cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimism and Coping Strategies Among Caucasian, Korean, and African American Older Women

Coping strategies and optimism have significant effects on the health of older women. Culture affects coping behaviors used to deal with stress. We examined the relationship between optimism and coping strategies used to manage daily stress and health among community-dwelling Caucasian, Korean American, and African American women. Data were collected from 373 women over the age of 65. Results showed that each group used different coping strategies. The more optimistic used more problem-focused and adaptive copings, while the less optimistic employed more avoidant copings. Differences in cultural background and individual levels of optimism guided their coping strategies.
Nonverbal Measurement of Affect: The Graphic Differential

The measurement of affective meaning (Osgood's three universal factors) is easily accomplished via the semantic differential. However, the verbal nature of this instrument prevents its use with many subject groups in which the measurement of affective meaning would be the most interesting: members of illiterate cultures, verbally damaged individuals such as anomic aphasics and thought-disordered schizophrenics, and children younger than 6 years. For these purposes, the present study describes the development of a nonverbal alternative to the semantic differential and assesses the statistical comparability of scores resulting from the use of the two instruments.
A rail pass as a culture code among youth travelers: the case of Rail-ro in Korea

Rail-ro (Railo), a seasonal rail pass for passengers under 25, is considered a culture code among youth in Korea. This study provides an in-depth description about meanings of Railo based on the view of cultural insiders (i.e. youth train backpackers) using ethnographic data collection methods such as participant-observation and semi-structured/unstructured interviews. The results indicated that Railo is not thought of as just a rail pass among youth, but is perceived as an exclusive right of mainly college students to participate in a week-long domestic rail travel. In particular, Railers associated four meanings with Railo: (a) Railo is a perfect opportunity for Railers to make self-initiated travel experiences; (b) Railo is perceived as a privilege exclusively given to young generations, which strongly motivates Railers to travel with Railo in their early twenties; (c) Railo enables Railers to realize the forgotten beauty of Korea and feel a sense of attachment to Korea; and (d) Railo makes Railers mor...
New development on the control of homoepitaxial and heteroepitaxial growth of CdTe and HgCdTe by MBE

Abstract It is reported that rotation twins as well as reflection twins are easily formed in CdTe and HgCdTe grown by MBE in the (111) orientation. Twinning can be avoided by carefully controlling the substrate preparation and by applying very stringent growth conditions, mostly for the stability of Hg pressure and the real surface temperature of the substrate, which is extremely difficult to control when the substrate rotates. A comparison between HgCdTe twinned layers and twin-free layers has shown that electrically active acceptors and high hole mobility are associated with the presence of reflection twins and/or mercury-rich alloy zones due to Hg overpressure during the growth. Twin-free HgCdTe layers can exhibit etch pit density count two orders of magnitude lower than twinned layers. Twin-free CdTe layers have been grown on GaAs and Si substrates. Excellent thickness uniformities have been reported: 0.24% for the standard deviation of a 2-inch diameter CdTe layer grown on GaAs(100) and 2.3% for a 5-inch diameter CdTe grown on Si(100).
Stress in Marital Interaction and Change in Depression: A Longitudinal Analysis

The research undertakes a longitudinal analysis of a model of the effects of stress in marital interaction on change in depressive symptoms as mediated by unfavorable reflected appraisals, low competency, self-efficacy, and self-esteem. The participants were 98 randomly selected married couples interviewed at two separate points in time. The data supported the proposed model. Stressors in marital interaction are associated with unfavorable reflected appraisals that have a direct effect on self-efficacy and an indirect effect on self-esteem. These two self-assessments have a direct effect on depressive symptoms after controlling for lagged level of depressive symptoms. A key variable is self-efficacy, which mediates the effect of reflected appraisals on self-esteem and has a direct effect on change in depressive symptoms.
Agalsidase alfa for the treatment of Fabry disease: new data on clinical efficacy and safety

Background: Fabry disease is an X-linked disease caused by the deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase A. The lack of enzyme activity leads to progressive depositions of undegraded glycolipids in a great number of organs, resulting in a multisystemic disorder. Objectives: Enzyme replacement therapy is available for patients with Fabry disease. Two enzyme preparations have been approved in the European Union by the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA): agalsidase beta (Fabrazyme®, Genzyme Corporation), produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells; and agalsidase alfa (Replagal®, Shire Human Genetic Therapies, Inc.), produced in human cell lines. Methods: This review details the latest reports regarding the clinical efficacy and tolerability of agalsidase alfa in patients with Fabry disease. Results: Agalsidase alfa was shown to be effective in treating pain and in reducing heart size in patients with Fabry disease, to stabilize kidney function and to improve hearing, sweati...
Hypohydration effect on finger skin temperature and blood flow during cold-water finger immersion.

