-osseous pedicle and cartilage cap predominate, the lesion can have an appearance similar to osteochondroma [3]. Histologically, the fat cells are identical to those in typical lipomas of soft tissue [3, 4]. Cytogenetic analyses have shown the chromosomal translocations in soft tissue and parosteal lipomas are identical, suggesting a common histopathogenesis [10]. Characteristic radiographic features include a well-defined lucency against the cortical bone with osseous reactive changes of the underlying cortex that may include focal hyperostosis, osseous bowing, and/or shallow cortical pressure erosion [3]. Cross-sectional imaging, either CTorMRI, shows fat with or without fibrous stranding. The radiological differential diagnosis is limited. The reactive bony changes may mimic an osteochondroma, but no corticomedullary continuity with the subjacent bone will be seen with parosteal lipoma [9]. On radiographs, juxtacortical (or periosteal) chondromas also appear as sharply marginated radiolucent bone surface tumors with similar cortical reactions. Unlike parosteal lipoma, nearly Answer Parosteal lipoma of the rib The case presentation can be found at doi: 10.1007/s00256-015-2147-z
Diversity and abundance of littoral cladocerans and copepods in nine Ecuadorian highland lakes

La diversidad y abundancia de cladoceros y copepodos de la zona litoral de nueve lagos fue estudiada en la Reserva Ecologica Cayambe- Coca (Paramo de Guamani), Ecuador. Seis muestras fueron tomadas en la zona litoral de cada lago utilizando una red conica para plancton de 500 μm de apertura. Una especie de cladocero (Ephemeroporus acanthoides) es informada por primera vez en Ecuador. La diversidad (H’) y equitatividad (E) fueron determinadas y correlacionadas con los ejes del PCA basado en variables ambientales de los lagos. Los principales parametros que distinguen estos lagos fueron la altitud y el pH, hallazgo inesperado dado el estrecho ambito altitudinal. El tamano parece ser secundario en importancia para este grupo de lagos. No se encontro una correlacion significativa entre ninguno de los ejes ambientales y los indices H’ o E; sin embargo, la riqueza de especies fue mayor en un pequeno lago oligotrofico con altos niveles de DO.
The juvenile alopecia mutation (jal) maps to mouse Chromosome 2, and is an allele of GATA binding protein 3 (Gata3).

Mice homozygous for the juvenile alopecia mutation (jal) display patches of hair loss that appear as soon as hair develops in the neonatal period and persist throughout life. Although a report initially describing this mouse variant suggested that jal maps to mouse Chromosome 13, our preliminary mapping analysis did not support that claim. To map jal to a particular mouse chromosome, we produced a 103-member intraspecific backcross panel that segregated for jal, and typed it for 93 PCR-scorable, microsatellite markers that are located throughout the mouse genome. Only markers from the centromeric tip of Chromosome 2 failed to segregate independently from jal, suggesting that jal resides in that region. To more precisely define jal’s location, we characterized a second, 374-member backcross panel for the inheritance of five microsatellite markers from proximal Chromosome 2. This analysis restricted jal’s position between D2Mit359 and D2Mit80, an interval that includes Il2ra (for interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain), a gene that is known to be associated with alopecia areata in humans. Complementation testing with an engineered null allele of Il2ra, however, showed that jal is a mutation in a distinct gene. To further refine the location of jal, the 374-member panel was typed for a set of four single-nucleotide markers located between D2Mit359 and D2Mit80, identifying a 0.55 Mb interval where jal must lie. This span includes ten genes—only one of which, Gata3 (for GATA binding protein 3)—is known to be expressed in skin. Complementation testing between jal and a Gata3 null allele produced doubly heterozygous, phenotypically mutant offspring. The results presented indicate that the jal mutation is a mutant allele of the Gata3 gene on mouse Chromosome 2. We therefore recommend that the jal designation be changed to Gata3 jal , and suggest that this mouse variant may provide an animal model for at least some forms of focal alopecia that have their primary defect in the hair follicle and lack an inflammatory component.
Impact of clinical guidelines in the management of severe hospital-acquired pneumonia.

