cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lymphatics thrive on stress: mechanical force in lymphatic development

EMBO J 31 4, 788–804 (2012); published online December132011 The arteries, veins, capillaries and lymphatic vessels that comprise the vertebrate vascular system function to transport blood and lymphatic fluid to and from the tissues. It is therefore unsurprising that development, maintenance and physiology of these structures are strongly influenced by mechanical forces such as pressure and fluid shear stress associated with fluid flow (Hahn and Schwartz, 2008; Culver and Dickinson, 2010). Both embryonic morphogenesis and adult homeostasis of blood vessels appear to be organized so that vessel dimensions are matched to tissue demand. The accompanying paper from Planas-Paz et al (2011) elegantly demonstrates that a similar principle operates for lymphatic development as well.
Who Knows Who Knows What in the Group? The Effects of Communication Network Centralities, Use of Digital Knowledge Repositories, and Work Remoteness on Organizational Members’ Accuracy in Expertise Recognition:

Organizational members vary in their ability to accurately recognize each other’s expertise. The goal of this study is to extend transactive memory theory to understand how organizational group members develop accurate perceptions of others’ knowledge through a multidimensional access to expertise cues. Specifically, this study examines how a group member’s accuracy in expertise recognition is influenced by one’s centralities in the communication network, use of digital knowledge repositories, and work remoteness. By analyzing data collected from 208 individuals from 17 organizational groups, this study found that a member’s accuracy in expertise recognition was positively influenced by one’s degree centrality in the communication network and negatively influenced by the extent to which one’s work was done remotely. Furthermore, there was an interaction effect between work remoteness and use of digital knowledge repositories such that the negative influence of work remoteness on expertise recognition was ...
Erythropoiesis in women during 11 days at 4,300 m is not affected by menstrual cycle phase.

Because the ovarian steroid hormones, progesterone and estrogen, have higher blood levels in the luteal (L) than in the follicular (F) phase of the menstrual cycle, and because of their known effec...
Global splitting, integrability and regularity of 3D Euler and Navier-Stokes equations for uniformly rotating fluids

Periodic boundary conditions are imposed, the ratio of domain periods is assumed to be generic (non-resonant). We show that solutions of 3D Euler/Navier-Stokes equations can be decomposed as U (t, x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ) = U (t, x 1 , x 2 ) + V (t, x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ) + r where U is a solution of the 2D Euler/Navier-Stokes system with vertically averaged initial data (axis of rotation is taken along the vertical e 3 ). Here r is a remainder of order Ro a 1/2 where Ro a = H 0 U 0 /Ω 0 L 0 2 is the anisotropic Rossby number (H 0 - height, L 0 - horizontal length scale, Ω 0 - angular velocity of background rotation, U 0 - horizontal velocity scale); Ro a = (H 0 /L 0 ) R 0 where H 0 /L 0 is the aspect ratio and Ro = U 0 /Ω 0 L 0 is a Rossby number based on the horizontal length scale L 0 . The vector field V (t, x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ) which is exactlty solved in terms of 2D dynamics of vertically averaged fields is phase-locked to the phases 2Ω 0 t, τ 1 (t) and τ 2 (t). The last two are defined in terms of passively advected scalars by 2D turbulence. The phases τ 1 (t) and τ 2 (t) are associated with vertically averaged vertical vorticity curl U(t).e 3 and velocity U 3 (t); the last is weighted (in Fourier space) by a classical non-local wave operator.
Body focused repetitive behavior disorders: Significance of family history.

Abstract Background The significance of family history in body-focused repetitive behavior disorders (BFRBs) (i.e. trichotillomania and skin picking) has received scant research attention. We sought to understand the clinical and cognitive impact of having a first-degree relative with a BFRB or a substance use disorder (SUD). Methods 265 participants with BFRBs undertook clinical and neurocognitive evaluations. Those with a first-degree relative with a BFRB or an SUD were compared to those without on a number of clinical and cognitive measures. Results 77 (29.1%) participants had a first-degree family member with a BFRB and 59 (22.2%) had a first-degree family member with an SUD. In terms of clinical severity, the amount of time spent picking or pulling per day in the past week was higher among those with a first-degree relative with an SUD. There were a higher rate of ADHD and higher HAM-D scores among those with a positive family history of an SUD. There were no significant cognitive differences based on family history. Conclusions These results indicate that among those with BFRBs, having a first-degree family member with an SUD may be associated with a unique clinical and cognitive presentation. Whether family history also is associated with differential response to treatments awaits further research.
Diagnosis and treatment of hypernatremia.

