cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Youth Outcomes Following Implementation of Universal SW-PBIS Strategies in a Texas Secure Juvenile Facility

School-wide positive behavior interventions and supports (SW-PBIS) is a framework for creating safe and effective learning environments and cultivating a positive educational climate. Researchers show that SW-PBIS can improve behavioral outcomes, while demonstrations of a causal relationship between improvements in students' academic achievement and implementation of SW-PBIS remain equivocal. We provide evidence of reductions in behavioral incident reports, improvements in school attendance, and increases in career and technical industry certifications following SW-PBIS implementation in one Texas secure male juvenile correction facility. We argue that these improvements could only be due to SW-PBIS implementation and not alternative explanations (e.g., agency policy/procedure changes, changes in facility or agency leadership, other treatment/rehabilitation programs, validity of measures). We also offer an explanation for these improved gains based on the academic characteristics of incarcerated youth.
Aptitude Tests: Can We Predict Their Future?

Garcia, J. The Logic and Limits of Mental Aptitude Testing.American Psychologist, 1981, 36, 1172–1180. Hargadon, F. Tests and College Admissions.American Psychologist, 1981, 36, 1112–1119.
Choosing the 'best' double couple from a moment-tensor inversion

SUMMARY General moment-tensor solutions contain double couples, compensated linear vector dipoles (CLVD’s) and isotropic sources. Since double-couple solutions are considered to be standard, it is important to find the best double-couple solution that is consistent with the original solution. It is proved that for a number of reasonable measures of fit, the best double couple is the one formed by removing a CLVD source with a magnitude of the intermediate non-zero eigenvalue. It is also shown that mixtures of double couple and CLVD’s may result from near-source changes in
A decomposition property of weak L î

Let be a set of disjointly supported, positive functions in the Banach envelope of weak L 1 . We prove that each f i can be written as e i + g i where e i and g i , are disjointly supported and satisfy these additional properties: the e i 's are isometrically the basis in the envelope norm; the envelope norm of a linear combination of the g i 's is equal to the envelope norm of the corresponding combination of the f i 's .
The Importance of the Boundary

How is it possible to describe any analytic or harmonic function on a compact set in terms of much simpler “construction blocks” like polynomials? Or, how is it possible to know the values of a function inside a compact domain, by knowing only its values on the boundary? Well, these simplifications are possible because the “bricks” are actually organized in complicated and versatile structures. For example the B ∗ algebras. And in addition, the compact domains are certainly among the simples ones, being always reducible to finite reunions. Actually, a complicated structure like a B ∗ algebra, defined by 24 axioms (out of which 13 axioms on commutative algebras, five axioms on norm, one for completeness, and five more specific axioms) can be realized by continuous functions defined on a compact set. It is not the only example. The space l 1 of complex sequences with norm given by the sum of the modules of the terms is isomorphic with the algebra of functions whose Fourier series is absolutely convergent. Also, a compact Hausdorff space, with topology induced by distance, is homeomorphic with a compact subset of [0, 1] N . Any two separable Hilbert spaces are isomorphic, and so on. These similarities bring a unifying point of view: objects of apparently distinct nature, like Weierstrass–Stone theorem on function approximation, Wiener theorem on absolutely convergent Fourier series, spectral expansion of self-adjoint operators, the theorems of Tikhonov, Stone–Cech, or the fixed-point theorem of Brouwer, the Cauchy formula on complex functions, the Green representation theorem, the Poincare Lemma, etc. actually provide the same fundamental truth: simplification by approximation is possible on compacts.
Fatigue, Bronze-Colored Skin, and Skin Ulcerations in a 51-Year-Old Alcoholic Woman

1. What are this patient’s most striking clinical and laboratory findings? 2. How do you explain this patient’s most striking clinical and laboratory findings? 3. What additional test(s) should be ordered on this patient and why? 4. What condition(s) is(are) suggested by this patient’s most striking clinical and laboratory findings? 5. What is this patient’s most likely diagnosis? 6. How is this patient’s condition typically treated?
Time-limited certification

In August 1987 the American Board of Dermatology voted unanimously to issue time-limited certificates to those diplomates certified in 1991 and beyond. This change would apply, therefore, to all trainees beginning their residencies in July 1988 or thereafter, as well as to any candidates who, because they failed an earlier certifying examination, must repeat the examination in 1991. The exact time period for which these new timelimited certificates will be valid has not yet been established, but it is anticipated that it will be from 7 to 10 years. It should be emphasized that this time-limited certification will not apply to diplomates certified prior to 1991. This action by the American Board of Dermatology is consonant with the recommendation of the Joint Committee on Recertification that was adopted at the Committee meeting in December 1986 in New Orleans. The fifteen-member Joint Committee on Recertification was created in 1977 with representation from the American Board of Dermatology, the American Academy of Dermatology, the Advisory Council of the Academy, and the Association of Professors of Dermatology. Until this recent action, The Joint Committee on Recertification has carefully monitored recertification activities of the 23 specialty boards that comprise the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS). The decision to recommend time-limited certification was no doubt prompted in part by the fact that 15 of the 23 member boards now issue, or have plans to issue, time-limited certificates. In addition, one other board has an approved plan for voluntary recertification without instituting timelimited certification. These 16 member boards represent more than 80% of all certified specialists.
Diphtheria toxin-based recombinant murine IL-2 fusion toxin for depleting murine regulatory T cells in vivo

