cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Five-Year Colony of a Fungus-Growing Ant, Trachyniyrmex zeteki

A Panamanian colony of the fungus-growing ant Trachymyrmex zeteki Weber, consisting originally of some 100 workers and 1 female, was kept in the laboratory under controlled conditions from June 1955 until the end of December 1960. Throughout this period the single female functioned as the queen, probably the longest-lived fungus-growing ant known. This appears to be a record for a laboratory colony of any fungus-growing ant and clearly a record for any species of Trachymyrmex , a genus distributed from New Jersey to Argentina. Two sexual broods were produced, both male and both in April of 1959 and 1960, suggesting an endogenous rhythm since major environmental conditions were constant. The total number of males was 44, and 660 workers were produced during the colony life. During the life of the colony the sole food was the ant fungus originally collected with it. The ants cultured the fungus always on cassava meal (Manihot esculenta Crantz ( =utilissima Pohl)) and occasionally on rose leaves and flowers. A worker life span of some 2 or 3 years is suggested by the monthly mortality.
THE EVOLUTION OF DIAPAUSE IN THE KILLIFISH FAMILY RIVULIDAE (ATHERINOMORPHA, CYPRINODONTIFORMES): A MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC AND BIOGEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVE

Phylogenetic relationships within the family Rivulidae (order Cyprinodontiformes) are investigated using 1972 aligned base pairs of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) for samples representing 66 species. Genes analyzed include those encoding the 12S ribosomal RNA; transfer RNAs for valine, glutamine, methionine, tryptophan, alanine, asparagine, cysteine, and tyrosine; complete NADH dehydrogenase subunit II; and part of cytochrome oxidase I. Parsimony analysis of the aligned mtDNA sequences results in a single most parsimonious tree. The phylogeny reveals two independent origins of developmental diapause within the family Rivulidae. It is unlikely that diapause evolved de novo in each group, suggesting that the presence or absence of diapause is the result of developmental switches between alternative stabilized pathways. Phylogeny of the family Rivulidae shows high concordance with predictions derived from the geological history of South America and Central America. Basal lineages in the rivulid phylogeny are distributed primarily on geologically old areas, whereas more nested lineages occur in geologically younger areas. However, there is little concordance between the molecular phylogeny and currently available morphological hypotheses and existing taxonomies. Based on the mtDNA phylogeny, the genera Pterolebias, Rivulus, Pituna, and Plesiolebias are considered nonmonophyletic and warrant taxonomic reassessment.
Health Promoting Benefits of Chamomile in the Elderly Population

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the medicinal herb, chamomile and its health promoting properties in the older population. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is provided as an adjunct to mainstream medicine with the intention to provide symptom relief and improve quality of life. The different classes of bioactive compounds in chamomile are used in medicinal preparations as well as cosmetics and these compounds include terpenoids and flavonoids. An outline of the various preparations of chamomile, such as dry powder, standardized extract, oral infusion and tea preparation is given. The use of chamomile as a therapeutic agent is mentioned for common cold, cardiovascular conditions, eczema and gastrointestinal conditions among others. Drinking of chamomile tea is stated to boost the immune system and helps fight infections associated with cold and thus shows its health promoting benefits. The quality of life of cancer patients is shown to improve by use of the essential oils of chamomile in aromatherapy/massage for anxiety. The adverse effects to chamomile can occur in people who are sensitive to members of the Compositae family and the side effect can manifest as contact dermatitis.
Large Sample Point Estimation and Tests of Hypotheses

In the last chapter it was shown that certain properties of estimators and test statistics hold for any given sample size T provided appropriate assumptions are satisfied. In general, the extent of the conclusions depends upon the extent of the assumptions; best linear unbiased was provided with the assumption of independent and identically distributed errors while the additional assumption of normality of the errors lead to minimum variance unbiased efficiency and the elimination of the linearity requirement. Unfortunately, such strong results as minimum variance unbiased efficiency are not always obtainable in econometric modeling. For example, in feasible generalized least squares, lagged dependent variable models, and simultaneous equations, the derivation of small sample properties of estimators is not generally possible. Instead, the evaluation of these estimators must be based on their behavior in samples of infinite size. The idea of large sample efficiency involves new concepts yet to be discussed.
Understanding Cancer Cells of Origin in Cutaneous Tumors

Identifying the cellular origin of each cancer represents a major challenge in biology, primarily due to the vast cellular and molecular heterogeneity found in their subtypes. Nevertheless, defining the physiological conditions and the molecular mechanisms through which a tumor initiates from its cancer cell(s) of origin (CCO) is indispensable in designing strategies for cancer prevention, early detection and effective treatment. In recent years, significant progress has been made in unraveling the cellular origin of a number of cancer types through lineage tracing in genetically engineered mouse models. Although the cell of origin for primary tumors is becoming more apparent, the origin of cancer stem cells and their relationship to the original CCO is presently unclear. In this chapter, we will review the recently elucidated CCOs and mechanisms of tumor initiation in the most common forms of cancer; cutaneous basal and squamous cell carcinoma.
Update: Mechanisms Underlying N6-Methyladenosine Modification of Eukaryotic mRNA

