cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the mechanisms involved in the gender differences in hepatic taurocholate uptake

Gender differences in the hepatic transport of organic anions is well established. Although uptake of many organic anions is greater in females, sodium-dependent taurocholate uptake is greater in h...
The Impact of Vertical Contracting on Firm Behavior: Evidence from Gasoline Stations

Analyses of organizational form's impact on economic behavior have been rarer than studies of the determinants of organizational form itself. To fill this gap, I develop a theoretical model tailored to the retail gasoline industry that endogenizes the choice of both organizational form and price. The model predicts that vertical separation should be associated with higher prices due to both effort-induced shifts in demand and double marginalization. It also demonstrates the confoundedness of contract choice and pricing, but suggests that identification can be achieved by focusing on variation in monitoring costs across organizational forms. Explicitly addressing the endogeneity of contract choice, I test the model's predictions using a unique dataset containing information on both the characteristics and behavior of gasoline stations. Consistent with the model's predictions, I find that vertical separation is associated with higher prices even after controlling for the endogeneity of form choice. Moreover, the data suggest that the increase in price is due both to demand shifting and double marginalization.
Trauma center based youth violence prevention programs: an integrative review

OBJECTIVE: Youth violence recidivism remains a significant public health crisis in the United States. Violence prevention is a requirement of all trauma centers, yet little is known about the effectiveness of these programs. Therefore, this systematic review summarizes the effectiveness of trauma center-based youth violence prevention programs. METHODS: A systematic review of articles from MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsychINFO databases was performed to identify eligible control trials or observational studies. Included studies were from 1970 to 2013, describing and evaluating an intervention, were trauma center based, and targeted youth injured by violence (tertiary prevention). The social ecological model provided the guiding framework, and findings are summarized qualitatively. RESULTS: Ten studies met eligibility requirements. Case management and brief intervention were the primary strategies, and 90% of the studies showed some improvement in one or more outcome measures. These results held across both social ecological level and setting: both emergency department and inpatient unit settings. CONCLUSIONS: Brief intervention and case management are frequent and potentially effective trauma center-based violence prevention interventions. Case management initiated as an inpatient and continued beyond discharge was the most frequently used intervention and was associated with reduced rearrest or reinjury rates. Further research is needed, specifically longitudinal studies using experimental designs with high program fidelity incorporating uniform direct outcome measures. However, this review provides initial evidence that trauma centers can intervene with the highest of risk patients and break the youth violence recidivism cycle. Language: en
Automated geometry theorem proving for human-readable proofs

Geometry reasoning and proof form a major and challenging component in the K-12 mathematics curriculum. Although several computerized systems exist that help students learn and practice general geometry concepts, they do not target geometry proof problems, which are more advanced and difficult. Powerful geometry theorem provers also exist, however they typically employ advanced algebraic methods and generate complex, difficult to understand proofs, and thus do not meet general K-12 students' educational needs. This paper tackles these weaknesses of prior systems by introducing a geometry proof system, iGeoTutor, capable of generating human-readable elementary proofs, i.e. proofs using standard Euclidean axioms. We have gathered 77 problems in total from various sources, including ones unsolvable by other systems and from Math competitions. iGeoTutor solves all but two problems in under two minutes each, and more importantly, demonstrates a much more effective and intelligent proof search than prior systems. We have also conducted a pilot study with 12 high school students, and the results show that iGeoTutor provides a clear benefit in helping students learn geometry proofs. We are in active discussions with Khan Academy and local high schools for possible adoption of iGeo-Tutor in real learning environments.
Competitive and allosteric interactions in ligand binding to P-glycoprotein as observed on an immobilized P-glycoprotein liquid chromatographic stationary phase.

A liquid chromatographic stationary phase containing immobilized P-glycoprotein (Pgp) was synthesized using cell membranes obtained from Pgp-expressing cells. The resulting Pgp-stationary phase was used in frontal and zonal chromatographic studies to investigate the binding of vinblastine (VBL), doxorubicin (DOX), verapamil (VER), and cyclosporin A (CsA) to the immobilized Pgp. The compounds were added individually to the chromatographic system with or without ATP in the running buffer. Using this approach, dissociation constants were calculated for VBL (23.5 ± 7.8 nM), DOX (15.0 ± 3.2 μM), VER (54.2 ± 4.7 μM), and CsA [97.9 ± 19.4 nM (without ATP) and 62.5 ± 4.6 nM (with ATP)]. The compounds were also added in pairs using standard competitive chromatography procedures. The results of the study demonstrate that competitive interactions occurred between VBL and DOX, cooperative allosteric interactions occurred between VBL and CsA and ATP and CsA, and anticooperative allosteric interactions occurred between ATP and VBL and VER. The chromatographic studies indicate that the immobilized Pgp was modified by ligand and cofactor binding and that the stationary phase can be used to study drug-drug binding interactions on the Pgp molecule.
Ab initio molecular dynamics with dual basis set methods.

