cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Arbitrary order Krylov deferred correction methods for differential algebraic equations

In this paper, a new framework for the construction of accurate and efficient numerical methods for differential algebraic equation (DAE) initial value problems is presented. The methods are based on applying spectral deferred correction techniques as preconditioners to a Picard integral collocation formulation for the solution. The resulting preconditioned nonlinear system is solved using Newton-Krylov schemes such as the Newton-GMRES method. Least squares based orthogonal polynomial approximations are computed using Gaussian type quadratures, and spectral integration is used to avoid the numerically unstable differentiation operator. The resulting Krylov deferred correction (KDC) methods are of arbitrary order of accuracy and very stable. Preliminary results show that these new methods are very competitive with existing DAE solvers, particularly when high precision is desired.
A cascode amplifier nonlinearity correction technique

A technique affording compensation for the diode non-linearity of an emitter degenerated cascode stage by using an additional emitter degenerative pair will be discussed.
The Dynamo Dilemma

The recent determination that the angular velocity Ω of the Sun declines downward through the convective zone raises serious questions about the nature of the solar dynamo. The principal qualitative features of the Sun are the azimuthal fields that migrate toward the equator in association with an oscillating poloidal field which reverses at about the time of maximum appearance of bipolar magnetic regions. If Ω decreases downward, or is negligible, the horizontal gradient in Ω produces a dynamo with some of these essential characteristics. There is reason to think that the dynamo is confined to the lower half of the convective zone where α has the opposite sign from the usual (α > 0 in the northern hemisphere) producing equatorward migration but reversing the sign of the associated poloidal field. Meridional circulation may play an essential role in shaping the dynamo. At the present time it is essential to measure Ω accurately and determine the nature of the meridional circulation.
Mesh-matrix analysis method for electromagnetic launchers

The mesh-matrix method is a procedure for calculating the current distribution in the conductors of electromagnetic launchers with coil or flat-plate geometry. Once the current distribution is known the launcher performance can be calculated. The method divides the conductors into parallel current paths, or meshes, and finds the current in each mesh by matrix inversion. The author presents procedures for writing equations for the current and voltage relations for a few meshes to serve as a pattern for writing the computer code. An available subroutine package provides routines for field and flux coefficients and equation solution. >
Selective Degradation of Ubiquitinated Sic1 by Purified 26S Proteasome Yields Active S Phase Cyclin-Cdk

Abstract Selective degradation of single subunits of multimeric complexes by the ubiquitin pathway underlies multiple regulatory switches, including those involving cyclins and Cdk inhibitors. The machinery that segregates ubiquitinated proteins from unmodified partners prior to degradation remains undefined. We report that ubiquitinated Sic1 (Ub-Sic1) embedded within inactive S phase cyclin-Cdk (S-Cdk) complexes was rapidly degraded by purified 26S proteasomes, yielding active S-Cdk. Mutant proteasomes that failed to degrade Ub-Sic1 activated S-Cdk only partially in an ATP-dependent manner. Whereas Ub-Sic1 was degraded within ∼2 min, spontaneous dissociation of Ub-Sic1 from S-Cdk was ∼200-fold slower. We propose that the 26S proteasome has the intrinsic capability to extract, unfold, and degrade ubiquitinated proteins while releasing bound partners untouched. Activation of S-Cdk reported herein represents a complete reconstitution of the regulatory switch underlying the G1/S transition in budding yeast.
Privacy-preserving statistical estimation with optimal convergence rates

Consider an analyst who wants to release aggregate statistics about a data set containing sensitive information. Using differentially private algorithms guarantees that the released statistics reveal very little about any particular record in the data set. In this paper we study the asymptotic properties of differentially private algorithms for statistical inference.We show that for a large class of statistical estimators T and input distributions P, there is a differentially private estimator AT with the same asymptotic distribution as T. That is, the random variables AT(X) and T(X) converge in distribution when X consists of an i.i.d. sample from P of increasing size. This implies that AT(X) is essentially as good as the original statistic T(X) for statistical inference, for sufficiently large samples. Our technique applies to (almost) any pair T,P such that T is asymptotically normal on i.i.d. samples from P---in particular, to parametric maximum likelihood estimators and estimators for logistic and linear regression under standard regularity conditions.A consequence of our techniques is the existence of low-space streaming algorithms whose output converges to the same asymptotic distribution as a given estimator T (for the same class of estimators and input distributions as above).
Synthesis of rigid-rod linkers to anchor chromophores to semiconductor nanoparticles

Abstract Four rigid-rod sensitizers, made of a phenylethynyl spacer substituted with a chromophore and two COOR binding groups, were prepared to study dynamics of electron injection at the interface of metal oxide semiconductor nanoparticles. Dimethyl Ru(bpy)2(5-(5-1,10-phenanthrolinyl)ethynyl)isophthalate)2+ ( 4a ), dimethyl Ru(bpy)2(5-(4-(2,2′-bipyridinyl)ethynyl)isophthalate)2+ ( 4b ), dimethyl 5-(1-pyrenylethynyl)isophthalate ( 4c ), and dimethyl 5-(9-anthracenylethynyl)isophthalate ( 4d ), were synthesized and characterized. Their absorption spectra, emission spectra, and electrochemical properties have been studied in acetonitrile and hexane solutions at room temperature.
Factors Which May Affect the Precision of Experiments Employing Chickens