Eukaryotic mRNA undergoes chemical modification both at the 5′ cap and internally. Among internal modifications, N6-methyladensone (m6A), by far the most abundant, is present in all eukaryotes examined so far, including mammals, flies, plants, and yeast. m6A modification has an essential role in diverse biological processes. Over the past few years, our knowledge relevant to the establishment and function of this modification has grown rapidly. In this review, we focus on technologies that have facilitated m6A detection in mRNAs, the identification of m6A methylation enzymes and binding proteins, and potential functions of the modification at the molecular level.
Pain Assessment and Control in the Injured Elderly

Elderly trauma patients may be at increased risk for underassessment and inadequate pain control in the emergency department (ED). We sought to characterize risk factors for oligoanalgesia in the ED in elderly trauma patients and determine whether it impacts outcomes in elderly trauma patients. We included elderly patients (age ≥55 years) with Glasgow Coma Scale scores 13 to 15 and Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥9 admitted through the ED at a Level I trauma center. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared between those who reported pain and received analgesics medication in the ED (MED) and those who did not (NO MED). A total of 183 elderly trauma patients were identified over a three-year study period, of whom 63 per cent had pain assessed via verbal pain score; of those who reported pain, 73 per cent received analgesics in the ED. The MED and NO MED groups were similar in gender, race, ED vitals, ISS, and hospital length of stay. However, NO MED was older, with higher head Abbreviated Injury Scale score and longer intensive care unit length of stay. Importantly, as patients aged they reported lower pain and were less likely to receive analgesics at similar ISS. Risk factors for oligoanalgesia may include advanced age and head injury.
Extremal area effect for large-area electrodes for the electric breakdown of transformer oil

The 60-cycle breakdown strength of good quality transformer oil has been shown to depend upon electrode size for a physical area ratio of 20 to 1 and for an additional ratio of 400 to 1 by means of a “group-of-minima” inference (1). The extremal nature of the breakdown distribution found to exist by these tests was also found to apply to impulse breakdown (2).
Sharing Power With Parents: Improving Educational Decision Making for Students With Learning Disabilities

In this closing commentary to the special edition of Learning Disability Quarterly (LDQ) on parent voice in educational decision making for students with learning disabilities, we briefly survey ma...
Active upconverters for biological force and field sensing

Most upconverters suffer from low efficiencies and minimal active tunability with external forces or fields. Here, we develop novel upconverting materials that address these limitations, and utilize them for in-vivo biological force and field sensing.
Comparison of postarthroplasty functional outcomes in skilled nursing facilities among Medicare and Managed Care beneficiaries

Background After home health care, the skilled nursing facility (SNF) is the most commonly used postacute care modality, among Medicare beneficiaries, after total joint arthroplasty. Prior studies demonstrated that a loss in postsurgical ambulatory gains is incurred in the interval between hospital discharge and arrival at the SNF. The aim of this present study is to determine the consequences of that loss in function, as well as compare SNF-related outcomes in patients with Medicare vs Managed Care (MC) insurance.
Empyema and lung abscess: An unusual presentation of pulmonary actinomycosis

Actinomyces spp. are an infrequent cause of pulmonary infections. Actinomyces spp. comprise part of the normal flora of the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. A. meyeri is especially known for pulmonary involvement and disseminated disease. The authors present a case of a polymicrobial pulmonary abscess containing A. meyeri . The patient was a 58-year-old man with a history of coronary artery disease, alcohol abuse and hypertension. He presented with progressive dyspnea and cough productive of grey-colored foul smelling sputum. Upon admission, a chest computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed a right-lower-lobe lung abscess, with an associated loculated empyema. The following day, the patient underwent a thoracostomy with chest tube placement. The chest tube drained several hundred milliliters of purulent pleural fluid, but a follow up chest CT showed little change in the size of the underlying empyema. A subsequent thoracotomy with decortication was performed, which evacuated 100 ml of thick purulent fluid. Fourteen days after admission, the patient was discharged on a 6- to 12-week course of intravenous penicillin G, followed by a 6-month course of oral penicillin V.
Limitations of rotational manoeuvrability in insects and hummingbirds: evaluating the effects of neuro-biomechanical delays and muscle mechanical power.

