cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Endogenous Spinal Endomorphin 2 to Intrathecal Opioid Antinociception in Rats Is Agonist Dependent and Sexually Dimorphic

Abstract Interactions between exogenous and endogenous opioids are not commonly investigated as a basis for sexually dimorphic opioid analgesia. We investigated the influence of spinal endomorphin 2 (EM2), an endogenous mu-opioid receptor (MOR) ligand, on the spinal antinociception produced by intrathecally administered opioids. Activation of spinal MORs facilitated spinal EM2 release. This effect was sexually dimorphic, occurring in males but not in females. Although activational effects of testosterone were required for opioid facilitation of spinal EM2 release in males, the absence of this facilitation in females did not result from either insufficient levels of testosterone or mitigating effects of estrogens. Strikingly, in males, the contribution of spinal EM2 to the analgesia produced by intrathecally applied MOR agonists depended on their analgesic efficacy relative to that of EM2. Spinal EM2 released by the higher efficacy MOR agonist sufentanil diminished sufentanil's analgesic effect, whereas EM2 released by the lower efficacy morphine had the opposite effect on spinal morphine antinociception. Understanding antithetical contributions of endogenous EM2 to intrathecal opioid antinociception not only enlightens the selection of opioid medications for pain management but also helps to explain variable sex dependence of the antinociception produced by different opioids, facilitating the acceptance of sexually dimorphic antinociception as a basic tenet. Perspective The male-specific MOR-coupled enhancement of spinal EM2 release implies a parallel ability to harness endogenous EM2 antinociception. The inferred diminished ability of females to utilize the spinal EM2 antinociceptive system could contribute to their greater frequency and severity of chronic pain syndromes.
Is there a second external lidocaine binding site on mammalian cardiac cells

Lidocaine and its permanently charged analogue QX-314 block sodium current (INa) in nerve, and by this mechanism, lidocaine produces local anesthesia. When administered clinically, lidocaine prevents cardiac arrhythmias. Nerve and skeletal muscle are much more sensitive to local anesthetics when the drugs are applied inside the cell, indicating that the binding site for local anesthetics is located on the inside of those Na channels. Using a large suction pipette for voltage clamp and internal perfusion of single cardiac Purkinje cells, we demonstrate that a charged lidocaine analogue blocks INa not only when applied from the inside but also from the outside, unlike noncardiac tissue. This functional difference in heart predicts that a second local anesthetic binding site exists outside or near the outside of cardiac Na channels and emphasizes that the cardiac Na channel is different from that in nerve.
Coupling fine particle and bedload transport in gravel-bedded streams

Abstract Fine particles in the silt- and clay-size range are important determinants of surface water quality. Since fine particle loading rates are not unique functions of stream discharge this limits the utility of the available models for water quality assessment. Data from 38 minimally developed watersheds within the United States Geological Survey stream gauging network in California, USA reveal three lines of evidence that fine particle release is coupled with bedload transport. First, there is a transition in fine particle loading rate as a function of discharge for gravel-bedded sediments that does not appear when the sediment bed is composed of sand, cobbles, boulders, or bedrock. Second, the discharge at the transition in the loading rate is correlated with the initiation of gravel mobilization. Third, high frequency particle concentration and discharge data are dominated by clockwise hysteresis where rising limb discharges generally have higher concentrations than falling limb discharges. These three observations across multiple watersheds lead to a conceptual model that fine particles accumulate within the sediment bed at discharges less than the transition and then the gravel bed fluidizes with fine particle release at discharges above the transition discharge. While these observations were individually recognized in the literature, this analysis provides a consistent conceptual model based on the coupling of fine particle dynamics with filtration at low discharges and gravel bed fluidization at higher discharges.
Simultaneous Use of Intravenous Fluids and Diuretics in Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure: When the Left Hand Does Not Know What the Right Hand Is Doing

Confusion of goals and perfection of means seems, in my opinion, to characterize our age. — Albert Einstein [(1)][1] These days, hospitalization for heart failure is on the minds of most U.S. clinicians and hospital administrators. Payment reforms designed to highlight quality of care and
Preparation of Teacher Educators in Behavior Disorders

Given the current public discontent with education, doctoral level programs, including those in special education, should be scrutinized. This article describes concerns that led one faculty to rethink its doctoral level preparation program in behavior disorders. That process, as well as the resultant program content, are detailed. Doctoral students in behavior disorders are active participants in the design and pursuit of a program of study that blends the acquisition of theory and research skills with a carefully developed set of practitioner skills in teacher education.
Synthesis of (±)-Actinophyllic Acid and Analogs: Applications of Cascade Reactions and Diverted Total Synthesis

Actinophyllic acid is a biologically active indole alkaloid with a unique structural framework that incorporates five contiguous stereocenters. A total synthesis of (±)-actinophyllic acid has been completed that proceeds in only 10 steps from readily available, known compounds and with the isolation of nine intermediates. The synthesis features a novel cascade of reactions of N-stabilized carbocations with π-nucleophiles to create the tetracyclic core of actinophyllic acid in a single chemical operation. This pivotal cascade sequence generates substructures of the actinophyllic acid core that are not otherwise accessible, and one key intermediate was modified to furnish several novel compounds having potentially promising anticancer activity, one of which induces cell death in a wide range of cancer cell lines.
Biological activity of 1,24 (R)-dihydroxyvitamin D and 1,24(S)-dihydroxyvitamin D in the rat.

