cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transition of patients with chronic neurological diseases from hospital to home

The following steps are essential in promoting a successful transition. (1) General condition of the patient must be stable. (2) Both parents must give consent to home care. (3) One parent at least must be thoroughly trained in all aspects of care. (4) Medical supplies must be kept in the home, and home modification to provide easy access and movement should be done as much as possible. (5) A medical support system must be established; home visiting nurses must be provided; medical doctors in the neighborhood and the local ambulance dispatch center must be notified of the patient's condition in case of an emergency.
Immunohistochemistry in surgical pathology. The case of the undifferentiated malignant neoplasm.

This article outlines a multifaceted, practical approach for the identification of undifferentiated neoplasms. Issues relating to sensitivity and specificity are carefully considered. The approach to using commercial immunocytochemical kits is outlined.
Renal Subcapsular Hematoma: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Dilemma

AbstractSubcapsular renal hematomas have been found in 14 hypertensive patients between 17 and 66 years old. In 11 patients with chronic lesions hypertension improved more often with nephrectomy (7 of 7 cases) than with a conservative operation (2 of 4 cases). Non-operative management of acute hematoma resulted in radiographic resolution and improvement of hypertension in 3 of 3 patients. Awareness of the clinical features and judicious use of diagnostic modalities enable proper management of subcapsular renal hematomas in most cases.
Robotic Laparoendoscopic Single-site Retroperitioneal Renal Surgery: Initial Investigation of a Purpose-built Single-port Surgical System

Abstract Background Robotic single-site retroperitoneal renal surgery has the potential to minimize the morbidity of standard transperitoneal and multiport approaches. Traditionally, technological limitations of non–purpose-built robotic platforms have hindered the application of this approach. Objective To assess the feasibility of retroperitoneal renal surgery using a new purpose-built robotic single-port surgical system. Design, setting, and participants This was a preclinical study using three male cadavers to assess the feasibility of the da Vinci SP1098 surgical system for robotic laparoendoscopic single-site (R-LESS) retroperitoneal renal surgery. Surgical procedure We used the SP1098 to perform retroperitoneal R-LESS radical nephrectomy ( n =1) and bilateral partial nephrectomy ( n =4) on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the kidney. Improvements unique to this system include enhanced optics and intelligent instrument arm control. Access was obtained 2cm anterior and inferior to the tip of the 12th rib using a novel 2.5-cm robotic single-port system that accommodates three double-jointed articulating robotic instruments, an articulating camera, and an assistant port. Measurements The primary outcome was the technical feasibility of the procedures, as measured by the need for conversion to standard techniques, intraoperative complications, and operative times. Results and limitations All cases were completed without the need for conversion. There were no intraoperative complications. The operative time was 100min for radical nephrectomy, and the mean operative time was 91.8±18.5min for partial nephrectomy. Limitations include the preclinical model, the small sample size, and the lack of a control group. Conclusions Single-site retroperitoneal renal surgery is feasible using the latest-generation SP1098 robotic platform. While the potential of the SP1098 appears promising, further study is needed for clinical evaluation of this investigational technology. Patient summary In an experimental model, we used a new robotic system to successfully perform major surgery on the kidney through a single small incision without entering the abdomen.
Near-Diffraction Limited 65W Nd:YLF Laser

One of the primary challenges to obtaining diffraction-limited performance in high-power solid state lasers is compensating for the thermally-induced optical effects[i].
Use of medication reminders in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often have difficulties adhering to their medical treatment plans. We determined the characteristics of patients with RA who used reminders and the association between reminders and adherence. A total of 201 patients with RA were asked the frequency of reminders use such as pill containers, calendars, or diaries. Patients completed self-reported adherence questionnaires, and their disease activity and functional ability were measured. Sixty-eight patients (34 %) reported using a reminder. Factors associated with reminder use were older age (yes-mean age 54 vs no-mean age 49, p = 0.004), race (Whites—54 % vs Blacks—30 % vs Hispanics—26 %, p = 0.003), and sex (males—50 % vs females 28 %, p = 0.005). Working patients were less likely to use reminders (employed—21 % vs unemployed—43 %, p = 0.006). Use of calendars was associated with adherence while away from home (ρ = 0.16, p = 0.03), when busy (ρ = 0.16, p = 0.03), and use of any reminder was associated with adherence when running out of pills (ρ = 0.15, p = 0.04). The use of calendar reminders was associated with fewer tender joints (ρ = −0.17, p = 0.02). Few patients with RA used reminders, and whites, males and patients of increasing age were most likely to use reminders. Our findings show that reminders can assist patients with RA in taking medications, particularly when they are most prone to forgetting, such as when they are away from home or busy. Providers should encourage using reminders as a low-cost aid to enhance adherence.
Contrast-enhanced CMR in HCM: what lies behind the bright light of LGE and why it now matters.