This study was conducted to determine whether hypohydration (Hy) alters blood flow, skin temperature, or cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) during peripheral cooling. Fourteen subjects sat in a therm...
Interactive effects of contaminants and climate‐related stressors: High temperature increases sensitivity to cadmium

An emerging issue in environmental toxicology is in understanding how climate change will alter responses of organisms to chemical contaminants. The objective of the present study was to characterize the interactive effects of cadmium and elevated temperature on life-stage-specific responses in the freshwater snail Physa pomilia. We exposed developing eggs, juveniles, and adults to Cd (5 µg/L, 15 µg/L, and 25 µg/L for eggs, and 250 µg/L for juveniles and adults) and 2 temperatures of 25 °C (control) and 35 °C (upper range of tolerance). In the absence of Cd, time to hatch was shorter at 35 °C compared with 25 °C, demonstrating a stimulatory effect of the higher temperature. However, when egg masses were reared at 35 °C and exposed to Cd, hatching success was significantly lower, and time-to-hatching was significantly longer. The effects of the higher temperature and Cd on newly hatched neonate survival were additive, except at the highest Cd concentration, at which effects of the 2 stressors were greater than additive. Overall, within the combined stressor treatments, adult snails generally survived significantly longer than did juvenile snails, and both were more tolerant than developing snails. Many climate projection models predict future increases in global temperatures. The present study shows that combined stressors may produce greater-than-additive effects, challenging predictive power. More studies are needed to better characterize the interactive effects of chemical contaminants and stressors related to climate change. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1337–1343. © 2013 SETAC
Food-Plant Distribution and Density and Larval Dispersal as Factors Affecting Insect Populations

It is generally agreed that insects whose larvae feed on plants do not increase to the larval food limit except in sporadic and unusual cases. In the few detailed studies which have been made, as, for example, Varley's (1947) study of the knapweed gallfly, the evidence suggests that the insects are held in check by parasites and predators. Andrewartha and Birch (1954) are of the opinion that shortage of food is probably the least important factor in limiting the numbers of animals in a natural population. On the other hand, they have pointed out (p. 489) that while it is unusual for an extensive population to consume all or most of the stock of food in its area, it does not follow that the amount of food is rarely of major importance in determining the numbers of a natural population. Several examples (p. 492) were given in which shortage of food was chiefly responsible for failure of population increase even though the absolute supply seemed adequate. In these cases local supplies were exhausted and the chance of finding fresh supplies depended upon the distribution and abundance of food and the powers of dispersal of the animals. In other words, the food was inaccessible relative to the animals' capacities for dispersal and searching.
Mathematical Representations of Correlations Among Yield Traits and Somatic Cell Score on Test Day

Prediction of lactation yields and accuracies of yields for use in genetic evaluation can be improved by including information from test day correlations, especially for milk recording plans that vary in the numbers of milk weights recorded and component samples taken. Daily milk weights for 658 lactations of Canadian cows and monthly test records of milk, fat, and protein yields and somatic cell scores for 500,000 lactations of US cows were used to estimate phenotypic correlations between test days within herd-year. Correlations between daily yields for a designated interval between test days generally were highest for midlactation and were lowest for early and late lactation. Regression (two linear, two quadratic, and interaction effects) on mean DIM and interval between test days predicted correlations with a squared correlation of 0.94 for daily milk yields. Similar relationships were found for US monthly data. Variation in sampling was reduced, computer memory was minimized, and positive definiteness was guaranteed by fitting regressions on simply defined sources of correlation. An autoregressive matrix represented the within-trait correlations very well. The equations developed could be used to derive covariances and, subsequently, to estimate lactation yields and accuracies from combinations of individual daily milk, fat, and protein yields and somatic cell score.
RODENTS AND A MARSUPIAL (MAMMALIA) FROM THE DUCHESNEAN (EOCENE) TURTLE BASIN LOCAL FAUNA, SEVIER PLATEAU, UTAH

Abstract Peratherium sp. cf. P. innominatum, a species with an early Wasatchian to Duchesnean range, is present in the Turtle Basin Local Fauna. Two new genera and species of rodents are described: Cristadjidaumo mckennai (Eomyidae) and Passaliscomys priscus (Heliscomyidae). The remainder of the rodent fauna consists of species that are similar to Duchesnean faunas from both the northern Great Plains (Saskatchewan) and from southern California. The probable occurrence of Simimys and Griphomys suggests a slightly greater similarity to the fauna of southern California.
Oxygen-dependent H2O2 production by Rubisco.

