cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Consolidation of Two Campus Interlibrary Loan Units Into One: A Partnership Between Law and Main Campus

Until July 2009 Valparaiso University had two campus interlibrary loan units, one serving the main campus and the other serving the law school. In the wake of a projected 15–20% campuswide budget cut, the two campus libraries investigated ways to work together to reduce costs. The libraries came together with Online Computer Library Center and Atlas Systems, Inc., to consolidate the two separate units and ILLiad databases into one. This article discusses the reasons for merging two interlibrary loan units and the steps undertaken to combine two ILLiad systems.
347 β-LACTAMASE ACTIVITY & ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE AND PARAINFLUENZAE IN MICH

The incidence of β-lactamase activity of 1000 Hemophilus strains collected Sept 76-Jan 78 from pediatric and adult patients throughout Michigan (utilizing an iodometric assay, AAC 7:265:1975) was 8/52 (15%) for type b, 29/318 (9%) for non-type b H. influenzae and 31/630 (5%) for H. parainfluenzae. From Sept 76-July 77 H. influenzae type b isolates were recovered from 16 children with meningitis; none were positive for β-lactamase activity. Subsequently 4/7 CSF isolates were positive for β-lactamase activity. The in vitro susceptibilities of 30 β-lactamase (+) Hemophilus strains to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cefamandole, cefachlor, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were evaluated using a microtiter broth dilution method. 70% of strains were resistant to [amp] of ≥10 μg/ml (MIC range = 4-128 μg/ml), while all were inhibited by ≥1 μg/ml of chloramphenicol (MIC=0.25-1 μg/ml). Strains were highly susceptible to cefamandole (90% inhibited by ≥0.5 μg/ml), although only 25% of strains were inhibited by ≥1 μg/ml of cefachlor (MIC-1-16 μg/ml). All isolates were inhibited by [tetracycline] of ≥1 μg/ml. MICs of TMP-SMZ ranged from .0037/.148-.125/2.37 μg/ml with 75% of strains susceptible to ≥0.03/.59 μg/ml. The incidence of β-lactamase (+) Hemophilus strains in Michigan appears to be increasing. These strains are highly susceptible in vitro to chloramphenicol, cefamandole and TMP-SMZ.
Histological and biochemical studies on the ground substance of the aortas of lathyritic rats

Summary Aortas from normal and lathyritic rats were examined histologically and chemically. The administration of β -aminopropionitrile (BAPN) to young animals often resulted in the production of medial lesions of the aortic arch; such lesions did not develop in animals administered semicarbazide (SC). Microscopic examination of the lesions revealed a marked disorganization of the elastic components of the arterial wall, a high degree of metachromasia with toluidine blue and a proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Increased metachromasia and a hypertrophy of the smooth muscle cells were also seen in sections of the thoracic and abdominal aorta in which there was no obvious structural damage in response to the administration of either BAPN or SC. Analyses of the acid mucopolysaccharide (AMPS) composition of aortas from young lathyritic animals revealed a marked increase in the chondroitin sulfate A plus C fraction, but essentially no change in the other AMPS components of the arterial wall. The changes were not observed in adult lathyritic animals. The aortic AMPS changes in young lathyritic rats persist for a long time after the lathyrogenic agent (BAPN) is withdrawn from the diet. The present observations are consistent with the concepts that (a) it is the rapidly growing animal that is particularly susceptible to the effects of lathyrogenic agents on the aorta; (b) smooth muscle is involved in the repair of arterial injury; (c) smooth muscle cells biosynthesize AMPS; and (d) the changes represent a nonspecific response of the aorta to injury.
The role of cryoglobulins and immune complexes in vasculitis

Immune complexes play a major role in a variety of diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. Cryoglobulins, especially those of the mixed type, represent a type of immune complex that is particularly easy to isolate, and hence lend themselves readily to the identification of the responsible precipitating agents. This report presents the clinical, laboratory, and pathologic features of 40 patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia and offers some speculation based on currently available evidence on the role of cryoglobulins in pathogenesis.
The reorientation of Cd2+-vacancy and Pb2+-vacancy complexes in KCl☆

Abstract The relaxation of Pb2+-vacancy and Cd2+-vacancy dipoles in purified KCl crystals was studied using a double crystal dc polarization method which self-corrects relaxation effects due to spurious causes. In the radius range from Cd2+ to Ba2+ these results and most others support Dreyfus' model. The reciprocal relaxation times for each impurity are given by τ −1 Cd =2.06x10 12 exp(−s0.64±0.01 eV ) kT ; τ −1 Pb =1.19x10 13 exp(−0.69±0.01 eV ) kT . It is also shown that the presence of H2O or its products greatly perturb the relaxation times observed.
Preparation of functional polymers by living anionic polymerization: Polymerization of allyl methacrylate