Over the past decade, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has assumed an increasingly greater role in the evaluation of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) ([1][1]). By virtue of its high spatial resolution, CMR provides a precise morphological assessment of the diverse phenotypic
Optimal day-ahead scheduling for microgrid participation in frequency regulation markets

As microgrid installations are steadily growing in the United States and around the world, widespread adoption of commercial microgrids would rely upon the economic benefit to the owners and operators. With the introduction of new market mechanisms and growing penetration of non-traditional generation assets, there is an increasing need and interest in allowing distributed assets to participate in traditional grid services such as frequency regulation. This paper considers the problem of determining the optimal balance of energy and ancillary services for individual microgrid generation assets to participate in such markets. An optimization framework that maximizes the predicted performance of the microgrid over a day-ahead time horizon while accounting for individual asset constraints is proposed. Simulation results on a realistic test system with practical considerations are presented.
Should Social Value Obligations be Local or Global

According to prominent bioethics scholars and international guidelines, researchers and sponsors have obligations to ensure that the products of their research are reasonably available to research participants and their communities. In other words, the claim is that research is unethical unless it has local social value. In this article, we argue that the existing conception of reasonable availability should be replaced with a social value obligation that extends to the global poor (and not just research participants and host communities). To the extent the social value requirement has been understood as geographically constrained to the communities that host research and the countries that can afford the products of research, it has neglected to include the global poor as members of the relevant society. We argue that a new conception of social value obligations is needed for two reasons. First, duties of global beneficence give reason for researchers, sponsors, and institutions to take steps to make their products more widely accessible. Second, public commitments made by many institutions acknowledge and engender responsibilities to make the products of research more accessible to the global poor. Future research is needed to help researchers and sponsors discharge these obligations in ways that unlock their full potential.
Teaching Remedial Problem-Solving Skills to Underperforming Law Students

This article describes a course called the “Art of Lawyering” developed by the Texas A&M University School of Law to help the bottom quarter of the 2L class develop the critical-thinking and problem-solving skills they should have learned in the first year of law school. Students in the bottom quarter of the class at the beginning of the 2L year are most at risk for failing the bar exam after graduation. The Art of Lawyering gives these students the structural framework necessary to solve problems like a lawyer, improve their performance in law school, and pass the bar exam. The course, in its current iteration, is remarkably effective, producing a significant increase in students’ grade-point averages. The article describes the theory, methods, and resources behind the course, and it includes a detailed lesson plan so that other schools can replicate the course and realize similar success.
Bearing Deviation in HF Transionospheric Propagation. II. Applications of Exact Computations

This paper deals with two applications of the exact computations of the ray-path parameters and in particular, the bearing deviations for an eccentric model ionosphere with no magnetic field derived in a companion paper. These are (a) evaluation of the ITSA three-dimensional ray-tracing computer program and (b) investigation of direction-of-arrival observations of HF radio waves. In both cases, very good agreement has been found between the two sets of results.
Developing a reduced order model from structural kinematic measurements of a flexible finite span wing in stall flutter

Abstract Experiments were conducted on a flexible, finite-span cyber–physical wing model in the wind tunnel to study the structural kinematics for a wing undergoing stall flutter. The wing model was designed to be weak in torsion and stiff in bending to exhibit stall flutter oscillations. The physical deformation of the wing surface was mapped at 38%, 58%, 78%, and 98% span using a stereo vision motion tracking system. From these measurements, the wing motion is decomposed and shown to consist of a principally torsional (pitching) oscillation consistent with the first mode for a cantilevered beam in free vibration. A two equation empirical model of the wing motion was then developed and compared to the measured stall flutter motion.
Abstract 16529: Molecular and Functional Characterization of an Ultra Rare Frame-shift Mutation in CALR-encoded Calreticulin as a Probable Long QT Syndrome-susceptibility Variant

Introduction: Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is the most common, autosomal dominant, sudden death predisposing cardiac channelopathy. Although 17 LQTS genes have been discovered, 20% of LQTS remains genet...
Linking Insurance and Mitigation to Manage Natural Disaster Risk

The insurance industry has suffered very large losses in the past 10 years from natural disasters and has the potential for experiencing even greater losses in the future. This chapter examines the role that insurance coupled with cost-effective risk mitigation measures (RMMs) can play in managing the risks from natural disasters. Large insurers have incentives to provide premium reductions to encourage RMMs if the allowable premiums are sufficiently high that they can pass the savings in losses to the property owner or if they are required to continue providing their current policyholders with coverage. Small insurers also have incentives to encourage their policyholders to adopt mitigation measures through premium reductions so as to reduce their chances of insolvency from a large-scale disaster. They may also want to consider purchasing reinsurance to cover a portion of their excess losses. Well-enforced building codes can complement insurance by forcing the adoption of cost-effective RMMs. They may be needed because many property owners underestimate the risks from disasters. In addition, mitigation measures not only reduce losses to the property itself but may produce positive externalities by reducing other costs of a disaster. The chapter concludes by outlining the roles that financial institutions, real estate developers and municipalities can play in developing incentives for the adoption of cost-effective RMMs and suggesting directions for future research.
Aerosol Properties Observed in the Subtropical North Pacific Boundary Layer

