cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association of oral health with lung cancer risk in a low-income population of African Americans and European Americans in the Southeastern United States.

Abstract Objectives Previous studies have suggested that poor oral health might increase the risk of lung cancer among European- and Asian- descendants. The association has not been investigated among African Americans or socially disadvantaged populations. In this nested case-control study, we investigated whether oral health was associated with lung cancer risk among a low-income population of African Americans and European Americans in the Southeastern United States. Materials and methods A total of 403 incident lung cancer cases and 1612 matched controls from the Southern Community Cohort Study were included. Multivariate conditional logistic regression models were fitted to evaluate the risk of lung cancer linked to tooth loss, tooth decay, and history of periodontal disease. Results Tooth loss was significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer: the odds ratio (OR) of more than 10 teeth lost was 1.64 (95% CI: 1.00, 2.69). Tooth decay was also significantly associated with increased lung cancer risk; those with ≥ 6 decaying teeth had an OR of 1.65 (1.18, 2.31). An increased lung cancer risk was significantly associated with a history of periodontal disease among African Americans (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.31) and heavy smokers (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.38, 3.05). Conclusion Poor oral health is associated with increased lung cancer risk, and this association appears to vary by race and smoking behavior among a low-income population of African Americans and European Americans in the Southeastern United States.
Experience of surgeon, hospital, and comprehensive cancer team critical to the outcomes of radical cystectomy and urinary diversion

Though radical cystectomy is considered gold standard for muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder, the operation is fraught with significant perioperative morbidity with a complication rate ranging from 34% to 52% (1,2). Given the nature/biology of the disease, operative time, hospital stay and complication profile, UC is costly from a health services perspective (3). Mossanen et al. investigated the rate and incidence of complications and its effect on perioperative mortality utilizing the Premier Healthcare Database.
ESRA19-0222 Eclampsia: atypical presentation

Background and aims Preeclampsia, eclampsia, and HELP syndrome are disorders associated with substantial maternal and perinatal morbidity. Atypical cases develop at 48 hours after delivery, also those that have some of the signs and symptoms without the usual hypertension or proteinuria are considered atypical, in rare cases eclampsia could be the sole sign. Methods A healthy 35-year-old female, G2 P1001, with no significant history, presented for an elective cesarean section due to placenta previa. Spinal anesthetic was planned using 1.4 ml of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.75%; fentanyl 15mcg and preservative free morphine 300 mcg were added to the mixture. After the block was performed standard monitors were applied and the patient was prepared to undergo surgery, fetal heart rate was 146 beats per minute. Moments after the anesthetic placement the patient complained of having the ‘worst headache of her life,’ and immediately developed a generalized tonic clonic seizure, blood pressure was noted to be 180/126 mmHg, the surgeon was alerted and general anesthesia was rapidly induced, the cesarean section took place and the delivery of the fetus was uncomplicated. At the end of the surgery the patient was extubated, physical exam was normal. Results Brain MRI showed ‘findings suggestive of eclampsia or PRES.’ Conclusions Patient‘s history, physical examination, laboratory and imaging studies may be critical in not missing atypical forms, a management plan should be started immediately and no time consumed searching for a rare disease in a differential diagnosis; we should create awareness of atypical presentation of the disease.
Ex vivo immunological evaluation of stable mixed chimeric patients after matched related donor allogeneic transplantation in sickle cell disease.

Abstract Background aims Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is curative for sickle cell disease, and the use of matched related donors, non-myeloablative conditioning and sirolimus immunosuppression results in stable mixed chimerism without graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). However, the time to terminate sirolimus while maintaining mixed chimerism is unclear. Methods In this study, we developed a two-way mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) to evaluate ex vivo immunoreaction in mixed chimeric patients. Results In co-culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from two healthy controls (without irradiation), we detected proliferation at various ratios of PBMC mixtures (1:9 to 9:1) as well as various concentrations of sirolimus, suggesting that two-way MLR is applicable to patients (having >10% chimerism) undergoing sirolimus treatment. In two-way MLR using PBMCs (including donor and recipient cells) from mixed chimeric patients (n = 28), greater ex vivo proliferation was observed 6 months post-transplant and healthy control PBMC monoculture. Robust ex vivo proliferation was observed in a patient with acute GVHD, and persistent ex vivo proliferation (until 2 years) was observed in a patient with decreasing donor chimerism. Conclusions In summary, we demonstrated that in two-way MLR, ex vivo immunoreaction decreases to low levels ~6 months post-transplant. These findings suggest a rationale to continue immunosuppression for 6 months.
Using the Post-Descendens Hypoglossal Nerve in Hypoglossal-Facial Anastomosis: An Anatomic and Histologic Feasibility Study.

