cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Model of negative working photoresists as continuous tone photographic materials.

A four-parameter model is presented that describes the relief height response of negative working photo-resists. It is shown that the resist thickness after development is directly proportional to the logarithm of the exposure over a wide range of exposures. A relationship between this thickness and exposure is derived and shown to predict resist response. Resists can usefully record exposures that vary by a factor of 10 million making them ideal materials for recording wide dynamic ranges. Several applications using these unique properties are presented.
The Gated Optical Multichannel Analyzer (OMA) For Time Resolved Spectroscopy

AbstractTime resolution in the range from less than 50 nanoseconds to 1 millisecond is readily achieved by use ofa Gated Optical Multichannel Analyzer (OMA). The OMA has high sensitivity from the vacuum ultra violet tothe near infra red. Shutter ratios in excess of 106 are obtained under some conditions. Linear operation hasbeen shown for CW and pulsed sources. The pulsed source case was investigated for rapidly pulsed sources andfor sources pulsed at intervals. Overall system gamma was unity within 2 %.IntroductionThe Optical Multichannel Analyzer (OMA) is a family of electro- optical instruments manufactured by Prince-ton Applied Research Corporation (PARC), primarily for spectral analysis from the vacuum ultra violet to near infra red. A gated OMA consists of a control console, a single or two stage intensified silicon target imagetube detector, and a high voltage pulse generator. The data acquisition is done in three phases, gating theintensifier on to allow signal to reach the silicon target, reading the target, and storing the data in thedigital memory of the OMA console. PARC offers two gatable detectors, the model 1205D Silicon IntensifiedTarget (SIT), and the model 1205I Intensified Silicon Intensifier Target (ISIT) detectors. A gating pulser,the model 1211 High Voltage Pulse Generator, is also offered. The data and results presented here were ac-quired with this equipment.Gated OMAs are convenient and powerful instrument configurations for acquiring time resolved spectra orother transient optical signals. System time resolution to 50 nanoseconds is routinely achieved.OMAs are used in time domains from very fast timing to continuous real time operation to single exposuresof hour lengths. Some experimenters have done picosecond timing with very clever experimental techniques(1,2)which avoid both gating and use of a streak camera. OMAs have also been used with streak cameras(3,4), andwith gating techniques different from described here(5.6). One of the first applications of the gating tech-nique described here was probably the most unconventional of all OMA, time resolved spectroscopy applications,real time density spectra in an ultra centrafuge(7). Gating is used to acquire single time slices in the timerange from a few nanoseconds to milliseconds. It differs from the other time resolution techniques in thatthe OMA system itself does the time selection.OperationFigure 1 shows a cross section of a target detector; an optical signal is passed via the fiberoptics faceplate point by point to the photocathode. Photoelectrons emitted from the cathode are accelerated by about10KV before they hit the phosphor. These three elements are analogous to a triode vacuum tube. The PARCmodel 1205D silicon intensified target detector has a single stage with a silicon target at the electron
The use of simple solutions in the regularization of hypersingular boundary integral equations

The normal derivative of the boundary integral equation pertaining to a harmonic function, or a hypersingular boundary integral equation, is regularized by the use of two simple solutions on an arbitrary domain. This regularization produces a form convenient for computation and requires no explicit evaluation for finite part integrals. The equation is specialized for the case of linear elements, and some sample problems are given to illustrate the accuracy of the technique compared to the regular boundary element method. The procedure is easily extended to other, more complex problems.
Interstitial elements in titanium powder metallurgy: sources and control

The effect of interstitials on the mechanical properties of cast and wrought titanium alloys has been extensively reported but less information is available on the effect of contamination during PM processing. The sources of interstitial contamination when processing titanium powders by compaction, isostatic pressing, powder injection moulding (PIM) and innovative foaming processes are reviewed, focusing specifically on oxygen. The initial powder characteristics (surface area, size), process parameters (time, temperature) and environment (atmosphere, binder, support) may all have significant impact on the final interstitial content. It is, therefore, important to identify and control the sources of contamination by interstitials. A case study on PIM is provided to illustrate the relative contribution of the different sources.
Taste reactivity in high-alcohol-sensitive and low-alcohol-sensitive rats

High, low, and control alcohol-sensitive (HAS, LAS, CAS, respectively) rats were tested for their perception of the taste of alcohol using the taste reactivity test. Reactivity tests with a single concentration of sucrose and quinine were also done. After initial taste reactivity, all rats were tested for alcohol consumption in a standard two-bottle test (water in the second bottle). Postconsumption taste reactivity tests completed the experiment. Results indicated that HAS, LAS, and CAS rats did not differ significantly in their taste reactivity response to a range of alcohol concentrations (5-40%), nor did they differ significantly in response to sucrose or quinine. Reactivity responses were similar for each group before and after the consumption tests. Despite the lack of line differences in taste reactivity, HAS and LAS rats consumed significantly less alcohol than the CAS rats during the two-bottle access tests. The present results are in contrast to research done with rats selectively bred for alcohol consumption (Alcohol Preferring and Nonpreferring rats, High Alcohol Drinking and Low Alcohol Drinking rats), which exhibit clear line differences in patterns of reactivity changes following alcohol access. The selection phenotype of alcohol sensitivity appears to be independent of rats' behavioral response to the taste of alcohol.
Chronic Noise Exposure and Reading Deficits: The Mediating Effects of Language Acquisition

