cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
β-Catenin/Wnt Signaling Regulates Expression of the Membrane Type 3 Matrix Metalloproteinase in Gastric Cancer

Activation of Wnt signaling through beta-catenin dysregulation occurs in numerous human tumors, including gastric cancer. The specific consequences of Wnt signaling in gastric cancer, however, are not well characterized. This study shows that the introduction of mutant beta-catenin into gastric cancer cell lines by adenoviral infection enhances invasiveness and proliferation and up-regulates the expression of the gene encoding the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family member membrane type 3 MMP (MT3-MMP). Up-regulation of MT3-MMP is critical to the invasive phenotype as shown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) studies. Immunohistochemical staining also showed that MT3-MMP was highly expressed in gastric cancers with activating beta-catenin mutations. These observations suggest that Wnt activation may contribute to gastric cancer progression by increasing the invasiveness of neoplastic cells in the stomach via up-regulation of MT3-MMP expression.
A 0.25 /spl mu/m gate length CMOS technology for 1V low power applications-device design and power/performance considerations

Device design issues in optimizing a 0.25 /spl mu/m gate length CMOS technology with multiple V/sub t/ s for 1V low power applications are studied. For the low-V/sub t/ transistor design, counterdoped super-steep retrograde (SSR+CD) channel profile is demonstrated as the optimum choice compared to the other channel profiles studied, viz. counterdoped pocket (Pocket+CD), counterdoped conventional (Conv.+CD),and conventional (Conv.), because of its superior V/sub t/-rolloff, higher nominal drive current (I/sub DRIVE/), nominal gate length being shorter than the target 0.25 /spl mu/m, and lower sensitivity of I/sub DRIVE/ to gate length control (/spl Delta/L/sub G/). The measured inverter delays and power-performance tradeoffs for both the low- and high-V/sub t/ CMOS compare favorably with the published data. For L/sub G/=0.2 /spl mu/m, the inverter delays are 60 and 32 psec/stage at IV for high-V/sub t/ and low-V/sub t/ CMOS, respectively. Additional device design issues viz. effect of gate sheet resistance (/spl rho//sub sh/), V/sub t/ and V/sub cc/ on the fraction of active power (P/sub a/) wasted as short power (P/sub s/) are investigated. High /spl rho//sub sh/ is shown, for the first time, to increase the P/sub s/. The effects of lowering V/sub cc/ and V/sub t/ (to reduce power and gain performance) on P/sub s/ depend on circuit applications: for signal-line driver (single inverter with fixed slewrate for input signal) lowering V/sub cc/ greatly reduces the P/sub s//P/sub a/. However, in logic circuits (represented by FO=4 inverter chains) the corresponding change in P/sub s//P/sub a/ is small. In both circuits lowering the V/sub t/ below /spl sim/0.1 V can greatly increase the P/sub s/. These findings may impact the design rules for 1 V ultra-low power circuits.
Topobo in the wild: longitudinal evaluations of educators appropriating a tangible interface

What issues arise when designing and deploying tangibles for learning in long term evaluations? This paper reports on a series of studies in which the Topobo system, a 3D tangible construction kit with the ability to record and playback motion, was provided to educators and designers to use over extended periods of time in the context of their day-to-day work. Tangibles for learning - like all educational materials - must be evaluated in relation both to the student and the teacher, but most studies of tangibles for learning focus on the student as user. Here, we focus on the conception of the educator, and their use of the tangible interface in the absence of an inventor or HCI researcher. The results of this study identify design and pedagogical issues that arise in response to distribution of a tangible for learning in different educational environments.
Propagation of EM pulses excited by an electric dipole in a conducting medium

Exact solutions are given for the transient electromagnetic (EM) fields excited by an electric dipole antenna with an impulsive current in a conducting medium. There exists an optimum waveform for the antenna current which can generate an EM pulse with a maximum intensity at a particular distance from the antenna. It is found that the EM fields of an EM pulse excited by an antenna in a conducting medium can be divided into two parts. The first part is an impulse wave which propagates with the speed of light (1/ square root ( mu epsilon )) and decays exponentially. The second part builds up gradually and propagates slowly, and more importantly this part attenuates as an inverse power of distance which is a much slower rate than an exponential decay. >
Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: impact of novel oral anticoagulants.

