cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Multi-center, Prospective, Observational-cohort controlled study of Clinical Outcomes following COVID-19 Convalescent plasma therapy in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Background The SARS-CoV2 pandemic has caused high inpatient mortality and morbidity throughout the world. COVID19 convalescent plasma has been utilized as a potential therapy for patients hospitalized with COVID19 pneumonia. This study evaluated the outcomes of hospitalized COVID19 patients treated with COVID19 convalescent plasma in a prospective, observational multicenter trial. Methods From April 2020 through August 2020, hospitalized COVID19 patients at 16 participating hospitals in Colorado were enrolled and treated with COVID19 convalescent plasma (CCP) and compared to hospitalized patients with COVID19 who were not treated with convalescent plasma. Plasma antibody levels were determined following the trial given that antibody tests were not approved at the initiation of the trial. CCP-treated and untreated COVID19 hospitalized patients were matched using propensity scores followed by analysis for length of hospitalization and inpatient mortality. Results 542 total hospitalized COVID19 patients were enrolled at 16 hospitals across the region. A total of 468 hospitalized COVID19 patients were entered into propensity score matching with 188 patients matched for analysis in the CCP-treatment and control arms. Fine-Gray models revealed increased length of hospital stay in CCP-treated patients and no change in inpatient mortality compared to controls. In subgroup analysis of CCP-treated patients within 7 days of admission, there was no difference in length of hospitalization and inpatient mortality. Conclusions These data show that treatment of hospitalized COVID19 patients with CCP did not significantly improve patient hospitalization length of stay or inpatient mortality.
Application of a Calibration Procedure for EMC Analysis with an Open Directional Coupler

Automotive tests concerning electromagnetic compatibility are usually performed as hardware tests in late development stages. Because the electromagnetic environment in vehicles becomes increasingly complex, changes in these late development stages become more time consuming and financially challenging. In this paper a general calibration method for contactless electromagnetic compatibility analysis is applied with a new type of open wave coupler for the frequency range of 300 kHz to 300 MHz. It is found that the procedure lacks accuracy in the determination of phase information. An additional calibration step is proposed in order to gain the correct phase information.
Perioperative Clerkship Design for Students with Physical Disabilities: A Model for Implementation.

OBJECTIVE Disability inclusion is an important and growing area of focus for medical education that may be stymied by stereotypes about disabilities, lack of knowledge about accommodations for students with physical disabilities, or outdated technical standards that preclude participation of people with mobility disabilities. To support the inclusion of students with physical disability in surgical clerkships, we describe a proactive, progressive approach to the accommodations process for a student with a thoracic spinal cord injury entering a surgical clerkship. DESIGN Working proactively, medical school leadership, disability professionals and the clerkship team collaborated on the development of reasonable accommodations for a student with a thoracic spinal cord injury entering a surgical clerkship. SETTING University of Colorado, Department of Surgery and Department of Medical Education, Aurora, CO. PARTICIPANTS A third-year medical student and faculty from the medical school and surgical clerkship leaders. RESULTS An M3 student with a thoracic spinal cord injury successfully completed an 8-week surgical clerkship completing all required procedural and clinical skills utilizing reasonable accommodation. The student achieved a grade of honors for the rotation. CONCLUSIONS Early communication and planning for disability-related adjustments are critical to ensure an accessible experience for students with physical disabilities. The addition of a student with a disability adds to a better understanding of inclusive practices for surgical education and adds to the diversity of thought and experience for the medical education community.
TALISMAN: Targeted Active Learning for Object Detection with Rare Classes and Slices using Submodular Mutual Information.

Deep neural networks based object detectors have shown great success in a variety of domains like autonomous vehicles, biomedical imaging, etc. It is known that their success depends on a large amount of data from the domain of interest. While deep models often perform well in terms of overall accuracy, they often struggle in performance on rare yet critical data slices. For example, data slices like "motorcycle at night" or "bicycle at night" are often rare but very critical slices for self-driving applications and false negatives on such rare slices could result in ill-fated failures and accidents. Active learning (AL) is a well-known paradigm to incrementally and adaptively build training datasets with a human in the loop. However, current AL based acquisition functions are not well-equipped to tackle real-world datasets with rare slices, since they are based on uncertainty scores or global descriptors of the image. We propose TALISMAN, a novel framework for Targeted Active Learning or object detectIon with rare slices using Submodular MutuAl iNformation. Our method uses the submodular mutual information functions instantiated using features of the region of interest (RoI) to efficiently target and acquire data points with rare slices. We evaluate our framework on the standard PASCAL VOC07+12 and BDD100K, a real-world self-driving dataset. We observe that TALISMAN outperforms other methods by in terms of average precision on rare slices, and in terms of mAP.
Imperial Rule and the Politics of Nationalism: Anti-Colonial Protest in the French Empire