Study objectives To asses the impact of locally developed antimicrobial treatment guidelines in the initial empiric treatment of ICU patients with severe hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). Design Observational cohort study with preguideline and postguideline data collection. Patients A total of 48 preguideline patients with 56 episodes of severe HAP defined by the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) compared with 58 guideline-treated (GUIDE) patients with 61 episodes of severe HAP. Results The two groups were similar in terms of mean (± SD) age (NNIS group, 67.7 ± 9.6 years; GUIDE group, 68.0 ± 11.5 years) and simplified acute physiology score (NNIS group, 12.9 ± 3.9; GUIDE group, 12.6 ± 3.1) at the HAP diagnosis, and the proportion of the most frequent isolates (ie, Pseudomonas and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). There was wide variation in initial antibiotic use in NNIS-treated patients, with cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and piperacillin being the most common agents compared with all of the GUIDE patients who received an imipenem-cilastin-based regimen. Vancomycin use was similar in both groups. The GUIDE patients had a higher percentage of adequately treated patients (81% vs 46%, respectively; p Conclusions These guidelines represent a successful implementation of a "deescalation" approach, because the recommended empiric therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics was switched to therapy with narrower spectrum agents after 3 days. Based on our experience, this approach improves the adequacy of antibiotic treatment, with improvement in short-term survival and without increasing the emergence of resistant organisms.
Socio-Economic Employment Status of Filipino Migrants in Australia: Implications to Philippine College Education

The study aimed to describe the socio-economic and employment status of Filipino migrants in Australia and its implications to college education. It utilized qualitative descriptive method of research involving 114 Filipino migrants in Australia as selected respondents through purposive sampling technique. The Filipino migrant workers were basically in their prime to meet the challenge of professional life and employment demands of the Australian labor market; they were into every kind of jobs - be it professional type of job or white collar jobs, or plain blue collar work. Computer literacy is one important job requirement in Australia. Those who migrated to Australia had realized their aspiration for a better life in that country. Foreigners who look for jobs in Australia would not encounter problem or difficulty as they are assured of job placements before they leave the country of origin. Australia is the land of promise for most Filipino migrants who migrated to the country in search for better job opportunities. College degree from the Philippines is not a guarantee of a better job in Australia as its standard of quality education starts from the basic education level.
Expanding the phenotype of the Proteus syndrome: A severely affected patient with new findings

Here we report on a boy who died at 16 1/2 months with hemihypertrophy, eye abnormalities, macrodactyly, hamartomas, pigmented nevi, cerebral involvement, and other anomalies compatible with the Proteus syndrome. In addition, he also had abnormalities previously unreported in the Proteus syndrome including craniosynostosis and complex congenital heart defects. He seems to represent an extremely severe form of the Proteus syndrome and expands the already broad range of the phenotype.
Sedimentology of deposits from around the Late Caledonian unconformity in the western Holy Cross Mts.

The Upper Silurian-Lower Devonian section of the western part of the Holy Cross Mts. is composed of greywackes of the Niewachlow Beds, Kielce Beds and Miedziana Gora Conglomerates. They are separated from the terrestrial Gruchawka Conglomerates and Barcza Beds by an erosional surface. Depositional structures recorded in the Silurian greywackes indicate the deep-water sedimentary environment of a flysch facies. The uppermost part of the Kielce Beds and the Miedziana Gora Conglomerates accumulated on a submarine delta fan. These deposits correspond to Late Caledonian molasse and are associated with closure of the Late Silurian basin in the Holy Cross Mts. The Gruchawka Conglomerates, containing fish remains, mark the beginning of the Early Devonian marine transgression. Together with the overlying sandstones and mudstones of the Barcza Beds they form the Old Red Sandstone succession. The Late Caledonian unconformity occurs between the Upper Silurian molasse deposits and Lower Devonian Old Red Sandstone facies, and the stratigraphic gap most likely spans the Pridoli, Lochkovian and lower Pragian. Large thicknesses of Silurian greywackes in the NW part of Kielce, and the high degree of thermal maturity of organic matter, indicate a geotectonic affinity of this region with the Łysogory Block.
Approximation for the departure process of a queue in a network

A simple renewal process is identified to approximate the complex departure process of a queue often found in queueing network models. The arrival process to the queue is the superposition or merging of several independent component-renewal processes that are approximations of departure processes from other queues and external arrival processes; there is a single server with exponential service times, and the waiting space is infinite. The departure process of this queue is of interest because it is the arrival process to other queues in the network. The approximation proposed is a hybrid; the mean and variance of the approximating departure intervals is a weighted average of those determined by basic methods in Whitt [41] with the weighting function empirically determined using simulation. Tandem queueing systems with superposition arrival processes and exponential service times are used to evaluate the approximation. The departure process of the first queue in the tandem is approximated by a renewal process, the tandem system is replaced by two independent queues, and the second queue is solved analytically. When compared to simulation estimates, the average absolute error in hybrid approximations of the expected number in the second queue is 6%, a significant improvement over 22–41% in the basic methods.
Emerging drugs for polycythemia vera