First- and second-grade schoolchildren chronically exposed to aircraft noise have significant deficits in reading as indexed by a standardized reading test administered under quiet conditions. Thes...
The digital atlas of American religion

In this demonstration-paper we introduce DAAR, the Digital Atlas of American Religion (www.religionatlas.org). The DAAR is a web-based research platform with innovative data exploration and visualization tools to support research in the humanities. Using a user-centered design approach, we incorporated historic religion data on adherence, membership, and congregations with historic census data and new religion typologies as the test-bed for the tools that we developed to establish the technology infrastructure and framework that can be used for other humanities data.
The formation of metal—carbon bonds via insertion reactions in gaseous negative ion/molecule reactions

Abstract The negative ion mass spectra under chemical ionization conditions for a series of copper(II), nickel(II), and cobalt(II) Schiff base complexes have been measured. Reagent gases employed include methane, isobutane, and methane- d 4 . For all complexes, molecular negative ions were produced with all three reagent gases via secondary electron capture processes. Ion/molecule reactions between the molecular negative ion and the neutral reactant gas appear to be the dominant processes for the formation of secondary ions. The secondary reactions lead to the incorporation of the CH 2 moiety into the nickel(II) complexes and the CH 3 group into the cobalt(II) compounds.
Oxygen-permeable dense membrane reactor for the oxidative coupling of methane.

Abstract A perovskite material (BaCe0.8Gd0.2O3) in powder form, with both electronic and ionic conductivity, was synthesized by the ethylene glycol method. A dense membrane tube was fabricated using a plastic extrusion technique. The oxygen permeances of the dense membrane tube were measured as functions of temperature and oxygen partial pressure on the feed side. In the temperature range of 688–955°C, the oxygen flux showed an approximately exponential dependence on temperature. The oxygen flux increased proportionally to the natural logarithm of the ratio of oxygen partial pressures across the membrane. Experimental results for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) to C2 hydrocarbons, in the absence of additional catalyst, showed that this material has fairly good catalytic activity for the OCM reaction. The maximum yield to C2 hydrocarbons that was obtained was 16%, which compares favorably to prior dense membrane studies.
National security issues and US presidential elections, 1992–2008

Have the 2001 terrorist attacks and two wars continued to affect the partisan salience of national security issues in US elections? Was the impact of these issues in 2008 overshadowed by renewed focus on the part of voters to domestic conditions and policy issues? This study addresses these questions using recently-released data from the National Election Studies. Building from scholarship on the partisan politics of national security, we seek to incorporate two competing theoretical perspectives on these issues. We consider the 2008 contest in conjunction with the four elections that preceded it to take into account the impact of recent historical events and evaluate key hypotheses. The analysis offers new findings regarding the over-time pattern of influence of national security conflicts on voter choice. We find evidence for the importance of national security issues in the 2008 election, alongside established sources of voter preferences. Implications for theory and research are discussed in conclusion.
Staging Is More Important than Perturbation Method for Computation of Enthalpy and Entropy Changes in Complex Systems

Entropy and enthalpy compensation are frequently observed in thermodynamic measurements. To understand the molecular details of these compensating changes, molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo methods may, in principle, be used. Yet, in practice, computational methods to evaluate changes in entropy and enthalpy usually have much greater (e.g. order of magnitude worse) error than relative free energy calculations. In this paper, we examine ways to improve the computational ability to determine changes in both enthalpy and entropy. Toward that end we consider five different perturbation schemes for enthalpy determination and also consider the relative importance of staging the computation (i.e., dividing the entire perturbation calculation into a series of consecutive smaller ones) along the reaction coordinate. Two model systems are used for evaluation: a system of Lennard-Jones spheres, where the computation is directed to the addition/deletion of a sphere, and the alchemical transformation of an anion in e...
A simple technique for estimating cubic foot volume yields

A simple stand volume yield equation based on easily obtained stand level parameters was found to provide reasonably accurate estimates of cubic foot volume yields across a wide variety of growth and yield systems, historic yield tables and permanent plot data. Yield estimates based on stand basal area per hectare and average dominant height were generally within 5% of yields obtained from two popular growth and yield simulators for plantation grown southern pines. Hardwood yield estimates were found to be within 10% of existing historic yield tables, a hardwood growth simulator, and existing permanent plot data.
Preoperative autologous donation versus cell salvage in the avoidance of allogeneic transfusion in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy.