The impact of anthropogenic aerosol on climate forcing remains uncertain largely due to inadequate representation of natural aerosols in climate models. The marine boundary layer (MBL) might serve as a model location to study natural aerosol processes. Yet source and sink mechanisms controlling the MBL aerosol number, size distribution, chemical composition, and hygroscopic properties remain poorly constrained. Here aerosol size distribution and water uptake measurements were made aboard the R/V Hi'ialakai from 27 June to 3 July 2016 in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Size distributions were predominantly bimodal with an average integrated number concentration of 197 ± 98 cm−3. Hygroscopic growth factors were measured using the tandem differential mobility analyzer technique for dry 48, 96, and 144 nm particles. Mode kappa values for these were 0.57 ± 0.12, 0.51 ± 0.09, and 0.52 ± 0.08, respectively. To better understand remote MBL aerosol sources, a new algorithm was developed which decomposes hygroscopicity distributions into three classes: carbon-containing particles, sulfate-like particles, and sodium-containing particles. Results from this algorithm showed low and steady sodium-containing particle concentrations while the sulfate-like and carbon-containing particle concentrations varied during the cruise. According to the classification scheme, carbon-containing particles contributed at least 3–7%, sulfate-like particles contributed at most 77–88% and sodium-containing particles at least contributed 9–16% to the total aerosol number concentration. Size distribution and hygroscopicity data, in conjunction with air mass back trajectory analysis, suggested that the aerosol budget in the subtropical North Pacific MBL may be controlled by aerosol entrainment from the free troposphere.
Ambulatory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation with Subclavian Venoarterial Cannulation to Increase Mobility and Recovery in a Patient Awaiting Cardiac Transplantation

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can provide temporary cardiopulmonary support for patients in hemodynamic extremis or refractory heart failure until more durable therapies-such as cardiac transplantation or a left ventricular assist device-can be safely implemented. Conventional ECMO cannulation strategies commonly employ the femoral artery and vein, constraining the patients to the supine position for the duration of ECMO support. We have recently adopted a modified cannulation approach to promote patient mobility, rehabilitation, and faster recovery and to mitigate complications associated with femoral arterial cannulation, such as limb ischemia and compartment syndrome. This technique involves cannulation of the subclavian artery and vein. The current case report details our recent experience with this approach in a critically ill patient awaiting cardiac transplantation.
Photonic graph state generation from quantum dots and color centers for quantum communications

Highly entangled ``graph'' states of photons have applications in universal quantum computing and in quantum communications. In the latter context, they have been proposed as the key ingredient in the establishment of long-distance entanglement across quantum repeater networks. Recently, a general deterministic approach to generate repeater graph states from quantum emitters was given. However, a detailed protocol for the generation of such states from realistic systems is still needed in order to guide experiments. Here, we provide such explicit protocols for the generation of repeater graph states from two types of quantum emitters: NV centers in diamond and self-assembled quantum dots. A crucial element of our designs is an efficient controlled-$Z$ gate between the emitter and a nuclear spin, used as an ancilla qubit. Additionally, a fast protocol for using pairs of exchange-coupled quantum dots to produce repeater graph states is described. Our focus is on near-term experiments feasible with existing experimental capabilities.
Egg-donor price fixing and Kamakahi v. American Society for Reproductive Medicine.

If the American Society for Reproductive Medicine's recommendations for egg-donor compensation limits have been successful, they violate antitrust law. If they are ineffective, egg donors are not being sufficiently protected against coercion and commodification.
Local Injections of Superoxide Dismutase Attenuate the Exercise Pressor Reflex in Rats with Femoral Artery Occlusion.