On-the-fly, ab initio classical molecular dynamics are demonstrated with an underlying dual basis set potential energy surface. Dual-basis self-consistent field (Hartree-Fock and density functional theory) and resolution-of-the-identity second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (RI-MP2) dynamics are tested for small systems, including the water dimer. The resulting dynamics are shown to be faithful representations of their single-basis analogues for individual trajectories, as well as vibrational spectra. Computational cost savings of 58% are demonstrated for SCF methods, even relative to Fock-extrapolated dynamics, and savings are further increased to 71% with RI-MP2. Notably, these timings outperform an idealized estimate of extended-Lagrangian molecular dynamics. The method is subsequently demonstrated on the vibrational absorption spectrum of two NO(+)(H₂O)₃ isomers and is shown to recover the significant width of the shared-proton bands observed experimentally.
Using Frequency-Response Functions to Investigate String Stability of Cooperative Control Laws

Decentralized, cooperative control laws couple separate vehicles in order to achieve a common objective. In this paper, the development of cooperative control laws for multivehicle formations is presented. The closed-loop equations of motion for the multivehicle system are shown to be analogous to structural systems, and the stability and performance of the system can be investigated using frequency-response functions. The main contribution of the paper is an alternate approach to evaluate string stability of cooperative control laws using a frequency-response framework. Simulation results for four different cooperative-control forms are presented, and the string-stability results are evaluated and discussed.
Runway Assignment by Minimizing Emissions in Terminal Airspace

xes to runways, and taxi costs from runways to gates. This paper also includes details of mathematical formulations and the computation method of emissions. At the end of the paper, we provide a numerical example for planning landings and takeos at the Detroit international airport. The optimization results show that ight delays reduce as much as 44.7%, much greater than the runway sequence without runway assignment. Meanwhile, the emissions of optimal solution reduce as much as 25.4%. The proposed model for strategically planning terminal airspace operations is benecial to improve airport eciency and local environments.
Mediation, Aline Bernstein, and Thomas Wolfe’s “The Good Child’s River”

Thomas Wolfe was born in 1900, literally at the turn of the century. A great American romantic, he sought, like Whitman, to embrace all diversity in his writings, to bridge the gap between past and present, North and South. Throughout his writings, beginning with his masterwork Look Homeward, Angel, Wolfe translated into epic form this quest of a young American hero who would flee the chains that bound him and would some day emerge not only ruler of himself, the new American Adam, but, as a writer, prophet for his people, a Moses leading all Americans into the brave new world, the American promised land. Yet although Thomas Wolfe sought exodus throughout his lifetime, he was never really able to leave his consciousness of descent behind. Thomas Wolfe considered himself a "true" American. Both sets of ances-
DNA Binding To Conducting Polymer Films

The polycation conducting polymers, oxidized polypyrrole and polyalkylthiophene, possess the ability to form complexes with polyanionic DNA molecules through largely electrostatic interactions. This study demonstrated the solution uptake and binding of 32p radiolabeled DNA by conducting polymer thick films (50–100μm). Polypyrrole (PPy) was synthesized by electrochemical methods and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (PHT) and poly(3-undecylthiophene) (PUT) were synthesized by chemical methods. The DNA binding rates on PPy films were affected by DNA concentration and the oxidation state (measured as conductivity). The DNA kinetics support a diffusion limited model for binding. We measured DNA binding levels onto all three polymer films; PUT, PHT, and PPy. The binding levels increased in the same order as the conductivities of the polymer films. DNA binding onto oxidized PPy film was diminished upon electrochemical reduction. These observations showed, therefore, the binding may be linked with the positive charge sites responsible for conduction in the polymer films.
Analysis on epidemic situation of sexually transmitted diseases in Changping District of Beijing from 2009-2012

[Objective]To understand the trends and epidemic characteristics of sexually transmitted disease(STD) in Changping District of Beijing,explore its epidemic law,and provide scientific basis for prevention and control measures in the future.[Methods]The STD epidemic reports and demographic data in Changping District of Beijing from 2009-2012 were analyzed statistically.[Results]The average annual incidence rate of STD in Changping District during 2009-2012 was 49.99 / lakh.The male-tofemale ratio was 1.14 ∶ 1,and 70.02% of cases were people aged 20-39 years old.Most of patients were housework,job-waiting,farmers,cadres and business service,which accounted for 69.45%.[Conclusion]The annual incidence rate of STD in Changping District of Beijing during 2009-2012 has decreased year by year,while the incidence rate of gonorrhea shows a downward trend,and that of syphilis has been rising.STD mainly occurs in population of males,young adults,housework and job-waiting.
Breast reconstruction at the MD Anderson Cancer Center

