cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Benzo(a)pyrene, but not 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, alters cell adhesion proteins in human uterine RL95-2 cells.

Abstract This study compared the effects of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), two aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists, on cell attachment and adherens junction proteins in RL95-2 human uterine endometrial cells. Exposure to 10 μ M BaP significantly decreased cell attachment to Matrigel, whereas 10 nM TCDD had no effect. Immunocytochemistry and Western immunoblot analysis showed that BaP, but not TCDD, produced a marked loss of plasma membrane epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) localized along intercellular boundaries. BaP-treated cells exhibited significant decreases in β-catenin and cadherin protein levels, while vinculin levels remained unchanged relative to control. In contrast, TCDD treatment had no effect on the levels of β-catenin, cadherin, or vinculin. Further studies using the fluorescein labeled peptide phalloidin showed the presence of continuous subcortical actin filaments in control cells, whereas BaP-treated cells had subcortical actin aggregates. Thus, in contrast to TCDD, BaP produces a loss of cell attachment involving decreased localization of molecules important for cell–cell interactions in RL95-2 cells.
Three-Dimensional Adaptive Guidance Law Based on Robust Control Method

In order to stabilize the required overload of last ballistic paragraph for the interception of high-speed and high-mobility targets, two types of three-dimensional adaptive proportional guidance algorithm are proposed in this paper. Through the establishment of three-dimensional kinematics equations which describe the moving relationships of the missile and target, the acceleration and velocity direction which relate with the target motion are treated as the amount of interference, which is compensated in the design of guidance law based on the application of Lyapunov stability theory of robust control methods, a three-dimensional adaptive variable structure guidance law and an augmented proportional guidance law are designed. in this paper, a method of estimating the acceleration and velocity direction of the target is given. Simulation results show that, in the last ballistic paragraph, the required overload of the adaptive variable structure guidance law and the augmented proportional guidance law is less than the pure proportional guidance law, the three-dimensional adaptive proportional navigation guidance algorithms have the apparent effect to stabilize the required overload, sight to target angular rate system has strong robustness, the shortcomings of the traditional PPNG method can be overcame.
Muscarinic receptor subtypes in rat dorsal cochlear nucleus

We previously reported that responses of spontaneously active rat dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) neurons to cholinergic agonists are mediated predominantly by muscarinic receptors. We have now tested the effects of 7 antagonists with differing affinities for the muscarinic receptor subtypes M1–M4 on the responses to constant, submaximal doses of carbachol in rat brainstem slices. Each slice was exposed to one or more concentrations of one antagonist applied during extracellular recording of a DCN neuron. The concentrations yielding 50% reduction of test responses (IC50) of regular and bursting neurons were estimated for each antagonist. Correlation coefficients were calculated between log(IC50) values and log(Ki) values of the drugs for the receptor subtypes. Correlation coeffi for both regular and bursting neurons were not significant (P>0.05) for M1 and M3, but were significant (P<0.02) for M4. Bursting but not regular neurons also showed a significant correlation for M2 (P<0.05). Our results suggest that (1) M4 contributes to the cholinergic responses in DCN and M2 may also contribute to the responses of bursting neurons, but the contribution of other subtypes cannot be completely excluded; (2) muscarinic subtypes in DCN probably differ from those reported for cochlea and some brain regions.
Effect of normal standard errors on lognormal distributions

Abstract Simulated ‘empirical’ data sets were generated to assess the effect of a normally distributed blank on the apparent frequency distribution of a constituent whose concentrations are actually lognormally distributed. When the standard deviation of the blank ( s blank ) is relatively small, on the order of 10–50% of the geometric mean, the major consequence is a significant downturn in the cumulative probability plot at the low end of the concentration scale. With larger standard deviations, the upper portion of the plot is also substantially affected; concentrations for a given cumulative frequency can be significantly higher than those which actually exist. However, regression of the data above the detection limit (defined as 2 times s blank ) can yield reasonably good estimates of the actual distribution parameters even when the standard deviation is comparable to the actual geometric mean. At higher standard deviations, regression analysis yields substantially biased results. A simple moments method is suggested for estimating the parameters (geometric mean and standard geometric deviation) of the actual lognormal distribution when s blank is known, as it should be under most experimental protocols. Results from the simulated data sets indicate that this method yields very good estimates of the parameters even when s blank is significantly larger than the geometric mean. Mineral aerosol concentrations from American Samoa are presented to illustrate the effects in a real data set and the ability of the moments method to predict the actual distribution.
Auditory/visual distance estimation: accuracy and variability.