The exercise pressor reflex is amplified in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and in an experimental PAD model of rats induced by femoral artery occlusion. Heightened blood pressure worsens the restricted blood flow directed to the limbs in this disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the role played by muscle oxidative stress in regulating the augmented pressor response to static exercise in PAD. We hypothesized that limb ischemia impairs muscle superoxide dismutase (SOD) thereby leading to abnormal autonomic responsiveness observed in PAD animals, and a chronic compensation of SOD for anti-oxidation improves the exaggerated exercise pressor reflex. Our data show that femoral occlusion decreased the protein levels of SOD in ischemic muscle as compared with control muscle. Downregulation of SOD appeared to a greater degree in the oxidative (red) muscle than in the glycolytic (white) muscle under the condition of muscle ischemia. In addition, the exercise pressor response was assessed during electrically induced static contraction. The data demonstrates that the enhancement of the exercise pressor reflex was significantly attenuated after tempol (a mimetic of SOD, 30 mg over a period of 72 h) was administered into the occluded hindlimb. In the occluded rats, mean arterial pressure (MAP) response was 26 ± 3 mmHg with no tempol and 12 ± 2 mmHg with tempol application (P 0.05 between groups). In conclusion, SOD is lessened in the ischemic muscles and supplement of SOD improves the amplified exercise pressor reflex, which is likely beneficial to the restricted blood flow to the limbs in PAD.
Object-Oriented Software Engineering

Object-Oriented Software Engineering is written for both the traditional one-semester and the newer two-semester software engineering curriculum. Part I covers the underlying software engineering theory, while Part II presents the more practical life cycle, workflow by workflow. The text is intended for the substantial object-oriented segment of the software engineering market. It focuses exclusively on object-oriented approaches to the development of large software systems that are the most widely used. Text includes 2 running case studies, expanded coverage of agile processes and open-source development. Table of contents PART ONE INTRODUCTION TO OBJECT-ORIENTED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 1 The Scope of Object-Oriented Software Engineering 2 Software Life-Cycle Models 3 The Software Process 4 Teams 5 The Tools of the Trade 6 Testing 7 From Modules to Objects 8 Reusability and Portability 9 Planning and Estimating PART TWO THE WORKFLOWS OF THE SOFTWARE LIFECYCLE 10 The Requirements Workflow 11 The Analysis Workflow 12 The Design Workflow 13 The Implementation Workflow 14 Postdelivery Maintenance 15 More on UML Bibliography Appendix A Term Project: Osric's Office Appliances and Decor Appendix B Software Engineering Resources Appendix C The Requirements Workflow: The MSG Foundation Case Study Appendix D The Analysis Workflow: The MSG Foundation Case Study Appendix E Software Project Management Plan: The MSG Foundation Case Study Appendix F The Design Workflow: The MSG Foundation Case Study Appendix G The Implementation Workflow: The MSG Foundation Case Study (C++ Version) Appendix H The Implementation Workflow: The MSG Foundation Case Study (Java Version) Appendix I The Test Workflow: The MSG Foundation Case Study
The Primate Flocculus and Eye-Head Coordination

As a part of the classical vestibular cerebellum receiving a direct projection from the semicircular canals, the flocculus has long been thought to be implicated in the vestibular stabilization of the eyes. Anatomical and physiological studies in the cat and rabbit have generated a wealth of information about its relationship with brainstem vestibuloocular pathways, and there is currently considerable interest in the flocculus as the probable site of modifiable elements concerned with the long-term maintenance of appropriate vestibuloocular reflexes. Recent electrophysiological studies in the awake monkey, however, seem to indicate that the flocculus is also involved in other, previously unsuspected, aspects of oculomotor function. Before reviewing these new developments, I shall briefly describe the basic neuronal circuitry involved. For more extensive treatments of the latter, the reader is referred to a number of excellent review articles (1,2,3).
Toxic cutaneous responses from inhalant abuse

Inhalant abuse is the intentional inhalation of volatile substances to achieve intoxication. Inhaled substances include cheap, easily accessible, legal, everyday products, and abuse is most common in adolescence. There is considerable morbidity and mortality associated with this underdetected form of substance abuse, such as cryogenic burns.1 These cryogenic burns may be easily overlooked by clinicians, especially in areas where exposure to freezing temperatures is uncommon. As the prevalence of inhalant abuse steadily increases because of its wide availability, more cryogenic burn cases will likely present to clinicians.
Analysis of Combinatorial Neural Codes: An Algebraic Approach

Abstract A major problem in neuroscience is to understand how the brain uses neural activity to form representations of the external world. It is known that combinatorial information in the firing patterns of neurons often reflects important features of the stimuli which generated them. How can we efficiently extract such information? This chapter presents an algebraic method for encoding and extracting combinatorial structure from neural codes using the language of rings and ideals from commutative algebra. We also discuss how this structure can uncover principles of neural coding and infer topological features of the underlying stimulus space.
Comparison of myocardial fibrosis quantification methods by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging for risk stratification of patients with suspected myocarditis.

