cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Audit trails of System Replacement (SR) and user satisfaction: an empirical study of Micro, Mini and Mainframe computers using a telecommunication Decision Support System (DDS) network

Abstract This study analyzes the influence of System Replacement (SR) on overall computer user satisfaction. The following are found to be the most significant variables effecting overall satisfaction: System Replacement and User Responses. The Average Life in Months has the least significant effect in the user satisfaction model. An interactive Decision Support System (DSS) for SR is designed, developed and demonstrated in this study. The application of such a DSS is explained along with the use of telecommunication networks. The implications for improvements in SR by updates to a DSS data base are discussed and analyzed.
Specific contact resistance extraction from four-point-probe measurements on multilayered film structures

Abstract A transmission-line type model is developed for the four-point-probe measurement of multilayered structures. It is shown that the specific contact resistance between two layers can be extracted from this type of measurement without incurring the problem of non-ideal contact-pad geometries usually encountered in contact resistance problems. This method can be visualized as a probing of the potential distribution on an infinite contact pad. Experimental verification of the model is conducted on as-deposited SiO2/Al/RuO2/Al structures. Excellent agreement is found between theory and experiment. A value of 6 × 10−5 Ωcm2 to within a factor of two is obtained for the as-deposited specific contact resistance between Al and RuO2.
Bibliometric analysis of anaesthesia journal editorial board members: correlation between journal impact factor and the median h-index of its board members

Background h-index is useful for quantifying scholarly activity in medicine, but this statistic has not been extensively applied as a measure of productivity in anaesthesia. We conducted a bibliometric analysis of h-index in editorial board members and tested the hypothesis that editorial board members of anaesthesia journals with higher impact factors (IFs) have higher h-indices. Methods Ten of 19 journals with 2009 IF>1 were randomly chosen from Journal Citation Reports®. Board members were identified using each journal’s website. Publications, citations, citations per publication, and h-index for each member were obtained using Scopus®. Results Four hundred and twenty-three individuals filled 481 anaesthesia editorial board positions. The median h-index of all editorial board members was 14. Board members published 75 papers (median) with 1006 citations and 13 citations per publication. Members serving on journals with IF greater than median had significantly (P 2 =0.452; P=0.033) was observed for the 10 journals examined. Board members of subspeciality-specific journals had bibliometric indices that were less than those at general journals. The h-index was greater in individuals serving more than one journal. European editorial board members had higher h-index values than their American colleagues. Conclusions The results suggest that editorial board members of anaesthesia journals with higher IFs have higher h-indices.
Multicast visualization and management

Lessons learned from the Joint Expeditionary Force Experiments (JEFX) included the need for better tools to visualize and manage multicast networks. At the present time, collaborative tools are driving the requirement for multicast-aware networks in the deployed environment. The Defense Information Services Agency (DISA) is also considering the use of multicast on certain networks. Multicast-aware applications can be very efficient in comparison to their unicast counterparts. However, they also have the capability to cripple a network. The tools that exist today do not provide sufficient information to monitor the impact of the multicast traffic on our networks. This paper describes the set of tools that we are developing to provide the "big picture" for multicast traffic. These tools will show aggregate and individual utilization on a group-by-group basis and will analyze the multicast spanning trees created in large-scale networks. This paper also discusses potential ways to manage multicast from an enterprise viewpoint. The tools will provide a better understanding of how multicast traffic is affecting the network in real time. In theory, one could use this knowledge to apply quality of service (QoS) policies to control the flow of multicast traffic throughout the network.
Wear characteristics and performance of composite alumina-zirconia CVD coatings☆

Abstract Alumina-zirconia (Al2O3-ZrO2) composite CVD coatings have been developed for use in multilayered coatings on cemented carbide cutting tools. A composite coating containing 30–40% ZrO2 was machine tested as part of a WC-Co substrate/Ti(C,N)/Al2O3/Al2O3-ZrO2 coating configuration to analyze wear mechanisms. A range of composite compositions was also tested to measure performance. The composite coating is most effective in applications where failure mechanisms are driven by temperature and chemical diffusion. The composite coating reduces heat transfer to the substrate thus reducing deformation related cracking. It also reduces crystallite growth during CVD and provides a smoother coating than pure Al2O3.
Infection of Macrophage-Like Cells by Legionella Species That Have Not Been Associated With Disease

We assessed the ability of Legionella species that have not been associated with disease to infect macrophage-like U937 cells. Two of fourteen species tested exhibited a 50% infective dose that was within I log unit of that of virulent L. pneumophila. Indeed, intracellular CFU of L. jamestowniensis and L. parisiensis increased 100-fold over a 72-h period. These data indicate that additional legionellae can flourish within phagocytes and therefore, can, if given the opportunity, cause disease.
Topic Modeling on Historical Newspapers