Introduction: Polycythemia vera (PV) patients suffer from disease-related constitutional symptoms, cardiovascular complications and risk of transformation into myelofibrosis and acute leukemia. Areas covered: Clinical and molecular aspects and current therapies will be described to provide clinical and molecular background to understand the natural history and treatment strategies in PV. Pertinent ongoing research questions, challenges arising out of the specific disease course and biology of PV as well as challenges and opportunities for new agents in PV are addressed. A focus is placed on pegylated interferon-α formulations (PEG-INFa2a) and JAK2 inhibitors. Newest data on symptom burden and incidence and prevalence of PV and MPNs are highlighted in the context of development of PV therapies. Expert opinion: Therapeutic goals in PV are to prevent vascular events, reduce symptoms and for future therapies delay/prevent disease progression. Currently available treatments such as phlebotomy, antiplatelet the...
Securing the Internet routing infrastructure

The unprecedented growth of the Internet over the last years, and the expectation of an even faster increase in the numbers of users and networked systems, resulted in the Internet assuming its position as a mass communication medium. At the same time, the emergence of an increasingly large number of application areas and the evolution of the networking technology suggest that in the near future the Internet may become the single integrated communication infrastructure. However, as the dependence on the networking infrastructure grows, its security becomes a major concern, in light of the increased attempt to compromise the infrastructure. In particular, the routing operation is a highly visible target that must be shielded against a wide range of attacks. The injection of false routing information can easily degrade network performance, or even cause denial of service for a large number of hosts and networks over a long period of time. Different approaches have been proposed to secure the routing protocols, with a variety of countermeasures, which, nonetheless, have not eradicated the vulnerability of the routing infrastructure. In this article, we survey the up-to-date secure routing schemes. that appeared over the last few years. Our critical point of view and thorough review of the literature are an attempt to identify directions for future research on an indeed difficult and still largely open problem.
New Algorithms For Two‐ and Three‐Layer Channel Routin

In this paper a number of new channel-routing algorithms are presented. the routing strategy is based on parallel bubble-sorting and river-routing techniques. an important concept introduced is the POTENTIAL function, which serves as a measure of the degree of difficulty of a particular channel-routing problem. Both non-Manhattan wires and overlapping wires are used. Although the methods are initially derived for two-layer routing with two-terminal nets only, extensions to multiterminal nets and three-layer routing have been made. Preliminary results indicate that in many instances the new algorithm outperforms the traditional approaches.
BulkCompactor: Optimized deterministic execution via Conflict-Aware commit of atomic blocks

Recent proposals for determinism-enforcement architectures are able to honor the dependences between threads through a commit step that often becomes a performance bottleneck. As they commit code blocks (or chunks) in a round-robin order, if one chunk gets squashed due to a conflict, its successors also observe a stall. We call this effect transitive squash delay. This paper proposes a novel, high-performance approach to deterministic execution based on Conflict-Aware commit. Rather than committing chunks in strict round-robin order, the idea is to skip those chunks with conflicts and deterministically execute them slightly later. The scheme, called BulkCompactor, largely eliminates transitive squash delay, “compacts” the chunk commits, and substantially speeds-up execution. With BulkCompactor, the squash overhead is O(N) rather than O(N2) as in round-robin. We describe BulkCompactor designs for machines with centralized or distributed commit. Finally, a simulation-based evaluation shows that BulkCompactor delivers performance comparable to nondeter-ministic systems. For example, for 32 processors, BulkCompactor incurs an average execution overhead of 22% over a nondetermin-istic system. The round-robin scheme's average overhead is 133%.
Courtship Violence and the Interactive Status of the Relationship

Five hundred twenty-six students completed questionnaires designed to measure the use of reasoning, verbal aggression and violence as conflict resolution strategies. Significant differences in the reasoning and verbal aggression scores were found based on gender and on the interactive status of the violence within the relationship. No significant difference was found for the violence score based on sex but a significant difference was found based on the interactive status of the relationship. When the sex of the respondent was controlled an almost identical proportion of males and females reported that violence in their relationship was reciprocal in nature. The results of this study present a strong argument that violence within courtship should be viewed as the breakdown in attempts at conflict resolution and not as a phenomeon in and of itself.
Recurrent oral and vulvar ulcers in a fifteen-year-old girl.

