cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exemplifying Collaborative Autoethnographic Practice via Shared Stories of Mothering

In this piece, we articulate the "collaborative autoethnographic practice" we utilized to illustrate the complexities of mothering that involved: (a) individually writing autoethnographic narratives on mothering, (b) sharing these autoethnographic narratives in a public forum, (c) publicly discussing the heuristic commonalities across these autoethnographic narratives, (d) tying those commonalities back to the literature, and (e) revisiting the autoethnographic narratives for aspects of social critique where our autoethnographic narratives (intentionally or unintentionally) hegemonicaly reproduced cultural scripts. We argue that presenting knowledge of mothering in this way, through collaborative autoethnographic practice, creates a myriad of opportunities for growth and self-reflexivity, and our stories illuminate a part of our existence that often remains unexamined in other methodologies.
HOW TO NUMBER A GRAPH

Publisher Summary This chapter explains the way of numbering a graph. The problem of numbering a graph is to assign integers to the nodes so as to achieve G(Г). The principal questions which arise in the theory of numbering the nodes of graphs revolve around the relationship between G(Г) and e, for example, identifying classes of graphs for which G(Г)= e and other classes for which G(Г)
A dantzig-wolfe decomposition variant equivalent to basis factorization

A variant of Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition and basis factorization are compared as solution techniques for block angular systems. It is shown that the two methods follow the same solution path to the optimum. The result has implications for the use of decomposition and factorization algorithms together.
Formulation of Iowa State Airport System

An adaptation of the map method was used to identify general aviation airports appropriate for inclusion in the Iowa State Airport System. In this analysis, direct economic benefits were compared with capital costs of development for each airport as an incremental addition to the system. Economic benefits were calculated based on operating cost and travel time savings to candidate airports, if these were developed to system standards, rather than to more distant airports. Additional airports were included in order to increase geographical coverage, although the total system retained a favorable relationship between benefits and costs. The analysis was useful not only in formulating the state system, but also in establishing priorities for development among system airports.
The effects of water and non-nutritive sweetened beverages on weight loss during a 12-week weight loss treatment program

Objective To compare the efficacy of non-nutritive sweetened beverages (NNS) or water for weight loss during a 12-week behavioral weight loss treatment program. Methods An equivalence trial design with water or NNS beverages as the main factor in a prospective randomized trial among 303 men and women was employed. All participants participated in a behavioral weight loss treatment program. The results of the weight loss phase (12 weeks) of an ongoing trial (1 year) that is also evaluating the effects of these two treatments on weight loss maintenance were reported. Results The two treatments were not equivalent with the NNS beverage treatment group losing significantly more weight compared to the water group (5.95 kg versus 4.09 kg; P < 0.0001) after 12 weeks. Participants in the NNS beverage group reported significantly greater reductions in subjective feelings of hunger than those in the water group during 12 weeks. Conclusion These results show that water is not superior to NNS beverages for weight loss during a comprehensive behavioral weight loss program.
Abstract 763: Resistance to cabazitaxel is associated withABCB1/P-glycoprotein activation, alterations in β-tubulin content and dynamics, reduced BRCA1, and a mesenchymal phenotype in MCF-7 human breast cancer variants

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA In order to identify determinants of cellular response to this new taxane, we derived a resistant variant from the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line by stepwise selection in cabazitaxel. The 33-fold resistance to cabazitaxel in this variant, MCF-7/CTAX, was associated with ABCB1/P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activation, but also 3-fold residual resistance to taxanes after modulation with the P-gp inhibitor PSC-833, 2 μM. Another variant was established by co-selecting in the presence of PSC-833 (MCF-7/CTAX-P). This variant was negative for ABCB1 transcripts and accumulated parental levels of rhodamine-123, BODIPY-labeled paclitaxel and [3H]-docetaxel, indicating that the taxane resistance (9-fold) observed in this cell line is not mediated by transporters. However, we observed a 34% reduction in bound fluorescent-labeled paclitaxel in MCF-7/CTAX-P relative to parental controls by flow cytometry. These cells are hypersensitive to depolymerizing agents (vincas and colchicine) indicating a change in tubulin dynamic instability, and we observed reduced baseline tubulin polymer in untreated MCF-7/CTAX-P cells, and impaired tubulin polymerization in response to taxane exposure (cabazitaxel or docetaxel) relative to MCF-7 parental cells. Quantitative PCR and immunoblotting confirmed elevated levels of the class III (TUBB3) β-tubulin isotype in both MCF-7/CTAX and MCF-7/CTAX-P. Reduced BRCA1 content was observed in both MCF-7 variants, which could affect taxane response via the regulation of the mitotic spindle checkpoint. Gene silencing with specific siRNAs confirmed that reduced TUBB3 sensitizes cells to cabazitaxel, and reduced BRCA1 results in taxane resistance. In addition, altered epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers (elevated Vimentin, reduced E-cadherin) are associated with cabazitaxel resistance in these MCF-7 variants. In summary, cabazitaxel resistance mechanisms include MDR (although at a lower level than paclitaxel and docetaxel), and alterations in microtubule dynamicity, as manifested by higher expression of TUBB3, decreased BRCA1, and by the induction of EMT. Citation Format: George E. Duran, Yan C. Wang, E Brian Francisco, Francisco J. Martinez, Branimir I. Sikic. Resistance to cabazitaxel is associated with ABCB1 /P-glycoprotein activation, alterations in β-tubulin content and dynamics, reduced BRCA1, and a mesenchymal phenotype in MCF-7 human breast cancer variants. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 763. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-763
Working Together to Remove Racial and Ethnic Barriers to Student Achievement

