cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On Predicating a Diagnosis as an Attribute of a Person

This article explores the relation between ‘citing the evidence’, or implicating a particular diagnosis, and ‘asserting the condition’, or overtly predicating the diagnosis as an attribute of a person. Clinicians regularly postpone or delay asserting the condition, which is interactionally more confrontational and presumptive. They regularly do the postponement by citing the evidence prior to asserting the condition, using the evidence as kind of predecessor account for predicating the diagnosis as an attribute of the person. Citing the evidence as leading to asserting the condition enhances the likelihood of recipients realizing some bad news or other kind of diagnostic upshot. This study has implications for the relation between interaction and authority in medical discourse.
Superconducting phase diagram of UPt3 for field along non-symmetric orientation from ultrasonic measurements

Abstract A new HT superconducting phase diagram for UPt3 with the field at 45° to the c-axis from ultrasonic velocity measurements is presented. The HFL(T) transition line is found to merge with the Hc2(T) line and the T c ∗ (H>) line appears to terminate in the HFL(T>) line at a different point.
Tolerance of four wetland plant species to flooding and sediment deposition

Abstract A greenhouse assessment of the physiological responses of four common Pacific Northwest wetland plant species ( Carex rostrata and Carex stipata (sedges) and the flood-tolerant trees Alnus rubra (red alder) and Fraxinus latifolia (Oregon ash)) to flooding and sediment deposition was conducted. Experiments simulated two ecosystem perturbations which occur when watersheds are urbanized: (1) alteration of hydroperiod and (2) deposition of sediment along channels and in wetlands. Sedges were subjected to alternating flooding and drying cycles and to sediment deposition with different flooding levels. The trees were subjected to static flooding, cycled flooding and drying, and sediment deposition. C. rostrata and C. stipata were resilient to cycles of flooding and drying, but sediment deposits resulted in decreased biomass which was diminished further by high water levels. Static flooding to or above the soil surface killed saplings of A. rubra and F. latifolia in less than a week. A. rubra saplings exhibited decreased photosynthesis and growth when subjected to cycles of flooding and drying, more so if the soil were completely saturated during flooding cycles. F. latifolia saplings showed no significant response to cycles of flooding and drying. Sediment addition to the soil surface resulted in an immediate drop in photosynthesis for A. rubra . These experiments showed that sediment negatively impacted the sedges and trees, and that flooding differentially affected the trees, with A. rubra being more sensitive than the other three species.
Assessing the readability of skin care and pressure ulcer patient education materials

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the readability of written patient education materials used to teach patients about the prevention and care of skin and pressure ulcers. Other design characteristics of the materials including organization, writing style, appearance, and appeal also were assessed. Design: This study used a nonexperimental, descriptive design. Setting and Stimulus Materials: Ten pamphlets and brochures commonly used in urban hospitals, home care agencies, and public clinics in the Midwest were evaluated. Instruments: The study used 2 instruments: The Area Health Education Center (AHEC) checklist and the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) readability formula. Methods: The investigator used the SMOG readability formula to analyze patient education materials. The AHEC checklist was used to evaluate the design characteristics of the materials, including organization, writing style, appeal, and appearance. Results: The overall readability level of the written materials was 10th grade. At least half of the materials were written at 8th-grade level or below, which is considered acceptable for the general public. Some pamphlets used words such as “seborrheic keratosis” or “actinic keratosis,” making the materials difficult to read. An incidental finding was that none of the materials addressed skin care or pressure ulcer experiences of different cultural groups. Conclusion: None of the materials was determined to be appropriate teaching tools for low-literacy patients, as measured by the AHEC checklist. Although half the materials were written at the 8th-grade level and below, that level may be too high for many patients. (J WOCN 2003;30:224-30.)
An analysis of 346 cases of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix with emphasis on recurrence and survival

Abstract Three hundred and forty-six cases of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix have been accessioned into the Registry for Research on Transplacental Carcinogenesis. In the early 1970s these cancers reached a peak incidence which has continued on the same level up to the present. Two-thirds of the patients with a maternal history had been exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) or related compounds in utero . Follow-up for the periods up to 15.3 years (mean, 4.0) yielded an actuarial 5-year survival of 78%. The survival figures in cases of Stage I carcinomas of the vagina and cervix were 87 and 91%, respectively. Local excision of Stage I appeared to carry an increased risk of recurrence. The overall rate of recurrence for all cases was 23% at 5 years. Recurrences were most frequent in the pelvis and lungs. Surgical therapy, and less often, radiotherapy, resulted in the survival of 12 of the 58 patients with recurrent tumor for 3 or more years. Various cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents were administered to 34 patients with four objective responses, but no total remissions. The details of these findings will be presented.
Unruh effect with back reaction-A first-quantized treatment

We present a first-quantized treatment of the back reaction on an accelerated particle detector. The evaluated transition amplitude for detection agrees with previously obtained results. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
The effects of changes in land-use on swamps of the New Jersey Pine Barrens