The introduction of the transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap in the 1970s marks the beginning of modern breast reconstruction although implants were available even earlier mainly for breast augmentation. Mastectomy techniques have evolved from the early Halsted radical mastectomy to the modern skin sparing mastectomy. The latter made possible using implants for breast reconstruction. Although prosthetic reconstruction provides a simpler procedure with quick recovery, autologous reconstruction offers more natural and long-lasting results especially in the setting of radiotherapy. Both forms have been extensively used at the MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) while microsurgical breast reconstruction has been the hallmark of the MDACC experience. One of the most challenging areas of breast reconstruction is how to achieve good results without compromising adjuvant therapy when post-mastectomy radiotherapy is required. Managing upper extremity lymphedema following breast cancer treatment is another difficult issue which has gained great attention in recent years. This article highlights the important work in various aspects of breast reconstruction that has been done at the MDACC.
Quantifying the Sectoral and Distributional Effects of Demographic Change in Germany

The accelerating pace of the demographic transition in Germany will prove to be one of the key factors in the development of society in the coming decades. This process is driven by falling mortality rates and a decline in birth rates, which reduces population growth rates and increases the share of older people in the economy. Figure 4.1, based on demographic projections by the Federal Statistical Office of Germany, illustrates the impact of population aging on the population growth rate, defined here as the growth rate of the adult population, and the ratio of the workingage population (aged 20-64) to total population (20-94) for the period 2003-2050. Population growth rates are predicted to decline and will even turn negative in 2014. As a consequence, the population starts shrinking in around 2017 (not shown). The working-age population ratio, as a crucial indicator of aging, is projected to decrease sharply by 13.8% from 0.74 in 2003 to 0.62 in 2050.
Early gesture, early vocabulary, and risk of language impairment in preschoolers.

Abstract Background Gesture precedes vocabulary development and may be an early marker of later language impairment. Aims Using data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, this study examined the contribution of children’s ( N = 1064) early gestures and early vocabularies to their risk of language impairment in preschool years. Methods and procedures At age 15 months, maternal reports on children’s use of gestures and vocabulary comprehension and production skills were measured using the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories. At age 3 and 4.5 years, children’s language skills were assessed using the Reynell Developmental Language Scale and Preschool Language Scale-3, respectively. Outcomes and results After controlling for child, maternal, and family sociodemographic factors, children at later risk for language impairment were found to exhibit significantly less early gesture use and vocabulary skills relative to their typically developing peers. Early use of gestures was also significantly correlated with early vocabulary skills. Conclusions and implications The effect of early gesture on children’s later risk of language impairment was indirect and mediated by early vocabulary production. Early gesture may have the potential to serve as an early diagnostic tool and play a role in early intervention.
Chest Pain Patients at Veterans Hospitals Are Increasingly More Likely to Be Observed Than Admitted for Short Stays

Observation stays are an outpatient service used to diagnose and treat patients for extended periods of time while a decision is made regarding inpatient admission or discharge. Although the use of...
Practical evaluation of a 50 km fiber link utilizing a commercial modem

We evaluate the stability of two-way time and frequency transfer over a 50 km fiber optic link established using a commercially available fiber optic modem. For this evaluation we report the residual phase noise, total Allan deviation, total time deviation, and temperature fluctuations of the optical time and frequency transfer network. This two-way transfer is transmitted over an underground, dark fiber optic path in an urban environment. The measurement serves as a practical evaluation for establishing a long term fiber optic link between clocks or timescales intended for synchronization over short baselines where dark fiber may be available. In addition to measuring the time and frequency transfer stability we discuss other obstacles in fiber optic communication such as patch insertion loss and fiber availability.
Activation and Sorting of Human White Blood Cells

We demonstrate a novel activation behavior of human leucocyte adhesion under physiological flow conditions in a microfabricated silicon array of channels with length scales similar to those of human capillaries. Vital nuclei stains and cell specific, flourochrome labeled antibodies reveal that the equilibrium distribution of stuck cells in the arrays displays a strong dependence on cell type and nuclear morphology, and there is eventual separation of the two cell types in the array. The distortion of the cells is the same as they experience in vivo and the response of the granulocytes is consistent with a model describing adhesion as a function of the distortion of the cell by its environment; in other words, activated adhesion. We propose that this complex non-random behavior is due to a deformation activated change in the cells relevant to observed in vivo behavior.
The Sinitic Encounter in Southeast China through the First Millennium CE

As Hugh Clark observes, the spread of Sinitic civilization from its original Bronze Age core in the northern Yellow River area to the south, and the eventual southward shift of China's center of de...
An Information-Theoretic View of EEG Sensing

