cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the Krull Dimensions of the Steenrod Algebra

For any prime p, we show that the mod p Steenrod algebra (a local ring with nil maximal ideal) has infinite little Krull dimension. This contrasts sharply with the case of a commutative (or noetherian) local ring with nil maximal ideal which must have little Krull dimension equal to 0. Also, we show that the Steenrod algebra has no Krull dimension, classical Krull dimension, or Gabriel dimension.
Crystallinity of rf-sputtered MoS2 films

The crystallinity and morphology of thin, radio-frequency (rf) -sputtered MoS2 films deposited on 440C stainless steel substrates at both ambient (∼70°C) and high temperatures (245°C) were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by x-ray diffraction (Read thin-film photography and 0−20 scans). Under SEM the films exhibited a “ridgelike” (or platelike) formation region for thicknesses between 0.18 and 1.0 μm MoS2. X-ray diffraction was shown to give more detailed and accurate information than electron defraction, previously used for elucidating the structure of sputtered lubricant films. Read thin-film x-ray diffraction photographs revealed patterns consistent with the presence of polycrystalline films and strong orientation of the MoS2 crystallites. Correlation of those patterns with 0−20 scans of the films indicated that the basal planes of the MoS2 crystallites [i.e., the (001) planes] were perpendicular to the substrate surface plane, and that various edge planes [i.e., the (h k 0) planes] in the individual crystallites were parallel to the surface plane, in agreement with previous observations of thinner films. Sliding wear caused the crystallites to orient with their basal planes parallel to the surface plane. The crystallite lattices in all films in this study were shown to exhibit compressive stress (∼ 3%–5% with respect to natural molybdenite) in the direction perpendicular to the (h k 0) planes, and the worn films were expanded (i.e., exhibited tensile stress) perpendicular to the (001) plane. In addition, the shapes of the x-ray diffraction peaks were strongly influenced by the presence of oxygen impurities and/or sulfur vacancies in the MoS2 lattice, indicating that x-ray diffraction may provide a simple quality-control test for the production of a film with optimum lubricating properties.
Consumer Complaint Behavior Manifestations for Table Service Restaurants: Identifying Sociodemographic Characteristics, Personality, and Behavioral Factors:

For restaurants to be assured that they are achieving customer satisfaction, they need to receive feedback from their customers. One way customers give feedback is by complaining. Using the Adult Longitudinal Panel, three types of consumer complaint behavior for table service restaurant customers were determined: not likely to complain, complain-to-anyone complainers, and word-of-mouth (WOM) complainers. WOM complainers present the greatest challenge because management does not hear their complaints, but complainers spread negative WOM. Cross-tabs of sociodemographic characteristics differentiated these individuals as baby boomers with children. However, these characteristics do not provide the full profile. Further analysis using multiple discriminant analysis identified personality and behavioral factors that distinguish WOM complainers from other types of restaurant customers. The results show these individuals to be under greater psychological stress than those in the other two groups, as well as less...
The Style of Bana: An Introduction to Sanskrit Prose Poetry

Introduces readers to Sanskrit prose poetry and, specifically, to Bana's works. Explores the many aspects of B_na's style and compares it with other writers and Sanskrit prose poets. Useful as accompanying text for advanced Sanskrit and comparative literature courses.
INFLUENCE OF SEX AND POSTMORTEM AGING ON INTRAMUSCULAR AND SUBCUTANEOUS BOVINE LIPIDS

SUMMARY –Fifteen wholesale beef ribs from an equal number (5) of half-sib bulls, steers and heifers were used to study the changes in subcutaneous (SQ) and longissimus dorsi intramuscular (IM) lipids at 2, 7, 14 and 21 days post-mortem (PM). The progressively increasing free fatty acid (FFA) levels observed in both depots with time PM were paralleled by fatty acid composition changes. During the aging period the content of C14:0 in the FFA fraction decreased from 11.7–5.8%; the level of C18:1 increased from 42.6–49.7%. Cholesterol and phospholipid levels did not change with PM aging. PM aging had no effect on the composition of the IM phospholipid class, suggesting that autoxidation does not readily occur during aging of fresh beef ribs. Fatty acid composition of the bull IM lipid fractions frequently differed from the fatty acid composition of these fractions in heifers or steers; the latter two sexes had similar fatty acid compositions in their IM lipid fractions. In the SQ triglyceride fraction, heifers had higher and lower levels of C18:1 and C16:0, respectively, when compared to both bulls and steers. Traces of C22:6 were present in the IM free fatty acid fraction of heifers, whereas 3.2 and 4.1% were present in the FFA of steers and bulls, respectively. Rib steaks from heifers had significantly (P < .05) higher sensory panel scores for aroma and lower IM and SQ levels of FFA when compared to bulls. A significant (P < .01) correlation of -0.49 was obtained between aroma score and IM levels of FFA.
Judges' Beliefs Dealing with Child Custody Decisions