Abstract A qualitative study was made of the vegetation of Pine Barrens swamps, in order to determine whether species composition is altered in sites draining developed lands. Thirty-two sites (half pristine) were examined, and at each, as complete as possible a list of species and relative abundances was compiled. Of a total of 177 species, 73 occurred only in developed sites, and 26 only in pristine sites. The remainder were recorded at both types of sites, but changed in frequency of occurrence. Developed sites tended to lose the herbaceous species characteristic of the region, and to suffer a decrease in the frequency of the characteristic shrub species. In their place, a diverse group of plants, including species from surrounding biogeographic regions, cosmopolitan species, and exotic species, invaded the developed sites; these invaders were mostly herbaceous, and included a large number of vine species. Because of this influx of new species, developed sites had greater species richness (mean of 34 species per site) than did the pristine sites (28 species per site). Polar ordination and an ANOVA of coefficients of community similarity showed that pristine sites were significantly more similar to each other (mean similarity 29%) than to the developed sites (inter-type similarity 20%). Thus, land use changes in the Pine Barrens substantially degraded the character of the region's wetlands. The results of the study suggest several general principles concerning the conservation of wetlands.
Effect of total lymphoid irradiation on levels of serum autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus and in rheumatoid arthritis

The effects of total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) on serum levels of autoantibodies, and of antibodies to diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, and pneumococcal polysaccharide in patients with lupus nephritis were compared with those previously observed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Baseline levels of antibodies to diphtheria toxoid and tetanus toxoid decreased significantly after TLI in patients with lupus and RA, but antibody levels to pneumococcal polysaccharide remained unchanged. After TLI, the levels of antinuclear and anti-DNA antibodies were reduced significantly in lupus, but levels of rheumatoid factor, antinuclear, and antigranulocyte antibodies all tended to increase in RA.
A semi-generative approach to computer-aided process planning using group technology

Abstract Computer-Aided Process Planning (CAPP) has a key role in Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) as an interface between design and manufacturing. This paper reports on a research effort that had as a major thrust the demonstration that a correctly designed Group Technology (GT) part coding scheme can assist in generating the sequence of machine operations for making the part. To exemplify the approach, a 14-digit chain-structured GT code was designed to capture the part features for the most common rotational/gear part shapes using DCLASS information processing trees. The GT code was then processed to generate process plan using a semi-generative CAPP approach that integrates sets of machining operations for part basic shapes and form features. The results have shown promising perspectives of GT applications in CAPP.
Local modulation of striatal glutamate efflux by serotonin 1A receptor stimulation in dyskinetic, hemiparkinsonian rats

Abstract Serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1AR) agonists reduce both l -DOPA- and D1 receptor (D1R) agonist-mediated dyskinesia, but their anti-dyskinetic mechanism of action is not fully understood. Given that 5-HT1AR stimulation reduces glutamatergic neurotransmission in the dopamine-depleted striatum, 5-HT1AR agonists may diminish dyskinesia in part through modulation of pro-dyskinetic striatal glutamate levels. To test this, rats with unilateral medial forebrain bundle dopamine or sham lesions were primed with l -DOPA (12 mg/kg + benserazide, 15 mg/kg, sc) or the D1R agonist SKF81297 (0.8 mg/kg, sc) until abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) stabilized. On subsequent test days, rats were treated with vehicle or the 5-HT1AR agonist ± 8-OH-DPAT (1.0 mg/kg, sc), followed by l -DOPA or SKF81297, or intrastriatal ± 8-OH-DPAT (7.5 or 15 mM), followed by l -DOPA. In some cases, the 5-HT1AR antagonist WAY100635 was employed to determine receptor-specific effects. In vivo microdialysis was used to collect striatal samples for analysis of extracellular glutamate levels during AIMs assessment. Systemic and striatal ± 8-OH-DPAT attenuated l -DOPA-induced dyskinesia and striatal glutamate efflux while WAY100635 reversed ± 8-OH-DPAT's effects. Interestingly, systemic ± 8-OH-DPAT diminished D1R-mediated AIMs without affecting glutamate. These findings indicate a novel anti-dyskinetic mechanism of action for 5-HT1AR agonists with implications for the improved treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Differential coupling of muscarinic m2 and m3 receptors to adenylyl cyclases V/VI in smooth muscle. Concurrent M2-mediated inhibition via Galphai3 and m3-mediated stimulation via Gbetagammaq.