Hypernatremia is defined as a serum sodium level above 145 mmol/L. It is a frequently encountered electrolyte disturbance in the hospital setting, with an unappreciated high mortality. Understanding hypernatremia requires a comprehension of body fluid compartments, as well as concepts of the preservation of normal body water balance. The human body maintains a normal osmolality between 280 and 295 mOsm/kg via Arginine Vasopressin (AVP), thirst, and the renal response to AVP; dysfunction of all three of these factors can cause hypernatremia. We review new developments in the pathophysiology of hypernatremia, in addition to the differential diagnosis and management of this important electrolyte disorder.
Changes in Oviposition Behavior of the Ectoparasitoids Nasonia vitripennis and Muscidifurax zaraptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) When Using Different Species of Fly Hosts, Prior Oviposition Experience, and Allospecific Competition

Oviposition behavior was used to determine if handling time was a reliable indicator of host suitability for oviposition by the ectoparasitic wasps, Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) and Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan & Legner, on pupae of Sarcophaga bullata Parker, the black blow fly, Phormia regina (Meigen), and the house fly, Musca domestica L. Oviposition behavior of both parasitoids was composed of a series of stereotypic and interdependent events or phases. The duration of behavioral events preceding puparium penetration was influenced by host species, indicating that host recognition depends on some external cue associated with the fly puparium. Total handling time was stereotypic regardless of host species or the number of eggs laid on a host, suggesting that the amount of time invested by N. vitripennis and M. zaraptor in oviposition does not predict clutch size or host preference. When N. vitripennis and M. zaraptor were held together at low host densities, females of N. vitripennis reacted aggressively and interfered with all oviposition attempts by M. zaraptor . Aggression by N. vitripennis toward M. zaraptor subsided when host density was increased, presumably because this was a less competitive situation.
Market Demand Methodology for U.S. Suborbital Reusable Launch Vehicle Industry

An approach was developed that leverages 100 years of transportation technology to forecast technological capability needed to sustain a commercial market for the suborbital reusable launch vehicle (sRLV) industry. Maturity of sRLV technologies will enable the development of commercial capability necessary to support market demand. The analysis is centered on the economic physics (EcoPhysics) of transportation, taking into account the cost of cargo capacity, as well as the speed, range, and altitude of these transportation vehicles with respect to time and technology. The methodology includes the transportation system’s flight profile, program mode (experimental, commercial, military, etc.), reusability, human rating, government policies, and other factors. Twenty-four characteristics of the new flight candidate are systematically compared to equivalent characteristics of historical transportation systems. Three historical systems are selected to simultaneously derive cost estimates of each new flight system, converging over time to a single cost. The analysis outputs over 40 demand and supply variables that are displayed on a dashboard, comparing each sRLV provider candidate under evaluation. The following data for each of the candidate systems are estimated: development costs, recurring vehicle costs, vehicle predicted catastrophic failures, system operations and maintenance costs, and predicted flight rate capability. The analysis includes a benchmarking algorithm that compares the characteristics of proposed candidates to leading-edge technological trends. Benchmarks also ‘roll up’ subcategories and provide a total system evaluation. A key feature of this approach is that the benchmark values are a composite of a range of “non-like” parameters such as performance, operations cost, safety, comfort, and esthetics, facilitating realistic comparison of fundamentally different types of systems.
Abstract PR-01: Vitamin D receptor expression is inversely associated with prostate cancer progression

Background: Vitamin D is inversely associated with risk of several malignancies. Circulating vitamin D interacts with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) at the cellular level to inhibit proliferation, increase apoptosis and decrease angiogenesis. Thus, although vitamin D levels appear to be unrelated to total prostate cancer incidence, VDR levels in tumor tissue may influence prostate cancer prognosis. Methods: We examined the immunohistochemical expression of VDR on archival tumor tissue from 841 prostate cancer cases diagnosed between 1982 and 2004 within two ongoing, prospective cohorts: the Physicians9 Health Study and Health Professionals Follow‐up Study. VDR expression was measured quantitatively using the CRi Vectra™ system. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of VDR expression with lethal prostate cancer (N=73) through 2008. On a subset of cases, we also examined correlation of tumor VDR expression with circulating 25(OH)D3 and 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 measured at baseline (N=84) in 1982 and two SNPs in VDR: Fok1 and bsm1 (N=140). Results: Men with high tumor VDR expression had significantly lower Gleason score, lower prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels at diagnosis, and were less likely to have advanced tumor stage (p=0.008, p=0.012, p=0.001, respectively). Compared to the lowest quartile, men in the highest quartile of VDR expression were at significantly lower risk of developing lethal prostate cancer (age‐adjusted HRs across quartiles Q2=0.95, 95% CI: 0.51–1.79; Q3=0.93, 95% CI: 0.49–1.76; Q4 = 0.23, 95% CI:0.09–0.55). This association was attenuated (HRQ4vsQ1 = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.16–1.09) after further adjustment for pathological tumor stage, Gleason grade, and PSA level at diagnosis. Tumors expressing high levels of VDR had modest downregulation of cell proliferation as measured by Ki67 (r=‐0.11). Moreover, expression of estrogen receptor alpha (r=0.40, p Conclusion: In this large prospective study, men with tumors that demonstrated upregulation of VDR had significantly improved clinical features and reduced risk of lethal prostate cancer. In line with experimental studies, the positive correlation between VDR expression, and androgen receptor and estrogen receptor provides evidence that that VDR acts in an androgen‐ and/or estrogen‐dependent manner. These data highlight the potential role of the vitamin D system in preventing prostate cancer progression. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):PR-01.
Evaluation of type II thyroplasty on phonatory physiology in an excised canine larynx model.

