cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A sum-over-paths algorithm for third-order impulse-response moment extraction within RC IC-interconnect networks

Abstract We have created the first stochastic SoP (Sum-over-Paths) algorithm to extract third-order impulse-response (IR) moment within RC IC interconnects. It employs a newly discovered Feynman SoP Postulate. Importantly, our algorithm maintains computational efficiency and full parallelism. Our approach begins with generation of s-domain nodal-voltage equations. We then perform a Taylor-series expansion of the circuit transfer function. These expansions yield transition diagrams involving mathematical coupling constants, or weight factors, in integral powers of complex frequency s. Our SoP Postulate enables stochastic evaluation of path sums within the circuit transition diagram to order s3—corresponding to the order of IR moment (m3) we seek here. We furnish, for the first time, an informal algebraic proof independently validating our SoP Postulate and algorithm. We list, as well, detailed procedural steps, suitable for coding, that define an efficient stochastic algorithm for m3 IR extraction. Origins of the algorithm’s statistical “capacitor-number cubed” correction and “double-counting” weight factors are explained, for completeness. Our algorithm was coded and successfully tested against exact analytical solutions for 3-, 5-, and 10-stage RC lines. We achieved better than 0.65% 1-σ error convergence, after only 10K statistical samples, in less than 1 s of 2-GHz Pentium® execution time. These results continue to suggest that stochastic SoP algorithms may find useful application in circuit analysis of massively coupled networks, such as those encountered in high-end digital IC-interconnect CAD.
Vascular IL-10: a protective role in preeclampsia

IL-10 is a pregnancy compatible cytokine that plays a vital role in maintaining the balance of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory milieu at the maternal-fetal interface. Recent evidence now suggests that IL-10 is a potent vascular cytokine that can blunt hypertension and inflammation-mediated vascular dysfunction. Thus, a re-evaluation of IL-10 as a cytokine supporting endovascular interactions and angiogenesis as well as blunting hypoxic-injury and preeclampsia-like features is warranted. In this review, we highlight these novel functions of IL-10 and propose that its immune-modulating and vascular functions are mutually inclusive, particularly in the context of normal gestation.
A survey of automation practices in the food industry

Abstract Over the last few years, the food manufacturing industry has experienced unprecedented growth and became one of the major forces in the US economy. Some recently published surveys [N.A. Aly, A survey on the use of computer-integrated manufacturing in food processing companies, Food Technol. 43 (3) (1989) pp. 82–87; R.H. Caro, W.E. Morgan, Trends in process control and instrumentation, Food Technol. 43 (7) (1991) 62–66] indicate that the food industry has been rather slow to adopt new automation technologies, yet considering utilizing such technologies in the near future. A nationwide scientific survey of US food manufacturers was conducted to better determine the current state of automation in the food industry. The survey also included system integrators and equipment suppliers that sell goods and services to US food manufacturers. It has been determined that although there has been a significant increase in food process automation over the last decade, the current level of automation is extremely variable. Larger manufacturing plants are generally better automated and have less desire for future technological evolution. Equipment suppliers and system integrators are more advanced in the field of food process automation, but this advancement is seldom used due to food industry's low demand for advanced technologies.
In situ poling and polymerization of multifunctional monomers for second harmonic generation

A novel method for the synthesis of second harmonic generating (SHG) materials is proposed and tested in which liquid, multifunctional monomers with dissolved dopants are poled and polymerized simultaneously. Instead of requiring multiple steps and hours or days to synthesize SHG materials, this technique is able to produce doped guest/host systems in a single step process which takes two minutes or less. In addition, the polymer that is produced is highly crosslinked and provides good thermal and temporal stability of the SHG. To increase the stability of the SHG signal the dopant can be attached to the crosslinked network further decreasing the mobility. Advantages of this process include its simplicity, speed, stability, and the ability to make SHG materials of any thickness by successively polymerizing layers. This work presents a detailed description of the new procedure as well as results for the effect of dopant concentration, the magnitude of the SHG, and the structure of the crosslinked polymer that serves as the dopant host. Also, a method of synthesizing functionalized Disperse Red 1 that can be incorporated as a side chain is presented. Results are presented for the order parameter and SHG stability at room temperature and 100°C.
Risk factors and complications in hip reconstruction for nonambulatory patients with cerebral palsy

Background Hip dysplasia is prevalent in nonambulatory children with cerebral palsy, and may contribute to a decreased quality of life (Lonstein in J Pediatr Orthop 6:521–526, 1). Reconstructive procedures such as a femoral varus derotation osteotomy with or without a pelvic osteotomy are commonly employed with the goal of achieving and maintaining well reduced hips.
Fatty acids from the scent glands of the Louisiana muskrat