Past research has shown that auditory distance estimation improves when listeners are given the opportunity to see all possible sound sources when compared to no visual input. It has also been established that distance estimation is more accurate in vision than in audition. The present study investigates the degree to which auditory distance estimation is improved when matched with a congruent visual stimulus. Virtual sound sources based on binaural room impulse response (BRIR) measurements made from distances ranging from approximately 0.3 to 9.8 m in a concert hall were used as auditory stimuli. Visual stimuli were photographs taken from the listener’s perspective at each distance in the impulse response measurement setup presented on a large HDTV monitor. Listeners were asked to estimate egocentric distance to the sound source in each of three conditions: auditory only (A), visual only (V), and congruent auditory/visual stimuli (A+V). Each condition was presented within its own block. Sixty-two listeners were tested in order to quantify the response variability inherent in auditory distance perception. Distance estimates from both the V and A+V conditions were found to be considerably more accurate and less variable than estimates from the A condition.
Rapid postembryonic development of a cricket flight muscle

The metathoracic dorsal longitudinal muscle (DLM) of the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus differentiated and developed rapidly over the last nymphal instar. Within eight days, the muscle mass increased by a factor of 15 and the relative volume of mitochondria quadrupled, while the relative amounts of myofibril and sarcoplasmic reticulum decreased. Tracheoblasts began to invade the muscle fibers immediately before the adult molt. Muscle mass continued to increase until four days after the adult molt, but the relative volumes of the ultrastructural components did not change. Within two weeks following the adult molt, the muscles in some of the animals began to degenerate.
Critical discussion of relevant physical issues surrounding the weeping of nuclear-waste casks

Abstract Spent fuel casks have arrived at fuel disposal sites on numerous occasions with removable external surface contamination levels in excess of regulatory limits, although preshipment surveys indicated much lower contamination levels. This phenomenon is called “weeping” and a conceptual model has been proposed here to describe the same. A passive, vitreous oxide film having M-O and M-OH bonds is believed to form on the SS 304 cask surface which incorporates the pool-borne radio-nuclides into its network structure during cask-loading in the spent fuel pool. Reordering and crystallization of the film takes place some time after the cask has been removed from the pool, decontaminated and shipped. The incorporated nuclides are thus able to migrate through the more defective, crystalline film to the film exterior, leading to a “weeping” phenomenon. The model successfully takes into account the effect of various factors which are known to influence weeping, e.g., humidity and temperature of the environment, cask exposure to sunlight, and its surface roughness.
Musculocutaneous Neuropathy: Case Report and Discussion

The musculocutaneous nerve arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus and contains fibers from the C5, C6, and C7 spinal nerve roots. It innervates such muscles as the biceps brachii and brachialis as well as supply branches to the skin over the lateral cubital and forearm regions via the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve. Musculocutaneous neuropathy can arise from exercise, participating in sports, strenuous activity, cast placement, trauma, and surgery in addition to other less understood causes such as Parsonage Turner syndrome. We present the case of a 55-year-old female who complained of numbness, weakness, and pain throughout the arm starting 1 day following a surgical procedure. Electrodiagnostic testing revealed a musculocutaneous neuropathy with significant axonal injury. Symptoms of musculocutaneous neuropathy may be similar to cervical spinal nerve root impingement or brachial plexus lesions. Therefore, magnetic resonance imaging and electrodiagnostic studies may be useful in differentiating between these conditions. Once the diagnosis of musculocutaneous neuropathy has been made, treatments include relative rest, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, splinting, physical therapy, and surgical decompression in cases that do not respond to conservative management.
Research Review: A Survey of Cross-National Organizational Researchers: Their Views and Opinions

This review presents the results of a survey of fifty cross-national organizational researchers with regard to what they assessed to be popular topics of cross-nation and single nation research and what topics they felt could benefit from a cross-national organizational research perspective. It compares research responses about popular topics with an independent title search over recent years of the major academic journals in the field, and ends with a discussion of what the authors see as emerging trends in the field.
Development of a new orthotopic animal model of metastatic liver cancer in the rabbit VX2 model: effect on metastases after partial hepatectomy, intra-arterial treatment with 3-bromopyruvate and chemoembolization.

Aim The aim of our study was to compare the influence of partial hepatectomy, intra-arterial treatment with 3-BrPA and TACE on regional and distant metastases. In order to achieve our objective, we tested the feasibility of both resection, intra-arterial therapy with 3-BrPA and TACE of VX2 liver cancer in New Zealand White rabbits. Methods VX2 tumors were implanted in the left lateral lobe of the liver of 20 rabbits. Tumors were allowed to grow for 14 days. Rabbits were divided in four groups. Group 1 (n = 2) was sacrificed 14 days post implantation. Group 2, 3 and 4 (n = 6) underwent left lateral hepatectomy, a 1 h intra-arterial infusion with 3-BrPA and TACE respectively. Animals in each group were further subdivided into three groups of two animals each corresponding to the time-point of sacrifice after the procedure (7, 14 and 21 days respectively). After sacrifice, organs were harvested, fixed and analyzed. Results Pathologic examination showed lung metastases in all 20 rabbits. Abdominal cavity dissemination was seen in five rabbits in Group 2, two rabbits in Group 3 and all rabbits in Group 4. Kidney metastases were seen in two rabbits treated with TACE. Conclusion The VX2 rabbit model of liver cancer is a suitable model to compare the influence of partial hepatectomy, intra-arterial treatment with 3-BrPA and TACE on tumor recurrence in the form of regional and distant metastases. Our results indicate that intra-arterial delivery of 3-BrPA may result in a favorable metastatic profile when compared to both liver resection and TACE.
High spatial resolution measurements of specific absorption rate around ICD leads