Although the presence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is a significant discriminator of events in patients with suspected myocarditis, no data are available on the optimal LGE quantification method. Six hundred seventy consecutive patients (48 ± 16 years, 59% male) with suspected myocarditis were enrolled between 2002 and 2015. We performed LGE quantitation using seven different signal intensity thresholding methods based either on 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 standard deviations (SD) above remote myocardium or full width at half maximum (FWHM). In addition, a LGE visual presence score (LGE-VPS) (LGE present/absent in each segment) was assessed. For each of these methods, the strength of association of LGE results with major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was determined. Inter-and intra-rater variability using intraclass-correlation coefficient (ICC) was performed for all methods. Ninety-eight (15%) patients experienced a MACE at a medium follow-up of 4.7 years. LGE quantification by FWHM, 2- and 3-SD demonstrated univariable association with MACE (hazard ratio [HR] 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.02–1.08, p = 0.001; HR 1.02, 95%CI:1.00–1.04; p = 0.001; HR 1.02, 95%CI: 1.00–1.05, p = 0.035, respectively), whereas 4-SD through 7-SD methods did not reach significant association. LGE-VPS also demonstrated association with MACE (HR 1.09, 95%CI: 1.04–1.15, p < 0.001). In the multivariable model, FWHM, 2-SD methods, and LGE-VPS each demonstrated significant association with MACE adjusted to age, sex, BMI and LVEF (adjusted HR of 1.04, 1.02, and 1.07; p = 0.009, p = 0.035; and p = 0.005, respectively). In these, FWHM and LGE-VPS had the highest degrees of inter and intra-rater reproducibility based on their high ICC values. FWHM is the optimal semi-automated quantification method in risk-stratifying patients with suspected myocarditis, demonstrating the strongest association with MACE and the highest technical consistency. Visual LGE scoring is a reliable alternative method and is associated with a comparable association with MACE and reproducibility in these patients. NCT03470571 . Registered 13th March 2018. Retrospectively registered.
Limited evidence for mesocarnivore release following wolf recovery in Wisconsin, USA

Restoration of top carnivore populations, such as gray wolves, may have many cascading effects on the ecosystems they inhabit. In many areas of North America without wolves, coyotes become dominant predators and can suppress the abundance of smaller carnivores such as foxes. Ecological theory and studies would suggest that recovering wolf populations could benefit foxes by limiting the abundance of coyotes and thus releasing foxes from the suppressive effects of coyotes. Using long-term (38 year) monitoring data, we evaluated the effects of recovering wolf populations on the abundance of coyotes and foxes in two regions of Wisconsin (USA). Overall, we found no evidence to support the hypothesis that increasing wolf populations limited coyote abundance, and instead found limited evidence that intrinsic density-dependence was more important to structuring coyote population growth based on model selection results. However, we did find some evidence to suggest that coyote populations are limiting fox population growth in one of our study regions. That wolves do not appear to limit coyote populations in Wisconsin could be the result of changing prey abundance and landscape configuration that favor coyotes, or the comparatively low wolf densities in Wisconsin as compared to areas where wolf effects on coyotes have been documented. We suggest that future research directly address the interactions among canids in the Great Lakes region, as there is large potential for cascading ecological effects as abundance of these species changes over time and space.
Nutraceuticals in Dermatological Disorders

Dermatological disorders refer to skin abnormalities that could be induced by various agents including infectious organisms, noninfectious physical agents, and immunological reactions. Various modern medicinal drugs are being used to treat different types of skin disorders. Although some of them are effective, unwanted side effects are often observed. Currently, there is an increased tendency to use traditional medicine including use of nutraceuticals which are in use since ancient times, are effective to treat and manage skin disorders, and cause no apparent side effects. This chapter briefly highlights on the use of some nutraceuticals in the treatment of skin disorders.
Stereoselective Mn-mediated coupling of functionalized iodides and hydrazones: a synthetic entry to the tubulysin gamma-amino acids.

Synthesis of γ-amino acids, important building blocks in bioorganic and natural product chemistry, is accomplished using a stereoselective carbon−carbon bond construction of the chiral amine. Alkyl iodides and chiral hydrazones with protected alcohol functionality are coupled via highly diastereoselective photolytic Mn-mediated addition to the CN bond, providing access to enantiomerically pure multifunctional chiral α-branched amines. Reductive N−N bond cleavage and alcohol oxidation provides α-substituted γ-amino acid building blocks for tubulysin D.
Mechanics-based model for the cooking-induced deformation of spaghetti

In this article, we propose a minimal model for the cooking-induced deformation of spaghetti and related food products. Our approach has parallels to the use of rod theories for the mechanics of slender bodies undergoing growth and is inspired by a wealth of experimental data from the food science literature. We use our model to investigate the cooking of a single strand of spaghetti confined to a pot and reproduce a curious three-stage deformation sequence that arises in the cooking process.
Retinopathy in a Diet-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model, and Role of Epigenetic Modifications

Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90% of the population with diabetes, and these patients are generally obese and hyperlipidemic. In addition to hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia is also closely related with diabetic retinopathy. The aim was to investigate retinopathy in a model closely mimicking the normal progression and metabolic features of the population with type 2 diabetes and elucidate the molecular mechanism. Retinopathy was evaluated in rats fed a 45% kcal as fat diet for 8 weeks before administering streptozotocin, 30 mg/kg body weight (T2D), and compared with age- and duration-matched type 1 diabetic rats (T1D) (60 mg/kg streptozotocin). The role of epigenetic modifications in mitochondrial damage was evaluated in retinal microvasculature. T2D rats were obese and severely hyperlipidemic, with impaired glucose and insulin tolerance compared with age-matched T1D rats. While at 4 months of diabetes, T1D rats had no detectable retinopathy, T2D rats had significant retinopathy, their mitochondrial copy numbers were lower, and mtDNA and Rac1 promoter DNA methylation was exacerbated. At 6 months, retinopathy was comparable in T2D and T1D rats, suggesting that obesity exaggerates hyperglycemia-induced epigenetic modifications, accelerating mitochondrial damage and diabetic retinopathy. Thus, maintenance of good lifestyle and BMI could be beneficial in regulating epigenetic modifications and preventing/retarding retinopathy in patients with diabetes.
Return to play rates after ulnar nerve transposition and decompression surgery: a retrospective analysis.

Background Medial elbow pain is a common complaint in overhead throwing athletes. The throwing motion places repetitive tensile and compressive forces on the elbow resulting in significant stress across the ulnohumeral joint. This stress can result in soft-tissue, ligamentous, and ulnar nerve injury. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively investigate the clinical findings and outcomes, including return to play rates, of patients who underwent ulnar nerve transposition surgery for isolated ulnar neuritis. Methods Throwing athletes who underwent isolated, primary ulnar nerve transposition surgery over an eight-year period, 2009 to 2017, were identified and included in our analysis. Nonthrowing athletes, those who underwent revision ulnar nerve transposition surgery, and those who underwent concomitant ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction or repair were excluded. Patients were contacted to complete the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow Score as well as a return to play rate questionnaire. The minimum follow-up was 2 years. Results Fifteen patients met the inclusion criteria: 13 (86.7%) men and 2 (13.3%) women. The average age at the time of surgery was 19.2 years old (range, 15.6-28.0). Preoperatively, 13 (86.7%) patients played baseball and 2 (13.3%) patients played softball. Two patients (13.3%) underwent a previous ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction. There were no complications. The average final follow-up was 65.26 (range, 24.44-113.29) months with an average Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Score of 64.51 (range, 28.60-100.00). Thirteen (86.7%) patients were able to return to their preinjury sport, 2 to a higher level of competition, 8 to the same level, and 3 to a lower level. Seven of the 13 (53.8%) patients sustained a postoperative ipsilateral shoulder or elbow injury at an average of 19.57 (range, 7.00-36.00) months postoperatively. All patients reported sustaining the injury as a result of throwing. Conclusion The results of our study indicate that ulnar nerve transposition surgery in throwing athletes allows athletes to return to throwing with low reoperation rates. However, more than half of the athletes in our analysis sustained a subsequent ipsilateral shoulder or elbow injury. Further investigation regarding outcomes in throwing athletes after ulnar nerve transposition surgery is warranted.
How Well Does the Surprise Question Predict 1-year Mortality for Patients Admitted with COPD?

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often receive burdensome care at end-of-life (EOL) and infrequently complete advance care planning (ACP). The surprise question (SQ) is a prognostic tool that may facilitate ACP. To assess how well the SQ predicts mortality and prompts ACP for COPD patients. Retrospective cohort study. Patients admitted to the hospital for an acute exacerbation of COPD between July 2015 and September 2018. Emergency department (ED) and inpatient clinicians answered, “Would you be surprised if this patient died in the next 30 days (ED)/one year (inpatient)?” The primary outcome measure was the accuracy of the SQ in predicting 30-day and 1-year mortality. The secondary outcome was the correlation between SQ and ACP (palliative care consultation, documented goals-of-care conversation, change in code status, or completion of ACP document). The 30-day SQ had a high specificity but low sensitivity for predicting 30-day mortality: sensitivity 12%, specificity 95%, PPV 11%, and NPV 96%. The 1-year SQ demonstrated better accuracy for predicting 1-year mortality: sensitivity 47%, specificity 75%, PPV 35%, and NPV 83%. After multivariable adjustment for age, sex, and prior 6-month admissions, 1-year SQ+ responses were associated with greater odds of 1-year mortality (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.39–4.08) versus SQ-. One-year SQ+ patients were more likely to have a goals-of-care conversation (25% vs. 11%, p < 0.01) and complete an advance directive or POLST (46% vs. 23%, p < 0.01). After multivariable adjustment, SQ+ responses to the 1-year SQ were associated with greater odds of ACP receipt (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.64–4.36). The 1-year surprise question may be an effective component of prognostication and advance care planning for COPD patients in the inpatient setting.
Development of high-temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry for p-block element containing materials