A 15-year-old girl has had a 3-year history of recurrent, painful oral and genital ulcers. This was her fourth ulcer episode and lesions had begun 3 days earlier. This was her first episode of simultaneous oral and vulvar ulcers; prior ulcers had occurred in each region separately. Fever and malaise had sometimes accompanied the ulcers. She had no history of other skin lesions except acne of her trunk. An ophthalmologist was following her regularly for poor vision in one eye since birth; otherwise her ophthalmologic examinations had been normal. She had never had sexual intercourse. Surface cultures of oral and vulvar ulcers for herpes simplex virus (HSV) had been negative in the past. Her past medical history included milk intolerance, depression, and anorexia nervosa. She was taking Wellbutrin, various herbal medicines, and over-thecounter analgesics. Her examination showed about a dozen small ulcers of her lower lip and buccal mucosa (Fig. 1) and a large ulcer with a fibrinous exudate involving her labia minora and vaginal introitus (Fig. 2). The ulcer border was sharp but not undermined.
Deformation of the horizontal radiation pattern of TV transmitting antennas due to a thin dielectric radome

Two methods are presented to study the effect of a thin dielectric radome on the horizontal radiation pattern of TV transmitting antennas. Examples are given for two antenna systems, each consisting of four columns of horizontal dipoles supported by a perfectly conducting carrier post of either circular or square cross section. The radome is a thin circular cylindrical dielectric shell enclosing the antenna system. The problem is modeled by a two-dimensional system and two different surface formulations are used to determine the effect of the radome on the radiation pattern. The procedure developed is general; the post and the radome may be of arbitrary cross sections. The noncircularity of the radiation pattern is computed for transmitting antennas in TV bands IV and V (f=470-790 MHz). It is observed that the presence of a radome does not always imply degradation in the circularity of its pattern; it may even enhance the pattern circularity at some frequencies. >
On Space-Time Trellis-Coded Offset QPSK

This paper describes the use of orthogonal space- time block codes to overcome the performance and complexity difficulties associated with the use of an offset modulation with space-time trellis codes in multiple-input multiple-output communication systems. The orthogonal space-time block code is applied to offset QPSK modulated waveforms in the same way it would be applied to symbols. The procedure allows the receiver to orthogonalize the link. The main benefits of this orthogonalization are 1) the removal of the noise correlation at the input to the space-time trellis decoder and 2) the elimination of I/Q interference resulting from multi-antenna transmission. These benefits are achieved at the expense of data rate. The data rate reduction is a function of the rate of the orthogonal space-time block code.
Neuroanatomical correlates of apathy in late-life depression and antidepressant treatment response

Background: Apathy is a prominent feature of geriatric depression that predicts poor clinical outcomes and hinders depression treatment. Yet little is known about the neurobiology and treatment of apathy in late-life depression. This study examined apathy prevalence in a clinical sample of depressed elderly, response of apathy to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment, and neuroanatomical correlates that distinguished responders from non-responders and healthy controls. Methods: Participants included 45 non-demented, elderly with major depression and 43 elderly comparison individuals. After a 2-week single-blind placebo period, depressed participants received escitalopram 10 mg daily for 12 weeks. The Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) and 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) were administered at baseline and 12 weeks. MRI scans were acquired at baseline for concurrent structural and diffusion tensor imaging of anterior cingulate gray matter and associated white matter tracts. Results: 35.5% of depressed patients suffered from apathy. This declined to 15.6% (po0.1) following treatment, but 43% of initial sufferers continued to report significant apathy. Improvement of apathy with SSRI was independent of change in depression but correlated with larger left posterior subgenual cingulate volumes and greater fractional anisotropy of left uncinate fasciculi. Limitations: Modest sample size, no placebo control, post-hoc secondary analysis, use of 1.5T MRI scanner
Race and ethnicity: vital constructs for diabetes research.