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subpopulation of CD4(+) T cells which suppress immune responses of effector cells and are known to play a very important role in protection against autoimmune disease development, induction of transplantation tolerance and suppression of effective immune response against tumor cells. An effective in vivo Treg depletion agent would facilitate Treg-associated studies across many research areas. In this study, we have developed diphtheria toxin-based monovalent and bivalent murine IL-2 fusion toxins for depleting murine IL-2 receptor positive cells including CD25(+) Treg in vivo. Their potencies were assessed by in vitro protein synthesis inhibition and cell proliferation inhibition assays using a murine CD25(+) CTLL-2 cell line. Surprisingly, in contrast to our previously developed recombinant fusion toxins, the monovalent isoform (DT390-mIL-2) was approximately 4-fold more potent than its bivalent counterpart (DT390-bi-mIL-2). Binding analysis by flow cytometry demonstrated that the monovalent isoform bound stronger than the bivalent version. In vivo Treg depletion with the monovalent murine IL-2 fusion toxin was performed using C57BL/6J (B6) mice. Spleen Treg were significantly depleted with a maximum reduction of ∼70% and detectable as early as 12 h after the last injection. The spleen Treg numbers were reduced until Day 3 and returned to control levels by Day 7. We believe that this monovalent murine IL-2 fusion toxin will be an effective in vivo murine Treg depleter.
Splenium development and early spoken language in human infants.

The association between developmental trajectories of language-related white matter fiber pathways from 6 to 24 months of age and individual differences in language production at 24 months of age was investigated. The splenium of the corpus callosum, a fiber pathway projecting through the posterior hub of the default mode network to occipital visual areas, was examined as well as pathways implicated in language function in the mature brain, including the arcuate fasciculi, uncinate fasciculi, and inferior longitudinal fasciculi. The hypothesis that the development of neural circuitry supporting domaingeneral orienting skills would relate to later language performance was tested in a large sample of typically developing infants. The present study included 77 infants with diffusion weighted MRI scans at 6, 12 and 24 months and language assessment at 24 months. The rate of change in splenium development varied significantly as a function of language production, such that children with greater change in fractional anisotropy (FA) from 6 to 24 months produced more words at 24 months. Contrary to findings from older children and adults, significant associations between language production and FA in the arcuate, uncinate, or left inferior longitudinal fasciculi were not observed. The current study highlights the importance of tracing brain development trajectories from infancy to fully elucidate emerging brain–behavior associations while also emphasizing the role of the splenium as a key node in the structural network that supports the acquisition of spoken language.
Production of Industrial Materials in Transgenic Plants

Millions of tonnes of organic chemicals, or polymeric derivatives, are produced annually from agricultural plants. Genetic engineering methods can be used to modify the chemical composition of the storage compounds in many plant species. This will create opportunities to expand the uses of biomaterials as renewable and environmentally more benign alternatives to some uses of petrochemicals. Many of the most promising opportunities, in this respect, involve relatively minor modifications of the chemical composition of plant oils. The introduction of a single functional group into a fatty acid may create new industrial uses for the fatty acid and, therefore, significantly increase the value of the oil. Because different species of higher plants accumulate at least 210 different kinds of fatty acids, the genetic resources are available to support the production of a wide variety of modifications of agricultural oilseed species by genetic engineering. In addition, a large number of useful modifications may be produced by introducing genes for fatty-acid modifying enzymes, or related aspects of metabolism, from microorganisms.
The effects of family communication on psychosocial adjustment of cancer patients

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between patient‐family communication and psychosocial adjustment to cancer. Cancer patients receiving radiation therapy (n = 102) were interviewed to obtain self‐report data concerning family interactions and psychosocial adjustment. Data analysis revealed that interactions with immediate family members were important in determining effective adjustment. Multiple regression procedures indicated that emotional support was the most important predictor of effective adjustment. Communication satisfaction, frequency of communication, and honesty had a limited effect on adjustment.
Cluster Analysis for Optimal Indexing