Objectives/Hypothesis Type II thyroplasty is an alternative treatment for spasmodic dysphonia, addressing hyperadduction by incising and lateralizing the thyroid cartilage. We quantified the effect of lateralization width on phonatory physiology using excised canine larynges. Methods Normal closure, hyperadduction, and type II thyroplasty (lateralized up to 5 mm at 1-mm increments with hyperadducted arytenoids) were simulated in excised larynges (N = 7). Aerodynamic, acoustic, and videokymographic data were recorded at three subglottal pressures relative to phonation threshold pressure (PTP). One-way repeated measures analysis of variance assessed effect of condition on aerodynamic parameters. Random intercepts linear mixed effects models assessed effects of condition and subglottal pressure on acoustic and videokymographic parameters. Results PTP differed across conditions (P < .001). Condition affected percent shimmer (P < .005) but not percent jitter. Both pressure (P < .03) and condition (P < .001) affected fundamental frequency. Pressure affected vibratory amplitude (P < .05) and intrafold phase difference (P < .05). Condition affected phase difference between the vocal folds (P < .001). Conclusions Hyperadduction increased PTP and worsened perturbation compared to normal, with near normal physiology restored with 1-mm lateralization. Further lateralization deteriorated voice quality and increased PTP. Acoustic and videokymographic results indicate that normal physiologic relationships between subglottal pressure and vibration are preserved at optimal lateralization width, but then degrade with further lateralization. The 1-mm optimal width observed here is due to the small canine larynx size. Future human trials would likely demonstrate a greater optimal width, with patient-specific value potentially determined based on larynx size and symptom severity. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 2016
Graft failure after T-cell-depleted human leukocyte antigen identical marrow transplants for leukemia: I. Analysis of risk factors and results of secondary transplants

Risk factors for graft failure were analyzed in 122 recipients of an allogeneic T-cell-depleted human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical sibling marrow transplant as treatment for leukemia. In each case pretransplant immunosuppression included 1,375 to 1,500 cGy hyperfractionated total body irradiation and cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg/d x 2). No patient received immunosuppression prosttransplant for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. Nineteen patients in this group experienced graft failure. The major factors associated with graft failure were transplants from male donors and the age of the patient (or donor). Among male recipients of male donor-derived grafts a low dose per kilogram of nucleated cells, progenitor cells (colony forming unit-GM) and T cells was also associated with graft failure. Additional irradiation to 1,500 cGy, high dose corticosteroids posttransplant, and additional peripheral blood donor T cells did not decrease the incidence of graft failure. In addition, type of leukemia, time from diagnosis to transplant, an intact spleen, or the presence of antidonor leukocyte antibodies did not correlate with graft failure. To ensure engraftment of secondary transplants, further immunosuppression was necessary but was poorly tolerated. However, engraftment and survival could be achieved with an immunosuppressive regimen in which antithymocyte globulin and high dose methylprednisolone were administered both before and after infusions of secondary partially T- cell-depleted marrow grafts.
Usefulness of cellulase in recovery of Salmonella spp. from guar gum.

Most foods examined for Salmonella spp. by the procedure described in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual are preenriched at a 1:9 sample/broth ratio. However, 25 g guar gum (an emulsifying agent) is not wetted completely in 225 mL of preenrichment broth, and after a 24 h incubation at 35 degrees C, the product is transformed into a viscous, nonpipettable mass. The effects of 4 factors (inorganic salts, pH, temperature, and various enzymes) on the viscosity of the sample/preenrichment mixture during incubation were determined. Addition of various inorganic salts or adjustment of pH from 4.0 to 9.0 had no significant effect on the viscosity of the incubated mixture. Elevated incubation temperatures of 42 degrees, 44 degrees, and 46 degrees C reduced viscosity but were well above the optimal growth temperature for Salmonella, 35 degrees C. Addition of cellulose to lactose broth at a final concentration of 0.01% reduced viscosity of the mixture, making it readily pipettable. At least one Salmonella cell was consistently recovered from 25 g samples of guar gum, which represents a most probable number value of 0.04 cell per g.
Enhanced rate of H2O2 release from bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells induced by TGF-beta 1.

