cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Factor Structure of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in Orthopedic Trauma Patients

Background: Many instruments exist to assess mental disorders and anxiety, such as the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). Nothing has been evaluated on the HADS factor structure for use with orthopedic trauma patients. The aim of this study was to validate the underlying structure of the HADS. Specifically, we sought to understand which of the factor structures found in the literature is appropriate for the orthopedic trauma patient population. Methods: This study included 348 patients with an average age of 49.8 years (SD: 18.4; range: 18 - 95). Confirmatory data analysis was performed to analyze the latent structure of the HADS. Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used to compare all the models, with the lowest AIC being the best fitting model. Results: We found that both the anxiety and the depression factors were highly correlated (with Pearson correlations greater than 0.700). After removing one item from each subscale, we found that a two-factor model was the best fitting one (AIC: 8,298.901); all other models had an AIC over 10,000. Conclusion: Our results support a satisfactory two-factor structure for the HADS in the orthopedic trauma patients. Further studies are needed to test for higher factor structures in larger samples and in a different population. J Clin Med Res. 2015;7(6):453-459 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jocmr2140w
Memory for explicit and implicit information in picture stories

The nature of the memory representation of two types of information in picture stories is examined: surface information, arising directly from pictures which occur in the stories, and conceptual information, easily inferable when integrating the pictures into a connected story, but arising potentially also from pictures not in the stories. Differences in accessibility to these representations are inferred from reaction time differences. Results indicate that the observer makes, while viewing, inferences necessary to form a coherent story, that he rejects improbable pictures, that for at least three days he can separate pictures whose meaning fits the story but which he has not seen from pictures he actually saw; and that he answers written questions about the story's meaning from a conceptual rather than a surface memory representation.
Steroid hormones in the ovarian blood of the laying Turkey

In the present study estrone, estradiol, progesterone, the two 20-dihydroprogesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and testosterone were isolated for the first time from the ovarian plasma of laying turkey hens. The isolated steroids were identified by comparing their chromatographic mobilities in thin-layer, liquid, and gas-liquid chromatography and, when sufficient material was isolated, by combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Exotic species in large lakes of the world

Abstract Many of the large lakes of the world have been exposed to the introduction of exotic species. We have reviewed here the introduction of aquatic species in 18 large lakes on five continents (Laurentian Great Lakes, African Great Lakes, several Canadian lakes, Lake Titicaca, Lake Baikal, Lake Ladoga, Gatun Lake, and Lake Biwa). We found that human activities, social preferences, and policy decisions are often associated with the spread of species in these large lakes. However, the spread and resulting ecological effects of introduced species varied among the case studies reviewed (ranging from the failure of brown trout introduction in Lake Titicaca to successful introduction of Nile Perch in Lake Victoria). Those species that did establish successful populations often had major impacts upon the ecosystems of these lakes via a variety of processes, including predation, disturbance, habitat modification and competition. Although introduction of predators often negatively impacted native species (e.g. Nile perch in Lake Victoria, peacock bass in Lake Gatun), species introduced to lower trophic levels (e.g. sardine in Lakes Kariba and Kivu, rainbow smelt in Canadian Lakes) affected fisheries and altered food web structure as well. Exotic species in large lakes of the world were not limited to fish species: plants (e.g. in Lakes Baikal and Biwa), invertebrates (e.g. in Lake Ladoga), and parasites and pathogens (e.g. in Lake Titicaca) have been introduced, but it was often difficult to discern the food web and ecosystem effects of these organisms. Exotic species also impacted socio-economic systems, having both positive (e.g. Lakes Victoria, Titicaca, Kivu, and Kariba, and the Laurentian Great Lakes) and negative (e.g. Lakes Victoria and Titicaca, and the Laurentian Great Lakes) repercussions for humans who depended upon these lakes for food and income. Unfortunately, our understanding of the impacts and extent of introductions on large lake ecosystems often remains speculative at best. The introduction and spread of exotic species will continue to threaten large lakes of the world into the twenty-first century. Exotic species introductions are a global problem that deserves global attention and understanding.
Orthodontic care for underserved patients: professional attitudes and behavior of orthodontic residents and orthodontists

Abstract Objectives: To explore whether orthodontic residents and orthodontists differ in their attitudes and behavior concerning the treatment of underserved patients and to investigate how background factors such as the providers' gender, ethnicity/race, and age affect these attitudes and behavior. Materials and Methods: Survey data were collected from 135 residents in US and Canadian graduate orthodontic programs and from 568 active members of the American Association of Orthodontists. Attitudes toward various aspects of treating underserved patients were rated on a five-point scale, with 1 indicating the most negative attitude and 5 indicating the most positive. Results: Orthodontic residents had more positive attitudes about treating poor patients (3.02 vs 1.99; P < .001), pro bono cases (3.87 vs. 3.45; P < .001), and patients with craniofacial anomalies (3.64 vs 3.01; P < .001) or mental retardation (3.13 vs 2.72; P < .001) than orthodontists. However, compared to orthodontists, lower percentages of...
Limit Pressures of Cylindrical and Spherical Shells