There are many methods for preventing allogeneic blood administration during radical retropubic prostatectomy, and many of these methods have been compared with each other, but no studies have compared preoperative autologous donation (PAD) and cell salvage (CS). In this study, we evaluated these two methods in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy. In a prospective cohort model, allogeneic exposure in patients from one surgeon who routinely had his patients donate blood before surgery was compared with that in patients from a different surgeon who predominantly used CS. Fifty patients were enrolled in the study: 26 in the PAD group and 24 in the CS group. No difference in allogeneic exposure was seen between the two groups. A significant difference was seen in the volume of red blood cells lost (891 ± 298 mL versus 1134 ± 358 mL in the PAD and CS groups, respectively). We conclude that PAD and CS are equivalent in their ability to avoid allogeneic transfusion. Larger surgical blood loss in the CS group would suggest that in a more rigorously designed study, CS might provide better allogeneic avoidance than PAD.
Pathological improvement of IgA nephropathy and Henoch‐Schönlein purpura nephritis with urokinase therapy

The pathological findings of 13 patients with immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy or Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis before and after urokinase (UK) administration were investigated retrospectively. The mean activity index value decreased significantly at the time of the second biopsy compared with that of the biopsy before UK treatment. The mean chronicity index value, which was considered to reflect the renal outcome, before and after UK treatment did not change significantly, although it improved significantly in six patients. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that the immune deposition of C3 decreased, but that of IgA and fibrin-related antigen were unchanged, by UK therapy. These results suggest that UK may prevent the mesangial proliferation associated with IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis not only by its fibrinolytic action, but also by other mechanisms, such as digestion of the mesangial matrices.
Adult intussusception with autoamputation and preservation of bowel continuity.

We present a case of adult intussusception with autoamputation and preservation of bowel continuity. Our patient, a 65-year-old man, passed a 65-cm segment of large bowel per anus with spontaneous recovery and with a two-month follow-up free of symptoms secondary to the intussusception. Mesenteric ischemia secondary to angiography with distal embolization two weeks prior to the event may have been a precipitating factor in this unusual form of intussusception
Designing collaboration: comparing cases exploring cultural probes as boundary-negotiating objects

This paper examines the use of cultural probes as a method for fostering collaboration within groups of diverse experts working on creative projects. Using two case examples, we show that probes -- short, oblique, and at times whimsical sets of activity prompts - have boundary object properties that can jumpstart interdisciplinary and cross-functional exchange. The first case explores how social scientists and designers used a smartphone-based scavenger hunt activity to gather insights for a workshop on organizational innovation. The second case examines how artist/scientist pairs utilized probe-like prompts to develop short performances for an arts festival. Drawing together theoretical views on boundary objects and cultural probes, we suggest that designed experiences such as probes can create opportunities for both boundary work and the establishment of common ground, which is increasingly vital in the highly collaborative contexts that define work today.
Online social networking: A primer for radiology

Online social networking is an immature, but rapidly evolving industry of web-based technologies that allow individuals to develop online relationships. News stories populate the headlines about various websites which can facilitate patient and doctor interaction. There remain questions about protecting patient confidentiality and defining etiquette in order to preserve the doctor/patient relationship and protect physicians. How much social networking-based communication or other forms of E-communication is effective? What are the potential benefits and pitfalls of this form of communication? Physicians are exploring how social networking might provide a forum for interacting with their patients, and advance collaborative patient care. Several organizations and institutions have set forth policies to address these questions and more. Though still in its infancy, this form of media has the power to revolutionize the way physicians interact with their patients and fellow health care workers. In the end, physicians must ask what value is added by engaging patients or other health care providers in a social networking format. Social networks may flourish in health care as a means of distributing information to patients or serve mainly as support groups among patients. Physicians must tread a narrow path to bring value to interactions in these networks while limiting their exposure to unwanted liability.
Career Preparation and the Political Science Major: Evidence from Departments

We know little about the amount of career preparation offered to students in political science departments. This lack of information is particularly troubling given the state of the current job market and the growth of applied degree programs on university campuses. To address this issue, this article presents the results of a December 2010 survey of 279 political science department chairs that asked questions about the level of career preparation in their respective departments. Based on our empirical findings, we believe that political science departments are not doing enough to address their students' career preparation. Our results demonstrate that most departments rely on voluntary internships and faculty advisers to address career-related issues for political science majors. Only a few departments use required internships, required resumes, specific classes related to career preparation, and social media sites such as Facebook and LinkedIn to support career preparation. We also found substantial differences in career preparation across department type (BA, MA, and PhD) and between public and private universities, urban and rural universities, and universities with different average SAT scores. Our findings should interest faculty and administrators who are concerned with different approaches to career preparation on college campuses.
The demand for student loans in higher education: A study of preferences and attitudes