This discussion guide was written by John Landesman, Ruby Rubens, and Catherine Orland with Miriam Carter, Mark Clark, Sandra Coles Bell, Judy Jourdain-Earl, Patricia Lee, Eeshan Melder, Michael Pauls, Ottoniel Perez, Paula Puglisi, Jane Smith, and Carolyn Vasques Scalera. Design by John Landesman.The discussion guide introduces the reader to the Study Circles approach to dialogue, community organiing and action. The guide provides guidance through a step by step approach accomplished in six sessions.
Automatically constructing descriptive site maps

Rapid increase in the number of pages on web sites, and widespread use of search engine optimization techniques, lead to web sites becoming difficult to navigate. Traditional site maps do not provide enough information about the site, and are often outdated. In this paper, we propose a machine learning based algorithm, which, combined with natural language processing, automatically constructs high quality descriptive site maps. In contrast to the previous work, our approach does not rely on heuristic rules to build site maps, and does not require specifying the number of items in a site map in advance. It also generates concise, but descriptive summaries for every site map item. Preliminary experiments with a set of educational web sites show that our method can construct site maps of high quality. An important application of our method is a new paradigm for accessing information on the Web, which integrates searching and browsing.
Effects of electromagnetic retardation in the photodisintegration of the deuteron

The photodisintegration of the deuteron is investigated after including both the retardation effects and the effects of the nucleon magnetic moments on the electric-multipole interactions in the earlier work of the Yale group. The expressions for the electric-and magneticmultipole interaction energy between the radiation field and nucleons as derived in the paper by Breit and Rustgi are used and the general procedure of an earlier paper by Rustgi, Zernik, Breit and Andrews is followed. The numerical calculations for a number of realistic nucleon-nucleon potentials are carried out and detailed comparison with the data for gamma-ray energies varying from threshold to 180 MeV is made.
Intersections of conjugacy classes and subgroups of algebraic groups

We show that if H is a reductive group, then nth roots of conjugacy classes are a finite union of conjugacy classes, and that if G is an algebraic overgroup of H, then the intersection of H with a conjugacy class of G is a finite union of H-conjugacy classes. These results follow from results on finiteness of unipotent classes in an almost simple algebraic group.
Magneto-resistive IC memory limitations and architecture implications

Magnetoresistive (MR) elements offer an alternative approach to nonvolatile VLSI memory. The approach has unique aspects which are related to the requirements of high speed, high density, deep sub-micron VLSI memory. The limitations of resistor thermal noise, sensing power, write current, switch fan-out, bandwidth, and voltage supply are discussed. Possible MRAM array architectures are listed, and a novel architecture called the cross point magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) MRAM is described that potentially offers higher signal-to-noise ratio, lower power and higher density than the alternatives. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and power versus bandwidth constraint equations are proposed for MRAM architectures. Sensing alternatives for MR elements are reviewed and voltage requirements of MRAM architectures are described. Finally, MRAM alternatives are compared.
Joint precoding and equalization for ISI channels using multirate filterbanks

We study the problem of intersymbol interference cancellation using multirate filterbank-based joint precoding and equalization. We propose an optimization method for the design of multirate equalizer. The resulting optimal equalizer maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio at its output and outperforms a suboptimal equalizer based on out simulation results. The optimal design is solved via quadratic programming.
Calibration of a gamma-ray telescope using tagged positron annihilation photons.

Measurements of detection efficiency, angular resolution, and energy resolution properties of a gamma ray telescope used to study celestial gamma rays from balloon flight altitudes are described. Nearly monochromatic photons produced at the National Bureau of Standards tagged photon facility were used for the calibration. Details of the photon beam configuration and properties and results of the measurements made at photon energies of 15.1 and 31.1 MeV are presented. Finally, the data are compared with a Monte Carlo analysis of the instrument properties.
Dissociative Excitation of Molecular Hydrogen by Electron Impact

A pulsed electron beam was employed in the experiment to excite a diffuse gas of hydrogen molecules. The energy resolution of the electron gun permitted careful measurements of the thresholds for the production of slow and fast H(2s) atoms. The experiment was conducted in a vacuum system that facilitated a systematic study of the angular distribution of the fragments in the dissociative excitation process. The results permit the identification of the several excited states that are involved in the production of the H(2s) fragments.
Resistance in tobacco to cucumber mosaic virus