In this paper, we explore the task of automatic text processing applied to collections of historical newspapers, with the aim of assisting historical research. In particular, in this first stage of our project, we experiment with the use of topical models as a means to identify potential issues of interest for historians.
Miniature direct drive rotary actuators. II. Eye, finger and leg

We have developed miniature direct drive DC motor actuators for robotics. These actuators have low friction, small size, high speed, low construction cost, no gear backlash, operate safely without the use of limit switches and generate moderate torque at a high torque to weight ratio. Our initial experiments indicated the feasibility of constructing a variety of new high speed low cost actuators, for applications in camera pointing, robot hands, and robot legs. In this work we study some prototype devices in each of these categories. >
Particle Swarm Optimizaton: A Physics-Based Approach

AbstractThis work aims to provide new introduction to the particle swarm optimization methods using a formal analogy with physical systems. By postulating that the swarm motion behaves similar to both classical and quantum particles, we establish a direct connection between what are usually assumed to be separate fields of study, optimization and physics. Within this framework, it becomes quite natural to derive the recently introduced quantum PSO algorithm from the Hamiltonian or the Lagrangian of the dynamical system. The physical theory of the PSO is used to suggest some improvements in the algorithm itself, like temperature acceleration techniques and the periodic boundary condition. At the end, we provide a panorama of applications demonstrating the power of the PSO, classical and quantum, in handling difficult engineering problems. The goal of this work is to provide a general multi-disciplinary view on various topics in physics, mathematics, and engineering by illustrating their interdependence wit...
Acropolis of the Middle-West: Decay, Renewal, and Boosterism in Cleveland’s University Circle

In the mid-twentieth century, Cleveland, Ohio’s University Circle exemplified an emerging trend in which urban universities and other private institutions engaged in urban renewal. Situating the story of University Circle within the context of contemporary concerns about urban decay, deindustrialization, and suburbanization, the author argues that University Circle institutions were not simply trying to facilitate their own expansion. Rather, they were equally determined to create a setting appropriate to their regional, national, and even international reputations, as well as to advance the idea that an educational, medical, and cultural district could help reposition and rebrand a sagging industrial city. To do so, institutional leaders sought to make University Circle a bulwark against urban problems, which endeared them to suburbanites while constraining their relations with surrounding urban neighborhoods.
Optimal feedback control of a manufacturing system with setup changes

In this paper, we study the scheduling of a deterministic one-machine two-part-type setup system under steady and transient conditions. The optimal solution, expressed as an optimal feedback control, provides the optimal production rates and setup switching epochs as a function of the state of the system. For the steady state, the optimal cyclic schedule is determined. For the transient case, the state space is partitioned into mutually exclusive regions, each characterized by an optimal control policy. A novel algorithm is developed to obtain the optimal state trajectory for this case. >
Use of Meropenem in the Treatment of Serious Infections in Children: Review of the Current Literature

Meropenem is a new beta-lactam carbapenem antibiotic that appears to be promising in the treatment of hospitalized infants and children with serious infections. It has broad-spectrum activity against microorganisms, including most of the major aerobic (gram-negative and gram-positive) and anaerobic pathogens that cause serious bacterial infections in neonates and children. In addition, its pharmacokinetic profile makes possible parenteral administration every 8 hours. Several studies have demonstrated that meropenem is an effective and safe treatment for infants and children with serious pediatric infections (e.g., urinary tract infections, pneumonia, sepsis, intraabdominal infections, and skin and soft-tissue infections), bacterial meningitis, and cystic fibrosis. The results of further studies of the use of meropenem in the treatment of high-risk seriously ill infants and children are awaited with interest.
The geometry of phonological features

On the notion ‘feature bundle’ The study of the phonological aspect of human speech has advanced greatly over the past decades as a result of one of the fundamental discoveries of modern linguistics – the fact that phonological segments, or phonemes, are not the ultimate constituents of phonological analysis, but factor into smaller, simultaneous properties or features. The apparently vast number of speech sounds found in the languages of the world turn out to be surface-level realisations of a limited number of combinations of a very small set of such features – some twenty or so, in current analyses. This conclusion is strongly supported by the similar patterning of speech sounds in language after language, and by many extragrammatical features of language use, such as patterns of acquisition, language disablement and language change.
Ethical Knowledge and Social Facts

Whether there can be ethical or moral knowledge and, if so, what the nature of that knowledge is, are disputed questions. The questions are often confused with three other issues, namely, the realist-anti-realist debate, the foundationalist-anti-foundationalist debate, and the relativist-anti-relativist debate. Yet the issue of ethical or moral knowledge is distinct from these other issues and does not depend on the answer one gives to them. It does depend importantly on what one considers ethics and morality, and on what one considers knowledge to be.
Analysis of Occupational Asbestos Exposure and Lung Cancer Mortality Using the G Formula