New orally administered anticoagulants will simplify stroke-prevention strategies in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Novel anticoagulants, such as dabigatran etexilate, a direct thrombin in...
Targeted Expression of Cyclin D2 Results in Cardiomyocyte DNA Synthesis and Infarct Regression in Transgenic Mice

Restriction point transit and commitment to a new round of cell division is regulated by the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and its obligate activating partners, the D-type cyclins. In this study, we examined the ability of D-type cyclins to promote cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity. Adult transgenic mice expressing cyclin D1, D2, or D3 under the regulation of the α cardiac myosin heavy chain promoter exhibited high rates of cardiomyocyte DNA synthesis under baseline conditions. Cardiac injury in mice expressing cyclin D1 or D3 resulted in cytoplasmic cyclin D accumulation, with a concomitant reduction in the level of cardiomyocyte DNA synthesis. In contrast, cardiac injury in mice expressing cyclin D2 did not alter subcellular cyclin localization. Consequently, cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity persisted in injured hearts expressing cyclin D2, ultimately resulting in infarct regression. These data suggested that modulation of D-type cyclins could be exploited to promote regenerative growth in inju...
The many facets of homeland security

This special issue on homeland security addresses some of the prime infrastructure and human engineering aspects; associated scientific research and development priorities; disease outbreak and consequence management technologies, including the psychological implications of terrorism, the ubiquitous information technology strategies that would take us through from data to information, to knowledge, intelligence and to wisdom; and the critical role of the United States Department of Homeland Security in coordinating all of these drastic changes and implementations in the continuing fight against all forms of terrorism, i.e, biological, chemical, nuclear/radiological, cyber, and so on.
New criteria and system theoretic interpretations for relatively prime polynomial matrices

New criteria as a generalization of the resultant of two polynomials are given for relative primeness of polynomial matrices together with system theoretic interpretations and unification of the existing and new criteria.
β-Blocker Use and Incidence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations

BACKGROUNDβ-Adrenergic antagonist (β-blocker) use in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been avoided as a result of potential risk of pulmonary adverse effects. However, recent studies indicate that β-blocker use in patients with COPD can decrease outpatient visits and either decrease or have no effect on the number of hospitalizations. Long-term treatment with β-blockers has been shown to increase survival and decrease exacerbations in patients with COPD.OBJECTIVETo assess the impact of β-blocker use on the incidence of exacerbations in patients with COPD.METHODSIn a retrospective cohort study of patients with COPD from 2 academic primary care practice sites who were seen in 2010, patients were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification codes for COPD and reviewing active medication lists for COPD-specific medications (tiotropium). Patients were classified as either a β-blocker user or a nonuser. Primary outcomes were inciden...
Supracerebellar transtentorial transcollateral sulcus approach to the atrium of the lateral ventricle: microsurgical anatomy and surgical technique in cadaveric dissections

Abstract Background Access to lesions located in the atrium of the lateral ventricle without causing neurologic deficit can be challenging. Here, we demonstrate the supracerebellar transtentorial transcollateral sulcus (STTS) approach as an alternative route to the atrium of the lateral ventricle using anatomical dissections in cadavers. Methods Suboccipital craniotomy with extension above the transverse sinus was performed in 5 arterial and venous latex-injected cadaveric heads (10 hemispheres). After the dural opening, arachnoidal dissection of the supracerebellar space was performed, and the tentorium cerebelli was cut from lateral to medial. This revealed the parahippocampal and fusiform gyri and collateral sulcus (CS). The distance from the CS to the atrium was measured. Results The atrium of the lateral ventricle was entered through the CS in each specimen. The cerebral hemispheres were removed from each cadaveric specimen, and dissections were performed. The distance from the CS to the atrium was 1.30 cm on the right side and 1.31 cm on the left. The CS was bifurcated in 62% of the hemispheres, whereas it was single in 38%. Through this approach, only the “u” fibers of the CS were damaged, and the fibers of the optic radiation in the inferolateral wall of the atrium were preserved. Conclusion The STTS approach may be an effective alternative approach to lesions located in the medioposterior aspect of the atrium of the lateral ventricle in selected cases. Further clinical studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this approach are needed.
An atomic level study of multiple co-implantation technology for 32nm and beyond pMOSFETs ultra-shallow junction

Carbon, Fluorine, and Nitrogen are the co-implant species known for performing PMOS ultra-shallow junction. For the first time, it is demonstrated that the combination of the above three co-implant species could be most effective in suppressing boron diffusion for the continuous device performance improvement of sub-32nm technology. V th roll-off characteristics were dramatically improved and a DIBL improvement of 30mV/V was demonstrated by applying this multiple co-implantation technology. Distinctive effect of each co-implant species for PMOS ultra-shallow junction formation was found and clarified for the first time based on SIMS analysis and kinetic Monte Carlo simulation.
The Experience of Nurse Faculty Members Enrolled in Doctoral Study

The focus of this paper is to describe the results of a study that examined the experience of nurse faculty members pursuing a doctoral degree. Influential factors in the student experience are identified from the student perspective and student recommendations for supportive practices are shared. Two hundred and seventy-seven nurses participated in a web-based survey. Participants described the rewards and challenges inherent in graduate study. Key enhancing and detracting factors were career goals and multiple life responsibilities, respectively. Primary recommendations for workplace support were adjustments in role responsibilities. The key recommendation to doctoral programs was for student centered program and course planning. This study contributes to our understanding of the doctoral student experience and can serve to guide the development of quality practices.
Laser interferometer gravitational-wave detectors: Advancing toward a global network