Introduction: It has been shown that strong electric shocks can cause local refractoriness in the heart. This is of particular concern if the region of refractoriness is the area sensed by an implant to determine cardiac rhythm, as is the case with many Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) leads which use the same electrodes for shocking and sensing. Failure to sense the true cardiac rhythm can cause application of unnecessary shocks and potential induction of arrhythmias. We developed a system to accurately map the areas where local refractoriness is most probable. We measured the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) around typical ICD leads. Current density (J), a parameter that determines defibrillation effectiveness, is proportional to the square root of SAR. Methods and results: SAR measurements were performed in a homogeneous saline media using a variety of ICD leads. Gated 60 Hz shocks were used to produce heating, which was measured by thermistor probes. The temperature-rate-of-change is directly proportional to the SAR. Measurement techniques were developed that produced accurate SAR results at high spatial resolutions. Multiple polarities and configurations of ICD leads were tested. Conclusions: We confirmed the spatial distribution of the SAR and corresponding current density possessed sharp peaks and were highly localized around the leads’ electrodes. Scans with a resolution of 1 mm or less are required in the area of peak SAR in order to capture the peak’s value. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of IPEM.
Cleft lip with and without cleft palate in blacks: an analysis of 81 patients

The clinical records of 81 black patients with cleft lip with or without cleft palate were reviewed. Four had midline clefts. Of the remaining 77, 45 were unilateral (left 28, right 17), with 11 of these involving only the primary palate. Bilateral clefts were seen in 32, with only 2 involving just the primary palate. Males and females were approximately equal in number. Two were associated with EEC syndrome. Other congenital anomalies were seen in 9 patients. The family history was positive for clefts in 5 of 65 patients (7.7 percent). A review of 255 white patients with cleft lip with or without cleft palate revealed a positive family history in 94 (37 percent). The difference was statistically significant.
Introduction: Between ecology and evolutionary biology

Ecology emerged as a self-conscious discipline during the last decade of the nineteenth century, growing out of a heterogeneous mix of fields. Indeed, its roots are as different as field natural history and experimental physiology. 1 Given that ecology was (and remains) such a heterogeneous enterprise, it is unlikely that any single perspective will suffice to describe its history. Several very different approaches have already proved fruitful. Ronald Tobey has discussed the changing importance of applied versus non-mission-oriented research in the development of ecology. Sharon Kingsland has emphasized the relative merits of theoretical versus empirical research at various points in the history of the discipline. Robert McIntosh has taken the very heterogeneity of the discipline as his perspective on its history} The papers that follow approach the history of ecology from yet another standpoint, namely, the changing role of evolutionary theory in the solution of ecological problems. In On the Origin o f Species Darwin frequently brought evolu-
Following Up on Clinical Recommendations in Transitions from Hospital to Nursing Home

Following up on recommendations made at the time of a hospital discharge is important to patient safety. While data is lacking, specifically around the transition of patient to nursing home, it has been postulated that missed items such as laboratory tests may result in adverse patient outcomes. To determine the extent of this problem, a retrospective cohort study of subjects discharged from an academic medical center and admitted to nursing homes (NH) was followed to determine the type of discharge recommendations and the rate of completion. In addition, for the purpose of generalizability, the 30-day hospital readmission rate was calculated. 152 recommendations were made on 51 subjects. Almost a quarter of the recommendations made by the hospital discharging team were not acted upon. Furthermore, for the majority of those recommendations that were not acted upon, a reason could not be determined. In concert with national data, 20% of the subjects returned to the hospital within 30 days. Further investigation is warranted to determine if an association exists between missed recommendations and hospital readmission from the nursing home setting.
Role of the Interventional Pulmonologist in the Intensive Care Unit

Interventional pulmonology is a new field within the pulmonary and critical care medicine specialty with a focus on invasive diagnostic and therapeutic modalities in airway and pleural disorders. The interventional pulmonologist is highly qualified to take a prominent role in the intensive care unit in a consultative fashion to provide assistance with pleural procedures, establishment and care of artificial airways, and management of patients with respiratory failure attributable to structural central airway disorders. The presence of a dedicated operator with advanced skills facilitates access to specialized procedures in an expeditious and safe manner. Clear communication between the interventional pulmonologist and intensivist is vital to ensure a collaborative effort that delivers optimal patient care.
Performance characterization of a high-speed analog video processing signal chain for use in visible and infrared focal plane applications

The electronics signal processing system (preamplification through digitization) used to capture signals from advanced visible and infrared focal planes requires careful design and component selection to insure focal plane limited performance. We describe the design of a multi-channel signal processing system and its detailed electronic characterization in terms of gain, offset, noise (rms, spectral, and coherent), integral nonlinearity, differential nonlinearity, frequency response, step response, and electrical crosstalk. The test system, test methodology, and test issues are also discussed.
Comparison of the pulmonary, hepatic and renal extraction of PGI2 and 6-keto-PGE1.