We employed the parametric G formula to analyze lung cancer mortality in a cohort of textile manufacturing workers who were occupationally exposed to asbestos in South Carolina. A total of 3,002 adults with a median age of 24 years at enrollment (58% male, 81% Caucasian) were followed for 117,471 person-years between 1940 and 2001, and 195 lung cancer deaths were observed. Chrysotile asbestos exposure was measured in fiber-years per milliliter of air, and annual occupational exposures were estimated on the basis of detailed work histories. Sixteen percent of person-years involved exposure to asbestos, with a median exposure of 3.30 fiber-years/mL among those exposed. Lung cancer mortality by age 90 years under the observed asbestos exposure was 9.44%. In comparison with observed asbestos exposure, if the facility had operated under the current Occupational Safety and Health Administration asbestos exposure standard of <0.1 fibers/mL, we estimate that the cohort would have experienced 24% less lung cancer mortality by age 90 years (mortality ratio = 0.76, 95% confidence interval: 0.62, 0.94). A further reduction in asbestos exposure to a standard of <0.05 fibers/mL was estimated to have resulted in a minimal additional reduction in lung cancer mortality by age 90 years (mortality ratio = 0.75, 95% confidence interval: 0.61, 0.92).
Dose reduction methods for CT colonography

Patients, referring physicians, the media, and government agencies have all expressed concern over the risks of medical radiation, particularly as it relates to CT. This concern is particularly paramount when associated with a screening examination such as CT colonography. These theoretical risks must be weighed realistically against the substantial benefits of colon cancer screening as well as against the risks inherent in the major alternative screening option, optical colonoscopy. When put into perspective, the risk–benefit ratio is highly in favor of the performance of CT colonography. Nevertheless, in following the ALARA principle, there is an ever increasing armamentarium of options that can be employed in the pursuit of CT radiation dose reduction, all of which can be used in many synergistic combinations allowing for dose reduction while simultaneously preserving image quality and minimizing image noise. After a brief tutorial on estimating radiation dose, various strategies will be discussed including reductions in tube current and tube voltage as well as the use of automatic dose modulation and iterative reconstruction. Other practical considerations will also be reviewed including proper patient isocentering, optimization of colonic insufflation to minimize additional decubitus scans, proper choice of scan volumes to avoid overranging, and variation of slice thickness and window width to minimize perceived image noise. Finally, a strategy for how to incrementally introduce these methods as well as a way to compare dose reduction efforts across institutions throughout the country will be offered.
INDUCTION OF NONSPECIFIC RESISTANCE BY ENDOTOXIN IN UNRESPONSIVE MICE.

Abstract Margherita, S. S. (Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa.), and H. Friedmann. Induction of nonspecific resistance by endotoxin in unresponsive mice. J. Bacteriol. 89:277–280. 1965.—Serratia marcescens endotoxin was tested for protective effect in animals of varying immunological competence. A quantity of endotoxin capable of inducing resistance in mice to a standardized challenge of Diplococcus pneumoniae was equally effective in animals immunologically paralyzed with a high dose of homologous pneumococcal polysaccharide. Failure of the unresponsive state to influence the degree of resistance induced by endotoxin suggests that a specific humoral factor does not play a significant role in the nonspecific resistance.
Designing a cognitive aid for the home: a case-study approach

Cognitive impairments play a large role in the lives of surviviors of mild traumatic brain injuries who are unable to return to their prior level of independence in their homes. Computational support has the potential to enable these individuals to regain control over some aspects of their lives. Our research aims to carefully seek out issues that might be appropriate for computational support and to build enabling technologies that increase individuals' functional independence in the home environment. Using a case-study approach, we explored the needs and informed the design of a pacing aid for an individual with a cognitive impairment whose quality of life was negatively affected by her inability to pace herself during her morning routine. The contributions of this research include insights we gained with our methodology, two sets of design dimensions: user-centered contraints developed from capabilities and preferences of our users and system-centered capabilities that could be explored in potential designs, a design concept which illustrates the application of these design dimensions into a potential pacing aid, and evaluations of paper prototypes guided by the design dimensions.
Functional Articulation Disorders: Preliminaries to Treatment

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses functional articulation disorders. An ideal definition of articulation disorder would be operational and would reflect the psychological reality of the problem as it influences the speaker and as it is perceived by listeners. It would reflect scientific knowledge about matters such as articulatory movements including coarticulation and the physiological mechanisms that support them. It would encompass phonological development and patterns. Speech pathologists concerned with treatment of disordered articulation may be troubled by expanding knowledge that is cumbersome to learn. Where clinicians once learned procedures for delivery to patients, they now must also understand those services relative to scientific knowledge concerning speech production, speech perception, linguistics, learning, scientific standards of evidence, and many other issues. Speech pathology has tended to accept authority as a source of clinical knowledge—the more remote the authority from the study of speech disorders, the greater its prestige.
An Empirical Analysis of Adult Obesity in West Virginia