A new generation of gravitational wave detectors based on precision laser interferometry over long baselines should yield the first detections of these predicted waves in the next five years. The required sensitivity equivalent to displacements of ∼10−19 m over multikilometer baselines puts these detectors among the most precise optical instruments ever. To move the field from simply detecting gravitational waves to using them to probe questions in both astronomy and physics will require an expansion of the current network based in the US and Europe. A recently started project in Japan and a proposed project in Australia offer the best hopes for completing the global network.
Human IL-1 receptor antagonist partially suppresses LPS fever but not plasma levels of IL-6 in Fischer rats

A human recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) recognizes the two known IL-1 receptors and blocks the binding and many biological effects of both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta. The effectiveness of IL-1ra in modifying the fever and plasma IL-6 responses elicited by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo was tested in Fischer 344 rats. Animals that received IL-1ra 0.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally followed 10 min later by 10 micrograms/kg of LPS displayed significantly lower mean fever responses 2-4 h after injection than rats that received vehicle and LPS (0.48 +/- 0.13 vs. 0.95 +/- 0.16 degrees C, P = 0.016). Plasma levels of IL-6 at 4 h after injection were not different in IL-1ra-treated rats compared with controls (407,725 vs. 729,169 U/ml). Based on our previous finding that preadministration of antiserum to IL-1 beta markedly suppressed plasma IL-6 after LPS, and recent evidence that molar excesses of IL-1ra blocked IL-1-induced circulating IL-6 levels, the possibility that IL-1 is responsible for the induction of bioactive IL-6 during inflammation cannot be ruled out. Similarly, the inability of the IL-1ra to completely suppress the febrile responses of rats to LPS in the present study may be dose related. Alternatively, the induction of bioactive IL-6 by IL-1 in the rat may be mediated primarily through some receptor other than the type I (e.g., the type II receptor).
Novel Aluminum (Al)-Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Open-Cell Foams

This paper presents for the first time the processing of aluminum (Al)-carbon nanotube (CNT) open-cell foams. Al-2wt pct CNT and Al foams were successfully produced using a spark plasma sintering and dissolution process. Al-CNT foams with porosity levels of ~78 pct were produced. The mechanical response of the open-cell foams reveals initial evidence of enhanced damage tolerance of Al-CNT foams over Al foams produced in this study.
High-density hybridoma perfusion culture. Limitation vs inhibition.

Because our earlier work indicated a strong correlation between specific antibody productivity and cell density in perfusion culture, we conducted experiments to determine the optimum means of increasing cell density while mainitaining high antibody productivity. The rates of medium supply and waste removal were varied to determine whether cell density was limited or inhibited, and whether a diffusable substance could be responsible for the correlation between antibody productivity and cell density. Nutrient supply was found to be a stronger determinant of cell density than waste removal; however, the rate of waste removal had a greater effect on cell growth at lower cell densities. Even at noninhibitory levels of ammonia and lactate, cellular metabolism was regulated to minimize their concentrations at lowered rates of waste removal. Separate step changes in glucose and glutamine resulted in increased cell density and antibody concentration. Specific antibody productivity increased following the step in glutamine, but not glucose. Both steps caused changes in cellular metabolism that prevented the levels of lactate and ammonia from reaching toxic levels.
Toward Assessing State Department of Transportation Readiness for Connected Vehicle/Cooperative Systems Deployment Scenarios: An Oregon Case Study

As connected vehicle research moves into deployment, state, local and transit agencies, metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) and the private sector will start experiencing the effects of vehicles, after-market devices, mobile devices, and infrastructure with dedicated, short-range wireless communications (DSRC) and other wireless connectivity at their cores. Along with other states and regions, the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) can benefit from preliminary scoping, evaluation, and assessment of the impact of connected vehicles and infrastructure and a wide range of potential cooperative system applications. With this in mind, ODOT is aiming to determine whether or not to pursue the next phases of federal connected vehicle application funding. To assist ODOT in this assessment, a survey was distributed within the agency to gauge perception of connected and automated vehicle technology. However, many had concerns with cyber security and system failure having catastrophic consequences. Likewise, many voiced concerns about ODOT’s preparedness for connected or automated vehicles. ODOT can use these findings to help prepare for a better future of connected and automated vehicles.
Genomic profiling of malignant phyllodes tumors reveals aberrations in FGFR1 and PI-3 kinase/RAS signaling pathways and provides insights into intratumoral heterogeneity