Muscarinic m2 and m4 receptors couple preferentially to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, whereas m1, m3, and m5 receptors couple preferentially to activation of phospholipase C-beta and in some cells to stimulation of cAMP. Smooth muscle cells were shown to express adenylyl cyclases types V and/or VI. Acetylcholine (ACh) stimulated the binding of [35S]GTPgammaS.Galpha complexes in smooth muscle membranes to Galphaq/11 and Galphai3 antibody. Binding to Galphaq/11 antibody was inhibited by the m3 receptor antagonist, 4-DAMP, and binding to Galphai3 antibody was inhibited by the m2 receptor antagonist, N,N'-bis[6[[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]amino]hexyl]-1,8-octanediamine tetrahydrochloride (methoctramine). The decrease in basal cAMP (35 +/- 5%) induced by ACh in dispersed muscle cells was accentuated by 4-DAMP or Gbeta antibody (55 +/- 8 to 63 +/- 6%). In contrast, methoctramine, pertussis toxin (PTx), or Galphai3 antibody converted the decrease in cAMP to increase above basal level (+28 +/- 5 to +32 +/- 6%); the increase in cAMP was abolished by 4-DAMP or Gbeta antibody. In muscle cells where only m3 receptors were preserved by selective receptor protection, ACh caused only an increase in cAMP that was abolished by 4-DAMP. Conversely, in muscle cells where only m2 receptors were preserved, ACh caused an accentuated decrease in cAMP that was abolished by methoctramine or PTx. In conclusion, m2 receptors in smooth muscle couple to inhibition of adenylyl cyclases V/VI via Galphai3, and m3 receptors couple to activation of the enzymes via Gbetagammaq/11.
Counting subspaces of given height defined over a function field

Abstract We give asymptotic estimates for the number of subspaces of height m in affine n -space defined over a function field. These are analogous to similar estimates for number fields.
Seeding Effects on Crystallization of KAlSi3O8, RbAlSi3O8, and CsAlSi3O8 Gels and Glasses

Crystallization of stoichiometric KAlSi3O8, RbAlSi3O8, and CsAlSi3O8 gels (single-phase and multiphasic gels) and glasses with and without seeding has been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The pure gels of K-, Rb-, and Cs-feldspar compositions crystallized mainly to leucite (KAlSi2O6), a Rb analogue of leucite (RbAlSi2O3), and pollucite (CsAlSi2O6), respectively. The KAlSi3O8 glass also yielded leucite. No feldspar phases crystallized in the temperature region studied. The leucite crystallization temperature was lowered by using multiphasic gels. The crystallization sequence of the KAlSi3O8 glasses and single-phase gels did not change upon seeding with isostructural feldspar crystals. No significant crystallization effects were detected with the use of RbAlSi3O8 and CsAlSi3O8 multiphasic gels. However, K-feldspar (sanidine) was crystallized by using both compositionally and structurally different gels of KAlSi3O8, i.e., multiphasic gels seeded With feldspar crystals. The microstructure of oriented sanidine crystals around the seeds indicated an epitaxial crystallization mechanism.
Activity-Dependent Plasticity in Adult Somatic Sensory Cortex

Abstract Plasticity in somatic sensory cortex refers to the ability of cells to change their response to sensory inputs. Typically changes depend upon activity-induced modifications of synaptic strength. Increasing or decreasing synaptic strength is orchestrated through changes in transmitter release from axon terminals, in glutamate receptor properties, in postsynaptic cell depolarization, and in calcium activation of a cascade of intracellular events. Synaptic changes in cortex are facilitated by the level of cortical excitability and modulatory transmitters that create the background for activity arriving over sensory pathways. Ongoing activity initiated by peripheral receptors creates the patterns of activity in cortex that map the activity-dependent representation of the body onto cortex.
Some subjective validation methods using graphical displays of data

Subjective methods for operational validity are presented that use graphical displays of histograms, box plots, and behavior graphs. These methods allow the data to be correlated, have any statistical distribution, and be limited in the number of observations. Model data are used for the reference distribution (instead of a theoretical distribution such as the t or F) and for reference to compare the system data against. These methods are very general and can be used in validating different types of models.
Categorizing health-related cues to action: using Yelp reviews of restaurants in Hawaii

Yelp, a social media site, undeniably has an influence on consumers' food choice in spite of its ability to reflect consumers' real voice being criticized. Since unhealthy food choices contribute to health problems, such as obesity and malnourishment, we attempted to examine these problems by better understanding consumers through health-related cues to action—a construct from the Health Belief Model (HBM)— on Yelp Honolulu's restaurant reviews. Our research revealed 13 main categories: Ingredient, Type of food, Taste, Lifestyle, Cooking, Option, Price, Portion, Well-being, Nutrition, Hygiene, Emotional attachment and indulgence, and Feeling. We argue that these categories may ultimately lead consumers to make healthier food choices. In search of the most appealing way to communicate with the target group, underlying concepts that derived from these categories can be tested. Marketers in food industry (or public health policy-makers) can craft their strategies for healthy food brands/products (or healthy ...
Rhabdomyolysis Associated with Naltrexone

OBJECTIVE:To report a possible association between naltrexone therapy and the development of rhabdomyolysis in one patient.CASE SUMMARY:A 28-year-old white man in good physical health was started on naltrexone 50 mg/d for inpatient treatment of alcohol dependence and depression. A routine serum chemistry panel obtained on day 9 of naltrexone therapy showed marked new elevations in creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase. The patient remained asymptomatic and did not develop renal insufficiency. The serum enzyme concentrations returned to normal within eight days of naltrexone discontinuation.DISCUSSION:Rhabdomyolysis has not been previously reported to occur in patients during treatment with naltrexone. Alcoholism may result in a reversible acute muscle syndrome, but our patient did not fit the appropriate clinical profile for such a syndrome. Additionally, the other prescribed medications could not be implicated as possible causative agents.CONCLUSIONS:This case report illustrates a possible assoc...
An iterative algorithmic implementation of input-output finite state approximations