Tresca limit pressures for long cylindrical shells and complete spherical shells subjected to arbitrary pressure, and several approximations to the exact limit pressures for limited pressure ranges, are derived. The results are compared with those in Section III-Subsection NB and in Section VIII-Division 2 of the ASME B&PV Code. It is found that in Section VIII-Division 2 the formulas agree with the derived limit pressures and their approximations, but that in Section III-Subsection NB the formula for spherical shells is different from the derived approximation to the limit pressure. The length effect on the limit pressure is investigated for cylindrical shells with simply supported ends. A geometric parameter that expresses the length effect is determined. A formula and its limit of validity are derived for an assessment of the length effect on the limit pressures.
Origin of the Canyon Diablo No. 2 and No. 3 Meteorites

Origin of Canyon Diablo no. 2 and no. 3 meteorites from one parent body concluded from cosmogenic rare gas distributions
Chronic opioid antagonist treatment: assessment of receptor upregulation

Changes in specific brain opioid binding and opioid pharmacodynamics were determined in mice treated with the opioid antagonist naltrexone (subcutaneously implanted pellets) for 8 days. Chronic opioid antagonist treatment increased the number of binding sites (upregulation) for [3H]naloxone (+55%) and [3H][D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin (+41%) but did not alter the affinity of the ligands, as determined in saturation studies. Displacement studies of [3H]naloxone by morphine also indicated that there was no change in morphine's affinity. In vivo estimation of naloxone affinity (pA2), agreed with the in vitro results indicating that chronic naltrexone treatment did not alter naloxone affinity. Chronic naltrexone treatment (0.5, 1.0, 15.0 mg pellets) increased the analgesic potency of morphine (supersensitivity) in a dose-dependent manner, up to a maximal increase in relative potency of 1.8. However, in mice tested with the naltrexone pellets still implanted, the 15 mg naltrexone pellet was able to shift the dose-response function for morphine analgesia more than 300-fold. The lowest dose naltrexone pellet (0.5 mg), produced significant antagonism of morphine analgesia, but did not produce significant supersensitivity. Thus, supersensitivity and upregulation are not proportional to the degree of antagonism of opioid effects; and supersensitivity in the mouse is related to increased binding sites and not to changes in receptor affinity as determined by in vivo and in vitro methods.
Research and development of solar cookers in China

Abstract The paper discusses the achievements and progress made by Chinese scientists and researchers on design theory and testing methods for point-focusing solar cookers through joint key-task efforts, R&D of solar cookers and their reflecting materials and cooking utensils, etc. The paper also analyses and evaluates the present research level of point-focusing solar cookers and puts forward the major technical specifications and property parameters.
American College Health Association Annual Pap Test and Sexually Transmitted Infection Survey: 2006.

Objective: The authors describe the cervical cytology and sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing patterns of US college health centers. Participants and Methods: A total of 128 self-selected US college health centers—representing more than 2 million college students—completed an online survey during February and March 2007. Results: Almost 13% of cervical cytology results were abnormal; most of these were atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. In women, 2.9% of chlamydia tests and 0.4% of gonorrhea tests were positive. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis tests were positive in 0.1% and 0.3% of students tested, respectively. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) accounted for 59.9% of genital herpes infections. Conclusions: College health centers are important sources for Pap and STI test data. Pap tests frequently yield low-grade abnormalities, and screening tests for chlamydia and especially gonorrhea are infrequently positive....
Adolescent female with abdominal distention.

A 14-year-old girl presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with 2 weeks of abdominal swelling and epigastric pain. She had a history of obesity, but noted an additional 14-kg weight gain over the preceding 2 months. Abdominal examination revealed an obese female with mild abdominal distention. The abdomen was diffusely firm and nodular to palpation, with mild generalized tenderness. A pelvic examination was not performed. Laboratory testing including a complete blood count, serum creatinine, electrolyte panel, urinalysis, and urine human chorionic gonadotropin was unremarkable. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a 28 28 18-cm cystic mass arising from the left ovary (Figures 1–4). Gynecology was consulted and the patient was scheduled for outpatient surgical resection. Exploratory laparotomy with resection of the abdominal mass and left salpingooophorectomy was performed several days after the ED visit. Pathology revealed a mucinous cystadenoma of ovarian origin. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course, and was discharged home on postoperative day 2 in good condition.
Molecular evolution of the human adult alpha-globin-like gene region: insertion and deletion of Alu family repeats and non-Alu DNA sequences.