West Virginia reports the highest obesity level in the United States. Every 3 in 10 adults are obese, and the prevalence of obesity is nearly 8% higher than the national level. Obesity is linked with several diseases such as heart disease, diabetes II, hypertension, cancer, arthritis, asthma, and some psychological disorders. The reported economic burden associated with obesity is considerably high. This research study attempts to examine the use of exercise and cutting down of calorie intakes in controlling obesity in West Virginia using the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data. Three logit models were estimated. Furthermore, results indicate that obese adults are less likely to engage in exercises to lose weight compared to nonobese adults. Among obese individuals only 15% cut down calorie intakes to lose weight where as the respective proportion from the entire population is 31%. Low income levels, and presence of diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, and asthma, have positive effects on obesity in West Virginia. Obesity can significantly be alleviated through physical activities in West Virginia. Sri Lankan Journal of Agricultural Economics Vol.(12-13)No. 1 (2010-2011) pp.1-14
Conservative Journalists’ Myth Making in South Korea: Use of the Past in News Coverage of the 2008 Korean Candlelight Vigil

AbstractThis article explores the role of three conservative newspapers in South Korea as storytellers that create and maintain the collective memory of Korean conservatives through textual analysis of news stories on one particular recent event, the 2008 Korean Candlelight Vigil. Several protests since the 1980s in which the democratic-progressives were a leading force have been used as a source of historical analogies that have helped conservative journalists to interpret contemporary events and issues, including the 2008 vigil. These past protests were framed as anti-American, pro-North Korean leftist actions in the news stories. Some aspects of these past events were omitted – for example, former democratic-progressive activists’ contribution to the democratisation process – while other aspects were emphasised, notably the violent nature of the earlier generation of activists. In addition, conservative journalists constructed a revisionist version of one particular past protest, the 2002 Korean Candle...
An Atomistic Study of Ti Segregation to Lamellar Interfaces in Ti-RICH TiAl

In this paper we analyze the effect of the surplus of titanium in the bulk on γ/γ interfaces. Monte Carlo calculations using a central force many-body potential suggest that in Ti rich alloys titanium segregates to the 120° rotational fault and the pseudotwin. This leads to the formation of a thin region of the DO 19 Ti 3 Al at these interfaces. While titanium does not segregate to the ordered twin, it does to the ordered twin with the APB. But in this case the interface dissociates into the 120° rotational fault and the pseudotwin. The calculations further show that there are two types of atomic sites at the interfaces. One is the same as in the ideal L1 0 the other, to which the segregation takes place, is specific for interfaces parallel to {111} planes. The specific distribution of the sites favored for segregation is the reason why segregation leads to the formation of a narrow region of the DO 19 Ti 3 Al in the 120° rotational fault and the pseudotwin.
Who Adolescents Trust May Impact Their Health: Findings from Baltimore

This study is one of the first to explore the relevance of trust to the health of adolescents living in a disadvantaged urban setting. The primary objectives were to determine the differences in the sociodemographic characteristics between adolescents who do and do not trust and to examine the associations between trust and health. Data were drawn from the Well-Being of Adolescents in Vulnerable Environments (WAVE) study, which is a cross-sectional global study of adolescents in very low-income urban settings conducted in 2011-2013. This paper focused on 446 adolescents in Baltimore as it was the primary site where trust was explicitly measured. For the main analyses, six health outcomes were examined: (1) self-rated health; (2) violence victimization; (3) binge drinking; (4) marijuana use; (5) post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); and (6) condom use at last sex. Independent variables included sociodemographic variables (age, gender, current school enrolment, perceived relative wealth, and family structure) and two dimensions of trust: community trust (trust in individuals/groups within neighborhood) and institutional trust (trust in authorities). The results show that more than half the sample had no trust in police, and a high proportion had no trust in other types of authority. Among girls, those with higher levels of community trust were less likely to be victimized and involved in binge drinking. Meanwhile, girls with higher levels of institutional trust were more likely to use a condom and less likely to have used marijuana. Among boys, those with higher levels of community trust were more likely to use a condom, while those with higher levels of institutional trust were less likely to use marijuana, but more likely binge drink. Overall, this study highlights the importance of trust for adolescent health. Most surprising were the differences in the associations between boys and girls with regard to the type of trust and specific health outcome that was significant.
Assessing the Quality of Rural Hazard Mitigation Plans in the Southeastern United States

High-quality hazard mitigation plans may improve postdisaster outcomes in many ways, including establishing a community fact base and providing rationales for protective policies and actions. Hazar...
Cultivation of Trichomonas foetus in the Chick Embryo.