Background Hypoglossal-facial anastomosis (HFA) is a popular facial reanimation technique. Mobilizing the intratemporal segment of the facial nerve and using the post-descendens hypoglossal nerve (ie, the segment distal to the take-off of descendens hypoglossi) have been proposed to improve results. However, no anatomic study has verified the feasibility of this technique. Objective To assess the anatomic feasibility of HFA and the structural compatibility between the 2 nerves when the intratemporal facial and post-descendens hypoglossal nerves are used. Methods The facial and hypoglossal nerves were exposed bilaterally in 10 sides of 5 cadaveric heads. The feasibility of a side-to-end (ie, partial end-to-end) HFA with partial sectioning of the post-descendens hypoglossal nerve and the mobilized intratemporal facial nerve was assessed. The axonal count and cross-sectional area of the facial and hypoglossal nerves at the point of anastomosis were assessed. Results The HFA was feasible in all specimens with a mean (standard deviation) 9.3 (5.5) mm of extra length on the facial nerve. The axonal counts and cross-sectional areas of the hypoglossal and facial nerves matched well. Considering the reduction in the facial nerve cross-sectional area after paralysis, the post-descendens hypoglossal nerve can provide adequate axonal count and area to accommodate the facial nerve stump. Conclusion Using the post-descendens hypoglossal nerve for side-to-end anastomosis with the mobilized intratemporal facial nerve is anatomically feasible and provides adequate axonal count for facial reanimation. When compared with use of the pre-descendens hypoglossal nerve, this technique preserves C1 fibers and has a potential to reduce glottic complications.
Frequency and Outcomes of Elevated Perioperative Lactate Levels in Adult Congenital Heart Disease Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Objectives To assess whether lactate levels are associated with clinical outcomes in adult congenital heart disease patients who undergo cardiac surgery. Design Retrospective study. Setting Single quaternary academic referral center. Participants Adult congenital heart disease patients (≥18 y old) with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Interventions Participants were classified into 3 groups according to their peak arterial lactate level within the first 48 hours of surgery. Measurements and Main Results In-hospital 30-day mortality, hospital and intensive care unit length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation after surgery, acute kidney injury defined by Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria, and intensive care unit and hospital readmission within 30 days of surgery were examined. There was no significant difference among different lactate level groups in acute kidney injury, hospital length of stay, intensive care unit length of stay, hours of mechanical ventilation, need for redo surgery, or rates of hospital or intensive care unit readmission. In multivariable analysis, which included cardiopulmonary bypass time, redo surgery, nonelective case, and the adult congenital heart disease complexity score, lactate levels were not a significant predictor of either acute kidney injury or hospital length of stay. Conclusions The appeal of using lactate levels to risk stratify-patients or to develop a model to predict mortality and morbidity has potential merit, but currently there is insufficient evidence to use lactate levels as a predictor of outcomes in adult patients with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery.
Resident alveolar macrophage‐derived vesicular SOCS3 dampens allergic airway inflammation

Resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) suppress allergic inflammation in murine asthma models. Previously we reported that resident AMs can blunt inflammatory signaling in alveolar epithelial cells (ECs) by transcellular delivery of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) within extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here we examined the role of vesicular SOCS3 secretion as a mechanism by which AMs restrain allergic inflammatory responses in airway ECs. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of SOCS3 were reduced in asthmatics and in allergen-challenged mice. Ex vivo SOCS3 secretion was reduced in AMs from challenged mice and this defect was mimicked by exposing normal AMs to cytokines associated with allergic inflammation. Both AM-derived EVs and synthetic SOCS3 liposomes inhibited the activation of STAT3 and STAT6 as well as cytokine gene expression in ECs challenged with IL-4/IL-13 and house dust mite (HDM) extract. This suppressive effect of EVs was lost when they were obtained from AMs exposed to allergic inflammation-associated cytokines. Finally, inflammatory cell recruitment and cytokine generation in the lungs of OVA-challenged mice were attenuated by intrapulmonary pretreatment with SOCS3 liposomes. Overall, AM secretion of SOCS3 within EVs serves as a brake on airway EC responses during allergic inflammation, but is impaired in asthma. Synthetic liposomes encapsulating SOCS3 can rescue this defect and may serve as a framework for novel therapeutic approaches targeting airway inflammation.
The effect of concurrent reward on aversive information processing in the brain.

Abstract Neural networks for the processing of appetitive and aversive information, in isolation, have been well characterized. However, how the brain integrates competing signals associated with simultaneous appetitive and aversive information is less clear. In particular, it is unknown how the presence of concurrent reward modulates the processing of an aversive event throughout the brain. Here, we utilized a four-armed bandit task in an fMRI study to measure the representation of an aversive electric shock with and without the simultaneous receipt of monetary reward. Using a region of interest (ROI) approach, we first identified regions activated by the experience of aversive electric shock, and then measured how this shock-related activation is modulated by concurrent reward using independent data. Informed by prior literature and our own preliminary data, analyses focused on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior and posterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and the thalamus and somatosensory cortex. We hypothesized that the neural response to punishment in these ROIs would be attenuated by the presence of concurrent reward. However, we found no evidence of concurrent reward attenuating the neural response to punishment in any ROI and also no evidence of concurrent punishment attenuating the neural response to reward in exploratory analyses. Altogether, our findings are consistent with the idea that neural networks responsible for the processing of reward and punishment signals are largely independent of one another, and that representations of overall value or utility are arrived at through the integration of separate reward and punishment signals at later stages of information processing.
Alternative Data in FinTech and Business Intelligence