Oxygen and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate dependent, H2O2 production was observed with several wild type Rubisco enzymes using a sensitive assay. H2O2 and d-glycero-2,3-pentodiulose-1,5-bisphosphate, a known and potent inhibitor of Rubisco activity, are predicted products arising from elimination of H2O2 from a peroxyketone intermediate, specific to oxygenase activity. Parallel assays using varying CO2 and O2 concentrations revealed that the partitioning to H2O2 during O2 consumption by spinach Rubisco was constant at 1/260–1/270. High temperature (38 °C), which reduces Rubisco specificity for CO2 versus O2, increased the rates of H2O2 production and O2 consumption, resulting in a small increase in partitioning to H2O2 (1/210). Two Rubiscos with lower specificity than spinach exhibited greater partitioning to H2O2 during catalysis: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (1/200); and Rhodospirillum rubrum (1/150).
Anisotropic mass-spring method accurately simulates mitral valve closure from image-based models

Heart valves are functionally complex, making surgical repair difficult. Simulation-based surgical planning could facilitate repair, but current finite element studies are prohibitively slow for rapid, clinically-oriented simulations. An anisotropic, nonlinear mass-spring (M-S) model is used to approximate the behavior of valve leaflets and applied to fully image-based mitral valve models to simulate valve closure for fast applications like intraoperative surgical planning. This approach is used to simulate a technique used in valve repair and to assess the role of chordae in determining the closed configuration of the valve. Direct image-based comparison is used for validation. Results of M-S model simulations showed that it is possible to build fully image-based models of the mitral valve and to rapidly simulate closure with sub-millimeter accuracy. Chordae, which are presently difficult to image, are shown to be strong determinants of closed valve shape.
Graphical models for diagnosis knowledge representation and inference

One popular approach for fault diagnosis is based on reasoning about the behavior of a system in failure space. Diagnosis is performed by considering a set of observations (or symptoms) and by explaining it in terms of a set of root causes. There are many modeling methods to capture the system's faulty behavior, such as behavioral Petri nets, multi-signal flow graphs, and Bayesian networks. In this paper, we will investigate the equivalence of these three modeling formalism by way of application to a car engine diagnosis problem, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method
Failure to Thrive Due to Obstructive Sleep Apnea

The clinical features of two children with failure to thrive due to obstructive sleep apnea are presented. Both patients had subnormal growth velocities for height and weight for many months before diagnosis; both were underweight for height. Relief of their airway obstruction by adenotonsillectomy was promptly followed by catch-up growth and subsequent normal growth velocities. Obstructive sleep apnea should be considered in the differential diagnosis of failure to thrive in children.
The Timing and Pattern of Technological Development in English Agriculture, 1611–1850

A chronology of invention in farming is given, based on patent data, for England between 1611 and 1850. The chronology is explained using market analysis. Technological constraints determined the timing of some inventions, most notably for fertilizers. Relative input costs explain the early development of the seed drill and the threshing machine. Inventive output also depended on the market for food. The overall level of patents issued was related to the level of population and to changing food prices.The output market for food was influencing invention through of population growth on the advance of farming technology.
Clinical Applications of Targeted Temperature Management

Targeted temperature management (TTM) has been investigated experimentally and used clinically for over 100 years. The initial rationale for the clinical application of TTM, historically referred to as therapeutic hypothermia, was to decrease the metabolic rate, allowing the injured brain time to heal. Subsequent research demonstrated the temperature dependence of diverse cellular mechanisms including endothelial dysfunction, production of reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis. Consequently, modern use of TTM centers on neuroprotection following focal or global neurologic injury. Despite a solid basic science rationale for applying TTM in a variety of disease processes, including cardiac arrest, traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, neonatal ischemic encephalopathy, sepsis-induced encephalopathy, and hepatic encephalopathy, human efficacy data are limited and vary greatly from disease to disease. Ten years ago, two landmark investigations yielded high-quality data supporting the application of TTM in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Additionally, TTM has been demonstrated to improve outcomes for neonatal patients with anoxic brain injury secondary to hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Trials are currently under way, or have yielded conflicting results in, examining the utility of TTM for the treatment of ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, and acute myocardial infarction. In this review, we place TTM in historic context, discuss the pathophysiologic rationale for its use, review the general concept of a TTM protocol for the management of brain injury, address some of the common side effects encountered when lowering human body temperature, and examine the data for its use in diverse disease conditions with in-depth examination of TTM for postarrest care and pediatric applications.
The creation of value in contemporary television: a grounded approach

Value in the cultural industries is created when the economic and political dimensions of the product itself disappear from view within the overall consumption experience. This phenomenological definition of value, elaborated on the first sections of this paper, releases an alternative account of the current changes in mass-media industries. In television, value-making was characteristically marked by the ideational objective of attracting a broad range of ‘audiences’. The industry is now transitioning from such consensus system, where value was created extensively, towards a post-consensus system, where the experiential fusion of economic, political and dramaturgical elements is more intense, individuated and time-based, thus changing the overall societal status of the medium.
Rights and Regulation: Lawrence v. Texas and the Evolution of Sexual Regulation