ConclusionTrichomonas foetus has been grown successfully in chick embryos through 14 generations (and probably could be continued indefinitely) when the parasites are inoculated beneath the chorio-allantoic membrane as described above.
Experimental research on ultra-fine magnetic separation of ultra poor magnetite by high-pressure roller mill

The total iron content of an ultra-poor magnetite ore is 8.07% and extractable iron content in this magnetite is 2.57%.Dry and wet pre-concentration tests were conducted on the products by high-pressure roller mill and magnetic separation tests were carried out on pre-concentrated products.The results showed that high-pressure roller mill products contain high amount of fine particles:76.67%of-3.2mm high-pressure roller mill products is smaller than 1.0mm.Discarding rate of dry preconcentration's tailing is 92.86% while concentrate grade is 32.85%;recovery of magnetic iron is 67.96%.Both 64.52% grade and 2.93%recovery can be reached under the condition of-0.074mm 80%and 127.4kA/m magnetic field intensity.
Enhancing HIV Prevention Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Systematic Review of HIV Behavioral Interventions for Young Gay and Bisexual Men

Men who have sex with men (MSM) represent 64.0% of people living with HIV (PLWH) over the age of 13 years. Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) are particularly affected by HIV/AIDS; the rate of HIV infection for YMSM between the ages of 13 and 24 represents 72.0% of new infections among youth. To understand the current state of the science meant to prevent HIV for YMSM, we reviewed studies of HIV behavioral prevention interventions for YMSM. Five literature databases were searched, from their inception through October 2015, using key words associated with HIV prevention intervention evaluation studies for YMSM. The review criteria included behavioral HIV/AIDS prevention interventions, articles published in English-language peer-reviewed journals, YMSM between 13 and 24 years of age, and longitudinal repeated measures design. A total of 15 YMSM behavioral HIV prevention intervention studies were identified that met inclusion criteria and reported statistically significant findings. Common outcomes included unprotected sexual intercourse, HIV/AIDS risk behavior, condom use, HIV testing, safer sex attitude, and HIV prevention communication. Participant age, representation of Black/African American YMSM, application of theoretical and model underpinnings, congruence of assessment measures used, follow-up assessment times, and application of process evaluation were inconsistent across studies. To advance HIV prevention intervention research for YMSM, future studies should be theory-based, identify common constructs, utilize standard measures, include process evaluation, and evaluate sustained change over standard periods of time. HIV prevention interventions should incorporate the needs of the diverse, well-educated, web-connected millennial generation and differentiate between adolescent YMSM (13 to 18 years of age) and young adulthood YMSM (19 to 24 years of age). Because Black/African American YMSM represent more than 50% of new HIV infections, future HIV prevention intervention studies should prioritize these young men.
On the Road to Brumaire: Napoleon’s Ghost Haunts the Provisional Government

The collapse of the monarchy led to a feeling of exhilaration among the majority of Russians. But by the late spring of 1917, the political and intellectual situation had changed in the country and it became apparent that a political crisis had developed within the Provisional Government. In their discussions of the reason for this crisis, the majority of historians agree that it resulted from deep, internal conflicts within Russian society. Here they consider social conflicts most important. The country was in the grips of a class struggle between the workers and capitalists for control of the ‘means of production’, if one may use the Marxist term. In the mind of the workers this general social conflict was seen as an elemental need: the need for ‘bread’. If the workers wanted to gain control over the ‘means of the production’ - that is, translate their need for ‘bread’ into more general sociological terms - the peasantry needed the landlords’ land. Moreover, the army could not act on the government’s behalf because the soldiers, peasants in uniform, were weary from World War I and wanted nothing more than peace.
A three dimensional finite deformation viscoelastic model for a layered polymeric material subject to blast

Abstract The aim of this paper is to carry out a three dimensional finite deformation simulation of a layered polymeric structure subject to blast loading. Such a simulation may be of use to evaluate the relative capabilities of different layered composites at the design phase to identify suitable candidates for detailed testing. While this is a follow up to studies carried out by Alagappan et al. (2014, 2015) within the context of one and two-spatial dimensions and time respectively, both the earlier works are related to the capturing of small strain nonlinear response of composite using a implicit two network theory. Here we provide a significant extension to a thermodynamically consistent finite deformation, fully three dimensional approach based on a two-network theory. We show that the implicit two network theory approach is able to accommodate ideas of time temperature superimposition and requires far fewer material parameters than that needed for either Prony series expansions or linear spring dashpot type models. We extend to the previously developed finite volume method (which was originally 2-dimensional, small deformation) to three-dimensional finite deformation problems. We apply the method to study the attenuation of blast by different layered structures in a fully three dimensional setting and demonstrate the effect of different layering sequence on the response of polymers subjected to impact.
Literacy of the other: renarrating humanity

Literacy of the Other: Renarrating Humanity is a volume in the ‘Transforming Subjects: Psychoanalysis, Culture, and Studies in Education’ series published by SUNY Press and edited by education and ...
Balancing a reaction wheel pendulum with PM synchronous motor actuation

