cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Plasma Antenna Options for Explosively-Driven Microwave Generators and Outline of Plasma Antenna Design

The development of portable microwave sources based upon explosively-driven generators requires the selection and design of an antenna that is well-suited to radiate the RF energy while meeting the very specific demands of the application. The magnetocumulative generator (MCG), which is often also called a flux-compression generator (FCG), the ferroelectric generator (FEG), and the ferromagnetic generator (FMG) convert the chemical energy of explosive materials into high-power electrical energy. Through power conditioning, the electrical energy converted from the explosive discharge can be radiated as microwaves. However, the extreme operating conditions for this application restrict the use of many conventional antennas and favor the use of some more unconventional plasma antenna systems. This paper provides an analysis of the viable plasma antenna options in which the plasma is actively radiating, as opposed to other designs in which plasma is used only to direct radiation from a metallic antenna. The four plasma antenna systems considered are based on laser-initiated ionization of atmosphere, confined plasma columns, silicon-based plasma, and an explosively-generated plasma jet. Each plasma antenna is analyzed on the device's operating principles, past experimental performances, and practical considerations when employed in an explosively-driven system. The explosively-generated plasma antenna is selected as the optimal plasma antenna for an explosively-driven mobile system. The explosively-generated plasma antenna has the favorable characteristics of having a common energy source with the explosive generators, being simple and durable in design to withstand the shock and thermal stresses of generator operation, relatively low mass and volume requirements, and high power capability. The significant radiating mechanisms of the explosively-generated plasma antenna and important plasma characteristics are outlined. The important considerations for the selection of explosive are detailed. Based upon the total plasma jet lifetime and the velocity of the combustion products in the jet, the minimal required mass of explosives is derived, completing the fundamental design parameters.
Digital Storytelling: Bringing Humanistic Inquiry to Management Studies.

This essay recounts how a teaching experiment with digital storytelling unexpectedly revealed how this humanistic genre enabled by contemporary technology might contribute to a more creative integration of business study with the liberal arts.
Efficient perceptual tuning of hearing aids with genetic algorithms

We describe a system for integrating a genetic algorithm (GA) with perceptual feedback to perform an efficient search in a perceptual space. The main system components are an efficient method for estimating perceptual rank order and genetic operators that take advantage of the types of parameters found in certain classes of audio processing systems. Preference judgments are used, resulting in a lightweight user interface. The application to subjectively fitting a portable hearing aid based solely on binary feedback is discussed. An experiment was conducted using eight normal and eight hearing impaired subjects. Three parameters were varied to control cancellation of acoustic feedback. The GA worked well for fitting this system, as indicated by both objective and subjective measures. In addition, users had greatly differing preferences for feedback cancellation parameters and these preferences did not change much when subjects were retested.
CONDITION DEPENDENCE, QUANTITATIVE GENETICS, AND THE POTENTIAL SIGNAL CONTENT OF IRIDESCENT ULTRAVIOLET BUTTERFLY COLORATION

Structural colors result from an interaction between light and the fine-scale physical structure of a surface, and are often extremely bright, chromatic, and iridescent. Given that these visual features depend upon the aggregate abundance and architectural precision of photonic structures, structurally colored sexual ornaments seem well placed to indicate a range of mate quality characteristics. We tested this hypothesis by investigating the signaling potential of structural coloration in the sexually dimorphic butterfly Colias eurytheme. Males of this species display iridescent ultraviolet (UV) markings (arising from multilayer thin films) that overlay a broad area of yellowish-orange pigmentation on their dorsal wing surface. Only the structural UV has demonstrated function as a sexual signal; hence we predicted that it should contain more reliable phenotypic and/or genetic quality information, which would be indicated by phenotypic and/or genetically mediated condition dependence. In two split-family breeding experiments we manipulated condition by exposing full siblings to different stressors at two different juvenile life-history stages: (1) reduced larval host-plant quality and (2) transient heat/cold shocks during metamorphosis. Both stressors had profound effects on key developmental and life-history traits. Each stressor also significantly affected male dorsal coloration; thus, the expression of both structural and pigmentary coloration is phenotypically condition dependent. As predicted, the strongest condition dependence was evident in the brightness and angular visibility (i.e., iridescence) of the UV. Characteristics of both the iridescent UV and pigmentary orange also exhibited moderate-high and significant heritability (H(2) approximately h(2) approximately 0.4-0.9). However, genetic and residual variances did not increase under stress; thus, the observed condition dependence was not genetically mediated as predicted if wing color trait signals "good" genes for the ability to either withstand or circumvent developmental stress. The heightened stress sensitivity of the iridescent UV suggests that it offers an informative lifetime indicator of juvenile environments and, henceforth, adult male phenotypic condition, which may be salient to females seeking a highly fertile and/or nutritious male ejaculate.
Some observations on the log-change index numbers and their connection with the factorial indexes