Malignant phyllodes tumors of the breast are poorly understood rare neoplasms with potential for aggressive behavior. Few efficacious treatment options exist for progressed or metastatic disease. The molecular features of malignant phyllodes tumors are poorly defined, and a deeper understanding of the genetics of these tumors may shed light on pathogenesis and progression and potentially identify novel treatment approaches. We sequenced 510 cancer-related genes in 10 malignant phyllodes tumors, including 5 tumors with liposarcomatous differentiation and 1 with myxoid chondrosarcoma-like differentiation. Intratumoral heterogeneity was assessed by sequencing two separate areas in 7 tumors, including non-heterologous and heterologous components of tumors with heterologous differentiation. Activating hotspot mutations in FGFR1 were identified in 2 tumors. Additional recurrently mutated genes included TERT promoter (6/10), TP53 (4/10), PIK3CA (3/10), MED12 (3/10), SETD2 (2/10) and KMT2D (2/10). Together, genomic aberrations in FGFR/EGFR PI-3 kinase and RAS pathways were identified in 8 (80%) tumors and included mutually exclusive and potentially actionable activating FGFR1, PIK3CA and BRAF V600E mutations, inactivating TSC2 mutation, EGFR amplification and PTEN loss. Seven (70%) malignant phyllodes tumors harbored TERT aberrations (six promoter mutations, one amplification). For comparison, TERT promoter mutations were identified by Sanger sequencing in 33% borderline (n=12) and no (0%, n=8) benign phyllodes tumors (P=0.391 and P=0.013 vs malignant tumors, respectively). Genetic features specific to liposarcoma, including CDK4/MDM2 amplification, were not identified. Copy number analysis revealed intratumoral heterogeneity and evidence for divergent tumor evolution in malignant phyllodes tumors with and without heterologous differentiation. Tumors with liposarcomatous differentiation revealed more chromosomal aberrations in non-heterologous components compared with liposarcomatous components. EGFR amplification was heterogeneous and present only in the non-heterologous component of one tumor with liposarcomatous differentiation. The results identify novel pathways involved in the pathogenesis of malignant phyllodes tumors, which significantly increase our understanding of tumor biology and have potential clinical impact.
Heterogeneity of the Natural Population of Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars

In Ukraine cereals were found to be affected by bacterial leaf spots caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens and Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens. These bacteria did not differ in basic physiological and biochemical properties from those described in the literature. P. s. pv. atrofaciens and P. s. pv. coronafaciens isolates were heterogeneous in virulence and serological properties. According to the presence of group-specific antigen complexes the P. s. pv. coronafaciens isolates from oats were divided into two serological groups (I and V); P. s. pv. atrofaciens isolates from rye — into five (I, II, IV, V, VI) by using a serogrouping scheme for phytopathogenic pseudomonads described by Pastushenko and Simonovich (1979). The isolates belonging to the serogroups V (from oats) and I (from rye) were predominant.
The Transient Response of the Southern Ocean to Stratospheric Ozone Depletion

AbstractRecent studies have suggested that the response of the Southern Ocean to stratospheric ozone depletion is nonmonotonic in time; consisting of an initial cooling followed by a long-term warming. This result may be significant for the attribution of observed Southern Ocean temperature and sea ice trends, but the time scale and magnitude of the response is poorly constrained, with a wide spread among climate models. Furthermore, a long-lived initial cooling period has only been observed in a model with idealized geometry and lacking an explicit representation of ozone. Here the authors calculate the transient response of the Southern Ocean to a step-change in ozone in a comprehensive coupled climate model, GFDL-ESM2Mc. The Southern Ocean responds to ozone depletion with an initial cooling, lasting 25 yr, followed by a warming. The authors extend previous studies to investigate the dependence of the response on the ozone forcing as well as the regional pattern of this response. The response of the Sou...
The protective effect of longer duration of breastfeeding against pregnancy-associated triple negative breast cancer.

// Wael M. ElShamy 1 1 Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA Correspondence to: Wael M. ElShamy, email: // Keywords : parity associated breast cancer, oncogene escape, triple negative breast cancer, metastasis Received : April 09, 2016 Accepted : May 23, 2016 Published : May 29, 2016 Abstract Parity associated breast cancer (PABC) often diagnosed within the 2-5 years after a full term pregnancy. PABC is usually present with more advanced, poorly differentiated, high-grade cancers that show shorter time to progression and often of the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype. Data from around the world show that pregnancy-associated TNBC is independently associated with poor survival, underscoring the impact of the pregnant breast microenvironment on the biology and consequently the prognosis of these tumors. Although it is not yet clear, a link between pregnancy-associated TNBCs and lack or shorter duration of breastfeeding (not pregnancy per se ) has been proposed. Here, we present epidemiological and experimental evidence for the protective effect of longer duration of lactation against pregnancy-associated TNBCs, and propose a putative molecular mechanism for this protective effect and its effect in eliminating any potential TNBC precursors from the breast by the end of the natural breast involution.
Scaling approach in predicting the seatbelt loading and kinematics of vulnerable occupants: How far can we go?