Abstract Previous heteroduplex studies have revealed extensive sequence homology between the two human adult alpha-globin-like genes (alpha 2 and alpha 1) and their flanking regions. These homologous regions, which are interrupted by two blocks of nonhomology, each span approximately 4 kilobases [Lauer, J., Shen, C.-K. J. & Maniatis, T. (1980) Cell 20, 119-130]. We have determined 3 kilobases of DNA sequences within and flanking the nonhomologous blocks of these two tandem duplication units. A total of three Alu family repeats has been identified. Two of them are approximately 300 base pairs long and define the 3' ends of the first homology blocks. The third Alu family member is a 600-base-pair-long sequence consisting of two monomeric Alu members arranged in a head-to-tail fashion. It is located in the 3' portion of the first block of nonhomology in alpha 2-gene-containing unit. We present direct evidence that this dimeric Alu sequence was inserted at a staggered break. The second nonhomology block is the result of insertion or deletion of a 224-base-pair sequence. From these data and the calculation of sequence divergence, we propose a history for the evolution of the human adult alpha-globin-like gene region. We also suggest that DNA insertion elements may disrupt gene correction processes in the two duplication units containing alpha 2- and alpha 1-globin genes.
Performance modeling of critical event management for ubiquitous computing applications

A generic theoretical framework for managing critical events in ubiquitous computing systems is presented. The main idea is to automatically respond to occurrences of critical events in the system and mitigate them in a timely manner. This is different from traditional fault-tolerance schemes, where fault management is performed only after system failures. To model the critical event management, the concept of criticality, which characterizes the effects of critical events in the system, is defined. Each criticality is associated with a timing requirement, called its window-of-opportunity, that needs to be fulfilled in taking mitigative actions to prevent system failures. This is in addition to any application-level timing requirements.The criticality management framework analyzes the concept of criticality in detail and provides conditions which need to be satisfied for a successful multiple criticality management in a system. We have further simulated a criticality aware system and its results conform to the expectations of the framework.
The responses to various stimuli of microfilariae of Dirofilaria corynodes, of Dipetalonema marmosetae and of unidentified species of filariae in Saimiri sciureus and Cacajao monkeys.

Abstract Hawking F. 1973. The responses to various stimuli of microfilariae of Dirofilaria corynodes , of Dipetalonema marmosetae and of unidentified species of filariae in Saimiri sciureus and Cacajao monkeys. International Journal for Parasitology 3 : 433–439. A study was made of the responses of the microfilariae of Dirofilaria corynodes , of Dipetalonema marmosetae and of three unknown filariae in Saimiri sciureus and of three other unknown ones in Cacajao rubicundus , to various stimuli applied to the host. These stimuli included exposure of the host to high oxygen or to hypoxia, intravenous injection of acetylcholine or serotonin, and alteration of body temperature. One of the unidentified microfilariae of S. sciureus was thermosensitive and its 24 h cycle is probably controlled by the temperature cycle of its host. The microfilaria of D. corynodes was liberated from the lungs by intravenous injection of acetylcholine and serotonin, thus resembling the microfilariae of D. immitis and D. repens .
A Survey of Multihoming Technology in Stub Networks: Current Research and Open Issues

Multihoming technology can be traced back to the 1980s or even earlier, but it seldom drew much attention from the research community. Recently, with the explosive deployment of multihoming on the Internet, researchers have started to investigate the issues that were raised by multihoming networks. This article draws an overall picture of multihoming technology, presents current research on multihoming networks, and discusses the issues that must be studied in the future
Mitochondrial morphology in metabolic diseases.

Significance: Mitochondria are the cellular energy-producing organelles and are at the crossroad of determining cell life and death. As such, the function of mitochondria has been intensely studied in metabolic disorders, including diabetes and associated maladies commonly grouped under all-inclusive pathological condition of metabolic syndrome. More recently, the altered metabolic profiles and function of mitochondria in these ailments have been correlated with their aberrant morphologies. This review describes an overview of mitochondrial fission and fusion machineries, and discusses implications of mitochondrial morphology and function in these metabolic maladies. Recent Advances: Mitochondria undergo frequent morphological changes, altering the mitochondrial network organization in response to environmental cues, termed mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial fission and fusion mediate morphological plasticity of mitochondria and are controlled by membrane-remodeling mechanochemical enzymes and accessory proteins. Growing evidence suggests that mitochondrial dynamics play an important role in diabetes establishment and progression as well as associated ailments, including, but not limited to, metabolism–secretion coupling in the pancreas, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Critical Issues: While mitochondrial dynamics are intimately associated with mitochondrial bioenergetics, their cause-and-effect correlation remains undefined in metabolic diseases. Future Directions: The involvement of mitochondrial dynamics in metabolic diseases is in its relatively early stages. Elucidating the role of mitochondrial dynamics in pathological metabolic conditions will aid in defining the intricate form–function correlation of mitochondria in metabolic pathologies and should provide not only important clues to metabolic disease progression, but also new therapeutic targets. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 19, 415–430.
Szasz on Contract, Liberty and Autonomy

. Thomas Szasz, psychiatrist and philosopher, in many books and articles has sought to delineate a theory of personal conduct and social interaction based on individual freedom of choice. Using psychiatric issues as his basis, he asserts that freedom of contract is essential to liberty and autonomy, and that contractual consent must be “informed” in a legal sense. But the mere fact of choice is not sufficient for the individual's humanity and autonomy. For “informed” consent, even a non-paternalistic State must be an active State, establishing the general norms even of the psychiatrist-patient relationship, making explicit and maintaining the “implied terms” that must surround all contracts, including the education and social competence necessary for making them.
Commercial scale pulsed electric field processing of tomato juice.

