cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two-phase plume impingement effects

Tests were conducted in a blow-down type, two-phase, supersonic wind tunnel using helium carrier gas to accelerate micron-sized aluminum oxide particles to velocities ranging from 1300 to 2300 m/sec. The particle mass flux ranged from 0.4 to 2.6 g/cm sec which corresponds to conditions typical of the near field of solid-propellant motors. A number of target materials were tested including stainless steel, teflon, carbon cloth phenolic, quartz cloth phenolic, ATJ graphite, and pyrolytic boron nitride. In order to determine the effect of angle of incidence on the nature of the particlesurface interaction, the targets were designed to provide information on impingement forces over the full range from grazing to normal impact. Specifically, impact angles of 90° (normal), 60°, and 20° were selected. Force measurements were made with a three component balance. The balance was instrumented to detect directly the axial force and two bending moments, where the latter could be resolved into the transverse component of force and a pure residual moment acting on the target. In addition, the flowfield surrounding the target was examined photographically, using schlieren and light transmission and scattering techniques. For the range of experimental conditions, the particle impact was found to be inelastic for moderate to large angles of incidence and partially elastic for grazing incidence. The measured forces, which were observed to be independent of particle size, shock layer gas density and target material, were less than the theoretical forces by an amount dependent only on the angle of incidence. The most significant experimental result, however, was the discovery that a dense debris layer, comprised primarily of spent projectile material, formed immediately ahead of the target, partially shielding it from subsequent impact by oncoming particles. Although a large fraction of the incident particle momentum diffused through the layer and was transferred to the target, a significant fraction of the incident particle kinetic energy was absorbed by the impact debris with a corresponding decrease in target damage. The latter effect was accentuated with increasing particle mass flux where relative target damage, i.e., the ratio of target mass loss to mass of impinging particles, was observed to rapidly diminish.
Imaging Evaluation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer death worldwide. Numerous surgical and nonsurgical treatment options are available for treating patients with HCC. Successful long-term outcome is dependent on early detection and accurate delineation of the number and location of tumor nodules. Noninvasive imaging modalities, including ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography, are commonly used in the initial evaluation of these patients. Herein, the authors present the different manifestations of HCC with these imaging modalities and the role of imaging in the follow-up of patients after nonsurgical treatment.
Visibility-reducing species in the denver “brown cloud”—I. Relationships between extinction and chemical composition

Simultaneous measurements of the extinction coefficient due to particle absorption and particle scattering were made for 41 consecutive days during November and December, 1978 in Denver, Colorado. The scattering coefficient was measured with integrating nephelometers operating at both ambient conditions and in a heated mode. In this manner, the scattering due to absorbed water could be distinguished from the scattering due to dry particles. The absorption coefficient was determined by the integrating plate method. In addition, 4-h measurements of sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, organic carbon, elemental carbon and fine particulate mass, as well as continuous measurements of nitrogen dioxide were made. In Denver, on the average, the constant Rayleigh scattering is 7% of the total extinction. The contributions to the variable part of the extinction are 7% by NO2 absorption, 29% by particle absorption and 64% by scattering due to particulate matter plus associated water. If the water was removed from the aerosol, the light scattering by the aerosol would decline by 38%. Using multivariate statistical analyses, a model was developed which relates the concentrations of these species to the various components of the extinction coefficient. The model predicts extinction coefficients which are in excellent agreement with the observed values with a correlation coefficient of 0.97. According to the model, ammonium sulfate accounts for 20% of the variable part of the visibility reduction, ammonium nitrate 17%, organic compounds 13%, elemental carbon 38%, and other particulate matter 7%. Absorption by NO2 is responsible for 6% of the visibility reduction. Thirty one per cent of the extinction is due to absorption of light by elemental carbon. Most of the visibility reduction is due to particles smaller than 2.5 μm, although a minor contribution is due to elemental carbon larger than 2.5 μm.
Embedment Instrumentation for Prestressed Concrete Pressure Vessels

Abstract An investigation is being conducted to evaluate the performance of various types of concrete and embedment instrumentation in order to determine present capability for monitoring of prestressed concrete reactor vessels for their projected 20–30 yr operating life-times. The initial phase of the investigation consisted of a technology assessment and an experimental evaluation of commercial concrete embedment strain gages to determine basic gage characteristics and performance under both simulated PCRV and extreme environments. It was concluded that (1) gage selection should be based on specific applications, (2) gage calibration factors should be determined for each application, (3) improved materials and sealing techniques are needed, and (4) other promising measurement techniques should be evaluated.
Effects of a glucocorticoid on the concentrations of CoA and carnitine esters and on redox state in bovine liver.