We have previously reported that transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) produces a "prooxidant" effect on cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAEC) [S. K. Das and B. L. Fanburg. Am. J. Physiol. 261 (Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 5): L249-L254, 1991]. This effect was found to be associated with a lowering of total cellular GSH (A.C. White, S. K. Das, and B.L. Fanburg. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 6: 364-368, 1992). In this study, we demonstrate a twofold increase in the rate of extracellular H2O2 release from BPAEC after a 72-h exposure to TGF-beta 1 (2 ng/ml, added at times 0 and 48 h). Increasing and decreasing the levels of cellular GSH with diethylmaleate (DEM, 0.05 mM) and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, 0.01 mM), respectively, did not affect the rate of TGF-beta 1-induced increase in H2O2 release when compared with the individual effects of these reagents on control cells. The addition of BSO (0.01 mM) to control cells failed to demonstrate an increase in the rate of H2O2 release, despite a more profound decrease in cellular GSH by these cells than detected in cells treated with TGF-beta 1 alone. Moreover, a single dose of TGF-beta 1 (2 ng/ml) induced a 63-85% increase in the rate of H2O2 release within 16 h of exposure, well before the previously demonstrated lowering of cellular GSH. These results indicate that the increase in H2O2 production by TGF-beta 1-stimulated BPAEC is associated with, but does not appear to be the result of, a lowering of cellular GSH. This study further suggests that the TGF-beta 1-induced H2O2 production occurs at a site inaccessible to detoxification by GSH.
Acceptability of the use of cellular telephone and computer pictures/video for “pill counts” in buprenorphine maintenance treatment

Objective: As part of a comprehensive plan to attempt to minimize the diversion of prescribed controlled substances, many professional organization and licensing boards are recommending the use of “pill counts.” This study sought to evaluate acceptability of the use of cellular phone and computer pictures/video for “pill counts” by patients in buprenorphine maintenance treatment. Setting and intervention: Patients prescribed buprenorphine/naloxone were asked a series of questions related to the type(s) of electronic communication to which they had access as well as their willingness to use these for the purpose of performing a “pill/film count.” Results: Of the 80 patients, 4 (5 percent) did not have a phone at all. Only 28 (35 percent) had a “smart phone” with some sort of data plan and Internet access. Forty (50 percent) of the patients had a phone with no camera and 10 (12.5 percent) had a phone with a camera but no video capability. All patients said that they would be willing to periodically use the video or camera on their phone or computer to have buprenorphine/naloxone pills or film counted as long as the communication was protected from electronic tampering. Conclusions: With the advent of applications for smart phones that allow for Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996-compliant picture/video communication, a number of things can now be done that can enhance patient care as well as reduce the chances of misuse/diversion of prescribed medications. This could be used in settings where a larger proportion of controlled substances are prescribed including medication assisted therapy for opioid use disorders and pain management programs.
The Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium: How can it improve definitive therapy for PID?

The Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium (PIDTC) is a National Institutes of Health (NIH)-sponsored rare disease consortium of 44 centers in North America and 3 in Europe, focused on the ...
Beyond Scandal: Creating a Culture of Accountability in the Catholic Church

Like many corporations, the Catholic Church in the United States and Ireland has tried to move beyond scandal. In this case, the scandal was the failure of church leaders to protect minors from clergy sexual abuse, particularly in Boston and Dublin. Like corporate leaders, church leaders have faced the challenge of restoring trust after scandal. Influenced by corporate trends toward codes of conduct, the archdioceses of both Boston and Dublin provide codes of conduct, but the differences between them are worth noting. In 2015, the Catholic Church in both the United States and Ireland highlighted the need for a culture of accountability that does not succumb to complacency, and in the United States the bishops have once again been encouraged to learn from business. This paper will demonstrate that the Catholic Church is in dialogue with and learns from codes of conduct and cultural practices in business. At the same time, it will highlight that the Catholic Church must also be attentive to its own mission since a simple adoption of other corporations’ practices can be detrimental to sharing the Gospel. The appropriation of codes of conduct and cultural practices from business reflects the church’s attentiveness to the signs of the times, and this appropriation needs to be evaluated in the light of the church’s mission to share the Gospel with the world.
Helping the Helpers: Assisting Staff and Volunteer Workers Before, During, and After Disaster Relief Operations

Self-care strategies and system supports employed in preparation for, during, and after disaster relief operations (DROs) are crucial to relief worker well-being and the overall effectiveness of relief efforts. Relief organizations and management must structure DROs in a manner that promotes self-care and workers must implement proper self-care strategies. Proper self-care before, during, and after a DRO can reduce negative reactions to stressful emergency work and promote growth, mastery, and self-efficacy after the experience. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to discuss the importance of organizational supports and self-care strategies in disaster relief settings. This article emphasizes the role of both individual and management participation and commitment to relief worker support and positive experience in DROs and provides suggestions for doing so. These suggestions are derived from the empirical and experiential literature and extensions from the theoretical background, and from our experience as managers in DROs.
Demographic and echocardiographic predictors of anatomic site and outcomes of surgical interventions for cardiogenic limb emboli.

We sought to determine if symptomatic cardiogenic limb emboli have a random distribution or if there are demographic or echocardiographic factors that predict site of embolization, limb salvage and...
Peach is an occasional host for Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh, 1867) (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae in western Washington state, U.S.A.