ABSTRACTObjective: Occupants with extreme body size and shape, such as the small female or the obese, were reported to sustain high risk of injury in motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). Dimensional scaling approaches are widely used in injury biomechanics research based on the assumption of geometrical similarity. However, its application scope has not been quantified ever since. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the valid range of scaling approaches in predicting the impact response of the occupants with focus on the vulnerable populations.Methods: The present analysis was based on a data set consisting of 60 previously reported frontal crash tests in the same sled buck representing a typical mid-size passenger car. The tests included two categories of human surrogates: 9 postmortem human surrogates (PMHS) of different anthropometries (stature range: 147–189 cm; weight range: 27–151 kg) and 5 anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs). The impact response was considered including the restraint loads and t...
Practicing What We Preach: Approaching Praxis Through Classroom Governance

This article recommends techniques for matching course management practices in graduate public administration programs to the content of the curriculum. In developing these recommendations, I draw on the revolutionary ideals of alternative education for the disenfranchised in society and the equally ambitious goals of recent reform movements in public administration. Both visions assert that improved institutional performance can facilitate positive personal and social transformation. Under the assumption that these aspirations are relevant for the graduate classroom as well, I recommend the application of course management practices based on the principles of transparency, participation, accountability, and responsiveness. These practices can move public affairs education toward praxis - reflexive, active, transformative pedagogy.
Fermat’s Last Theorem and the Logicians

I re-examine Enderton’s exposition of number theory in his logic textbook, and look at Godel’s incompleteness theorems, to show that there too definitional extension is both too strong and two weak; the disparity and the resultant ambiguity in both the textbook and the proofs testify to the disparity between the referential discourse of arithmetic and number theory and the analytic discourse of logic. Then I examine parts of Andrew Wiles’ proof of Fermat’s Last Theorem in more detail, since the proof combines disparate discourses in a strikingly ampliative and inspiring way. I also discuss attempts by the logicians McLarty, Friedman, and Macintyre to rewrite the proof and try to show that the aims of logicians are different from the aims of number theorists. This disparity can however contribute to the growth of knowledge as long as both sides tolerate each other and remain open to novel kinds of interaction, with neither claiming to have the Ultimate Discourse.
A challenge for Humean externalism

Humean externalism is the view that moral motivation must be explained in terms of desires that are “external” to an agent’s motivationally-inert moral judgments. A standard argument in favor of Humean externalism appeals to the possibility of amoral or morally cynical agents—agents for whom moral considerations gain no motivational traction. The possibility of such agents seems to provide evidence for both the claim that moral judgments are themselves motivationally inert, and the claim that moral motivation has its source in desires external to those judgments. This essay makes the case that, rather than providing a compelling argument in favor of Humean externalism, the argument from amoralism can be recast to set up an important challenge to this view. On one hand, it appears that the central methodological considerations and types of evidence that undergird the externalist argument from amoralism are in tension with a central Humean commitment: namely, that desires can be sources of motivation. While it is possible for Humeans to escape this horn of the dilemma, the most plausible strategies for doing so can be co-opted by internalists to resist the argument’s externalist conclusion.
Physiologic Correlates of Increased Airway Responsiveness

The airway caliber change that occurs immediately following a deep inhalation (DI) in asthmatic subjects varies. There may be a decrease in airway caliber — i.e. bronchial constriction — or there may be no change, or dilation of the airways may occur. I would like briefly to review data which support the idea that when the clinical state and the stimulus used to produce bronchial obstruction are considered, there is a pattern that might be of value clinically and epidemiologically.
Mechanical properties of roller-compacted concrete with macro-fibers

Abstract The addition of macro-fibers to concrete slabs on ground have been shown to increase flexural capacity, fatigue resistance, reduce crack deterioration rates, and assist in shear transfer across joints and cracks. A laboratory study was performed to determine the benefits of macro-fibers in roller-compacted concrete (RCC) for pavements by measuring the change in RCCs mechanical properties and comparing it to conventional fiber-reinforced concrete for pavements. Six fiber types, four synthetic and two steel, with several fiber geometries were incorporated into RCC mixtures at two dosage levels (0.2% and 0.4% by volume). The addition of synthetic macro-fibers increased the maximum dry density (MDD) over the control RCC mix by reducing the internal friction between aggregates whereas steel fiber had a limited impact on the MDD of RCC. For several fiber types, the resultant RCC with fibers had a statistically significant increase in compressive and split tensile strength relative to the control RCC mix. The addition of fibers did not increase the flexural strength of RCC but did noticeably improve the post-peak and residual strength capacity of RCC. The increases in residual strength were dependent on the fiber type and geometry, similar to the behavior in conventional Portland cement concrete (PCC). The fracture properties of RCC with fibers based on disk-shaped compact tension (DCT) tests were shown to be similar or greater than PCC with fibers which indicates both RCC and PCC pavements, when properly constructed, will have similar fracture and fatigue resistance.
Foodways Archaeology: A Decade of Research from the Southeastern United States