During the first half of the twentieth century, movements seeking political equality emerged in France's overseas territories. Within twenty years, they were replaced by movements for national independence in the majority of French colonies, protectorates, and mandates. In this pathbreaking study of the decolonization era, Adria Lawrence asks why elites in French colonies shifted from demands for egalitarian and democratic reforms to calls for independent statehood, and why mass mobilization for independence emerged where and when it did. Lawrence shows that nationalist discourses became dominant as a consequence of the failure of the reform agenda. Where political rights were granted, colonial subjects opted for further integration and reform. Contrary to conventional accounts, nationalism was not the only or even the primary form of anti-colonialism. Lawrence shows further that mass nationalist protest occurred only when and where French authority was disrupted. Imperial crises were the cause, not the result, of mass protest.
Changing salary structure and faculty composition within business schools: Differences across sectors and state funding levels

Abstract We employ new data to examine how public higher education institutions adjusted the salaries and composition of their business faculty during a financially challenging period. The data's multilevel structure allows us to describe changes in between-institution inequality, within-institution inequality, and their interaction. To examine the role of finances, we compare public and private institutions and employ difference and fixed-effects models to study the effect of state appropriations. Our results indicate that financially stressed publics almost matched the salary increases of their competitors between 1999 and 2006, but reductions in the number of professors especially full professors accompanied this salary growth. The salary gap across public institutions increased, while within institutions, salary compression and salary inequality within rank grew.
Infrared absorption studies of inorganic co-ordination complexes—XXIII: Studies of some metal-alanine complexes

Abstract Bis-(alanuio)-copper-II, zinc-II and nickel-II complexes synthesized by the reaction of the metal salt with the optically active l and the racemic d-l -alanine ligand are reported. The infrared spectra of these metal co-ordination complexes have been measured in the 2–15 μ region and assignments of the observed absorption bands of the metal chelates containing the optically-active ligands are reported.
The Effects of Peer Monitoring Training on the Emergence of the Capability to Learn from Observing Instruction Received by Peers

We tested the effects of teaching peer monitoring on the emergence of an observational learning (OL) capability in 2 experiments using delayed multiple probe designs with children diagnosed with developmental disabilities. In probes for the OL capability before and after each stage of the peer monitoring intervention, participants received unconsequated probes on material that was novel to them after they observed peers who were taught mastery of the material. In Experiment 1, 2 participants were probed for the presence of OL of textual responses and tact responses to pictures taught to peers prior to and after each stage of the peer monitoring intervention. In the training, target participants observed peers receiving different instruction involving reinforcement for accuracy and corrections for errors. After participants met criterion on the monitoring intervention, they demonstrated OL with the peer they trained with and a novel peer. In Experiment 2, the same results accrued for vocal spelling responses. The data suggest that for children like these, acquiring the capability to learn by observing instruction received by others in classrooms results from monitoring others receive instruction.
Development of a practical soy-based diet for California yellowtail, Seriola lalandi

Two feeding trials were conducted to initiate the development of a practical soy-based diet for California yellowtail (YT), Seriola lalandi. The first trial evaluated fish meal (FM), FM + solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM) or FM + soy protein concentrate (SPC)-based diets and a commercial reference diet (Skretting Marine Grower). Final weights (31.8–67.6 g), per cent gain (492.8–1059.9%) and feed conversion ratio (1.11–1.59) all followed a similar response in that fish offered the commercial diet performed significantly better than fish maintained on the other diets. The second trial was designed to evaluate the replacement of FM with increasing levels of soy protein. The basal diet contained 400 g kg−1 FM and 240 g kg−1 SBM. The FM was then reduced to 300 g kg−1, 200 g kg−1 and 150 g kg−1 of the diet using SPC as the replacement protein. Final weight (41.2–64.1 g) and per cent gain (110.5–226.5%) followed similar trends with decreases in performance as the FM level was reduced. No gross signs of enteritis were noted, indicating that reduced performance was likely due to nutrient deficiencies or palatability problems rather than an allergic response. Results demonstrate that there is potential to develop reduced FM diets for this species using soy protein.
Incremental recursive prediction error algorithm for parameter estimation in sensor networks

We consider a network of sensors deployed to sense a spatio-temporal field and estimate a parameter of interest. We are interested in the case where the temporal process sensed by each sensor can be modeled as a state-space process that is perturbed by random noise and parametrized by an unknown parameter. To estimate the unknown parameter from the measurements that the sensors sequentially collect, we propose a distributed and recursive estimation algorithm, which we refer to as the incremental recursive prediction error algorithm. This algorithm has the distributed property of incremental gradient algorithms and the on-line property of recursive prediction error algorithms. We study the convergence behavior of the algorithm and provide sufficient conditions for its convergence. Our convergence result is rather general and contains as special cases the known convergence results for the incremental versions of the least-mean square algorithm. Finally, we use the algorithm developed in this paper to identify the source of a gas-leak (diffusing source) in a closed warehouse and also report some numerical results.
Composite ${\rm Y}_{2}{\rm O}_{3}-{\rm Al}_{2}{\rm O}_{3}$ as Diffusion Barrier/Nucleation Layer for HTS Coated Conductors Based on IBAD MgO