1 In this study, the hepatic concentrations of free and acetylated CoA and carnitine, and also hepatic redox state, have been determined in normal lactating cows and in lactating cows to which voren (dexamethasone 21-pyridine-4-carboxylate) was administered 48 h previously. 2 The values for the hepatic [CoA]/[acetyl-CoA] and [carnitine]/[acetylcarnitine] ratios in the normal cow were found to be lower than the corresponding values previously reported for other species. Voren administration brought about an increase in both these ratios. Only the increase for the [CoA]/[acetyl-CoA] ratio was statistically significant, however. 3 Using the lactate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase systems, respectively, values were obtained for the cytosolic and mitochondrial [NAD+]free/[NADH]free ratios in normal bovine liver that were similar to the corresponding values previously obtained for rat liver. Following voren administration there was a fall in the cytosolic value for this ratio and a rise in the mitochondrial value, so that the equilibrium between the cytosolic and mitochondrial redox states appeared to be disrupted. 4 Following voren administration there was an increase in the degree of reduction of total NAD. 5 The results are discussed in relation to the antiketogenic action of voren in the cow.
Exogenous Auxin Effects on Lateral Bud Outgrowth in Decapitated Shoots

Abstract In 1933 Thimann and Skoog demonstrated exogenous auxin repression of lateral bud outgrowth in decapitated shoots of Vicia faba . This evidence has given strong support for a role of auxin in apical dominance. Most, but not all, investigators have confirmed Thimann and Skoog's results. In the present study, auxin treatments were carried out on ten different species or plant types, many of which were treated with auxin in different forms, media and under different light conditions. The Thimann–Skoog experiment did work for most species (i.e. exogenous auxin did repress bud outgrowth) including the dgt tomato mutant which is known to be insensitive to auxin in certain responses. Toxic auxin symptoms were observed in some but not all species. The Thimann–Skoog experiment did not work for greenhouse-grown Coleus or for Arabidopsis . Light was shown to reduce apical dominance in Coleus and Ipomoea nil .
CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES OF THE NEONATAL CANINE TO DOPAMINE, DOBUTAMINE AND ISOPROTERENOL

To determine if there are age-related differences of the cardiovascular (CV) responses to dopamine (Dp), Dobutamine (Db) and isoproterenol (I), we recorded cardiac output (CO), renal blood flow (RBF), central aortic blood pressure (CAP) and heart rate (HR) in 24 anesthetized puppies 1-65 days old and 3 adult dogs during incremental infusion of Dp, Db, (2-50 μg/kg/min) and I (0.05-1 μg/kg/min). Relatively high doses (20-50 μg/kg/min)of Dp produced a greater increase in CO and CAP in adult dogs than in puppies but RBF and HR were increased equally in both groups at all doses. In puppies, CO was reduced at low doses of Db (2-10 μg/kg/min) but increased at high doses (20-50 μg/kg/min). In adult dogs, CO was increased by all doses of Db. RBF was decreased in puppies but was increased in adult dogs by all doses of Db, but CAP and HR increased equally in both groups. There was no difference between adult dogs and puppies in their CV responses to I. ABF, RBF, and CAP were increased more by Dp than by Db or I at all ages. HR was increased more by I than by Dp or Db. RBF and CAP were decreased from control at all doses of I. This study demonstrates age-related differences in the response of the CV system to Dp and Db but not to I. In anesthestized canines, Dp is more effective in increasing ABF, RBF, and CAP than Db or I.
Nonlinear supersonic flutter of laminated composite plates under thermal loads

Abstract It is the intent of this paper to study the geometrically nonlinear supersonic flutter characteristics of laminated composite thin-plate structures subjected to thermal loads. Interactive effects between the critical temperature difference and critical aerodynamic pressure for the plates are also studied. A 48 degree-of-freedom rectangular laminated thin-plate finite element, including the effects of thermal and aerodynamic loads as well as geometrical nonlinearity is formulated. The formulation is based on the classical lamination theory. The aerodynamic pressure due to supersonic potential flow is described by the two-dimensional quasi-steady supersonic theory. To evaluate the validity and to demonstrate the applicability of the present development, a series of nonlinear free vibration and supersonic flutter analyses of isotropic and laminated composite thin plates are performed. The results quantify the effect of geometric nonlinearity on the supersonic flutter behavior of the present plates. The effects of fiber orientation, magnitude and type of temperature distribution are also discussed based on the present numerical results.
Cloning and Characterization of the Murine Ameloblastin Promoter

Abstract The molecular mechanisms directing the highly restricted expression pattern of murine ameloblastin were characterized by cloning and functional analysis of the ameloblastin promoter. The transcription start site, mapped by primer extension, was located 19 base pairs (bp) 5′ of the published cDNA. The promoter was analyzed in a mouse ameloblast-like cell line (LS8) and was compared with promoter activity in primary gingival fibroblasts and pulp fibroblasts. Sequential 5′-deletion mutants encompassing DNA sequences from −1616 to −781 bp exhibited high promoter activity in LS8 cells, whereas the promoter activity decreased to 50% of the full-length construct in the −781- and −477-bp regions. The −217-bp promoter region regained promoter activity that approached the activity of the full-length promoter construct, suggesting that both positive and negativecis-acting regions may be involved in ameloblastin transcriptional regulation. Activity of the ameloblastin promoter in gingival and pulp fibroblasts was minimal and ranged from 8 to 30% of the activity in ameloblast-like cells. Several DNA-protein complexes were formed between functionally important promoter fragments and nuclear extracts from LS8 cells. The inactivity of promoter constructs in pulp and gingival fibroblasts as well as the absence of similar DNA-protein complexes from these cells suggest that regulatory regions of the murine ameloblastin promoter may function in a cell-specific manner.
Perivascular Adipose Tissue: A Novel Regulator of Vascular Tone in the Rat Pregnancy.