The paper makes a few comments on the characterizations of the log-change index numbers, and then builds up a link between the log-change indexes and the factorial indexes (Stuvel's indexes). It is also suggestedinter alia that log-change index numbers tend to ignore the effect of interaction between price and quantity (consumption) on the expenditure, in contrast to what is admitted by the factorial model.
Cachier: A Tool for Automatically Inserting CICO Annotations

Shared memory in a parallel computer provides programmers with the valuable abstraction of a shared address space--through which any part of a computation can access any datum Although uniform access simplifies programming, it also hides communication, which can lead to inefficient programs The check-in, check-out (CICO) performance model for cache-coherent, shared-memory parallel computers helps a programmer identify the communication underlying memory references and account for its cost CICO consists of annotations that a programmer can use to elucidate communication and a model that attributes costs to these annotations The annotations can also serve as directives to a memory system to improve program performance Inserting CICO annotations requires reasoning about the dynamic cache behavior of a program, which is not always easy This paper describes Cachier, a tool that automatically inserts CICO annotations into shared-memory programs A novel feature of this tool is its use of both dynamic information, obtained from a program execution trace, as well as static information, obtained from program analysis We measured several benchmarks annotated by Cachier by running them on a simulation of the DiriSW cache coherence protocol [10], which supports these directives The results show that programs annotated by Cachier perform significantly better than both programs without CICO annotations and programs that were annotated by hand
Alternative reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the procedure of choice for tumors of the head of the pancreas and periampulla. Despite advances in surgical technique and postoperative care, the procedure continues to carry a high morbidity rate. One of the most common morbidities is delayed gastric emptying with rates of 15%–40%. Following two prolonged cases of delayed gastric emptying, we altered our reconstruction to avoid this complication altogether. Subsequently, our patients underwent a classic pancreaticoduodenectomy with an undivided Roux-en-Y technique for reconstruction. We reviewed the charts of our last 13 Whipple procedures evaluating them for complications, specifically delayed gastric emptying. We compared the outcomes of those patients to a control group of 15 patients who underwent the Whipple procedure with standard reconstruction. No instances of delayed gastric emptying occurred in patients who underwent an undivided Roux-en-Y technique for reconstruction. There was 1 wound infection (8%), 1 instance of pneumonia (8%), and 1 instance of bleeding from the gastrojejunal staple line (8%). There was no operative mortality. Use of the undivided Roux-en-Y technique for reconstruction following the Whipple procedure may decrease the incidence of delayed gastric emptying. In addition, it has the added benefit of eliminating bile reflux gastritis. Future randomized control trials are recommended to further evaluate the efficacy of the procedure.
Crinoid Anchoring Strategies for Soft-Bottom Dwelling (seilacher and Macclintock, 2005)

In science, philandering is not downright illegal. Nevertheless, excursions into fields outside one's own specialty are always risky. Therefore we welcome the critical remarks of a respected crinoid expert. Our …
A Suppressor of Cell Death Caused by the Loss of σE Downregulates Extracytoplasmic Stress Responses and Outer Membrane Vesicle Production in Escherichia coli

When envelope biogenesis is compromised or damage to envelope components occurs, bacteria trigger signaling cascades, which lead to the production of proteins that combat such extracytoplasmic stresses. In Escherichia coli, there are three pathways known to deal with envelope stresses: the Bae, Cpx, and σE responses. Although the effectors of the Bae and Cpx responses are not essential in E. coli, the effector of the σE response, the sigma factor RpoE (σE), is essential for viability. However, mutations that suppress the lethality of an rpoE-null allele can be easily obtained, and here we describe how we have isolated at least four classes of these suppressors. We present the first description of one such suppressor class, loss-of-function mutations in ydcQ, a gene encoding a putative DNA-binding protein. In wild-type rpoE+ strains, ydcQ mutants have two distinct phenotypes: extracytoplasmic stress responses are significantly downregulated, and the production of outer membrane vesicles is severely reduced. We present a model in which σE is not essential per se but, rather, we propose that rpoE mutant cells die, possibly because they overreact to the absence of this σ factor by triggering a cell death signal.
Using David Lack’s Observations of Finch Beak Size to Teach Natural Selection & the Nature of Science

One of the key aspects of natural selection is competition, yet the concept of competition is not necessarily emphasized in explanations of natural selection. Because of this, we developed an activity for our class that focuses on competition and provides an example of the effects of competition on natural selection. This hands-on activity models the field study completed by David Lack on Darwin’s finches. By using this historical study, we also give students an example of the nature-of-science concept of multiple methods. Although this activity was created for a college introductory biology course, it is appropriate for high school. We also provide an additional objective for upper-level ecology and evolution courses.
High-capacity, self-assembled metal-oxide-semiconductor decoupling capacitors