Interest in the study of foodways through an archaeological lens, particularly in the American Southeast, is evident in the abundance of literature on this topic over the past decade. Foodways as a concept includes all of the activities, rules, and meanings that surround the production, harvesting, processing, cooking, serving, and consumption of food. We study foodways and components of foodways archaeologically through direct and indirect evidence. The current synthesis is concerned with research themes in the archaeology of Southeastern foodways, including feasting, gender, social and political status, and food insecurity. In this review, I explore the information that can be learned from material remains of the foodstuffs themselves and the multiple lines of evidence that can help us better understand the meanings, rituals, processes, and cultural meanings and motivations of foodways.
Partitioning Behavior of Bisphenol Alternatives BPS and BPAF Compared to BPA

With the pressure to ban or limit the use of bisphenol A (BPA), production of alternatives such as bisphenol AF (BPAF) and bisphenol S (BPS) are increasing, but little is known on their partitioning behavior for use in assessing distribution in the ecosystem. Octanol–water (DowpH) and soil-water partitioning were measured at several pH values for BPA, BPAF, and BPS. Sorption isotherms were constructed from measured aqueous and soil phase concentrations and were fit sufficiently well with a linear sorption model. pH-dependent distribution was observed in both octanol–water and soil-water systems particularly for BPS and BPAF, which have lower estimated pKa values than those for BPA. Accounting for soil organic carbon (OC) content and pH was sufficient to describe sorption reasonable well across the four soils (%OC 0.1–2.5, pH 3.8–8.6); no other soil properties correlated well with bisphenol sorption. However, for a given soil especially for the two high clay low OC soils, BPS sorbed much more than expected...
Effect of C2HF5 and C3HF7 on methane and propane ignition and laminar flame speed: Experimental and numerical evaluation

Abstract After the restriction on several ozone-depleting compounds, including the high efficiency fire suppressant Halon 1301(CF 3 Br), several alternatives have been proposed. Among them, HFC-227-(C 3 HF 7 ) and HFC-125 (C 2 HF 5 ) represent two of the most-used fire suppressants in the industry because of their environmentally favorable properties. Due to their increasing demand, it is very important to understand their combustion properties to optimize their applications and to prevent undesirable events. To this end, the present work examined the effect of C 2 HF 5 and C 3 HF 7 on CH 4 and C 3 H 8 laminar flame speeds and ignition delay times. The experimental techniques included freely propagating flames to obtain un-stretched, laminar flame speed and a shock tube for the ignition delay times in fuel-O 2 -suppressant mixtures highly diluted in Ar (∼98%) using OH* emission near 307 nm. The laminar flame speed experiments were performed at 1 atm over a range of equivalence ratios from 0.7 to 1.3, and the shock-tube tests were done near 1.5 atm over a 1350–2200 K temperature range. A chemical kinetics mechanism was assembled using a HFC set of reactions together with a recently updated C 0 -C 5 hydrocarbon mechanism and OH* chemistry. The results suggest that the tested agents may not be good alternatives as ignition preventers, although they can reduce the laminar flame speed, as a proof that they can be used as fire extinguishers. Comparisons between modeled and experimental data show that the HFC sub-mechanism behaves well, however it can be improved. Surprisingly, a sensitivity analysis shows that many of the top reactions containing fluorinated compounds are classified as ignition-promoters, especially for the experiments with CH 4 . This work presents some of the first fundamental ignition delay time and flame speed data for HFC-227 and -125, and the results can be used as the basis for future HFC-based chemical kinetics mechanism improvements and to further understand their impact on the combustion process.
Twitter Heron: Towards Extensible Streaming Engines

Twitter's data centers process billions of events per day the instant the data is generated. To achieve real-time performance, Twitter has developed Heron, a streaming engine that provides unparalleled performance at large scale. Heron has been recently open-sourced and thus is now accessible to various other organizations. In this paper, we discuss the challenges we faced when transforming Heron from a system tailored for Twitter's applications and software stack to a system that efficiently handles applications with diverse characteristics on top of various Big Data platforms. Overcoming these challenges required a careful design of the system using an extensible, modular architecture which provides flexibility to adapt to various environments and applications. Further, we describe the various optimizations that allow us to gain this flexibility without sacrificing performance. Finally, we experimentally show the benefits of Heron's modular architecture.
Ohio University's Brandon T. Grover Physical Education Center

(1961). Ohio University's Brandon T. Grover Physical Education Center. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 30-31.
Social Behavior and Serotonin

Abstract Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is implicated in the regulation of a wide range of social behaviors, including interpersonal aggression. Earlier studies investigating the role of 5-HT in aggression relied on the measurement of levels of the 5-HT metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and in later animal studies applied sophisticated pharmacological manipulations. With advances in molecular genetic techniques, the field has recently begun to focus on the genetic basis of individual differences in aggression. This chapter reviews studies of genetically modified animals and of gene polymorphisms in humans, with a particular focus on receptor genes, and gene polymorphisms located within the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) genes. We will also highlight recent imaging genetics studies and interactions with other genes and environmental factors, in order to point to promising future research approaches on the effects of serotonin on social behavior.
Contribution of human smooth muscle cells to amyloid angiopathy in AL (light-chain) amyloidosis.