The anionic polymerization of allyl methacrylate was carried out in tetrahydrofuran, both in the presence and in the absence of LiCl, with a variety of initiators, at various temperatures. It was found that (1,1-diphenylhexyl)lithium and the living oligomers of methyl methacrylate and tert-butyl methacrylate are suitable initiators for the anionic polymerization of this monomer. The temperature should be below −30°C, even in the presence of LiCl, for the living polymerization to occur. When the polymerization proceeded at −60°C, in the presence of LiCl, with (1,1-diphenylhexyl)-lithium as initiator, the number-average molecular weight of the polymer was directly proportional to the monomer conversion and monodisperse poly(allyl methacrylate)s with high molecular weights were obtained. 1H-NMR and FT-IR indicated that the α CC double bond of the monomer was selectively polymerized and that the allyl group remained unreacted. The prepared poly(allyl methacrylate) is a functional polymer since it contains a reactive CC double bond on each repeating unit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 2901–2906, 1997
Assessment of Operative Risk of Pneumonectomy

Age, exercise tolerance, preoperative pulmonary function and associated diseases were correlated with postoperative mortality and morbidity in a group of 75 patients undergoing pneumonectomy over a ten-year period. No patient who completed the standard exercise tolerance test experienced cardiorespiratory mortality or morbidity subsequent to pneumonectomy, Eight of 14 patients who failed to complete the exercise tolerance test experienced serious cardiorespiratory complications. There were no significant differences between patients who had uncomplicated pneumonectomies and patients who had complications as regards other measurements of pulmonary function. Ability to complete the exercise tolerance test is associated with a low cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality after pneumonectomy. Failure to complete the exercise tolerance test is a relative contraindication to pneumonectomy. The exercise tolerance test should be used whenever feasible in routine evaluation of the patient preparatory to pneumonectomy.
Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery for leiomyoma-associated infertility

Objective To describe magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery (FUS) as a treatment for a case of leiomyoma-associated infertility. Design Case report from a randomized clinical trial. Setting Academic medical center. Patient(s) A 37-year-old woman with known leiomyomas and a history of 18 months of home-inseminations from a known donor. Intervention(s) Magnetic resonance-guided FUS treatment of uterine fibroids, where the dominant fibroid distorted the uterine cavity. Main Outcome Measure(s) Pregnancy. Result(s) A viable intrauterine pregnancy, with a full-term vaginal delivery, was conceived after a single clomiphene citrate and intrauterine insemination cycle. Conclusion(s) The role of FUS for enhancement of fertility in women with nonhysteroscopically resectable uterine fibroids distorting the uterine cavity should be investigated further.
Comparison of Oral Language Usage Among English Language Learners Diagnosed With a Learning Disability and Those in General Education

The investigator compared the linguistic characteristics of Spanish and English language samples taken from English language learners (ELLs) diagnosed with an academic learning disability (LD) and ELLs in general education to determine if the errors and characteristics of their language use differ. There was a statistically significant difference in the morphological error ratios of the English language samples when comparisons were made across groups. Comparisons within groups indicate a significant difference in the English morphological error ratios for students with an LD diagnosis. Although these findings were significant, all students, regardless of group membership, had generally mastered the fundamentals of English morphology and syntax and demonstrated the ability to learn and use English in the context of story retelling.
Teaching Medical Students in Primary and Secondary Care: a Resource Book

If you know little about principles of clinical education and want to know more, or if you want to match some experience to basic theory, then this is a useful book. It declares its aim to be a resource book, and the index and contents allow the reader to dip in and out as needed. It has practical tips and short summary boxes which also act as rapid reminders of key practical and conceptual issues, so can be used for quick reference. However, its format is A4 size, so it has to be a shelf book, more suitable for a practice or hospital library than a jacket pocket. Its chapters cover the core content of any ‘teaching the teachers’ course—how people learn, making the best use of different settings, planning a tutorial, designing a course and so on. It reflects the methods used in ‘modern’ curricula, and is very generic, so can be used by staff from any specialty background. The information is mostly evidence-based, sensible and relevant. Inevitably, a brief introductory text will overgeneralize, and also underrepresent the full range of possibilities, as medical education is rapidly altering and new models are appearing of how to make the best use of clinical settings. For instance, there are far more examples of how general practice and community settings are now used for clinical learning than are suggested by this text. Similarly, the box on change management understates the difficulties of securing curricular innovations. The communication skills teaching implies a need for a ‘suite’ of facilities, which are valuable but not essential to such learning, and could risk discouraging those without physical kit from attempting to teach these. Nevertheless, the text is up to date with its comprehensive summary of the role of patients in teaching and learning, and strong in its summary of the cognitive development of new knowledge and skills, making an excellent argument for why interactive methods are essential for most learning. The diagrams supplement the text effectively through some rather cynical cartoons, giving a voice to negative reactions to learning, tend to undermine the ‘can do’ tone of the text. Its market is probably the ‘novice’ educator and the full-time clinician who is occasionally called on to teach. There are competitors, but if you do not have a book of this kind and want a quick guide then I highly recommend it.
Nanoelectronic circuits using resonant tunneling transistors and diodes