Effects of commercial scale pulsed electric field (PEF) processing on the quality of tomato juice were studied and compared with those of thermal processing. Tomato juice was prepared by hot break at 88 degrees C for 2 min or by cold break at 68 degrees C for 2 min and then thermally processed at 92 degrees C for 90 s or PEF processed at 40 kV/cm for 57 micros. Thermally processed, PEF processed, and unprocessed control juices were packed into 50 mL sterilized polypropylene tubes in a sanitary glovebox and stored at 4 degrees C for 112 days. Both thermally and PEF processed juices showed microbial shelf life at 4 degrees C for 112 days. The lipoxygenase activities of thermally and PEF processed juices were 0 and 47%, respectively. PEF processed juice retained more ascorbic acid than thermally processed juice at 4 degrees C for 42 days (p 0.05). Sensory evaluations indicated that flavor and overall acceptability of PEF processed juice were preferred to those of thermally processed juice (p < 0.05).
Effects of intravenous and oral verapamil upon pressor and adrenal steroidogenic responses in normal man.

Slow channel calcium antagonists inhibit in vitro both vascular smooth muscle contraction and adrenal steroidogenesis. We assessed the effects of one of these drugs, verapamil, upon pressor responses and increments in plasma steroid concentrations to adrenal trophic factors in normal volunteers. Given acutely iv, verapamil in amounts sufficient to produce plasma concentrations of approximately 200 ng/ml significantly blunted the pressor action of angiotensin II in six normal subjects but did not alter increments in plasma aldosterone or cortisol in response to either angiotensin or ACTH compared to paired control studies. When verapamil was given orally (120 mg three times daily for 5 days), the plasma concentrations were equivalent to those after iv administration of the drug in six other volunteers, and verapamil again significantly blunted pressor responses to angiotensin II and norepinephrine. Oral verapamil also blunted the increments in plasma aldoster-one to angiotensin and cortisol to ACTH, but di...
Sodium intake and renal responses to captopril in normal man and in essential hypertension.

Sodium intake and renal responses to captopril in normal man and in essential hypertension. We assessed the renal vascular and functional response to converting enzyme inhibition with captopril in 53 normal subjects and 78 patients with essential hypertension, all studied when in balance on either a 10- or 200-mEq sodium and 100-mEq potassium intake. Mean renal blood flow, assessed with radioxenon, showed a dose and time-related increase in normal subjects on a restricted sodium intake. Mean renal blood flow, assessed with radioxenon, showed a dose- and time-related increase in normal subjects on a restricted sodium intake; 10- and 25-mg oral captopril doses induced an identical peak response (92 ± 8 and 83 ± 12 ml/100 g/min, respectively), which reached a plateau within 30min. A smaller but significant blood flow increase occurred in the normal subjects on a high sodium intake (45 ± 16 and 46 ± 18 ml/100 g/min, respectively). Patients with essential hypertension showed a potentiated increase in renal blood flow on both the low sodium (132 ± 6 ml/100 g/min) and high sodium intake (82 ± 14 ml/100 g/min). Creatinine clearance fell in normal subjects, but in patients with essential hypertension, in whom creatinine clearance either did not change, or in 8 patients whose creatinine clearance was below normal, it rose by 20 ± 8 ml/min/1.73m 2 (P Ingestion de sodium et reponse renale au captopril chez l'homme normal et au cours de l'hypertension essentielle. Nous avons evalue la reponse vasculaire et fonctionnelle du rein a l'inhibition de l'enzyme de conversion par le captopril chez 53 sujets normaux et 78 malades atteints d'hypertension essentielle, tous etudies alors qu'ils etaient soumis a un apport de 10 ou 200mEq de sodium et 100mEq de potassium. Le debit sanguin renal moyen, evalue par le radioxenon, a montre une augmentation fonction de la dose et du temps chez les sujets normaux soumis a une restriction de sodium. Des doses de 10 et 25mg de captopril ont determine un pic de reponse identique (92 ± 8 et 83 ± 12 ml/100 g/min, respectivement), puis un plateau atteint en 30 minutes. Une augmentation du debit sanguin plus faible mais significative est intervenue chez les sujets normaux soumis a l'apport eleve de sodium (45 ± 16 et 46 ± 18 ml/100 g/min). Les malades atteints d'hypertension essentielle avaient une augmentation du debit sanguin renal aussi bien avec le regime pauvre (132 ± 6 ml/100 g/min) qu'avec le regime riche (82 ± 14 ml/100 g/min). La clearance de la creatinine a diminue chez les sujets normaux mais pas chez les malades atteints d'hypertension essentielle, chez lesquels elle n'a pas change ou bien a augmente, cela chez 8 malades dont les clearances de la creatinine etaient inferieures aux valeurs normales, de 20 ± 8 ml/min/1.73m 2 (P
Crosslinked iron oxides (CLIO): a new platform for the development of targeted MR contrast agents.