Medical researchers are now paying increasing attention to findings of racial or ethnic (“racial/ethnic” hereafter) differences in quality and access to care, health outcomes, risk factors, genetic markers, and therapeutic response. However, this attention has been met with growing controversy and debate. Society’s history of discrimination, racism and eugenics, and continued disparities in access and quality of care make this a particularly sensitive issue. In the past year, the New England Journal of Medicine (1– 4) and the International Journal of Epidemiology (5,6) have published several commentaries and editorials, some criticizing and others arguing in favor of the use of race/ethnicity in medical research. The editorial board of the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine recently instructed submitting authors not to detail race/ethnic variation in disease or risk factors unless there is proof of the biologic, scientific, or sociologic bases for these differences
Past, Present, and Future Perspectives on the Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke

Interventional neuroradiology plays a continuously expanding and exciting role in the treatment of acute stroke, as evidenced by the development of several important advances, including the advent of multiple new devices and therapies. Furthermore, guidelines regarding endovascular interventions in the setting of acute stroke have been developed and used. In addition to technological advances, the field of pharmacology in the setting of acute stroke is constantly evolving. In a rapidly expanding field, we aim to review significant recent advances related to the endovascular treatment of stroke as well as provide perspective for future directions.
Optical frequency transfer over 38 km of installed fiber at less than 3 × 10-19 residual fractional instability

We transmit a narrow-linewidth cw laser at 1535 nm across 38 km of installed fiber. Through standard Doppler-cancellation techniques, we achieve a residual fractional frequency instability of 4 times 10-17 at 1 second averaging time.
Site‐directed mutagenesis of the type II TGF‐β receptor indicates a ligand‐binding site distinct from that of the type II activin receptor

Site-directed mutagenesis was used to map the ligand-binding surface of the type II transforming growth factor-β receptor extracellular domain (TβRII-ECD). Two putative ligand-binding sites were probed, the first being a predicted hydrophobic patch, the second being the finger 1 surface loop. Nine residues were mutated in the context of full-length TβRII and the effect of these mutations on ligand-binding and receptor signaling was analyzed. Complementary information was obtained by examining ‘natural’ evolutionary TβRII mutations. Together, the results indicate that residues within the finger 1 region, but not the hydrophobic patch, of the TβRII-ECD are required for productive ligand-binding. We conclude that, surprisingly, the ECDs of TβRII and type II activin receptor utilize distinct interacting surfaces for binding their respective ligands.
The Challenges of Final Conversations: Dialectical Tensions During End-of-Life Family Communication

This study examines how participants recall the challenges they encountered during final conversations they had with a family member who has since died. We use relational dialectics as a theoretical framework to interpret participants’ responses. The dialectical tensions evident in these conversations are influenced primarily by a chronemic pressure: the impending death. The overarching tensions discovered were acceptance–denial and openness–closedness (including expression of emotion–concealment of emotion). Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Gliadin induces neutrophil migration via engagement of the formyl peptide receptor, FPR1

Background Gliadin, the immunogenic component within gluten and trigger of celiac disease, is known to induce the production of Interleukin-8, a potent neutrophil-activating and chemoattractant chemokine. We sought to study the involvement of neutrophils in the early immunological changes following gliadin exposure. Methods Utilizing immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, the redistribution of major tight junction protein, Zonula occludens (ZO)-1, and neutrophil recruitment were assessed in duodenal tissues of gliadin-gavaged C57BL/6 wild-type and Lys-GFP reporter mice, respectively. Intravital microscopy with Lys-GFP mice allowed monitoring of neutrophil recruitment in response to luminal gliadin exposure in real time. In vitro chemotaxis assays were used to study murine and human neutrophil chemotaxis to gliadin, synthetic alpha-gliadin peptides and the neutrophil chemoattractant, fMet-Leu-Phe, in the presence or absence of a specific inhibitor of the fMet-Leu-Phe receptor-1 (FPR1), cyclosporine H. An irrelevant protein, zein, served as a control. Results Redistribution of ZO-1 and an influx of CD11b+Lys6G+ cells in the lamina propria of the small intestine were observed upon oral gavage of gliadin. In vivo intravital microscopy revealed a slowing down of GFP+ cells within the vessels and influx in the mucosal tissue within 2 hours after challenge. In vitro chemotaxis assays showed that gliadin strongly induced neutrophil migration, similar to fMet-Leu-Phe. We identified thirteen synthetic gliadin peptide motifs that induced cell migration. Blocking of FPR1 completely abrogated the fMet-Leu-Phe-, gliadin- and synthetic peptide-induced migration. Conclusions Gliadin possesses neutrophil chemoattractant properties similar to the classical neutrophil chemoattractant, fMet-Leu-Phe, and likewise uses FPR1 in the process.
Knowledge and Beliefs Regarding TMD: Has Anything Changed After 20 Years?