Flying animals ranging in size from fruit flies to hummingbirds are nimble fliers with remarkable rotational manoeuvrability. The degrees of manoeuvrability among these animals, however, are noticeably diverse and do not simply follow scaling rules of flight dynamics or muscle power capacity. As all manoeuvres emerge from the complex interactions of neural, physiological and biomechanical processes of an animal9s flight control system, these processes give rise to multiple limiting factors that dictate the maximal manoeuvrability attainable by an animal. Here using functional models of an animal9s flight control system, we investigate the effects of three such limiting factors, including neural and biomechanical (from limited flapping frequency) delays and muscle mechanical power, for two insect species and two hummingbird species, undergoing roll, pitch and yaw rotations. The results show that for animals with similar degree of manoeuvrability, for example, fruit flies and hummingbirds, the underlying limiting factors are different, as the manoeuvrability of fruit flies is only limited by neural delays and that of hummingbirds could be limited by all three factors. In addition, the manoeuvrability also appears to be the highest about the roll axis as it requires the least muscle mechanical power and can tolerate the largest neural delays.
snoRNAs contribute to myeloid leukaemogenesis

The mechanism of action of oncogenes in acute myeloid leukaemia is poorly understood. A study now shows that the fusion oncoprotein AML1-ETO regulates leukaemogenesis by increasing the expression of small nucleolar RNAs through post-transcriptional mechanisms, resulting in increased ribosomal RNA methylation, protein translation, and promotion of leukaemic-cell self-renewal and growth.
Analysis and Correlation of Application I/O Performance and System-Wide I/O Activity

Storage resources in high-performance computing are shared across all user applications. Consequently, storage performance can vary markedly, depending not only on an application's workload but also on what other activity is concurrently running across the system. This variability in storage performance is directly reflected in overall execution time variability, thus confounding efforts to predict job performance for scheduling or capacity planning. I/O variability also complicates the seemingly straightforward process of performance measurement when evaluating application optimizations. In this work we present a methodology to measure I/O contention with more rigor than in prior work. We apply statistical techniques to gain insight from application-level statistics and storage-side logging. We examine different correlation metrics for relating system workload to job I/O performance and identify an effective and generally applicable metric for measuring job I/O performance. We further demonstrate that the system-wide monitoring granularity can directly affect the strength of correlation observed. Insufficient granularity and measurements can hide the correlations between application I/O performance and system-wide I/O activity.
Parent Perspectives of Receiving Early Information About Palliative and End-of-Life Care Options From Their Child's Pediatric Providers.

Background Parents of children diagnosed with cancer may experience decision regret about cancer treatment decisions and dissatisfaction with the perceived clarity in information received from their child's providers. Objective The aim of this study was to describe parental perspectives about receiving an early palliative care and end-of-life (PC/EOL) communication intervention titled "Communication Plan: Early through End of Life Intervention" (COMPLETE) from an interprofessional team of physician and registered nurse providers. Methods Ten parents participated in semistructured interviews after receiving the COMPLETE intervention. The COMPLETE intervention included 3 sessions delivered shortly after diagnosis and at the next 2 cancer treatment evaluations. Sessions of COMPLETE focused on early PC/EOL care discussions at diagnosis and after tumor response evaluations with their child's providers. Results Results included 2 theme categories: (1) COMPLETE nurtures realistic hope and meaningful dialogue by parents connecting with healthcare providers as a dyad, and (2) benefits of COMPLETE helped parents to make informed decisions. In addition, there were offered suggestions to improve COMPLETE. Conclusion The COMPLETE intervention provided a unique mechanism to foster early discussions about PC/EOL options between parents and an interprofessional team during the first 6 months of the child's cancer treatment. Future study is needed using a randomized clinical control-group design to evaluate COMPLETE with a large sample of parents. Implications for practice Findings provide promising evidence of parents' preference and receptivity to receive early information about PC/EOL care options for a child with a brain tumor with a poor prognosis. The COMPLETE intervention provided a mechanism to help encourage parental consideration of realistic hoped-for goals for their child's condition and care.
The Enzymatic Activities of Sirtuins

Abstract Sirtuins are a class of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-consuming enzymes that are implicated in numerous biological pathways and are considered a promising target for treating human diseases. There are seven sirtuins in mammals, SIRT1–7. This chapter focuses on the enzymology of sirtuins and will discuss the different enzymatic activities that have been reported for sirtuins, the reaction mechanisms, and the physiological relevance. Of particular importance is the recent discovery that sirtuins can remove a variety of different acyl lysine modifications from proteins. Some sirtuins can recognize structurally very different acyl lysine modifications. The factors that determine substrate specificity are summarized. The competition between different acyl lysine substrates for the same sirtuin may produce interesting physiological and pharmacological effects, which are also briefly discussed.
Through-tool minimum quantity lubrication and effect on machinability