Abstract Neither tolerance nor hypersensitivity to cucumber mosaic virus suitable for disease control was found in the genus Nicotiana . Therefore the nature and inheritance of the tendency to escape infection (klendusity) was investigated. Relative susceptibility of tobacco varieties was determined by comparing numbers of lesions induced by a strain of cucumber mosaic virus that had been selected for its ability to incite necrotic local lesions on tobacco. The ratio of lesion counts on the most resistant variety (T.I. 245), on a standard type, and on the most susceptible variety (T.I. 787) was approximately 1:5:20. Similar low lesion counts were obtained on T.I. 245 tobacco with the viruses of tobacco mosaic, tobacco necrosis, tobacco streak, and turnip mosaic. No evidence was found that inhibitors or a lower rate of virus multiplication were associated with this type of resistance. Darkness 24 hours prior to inoculation increased susceptibility of T.I. 245 tobacco much more than it increased susceptibility of the standard type, indicating that resistance was conditioned by physiological factors. Genetically, resistance appeared to depend upon multiple factors. F 2 generation plants from crosses between resistant and susceptible varieties ranged from very susceptible to very resistant. In field tests a lower incidence of disease was observed on T.I. 245 tobacco than on a standard type except in one instance when infection on both types reached 100%. The possibility of obtaining higher degrees of resistance was suggested by the occurrence in hybrid progenies of plants apparently more resistant than the resistant parent.
The effect of mirex on reproduction of Japanese quail and on characteristics of eggs from Japanese quail and chickens

Laying White Leghorn chickens were fed mirex at 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 ppm for 12 weeks, and laying Japanese quail were fed mirex at 0, 5, 40, and 80 ppm for 12 weeks. The data suggest that dietary mirex at these levels did not affect egg production, egg weight, shell thickness, shell calcium, the proportion of broken eggs, or the proportion of soft-shelled eggs of either chickens or quail. Statistical significance (P < 0.05) associated with dietary mirex was detected in the analysis of eggshell weight for chickens; however, because a dose-response relationship of shell weightvs. level of mirex fed was not evident, this observation was attributed to chance. The data suggest that dietary mirex did not affect eggshell weight, fertility, or hatchability of quail. Mirex accumulation in eggs and carcasses of both species was proportional to dose and was slightly higher in quail than in chickens.
Alternative Views of Crime: Legislative Policymaking in Gendered Terms

A potential policy problem based on an actual study of prisons and recidivism rates was presented to 47 Colorado legislators during a taped interview that was later transcribed. Men and women in this study conceptualized the origins of and solutions to crime differently. These differences can be understood in terms of gendered socialization, experiences and opportunities in western societies. Women tended to see criminals as people interacting within the context of societal opportunities, while men tended to see criminals as autonomous individuals responsible for choosing a life of crime. These fundamentally different views of the origins of crime lead to distinctive policy solutions. Finally, the self-articulated orientations were compared with all the actual crime and prison bills proposed in the 1989 session. The gender differences uncovered in the interviews were also found in actual policy proposals. However, women were less successful than men in passing their legislation.
Effect of practolol on the extent of myocardial ischaemic injury after experimental coronary occlusion and its effects on ventricular function in the normal and ischaemic heart

Epicardial electrocardiographic maps were used to assess the effect of practolol (2·5 mg/kg) on the extent and severity of myocardial ischaemic injury after acute coronary artery occlusion in dogs. The average ST segment elevation and number of sites with abnormally elevated ST segments were significantly reduced 15 min following occlusion after practolol pretreatment when compared with a previous 20 min control occlusion (4·7 ± 0·5 to 2·9 ± 0·6 mV and 8·4 ±0·3 to 5·1 ±0·7, respectively). Analysis of ventricular function in normal conscious animals indicated a lack of myocardial depressant effect of practolol, and this finding was confirmed in the group subjected to coronary occlusions.
Why John Aldrich

John Aldrich is a positive scientist—in both the scholastic and colloquial sense. A progeny of the Rochester school, Aldrich's research displays a commitment to the tenets of positive political theory. He derives internally consistent propositions and subjects those claims to empirical testing, all in an attempt to explain scientifically phenomena and institutions at the heart of democratic theory. As a mentor and builder of academic institutions, Aldrich has shown unswerving kindness, modesty, and a commitment to foster new generations of political scientists. He is a positive influence on his students, his colleagues, and the political science discipline at large.
Penetration of Zona-Free Mouse Ova

A mechanical technique for removal of zonae from mouse ova was devel oped to study its role in fertilization. The method involved the aspiration of oocytes in and out of small bore micropipettes. Exposure of oocytes to proteolytic enzymes resulted in reduced sperm penetrability compared intact zonae or mechanically denuded controls. However mechanically denuded ova demonstrated significantly (p less than .001) higher levels of penetration and polyspermy. Unfertilized me chanically denuded ova were morphologically similar to tubal oocytes. Within 1 hour after exposure to sperm cortical granules in unfertilized ova disappeared and denuded polyspermic zygotes showed formation of multiple pronuclei 4 hours after insemination. Experiments on the process of ovum penetration by fresh and capacitated sperm lent weight to the hypothesis that capacitation and the acrosomal reaction are required for zona penetration and sperm-egg fusion.
Mechanical Model for Self-Assembly of Synaptotagmin on a Lipid Membrane