Background: Due to the variety of factors involved in TMDs it is not surprising to see a wide range of treatment modalities being suggested for TMD patients. However, one determinant of treatment for TMD that is often overlooked is the practitioner’s knowledge and beliefs about the syndrome itself. Objectives: To evaluate changes in experts’ knowledge and beliefs regarding Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) since the administration of the first such survey by Le Resche, Truelove and Dworkin in 1993. Patients and Methods: A survey invitation was emailed to 62 dentists and 19 psychologists, all determined to be experts in the orofacial pain/TMD field. All dentists selected to be part of this survey were members of the American Academy of Orofacial Pain. Psychologists were selected based on their publications in this field. The Le Resche et al. questionnaire was used with the following adaptations: four new statements were inserted; one statement was removed; and a 6-point Likert agreement scale for each statement was used instead of the original 11-point scale. Reminder emails were sent at one week and one month to maximize the response rate. Changes in responses to each item from the original survey were assessed using z-test. Results: Thirty-four dentists but only three psychologists responded to the survey. Therefore only responses from dentists were used in the analysis. Overall there was a high level of agreement between the original sample and the current sample. Of the 34 original items there was very clear consensus on 24. There was consensus on two new items in the survey on the need for a tomogram and splint therapy. Conclusions: Twenty years after the original survey, the knowledge and beliefs regarding TMDs among experts in this field have not changed significantly.
Frequency-Domain Approach To Determine Magnetic Address-Sensor Separation Distance Using the Harmonic Ratio Method.

In this work, we describe an approach to determine the distance separating a magnetic address from a scanning magnetoresistive sensor, a critical adjustable parameter for certain bioassay analyses where magnetic nanoparticles are used as labels. Our approach is leveraged from the harmonic ratio method (HRM), a method used in the hard drive industry to control the distance separating a magnetoresistive read head from its data platter with nanometer resolution. At the heart of the HRM is an amplitude comparison of a signal’s fundamental frequency to that of its harmonics. When the signal is derived from the magnetic field pattern of a periodic array of magnetic addresses, the harmonic ratio contains the information necessary to determine the separation between the address array and the read head. The elegance of the HRM is that there is no need of additional components to the detection platform to determine a separation distance; the streaming “bit signal” contains all the information needed. In this work, ...
Effects of High Plasma Phenylalanine Concentration in Older Early-Treated PKU Patients: Performance, Neurotransmitter Synthesis, and EEG Mean Power Frequency

In two separate but related studies, we investigated the effect of increased plasma phenylalanine concentration on performance, neurotransmitter synthesis, and EEG mean power frequency (MPF) in older early-treated PKU subjects. When plasma phenylalanine was increased from a mean of 605 ± 423 µM (± SD) to a mean of 2315 ± 1038 µM by increasing phenylalanine in the diet for a week, performance time on a computerized choice reaction test was prolonged, neurotransmitter concentration in plasma and urine was decreased, and the EEG-MPF was decreased. When plasma phenylalanine was reduced, the effects were reversible. These observations suggest that increased phenylalanine affects brain function in patients with a significant defect in phenylalanine hydroxylase function. Whether similar effects occur at lower plasma phenylalanine concentrations in individuals with milder defects or in persons heterozygous for a defective phenylalanine hydroxylase gene should be explored.
Indirect coupling of organic anion secretion to sodium in teleost (Paralichthys lethostigma) renal tubules