This empirical study examined postsecondary-student attitudes and preferences regarding five discrete student loan plans and loan plan features. Certain demographic variables were examined for their relationship to student attitudes toward the various loan plans. The study addressed the following questions: What debt ceiling do students identify as acceptable? Are students willing to indebt themselves over an extended time span? What percent of annual income do they feel reasonably can be applied to loan repayment? Will students alter their repayment plan choices given additional and more detailed information about loan options? A random sample of 218 recipients of federal higher education loans during the 1973–74 academic year was drawn from the population of 6,765 undergraduate borrowers at the University Park Campus of the Pennsylvania State University.
A maxillary laser-welded component removable partial denture: a clinical report.

Component removable partial dentures (RPDs) are fabricated in pieces and assembled on the definitive cast. The treatment modality described is believed by the authors to optimize the passive fit and frictional retention of the RPD. Increased frictional retention and stability is believed to improve the clinical performance of the RPD. Patients may thereby benefit from more esthetic and more durable prostheses. (J Prosthet Dent 2009;101:1-6)
Molecular analysis of non-specific protection against murine malaria induced by BCG vaccination.

Although the effectiveness of BCG vaccination in preventing adult pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) has been highly variable, epidemiologic studies have suggested that BCG provides other general health benefits to vaccinees including reducing the impact of asthma, leprosy, and possibly malaria. To further evaluate whether BCG immunization protects against malarial parasitemia and to define molecular correlates of this non-specific immunity, mice were vaccinated with BCG and then challenged 2 months later with asexual blood stage Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL (PyNL) parasites. Following challenge with PyNL, significant decreases in parasitemia were observed in BCG vaccinated mice relative to naive controls. To identify immune molecules that may be associated with the BCG-induced protection, gene expression was evaluated by RT-PCR in i) naive controls, ii) BCG-vaccinated mice, iii) PyNL infected mice and iv) BCG vaccinated/PyNL infected mice at 0, 1, 5, and 9 days after the P. yoelii infection. The expression results showed that i) BCG immunization induces the expression of at least 18 genes including the anti-microbial molecules lactoferrin, eosinophil peroxidase, eosinophil major basic protein and the cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP); ii) an active PyNL infection suppresses the expression of important immune response molecules; and iii) the extent of PyNL-induced suppression of specific genes is reduced in BCG-vaccinated/PyNL infected mice. To validate the gene expression data, we demonstrated that pre-treatment of malaria parasites with lactoferrin or the cathelicidin LL-37 peptide decreases the level of PyNL parasitemias in mice. Overall, our study suggests that BCG vaccination induces the expression of non-specific immune molecules including antimicrobial peptides which may provide an overall benefit to vaccinees by limiting infections of unrelated pathogens such as Plasmodium parasites.
Reduction of Jet Penetration in a Cross-Flow by Using Tabs

A tab placed suitably on a nozzle that produces a jet in a cross-flow can reduce the penetration of the jet. This effect, achieved when the tab is placed on the windward side of the nozzle relative to the cross flow, may be of interest in film cooling applications. Wind tunnel experiments are carried out, in the momentum ratio (J) range of 10-90, to investigate the tab geometry that would maximize this effect. The preliminary results show that a 'delta tab' having a base width approximately fifty percent of the nozzle diameter may be considered optimum. With a given tab size, the effect is more pronounced at higher J. Reduction in jet penetration by as much as 40% is observed. Comparable reduction in jet penetration is also obtained when a triangular shaped tab is placed flush with the tunnel wall or with its apex tilted down into the jet nozzle (the 'delta tab' being the configuration in which the apex is tilted up). However, the delta tab involves the least flow blockage and pressure loss. Relative to the baseline case, the lateral spreading of the jet is found to be more with the delta tab but less with other orientations of the tab.
The penetration of radiolabeled substances into rabbit brain from subarachnoid space.

Summary The penetration of several radioactive compounds into rabbit brain tissue, after 30 min of subarachnoid perfusion, has been studied. The profile of penetration was followed in 6 successive slices, each 0.5 mm thick, from the pial surface inward. Water, urea, mannitol, inulin and sulfate showed a uniform diffusional pattern of movement through the brain parenchyma. Cycloleucine, AIBA, deoxyglucose and 3-O-methylglucose showed a biphasic curve in semilogarithmic plot and a curve with a progressively less negative slope in error function plot; both curves show faster penetration in deeper slices. Diffusion coefficients in the brain tissue were calculated for the compounds showing linear patterns of penetration. The space of distribution of the different compounds was calculated by extrapolating to the tissue-fluid interface the values obtained at increasing distances from the perfusion surface. The significance of these findings in relation to the role of the CSF as a source and sink of materials within the brain is presented.
Writing Mixed Research Reports