The problem of finding finite state models of systems with quantized inputs and outputs has received much deserved attention. In particular, a notion of ρ/μ approximation was proposed and shown to be relevant to the problem of control synthesis. In this paper, we revisit a recently developed constructive algorithm for generating ρ/μ approximations for a class of systems, and we propose and analyze several algorithms for improving the computational efficiency and memory requirements of the construction. We demonstrate the use of this approach for synthesizing certified-by-design controllers for a simple illustrative example with reachability type specifications.
Abnormal extension of the big toe as a cause of ulceration in diabetic feet

Relief from external pressure and repetitive stress is a main concept in treating diabetic neuropathic ulcers. Ulcers on the tip of the big toe may be caused by abnormal extension of the big toe, which can be diagnosed only by observing the patient during barefoot walking. A flexor pad underneath the big toe eliminates the phenomenon, but in case of rigidity of the toe, extremely roomy toe boxes must be prescribed. Out of a series of 272 diabetic patients with skin lesions on the feet 18 suffered this phenomenon, in one case with bilateral ulcerations. Fifteen ulcers healed and below the knee amputation had to be carried out in 4 legs due to ischaemia.
Vitallium-mold arthroplasty of the knee: A case report with 30-year follow-up study

A case was reviewed of a 52-year-old woman who underwent vitallium-mold arthroplasty of the right knee in 1958. After more than 30 years her Hospital for Special Surgery knee score continued to show an excellent rating. The anatomic-designed implant, made of cobalt-chrome material and inserted cementless, appears to have withstood the test of time in the knee.
CATHODIC PROTECTION: A USER'S PERSPECTIVE

This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of impressed current cathodic protection as a means of extending the life span of reinforced concrete bridge decks. The cost of cathodic protection is compared to the cost of other methods of rehabilitating such structures. Also included is a brief review and discussion of the data collected during the first year of operation of a cathodic protection installation on a reinforced concrete bridge deck with details on mix design of the coke breeze asphaltic concrete, results of resistivity, and voltage drop data taken through the coke breeze asphaltic concrete and the portland cement concrete, as well as actual corrosion criteria versus E/log i curves.
Short circuit protection of high speed, high power IGBT modules

At SLAC, research and development for the next linear collider (NLC) is progressing. The 8-Pack project is a test stand in which key NLC components will be developed. Presently the setup is such that an induction modulator [R. L. Cassel et al., The Prototype Solid State Induction Modulator for SLAC NLC] will generate 400 kV, 1200 A, and 1.6 /spl mu/s flattop pulse to drive four XL4 X-band klystrons. This requires the use of 76 high power IGBT modules operating in parallel at 3600 A and up to 2200 V each. IGBT switching speeds and short circuit protection from klystron arcs are major concerns. This paper describes a gate drive circuit with a new method to protect IGBT modules under short circuit conditions. Using a dI/dt control technique, the gate drive circuit enabled the Mitsubishi module CM600HB-90H to switch 4000 A at speeds up to 10 kA//spl mu/s in normal operation, while holding the short circuit peak-current to about 8000 A. Results from the single IGBT test and the 8-Pack Modulator prototype will be presented.
Quality improvement of tandem hot metal strip rolling using an augmented state-dependent Riccati equation technique

The tandem rolling of hot metal strip is a highly complex nonlinear large-scale industrial process with significant time delays plus major uncertainties and disturbances. The control challenge also is heightened by a hostile environment that precludes the location of certain sensors to measure variables that are important for control. Based on the results of our previous work using a modified state-dependent Riccati equation technique for control of the tandem cold metal rolling process, it is considered that a similar basis could be expanded upon to realize an improved method for the control of this more complex application. In this paper we present a comprehensive process model and expand on the results of our first efforts in the development of a suitable controller for this process. The results of simulations of the controller coupled to the model show a strong potential for improvement in the quality of the final product. The methodology used also has the potential for expansion to improve the control of other large nonlinear systems.
Comparison of Two Different Spatial Arrays in Relation to Serial Position Effect

Summary The influence of spatial presentation of items on the serial position effect was investigated by presenting items simultaneously either in a vertical list or a diamond arrangement to 30 male and female volunteers from general psychology classes. It was hypothesized that the points of the diamond would serve as spatial anchors and facilitate the recall of adjoining items. The only significant facilitation occurred in an item next to the six o'clock anchor, yielding only slight support for the spatial representation hypothesis of the serial position effect.
Autoimmune pancreatitis: An update