Abstract Reported in this paper are factors which can increase differences between experimental group means and/or reduce variation with groups. Factors which affected the precision of research results included sex and body weight distribution with experimental caged flocks; comb type and beak trimming which influenced social rank; dose of chemicals and infectious agents and antigens; and chicken-human relationships. Experimental precision was especially affected when these factors influenced some but not all experimental groups. Increased precision of experimental procedures allows for reducing the numbers of animals and/or observations needed for experiments.
Working-Class War: American Combat Soldiers and Vietnam

No one can understand the complete tragedy of the American experience in Vietnam without reading this book. Nothing so underscores the ambivalence and confusion of the American commitment as does the composition of our fighting forces. The rich and the powerful may have supported the war initially, but they contributed little of themselves. That responsibility fell to the poor and the working class of America.""--Senator George McGovern ""Reminds us of the disturbing truth that some 80 percent of the 2.5 million enlisted men who served in Vietnam--out of 27 million men who reached draft age during the war--came from working-class and impoverished backgrounds. . . . Deals especially well with the apparent paradox that the working-class soldiers' families back home mainly opposed the antiwar movement, and for that matter so with few exceptions did the soldiers themselves.""-- New York Times Book Review ""[Appy's] treatment of the subject makes it clear to his readers--almost as clear as it became for the soldiers in Vietnam--that class remains the tragic dividing wall between Americans.""-- Boston Globe
Ward and Hook Revisited: a Two-Part Procedure for Overcoming a Deficiency in the Grouping of Persons:

The Ward and Hook (1963) hierarchical grouping program is a frequently used method to cluster persons into groups. Because of a deficiency in the procedure, the groupings are somewhat less than optimal. In order to meet this deficiency, a two-part procedure was developed to be used in conjunction with the Ward and Hook program for a more optimal grouping of subjects. The first part of the procedure checks the assignments of the subjects to the groups and removes inappropriately classified subjects. The second part confirms the reassignments of the subjects to their groups. Specifics regarding the application of the two-part procedure are discussed.
Optimal output feedback control for systems with inaccessible state variables

Optimal linear control laws require the measurement of each and every state variable. However, in practice it is difficult to measure every state variable, and thus the optimal control is not widely accepted. This paper is concerned with overcoming this difficulty by considering the design of optimal linear regulator systems with some inaccessible state variables. Two methods leading to dynamic feedback control laws in terms of measurable output alone are developed. One of these methods is extended to time-varying problems.
Exploring new frontiers in x-ray quantum limited portal imaging using active matrix flat-panel imagers (AMFPIs)

In recent years, indirect detection active matrix flat-panel imagers (AMFPIs) have become the gold standard in radiotherapy imaging. The excellent imaging performance of AMFPI-based electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) can be attributed to their ability to perform x-ray quantum limited imaging under radiotherapy conditions. However, all current commercial (AMFPI and non-AMFPI) EPIDs use only approximately 1% to 2% of the incident radiation. In this work, strategies to significantly improve the overall performance of indirect detection AMFPI-based EPIDs through novel designs, are presented. Specifically, the focus of this work is on thick, structured scintillators, which achieve high x-ray detection efficiency while simultaneously maintaining spatial resolution. Fundamental signal and noise measurements using prototype, small area, structured scintillators are reported. In addition, theoretical calculations were performed in order to estimate the signal and noise properties of various structured scintillator configurations. Results from theory and experiments were used to estimate the frequency-dependent detective quantum efficiency (DQE). Results suggest that these designs could yield DQE values that are significantly higher than those for current commercial EPID technologies.
Similarity solutions of the lubrication equation

Abstract We present a method for constructing closed-form similarity solutions of the fourth-order nonlinear lubrication equation. By extending a technique used to study second-order degenerate diffusion problems, corresponding interface profiles and diffusion coefficient functions can be derived in exact form. Different classes of spreading and shrinking solutions are obtained using this approach.
Hydrothermal Studies in a New Diamond Anvil Cell up to 10 GPa and from −190°C to 1200°C

The new hydrothermal diamond anvil cell (HDAC) has been designed for optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction at pressures up to 10 GPa and temperatures between −190°C and 1200°C. Laser light reflected from the top and bottom anvil faces and the top and bottom solid sample faces produce interference fringes that provide a very sensitive means of monitoring the volume of sample chamber and for observing volume and refractive index changes in solid samples due to transitions and reactions. Synchrotron radiation has been used to make X-ray diffraction patterns of samples under hydrothermal conditions. Individual heaters and individual thermocouples provide temperature control with an accuracy of ±0.5°C. Liquid nitrogen directly introduced into the HDAC has been used to reduce the sample temperature to −190°C. The α−β phase boundary of quartz has been used to calculate the transition pressures from measured transition temperatures. With this method we have redetermined 5 isochores of H2O up to 850°C and 1.2 GPa at which the solution rate of the quartz became so rapid that the quartz dissolved completely before the α−β transition could be observed. When silica solutions were cooled, opal spherules and rods formed.
Differential contribution of the proline and glutamine pathways to glutamate biosynthesis and nitrogen assimilation in yeast lacking glutamate dehydrogenase.