Cong, Li, and Zhang introduce recent research in economics and business-related fields utilizing data from unconventional sources or of unstructured nature. Highlighting unifying themes of such big data and the methodologies for analyzing them at scale, this chapter elaborates the applications of (i) textual analysis in corporate finance, investment, and macroeconomic forecasts, (ii) image processing in financial markets and governance, (iii) digital footprints from social media and mobile devices, and (iv) emerging data from the Internet of Things. The authors also discuss promising directions of using alternative or unstructured data for both academics and practitioners.
Present Use of Hallucinogens

ABSTRACT The use of hallucinogens in the United States has remained relatively constant at a modest level for the past several years. Patterns of use have shifted, with a decline in the use of lysergide (LSD) and other hallucinogens accompanied by a rise in the use of phencyclidine (PCP). The major source of PCP is from illicit manufacture, as the drug has no current human use and its veterinary use is limited. PCP differs from other hallucinogens in its spectrum of clinical manifestations, which are believed by some to resemble more closely those of schizophrenia. It is unique among hallucinogens in being self-administered by animals and in being directly lethal, from convulsions, hypertension, and respiratory depression. Overdoses may be treated by usual supportive measures as well as by continual gastric suction and acidification of the urine. It is impossible to tell how long PCP will remain the current fad hallucinogen.
Recognizing odontogenic sinusitis: A national survey of otolaryngology chief residents

Abstract Purpose Odontogenic sinusitis is underrepresented in sinusitis literature as well as in the otolaryngology teaching curriculum sponsored by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Otolaryngologists and residents in training may therefore have a decreased awareness of the condition. The objective of this study was to survey otolaryngology chief residents toward the ends of their training to determine how often they considered odontogenic sinusitis as a cause of unilateral sinus disease. Materials and methods An online REDCap survey was conducted from December 2018 to January 2019. Online surveys were emailed to 119 Otolaryngology residency program directors in the United States of America, which were then forwarded to their chief residents. Surveys included 3 demographic and 4 clinical questions. Clinical questions included 3 computed tomography-based questions requiring either differential diagnoses or most likely diagnosis, and 1 question on residents' perceived prevalence of odontogenic sinusitis as a cause of unilateral sinus opacification. Answer choices were tabulated and compared based on geographic region and post-residency career plans. Results Of 293 chief residents emailed, 94 completed the survey (32.1%). While answer choices on imaging-based questions varied, odontogenic sinusitis was generally underrecognized. Approximately 70% of residents felt odontogenic sinusitis represented 0%–40% of unilateral sinus opacification. There were no statistically significant differences in answers based on geographic distribution or post-residency career plans. Conclusions Otolaryngology chief residents recognized odontogenic sinusitis with variable accuracy on imaging, and generally underestimated its prevalence as a cause of unilateral sinus opacification. Efforts should be made to teach otolaryngology residents about odontogenic sinusitis.
PathDSP: Explainable Drug Sensitivity Prediction through Cancer Pathway Enrichment

Computational approaches to predict drug sensitivity can promote precision anticancer therapeutics. Generalizable and explainable models are of critical importance for translation to guide personalized treatment and are often overlooked in favor of prediction performance. Here, we propose a pathway-based model for drug sensitivity prediction that integrates chemical structure information with enrichment of cancer signaling pathways across drug-associated genes, gene expression, mutation and copy number variation data to predict drug response on the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) dataset. Using a deep neural network, we outperforming state-of-the-art deep learning models, while demonstrating good generalizability a separate dataset of the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) as well as provide explainable results, demonstrated through case studies that are in line with current knowledge. Additionally, our pathway-based model achieved a good performance when predicting unseen drugs and cells, with potential utility for drug development and for guiding individualized medicine.
An Emergent Network for the Diffusion of Innovations Among Local Health Departments at the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