High-dimensional indexing is an important area of current research, especially for range and kNN queries. This work introduces clustering for the sake of indexing. The goal is to develop new clustering methods designed to optimize the data partitioning for an indexing-specific tree structure instead of finding data distribution-based clusters. We focus on iDistance, a state-of-the-art high-dimensional indexing method, and take a basic approach to solving this new problem. By utilizing spherical clusters in an unsupervised Expectation Maximization algorithm dependent upon local density and cluster overlap, we create a partitioning of the space providing balanced segmentation for a B+-tree. We also look at the novel idea of reclustering for a specific indexing method by taking the output of one clustering method and reclustering it for use in an index. The algorithms are then tested and evaluated based on our error metric and iDistance query performance.
On unequal error protection raptor codes

Raptor codes are the most advanced fountain codes that can provide dynamically changeable code rate and have linear time encoding and decoding. In multimedia communications and different other areas, it is desired that channel codes can provide the property of unequal error protection (UEP). In this paper, we study two methods to provide UEP Raptor codes on the binary erasure channel (BEC): (1) Using UEP precode (2) Using UEP LT codes. With analysis and thorough simulation we compare the two methods and we conclude that applying UEP in the precode can achieve lower bit erasure rate (BER) for both the more important bits (MIB) and less important bits (LIB).
A Graphical Approach to Prediction of Groundwater Pollutant Movement

Important to any analysis of a potential or actual groundwater pollution problem is the ability to predict when and where any pollutant may interface with the biologic realm. It is also necessary to know the amounts that may appear at an outflow boundary over a period of time. Thus a geography-time distribution and a geography-quantity distribution can assist decision-makers in evaluating and comparing different waste disposal schemes. A graphical procedure based upon flow net analysis coupled with vector analysis permits estimation of pollutant arrival times at an outflow boundary. The procedure also aids in determination of variations of pollutant concentrations across the outflow boundary with time and in space. The technique utilizes contour maps and simple graphs. Intraformational (macroscale) and interformational (megascale) aspects of groundwater pollution can be analyzed with the technique. Examples of applications to which the technique can be applied are potential groundwater contamination from a sanitary landfill leachate, the case of a leaky waste-holding pond, and the pattern of contamination from a leaky underground gasoline storage tank. The technique also can be applied in reconnaissance studies for hazardous waste site evaluation using available hydrogeologic data. Detailed site evaluation can be guided through use of the approach. It can be utilized relatively inexpensively to predict longterm, downstream effects of pollutant leakage from a disposal site.
Abstract A64: Calprotectin suppresses PIWIL1 and tumor growth in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Calprotectin (a heterodimer of S100A8 and S100A9), normally expressed in oral epithelial cells, is down‐regulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Carcinoma cells over‐expressing calprotectin show reduced tumor growth in vivo and in vitro and are morphologically more differentiated than carcinoma cells negative for calprotectin expression. Phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine 10 (Ser10) is a marker for increased cell division, CD24 is expressed on differentiated cells and PIWIL1 plays a role in cellular self‐renewal. Objective: To determine the molecular pathways involved in calprotectin‐associated suppression of tumor growth and self‐renewal. Methods: To study the regulatory function of calprotectin in tumor growth, a non‐calprotectin expressing human epithelial carcinoma cell line (KB) was transfected with either an empty vector (KB‐EGFP) or vector containing S100A8 and S100A9 genes (KB‐S100A8/A9). To study the loss of function, S100A8 and S100A9 expression was silenced in calprotectin‐positive OSCC cell line (TR146) by small interfering RNA. Genome wide analysis of gene regulation was compared between calprotectin‐negative and calprotectin‐positive KB cells using Affymetrix HG‐U133A microarrays and validated by quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR. Changes in protein expression were examined by immunofluorescence flow cytometry. Results: Calprotectin expression in carcinoma cells increases phosphosphorylation of histone H3 (Ser10) correlating with a larger population at the cell cycle checkpoint G2/M and significant reduction in growths in vitro (KB‐S100A8/A9 and TR146) and in vivo (KB‐S100A8/A9). Among the cellular differentiation‐associated molecules, expression of CD24 is significantly up‐regulated, whereas, the expression of self‐renewal factor PIWIL1 is reduced at both mRNA and protein levels when calprotectin is over‐expressed. Conclusion: Calprotectin may play essential roles in suppressing tumor growth by decreasing self‐renewal capability and maintaining cellular differentiation. Loss of calprotectin expression in OSCC may lead to unregulated growth and de‐differentiation. This study was supported by the NIH/NIDCR grant R01DE11831. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):A64.
Fiducial registration with spoiled gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging enhances the accuracy of subthalamic nucleus targeting.