Abstract In Saccharomyces cerevisiae , the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) enzymes play a pivotal role in glutamate biosynthesis and nitrogen assimilation. It has been proposed that, in GDH -deficient yeast, either the proline utilization (PUT) or the glutamine synthetase–glutamate synthase (GS/GOGAT) pathway serves as the alternative pathway for glutamate production and nitrogen assimilation to the exclusion of the other. Using a gdh -null mutant ( gdh1 Δ 2 Δ 3 Δ), this ambiguity was addressed using a combination of growth studies and pathway-specific enzyme assays on a variety of nitrogen sources (ammonia, glutamine, proline and urea). The GDH -null mutant was viable on all nitrogen sources tested, confirming that alternate pathways for nitrogen assimilation exist in the gdh -null strain. Enzyme assays point to GS/GOGAT as the primary alternative pathway on the preferred nitrogen sources ammonia and glutamine, whereas growth on proline required both the PUT and GS/GOGAT pathways. In contrast, growth on glucose–urea media elicited a decrease in GOGAT activity along with an increase in activity of the PUT pathway specific enzyme Δ 1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (P5CDH). Together, these results suggest the alternative pathway for nitrogen assimilation in strains lacking the preferred GDH -dependent route is nitrogen source dependent and that neither GS/GOGAT nor PUT serves as the sole compensatory pathway.
Seasonal variation of fecal contamination in drinking water sources in developing countries: a systematic review.

Accounting for fecal contamination of drinking water sources is an important step in improving monitoring of global access to safe drinking water. Fecal contamination varies with time while its monitoring is often infrequent. We sought to understand seasonal trends in fecal contamination to guide best practices to capture seasonal variation and ascertain the extent to which the results of a single sample may overestimate compliance with health guidelines. The findings from 22 studies from developing countries written in English and identified through a systematic review were analyzed. Fecal contamination in improved drinking water sources was shown to follow a statistically significant seasonal trend of greater contamination during the wet season (p<0.001). This trend was consistent across fecal indicator bacteria, five source types, twelve Koppen-Geiger climate zones, and across both rural and urban areas. Guidance on seasonally representative water quality monitoring by the World Health Organization and national water quality agencies could lead to improved assessments of access to safe drinking water.
Alumina Etch Masks for Fabrication of High-Aspect-Ratio Silicon Micropillars and Nanopillars

We introduce using sputtered aluminum oxide (alumina) as a resilient etch mask for fluorinated silicon reactive ion etches. Achieving selectivity of 5000:1 for cryogenic silicon etching and 68:1 for SF_6/C_4F_8 silicon etching, we employ this mask for fabrication of high-aspect-ratio silicon micropillars and nanopillars. Nanopillars with diameters ranging from below 50 nm up to several hundred nanometers are etched to heights greater than 2 µm. Micropillars of 5, 10, 20, and 50 µm diameters are etched to heights of over 150 µm with aspect ratios greater than 25. Processing and characterization of the sputtered alumina is also discussed.
The effects of acute and chronic dexamethasone administration on insulin binding to isolated rat hepatocytes and adipocytes

Abstract In an effort to determine the possible relationship between changes in insulin-receptor binding and the glucocorticoid-induced insulin-resistant state, we studied insulin binding to specific receptors located on isolated adipocytes and hepatocytes obtained from dexamethasone (D)-treated rats. Three groups of D-treated rats were studied: (1) acute high-dose treatment (1.5 mgdekg6 days), (2) acute low-dose treatment (0.125 mgkg6days), and (3) chronic low-dose treatment (0.125 mgkg21days). When insulin binding to isolated hepatocytes was studied, we found that binding was only 30%–50% of control values when cells from the D-treated animals were used. This decrease in binding was greatest for cells from the acute high-dose group, indicating a dose-response effect, and least for cells from the chronic group, suggesting a tendency toward return of insulin-receptor binding during chronic treatment. When insulin binding to isolated adipocytes was studied, binding was 50%–60% of control values when cells from both acute D-treated groups were used. While the magnitude of the decrease in insulin binding was not as great as that seen with hepatocytes, the decrease was still greatest using cells from the acute high-dose group as compared to the acute low-dose group. Thus, a dose-response effect was suggested in both tissues. On the other hand, the effects of chronic D treatment on insulin binding were strikingly different in the two cell systems. After chronic D treatment, insulin binding to adipocytes returned to near-normal levels, while a 55% decrease in binding to hepatocytes persisted. Thus, the tendency toward return of insulin binding after chronic D treatment seen with hepatocytes was almost fully expressed by adipocytes. This might be related to the amelioration of the corticosteroid-induced insulin-resistant state which has been reported after chronic corticosteroid administration to humans. In conclusion, (1) a decrease in insulin binding is associated with corticosteroid excess, and it is possible that this decreased binding is related to the insulin resistance which results from corticosteroid administration; (2) the return of insulin binding toward normal after chronic D treatment could well be related to the improvement in insulin resistance seen during chronic corticosteroid administration to humans; and (3) the difference in effects of chronic D treatment on insulin binding to hepatocytes versus adipocytes indicates that changes in insulin binding can be tissue specific.
Monoclonal antibodies to angiotensin II