INTRODUCTION: Communication networks among professionals can be pathways for accelerating the diffusion of innovations if some local health departments (LHDs) drive the spread of knowledge. Such a network could prove valuable during public health emergencies such as the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Our objective was to determine whether LHDs in the United States were tied together in an informal network to share information and advice about innovative community health practices, programs, and policies. METHODS: In January and February 2020, we conducted an online survey of 2,303 senior LHD leaders to ask several questions about their sources of advice. We asked respondents to rank up to 3 other LHDs whose practices informed their work on new public health programs, evidence-based practices, and policies intended to improve community health. We used a social network analysis program to assess answers. RESULTS: A total of 329 LHDs responded. An emergent network appeared to operate nationally among 740 LHDs. Eleven LHDs were repeatedly nominated by peers as sources of advice or examples (ie, opinion leaders), and 24 acted as relational bridges to hold these emergent networks together (ie, boundary spanners). Although 2 LHDs played both roles, most LHDs we surveyed performed neither of these roles. CONCLUSION: Opinion leading and boundary spanning health departments can be accessed to increase the likelihood of affecting the rate of interest in and adoption of innovations. Decision makers involved in disseminating new public health practices, programs, or policies may find our results useful both for emergencies and for practice-as-usual.
Childhood Maltreatment Consequences on Social Pragmatic Communication: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Purpose Maltreatment is a threat to child health and well-being and negatively influences all aspects of development, including language. Less seems to be known about the consequences that maltreat...
Colonic Metastasis of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma 19 Years after the Primary Tumor Resection

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a tumor characterized by slow growth and late distant metastasis. The lung and breast are the most common sites for metastasis. Colonic metastasis of such a tumor is rare, with few case reports available. Here, we report a case of ACC arising from minor salivary gland that metastasized to the colon 19 years after the primary tumor resection, with literature review of the clinical, histological, and molecular features of ACC. This case raises our awareness of such tumors as a differential diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
Is speciation an unrelenting march to reproductive isolation

Speciation is often portrayed as an "incomplete" or "incipient" process if two groups of organisms, technically distinguishable either by morphology or genetics, can exchange genes. The ultimate outcome of diversification, given this perspective, is complete reproductive isolation. But an increasing amount of evidence suggests that speciation is rarely complete and inter-fertility between different taxonomically accepted species is consistently maintained. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Linan et al. (2021) provide results that bridge evolutionary processes from populations to phylogenies that indicate suites of closely related tree species in the Mascarene Islands actively exchange genes, evolving as a nested set of syngameons with a hierarchical pattern of interfertility. The deep insight into diversification provided by this study is particularly powerful because of the genomic scale of the data and the complete taxonomic sampling of an island clade evolving in situ. The prevalence of syngameon dynamics in a broad range of organisms indicates that we should adopt a fluid and comprehensive approach to defining evolutionary units for conservation and research. We should move beyond focusing on single endangered species in evolutionary and ecological isolation from other species but consider the entire network of potentially interfertile species and the potential for future adaptation and innovation, particularly in a human dominated world.
Dangerous liaisons between military intelligence and Middle Eastern studies in Israel

Il est avere qu'en Israel, les universitaires specialises dans le Moyen-Orient collaborent avec les services de renseignements de l'armee. Le but de cet article est de chercher a connaitre les circonstances dans lesquelles cette collaboration a ete amenee a se developper et avec quelles consequences en ce qui concerne les relations des intellectuels avec le pouvoir
Regional Flow Systems

A groundwater flow system is a three-dimensional entity that has the following components: —a recharge area where water enters the flow system —a discharge area where water exits the system —boundary conditions and physical dimensions When dealing with flow systems, we often differentiate between local, intermediate, and regional flow systems. The distinction is primarily a matter of scale; local flow systems cover a much smaller area than intermediate systems, which in turn are smaller than regional systems. Regional groundwater flow systems generally involve a large area (101–102 km), and usually contain several local flow systems, resulting in areas of local recharge as well as springs or other discharge features within the larger system. Often several different aquifers and geologic formations will be connected by a larger regional groundwater system. Keywords: hydrogeology; flow systems; recharge; discharge; boundary conditions; topography
Responsiveness of measurements of knee extension force obtained by hand-held dynamometry: A preliminary analysis

A retrospective review of patient records was undertaken to establish the responsiveness of measurements of knee extension force obtained by hand-held dynamometry. Of particular interest was a minimal clinically important difference (MCID). A transition of dependence to independence in sit-to-stand was considered clinically important. Patients who experienced such a transition had a mean increase in bilateral knee extension force of 83 N (43%), whereas patients who remained dependent in sit-to stand demonstrated a decrease in bilateral knee extension force of 7 N (3%). Although a difference of 43% is contextual, it provides the first clue of an MCID in knee extension force indicative of responsiveness for the measurement.
Total ischemic burden: Implications for prognosis and therapy

Patients with silent myocardial ischemia can be classified as one of three clinical types: those who are totally asymptomatic (type 1), those who are asymptomatic after a myocardial infarction (type 2), and those who demonstrate both asymptomatic and symptomatic episodes (type 3). Total ischemic activity may be similar in any given patient, but the ratio of symptomatic to asymptomatic episodes will differ. Prognosis appears dependent on the degree of total ischemic activity plus the extent of coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. The effects of therapy can be monitored with exercise testing and/or Holter monitoring. Using the latter technique, the largest multicenter study to date, the Nifedipine Total Ischemia Awareness Program, has demonstrated the advantages of adding a calcium antagonist to nitrate and/or beta-blocker therapy regimens in order to maximize the reduction in total ischemic activity in angina patients.
World Health Concerns