This paper uses an information-theoretic lens to examine the use and implementation of electroencephalography (EEG) systems for neural imaging. There is a widespread belief in the clinical and neuroscientific community that ultra-high-density EEG imaging of the brain (beyond the typically used few hundred or fewer electrodes) will not yield higher spatial resolution. Theoretically, this belief rests on a spatial Nyquist rate analysis for human head models. This analysis in turn relies on the understanding that high spatial frequencies (that carry high-resolution information) decay as they travel from the brain to the scalp surface. Interestingly, the belief continues to be held despite being recently challenged experimentally, in part because of the spatial Nyquist results. In this work, we question the spatial Nyquist rate analysis, mathematically as well as conceptually. Mathematically, we correct and generalize the Nyquist rate analysis, and then use it to obtain improved estimates for spatial Nyquist rates. Conceptually, we observe that the Nyquist rate analysis provides a limit on the following problem: what is the minimum number of sensors required to reconstruct the scalp EEG to within a specified (small) mean-squared error? However, this problem is fundamentally different from the imaging problem of minimizing error in reconstructing the neural source inside the brain , which optimizes a different objective, and requires inclusion of noise in the analysis. To that end, we utilize the transfer function to obtain an information-theoretic fundamental limit on the achievable accuracy in localizing single-dipole sources. The technique relies on computing the distortion-rate function for a single dipole source and evaluating it at an upper bound on mutual information across the brain-to-scalp channel, and can be extended to more general sources as well. Finally, we observe that the main obstacle in understanding the required number of EEG sensors is the lack of ultra-high-density systems that can test these limits, and information theory can prove helpful in this context as well. One engineering difficulty is that the required circuit area and energy for sampling EEG signals can be too large to enable these systems to be safe, compact, and portable. Toward reducing this area and energy, we observe that the decay of high spatial frequencies in EEG, while being a detriment to reconstruction accuracy, also leads to large spatial correlations in the recorded EEG signals. Interestingly, these correlations can be harnessed using a novel information-theoretic "hierarchical referencing" technique that can reduce circuit energy and area to enable high-resolution high-density implementations.
Hessian Locally Linear Embedding

Hessian locally linear embedding (HLLE) achieves linear embedding by minimizing the Hessian functional on the manifold where the data set resides. The conceptual framework of HLLE may be viewed as a modification of the Laplacian Eigenmaps framework. Let H be the observed high-dimensional data which reside on a low-dimentional manifold M and h be the coordinate mapping on M so that Y = h(H)is a DR of H. In Laplacian eigenmaps method, h is found in the numerically null space of the Laplace-Beltrsmi operator on M, while in Hessian locally linear embedding, it is found in the null space of the Hessian. Since HLLE embedding is locally linear, it works well for the data lying on a manifold that may not be convex. Compared with other nonlinear DR methods, such as Isomaps that need the data set lying on a convex manifold, HLLE can be applied to data in a wider range. The chapter is organized as follows. In Section 13.1, we describe the Hessian locally linear embedding method and its mathematical background. In Sections 13.2, the HLLE DR algorithm is introduced. The experiments of the algorithm are included in Section 13.3.
Vibrational CD, Theory*

Circular dichroism (CD) can be observed in the vibrational transitions of chiral molecules; it is then referred to as vibrational circular dichroism (VCD). This article discusses the theoretical analysis of VCD spectra. Examples of VCD and absorption spectra, predicted within the harmonic approximation (HA) using ab initio density functional theory (DFT), are shown.
Prostate thermal therapy: technologies and treatment strategies

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a frequent benign disease that often requires surgical intervention. Prostate cancer affects 250,000 men annually, with surgery and radiation therapy the common form of treatment. Numerous biological and clinical investigations have demonstrated that HT in the 41-45°C range can significantly enhance clinical responses to radiation therapy, and has potential for enhancing other therapies such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy. Furthermore, high temperature hyperthermia (greater than 50°C) alone is being used for selective tissue destruction as an alternative to conventional invasive surgery. Thermal techniques are being utilized to complement existing courses of treatment or provide minimally invasive alternative to surgery with less complications, and morbidity for each of these diseases. This article reviews a selection of heating technology and strategies specific to prostate thermal therapy, which are either in clinical use or currently under development. Transurethral, transrectal, and interstitial systems are discussed for RF current, laser, microwave, ultrasound, and thermal conduction heating technology.
Compensatory mutations improve general permissiveness to antibiotic resistance plasmids.