Abstract This paper simulated through-tool minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) to characterize micromist droplet size and distribution. The effect of nozzle surface roughness and air pressure was experimentally performed to study the lubricant droplet and its effectiveness in micromilling of Inconel alloy. The external MQL simulated internal flow in commercially available drill with internal cooling channels. Droplets were collected on a glass plate from which the average airborne diameters and standard deviation were calculated. The droplet diameter and distribution were most sensitive when using nozzle with rough internal surface. MQL at different conditions was used in micromilling of Inconel 718 blocks that were additively printed by selective laser melting technique. Micromist generated from a rough nozzle at 550 kPa effectively improved tool life and produced micromilled slots with surface finish Sa of 1.5 μm.
An American Landscape Conversation

As interpretive landscape archaeologists, we practice a form of historical ethnography. We strive for holism and seek to decenter master narratives through attention to the multilocality of places and the multivocality histories must embrace. Interpretation implies revelation and insight, and so we view landscapes as resource, stages, and surfaces manipulated for aesthetic and other expressive ends. In this essay, we apply these landscape concepts to understand the estates, farms, gardens, and buildings of northern Delaware. In particular, we explored the present and pasts of two duPont estates, Mt. Cuba and Coverdale Farm.
CD4 and signal transduction

CD4 is a 55–60 kDa monomeric glycoprotein expressed on approximately 60% of peripheral blood T lymphocytes (Reinherz et al. 1979; Terhorst et al. 1980). Originally identified as a phenotypic marker (Reinherz et al. 1979; Webb et al. 1979; Dialynas et al. 1983), a role for CD4 in the activation of T lymphocytes was indicated when anti-CD4 antibodies inhibited a variety of T lymphocyte effector functions in vitro (Krensky et al. 1982; Spits et al. 1982; Wilde et al. 1983; Rogozinski et al. 1984). It was later demonstrated that CD4 facilitates T lymphocyte function by binding to the nonpolymorphic region of the major histocompatibility (MHC) class II antigens expressed on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs) (Doyle and Strominger 1987; Sleckman et al. 1987; Gay et al. 1988; Cammarota et al. 1992; Konig et al. 1992). The interaction between CD4 and MHC class II molecules have proven to be critical for antigen responsiveness of CD4+T cells (Gay et al. 1987; Sleckman et al. 1987).
Benign missense variations in the cystic fibrosis gene.

Abstract The common mutation causing cystic fibrosis is a deletion of phenylalanine 508 (delta F508), which occurs in a putative nucleotide-binding fold of the gene product. We report two additional mutations, substitution of cysteine for phenylalanine 508 (F508C) and substitution of valine for isoleucine 506 (I506V). Three compound heterozygous persons, two delta F508/F508C and one delta F508/I506V, had normal clinical and epithelial physiological studies indicating that the F508C and I506V mutations are benign. This opportunity to study the in vivo function of these mutations suggests that amino acid substitutions are more benign than changes in the length of this portion of the putative nucleotide-binding fold. These mutations must be taken into account when performing molecular diagnosis and carrier detection for cystic fibrosis.
Pulsatile Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in the Castrate Male Bovine: Effects of Testosterone or Estradiol Replacement Therapy

Luteinizing hormone (LH) secretory profiles have been determined for the male bovine following castration and steroid replacement therapy. Serum LH concentrations increased approximately threefold during the first week following castration and thereafter remained elevated (6.6 +/- .7 ng/ml). Castrates not receiving steroid replacement showed a rhythmic pattern of LH release that was of high frequency (mean pulse interval; 85 +/- 5 min) and high amplitude (mean peak concentration, 11.2 +/- 1.4 ng/ml). Chronic administration of estradiol-17 beta via subdermal Silastic implants reduced mean serum LH concentrations (2.1 +/- .3 ng/ml) and blocked the pulsatile pattern of LH release in all steers. Similar administration of testosterone suppressed mean serum LH and blocked pulsatile LH release in two of four animals. The number of implants used in this study provided physiological concentrations of estradiol (9.8 +/- 1.5 pg/ml) and testosterone (4.1 +/- .2 ng/ml) in systemic blood for the two respective treatment groups. Differences in the LH secretory profiles among testosterone-implanted steers may have been related, in part, to differences in the amounts of steroid not bound to serum proteins. These findings demonstrate that estradiol is a particularly potent inhibitor of pulsatile LH secretion in the male bovine and suggest that gonadal steroid feedback on LH secretion may, in part, be imposed at the level of the hypothalamus. The mechanism for pulsatile LH release is discussed relative to a centrally-located luteinizing hormone releasing hormone pulse generator.
Summary and Policy Recommendations

Our research results provide sound, empirical evidence of the need for special methods to safeguard juveniles’ interrogation rights to silence and legal counsel. In this final chapter, we will examine several potential safeguards, using the research results and the reality of law and the legal process to evaluate these proposals. In addition, we will show how the results can be used as guidelines for legislative reform and judicial decision making regarding juveniles’ waiver of rights. First, however, let us review the major conclusions from the studies in the foregoing chapters.
Displacement thresholds in central and peripheral vision during tracking.