Summary State judges in Louisiana were surveyed with regard to their beliefs dealing with custody issues. These issues dealt with the relationships between custody decisions and maternal preference, maternal employment, remarriage, joint custody, sexual misconduct, and payment of child support. There was significant disagreement among judges regarding the impact of maternal employment and prior sexual misconduct on custody decisions. There was substantial agreement on the remainder of the issues. The judges exhibited a strong maternal preference. The majority chose neutral responses with regard to the impact of remarriage. There was opposition to joint physical custody. The majority of the judges were opposed to tying visitation to the payment of child support.
Computational methods for some inverse scattering problems

Abstract In this article we consider inverse scattering problems for the Schrodinger equation and Zakharov–Shabat system on R . A technique of splitting the problem into two half line problems is presented, with special attention to the case when bound states occur. Specific computational techniques based on this approach are developed and illustrated with examples.
The Influences of Excess Sodium on Low‐Temperature NaSICON Synthesis

Controlling the materials chemistry of the solid-state ion conductor NaSICON is key to realizing its potential utility in emerging sodium-based battery technologies. We describe here the influence of excess sodium on phase evolution of sol-gel synthesized NaSICON. Alkoxide-based sol-gel processing was used to produce powders of Na3Zr2PSi2O12 NaSICON with 0-2 atomic % excess sodium. Phase formation and component volatility were studied as a function of temperature. NaSICON synthesis at temperatures between 900-1100°C with up to 2% excess sodium significantly reduced the presence of zirconia, sodium phosphate, and sodium silicate secondary phases in fired NaSICON powders. Insights into the role of sodium on the phase chemistry of sol-gel processed NaSICON may inform key improvements in NaSICON development.
The Limiting Carbon Dioxide Concentration for Photosynthesis

MANY reports1–5 indicate that plants in a closed system will reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air to a minimum value between 50 and 100 p.p.m. Gabrielsen2 postulates “there exists a threshold value for carbon dioxide in photosynthesis, which for elder leaves is about 0.0090 volume per cent. Below the threshold no assimilation takes place. Thus it seems that only about two-thirds of the atmospheric carbon dioxide is available for photosynthesis”.
Psychosocial variables related to transit safety: The application of catastrophe theory

Abstract This research applied a paradigm for the study of occupational safety and health risks in manufacturing settings to the risks associated with urban and regional transit operation. Subjects were 290 transit operators who completed a questionnaire measuring safety management, danger ratings, beliefs about accident control, work experience, physical stress, social stress, anxiety, environmental hazards, transit hazards (assaults and insults upon the operator, the need to reprimand passengers for various infractions, etc.), vehicle crashes and operator injuries, and alcohol and drug use. Principal findings were that operator injuries were most closely associated with transit hazards, which were more frequent at night and on the least desirable routes. Injuries occurred in a climate of elevated stress and anxiety which may have hampered the operators' ability to respond effectively to potentially dangerous situations. The cusp catastrophe model provided a non-linear dynamic explanation for accident oc...
Chemiresistive metal-stabilized thiyl radical films as highly selective ethylene sensors

A highly selective chemiresistive ethylene sensor based on reversible and selective ligand-centered substrate binding to a metal-stabilized thiyl radical has been developed. The solid-state device efficiently differentiates between ethylene and other alkene analytes. The sensor is prepared by simple dropcast deposition of the complex as a film across a microgap gold electrode.
Interaction of N2 with (100) W

The binding states and condensation and desorption kinetics of nitrogen on (100) W are studied using flash desorption mass spectrometry. At moderate exposures there exist three states, a tightly bound β2 state and two weakly bound molecular y states ; the saturation densities for each state are 2.5 × 1014 molecules cm−2. Very high nitrogen exposure at low temperatures produces in addition to these states a tightly bound (Ed = 49 kcal mole−1) β1 state which desorbs with first order kinetics and at 300 °K has a sticking coefficient of less than 10−3. Desorption kinetics for the β2 state at high coverages can be explained quantitatively only by assuming a coverage dependent activation energy or pre-exponential factor; the latter is predicted if desorption is limited by surface diffusion controlled recombination of atoms. The binding states and atomic configurations are shown to be reasonable on the basis of the electronic structures of the adsorbate and the substrate ; this predicts the existence of a structure for the β2 state in which alternate sites are occupied and agrees with the measured stoichiometry. The sticking coefficient into the β2 state is measured as a function of coverage and substrate temperature in the interval 195 °K < T < 1035 °K. Condensation appears to proceed via a weakly chemisorbed precursor. Quantitative agreement with the data is obtained using a model in which the sticking coefficient and desorption kinetics of the precursor state are completely independent of the occupation of the β2 state.
Differential rates of sister chromatid exchanges between euchromatin and heterochromatin

In two rodent species, the Chinese hamster and the montane vole (Microtus montanus), the rate of sister chromatid exchange was lower in constitutive heterochromatin than in euchromatin.
Effects of prostaglandin E2 on bone in mice in vivo.