Abstract Three hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to angiotensin II were generated using somatic cell fusion techniques. Dissociation constants, determined by Scatchard analysis of radioimmunoassay data, were 9.3 × 10 −10 M, 1.5 × 10 −9 M and 1.8 × 10 −8 M for antibodies KAA8, ICH2 and ICA10, respectively. The antibodies exhibited various degrees of cross-reactivity towards peptide metabolites of angiotensin II, but minimal cross-reactivity towards antagonists created by substituting the hormone at both the amino and carboxy terminus. In contrast to a rabbit polyclonal angiotensin II antibody preparation, the three monoclonal antibodies competed effectively with angiotensin receptors on rat adrenal cortical microsomes for hormone binding. These antibodies may have broad utility for a number of applications in angiotensin II research.
Computer-Aided Instruction on the World Wide Web: The Third Generation

Computer-aided instruction (CAI) moved from mainframe computing in the 1960s and 1970s, to microcomputing in the 1980s, to the threshold of network computing in the late 1990s. Previous generations of CAI have met with limited but increasing success and acceptance. Economic educators were generally disappointed with mainframe CAI and questioned its cost effectiveness and value added. Siegfried and Fels (1979, 942) summarized this view: "CAI in [undergraduate] economics do[es] not appear to be the route to nirvana [it was] once expected to be. CAI appears to generate no more (or no less) cognitive achievement but probably costs more than conventional methods." Nevertheless, economic educators expected microcomputers to reduce development costs and to overcome CAI's earlier limitations. By the late 1980s and early 1990s, evaluations of introductoryand intermediate-level CAI programs ranged from the damning-"Economics software engages the student at 'the lowest level of computer use' (drill) and little intellectual development is likely at this level" (Reclam and Sexton 1994, 368, quoting from Yoho and Walstad 1990)-to the enthusiastic-"The microcomputer has become a major pedagogical instrument of demonstrated value" (Smith and Smith 1989, 73). In spite of the promises and disappointments of earlier generations of CAI, I argue that the World Wide Web represents an even greater change in the cost structure of developing, distributing, and using CAI software than the movement from mainframe to microcomputer. The Web can sustain a level of experimentation, innovation, and collaboration necessary to produce significant advances in CAI. The Web fundamentally alters the cost structure of instruction and learning by changing the costs of authoring, publishing, distributing, modifying, updating, applying, and using economic course materials. However, realizing the potential benefits of Web-based instruction requires that course materials be redesigned to reflect the expanded possibilities for interactivity, adaptability, rapid distribution, and integration of text, audio, video, graphics, animation, spreadsheets, and programming within a common package. Instructional software should not remain merely supplementary to a traditional textbook as has been previously argued (e.g., Walbert 1989).
An additional “Depth” of reverberation helps content stand out: Media content emphasis using audio reverberation effect

The audio reverberation effect adds in a perceptual depth dimension to media content and can be intelligently applied to emphasis the target media segments. A quantitative model of this emphasis effects is derived from subjective evaluation experiments.
First steps toward the implementation of a cognitive radar to study plasma instabilities along the magnetic equator

Cognitive radar is envisioned to be the future of remote-sensing systems. The idea proposed by details that a cognitive radar will have the ability to learn about the sensing environment and, over time, optimize returns from targets of interest by altering the transmitted pulse waveform. This paper focuses on the first step of the cognitive process for ionospheric radar observations in the equatorial region. In this region, three plasma irregularities are observed very regularly via radar, namely, Spread F, 150 km echoes, and electrojet. During real-time observations, the first step of the cognitive process entails automatically recognizing the current plasma instability forming in the ionosphere. A preliminary test for the detection and classification of these events is performed off-line using radar observations from the Jicamarca Radio Observatory, located in Lima, Peru. The chosen classification process utilizes a supervised learning algorithm (Expectation-Maximization) to generate a probability distribution function (Gaussian Mixture Model) for each plasma instability based on certain measurable criterion. This paper outlines the training and classification process with the resulting cross validation performance subsequently reported. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the chosen classifier because of the high cross validation and minimal misclassifications of the events.
Closely Approaching the Silylium Ion (R3Si