Since it was decided in 2003, Lawrence v. Texas has underwritten the effort to expand access to marriage to same-sex couples. It is curious that Lawrence has served as a foundation for same-sex marriage. After all, Lawrence was not a case about marriage — same-sex or otherwise. Instead, Lawrence was a case about criminal sex, and more specifically about limiting the state’s authority to regulate and punish non-marital sex and sexuality. In short, Lawrence was a case about sexual liberty. The focus on Lawrence as a waystation to same-sex marriage has allowed us to overlook a developing threat to Lawrence’s values of sexual liberty and limits on the state’s authority to regulate and punish non-marital sex. As this Essay explains, in the twelve years since Lawrence was decided, an alternative system of sexual regulation has quietly taken shape and become more visible. Meaningfully, this alternative system is distinct from both the criminal sexual regulation that preceded Lawrence and the marital sexual regulation that has flourished in Lawrence’s wake. But while it exists outside of either criminal law or marriage law — the two domains that, historically, have served as the principal sites of state sexual regulation — this alternative system of civil regulation nonetheless incorporates the values of both of these regulatory domains by condemning and punishing sex outside of marriage. And, perhaps most troublingly, this civil system of sexual regulation resists the constitutional protections for non-marital sex that Lawrence conferred. This Essay surfaces and explores this emergent form of civil sexual regulation that, until now, has been neglected and overlooked. As it explains, this alternative system of civil sexual regulation achieves many of the same punitive ends that criminal sexual regulation accomplished before Lawrence, and in so doing repudiates Lawrence’s core values. In this way, this system of civil regulation poses a threat to the prospect of greater liberty in intimate life.
Subcellular localization of pp60src in RSV-transformed cells.

In 1911 Rous demonstrated that a retrovirus, subsequently named Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), could cause a tumor in a chicken. Nearly 60 years elapsed before it was shown that a specific virus function encoded by the src gene of RSV was required for the maintenance of the transformed state. Martin (1970) isolated a temperature-sensitive RSV mutant whose properties indicated that the viral transforming gene product is required for transformation, but not for viral replication. Seven years later, Martin’s genetic experiment was provided with a biochemical foundation when Brugge and Erikson (1977) showed that the transformation gene src encoded a 60 000–dalton (60-kd) protein present in RSV-transformed cells. Since 1977, many genes capable of inducing oncogenic transformation, and hence given the generic name onc, have been recognized, and many of the oncogenes’ protein products have been identified. The molecular biology of retroviruses is reviewed extensively and in great detail by Weiss et al. (1982), and the reader is referred to this volume and numerous reviews referenced therein on specific aspects of retrovirology.
Using Technology to Expand Our Observational Senses

For all our unused sensory power discussed in the previous chapter, our senses are still decidedly limited, and this would restrict our ability to use an observational approach to ecology were it not for technology-facilitated expansions of our senses. This chapter is about how we can use technology to our advantage, how it can lead us astray, and how to harmonize the relationship between the biophilic observer of the natural world and the technophilic scientist who sees the world through technological sensors.
A DEA based composite measure of quality and its associated data uncertainty interval for health care provider profiling and pay-for-performance

Abstract Composite measures calculated from individual performance indicators increasingly are used to profile and reward health care providers. We illustrate an innovative way of using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to create a composite measure of quality for profiling facilities, informing consumers, and pay-for-performance programs. We compare DEA results to several widely used alternative approaches for creating composite measures: opportunity-based-weights (OBW, a form of equal weighting) and a Bayesian latent variable model (BLVM, where weights are driven by variances of the individual measures). Based on point estimates of the composite measures, to a large extent the same facilities appear in the top decile. However, when high performers are identified because the lower limits of their interval estimates are greater than the population average (or, in the case of the BLVM, the upper limits are less), there are substantial differences in the number of facilities identified: OBWs, the BLVM and DEA identify 25, 17 and 5 high-performers, respectively. With DEA, where every facility is given the flexibility to set its own weights, it becomes much harder to distinguish the high performers. In a pay-for-performance program, the different approaches result in very different reward structures: DEA rewards a small group of facilities a larger percentage of the payment pool than the other approaches. Finally, as part of the DEA analyses, we illustrate an approach that uses Monte Carlo resampling with replacement to calculate interval estimates by incorporating uncertainty in the data generating process for facility input and output data. This approach, which can be used when data generating processes are hierarchical, has the potential for wider use than in our particular application.
On the Condition of Establishing Periodical Brand

Periodical brand is a journal's cultural symbol, an outstanding feature which differs from other ones. In order to establish a journal brand, the spirit of innovation, unique features and effective sales promotion are needed.
Primary central nervous system lymphoma in the transplant patient.