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is the pancreatic manifestation of a systemic fibroinflammatory disorder. It has been recognized as a distinct clinical entity, only recently. Multiple organs, such bile ducts, salivary glands, kidneys and lymph nodes, can be involved either synchronously or metachronously. It is one of the few autoimmune conditions that predominantly affects male subjects in the fifth and sixth decades of life. Obstructive jaundice is the most common presenting symptom but the presentation can be quite nonspecific. There are established diagnostic criteria to diagnose AIP, most of which rely on a combination of clinical presentation, imaging of the pancreas and other organs (by CT scan, MRI and endoscopic retrograde pancreatography), serology, pancreatic histology and response to steroids to make the diagnosis. It is imperative to differentiate AIP from pancreatic cancer owing to the vastly different prognostic and therapeutic implications. AIP responds dramatically to steroid treatment but ...
The ATM–p53 pathway suppresses aneuploidy-induced tumorigenesis

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is essential for proper sister chromatid segregation. Defects in this checkpoint can lead to chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy. An increasing body of evidence suggests that aneuploidy can play a causal role in tumorigenesis. However, mutant mice that are prone to aneuploidy have only mild tumor phenotypes, suggesting that there are limiting factors in the aneuploidy-induced tumorigenesis. Here we provide evidence that p53 is such a limiting factor. We show that aneuploidy activates p53 and that loss of p53 drastically accelerates tumor development in two independent aneuploidy models. The p53 activation depends on the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene product and increased levels of reactive oxygen species. Thus, the ATM-p53 pathway safeguards not only DNA damage but also aneuploidy.
Ozone-induced lung inflammation and mucosal barrier disruption: toxicology, mechanisms, and implications.

The airway epithelial lining serves as an efficient barrier against penetration of exogenous particles and macromolecules. Disruption of this barrier following O3 exposure represents a state of compromised epithelial defenses leading to increased transmucosal permeability. Although the barrier disruption following an acute exposure is transient in nature, the brief period of disruption caused by O3, an oxidant air pollutant, provides an opportunity for facilitated entry of a potentially toxic particulate copollutant(s) across the airway epithelia. The subsequent deposition and retention of the copollutant(s) in the subepithelial compartment for prolonged periods adds the risk of injury due to chronic exposure following an acute episode. Toxicological studies from several laboratories have demonstrated alterations in epithelial permeability, suggestive of barrier disruption, in animals and humans exposed to O3. Inflammatory cells represent another important component of pulmonary defenses, but upon activat...
Predicting structured objects with support vector machines

Machine Learning today offers a broad repertoire of methods for classification and regression. But what if we need to predict complex objects like trees, orderings, or alignments? Such problems arise naturally in natural language processing, search engines, and bioinformatics. The following explores a generalization of Support Vector Machines (SVMs) for such complex prediction problems.
On the give and take between event apprehension and utterance formulation.

Two experiments are reported which examine how manipulations of visual attention affect speakers’ linguistic choices regarding word order, verb use and syntactic structure when describing simple pictured scenes. Experiment 1 presented participants with scenes designed to elicit the use of a perspective predicate (The man chases the dog/The dog flees from the man) or a conjoined noun phrase sentential Subject (A cat and a dog/A dog and a cat). Gaze was directed to a particular scene character by way of an attention-capture manipulation. Attention capture increased the likelihood that this character would be the sentential Subject and altered the choice of perspective verb or word order within conjoined NP Subjects accordingly. These effects occurred even though participants reported being unaware that their visual attention had been manipulated. Experiment 2 extended these results to word order choice within Active versus Passive structures (The girl is kicking the boy/The boy is being kicked by the girl) and symmetrical predicates (The girl is meeting the boy/The boy is meeting the girl). Experiment 2 also found that early endogenous shifts in attention influence word order choices. These findings indicate a reliable relationship between initial looking patterns and speaking patterns, reflecting considerable parallelism between the on-line apprehension of events and the on-line construction of descriptive utterances.
Alexia and agraphia: Contrasting perspectives of J.-M. Charcot and J. Hughlings Jackson

Objective: To evaluate 19th-century concepts of cerebral localization for complex mental activities, focusing on alexia and agraphia in published writings of Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893) and John Hughlings Jackson (1835–1911). Background: In the early 1860s, Broca9s reports on a special role for the left frontal lobe in articulate language ignited frenetic interest in cerebral localization. Disorders of written language (alexia and agraphia) were enmeshed in ensuing discussions of how the brain was organized for language and other complex behaviors. Design/Methods: Focused review and analysis of Charcot9s and Hughlings Jackson9s publications on aphasia, alexia, and agraphia. Results: In the wake of Broca9s observations, the extent to which language functions in general—or such specialized functions as reading and writing—might involve focal cerebral representation was controversial. Based on his clinical–pathologic approach to “regional diagnosis,” Charcot came to value insights provided by “partial isolated aphasias.” He described patients with isolated alexia and agraphia, and he proposed a functional–anatomic framework to accommodate these disorders. Adopting a hierarchical model of nervous system organization, Hughlings Jackson argued that reading and writing could not be dissociated from other aspects of “intellectual language.” Charcot9s reductionism was typical of his era, but Hughlings Jackson9s more holistic approach was to gain ascendancy in early decades of the 20th century. Conclusions: Charcot9s and Hughlings Jackson9s positions on alexia and agraphia reflected contrasting philosophical approaches to the study of brain disorders. Their views informed the opinions of their contemporaries and neurologic heirs in important debates on cerebral organization.
Gendering Gardasil: Framing Gender and Sexuality in Media Representations of the HPV Vaccine