BACKGROUND: A variety of imaging strategies may be used to derive reliable stereotactic coordinates when performing deep brain stimulation lead implants. No single technique has yet proved optimal. OBJECTIVE: To compare the relative accuracy of stereotactic coordinates for the subthalamic nucleus (STN) derived either from fast spin echo/inversion recovery (FSE/IR) magnetic resonance imaging MRI alone (group 1) or FSE/IR in conjunction with T1-weighted spoiled gradient-echo MRI (group 2). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 145 consecutive STN deep brain stimulation lead placements (group 1, n = 72; group 2, n = 73) was performed in 81 Parkinson disease patients by 1 surgical team. From the operative reports, we recorded the number of microelectrode recording trajectories required to localize the desired STN target and the span of STN traversed along the implantation trajectory. In addition, we calculated the 3-dimensional vector difference between the initial MRI-derived coordinates and the final physiologically refined coordinates. RESULTS: The proportion of implants completed with just 1 microelectrode recording trajectory was greater (81% vs 58%; P < .001) and the 3-dimensional vector difference between the anatomically selected target and the microelectrode recording-refined target was smaller (0.6 ± 1.2 vs 0.9 ± 1.3; P = .04) in group 2 than in group 1. At the same time, the mean expanse of STN recorded along the implantation trajectory was 8% greater in group 2 (4.8 ± 0.6 vs 5.2 ± 0.6 mm; P < .001). CONCLUSION: A combination of stereotactic FSE/IR and spoiled gradient-echo MRI yields more accurate coordinates for the STN than FSE/IR MRI alone.
Continuing problems of artificial insemination.

Although artificial insemination now presents relatively few technical difficulties, insemination performed with donor sperm (A.I.D.) has raised complex legal, moral and emotional problems. No laws exist pertaining specifically to A.I.D. Courts have handed down conflicting opinions concerning the status of A.I.D. participants and their issue. Some have argued A.I.D. is equivalent to adultery. Husbands and wives must resolve conflicts about an A.I.D. child before they qualify for therapy. Donors must be carefully selected. For the physician, the actual process of A.I.D. may be the least difficult part of the procedure.
Experimental Combustion Dynamics Behavior of a Multi-Element Lean Direct Injection (LDI) Gas Turbine Combustor

An experimental investigation of the combustion dynamic characteristics of a research multi-element lean direct injection (LDI) combustor under simulated gas turbine conditions was conducted. The objective was to gain a better understanding of the physical phenomena inside a pressurized flametube combustion chamber under acoustically isolated conditions. A nine-point swirl venturi lean direct injection (SV-LDI) geometry was evaluated at inlet pressures up to 2,413 kPa and non-vitiated air temperatures up to 867 K. The equivalence ratio was varied to obtain adiabatic flame temperatures between 1388 K and 1905 K. Dynamic pressure measurements were taken upstream of the SV-LDI, in the combustion zone and downstream of the exit nozzle. The measurements showed that combustion dynamics were fairly small when the fuel was distributed uniformly and mostly due to fluid dynamics effects. Dynamic pressure fluctuations larger than 40 kPa at low frequencies were measured at 653 K inlet temperature and 1117 kPa inlet pressure when fuel was shifted and the pilot fuel injector equivalence ratio was increased to 0.72.
A New Statistical Model of Electroencephalogram Noise Spectra for Real-Time Brain–Computer Interfaces

Objective: A characteristic of neurological signal processing is high levels of noise from subcellular ion channels up to whole-brain processes. In this paper, we propose a new model of electroencephalogram (EEG) background periodograms, based on a family of functions which we call generalized van der Ziel–McWhorter (GVZM) power spectral densities (PSDs). To the best of our knowledge, the GVZM PSD function is the only EEG noise model that has relatively few parameters, matches recorded EEG PSD's with high accuracy from 0 to over 30 Hz, and has approximately $1/f^\theta$ behavior in the midfrequencies without infinities. Methods: We validate this model using three approaches. First, we show how GVZM PSDs can arise in a population of ion channels at maximum entropy equilibrium. Second, we present a class of mixed autoregressive models, which simulate brain background noise and whose periodograms are asymptotic to the GVZM PSD. Third, we present two real-time estimation algorithms for steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) frequencies, and analyze their performance statistically. Results: In pairwise comparisons, the GVZM-based algorithms showed statistically significant accuracy improvement over two well-known and widely used SSVEP estimators. Conclusion: The GVZM noise model can be a useful and reliable technique for EEG signal processing. Significance: Understanding EEG noise is essential for EEG-based neurology and applications such as real-time brain–computer interfaces, which must make accurate control decisions from very short data epochs. The GVZM approach represents a successful new paradigm for understanding and managing this neurological noise.
A Control Variate Method for Probabilistic Performance Assessment. Improved Estimates for Mean Performance Quantities of Interest