In the United States thiamine deficiency is relatively rare, and when present is usually associated with chronic alcoholism and Wernicke’s disease. In the world, however, the picture of thiamine deficiency is much different. For example, the reader is directed to a chapter in this monograph on an outbreak of thiamine deficiency in Nigeria called African Seasonal Ataxia. In these cases, thiamine deficiency was caused by eating beetle larvae which contained a thiaminase. Many hundreds of cases were reported. Other outbreaks of thiamine deficiency have occurred from eating white cereals or from eating polished rice. Outbreaks of thiamine deficiency have recently been associated with food ration distributions. These food aid distributions usually contain food stuffs not well balanced. When consumed by people already semi-deficient, overt thiamine deficiency can appear quickly.
PURIFICATION OF STREPTOMYCES VENEZUELAE PHAGE

Kolstad, R. A. (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis), and S. G. Bradley. Purification of Streptomyces venezuelae phage. J. Bacteriol. 87:1157-1161. 1964.-Streptomyces venezuelae phage MSP8 was concentrated and purified by a combination of methods including dialysis against polyethylene glycol, partitioning between the two phases of aqueous polymer systems, gel filtration, chromatography on ECTEOLA-cellulose, and differential centrifugation. S. venezuelae phage MSP8 is 57% deoxyribonucleic acid and 43% protein. Its head is 55 by 70 mmu, and its tail is 10 by 150 mmu. Its dry weight is 250 mg per 10(15) plaqueforming units, and its density is 1.4. Phage MSP8 contains 15 mug of phosphorus and 40 mug of nitrogen per 10(12) particles. The ratio of light absorbancy at 260 to 280 mmu is 1.5. A mixture of two actinophages, MNP3 and MVP7, was separated by use of ECTEOLA-cellulose. In one fraction, 99% of the phage was MNP3; in another fraction, 99% of the phage was MVP7.
GIANT MOLECULAR CLOUDS AS THE DOMINANT COMPONENT OF INTERSTELLAR MATTER IN THE GALAXY

The results of an extensive survey of molecular clouds in the galaxy are presented. Observations of 13CO and 12CO emission are interpreted to determine the galactic distribution, size, mass and age of interstellar molecular clouds. Most of the emission is from large massive cloud complexes which we refer to as Giant Molecular Clouds. The 13CO observations confirm the strong concentration of interstellar matter in a “ring” at 4-8kpc from the galactic center. The H2 density at the peak of the distribution isn(H2) ∼ 4 cm−3. From high resolution observations we find that a typical size of a Giant Molecular Cloud complex is 40pc with a mass of 5 × 105 M. Most of the mass in clouds is in the high mass end of the cloud spectrum. There are about 3000 – 4000 GMC's in the galaxy at 4<R<8 kpc. GMC's are therefore the dominant component of the interstellar medium. Cloud temperature is typically 10K with density n(H2) ∼ 300 cm−3. They are gravitationally bound objects whose age is at least 3 × 1028 yrs. On a galactic scale we have sampled 730 points at 4° ≤ l ≤ 70°, |b| ≤ 2°. We find a scale height Z1/2 = 60pc, less than half that of HI, with a center below b = 0° at Zc = −26pc. The total surface density of molecular clouds is about 20 M/pc2 in the ring. 90% of the total ISM is in molecular clouds at R = 5kpc. There is no apparent spiral structure. GMC's are the main reservoir of interstellar matter and small isolated clouds may be fragments or debris from large clouds.
Micromechanics of Dynamic Fracturing of Ceramic Composites: Experiments and Observations

The conventional compression split Hopkinson bar is modified for application to dynamic testing of very hard materials such as ceramics and ceramic composites. The technique is used to study the response and failure modes of boron carbide-aluminum cermets. The effects of heat treatment on the dynamic response of this cermet are examined.
Determinants of substrate recognition by poliovirus 2A proteinase.

Abstract Poliovirus proteinase 2A (2Apro) is autocatalytically released from the viral polyprotein by cleavage in cis of a Tyr-Gly dipeptide at its own amino terminus, resulting in separation of the P1 structural and P2-P3 nonstructural protein precursors. A second Ty-Gly dipeptide within 3D polymerase is cleaved by 2Apro in trans, but this is not essential for viral proliferation. The mechanism which limits cleavage to only 2 of the 10 Tyr-Gly dipeptides within the poliovirus polyprotein has not been characterized. We have therefore undertaken a systematic mutational analysis of the VP1-2A site to elucidate determinants of substrate recognition by 2Apro. The P2 and P1' positions are important determinants for cis cleavage of this site, whereas a variety of substituents could be tolerated at the P2', P1, and P3 positions. The requirements for trans cleavage of this site were more stringent. We found that the 2Apro of coxsackievirus type A21 and rhinoviruses 2 and 14 have stringent requirements similar to those of poliovirus 2Apro for cleavage in trans.
Extinction of conditioned opiate withdrawal in rats in a two-chambered place conditioning apparatus