Synaptotagmin (Syt) is a calcium-sensor that is responsible for the action-potential-controlled fusion of synaptic vesicles to pre-synaptic membranes. Recent biochemical and structural studies show that Syt can form ring-like oligomers, which occasionally convert into tubular structures on monolayer or bilayer membrane with buckled membrane inside. This suggests certain mechanical interactions between the Syt and the lipid bilayer. To explore it in detail, we developed a coarse-grained mechanical model assuming that (i) Syt self-polymerizes into an elastic chain with a spontaneous curvature; (ii) Syt attracts the membrane through binding sites located at the inner side of the Syt molecule; and (iii) membrane is a uniform sheet with constant bending rigidity and tension. Using computer simulations, we have been able to estimate the spontaneous curvature and bending stiffness of the Syt chain. The model also allowed us to understand how the Syt oligomerization depends on the strength of Syt-membrane adhesion, the bending rigidity of the membrane, and the pressure on the membrane. These experimentally testable predictions from this modelling study will provide insight into the molecular mechanism of calcium-triggered membrane fusion at the synapse.
Large format high operability low cost infrared focal plane array performance and capabilities

Large format detector arrays are responsive uniformly over spectral 1-5μm wavelength range and are available with RVS' high quality HgCdTe detector epitaxial layers on large area 15 cm diameter wafers. Large wafers enable both low cost High Definition (HD) staring FPAs, as well as the ability to approach giga-pixel format detector arrays with a seamless 10cm ×10cm continuous image plane size possible. With a 15 cm diameter detector substrate it is a straightforward growth path to a 5k×5k μm pitch 25 Mega-pixel infrared focal plane array (FPA) with smaller pitches allowing even greater format along the 10cm die length. This paper describes arrays 1.5 to 4 Mega-pixel infrared HgCdTe developed by RVS for demanding higher performance applications. Performance data for both the detector and ROIC for typical SWIR and MWIR FPAs operating at 85K will be presented. This paper will provide FPA performance capability for small pitch large format HgCdTe/Si detector arrays fabricated at RVS and manufacturing readiness low cost Mega-pixel infrared FPAs for current and future wide FOV high-resolution systems.
Moisture-Assisted Crack Growth in Polymer Adhesive-Glass Sandwich Geometries

Moisture-assisted crack growth in polymer/glass interfaces was measured as a function of the applied energy release using a four-point flexure test coupled with an inverted microscope. The specimens consisted of two glass plates bonded together with a thin layer of epoxy adhesive. Roughening the surface of one of the interfaces increased its fracture resistance sufficiently so that crack growth on this interface was inhibited. Thus, crack growth would occur only on the “smooth” interface (one with the least fracture resistance) or in the case where both interfaces were smooth, dual cracking occurred. Finite element analysis was used to explain the observed crack growth results.
Lip morphology and area changes associated with surgical correction of mandibular prognathism.

Summary Changes in lip morphology and area, measured in two dimensions from standardized lateral head films, were assessed in a series of twenty adults at three times: pre-surgically, 8–14 months post-surgically, and a long-term follow-up at 5–7 years. All individuals received the same, single surgical procedure (Obwegeser sagittal split for correcting mandibular prognathism. Upper and lower lip changes were quantified as millimetres displacement of the lip centroid vertically and horizontally, plus changes in cross-sectional area. Direction and amount of change, its dependency on the amount and kind of surgically induced symphyseal changes, and the intercorrelations among lips and among lip and symphysis variables were statistically evaluated, both univariately and multivariately. Three measures are made of symphysis change: horizontal and vertical repositioning and amount and direction of rotation. Horizontal repositioning primarily affected the lengthening and areal increase of the upper lip. Vertical repositioning had its major influence in the height and cross-sectional area of the lower lip: a superior shift of the mandible made the lower lip shorter, more protrusive and smaller in area; an inferior shift produced an increase in lower lip height with increased area. The third variable, symphyseal rotation, had its greatest influence on the labial-lingual shift of the upper lip's centroid. The long-term follow-up showed little change from the 1 year post-operative conditions; equilibrium of the soft tissue components was then achieved fairly soon after surgery.
Improved quantitative capillary GC by the use of CO2 as secondary coolant in cold on-column injection†

A comparison is made between air and carbon dioxide as secondary cooling gases in cold on-column injection into capillary columns. Because CO2 is a more effective coolant than air, the injection zone can be kept at a colder temperature, thus preventing loss of sample vapor through the open injector even as the initial oven temperatures because greater than the boiling point of the solvent. Sample loss at these elevated temperatures is shown as a reduction in peak area as functions of column temperature during injection and different injection zone temperatures. The maximum allowable oven temperature during injection is significantly higher when CO2 is used as secondary coolant rather than air.
Absence of scalar goldstone “pions”

Abstract The minimal electromagnetic coupling generalization of CVC is used to derive the form of its scalar isovector spectrum. To order α 0 . the spectrum is shown to be empty (including massless states). Order α properties are discussed.
Middle cerebral artery stenosis—a neglected problem?

Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography has great potential for clinical investigations that evaluate flow through the middle cerebral artery in health and disease. This technique will help to elucidate the syndromes of middle cerebral artery stenosis and occlusion, which have been overshadowed by the syndromes of internal carotid artery disease in the past.
24,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 binds to catalase

There is increasing evidence that the vitamin D metabolite, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3) has endocrine actions. In the current work, we report that an endogenous binding protein for 24,25(OH)2D3 is catalase, based on sequence analysis of the isolated protein. An antibody (Ab 365) generated against equivalent protein recognized bovine catalase and a 64 kDa band in subcellular fractions of chick intestine. A commercially available anti-catalase antibody reduced specific [3H]24,25(OH)2D3 binding in subcellular fractions of chick intestine by greater than 65%, relative to the same fractions treated with an unrelated antibody (Ab 099). The same commercially available anti-catalase was able to block the inhibitory actions of 24,25(OH)2D3 on 32P uptake in isolated intestinal epithelial cell suspensions. We subsequently characterized binding of steroid to commercially available catalase, and found that between 0 and 5 nM of enzyme added to subcellular fraction P2 (20,000g, 10-min post-nuclear pellet) resulted in a linear increase in the amount of [3H]24,25(OH)2D3 specifically bound. Additional studies indicated that 25(OH)D3 was an effective competitor for binding, whereas 1,25(OH)2D3 only poorly displaced [3H]24,25(OH)2D3. Saturation analyses with added catalase yielded a physiologically relevant affinity constant (KD=5.6+/-2.7 nM) and a Bmax=209+/-34 fmols/mg protein, comparable to previous studies using purified basal lateral membranes or vesicular fractions. Moreover, in a study on subcellular fractions isolated from chickens of varying ages, we found that in females, both specific [3H]24,25(OH)2D3 binding and catalase activity increased from 7- to 58-week-old birds, whereas in males, elevated levels of both parameters were expressed in preparations of 7- and 58-week-old birds. The data suggest that signal transduction may occur through modulation of hydrogen peroxide production.
Encouraging Ethical Respect Through Multicultural Literature

The author reviews numerous works of multicultural literature that encourage ethical respect and understanding of others.
Elevated natriuretic peptide levels and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults.

Abstract Background Natriuretic peptides have prognostic value across a wide spectrum of cardiovascular diseases and may predict cognitive dysfunction in patients with cardiovascular disease, even in the absence of previous stroke. Little is known about the association of natriuretic peptides with cognitive function in community-dwelling adults. We assessed the association between N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels and cognitive function in community-dwelling ambulatory older adults in the Rancho Bernardo Study. Methods We studied 950 men and women, aged 60 years and older, who attended a research clinic visit where a medical history and examination were performed, and blood for cardiovascular disease risk factors and NT-proBNP levels were obtained. Three cognitive function tests were administered: the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Trail-Making Test B (Trails B), and Category Fluency. Results Participants with high NT-proBNP levels (≥450 pg/mL; n=198) were older and had a higher prevalence of coronary heart disease (12% vs 30%), and stroke (5% vs 11%; P ≤.001 for both). In unadjusted analyses, all 3 cognitive function test scores were significantly associated with NT-proBNP levels ( P P =.02) and Trails B (OR 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.7; P =.01), but not Category Fluency (OR 1.4; 95% CI, 0.9-2.2; P =.19). Results were unchanged after excluding the 6% of participants with a history of stroke. Conclusions NT-proBNP levels were strongly and independently associated with poor cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults.
Nucleotide sequences of the 5' and 3' termini of bacteriophage T7 early messenger RNAs synthesized in vivo: evidence for sequence specificity in RNA processing.

Abstract Sequence analysis of the 5′ and 3′ termini of bacteriophage T7 early RNAs synthesized in vivo supports a model for transcription of the early region in which a large precursor molecule is processed to yield monocistronic messengers plus several overlapping “initiator” RNAs (Dunn & Studier, 1973 a ). The 5′ terminal oligonucleotides, isolated by a two-dimensional electrophoretic technique, are pGpApUp for the messenger RNAs of genes 0.3, 0.7., and 1. The two largest initiator RNAs begin pppApUpCpGp and pppGp, respectively. 3′ terminal oligonucleotides, isolated on columns of dihydroxyboryl-substituted cellulose, are CpCp(Cp)UpUpUpApU OH for all of the RNA species except the last messenger in the early region. 3′ terminal sequence heterogeneity, arising from the addition of several adenylic acid residues to the hydroxyl end of the above sequence, is often observed. The identity of the 5′ and of the 3′ termini of the cleaved messenger species implies that the processing of T7 early RNAs is a sequence specific event.
6-Hydroxydopamine and avoidance: Possible role of response suppression.