Abstract Prostaglandin (PG)I 2 and 6-keto-PGE 1 were infused into the aortic, arch, femoral vein, renal artery and portal vein in anestized dogs over a dose range to produce aa stable decrease in systemic blood pressure after 7 min of infusion. Mesenteric artery blood flow was measured continously with a non-cannulating electromagnetic flow probe. Parallel log dose-response relationships were seen for decreases in blood pressure and increases in mesenteric blood flow with both prostaglandins when infused into the aortic arch. The dose responses for intra-aortic and intra-aortic and intravenous infusion of PGI 2 were not different shifted to the right with intrarenal and intraportal infusions. With 6-keto-PGE 1 the dose responses after intravenous, intrarenal and intraportal infusions were all shifted to the right. By comparing doses which reduced blood pressure by 10 mm Hg, the extraction of the PGs by the lungs, kidney and liver was calculated. PGI 2 had no significant pulmonary extraction, 31% renal and 75% hepatic extraction. In contrast, 6-keto-PGE 1 had extractions of 40, 66 and 51% for pulmonary, renal, and hepatic vascular beds, respectively. We conclude that 6-keto-PGE 1 is reasonably well extracted by the lungs, kidney, and liver.
The condo of condos

University-located computational and data storage resources are increasingly being aggregated into shared university-level systems that are dubbed "condominium clusters." This session will describe the "Condo of Condos," a "consortium of the willing" that is working together to extend this condominium model both locally and across the consortium. By aggregating resources and expertise at the institutional level it will be possible to create distributed technical and support operations that provide faculty and students with methods to leverage a much larger and robust set of resources. Partnering with Internet2, the consortium will use the Innovation Platform to connect campuses and allow high performance interconnections through Science DMZs that can be built and broken down in ad-hoc ways using SDN. The ability to develop these network connections, coupled with the project's community building characteristics, will be a model for "team science" that can be extended and replicated nationally. By leveraging existing local and national computing resources (XSEDE and Open Science Grid), we will enable science and education deployments that are not possible today, making complex collaborations with computational needs routine. This project will be transformative for campus IT and will create a community of practitioners that shares resources, experience, and expertise to facilitate new knowledge and discovery.
Crustal and Upper Mantle Structure of the Columbia Plateau from Long Range Seismic–Refraction Measurements

Seismic-refraction measurements were made along a 600-km profile extending due south from the Canadian border across the Columbia Plateau into eastern Oregon. The source for the seismic waves was a series of 20high-energy chemical explosions detonated by the Canadian government in Greenbush Lake, British Columbia. First arrivals recorded along this profile are on the Pn travel-time branch. In northern Washington and central Oregon, their travel time is described by T = Δ/8.0 + 7.7 sec; but in the Columbia Plateau, the Pn arrivals are as much as 0.9 sec early with respect to this line. An interpretation of these Pn arrivals together with later crustal arrivals suggest that the crust under the Columbia Plateau is thinner by as much as 12 km or has an average P-wave velocity higher by as much as 0.8 km/sec than the 35-km-thick, 6.2-km/sec crust under the granitic-metamorphic terrain of northern Washington. A tentative interpretation of later arrivals recorded beyond 500 km from the shots suggests that a thin 8.4-km/sec horizon at a depth of 100 km may be present in the upper mantle beneath the Columbia Plateau and that this horizon may form the lid to a pronounced low-velocity zone extending to a depth of about 140 km.
What is Critical About Sociology

Critical thinking is often presented as a generic technique. This article develops an alternative that links critique more closely to the sociological perspective. I suggest three answers to the above question: that the sociological perspective is critical for comprehending complex issues, that all sociology is implicitly critical by virtue of its debunking tendency, and that some sociology is explicitly critical by virtue of value commitments that lead to a critique of domination. The article identifies some basic themes of what it means to think sociologically, discusses sociology's “double critique” in more detail, illustrates the critical potential of scientific, humanistic and critical approaches to sociology, and explores some implications of this approach for how we teach sociology. It concludes by suggesting that the goal of fostering critical thinking in our students might better be met by returning to the critical roots of our own discipline.
Selective Down-regulation of KV2.1 Function Contributes to Enhanced Arterial Tone during Diabetes