Understanding the thermodynamic stability of materials plays an essential role in their applications. The high-temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry is a reliable method developed to experimentally measure formation enthalpy. Until now, it has been mostly used for the characterization of oxide materials. We introduce modifications in the experimental technique which makes it suitable for a wide range of non-oxide compounds. The modified methodology was used to measure the heat effects associated with the oxidative dissolution of almost all p-elements of groups III, IV, V, and VI and verified by calculating the standard enthalpies of formation of the corresponding oxides at 298 K. The results presented serve as a compelling database for pure p-elements, which will provide a very straightforward way of calculating the formation enthalpies of non-oxide systems based on high-temperature calorimetric experiments.
The Implementation of Active Environmental Surveillance in a Veterinary Referral Hospital Setting

Emily Feyes, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine; Dixie Mollenkopf, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine; Thomas Wittum, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine; Dubraska Diaz-Campos, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine; Rikki Horne, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine Background: The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine (OSU-CVM) Antimicrobial Stewardship Working Group (ASWG) uses monthly environmental surveillance to understand the effectiveness of our veterinary medical center (VMC) infection control and biosecurity protocols in reducing environmental contamination with multidrug resistant organisms. Monthly surveillance allows us to monitor trends in the recovery of these resistant organisms and address issues of concern that could impact our patients, clients, staff, and students. Methods: The OSU-CVM ASWG collects samples from >100 surfaces within the companion animal, farm animal, and equine sections of our hospital each month. Sampling has been continuous since January 2018. Samples are collected from both human–animal contact and human-only contact surfaces using Swiffer electrostatic cloths. These samples are cultured for recovery of Salmonella spp, extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. Results: The recovery of these antibiotic resistant target organisms is low in the environment of our hospital. Recovery from human-only contact surfaces (19.8%) is very similar to recovery from human–animal contact surfaces (25.5%). We commonly recover Enterobacteriaceae (E.coli, Klebsiella spp, and Enterobacter spp) that are resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (496 of 2,016; 24.6%) from the VMC environment. These antibiotic-resistant indicator bacteria are expected in a veterinary hospital setting where use the of β-lactam drugs is common. Recovery of both Salmonella spp and CPE has remained very low in our hospital environment over the past 19 months: 16 of 2,016 (0.7%) for Salmonella and 15 of 2,016 (0.8%) for CPE. Discussion: The active environmental surveillance component of our antimicrobial stewardship program has allowed us to reduce the threat of nosocomial infections within our hospital and address environmental contamination issues before they become a problem. Our consistently low recovery of resistant organisms indicates the effectiveness of our existing cleaning and disinfection protocols and biosecurity measures. Due to the nature of our patient population, we do expect to find resistant organisms in the patient-contact areas of the hospital environment. However, our similar rates of resistant organisms from human-only surfaces (eg, computer keyboards, door handles, telephones, and Cubex machines) indicates a need to improve our hand hygiene practices. These data are now supporting the implementation of a new hand hygiene campaign in our veterinary hospital. Funding: None Disclosures: None
Non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl neurotoxic equivalents found in environmental and human samples.

Non-dioxin like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL PCB) are recognized neurotoxicants with implications on altered neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration in exposed organisms. NDL PCB neurotoxic relative potency schemes have been developed for a single mechanism, namely activity toward the ryanodine receptor (RyR), or combined mechanisms including, but not limited to, alterations of RyR and dopaminergic pathways. We compared the applicability of the two neurotoxic equivalency (NEQ) schemes and applied each scheme to PCB mixtures found in environmental and human serum samples. A multiple mechanistic NEQ predicts higher neurotoxic exposure concentrations as compared to a scheme based on the RyR alone. Predictions based on PCB ortho categorization, versus homologue categorization, lead to a higher prediction of neurotoxic exposure concentrations, especially for the mMOA. The application of the NEQ schemes to PCB concentration data suggests that PCBs found in fish from US lakes represent a considerable NEQ exposure to fish consuming individuals, that indoor air of schools contained high NEQ concentrations representing an exposure concern when inhaled by children, and that levels already detected in the serum of adults and children may contribute to neurotoxicity. With further validation and in vivo exposure data the NEQ scheme would help provide a more inclusive measure of risk presented by PCB mixtures.
Targeting Human lncRNAs for Treating Cardiometabolic Diseases