We combine nanometer-scale polymer self assembly with advanced semiconductor microfabrication to produce metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors with accumulation capacitance more than 400% higher than planar devices of the same lateral area. The self assembly technique achieves this degree of enhancement using only standard processing techniques, thereby obviating additional process complexity. These devices are suitable for use as on-chip power supply decoupling capacitors, particularly in high-performance silicon-on-insulator technology.
Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in renal cell carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 2.6% of all cancers in the United States. While early stage disease is curable by surgery, the median survival of metastatic disease is only 13 months. In the last decade, there has been considerable progress in understanding the genetics of RCC. The VHL tumor suppressor gene is inactivated in the majority of RCC cases. The VHL protein (pVHL) acts as an E3 ligase that targets HIF-1, the hypoxia inducible transcription factor, for degradation by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). In RCC cases with mutant pVHL, HIF-1 is stabilized and aberrantly expressed in normoxia, leading to the activation of pro-survival genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This review will focus on the defect in the UPS that underlies RCC and describe the development of novel therapies that target the UPS. Publication history: Republished from Current BioData's Targeted Proteins database (TPdb; http://www.targetedproteinsdb.com ).
Female cooperation and conflict in rural Mali: effects on infant and child survival.

In an extended family context this paper examines the effects of female cooperation and conflict on infant and child welfare among the Bamanan and Fulbe ethnic groups in Mali. The author also explores the extent to which cultural norms of cooperation determine womens ability and desire to cooperate with one another to protect the children of the household. Data drawn from a comparative study of womens social networks and child and maternal health conducted between February 1996 to May 1997 were analyzed. Life history interviews were conducted among 24 women from each ethnic group. The findings indicated a prospective association between female dynamics within an extended family household and the survival chances of infants and children although the effects were inconsistent with cultural norms of cooperation. Moreover the decreasing childs risk of death among the Fulbe tribe was associated with increasing cooperation among sisters-in-law in the Fulbe tribe and among co-wives in the Bamanan tribe. This suggests a sensitivity of the collaboration pattern with the childs age. The author also noted variation in attitudes toward collective child care where biological children held a more important position in both tribes than the children of other women. Overall the results indicated that the norms of cooperation do not necessarily lead to the expected behavior.
Complexity in urban systems: ICT and transportation

The increasing importance of urban systems, and the accelerating integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) into urban infrastructure at all scales, create new and fundamental challenges for engineers and policymakers. While our understanding of the implications of these developments is quite primitive at this point, a promising approach is to select appropriate case studies that may then be generalized to other situations. One that immediately suggests itself is the complicated physical, functional, and cultural relationship between ICT and transportation infrastructures.
Mineralization and sorption of p‐nitrophenol in estuarine sediment

The sorption and mineralization of p-nitrophenol were studied in sediment from a Louisiana Gulf Coast estuary. The rate of mineralization of p-nitrophenol, as determined by 14CO2 release, was found to be several orders of magnitude faster under oxidized (aerobic) conditions than under reduced (anaerobic) conditions. The results also indicated a rapid sorption of the compound from the water column by the sediment and only minimal re-release. Due to sorption from the water columns and slow degradation of the compound in an anaerobic system, such as in bottom sediment, it is likely that this compound would persist for years in reduced estuarine sediment.
Concept and Evaluation of Hibernating Myocardium

Hibernating myocardium is a state of persistently impaired myocardial and left ventricular function at rest due to reduced coronary blood flows. It can be defined as an exquisitely regulated tissue successfully adapting its activity to prevailing circumstances. It has been documented in patients with angina (chronic stable and/or unstable), acute myocardial infarction, heart failure and/or severe left ventricular dysfunction, and anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. The diagnosis of hibernating myocardium involves (a) documenting left ventricular dysfunction at rest and (b) documenting that there is viable myocardium in the area of dysfunction. Tests commonly used for the latter are dobutamine echocardiography, 201Tl isotope studies, and positron image tomography. Revascularization, either by surgery or by interventional catheter techniques, has been shown to improve or normalize the abnormal left ventricular function at rest.
Photoelectron Events: A Doubly Stochastic Poisson Process or Theory of Photoelectron Statistics

In the previous chapter, we studied the classical statistical description of optical fields without any reference to the question of their measurement. In this chapter we study the statistical properties of photoelectrons that are generated when light illuminates a photodetector. If the light level is sufficiently low, then the photoelectrons can be treated as individual events, the statistics of whose occurrences have to be described by the techniques of point processes (Chap. 3).
Foreign Income and Domestic Deductions

To what extent should taxpayers deduct expenses incurred domestically that contribute to foreign income production? It is widely believed that if the home country does not tax foreign income, then ...
Five-Year Biochemical Results, Toxicity, and Patient-Reported Quality of Life After Delivery of Dose-Escalated Image Guided Proton Therapy for Prostate Cancer