The crystal structure of the tri-isopropyl silyl species, i-Pr(3)Si(Br(6)-CB(11)H(6)), where the brominated carborane Br(6)-CB(11) H(6)(-) is perhaps the least nucleophilic anion presently known, has revealed the highest degree of silylium cation character (R(3)Si(+)) yet observed. The average C-Si-C angle is 117 degrees , only 3 degrees short of the planarity expected of a pure silylium ion(120 degrees ). This value compares to 114 degrees recently reported for a toluene-solvated silyl cation, [Et(3)Si(toluene)](+) by Lambert and co-workers. The greater silylium ion character of i-Pr(3)Si(Br(6)-CB(11)H(6)) versus [i-Pr(3)Si(toluene)](+) is also reflected in the larger downfield shift of the silicon-29 nuclear magnetic resonance, 109.8 versus </=94.0 parts per million. The unusual bonding of toluene to R(3)Si(+) in Lambert's compound is reinterpreted as a significant covalent pi interaction.
Radiative breaking, proton stability and the viability of no-scale supergravity models

Abstract Radiative breaking of the electro-weak symmetry is carried out in the no-scale SU(5) supergravity model where the seed of supersymmetry breaking is the universal gaugino mass m 1 2 . The dynamically generated superparticle spectrum is then used in the computation of the dressing loop diagrams of dimension-five operators which control proton decay. Using the theoretical assumption that the LSP is electrically neutral and that the Higgs triplet mass MH3 p→ v K + decay lifetime which is in violation of the current lower limits of the Kamiokande experiment, over the entire allowed range of m 1 2 and tan β for the μ>0 and μ
Effects of artificial feeding on aggressive behaviour of rhesus monkeys in India

Artificial feeding of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), which provides the major food source for most rhesus groups in rural and urban habitats, is common practice in India. Such feeding results in significant increases in aggressive competition within the monkey groups: during feeding periods the frequencies of aggressive threats, chases, and attacks increased two to six times above those of non-feeding periods in each of eight different groups. Fighting behaviour did not increase in most groups studied, but did show a rise in one large urban group in Calcutta. The implications of these results for the management of primate breeding colonies are discussed.
Deterministic matrices with the restricted isometry property

The state of the art in compressed sensing uses sensing matrices which satisfy the restricted isometry property (RIP). Unfortunately, the known deterministic RIP constructions fall short of the random constructions, which are only valid with high probability. In this paper, we consider certain deterministic constructions and compare different proof techniques that demonstrate RIP in the deterministic setting.
An assessment of household willingness to pay for curbside recycling: A comparison of payment card and referendum approaches

Curbside recycling is a tool that communities use to reduce the need for landfill space. This study provides contingent valuation estimates of household willingness to pay (WTP) to continue a curbside recycling program in the face of budget cuts. Comparisons of two forms of the contingent valuation method (CVM) are provided: a single bounded referendum and a payment card. Neither approach emerges as unambiguously superior. Response rates were virtually identical. Both approaches show that support for curbside recycling is highly sensitive to price. Regression results from the payment card provided a more thorough identification of socio-demographic variables associated with WTP than the referendum, but the explanatory power of the two regressions did not differ significantly. The referendum estimates of mean WTP exceed those from the payment card, although the disparities are less than those typically reported in the CVM literature. Local policy makers cited the CVM results as influencing their decisions regarding funding options for the future of the program, and seemed to appreciate the fact that the two approaches provided a fairly narrow range of estimates of WTP. In an era when more of the burden of financing of environmental programs is being shifted to the local level, use of CVM to estimate the WTP of consumers for highly disaggregated goods and services designed to achieve environmental improvement will likely become more relevant to local decision makers who are interested in understanding their constituents' views.
A Pediatric Genetic Disorder Diagnosed in Adulthood

Church's case report is a reminder that "pediatric" genetic diseases are not limited to children.
The thermomechanical integrity of thin films and multilayers

Abstract Thin films and multilayers comprised of different classes of material are often used for various functional requirements. As these become relatively large in section and geometrically more complex, thermomechanical integrity is a major concern. It influences performance, yield and reliability. A methodology for thermomechanical design is needed that complements procedures used for circuit design. This article elaborates the principles of fail-safe thermomechanical design, based on the damage mechanisms known to occur in these systems. Among the important mechanisms are delamination and crazing of brittle layers. thermomechanical fatigue of metallic constituents and interface decohesion. The damage mechanisms are generally activated by residual stress, both thermal and ‘intrinsic’. The origins of these stresses are discussed, as well as stress redistribution effects that arise because of bending, discontinuities, etc. Emphasis is given to measurement methods which provide those data needed for implementation of the fail-safe design methodology.
Inhibition of basal and calmodulin-activated Ca2+-pump ATPase by fractionated compound 48/80.