Approximately 2 per cent of organ transplant recipients develop primary CNS lymphomas. There is no pathognomonic clinical or radiographic presentation of the tumor, although multicentric involvement of deep white matter is common. Evidence has linked PCNSL to immunosuppression and to infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The most reasonable sequence of events leading to the development of this tumor appears first to be an infection with (or reactivation of) EBV following immunosuppression. The virus then produces B cell lymphoproliferation that is unchecked because of suppression of the normal immune mechanisms. At some point, the lymphoproliferation becomes neoplastic, and a lymphoma results. Reduction in immunosuppression and antiviral treatment may be of use in the treatment of PCNSL in transplant patients.
Comparative Evaluation of Triphala and Ela Decoction With 0.2% Chlorhexidine as Mouthwash in the Treatment of Plaque-Induced Gingivitis and Halitosis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Present study evaluates efficacy of Trifala and Ela as plaque controlling agent and compares it with chlorhexidine.Aim.To evaluate Antigingivitis, Antiplaque and Antihalitosis effect of Triphala an...
Overview of the AVT-191 Project to Assess Sensitivity Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification Methods for Military Vehicle Design

A NATO symposium held in 2008 identified many promising sensitivity analysis and un-certainty quantification technologies, but the maturity and suitability of these methods for realistic applications was not known. The STO Task Group AVT-191 was established to evaluate the maturity and suitability of various sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification methods for application to realistic problems of interest to NATO. The program ran from 2011 to 2015, and the work was organized into four discipline-centric teams: external aerodynamics, internal aerodynamics, aeroelasticity, and hydrodynamics. This paper presents an overview of the AVT-191 program content.
Enhanced Catalytic Performance of Co/MFI by Hydrothermal Treatment

Hydrothermal treatment of Co/MFI catalysts at high temperature increases their performance for NO x reduction with methane. As this treatment also shifts the TPR peak of isolated Co ions upward by 20 °C, the results suggest that the hydrothermal treatment induces transport of Co2+ ions from α to β positions.
mTOR signaling in the differentiation and function of regulatory and effector T cells

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway integrates environmental signals and cellular metabolism to regulate T cell development, activation and differentiation. Recent studies reveal the importance of exquisite control of mTOR activity for proper T cell function, and detailed molecular mechanisms that regulate mTOR signaling in different T cell subsets. Here, we review the latest advances in our understanding of the mTOR pathway and its regulation in the differentiation and function of regulatory T cells and effector T cells.
Introduction to Wild Salmonids in the Urbanizing Pacific Northwest

The central question we address in this book is: Can viable wild salmonid populations coexist with humans in urban and urbanizing areas? Our focus is on wild salmonids in North America’s Pacific Northwest, but the relevance of this book extends to salmonid-bearing watersheds threatened by concentrated human settlement anywhere on the planet. Despite countless management initiatives to recover these vital species and their habitats, wild salmonids have continued to decline inexorably over the past century and a half in the Pacific Northwest. While it has long been understood that intensive land use severely degrades salmon bearing streams, urban areas have received much less focus in salmonid management and rehabilitation efforts. Far more attention has been placed on salmonid impacts from factors such as timber harvest, agriculture, dams, mine operations, and river channel modification. Yet many salmonids must traverse substantial urban areas at least twice in their lifetimes, once as out-migrant juveniles and again as adults returning to spawn. Moreover, many urban areas exist along important river confluences and slough areas that were historically critical refuges for salmonids at various times in their lifecycles. Finally, human populations and economies continue to both increase overall and further concentrate in urbanizing areas. Cities and rural-residential development constitute an ever increasing part of the impact on wild salmonids. Not only is it imperative that we increase our understanding of the growing threat that urban areas exert on wild salmonid populations, but we also desperately need to increase our capability to facilitate the survival and recovery of wild salmonid populations in the face of urban growth and development.
Confirmatory Factor Analytic Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents in a Longitudinal Sample of Adolescents.

While adolescence is a critical stage of development marked by heightened bottom-up emotional reactivity and immature top-down regulatory control, research on emotion regulation has relatively negl...
Complex Systems Biology of Organisms

Complex Systems Biology models and theories are axiomatically defined in terms of concrete categories and organismic supercategories (OS) to include both complete self-reproduction of logically defined pi-entities founded in Quine's logic and dynamic system diagrams subject to both algebraic and topological transformations. Mathematical models of complex organisms are expressed in terms of category theory and organismic supercategories (OS). OS theories have applications in: Bioinformatics, Developmental Biology, Genomics and Molecular Cell Biology
On reducing computational complexity in evaluating the topological survivability of power systems

The topological survivability of a power system is the system ability due to its topology -- the number of system elements that generate and demand power and connections between them -- to supply power to loads under massive sudden damage. Previously we showed that the topological survivability of a power system can be quantified by analyzing the impact of all possible combinations of unrecoverable faults (fault scenarios) on the availability and connectivity of the system elements. The number of possible fault scenarios grows as 2M with increasing the number M of the system elements. Clearly, such an analysis is a computational challenge for large-scale systems. The paper discusses possibilities of reducing computational complexity of the problem.
On Cost Allocation in Hub-Like Networks