Abstract The intraventricular administration of 6-HD to rats pretreated with pargyline resulted in sever, long-lasting decreases in avoidance responding with little or no effect on escape responding. Despite the fact that the rats failed to avoid, they appeared to be able to discriminate the CS, as was evident from freezing behavior and other symptoms of an apparent fear reaction during the CS. The increase in freezing, a response that was incompatible with avoidance was seen during the first few test sessions after 6-HD treatment and seemed to be largely responsible for a gradual decline in avoidance responding during this same period. The role of CA depletion in the animal's response to aversive stimuli thus appears to be a significant aspect of the avoidance decrement that follows 6-HD administration.
Muscle Spindles in Nonhuman Primate Laryngeal Muscles

A total of 38 intrinsic laryngeal muscles from baboon (Papio papio), rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatto) and pigtail macaque (M. nemestrina) were examined for the presence of muscle spindles. A total of 20 spindles were found distributed within 10 thyroarytenoid, 8 cricothyroid, and 11 posterior cricoarytenoid muscles. Spindle density in these samples is similar to that reported for these muscles in humans. The morphological features of the spindles were found to be similar for human and nonhuman primates.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Ionized Cluster Beam Deposition

Fully dynamical computer simulations have been used to study the physical mechanisms of ionized cluster beam deposition. Clusters containing 92 atoms were directed at surfaces with energies per cluster atom ranging from one sixth to three times the cohesive energy of the target. Simulation events employed either Lennard-Jones or Embedded Atom Method potentials. The atoms in the cluster appear to undergo local melting on impact with the substrate. Higher cluster energy increases the spreading of cluster atoms on the substrate and improves epitaxy, but it also increases interdiffusion and produces point defects.
Features of new laser micro-via organic substrate for semiconductor package

An introduced new substrate technology for semiconductor packaging by flip chip bonding has featured with following design deliverables. The conductor line width is 25 μm and the space between the lines is 25 μm minimum at an escape point between flip chip pads. The thickness of dielectric layer is adjusted to obtain characteristic impedance with 50 Ω. A film resin for dielectric is applied to a base core sequentially with conductor plane alternately and laser-drilled micro-via hole is formed in the resin to connect conductor planes. UV-laser drill is employed to provide micro-via hole with 48 μm as drilled. The conductor layers are formed with copper pulse-pattern plating after electroless seed layer plating. The substrate passed JEDEC level-3 stress test and 10 GHz clock frequency possibility was demonstrated.
On the Content of Experience

The intentionalist about consciousness holds that the qualitative character of experience, “what it’s like,” is determined by the contents of a select group of special intentional states of the subject. Fred Dretske (1995), Mike Thau (2002), Michael Tye (1995) and many others have embraced intentionalism, but these philosophers have not generally appreciated that, since we are intimately familiar with the qualitative character of experience, we thereby have special access to the nature of these contents. In this paper, we take advantage of this fact to show that intentionalism is incompatible with the idea that these contents are singular or general propositions, and thus that intentionalism is incompatible with one dominant trend in thinking about contents in general. In particular, there appear to be insoluble difficulties in explaining how the phenomenology of place and time can be explained by any intentionalist theory appealing to singular or general propositions.
Hendersonia occulta (Say, 1831), the Cherrystone Drop Snail (Gastropoda: Helicinidae), extended geographic distribution, Wisconsin, USA

This paper describes a range extension of Hendersonia occulta, the cherrystone drop snail. This species, occurring in heavily wooded areas with carbonate geology, is imperiled in Wisconsin. Prior to our research, H. occulta had been found in 13 counties within Wisconsin, mostly in the southwestern and eastern parts of the state. We have found 13 new populations, both within counties where the snail was known to occur, and within three new counties, representing a ~150 km range extension northward.
TLR4 signaling and the inhibition of liver hepcidin expression by alcohol

AIM: To understand the role of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in the regulation of iron-regulatory hormone, hepcidin by chronic alcohol consumption. METHODS: For chronic alcohol intake studies, TLR4 mutant mice on C3H/HeJ background and wildtype counterpart on C3H/HeOuJ background were pair-fed with regular (control) and ethanol-containing Lieber De Carli liquids diets. Gene expression was determined by real-time quantitative PCR. Protein-protein interactions and protein expression were determined by co-immunoprecipitation and western blotting. The occupancy of hepcidin gene promoter was determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS: Chronic alcohol intake suppressed hepcidin mRNA expression in the livers of wildtype, but not TLR4 mutant, mice. The phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 subunit protein was observed in alcohol-fed wildtype, but not in alcohol-fed TLR4 mutant, mice. Similarly, alcohol
Spectral sum rules and finite volume partition function in gauge theories with real and pseudoreal fermions.