We present a method of control variates for calculating improved estimates for mean performance quantities of interest, E(PQI) , computed from Monte Carlo probabilistic simulations. An example of a PQI is the concentration of a contaminant at a particular location in a problem domain computed from simulations of transport in porous media. To simplify the presentation, the method is described in the setting of a one- dimensional elliptical model problem involving a single uncertain parameter represented by a probability distribution. The approach can be easily implemented for more complex problems involving multiple uncertain parameters and in particular for application to probabilistic performance assessment of deep geologic nuclear waste repository systems. Numerical results indicate the method can produce estimates of E(PQI)having superior accuracy on coarser meshes and reduce the required number of simulations needed to achieve an acceptable estimate.
Resistance training interventions across the cancer control continuum: a systematic review of the implementation of resistance training principles

Objectives The primary purpose of this systematic review is to examine the extant resistance training (RT) cancer research to evaluate the proportion of RT interventions that: (1) implemented key RT training principles (specificity, progression, overload) and (2) explicitly reported relevant RT prescription components (frequency, intensity, sets, reps). Design A qualitative systematic review was performed by two reviewers (CMF and PNH) who inspected the titles and abstracts to determine eligibility for this systematic review. Identified papers were obtained in full and further reviewed. Data were extracted to evaluate the application of principles of training, along with specific RT components. Data sources Electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane, PEDro, PsychInfo, Cancer Lit, Sport Discus, AMED, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and reference lists of included articles from inception to May 2016. Results 37 studies were included. The principle of specificity was used appropriately in all of the studies, progression in 65% and overload in 76% of the studies. The most common exercise prescription (∼50%) implemented in the studies included in this review were 2–3 days/week, focusing on large muscle groups, 60–70% 1 repetition maximum (RM), 1–3 sets of 8–12 repetitions. Conclusions Reporting of RT principles in an oncology setting varies greatly, with often vague or non-existent references to the principles of training and how the RT prescription was designed.
‘People Can’t Believe We exist!’: Social Sustainability and Alternative Nonprofit Organizing:

Nonprofit organizational sustainability is increasingly framed in terms of fiscal expediency. This framing of sustainability has led nonprofit organizations to increasingly adopt for-profit innovat...
Angle-resolved RABBITT: theory and numerics

Angle-resolved (AR) RABBITT measurements offer a high information content measurement scheme, due to the presence of multiple, interfering, ionization channels combined with a phase-sensitive observable in the form of angle and time-resolved photoelectron interferograms. In order to explore the characteristics and potentials of AR-RABBITT, a perturbative 2-photon model is developed; based on this model, example AR-RABBITT results are computed for model and real systems, for a range of RABBITT schemes. These results indicate some of the phenomena to be expected in AR-RABBITT measurements, and suggest various applications of the technique in photoionization metrology.
The extended, transnasal, transsphenoidal approach for anterior skull base meningioma: considerations in patient selection

In this study, we set out to define our institutional criteria for patient eligibility for transsphenoidal resection of parasellar meningiomas, and to report our experience with extended transnasal approaches for these lesions. We aimed to discuss the important considerations of patient selection and risk stratification to optimize outcomes for patients with these difficult lesions, and also include considerations that should be reviewed during surgical approach selection. Medical records from Brigham and Women’s Hospital were retrospectively reviewed for all patients who underwent transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary disease with the senior author from April 2008 to March 2017 (938 procedures). Patients undergoing surgery for anterior skull base meningioma were identified and patient data were collected. Seven patients (four women, three men) underwent transsphenoidal resection (five endoscopic, one microscopic, and one hybrid endoscopic/microscopic) of pathologically-confirmed anterior skull base meningiomas during the study period. Five patients presented with visual field deficits, three presented with headache, two presented with hypopituitarism, and one woman presented with infertility. The median maximum tumor diameter was 1.7 cm (range 1.4–4.2 cm). Six patients underwent subtotal resection, and one underwent gross total resection. The median MIB-1 index was 2.3 (range 1.0–7.6). Complications included two readmissions (one on POD11 for small bowel obstruction, one on POD48 for epistaxis), and the development of new onset thyroid deficiency and transient diabetes insipidus in one patient. Two patients had reoperations by craniotomy for tumor recurrence after 5 and 6 years, respectively. Although more commonly treated transcranially, anterior skull base meningiomas are sometimes amenable to resection transphenoidally. Patient selection is critical, and multiple factors, including tumor size, consistency, and location, patient and surgeon preference, and presenting symptoms each affect the optimum surgical approach. We have developed criteria for patient selection so that transsphenoidal surgery can be used to resect or debulk anterior skull base meningiomas safely and with favorable outcomes.
CARDIAC AMYLOIDOSIS REQUIRES SUFFICIENT SUSPICION IN THE SETTING OF PRIOR HEART DISEASE

Cardiac amyloidosis is an infiltrative cardiomyopathy with well described classic findings. Without sufficient clinical suspicion, atypical cases confounded by a background of prior cardiovascular disease will elude detection and treatment. An 84 year-old man presented with dyspnea. Prior history
A Yeast Three Hybrid Assay for Metabolic Engineering of Tetracycline Derivatives.