We consider telecommunication network design in which each pair of nodes can communicate via a direct link and the communication flow can be delivered through any path in the network. The cost of flow through each link is discounted if and only if the amount of flow exceeds a certain threshold. This exploitation of economies of scale encourages the concentration of flows and use of relatively small number of links. We will call such networks hub-like networks. The cost of services delivered through a hub-like network is distributed among its users who may be individuals or organizations with possibly conflicting interests. The cooperation of these users is essential for the exploitation of economies of scale. Consequently, there is a need to find a fair distribution of the cost of providing the service among users of such network. In order to describe this cost allocation problem we formulate the associated cooperative game, to be referred to as the hub-like game. Special attention is paid to users' contribution to economies of scale. We then demonstrate that certain cost allocation solutions (the core and the nucleolus of the hub-like game), which provide users with the incentive to cooperate, can be efficiently characterized.
Removal of Viruses from Tapwater by Fiberglass Filters Modified with a Combination of Cationic Polymers

This paper describes the development of an inexpensive electropositive filter capable of adsorbing enteroviruses from waters at pH 5 to 9. We have previously reported that electronegative microporous filters composed of epoxy-fiberglass (Filterite) treated with the cationic polymers polyethylenimine (PEI) and Nalco 7111 cationic polymer (Nalco) were found to adsorb a greater percentage of enteroviruses and indigenous bacteriophages from water than untreated filters (Preston et al. 1988). However, no single polymer treated filter was capable of adsorbing poliovirus type 1 from buffer pH 5, 7, and 9. When PEI and Nalco 7111 cationic polymer treated filters were combined as a series of different filters or on the same filter, Poliovirus-1 was subsequently removed from buffer at pH 5, 7, and 9. Filterite filters modified with a combination of PEI and Nalco polymers were found to adsorb echovirus type 1, echovirus type 5, coxsackievirus type B5, and poliovirus type 1 from tap water at least as well as Virasorb 1-MDS microporous filters.
A Galerkin Method Solution of Heat Transfer Problems in Closed Channels: Fluid Flow Analysis

A heat transfer model of fluid flow inside closed channels with arbitrary shapes has been built from momentum and energy equations. The model equations have been solved with Galerkin-based method. Detailed velocity and temperature fields in the fluid flow have been obtained. Using the solution fields the friction factors and heat transfer rates have been also calculated. To validate the developed solution procedure, the results have been compared to the results of numerical methods and experimental data.
Relations Between Young Measures and H-Measures

By describing the L∞(Ω) weak * limits of all continuous functions of a bounded sequence Un in L∞(Ω;ℝp), the Young measures give a natural mathematical way to interpret the local (one-point) statistics of the values taken by Un without falling prey to the unrealistic fashion of imposing old probabilistic games which usually destroy the physical relevance, since nature behaves in a different way, which it is the role of scientists to discover. However, Young measures are limited and cannot discern any geometric pattern or take into account differential equations satisfied by Un; actually, the theory has no need for Ω to be an open subset of ℝN or a manifold, and it can be applied to a set endowed with a measure without atoms.
Coronary venous aneurysm in patients without cardiac arrhythmia as detected by MDCT: an anatomic variant or a pathologic entity.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of coronary venous aneurysm in patients with no history of cardiac arrhythmia using 64-slice multidetector computed tomography.Back...
7. The World Opens

It was May 17, 1972, and as we approached the first line of barbed wire separating the border of Austria from that of Hungary, the taxi driver I had hired in Vienna looked at me apprehensively and said, “I hope this works….” The Austrian border police looked at our passports and told him in German, “Good luck!” and waved us through into the no-man’s land between the countries. As I looked left and right I saw foreboding Hungarian military watch towers and machine guns pointing at us as we drove about a mile to the Hungarian side of the border. After a short discussion with the Hungarian officers, my driver looked at me apologetically and told me either we both must go back, or he can drop me here and I can hope to get a visa at the border station. I hopped out and waved him goodbye as I proceeded to the border.
Teaching and Learning Online: A Collaboration between U.S. and Taiwanese Students

AbstractTo prepare U. S. preservice teachers for online teaching and reaching diverse learners and to provide English instruction to Taiwanese students, American and Taiwanese university students corresponded by e-mail. U.S. preservice teachers explored theory and practice of online instruction, corresponded as tutors to teach English language and American culture, and reflected on their experiences. Taiwanese students practiced English and exchanged cultural information. This research explores documentation of the online teaching and learning experience to identify benefits and limitations of online teaching and learning, online teaching strategies, and cultural aspects associated with cross-cultural collaboration.
Site of renal phosphate reabsorption. Micropuncture and microinfusion study.