Abstract We have examined the effects of varying doses, schedules and routes of administration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on bone in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice treated with a high dose of PGE2 (6 mg/kg/d) showed decreased trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) by 14 d, indicating increased bone resorption. However, there was also stimulation of bone formation at 14 d after 3 d treatment with PGE2, since mineral apposition rate (MAR) and bone formation rate (BFR/BS) were increased. In CD-1 male and female mice, PGE2 (3 mg/kg, 2/wk for 4 wk) increased MAR by 50% and BFR/BS by 100%, but there was no significant change in BV/TV. Tibial mRNA showed an increase in BMP-2 and RUNX-2 expression with PGE2. Additional experiments using a higher dose or longer exposure did not increase bone mass. We conclude that exposure to high doses of PGE2 in mice may be anabolic but is balanced by catabolic effects. Studies of PGE2 in combination with an inhibitor of resorption could lead to development of a true anabolic model and permit assessment of the roles of specific PGE2 receptors and signal transduction pathways.
Hydrocephalus in an American Miniature Horse Foal: A Case Report and Review

A 6-year-old multiparous American Miniature Horse mare was presented at 324 days of gestation for evaluation of vaginal bleeding. A manual obstetrical examination was performed and the cervix was found to be open with the fetus in transverse position. The mare was sedated and placed under general anesthesia. Attempts made to mutate the fetus were unsuccessful. A cesarean section was performed and the foal was noted to be in transverse position with marked enlargement of the cranium. The abdominal incision was closed in a routine manner, and the mare recovered from anesthesia without incident. Postoperative treatment consisted of flunixin meglumine, gentamicin sulfate, potassium penicillin, oxytocin, and intravenous fluid therapy. The mare was discharged to the owners 4 days after surgery. A lateral radiograph of the fetus was obtained and confirmed hydrocephalus. On necropsy, it was found that the calvarium measured 59 cm in circumference and was dome-shaped, the neuropil and leptomininges measured only 1 to 2 mm in thickness, the brainstem and cerebellum were reduced in size, and there was moderate distension of the third ventricle with stenosis of the mesencephalic aqueduct. Inflammatory and neoplastic causes of mesencephalic aqueductal obstruction were ruled out by histopatholgy. This represents a classic case of hydrocephalus because of stenosis of the mesencephalic aqueduct, which to our knowledge has not been previously reported in a miniature foal. Further investigation is warranted into the pathogenesis of mesencephalic aqueduct stenosis in foals, which has now been reported in several equine breeds.
Mutations galore in myeloproliferative neoplasms: would the real Spartacus please stand up?

Mutations galore in myeloproliferative neoplasms: Would the real Spartacus please stand up?
Pulsating fluid flows undergoing transitions between laminar, transitional, and turbulent regimes

The two major fluid flow systems of the human body, blood circulation and respiration, experience timewise pulsations. The variations of the fluid velocity during a pulsation/respiration cycle give rise to transitions in the flow regime during the course of a cycle. At the lowest fluid velocity encountered in the cycle, it is likely that the flow is laminar. As the velocity increases, the laminar regime may transist into a regime called transitional intermittent. Further increases in velocity may lead either to the fully developed intermittent regime or to the fully developed turbulent regime. Once the velocity attains a maximum and begins to decrease, the process of laminarization may be initiated wherein a succession of flow regimes may occur in opposite order to that described in the foregoing.The current capabilities of numerical simulation are limited to a single, user-specified flow regime, either laminar or turbulent. Consequently, the successive spontaneous flow regime transitions encountered in human-body fluid flows have been heretofore beyond the reach of biomedical investigators. Indeed, a thoroughgoing literature review failed to unearth any biomedical-oriented publications in which flow regime transitions have been taken into account.The present investigation is aimed at applying, for the first time, a flow transition model previously developed for steady flows to unsteady flows. The flows to be considered are timewise periodic, with amplitudes, periods, and mean values appropriate to blood flows in large arteries. Special consideration will be given to the magnitudes of the wall shear stresses that are created by such flows, since the accumulation of plaque depends decisively on the shear. The work will also take account of variations in the flow geometry.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Synthesis and Ni(0)‐catalyzed oligomerization of isomeric 4,4‴‐dichloroquaterphenyls

4,4'''-Dichloro-1,1':2',1'':2'',1'''-quaterphenyl, 4,4'''-dichloro-1,1':3',1'':3'',1'''-quaterphenyl, and 4,4'''-dichloro-1,1':4',1'':4'',1'''-quaterphenyl were synthesized by Pd(0) catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 4-chlorobenzeneboronic acid with 2,2'-, 3,3'-, and 4,4'-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy)biphenyl respectively. 4,4'''-Dichloro-1,1':2',1'':2'',1'''-quaterphenyl and 4,4'''-dichloro-1,1':3',1'':3'',1'''-quaterphenyl were oligomerized by Ni(0) catalyzed homocoupling reaction to yield white and soluble oligophenylenes
Recognizing action units for facial expression analysis