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have evolved as a critical regulatory mechanism for almost all biological processes. By dynamically interacting with their molecular partners, lncRNAs regulate gene activity at multiple levels ranging from transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, RNA transporting, RNA decay, and translation of mRNA. Dysregulation of lncRNAs has been associated with human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative, and cardiometabolic diseases. However, as lncRNAs are usually much less conserved than mRNAs at the sequence level, most human lncRNAs are either primate or human specific. The pathophysiological significance of human lncRNAs is still mostly unclear due to the persistent limitations in studying human-specific genes. This review will focus on recent discoveries showing human lncRNAs’ roles in regulating metabolic homeostasis and the potential of targeting this unique group of genes for treatment of cardiometabolic diseases.
Work Hours & Income Tax Cuts: Evidence from Federal-State Tax Interactions

We investigate how income tax reductions affect work hours. Our empirical strategy relies on the fact that, in states where taxpayers can deduct federal tax payments from state taxable income, federal tax changes are dampened. We study 2003 tax reforms (JGTRRA) that dramatically reduced federal tax rates on dividends and capital gains, and moderately reduced rates on ordinary income. Diff-in-Diff analysis indicates that work hours decreased most among high income and wealthy taxpayers who were most directly affected by the tax reductions. The decrease in hours was larger for residents of states in which the effective tax reductions were larger. Conversely, we find possible evidence that larger ordinary income tax rate reductions in the 1980s, accompanied by effective tax increases on capital gains, had the opposite effect and induced an increase in work hours. These results suggest that the effect of tax reductions may depend on the type of income targeted.
Assessing the ophthalmology match through a 'virtual lens'

The article explores how applicants for an ophthalmology residency had to participate in two separate matches, and Ophthalmology residency extends three years, beginning in the PGY-2 year, and the ophthalmology residency match is managed by the San Francisco Residency and Fellowship Matching Services. Topics include direct patient care facility is conducted through the National Residency Matching Program (NRMP);and ophthalmology match is timed to allow applicants to their rank list.
The Bankruptcy Reform Act of 2005 and Entrepreneurial Activity

This paper empirically investigates the effect of the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 2005 on entrepreneurial activity. We find that this act had virtually no noticeable effect on the overall level of entrepreneurship, measured by self-employment, partly because potential entrepreneurs were more likely to seek limited liability to offset the reduction in wealth protection imposed by the new law. That is, the incorporation rate increased for small businesses after the new law was enacted. This increase emphasizes that limited liability provided by incorporation is an important strategic variable that potential entrepreneurs utilize in response to changes in personal bankruptcy law. This study implies that incorporation is an important parameter to consider in understanding the relationship between bankruptcy law and entrepreneurial activity. The policy implication of this study is that entrepreneurs do respond to changes in personal bankruptcy law, even though it is intended for consumers, so this potential side effect should be considered when designing a new law.
The Ironical Allegory of Remembrance and Oblivion

Paul de Man, in Allegories of Reading, refers to irony as the key rhetorical and linguistic figure of his allegorical readings. It looks as if everything/it was turned upon by irony: the figure is shown as the trope of tropes, the essence of rhetoric. The surprising and effective ending can also be read as the beginning of another story which would be about the understanding of the relation between irony and allegory. "I have never known how to tell a story," Derrida says in the opening of his lecture-series, Memoires, dedicated to his friend de Man's memory. This story of remembrance introduced by an ironical and self-reflective statement, which can be taken as the mirror-image of the de Manian closing, is speaking about the allegorical reading, or rather unreadability of irony. In this particular story, embedded in the context of allegory and irony, such flowers of rhetoric flourish as Mnemosyne, Lethe, Psyche or Narcissus. In my text I am trying to interpret these rhetorical figures in these two thinkers' works, while the recurrent 'narcissus' becomes the rhetorical flower of (my) reading.
Impurity states in high magnetic fields

Narrow gap semiconductors typically possess low charge carrier effective masses and relatively high dielectric constants. Consequently, (1) donor and certain acceptor binding energies, Ry*, are small, and (2) carrier interaction energies with a magnetic field, ħwc, are large. For such materials the condition ħwc ⪞ Ry* can be achieved at modest field strengths. The impurity energy level spectra are then qualitatively different from their low field counter-parts. The theory of such impurity states and excitations will be reviewed, particularly with regard to the effects of non-parabolicity in the host crystal band structure. A detailed comparison will be made between theory and experiment for the case of donors in InSb.
Chromatic-dispersion-insensitive DGD monitoring by adding a frequency-shifted carrier along the orthogonal polarization state

We demonstrate accurate DGD monitoring by adding a frequency-shifted carrier along the orthogonal polarization state and extracting the regenerated RF power near the bit-rate frequency. This monitoring signal is insensitive to chromatic dispersion.