Based on the chiral-symmetry-breaking pattern and the corresponding low-energy effective Lagrangian, we determine the fermion mass dependence of the partition function and derive sum rules for eigenvalues of the QCD Dirac operator in finite Euclidean volume. Results are given for ${\mathit{N}}_{\mathit{c}}$=2 and for the Yang-Mills theory coupled to several light adjoint Majorana fermions. They coincide with those derived earlier in the framework of random matrix theory.
A Sequential Pituitary Stimulation Test in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Amenorrhea-Galactorrhea with Pituitary Tumors

A sequential pituitary stimulation test (SST) using insulin induced hypoglycemia followed by the administration of Gn-RH in combination with TRH and then by Gn-RH alone was utilized to study the hypothalamic-pituitary function of a group of 9 normal controls as well as 15 patients with amenorrhea-galactorrhea and pituitary tumors. With the stimulation of hypoglycemia a significant increase of hGH, cortisol and hPRL occurred in all control subjects 1 h after the administration of insulin, without a significant change in the levels of LH, FSH or TSH. Following administration of Gn-RH and TRH a significant rise of LH, FSH, hPRL and TSH was observed in all control subjects. Following the second bolus of Gn-RH a significantly greater increase of both LH and FSH was also observed. Fourteen out of the fifteen patients with pituitary tumors had a hGH response lower than the controls. No increase in cortisol was noted in four patients. Baseline levels of hPRL were all elevated and no increase occurred in thirteen ...
Use of standardized patients to identify deficits in student performance and curriculum effectiveness

Much literature supports the value of performance-based tests for obtaining an overall assessment of clinical skills; however, these tests can also identify specific deficits in medical curriculum and student learning. This study, conducted over a period of 2.5 years, used standardized patients to identify deficiencies in medical students' evaluation of a patient with "hoarseness and cough." Each of 230 students performed a physical examination and took a medical history, and each was evaluated on 29 items according to predetermined criteria. We conclude the following: (1) When examining a patient complaining of hoarseness and cough, students frequently did not screen for hemoptysis, thyroid problems, and otalgia; (2) Overall test performance correlated positively with the time of year of the rotation, but screening for certain items (including hemoptysis, thyroid problems, and otalgia) appeared not to depend on rotation; (3) Several important items significantly differentiated the more knowledgeable student from the less knowledgeable student.
s-Channel Higgs Boson Production at a Muon-Muon Collider.

High luminosity muon-muon colliders would provide a powerful new probe of Higgs boson physics through s-channel resonance production. We discuss the prospects for detection of Higgs bosons and precision measurements of their masses and widths at such a machine.
Gonadal steroid modulation of LH secretion stimulated by LHRH, Ca2+ and cAMP

Abstract Primary cultures of enzymatically dispersed rat pituitary cells were used to examine steroid effects on LH secretion stimulated by LHRH, Ca2+ and cAMP. Cultures were pretreated for 48 h with testosterone (T) or 17β-estradiol (E) and then challenged for 4 h with various secretogogues. T did not affect basal LH secretion; it inhibited the responses to Ca2+ and LHRH; and it potentiated the response to cAMP. E stimulated both basal LH secretion and the responses to all secretogogues, without affecting cell LH content. Thus, T affects stimulus-secretion coupling, while E affects secretion per se. All steroid effects were blocked by steroid antagonists, indicating that steroid action is receptor-mediated regardless of the secretogogue involved. The similarity of steroid effects on the responses to LHRH and Ca2+ but not cAMP suggests that Ca2+ rather than cAMP is a second messenger for LHRH, and that steroid action occurs at some step subsequent to LHRH-stimulated Ca2+ mobilization.
The Presence of Odd Pricing in the Texas State Lottery1

We examined 443 drawings from the Texas state lottery from 1992 to 1997 to determine whether odd pricing effects would be found in multimillion-dollar lotteries. Specifically, we predicted that many more lottery tickets than expected would be purchased when the jackpot amount was $10 million than when it was $9 million. Three findings emerged. First, the higher the jackpot, the more tickets were purchased. Second, odd pricing effects were found at $10 million such that approximately 670,000 more tickets were purchased than expected. Third, controlling for the jackpot amount, there were approximately 620,000 fewer tickets purchased for each drawing per year. This final finding provides evidence that people are becoming less interested in multimillion-dollar lotteries.
Ethnicity, Nationalism and the European Cold War

Robert Knight (ed.) (London: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2012), xiv+203 pp Ever since the outbreak of the ethnic conflicts that plagued the Balkans after the end of the Cold War, scho...
Sound Propagation in Flexible, Porous Media

A theory is developed for the propagation of plane, longitudinal waves through a material which is both flexible and porous. An idealized model is constructed consisting of an array of parallel elastic rods uniformly spaced in air. Viscous and inertial coupling forces, as well as pressure squeezing accompanying sidewise expansion of the rods, are responsible for interaction between the air and solid of the model. Two dilatational waves are found in the unbounded medium. The propagation constants describing these waves are written in terms of 6 dimensionless parameters characteristic of the model. Boundary conditions are introduced and an expression is obtained for the acoustic impedance at the front surface of a rigidly backed model of finite thickness. It is shown that viscous coupling forces are of predominant importance in controlling the amount of acoustic energy converted into heat at the internal surfaces of the material. Viscous coupling also determines the amount of energy transferred from the air...
Octameric Stoichiometry of the KATP Channel Complex

ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels link cellular metabolism to electrical activity in nerve, muscle, and endocrine tissues. They are formed as a functional complex of two unrelated subunits—a member of the Kir inward rectifier potassium channel family, and a sulfonylurea receptor (SUR), a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter family, which includes cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulators and multidrug resistance protein, regulators of chloride channel activity. This recent discovery has brought together proteins from two very distinct superfamilies in a novel functional complex. The pancreatic KATP channel is probably formed specifically of Kir6.2 and SUR1 isoforms. The relationship between SUR1 and Kir6.2 must be determined to understand how SUR1 and Kir6.2 interact to form this unique channel. We have used mutant Kir6.2 subunits and dimeric (SUR1-Kir6.2) constructs to examine the functional stoichiometry of the KATP channel. The data indicate that the KATP channel pore is lined by four Kir6.2 subunits, and that each Kir6.2 subunit requires one SUR1 subunit to generate a functional channel in an octameric or tetradimeric structure.
Lattice dynamics of tetrahedrally bonded semiconductors containing ordered vacant sites

Infrared and Raman spectra of defect-structure semiconductors ${\mathrm{In}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$, and ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ with ordered vacant sites were measured on polycrystalline samples and analyzed. The interpretation of the observed spectra is based on the existence of uniterrupted chains of tetrahedra along the directions interconnecting the two next-nearest neighbors (the [110] direction in the cubic lattice). Arguments are presented to show that the phonons propagating along this direction dominate the spectra, and that in the first approximation their frequencies can be obtained by a sixfold folding of the Brillouin zone of the simple zinc-blende structure in the [110] direction. The observed spectra were fitted by a rigid-ion model of the corresponding zinc-blende structure, and the dispersion relations for this structure were obtained. It is shown that the defects affect the central forces between the nearest neighbors only slightly while the noncentral forces are changed more significantly. The softening of a mode in ${\mathrm{In}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$ may point out an instability of its ordered structure.
Resolvent Estimates in Lp for Elliptic Systems in Lipschitz Domains

Abstract We obtain the Lp resolvent estimates in Lipschitz domains in R n for constant coefficient elliptic systems satisfying the Legendre-Hadamard condition, where 1 ≤ p ≤∞ for n = 3; and 2n/(n + 3) − δ 0.
ARTIFACTUAL URETHRAL STRICTURE IN MALE CHILD

Artifactual urethral obstruction at the suspensory ligament of the penis may be produced if the penis is left in its normally dependent position during a urethrogram. We present 2 such cases to re-emphasize this phenomenon so that caution is taken in interpreting distal bulbous urethral strictures.
The development of the choledochus and pancreatic ducts in the gecko, Gymnodactylus kotschyi

The development of the choledochus duct and pancreatic ducts in thirty-five embryos of the gecko, Gymnodactylus kotschyi, ranging from stages 20 to 34 (time of hatching), can be divided into four phases: First Phase: Four ducts enter the gut by separate portals. The first duct, posterior to the stomach, is from the ventral anlage of the ventral pancreas. The second is from the left anlage of the ventral pancreas. The third is the choledochus duct. The fourth duct to enter the gut posterior to the stomach is that of the dorsal pancreas. Second Phase: Three ducts enter the gut separately. The duct from the ventral anlage of the ventral pancreas persists, while the duct from the left anlage of the ventral pancreas disappears. The choledochus and dorsal pancreatic ducts enter the gut separately. Third Phase: Two ducts enter the gut separately. The choledochus and dorsal pancreatic ducts unite to enter the gut as a common duct. The ventral pancreatic duct enters the gut separately. Fourth Phase: One common duct results from the fusion of the ventral pancreatic duct with the common duct already formed from the dorsal pancreas and the choledochus duct. The material was collected from the Bosphorus region and killed inZenker's orBouin's B-3, and sectioned and stained in eitherDelafield's haematoxylin and eosin or borax-carmine and lichtgrun.
XDR tuberculosis: an indicator of public-health negligence

In the 1970s short-course chemotherapy for tuberculosis offered the prospect of eradicating the disease from the world. By the late 1980s it became clear that the HIV pandemic would lead to a rapid upsurge of tuberculosis in many countries pose a major threat to tuberculosis control and destroy the hope for eradication. During the 1990s multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis received widespread attention after nosocomial outbreaks in the USA. In todays Lancet Neel Gandhi and colleagues add a new chapter to the story an outbreak of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis in South Africa combining the three threats to tuberculosis control: rapid spread HIV co-infection and drug resistance. Gandhi and colleagues study has important deficiencies including missing information on resistance profiles to four of the six second-line drug classes and missing clinical data precluding determination of risk factors for XDR tuberculosis. Nevertheless the findings show the devastating effect of XDR tuberculosis on patients and health-care workers its alarmingly high mortality rates in those co-infected with HIV and rapid nosocomial spread. (excerpt)
Accentuation of differentially expressed proteins using phage technology

Protein profiling is frequently used to elucidate disease-specific or differentially expressed proteins. While recent developments have resulted in improved differential profiling, alternative expression platforms that complement existing techniques are continually being explored. We developed a novel method utilizing the amplification and selection capabilities of random peptide-expressing M13 bacteriophage to accentuate differentially expressed proteins in biologic specimens. While the current study used this method to demonstrate differentially expressed proteins in lung cancer tissue in comparison to normal lung tissue, this approach is applicable to a wide range of sample types.