Abstract. Peach, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Rosaceae), has been reported to be a host of the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh, 1867) (Diptera: Tephritidae), an important quarantine pest of apple (Malus domestica Borkhausen) (Rosaceae) in the western U.S.A. However, all reports of peach as a host appear unreliable. Here, we tested the hypothesis that apple maggot does not utilize peaches in western Washington state. In 2013, unbaited sticky yellow rectangle traps were hung in a peach orchard ∼50 m from neglected apple trees in Vancouver, Washington. During 2013–2015, peaches in the orchard were collected, peaches were hung in infested apple trees, and peaches were exposed to flies in the laboratory. In 2013, 24 flies were caught on 200 traps in the peach orchard, but no larvae emerged from 4,243 ‘Alberta’ or ‘Redhaven’ peaches collected under ∼200 trees in 2013 and 2014 or from peaches hung in apple trees in 2013. In 2015, however, 24 apple maggot larvae emerged from 804 ‘Starfire’ or ‘PE 23’...
Alzheimer's disease: The influence of age on clinical heterogeneity through the human brain connectome

Introduction One major factor that influences the heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is age: younger AD patients more frequently exhibit atypical forms of AD. We propose that this age-related heterogeneity can be understood better by considering age-related differences in atrophy in the context of large-scale brain networks subserving cognitive functions that contribute to memory.
The Aging Human Heart.

There seems to be more about aging than living longer.1,2 Certainly, among most humans, longevity is determined by exposure to environmental risk factors that account for morbidity and eventual mortality.3 However, it is not known whether control for most or all environmental risk factors would assure humans unlimited survival. The concept that among members of our species, survival is predetermined biologically remains to be disproven.4 Worldwide, cardiovascular risk factors remain the most important in limiting human survival and burdening human life.5 At the center of the cardiovascular system, how the heart remodels throughout human life is, therefore, of particular importance to our understanding of cardiovascular aging. See Article by Hung et al The advent of noninvasive technologies that allowed for the direct assessment of global systolic function in humans led to the important realization that, contrary to what one might intuitively expect, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction did not decline with aging, particularly when obstructive coronary artery disease was excluded or accounted for in longitudinal cohorts.6 More recent work indicated in fact that the human heart remodels significantly with aging,7 while the LV ejection fraction remains at normal levels. The mechanisms of age-related cardiac remodeling remain incompletely understood, but how and why the aging heart remodels the way it does is of great importance to gaining greater insight into cardiovascular aging. In this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging , Hung et al8 document important findings on human cardiac aging. They demonstrate that advanced aging is associated with greater LV concentricity expressed as the ratio of LV mass to volume at end diastole, impaired relaxation with reduced filling, impaired longitudinal deformation with preserved circumferential shortening, and greater torque, that is, shear in the longitudinal–circumferential plane. Importantly, they also show that this pattern …
"Fellow of the Day": A Novel Trainee Role to Improve Fellows' Outpatient Continuity Clinics.

Rationale: The implementation of team-based care models in residency programs is one method to improve patient and provider outpatient satisfaction. However, to our knowledge, this has not yet been studied in fellowship programs.Objectives: We instituted a pilot project to test a team-based model of care in our pulmonary and critical care medicine (PCCM) fellows’ clinic by creating a new outpatient role called the “Fellow of the Day,” with the goal of reducing clinical disruption for the fellows, providing more educational value for medical students, and improving patient care.Methods: Data were collected over a 4-month time period from electronic surveys from medical students, fellows, and supervising faculty. We also used timestamp data to determine fellows’ response times to patient messages.Results: After implementation of the Fellow of the Day designation, (1) fellows were more engaged in teaching the medical student (P = 0.007); (2) fellows spent less of their personal time (P = 0.04) or time away f...
Pairwise Ranking Aggregation by Non-interactive Crowdsourcing with Budget Constraints

Crowdsourced ranking algorithms ask the crowd to compare the objects and infer the full ranking based on the crowdsourced pairwise comparison results. In this paper, we consider the setting in which the task requester is equipped with a limited budget that can afford only a small number of pairwise comparisons. To make the problem more complicated, the crowd may return noisy comparison answers. We propose an approach to obtain a good-quality full ranking from a small number of pairwise preferences in two steps, namely task assignment and result inference. In the task assignment step, we generate pairwise comparison tasks that produce a full ranking with high probability. In the result inference step, based on the transitive property of pairwise comparisons and truth discovery, we design an efficient heuristic algorithm to find the best full ranking from the potentially conflictive pairwise preferences. The experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.
Disabilities and Degrees: Identifying Health Impairments that Predict Lower Chances of College Enrollment and Graduation in a Nationally Representative Sample.