Most automatic expression analysis systems attempt to recognize a small set of prototypic expressions, such as happiness, anger, surprise, and fear. Such prototypic expressions, however, occur rather infrequently. Human emotions and intentions are more often communicated by changes in one or a few discrete facial features. In this paper, we develop an automatic face analysis (AFA) system to analyze facial expressions based on both permanent facial features (brows, eyes, mouth) and transient facial features (deepening of facial furrows) in a nearly frontal-view face image sequence. The AFA system recognizes fine-grained changes in facial expression into action units (AU) of the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), instead of a few prototypic expressions. Multistate face and facial component models are proposed for tracking and modeling the various facial features, including lips, eyes, brows, cheeks, and furrows. During tracking, detailed parametric descriptions of the facial features are extracted. With these parameters as the inputs, a group of action units (neutral expression, six upper face AU and 10 lower face AU) are recognized whether they occur alone or in combinations. The system has achieved average recognition rates of 96.4 percent (95.4 percent if neutral expressions are excluded) for upper face AU and 96.7 percent (95.6 percent with neutral expressions excluded) for lower face AU. The generalizability of the system has been tested by using independent image databases collected and FACS-coded for ground-truth by different research teams.
Learning from Harvey Milk: The Limits and Opportunities of One Hero to Teach about LGBTQ People and Issues.

Highlighting a hero is a common response to including the history of marginalized people in the curriculum. Harvey Milk is becoming that hero as social studies curriculum responds to calls for including LGBTQ people. By studying Milk, what might young people learn about LGBTQ people, issues, and movements? What opportunities and limitations exist for moving beyond one hero and learning about justice for LGBTQ people? How might social studies teachers address limitations and capitalize on opportunities in such curriculum? I analyze how Milk is presented in eight published lesson plans ranging from elementary school to adult education, two nonfiction books, and one online script for a school assembly. These materials carry limitations: reinforcing heteronormativity, ignoring homophobia, perpetuating the “great man” notion of history, and obscuring long-term struggle by other individuals and coalitions of diverse groups working for change. In the hands of social studies teachers who are aware of these limita...
Lower extremity ulcers in rheumatoid arthritis: features and response to immunosuppression

Lower extremity ulcers are a recognized complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Their prevalence has not been assessed since the advent of more aggressive disease modifying antirheumatic therapies. The purpose of this study was to establish the period prevalence of lower extremity ulcers in a modern-day unselected cohort of patients with RA, and to report the features associated with ulcer development and response to therapy. Between June 2007 and June 2010, 366 RA patients were evaluated at the Georgetown Division of Rheumatology. Data were collected and analyzed retrospectively on demographics, antibody and prothrombotic profile, comorbidities, disease activity, and outcomes. The period prevalence of ulcers in this cohort of 366 patients with RA followed over 3 years was 4.37%. Patients with ulcers were predominantly female (81.25%) and more commonly African American (56.2%). The mean disease duration at ulcer development was 25.9 years. All patients with ulcers had erosive disease and 63% were seropositive. Only five patients (31.25%) healed over a mean follow-up of 22.8 months. However, in this small sample, treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNFα) therapy was associated with significantly higher likelihood of healing (p = 0.039). In this modern-day cohort of patients with RA, we found a prevalence of lower extremity ulcers of 4.37% over 3 years. Only 31.25% of patients healed after a mean 22.8 months of follow-up. However, treatment with a biologic agent was associated with a significant increased likelihood of healing (RR 3.27, 95% CI 0.59-18.29, p = 0.039).
Technology and the Innovative Transformation of Education

This presentation will build on snapshots from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) education technology expedition to illustrate how institutions can strive to match their unique strengths to new educational technology opportunities. MIT' s engagement with technology reflects an extensive array of innovative activity ranging from simple experiments that address pressing "instructional " problems to sweeping institutional commitments with global scope in a context which recognizes that the best learning is a deep human endeavor. Educational technology initiatives employ different modalities for diverse educational aspirations/goals.
Ionic strength effects on macroion diffusion and excess light-scattering intensities of short DNA rods.

Quasielastic and static light-scattering measurements were made on DNA isolated from chicken erythrocyte mononucleosomes as a function of ionic strength between 6 × 10−4 and 1.0M. A transition from single-exponential autocorrelation functions to markedly non-single-exponential decays was observed around 10−2M ionic strength and was accompanied by a large decrease in the excess light-scattering intensity. Autocorrelation functions recorded below 10−2M salt were well fit by the sum of two exponential relaxation which differed by as much as 100-fold in time constants. Apparent diffusion coefficients for the fast and slow processes plateaued around 10−3M with numerical values approximately 10-fold and 1/10, respectively, of the translational diffusion coefficient for mononucleosome DNA at high ionic strength. This behavior is similar to that observed with poly(L-lysine), for which the slow decay has been associated with a transition to an extraordinary phase. The strong and complex salt dependence observed here illustrates potential difficulties in deriving structural information from scattering by polyions at low ionic strength.
The Law and Economics of Bribery and Extortion