1. The mixture of fatty acids from muskrat scent glands has been analyzed by the ester fractionation method. 2. The esters of myristic, palmitic, hexadecenoic, oleic, and linoleic acids were found present as major components in these glands. Unsaturated acids of the C24 and C26 series are also present to the extent of 8.5% of the total fatty acids. Acids present to less than 1% each include decanoic, dodecanoic, stearic, tetracosanoic, dodecenoic, and tetradecenoic acids. 3. Application of determinants for the solution of simultaneous equations has been presented as a method which greatly simplifies and facilitates the calculations necessary to this type of work. 4. The possible relationship existing between fatty acids and macrocyclic carbinols has been considered and possible mechanisms for such transformations have been presented.
Renal cell carcinoma. A clinicopathologic and dna flow cytometric analysis of 103 cases

Renal cell carcinoma is unpredictable in outcome, although the best predictor is tumor stage, followed by histologic grade. The authors retrospectively assessed the clinicopathologic features and DNA ploidy of 103 cases of renal cell carcinoma, the latter determined by flow cytometry of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. The study group comprised 63 men and 40 women (age, 28-80 years; mean, 57 years). Robson stage at diagnosis was Stage I in 52 patients, Stage II in 21, and Stage III in 30. Statistically significant variables in predicting outcome were Robson stage (P less than 0.0001), DNA ploidy (P = 0.0008), mitotic rate (MR, P less than 0.0001), worst nuclear grade (WNG, P = 0.00009), predominant nuclear grade (P = 0.019), and sex (P = 0.044). Tumor size, cell type, and architectural pattern were also assessed but did not prove to be significant. Statistically significant associations occurred between DNA ploidy and WNG (P less than 0.0001), stage (P = 0.0037), and MR (P = 0.015); between WNG and MR (P less than 0.0001) and stage (P = 0.0007); and between stage and MR (P = 0.002). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis of all significant variables showed Robson stage, tumor ploidy, and MR to be independent, significant predictors of outcome. If ploidy data had not been available, WNG would have been independently significant. The authors conclude that DNA ploidy analysis provides significant predictive information on renal cell carcinoma.
Non-ideal collection characteristics of inertial impactors—I. Single-stage impactors and solid particles

Abstract Experiments were performed to evaluate the influence of the nature of collection on the retention efficiency of impactors for particles of polystyrene latex between 0.79 and 1.1 μm dia. Results indicate that collection characteristics of impactors are significantly influenced by the nature of their collection surfaces. With oil-coated plates, collection efficiency curves rise sharply from 0 to 100%. However, with uncoated plates, efficiency curves rise to a value of 30–50% and drop sharply thereafter. The use of glass fiber filters as collection surfaces reduces particle bounce significantly, but modified impactor collection characteristics. Whatman filters do not reduce bounce appreciably. As the precipitate layer thickness increases, collection efficiency increases, resulting in a decrease in the stage cut point.
Children's construction of the logic of arithmetic

Abstract Developing logical structures is an important basis for students' full understanding of arithmetic. An interview with 5 third graders, 15 fourth graders, and 18 fifth graders who were procedurally proficient with multidigit subtraction assessed students' understanding of the logic underlying the standard regrouping algorithm for multidigit subtraction. Surprisingly, most of the subjects rejected the generally accepted logical argument that the minuend was conserved because an even exchange of 100 occurred. These students believed that 100 could not be put in the tens column during regrouping. A brief instructional sequence designed to uncover any latent understanding was not successful. Educational implications include more attention to problem solving so that children construct general, logical principles like the part/whole relationships that are central to understanding arithmetic.
Correlates of metacontrast in single cells of the cat visual system.

Abstract Curarized cats received light stimuli consisting of two spatially adjacent bars, each flashed for 20 msec with onset asynchronies of 0–120 msec. Extracellular single unit activity was recorded from optic tract, lateral geniculate and visual cortex. After a receptive field was plotted, the stimuli were presented symmetrically about the field center and in several eccentric locations. In the optic tract and lateral geniculate, monotonic decreases of cell firing occurred as the stimuli became closer in time. In the cortex, cells which showed a late peak of firing 200 msec after stimulus onset showed a reduction of the late peak which followed a U-shaped function, with minimum firing at onset asynchronies of about 60 msec. A simple summation of excitation and inhibition can account for the masking. The data explain several paradoxes in the metacontrast literature.
US rural economic competitiveness by the numbers: Data mining, analysis, and web-mapping

Abstract The lack of data upon which to base private- and public-sector decisions is an important challenge in rural areas of the United States and other countries. Data suppression, done to protect the confidentiality of individual firms and people, compounds the more general paucity of rural economic data in the US. This article evaluates the use of linear programming for estimating suppressed values in the important US Census data series County Business Patterns (CBP). The full CBP dataset, enhanced with the estimates for suppressed values, was then used in shift-share analysis (SSA) at several levels of spatial aggregation. Finally, a publicly available website was developed to map the results of the SSA as well as the values of fifteen variables that may affect regional competitiveness. The overall result is a methodology for mining, analyzing, and visualizing rural economic data.
Electron microscope study of development of cat superficial neocortex