Metabolic engineering stands to transform the discovery and production of a wide range of chemicals, but metabolic engineering currently demands considerable resource investments that restrict commercial application. To facilitate the applicability of metabolic engineering, general high-throughput and readily implemented technologies are needed to assay vast libraries of strains producing desirable chemicals. Toward this end, we describe here the development of a yeast three hybrid (Y3H) assay as a general, high-throughput, versatile and readily implemented approach for the detection of target molecule biosynthesis. Our system detects target molecule biosynthesis through a change in reporter gene transcription that results from the binding of the target molecule to a modular protein receptor. We demonstrate the use of the Y3H assay for detecting the biosynthesis of tetracyclines, a major class of antibiotics, based on the interaction between tetracyclines and the tetracycline repressor protein (TetR). Var...
Structural Chemistry Using NMR Spectroscopy, Organic Molecules

The NMR spectroscopic approaches that can be used to determine molecular structural information for small organic molecules are described. These comprise a suite of 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional NMR experiments. Some illustrative examples are given.
Heat Transfer in Polymer Systems

The transfer of heat is an important aspect of every polymer processing operation. In fact, without heat transfer, the shaping and forming of polymers would not be possible.
Effects of combined environmental exposures and axial load on CFFT

Abstract Concrete-filled fiber-reinforced polymer tube (CFFT) columns have demonstrated superior advantages on mechanical behavior and ease of construction during the past few decades. The fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) tube not only improves the mechanical properties of the concrete core by confinement, but also provides a protection layer for the concrete against the outer corrosive environment. However, one obstacle hindering the greater acceptance of the FRP composite as a conventional construction material in civil engineering applications is the susceptibility of FRP to complex, severe environmental exposure. The purpose of this study is to investigate the durability of CFFT cylinders with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) tubes under exposure to combined freeze/thaw, heating/cooling, and wet/dry cycles. The effects of combined sustained load and environmental conditions were also investigated during this study. Compression and hoop tensile tests were carried out on both conditioned and controlled specimens. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential-scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests were used to characterize the aging effect on physical and thermal properties of FRP material. Test results showed that more pronounced degradation occurred on the ultimate strain than on the ultimate strength. The sustained load had a negative effect on CFFT cylinders by creating more microcracks in the GFRP tube.
Abstract P361: Body Image Dissatisfaction Influences Cardiovascular Health in Overweight and Obese African American Women

Introduction: African American women are 5 times less likely than white women to meet at least 5 or more ideal cardiovascular health metrics as defined by the American Heart Association Life’s Simp...
A web-based review game as a measure of overall course knowledge in pharmacotherapeutics

Abstract Background and purpose Implementation of games is common in pharmacy education, but limited information exists about the relationship between students' game performances and course grades. Our study was designed to determine if scores on a comprehensive web-based review game correlate to overall pharmacotherapeutics course and course series grades. Educational activity and setting Two cohorts of students in Pharmacotherapeutics IV, the last course in a four course series, were administered a web-based quiz review game (Kahoot!) at the end of the course. Student performance on the game was compared to grades throughout the Pharmacotherapeutics course sequence to determine if the games were reflective of the students' performances. All students enrolled in Pharmacotherapeutics IV in 2016 and 2017 were included in the analysis. Pearson correlation was performed on the scores from the review game compared to the grades in the pharmacotherapeutics course series. Findings A total of 197 students, 111 in the 2016 cohort and 86 in the 2017 cohort, were included in the analysis. The correlation coefficient (r) for the review scores and Pharmacotherapeutics IV course grade was 0.399 and 0.461 for the 2 cohorts (p Summary Student performance on the review game significantly correlated with pharmacotherapeutics course grades. Review games are fun tools to review course content and can serve as an effective method to determine student understanding, progression, and knowledge.
Clinical implications of genetic aberrations in metastatic prostate cancer.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The utility of tumor genetic testing in metastatic prostate cancer is rapidly evolving - especially in respect to finding prognostic and predictive biomarkers. In this review, we describe genomic aberrations in clinically relevant pathways in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) for which therapeutic targeting is possible. RECENT FINDINGS Recognizing the diverse array of genetic features within prostate cancer, the goal of testing in mCRPC is to match an individual patients' tumor with the best therapy. Approximately 20-25% of mCRPC patients have defects in DNA repair, which may be exploited with poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors, platinum-based chemotherapy, and/or immunotherapy. Choosing between the second-generation androgen inhibitors and chemotherapy may be informed through testing for androgen receptor splice variants or androgen receptor amplifications, but technology and outcomes are still being clarified. Genetic testing for mismatch repair deficiency (1% of mCRPC patients) is a standard of care, but may be expanded as other subpopulations that could respond to immunotherapy are found. SUMMARY The era of precision medicine for prostate cancer is here, but is being refined. Further studies with newer technology and standardized analytical platforms are needed and must be matched with improvement in clinical care infrastructure.
How short is long enough? Modeling temporal aspects of human mobility behavior using mobile phone data