For many researchers, writing the research report is among the most difficult steps. When writing about a mixed methods research study, researchers have had little guidance for how to structure the manuscript. Thus, the purpose of this article is to present multiple approaches to reporting information from a mixed research study. Recommendations for mixed research writing from the extant literature are delineated, and 12 themes that were identified across these texts are presented. The multitude of approaches and organizational possibilities for the mixed research report are explored. Emphasis is placed on allowing the researcher to be creative in her or his presentation of a mixed methods research report.
SU-E-J-60: Comparison of CT-On-Rails and a 3D Surface Imaging System for Image Guided Pelvic Radiation Therapy for Both Supine and Prone Patient Positions.

Purpose: We investigate the feasibility of using AlignRT for pelvic radiationimage guidance. The uniqueness of our study is that all patients have multiple CT‐on‐rails (CTOR) scans to compare corresponding AlignRT images to. Methods: Ten patients receiving pelvic radiation were enrolled in this study. Two simulation CT scans were performed in supine and prone positions for each patient. Body surface contours were generated in treatment planning system and exported to AlignRT to serve as reference images. The patient was aligned to treatment isocenter with room lasers, and then scanned with both CTOR and AlignRT in both supine and prone positions. Image guidance shifts were calculated for both modalities by comparison to the simulation CT and the differences between them were analyzed. These procedures were performed for each patient once per week for five weeks. The average and maximum difference of displacement between AlignRT and CTOR were calculated for each patient. Results: For supine position, there are 4 patients who had the average difference of displacement between AlignRT and CTOR along any direction (vertical, longitudinal, and lateral) greater than 0.5cm, and 1 patient greater than 1cm. For prone position, there are 7 patients who had the average difference greater than 0.5cm, and 3 patients greater than 1cm. For supine position, there are 4 patients who had the maximum difference great than 1cm. For prone position, there are 9 patients who had the maximum difference greater than 1 cm. The difference of displacement between AlignRT and CTOR is greater for prone position than for supine position. Conclusions: AlignRT does not appear to be an advisable image guidance approach for pelvic radiation therapy for patients with either supine or prone position. There appears to be a potential for large alignment discrepancies (up to 2.25 cm) between AlignRT and CTOR.
Non-Classical Law of the Iterated Logarithm Behaviour for Trimmed Sums

We study the law of the iterated logarithm for the partial sum of i.i.d. random variables when the r n largest summands are excluded, where r n=o(log logn). This complements earlier work in which the case log logn=O(rn) was considered. A law of the iterated logarithm is again seen to prevail for a wide class of distributions, but for reasons quite different from previously.
Specular Decomposition of Active Sonar Returns using Combined Waveforms

We describe a new active sonar processor that obtains simultaneously fine range and Doppler resolution by fusing data from sequentially transmitted linear frequency-modulated (LFM) and CW waveforms. We model the received data as returns from a small number of point-reflectors and fuse returns from the two waveforms using a novel formulation that assumes common amplitude and random phase (CARP). We demonstrate the method using simulated data.
Global attractivity in delay differential equations using a mixed monotone technique

Abstract We derive new sufficient conditions for global attractivity in nonlinear delay differential equations using a mixed monotone technique. The equations considered include the equation of the form d dt [x(t) − ax(t − τ)] = − μx(t) − bx(t − σ) + f(x(t − γ)) , where a, b, μ, −, σ, and γ are nonnegative numbers such that a ϵ [0, 1), b + μ > 0 and λ(1 − ae−λτ) = − μ − be− λσ has a negative root; moreover f(x) is a mixed monotone function, that is, f(x) = ω(x, x), where ω(x, y) is monotone decreasing in x and increasing in y. Our results are applied to some delay differential equations from mathematical biology.
Enhancing the performance of a point-of-care CD4+ T-cell counting microchip through monocyte depletion for HIV/AIDS diagnostics.

CD4+ T cell counts are important tests used to stage HIV-postive patients, enabling clinicians to make informed antiretroviral treatment decisions and to monitor the therapeutic outcomes. However, state-of-the-art CD4 counting methods based on flow cytometry are not applicable in resource-limited settings, due to their high cost and technical requirements. In previous work, we reported the development of a cell isolation microchip that can be used at the point of care for CD4 counts. In that microfluidic chip, CD4+ T cells were separated from 10 µL of whole blood, and enumerated via either light microscopy or impedance sensing. The microchip counts matched flow cytometry results in the intermediate CD4 count range, between 200–800 cells/µL, but displayed a positive bias at absolute CD4 counts below 200 cells/µL, due largely to monocyte contamination. To enhance the performance in the low CD4 count range, we report here an improved design of a two-stage microfluidic device to deplete monocytes from whole blood, followed by CD4+ T cell capture. Using the double-stage device combined with a high viscosity rinsing solution, we obtained microchip CD4 counts comparable to flow cytometry results in the full clinically relevant range. In addition to CD4 counting, the strategy of contaminant depletion prior to target cell isolation can be easily adapted to immunoaffinity capture of other cell types that lack a unique surface marker from a complex biological fluid.
Thermal laser-assisted balloon angioplasty of the superficial femoral artery: a multicenter review of 602 cases.