Using modified microinfusion and free flow micropuncture techniques in the same intact and acutely thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) Munich-Wistar rats the nephron sites for phosphate reabsorption were reinvestigated. In intact animals, 62% of filtered phosphate was reabsorbed in the proximal tubule but none in the loop of Henle, here defined as the nephron segment between the last accessible proximal and the first distal convolution. Delivery of phosphate to the superficial distal tubule significantly exceeded urinary phosphate excretion but no phosphate reabsorption could be detected in the terminal nephron by distal microinfusions of radioactively labelled phosphate (32P). In TPTX rats, proximal phosphate reabsorption was enhanced and there was marked phosphate reabsorption in the loop of Henle. Similarly,32P microinfused in the late proximal tubule was almost completely reabsorbed. Again, no phosphate tracer outflux was detected after distal microinfusion. It is concluded that phosphate reabsorption is confined to the proximal tubule and the loop of Henle.
Using the JCC-71 neutron coincidence collar as a benchmark for detector characterization with PTR-32 list mode data acquisition

Abstract Augmenting or interchanging current international safeguards shift register − based data acquisition systems with list mode data acquisition systems gives nondestructive assay (NDA) systems greater versatility. Neutron list mode data analysis offers comparable analytical results to the more widely used shift register analysis in nuclear material quantification applications and offers several diagnostic tools that are specifically beneficial to in-laboratory characterization and calibration measurements. These benefits include identification of non-ideal behavior, optimization of operational parameters from a single measurement, and an improved understanding of the physics-based behavior of NDA systems for a more precise system representation and more confident assay results. In this work the advantages of using list mode data acquisition for detector characterization are demonstrated experimentally. Two commercial-off-the-shelf International Atomic Energy Agency-supported technologies are used for a typical detector characterization procedure and their performance is compared. Specifically, a 3He-based Canberra Industries JCC-71 Neutron Coincidence Collar is characterized using the Hungarian Institute of Isotopes’ Pulse Train Recorder-32 (PTR-32) list mode data acquisition system, and the results are compared to those obtained using the standard Canberra Industries JSR-15 model shift register. The quantitative results from the two systems are in agreement, which demonstrates that the PTR-32 is a technically viable alternative to conventional shift register electronics for this task. A suitable procedure for full instrument characterization is described, and the added benefits of list mode for characterization and data collection are discussed. This is an important step toward establishing a procedure for the routine use of list mode data acquisition and analysis for neutron NDA system characterization in safeguards field applications.
Selecting Signs for the Formulation of an Augmentative Communicative Modality

This article reviews literature describing guidelines for selecting 1) signing as an augmentative communication mode and 2) initial signs to teach severely handicapped learners. A review of the literature indicates that numerous guidelines are available, and although they appear to have face validity, few have received empirical scrutiny. Criteria are inconsistently applied across the literature. Each identified criterion pertinent to selecting initial signs is discussed, based on available theoretical positions and data. Recommendations are made for systematic evaluation of identified criteria.
PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATES AND VEGETATIVE PRODUCTION OF SORGHASTRUM NUTANS IN RESPONSE TO COMPETITION AT TWO STRIP MINES AND A RAILROAD PRAIRIE

The effect of differing environmental conditions on competition for resources was investigated by a comparison of net photosynthetic rate (PN) and vegetative production of Indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash.] at two strip mine sites with differing reclamation histories, and a railroad prairie site where this species occurs naturally. The treatment for a competition experiment consisted of tying back all species of neighboring plants around a target plant, and measuring its PN and vegetative performance during the growing season. Environmental variables at each site were also measured during the growing season. Soil bulk density and pH were higher at the two mine sites than at the prairie site, and soil texture, nutrients, and water potential were different at each of the three sites. PN of target plants compared closely among the three sites, and were lowest for plants at the railroad prairie. The competition experiment indicated that lower canopy leaves were most affected by competition for photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at all sites. Significant differences in PN of upper canopy leaves were found between treatment and control plants at one of the mine sites. This site had higher soil water potentials and higher soil levels of P and K than the other mine site or the railroad prairie. Target plants at the other mine site experienced a low competition for PAR, likely due to lower soil moisture availability and therefore lower aboveground productivity. The largest differences in PN and irradiances between upper and lower canopy leaves occurred in target plants with neighbors at the railroad prairie, likely due to inter-specific competition. Vegetative production of the target plants also reflected the environment at each site, but did not reflect PN differences between treatments. S. nutans is well adapted to the varying environment at these three sites, and aboveground competition for radiant energy was probably not as limiting for this C4 grass as belowground competition.
A flexible activity scheduling conflict resolution framework