Recent findings in both rat and crab indicate that renal accumulation of p-aminohippurate (PAH) across the basolateral membrane can be coupled indirectly to the Na gradient through PAH-glutarate exchange and Na/glutarate cotransport. However, the role of this mechanism in net transepithelial PAH secretion was not examined. Therefore, proximal tubules from Southern flounder kidney were used to assess both the presence of indirect coupling in the fish and its relationship to net secretion. [14C]glutarate uptake by proximal tubular masses was concentrative, Na dependent, and Li inhibitable. Glutarate efflux from preloaded masses was stimulated by addition of PAH to the medium. Thus flounder tubules exhibited both Na/glutarate uptake and glutarate-PAH exchange. Furthermore, steady-state [3H]PAH accumulation was increased 50% by 10-50 microM glutarate, and this increase was abolished by Li, indicating indirect coupling of PAH entry to Na. To determine whether indirect coupling affected net secretion as well as tissue accumulation, the steady-state accumulation of an anionic dye, fluorescein (FL), was measured in individual renal tubules by use of epifluorescence microscopy and video-image analysis. FL accumulated in tubules to levels that were 20-40 times higher than the medium. In most fish, luminal fluorescence was measurably higher than cellular, and uptake in both compartments was markedly reduced by PAH and Li. Moreover, FL accumulation in cells and lumina was increased by 70-100% when 50 microM glutarate was added to the bathing medium. Thus glutarate not only stimulated uphill FL entry into the cells, but also stimulated active secretion into the tubular lumen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Heredity of Variants of the Rh Type.

SummaryStudies on 47 families with 133 children indicate that the major subtypes Rh1 and Rh2 are transmitted by means of corresponding allelic genes Rh1 and Rh2 which are both dominant over the gene rh; and, in addition, that gene Rh1 is dominant over Rh2. (A nomenclature for designating the subdivisions of the Rh positive type is proposed).
Diffuse Optical Imaging in the Spatial and Temporal Frequency Domain

Quantitative imaging in thick tissues is a significant challenge due to distortions from multiple light scattering. Diffuse Optical Imaging using spatially- and temporally-modulated sources controls path length-changing distortions and allows formation of tissue functional images.
Clinical and angiographic outcomes from indirect revascularization surgery for Moyamoya disease in adults and children: a review of 63 procedures.

Background Several forms of indirect cerebral revascularization have been proposed to promote neovascularity to the ischemic brain. Objective To present clinical and angiographic outcomes of indirect revascularization by encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis and burr holes for the treatment of Moyamoya disease in adults and children. Methods Data from 63 hemispheres treated in 42 patients (average age, 30 years; 33 adults; 30 female patients; median follow-up, 14 months) were reviewed. In hemispheres with preoperative and postoperative (6- to 12-month) angiograms available, superficial temporal artery (STA) and middle meningeal artery (MMA) diameters were measured. Preoperative and postoperative corrected arterial sizes were compared. Results Seven patients (17%) had transient ischemic attacks that resolved within 1 month of surgery. No patients suffered moyamoya-related hemorrhage after treatment. Two patients developed additional symptoms many years after surgery. In 18 hemispheres with preoperative and postoperative angiograms, there was an average postoperative increase in STA and MMA diameters of 51% (P = .003) and 49% (P = .002), respectively. Both children and adults displayed revascularization. Two patients did not demonstrate increased vessel size. STA blush and new branches and MMA blush and new branches were identified in 12, 14, 14, and 16 hemispheres, respectively. Angiographic blush was identified in 59% of frontal and 19% of parietal burr holes (P = .03). Surgical complications included 2 subdural hemorrhages requiring evacuation and 2 new ischemic deficits (1 transient). Conclusion Indirect revascularization by encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis and burr holes for moyamoya results in long-term resolution of ischemic and hemorrhagic manifestations in 95% of adults and children. The MMA appears to contribute significantly to the revascularization on follow-up angiograms with increased size and neovascularity comparable to that of the STA. Angiographically, parietal burr holes do not contribute as significantly as frontal burr holes.
The changing relationships between original equipment manufacturers and their suppliers

Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in the USA are undergoing considerable change as they respond to and successfully meet the pressures from worldwide competition. An essential ingredient in this change is the requirement for a new type of supplier. Appropriate suppliers will no longer be those who can deliver the lowest–priced products or materials. Rather, selection will be based on a broader range of criteria, including management capacity, technical capabilities of design and engineering, delivery practice, product quality, control of manufacturing operations and commercial performance in a worldwide competitive sense. In order for OEMs to achieve total quality excellence, timely development of new products and competitive pricing, changes in the supplier–purchaser relationship will be needed. OEMs will develop close, long–term relationships with their suppliers, who will participate in product design and may be single–sourced for longer times than the usual one–year period. The emphasis will be not on the lowest cost for a component or material, but on the OEM's lowest total product cost; as OEMs reduce overhead costs, by decreasing their in–house capability, there will be increasing opportunity for aggressive suppliers to participate in the design–and–build process as full team members.
Analysis on Immune Effect and Safety of Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine in Healthy Population