Horizontal gene transfer mediated by broad-host-range plasmids is an important mechanism of antibiotic resistance spread. While not all bacteria maintain plasmids equally well, plasmid persistence can improve over time, yet no general evolutionary mechanisms have emerged. Our goal was to identify these mechanisms and to assess if adaptation to one plasmid affects the permissiveness to others. We experimentally evolved Pseudomonas sp. H2 containing multidrug resistance plasmid RP4, determined plasmid persistence and cost using a joint experimental–modelling approach, resequenced evolved clones, and reconstructed key mutations. Plasmid persistence improved in fewer than 600 generations because the fitness cost turned into a benefit. Improved retention of naive plasmids indicated that the host evolved towards increased plasmid permissiveness. Key chromosomal mutations affected two accessory helicases and the RNA polymerase β-subunit. Our and other findings suggest that poor plasmid persistence can be caused by a high cost involving helicase–plasmid interactions that can be rapidly ameliorated. Plasmids facilitate the evolution of antibiotic resistance but little is known about bacteria–plasmid evolution. Here, the authors show that when bacteria adapt to one plasmid, they become generally permissive to plasmid carriage.
The Genes and P

Let me begin by saying that I am entirely in sympathy with Professor Eysenck’s view that a full understanding of personality will include its physiological and biochemical underpinnings and its genetic and environmental etiology, I’m not so sure I agree with him that this is the only way to go. It seems to me that there is still plenty of room for specialists, such as experts in the description and measurement of phenotypic personality - people who say, “I’ll, describe the regularities, let those other guys explain them.” Nevertheless, it is clear that Eysenck’s approach is a challenging one, that it is a route taken by a number of other participants at this conference, and that his ideas deserve our serious attention.
Formality theorem for differential graded manifolds

Abstract We establish a formality theorem for smooth dg manifolds. More precisely, we prove that, for any finite-dimensional dg manifold ( M , Q ) , there exists an L ∞ quasi-isomorphism of dglas from ( T poly • ⊕ ( M ) , [ Q , − ] , [ − , − ] ) to ( D poly • ⊕ ( M ) , 〚 m + Q , − 〛 , 〚 − , − 〛 ) whose first Taylor coefficient (1) is equal to the composition hkr ∘ ( td ( M , Q ) ∇ ) 1 2 : T poly • ⊕ ( M ) → D poly • ⊕ ( M ) of the action of ( td ( M , Q ) ∇ ) 1 2 ∈ ∏ k ≥ 0 ( Ω k ( M ) ) k on T poly • ⊕ ( M ) (by contraction) with the Hochschild–Kostant–Rosenberg map and (2) preserves the associative algebra structures on the level of cohomology. As an application, we prove the Kontsevich–Shoikhet conjecture: a Kontsevich–Duflo-type theorem holds for all finite-dimensional smooth dg manifolds.
Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticles

Due to their well-defined 3D architectures, permanent porosity, and diverse chemical functionalities, metal-organic framework nanoparticles (MOF NPs) are an emerging class of modular nanomaterials. Herein, recent developments in the synthesis and postsynthetic surface functionalization of MOF NPs that strengthen the fundamental understanding of how such structures form and grow are highlighted; the internal structure and external surface properties of these novel nanomaterials are highlighted as well. These fundamental advances have resulted in MOF NPs being used as components in chemical sensors, biological probes, and membrane separation materials, as well as building blocks for colloidal crystal engineering.
Evaluating the efficiency of a photoelectrochemical electrode constructed with photosystem II-enriched thylakoid membrane fragments.

Abstract The photoelectrochemical electrode has been intensively studied in recent years as a means of generating electricity from light through the use of intact thylakoid membranes or highly purified photosystem II. PSII-enriched thylakoid membrane fragments (PSII-BBY), also have the potential to construct the photoelectrochemical anode. In this study, we examined the feasibility of utilizing PSII-BBY preparations to construct a relatively inexpensive photoelectrochemical anode with a comparable current density and a reasonable stability. Intact thylakoid membrane based photoelectrochemical electrode was also constructed to compare with the PSII-BBY based photoelectrochemical electrode with respect to the protein activity and current density. In addition, the practicability of replacing the popular gold nanoparticle modified gold slide with multi-walled carbon nanotube modified indium tin oxide coated slides was tested. In order to understand the surface change during slide surface modification, an atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to image the topography of the slide. Above all, we observed a current density of 20.44 ± 1.58 μA/cm2 when PSII-BBY was used to construct the photoelectrochemical anode. Moreover, the PSII-BBY based photoelectrochemical anode showed high stability over time with the current decreasing at a rate of 0.78%/h.
El síndrome de Williams. Un resumen de hallazgos cognitivos, electrofisiológicos, anatomofuncionales, microanatómicos y genéticos.