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) contributes to vasoregulation. The role of this adipose tissue bed in pregnancy has not been examined. Here, we tested the hypothesis that PVAT in pregnant rats decreases resistance artery tone. Mesenteric arteries from nonpregnant (NP) and late pregnant (LP) rats were exposed to phenylephrine (PHE) or KCl in the presence (+) versus absence (−) of PVAT. The LP PVAT(+) vessels showed a 44% decrease in sensitivity to PHE in the presence of PVAT. There was no attenuation of the contractile response to KCl when PVAT was present. The LP arteries perfused with LP or NP PVAT underwent vasodilation; unexpectedly, NP vessels in the presence of PVAT from LP rats sustained a 48% vasoconstriction. The PVAT attenuates vasoconstriction by a mechanism that involves hyperpolarization. The vasoconstriction observed when nonpregnant vessels were exposed to pregnant PVAT suggests pregnant vessels adapt to the vasoconstricting influence of pregnant PVAT.
THE CALIFORNIA TEST OF PERSONALITY AS A MEASURE OF CHANGE IN THE PERSONALITY STRUCTURE OF TEACHER-AIDES IN A 2-WEEK WORKSHOP

Thirty-six teacher-aides were administered the California Test of Personality (CTP) at the beginning and end of a 2-week pre-service workshop a.) to assess their personality structure prior to training and b.) to note any significant changes in personality structure which might have occurred during the workshop. On the initial test the means of the teacher-aide group were found to be at or above the means of the standardization population on all fifteen of the CTP scales. A positive increase in group means was found on thirteen of the fifteen CTP scales. Nine of the thirteen increases were statistically significant (p.<.05). Significantly greater mean gain was found for the composite scale “Social Adjustment” than for the composite scale “Personal Adjustment.” “Total Adjustment” gain was also significant.
Manipulating Multidimensional Nonlinear Spectra of Excitons by Coherent Control with Polarization Pulse Shaping

Femtosecond two-pulse photon echo signals of excitons from a chiral porphyrin dimer are simulated using the CGF (cumulant expansion of Gaussian fluctuations) method. The spectra are disentangled using various optimization strategies for the spectral, temporal and polarization profiles of the pulse.
Let Therapists Be Therapists, Not Police

What are the responsibilities of a mental health professional who becomes aware in the course of treatment that a patient is engaging in behavior that may violate institutional rules or criminal la...
Network support for lossless digital image browsing

There are two main characteristics that distinguish ordinary video applications from lossless digital image browsing: first, digital images used in medical imaging and scientific visualization applications usually can not tolerate any compromise of image quality; second, unlike live or playback video, browsing implies different playback rates. With these differences, it is not longer possible to increase the browsing speed by dropping alternate frames or by increasing compression ratios as done in video applications. From a network's point of view, the image browsing applications send data at different rates during different periods of time. These type of applications require guaranteed performance service in terms of bandwidth, end-to-end delay and jitter, however, their performance requirements change during the lifetime of the application. Most of the existing solutions that support guaranteed performance services require resource reservation on a per-connection basis and the amount of resources reserved during the lifetime of the connection is usually fixed. The static nature of this type of resource reservation does not easily accommodate the dynamics inherent in applications like lossless image browsing. In this paper, we propose a new abstraction called Dynamic Connection Management (DCM) within the framework of guaranteed performance communications. The DCM scheme provides the network with the ability to modify the performance parameters of any active connection subject to a modification contract. We describe the DCM scheme, validate the design with simulation experiments, and present a prototype implementation within the context of the Sequoia 2000 project.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Hematology: Bortezomib and dexamethasone induction for multiple myeloma.