Electron microscope observations have been made on neuron cell bodies, dendrites and synapses in the superficial neocortex of near-term fetal, neonatal and 1- and 2-week-old kittens. Differences in cell bodies in fetal, newborn and older kittens are seen in the volume of cytoplasm and characteristics of the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum and the relationship of RNP rosettes to intracytoplasmic membranes. Cell bodies and dendrites with characteristic tubules are densely packed in the immediate neonatal period. Close apposition (150–200 A) of dendrites and cell bodies is commonly seen at this developmental stage. Dendritic processes in the neuropil are relatively large and homogeneous in fetal and newborn kittens. Dendritic terminals 300 A to 400 A in diameter are not observed until the sixth to ninth postnatal day. The development of such fine processes accounts in part for the elaboration of neuropil and the postnatal decrease in cell body density. Axodendritic synapses with characteristics similar to those observed in adult animals are seen in fetal and newborn kittens. Axosomatic synapses are rarely observed until the end of the first postnatal week. The differential development of axodendritic and axosomatic synapses is discussed in terms of the electrophysiological properties of immature cat neocortex.
Complete cDNA sequence and chromosomal localization of mouse α1-antitrypsin

Abstract A cDNA encoding the complete open reading frame of murine α 1 -antitrypsin has been cloned and sequenced. The nucleic acid and predicted amino acid sequences show homology to human α 1 -antitrypsin and demonstrate the preservation of critical structural determinants for intracellular targeting, carbohydrate attachment, and catalytic function. The α 1 -antitrypsin gene locus (Aat) has been localized on murine chromosome 12E → F by in situ hybridization.
A model for testing hypotheses of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., population dynamics

A model for simulating long-term gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) population dynamics in North America has been developed. Simulated ecological processes include larval dispersal, foliage consumption on different host trees, reproduction, and mortality due to natural enemies (virus, 4 guilds of parasitoids, and 2 guilds of predators). Population dynamics in several forest stands can be simulated taking into account the migration of gypsy moth and its natural enemies. The model fits well to the following observations and data: (1) quasi-periodic outbreaks at approximately 10-year intervals, (2) life-tables in different outbreak phases, (3) increased parasitism in artificially augmented gypsy moth populations, and (4) phase plots of population dynamics. Simulated survival curves are intermediate between those reported by J.S. Elkinton et al. and by J.R. Gould et al. It is shown that low-density gypsy moth populations can be stabilized by immigration from high-density areas without any density-dependent local processes. The model supports the following hypotheses about gypsy moth population dynamics: (1) density fluctuations of small mammal predators is the most probable synchronization factor in gypsy moth populations; (2) the outbreak frequency depends on the proportion of susceptible tree species and the density of small mammal predators; (3) bacterial insecticide can be applied less frequently for gypsy moth control than can a chemical insecticide of the same killing power because the bacterial insecticide spares invertebrate natural enemies; (4) the success of gypsy moth eradication programs depends on the initial gypsy moth population density and on the type of functional response of predators. An alternative form of population bimodality hypothesis is suggested, according to which there are two types of gypsy moth population dynamics: eruptive in susceptible stands and stable in resistant stands.
Thermal behavior of some reducing disaccharides

Abstract Thermogravimetry was used to monitor the loss of weight of a series of reducing disaccharides during a heating process. The resulting heating-curves provide a kinetic fingerprint for the individual compounds. It was shown that the configuration of the disaccharides and the nature of the glycosidic bond affect ( a ) the shape of the heating curve, and ( b ) the temperature at which a given disaccharide loses a fixed percentage of its weight. There is also a positive correlation between the thermogravimetric data and the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the disaccharides in solution; the disaccharides that lose water at the lowest temperature are those having the largest rate-constants of acid hydrolysis. Examination of the products of heating indicate polymerization and an intramolecular loss of water, followed by cleavage to form 1,6-anhydro-aldohexopyranoses.
The presence of β2-adrenoceptors sensitizes α2A-adrenoceptors to desensitization after chronic epinephrine treatment

In addition to the regulation of blood pressure, α2- and β-adrenoceptor (AR) subtypes play an important role in the modulation of noradrenergic neurotransmission in the human CNS and PNS. Several studies suggest that the α2-AR responsiveness in cells and tissues after chronic epinephrine (EPI) or norepinephrine (NE) exposure may vary, depending on the β-AR activity present there. Recently, we reported that in BE(2)-C human neuroblastoma cells (endogenously expressing α2A- and β2-AR), chronic EPI treatment (300 nM) produced a dramatic β-adrenoceptor-dependent desensitization of the α2A-AR response. The aim of this study is to determine if stable addition of a β2-AR to a second neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y), that normally expresses only α2A-ARs that are not sensitive to 300 nM EPI exposure, would suddenly render α2A-ARs in that cell line sensitive to treatment with the same EPI concentration. These studies employed RT-PCR, receptor binding and inhibition of cAMP accumulation to confirm α2-AR subtype expression. Stable clones of SH-SY5Y cells transfected to stably express functional β2-ARs (SHβ2AR4) were selected to compare sensitivity of α2-AR to EPI in the presence or absence of β2-ARs. A series of molecular, biochemical and pharmacological studies indicated that the difference between the cell lines could not be attributed to α2-AR heterogeneity. We now report that after transfection of functional β2-AR into SH-SY5Y cells (SHβ2AR4), chronic treatment with modest levels of EPI desensitizes the α2A-AR. This effect results from a β2-AR dependent down-regulation of native α2A-ARs by EPI accompanied by enhanced translocation of GRK2 and GRK3 to the membrane (required for GRK-mediated phosphorylation of agonist-occupied receptors). This study further supports the hypothesis that the presence of the β-AR renders the α2A-AR more susceptible to desensitization with physiological levels of EPI.
Spontaneous and impulsively evoked otoacoustic emission: indicators of cochlear pathology?