Monodisperse iron oxide nanoparticles (MION) has long been used in MR contrast agent research and is currently used in initial clinical trials. Chemically MION consists of a superparamagnetic iron oxide core, 3-5nm in size, and a thick coating of dextran (approximately 5-10nm in size). In order to further stabilize this compound we have reacted MION with epichlorohydrin and ammonia. Epichlorohydrin is a crosslinking agent used in the manufacture of dextran particles that connects the partly “free floating” dextran chain around the iron core. Thus, the iron becomes completely caged and the new compound called CLIO (crosslinked iron oxides) chemically stable. As the amino groups of the dextran chains become functionalized and nucleophilic, they can be used for further conjugation chemistry—we have called this compound CLIO-NH2. Especially, molecules containing sulfhydryl groups (e.g.: transferrin, bombesin) can be easily conjugated to CLIO-NH2. To show the capabilities of this new platform for targeted MR contrast agents we conjugated tat-peptides (tat is known to enable fast transport into nuclei and can be used for cell loading and labeling as well as cell trafficking studies) onto the CLIO-compound by various bifunctional reagents, such as succinimydliodoacetate. As the chemical structure of CLIO-NH2 and MION are very similar, and MION is already in clinical use, we hypothesize that the biological and physical properties of these two compounds are nearly the same, and thus, any experimental data using CLIO can be applied to a clinical setting. On the other hand, we think that the biological behavior of CLIO is altered by conjugated peptides, such as tat (CLIO-tat).
Outcrop‐scale physical properties of Burns Formation at Meridiani Planum, Mars

[1] A rock mass rating (RMR) analysis was performed on an outcrop of Burns Formation at Meridiani Planum, Mars. RMR values were calculated for the present dry conditions (RMR = 63) and past wet conditions (RMR = 52). For present-day dry conditions, the rock mass has an in situ modulus of deformation (E*) of 21.1 GPa, cohesive strength (C*0) of 4.64 MPa, and tensile strength (T*0) of −0.24 MPa. These values were reduced by at most ∼50% during previous water-saturated conditions. The critical grain crushing pressure (P*) for dry conditions is 19.5 GPa, with an uncertainty of about an order of magnitude. Analysis of the rover observations indicates that the physical properties of Burns Formation are in the range of analogous terrestrial porous rock masses such as sandstone and shale.
On the mechanism of substitution of hydridopentacarbonylmanganese(I)

Abstract The reaction of HMn(CO) 5 with tributylphossphine, triphenylphosphine, triphenylarsine or CO has been studied in hexane solution. Difficulties in obtaining reproducible kinetics data were encountered due to contributions from a radical chain pathway caused by trace radical impurities. However, the substitution reactions appear to obey a rate law first order each in HMn(CO) 5 and ligand. The reacivities of the ligands toward HMn(CO) 5 vary in the order PBu 3 > PPh 3 >AsPh 3 ≌CO. Incorporation of 13 CO into HMn(CO) 5 via exchange was followed using changes in IR bands. The results of both substitution and exchange are consistent with the hydride migration mechanism, involving intermediate formation of a formyl species which undergoes rapid decarbonylation.
Coordinate positioning of MEF2 and myogenin binding sites

Abstract The MEF2 and MyoD families of transcriptional regulatory factors both play central roles in the terminal diffentiation of skeletal muscle. Further, binding sites for the two families often occur nearby, and there have been a number of indications that members of the two families may bind coordinately. The present study provides evidence that known binding sites for the two occur with precise geometric restrictions related to the DNA helical repeat unit, that pairs of putative sites following these restrictions are indicative of skeletal muscle-specific transcriptional regulatory regions, and that the geometric relationship can help provide a consistent interpretation for data that has until now been difficult to explain.
Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Thiocapsa roseopersicina

d-Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase has been purified 80-fold from malate-grown Thiocapsa roseopersicina by salting out the enzyme from the high-speed supernatant between 68–95% saturation with respect to (NH4)2SO4, gelfiltration through Sephadex G-100, and DEAE-cellulose chromatography followed by sedimentation into a 14–34% glycerol gradient. The specific activity of enzyme for the carboxylase reaction was 2.45 μmol RuBP-dependent CO2 fixed/min · mg protein (at pH 8.0 and 30° C) and for the oxygenase reaction was 0.23 μmol RuBP-dependent O2 consumed/min · mg protein (at pH 8.6, and 25° C). The enzyme, which was ultracentrifugally homogeneous in the presence of 4 and 10% v/v glycerol, was stable for at least one year at-80° C in the presence of 10% glycerol. S20, w values obtained in the presence of 4 and 10% glycerol were 19.3 and 16.2, respectively. The enzyme contained both large (53,000-daltons) and mixed small subunits (15,000- and 13,500-daltons).
Modifiable behavioral factors in a biopsychosocial model predict inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain

Abstract Objective The research addresses two questions: Are potentially modifiable psychosocial and behavioral factors related to gestational weight gain? Do the same factors relate to both excessive and insufficient weight gain? Design Prospective cohort study that followed women from early pregnancy until two years postpartum. Data were collected through mailed questionnaires and an audit of the medical record. Subjects/setting The sample included 622 healthy adult women who gave birth to live singleton infants. Subjects were recruited from all women who registered for prenatal care in a hospital and primary care clinic system serving a 10-county area of Upstate New York. Statistical analyses performed Multiple linear and logistic regression with adjustment for timing of measurements and length of gestation were performed. Results Only 38% of women gained an amount of weight in pregnancy that was within the range recommended by the Institute of Medicine. Valid and easily implemented measures of change in food intake and physical activity from prepregnancy and cigarette smoking during pregnancy were each significantly (P
The effect of wilting on the conversion of arginine, ornithine, and glutamate to proline in bean leaves

Abstract Radioactive glutamate, arginine, and ornithine were fed to bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) leaves which were then incubated in turgid and wilted conditions. Wilting caused an increase in proline synthesis from glutamate, but only when unlabeled glutamate was added along with [14C]glutamate to a concentration of 10 mM. When higher specific radioactivity glutamate was added to leaves, very little radioactivity was recovered in proline and no effect of wilting was observed. The addition of unlabeled glutamate slowed the rapid loss of exogenously added [14C]glutamate from leaves allowing detection of the water stress stimulation of its conversion to proline. Wilting stimulated the conversion of arginine and ornithine to proline and this was observed by 3 to 4 h after wilting, a time when proline accumulation is barely detectable. Measurements of the amount of loss of total arginine and of the amount of proline accumulated indicate that arginine cannot supply all the accumulating proline in wilted bean leaves, thus some must come from glutamate. The difference between these results and previous results with other species, notably barley, are discussed.
Organization, Sequence, and Function of 34.5 kb of Genomic DNA Encompassing Several Murine T-Cell Receptor α/δ Variable Gene Segments

A cosmid-bearing murine genomic DNA, encompassing several T-cell receptor variable [alpha]/[delta] gene segments, has been sequenced using shotgun DNA cloning methodology coupled with fluorescence-based high-throughput DNA sequencing technology. This region, spanning 34.5 kb, contains a pseudogene V[alpha] gene segment ([Psi]V[alpha]16.1), a V[delta] gene segment (V[delta]2), and a variable gene segment that has been reported to be expressed with both C[alpha] (V[alpha]6) and C[delta] (V[delta]3). Therefore, this cosmid is the ideal vehicle for examining the possible control sequences that may be involved in determining whether a V gene segment associates with either C[alpha] or C[delta]. Polymerase chain reaction experiments demonstrate that the two functional variable gene segments (V[delta] and V[alpha]/[delta]) are expressed individually with both C[alpha] and C[delta] genes as mRNA, indicating a permissiveness in their expression patterns. In addition, a variety of genomic sequence-related features have been identified. 52 refs., 4 figs.
Thyrotoxicosis following acute thyroiditis; a report of 5 cases.

In a recent clinical note Sheets (1) described a patient in whom hyper-thyroidism followed acute thyroiditis. This coincidence was considered sufficiently unusual to warrant a case report. Barr (2) in a recent papersaid, “we have found no record to indicate that in … thyroiditis, Graves'disease … has been an attributable sequel.” Since it was my impression that I had seen several examples of this coincidence of syndromes, these two papers served as a stimulus for a search through clinical records ofthe past ten years for patients in whom thyroiditis was followed by hyperthyroidism within the course of one year.
Renovation of the supervisory system in Salto Grande

In this paper the basic geographical distribution and topology of the Salto Grande Hydro-Electrical System are explained. Important aspects of the bid process for the acquisition of the new SCADA/EMS System are described, commenting on their impact on the selection of the contractor. An extensive training program was a fundamental part of the project and is fully described. As part of the project, a fully-functional, but limited ldquodevelopment systemrdquo was put in operation on-site. It was used for data base definition, display development and correction and also for extensive point to point testing, while the definitive system was still being configured in Factory. The adaptation of the old-technology control equipment to the RTUpsilas, and some of the most significant problems found during this long phase of the project are described. Experience gained during the implementation and checking of the functionalities, in factory and on-site are discussed. Finally, the most important and useful conclusions of the work done with this project are presented.
Canine behaviors associated with hypothyroidism.