Enhanced arterial tone is a leading cause of vascular complications during diabetes. Voltage-gated K+ (KV) channels are key regulators of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contractility and arterial tone. Whether impaired KV channel function contributes to enhance arterial tone during diabetes is unclear. Here, we demonstrate a reduction in KV-mediated currents (IKv) in VSMCs from a high fat diet (HFD) mouse model of type 2 diabetes. In particular, IKv sensitive to stromatoxin (ScTx), a potent KV2 blocker, were selectively reduced in diabetic VSMCs. This was associated with decreased KV2-mediated regulation of arterial tone and suppression of the KV2.1 subunit mRNA and protein in VSMCs/arteries isolated from HFD mice. We identified protein kinase A anchoring protein 150 (AKAP150), via targeting of the phosphatase calcineurin (CaN), and the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T-cells c3 (NFATc3) as required determinants of KV2.1 suppression during diabetes. Interestingly, substantial reduction in transcript levels for KV2.1 preceded down-regulation of large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channel β1 subunits, which are ultimately suppressed in chronic hyperglycemia to a similar extent. Together, our study supports the concept that transcriptional suppression of KV2.1 by activation of the AKAP150-CaN/NFATc3 signaling axis contributes to enhanced arterial tone during diabetes.
Long‐Term Water Quality and Biological Responses to Multiple Best Management Practices in Rock Creek, Idaho

Abstract: Water quality and macroinvertebrate assemblage data from 1981 to 2005 were assessed to evaluate the water quality and biological responses of a western trout stream to the implementation of multiple best management practices (BMPs) on irrigated cropland. Data from Rock Creek near Twin Falls, Idaho, a long-term monitoring site, were assembled from state and federal sources to provide the evaluation. Seasonal loads of the nonpoint source pollutants suspended sediment (SS), total phosphorus (TP), and nitrate-nitrite (NN) were estimated using a regression model with time-series streamflow data and constituent concentrations. Trends in the macroinvertebrate assemblages were evaluated using a number of biological metrics and nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination. Regression analysis found significant annual decreases in TP and SS flow-adjusted concentrations during the BMP implementation period from 1983 to 1990 of about 7 and 10%, respectively. These results are coincident with the implementation of multiple BMPs on about 75% of the irrigated cropland in the watershed. Macroinvertebrate assemblages during this time also responded with a change in taxa composition resulting in improved biotic index scores. Taxon specific TP and SS optima, empirically derived from a large national dataset, predicted a decrease in SS concentrations of about 37% (52 to 33 mg/l) and a decrease in TP concentrations of about 50% (0.20 to 0.10 mg/l) from 1981 to 1987. Decreasing trends in TP, SS, and NN pollutant loads were primarily the result of naturally low streamflow conditions during the BMP post-implementation period from 1993 to 2005. Trends in macroinvertebrate responses during 1993 to 2005 were confounded by the introduction of the New Zealand mudsnail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum), which approached densities of 100,000 per m2 in riffle habitat. The occurrence of this invasive species appears to have caused a major shift in composition and function of the macroinvertebrate assemblages.
Does a logarithmic term exist in the density expansion of a transport coefficient

Abstract It is reported that Kawasaki-Oppenheim's sum of most divergent parts does not lead to the existence of logarithmic terms in the density expansion of a transport coefficient for a classical or quantum gas with short range forces.
Within-signal learning in autoshaping

Four experiments explored the formation of associations among elements of a compound visual CS in an autoshaping preparation using pigeon subjects. Experiment 1 found evidence for such associations when the compound was presented without food reinforcement. Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrated that compounds embedded in procedures that produce blocking and conditioned inhibition also developed associations among their elements. Experiment 4 found, using a conditional discrimination procedure, that such within-signal associations were weakened, but not eliminated, by the presentation of food reinforcement at the end of the compound. These results suggest a pervasive role for within-signal associations across a variety of conditioning procedures that have been given central roles in current theories of conditioning.
A synthesis of 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-D-allose and 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-D altrose☆

Abstract : 2-Acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-D-allose and 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-D-altrose were prepared from 5-deoxy-D-ribose via a synthetic sequence including modified Nef reactions.
Thiouracil derivatives of greater activity for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.

ACONTINUED investigation of compounds which inhibit the function of the thyroid gland has revealed that appropriate substituents on the thiouracil molecule confer a greatly increased activity. The compounds 6-ethylthiouracil and 6-n propylthiouracil are among a group which are approximately ten times as active as thiouracil when tested in rats; compounds of this class have exhibited an activity far superior to any of some 300 thus far explored 2). Tests in rats have also shown that these derivatives exert a more lasting effect following a single dose than does thiouracil, a substance known to be rapidly eliminated from the body. These derivatives have the further therapeutic advantage of a greater activity-toxicity ratio; while they are more toxic than thiouracil on a weight basis they are considerably less toxic in acute and in chronic experiments when administered in quantities calculated on the basis of equivalent anti-thyroid effect. A selected group of the more effective anti-thyroid compounds when t...
The Colossi of Memnon Revisited: Recent research has established the source of the stone of the two 720-ton statues at Thebes