Purpose To report clinical outcomes in patients treated with image guided proton therapy (PT) for localized prostate cancer. Methods and Materials The medical records of 1327 men were reviewed. Each man was enrolled on an outcomes tracking study. Dual enrollment on a prospective clinical trial was allowed. Each patient was treated for localized prostate cancer with PT at our institution between 2006 and 2010. Ninety-eight percent of patients received 78 Gy (radiobiological equivalent [RBE]) or higher; 18% received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The 5-year freedom from biochemical progression (FFBP), distant metastasis-free survival, and cause-specific survival rates are reported for each risk group. Data on patient-reported quality of life and high-grade toxicities were prospectively collected and reported. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify clinical predictors of biochemical failure and urologic toxicity. Results The median follow-up time was 5.5 years. The 5-year FFBP rates were 99%, 94%, and 74% in low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk patients, respectively. The actuarial 5-year rates of late grade 3+ Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0, gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicity were 0.6% and 2.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed a significant correlation between grade 3+ GU toxicity and pretreatment prostate reductive procedures ( P P =.0085), pretreatment α-blockers ( P =.0067), diabetes ( P =.0195), and dose–volume histogram parameters ( P =.0208). The median International Prostate Symptom Scores pretreatment scores and scores at 5 years after treatment were 7 and 7, respectively. The mean Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) scores significantly declined for sexual summary for patients not receiving ADT (from 67 to 53) between baseline and 5 years. Conclusions Image guided PT provided excellent biochemical control rates for patients with localized prostate cancer. The actuarial rates of high-grade toxicity were low after PT. From pretreatment to 5 years of follow-up, a significant decline was found only in mean EPIC sexual summary scores. Prospective clinical studies are needed to determine the comparative effectiveness of PT and other radiation treatment strategies.
Social search behavior in a social Q&A service: goals, strategies, and outcomes

Recent advancements in social technologies allow information seekers to reach out to a larger, more distributed group of people online when searching for information. In this study, people's question-asking behavior using a social Q&A service is conceptualized as social search behavior. We are particularly interested in investigating social search goals, strategies, tactics, informational outcomes, and social outcomes. We collected a total of 406 questions posted on Yahoo! Answers by 78 participants over one week. Interviews based on those questions and answers they received were conducted and content-analyzed. We identify five distinct search strategies and 15 tactics positioned on a continuum of two different dimensions in terms of answer quantity and answer quality. Pursuit of quantity or quality is influenced by five categories of goals identified in this study. The goals and associated strategies and tactics also influence people's perceived informational outcomes and social outcomes. Contributions of this study to the social search research community and implications for practitioners in the area of social Q&A services are discussed.
Elevated specific conductance enhances productivity and biomass of periphytic cyanobacteria from Lake Tahoe and Lake Tanganyika

Abstract Productivity of attached algae is limited by macronutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus when light is saturating. Attached algae can supplement the available dissolved inorganic nutrient pool through the production of intracellular and extracellular enzymes in order to sequester otherwise bio-unavailable forms of nitrogen and phosphorus. Increased cation concentration can potentially stimulate attached algal productivity through increased enzyme activity and increased nutrient uptake efficiency. We conducted a full factorial laboratory experiment to test the effects of increased cation concentration, measured as specific conductance, and phosphorus source (inorganic or organic) on productivity of algae collected from Lake Tahoe and Lake Tanganyika. We manipulated cation concentration using commercially available lake salts, primarily magnesium, calcium, and potassium. Algal dry mass and productivity were significantly higher in the elevated conductivity treatments regardless of whether the ph...
The Effect of Dietary Protein and Energy Levels upon Production of Single Comb White Leghorn Hens

ABSTRACT THE protein and energy requirements of the laying hen, as well as the relationship between these, have within recent years received considerable attention. Heuser et al. (1945) indicated that a feed containing 15 percent protein was adequate to support normal egg production. They also made the observation that some hens did as well on a low level of protein as on higher levels of protein, however the lower levels of protein resulted in a large number of birds with low annual egg production. Some of the more recent work has indicated that this level of protein may not be adequate to support maximum egg production. Reid et al. (1951) observed that an 18 percent protein feed was superior to a 13 or 15 percent protein feed when the diet was formulated to contain a relatively high level of energy. Milton and Ingram (1957) found that an 18 percent protein level . . .
Lamellipodin-Deficient Mice: A Model of Rectal Carcinoma