Abstract The first author's right ear produces a spontaneous otoacoustic emission (SOAE) at 7529 Hz and 16 dB SPL. An external continuous tone is able to suppress the SOAE. The 3 dB iso-suppression curve is broadly tuned and displaced, relative to the SOAE, toward higher frequencies. An audiogram notch exists at frequencies just below that of the SOAE. We explain the occurrence of both spontaneous and impulsively evoked OAEs in terms of disruption of active feedback mechanisms of the OHCs upon basilar membrane vibration. According to this hypothesis, each segment of the organ of Corti feeds back positively upon its segment of basilar membrane and negatively upon adjacent segments. If a patch of OHC loss exists, adjacent segments of the basilar membrane are released from the negative feedback and respond to an impulsive stimulus with exaggerated oscillations at their resonance frequencies, thus producing OAEs. At particularly sharp transitions between normal and abnormal regions of the organ of Corti SOAEs may be generated.
Bone structure effect on root resorption.

Structured Abstract Authors – Otis LL, Hong JSH, Tuncay OC Objectives – To explore if alveolar bone shape and density might promote external apical root resorption. Setting and Sample Population – Panoramic radiographs of 700 patients who had orthodontic treatment at Temple University were reviewed and 22 patients with radiographic evidence of root resorption on the lower incisors were selected for the study. Exclusion criteria included a history of systemic diseases, craniofacial abnormalities, tooth injury, endodontically treated teeth, and impacted teeth. Methods – Pre-treatment (T1) and post-treatment (T2) cephalometric radiographs were converted into digital format and enhanced to reduce contrast variability and improve edge definition. Tooth length, root length, root area, alveolar area around the root including cortical area, area of medullary bone, and area of the symphysis were measured using an interactive software algorithm. A region of interest within the symphysis was also defined and trabecular space area and fractal dimension calculated as an estimate of bone density. Results – Root area and tooth length were correlated negatively with changes in root area, tooth area, and root length. Larger teeth demonstrated a greater amount of root resorption. Dentoalveolar complex dimensions remained relatively unchanged during tooth movement. The amount of alveolar bone around the root, thickness of cortical bone, density of the trabecular network, and fractal dimension showed no significant correlation with the extent of the external apical root resorption. Conclusions – The results of this study suggest that the density and morphology of the dentoalveolar complex are not significant factors in the etiology of external apical root resorption.
Race and social distance: intermarriage with non-Latino Whites

Abstract Using 1990 census data, I examine variations in interracial marriage with non-Latino Whites among native- and foreign-born African Americans, Latinos, and Asian Americans. I further classify Latinos by race and national origin and Asian Americans by national origin. For each minority group, the native-born are much more likely to marry non-Latino Whites than the foreign-born. Interracial marriage with non-Latino Whites differ significantly by minority group: Latino Whites are most likely to marry non-Latino Whites, followed by Asian Americans, Latino non-Whites, and then African Americans. This suggests that race relations are no longer simply White and non-White. Skin tone of non-Whites plays a significant role in variations in intermarriage. Fair skinned minorities are more likely to marry Whites than darker skinned minorities. Skin tone, however, does not explain why persons of one Asian or Latino group have higher levels of intermarriage than those of another Asian or Latino group. To understand Latino and Asian American diversity, we need to take into account cultural differences in countries of origin as well as their divergent experiences in American society.
Religiosity of young adults: does childhood maltreatment make a difference?

Previous research on the association between maltreatment in childhood and later religious beliefs and behaviours suggests that maltreatment may have either negative or positive influences on religiosity. However, methodological limitations of previous studies may limit their generalisability. The present study attempted to address these limitations. We examined associations between childhood physical, sexual, and emotional abuse and several dimensions of adult religiosity in a large sample of college students (N = 763). Associations between child maltreatment and religiosity were weak (rs ≤ 0.09). After controlling for possible demographic confounds, the only significant association was between childhood emotional abuse and religious questing.
Is GIS appropriate technologyquest