The effects of stimulus duration and angular velocity on a subject's judgment of displacement threshold are examined. Twenty-six male subjects between 17-45 years with uncorrected 20:20 distance acuity and normal color perception and stereopsis studied a series of forced choice, paired comparison trials in which a long, thin, collimated horizontally oriented line moved downward through 12 angles ranging from 0.6-60 arcmin and judged which stimulus moved in each pair. The displacements were produced by 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 sec stimulus duration and 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 deg/sec angular rates. Stimulus velocity, stimulus duration, mean threshold displacement, and mean confidence results are analyzed. It is observed that displacement judgment accuracy is increased with increasing stimulus duration. The data are compared with the results of Johnson and Leibowitz (1976) and Johnson and Scobey (1982), and good correlation with the Johnson and Leibowitz data is detected. The data reveal that threshold is based on a constant stimulus velocity over this range of durations and velocities. The data are applicable to the study of the final approach to landing of medium and large commercial jet aircraft.
Soil creep in a mesotidal salt marsh channel bank: Fast, seasonal, and water table mediated

Abstract Muddy banks of marsh channels experience soil creep – a viscous-like slow deformation resulting in a net downslope transport. Here we present the first field evidence of soil creep in a mesotidal salt marsh using both pole displacement and high precision measurements of soil deformation taken with a vibrating-wire extensometer over two years. Soil extended 2–4 mm/m/year in the high marsh platform and 20–40 mm/m/year in the low marsh bank. This was equivalent to a soil diffusivity of about 0.2 m2/year, which is much higher than the diffusivity on hillslopes and also matches the high value predicted by long-term marsh evolution models. High precision (±0.03 mm) soil deformation measurements shed light on the dynamics of the creep process. First, the low bank compressed and extended by ~5 mm/m every tidal cycle, suggesting that the diurnal changes in water level play a role in the bank movements. Second, net soil extension took place mostly during fall. Net soil extension preceded the period of ice formation, suggesting that freezing and ice rafting are not a leading cause of soil creep. Net soil extension was likely triggered by an increase in water table during fall, which decreased the effective stress and thus destabilized the bank. This high water table was caused by a combination of an abiotic factor – the increase in atmospheric precipitation – and a biotic factor – the decrease in evapotranspiration triggered by vegetation senescence. This study confirms that creep is a significant process in marsh morphodynamics and that vegetation can reduce mass wasting in marsh channels.
Flexible electronics systems and advances

Flexible electronics offers opportunities for greatly expanding the ability to probe the environment with distributed sensors that can be incorporated into the Internet of Things (IoT). This promise is embodied by “peel-and-stick” labels with advanced functionality that can be easily deployed on structures or the body and integrated into analytical systems. Recent progress in materials, devices, and fabrication techniques, together with everadvancing electronics capabilities has enabled the demonstration of new sensors and prototype systems that provide insight into the trajectory of this technology.
A New Calibration Strategy for Transfer-Power Measurement of Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles

Accurate measurement is a hinge pin of a functioning society, engendering a sense of value, fairness, trust, and safety. A particularly salient example is wireless energy transfer to electric vehicles. A robust calibration method is needed for the fair and accurate measurement of the wireless power transferred to electric vehicles using the TPM (Transfer-Power Measurement)method. A prevalent obstacle to affordable, reliable, and accurate measurements in the field is lack of suitable transfer standards. This paper presents both a new transfer standard and a calibration path for TPM towards the standardization of power and energy metering in wireless power transfer.
BirdVox: From flight call classification to full-season migration monitoring

The BirdVox project aims at inventing new machine listening methods for the bioacoustic analysis of avian migration at the continental scale. It relies on an acoustic sensor network of low-cost, autonomous recording units to detect nocturnal flight calls and classify them in terms of family, genus, and species. As a result, each sensor produces a daily checklist of the species currently aloft, next to their respective individual counts. In this talk, I describe the research methods of BirdVox and their implications for advancing the understanding of animal behavior and conservation biology. The commonality of these methods is that they tightly integrate data-driven components alongside the induction of domain-specific knowledge. Furthermore, the resort to machine learning is not restricted to supervised acoustic event classification tasks, but also encompasses audio representation learning, few-shot active learning for efficient annotation, and Bayesian inference for adapting to multiple acoustic environments. I conclude with an overview of some open-source software tools for large-scale bioacoustics: librosa (spectrogram analysis), pysox (audio transformations), JAMS (rich annotation of audio events), muda (data augmentation), scaper (soundscape synthesis), pescador (stochastic sampling), and mireval (evaluation).The BirdVox project aims at inventing new machine listening methods for the bioacoustic analysis of avian migration at the continental scale. It relies on an acoustic sensor network of low-cost, autonomous recording units to detect nocturnal flight calls and classify them in terms of family, genus, and species. As a result, each sensor produces a daily checklist of the species currently aloft, next to their respective individual counts. In this talk, I describe the research methods of BirdVox and their implications for advancing the understanding of animal behavior and conservation biology. The commonality of these methods is that they tightly integrate data-driven components alongside the induction of domain-specific knowledge. Furthermore, the resort to machine learning is not restricted to supervised acoustic event classification tasks, but also encompasses audio representation learning, few-shot active learning for efficient annotation, and Bayesian inference for adapting to multiple acoustic environm...
Assessment of the Use of the Jigsaw Method and Active Learning in Non-Majors, Introductory Biology.