A composite layer has been successfully implemented in high temperature superconducting (HTS) coated conductors (CCs) based on ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) MgO technology. This layer serves a dual function: a nucleation layer for the growth of high quality biaxially aligned MgO and a diffusion barrier to inhibit interdiffusion between the Ni-alloy substrate and the superconductor. The composition of the composite Y2O3-Al2O3 influences the texture and superconducting properties of YBCO films grown on STO buffered MgO/Y2O3-Al2O3/Ni-alloy. Our experimental results demonstrate that the superconducting properties of YBCO grown on STO buffered MgO/Y2O3-Al2O3/Ni-alloy are comparable with those of YBCO on standard architecture. The use of a single composite Y2O3-Al2O3 layer instead of individual layers of Y2O3 and Al2O3 for the fabrication of HTS CCs based on IBAD MgO provides advantages such as simplified architecture and potentially reduced cost due to the reduced number of fabrication steps.
State Cooperation & the International Criminal Court: A Role for the United States?

This article appeared in a white paper from the American Society of International Law on the relationship between the United States and the International Criminal Court in the post-Kampala Review Conference period. This article is premised on the recognition that (1) the International Criminal Court is almost entirely dependent on State cooperation to effectuate its mandate to bring to justice individuals responsible for committing "the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole" and (2) cooperation is central to the evolving relationship between the ICC and the United States. Notwithstanding the rapprochement between the ICC and the U.S. under the Obama administration, domestic legislation dating from the Bush Administration prohibits most forms of cooperation with the Court absent specific waivers or other contingencies. If the United States is to best position itself to use all international tools available to it to advance United States interests in responding effectively to the commission of international crimes, this legislation should be repealed or significantly scaled back. Short of ratifying the ICC Statute, this article discusses a number of ways that the United States can work with the Court to both promote the United States' foreign policy agenda and support the mission of the Court. It argues that re-engaging with the Court through appropriate cooperative efforts will go far toward restoring the United States to its prior leadership position in the arena of international justice.
Acute Ischemic Stroke Treatment, Part 2: Treatment "Roles of Capillary Index Score, Revascularization and Time".

Due to recent results from clinical intra-arterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke (IAT-AIS) trials such as the Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS III), IAT-AIS and the merit of revascularization have been contested. Even though intra-arterial treatment (IAT) has been shown to improve revascularization rates, a corresponding increase in good outcomes has only recently been noted. Even though a significant percentage of patients achieve good revascularization in a timely manner, results do not translate into good clinical outcomes (GCOs). Based on a review of the literature, the authors suspect limited good clinical outcomes following timely and successful revascularization are due to poor patient selection that led to futile and possibly even harmful revascularization. The Capillary Index Score (CIS) is a simple angiography-based scale that can potentially be used to improve patient selection to prevent revascularization being performed on patients who are unlikely to benefit from treatment. The CIS characterizes presence of capillary blush related to collateral flow as a marker of residual viable tissue, with absence of blush indicating the tissue is no longer viable due to ischemia. By only selecting patients with a favorable CIS for IAT, the rate of GCOs should consistently approach 80-90%. Current methods of patient selection are primarily dependent on time from ischemia. Time from cerebral ischemia to irreversible tissue damage seems to vary from patient to patient, however, so focusing on viable tissue based on the CIS rather than relying on an artificial time window seems to be a more appropriate approach to patient selection.
The Solar Wind — Inner Heliosphere

The solar wind in the inner heliosphere, inside ~ 5 AU, has been almost fully characterized by the addition of the high heliographic latitude Ulysses mission to the many low latitude inner heliosphere missions that preceded it. The two major omissions are the high latitude solar wind at solar maximum, which will be measured during the second Ulysses polar passages, and the solar wind near the Sun, which could be analyzed by a Solar Probe mission. Here, existing knowledge of the global solar wind in the inner heliosphere is summarized in the context of the new results from Ulysses.
Evaluation of the Beckman Antistreptolysin O and Antideoxyribonuclease B (ASO/ADB) Test Kit

The Beckman antistreptolysin O kit agreed within one-dilution increment for 70% of the specimens tested. The antideoxyribonuclease B kit agreed within onedilution increment for 96% of the specimens tested.
POSTMODERNISM AND SPIRITUALITY: SOME PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHING CONTENT ON SPIRITUALITY

The integration of spirituality content into curricula has accelerated dramatically during the past decade. Despite this trend, little discussion has appeared in the literature about the instructional methods best suited to teach spirituality. Adopting a new approach referred to as pedagogical pluralism, the authors suggest that some aspects of spirituality content are best taught using pedagogical strategies drawn from modernism, whereas other aspects are most congruent with postmodern strategies. Indeed, the authors propose that the epistemological assumptions that inform postmodernism and common understandings of spirituality are highly congruent. Consequently, significant components of spirituality content may be best taught using nontraditional postmodern pedagogical strategies that may strike some readers as controversial, or even radical.
Fast 2D hybrid fluid-analytical simulation of inductive/capacitive discharges