Integration of RTDs (resonant tunneling diodes) into one or more terminals of conventional transistors has led to a large family of resonant tunneling transistors. These include the resonant tunneling bipolar transistor (RTBT) and the resonant tunneling hot electron transistor (RHET). These devices are fabricated by placing RTDs in the emitter contact of heterojunction bipolar or hot electron transistors, respectively. Another unique nanoelectronic device is the bipolar quantum-well resonant tunneling transistor (BiQuaRTT), which is a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) with a quantum-well structure incorporated into the base-collector junction. Negative transconductance devices, such as the RTBT, can be used to implement single-transistor logic gates. The RTBT characteristic can be enhanced to provide multiple negative transconductance regions by adding additional RTDs in the emitter epitaxial stack. >
Deposition of Zinc Selenide by Atomic Layer Epitaxy for Multilayer X-ray Optics

Thin film deposition techniques currently being used to produce multilayer x-ray optics (MXOs) have difficulty producing smooth, uniform multilayers with d-spacings less than about twelve angstroms. We are investigating atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) as an alternative to these techniques. ALE is a chemical vapor deposition technique which deposits an atomic layer of material during each cycle of the deposition process. The thickness of a film deposited by ALE depends only on the number of cycles. Multilayers deposited by ALE should be smooth and uniform with precise d-spacings which makes ALE an excellent technique for producing multilayer x-ray optics. We have designed and built an ALE system and we have used this system to deposit ZnSe using diethyl zinc and hydrogen selenide.
Structure of a multifunctional protein - Mammalian phosphatidylinositol transfer protein complexed with phosphatidylcholine

Eukaryotic phosphatidylinositol transfer protein is a ubiquitous multifunctional protein that transports phospholipids between membrane surfaces and participates in cellular phospholipid metabolism during signal transduction and vesicular trafficking. The three-dimensional structure of the α-isoform of rat phosphatidylinositol transfer protein complexed with one molecule of phosphatidylcholine, one of its physiological ligands, has been determined to 2.2 A resolution by x-ray diffraction techniques. A single s -sheet and several long α-helices define an enclosed internal cavity in which a single molecule of the phospholipid is accommodated with its polar head group in the center of the protein and fatty acyl chains projected toward the surface. Other structural features suggest mechanisms by which cytosolic phosphatidylinositol transfer protein interacts with membranes for lipid exchange and associates with a variety of lipid and protein kinases.
Recovery of sunflower oil with a small screw expeller

Abstract Tests were run on a HANDER Oil Expeller processing oil-type sunflower seed. Statistical comparisons were made. Tests compared different lots of sunflower seed. Lot I had 11% (w.b.) moisture content and 39.7% oil content and Lot II had 6% (w.b.) moisture content and 42.6% oil content. Greater expeller capacity and oil output were observed with Lot I. Extraction efficiency was better with Lot II. Tests also involved preheating the sunflower seeds of Lot II to 50, 60, and 75 °C before extraction. There was a large improvement in expeller capacity and oil output compared to seeds processed at room temperature. There was a significant difference in the oil output and efficiency between the three preheat temperatures.
Rapid Field Screening Method for Flat Sour Spoilage

A rapid field test based on bacterial catalase was developed to detect flat sour spoilage of shelf stable canned meats. Containers of canned corned beef were spoiled by inoculating with spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus and/or B. coagulans and incubating at 55°C. Spore outgrowth was evident and vegetative cells were usually recovered at levels of at least one order of magnitude above the original spore load. Although neither abnormal odors nor significant pH shifts were detected, catalase was consistently demonstrated in all spoiled samples.
The Present Status of Parathyroid Thermography

THE PURPOSES of this communication are to (1) demonstrate the usefulness of parathyroid thermography in the localization of parathyroid adenomas, (2) stress that this technique is only partly efficacious in patients with parathyroid hyperplasia, and (3) underline the advantages of this noninvasive technique and suggest that it may be acceptable as a screening procedure in patients with hypercalcemia. Because of the increased use of multiphasic screening, the need exists for a simple screening procedure in individuals with asymptomatic hypercalcemia. Although parathyroid thermography is an incompletely tested procedure, preliminary studies suggest that it may prove efficacious in the presurgical localization of parathyroid adenomas. 1-4 Approximately 80% to 90% of parathyroid adenomas lie in the neck, with the inferior parathyroid glands affected in more than 75%. In spite of the established efficacy of selective catheterization of the thyroid venous plexus with radioimmunoassay of the samples for parathyroid hormone concentration, the catheterization may
Molluscan community composition and richness in four high-elevation Idaho streams includes an exotic taxon