Hypothyroidism is a relatively common canine endocrinopathy with clinical signs involving several different body systems. Many of these signs have a behavioral manifestation, including lethargy, cold intolerance, decreased libido, exercise intolerance, and weight gain. Recently, there have been anecdotal reports noting a potential relationship between hypothyroidism and canine aggression. In these circumstances, aggression may be the only presenting complaint with the animal often described as having developed a "grumpy" attitude. While the underlying basis of this association has not been determined, hypothyroidism-associated aggression should be considered a specific type of aggression that appears to respond well to thyroid hormone replacement therapy. In this Pearl of Veterinary Practice. Drs. Beaver and Haug use a case report to provide a clinical example of this unique manifestation of canine hypothyroidism. They go on to recommend that thyroid gland function be assessed in all dogs presenting with aggression problems, especially those developing slowly in mature animals. Additionally, canine hypothyroidism should be a considered differential diagnosis in dogs presenting for suspect canine cognitive dysfunction, as many of the behavioral symptoms (principally mental dullness and lethargy) are shared. A brief review of diagnosing canine hypothyroidism is also provided, including current test indications and limitations.
The central role of adrenomedullin in host defense

Thirteen years after the isolation of adrenomedullin (AM) from a human pheochromocytoma, the literature is awash with reports describing its implication in countless physiological and disease mechanisms ranging from vasodilatation to cancer promotion. A growing body of evidence illustrates AM as a pivotal component in normal physiology and disease with marked beneficial effects in the host defense mechanism. Exogenous administration of AM as well as its ectopic overexpression and the use of drugs, which potentiates its activity, are promising strategies for treatment of septic shock and several other pathogen-related disorders. Although major progress toward this end has been achieved over the past few years, our further understanding of the pleiotropic mechanisms involved with AM as a protective peptide is paramount to maximize its clinical application.
Reflections on the RNA journal at 20 and its role in the question of splice site choice

My first response to hearing that the RNA journal was turning 20 was one of some alarm—how can that much time have gone by and so little progress made? But the task of commemorating this anniversary brings back mostly pleasurable thoughts and of course a lot of progress has been made, just not always in the directions one might have anticipated. My own contribution to RNA Volume 1 was a somewhat florid review of questions regarding how splice sites are chosen for pairing within the spliceosome and some then-recent concepts in the understanding splice site recognition.
Biofabrication of ZnS:Mn luminescent nanocrystals using histidine, hexahistidine, and His-tagged proteins: A comparison study

Abstract The ubiquitous hexahistidine purification tag has been used to conjugate proteins to the shell of CdSe:ZnS quantum dots (QDs) due to its affinity for surface-exposed Zn2+ ions but little attention has been paid to the potential of His-tagged proteins for mineralizing luminescent ZnS nanocrystals. Here, we compare the ability of free histidine, a His tag peptide, His-tagged thioredoxin (TrxA, a monomeric protein), and N- and C-terminally His-tagged versions of Hsp31 (a homodimeric protein) to support the synthesis of Mn-doped ZnS nanocrystals from aqueous precursors under mild conditions of pH (8.2) and temperature (37 °C). We find that: (1) it is possible to produce poor quality QDs when histidine is used at high (8 mM) concentration; (2) an increase in local histidine concentration through repetition of the amino acid as a His tag decreases the amount of needed reagent ≈10-fold and improves optical properties; (3) fusion of the same His tag to TrxA allows for ZnS:Mn QDs mineralization at micromolar concentrations; and (4) doubling the local hexahistidine concentration by exploiting Hsp31 dimerization further improves nanocrystal luminescence with the brightest particles obtained when His tags are spatially co-localized at the Hsp31 N-termini. Although hexahistidine tracts are not as efficient as combinatorially selected ZnS binding peptides at QD synthesis, it should be possible to use the large number of available His-tagged proteins and the synthesis approach described herein to produce luminescent nanoparticles whose protein shell carries a broad range of functions.
Surgical methods for cardiac gene transfer

Over the last few decades, progress in the molecular biology of cardiomyocytes and the decoding of their genome through DNA sequencing has improved our insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of many heart diseases. The further evolution of genetic methods to investigate signal transduction, microarray analysis, and the development of transgenic animal models of various diseases including myocardial hypertrophy and others has contributed to the emergence of cardiovascular gene therapy as an important new paradigm in clinical and experimental research. These factors have resulted in the translation of cardiovascular therapy from animal studies to clinical applications more rapidly than expected. Successful plasmid DNA transfection after direct injection into beating rat hearts was demonstrated by expression of a recombinant β-galactosidase gene after 3–4 weeks. These “The further evolution of genetic methods ... has contributed to the emergence of cardiovascular gene therapy as an important new paradigm in clinical and experimental research.” results showed for the first time that cardiac muscle has a unique ability to take up and express injected recombinant DNA without recipient cell division [2]. The next historical step was the proof that viral-mediated gene transfer after intramyocardial injection is thousands of times more efficient than plasmid DNA; however, the percentage of cardiomyocytes expressing marker genes was largely limited to regions adjacent to the injection site [3,4]. Subsequent development involved intracoronary infusion of adenovirus. Viral DNA was detected in the rabbit myocardium for 2 weeks after delivery, although significant gene expression in other main organs was also recorded [5]. These and other data obtained two decades ago showed that: the route of gene delivery is no less important than the choice of vector system; and the basic methods of cardiac gene transfer were primarily intramyocardial injection and intracoronary infusion. Over time, although, it became clear that both of these methods had severe limitations and did not adequately reflect all the potentially more novel technologies of gene delivery. A classification of existing cardiac gene delivery techniques
Faster network design with scenario pre-filtering