A fast two-dimensional (2D) hybrid fluid-analytical transform coupled plasma reactor model was developed using the finite elements simulation tool COMSOL. Both inductive and capacitive coupling of the source coils to the plasma are included in the model, as well as a capacitive bias option for the wafer electrode. A bulk fluid plasma model, which solves the time-dependent plasma fluid equations for the ion continuity and electron energy balance, is coupled with an analytical sheath model. The vacuum sheath of variable thickness is modeled with a fixed-width sheath of variable dielectric constant. The sheath heating is treated as an incoming heat flux at the plasma–sheath boundary, and a dissipative term is added to the sheath dielectric constant. A gas flow model solves for the steady-state pressure, temperature and velocity of the neutrals. The simulation results, over a range of input powers, are in good agreement with a chlorine reactor experimental study.
Identification of a Truncated Form of the G-protein Regulator AGS3 in Heart That Lacks the Tetratricopeptide Repeat Domains

AGS3, a 650-amino acid protein encoded by an ∼4-kilobase (kb) mRNA enriched in rat brain, is a Gαi/Gαt-binding protein that competes with Gβγ for interaction with GαGDP and acts as a guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor for heterotrimeric G-proteins. An ∼2-kb AGS3 mRNA (AGS3-SHORT) is enriched in rat and human heart. We characterized the heart-enriched mRNA, identified the encoded protein, and determined its ability to interact with and regulate the guanine nucleotide-binding properties of G-proteins. Screening of a rat heart cDNA library, 5′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends, and RNase protection assays identified two populations of cDNAs (1979 and 2134 nucleotides plus the polyadenylation site) that diverged from the larger 4-kb mRNA (AGS3-LONG) in the middle of the protein coding region. Transfection of COS-7 cells with AGS3-SHORT cDNAs resulted in the expression of a major immunoreactive AGS3 polypeptide (Mr ∼ 23,000) with a translational start site at Met495 of AGS3-LONG. Immunoblots indicated the expression of the Mr ∼ 23,000 polypeptide in rat heart. Glutathione S-transferase-AGS3-SHORT selectively interacted with the GDP-bound versus guanosine 5′-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPγS)-bound conformation of Gαi2 and inhibited GTPγS binding to Gαi2. Protein interaction assays with glutathioneS-transferase-AGS3-SHORT and heart lysates indicated interaction of AGS3-SHORT with Gαi1/2 and Gαi3, but not Gαs or Gαq. Immunofluorescent imaging and subcellular fractionation following transient expression of AGS3-SHORT and AGS3-LONG in COS-7 and Chinese hamster ovary cells indicated distinct subcellular distributions of the two forms of AGS3. Thus, AGS3 exists as a short and long form, both of which apparently stabilize the GDP-bound conformation of Gαi, but which differ in their tissue distribution and trafficking within the cell.
Boltzmann factor and Hawking radiation

Hawking radiation has thermal spectrum corresponding to the temperature TH=(8πM)−1, where M is the mass (energy) of the black hole. Corrections to the Hawking radiation spectrum were discovered by Kraus and Wilczek (1995) and Parikh and Wilczek (2000). Here I show that these corrections follow directly from the basic principles of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. In essence, it is the Boltzmann factor that ought to be corrected; corrections to the Hawking (or any other) radiation spectrum then follow necessarily.
A reaction–diffusion model of the Darien Gap Sterile Insect Release Method

Abstract The Sterile Insect Release Method (SIRM) is used as a biological control for invasive insect species. SIRM involves introducing large quantities of sterilized male insects into a wild population of invading insects. A fertile/sterile mating produces offspring that are not viable and the wild insect population will eventually be eradicated. A U.S. government program maintains a permanent sterile fly barrier zone in the Darien Gap between Panama and Columbia to control the screwworm fly (Cochliomyia Hominivorax), an insect that feeds off of living tissue in mammals and has devastating effects on livestock. This barrier zone is maintained by regular releases of massive quantities of sterilized male screwworm flies from aircraft. We analyze a reaction–diffusion model of the Darien Gap barrier zone. Simulations of the model equations yield two types of spatially inhomogeneous steady-state solutions representing a sterile fly barrier that does not prevent invasion and a barrier that does prevent invasion. We investigate steady-state solutions using both phase plane methods and monotone iteration methods and describe how barrier width and the sterile fly release rate affects steady-state behavior.
Therapeutic letters in undergraduate nursing education: Ideas for clinical nurse educators.