El sindrome de Williams (SW) es el resultado de una hemidelecion de alrededor de 17 genes de la region q11.22-23 del cromosoma 7. Los pacientes con SW muestran rasgos fenotipicos unicos, que incluyen cara de duende, malformaciones cardiacas, problemas con el metabolismo del calcio y trastornos del aprendizaje. Estos ultimos consisten en un retraso mental que tiene como caracteristica una dificultad grave en el procesamiento de las tareas visuoespaciales, una facilidad notable en la habilidad de reconocer caras, un desarrollo relativo de la capacidad linguistica y sensibilidad al sonido, una necesidad relevante de establecer lazos afectivos con otras personas y atraccion por la musica. Estudios anatomicos demuestran una disminucion de las partes posterodorsales del los dos hemisferios cerebrales, una malformacion de la region dorsal central y una expansion del giro temporal superior, de la amigdala y del lobulo frontal. Estas anomalias macroscopicas se acompanan de anomalias microscopicas, que consisten en cambios en el numero y tamano de las neuronas. Trabajos en potenciales evocados demuestran hiperexcitabilidad acustica y ondas anormales con relacion al lenguaje y a las caras. Estudios geneticos en nuestros laboratorios indican que el tamano exacto de la delecion es variable, por lo que se producen casos parciales, con fenotipos tambien parciales. La combinacion de informes conductuales, electrofisiologicos, anatomicos y geneticos apuntan a un problema con la region dorsal posterior del cerebro, posiblemente el resultado de un establecimiento erroneo de las gradientes geneticomoleculares dorsoventrales y caudorrostrales, que especifican las regiones corticales durante el desarrollo.
Analysis of antibiotics by gas chromatography : I. Lincomycin

Abstract The analysis of lincomycin and lincomycin B by an improved gas-liquid chromatographic method is described. The trimethylsilyl ether is formed and extracted before chromatography. The method has been applied successfully to bulk material and has been extended to determine the lincomycin content of capsules, syrups, injectables, and powders. The results compare favorably with those obtained by microbiological assay.
Thermohaline stratification modeling in mine water via double-diffusive convection for geothermal energy recovery from flooded mines

Abstract This study addresses a key scientific issue that remains unresolved in the past three decades for recovering geothermal energy from flooded mines. This issue is that no scientific explanation is available for the layering phenomenon of both temperature and salinity in large bodies of subterranean water (e.g., mine water), i.e., thermohaline stratification, which is commonly observed in mine water. Such a layering phenomenon, however, is very significant to the geothermal application by determining the temperature distribution and consequently the energy reserve and efficiency. For this purpose, multiphysics simulation with unique non-isothermal and non-isosolutal hydrodynamics is adopted to predict the formation and evolution of thermohaline stratifications in large bodies of mine water. The multiphysics simulation, for the first time, succeeded in reproducing the formation and evolution of thermohaline stratifications with a theory assuming lateral double-diffusive intrusions to mine water. The simulation results revealed that the evolution of thermohaline stratifications involves the layer-merging event, in which several small layers gradually merge to form layers with a larger thickness. The results also indicated that the buoyancy ratio is a key parameter for producing clear thermohaline stratifications in large bodies of mine water and its critical value was suggested to be 1.0. To successfully reproduce thermohaline stratifications, the required condition was concluded to be the lateral heat flux with a difference between the lateral heat fluxes, while the lateral salinity flux was not required. It is the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that the layering phenomenon in large-scale subterranean water bodies has been successfully reproduced and explained scientifically. This study will provide a solid scientific basis for the efficient and sustainable use of large bodies of subterranean water in flooded mines for geothermal energy recovery.
Numerical Study of Superposition Principle for Surface Gravity Waves

The study of surface gravity wave is very important for the safety of marine vessels and the design of coastal and offshore structures. Gravity-induced sea waves mostly show a nonlinear behaviour, but at a low wave steepness, these waves can be approximated as linear waves and superposition principles can be applied. Various wave phenomena such as standing waves, constructive and destructive interference, wave groups and generation of random waves are based on superposition principle. Random waves are generally modelled using wave spectrum, which is a representation of wave energy in the specified frequency range. Wave spectrum is broken into different wave components which are superposed to produce a random wave. In the present work, volume of fluid method is used for numerical simulation of surface gravity waves. Implicit formulation for volume fraction equation along with the bounded second order in time is used, which allows better temporal accuracy and numerical stability at larger time step size. The surface gravity wave is modelled by providing the wave profiles and velocities at upstream boundary. In the downstream, pressure outlet boundary is used for the specification of the hydrostatic pressure profile. Numerical beach zone is defined adjacent to the pressure outlet boundary to suppress the wave reflections propagating upstream. Random waves are modelled using JONSWAP spectrum. Formation of constructive and destructive interference, standing wave, wave pockets and modelling of random wave is achieved with numerical approach, and wave kinematics are validated against the analytical results.
A Web-Based Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Intervention for Young Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men experience several disparities related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, including high incidence rates of anal cancer. Although the HPV vaccine is currently recommended for young adults, HPV vaccine coverage is modest among young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (YGBMSM). Objective: We describe the design and methods for a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to rigorously evaluate Outsmart HPV, a population-targeted, individually tailored, Web-based HPV vaccination intervention for YGBMSM. The RCT is designed to determine the efficacy of the intervention, the mechanism by which the intervention has an effect (ie, mediation), and whether efficacy varies by participant characteristics (ie, moderation). Methods: Outsmart HPV was previously developed and pilot-tested. This study is a 3-arm prospective RCT that will enroll a projected 1995 YGBMSM who are aged 18 to 25 years, live in the United States, and have not received any doses of the HPV vaccine. Participants will be recruited by means of paid advertisements on social media sites and randomized to receive (1) standard information on the Web about HPV vaccine (control group), (2) Outsmart HPV content on the Web with monthly unidirectional vaccination reminders sent via text messages, or (3) Outsmart HPV content on the Web with monthly interactive vaccination reminders sent via text messages. Participants will complete Web-based surveys at 4 time points during the study: baseline, immediately after engaging with Web-based content, 3 months after randomization, and 9 months after randomization. Primary outcomes will include both HPV vaccine initiation (ie, receipt of 1 or more doses of the HPV vaccine) and completion (receipt of all 3 doses recommended for this age range). We will examine constructs from the intervention’s theoretical framework as potential mediators and demographic and health-related characteristics as potential moderators of intervention effects. Results: The institutional review board at The Ohio State University has approved the study. Materials have been developed and finalized for all study groups. Recruitment for the RCT began in fall 2019. Conclusions: If shown to be efficacious, Outsmart HPV has the potential to fill an important gap by promoting HPV vaccination among a population at increased risk of HPV infection and HPV-related disease. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04032106; http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04032106
Uterine sarcomas: Analysis of clinicopathologic factors and treatment outcomes—A single institution experience in long-term disease control.