The design and engineering of networks requires the consideration of many possible configurations (different network topologies, bandwidths, traffic and policies). Network engineers may use network simulation to evaluate changes in network configuration; but detailed, packet-level simulation of many alternatives would be extremely time consuming. This paper introduces the concept of scenario pre-filtering - rather than perform detailed simulation of each scenario, we propose to quickly evaluate (pre-filter) all scenarios in order to select only the relevant scenarios, and discard those that are clearly too over- or under-provisioned. To rapidly evaluate scenarios, we have developed several new analytical techniques to quickly determine the steady-state behavior of the network with both bulk and short term TCP flows. These techniques apply to arbitrary topologies and routers that use both drop-tail and RED queuing policies. Since we are only interested in selecting the interesting scenarios for detailed simulation, the answers need only be approximate. However we show that the accuracy is typically within 10% of detailed simulation. More importantly, these techniques are 10-300/spl times/ faster than detailed simulation, and, hence, pre-filtering is a promising technique to reduce the total simulation time when many scenarios must be considered.
Modifications of the PSAP region of the matrix protein lead to attenuation of vesicular stomatitis virus in vitro and in vivo.

The matrix (M) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a multi-functional protein involved in virus assembly, budding and pathogenesis. The 24PPPY27 late (L) domain of the M protein plays a key role in virus budding, whereas amino acids downstream of the PPPY motif contribute to host protein shut-off and pathogenesis. Using a panel of 37PSAP40 recombinant viruses, it has been demonstrated previously that the PSAP region of M does not possess L-domain activity similar to that of PPPY in BHK-21 cells. This study reports the unanticipated finding that these PSAP recombinants were attenuated in cell culture and in mice compared with control viruses. Indeed, PSAP recombinant viruses exhibited a small-plaque phenotype, reduced CPE, reduced levels of activated caspase-3, enhanced production of IFN-β and reduced titres in the lungs and brains of infected mice. In particular, recombinant virus M6PY>A4-R34E was the most severely attenuated, exhibiting little or no CPE in cell culture and undetectable titres in the lungs and brains of infected mice. These findings indicate an important role for the PSAP region (aa 33–44) of the M protein in the pathology of VSV infection and may have implications for the development of VSV as a vaccine and/or oncolytic vector.
Kinematics and performance of maneuvering control surfaces in teleost fishes

Many fishes routinely exploit resources in high-energy marine habitats of interest to ocean engineers, including rocky coasts and coral reefs. How fishes modulate fin motions to correct perturbations to the preferred heading or to maneuver in complex structure should interest both biologists and ocean engineers. These fin motions are reviewed in order to generate simple models of causal relationships between fin design, motion, and maneuvering performance. The available data on maneuvering performance in fishes is reviewed to compare to the simple models, to identify gaps in our knowledge, and to outline a research program to address these gaps more effectively.
Forward and Reverse Motion of Single RecBCD Molecules on DNA

RecBCD is a processive, DNA-based motor enzyme with both helicase and nuclease activities. We used high-resolution optical trapping to study individual RecBCD molecules moving against applied forces up to 8 pN. Fine-scale motion was smooth down to a detection limit of 2 nm, implying a unitary step size below six basepairs (bp). Episodes of constant-velocity motion over hundreds to thousands of basepairs were punctuated by abrupt switches to a different speed or by spontaneous pauses of mean length 3 s. RecBCD occasionally reversed direction, sliding backward along DNA. Backsliding could be halted by reducing the force, after which forward motion sometimes resumed, often after a delay. Elasticity measurements showed that the DNA substrate was partially denatured during backsliding events, but reannealed concomitant with the resumption of forward movement. Our observations show that RecBCD-DNA complexes can exist in multiple, functionally distinct states that persist for many catalytic turnovers: such states may help tune enzyme activity for various biological functions.
A Note on the Inverse Fuzzy Integrated Judgment

An application of fuzzy dynamic integrated judgment in cotton allocation can be found in Zhao, Peng, and Cheng [4]. Often applications in which the fuzzy integrated judgment has been successfully used were turned out to be quite effective. How to decide a fuzzy weight set is an inverse operation of fuzzy integrated judgment. Nonetheless, the fuzzy weight set that stands for the experience and the technology of experts plays a crucial role in applying the fuzzy integrated judgment. The success of fuzzy integrated judgment depends upon the choice of fuzzy weight set. Thus, an inverse process of fuzzy integrated judgment is an important practice; especially, in cotton allocation problem. Under certain conditions, the original image A (as a fuzzy weight set) is an important feasible solution to the fuzzy relation equation B = A ￮ R. However, it is necessary to use the original image A as a fuzzy weight set unconditionally in some practical applications of fuzzy integrated judgment. Therefore, it is very crucial to create a practical approach of obtaining the optimal fuzzy weight set for building a model of fuzzy dynamic integrated judgment regardless of the existence of the exact original image.