Abstract: Effective conservation requires that natural resource managers understand the diversity of organisms within a jurisdictional unit. Too frequently, conservation priorities are determined without adequate biological information, leading to inefficient use of very limited resources. We investigated molluscan community composition and richness within the eastern portion of the Sawtooth National Recreation Area (i.e., management unit) in Custer County, Idaho, USA to (1) identify populations of non-native species, if present, (2) acquire baseline information on the distribution, relative abundance, and diversity of molluscs in this high-elevation ecosystem, and (3) provide resource managers with useful information with which to inform conservation priority-setting. We found a rich molluscan community comprised of 19 species from 11 genera and 7 families. We also documented a single population of the non-native species Radix auricularia Linnaeus, 1758 from samples at Alturas Lake. Management of the ver...
Surface-based observation of aerosol indirect effect in the Mid-Atlantic region

[1] A method for assessing the aerosol indirect effect based on back trajectory analysis and cloud and aerosol properties derived from a combination of observations from the Multifilter Rotating Shadow Band Radiometer and microwave radiometer at a newly established atmospheric measurement field station in the Baltimore-Washington corridor is reported in this article. Six months of aerosol and cloud optical depth data are segregated according to air mass history based on back trajectory analysis. Under stagnant and polluted conditions where air flow across the region is predominantly from west–southwest, aerosol optical depth is on average three to four times greater than in air masses that advect rapidly from north and east. When sorted by mean cloud liquid water path, cloud-droplet effective radius in polluted air masses is on average 0.9 μm smaller than that observed under more pristine conditions. Analysis is presented to confirm the statistical significance of this result.
Importance of turbulence for the prediction of surface pressures on low-rise structures

Abstract Full/model-scale pressure coefficients at four different locations on the surface of a rectangular structure are compared in order to evaluate basic wind-tunnel simulation criteria. Analysis of field records from the Wind Engineering Research Field Laboratory (WERFL) are limited to those records for which the streamwise and lateral turbulence intensities closely matched those of the simulations. No attempt is made to scale the turbulence integral scale. Flow parameters and pressure data from field records are compared with those from two wind-tunnel model (scale 1:50) experiments. The first simulation features the conventional spire-roughness method, while for the second simulation small spires are added just upstream of the model location. The purpose of the addition of the small spires is to match the lateral turbulence intensities and to increase the small-scale turbulence content of the three components in the incident flow.
Structure of monoclinic dicalcium pyrophosphate tetrahydrate

Ca2P2O7·4H2O, monoclinicP21/c, a=6.008(1),b=25.034(4),c=6.837(1) A,β=109.7 (1)°,Z=4,D0=2.20,Dc=2.24 g cm−3. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by block-diagonal matrix least squares to a finalR value of 0.038. Both calcium atoms are seven coordinate. The\(\overline {P - O_T } \) distance is 1.510(6) A, whereas the\(\overline {P - O_B } \) distance is 1.619(1) A and the P-OB-P angle is 125.9(1)°.
Infant injury death in Washington State, 1981 through 1990

Objective: To measure annual rates of infant injury death in Washington State and identify potential risk factors for infant injury death. Methods: A population-based case-control study using a linked file of birth and death certificates for the years 1981 through 1990. Results: The leading causes of infant injury death, per 100000 live births, were intentional injury (9.1); suffocation, choking, or hanging (6.9); motor vehicle crashes (4.4); and drowning (3.2). Unintentional injury death rates fell steeply during the 1970s but remained steady during the 1980s. Infanticide rates rose during the 1980s. Young maternal age (odds ratio, 9.0; 95% confidence interval, 4.5 to 17.9, for age 30 years) and higher parity (odds ratio, 5.0; 95% confidence interval, 3.1 to 8.3, for parity of two or more vs parity of zero) were associated with infant injury death. There was a twofold increase in the risk of infant injury death if the mother smoked, was black, or lived in a rural area. Male sex of the infant, late prenatal care, and low income were associated only with intentional deaths, while higher parity was more strongly associated with unintentional injury deaths. Conclusions: During 1981 through 1990, infant mortality caused by injuries increased in Washington State. Young maternal age and higher parity were strongly associated with infant injury death. (Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1994;148:1021-1026)
miRNAS in normal and diseased skeletal muscle

The last 20 years have witnessed major advances in the understanding of muscle diseases and significant inroads are being made to treat muscular dystrophy. However, no curative therapy is currently available for any of the muscular dystrophies, despite the immense progress made using several approaches and only palliative and symptomatic treatment is available for patients. The discovery of miRNAs as new and important regulators of gene expression is expected to broaden our biological understanding of the regulatory mechanism in muscle by adding another dimension of regulation to the diversity and complexity of gene-regulatory networks. As important regulators of muscle development, unravelling the regulatory circuits involved may be challenging, given that a single miRNA can regulate the expression of many mRNA targets. Although the identification of the regulatory targets of miRNAs in muscle is a challenge, it will be critical for placing them in genetic pathways and biological contexts. Therefore, combining informatics, biochemical and genetic approaches will not only expected to reveal the elucidation of the miRNA regulatory network in skeletal muscle and to bring a better knowledge on muscle tissue regulation but will also raise new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in muscular dystrophies by identifying candidate miRNAs as potential targets for clinical application.
Changes in parasympathetic and sympathetic neurochemical indices in hearts of myopathic hamsters