The only areas that are likely to have furnished the original stone for the Colossi of Memnon are near Cairo (Gebel el Ahmar), Aswan, and possibly Silsileh. Neutron activation analysis of samples from the colossi shows them to be distinctly different from samples obtained from the three known quarries near Aswan and from the quarries near Silsileh and Edfu, but very similar to samples obtained from Gebel el Ahmar. Petrographic analysis of colossi and quarry samples also provides strong evidence that the colossi came from Gebel el Ahmar. The blocks used by the engineers of Septimius Severus to reconstruct the north colossus were shown by neutron activation analysis to have originated from a deposit other than Gebel el Ahmar. The composition of these blocks conformed with samples taken from the quarries 8 and 9 km north of Edfu (the quartzite deposit closest to Thebes) and from the Aswan quarries. Petrographic analysis associated these reconstruction blocks with Edfu but not with Aswan. Neutron activation analysis of other artifacts in the area of the colossi indicates that they also came from Cairo rather than Aswan.
Bacterial isolates and antimicrobial susceptibilities in equine bacterial ulcerative keratitis (1993–2004)

Summary Reasons for performing study: Bacterial ulcerative keratitis is a common and often vision-threatening problem in horses. Emerging bacterial resistance to commonly used topical antibiotics has been demonstrated. Previous antibiotic use may alter the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates. Objectives: To document aerobic bacterial isolates and associated bacterial susceptibilities from horses with ulcerative keratitis treated at the University of Tennessee between January 1993 and May 2004 and determine whether prior antibiotic therapy affected antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. Methods: Medical records from horses with ulcerative keratitis and positive aerobic bacterial cultures and antimicrobial susceptibility were evaluated. Clinical history regarding antibiotic therapy prior to culture was documented. Results: Fifty-one aerobic bacterial isolates from 43 horses were identified. Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus was the most commonly isolated organism, accounting for 33.3% of all isolates, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.8%), Staphylococcus spp. (11.8%) and Gram-negative nonfermenting rods (7.8%). No resistance was noted amongst S. equi ssp. zooepidemicus to cephalothin, chloramphenicol or ciprofloxacin. Only 64% of S. equi ssp. zooepidemicus isolates were sensitive to bacitracin. No resistance was noted among P. aeruginosa to gentamicin, tobramycin or ciprofloxacin. Antibiotic therapy with neomycin-polymixin B-bacitracin prior to presentation and culture was documented in 11/17 horses in which S. equi ssp. zooepidemicus was isolated and in 4/6 horses in which P. aeruginosa was isolated. Three horses received topical corticosteroids prior to culture, of which 2 had polymicrobial infections. Conclusions: S. equi ssp. zooepidemicus and P. aeruginosa were the most frequently isolated bacterial organisms in equine ulcerative keratitis. No significant trends in aminoglycoside or fluoroquinolone resistance were noted among these organisms. However, the resistance of S. equi ssp. zooepidemicus to bacitracin with common use of this antibiotic suggests that previous antibiotic therapy probably affects antimicrobial resistance. Potential relevance: Therapy prior to culture may play an important role in antimicrobial susceptibility of corneal bacterial isolates. Corticosteroid use may increase the risk of polymicrobial infections of corneal ulcers, leading to a worse prognosis. Although significant fluoroquinolone resistance has not been documented in the veterinary literature, these antimicrobials should be reserved for known infected corneal ulcers and not used for prophylaxis. Empirical antibiotic therapy should not only be guided by clinical signs, but also take into consideration previous antimicrobial and corticosteroid therapy.
Substrate specificity of human cutaneous alcohol dehydrogenase and erythema provoked by lower aliphatic alcohols.

The substrate utilization rates of human cutaneous alcohol dehydrogenase were determined for 7 lower aliphatic primary alcohols: ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, 2-methylpropanol, 3-methylbutanol, and 2,2-dimethylpropanol. 1-Pentanol gave the highest relative activity and 2,2-dimethyipropanol the lowest. The frequency of erythemogenesis was determined in vivo for these 7 lower aliphatic primary alcohols. The frequency of erythemogenesis correlated strongly and significantly with the rate of substrate utilization by alcohol dehydrogenase. These results are consistent with the view that the reaction to primary alcohols applied topically to human skin is provoked, in large part, by the corresponding aldehyde.
Inventory of the physical environment domains and subdomains measured by neighborhood audit tools: A systematic literature review

Abstract The purpose of this review was to inventory and document existing neighborhood physical environment audit tools and the domains and subdomains measured by these tools. At total of 31 articles met inclusion criteria. We identified 20 major domains and 291 subdomains. Audit instruments most commonly assessed Streets/Traffic, Safety, Land Uses, and Physical Disorder domains. Least commonly assessed domains were Barriers, Neighborhood Identification/Legibility, Steepness, Views/Enclosure, and Ethnic Identification. Within a domain, between 1 and 36 subdomains were assessed. This review will help neighborhood auditors identify instruments that measure domains and subdomains most relevant to their study. This information may also be used to develop customized audit tools that capture those physical environmental characteristics of neighborhoods that auditors are most interested in.
Techniques for live capture of deepwater fishes with special emphasis on the design and application of a low-cost hyperbaric chamber