summary Therapeutic letter writing (TLW) is a well-known intervention in family nursing practice but it has been overlooked as a strategy in nursing education to promote relationship-building. This article reviews what is known about TLW and presents what was learned by adding a TLW assignment to undergraduate clinical nursing courses. This paper adds to the evidence supporting TLW as an effective clinical teaching strategy to promote students relational skills and to recognize patients’ strengths. TLW has benefits for students, patients and faculty.
SRRS: a recommendation system for security requirements

Despite the availability of approaches to specifying security requirements, we have identified a lack of comparative studies of those approaches and, subsequently, lack of guidance and useful tools to determine the most appropriate approach for a specific project. In this paper we propose SRRS (Security Requirements Recommendation System), which takes user input about the most desirable characteristics for their project and recommends the most appropriate approach. We provide an example of applying our system, and show how the SRRS process works in general.
A Large-Area, Lightweight Rainshelter with Programmable Control

ABSTRACT IN order to implement water stress studies in the field where the probability of rain is significant, some type of rain excluding device must be used to assure the timeliness and intensity of plant water deficits. A rainshelter facility, which covers 0.13 ha (0.33 acres), has been constructed at the Kellogg Biological Station of Michigan State University for the study of plant growth response to soil water deficit. The facility consists of two buildings which run on a single drive system. The buildings are located at opposite ends of a set of tracks and move toward each other during rainfall. The ends of the buildings which face one another are open so that when the buildings meet in the center, they enclose the entire test plot. Once the buildings cover the plot, ventilation is provided by openings at the base of the walls and by a 17.8 cm (7 in.) wide lateral opening that runs the full length of the ridge of each building's roof. A programmable controller governs the movement of the buildings and performs constant checks on the system's status. This facility incorporates many features from other rainshelter designs that have performed satisfactorily. To our knowledge, it covers a larger area than any other previously constructed.
Gluon shadowing and jet quenching in A+A collisions at sqrt s =200A GeV.

The sensitivity of moderate ${\mathit{p}}_{\mathit{T}}$\ensuremath{\lesssim}8 GeV/c singles inclusive spectra in nuclear collisions to gluon shadowing and jet quenching is estimated using the higing Monte Carlo model. We show how the systematic study of the nuclear dependence of those spectra in p+A can be used to determine the magnitude of gluon shadowing and how the enhanced suppression in A+A would provide information on the energy-loss mechanisms in dense partonic matter.
Benign cystic mesothelioma

A 73-year-old man presented a 20-year history of recurrent, progressive, cystic lesions of the peritoneal surfaces which had necessitated two previous operations. Diffuse involvement of the peritoneum was observed at his most recent laparotomy and an attempt was made to excise as much mesothelial surface as possible. Benign cystic mesothelioma was diagnosed, based on the clinical behavior of the lesion and the presence of specific histologic and ultrastructural findings. While this lesion shares some histologic similarities with previously described peritoneal cysts, the ultrastructural demonstration of its mesothelial origin and its recurrent progressive behavior are without precedent.
Fostering Stability or Creating a Monster? The Rise of China and U.S. Policy toward East Asia

This article explores two starkly contrasting analytic approaches to assessing the performance of U.S. security strategy in East Asia since 1991: a positivesum approach, emphasizing the danger of security dilemmas and spirals of tension, and a zero-sum approach, emphasizing power competition and the long-term dangers posed by China's rise. In the policy world, the differences between these apparently irreconcilable perspectives are not so clear. Certain policies—for example, maintaining a strong U.S.-Japan alliance—flow from either logic. Moreover, each approach sometimes counsels counterintuitive policy prescriptions that are generally associated with the other. Relatively assertive U.S. security postures apparently have furthered positive-sum regional goals by catalyzing China to adopt reassuring policies toward its neighbors as a hedge against potential U.S. encirclement. From a zero-sum perspective, the United States often competes more effectively for regional influence by cooperating with China than...
Geographic structure and dynamics of coevolutionary selection

Coevolution of species is one of the major processes organizing the Earth's biodiversity. Recent coevolutionary theory has indicated that the geographic structure of species has the potential to impose powerful and continuing effects on coevolutionary dynamics, if that structure creates selection mosaics and coevolutionary hotspots across landscapes. Here we confirm that current coevolutionary selection in interspecific interactions can be highly divergent across both narrow and broad geographic scales, thereby fueling continuing coevolution of taxa. Study of a widespread plant insect interaction across a broad range of habitats for several years showed that an insect functioning both as a pollinator and a floral parasite can be strongly mutualistic in some habitats but commensal or antagonistic in neighbouring habitats. The results for one of the habitats span seven years, demonstrating that the local structure of coevolutionary selection can remain stable across multiple generations. Conservation of the evolutionary processes maintaining long-term biological diversity may require preservation of the conditions that allow a long-term shifting geographic mosaic of coevolutionary hotspots and coldspots.
The Bikinians: A Transplanted Population