During a survey of clinical rectal prolapse (RP) cases in the mouse population at MIT animal research facilities, a high incidence of RP in the lamellipodin knock-out strain, C57BL/6-Raph1tm1Fbg (Lpd-/-) was documented. Upon further investigation, the Lpd-/- colony was found to be infected with multiple endemic enterohepatic Helicobacter species (EHS). Lpd-/- mice, a transgenic mouse strain produced at MIT, have not previously shown a distinct immune phenotype and are not highly susceptible to other opportunistic infections. Predominantly male Lpd-/- mice with RP exhibited lesions consistent with invasive rectal carcinoma concomitant to clinically evident RP. Multiple inflammatory cytokines, CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) populations, and epithelial cells positive for a DNA damage biomarker, H2AX, were elevated in affected tissue, supporting their role in the neoplastic process. An evaluation of Lpd-/- mice with RP compared to EHS-infected, but clinically normal (CN) Lpd-/- animals indicated that all of these mice exhibit some degree of lower bowel inflammation; however, mice with prolapses had significantly higher degree of focal lesions at the colo-rectal junction. When Helicobacter spp. infections were eliminated in Lpd-/- mice by embryo transfer rederivation, the disease phenotype was abrogated, implicating EHS as a contributing factor in the development of rectal carcinoma. Here we describe lesions in Lpd-/- male mice consistent with a focal inflammation-induced neoplastic transformation and propose this strain as a mouse model of rectal carcinoma.
Nonlinear Oscillators at Our Fingertips

(2007). Nonlinear Oscillators at Our Fingertips. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 114, No. 1, pp. 14-28.
P08.05 Chlamydia trachomatis and trichomonas vaginalis co-infection in the macaque model

Introduction We have used the pigtailed macaque model to individually study chlamydia (bacteria) and trichomonal (parasite) infections. To increase utility of the model, we explored infection potential for both chlamydia and trichomoniasis, when delivered simultaneously to macaques. This co-infection model will be useful for testing the efficacy of developing multi-purpose technologies. Methods Twelve female Macaca nemestrina were challenged by cervical inoculation with C. trachomatis E (CT: 5E6 IFU in 0.5 mL volume), immediately followed by vaginal exposure to T. vaginalis ATCC 50148 (TV: 5E5 trichomonads in 0.5 mL volume). For five weeks, infection status, chlamydia-specific serum antibody, and tissue responses were followed. Nucleic acid amplification tests were employed to detect each organism; cervical swabs were also cultured for chlamydia detection. Cervicovaginal tissues were monitored by colposcopy. Each animal completed a five day regimen of oral azithromycin plus metronidazole followed by test of clearance. Results Nine of twelve macaques tested positive for infection with both pathogens on at least three weekly visits. One animal was positive for chlamydial infection only (TV negative) for two weeks. These ten animals developed chlamydial IgG antibody titers of at least 1:16. The two remaining animals had limited, self-clearing infections; CT positive for one week, plus TV positive for one or two weeks. Neither of these macaques developed serum antibody to CT. During five weeks of secretion sampling, chlamydia positivity ranged from 1 to 5 weeks (median 5 weeks) and TV positivity ranged 0–5 weeks (median 5 weeks) as well. Colposcopy revealed blisters on the cervix of three co-infected animals. Neither infection could be correlated to changes in vaginal pH, exudate or polymorphonuclear cell presence. Conclusion We have demonstrated that co-infection with Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis is achievable in the pigtailed macaque model. Infections are individually detectable and concurrent treatments are effective in clearing both organisms. Disclosure of interest statement This research was supported by NIH Contract HHSN272201000006I, Task Number HHSN27200008 and by the Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (ORIP) of the National Institutes of Health through Grant Number P51 OD010425 Washington National Primate Research Centre. No pharmaceutical grants were received in the development of this study.
Is antisocial personality a valid diagnosis among the homeless

Objective It has been argued that among the homeless many of the features of antisocial personality may be artifacts of homelessness and that strict application of the diagnostic criteria may be insensitive to social and cultural factors in this group. The authors studied a large group of homeless men and women to investigate the appropriateness of the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder among the homeless. Method Six hundred homeless men and 300 homeless women were randomly selected from shelters and street locations in St. Louis and interviewed with the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Results In this sample of homeless men and women, most, but not all, adult symptoms of antisocial personality disorder were significantly associated with number of childhood conduct disorder symptoms. The onset of symptoms of antisocial personality disorder usually preceded the onset of homelessness. The rates of antisocial personality disorder were not significantly affected by discounting the antisocial disorder symptoms thought to be confounded with homelessness. Conclusions Overall, the data support the appropriateness of the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder among homeless populations. It cannot be said from these data that homelessness often leads to antisocial behaviors.
The Causal-Doxastic Theory of the Basing Relation

L'A. presente une nouvelle analyse causale de la relation de base qui fonde toute theorie de la justification epistemique. Rejetant les conceptions coherentistes et fiabilistes des chaines causales de raisons, l'A. met en evidence le role interne des metacroyances dans le credit apporte a une opinion.
Dear microtubule, I see you