Abstract Appropriate technology (AT) has become an integral part of the programmes for decentralized regional development in the Third World. ‘Appropriate’ techniques are usually low in capital costs; they can be maintained without a high level of expertise; and they do not involve patents, expensive copyrights and royalties. By these criteria a commercial geographical information system (GIS) is not an appropriate technology to be used in decentralized development However, the use of local renewable resources involves the adoption of end-use analysis for matching end-uses to specific sources so as to minimize the consumption of material and energy (i.e., minimize entropy). This matching requires much information which leads to what may be called the 'information-entropy trade-off; minimization of entropy requires an inverse increase in information. In this respect computers and GIS have an important contribution to make to decentralized regional planning. Drawing on a case study in Sri Lanka, this paper ...
Clinical presentation and outcome of patients hospitalized for symptomatic in-stent restenosis treated by percutaneous coronary intervention: Comparison between drug-eluting stents and bare-metal stents

Summary Background In-stent restenosis remains the major limitation of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), particularly after bare-metal stent (BMS) implantation. Drug-eluting stents (DES) decrease in-stent restenosis, which is thought to have minimal clinical consequences, but may increase the risk of stent thrombosis and its attendant high mortality rate. Aims To assess the clinical consequences of in-stent restenosis, including severity of associated illness and acute and 1-year outcomes and to compare DES and BMS in-stent restenosis. Methods Using our prospective PCI registry, we compared data from 1958 consecutive patients hospitalized with BMS in-stent restenosis between January 2000 and April 2003 and all 190 patients with DES in-stent restenosis admitted between April 2003 and September 2006. Risk-adjusted outcomes were calculated using propensity-score matching. Results An unstable presentation was noted in 78.1% of 2148 patients. Patients with DES in-stent restenosis presented more often with acute myocardial infarction (4.3% versus 1.6%, p Conclusion In-stent restenosis is associated with unstable presentation and a higher 1-year adverse events rate than expected in patients undergoing elective PCI. For an identical level of cardiac risk, it seems that DES in-stent restenosis outcomes are slightly worse than BMS in-stent restenosis outcomes.
Glatiramer acetate in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.

The development of glatiramer acetate (GA) was a result of the juxtaposition of unexpected serendipity with rigorous scientific investigation. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) has long served as an animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). This inflammatory disease can be induced with injection of whole spinal cord homogenate or specific proteins, including myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein, or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. In the early 1960s, investigators at the Weitzmann Institute in Israel sought to generate a polymer that would reproduce the effects of MBP in eliciting EAE. They believed that development of a synthetic molecule that could mimic the encephalitogenic effects of EAE might provide a useful tool for further investigation of that animal model. Among the many polymers they produced, one, in particular, failed to produce EAE. Surprisingly, this compound, then referred to as copolymer 1 (Cop 1), prevented and suppressed EAE [1]. Initial experiments demonstrated a markedly suppressive effect on EAE in rabbits and guinea pigs induced with bovine and human MBP [2]. The incidence of EAE decreased from approximately 75% in the control group to approximately 20% in the Cop 1–treated animals. EAE is species specific regarding the species from which the MBP is derived and the species in which the disease is induced. Thus, the next logical step was to investigate the effects of Cop 1 in other species. The originally unexpected outcome of suppression of EAE was recapitulated in a variety of animal species, including mice [3] and subhuman primates. The experimental work in rhesus monkeys [4] and baboons [5] particularly was encouraging. In these species, MBP-induced EAE is highly lethal. Yet, administration of Cop 1 was able to reverse the condition even after symptoms had appeared, a situation
Deformation dynamics of pore-free Ti4+-doped and pure c-axis sapphire crystals

Single crystal alumina filaments undoped and Ti4+-doped, having the c-axis within 2° of the filament axis were plastically strained in constant strain-rate tensile experiments. The results of differential strain-rate and differential temperature tests were used to calculate the stress exponents in the strain-rate equation, the activation volumes, and the activation enthalpies. The relatively high values of the stress-exponents (6 to 7), the variations of the activation enthalpy with stress and temperature, and the magnitudes of the strain-independent activation volumes suggest overcoming the Peierls-Nabarro stress as the rate-limiting mechanism for plastic deformation of the alumina crystals. The microscopic observations of the deformed specimens are consistent with slip on the {10¯11} 〈¯1101〉 pyramidal system as reported in previous investigations of similar materials.
Performance of Asphalt and Clay Liners as a Uranium Mill Tailings Leachate Barrier

Pacific Northwest Laboratory is evaluating the long-term effectiveness of various asphalt and clay liner materials as a radionuclide and process chemical barrier from uranium mill tailings. A field test is being conducted by monitoring asphalt and clay liners installed at the Grand Junction, Colorado tailings site. In addition eight prospective liners have undergone three months exposure to accelerated conditions to predict their behavior over a 1000 year period. High calcium leachates have been forced through thin layers of clay to determine the ability of the clay to resist ion exchange, which reduces its swelling capabilities. Asphalt liners have been exposed to elevated temperatures and increased strengths of oxidizing agents to accelerate their aging process. The permeability coefficients measured during this exposure were then used to predict each liners stability with time. The analyses thus far show that clay soils with bentonite amendments and most asphalt compositions have good long-term performance characteristics.
Children's Developing Awareness of Diversity in People's Trains of Thought