Abstract Sympathetic neurochemical indices in heart are increased in Syrian golden hamsters with skeletal and cardiac myopathy. The possibility that parasympathetic neurochemical indices might be altered was investigated in myopathic and normal hearts by measuring activity of choline acetyltransferase involved in acetylcholine synthesis. Confirming a previous report, tyrosine hydroxylase activity increased in failing myopathic hearts and norepinephrine concentration decreased. Extending previous work, tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-β-hydroxylase activities in myopathic hearts demonstrated progressive, age-related increases. These changes were associated with reduced choline acetyltransferase activity in hearts of older myopathic hamsters (180 to 300-plus days). Decreases tended to be more pronounced in hamsters with cardiac hypertrophy and fluid retention (290–360 days old). Neurochemical evidence of increased sympathetic indices (dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity) was detected at 30 days of age. Evidence of decreased parasympathetic indices (choline acetyltransferase activity) was detected at 180 days of age and persisted through terminal phases of heart failure. This study demonstrated that there are abnormalities in cardiac parasympathetic as well as cardiac sympathetic indices in myopathic hamsters.
Fiber Remodeling During Torsion of a Fiber Reinforced Hyperelastic Cylinder—Unloading Behavior

Previous studies introduced a constitutive theory for fiber reinforced hyperelastic materials that allows the fibers to undergo microstructural changes. In this theory, increasing deformation of the matrix leads to increasing stretch of the fibers that causes their gradual dissolution. The dissolving fibers reassemble in the direction of maximum principal stretch of the matrix. The implications of the constitutive theory were first studied for two homogeneous deformations: uniaxial extension along the fibers and simple shear in the direction normal to the fibers. The constitutive theory was then used in treatment of the non-homogeneous deformation of combined axial stretch and twisting. The emphasis was on the determination of the influence of increasing axial stretch and twist on the spatial distribution of fiber dissolution and reassembly within the cylinder and also on the axial force and torque applied to the end faces of the cylinder.
Penis tourniquet syndrome and penile amputation.

Abstract Penis tourniquet syndrome and amputation caused by strands of hair is reported. Successful repair of penile amputation for whatever cause has been rarely reported in the literature. All physicians should be cognizant of the existence of this type of trauma in pediatric patients and immediate attempts made to remove the encircling hair strands. If amputation of the penis has occurred, an attempt should be made to reconstruct the distal phallic shaft and urethra to obtain a viable complete phallus.
Tracking Luminescence of ZnO During Electron Beam Irradiation

We have developed instrumentation for collecting the luminescence spectrum from solid samples while they are irradiated by electrons of sufficient energy to produce point defects. This instrumentation is used to investigate the evolution of the broad region of the zinc oxide luminescence spectrum which lies between 250 nm and 650 nm (4.95 eV to 1.90 eV). Electron irradiation is at 0.55 MeV and 1.0 MeV. Irradiation at 0.55 MeV produces only defects associated with displaced oxygen. Irradiation at 1.0 MeV produces defects which can be associated with displacement of either oxygen or Zn. The samples were held at liquid-nitrogen temperature to give the best possible defect lifetime for any defect created. A luminescent band centered at 415 nm (2.99 eV) was observed to grow with increasing irradiation dose in samples grown by pulsed laser deposition. There was no difference in the growth of the luminescence during irradiation at 0.55 MeV and 1.0 MeV. No discernible luminescence or alteration of the luminescence from the traditional green band region was observed during irradiation of these samples.
Alloy Selection and Die Design for Stamped Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) Bipolar Plates

Abstract Proton exchange membrane fuel cells have benefits over heat engines and batteries as an energy system for transportation, stationary power, and portable electronics. Before fuel cells can replace current energy systems, their manufacturing cost to performance ratio must be improved. The bipolar plate is a fuel cell component that contributes significantly to fuel cell manufacturing costs and is a key driver of performance. Metallic bipolar plates, with characteristic flow dimensions below the standard 1 mm, were fabricated using direct machining. Hydrogen/air fuel cells constructed of these plates were tested to ensure performance gains, using interdigitated flow operation and automobile-representative channel lengths. Finite Element Modelling (FEM) was used to investigate the manufacture of bipolar plates using low cost sheet metal stamping. Multiple bipolar plate alloys were compared based on their stampability, and die design parameters needed to stamp submillimeter channels were determined. Springback analysis was performed, and the effect of springback on fuel cell stack stresses was investigated.
A geochemical study of rocks from the Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic

Basalts from the Walvis Ridge, an aseismic ridge in the eastern South Atlantic Ocean, have been analyzed to investigate the origin and evolution of this feature, and its relation to Tristan da Cunha. The principal minerals in the basalts are plagioclase, clinopyroxene and Fe-oxides. The alkalic nature of the samples is indicated by the high content of the orthoclase end-member in the feldspars, and the aluminous titanaugites, which contain up to 3.2 wt.% TiO2. Chemically, the basalts can be divided into two related major groups. Group I is slightly more evolved and is characterized by high TiO2, FeO∗, V and Zr concentrations, while group II contains relatively low TiO2 and FeO∗ contents, but has high concentrations of CaO, Na2O and Al2O3. The differences between them are explained by the relative importance of ilmenite precipitation during crystallization in group I and plagioclase precipitation in group II. All of the basalts from the Walvis Ridge are geochemically distinct from Mid-Ocean Ridge basalts originating at spreading centers including those at equivalent latitudes in the South Atlantic. A change in the Zr/Nb ratio of the basalts is observed along the Walvis Ridge — from a value of 10 at the eastern end, 6 in the central section, to ∼4 for Tristan da Cunha. This suggests that the composition of the mantle source was different for the various provinces along the ridge and may have changed progressively with time if the Walvis Ridge represents the trace of the Tristan da Cunha hot spot.
Constricted and Constructed Potentiality: An Inquiry Into Paradigms of Change

In this essay, we identify and explicate two paradigms for generating change. In the conventional paradigm of constricted potentiality, change agents focus on tangible material conditions and use persuasion, directed externally, to change those conditions and thus improve their internal states. In the alternative paradigm of constructed potentiality, individuals focus on symbolic resources and use interpretation to change their own internal states, which then influence material conditions. We conclude with responses to questions and concerns often raised about the paradigm of constructed potentiality.
Mis)conceptions and reconceptions about traditional science.

"Traditional" science (ie, scientific work that has evolved from the natural sciences) is still said to rely on theory-neutral facts, quantitative data, and the search for universal laws. This depiction of science is incongruent with much contemporary thinking. This article examines three shifts in recent philosophy that are relevant for nursing science philosophy: the move from foundationalism to an understanding of the fallibility of science, the shift in emphasis from verification to justification of knowledge claims, and the recent examination of explanation by scientific realists. It is suggested that scientific realism may be a fruitful area of inquiry for philosophers of nursing science.
The Effects of Inflectional Variation on Fast Mapping of Verbs in English and Spanish

To use morphological cues for syntactic bootstrapping, children must recognize that inflectionally varying words (e.g., pushes, pushed) are instances of the same word. Children who are exposed to l...
The dopamine D3 receptor antagonist PNU-99194A fails to block (+)-7-OH-DPAT substitution for d-amphetamine or cocaine

Abstract The present study examined the role of dopamine D 3 receptor actions in the stimulus generalization produced by (+)-7-OH-DPAT in rats trained to discriminate either d -amphetamine or cocaine from saline. Twelve male Sprague–Dawley rats were trained to discriminate d -amphetamine (1.0 mg/kg) and 12 rats were trained to discriminate cocaine (5.0 mg/kg) from saline in a two-choice, water-reinforced operant procedure. Stimulus generalization tests were administered with the D 3 receptor-preferring agonist, (+)-7-hydroxy- N , N -di- n -propyl-2-aminotetralin ((+)-7-OH-DPAT, 0.01–1.0 mg/kg) as well as the D 3 -preferring antagonist, 5,6-di-methoxy-2-(dipropylamino)indan-hydrochloride (PNU-99194A, 5–40 mg/kg). PNU-99194A (10–40 mg/kg) was also administered in combination with the training dose of d -amphetamine or cocaine to test for antagonism of each training drug cue. Finally, to assess the role of D 3 receptor actions in the stimulus generalization produced by (+)-7-OH-DPAT (0.1 mg/kg), PNU-99194A (10, 20 mg/kg) was tested in combination with this compound in each training group. The results showed complete stimulus generalization with (+)-7-OH-DPAT in rats trained to discriminate d -amphetamine, although only partial stimulus generalization was observed with this compound in rats trained to discriminate cocaine. PNU-99194A produced partial substitution for both training drugs, and failed to block the discriminative stimulus effects of either d -amphetamine or cocaine. Moreover, this compound failed to block the stimulus generalization produced by (+)-7-OH-DPAT in rats trained to discriminate d -amphetamine. These results question the importance of D 3 receptor actions in the discriminative stimulus effects of psychostimulants and their similarities to (+)-7-OH-DPAT.
Medical Accuracy in Sexuality Education: Ideology and the Scientific Process

Recently, many states have implemented requirements for scientific or medical accuracy in sexuality education and HIV prevention programs. Although seemingly uncontroversial, these requirements respond to the increasing injection of ideology into sexuality education, as represented by abstinence-only programs. I describe the process by which health professionals and government advisory groups within the United States reach scientific consensus and review the legal requirements and definitions for medical accuracy. Key elements of this scientific process include the weight of scientific evidence, the importance of scientific theory, peer review, and recognition by mainstream scientific and health organizations. I propose a concise definition of medical accuracy that may be useful to policymakers, health educators, and other health practitioners.
Interaction of airborne and structure-borne noise radiated by plates