i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF FIGURES vi CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW 14 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY 40 CHAPTER IV: KEY STAKEHOLDER FINDINGS 51 CHAPTER V: NEWS MEDIA FINDINGS 80 CHAPTER VI: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 98 REFERENCES 117 APPENDIX A: List of Sources 135 APPENDIX B: Frame Matrix 136 APPENDIX C: Newspaper Code Sheet 137 APPENDIX D: Magazine Code Sheet 139 APPENDIX E: Conceptual Map of Frames and Their Sources 141
Forming project groups while learning about matching and network flows in algorithms

The matching problem in bipartite graphs is the basis for many applications that have become especially prominent with the advent of online markets that connect two entities (e.g., job-seekers and employers). Its algorithmic basis is the max-flow problem in networks, a topic that is often covered in introductory algorithms texts and courses.Separately, the Computer Science education literature is abundant with examples which indicate that the quality of the experience in the implementation of programming tasks is enhanced when done in groups.In this paper, we describe the application of a network-flow-based matching algorithm in bipartite graphs to form project groups in the algorithms course at the Colorado School of Mines (CSM). This activity simultaneously provides students with an immersive experience in a bipartite matching application. We present a small exploratory study on the effectiveness of the activity.
Processes for System Family Architecting, Design, and Integration

Today, many systems within government and industry are typically engineered, not as stand alone systems, but as part of an integrated system of systems, or a federation of systems, or systems family. A significant level of effort has been devoted in the past several years to the development, refinement, and ultimately, acceptance of processes for engineering systems or systems engineering processes. Today, we have four ldquostandardrdquo processes within present and past standards: EIA-632, IEEE 1220, ISO 15288, and MIL-STD-499C. We continue to use systems engineering processes espoused in our current set of standards, and are left to our devices to tailor these processes to one appropriate for a systems family context. This paper will examine the systems engineering processes in existence today and conclude with development of a process designed specifically for systems family applications.
The Effects of Hot Rolling on AA2124 15 v/o SiC Whisker Composites

Mechanical and microstructural studies were performed on a rolled sheet of AA2124 15 volume percent SiC whisker composite. Tests were done in both the as-rolled condition and after a T6 heat treatment. It was confirmed that hot rolling significantly reduces the tensile strength of a heat treated composite and that a T6 heat treatment re stores this strength. It has been suggested by previous investigators that this reduction and recovery in tensile strength was due to the creation and healing of interfacial voids. How ever, the present study shows that the loss in strength is mainly due to simple overaging of the rolled composite which occurs during cooling. A T6 heat treatment restored the strength of the rolled composite by dissolving the large precipitates. The ductility of the composite was also increased significantly as a result of the heat treatment.
Preliminary Study of Blast Response of Steel Plate-Reinforced Concrete Walls

Steel plate-reinforced concrete (SC) structures are ideal for protective construction. Tests have demonstrated improved resistance to projectile perforation and construction benefits when compared to conventional reinforced concrete (RC). By placing the reinforcing steel at the extreme fiber of the section, SC walls have higher strength and stiffness than an RC wall of the same depth and reinforcement ratio. This paper presents results from a preliminary analytical study of the blast response of SC structural members. The focus of this study is on one-way slabs subjected to uniform blast loads as are common for far-field explosions. Design parameters for blast protective design of SC walls are explained and necessary modifications to existing RC blast resistant design methods to account for SC behavior are recommended.
A linguagem da casa entre os negros no Recôncavo Baiano

Among Blacks in the Reconcavo da Bahia, Northeastern Brazil, the cultural construction of social relations and social organization, as well as the representations that sustain them must be understood in order to analyze their family systems. This article begins with a discussion of key analytical categories and structuro-functionalist methodologies - their theoretical and sociocultural foundations and their place in the analysis of family and kinship practices among marginalized people in Latin America, particularly in Brazil. It then turns to exploration of implicit meanings that are embedded in socioethnic contexts that structure languages, beliefs, and experiences of family among Blacks in that region. The model proposed is founded in the association of two conceptual levels: that of the house and configuration of houses (ensemble of houses structured within the ideology of kinship and family) as system of meanings.
Human Nature and the Way in the Philosophy of Dazai Shundai