This essay summarizes my personal journey toward the atomic visualization of microtubules and a mechanistic understanding of how these amazing polymers work. During this journey, I have been witness and partaker in the blooming of a technique I love-cryo-electron microscopy.
Glutamate Receptors At The Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of glutamate receptors not only in mediating synaptic transmission but also in the formation and plasticity of synapses in Drosophila. The chapter discusses the composition of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), describes the way the subunit composition iGluRs shapes the properties of synapses, presents mechanisms involved in clustering iGluRs at the synapse, and describes the myriad ways in which iGluRs contribute to synaptic plasticity at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Based on their sequence, iGluRs are subdivided into families, physiological properties, and pharmacological profiles. Molecular mechanisms that cluster the receptors at the synapse are being defined, and the cell biology of receptor trafficking is now accessible to live-imaging studies. GluRs are both regulated by and themselves regulate plasticity mechanisms that shape the size and strength of the NMJ. Combining genetic, physiological, and optical techniques should continue to provide important insights into the role of GluRs at the Drosophila NMJ.
Poor Dietary Guidelines Compliance among Low-Income Women Eligible for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed)

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) program aims to improve nutritional intakes of low-income individuals (<185% poverty threshold). The objective of this study was to describe the compliance with Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommendations for fruits, vegetables, and whole grains among SNAP-Ed eligible (n = 3142) and ineligible (n = 3168) adult women (19–70 years) nationwide and SNAP-Ed participating women in Indiana (n = 2623), using the NHANES 2007–2012 and Indiana SNAP-Ed survey data, respectively. Sensitivity analysis further stratified women by race/ethnicity and by current SNAP participation (<130% poverty threshold). Nationally, lower-income women were less likely to meet the fruit (21% vs. 25%) and vegetable (11% vs. 19%) guidelines than higher-income women, but did not differ on whole grains, which were ~5% regardless of income. The income differences in fruit and vegetable intakes were driven by non-Hispanic whites. Fewer SNAP-Ed-eligible U.S. women met fruit (21% vs. 55%) and whole grain (4% vs. 18%) but did not differ for vegetable recommendations (11% vs. 9%) when compared to Indiana SNAP-Ed women. This same trend was observed among current SNAP participants. Different racial/ethnic group relationships with DGA compliance were found in Indiana compared to the nation. Nevertheless, most low-income women in the U.S. are at risk of not meeting DGA recommendations for fruits (79%), vegetables (89%), and whole grains (96%); SNAP-Ed participants in Indiana had higher compliance with DGA recommendations. Increased consumption of these three critical food groups would improve nutrient density, likely reduce calorie consumption by replacing high calorie choices, and improve fiber intakes.
Elastic-plastic crack-tip-field numerical analysis integrated with moire interferometry

A novel method of integrating displacement field measurements from high-sensitive moire interferometry with the finite element method is introduced for the elastic-plastic fracture mechanics problems. The measured displacements normal to the crack in a fatigue-precracked specimen are input to a finite element model along a near-field boundary. In this paper the analysis is done for a power-law strain hardening material. The near-field region is discretized using 8-noded isoparametric quadrilateral elements. A validation procedure indicates that just the u y -displacement (normal to the crack) as input is sufficient for an edge-cracked specimen whereas a center-cracked specimen requires both u x - and u x -displacement inputs. Results are obtained in the form of J-integral evaluations, HRR fields, and plastic zones. A significant CPU time saving is achieved when compared with the load-input case. Also the results indicate the existence of HRR field under large scale yielding.
Impacts of Tsunami Events on Ecosystem Services Provided by Benthic Macro-Invertebrate Assemblages of Marine Coastal Zones

Significant environmental and societal impacts have ensued from the tsunami events during the last decade particularly those of the Indian Ocean (2004) and Pacific Coast of Japan (2011). Ecosystem services provided by marine inter- and subtidal benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages are tied to the changes in physical, chemical, and hydrological short and long term alterations to their habitats. Globally, benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages can be categorized to examine ecosystems services provided by these highly productive coastal areas. In addition to ongoing coastal human activity related threats to these areas, the disturbances to these assemblages immediately after a Tsunami event are currently a focus of research. Quantifying the impacts across the subunit of macroinvertebrate benthos is a necessary function for proper assessment of impacts to ecosystem services provided by coastal zones. The current knowledge base and predicted recovery timeframes, in addition to the need for further investigation of long term environmental societal factors are important globally.
Vertically edge-oriented graphene on plasma pyrolyzed cellulose fibers and demonstration of kilohertz high-frequency filtering electrical double layer capacitors

Abstract High-frequency electrochemical capacitors or electrical double layer capacitor (HF-ECs) with large capacitance were developed from edge-oriented graphene (EOG) nanosheets perpendicularly grown around carbonized cellulose microfiber (CMF) sheets. Binder-free EOG/CMF electrodes were fabricated in a one-step 5-min plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process, where cellulose fiber sheets were rapidly pyrolyzed by high-temperature plasma, while EOG simultaneously formed on the developing CMFs. Owing to combined unique characteristics of both EOG and CMF, such facilely produced electrodes exhibit excellent performance in terms of both high frequency response and high capacitance density. In aqueous electrolyte cells, 10 μm thick EOG/CMF electrode exhibits an areal capacitance of 1.07 mF cm−2 at 120 Hz along with a frequency of 13.8 kHz at −45° phase angle. ∼3 V organic electrolyte cells show an areal capacitance of 0.49 mF cm−2 at 120 Hz, and a frequency of 1.47 kHz at −45° phase angle. Developed HF-ECs were successfully applied in practical applications as ripple current filter in line-frequency AC/DC conversion, and as pulse power storage/smoother in environmental energy harvesting for self-powered micro devices.
Sign on the [Electronic] Dotted Line: The Rise of the Electronic Will