Abstract Activity scheduling is a core component of activity-based travel demand models which replicates how individuals/agents decide about the placement and sequence of their activities in the daily schedule. The efficiency and accuracy of this module have a non-trivial impact on the overall performance of the activity-based model. This study reports a recent enhancement in the scheduler of POLARIS activity-based model, to incorporate more behavioral aspects of individuals’ decision making toward their daily activities. Specifically, we have developed a new activity conflict resolution model that handles the situations in which newly generated activities overlap activities that are already planned and have been previously scheduled. The accuracy and robustness of this component are crucial in the sense that subtle errors in scheduling could cause downstream errors in the model that may lead to substantial amounts of aggregate error in the final results. The proposed model benefits from a two-level process that accounts for a range of decisions involved in resolving an activity scheduling conflict, as well as well-defined and efficient feedback linkages to make sure that the components are generating consistent results. We have developed a stand-alone, C++ implementation code in order to test the overall accuracy of the framework against observed conflict resolution data. The results of these tests show that the predictions differ by at most 6.5% from observed distributions.
PSI-20 The effect of ewe gastrointestinal nematode burden during the periparturient period on lamb growth

Research evaluating the effects of ewe gastrointestinal nematode infection (GNI) during the periparturient period (PPR) on offspring growth is limited. We hypothesized ewes with a greater parasite burden during the PPR will negatively impact birth and weaning weight. Packed cell volume (PCV) was measured in ewes (2018, n = 11) at 3 weeks pre-partum (-3), birth, 3 (+3) and 6 (+6) wks postpartum. Lamb birth weight, weaning weight (WW), and ADG (birth - 8 weeks) were collected. Ewes in the upper 50% (n = 5–6) and lower 50% (n = 5–6) for PCV were classified as either HIGH and LOW at each time period. Data were analyzed in SAS using proc mixed (significance P ≤ 0.05). PCVs for LOW and HIGH ewes were (mean ± SEM) 27% ± 0.2% vs 30% ± 0.8% at -3, 28% ± 0.3% vs 32% ± 0.4% at birth, 24% ± 0.4% vs 29% ± 0.6% at +3, and 25% ± 0.2% vs 30% ± 1.0% at +6 respectively. Post-partum, lambs reared by LOW ewes exhibited reduced ADG (0.69 ± 0.03 kg/d vs 0.81 ± 0.03 kg/d; P = 0.02) and WW (29.34 kg ± 1.41 kg vs 33.64 kg ± 1.47 kg; P = 0.04) compared to lambs reared by HIGH ewes. Lambs reared by LOW ewes at +3 exhibited reduced ADG versus lambs reared by HIGH ewes (0.69 ± 0.034 kg/d vs. 0.81 ± 0.034 kg/d; P = 0.02). No effect of maternal PCV on birth weight or WW, at -3, birth, or +6 was observed on offspring birth weight, WW, or ADG (P ≥ 0.13). In conclusion, the effects of PPR GNI appear to be postnatal.
Effects of a cognitive-behavioral intervention targeting weight stigma: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective To test the effects of a cognitive-behavioral intervention for weight bias internalization (WBI; i.e., self-stigma) combined with behavioral weight loss (BWL). Method Adults with obesity and elevated WBI were randomly assigned to BWL alone or combined with the Weight Bias Internalization and Stigma Program (BWL + BIAS). Participants attended weekly group meetings for 12 weeks, followed by 2 biweekly and 2 monthly meetings (26 weeks total). Changes at Week 12 on the Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS) and Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ) were the principal outcomes, with changes at Week 26 assessed as secondary outcomes. Other outcomes included changes in mood, body image, eating behaviors, self-monitoring, and weight. Results Seventy-two participants were randomized (84.7% female, 66.7% Black, mean age = 47.1 ± 11.5 years) Linear mixed models showed no significant differences between the BWL + BIAS and BWL groups in WBIS changes at Week 12 (-1.3 ± 0.2 vs. -1.0 ± 0.2) or week 26 (-1.5 ± 0.2 vs. -1.3 ± 0.2). BWL + BIAS participants had greater reductions in WSSQ total scores at Week 12 (p = .03), with greater changes on the self-devaluation subscale at Weeks 12 and 26 (p ≤ .03). BWL + BIAS participants reported significantly greater benefits on measures of eating and self-monitoring. Percent weight loss at Week 26 did not differ significantly between groups (BWL + BIAS = -4.5 ± 1.0%, BWL = -5.9 ± 1.0%, p = .28). Conclusion A psychological intervention for WBI produced short-term reductions in some aspects of weight self-stigma in persons with obesity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Comparison of Factors Affecting Enterprise Resource Planning System Success in the Middle East

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems have been widely studied during the past decade, yet they often fail to deliver the intended benefits originally expected. One notable reason for their failures is the lack of understanding in users' requirements. This study was designed to understand the relative importance of system quality, information quality, service quality, and their influence on ERP users in the Middle East. The dependent variable individual impact was used to represent the ERP success at the individual level of analysis. The results from this study were compared to the results attained by Petter et al. in their 2008 analysis of North American ERP users. In addition, the moderating effect of users' characteristics on the individual impact variable was examined along an investigation of the items' reliability, internal consistency, convergent, and discriminant validity. Assessing the level of impact from users may help organizations assess the impacts of ERP users' performance and productivity and create training to improve attitudes toward ERP systems.