An important phase III trial involving transplant-eligible patients with multiple myeloma compared bortezomib and dexamethasone (BzD) induction with the previous standard of care. BzD was associated with a higher overall response and a deeper response to therapy that translated to superior responses following high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation.
Use of linear and nonlinear algorithms in the acceleration of doubly infinite Green's function series

It is shown that the application of linear and nonlinear algorithms improves the convergence of the series representing the doubly infinite free-space periodic Green's function. The numerical results indicate that the algorithms converge faster than the first-order acceleration. Convergence properties of the Green's function series are reported for the ‘on plane’ case in which the seriesjias the slowest convergence. The number of terms taken in the series and a relative error measure are given for various values of a convergence factor as the observation point is taken different locations within a unit cell.
Photocurrent Spectrum and Photoelectron Counts Produced by a Gas Laser

The anode-current spectrum of a photomultiplier illuminated by light of time-varying intensity is obtained theoretically. The moments of the photoelectron counts under the same conditions are derived. The expressions are evaluated for the case of light emitted from a laser oscillator by using a semiclassical theory of the Van der Pol oscillator. The theoretical predictions are compared with experiments in which the spectrum of the photomultiplier was observed in the range 0-17 Mc/sec and counts were recorded for counting intervals in the range between ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ and ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ sec. The three lowest order factorial moments were evaluated as functions of $T$ and compared with theory. The spectral data are used to predict the counting data and a comparison is made. The signal-to-noise ratio of the two types of experiments is evaluated and found to be comparable.
One-port retroperitoneoscopic assisted pyeloplasty versus open dismembered pyeloplasty in young children: preliminary experience.

Purpose: We propose 1-port retroperitoneoscopic assisted pyeloplasty as a minimally invasive approach and compare the results to open dismembered pyeloplasty.Materials and Methods: All patients 6 months to 5 years old presenting with ureteropelvic junction obstruction between January 2008 and June 2009 were offered 1-port retroperitoneoscopic assisted pyeloplasty. Age matched patients who underwent open dismembered pyeloplasty during 2007 served as controls. The ureteropelvic junction was isolated retroperitoneoscopically and exteriorized through a single operative trocar. Pyeloplasty was performed in an open fashion with Double-J® stenting. Operative time, postoperative pain, surgical complications, hospital stay, ultrasound and mercaptoacetyltriglycine nuclear scan results at 6-month followup were evaluated and compared. Chi-square test and Student's t test were adopted for statistical analysis, with p <0.05 considered statistically significant.Results: A total of 28 children (17 males) with a mean age ...
Exploratory bifactor analysis of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Fifth Edition with the 16 primary and secondary subtests

Abstract Despite substantial revisions involved in creating the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Fifth Edition (WISC-V; Wechsler, 2014a), the test publisher relied exclusively upon confirmatory factor analytic procedures to determine the instrument's structure and failed to apportion the variance among factors and subtests. To fill this lacuna, the factor structure of the 16 primary and secondary subtests of the WISC-V standardization sample was examined with exploratory bifactor analysis (EBFA). EBFA results provided strong support for a general intelligence (g) factor, but nominal evidence for three group factors (i.e., Processing Speed, Working Memory, and Perceptual Reasoning). There was no evidence for distinct verbal, fluid reasoning or visual–spatial factors. The g factor accounted for large portions of total and common subtest variance while the group factors accounted for negligible portions of total and common variance. These results suggest that clinical interpretation of the WISC-V should reside primarily at the global level (i.e., Full Scale IQ).
Association between low levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and breast cancer risk.

Objective To determine if blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-D) or its active metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-D), are lower in women at the time of first diagnosis of breast cancer than in comparable women without breast cancer. Design This was a clinic-based case-control study with controls frequency-matched to cases on race, age, clinic and month of blood drawing. Setting University-based breast referral clinics. Subjects One hundred and fifty-six women with histologically documented adenocarcinoma of the breast and 184 breast clinic controls. Results There were significant mean differences in 1,25-D levels (pmol ml(-1)) between breast cancer cases and controls; white cases had lower 1,25-D levels than white controls (mean difference +/-SE: -11.08+/-0.76), and black cases had higher 1.25-D levels than black controls (mean difference +/-SE: 4.54+/-2.14), although the number of black women in the study was small. After adjustment for age, assay batch, month of blood draw, clinic and sample storage time, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval, CI) for lowest relative to highest quartile was 5.2 (95% CI 2.1, 12.8) for white cases and controls. The association in white women was stronger in women above the median age of 54 than in younger women, 4.7 (95% CI 2.1, 10.2) vs. 1.5 (95% CI 0.7, 3.0). There were no case-control differences in 25-D levels in either group. Conclusions These data are consistent with a protective effect of 1,25-D for breast cancer in white women.
Sorting - a new/old problem

With text processing growing in importance as a computer application, the problems of sorting and merging will be encountered with increasing frequency. Various techniques have been used in ordering alphabetic strings, but text processing, involving upper- and lower-case alphabets, introduces an extra degree of freedom and complexity to the problem. This paper will present APL models of a solution for the generalized sorting problem.
A high fidelity wide bandwidth (HFWB) buck converter with switching ripple cancellation for wireless communication application

This paper presents a ripple based fixed on time control scheme for a novel high efficiency linear transmitter. To support FCC power emission mask, this control scheme needs to have a wide bandwidth and to achieve high fidelity. Moreover, in order to improve linearity at far band due to extreme stringent emission mask regulation of the FCC, an auxiliary cancellation branch is adopted. The theoretical derivation in frequency domain is given to prove the system stability and high control bandwidth. Detailed large and small signals analyses of the modulator design are also presented in this paper. The simulation results are provided to verify the proposed design.
Fault mitigation in safety-critical software systems