The Japanese Confucian scholar Dazai Shundai (1680–1747) followed Ogyū Sorai (1666–1728), his famous teacher, in arguing that the Confucian Way is not inherent in human nature, but rather must be learned through external teachings, specifically the ritual, music, and other creations of the sage kings of ancient China. Shundai portrayed human nature in much more negative terms than Sorai, though, leading him to see such cultivation through Confucian teachings as a process of struggle with people’s natural inclinations, as opposed to Sorai’s notion of Confucianism as a gentle and nurturing force. This article explores how Shundai formulated his theory of human nature in relation to the ideas of various earlier Confucian thinkers, and argues that his pessimism regarding human nature is reflected in his willingness in certain circumstances to accept a more limited vision of Confucian cultivation on the level of both the individual and the state.
Structural equation socialization model of substance use among Mexican-American and white non-Hispanic school dropouts

Abstract Purpose: To test a socialization model of polydrug use among Mexican-American and white non-Hispanic school dropouts. Methods: A sample of 910 Mexican-American and white non-Hispanic school dropouts were surveyed regarding their use of alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs, and socialization characteristics that have previously been shown to be predictive of adolescent substance use. A structural equation model based on peer cluster theory was evaluated for goodness of fit and for differences in model characteristics by ethnicity and gender. Results: Results partially confirmed peer cluster theory among school dropouts in that association with drug-using peers was the most powerful direct predictor of substance use. The effects of a number of other socializing influences were indirect, mediated through association with drug-using peers. Some differences were present between Mexican-American and white non-Hispanic subgroups. Conclusions: Results were similar to those obtained from previous tests of this model among youth who remain in school, suggesting that social influences on drug use are similar across students and school dropouts. Association with drug-using peers dominates the prediction of substance use among school dropouts. However, family communication of drug use sanctions helps to both limit substance use and strengthen family bonds. Prior school adjustment is likely to be an important protective factor in limiting substance use among Mexican-American dropouts.
Intraperitoneal Bladder Perforation and Life-threatening Renal Failure in a Neonate Following Circumcision With the Plastibell Device

We present the case of an infant who suffered intraperitoneal bladder perforation secondary to routine neonatal circumcision with the Plastibell device. On day-of-life 5, the patient presented with abdominal distention, vomiting, diarrhea, and severe acute renal failure. After removal of a distal meatal obstruction caused by the Plastibell device and open repair of the bladder defect, the patient had an uneventful recovery with rapid return of renal function. Despite the relative safety of the Plastibell, this case underscores the importance of careful device placement, parental education, keen clinical judgment, and prompt intervention when indicated.
Electrochemical detection of anti-tau antibodies binding to tau protein and inhibition of GSK-3β-catalyzed phosphorylation

Abstract Tau protein hyperphosphorylation triggers tau aggregation and its toxicity, leading to neuronal death and cell-to-cell toxicity. Hence, inhibition of protein kinases is a viable tool toward reduction of tau toxicity. By targeting various epitopes of Tau441 protein immobilized on Au surface, the protein kinase inhibition by anti-tau antibodies was measured by surface electrochemistry. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to measure the charge transfer resistance (Rct) of nonphosphorylated tau–Au film (nTau–Au) and compared with the phosphorylated tau–Au film (pTau–Au). The pTau–Au films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF–SIMS), which indicated high phosphorus content. The Rct factor was used as the measure of inhibition efficacies by anti-tau antibodies (D8, A10, P262, and Tau46) in addition to antibody formulation intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). The Rct factor for pTau–Au in the absence of antibodies was 0.25 ± 0.08, indicating a dramatic decrease in Rct on phosphorylation. The Rct factors for Tau46 and A10 were 0.57 ± 0.22 and 0.65 ± 0.26, respectively, indicating phosphorylation inhibition. All antibodies exhibited similar binding to nTau–Au. The proposed electrochemical assay may be used for detection of other posttranslational modifications.
Vitamin D and Exercise Performance

Vitamin D is a unique vitamin with hormone actions. Synthesized cutaneously from UVB light or derived from the diet, vitamin D is essential for maintaining bone health and calcium homeostasis. Vitamin D is transported in the circulation bound to vitamin D-binding protein (DBP). The active form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D, binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, and this allows modulation of gene expression.
Episode-Based Approaches to Measuring Health Care Quality:

Most currently available quality measures reflect point-in-time provider tasks, providing a limited and fragmented assessment of care. The concept of episodes of care could be used to develop quality measurement approaches that reflect longer periods of care. With input from clinical experts, we constructed episode-of-care frameworks for six illustrative conditions and identified potential gaps and measure development priority areas. Episode-based measures could assess changes in health outcomes ("delta measures"), the amount of time during an episode in which a patient has suboptimal health status ("integral measures"), quality contingent upon events occurring previously ("contingent measures"), and composites of measures throughout the episode. This article identifies a number of challenges that will need to be addressed to advance operationalization of episode-based quality measurement.
Lemon v. Kurtzman, and the Court's Establishment Clause Jurisprudence

This Article discusses the Lemon test used to determine Establishment Clause violations. The three-part Lemon test was an early test articulated by the Court and, after much criticism, was subsequently modified in various ways. This article examines how the Lemon test evolved, how it was applied, and what criticisms were levied against it.
XerC Contributes to Diverse Forms of Staphylococcus aureus Infection via agr-Dependent and agr-Independent Pathways