Time–location data collected from location-sensing technologies have the potential to advance our understanding of human mobility. Existing human activity studies tend to ignore a critical issue in...
Mental Effects of Excess Parathyroid Hormone in Hemodialysis Patients: A Possible Role for Parathyroid 2 Hormone Receptor?

Depression as measured by the kidney disease quality of life (KDQOL) form is known to be an independent risk factor for mortality dialysis patients. Excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) has long been associated with neuropsychiatric disturbances. Those psychiatric complications are currently attributed to hypercalcemia with very little evidence; however, with the discovery of the parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (PTH2R) in the brain which can be activated by PTH, PTH2R might indicate a direct effect of PTH. As secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism is common in dialysis patients where the serum calcium is low or normal, we chose to investigate a possible relationship between PTH levels and depression in dialysis patients. This was a matched pair observational study with 10 patients with intact PTH values above 1000 pg/mL who were matched with 10 patients who had PTH values less than 400 pg/mL for the presence of diabetes, years on dialysis, duration of dialysis time, Kt/V, hemoglobin, and 25 OH vitamin D levels, as well as intravenous iron and erythropoietin administration. The Kidney Disease Quality of Life questionnaire (KDQOL-36) scores and patient Health Questionnaire scores were analyzed during that time. All variables underwent tests for normality and matched pair t-test. All subscales of the KDQOL-36 were worse in the high PTH group with the effect on daily life reaching P = 0.01 and the burden of disease and symptoms both reaching P = 0.02. PTH and PTH2R may be appropriate targets for investigations to improve the quality of life in hemodialysis patients.
An overview of the use of oxytocin measures in leisure studies

For family leisure scholars, the growing understanding of neurobiological mechanisms in human behavior, emotions, and relationships offer new avenues for understanding the impact of family activiti...
Absence of images of skin of colour in publications of COVID-19 skin manifestations.

There are now over 1 million confirmed cases of COVID‐19 globally with more than 270,000 recorded deaths to date. COVID‐19 has been shown to disproportionately impact people of colour both in the United Kingdom and in the United States where blacks make up 13.4% of the population but 30% of COVID‐19 cases. Mounting evidence shows that COVID‐19 impacts several organ systems, including the skin.
AD8 patient–informant discrepancy predicts insight and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease

Abstract This study aimed to improve understanding of insight among individuals with Alzheimer's disease using patient and informant ratings of impairment on the AD8. Retrospective cohort data were used from 540 patients with a mean age of 81.1 (SD = 6.57). Informant AD8s were inversely related to patients’ Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores (r = -.20, p
Well-Being without a Roof: Examining Well-Being among Unhoused Individuals Using Mixed Methods and Propensity Score Matching