Software hazard analysis involves identifying safety faults in software and mitigating their causes. Designing safe systems is a creative process and there are no systematic guidelines for generating safe designs. Here, the authors present some patterns of safety fault mitigation in medical devices, which were identified from a case study at the Guidant Corporation. These patterns prescribe appropriate fault mitigation processes and techniques for different safely situations. The patterns are classified into two major categories. Process Patterns and Technique Patterns. The process patterns are the patterns found in the process and decisions taken by engineers during safety analysis. The technique patterns are patterns found in the various mitigation techniques used to mitigate faults. The factors affecting the usage of these patterns and the process of mitigation are also discussed here.
A Hierarchy of Deterministic Procurement-Inventory Systems

The research results reported in this paper present a higher level generalization about deterministic procurement-inventory systems embracing multi-item and multisource characteristics. Lower ordered deterministic systems embracing single-item or single-source characteristics are also presented. Dynamic programming is used to find the optimal procurement and inventory policy for each system in the hierarchy.
Identification and characterization of a novel scFv recognizing human and mouse CD133

CD133, also known as Prominin-1, is expressed on stem cells present in many tissues and tumors. In this work, we have identified and characterized a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) for the efficient and specific recognition of CD133. Phage display was used to develop the scFv from a previously reported anti-CD133 hybridoma clone 7, which was capable of recognizing both glycosylated and non-glycosylated forms of human CD133. The scFv immunostained CD133(+) Caco-2 cells, but not CD133(-/low) U87 cells. Significantly, it immunostained CD133(-) cells transiently transfected with the mouse CD133 gene as well as CD133(+) mouse cells. Co-immunostaining studies in mouse bone marrow cells, using anti-CD133 scFv-FITC and anti-mouse CD133-PE (clone 13A4) commercial antibody, indicated that the epitopes recognized by these reagents partially overlap. Taken together, these results suggest that the scFv can recognize mouse CD133 protein in addition to recognizing human CD133. This new scFv is expected to be valuable both as a molecular diagnostic reagent for identifying CD133(+) cells and as a ligand for targeting therapeutics to CD133(+) tumor-initiating cells.
Dr. Peter Emil Becker and the Third Reich

In 1985 the physician after whom Becker Muscular Dystrophy is named, German neurologist Dr. Peter Emil Becker (1908−2000), published an autobiographical article in the American Journal of Medical Genetics in which he disavowed any association with the Nazi Party. A closer look at the evidence, however, suggests otherwise. Review of war records and related sources raise concern for Dr. Becker's affiliation with the Nazi Party and his contributions to its ideology. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Submicrometer all-optical digital memory and integration of nanoscale photonic devices without isolators

In this paper, the authors introduce multibit all-optical memory devices in nanostructured photonic-crystal circuits using only intrinsic nonresonant optical nonlinearities of semiconductors. Introduced devices can record incoming pulses at speeds of 10 Gb/s using power levels less than 1 mW or at speeds approaching 70 Gb/s using power levels of 10 mW. The incoming pulses are recorded in high-contrast digital output levels independent of the input bit format. The devices exhibit tunable gain for fan-out with negligible reflection and low dissipation and can provide signal regeneration, including reshaping and retiming. Separate signal, clock and reset inputs, and memory outputs coexist without any crosstalk. Input, clock, and output operating frequencies can be independently tuned. By simulating the operation of such all-optical memory devices, it is also shown that nanoscale optical devices can be cascaded to construct densely integrated systems without any isolators or amplifiers, even in the presence of reflections.
Subject strategies and interference in a discrete motor task

Three groups of Ss were trained to use different cues in learning a simple motor task. All Ss then made three series of test movements, each series including an original movement, an interpolated movement, and recall and relearning of the original movement. The degree to which different kinds of interpolated movements interfered with relearning was dependent on the cues used by S in learning the movement. Group differences in response to the training trials and in retention were also discussed.
Particle loading rates for HVAC filters, heat exchangers, and ducts.