The interaction of airborne and structure-borne noise radiated by aircraft structures is studied analytically and experimentally for the case of noise radiating from thin, isotropic, rectangular aluminum plates as a result of fully coherent, combined acoustic and vibrational inputs. Attention is given to the great influence of the relative phase between inputs on the combined noise radiation characteristics of the plates; these phase-dependent effects, which are manifest as cross-terms in both the dynamic and acoustic portions of the analysis, can radically alter the combined sound power radiated by airframe structure plates. Such interactive effects have heretofore been neglected in analyses of results from analytical and experimental studies of propeller-driven aircraft interior noise.
Sedimentary and Structural Characteristics of Lower Paleozoic Strata Adjacent to Buried Precambrian Topography in Southeastern Missouri: ABSTRACT

A mature Precambrian topography in southeastern Missouri having a maximum relief of more than 2,000 ft was buried by Late Cambrian and Ordovician sediments, but is now extensively resurrected by stream erosion. Peripheral dips in sedimentary strata adjacent to the buried topography of as much as 34° are shown to be limited in lateral extent, and are interpreted as due mainly to the compaction of carbonate muds by as much as 25%. Detrital igneous material ranging in size from fine sand to large boulders is locally abundant in some sedimentary units. Sedimentary breccias are common at the margins of depositional basins bordered by Precambrian ridges. These breccias are attributed by Snyder and Odell to submarine sliding on slopes of as little as 4°. Algal and stromatolite reef facies are developed at the margins of the depositional basins, and appear closely related to the Precambrian topography which apparently existed as islands or shoal areas in early Paleozoic seas. Joints and fractures developed in sedimentary strata exhibit both radial and tangential orientation with respect to the configuration of the buried hills. Comparison with results of model experiments by Cloos and Beloussov, and theoretical analysis support a concept of origin in which tensional stresses developed in the sediments during compaction. The area of these stratigraphic and structural features constitutes a unique "laboratory of exposures" which provides opportunities for comparison with facies encountered in deep drilling elsewhere in the Mid-Continent. End_of_Article - Last_Page 644------------
A Schottky-barrier solar cell on sliced polycrystalline GaAs

Antireflecting‐metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (AMOS) technology has been applied to sliced wafers of polycrystalline GaAs having grain sizes of about 100 μm. Simulated AM1 sunlight efficiencies up to 14% were obtained, and studies using the scanning electron microscope showed that grain boundaries have minimal effect on short‐circuit current density. However, current‐voltage characteristics show some influence on open‐circuit voltage.
Regulation of scallop myosin by mutant regulatory light chains.

Scallop adductor myosin is regulated by its subunits; the regulatory light chain (R-LC) and essential light chain (E-LC). Myosin light chains suppress muscle activity in the absence of calcium and are responsible for relaxation. The binding of Ca 2+ to the myosin triggers contraction by releasing the inhibition imposed on myosin by the light chains. To map the functional domains of the R-LC, we have carried out mutagenesis followed by bacterial expression. Both wild-type and mutant proteins were hybridized to scallop myosin heavy chain/E-LC to map the regions of the light chain that are responsible for the binding to the myosin heavy chain/E-LC, for restoring the specific calcium-binding site, and controlling the myosin ATPase activity. The R-LC is expressed in Escherichia coli using the pKK223-3 (Pharmacia) expression vector and has been purified to greater than 90% purity. E. coli -expressed wild-type R-LC differs from the native R-LC by having the initiating methionine residue and an unblocked NH 2 terminus. The wild-type R-LC restores Ca 2+ binding and Ca 2+ sensitivity when hybridized to scallop myosin. A point mutation of the sixth Ca 2+ -liganding position of domain I (Asp39 → Ala39) results in a R-LC that binds more weakly to the heavy chain/E-LC and restores the specific Ca 2+ -binding site but not regulation of the actin-activated Mg 2+ ATPase. A second mutation was produced by substituting the last 11 residues of the COOH terminus with 15 different residues. This mutant restores the specific Ca 2+ -binding site, but does not restore Ca 2+ regulation to the actin-activated ATPase activity. Several other point mutations do not alter light chain function. The experiments directly establish that the divalent cation-binding site of domain I is functionally distinct from the specific Ca 2+ -binding site. The results indicate that an intact domain I and the COOH terminus are required to suppress the myosin ATPase activity. The fact that the domain I mutation and the COOH-terminal mutation disrupt regulation but do not affect Ca 2+ -binding indicates that these two aspects of regulation are separable and, therefore, the R-LC has distinct functional regions.
CLINICAL NOTE ON MMPI POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER SCALE (PK)