The reaction wheel pendulum is an underactuated electromechanical system consisting of a pendulum with an un-driven rotation axis at one end and a motor-driven wheel at the other end. Current flow in the motor induces a torque on the wheel and a corresponding reaction torque on the pendulum. This type of system has been studied by various researchers over the past decade, but in every case under the assumption that a brush-commutated permanent-magnet dc motor actuates the system. The purpose of this paper is to extend prior work by actuating the system instead with a brushless three-phase permanent-magnet synchronous ac motor. A systematic approach to modeling and control is pursued for the problem of balancing at the inverted equilibrium. Both state-feedback and output-feedback controllers are designed on the basis of a reduced-order model, and the designs are compared through simulation and analysis. Linear quadratic optimization is used to obtain both regulator and estimator gains, and a loop transfer recovery procedure is used so that the loop gain of the output-feedback design approximates that of the state-feedback design.
Synchronized Mixed Presence Data-Conferencing Using Large-Scale Shared Displays

Real world group-to-group collaboration often occurs between partially distributed interdisciplinary teams, with each discipline working in a unique environment suited for its needs. Groupware must be flexible so that it can be incorporated into a variety of workspaces in order to successfully facilitate this type of mixed presence collaboration. We have developed two new techniques for sharing and synchronizing multi-user applications between heterogeneous large-scale shared displays. The first new technique partitions displays into a perfectly mirrored public space and a local private space. The second new technique enables user-controlled partial synchronization, where different attributes of an application can be synchronized or controlled independently. This paper presents two main contributions of our work: 1) identifying deficiencies in current groupware for interacting with data during mixed presence collaboration, and 2) developing two multi-user data synchronization techniques to address these deficiencies and extend current collaborative infrastructure for large-scale shared displays.
Hippocampus, Spatial Memory and Neuroimmunomodulation

The hippocampus is a symmetrical structure located inside the medial temporal lobe on both sides of the human brain. In cross-sections, the hippocampus consists of two interlocking sheets of cortex with three distinct sub-regions: the dentate gyrus, the hippocampus proper (CA1–CA3) and the subiculum. The hippocampus has a much defined laminar structure with layers visible where rows of pyramidal cells are arranged. A striking feature of hippocampus is its connection circuitry. The connections within the hippocampus generally follow this laminar format and are largely unidirectional. They form well-characterized closed loops that originate mainly in the adjacent entorhinal cortex. Thus information flow through the hippocampus proceeds from dentate gyrus to CA3 to CA1 to the subiculum, forming the principal trisynaptic circuit. Together with the adjacent amygdala and entorhinal cortex, the hippocampus forms the central axis of the limbic system and plays an important role in spatial learning and awareness, navigation, and episodic/event memory. In addition, the hippocampus plays a role in neuroimmunomodulation.
The Immune Response to Astrovirus Infection

Astroviruses are one of the leading causes of pediatric gastroenteritis worldwide and are clinically importantly pathogens in the elderly and immunocompromised populations. Although the use of cell culture systems and small animal models have enhanced our understanding of astrovirus infection and pathogenesis, little is known about the immune response to astrovirus infection. Studies from humans and animals suggest that adaptive immunity is important in restricting classic and novel astrovirus infections, while studies from animal models and cell culture systems suggest that an innate immune system plays a role in limiting astrovirus replication. The relative contribution of each arm of the immune system in restricting astrovirus infection remains unknown. This review summarizes our current understanding of the immune response to astrovirus infection and highlights some of the key questions that stem from these studies. A full understanding of the immune response to astrovirus infection is required to be able to treat and control astrovirus-induced gastroenteritis.
A Statistical Model of Shared Variability in the Songbird Auditory System

Vocal communication evokes robust responses in primary auditory cortex (A1) of songbirds, and single neurons from superficial and deep regions of A1 have been shown to respond selectively to songs over complex, synthetic sounds. However, little is known about how this song selectivity arises and manifests itself on the level of networks of neurons in songbird A1. Here, we examined the network-level coding of song and synthetic sounds in A1 by simultaneously recording the responses of multiple neurons in unanesthetized zebra finches. We developed a latent factor model of the joint simultaneous activity of these neural populations, and found that the shared variability in the activity has a surprisingly simple structure; it is dominated by an unobserved latent source with one degree-of-freedom. This simple model captures the structure of the correlated activity in these populations in both spontaneous and stimulus-driven conditions, and given both song and synthetic stimuli. The inferred latent variability is strongly suppressed under stimulation, consistent with similar observations in a range of mammalian cortical regions.
Fairness, Equality, Proportionality, and Parsimony: Towards a Comprehensive Jurisprudence of Just Punishment