Conditioned opiate withdrawal contributes to relapse in addicts and can be studied in rats by using the opiate withdrawal-induced conditioned place aversion (OW-CPA) paradigm. Attenuation of conditioned withdrawal through extinction may be beneficial in the treatment of addiction. Here we describe a protocol for studying OW-CPA extinction using a two-chambered place conditioning apparatus. Rats are made dependent on morphine through subcutaneous implantation of morphine pellets and then are trained to acquire OW-CPA through pairings of one chamber with naloxone-precipitated withdrawal and the other chamber with saline. Extinction training consists of re-exposures to both chambers in the absence of precipitated withdrawal. Rats tested after the completion of training show a decline in avoidance of the formerly naloxone-paired chamber with increasing numbers of extinction training sessions. The protocol takes a minimum of 7 d; the exact duration varies with the amount of extinction training, which is determined by the goals of the experiment.
Leaf water relations of cotton in a free-air CO2-enriched environment

As part of an intensive study of crop response to CO2 enrichment in a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment in the field, we determined aspects of the water relations of a cotton crop on selected dates in 1991. The atmosphere was enriched from 370 μmol CO2 mol−1 (control) to about 550 μmol mol−1 in free air during daylight hours. Under full irrigation, CO2 enrichment decreased stomatal conductance and single-leaf transpiration only toward the end of the season, and these changes led to increased leaf water potentials only at that time of year. Under water-stressed (deficit irrigation) conditions, CO2 enrichment decreased conductance throughout the season but there was no corresponding consistent effect on leaf water potentials. As with the fully irrigated controls, CO2 enrichment increased leaf water potentials only at the end of the season. CO2 enrichment increased season-long biomass accumulation 39% under full irrigation and 34% under deficit irrigation. These results are consistent with previous studies of cotton in open-top chambers that found only small effects of CO2 enrichment on internal water relations of cotton, and no water stress-induced increase in crop responsiveness to elevated CO2.
Detection and Localization Method of Power Quality Disturbance Based on Improved TT-Transform

Towards the problem of power quality disturbance detecting and localization in the power system, this paper proposed a new method based on improved TT-transform. Amplitude’s mutation in maximum element sequence of the TT- module matrix’s row is detected to locate beginning and ending time of power quality disturbances. This method can not only detect single power quality disturbance, but also detect composite disturbance accurately. The simulation results show that the method proposed can accurately detect the common power quality disturbance signal.
Narcolepsy: Evaluation and Treatment

(1978). Narcolepsy: Evaluation and Treatment. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs: Vol. 10, Stimulant Use, Misuse and Abuse: A Ten Year Follow-Up, pp. 319-325.
Homotopy of dynamical systems on manifolds and Morse theory on covering space

We consider a dynamical system X on a compact differentiable manifold M and the induced dynamical system X(?) on the universal covering space $$ \tilde M $$ of M. We develop algebraic topology methods for estimating the lower bounds on the number of codimension one surfaces (i.e. on the number of index one equilibria) on the boundary of regions of stability on $$ \tilde M $$ . We also develop a method of constructively verifying that the number of index one equilibria on the boundary of any region of stability in $$ \tilde M $$ is preserved during a homotopy of vector fields, avoiding a verification of the transversality condition. This approach allows us to get lower bounds for the index one equilibria on the boundary of stability regions of dynamical systems on noncompact manifolds and get stronger estimates than the ones afforded by the classical Morse ---Smale theory.
Inheritance of sesquiterpene carboxylic acid synthesis in crosses of Lycopersicon hirsutum with insect-susceptible tomatoes

Sesquilerpenc carhoxylic acids (SCA) from Lycopersicon hirsutum f, lypictim Humh, & Bonpl, accession LA 1777 confer host-planl resislance to Helicoverpa :ca (Boddie) and Spodopiera exigua (Hubiier), two Lepidopteran (Noctuidiie) insect pests of ihe cultivated lomato. L. esculcntum Mill. Hybrids were made between LA 1777 and iwo accessions of inscct-suscep tihie tomatoes th:tt do not produce SCA, L. hirsutum LA 1033 and the L. e.sculentuni cultivar "Chico HI", Fi and backcross progeny of both crosses were evaluated for variation in amounts of total SCA in replicated field and greenhouse plantings. Analysis of variance of total SCA in a sei o!' F: plants of the cross LA 1(133 X LA 1777 demonstrated significant variation in SCA attributable to genolype, environment and their interaction. Segregation for high levels of SCA in the populations suggests polygenic inheritance. Broad sense herilability was 0,84, which indicates thai phenotypic selection for plants with high SCA is feasible in a backcross-brecding programme for the introgression of SCA-mediated insect resistance into tomato cultivars.
Synthesis of 2‐Alkyl‐Substituted Benzimidazoles by Thermal Decomposition of 2‐Azidobenzenamines in thePresence of an Aldehyde

Abstract 2‐Substituted benzimidazoles were prepared by reaction of 2‐azidoaminobenzenes with aldehydes under thermal conditions. The reaction probably proceeds via a sequential imine formation, azide decomposition forming a nitrene, and electrocyclization.
Glycosaminoglycans in the cartilage of developing chick embryo limbs.