This research explored the development of one insight about the mind, namely, the belief that people's trains of thought differ even when they see the same stimulus. In Study 1, 5-year-olds, 9-year-olds, and adults heard stories about characters who saw the same object. Although the older groups predicted the object would trigger different trains of thought, most 5-year-olds did not. In Study 2, 5-year-olds (preschoolers and kindergartners) and 7-year-olds heard similar stories, plus stories with additional individuating information about each character. With age, children increasingly recognized that thoughts would differ and could explain why. The development of this insight during the school years likely provides children with a more complete understanding of what it means to be a unique individual.
Friedel-type sum rule for a general periodic potential.

By using the continual direct-sum decomposition obtained previously for the t operators, it is shown that the change of the density of states in the presence of a general (non-muffin-tin) periodic potential can be given in a determinant form involving only the on-shell t matrix. The result obtained is close to the usual Friedel sum rule of scattering theory which, however, relies strongly on the existence of asymptotic free motion and hence, on the existence of the phase-shift motion. Thus, since the periodic potential does not allow for the existence of asymptotic free motion, the present result illustrates a rather general trace property of the resolvent, which appears to be independent of the very different boundary conditions in the two cases.
The form of tsunamis generated in coastal regions

Abstract The deep ocean waveform that results from a seismic event localized near a coastline is investigated using a simple model for the near-shore topography and the ground motion. It is found that the variable depth underlying the ground upthrust substantially enhances the distortion of the emerging Tsunami. An appropriate initial-value problem is solved numerically, from which an empirical formula is inferred that provides an approximate assessment of the deep ocean waveshape.
Sonography of the Accessory Head of the Biceps Brachii

Anatomic variations in the anterior aspect of the shoulder, such as an accessory head of the biceps brachii muscle, are not uncommon. The magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopic appearance of the accessory head of the biceps brachii has been recently described. This series demonstrates the sonographic appearance of the accessory head of the biceps brachii in the bicipital groove. It is an asymptomatic, flat, echogenic structure with average measurements of 7.7 × 1.2 mm in cross section. Knowledge of this anatomic variant can avoid the misdiagnosis of a longitudinal split tear and improve the accuracy of sonography.
Avalanche Injection of Holes into SiO2

Avalanche injection techniques are used to provide hole currents through MOS capacitors and study the trapping of holes in the oxide layer. Although radiation is not in any way involved in these experiments, the trapped positive charge and surface states resulting from hole injection are similar to those obtained using radiation. The processing and oxide thickness dependence of hole trapping phenomena are also investigated. Prolonged post-oxidation annealing treatments are shown to lead to enhanced hole trapping in "hardened" oxides. Hole trapping cross-sections between 10-13 and 10-14 cm2 and trap densities between 1012 - 1013 cm-2 are measured depending on the processing conditions. The effective charge density is studied over the range of oxide thickness between 200 A and 600 A as a function of post-oxidation anneal in these "hardened" oxides. While the effective charge density is only weakly dependent on oxide thickness in unannealed oxides, in annealed oxides it exhibits a strong linear dependence of trapping on oxide thickness. The dependence on post-oxidation anneal time and ambient are also discussed. These results indicate a strong similarity between hole trapping induced by avalanche injection and by radiation.
Crane's Maggie, A Girl of the Streets

(1992). Crane's Maggie, A Girl of the Streets. The Explicator: Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 225-228.
Frequency correspondence between membranes and functionally graded spherical shallow shells of polygonal planform

Abstract The present work presents further development of the linking relationships between vibration frequencies predicted by different theories, and they are extended from a flat plate to a spherical shallow shell. In analogy with the membrane vibration problem, exact correspondences are found for vibration frequencies of a functionally graded spherical shallow shell using the classical theory and the first-order and third-order shear deformation theories. Only the predominantly stretching and thickness-shear vibration of dilatational type and predominantly flexural vibration are considered in this work. They are decoupled from the predominantly stretching and thickness-shear vibration of rotational type. These results apply to a simply supported functionally graded spherical shallow shell of polygonal planform with arbitrarily varying material properties in the thickness direction. A Winkler–Pasternak elastic foundation and rotary inertias are incorporated. It is proved that the mathematical analogy warrants positive free vibration frequencies for the shallow shell. Mori–Tanaka's scheme is used to estimate the material properties in the numerical results.
Analysis of trace residues of tetracyclines in animal tissues and fluids using metal chelate affinity chromatography/HPLC.