Objective To analyze the immune effect and safety of two kinds of homemade recombinant hepatitis B vaccines in healthy people. Methods Altogether 532 cases of healthy people with hepatitis B vaccines in Outpatient Department from January 2010 to January 2011 were divided into group A(yeast vaccine,10μg) and group B(CHO vaccine,20μg) according to the category of vaccines.The incidence and degree of adverse reactions were observed between the two groups.The serum HBsAb titers were detected with radioimmunoassay before the second and third shots,one month and one year after the full course vaccination.The antibody-positive rate was compared between the two groups. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reaction between the two groups(P0.05).One month after the full course vaccination,the HBsAb GMT peak value of group B was significantly higher than that in group A(P0.05).One year after the full course vaccination,the antibody-positive rate and HBsAb titers in group B were both significantly higher than those in group A(P0.05). Conclusions On the basis of acceptable,equivalent,less and light adverse reactions following vaccination,the application of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (CHO cells) with 20 μg will obtain greater protective effect in healthy people.
Localization of Wnt1 and Frizzled 2 and identification of their ligand-receptor relationship in the ovary tissue of immature mice

In order to reveal the mechanism of Wnt1 and Frizzled(Fzd) 2 in the regulation of ovarian and follicular development,twelve 3-week old mice were used to investigate the localization of Wnt1 and Fzd2 in the ovary by immunohistochemistry(IHC) and their ligand-receptor relationship by co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP).The results showed that a strong immunostaining of Wnt1 was found in the cytoplasm and on the member of oocytes of health primary and secondary follicles,as well as that in the granular cells near basal lamina of preantral and antral follicles,however Fzd2 staining was found only in the cytoplasm.There was weakly immunostaining of Wnt1 in granular cells around antrum and cumulus oophorus around zona pellucida.The elongated stromal cells round developing follicles or branched from ovarian cores were immunostained by Wnt1 and Fzd2.Furthermore,some scattered cells were also immunostained in the interstitial gland,while in the oocytes of follicular atresia,a strong and asymmetrical immunostaining was also found.Co-IP analysis showed that there was a direct interaction between Fzd2 and Wnt1 in the ovarian oocytes.Together,the results over clearly demonstrated the expression and localization of Wnt1 and Fzd2 in a cell-specific manner and their ligand-receptor relation,implying the important roles during ovarian follicular development.
Let's Stitch Me and You Together!: Designing a Photo Co-creation Activity to Stimulate Playfulness in the Workplace

We present a photo co-creation activity, called "Stitched Groupies," in a photo-taking and sharing platform deployed inside IBM. "Stitched Groupies" allow employees to take and combine photos with peers asynchronously across physical boundaries. In a 25-day exploratory field study with 50 users taking 68 half-photos (of which 52 were completed by others), we categorized themes such as Spliced Faces, Composed Scenes, Body Modifications, Inanimate Objects and Doppelgangers. Our results suggest that photo co-creation can stimulate playfulness and fun in the workplace.
Characteristics of Spontaneous Emissions Amplified by a High-Gain Laser Amplifier

The line-narrowing and line-rebroadening of the Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) in the high-gain He-Ne 3.39 pm laser amplifier and statistics of intensity fluctuations of the ASE were studied with emphasis on the transition region from the linear amplification to saturation.
Solution processed deposition of electron transport layers on perovskite crystal surface—A modeling based study

Abstract The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has reached up to ∼20%. However, structural and chemicals defects that lead to hysteresis in the perovskite based thin film pose challenges. Recent work has shown that thin films of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) deposited on the photo absorption layer, using solution processing techniques, minimize surface pin holes and defects thereby increasing the PCE. We developed and employed a multiscale model based on molecular dynamics (MD) and kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) to establish a relationship between deposition rate and surface coverage on perovskite surface. The MD simulations of PCBMs dispersed in chlorobenzene, sandwiched between (110) perovskite substrates, indicate that PCBMs are deposited through anchoring of the oxygen atom of carbonyl group to the exposed lead (Pb) atom of (110) perovskite surface. Based on rates of distinct deposition events calculated from MD, kMC simulations were run to determine surface coverage at much larger time and length scales than accessible by MD alone. Based on the model, a generic relationship is established between deposition rate of PCBMs and surface coverage on perovskite crystal. The study also provides detailed insights into the morphology of the deposited film.