The morbidity and mortality experiences of people who are unhoused have been well-described, but much less is known about the overall well-being of these individuals. In this mixed methods study, housed and unhoused participants completed a multi-faceted 10 domain measure of well-being (the Stanford WELL Survey), and a subset of unhoused participants shared their experiences during qualitative interviews. Using propensity score matching, unhoused participants (n = 51) were matched at a ratio of 1:5 with housed participants (n = 255). The mean overall well-being score of the unhoused participants was significantly lower than that of the matched housed participants (B = -5.022, p = 0.013). Additionally, the two groups differed on some of the constituent domains of well-being, with unhoused participants reporting statistically significantly lower mean scores on social connectedness (B = -1.086, p = 0.000), lifestyle and daily practices (B = -1.219, p = 0.000), stress and resilience (B = -0.493, p = 0.023), experience of emotions (B = -0.632, p = 0.009), physical health (B = -0.944, p = 0.0001), and finances (B = -3.099, p = 0.000). The unhoused participants had a statistically significantly higher mean score for spirituality and religiosity (B = 2.401, p = 0.000) than their matched housed counterparts. The qualitative interviews further highlighted spirituality and religion as a coping mechanism for the unhoused. The results of this study highlight both unexpected strengths exhibited by the unhoused individuals and areas of challenge.
Association of Medication Access Difficulty and COVID-19-Related Distress With Disease Flares in Rheumatology Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective Due to concerns of infection and medication disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic, rheumatology patients at the pandemic epicenter were at risk of distress and poor health outcomes. We sought to investigate medication disruptions and COVID-related distress shortly after the peak of the pandemic in the Bronx, NY, and determine whether factors related to the pandemic were associated with flares, disease activity, and overall health. Methods We surveyed adult patients and parents of pediatric patients from rheumatology clinics in the Bronx, in the month following the epidemic peak regarding medication access, medication interruptions, COVID-19 infection, COVID-19 hospitalization, and COVID-related distress. We examined which factors associated with patient-reported flares, disease activity, and overall health scores in regression models accounting for socio-demographics and rheumatologic disease type. Results Of 1,692 patients and parents contacted, 361 (21%) responded; 16% reported medication access difficulty, 14% medication interruptions, and 41% flare. In a multivariable logistic regression model, medication access difficulty was associated with increased odds of flare (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.5-10.4, p=0.005), as was high COVID-related distress (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.6, p=0.01). In multivariable linear regression models, medication access difficulty and high distress were associated with worse disease activity scores and high distress was associated with worse health scores. Conclusion Medication access difficulties and flares were common among rheumatology patients from the Bronx, NY in the month following the epidemic peak. Medication access difficulty and COVID-related distress were highly associated with flare and disease activity. COVID-related distress was associated with overall health scores.
A rare case of Holmes tremor in a worker with occupational carbon monoxide poisoning.

Parkinsonism and encephalopathy are frequently seen in patients who survive carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Neurological findings associated with CO poisoning can emerge immediately after cessation of exposure or following a brief period of pseudo-recovery. When present, the tremor associated with CO poisoning is typical of the postural/intention type. Here, we report on a rare case of toxic encephalopathy with a dominant-hand Holmes-type tremor, characterized by resting, as well as postural and kinetic/intentional components, in a previously healthy 53-year-old man exposed to CO while actively engaged in the process of performing a physically demanding skilled labor task. The unique neuropathological and functional changes that give rise to Holmes-type tremor and how this relates to the selective vulnerability of the inhibitory indirect pathway of the basal ganglia to glutamatergic excitotoxicity mediated by tissue hypoxia are discussed.
Testing and evaluation of web bearing capacity of corroded steel bridge girders

Abstract Aging bridges have become an important issue in the United States. One of the most dominant forms of deterioration for steel bridges is corrosion, which is typically due to moisture exposure and water leakage through deck joints. In cold regions, frequent use of deicing chemicals during the winter season further contributes to the corrosion process. Over the years, corrosion can become serious enough to disconnect the girder’s web from its flanges. This excessive rust accumulation and metal area loss pose significant concerns for the reduction of the structural capacity of a girder, especially at its ends. In this paper, new corroded sample preparation and testing procedures were developed and implemented to study the residual web bearing capacity of corroded steel beam specimens in the lab. The laboratory testing results were used to extend the study to evaluate the residual web bearing capacity of corroded steel bridge girders. Corroded steel beam specimens were approximated in two forms in laboratory testing. In the first form, web thinning was achieved by prolonged submersion in bleach solution, to develop surface corrosion and section loss. In the second form, web holes were cut out of specimens with a plasma torch. Loading tests were performed on scaled steel beam specimens to investigate the consequent reduction in web bearing capacity due to web thinning and web area losses. The reaction at girder ends was simulated by a compression force exerted on the top flange of the steel beam specimens through a loading plate of the Material Testing System. The residual strengths of the steel beam specimens, varying in levels of corrosion, were analyzed and compared with the 3-D finite element modeling results. A quantitative relationship between corrosion condition and residual web bearing strength of I-plate steel girders is developed based on the laboratory testing and numerical modeling results. The findings in this study align with the observations from the real-world bridge practice. The proposed table of web bearing strength reduction factors can be used as a reference for evaluating residual web bearing capacity of corroded steel girders in bridge loading rating.
The Political Economy of Public Pensions

Public pensions in the United States face an impending funding crisis in the wake of the financial crisis and the COVID-19 recession. Many cities and states will struggle to meet these growing obligations without major cuts in government services, reneging on pension promises, or raising taxes. This Element examines the development of the pension crisis through the lens of political economy. We analyze the knowledge and incentive problems inherent in the institutional structure, governance, and accounting of public pensions. We conclude by offering several institutional, governance, and reporting reforms to address the pension funding crisis.
Character and Moral Judgment: Neo-Kohlbergian and Neo-Aristotelian Virtue Ethics Perspectives:

This article identifies theoretical and practical resources for practitioners and researchers working toward cultivating character and moral judgment in youth. In doing this, the article draws on a...