The rate at which airborne particulate matter deposits onto heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) components is important from both indoor air quality (IAQ) and energy perspectives. This modeling study predicts size-resolved particle mass loading rates for residential and commercial filters, heat exchangers (i.e. coils), and supply and return ducts. A parametric analysis evaluated the impact of different outdoor particle distributions, indoor emission sources, HVAC airflows, filtration efficiencies, coils, and duct system complexities. The median predicted residential and commercial loading rates were 2.97 and 130 g/m 2 month for the filter loading rates, 0.756 and 4.35 g/m 2 month for the coil loading rates, 0.0051 and 1.00 g/month for the supply duct loading rates, and 0.262 g/month for the commercial return duct loading rates. Loading rates are more dependent on outdoor particle distributions, indoor sources, HVAC operation strategy, and filtration than other considered parameters. The results presented herein, once validated, can be used to estimate filter changing and coil cleaning schedules, energy implications of filter and coil loading, and IAQ impacts associated with deposited particles.
Adhesion study of polyimide to SI surfaces

The blister test is applied to the type of thin-film structures used in microelectronic packaging. The main advantage of this test is that most of the energy expended is responsible for interfacial fracture, allowing the determination of a fracture energy that closely represents the true interfacial adhesion strength between a thin film and a rigid substrate. It has been proved quantitatively that surface modification contributes to enhanced adhesion. It is found that the critical pressure at which debonding occurs does not correlate with the fracture energy measured in the blister test. Reproducibility of the fracture energy is exceptionally good and allows determination of the optimal thermal condition for promoting adhesion of polyimide on silicon surfaces.
Tooth Loss, Systemic Inflammation, and Prevalent Stroke Among Participants in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Difference in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Abstract Background and purpose Periodontal disease results in tooth loss, may contribute to systemic inflammation, and is associated with stroke. We examined cross-sectional associations between tooth loss, inflammation markers, stroke, race, and geographic region among participants in the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke (REGARDS) study of whites and blacks ≥45 years. Methods We studied 24,393 participants. Associations of tooth loss and inflammation markers (C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count (WBC) and albumin) were examined by linear regression, and associations of tooth loss with geographic region, race, and prevalent stroke by logistic regression. Results Compared to whites, blacks had an odds ratio of 1.48 (95% confidence interval 1.37–1.60) of having more teeth lost. There were no geographic differences in tooth loss. Compared to no tooth loss, those with 17–32 teeth lost had 1.17mg/L higher CRP ( p × 10 9 /L higher WBC ( p =0.008), did not differ in albumin, and had an odds ratio of prevalent stroke of 1.28 (1.09–1.49). Those with 1–16 teeth lost did not differ in CRP and WBC, had 0.03g/dL higher albumin ( p =0.004), and had no increased stroke prevalence. CRP or WBC did not attenuate associations between tooth loss and stroke. Conclusions Tooth loss, which varied with race, but not region of residence, was associated with inflammation markers and stroke. The latter association was not confounded by inflammation markers.
Adaptive Memory The Comparative Value of Survival Processing

We recently proposed that human memory systems are "tuned" to remember information that is processed for survival, perhaps as a result of fitness advantages accrued in the ancestral past. This proposal was supported by experiments in which participants showed superior memory when words were rated for survival relevance, at least relative to when words received other forms of deep processing. The current experiments tested the mettle of survival memory by pitting survival processing against conditions that are universally accepted as producing excellent retention, including conditions in which participants rated words for imagery, pleasantness, and self-reference; participants also generated words, studied words with the intention of learning them, or rated words for relevance to a contextually rich (but non-survival-related) scenario. Survival processing yielded the best retention, which suggests that it may be one of the best encoding procedures yet discovered in the memory field.
Internet-based supervisory control and stability analysis for time delay

The main objective of this research is to demonstrate experimentally the feasibility of using the Internet for distributed real-time control. A magnetic ball levitation system was developed as a test bed for the experimental verification of the real-time supervisory control scheme via the Internet. This supervisory control is based on the client/server architecture. With CGI (common gateway interface) and HTML (hypertext markup language) codes, it has been shown that a client can change the position commands, modify the control parameters, and receive the experimental results in real time. We propose a methodology of using timeout and sensor data estimation along with the controller to stabilize the system with bounded sporadic time delay in the Internet. The algorithm increased the mean allowable time delay following a uniform distribution from 90 /spl mu/s to 836 /spl mu/s. This algorithm also ensures the system stability at a sampling frequency of 333.3 Hz in the presence of bounded sporadic surges in time delays.
A Prospective Examination of Weight Gain in Hospitalized Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa on a Recommended Refeeding Protocol

Purpose Current refeeding recommendations for adolescents hospitalized with anorexia nervosa (AN) are conservative, starting with low calories and advancing slowly to avoid refeeding syndrome. The purpose of this study was to examine weight change and clinical outcomes in hospitalized adolescents with AN on a recommended refeeding protocol.
Factors Affecting Acquisition of Beliefs about a New Reward System

This paper examines the relationships between individual, organizational, and interpersonal variables on the acquisition of beliefs about a new organizational reward system. The setting for the research is the introduc-tion of a companywide incentive plan (Scanlon Plan) into a manufacturing plant. Two types of beliefs are analyzed: (1) the belief that suggestion-making behavior leads to a reward (system expectancy); and (2) the belief that, given the effort, the individual can make productivity-related sugges-tions (self-expectancy). After the introduction of the reward system, managers' beliefs about this new Plan are more affected by individual level variables (e.g., educational level), while beliefs of blue-collar workers seem more affected by organizational (e.g., nature of task) or interpersonal variables. A measurement 6 months after the Scanlon Plan had been in operation seemed to indicate that the beliefs remained relatively stable. However, despite frequent bonuses from and participation in the n...
Effect of T2* correction on contrast kinetic model analysis using a reference tissue arterial input function at 7 T.