e15522 Background: Uterine sarcomas behave aggressively and are associated with poor prognosis. Carcinosarcomas was re-classified as more akin to endometrial adenocarcinomas. The objective was to a...
A naturalistic study of yoga, meditation, self-perceived stress, self-compassion, and mindfulness in college students

Objective: This study compared the effects of yoga and mindfulness meditation on self-compassion, mindfulness, and perceived stress in college students; and explored mind–body mechanisms and predic...
Endoscopic diathermy cauterization of piriform fossa sinus tract (PFST)

Introduction A congenital piriform fossa sinus tract is thought to be caused by a developmental abnormality of the third or fourth pharyngeal arches. This condition is traditionally managed by an open approach, external excision of sinus tract with hemi-thyroidectomy. However, endoscopic cauterization of PFST is now recognized as a minimally invasive definitive first line therapeutic option. Objective To evaluate the success of endoscopic cauterization of the PFST as a definitive first line therapeutic option. Method Retrospective analysis was done on medical records of ten patients (aged 1-12y), who were diagnosed with PFST and underwent endoscopic diathermy cauterization of PFST during one-year period (2015/2016) at LRH. Data including demography, presentation, management and response to treatment were analyzed. Results Median age of our case series was 8.23 years and eight out of ten patients (80%) were males. The most common presentation was recurrent thyroid abscess 60% (6/10) and the side of the disease was left in 90% (9/10). Eight out of ten (80%) patients had complete closure of the PFST after one session of endoscopic diathermy cauterization. Two out of ten (20%) patients had to undergo two sessions. Average follow up period was 17 months. Conclusion We propose the endoscopic diathermy cauterization as a safe and definitive first line therapeutic option in the management of the PFST.
Case 40. Generalized lymphadenopathy and poikiloderma due to prolonged interferon-β-1b Therapy misdiagnosed as peripheral T-cell lymphoma

The unusual MF symmetricity of primary morphological elements is a striking feature of PTCL. PTCL also tends to present with monomorphic granulomatous confluent papulonodules on the upper back, around elbows and knees, which is also quite uncommon for MF. The disproportion of the severity of lymph node involvement (fully effaced) in a patient with “MF IA” disease should render a re-evaluation of “MF as a diagnosis in favor of PTCL.” While histological features may significantly overlay with MF, there are several diagnostic features of PTCL, such as high Ki67 (>50%) and an absence of epidermotropism.
Abdominal aortic calcification and cognitive function among older adults: Cross-sectional analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2014.

OBJECTIVES Subclinical atherosclerotic disease is an emerging risk factor for cognitive function among older adults, though less is known about the association between abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) and cognitive function. This study aimed to examine the cross-sectional association of AAC with cognitive function in a nationally representative sample of population in the U.S. METHODS A total of 1,209 older adults (60 years or older) in the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. AAC was obtained with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Cognitive function was examined using the CERAD Word Learning subtest (memory), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (executive function/processing speed), and Animal Fluency Test (language). Test-specific and global cognition z-scores were created based on means and standard deviations of cognitive tests. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the associations of presence of AAC and severity of AAC with cognition z-scores. RESULTS Adjusted for covariates, presence of AAC was associated with poorer global cognition (beta (β) = -0.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.28, -0.06), memory (β = -0.20, 95% CI: -0.31, -0.09), and language ability (β = -0.15, 95% CI: -0.29, -0.01). More severe AAC was associated with poorer cognitive function. The associations were significant among participants <75 years. DISCUSSION The presence of AAC and greater severity of AAC, were associated with poorer cognitive function, particularly among older adults <75 years. Future research is expected to assess whether lowering global vascular risk can slow cognitive decline.
Antimicrobial Peptides and Surfactant Proteins