This project involved the use of two small, closely matched non-majors introductory biology classes to test the use of the Jigsaw method of teaching vs. a passive, instructor-oriented model of teaching. In this study, the Jigsaw method was used as a jumping off point for the teaching-learning of the material. Students were to learn the concepts of the chapters through the Jigsaw method and their understanding of the material was then reinforced by active learning techniques in which they would use these concepts by applying them to solve problems as a group in active learning exercises. These students were compared to students in another, equally matched section of the class, who were taught exclusively by passive learning. In this study, there was no major difference between the sections taught by active learning or passive learning. One potentially important difference that did arise was that the active learning section did significantly better on a posttest, however, this result may be an artifact of the different way that the posttest was given in the two sections. Further study needs to be done to refine the technique to include group and individual goals aside from the individual performance on exams.
“Because You’re Exploring this Huge Abstract Jungle…”: One Student’s Evolving Conceptions of Axiomatic Structure in Mathematics

For several decades, literature on the history and pedagogy of mathematics has described how history of mathematics is beneficial for the teaching and learning of mathematics. We investigated the influence of a history and philosophy of mathematics (HPhM) course on students’ progress through the lens of various competencies in mathematics (e.g., mathematical thinking and communicating) as a result of studying mathematical ideas from the perspective of their historical and philosophical development. We present outcomes for one student, whom we call Michael, resulting from his learning experiences in an HPhM course at university. We use the framework from the Competencies and Mathematical Learning project (the Danish KOM project) to analyze the evolution of Michael’s competencies related to axiomatic structure in mathematics. We outline three aspects of axiomatic structure to situate our analysis: Truth, Logic, and Structure. Although our analysis revealed that Michael’s views and knowledge of axiomatic structure demonstrate need for his further development, we assert what he experienced during the HPhM course regarding his mathematical thinking and communication about axiomatic structure is promising support for his future mathematical studies. Finally, we argue that a HPhM course has potential to support students’ progress in advanced mathematics at university.
Extracellular Vesicles of GMSCs Alleviate Aging-Related Cell Senescence:

Healthy aging is a complex biological process with progressive accumulation of senescent cells characterized by stable cell cycle arrest, resulting in impaired homeostasis, regenerative potential, and gradual functional decline in multiple tissues and organs, whereby the aberrant activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling networks plays a central role. Herein, we explored the effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSC-EVs) on oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence in human endothelial cells and skin fibroblasts and their antiaging potentials. Our results showed that GMSC-EVs robustly abrogated oxidative stress-induced upregulation in the expression of cellular senescence-related genes, such as β-galactosidase, p21, p53, and γH2AX, and mTOR/pS6 signaling pathway, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and skin fibroblasts. Meanwhile, GMSC-EVs restored oxidative stress-induced impairment in proliferation and tube formation by HUVECs. Systemic administration of GMSC-EVs attenuated aging-associated elevation in the expression levels of p21, mTOR/pS6, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α in skin and heart tissues of aged mice. These findings suggest that GMSC-EVs could be a potential alternative source of cell-free product for attenuation of aging-related skin and vascular dysfunctions due to their potent inhibitory effects on oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence in endothelial cells and skin fibroblasts.
The Efficient Consumer Form Contract: Law and Economics Meet the Real World

"Law and economics" has been hailed by its supporters as the only intellectually valid means for analyzing legal issues. Its critics have dismissed law and economics as amoral and biased against the poor. Ironically, each side in this frequently acrimonious debate has much to offer those in the opposing camp. This Article reflects a modest attempt to bridge the chasm.One need not believe that money is everything in order to believe that the effect a given legal rule has on total societal wealth is relevant in decisionmaking. But this admission does not consign one to a legal world where the wealthy win as a matter of right and legal rulings are sold to the highest bidder. It may be surprising to the detractors of law and economics, but the proper application of principles of economic analysis need not lead to anti-poor results. If all relevant factors are considered, the concerns of fairness and of efficiency may coincide more often than partisans of either side in this debate have cared to admit. This article shows how a proper application of the principles of law and economics to the puzzle of interpreting consumer form contracts leads to a nuanced result that protects both parties to the transaction.
NUMB3Rs Revisited: Long-Term Impacts of Reimagining Service Learning:

Background: Despite an extensive literature-base documenting strong outcomes for undergraduates engaged in service learning, few studies have investigated whether, and to what degree, these outcome...
Unraveling long-term volcano flank instability at Pacaya Volcano, Guatemala, using satellite geodesy

Abstract Edifice collapse represents one of the most dangerous volcanic hazards threatening communities and infrastructure near volcanoes, having caused over 20,000 casualties in the past 400 years. Despite its prevalence across volcanic settings, flank instability has mostly been considered at ocean island volcanoes. In Guatemala, all but one volcano with elevation greater than 2000 m have undergone edifice failure. Pacaya is one of these Guatemalan volcanoes, which experienced at least one past episode of flank collapse and where recent transient flank motion has been identified. Using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) time-series analysis, we reveal, for the first time, long-term displacement of the southwest flank of Pacaya between 2010 and 2014, including the interval 2011–2013 where the volcano remained relatively quiescent. Subsequent geodetic data inversions and static stress change analysis suggest that the observed flank motion could be accommodated by slip on a southwest-dipping detachment fault, with an observed increase in slip rate attributed to magma intrusion associated with a major eruption in 2014. This study highlights that long-term volcanic flank creep is likely more widespread than previously recognized and that magma-faulting interactions, as well as the existence of structural weaknesses within volcanic edifices, are vital considerations in the assessment of likelihood and nature of flank collapse at volcanoes worldwide.
Poster: Mobile Health for Alcohol Recovery and Relapse Prevention

Alcohol related disorder has increasingly become a serious public health issue. Stress detection and intervention is considered a key element in a treatment strategy towards preventing alcohol dependent individuals from relapsing. In this paper, we present a proof-of-concept approach to study the usability of a wearable device and viability of a mobile health application to prevent alcohol relapse by detecting moments of stress and providing adaptive interventions in real-time.
Experience From 211 Transcortical Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy Procedures: Relevant Surgical Anatomy and Review of the Literature.

Background Selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SelAH) is designed to treat medically refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with reduced morbidity compared to standard anterior temporal lobectomy. At our institution, we perform SelAH via a transcortical approach via small corticectomy in the middle temporal gyrus. Objective To discuss the surgical anatomy and nuances of SelAH, share our institutional experience, and perform a review of literature. Methods Institutional experience was recorded by collecting demographic and outcome data from 1999 to 2017 under an Institutional Review Board protocol in a prospective manner using a REDCap database. Results A total of 211 SelAH procedures were performed at our institution between 1999 and 2017. Of these patients, 54% (113/211) were females. The average age at surgery was 39.4 yr. Two-year Engel outcome data were available for 168 patients, of which 73% (123/168) had Engel I outcomes. Engel II outcomes were reported in 16.6% (28/168), III in 4.7% (8/168), and IV in 5.3% (9/168). Our review of literature showed that this is comparable to the seizure freedom rates reported by other groups. We then reviewed our surgical methodology based on operative reports and created illustrations of the surgical anatomy of temporal lobe approach. These illustrations were compared with postoperative magnetic resonance imaging to provide a better 3D understanding of the complex architecture of mesial temporal structures. Conclusion SelAH is a minimally invasive, safe, and effective approach for the treatment of medically refractory epilepsy with good surgical outcomes and low morbidity. We feel that mastering the complex anatomy of this approach helps achieve successful outcomes.
Propagation of registration error into maximum total point motion to analyze tibial baseplate stability at six months using marker-based and model-based RSA.

Abstract Maximum total point motion (MTPM) of a tibial baseplate at 6 months is used to predict long-term aseptic loosening after total knee arthroplasty. However, the propagation of registration error into MTPM for stable baseplates (i.e. baseplates with MTPM
Opportunities in Cathode Research Enabled by Advanced Nanoscale Material Control and Understanding

New cathode technology is needed to enable the development of next-generation vacuum electronic devices. By exploiting recent advances in materials growth, processing, and characterization capabilities, opportunities exist in cathode research to better control and tailor the nano/micro-scale structure and composition of emitter materials and to develop an understanding of the critical material properties needed for enhanced emission capabilities.
Intra-Speaker Topic Modeling for Improved Multi-Party Meeting Summarization with Integrated Random Walk

This paper proposes an improved approach to extractive summarization of spoken multi-party interaction, in which integrated random walk is performed on a graph constructed on topical/lexical relations. Each utterance is represented as a node of the graph, and the edges' weights are computed from the topical similarity between the utterances, evaluated using probabilistic latent semantic analysis (PLSA), and from word overlap. We model intra-speaker topics by partially sharing the topics from the same speaker in the graph. In this paper, we perform experiments on automatically and manually generated transcripts. For automatic transcripts, our results show that intra-speaker topic sharing and integrating topical/lexical relations can help include the important utterances.
On the Scattering from Arbitrarily Shaped Inhomogeneous Particles - Exact Solution

Discussion will be given on an exact approach to the problem of resonant scattering by arbitrarily shaped inhomogeneous particles. This exact approach is based on the Global-Local Finite Element which combines the contemporary finite element method with a hybrid-Ritz approach. Examples will be shown.
Collagen synthesis by isolated bone cells: stimulation by ascorbic acid in vitro.