Objective: Colleges have increased postsecondary educational access for youth, including individuals with disabilities, but completion rates remain low. This study tests the hypothesis that health conditions that reduce social integration predict lower educational attainment among college students. Method: The sample from the nationally representative Add Health (National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health) data (1995, 2001, 2008) comprised respondents in 2001 whose highest degree was a high school diploma (n = 9,909), focusing on subsamples of students enrolled in 2-year colleges and 4-year colleges (n = 1,494; n = 2,721). For each of 57 health conditions in 2001, the relative risk of earning certificate, associate’s degree, or bachelor’s degree in 2008 was estimated, controlling for precollege factors, including high school grades, test scores, parents’ household income, and full-time enrollment. Results: Health conditions associated with social stigma predicted lower educational attainme...
From Pan-Protestantism to Pluralism: Herman Wornom and the REA's Journey toward Ecumenical and Interreligious Encounter, 1952-1970.

Despite the Religious Education Association (REA)'s founding vision as an interfaith association, for most of its first fifty years it remained a largely Protestant organization. Under Herman Worno...
Art or Engineering, One More Time

Debates about whether software development is an engineering discipline or an art have persisted for many years. The custom home construction involves application of both engineering and artistic knowledge. Similarly, at the initial stage of software development, visionaries generally gather and document the gleaned information into words, without regard to what the software might look like. Next, software designers create a software architecture showing the subcomponents and how they interrelate temporally and physically. Then, more detailed designs are created: algorithms, data structures, interfaces, protocols, flows. This step requires intimate knowledge of data structures, algorithms, system performance, and development standards. Hence, there is a need to recognize that different skills are required for each activity that comprises software development. As the discipline matures, one should become more user-oriented during requirements, more creative during design, and more attentive to detail during coding.
EARLY STAGES IN THE METABOLISM OF IRON

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the early stages in the metabolism of iron. There are certain chemical and biochemical characteristics of iron that place it in a unique category in relation to the other common biocatalytic elements. The complete synthesis of an iron-enzyme involves the ultimate convergence of at least two, possibly three, biosynthetic pathways. The biosynthesis of specific ferric complexing agents, normally competitively inhibited and maintained at a low level by the presence of a variable amount of the ferric chelate, becomes a major metabolic activity of the cell. The deficiency of iron creates a metabolic block, the latter being manifested by the appearance of iron-complexing products that normally require iron for their further metabolism. The new substances produced in iron deficiency are intended to serve, either as such or as the ferric complex, as a bypass for electron transport around the normal cytochrome system.
MitraClip Placement in a Patient with Severe Kyphoscoliosis and Bileaflet Prolapse

This case highlights successful MitraClip implantation in a patient with severe kyphoscoliosis. The associated anatomic rotation made MitraClip placement extremely challenging.
Enhanced Dynamic Documents for Reproducible Research

Dynamic documents that combine text and code, which is evaluated to dynamically create content when the document is “rendered,” for example, Sweave, are a large step forward in reproducible data analysis and computation. However, to capture the research process, we need richer paradigms and infrastructure. The process includes all the investigations and computations, and not just the final reported ones, and the entirety represents reproducible research. In addition to richer paradigms for reproducability, we want to be able to capture more complex aspects of the computational process, such as the use of multiple languages, and also engage different communities using other programming languages so that reproducible computations and research become more widespread. We also need to integrate existing and future approaches with commonly used tools such as Microsoft Word and make the resulting documents richer for authors and readers. We present two approaches to structured, dynamic documents that use modern, ubiquitous standard technologies (XML) and provide extensible infrastructure for richer documents. The first integrates R and Microsoft Word for use by a broader audience and provides some innovations in this interface, and the second uses eXtensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) and R to provide a flexible and extensible infrastructure for richer, more accessible dynamic documents.
Fine-Grained Differences within Positional Categories

The study of primate locomotion and posture has advanced considerably since its beginnings, approximately thirty years ago. Early studies were primarily concerned with inferring the locomotor behavior of the earliest hominids, using the living great apes as analogues (Ashton and Oxnard, 1963; Napier, 1963). A turning point for studies on locomotion and posture was the 1965 Primate Locomotion Symposium, organized by Warren Kinzey. In this symposium, the importance of field studies was first emphasized, as was the importance of distinguishing between locomotor categories based upon natural behavior rather than upon skeletal anatomy or observations of zoo animals (Kinzey, 1967). At the same time, Prost (1965) stressed the importance of a standardized system to classify positional (i.e., locomotor and postural) behavior, which would allow for more precise comparison between studies, and emphasized the importance of postural (in addition to locomotor) behaviors in shaping the postcranium.
Injektionstechniken für die Rippen

In den folgenden Abschnitten sind der Interkostalblock und die Injektion in den sternokostalen Gelenkbereich beschrieben.
Compositionally graded doped hydroxyapatite coating on titanium using laser and plasma spray deposition for bone implants