The world at large first learned of Bikini on January 24, 1946, when the U.S. Navy Department announced that the Joint Chiefs of Staff had selected an atoll in the northern Marshall Islands as the site for an experimental explosion of two atomic bombs. Two weeks later the U.S.S. Sumner dropped anchor in Bikini lagoon and commenced charting shoal areas and blasting coral obstructions to make way for the target fleet to be assembled. One hundred and sixtyseven Marshallese inhabitants of Bikini began to comprehend the full import of this activity on February 10 when the military governor of the Marshalls and his staff arrived by air from Kwajalein to explain about Operation Crossroads and to secure the islanders' assent to their evacuation from Bikini in the interests of U.S. national security.
In Vitro Studies on Delayed Allergy to Pine Pollen

ConclusionsGuinea pigs were sensitized by injections of whole or ground pine pollen or extracts of pollen incorporated into incomplete or complete Freund adjuvant. Intradermal tests and macrophage inhibition tests were carried out to detect delayed hypersensitivity to pollen and tuberculin. Sensitization with pollen antigen in complete Freund adjuvant resulted in dermal and cellular sensitivity to pollen and tuberculin. With other methods of sensitization dermal sensitivity to pine pollen was present in a certain proportion of animals the first few weeks after injection. With one exception, cellular sensitivity to pollen extract was restricted to the first month of sensitization. It was concluded that lipids present in whole pollen did not act as adjuvant to induce delayed allergy to pollen proteins.
Brain scanning in childhood

Radioisotope scanning is of value in the diagnosis and localization of brain tumorsand other nonneoplastic intracranial lesions, but it is utilized much less frequently in children than in adult patients, and its role as a neurodiagnostic adjunct in pediatric medicine is not completely defined. This report reviews the results of brain scanning with radioactive mercury and radioiodinated human serum albumin in 50 children. The indications, particular usefulness, and limitations of this procedure are discussed.
Analysis of polymer membrane formation through spinodal decomposition. II: Effect of Flory‐Huggins enthalpic and entropic contributions

The phenomenological analysis of the thermal inversion membrane formation through spinodal decomposition was further developed to include enthalpic and entropic contributions to the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter. We found that material and processing conditions can be lumped into two parameters. One is the Deborah Number, De, which takes into account the thermal quenching relative to the phase separation induction time. The other one, designated as an e-parameter, takes into account the quenching temperature relative to the spinodal temperature and the ratio of the enthalpic to the entropic contributions to the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter. From the model system, we found that the dimensionless interdomain distance, δ, as a function of 1/De (which is proportional to the cooling rate) falls in a relatively narrow banded region for all practical values of e. As 1/De approaches infinity, δ is asymptotic up to maximum value of 3.5. This means that membranes made under applicable conditions will have a ratio of pore sizes of no more than 3.5. Other assumptions of the model are: (1) the mobility is temperature-independent; (2) the mutual diffusivity is a linear function of temperature; and (3) the thermal history (Temperature vs. Time), can be represented as two successive linear functions.
A comparison of factor structures of the WISC and WISC‐R

The present study compared two- and three-factor solutions for the 12 subtests of both the WISC and WISC-R for a sample of 164 black, white, and Latino children aged 7 to 15 referred to school psychologists because of concerns about their intellectual ability. The results indicated that the factor structures of the WISC and WISC-R for the same group of subjects are quite similar. They are almost identical in the factors of verbal comprehension and perceptual organization. However, a difference was noted in the third factor of freedom from distractibility.
Autoreactive antibodies raised by self derived de novo peptides can identify unrelated antigens on protein microarrays. Are autoantibodies really autoantibodies

The development of arrays of human proteins has been a huge boon to the search for autoantibody diagnostics. Typically, slides with thousands of recombinant human proteins arrayed in an addressable fashion are incubated with sera from diseased or normal people. If an antibody binds a protein more in the diseased than in the normal cohort it is considered an autoantibody response. It is usually presumed that the autoantibody was elicited by the protein bound on the array. However, our studies using human protein and random peptide arrays indicate that antibody specificity may not be as high as commonly thought. Therefore we have tested the assumption of the source of autoantibodies. One test was to generate antibodies to two totally random peptides and bind these antibodies to a human protein array. One of the antibodies generated bound two human proteins. A second test was to generate an antibody to a frameshift peptide occurring in cancers. This antibody also bound several proteins on the array. We conclude that one should be cautious about assuming a particular autoantibody target on an array which elicited the original immune response.
Formaldehyde and organic molecule production in astrophysical ices at cryogenic temperatures.