The retributive conception of punishment as a process for censuring blameworthy conduct is an important component of a complete theory of punitive justice, but by itself is not enough. Nor are ‘mixed’ theories that incorporate traditional retributive ideas as constraints on pursuit of consequentialist crime prevention goals. If punishment were unidimensional, involved only first offenders convicted of a single offence, and based solely on censuring blameworthy behaviour, theorizing would be easier: offenders should be censured, and punished, precisely as much as they deserve relative to the censure and punishment of others convicted of the same and different offences. In mixed theories, punishments of individuals should never exceed what is deserved relative to the punishments of others. All that would be needed is a sufficiently discriminant ordinal scale of offence seriousness tied to proportionate punishments. Theories of punitive justice, however, cannot be unidimensional. Nor can they be premised on the situations of first offenders, on single offences, or on a single overriding value such as censure. More is at stake. A complete theory of punitive justice must also satisfy the requirements of independently important principles of fairness, equal treatment, and human dignity.
Weight gain and supplemental O2: Risk factors during the hematopoietic cell transplant admission in pediatric patients

Background Respiratory failure in the pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipient is the leading cause for admission to the intensive care unit and carries a high mortality rate. The objective of this study is to investigate the association of clinical risk factors with the development of respiratory failure in the pediatric allogeneic HCT recipient. Procedures This is a single-center, retrospective review of allogeneic pediatric HCT from 2008 to 2014. Multiple variables were examined. The primary outcome was respiratory failure. Percent weight gain was investigated at multiple time points. Bivariate and multivariate regression was used. Results Of the 87 allogeneic HCT recipients, 22 (25%) developed respiratory failure. Mortality for entire cohort was 13.8%. All who died were intubated prior to death. The group with respiratory failure had significantly higher percent weight gain increase at multiple time points: peak weight prior to discharge or intubation (P = 0.008), weight at discharge or intubation (P = .001), and weight at day 43 (median day for intubation) (P = 0.02). Odds ratio (OR) for respiratory failure increased with increasing percentage peak weight gain: 10% increase (3.1 [1.1, 9.0]), 15% increase (4.1 [1.5, 11.2]), and 20% (8.3 [2.4. 28.9]). Fifty percent of all patients required supplemental O2. OR for respiratory failure in patients requiring more than 1 l supplemental O2 is 25.3 (6.5, 98.7). Conclusion Percent weight gain and need for supplemental oxygen is highly associated with the development of respiratory failure in pediatric HCT recipients, representing predictors of acute respiratory failure in pediatric HCT. These data could be incorporated into an algorithm that should be developed, implemented, and validated in a prospective, multicenter fashion.
Experiments for Control of Large Space Structures

Abstract Recent progress in the area of control experiments for large space structures is reviewed. Topics include large angle slewing of a flexible panel and the Spacecraft Control Laboratory Experiment (SCOLE). In large angle slewing, experiments on a flexible solar panel model are discussed. Experimental results for slewing control in air and in vacuum are presented to illustrate the effect of air drag on the controller design. In SCOLE, the design of laboratory apparatus will be discussed. The status of research activities oriented primarily to the improvement of analysis capabilities through testing is presented
A factor analytic study of the father form of the parental attitude research instrument

The father form of the Parental Attitude Research Instrument was administered to a sample of 69 males. Spearman—Brown reliabilities for the 30 scales of this instrument were computed. The range of reliabilities was .29 to .86 with a median of .695, which indicates use of these scales is justified for group comparisons. The 30 scales were intercorrelated and factor analyzed using the procedure based on eigenvalue analysis, and rotated to a final varimax solution. Seven factors were found as follows: The first three of these factors correspond to the three factors found for the mother form of the PARI by previous investigators.
Sensor for Early Recognition of Imminent Vasovagal Syncope

As a rule, vasovagal syncopal episodes tend to occur as solitary or very infrequent events in most patients. Consequently, in terms of preventive therapy, few patients require more than reassurance, and most of the remainder are adequately managed using any of several prophylactic pharmacological treatment strategies (e.g., salt/water retention, beta-adrenergic blockade, disopyramide, midodrine, etc.). Occasionally, however, syncopal events persist. In such cases, implantable therapeutic devices designed to both recognize an imminent vasovagal faint, and initiate treatment automatically (e.g., pacemakers with specialized pacing algorithms, or combined pacemaker-drug infusion systems), may prove beneficial.
Customer benefit optimization for residential PV with energy storage systems

The paper reports a benefit analysis for residential photovoltaic (PV) system for customers particularly in the state of Arizona by conducting an optimum economic analysis for the PV-energy storage system, optimizing the use of energy storage device to maximize the profit and minimize utility bills in accordance with the tariffs and polices of the locality. Load forecasting has been done by using the weighted k-mean clustering technique on the basis of previous years' load, temperature and the forecasted temperature and a battery discharge technique is provided to reduce the peak demand charge.
What Are the Nutrition Education Needs of Refugees: Assessment of Food Choices, Shopping and Spending Practices of South-Asian Refugees in the USA