Corruption has serious economic and social costs and can undermine government legitimacy. Economic analysis can help one understand the incentives for bribery and extortion and the deterrent effect of the law. Such analysis suggests that the law in many jurisdictions ought to be redesigned. Penalties are poorly tied to the marginal benefits of bribery. Small bribes often are more effectively deterred than larger ones because penalties are not tied to the perpetrators' gains. Economic analysis also highlights the tension between obtaining evidence to bring a case ex post and deterrence ex ante. Furthermore, enforcement programs have not incorporated bureaucratic structure in a sophisticated way, and in many countries the criminal law only applies to individuals, not firms. In short, economic analysis can help guide the reform debate by proposing workable law enforcement strategies for the control of bribery and extortion.
Assessing Students&#8217; Knowledge of Design Process in a Design Task

Today's engineering educators widely agree that engineering curricula need to incorporate a larger emphasis on design. ABET has instituted the requirement that programs build continuous improvement loops around student learning outcomes, including the ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. Success at this enterprise depends on having appropriate assessment tasks, ones that are manageable in the context of coursework and provide pointers toward improvement, yet are authentic. The most widely used way of assessing design skill is to give a design task, but the requirements to do so usually are too cumbersome to use in the context of a class. The paper will describe our struggles to create a procedure within a design task whereby we might assess students' design process. This paper will describe the tasks, the findings obtained with them, and how they could be used within a continuous improvement loop
Research on Agricultural Data Grid System

High performance processing of agricultural data in the grid environment is a complex and hardly problem, mainly due to agricultural data’s geographic distribution, heterogeneity, variety. A layered software architecture agriculture of agricultural data grid is designed. Agricultural meta-data model based spatio-temporal ontology, spatial clustering and mapping for agricultural data, information cooperation, role-based access control are researched. The application environment of agricultural data grid node is constructed. Through the test experiment, finally indicated that, high performance computing capacity is provided with the agricultural data grid system.
Potential of capecitabine as first-line therapy for metastatic breast cancer: dosing recommendations in patients with diminished renal function

The randomized phase II trial that we recently reported in this journal [1] demonstrated that the novel oral fluoropyrimidine, capecitabine, achieves similar efficacy to intravenous CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil) in women ≥55 years of age with previously untreated metastatic breast cancer. Although the trial was not powered to be able to demonstrate a significant benefit in efficacy, patients receiving capecitabine achieved a higher objective response rate with a trend towards improved time to disease progression and overall survival than patients receiving CMF. Capecitabine was tolerable in this study, with the majority of adverse events graded as mild or moderate in intensity. Since completion of this trial, a recommendation for a reduced capecitabine starting dose in patients with moderate renal impairment at baseline (calculated creatinine clearance 30–50 ml/min) has been made, based on a retrospective analysis of data from two large trials evaluating capecitabine in patients with colorectal cancer [2]. In our trial [1], all patients received the standard capecitabine starting dose of 1250 mg/m 2 twice daily for 2 weeks followed by a 1-week rest period. However, according to the new dosing guidelines, several of these patients (20%) would now receive a 25% reduction in the starting dose of capecitabine (950 mg/m 2 twice daily). The median age of patients in the capecitabinetreated group was 69 years. Since calculated creatinine clearance decreases with advanced age, it could reasonably be expected that the toxicity profile observed in this trial would be improved in elderly patients who receive a reduced starting dose of capecitabine. Capecitabine has shown considerable activity as a single agent in patients with anthracycline- and taxane-pretreated metastatic breast cancer [3, 4]. In addition, a recent, randomized, phase III trial demonstrated that the addition of capecitabine to docetaxel in patients with anthracycline-pretreated metastatic breast cancer resulted in a significant survival benefit, providing patients with a 3-month improvement in median survival [5]. The proven efficacy and tolerability of capecitabine, including the very low incidence of alopecia and myelosuppression, together with the benefits of oral administration, support further evaluation of capecitabine as early treatment for metastatic breast cancer. To this end, a randomized phase III trial is being conducted in Australia and New Zealand comparing single-agent capecitabine with the oral classical CMF regimen as first-line therapy for metastatic breast cancer. Another randomized phase III trial by the CALGB will compare capecitabine with oral classical CMF or doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide as adjuvant therapy in women >65 years old with node-positive or high-risk node-negative breast cancer. This interest in utilizing capecitabine in older women with breast cancer underscores the need for awareness of the relationship between age, calculated creatinine clearance and the safety of capecitabine.
Filmando la vía chilena al socialismo: Estética de la contradicción en Compañero Presidente (Miguel Littín, 1971)

El articulo se enfoca en las operaciones linguisticas del documental de Miguel Littin, de modo de identificar una serie de dislocaciones relativas a la posicion del hablante con respecto a la enunciacion, donde la ultima es aquella del hablante como productor de discurso, que se desplaza desde la pelicula hacia el espectador propiamente tal. En este documental, la consciencia del publico es despertada a traves de un proceso complejo de relaciones dialecticas que problematizan la realidad y la convierten en enunciaciones bajo la forma de contradicciones -aquello que denomino la estetica de la contradiccion y que constituye la principal estrategia discursiva de la pelicula para convertirse en vehiculo de produccion de inteligibilidad social.
Calcium dynamics and ventricular fibrillation.