Compound 4880 (4880), a mixture of polycationic compounds was fractionated using affinity chromatography on calmodulin-Sepharose. Unfractionated 4880 and various fractions were tested for their potential inhibitory effects on ATPase activities of isolated human red blood cell membranes. ATPase activities tested included: Mg2+-ATPase, the Na+/K+-pump ATPase, and the Ca2+-pump ATPase in both its basal (calmodulin-independent) and calmodulin-activated state. Neither 4880 nor its various fractions were very potent or efficacious inhibitors of the Mg2+-ATPase or the Na+/K+-pump ATPase. In agreement with previous reports, 4880 was found to be an inhinitor of the calmodulin-activated Ca2+-pump ATPase. By contrast, we found that unfractionaed, as well as some fractionated, material inhibited both the basal (calmodulin-independent) and calmodulin-activated Ca2+-pump ATPase activity. A fraction designated as Fraction III bound to calmodulin-Sepharose in the presence of Ca2+ and low salt and was eluted in the absence of Ca2+ and 0.15 M NaCl. By gel filtration, Fraction III had an apparent average molecular weight of 2064 (1320 for unfractionated material). Fraction III was the most potent inhibitor of the Ca2+-pump ATPase with IC50 values for the basal and calmodulin-activated forms of the enzyme of 0.6 and 1.2 μg/ml, respectively. Inhibition by Fraction III was cooperative with n apparent values of 2.4 and 5.7, respectively, for the basal and calmodulin-activated forms of the enzyme. Thus, binding of 4880 constituents to calmodulin can not fully account for the observed data. Direct interaction of 4880 constituent(s) with the enzyme and/or the lipid portion of the membrane is suggested.
Acute and subacute bronchial effects of oral cannabinoids

The bronchodilating activity of oral cannabinoids was evaluated in three double-blind experiments that involved the study of dose-response and interactive relationships and the potential development of tolerance. Data indicated that delta 8-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 8-THC), cannabinol (CBN), and cannabidiol (CBD) in maximal doses of 75 mg, 1200 mg, and 1200 mg, respectively, did not induce significant dose-related physiologic effects in experienced marijuana smokers. delta 8-THC (75 mg) was, however, associated with bronchodilation, tachycardia, and peak highs less than that after delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC). The combinations of CBN and CBD with low-dose delta 9-THC (5 mg) did not induce significant bronchodilation but did exert interactive effects on heart rate and "high." A 20-day study of daily delta 9-THC (20 mg), CBN (600 mg), and CBD (1200 mg) did not indicate tolerance or reverse tolerance to any drug. We conclude that delta 9-THC and, to a lesser extent, delta 8-THC, have acute bronchodilator activity but that CBN, CBD, and their combinations do not provide effective bronchodilation. The daily use of delta 9-THC was not associated with clinical tolerance.
Posttransplantation Lymphoproliferative Disorder Initially Seen as Iris Mass and Uveitis

Primary ocular posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder is rare. Epstein-Barr virus is implicated as the cause as a result of systemic immunosuppression after transplant surgery. We studied a patient who developed ocular posttransplantion lymphoproliferative disorder after orthotopic liver transplantation. Slitlamp and light microscopic photographs confirmed the diagnosis.
Messen und Diagnostizieren als aktuelle Methoden im Bauwesen

Ob in der Photogrammetrie, der Korrosionsortung, der Schallemissions analyse oder beim Monitoring von Turbinen-Generatoren Elementen: traditionelle und moderne, aber auch immer innovative Verfahren der Messtechnik gewinnen werkstoffund fachgebietsubergreifend an Bedeutung. Dabei erfordert die moderne Messtechnik Erkenntnisse und Verfahren, die haufig uber das im Bauingenieurwesen gelehrte Fachwissen hinausgehen. So ist die Messtechnik im Bauwesen im engsten Sinne interund transdisziplinar. Dies betrifft nicht nur deren Applikationen, wie zum Beispiel beim Vermessen oder dem Setzen von Schallsensoren, was von ausgebildetem Fachpersonal durchgefuhrt werden kann, sondern insbesondere auch die Auswertung der aufgenommenen Daten und deren Interpretation und den daraus resultierenden Schlussfolgerungen fur gegebenfalls erforderliche Masnahmen. Dieser Bedeutungszuwachs der Messtechnik wird besonders deutlich anhand des Bereiches der Bauzustandserfassung. So ermittelte das Deutsche Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW) im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums fur Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung (BMVBS), dass im Jahr 2010 der Anteil des Bauens im Bestand bundesweit nahezu drei Viertel des gesamten Bauvolumens ausmachte, im Jahre 2000 waren es noch etwa 50 % („Wohnen und Bauen in Zahlen 2011/2012“ des BMVBS, S. 41., 7. Auflage, Juni 2012). Eine wichtige Voraussetzung fur erfolgreiche und nachhaltige Umbauten und Verstarkungen bildet so auch die Messtechnik im Allgemeinen und ihre besondere Auspragung in der Bauwerksdiagnose.
Stabilization of coal particle suspensions using coal liquid derived suspending media

ABSTRACT A liquid we derived from coal, and a liquid produced from Exxon donor solvent (EDS) vacuum gas oil served to stabilize coal particle suspensions. In one case the liquids were used like commercial stabilization additives for coal-petroleum oil mixtures (COMs) with poorer but comparable results. In the other case the idea of using the coal liquid itself as the suspending medium (in place of petroleum oil) was considered, with encouraging results. Arguments suggest interparticle repulsion enhances the stability of coal particles in coal liquid derived suspending media.
Protein-Protected Nanoparticles from Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solution into Aqueous Solution