Abstract A multicenter review of 602 procedures was performed to evaluate the effects of thermal laser-assisted balloon angioplasty on the superficial femoral artery. Four hundred thirty-nine (73%) patients underwent laser-assisted balloon angioplasty for claudication, and 163 (27%) underwent the procedure for limb salvage. Two hundred ninety-two laser-assisted balloon angioplasty procedures were performed for multifocal stenotic disease (>80%) diameter reduction), 258 for total occlusion, and 52 procedures for both superficial femoral artery stenosis and occlusion. The initial recanalization rate was 89% (538/602) depending on the length of the lesion. Success of laser-assisted balloon angioplasty was verified by angioscopy or arteriography, and all patients underwent segmental Doppler studies before discharge and during midterm follow-up extending to 30 months (mean, 11.3 months). Complications occurred in 62 (10%) patients, but only one limb amputation occurred because of a complication related to a laser-assisted balloon angioplasty. Overall, 60% of initially successful procedures have remained patent, but long segment (>7 cm) occlusions have fared poorly (25% patency at 30 months). This minimally invasive technology affords the opportunity to treat short segment (
Precipitation Variability and Surface-Mine Reclamation in the Green, Powder and San Juan River Basins

Abstract Federal and state legislation requires the reclamation of surface-mined lands. Reclamation usually involves landscape shaping and revegetation. In arid and semiarid regions, climate exerts considerable influence on revegetation facility. This report focuses on spatial and temporal precipitation variabilities for coal resources regions of the Green, Powder and San Juan river basin areas of the western United States. Climatological data and derivative maps show nearly a fourfold difference in annual precipitation and more than a sixfold difference in growing-season precipitation between stations in the Green River Basin. There is more than a twofold difference in annual precipitation and nearly a twofold difference in growing-season precipitation between stations in the Powder River Basin. There is nearly a fivefold difference in annual precipitation and inure than a threefold difference in growing-season precipitation between stations in the San Juan River Basin. Precipitation also varies annually...
Case study: A combination therapy using Collagenase Santyl and Natural Type I Collagen in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers

woundwith sterile gauze or applicator stick, once daily. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed at each visit to evaluate the patient’s wound until granular base free of necrotic debris was seen. During clinical checkups, care was taken not to use iodine or silver in dressings over collagenase ointment. Results: Following the daily application of collagenase, the wound exhibited marked improvement, granulation tissue and a decrease in wound surface area. Conclusions: Introductory data suggests that collagenase ointment as a preliminary treatment on a chronic diabetic foot ulcer is successful in removing necrotic debris without damaging healthy tissue. Results show a decrease in surface area of the wound free of necrotic debris and increased granulation tissue. Although the use of collagenase as a preliminary treatment prepares the wound for proper healing in chronic diabetic ulcers, other treatments methods should be used subsequently for the complete healing of the wound.
Two distinct classes of CCAAT box elements that bind nuclear factor-Y/α-actinin-4: potential role in human CYP1A1 regulation

Abstract A negative regulatory element (NRE1; position −794 to −774) was previously identified that mediates the downregulation of CYP1A1 , including partial suppression of Ah receptor-dependent induction. The CCAAT-box binding protein, nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y), is a component of one of two protein complexes that specifically and competitively bind the CYP1A1 NRE1 in vitro with nearly equal affinity. The second complex involves an unidentified protein(s) called the negative regulatory factor (NRF). Competitive electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) revealed two distinct classes of NF-Y-binding CCAAT-box elements distinguished by their ability or inability to also bind NRF. To further explore the identity of NRE1-binding proteins, a purification scheme was developed culminating in NRE1-dependent DNA affinity chromatography and sequence analysis. An approximate 106-kDa protein was purified and shown to be α-actinin-4 (ACTN4), one of two ubiquitously expressed non-muscle actinins. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays combined with Western blot analysis and co-immunoprecipitation experiments suggested that ACTN4 is associated with the NF-Y complex, but not NRF. Attempts to demonstrate a role for NF-Y/ACTN4 in regulating CYP1A1 expression were unsuccessful, likely due to an inability to significantly change nuclear ACTN4 levels with phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase agonists and antagonists. However, given ACTN4's known functions and the suspected functions of actin and actin-related proteins in chromatin remodeling and other nuclear events, ACTN4 may assist NF-Y in recruiting chromatin-remodeling complexes or may direct NF-Y/ACTN4-targeted genes to the nuclear matrix and active transcriptional complexes.
Amino acid analysis using DABS-CL