We aimed to investigate the effect of $$ T_{2}^{*} $$ correction on estimation of kinetic parameters from T 1-weighted dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI data when a reference-tissue arterial input function (AIF) is used. DCE-MRI data were acquired from seven mice with 4T1 mouse mammary tumors using a double gradient echo sequence at 7 T. The AIF was estimated from a region of interest in the muscle. The extended Tofts model was used to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters in the enhancing part of the tumor, with and without $$ T_{2}^{*} $$ correction of the lesion and AIF. The parameters estimated with $$ T_{2}^{*} $$ correction of both the AIF and lesion time-intensity curve were assumed to be the reference standard. For the whole population, there was significant difference (p < 0.05) in transfer constant (K trans) between $$ T_{2}^{*} $$ corrected and not corrected methods, but not in interstitial volume fraction (v e). Individually, no significant differences were found in K trans and v e of four and six tumors, respectively, between the $$ T_{2}^{*} $$ corrected and not corrected methods. In contrast, K trans was significantly underestimated, if the $$ T_{2}^{*} $$ correction was not used, in other tumors for which the median K trans was larger than 0.4 min−1. $$ T_{2}^{*} $$ effect on tumors with high K trans may not be negligible in kinetic model analysis, even if AIF is estimated from reference tissue where the concentration of contrast agent is relatively low.
Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia and Nonmalignant IgM Monoclonal Gammopathies

The clinical syndrome of macroglobulinemia was first described by Waldenstrom in 1944 and later named macroglobulinemia, in keeping with the observed IgM hyperglobulinemia (Waldenstrom, 1944, 1948). Patients typically presented with lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and lymphocytic infiltrations of bone marrow and other organs. Blood studies showed anemia, relative lymphocytosis, macroglobulinemia, and hyperviscosity. In 1960, Logothetis et al. reviewed the neurologic aspects of Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia and found neurologic involvement in 25% of the cases. They divided these into (1) strokes or acute focal brain syndromes; (2) encephalopathies or multifocal diffuse brain syndromes; (3) subarachnoid hemorrhage; (4) neuropathies; and (5) mixed types. The neurological symptoms appeared four months to nine years after the onset of other systemic manifestations. Approximately 8% of cases had peripheral neuropathies; three patients had a Guillain-Barre-like syndrome, three had sensorimotor polyneuropathy, two had mononeuropathy or mononeuropathy multiplex, and one had paralysis of the facial muscles. In one patient, sensorimotor polyneuropathy was associated with retinal hemorrhages and subarachnoid hemorrhage, and in another it was associated with lymphocytic infiltration of spinal cord and peripheral nerves. As laboratory techniques for detecting serum paraproteins improved, hyperglobulinemia with monoclonal gammopathy of the IgM type was identified more frequently and was also detected in some patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or B-cell lymphoma (Azar et al., 1957; Hobbs et al., 1976) and also in patients without evidence of malignant B-cell proliferation (Hobbs et al., 1976; Kyle, 1978). The latter has been termed benign or nonmalignant monoclonal gammopathy, or monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). It is sometimes difficult to distinguish between the malignant and nonmalignant IgM monoclonal gammopathies, as serum IgM concentrations may remain constant for years, and progression to malignancy may be very slow (Kyle, 1978).
User-based skill assessment techniques for operational hydrodynamic forecast systems

NOAA’s National Ocean Service (NOS) applies hydrodynamic models for the development, transition and implementation of operational forecast systems in US estuaries, ports, lakes and the coastal ocean. These models and systems have applications in the support of safe and efficient marine navigation and emergency response, as well as marine geospatial and ecological applications. As part of the forecast system development, skill assessment is required to evaluate each model system. A forecast model has to be ensured that it has been developed and implemented in a scientifically sound and operationally robust way, and its performance should meet or exceed target benchmarks before its products are approved for release to the public.This paper discusses a new approach for the development of standards and procedures for skill assessment of operational forecast systems, which are designed primarily to support marine transportation and emergency response. Accordingly, this skill assessment focuses on variables, st...
A Qualitative Investigation of Need Fulfillment and Motivational Profiles in Collegiate Cheerleading

Purpose: Cheerleading is one of the fastest-growing sports in the United States. Members of spirit squads play an undeniable role in developing a university's athletic image, and participation in cheer has the potential to affect adolescents and young adults in a positive manner. Yet, cheerleaders also encounter stereotypes, constant trivialization, and a relative lack of external rewards. Given this complex contextual and situational environment, the current investigation was designed to better understand why people are motivated to participate in collegiate cheerleading. More specifically, guided by the premises of self-determination theory (SDT), this study explored motivational profiles and basic psychological need satisfaction (i.e., competence, autonomy, and relatedness) across different contexts and situations that comprise the collegiate cheerleading environment. Method: Consistent with established guidelines for qualitative inquiry, 12 collegiate cheerleaders were interviewed at 3 separate time p...
Evaluation of HEVC compression for high bit depth medical images