Abstract Bone cells isolated from rat calvaria were cultured on a flat surface, and collagen synthesis was determined by the incorporation of radioactive proline into peptide hydroxyproline. Addition of ascorbic acid to the incubation medium markedly increased the radioactivity of hydroxyproline in cold water-soluble and -insoluble protein fractions, without increasing the radioactivity of peptide-bound proline or the DNA content of the cell cultures. Stimulation was demonstrated with low concentrations of ascorbic acid (3 μM) and was directly proportional to the starting concentration. Hydroxylation of radioactive proline that had previously been incorporated into cell protein was stimulated despite puromycin- or cycloheximide-induced inhibition of protein synthesis. These results indicate that ascorbic acid promotes collagen synthesis in isolated bone cells by directly stimulating the hydroxylation of a proline-rich peptide. Inhibitors of protein synthesis consistently increased the radioactivity of peptide hydroxyproline when added to pulse-labeled cultures in the absence of ascorbic acid. The data suggest that they prevented the dilution of radioactive, unhydroxylated collagen precursor with non-radioactive precursor, thus providing substrate of higher specific activity for hydroxylation.
Public Debt Dynamics and Debt Feedback

We study the dynamics of U.S. public debt in a parsimonious VAR. We find that including debt feedback ensures the stationarity of debt while standard VARs excluding debt may imply an explosive debt path. We also find that the response of debt to inflation or interest shocks is not robust and depends on the policy regime. The recent past suggests that a positive shock to inflation increases debt while the same to interest rate decreases it. Positive shocks to growth and primary surplus unambiguously reduce debt.
Remote ion temperature measurements of Earth's magnetosphere: Medium energy neutral atom (MENA) images

[1] Energy spectra of ENA images obtained with the MENA imager on the IMAGE observatory are used to construct remote images of the plasma ion temperature. The remotely measured ion temperatures are consistent with in-situ ion temperature measurements. During the storm of August 12, 2000, the ion temperatures on the dawn side of the magnetosphere are significantly lower than the dusk side ion temperatures. Similar observations of ion temperature asymmetry are presented for three other storm periods.
The Role of Anthropology in Cognitive Science

Culture in Mind: Cognition, Culture, and the Problem of Meaning. Bradd Shore. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. 428 pp.
Liver and Spleen Function

The liver is the largest organ and carries out the most complex biological functions in the body. It secretes bile, synthesizes proteins, metabolizes nutrients, hormones, and drugs, and detoxifies noxious endogenous and exogenous substrates. To accomplish all of these functions, the liver is located centrally in the body and endowed with well-designed architecture with a generous amount of blood supply. Secretion of bile is one of many important liver functions, and bile promotes digestion and absorption of essential nutrients; it also serves as a vehicle to get rid of biological waste products from the body. The biliary tree is designed not only for continuous bile secretion and flow, but also for periodic bile storage and discharge (gallbladder) at the time when food enters the small intestine. The spleen carries out many functions whose importance has been recognized only recently. This chapter will discuss the various functions of these two organs.
Group challenges and ideological de‐radicalization in Yugoslavia

(1980). Group challenges and ideological de‐radicalization in Yugoslavia. Soviet Studies: Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 561-579.
Initial findings of high school pre-engineering and non-engineering students' design cognition

This paper presents the initial findings of a design cognition study involving two groups of high school juniors: those who have taken pre-engineering courses and those who have not. Equal numbers of dyad teams from both groups engaged in design-only sessions in which they generated solutions in response to the same design challenge. The design sessions were video and audio recorded. The recordings were transcribed and then segmented and coded using the Function-Behavior-Structure (FBS) ontologically-based design issues and design processes coding scheme. The students' design cognition was measured from the distributions of the design issues and design processes. Both the design issues and design processes were compared between the two high school student groups. Additionally, the results of the analyses were compared to baseline undergraduate engineering students. The results of this study did not reveal significant differences in either design issues or processes between the two high school student groups. However, when compared with the baseline undergraduate engineering students, there were significant differences between these groups with respect both to issues and processes and to the cognitive effort in their problem/solutions spaces.