Thermally promoted formaldehyde (H2CO) reactions in cryogenic ices have been studied to test their importance as a source of organic molecules in comets and interstellar ices. Ices containing H2CO, H2O, CH3OH, CO, and NH3 were investigated by using infrared spectroscopy. Small traces of NH3 (NH3/H2CO equal to or greater than 0.005) are sufficient to convert significant fractions (40 percent or greater) of the H2CO into more complex organics. However, H2CO reactions do not proceed without NH3. Spectral evidence for reaction onset appeared between 40 and 80 K, depending on the ice. Five distinct products were formed. These principally consist of polyoxymethylene and related derivatives. Polyoxymethylene itself was not made in significant amounts in cometary analogs. These products differ from those produced by ultraviolet and particle irradiation. The nature and relative amounts of the products depend on the initial composition, making these materials excellent tracers of a comet's history. About 3 percent of the organics in p-Halley's coma could have been produced by thermal H2CO reactions.
The role of thromboxane in experimental inadvertent intra-arterial drug injections

Inadvertent intra-arterial injection of drugs produces a well-defined clinical syndrome whose pathophysiology remains unclear. This study was designed to determine the role of the inflammatory mediator, thromboxane, in intra-arterial drug injections. The rabbit ear model, as described by Kinmonth and Sheppard, was used. Five of the experimental groups were treated with specific or nonspecific thromboxane blocking agents and two groups served as controls. Immunohistochemical staining of the control ears showed elevated levels of thromboxane within the first 6 hours postinjury. The specific thromboxane blocking agents, methimazole and Aloe vera , showed almost complete blockade of thromboxane production. The percentage of ear survival was significantly greater in the group treated with topical Aloe vera ( p Aloe vera /methimazole group ( p
Bonding of Cu-based high aspect ratio microscale structures with Sn intermediate layers

Simple and effective protocols for bonding Cu-based high-aspect-ratio microscale structures (HARMSs) are essential for assembly of Cu-based microdevices. In this paper, Cu-to-Cu bonding with thin intermediate layers of elemental Sn is explored. Bonding quality is assessed through quantitative evaluation of tensile bond strength as a function of bonding parameters such as temperature and applied pressure. Structural examination of the Cu/Sn/Cu interface region is accomplished by combining focused ion beam sectioning and imaging with ion-induced secondary electrons. Successful bonding of Cu-based HARMSs to flat Cu plates with Sn intermediate layers is demonstrated, as well as assembly of all-Cu microfluidic prototypes.
Four miniature kidneys: supernumerary kidney and multiple organ system anomalies

Summary More than 350 years after Martius's first reported case in 1656, supernumerary kidney (SNK) continues to fascinate the world of medicine, generating new ideas in the domain of embryogenesis. Association of a normal kidney with a second or third ipsilateral smaller kidney is an extremely rare anomaly with only a total of 81 cases reported until today. We are reporting a case of SNK, clinically diagnosed as right hydronephrosis, associated with an ipsilateral ectopic ureter, a contralateral partially duplicated ureter, and a multiseptate gallbladder. Pathologic examination of the nephrectomy revealed 4 miniature kidneys, joining a dilated ureter through 4 separate conduits. Our patient is the first reported case of SNK with absent ipsilateral normal kidney, presence of more than 3 kidneys on 1 side, and associated anomaly in the gallbladder. This case represents a unique combination of rarities, suggesting insights in the domain of molecular embryology.
IS EVERY MATRIX SIMILAR TO A TOEPLITZ MATRIX

Abstract We show that every n×n complex nonderogatory matrix is similar to a unique unit upper Hessenberg Toeplitz matrix. The proof is constructive, and can be adapted to nonderogatory matrices with entries in any field of characteristic zero or characteristic greater than n . We also prove that every n×n complex matrix with n⩽4 is similar to a Toeplitz matrix.
Detection of surface differences between closely related cell populations by partitioning. Cultured K-562 cell sublines.

The K-562 cell line is a culture of human leukemia stem cells originally derived from a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis. We have applied a sensitive method capable of detecting subtle differences in charge-associated and noncharge-related cell surface properties between closely related cell populations to K-562 cells from different sources and having different histories. The method consists of isotopically labeling aliquots of each of two cell populations to be compared with51Cr-chromate and mixing the labeled cells with an excess of unlabeled cells with which they are to be compared. The mixtures are subjected to countercurrent distribution in either a charge-sensitive or a noncharge-sensitive dextran-poly(ethylene glycol) aqueous two-phase system. The distribution curves are analyzed for total cells (in terms of electronic counts) and labeled cells (in terms of cpm). Alterations in relative specific activities through the distribution curves are indicative of differences in surface properties between such cell populations. Using this method we have found surface differences, both charge-associated and noncharge-related, betweenany two K-562 cell sublines examined. Interestingly, whereas we observed differences among K-562 sublines, we never witnessed a change in surface properties of the respective sublines. The differences among the sublines examined remained unaltered for more than 40 passages in our hands. It thus appears likely that the event(s) leading to an altered K-562 cell surface, detectable by partitioning, does not occur gradually.
The role of non-verbal working memory in pedestrian visual search