A novel method of analysis for the trace residue determination of tetracyclines in animal tissues and fluids has been developed. Clean‐up of sample extracts is based upon the specific ability of tetracyclines to chelate with divalent metal ions (metal chelate affinity chromatography, MCAC) and determination made by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The method has been tested for the determination of oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC) and chlortetracycline (CTC) in porcine kidney and muscle, ovine kidney, bovine kidney and milk, and trout muscle. Recoveries at the 0.05 mg/kg level for OTC, TC and CTC respectively were 75%, 63%, 73% in porcine kidney, 77%, 79%, 76% in porcine muscle, 85%, 54%, 53% in bovine kidney, 78%, 63%, 57% in ovine kidney, 75%, 58%, 56% in fish (trout) muscle, and 80%, 59%, 59% in bovine milk. At this level both within‐ and between‐batch precision, as measured by the coefficient of variation (CV), was less than 10%. Determination to the 0.01 mg/kg level was carried out in ...
Reproductive correlates of chronic fatigue syndrome

A case-control study was conducted to determine whether menstrual and gynecologic abnormalities precede the onset of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in women with this disorder to a greater extent than that observed among healthy controls. We identified 150 women who met the 1988 Centers for Disease Control criteria for CFS from the Brigham and Women's Hospital Cooperative CFS Research Center. A comparison group of 149 women being seen for nongynecologic conditions were selected from the waiting area of the Brigham and Women's Hospital Internal Medicine outpatient department. Women with and without CFS completed self-administered questionnaires on menstrual, reproductive, and medical history. Women with CFS reported increased gynecologic complications and a lower incidence of premenstrual symptomatology. After adjustment for age, a somewhat greater number of cases compared with controls self-reported irregular cycles, periods of amenorrhea, and sporadic bleeding between menstrual periods. Factors suggestive of abnormal ovarian function--such as a history of polycystic ovarian syndrome, hirsutism, and ovarian cysts--were reported more often in CFS cases compared with controls. Frequent anovulatory cycles due to ovarian hyperandrogenism (PCOS) or hyperprolactinemia may increase risk for CFS through loss of the potential immunomodulatory effects of progesterone in the presence of continued estrogen production. We hypothesize that frequent anovulatory cycles due to PCOS and/or hyperprolactinemia may explain the increased reporting of gynecologic complications and the lower reported premenstrual symptomatology observed in women with CFS.
Facial Swelling in a Female Adult

REPORT OF A CASE A 38-year-old woman was seen with a 12-year history of sudden and recurrent swelling of the lips and perioral skin. The edema lasted from days to weeks, generally worsening during the course of the day and sometimes impeding speech. The patient was unaware of any allergies or provoking agents. She was otherwise healthy and was taking no medications. No family member had a similar condition. Physical examination revealed indurated erythematous edema of the lips and face (Fig 1). The tongue was fissured. Results of a neurologic examination and an examination of the gums, teeth, and mucous membranes were normal. The chest roentgenogram was normal, as were the results of laboratory studies, including the complete blood cell count, ESR, liver function tests, and serum electrolytes. A labial biopsy specimen showed a patchy perivascular lymphohistiocytic and plasma cell infiltrate throughout the submucosa (Fig 2) and an occasional epithelioid
Less restrictive trade in textiles and apparel: a position paper

This is a position paper* which advocates textile and apparel trade with fewer restrictions. The paper evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of protectionist legislation for the textile sector; also considered are the position of the consumer, and the economy more broadly. Proposed U.S. textile legislation is evaluated in the context of the current political climate, both nationally and internationally. When all factors are considered, the casts of protectionism may exceed the benefits, perhaps even for the industry.
Acoustic radiation from a circular pipe with an infinite flange

Abstract The reflection of sound from the end of a flanged pipe is solved in a manner simpler than the procedure of Nomura et al. (1960 Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 15 , 510–517). Numerical calculations give the low-frequency end correction length as 0·82159… radii, which is very close to Rayleigh's conjectured value of 0·82 radii. The power gain in the transmitted region is illustrated as a function of angle for frequencies below the first cut-off. The related problem of the acoustic response in a flanged pipe when a plane wave is incident upon the pipe in the axial direction is also discussed. Some approximate formulae are presented for the reflection coefficients of flanged and unflanged pipes.
Design and synthesis of a solid-phase fluorescent mass tag.

In this study, we demonstrate the design of a new solid-phase fluorescent mass tag (FMT) that contains the following features: (1) the FMT is synthesized using Fmoc chemistry which is simple, rapid, and cost-effective; (2) lysine is used as a uniformly labeled amino acid (using stable isotopes) to allow 8 Da difference between “heavy” and “light” tags; (3) a fluorescent molecule is coupled to the isotope tag that allows a tagged peptide to be detected by online fluorescence; and (4) an iodoacetyl reactive group provides cysteine reactivity. Using MALDI-TOF MS and HPLC, we show that the FMT reagent can be used to label standard cysteine-containing peptides as well as cysteine-containing peptides from a BSA tryptic digest.
Management of complications and sequelae with temporary injectable fillers.