A cost effective, simple, portable hyperbaric chamber was constructed from polyvinyl chloride to aid in the collection of adult rockfishes Sebastes sp. to hold as broodstock. This system was designed to recompress fishes quickly once brought to the surface on hook and line, and to allow for decompression over a period of days. The hyperbaric chamber is capable of continuous stable operation at <1 033 515 N m−2 and can accommodate fishes up to 91·4 cm in length and 26·8 cm in diameter. Pressure in the chamber is maintained by a Goulds Booster pump that delivers continuous pressure and supplies sea water at a rate of 3·8 to 7·6 l min−1 to as many as four chambers. The hyperbaric chamber operated very effectively and allowed successful decompression of 12 cowcod Sebastes levis captured at depths of 90·2 to 146·3 m.
Sodium and Seizures

UMMARY The intraventricular administration of hypertonic sodium chloride may induce seizure activity both behaviorally and electrographically from rhinencephalic and caudate nuclei and diencephalon, while no such changes occur with isotonic saline and similar hyperosmolar sugar solutions. An initial extraneuronal, then intraneuronal increase of sodium may be so produced and account for the development of a hyper-excitable state. RESUME L'administration intraventriculaire de chloride de sodium hypertonique peut induire une activite de crises du comportement en meme temps qu'electrographiquement des noyaux rhinencephalique et caude et du diencephale, tandis que pareils changements ne se produisent pas quand il s'agit d'une solution saline isotonique et d'une solution semblable de sucre hyperosmolaire. Une augmentation initiate extraneurale, puis intraneurale de sodium peut s'etre produite et expliquer le developpement d'un etat hyperexcitable.
Person-to-infrastructure (P2I) wireless communications for work zone safety enhancement

There are serious concerns about the injuries and fatalities of highway maintenance and construction workers around work-zone area. One portion of such incidents is directly related to the vehicles approaching work zones. The advance warning of the potential conflicts between vehicles and workers to both vehicle drivers and workers is essential to workers' safety. This paper proposes a Person-to-Infrastructure (P2I) communication framework aiming to enhance the work zone safety level. The Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) based emitter location algorithm is identified to constantly monitor the location of an emitter attached to a worker. An engineering implementation procedure is proposed with nine practical steps. The on-going work includes further computer simulation and pilot test of such P2I wireless communication system.
Determinants of Youth Suicide: The Easterlin-Holinger Cohort Hypothesis Re-Examined

Suicide is the third major cause of death among American youths between the ages of 15 and 19 years. This study offers additional quantitative support for the Easerlin-Holinger Hypothesis that relative cohort size is a significant statistical predictor of youth suicide. Language: en
Theory of water waves in an elastic vessel

Recent experiments related to the Dragon Wash phenomena showed that axisymmetric capillary waves appear first from excitation, and circumferential capillary waves appear after increase of the excitation strength. Based on this new finding, a theory of parametric resonance is developed in detail to explain the on-set of the prominent circumferential capillary waves. Numerical computation is also carried out and the results agree generally with the experiments. Analysis and numerical computation are also presented to explain the generation of axisymmetric low-frequency gravity waves by the high-frequency external excitation.
Annual Review: Practice and Research in Career Counseling and Development, 1988

This review of the 1988 literature on career development and counseling addresses career development theories and their application, career intervention, career exploration motives and constraints, and problems in career decision making. Emphasis was given to conceptual contributions that offered new perspectives on career choice and development, research reports that stated specific implications for practice, and articles that described counseling methods or other career services.
Image Repair Tactics and Information Subsidies During Fraud Crises

Recently, leaders of some of the most well-known global companies have been found guilty of fraud and mismanagement. This article examines 17 fraud-related and mismanagement crises through the lens of Gandy's (1982) information subsidy and Benoit's (1995) image repair theories. The findings show that the content of news releases posted on organizational Web sites during a crisis is being integrated into the news coverage of the crisis. Organizations most frequently use the crisis response tactics of corrective action and bolstering. Background statements and direct quotes from the online news releases are being integrated into news stories and thus provide the opportunity for the organization to tell its side of the story. Implications and applications for communication managers are discussed to help organizations manage fraud and mismanagement crises.
In vitro activation of (FeFe) hydrogenase: new insights into hydrogenase maturation

The in vitro activation of the [FeFe] hydrogenase is accomplished by combining Escherichia coli cell extracts containing the heterologously expressed inactive HydA with extracts in which hydrogenase-specific maturation proteins HydE, HydF, and HydG are expressed in concert. Interestingly, the process of HydA activation occurs rapidly and in the absence of potential substrates, which suggests that the hydrogenase accessory proteins synthesize an H-cluster precursor that can be quickly transferred to the hydrogenase enzyme to affect activation. HydA activity is observed to be dependent on the protein fraction containing all three accessory proteins expressed in concert and cannot be accomplished with addition of heat-treated extract or extract filtrate, suggesting that the activation of the hydrogenase structural protein is mediated by interaction with the accessory assembly protein(s). These results represent the first important step in understanding the process of H-cluster assembly and provide significant insights into hydrogenase maturation.
Novel primers and PCR protocols for the specific detection and quantification of Sphingobium suberifaciens in situ