To the Editor: Warren et al1 recently performed an optical mapping study in blood-perfused pig hearts. They concluded that their results did not support the presence of nonvoltage-gated intracellular calcium (Cai) transients during ventricular fibrillation (VF) and suggested that action potential (AP)/Cai transient dissociation is a consequence rather than a cause of wave fragmentation. A major piece of evidence in support of this conclusion is the failure of BAPTA-AM, a calcium chelator, in preventing VF in these pig hearts. These latter experiments were performed by …
Fibroblast Growth Factor Homologous Factors New Roles in Neuronal Health and Disease

Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs) are a noncanonical subset of intracellular fibroblast growth factors that have been implicated in a variety of neurobiological processes and in disease. They are most prominently regulators of voltage-gated Na(+) channels (NaVs). In this review, we discuss new insights into how FHFs modulate NaVs. This is followed by a summary of a growing body of evidence that FHFs operate in much broader fashion. Finally, we highlight unknown aspects of FHF function as areas of future interest.
A necessary condition for power flow Jacobian singularity based on branch complex flows

This paper deals with static transfer stability limits (STSL) of network branches and their relation with singularity of the power flow Jacobian. It describes the effect of large transfers on the branch complex flows and shows that when a transfer takes place in the system, at least one branch must reach its STSL before the singularity is encountered. Numerical examples confirm this necessary condition and show that the first STSL appears close to the singularity. Therefore, it is possible to monitor the proximity to the power flow Jacobian singularity by supervising the complex flow in individual transmission lines.
Determining the uncertainty of computational electromagnetics simulations

In real-world problems of interest, inputs to computational electromagnetics (CEM) codes are never known with 100% certainty. However, the methodologes currently employed by the CEM community presume that a single deterministic solution (often using the mean values of the uncertain input parameters) is sufficient. This is certainly an overly optimistic assumption, and perhaps, at times, dangerous. All inputs to CEM codes are potentially uncertain: it is not possible to manufacture geometry exactly to the required specifications, results of material measurement systems have errors and uncertainty, and the frequency of operation and angles of observation will not be perfect in measurement systems. The goal of this effort is to devise a general approach that incorporates these “uncertainties” on top of standard deterministic CEM code predictions.
Novel online profiling for virtual machines

Application profiling is a popular technique to improve program performance based on its behavior. Offline profiling, although beneficial for several applications, fails in cases where prior program runs may not be feasible, or if changes in input cause the profile to not match the behavior of the actual program run. Managed languages, like Java and C\#, provide a unique opportunity to overcome the drawbacks of offline profiling by generating the profile information online during the current program run. Indeed, online profiling is extensively used in current VMs, especially during selective compilation to improve program startup performance, as well as during other feedback-directed optimizations.In this paper we illustrate the drawbacks of the current reactive mechanism of online profiling during selective compilation. Current VM profiling mechanisms are slow -- thereby delaying associated transformations, and estimate future behavior based on the program's immediate past -- leading to potential misspeculation that limit the benefits of compilation. We show that these drawbacks produce an average performance loss of over 14.5% on our set of benchmark programs, over an ideal offline approach that accurately compiles the hot methods early. We then propose and evaluate the potential of a novel strategy to achieve similar performance benefits with an online profiling approach. Our new online profiling strategy uses early determination of loop iteration bounds to predict future method hotness. We explore and present promising results on the potential, feasibility, and other issues involved for the successful implementation of this approach.
Meta-analyses of the association between genetic polymorphisms of neurotrophic factors and schizophrenia

Based on the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia, neurotrophic factors (NTFs) may be involved in its pathogenesis. Previous association studies between schizophrenia and neurotrophic factors have shown inconsistent results, which might be due to the heterogeneity and small sample size of the studies. To reach a conclusive understanding of the association, we used a meta-analytic method to study the association of schizophrenia with the polymorphisms in two candidate genes, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and neurotrophin 3 (NT3). In our study, two meta-analyses were performed. One included eight studies examining the association of schizophrenia with the A3 allele in a dinucleotide repeat polymorphism of the NT3 gene promoter (N=1938). The other was employed in nine studies examining the association with a null mutation of the CNTF gene (N=2393). Neither of these analyses provided evidence for association. However, our sub-analyses showed a trend of association between the NT3 polymorphism and schizophrenics in Japanese, as well as an association between the CNTF null mutation and schizophrenics without psychiatric family history. These results suggested that the variations at the NT3 and the CNTF genes do not influence the schizophrenia risk, but a role in the susceptibility of subgroups of the patients cannot be excluded.
Induction of specific cytotoxic lymphocytes in mice vaccinated with Brucella abortus RB51.