Abstract Plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coating is known to improve the osteoconductivity of metallic implants. However, the adhesive bond strength of the coating is affected due to a mismatch in coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) between the metal and HA ceramic. In this study, a gradient HA coating was prepared on Ti6Al4V by laser engineered net shaping (LENS™) followed by plasma spray deposition. In addition, 1 wt% MgO and 2 wt% Ag2O were mixed with HA to improve the biological and antibacterial properties of the coated implant. Results showed that the presence of an interfacial layer by LENS™ enhanced adhesive bond strength from 26 ± 2 MPa for just plasma spray coating to 39 ± 4 MPa for LENS™ and plasma spray coatings. Presence of MgO and Ag2O did not influence the adhesive bond strength. Also, Ag+ ions release dropped by 70% less with a gradient HA LENS™ layer due to enhanced crystallization of the HA layer. In vitro human osteoblast cell culture revealed presence of Ag2O had no deleterious effect on proliferation and differentiation when compared to pure HA as control and provided antibacterial properties against E. coli and S. aureus bacterial strands. This study presents an innovative way to improve interfacial mechanical and antibacterial properties of plasma sprayed HA coating for load-bearing orthopedic as well as dental implants. Statement of significance Implants are commonly composed of metals that lack osteoconductivity. Osteoconductivity is a property where bone grows on the surface meaning the material is compatible with the surrounding bone tissue. Plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coating improves the osteoconductivity of metallic implants, however, the adhesive bond strength can be weak. This study incorporates a gradient HA coating by using an additive manufacturing technique, laser engineered net shaping (LENS™), followed by plasma spray deposition to enhance the adhesive bond strength by incorporating a thermal barrier. The proposed system has not been well studied in the current literature and the results presented bring forth an innovative way to improve the interfacial mechanical and antibacterial properties of plasma sprayed HA coating for load-bearing orthopedic implants.
Fair and Efficient Memory Sharing: Confronting Free Riders

A cache memory unit needs to be shared among n strategic agents. Each agent has different preferences over the files to be brought into memory. The goal is to design a mechanism that elicits these preferences in a truthful manner and outputs a fair and efficient memory allocation. A trivially truthful and fair solution would isolate each agent to a 1/n fraction of the memory. However, this could be very inefficient if the agents have similar preferences and, thus, there is room for cooperation. On the other hand, if the agents are not isolated, unless the mechanism is carefully designed, they have incentives to misreport their preferences and free ride on the files that others bring into memory. In this paper we explore the power and limitations of truthful mechanisms in this setting. We demonstrate that mechanisms blocking agents from accessing parts of the memory can achieve improved efficiency guarantees, despite the inherent inefficiencies of blocking.
Morphological and Electrophysiological Studies of Substantia Nigra, Tegmental Pedunculopontine Nucleus, and Subthalamus in Organotypic Co-Culture

Recently we incorporated an organotypic culture method in our basal ganglia research. In our preparation, we were successful in co-culturing more than two structures of interest1–3. This in vitro organotypic preparation combines the advantage of in vitro slice preparation for ease of intracellular sharp or patch recording under improved controlled experimental chemical environment with the in vivo preparation in which the structure of interest is not isolated from the source of their major afferents. In this report, we would like to present a triple culture preparation consisting of the tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the substantia nigra (SN).
Analysis of RNA Methylation by Phylogenetically Diverse Cfr Radical S-Adenosylmethionine Enzymes Reveals an Iron-Binding Accessory Domain in a Clostridial Enzyme

Cfr is a radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) RNA methylase linked to multidrug antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens. It catalyzes a chemically challenging C-C bond-forming reaction to methylate C8 of A2503 (Escherichia coli numbering) of 23S rRNA during ribosome assembly. The cfr gene has been identified as a mobile genetic element in diverse bacteria and in the genome of select Bacillales and Clostridiales species. Despite the importance of Cfr, few representatives have been purified and characterized in vitro. Here we show that Cfr homologues from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, Paenibacillus lautus, and Clostridioides difficile act as C8 adenine RNA methylases in biochemical assays. C. difficile Cfr contains an additional Cys-rich C-terminal domain that binds a mononuclear Fe2+ ion in a rubredoxin-type Cys4 motif. The C-terminal domain can be truncated with minimal impact on C. difficile Cfr activity, but the rate of turnover is decreased upon disruption of the Fe2+-binding site by Zn2+ substitution or ligand mutation. These findings indicate an important purpose for the observed C-terminal iron in the native fusion protein. Bioinformatic analysis of the C. difficile Cfr Cys-rich domain shows that it is widespread (∼1400 homologues) as a stand-alone gene in pathogenic or commensal Bacilli and Clostridia, with >10% encoded adjacent to a predicted radical SAM RNA methylase. Although the domain is not essential for in vitro C. difficile Cfr activity, the genomic co-occurrence and high abundance in the human microbiome suggest a possible functional role for a specialized rubredoxin in certain radical SAM RNA methylases that are relevant to human health.
Atrial Septal Defect and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke in the Perioperative Period of Noncardiac Surgery