This study provides quantitative microchemical data on the glycosaminoglycans of developing chick embryo cartilage. The major glycosaminoglycan was chondroitin sulfate, which appeared co-incidentally with cartilage in the limbs and rapidly increased as the amount of cartilage increased. Significant amounts of other glycosaminoglycans were not found in whole limbs, whole bone rudiments or microscopically-dissected cartilage samples. The characteristics of the chondroitin sulfate as revealed by cetylpyridinium chloride fractionation were the same for all of these samples, even cartilage samples differing markedly in morphology and known functional response.
An exploratory study of parent-child communication about sex and the sexual attitudes of early, middle, and late adolescents.

Abstract In an attempt to examine the relationship between parent-child communication about sex and parent-adolescent attitudes about sex, 12- to 20-year-olds (N = 141) and their parents completed sexual communication and attitude questionnaires. The correlation between parents' and children's attitudes were high for all the early adolescents and low for all the middle adolescents. Only among the late adolescents was there a significant difference in the correlations between the sexual attitudes of parents and their children as a function of family communication level, with the attitudes of adolescents and parents in the high communication group being highly correlated and the attitudes of adolescents and parents in the low communication group not being significantly correlated. Middle adolescents had significantly more permissive sexual attitudes than early and late adolescents. Gender variables were also studied, but conclusions were limited due to the small number of participating fathers. All findings...
Self-disclosure of HIV infection among men who vary in time since seropositive diagnosis and symptomatic status

Objective : To assess self-disclosure of HlV-positive serostatus to family, friends, and intimate lovers among asymptomatic and symptomatic men who varied in length of time since HlV-seropositive diagnosis. Additionally, the study assessed the anticipated and actual interpersonal consequences of disclosure. Methods : A multiethnic sample of 684 men with HIV/AIDS completed self-administered questionnaires at two HlV-outpatient clinics in Los Angeles. The cross-sectional analysis stratified the men by time since testing HlV-seropositive and symptomatic status. Disclosure to six significant others (intimate lover, close friend, mother, father, sister, brother) was examined in univariate and multivariate analyses. Results : Men recently diagnosed HlV-seropositive (within 2-4 months) were more likely to have informed intimate lovers and friends than family members ; disclosure to father was extremely low. Disclosure was generally lower among asymptomatic than symptomatic men ; 21% of asymptomatic men who had tested HlV-seropositive in the previous year had not informed any of the six significant others considered in the study. Disclosure rates were higher among men diagnosed less recently. The interpersonal reactions of those informed were more favorable than the reactions non-disclosers anticipated ; however, both actual and anticipated reactions were generally supportive. Conclusion : Many asymptomatic men inform few or no significant others of their HIV infection in the first few months after HIV diagnosis. Given the generally supportive reactions reported, HlV-seropositive men should be encouraged, when appropriate, to inform family, friends, and intimate lovers of their serostatus.
Vibrational spectra and normal coordinate analysis of trans‐1,4‐poly(2,3‐dimethylbutadiene) and the two polymorphic forms of trans‐1,4‐poly(isoprene)

The infrared and Raman spectra of the two polymorphic forms of trans-1,4-poly(isoprene) (TPI) and trans-1,4-poly(2,3-dimethyl butadiene) (TPDMB) are presented. Infrared spectra of the alpha and beta forms of TPI were obtained by digitally subtracting the amorphous contribution from the corresponding spectra of semicrystalline TPI polymers. Normal coordinate calculations are presented for both polymorphic forms of TPI and TPDMB, and the assignments of the normal modes are discussed.
LICHEN MYXEDEMATOSUS TREATMENT WITH CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE

Lichen myxedematosus is a rare, chronic, progressive disease of unknown etiology characterized histologically by mucin deposition in the upper one half of the dermis and is in many cases associated with a serum paraprotein. We report the third case of lichen myxedematosus which has been treated with oral cyclophosphamide. Our case, as one of those previously treated, lacked the characteristic paraprotein. Therapeutic response consisted of improvement, but not complete resolution of the skin findings.
Computational considerations associated with the development of near-real-time dynamic simulations for propulsion applications

Detailed dynamic computer simulations of complex propulsion systems and components are useful for design and analysis. These simulations typically require execution times that range from minutes to hours. With more rapid execution, the ability to interact and concurrently see graphic display of simulation results can be provided. Further, the operating computer model can respond rapidly to user-controlled inputs. In this paper, parallel computational techniques are discussed as they apply to the development of near-real-time simulations. Programming practices which promote efficient serial program execution are described. A brief comparison of parallel computational platforms is provided. A discussion of how intra- and interprocess communications affect computational performance is presented. It is shown that efficient computational schemes require concurrent communication/calculation processes on each processing node. Superior computational performance is achieved when communication latency is minimized. 10 refs.
Cognitive behavioral and pharmacological treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A preliminary meta-analysis