Objective: Amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is a disease process that often compromises the peripheral vascular system and leads to systemic end-organ dysfunction. Although amyloid formation in...
JNK Promotes Epithelial Cell Anoikis by Transcriptional and Post-translational Regulation of BH3-Only Proteins

Summary Developmental morphogenesis, tissue injury, and oncogenic transformation can cause the detachment of epithelial cells. These cells are eliminated by a specialized form of apoptosis (anoikis). While the processes that contribute to this form of cell death have been studied, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we tested the role of the cJUN NH 2 -terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway using murine models with compound JNK deficiency in mammary and kidney epithelial cells. These studies demonstrated that JNK is required for efficient anoikis in vitro and in vivo . Moreover, JNK-promoted anoikis required pro-apoptotic members of the BCL2 family of proteins. We show that JNK acts through a BAK/BAX-dependent apoptotic pathway by increasing BIM expression and phosphorylating BMF, leading to death of detached epithelial cells.
Data Processing Framework for Development of Driving Cycles with Data from SHRP 2 Naturalistic Driving Study

In the modeling of vehicle operation costs, a driving cycle is a representative speed–time profile to describe the speed–acceleration pattern of a specific road scenario. Driving cycles are important input for estimation of fuel consumption and polluting emissions. Existing driving cycles are either from out-of-date driving data or without detailed consideration of influencing road properties because of the limitations of available data sets. As part of a project sponsored by FHWA, this research developed a data processing framework for development of driving cycles with data from both the SHRP 2 Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS) and the SHRP 2 Roadway Information Database (RID). The framework included data processing of NDS and RID data and a new synthetic optimization method to generate optimized representative driving cycles. The documented data processing framework was applied to develop the driving cycles of light-duty vehicles for 395 road scenarios with consideration of 10 road properties that could...
Monosomics in Soybean: Origin, Identification, Cytology, and Breeding Behavior

An individual lacking one chromosome is called monosomic and is designated as 2n - 1. Monosomics are useful for locating genes to specific chromosomes and in the assignment of linkage groups. Monosomics are rare in diploid crops. The objective of this study was to determine the origin, morphology, cytology, fertility, and breeding behavior of two spontaneously produced monosomics (2n = 39) in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr., 2n = 40]. The two monosomic plants were identified among progenies of triplo 3 (BC3) and triplo 6 (BC 4 ) trisomic plants, backcrossed to 'Clark 63' as the recurrent parent. The two monosomics are designated as mono-3 and mono-6. The two monosomic and one disomic sibling plants were grown in the greenhouse to evaluate reproductive and morphological traits. Chromosome associations were examined at Metaphase I. F 1 hybrids from the crosses of monosomics with Clark 63 and selfed populations were used to evaluate breeding behavior. Morphologically, mono-6 was similar to the disomic, while mono-3 was smaller with reduced vigor. Both monosomics showed 19 II + 1 I chromosome assodation at Metaphase I. Pollen fertility in mono-3 was 8.8% and in mono-6 was 20.0%. Mono-3 and mono-6 produced 59 and 176 S 1 (first selfed generation) seeds. Female transmission (mono-3 Clark 63) in mono-3 was 6.5% and self-pollination yielded 3.5% 2n - 1 offspring. By contrast, mono-6 was not transmitted among 105 S 1 plants, although one plant with 39 normal chromosomes plus one acrocentric chromosome was found. This study demonstrates that monosomics in soybean are viable and fertile, but that the transmission rate is sporadic.
Diagnostic Measurements and Imaging Technologies for the Middle Ear

Clinical diagnostic tools and imaging technologies can be used to quantify both the physical and functional status of the middle ear in humans. Four fundamental measurement approaches provide quantifiable information. Behavioral measures are the primary, oldest, most common and least invasive and are based on controlled acoustic signals and voluntary responses. Physical measures were developed later and are based on a controlled acoustic signals and controlled static air pressure in the external ear canal while simultaneously measuring the resultant sound pressure. Physiological measures include a variety of involuntary responses that result from controlled acoustic signals that induce specific involuntary physiological activity including reflexive contractions of the middle ear muscles, acoustic signals generated by the cochlear structures, and neural activity from the peripheral auditory neural system detected from electrical signals measured with surface electrodes on the head. Imaging technology, currently undergoing many new developments, is becoming available clinically and being adapted specifically for clinical use. This chapter will outline the current status of these clinical technologies and define how they interact and can be analyzed to provide very precise, repeatable, and quantifiable measures of the structure and function of the entire middle ear and its components in a living human.
Neurogenic Human Hypertension