This study was designed to assess food choices, shopping, and spending practices among the Southeast Asian refugee group of “Montagnards” resettled in the USA. A convenience sample of 12 Montagnard refugee women, fluent in Rhade and/or Jarai, was recruited and asked to provide all the grocery food receipts for a 1-month period. At the end of the 1-month period, participants were interviewed to collect information on socio-demographics and general food shopping practices. On average, participants had lived in the USA for 6 years, and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (commonly known as Food Stamps) benefits accounted for approximately 55% of total grocery food purchases. The analyses of food receipts showed that a major proportion of the food budget was spent on rice and meat. The lowest proportion of the food budget was spent on dairy or dairy products. Making a grocery list or the use of coupons was not common among participants. Nutrition education for refugees upon resettlement is vital. In particular, topics such as food budgeting and the importance of a well-balanced diet should be covered to promote a healthy lifestyle among resettled refugees.
Colonic Bacterial Activity Effect of Fiber on Substrate Concentration and on Enzyme Action

As currently used by most physicians, the term dietary fiber includes all of the nonstarch polysaccharides, lignins, sugar alcohols, and low-molecular-weight carbohydrates not metabolized by the enzymes of the human small intestinal mucosa. If this definition of dietary fiber as the indigestible residue of the carbohydrate fraction of the diet is accepted, then it should clearly also include a proportion of the dietary starch, the magnitude of which varies with the extent and type of cooking.
The Hong Psychological Reactance Scale: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis.

Confirmatory factor analysis of the Hong Psychological Reactance Scale (N = 1,444) found inadequate fit for Hong's 4 orthogonal models but sufficient fit for 2 nonorthogonal models.
Electrochemically Induced Nuclear Fusion of Deuterium: The Existence of Negatively Charged Deuteride Ions

In this paper cold fusion of deuterium by electrolysis of heavy water onto a palladium (or titanium) cathode is reported. Contrary to the assumption of Fleishmann and Pons that electrochemically compressed D{sup +} exists inside the palladium cathode, the observations of Jones et al. can be partially explained by the simultaneous presence of deuteride D{sup {minus}} and the highly mobile positive deuterium ion D{sup +}. The opposite charges reduce the intranuclear distance and enhance the tunneling fusion rate. Furthermore, alloying of lithium with palladium can stabilize a negatively charged deuteride ion due to the salinelike character of lithium deuteride. The enormous pressure (or fugacity), achieved by the applied electrochemical potential (10{sup 30} atm), is a virtual pressure that would have existed in equilibrium with palladium deuteride (PdD{sub x}). It is speculated that nuclear fusion occurs at the surface, and the PdD{sub x} serves as a reservoir for the supply of deuteride ions.
Transient Suppression of Yeast Phagocytosis Induced by Legionella Pneumophila in Cultures of Murine Resident Peritoneal Macrophages

Macrophages play a central role in host resistance to microbial infections. Ingestion and subsequent killing of pathogenic microorganisms are necessary for prohibiting the spread of infectious agents. However, microorganisms or their products have the potential to severely compromise host immune defenses by altering the normal functioning of macrophages. For example, Legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular pathogen that grows within monocytes and macrophages (2,13,18). Proliferation of the organisms within these cells occurs even in the presence of serum antibody and complement (14,15). L. pneumophila appears to evade destruction within phagocytes by inhibiting phagosome-lysosome fusion (12). Thus, the prevention of phagolysosome fusion impairs this normal macrophage function which can lead to decreased host resistance.
General Features of Triplex Structures

Generally, a triplex consists of a duplex, where the base pairs are formed via Watson-Crick hydrogen bonds, and a third strand, whose bases form hydrogen bonds with one base of each base pair of the duplex. In the earlier studies of polymer or oligomer triplexes, at least one of the strands was homopurine, indicating an important role of hydrogen-bonding capabilities of purine bases in the formation of the structure (Felsenfeld et al., 1957; Rich, 1958a,b; Lipsett, 1963, 1964; Miles, 1964; Sasisekharan and Sigler, 1965; Riley et al., 1966; Morgan and Wells, 1968; Thiele and Guschlbauer, 1968, 1971; Marck and Thiele, 1978; Lee et al., 1979). The underlying basis for triplex formation is that purines have potential hydrogen-bonding donors and acceptors that can form two hydrogen bonds with incoming third bases. By contrast, pyrimidine bases already involved in the duplex can form only one additional hydrogen bond with incoming third bases. The hydrogen bonds of such a type are traditionally called Hoogsteen bonds after their discovery in adenine—thymine cocrystals by Hoogsteen in 1959. To form a more stable structure, the third strand bases bind to the purine bases of the duplex.