A safe, more sensitive, nonradioactive, neutral red uptake assay was adopted to replace the traditional 51Cr release assay for detection of Brucella-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. Our studies indicated that Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccination of mice induced specific CTLs against both strain RB51- and strain 2308-infected J774.A1 macrophages but not against Listeria monocytogenes-infected J774.A1 cells. The antigen-specific cytotoxic activity was exerted by T lymphocytes but not by NK cells. CD3+ CD4+ T cells secreted the highest level of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and were able to exert a low but significant level of specific lysis of Brucella-infected macrophages. They also exerted a low level of nonspecific lysis of noninfected macrophages. In contrast, CD3+ CD8+ T cells secreted low levels of IFN-γ but demonstrated high levels of specific lysis of Brucella-infected macrophages with no nonspecific lysis. These findings indicate that B. abortus strain RB51 vaccination of mice induces specific CTLs and suggest that CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ T cells play a synergistic role in the anti-Brucella activity.
Adjusting An Existing Forecasting Model When Some Future Demands Are Known In Advance: A Bayesian Technique

The purpose of this research is to provide a model which can be used to adjust forecasts that are already available. It analyzes the components of the advanced demand, namely, the number of orders and their corresponding order size. It explores and analyzes the possibility of using the expected number of orders for a future period as the variable to be estimated. The Bayesian estimate of the expected number of orders is used in determining the adjusted forecast. A simulation is applied to calculate a ratio between the adjusting forecasting error and the original forecasting error. Results prove that the adjusted forecast provides greater accuracy for different probable values of getting an order in advance.
Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposite Multilayers

This work s concerned with the mechanical properties of nanocomposite metal/ceramic multilayers. Three thin film nanocomposite systems, namely Al/Al203, Ti/TiN and Cr/C, have been investigated. The nanocomposites were synthesized on Si (100) wafers by using an electron-beam physical vapor deposition method. The microstructure of the films was characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The deposited metal layers Al, Ti and Cr possessed fcc, hcp and bcc structures, respectively, where the ceramic TiN layers had fcc structure and the Al2O3 and C layers were amorphous. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposite thin films were studied by conducting nanoindentation and microhardness experiments. The nanosize of the components was found to affect significantly the mechanical properties that were dominated by the thickness of the metal layer. The hardness response in all three systems can be described as a function of the metal layer thickness by a Hall-Petch relationship. A hardness increase was observed up to a 40 ma, 5 nm, and 20 nm layer thickness for the Al, Ti, and Cr layers, respectively. The effects by the ceramic phase were found to be significant only in films with metal layer thickness at or just before the critical thickness.
Technical Report/New Innovations. Heavy vehicle system for automated pavement crack sealing

An automated crack sealing machine (ACSM) prototype has been developed to in order to: 1) minimise the exposure of workers to the dangers associated with working on a major highway; 2) considerably increase the speed of the operation; and 3) improve the quality and consistency of the resultant seal. Increasing the speed of the operation will in turn reduce the accompanying traffic congestion since lane closure times will decrease. Reduced traffic congestion alleviates numerous accompanying problems including air pollution, fossil fuel depletion, and loss of productivity. In order to satisfactorily seal cracks, the ACSM performs the following functions automatically: senses the occurrence and location of cracks in pavement; adequately prepares the pavement surface; prepares and dispenses the sealant; forms the sealant into the desired configuration. This paper describes the integrated vehicle system for automated crack sealing. This includes description of the ACSM architecture, support vehicle, system components, operation and performance specifications.
New Transfer Learning Techniques for Disparate Label Sets

Examples of the present disclosure describe systems and methods of transfer learning techniques for disparate label sets. In aspects, a data set may be accessed on a server device. The data set may comprise labels and word sets associated with the labels. The server device may induce label embedding within the data set. The embedded labels may be represented by multi-dimensional vectors that correspond to particular labels. The vectors may be used to construct label mappings for the data set. The label mappings may be used to train a model to perform domain adaptation or transfer learning techniques. The model may be used to provide results to a statement/query or to train a different model.
Reassessing Laws on Hate Violence Against the Homeless

The institutionalization of hate crime laws and data collection in recent decades has occurred during an era of increasing specialization of criminal law and policing generally. Hate crime statutes...
Effect of Extended Surfaces on Temperature Distribution Inside a Fixed-Bed Biofuel Pyrolysis Batch Reactor