We demonstrate that mutation of xerC, which reportedly encodes a homologue of an Escherichia coli recombinase, limits biofilm formation in the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain LAC and the methicillin-sensitive strain UAMS-1. This was not due to the decreased production of the polysaccharide intracellular adhesin (PIA) in either strain because the amount of PIA was increased in a UAMS-1xerC mutant and undetectable in both LAC and its isogenic xerC mutant. Mutation of xerC also resulted in the increased production of extracellular proteases and nucleases in both LAC and UAMS-1, and limiting the production of either class of enzymes increased biofilm formation in the isogenic xerC mutants. More importantly, the limited capacity to form a biofilm was correlated with increased antibiotic susceptibility in both strains in the context of an established biofilm in vivo. Mutation of xerC also attenuated virulence in a murine bacteremia model, as assessed on the basis of the bacterial loads in internal organs and overall lethality. It also resulted in the decreased accumulation of alpha toxin and the increased accumulation of protein A. These findings suggest that xerC may impact the functional status of agr. This was confirmed by demonstrating the reduced accumulation of RNAIII and AgrA in LAC and UAMS-1xerC mutants. However, this cannot account for the biofilm-deficient phenotype of xerC mutants because mutation of agr did not limit biofilm formation in either strain. These results demonstrate that xerC contributes to biofilm-associated infections and acute bacteremia and that this is likely due to agr-independent and -dependent pathways, respectively.
Biological Features of Borrelia burgdorferi

Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, is a tick-borne spirochete. This organism has fastidious in vitro growth habits and does not readily cause disease in laboratory animals. As an arthropod-borne pathogen, this spirochete must adapt to conditions within the tick vector and to the environment in several organ systems in the vertebrate host.
Invited) Role of Chemical Heterogeneities on Oxygen Reduction Kinetics on the Surface of Thin Film Cathodes

We investigated the effects of annealing and A-site stoichiometry on the surface heterostructures at (La0.8Sr0.2)yMnO3 (LSM, y≤1) dense thin films. While annealing at high temperatures induces cation segregation on LSM, A-site deficiency is hypothesized to reduce the level of Sr enrichment on the surface by providing more space in the bulk of LSM for this relatively large cation. Localized chemical analysis by Auger electron spectroscopy revealed the strong enrichment of Sr and Zr in annealing-induced particles on LSM surfaces. By systematically varying y from 1.0 to 0.95, A-site deficiency in LSM films was shown to suppress Sr segregation and decrease the density of these secondary phases on annealed LSM surfaces, suggesting a higher chemical stability of LSM surfaces with A-site deficiency. Our results contribute to understanding the elastic energy contributions to cation segregation on perovskite cathode surfaces, and to elucidating the role of surface chemical heterogeneities to the ORR kinetics.
Political leadership, peacemaking, and post-conflict reconciliation: Xanana Gusmão and East Timor

How and to what extent can individual leaders affect policy making during and after violent political conflicts? Why are some motivated to prioritize settlement and reconciliation? The article addr...
Current status of rabies prevention and control in 2001-2010 in Minhang district of Shanghai

Objective To evaluate the current status and effectiveness of post-exposure rabies treatment,to provide scientific evidence for the standardization of rabies control.Methods A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted to analyze the data of human rabies information,suspected rabies dog attacking accidents and post-exposure rabies treatment in Minhang district of Shanghai.Results There were three cases of human rabies reported from 2001 to 2010 and all died.Two of them were imported and one was native.They either underwent no or incomplete post-exposure treatment.A total of 28 suspected rabies dog attacking accidents occurred in the area,24 dog heads were available for the detection of virus and 3 were found positive with the positive rate of 12.50%.Among 10 people who were unfortunately bitten by them.One person developed rabies because of lack of treatment after bitten,the other 9 and their close contacts all received post-exposure treatment such as washing wound thoroughly,injection of rabies immune globulin and rabies vaccine.Therefore none of them developed rabies within 6 months of medical follow-up.Rabies exposure mainly meantbitten by dogs,which accounted for 87.87% of the total attacks by animals,the unlicensed dog attack accounted for 78.01% of the total dog bites.Level III exposure accounted for 38.72% of the total exposures,and of which 21.08% vaccinated with RabAn or HRIG.However,this number decreased annually(R2=0.409,P=0.046).Dog attack was regional and number of attacks varied in different communities(χ2=5 011,P0.001).The seasonal distribution of rabies exposure showed that May to September was the peak season of unlicensed dog attacks,while the number of attacks by licensed dog within 12 months kept relatively stable.Meanwhile the positive rate of antibody against whole virus after post-exposure treatment could reach as high as 98.07%.ConclusionsRabies prophylaxis still needs to be strengthened in Minhang district.A completed post-exposure treatment is extremely critical to save patients' lives,especially for those with level III exposures.
Semiperimeter and Pythagorean Triples

We consider the semiperimeter (half the perimeter) of right triangles having relatively prime positive integers as side lengths. These values are always integers and we construct integers which are...