Nanocrystalline silver particles were prepared via a supercritical fluid processing technique RESOLV (Rapid Expansion of a Supercritical Solution into a Liquid SOLVent) coupled with chemical reduction. The preparation involved the rapid expansion of a supercritical ammonia solution of silver nitrate into an ambient solution that contained sodium borohydride or hydrazine as reducing agent and poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein as the protection agent for the resulting nanoparticle suspension. The nanoparticles were characterized using UV/vis absorption, X-ray powder diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy methods. The results show that the BSA protein-protected Ag nanoparticles are much larger than those obtained with PVP as protection agent under otherwise the same experimental conditions but still maintain relatively narrow size distributions. Mechanistic implications of the results are discussed.
A Machine-Independent Theory of the Complexity of Recursive Functions

The number of steps required to compute a function depends, in general, on the type of computer that is used, on the choice of computer program, and on the input-output code. Nevertheless, the results obtained in this paper are so general as to be nearly independent of these considerations.A function is exhibited that requires an enormous number of steps to be computed, yet has a “nearly quickest” program: Any other program for this function, no matter how ingeniously designed it may be, takes practically as many steps as this nearly quickest program.A different function is exhibited with the property that no matter how fast a program may be for computing this function another program exists for computing the function very much faster.
To Extend, or to Shorten: Optimal Lifetime Planning

Extending the life of a product through remanufacturing or refurbishing is generally regarded as being “greener” than new production, as it avoids the resource consumption and waste generation associated with the new production; however, when considering improved performance of new products, extending the lifetime of less efficient, less productive old products may not always be greener than new production. Shortening the product’s life by early replacement with a newer, more efficient product can be a better option, as “Cash-for-Clunker” programs have claimed. This paper presents a generic model to decide optimal lifetime strategy for a product. Three different lifetime strategies—to maintain, to extend, and to shorten the current lifetime—are compared from an environmental perspective, for a given time horizon. The average environmental impact per unit production is used as the basis for a fair comparison. Applied with an optimization technique, the model can also identify the optimal lifetime length of a product. To illustrate, the developed model is applied to an example of complex heavy-duty, off-road equipment.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Distribution and binding of radioactivity in the starling after intravenous administration of [14C]3-chloro-p-toluidine.

Abstract Ring labeled avicide [ 14 C]3-chloro- p -toluidine HCl (CPT) was injected (14.7 μCi) by intravenous route to starlings. The radioactivity was found to be unevenly distributed in different parts of the body. The retention half-life of radioactivity in brain, spleen, heart, and bone marrow was approximately similar to that of the plasma and ranged from 3–6 hr. A longer retention of radioactivity (8–14.6 hr) than that of the plasma was found in the muscle, lung, liver, and kidney. Of the nine tissues examined, a substantial amount of [ 14 C]CPT radioactivity was found covalently bound only to liver and kidney proteins. The extent of covalent binding to kidney protein always exceeded the binding to liver protein. Microscopic examination of liver and kidney sections prepared from the birds 12 hr after [ 14 C]CPT injection revealed marked histopathological changes in the liver and somewhat less striking changes in the kidney. The changes in liver were vacuolation and varying degrees of necrosis ranging from focal to diffuse. In kidney, the pathological changes included hyaline granularity of the cytoplasm. Pretreatment of birds with a microsomal enzyme inducer, phenobarbital, or tissue glutathione depletor, diethylmaleate, had no effect on covalent binding of [ 14 C]CPT radioactivity to liver protein. These pretreatments, however, enhanced the binding significantly to kidney protein without producing any significant effect on kidney pathology. SKF 525A in phenobarbital pretreated birds had a marked inhibitory effect on covalent binding of [ 14 C]CPT radioactivity to liver protein. Various explanations have been offered to account for the discrepancy regarding the lack of a positive correlation between the extent of covalent binding of [ 14 C]CPT radioactivity and tissue lesion in starlings. It has been postulated that an hydroxylamine metabolite of the parent compound possibly binds to liver protein and is responsible for hepatic necrosis.
Mixed meal and light exercise each recruit muscle capillaries in healthy humans.