Background:Injectable nonpermanent soft-tissue augmentation materials are extremely well-tolerated products that can be used safely in virtually all patients who are candidates for facial augmentation. In this article, the authors review the management of the few common and minor undesirable effects
Probing the Dynamics of Surface-Immobilized Bioreceptors Using Picosecond Time-Resolved Spectroscopy

Abstract Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) is used in concert with the multifrequency phase and modulation (MPM) technique to study in situ the interfacial distribution of surface-immobilized F(ab′) antifluorescein antibodies. Using this new technique we recover information on the surface-immobilized receptor dynamics and demonstrate that this particular immunosurface is composed of an unstable distribution of biodomains. The MPM-TIRF technique adds a new tool to our arsenal for studying the dynamics of biosensor interfaces.
Evolution of prophylaxis: MoAb, siRNA, vaccine, and small molecules.

SUMMARY Despite the considerable impact that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections have in the health of children and adults, the development of therapeutic interventions has been remarkably slow. In the 1980s, advances in the characterisation of neutralising antibodies against RSV led to the development and clinical application of a polyclonal immunoglobulin preparation with high titres of neutralising antibodies against RSV (RSV IVIG). The next step was the development of neutralising monoclonal antibodies. Only palivizumab demonstrated clinical efficacy and was licensed in 1998 by the US FDA, and subsequently by the different world drug regulatory agencies. Motavizumab (MEDI-524) is a novel recombinant humanised IgG1 mAb derived from palivizumab with enhanced anti-RSV neutralising activity. In recent years, in addition to the anti-RSV antibodies, a number of alternative strategies against RSV are being developed. The most innovative approach is the use of siRNAs (small inhibitory RNAs) with specific anti-RSV activity.
Prevalence of T-Wave Inversion Beyond V1 in Young Normal Individuals and Usefulness for the Diagnosis of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/dysplasia

T-wave inversion in precordial leads V 1 to V 3 is present in 2 or V 3 in a young or middle-aged patients who have no apparent heart disease but do have ventricular arrhythmias of left bundle branch morphology should raise the suspicion of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia.
Influence of misfit dislocations on the alignment of epitaxial thin films

Abstract Many epitaxial deposits are elastically strained to fit their substrate lattice. This strain persists until a critical deposit thickness is reached. Thereafter, misfit is shared between dislocations and strain. The formation of misfit dislocations after the critical thickness is reached is often accompanied by a deterioration in the alignment of the deposit. The magnitude of this deterioration depends on several factors, among the most important of which is the misfit itself. This paper describes the dependence of misalignment on misfit in several simple epitaxial systems.
Monte Carlo renormalization group for SU(3) lattice gauge theory

We present the first results for the nonperturbative $\ensuremath{\beta}$ function along the Wilson axis for the SU(3) pure gauge theory using the Monte Carlo renormalization-group method. The results show that there is no asymptotic scaling for the coupling in the fundamental representation ${K}_{F}l6.1$. The renormalized action generated by the $\sqrt{3}$ block transformation is also estimated for use in future calculations.
Uncertainty and social comparison

Abstract Two experimetnal tests were conducted of a model which predicts social comparison choices of extreme scores on a personality inventory. In groups of nine, subjects completed a bogus personality inventory that ostensibly measured a desirable or undesirable trait, and were told that either the highest or the lowest obtained score was a positive instance of the trait. The highest score was located for the subjects either with certainty or uncertainty, and the two experiments employed different manipulations of this factor. In both experiments the pattern of subjects' social comparison choices of other subjects' scores was fit best by a model comprising main effects of each factor and interactions between desirability and positive instance and between desirability and certainty.
Meiotic recombination break points resolve at high rates at the 5' end of a maize coding sequence.

Sequence analysis of recombination break points has defined a 377-bp recombination hot spot within the anthocyanin 1 (a1) gene. One-fifth of all recombination events that occurred within the 140-kb a1-shrunken 2 interval resolved within this 377-bp hot spot. In yeast, meiotic double-strand breaks in chromosomal DNA are thought to initiate recombination and are generally located 59 of coding regions, near transcription promoter sequences. Because the a1 recombination hot spot is located within the 59 transcribed region of the a1 gene, the sites at which recombination events initiate and resolve appear to be different, but both appear to be regulated in relation to transcribed sequences. Although transposon insertions are known to suppress recombination and alter the ratio of crossovers to apparent gene conversions, the Mutator 1 transposon insertion in the a1-mum2 allele does not alter the sites at which recombination events resolve.
Caffeine reduces the initial dip in the visual BOLD response at 3 T.

Localized changes in oxygen consumption related to increased neural activity can result in a small and transient ‘‘initial dip’’ of the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal used in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The initial dip has been of great interest to the fMRI community because it may provide a more accurate and localized measure of neural activity than the conventional BOLD signal increase. Although potentially useful as a technique for human brain mapping, the initial dip is not always detected and has been a source of some controversy. In this study, the BOLD response to a 4-s long visual stimulus was measured with a 3-T MRI system in 5 healthy volunteers both before and immediately after a 200-mg oral caffeine dose. The caffeine dose significantly (P < 0.001) reduced or eliminated the initial dip in all subjects. These findings suggest that caffeine usage may be a key factor in the detection of the initial dip in human fMRI studies.