Pre-column derivatization followed by reversed-phase HPLC has become widely used as a sensitive and speedy method of amino acid analysis. The technique has been improved by the development of simple and reproducible strategies for derivatization of the amino acids with DABS and for the HPLC analysis. Results obtained indicate that the method has a high sensitivity is well and suited to generate precise amino acid composition information from peptides and proteins.
Cultura in the modern city: the microgeographies of gender, class, and generation in the costa rican plaza

This article examines the microgeographies of everyday life in Parque Central and Plaza de la Cultura, two plazas located in the central city of San Jose, Costa Rica. These locales are created by the individual temporal and spatial attributes of plaza users whose daily movements and activities define these spaces. The growing differences of these locales in terms of the users' class, gender, and age, and their corresponding social activities, is reinforced by differences in local interpretations of the concept of cultura. These social, behavioral, and ideological differences have created spatial boundaries such that people do not cross from one locale to the other, the users do not overlap, and their representations of cultural life are seen as competitive and mutually exclusive. Based on ethnographic evidence, I suggest that this differentiation is a constructed spatial representation that symbolizes the changing nature of Costa Rican ideology and culture. The contrasting and often conflicting images of the two plazas reflect important differences in class-orientation, gender participation, and generational values that separate contemporary Costa Ricans socially, and politically. In San Jose, Costa Rica, cultura is often discussed as a value from the past, a cultural ideal that is desired, but that conflicts with aspects of modern life. In order to discuss how cultura remains a cultural theme in the urban plaza the everyday life and social behaviors of Parque Central and Plaza de la Cultura are compared. In this comparison time, space, and social activity change the meaning and interpretation of cultura reinforcing the contrasting metaphors expressed in the physical design of each.
COMT Val/Met genotype associations with treatment response from a randomized clinical trial of CBT4CBT

significance (r=0.125). In contrast, scores on the Mystical Experience Questionnaire correlated moderately highly with spiritual significance ratings (r=0.658) but not with degree of difficulty (r=0.198). Consistent with known effects of psilocybin, participants endorsed visual effects (61%) and auditory (23%) and visual (21%) synesthesia. Anomalous experiences were endorsed, including: interactionswithentities/personsnotphysicallypresent (29%), convincing experiences of prior lives (10%), and experiences of Jamais vu (17%). 11% reported that they put themselves or others at risk for physical harm during the experience. Conclusions: Participants completed a survey about their most challenging experience after psilocybin. Scores of challenging experience and mystical experience showed different patterns of correlations. Visual and auditory effects and unusual phenomenology were reported. Financial support: NIH T32DA007209 and R01DA003889, and Heffter Research Institute.
Spotted Cutworm: Simulated Damage to Apples

Simulated damage (artificial debudding) was used to establish preliminary economic injury threshold for Amathes c-nigrum (L.) in ‘Red Delicious’ apple trees. Production was unaffected by 2 levels of debudding. 50 and 75%, but the debudding produced a significant increase in fruit size and number of new shoots. Injury at the high level for 2 consecutive years caused a substantial (97%) loss of return bloom the 3rd year; however, there were sufficient blossoms to set a normal crop the 3rd year.
Top emerging technologies for self-powered nanosystems: nanogenerators and nanopiezotronics

Developing wireless nanodevices and nanosystems are of critical importance for sensing, medical science, defense technology and even personal electronics. Power sources are indispensable for independent, sustainable, maintain-free and continuous operations of implantable biosensors, ultrasensitive chemical and biomolecular sensors, nanorobotics, micro-electromechanical systems, remote and mobile environmental sensors, homeland security and even portable/wearable personal electronics. It is highly desired for wireless devices and even required for implanted biomedical devices to be self-powered without using battery. This is a key step towards self-powered nanosystems [1]. The near future research is the integration of multi-functional nanodevices into a nanosystem so that it can function as a living species with capabilities of sensing, controlling, communicating and actuating/responding. A nanosystem is composed of not only nanodevices but also nano-power-source (or nano-battery). We now consider the following occasions. In cases where individual sensors are difficult to get to (e.g., in hostile territory), or if the sensor network consists of a large number of nodes distributed over a large geographic area, then it may not be possible to replace batteries when required. A self sufficient power source deriving its power from the environment and thus not requiring any maintenance would be very desirable. In order for any system to be self sufficient, it must harness its energy from its surrounding environment and store this harnessed energy for later use. The goal for nanotechnology is to build self-powered nanosystems that exhibit ultrasmall size, supersensitivity, extraordinary multi-functionality and extremely low power consumption.
An Exploratory Study of the Effects of Gender on Student Learning and Class Participation in an Internet-Based MBA Course:

Internet-based instruction is gaining acceptance as an alternative to the traditional classroom setting. However, since it is a relatively new means of communicating knowledge, research on its effectiveness is still in its infancy. This means that questions that have been thoroughly studied for traditional classrooms may need to be revisited for internet-based courses. One question is: Do men and women have differing levels of learning and participation in an internet-based course? In an initial attempt to answer this question, this study reports on the results of comparing men and women in an asynchronous MBA course. There were no significant differences in learning, and moderately significant differences in class participation. Men reported more difficulty interacting in the course, and interaction difficulty was a significant predictor of class participation. The article concludes by using the findings to provide implications and recommendations for institutions seeking to develop internet-based course...
Rapid Construction of Capsid-Modified Adenoviral Vectors Through Bacteriophage λ Red Recombination

There are extensive efforts to develop cell-targeting adenoviral vectors for gene therapy wherein endogenous cell-binding ligands are ablated and exogenous ligands are introduced by genetic means. ...
The fusion pore and mechanisms of biological membrane fusion

Abstract Membrane fusion occurs as part of processes as different as synaptic neurotransmitter transmission and infection with influenza virus. Recent evidence paints a picture in which the organization of proteins into a macromolecular scaffold brings the two fusing membranes together and induces hemifusion, that is, the fusion of the apposing leaflets of the two membranes to form a common bilayer. A small dynamic fusion pore forms in the common bilayer and usually expands to allow complete membrane merging. The mechanisms of fusion appear to be remarkably similar in exocytosis and virus-induced fusion. During exocytotic fusion, there is an additional twist to the mechanism as sometimes the fusion pores close after release of small non-quantal amounts of secretory products.
Transections involving the direct subiculum-anterior thalamic fibers: effects on cue utilization in the straight alley.

The effect of transecting fornix fibers bound for the anterior thalamic nuclei on the ability of rats to respond to changes in reward magnitude, tactile stimuli, and aversive olfactory cues was assessed. Animals with this damage failed to respond differentially to upshifts and downshifts in reward magnitude maintaining maximal running speeds throughout testing. Passive avoidance and extinction deficits also were exhibited by transected animals. However, these same animals were capable of responding to changes in the tactile stimuli of the alley floor. In all tests the performance of transected animals was different from that of controls only in the early parts of the alley. These results extend the similarities between the behavioral effects of hippocampal lesions and those that follow transections involving the fornix—thalamic fibers traveling in the postcommissural fornix.
Microwave Spectra and Gas-Phase Structural Parameters of Bis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)tungsten Dihydride

Microwave spectra for 11 isotopomers of bis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)tungsten dihydride ((C5H5)2WH2) were recorded in the 5−14 GHz region using a Flygare−Balle-type pulsed beam spectrometer. Spectra ari...
Assays for Cholinergic Properties in Cultured Rat Schwann Cells

Cultured rat Schwann cells did not contain detectable levels of choline acetyltransferase (less than 0.5 pmol ACh min^(-1) mg^(-1) of protein) or of acetylcholinesterase and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. After adding Schwann cells to primary rat myotube cultures, the level of cholineacetyl transferase in the co-cultures increased after three weeks to as high as 5 pmol ACh min^(-1) mg^(-1) . The activity appearing in co-cultures sedimented at approximately 4S, and was inhibited 50% by 4(1-napthylvinyl) pyridine in the concentration range of 10-50 μM. After treatment of co-cultures with anti rat neural antigen-1 (RAN-1) and complement, 70-80% of the activity was lost, suggesting that it is induced in the Schwann cells. Attempts to obtain the effect by exposure of Schwann cells to medium conditioned by the myotube cultures, or by co-culture with fibroblasts gave levels of activity at or below the limit of detection.
MORAL CAMPAIGNS, AUTHORITARIAN AESTHETICS, AND ESCALATION: AN EXAMINATION OF FLAG DESECRATION IN THE POST-EICHMAN ERA

In challenging freedoms afforded by the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, official campaigns to prohibit flag desecration have continued to surface on America's political landscape. With th...
Environmental Sustainability in and of Organizations

We note that the current intellectual, social, and economic milieu has led to general acceptance of environmental sustainability as one of the most important issues of our time. Environmental sustainability is a “big idea,” and it is “in the air” (Gladwell, 2008). Few industrial–organizational (I–O) psychologists disagree. However, there are many different ideas on the what, where, and how our field can contribute. We review facilitators, drivers, and barriers to environmental sustainability of organizations. We also discuss the ways in which cultural and international research can strengthen sustainability research and practice. In order to make a meaningful difference and positive environmental impact, I–O psychologists and HR practitioners need to focus on their unique skills and influence organizational environmental sustainability by designing and shaping work, workplaces, and workforces.