We evaluate the performance of HEVC Intra and Inter coding of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard based medical images in both lossless and lossy mode compared to JPEG 2000 (JP2). Prior studies have used Main Still Profile to evaluate lossless HEVC Intra coding whereas we have used HEVC Range extension Profiles. Besides lossless Intra coding, our study evaluates lossless Inter prediction of DICOM based medical image series. The results show that HEVC Inter Prediction achieves reduction in file size up to 39% for the lossless inter mode and up to 94% for lossy mode in case of images with low loss accepted in some medical imaging (PSNR greater than 50 dB). This reduction of file size is significant and can be used to reduce transmission and storage cost especially in a cloud based e-healthcare scenario.
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL ROTOR ABLATION IN IN-SILICO MODELING OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: COMPARISONS WITH DOMINANT FREQUENCY, SHANNON ENTROPY, AND PHASE SINGULARITY

Although rotors have been considered among the drivers of atrial fibrillation (AF), the rotor definition is inconsistent. We evaluated the nature of rotors in 2D and 3D in- silico models of persistent AF by analyzing phase singularity (PS), dominant frequency (DF), Shannon entropy (ShEn), and
Decomposition of Lithium Amide and Lithium Imide with and without Anion Promoter

The decompositions of lithium amide (LiNH2) and lithium imide (Li2NH) are important steps for hydrogen storage in Li3N. Herein, the decompositions of LiNH2 and Li2NH with and without anion promoter...
How is Social Order Possible

The escalating crime rates of the 1960s and 1970s have led despairing neoclassical philosophers to argue that sociological theories of crime are irrelevant for the conduct of social policy. A review of those theories lends some support to that argument. Failing to develop an adequately complex dialectical conception either of human nature or of social order, sociologists have come perilously close to arguing that young street criminals are oversocialized individuals who would not commit crimes were it not for blocked opportunities and oppressive rules. Research evidence, by contrast, not only questions this point of view but argues strongly for a reconsideration of the two basic questions first raised by Hobbes: “What is it that makes people tractable to social discipline?” and “How is social order possible?” Efforts to answer these questions are complicated not merely by age-old forms of discrimination but by social movements designed to further extend the individual freedoms encouraged by Enlightenment ...
Relationship of Alkaline Phosphatase Levels in Intestinal Mucosa to ABO and Secretor Blood Groups.

SummaryAutopsy specimens of human intestine were examined to determine whether the ABO and secretor blood group loci exert the same influence upon levels of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in the mucosa as they do upon levels of the intestinal enzyme in the serum. It was shown that these blood group genes do not significantly affect mucosal alkaline phosphatase, indicating that they do not control capacity to synthesize the enzyme, but rather must play a role in determining rate of secretion into the serum, or in destroying or inhibiting the activity of the enzyme after it is secreted into the serum.
Water Mite-Induced Mortality in a Natural Population of the Mosquito Anopheles Crucians (Diptera: Culicidae)

The effect of parasitic water mites on a natural population of their mosquito host was investigated by noting differences between the average number of mite stylostomes in 2 age groups of the host. In 6 consecutive samples, the average number of stylostomes was always higher in young than in old hosts, a consequence apparently of the higher mortality suffered by individuals that carried larger mite loads,
States of Matter and States of Information.

This paper is an exercise in analogical reasoning. It introduces the concept of “states of information” as analogous to states of matter. It explores the differences in states of matter and the difficulties in their definitions with a view toward explaining the difficulty in defining the various states of information. By taking advantage of the isomorphism that exists between states of matter and states of information, predictions can be made about the future of information management. This paper introduces the newly emerging and interdisciplinary field of “infodynamics.”
Statistical Methods for Handling Intentional Inaccurate Responders

OF DISSERTATION STATISTICAL METHODS FOR HANDLING INTENTIONAL INACCURATE RESPONDERS In self-report data, participants who provide incorrect responses are known as intentional inaccurate responders. This dissertation provides statistical analyses for address intentional inaccurate responses in the data. Previous work with adolescent self-report, labeled survey participants who intentionally provide inaccurate answers as mischievous responders. This phenomenon also occurs in clinical research. For example, pregnant women who smoke may report that they are nonsmokers. Our advantage is that we do not solely have self-report answers and can verify responses with lab values. Currently, there is no clear method for handling these intentional inaccurate respondents when it comes to making statistical inferences. We propose a using an EM algorithm to account for the intentional behavior while maintaining all responses in the data. The performance of this model is evaluated using simulated data and real data. The strengths and weaknesses of the EM algorithm approach will be demonstrated.