Visual search skills are important for safe pedestrian decision-making. Previous literature has used basic measures of attention-to-traffic and made some progress in linking cognition with pedestrian visual search. However, much remains to be discovered about what stimuli pedestrians actually attend to or which cognitive processing abilities are involved. We examined the unique contribution of spatial and visual working memory in pedestrian visual search. A sample of 21 undergraduates and 40 children participated in a spatial working memory task and computerized visual search task. Eye movements were recorded throughout the visual search task to obtain pedestrian scanning behaviors. Developmental differences were found in working memory and pedestrian visual search. Working memory also explained a significant amount of variance for a number of visual search indices. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed and future directions are suggested.
The subgroup generated by the involutions in a compact ring

If A is a compact ring with identity and G is the group of units in A, an element g in G is an involution of A if g 2 = 1. Let ▵ denote the set of involutions in A and let W be the subgroup of G generated by ▵. Given g ∊ W, the lengthl (g), of g is the smallest positive integer m such that there exist . It is shown that W is compact if and only if there exists a positive integer m such that l(g),≤ m for all g in W. Moreover if A is a compact semisimple ring or if A is a compact ring such that 2 is a unit in A and the Jacobson radical J of A contains no nonzero algebraic nilpotent element, then l(g),≤ 4 for all g in W. Furthermore in the latter casel(g) = 1 for all g in W if and only if A/J is isomorphic to a product of finite fields, each having odd characteristic. In general ▵ is either finite or uncountable. If W is finitely generated, ten W is finite. It is also shown that in n is an odd integer greater than 3, then W is not isomorphic to the dihedral group Dn, However, for each prime p greater than 3,...
CD4-Induced Activation in a Soluble HIV-1 Env Trimer

The HIV envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer undergoes receptor-induced conformational changes that drive fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. Env conformational changes have been observed using low-resolution electron microscopy, but only large-scale rearrangements have been visible. Here, we use hydrogen-deuterium exchange and oxidative labeling to gain a more precise understanding of the unliganded and CD4-bound forms of soluble Env trimers (SOSIP.664), including their glycan composition. CD4 activation induces the reorganization of bridging sheet elements, V1/V2 and V3, much of the gp120 inner domain, and the gp41 fusion subunit. Two CD4 binding site-targeted inhibitors have substantially different effects: NBD-556 partially mimics CD4-induced destabilization of the V1/V2 and V3 crown, whereas BMS-806 only affects regions around the gp120/gp41 interface. The structural information presented here increases our knowledge of CD4- and small molecule-induced conformational changes in Env and the allosteric pathways that lead to membrane fusion.
On the magneto-resistance effect in single crystals of cadmium

A method of growing single-crystal resistance specimens free, to a large extent, from strains and impurities is described. The magneto-resistance effect in cadmium single crystals has been studied in some detail at the temperature of liquid nitrogen, using sufficiently high magnetic fields to observe the linear effect found by Kapitza. Although it proved impossible, in general, to determine the orientation of individual crystals, the experiments suggest that the “critical field” of the linear effect is dependent on the orientation of the crystal with respect to the current and magnetic field, and not on the perfection of the crystal lattice.
Representation, symbolization, and affect regulation in the concomitant treatment of a mother and child: Attachment theory and child psychotherapy

(1999). Representation, symbolization, and affect regulation in the concomitant treatment of a mother and child: Attachment theory and child psychotherapy. Psychoanalytic Inquiry: Vol. 19, Attachment Research and Psychoanalysis: 2. Clinical Implications, pp. 797-830.
CATEGORY ACCESSIBILITY, RATINGS OF PROTOTYPICALITY, AND PERCEPTIONS OF MANAGERIAL ROLE ATTRIBUTES

The hypothesis that people have differential access (as measured by decision-processing time) to descriptive categories of what is applicable to male and female managers, who were effective or ineffective, was tested. A list of adjectives was presented sequentially on a CRT screen to 96 participants (48 men and 48 women, students and university employees), who evaluated each item as to “how characteristic” or “how uncharacteristic” the adjective was in describing a male or female effective (ineffective) manager. “How characteristic,” or rated prototypicality and decision-time were dependent measures. Analysis indicated that sex of target had little influence on either rated prototypicality or decision times when performance information was presented. Differences in correlations between decision times and prototypicality ratings varied primarily with the manipulation of effectiveness.
Power Cycles, Risk Propensity, and Great-Power Deterrence

The theory of power cycles contends that the growth and decline of national power holds the key to understanding the occurrence of extensive wars. Certain critical points in a state’s power trajectory are especially dangerous occasions for such armed clashes. The power cycles of nine major states during the period from 1816 to 1995 are examined, and prospect theory is used to derive expectations about the risk propensity of states during different periods in their power cycle. These expectations are in turn applied to an analysis of deterrence encounters among the major states. Results show that critical points tend to incline states to initiate deterrence confrontations and escalate them to war. Democratic states, however, are less susceptible to these tendencies than authoritarian ones. Results also show that changes in power trajectories do affect the occurrence and outcome of deterrence encounters among the great powers.