The electronic will is here…almost. The last two years have seen rapid development in the area of electronic wills. As of September 2018, several states either have enacted electronic will statutes or are in the process of considering such legislation. This article provides the history of e-wills and reviews e-will statutes, both enacted and proposed, along with the Summer 2018 draft of the Electronic Wills Act.
The Influence of Bicycle Geometry on Time-Trial Positioning Kinematics and Markers of Performance

Studies have previously documented how changes in cycling body kinematics are related to submaximal energetics and power output, as well as cycling performance, but few have focused specifically on how body kinematics will vary with changes in bicycle geometry. This study sought to describe kinematic changes resulting from the systematic change of several bicycle geometry variables: Trunk angle (“low” and “high” positions), seat-tube angle (76° and 80°), saddle tilt angle (0° to -10°), saddle sitting position (middle or nose), as well as two types of saddles. Methods: Well-trained cyclists were kinematically evaluated across specific combinations of geometry variables using a modified cycle ergometer at a standard relative power. Standard two dimensional sagittal-view kinematics from the left side were used to summarize a collection of kinematic variables: Trunk angle, hip angle (HA), knee angle, pelvic tilt angle, and two “composite” angles called body position and pelvic position (PP). Finally, each trial was also evaluated for frontal area (FA; m2) from stationary digital photography. Data were evaluated using repeated measures ANOVA (a=0.05) to evaluate change in kinematics between trials, as well as regression analysis to determine predictability of performance markers (HA and FA) from the collection of geometry and kinematic variables. Results: Changing trunk angle had the greatest impact on other kinematic variables, while saddle type had no influence. Regression showed that geometry variables could explain 75-85% of the variability in either HA or FA, while 78-79% of the variation in HA and 83- 84% of FA was explained by PP alone. Conclusions: The composite kinematic measure PP was generally a better predictor of both HA and FA than any combination of geometry variables. These results can serve as a starting point for understanding the interactions between bicycle geometry and body kinematics, both of which are important determinants of power generation and aerodynamic drag.
Using the biopsychosocial model to predict sense of community for persons with serious mental illness

Background: Sense of community (SOC) is paramount for persons with serious mental illness (SMI) to achieve the goals of psychiatric rehabilitation (PsyR): recovery, community integration and qualit...
“Acceptation” et tolérance des allogreffes : nouveau concept: New insight into “allograft acceptance” and tolerance

La decouverte du microchimerisme dans la transplantation de rein et de foie a permis de mieux comprendre « l’acceptation » des allogreffes, l’analyse des problemes de conditionnement et la recherche de nouvelles orientations dans le traitement des greffes. En fonction de ce nouveau concept, seront ici discutees les relations avec les maladies infectieuses provoquees par des micro-organismes non cytopathologiques, les reponses aux questions autrefois posees, la reaction immunologique et les implications dans le domaine de l’immunologie generale.
The Rise of Central Asia: Coastal Golden Ages Increasingly Threatened by Conquest Dynasties from the Deep Interior

East Asia, like the rest of the world, faced the Medieval Warm Period from the early 900s through the 1200s. At its height, this period was the warmest in history until the human-caused warming of today. In East Asia, the greatest beneficiaries, in relative terms, were the steppe and boreal forest societies. They changed from poor peripheral societies to powerful regional ones, and eventually to all-conquering world powers. China, Japan, and Vietnam, by contrast, were often devastated by floods. This produced the clearest signature of climate directly influencing East Asian history, since weakened China could not withstand the invigorated Central and North Asian powers, while Japan was wracked by wars that destroyed the old society and eventually created a new one.
Gossypol as a toxicant in livestock.