The autonomic nervous system exerts powerful control over human cardiovascular function through many delicate regulatory mechanisms that modulate blood pressure, heart rate (HR), cardiac output, and contractility in a highly specific and targeted manner (1, 2). The arterial and cardiopulmonary reflex mechanisms converging on the brainstem (3, 4) are perhaps the best studied systems, but others such as cortical, insular cortical, and amygdala centers, and renal and skeletal muscle afferents have important effects as well. Visceral sympathetic afferent reflexes may also contribute to pressor mechanisms (5).
Doublecortin-like kinase 1 exhibits cancer stem cell-like characteristics in a human colon cancer cell line

Objective: Colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) are implicated in colorectal cancer carcinogenesis, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. The identification of these cells could help to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) has been viewed as a marker for gastrointestinal stem cells that fuel the self-renewal process, however others view them as a marker of Tuft cells or as an enteroendocrine subtype. The purpose of this study was to use a colon cancer cell line to identify and characterize the stem-like characteristics of the DCLK1+ cell population. Methods: To enrich stem-like cells, HCT116 cells (derived from colon adenocarcinomas) were cultured using serum-free media to form spheres under both normal oxygen and hypoxia condition. DCLK1 transcript expression in the adherent parental cells and spheroids was quantified using quantitative real time reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction [(q)RT-PCR]. DCLK1 protein expression was determined using flow cytometry. Self-renewal capability from adherent parental cells and spheroids was determined using extreme limiting dilution analysis (ELDA). Results: Under both normal oxygen and hypoxia condition, the adherent parental cells were composed of cells that express low levels of DCLK1. However, spheroids exhibited an increased frequency of cells expressing DCLK1 on both mRNA and protein levels. Cells derived from spheroids also possess stronger self-renewal capability. Conclusions: The higher fraction of DCLK1+ cells exhibited by spheroids and hypoxia reflects the stemlike characteristics of these cells. DCLK1 may represent an ideal marker to study and develop effective strategies to overcome chemo-resistance and relapse of colon cancer.
Two Rival Understandings of Autonomy, Paternalism, and Bioethical Principlism

Beauchamp and Childress’ Principles of Biomedical Ethics is built around an opposition to medical paternalism, as well as around a crucial and fatal ambiguity regarding their primary principle of autonomy (Beauchamp and Childress, 1979). On the one hand, Beauchamp and Childress invoke Kant’s views of autonomy to explain the force of their principle of autonomy. On the other hand, they regard their principle of autonomy to be directed to respecting what Kant would recognize as heteronomous choices, that is, immoral choices. Their principle of autonomy and the bioethics it endorses are framed in terms of the ethos criticized by Griffin Trotter (Chapter 3, this volume), the ethos of doing things “my very own way”, which lies at the heart of the culture that produced bioethics (Trotter, 2011). Given their endorsement of heteronomous individualism, Beauchamp and Childress mean for physicians to respect patients’ choices, even when decisions are made on the basis of inclinations, not rational decision-making. Their respect of heteronomous, autonomous choices sets their principle of autonomy at tension with the principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice, which concern the non-liberty-directed best interests of the patient.
Comparing the Performance of a Cable-Driven Active Leg Exoskeleton (C-ALEX) Over-Ground and on a Treadmill

Ahstract- Robotic rehabilitation devices have gained significant popularity in the past decade. Over-ground leg exoskeletons commonly use traditional rigid link architectures or support the weight of a user by strapping the user in a harness. This results in bulky and large architectures which are cumbersome and restrictive. C- ALEX is a leg exoskeleton without a rigid link structure which has been used in gait training on a treadmill. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of using the C-ALEX exoskeleton over-ground. We converted C-ALEX into a carted system for over-ground use. We tested the architecture on eight healthy subjects to compare the controller's RMS joint torque errors, the effects on step height, joint angles and the deviation of ankle trajectories from target trajectories. The results show that C-ALEX's controller and tension planner have comparable RMS torque errors with no significant difference between the two use cases. C-ALEX is able to increase the step height, affect knee flexion in both walking conditions with no significant difference. There is significant difference between C-ALEX's ability to control hip flexion angles and deviation area over-ground and on a treadmill.
TWO-SITE PROPERTY OF THENOYLTRIFLUOROACETONE INHIBITING SUCCINATE-UBIQUINONE REDUCTASE

It is proved by using the Dixon plot and the Lineweaver-Burk plot that thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA) has two inhibitive sites affecting the reduction of ubiquinone catalyzed by succinate-ubiquinone reductase. The high affinity site (inhibited at the concentration of thenoyltrifluoroacetone less than 20 μmol/L) shows noncompetitive with substrate Q 2 , while the low affinity site (inhibited at the concentration of TTFA over 20 μmol/L) shows competitive. It is suggested that both the reducing steps of Q→QH and QH→QH 2 are inhibited by thenoyltrifluoroacetone.