The pathogen causing corky root on lettuce, Sphingobium suberifaciens, is recalcitrant to standard epidemiological methods. Primers were developed from 16S rDNA sequences to be useful for the specific detection and quantification of S. suberifaciens. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) protocols specifically amplified DNA from the type strain of S. suberifaciens (LMG 17323) and other members of this species but not from other members of the Sphingomonadaceae. The detection limit was as little as 100 fg DNA (equivalent to 2 × 10(2) cells) in the qPCR. Detection was successful from soils inoculated with as little as 1 × 10(3) CFU/g soil. DNA isolated from naturally infested soils and diseased lettuce roots was amplified and sequenced fragments were identical or nearly identical to 16S rDNA sequences from S. suberifaciens. In growth chamber experiments, there was a positive correlation between disease severity and S. suberifaciens population levels in roots and soil, as detected by qPCR. Detection levels were below population levels of the pathogen necessary for disease development.
Simulation-Guided Stimulation for Paretic Ankle Muscles During Stroke Gait

Stroke is the leading cause of long-term adult disability in the U.S. Neuronal damage in the brain results in impaired muscle coordination which induces asymmetric and abnormal walking patterns. Muscle-actuated forward dynamic simulation of walking patterns of healthy young adults has elucidated unique and synergistic roles of the uniarticular and biarticular plantarflexors. Neptune and colleagues (2001) reported that soleus delivers energy to the trunk, gastrocnemius accelerates the leg forward, and both contribute significantly to vertical support of the center of mass [1]. In a simulation of post-stroke hemiparetic gait, Higginson et al. (2006) observed that non-paretic muscles mimicked the function of healthy muscles, while paretic ankle plantarflexor function was limited and required supplemental effort by hip and knee extensors [2].Copyright © 2007 by ASME
The Politics of Racial Disparities: Desegregating the Hospitals in Jackson, Mississippi

As health care policymakers and providers focus on eliminating the persistent racial disparities in treatment, it is useful to explore how resistance to hospital desegregation was overcome. Jackson, Mississippi, provides an instructive case study of how largely concealed deliberations achieved the necessary concessions in a still rigidly segregated community. The Veterans Administration hospital, the medical school hospital, and the private nonprofit facilities were successively desegregated, owing mainly to the threatened loss of federal dollars. Many of the changes, however, were cosmetic. In contrast to the powerful financial incentives offered to hospitals to desegregate and ensure equal access in the early years of the Medicare program, current trends in federal reimbursement encourage segregation and disparities in treatment.
Stillage characterization and anaerobic treatment of ethanol stillage from conventional and cellulosic feedstocks

Abstract A technical evaluation of stillage characterization, treatment, and by-product recovery in the ethanol industry was performed through a review of the scientific literature, with particular emphasis on solutions pertinent to a cellulosic-based ethanol production system. This effort has generated substantial information supporting the viability of anaerobic digestion for stillage treatment followed by land application on biomass crops for nutrient recovery. Generally, the characteristics of stillage from cellulosic materials appear comparable to those of conventional sugar- and starch-based feedstocks. However, the data on cellulosic stillage characteristics and treatment parameters are extremely limited and highly variable. This has significant impacts on the capital costs and biogas recovery of anaerobic treatment systems predicted from these data. In addition, technical questions remain unanswered with regard to stillage toxicity from untested feedstocks and the impact of heavy metal leaching when acid hydrolysis reactors are fabricated from corrosion-resistant alloys. Thermophilic anaerobic digestion of ethanol stillage achieves similar treatment efficiencies and methane yields compared to mesophilic treatment, but at almost twice the organic loading rate. Therefore, application of thermophilic anaerobic digestion would improve process economics, since smaller digesters and less stillage cooling are required. Downstream processes for stillage utilization and by-product recovery considered worthy of continued investigation include the production of feed (from single cell protein and/or algae production), color removal, and production of calcium magnesium acetate. This study finds that sustainable and economically viable solutions are available for mitigating the environmental impacts which result from large-scale biomass-to-ethanol conversion facilities. However, further research in some areas is needed to facilitate successful implementation of appropriate technology options.
Antenna array design using generalized fitness functions

Small antenna arrays can provide dynamic signal gain and interference rejection enabling wireless networks to communicate in difficult radio environments. Optimal array design has focused on simplified objective functions to facilitate solution. We extend previous research by using fitness functions more directly related to network performance. Particle swarm optimization is used to design new array geometries, and performance is evaluated using randomized array designs and fitness distributions. Robustness to interference from multiple directions is evaluated while accounting for array angle dependence.