Summary.-An MMPI scale for the detection of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder has been altered in MMPI-2. The entire scale, not readily retrievable, is presented for the MMPI group form. Recently the author had a case which seemed to have been improperly diagnosed. Although the client had a history of transient delusional paranoid ideation, a clear-cut stressor precipitated his condition, and it appeared that his schizophreniform symptoms were manifestations of a Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). There was no history of his prior use of mental health services and no familial history of mental illness. To assist in differential diagnosis the PTSD scales (PK and PS) of the MMPI were scored. Greene (1991) stated that the former was derived by contrasting PTSD patients with those with other psychiatric diagnoses, whereas the latter scale was constructed by contrasting PTSD patients with normal subjects. The subject in question obtained T scores > 70 on both scales and his profile was similar in configuration to that defined by Keane, Malloy, and Fairbank (1984) in their decision rules in that it met two of the three criteria for PTSD. His entire profile was as follows: 4"8"062'79-513: 1# F'-/L?K#. Users of the MMPI-2 will find both scales in the manual for the MMPI-2 (Hathaway & McKinley, 1989); however, in modifying the MMPI, three items of PK, all of which are duplicates of others contained in the original scale, were dropped. This original scale has been rather widely used in recent research. The PsychLIT data bases from 1/74 to 12/86 and from 1/87 to 12/92 contain 64 citations. Inasmuch as Keane's study and others have identified an optimal cutting score based on the original 49-item scale, as well as decision rules based on the MMPI group form profile, it is of interest to have the original scale avdable. The original scale was evolved using the MMPI, Form R, and the items are designated in Keane, et al. (1984, p. 889). The three forms, MMPI group form, Form R, and MMPI-2, use somewhat different item numbers. As has been noted above, the MMPI-2 manual and Keane, et al. designate 46 items and 49 items, respectively, in accord with their respective item numbering, but those interested in using the MMPI group form will find it difficult to retrieve the original scale in its
Zur Histopathologie und Topik der experimentellen TeschenerKrankheit. (Virus-Encephalomyelitis des Schweines)

Bei der Teschener Krankheit des Schweines handelt es sich um eine durch ein spezifisches neurotropes Virus hervorgerufene Encephalomyelitis. Die erkrankten Tiere zeigen klinisch Fieber, Unruhe, Appetitlosigkeit, Opisthotonus und Krampfe; ferner Tremor, Zwangsbewegungen, Nystagmus, Gleichgewichtsstorungen, Ataxie und Lahmung der Extremitaten. Meist fuhrt die Krankheit zum Tode. Das klinische Bild weicht in mehrfacher Beziehung von dem der Poliomyelitis ab. Eine im Laufe der Erkrankung zunehmende Meningitis ist schon in den fruhesten Stadien nachweisbar. Sie ist ortlich sehr Verschieden ausgepragt. Eine massive lymphoplasmocytare Infiltration ist uber dem Kleinhirn vorhanden, uber den Groshirnhemispharen erreicht sie mittlere Grade und am Ruckenmark und Medulla oblongata ist so gut wie gar nichts zu sehen.
Decomposition mechanisms of trimethylgallium

Abstract The thermal decomposition of trimethylgallium (TMGa) has been studied in a variety of carrier gases, using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer to analyze the products and obtain kinetic information. N 2 and He give almost identical pyrolysis curves. Addition of toluene in He shifts the decomposition to higher temperatures; thus methyl radical attack on the parent TMGa is important in the inert carriers. H 2 and D 2 accelerate the reaction compared to N 2 . Addition of a small amount of CH 3 radicals from trimethylindium pyrolysis lowers the pyrolysis temperature significantly, indicating a chain reaction. The products of a D 2 /toluene mixture show that the active species are the H or D atoms rather than CH 3 radicals. These data show that the major reactions involved in TMGa decomposition in N 2 or He are (CH 3 ) 3 Ga → CH 3 + (CH 3 ) 2 Ga and CH 3 + (CH 3 ) 3 Ga → CH 4 + CH 2 Ga(CH 3 ) 2 . In H 2 a chain reaction takes place: CH 3 + H 2 → CH 4 + H and H + (CH 3 ) 3 Ga → CH 4 + CH 3 + CH 3 Ga. Numerical modeling was used to test these proposals. By this means it was determined that in addition to the reactions above, a key reaction is decomposition of CH 2 Ga(CH 3 ) 2 to give CH 2 GaCH 3 + CH 3 . As with other main group organometallics, the entire decomposition mechanism is complex.
The 'textual attitude' and new technology

Abstract One of the most important tasks information systems executives face is making sense of emerging opportunities for organizational innovation through information technology. However, the parlance of information systems practitioners yields a variety of metaphors suggesting that this crucial task is a perilous one, in which success is far from assured. This paper reports on an interpretive study of these metaphors, using data from field interviews. Five images are identified, which evoke certain hazards and illuminate aspects of a successful executive response. The subsequent analysis of these images reveals how they serve constructively in promoting rationality in sensemaking, against a background that includes an ontologically problematic innovation and belief formation under institutional pressure. The paper concludes with some thoughts on the wider role of discourse in innovation sensemaking.
Television system for verification and documentation of treatment fields during intraoperative radiation therapy

Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) involves direct treatment of tumors or tumor beds with large single doses of radiation. The verification of the area to be treated before irradiation and the documentation of the treated area are critical for IORT, just as for other types of radiation therapy. A television system which allows the target area to be directly imaged immediately before irradiation has been developed. Verification and documentation of treatment fields has made the IORT television system indispensable.