Stroke is a serious complication of noncardiac surgery. Congenital defects of the interatrial septum may be a potent risk factor for perioperative stroke. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between atrial septal defect (ASD) or patent foramen ovale (PFO) and in-hospital perioperative ischemic stroke after non-cardiac surgery in a large nationwide cohort of patients hospitalized in the United States. Patients undergoing noncardiac surgery between 2004 and 2014 were identified using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's National Inpatient Sample. Patients without an in-hospital echocardiogram were excluded. The presence of an ostium secundum-type ASD or PFO was identified by ICD-9 diagnosis code 745.5. The primary study outcome was perioperative acute ischemic stroke. Between 2004 and 2014, there were 639,985 admissions for noncardiac surgery with an in-hospital echocardiogram. An ASD or PFO was documented in 9,041 (1.4%) hospitalizations. Perioperative ischemic stroke occurred more frequently in patients with an ASD or PFO compared with those without an ASD or PFO (35.1% vs 6.0%, p <0.001). The association between ASD or PFO and ischemic stroke persisted after adjustment for demographics and clinical covariates (adjusted odds ratio 6.30, 95% confidence interval, 5.59 to 7.10) and in all non-cardiac surgery subtypes. In conclusion, in a large, nationwide analysis of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery, a diagnosis of ASD or PFO was associated with an increased risk of acute ischemic stroke overall and in all surgical subtypes. Additional measures are necessary to mitigate stroke risk in patients with septal defects who are planned for non-cardiac surgery.
The Use of Agency Workers Hurts Business Performance: An Integrated Indirect Model

The use of agency temps in the workplace has been the subject of considerable research interest, much of it focused on the effects that using temps have on the job attitudes of regular employees. W...
TMT Editorial: The Future of Virtual Health – Near Term Analysis of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Telehealth has received a lot of attention over the past few months as healthcare providers necessarily shifted. This was initiated by the need to decrease virus exposure and PPE usage, and then further enabled by pro-telehealth reimbursement and regulatory changes. What lessons were learned that help us envision what the future might look like over the next 12 months?
Testing a Web-Based Intervention to Improve Awareness of Civility and Incivility in Baccalaureate Nursing Students

Abstract Background Incivility is a growing problem in nursing education. Educators have used a variety of strategies to promote civility and a healthier learning environment. Virtual reality simulation has been used to teach other nursing concepts, but no studies have reported using it to address civility. Method Fifty-three senior nursing students participated in a two-group intervention study to determine if virtual reality simulation increased awareness of civility and incivility. Results The intervention raised students' awareness of civility and incivility. Conclusions Virtual reality simulation may be a useful tool in promoting civility and combating incivility in nursing education.
Dynamic Origin-Destination Prediction in Urban Rail Systems: A Multi-Resolution Spatio-Temporal Deep Learning Approach

Short-term demand predictions, typically defined as less than an hour into the future, are essential for implementing dynamic control strategies and providing useful customer information in transit applications. Knowing the expected demand enables transit operators to deploy real-time control strategies in advance of the demand surge, and minimize the impact of abnormalities on the service quality and passenger experience. One of the most useful applications of demand prediction models in transit is in predicting the congestion on station platforms and crowding on vehicles. These require information about the origin-destination (OD) demand, providing a detailed profile of how and when passengers enter and exit the service. However, existing work in the literature is limited and overwhelmingly focuses on forecasting passenger arrivals at stations. This information, while useful, is incomplete for many practical applications. We address this gap by developing a scalable methodology for real-time, short-term OD demand prediction in transit systems. Our proposed model consists of three modules: multi-resolution spatial feature extraction module for capturing the local spatial dependencies with a channel-wise attention block, auxiliary information encoding module (AIE) for encoding the exogenous information, and a module for capturing the temporal evolution of demand. The OD demand at time t, represented as a N x N matrix, is processed in two separate branches. In one branch we use the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to decompose the demand into its different time and frequency variations, detecting patterns that are not visible in the raw data. In the other, three convolutional neural network (CNN) layers are utilized to learn the spatial dependencies from the OD demand directly. Instead of treating each channel of the resultant transformation equally, we use a squeeze-and-excitation layer to weight feature maps based on their contribution to the final prediction. A Convolutional Long Short-term Memory network (ConvLSTM) is then used to capture the temporal evolution of demand. The approach is demonstrated through a case study using 2 months of Automated Fare Collection (AFC) data from the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway (MTR) system. The extensive evaluation of the model shows the superiority of our proposed model compared to the other compared methods.
Genetic Counseling and Testing in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

A subgroup of patients diagnosed with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) carry transmissible pathogenic gene mutations. For many of these patients, the heritable nature of their disease can only be uncovered by genetic testing. Because identification of PAH patients who carry pathogenic gene mutations has important implications for other family members, genetic counseling and testing should be offered to patients diagnosed with idiopathic or familial PAH. This review describes the current state of genetic counseling and testing for patients diagnosed with PAH.