Intense exercise and insulin each increases total limb blood flow and recruits muscle capillaries, presumably to facilitate nutrient exchange. Whether mixed meals or light exercise likewise recruit...
Persistence and lurkers in discussion lists: a pilot study

In email-based discussion lists (DLs), messages resident in archives, email clients and elsewhere are persistent. One way of examining persistent messages is through the eyes of lurkers. For participants in this study, persistent conversation is an inhibitor to participation, a mechanism for engendering participation, and something to be managed. Participants viewed persistent conversation, especially when it can be retrieved through search mechanisms at a later date, as a loss of security and privacy, and art impediment to public participation. Participants followed conversations to understand the practices and language of a DL. Strategies for reading and managing email were idiosyncratic and goal driven. Some participants were concerned about maintaining access to DL information for future use. Others, more concerned about being overloaded with too much email, focused on eliminating messages. Where possible, design implications are put forward.
Placental iron transmission to the fetal rat after retraction of the uterine mucosa

Abstract Optimal iron transfer to the fetal rat on the 16th day of gestation is dependent upon an intact visceral yolk sac-endometrial relationship. Approximately 42% of the iron accumulated by the fetus on day 16 is obtained from contents of the uterine lumen and is transferred by the circumferential portion of the visceral yolk sac.
Efficient Search for Inversion Transduction Grammar

We develop admissible A* search heuristics for synchronous parsing with Inversion Transduction Grammar, and present results both for bitext alignment and for machine translation decoding. We also combine the dynamic programming hook trick with A* search for decoding. These techniques make it possible to find optimal alignments much more quickly, and make it possible to find optimal translations for the first time. Even in the presence of pruning, we are able to achieve higher BLEU scores with the same amount of computation.
Theory of symmetry in nuclear magnetic relaxation including applications to high resolution N.M.R. line shapes

It is shown in discussing problems involving magnetic relaxation in liquids that, whilst the usual Hilbert space spanned by all the eigenkets of the spin hamiltonian does not reflect any symmetry inherent in the spin system, the vector space (Liouville space) comprising all operators of the spin system does so. The transformation properties of the Liouville operator, as reflected by those of the high resolution spin hamiltonian and relaxation operators whose effects are introduced by means of Redfield relaxation theory, with respect to arbitrary rotations of the coordinate system are investigated. The use of irreducible tensor operators as a set of basis operators spanning Liouville space is stressed, since it is shown that their super-matrix elements of the Liouville operator are given by the Wigner-Eckart theorem provided that relaxation by anisotropy of the chemical shift or anisotropic random fields is absent. These arguments are independent of the fine details of molecular reorientation in the extrem...
Effect Of Combined Application Of Cattle Manure And Em On The Yield And Yield Components Of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

The field experiment was conducted at the Eastern Region of Sri Lanka to evaluate the effects of cattle manure with EM soil application on the yield and yield components of groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) cv Indi . It consisted of 10 treatments replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were five levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t/ha) of cattle manure (CM) with and without EM soil application. Air dry cattle manure was incorporated into soil two weeks before sowing and EM solution was sprayed to soil at two week intervals from flowering to maturity of the crop. All other agronomic practices were followed according to the recommendation. The results showed that the increase of cattle manure (up to 15 t/ha) combined with EM increased the number of pods, weight of pods and kernels per plant, 100-kernel weight, shelling % and total yield. Higher kernel yield (3.42 t/ha) was obtained from 15 t/ha CM + EM application. The kernel yield in the control treatment (chemical fertilizer only) was 2.78 t/ha, which was comparable to 2.81 t/ha of kernel with 15 t/ha CM application alone. This study revealed that cattle manure at the rate of 15 t/ha coupled with EM would give better yield of groundnut and it can replace chemical fertilizer use. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(1): 1-9, March 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15184
Passive localization using a spatially-referenced towed array

We extend our work on the location estimation error performance of towed line array configurations of uniformly spaced passive hydrophones with emphasis on the spatially-referenced towed array (SPARTA). Using Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) analysis as the means to compare the potential performance of different array configurations with spherical wavefront arrivals, we have previously shown that the variance of location estimates can be slightly improved for small observation times if a SPARTA is used instead of a conventional towed array (CTA) when the frequency of a fixed-position source is unknown. In this paper, the relationship between spherical wave location estimation CRLBs and plane wave bearing estimation CRLBs is shown, the realization of the CRLB by the maximum likelihood (ML) method is revisited, and the performance of towed arrays over longer observation times is considered. The combination of all these results helps to determine under what conditions the SPARTA can provide the potential for improved source localization. >
Snap of the Whip/Crossroads of Shame: Flogging, Photography, and the Representation of Atrocity in the Congo Reform Campaign

This article examines the recurrent iconography of the black body under the whip, and its ambivalent reception among British evangelical Christians during the colonial era. Flogging images have often been mixed signs, generating variously sympathetic, antipathetic, and even voyeuristic responses toward those pictured as being in pain. They are linked to a wider world of images of pain used variously, both publicly and privately, as an accusation and as a source of shameful pleasure. The specific case explored is the novel use of photography of flogging and other atrocities in the historic campaign to expose and end abuses in the Congo during the first decade of the 20th century. I describe how pictures of atrocities served as marks of painful contact between Africa and Europe, and salvation and shame. This is followed by a discussion of the ethics of reenactment and representation of the pain of others.
Bandwidth dependence of the heterodyne efficiency in low coherence interferometry

The effect of radiation bandwidth on the heterodyne detection process is discussed. We show that, although neglected in current formalisms, the spectral changes induced by the scattering process are decreasing the heterodyne detection efficiency. This effect depends on the bandwidth of the radiation used.