Historically, gossypol toxicity in ruminants was rare and even then was considered only if extremely high levels of free gossypol were found in the feed. We now are aware that low levels of free gossypol are detrimental, particularly to the young ruminant whose rumen may not yet be fully functional.
A Note on Assessment of Transportation Infrastructure Data Management Practices

The amount of data being maintained by state departments of transportation (DOTs) and local transportation agencies is increasing steadily. Although data provide opportunities to facilitate decisio...
Investigating the role of antecedent SMAP satellite soil moisture, radar rainfall and MODIS vegetation on runoff production in an agricultural region

Abstract Following results by Crow et al. (2017) [Geophys. Res. Lett. 44, 5495–5503] on the impact of antecedent soil moisture on runoff production, we investigate total runoff production during individual rainfall-runoff events in agricultural landscapes as a function of antecedent soil moisture, total rainfall, and vegetation cover for catchments with drainage areas ranging from 80 to 1000 km 2 in the state of Iowa, USA. For our study, we use Enhanced SMAP soil moisture estimates, the MODIS enhanced vegetation index (EVI), gauge-corrected Stage IV radar rainfall, and USGS streamflow data. We analyze the event runoff ratio as a function of event-scale rainfall, antecedent SMAP soil moisture and soil-moisture-deficit-normalized rainfall for the events in a period from March 31, 2015 to October 31, 2018. Our goal is to confirm the relationships identified by Crow et al. (2017) in heavily managed agricultural landscapes and to refine some of their methodological steps to quantify the role of additional variables controlling runoff production. To this end, we define three different strategies to identify rainfall-runoff events and add a baseflow separation step to better insulate event scale stormflow runoff. We test the effects of antecedent soil moisture, rainfall, and vegetation on the event-scale runoff ratio. The antecedent SMAP soil moisture and event-scale rainfall are found to have significant predictive power in estimating event runoff ratio. Soil moisture deficit-normalized rainfall, introduced as the ratio of event-scale rainfall to available space in top soil before initiation of the event, exhibited a more distinct relationship with runoff ratio. The long-term analysis of runoff ratio, rainfall, and MODIS EVI indicated that, in an agricultural region, vegetation plays a significant role in determining event-scale runoff ratios. The methodology and outcome of our study have direct implications on real-time flood forecasting and long-term hydrologic assessments.
Directed Evolution of a Selective and Sensitive Serotonin Sensor via Machine Learning.

Serotonin plays a central role in cognition and is the target of most pharmaceuticals for psychiatric disorders. Existing drugs have limited efficacy; creation of improved versions will require better understanding of serotonergic circuitry, which has been hampered by our inability to monitor serotonin release and transport with high spatial and temporal resolution. We developed and applied a binding-pocket redesign strategy, guided by machine learning, to create a high-performance, soluble, fluorescent serotonin sensor (iSeroSnFR), enabling optical detection of millisecond-scale serotonin transients. We demonstrate that iSeroSnFR can be used to detect serotonin release in freely behaving mice during fear conditioning, social interaction, and sleep/wake transitions. We also developed a robust assay of serotonin transporter function and modulation by drugs. We expect that both machine-learning-guided binding-pocket redesign and iSeroSnFR will have broad utility for the development of other sensors and in vitro and in vivo serotonin detection, respectively.
Forging Alliances: Fanon, Cabral, and Contemporary Feminist Epistemology

Chapter 5 takes stock of the outcomes of the analyses of the previous chapters. It assesses some of the main issues entailed in adopting the differential approach and articulates those elements worth retaining from the revolutionary-socialist tradition, such as this tradition’s distinct understanding of decolonization, knowledge, truth, justification, common knowledge, and knowledge systems. I first expound upon these concepts within the limits of the revolutionary-socialist approach, and then show how some contemporary feminist epistemologists lead the way in developing such concepts in new and better directions.
Examining the Language Interactions between a Teacher Educator and Preservice Teachers during Collaborative Planning for Literacy Instruction

This paper reports findings from a formative design experiment during which the practical problem of how to support 31 preservice teachers as they approximated planning for ambitious literacy instr...
Abstract PO-020: Inferring copy number substructure from single-cell transcriptomics in human tumors with CopyKat

High-throughput single cell transcriptomics analysis is widely used to study human tumors, however a major challenge is distinguishing the stromal cells from the malignant cancer cells, as well as clonal substructure within tumors. To address this challenge, we developed an integrative Bayesian segmentation approach, COPYKAT to estimate genomic copy numbers at 5MB resolution from high-throughput single cell RNA-seq data. We applied COPYKAT to 39,709 single cells from 16 tumors across 4 cancer types, including premalignant and triple-negative breast cancers, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, and anaplastic thyroid cancer. From these data we could accurately (98%) classify tumor cells from stromal cells. In three TNBC tumors COPYKAT resolved multiple clonal subpopulations of genotypes that differed in expression of breast cancer genes and enrichment of cancer hallmarks including EMT and hypoxia. These data show that COPYKAT can accurately resolve clonal copy number substructure in tumors and classify tumor and normal cells in a variety of human cancers. Citation Format: Ruli Gao, Shanshan Bai, Henderson Ying, Yiyun Lin, Tapsi Seth, Min Hu, Emi Sei, Alexander Davis, Fang Wang, Jennifer Rui Wang, Ken Chen, Stacey Moulder, Stephen Lai, Nicholas Navin. Inferring copy number substructure from single-cell transcriptomics in human tumors with CopyKat [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-020.