This paper investigates the improvements in the temperature distribution of biomass in an alternative design of fixed-bed biofuel batch reactor while undergoing fast pyrolysis, compared to the conventional design. The reactor furnace temperature was selected based on optimum pyrolysis temperature and appropriate convective heat transfer coefficient was computed and used with corresponding boundary conditions for transient thermal analysis using ANSYS software. For the 3-D model, about eighty-one thousand and sixty-eight thousand elements were used for the conventional design and alternative design, respectively; while for the 2-D model, about three thousand elements were used for both the conventional and alternative designs in the transient ANSYS heat transfer analysis. The results show that the alternative design, which includes the use of extended surfaces, improves the temperature distribution in the reactor by making it more uniform during the fast pyrolysis process. The implications of this are that the alternative design gives a greater yield of bio-oil per batch run, and steady-state conditions are reached within 40% of the time taken for the conventional design, which translates to a shorter process time and reduction in overall energy input, thereby making it a more efficient system.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Suppression of House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on New York and Maryland Dairies Using Releases of Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in an Integrated Management Program

Releases of Muscidifurax raptor (Girault & Sanders) were integrated with weekly removal of calf bedding and infrequent use of pyrethrin space sprays for management of house flies, Musca domestica L., on seven dairy farms in New Yorkand Maryland; six other farms were used as controls. Baited traps were used for supplemental outdoor fly control on release farms in Maryland. Parasitoid releases were made by weekly placement of either 25,000 (in New York) or 20,000 (in Maryland) parasitized house fly pupae in screen bags on each farm, resulting in weekly release rates of 12,000 and 9,600 female. parasitoids per farm per week, respectively. Overall season-long fly pupal mortality (as measured by sentinel fly pupae) was 65 and 38% on release farms in New York and Maryland, respectively, compared with 30 and 26% on control farms. Overall parasitism was 36 and 18%on release farms in New Yorkand Maryland, respectively, compared with 5 and 3% on control farms. Fly populations on control farms in both states were approximately twice as large as on release farms based on spot card and resting fly counts inside the barns. Producers on control farms in New York made an average of 14.7 insecticide applications (space sprays, baits, and residual premise treatments) for house fly control compared with 2.7 insecticide applications (pyrethrin space sprays) on release farms.
Africa in Search of Unity: Model and Reality

One could approach the inquiry into the problems ot interstate integration from a number of perspectives. A historically oriented political scientist would look at the uniqueness of these attempts and he would generalize only in extremely guarded terms. An empiricist would wait for the carefully collected evidence to suggest the places into which it wants to fall. A political philosopher's concern would be primarily with the nature of the polity which is the goal of interstate integration and with the good and evil that can come from it the individual citizen's way.
History, politics, space, labor: on unevenness as an anthropological concept

This article makes the case for considering “unevenness” as a central theoretical concept for anthropology. By closely examining three case studies, from Latin American and the US, we develop a fourfold approach to the study of unevenness: the histories of particular connections and disconnections; spatial/scalar differentiation; state formation; and the development of labor. This approach is located at the intersection of history, geography, and anthropology and, we contend, is particularly useful for exploring the political struggles that lie at the heart of capitalist development and that unfold over time and across space in divergent, irregular ways.
A small molecule TrkB/TrkC neurotrophin receptor co-activator with distinctive effects on neuronal survival and process outgrowth

Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are coupled to numerous signaling networks that play critical roles in neuronal survival and plasticity. Several non-peptide small molecule ligands have recently been reported that bind to and activate specific tropomyosin-receptor kinase (Trk) NT receptors, stimulate their downstream signaling, and cause biologic effects similar to, though not completely overlapping, those of the native NT ligands. Here, in silico screening, coupled with low-throughput neuronal survival screening, identified a compound, LM22B-10, that, unlike prior small molecule Trk ligands, binds to and activates TrkB as well as TrkC. LM22B-10 increased cell survival and strongly accelerated neurite outgrowth, superseding the effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NT-3 or the two combined. Additionally, unlike the NTs, LM22B-10 supported substantial early neurite outgrowth in the presence of inhibiting glycoproteins. Examination of the mechanisms of these actions suggested contributions of the activation of both Trks and differential interactions with p75(NTR), as well as a requirement for involvement of the Trk extracellular domain. In aged mice, LM22B-10 activated hippocampal and striatal TrkB and TrkC, and their downstream signaling, and increased hippocampal dendritic spine density. Thus, LM22B-10 may constitute a new tool for the study of TrkB and TrkC signaling and their interactions with p75(NTR), and provides groundwork for the development of ligands that stimulate unique combinations of Trk receptors and activity patterns for application to selected neuronal populations and deficits present in various disease states.
Genetic Markers in Human Semen: A Review

The utilization of genetic typing in the analysis of body fluids and secretions is an important objective in forensic science; however, before this can be done several questions must be answered. It must be known what genetic markers are present in the fluid of interest and what kinds of nongenetic variability enter into the phenotypic expression of these markers. The stability of the markers must be known, and procedural problems specific to the analysis of a particular fluid must be recognized. It is only after these questions are satisfactorily answered that protocols of analysis which are relatively reliable can be developed.