This study provides a meta-analytic review of controlled trials examining cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and pharmacotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Thirty-five studies, published or presented between 1974 and January 1996, were identified, and provided 61 separate treatment interventions. Both modalities of treatment offered clear efficacy to patients, and the overall effect size (ES) for CBT (ES = .70) was not statistically different from pharmacotherapy (ES = 0.60) for measures of anxiety severity. CBT was associated with significantly greater effects on depression severity, and was associated with clear maintenance of treatment gains, whereas the long-term efficacy of pharmacologic treatment was attenuated following medication discontinuation. Data concerning the efficacy of specific cognitive behavioral and pharmacologic interventions are provided, as are analyses of the influence of methodological factors (e.g., gender distribution, length of treatment) on the efficacy of treatments.
Luna 20 pyroxenes - Exsolution and phase transformation as indicators of petrologic history.

Description of several pyroxene crystals from a small Luna 20 soil sample which show features comparable to those observed in pyroxenes from layered intrusions. The observed characteristics suggest that many of the bronzite and pigeonite crystals found were derived from rocks crystallized from a high level magma chamber in the lunar highland crust.
ESD on CHMOS Devices - Equivalent Circuits, Physical Models and Failure Mechanisms

Using new techniques it is possible to construct an EOS/ESD equivalent circuit of a product. Location of energy dissipation during an EOS/ESD event is determined by a pulsed near infrared technique. Rules for predicting location of ESD dissipation are defined. N+-P-N+ structures and n-channel transistors suffer from a current lock-on effect, which is apparently caused by a runaway oxide trapping mechanism. Different failure mechanisms are observed at narrow and wide pulse widths. Hot electron induced damage occurs under mechanical handling conditions. On CMOS outputs the n-channel device absorbs most of the ESD, and is very fragile.
The Practices and Process of Neighborhood: the (Re)Production of Riverwest, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

This article examines the practices and process that (re)produce neighborhoods. I argue that the practices producing neighborhoods in the 1970s inform the practices (re)producing neighborhoods today. Drawing upon Lefebvre's concepts of social space and spatial practice, Bourdieu's concepts of practice and habitus, and Pred's concept of place as a historically contingent process, I examine the (re)production of Milwaukee's Riverwest neighborhood as a process. Practices of institution building and protest were central to the production of this relatively socially inclusive and activist neighborhood. Over the past 30 years, through what could be defined as the habitus of place, the process of neighborhood (re)production continued many of the practices first established in the 1970s, as new practices addressed social and cultural changes. A focus on practices and process draws our attention to the (re)production of a relatively stable, consistent, long-term neighborhood identity.
Global Right Atrial Mapping of Human Atrial Flutter: The Presence of Posteromedial (Sinus Venosa Region) Functional Block and Double Potentials: A Study in Biplane Fluoroscopy and Intracardiac Echocardiography

Background—Previous studies of atrial flutter have found linear block at the crista terminalis; this was thought to predispose the patient to the arrhythmia. More recent observations, however, have...
Target residues from the interaction of silver with 15–45 MeV/nucleon 12C ions

Abstract Target residues from the interaction of silver with 15, 25, 35, and 45 MeV/nucleon 12 C ions have been studied by off-line γ-ray spectroscopy. Cross sections, average forward ranges, and forward-to-backward ratios were measured for approximately 70 products. The data were used to obtain the isobaric yield distribution, the mass yield distribution, the mean longitudinal momentum transfer, and the mean excitation energy. The results are compared with other studies of the interaction of medium- A targets with intermediate-energy heavy-ion projectiles.
Phosphate utilization and alkaline phosphatase activity in Anacystis nidulans (Synechococcus).

Anacystis nidulans (Synechococcus) was maintained in a medium of low phosphate concentration (0.1 mM) and grew with a normal doubling time of 5 hrs at 30°C. Such cultures ahd a normal pigment composition and alkaline phosphatase was detectable at low specific activities only.
High-authority telescoping actuators with single-crystal piezoelectric materials

The displacement output of the telescoping actuators, as developed in the NRL, depend on the material properties. Recently developed relaxor ferroelectric materials, with compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary and in single crystal forms, show high strain output capability and high coupling coefficients. These materials, when design into devices, would provide high performance, in terms of displacement output, and high transduction efficiency. We have utilized one of these single crystal materials, namely, lead zinc niobate-lead titanate, PZN-PT, for the construction of the NRL telescoping actuators. The evaluation of the piezoelectric performance of these single crystal-based telescoping actuators showed much higher displacement outputs than that for the ones previously made with polycrystalline PZT ceramics.