Although some vaccines and antibiotics have been very effective in preventing and treating respiratory disease, they have not been fully satisfactory. Recently, components of the innate immune system have been increasingly appreciated for their role in host defense against microbial pathogens. These molecules include lysozyme and lactoferrin, but recent work in cattle, sheep, man and other species have identified new classes of peptides expressed by respiratory epithelial cells that have potent microcidal activity in nanogram quantities. These peptides, termed antimicrobial peptides (AMP), include defensins, cathelicidins and anionic peptides. Some are expressed continuously whereas expression of others is stimulated by infection/inflammation. In calves, we have found that two AMP from the defensin family, tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP) and lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP), are expressed in the newborn and increased in response to Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica infection. In contrast, sheep beta defensin-1 (SBD-1) is not induced by infection and, in fact, appears decreased during viral infection with paramyxovirus-3 (PI-3). Decreased SBD-1 by Pl-3 may increase the lung's susceptibility to secondary infections or re-infections. Other innate defense molecules include proteins released with lung surfactant. Surfactant protein A and D (SAD) can opsonize and aggregate respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and activate alveolar macrophages. Preliminary work suggests that chronic bacterial infections result in reduced SpA and SpD expression and we are currently assessing SAD expression in response to Pl-3 and RSV. A long-term goal of our work is to identify ways to up-regulate expression of AMP and/or surfactant proteins in the neonate and at times of stress in older animals in order to reduce microbial colonization. Other investigators are seeking ways to utilize AMP's as a new class of antibiotics.
Preparation of Bi System Oxide Superconductors by Melt Growth

BiSrCaCuO superconductors were prepared by several directional-solidification methods: the melt extraction method, the horizontal bridgman method and the laser pedestal growth method. Temperature gradient was an important factor in obtaining highly aligned crystal structures. In the case of the laser pedestal growth method, Tc of 87K and Jc of 3070A/cm2 (77.3K, OT) were obtained. A Tc above 100K was achieved when a Pb added sample by the laser pedestal growth method was annealed.
Immunopathogenesis of Glomerulonephritis

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the experimental studies related to immunopathogenesis of glomerulonephritis. The study also establishes that new nephritogenic antigens in human glomerulonephritis include those of streptococcal membranes that can be readily identified in renal biopsies from patients with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis using as fluorescent reagent convalescent serum from the biopsied patient. The studies also reveal that one of the factors which may determine the nephritogenicity of circulating complexes is the affinity of the antibody. A possible role of IgE antibodies in the pathogenesis of selected examples of glomerulonephritis was suggested. It was also suggested that the development of cellular sensitivity as part of nephritogenic immunological responses raises the possibility that sensitized cells participate in the pathologic changes of glomerulonephritis. The results show that analysis of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) for nephritogenic antigens indicate that they apparently are among the glycoproteins of this structure and may also be found in the urine.
Effects of the Child Development Project on Students' Drug Use and Other Problem Behaviors

The Child Development Project is a comprehensive school reform program that helps elementary schools to become caring communities of learners—environments characterized by supportive interpersonal relationships, shared goals, responsiveness to students' developmental and sociocultural needs, and an emphasis on prosocial values of personal responsibility, concern for others, and fairness, as well as a commitment to learning. The program includes classroom, schoolwide, and family involvement activities that, working synergistically, are expected to foster students' positive development and resilience to risk when confronted with stressful life events and circumstances. Following baseline assessments, the program was introduced in schools from six school districts across the U.S. over a period of three years. Similar schools in these same districts served as a comparison group. Evaluation findings indicated that when the program was implemented widely throughout a school, there were significant reductions in students' use of drugs and involvement in other problem behaviors.
Incorporation of monoclonal antibodies into cells by osmotic permeabilization. Effect on cellular metabolism.

Abstract Incorporation of asparagine synthetase-specific monoclonal antibodies into L5178Y D10/R (L-asparaginase-resistant) murine lymphoma cells by osmotic lysis of pinocytic vesicles was used to evaluate the potential of the technique for macromolecular incorporation for metabolic studies. Nonspecific effects of the incorporation procedure included temporary inhibition of protein and DNA synthesis by 80-85% and a transitory loss of membrane integrity. Cells incorporated with an antibody inhibitory to tumor cell asparagine synthetase showed increased dependence upon an exogenous source of asparagine in the culture medium, while cells incorporated with a control antibody were not affected. These studies demonstrated that incorporation of inhibitory monoclonal antibodies into cells can be used to study the short term metabolic role of specific enzymes; however, the metabolic effects induced by the specific macromolecule must be evaluated within the context of the nonspecific effects caused by the osmotic treatment required for incorporation.