AbstractThe activities of 1,24(R)-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,24(S)-dihydroxyvitamin D3 have been compared with that of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the stimulation of intestinal calcium transport, mobilization of bone calcium, elevation of serum inorganic phosphorus concentration, and in healing rickets in vitamin D-deficient rats. The 1α-hydroxyvitamin D3 was also compared with the 1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 compounds in antirachitic activity. In all parameters 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is about 10 times more active than either 1,24(R)-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,24(S)-dihydroxyvitamin D3. In antirachitic activity 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is about two times more active than 1α-hydroxyvitamin D3 which in turn is two times more active than 1,24(R)-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The 1,24(R)-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 and 1,24(S)-dihydroxyvitamin D3 compounds are equally active except in the healing of rickets where the 1,24(S)-dihydroxyvitamin D3 elicits weak biological activity.
Aerodynamic Characterization of a Continuous Trailing Edge Flap Design

2013 NASA LaRC Aeronautics Academy: Mark Agate 1 University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146 Travyn Mapes 2 Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322 Joseph DeCarlo 3 University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 Mark Fellows 4 Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056 Jane Fleming 5 Fort Lewis College, Durango, CO 81301 Russell Gillespie 6 West Virginia Wesleyan College, Buckhannon, West Virginia 26201 Nicholas Harvey 7 University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 Benjamin Leon 8 Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 Brittney Lipp 9 Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 Taylor Ray 10 Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 Sean Spillane 11 The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031 James Tennant 12 Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260
Impact of Three-phase Relative Permeability Model on Recovery in Mixed Media – Miscibility, IFT and Hysteresis Issues

This paper explores the importance of proper choice of three-phase relative permeability model for mixed-wet media, in contrast with commonly available water-wet rock models, that is, Stone1 and Baker. The mixed-wet condition is likely the most frequently encountered wetting condition worldwide.(1, 2) Two formulations are available under these conditions. Blunt(3) developed a model that is somewhat complex to employ in simulators. In contrast, Jerauld(4-6) formulated a model that is relatively easier to implement. Jerauld’s model incorporates the effect of interfacial tension (IFT) between phase pairs, as well as the ability to model mixed wettability. In this paper, to evaluate the effect of three-phase relative formulation, Stone 1 is used as a paradigm of strong wetting and serves as a base comparison for a mixed-wet formulation, namely, Jerauld’s model. We illustrate the differences in performance prediction in three-phase oil relative permeability (kro) for the same two-phase relative permeability da...
E-006 the time of recanalization since symptoms is a predictor of outcome in patients who underwent stent retriever thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke from middle cerebral artery occlusion

Background The outcome of patients in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to a large artery occlusion (LAO) with high NIHSS (10 or higher), who recanalize less than 3 h of symptoms versus those more than 3 h, has not been clearly investigated. Therefore, these patients may encounter delay in enrollment for appropriate therapy such as stent retriever thrombectomy (SRT) resulting in delay in recanalization, which may not guarantee a good outcome. Despite the positive result, MR CLEAN trial demonstrated good functional outcome only 32% of patients in endovascular arm which may be responsible for delay in the enrollment (average 4 h). Objective The objective of our study is to determine the predictor of functional outcome in AIS patients with high NIHSS who underwent SRT from middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Additionally, we compared the radiographic and functional outcome of those who recanalized less than hours versus whose more than 3 h. Method We analyzed data from consecutive AIS patients of MCA occlusion with NIHSS ≥8 who underwent SRT were enrolled from 2012 to 2014. Demographics characteristics, time of stroke onset, time of intervention, time of recanalization from groin puncture, time of recanalization since symptoms, baseline NIHSS, 24 h and 30 days after the procedure, and 30 days modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were ascertained. The time of recanalization since symptoms is defined by the time interval between recanalization and symptoms onset. Outcome was measured by mRS at 30 days, NIHSS score after completion, 24 h and 30 days of the procedure. The SAS software was used to analyze the data. Results We analyzed 21 AIS patients (67% female and 33% male) who underwent SRT for MCA occlusion (52% (11) right MCA, 48% (10) left MCA) with mean age of 70.62 ± 13.94 years and mean admission NIHSS 16.76 ± 5.09. Complete (TICI3) and partial (TICI2b) recanalization was observed in 19(90.50%) and 2(9.50%) respectively with mean passes of 1.71 ± 1. Time to recanalization from stroke onset was 230 ± 1160 min. Mean presenting NIHSS of 16.76 dropped to 7, 5 and 2 at immediate, 24 h and 30 days post SRT respectively. Good outcome (mRS ≤2) was observed in 15(66.13%) and poor outcome in 6(28.57%) including mortality in 2(9.5%). In univariate analysis recanalization time, immediate and 24 h post SRT NIHSS were predictors of outcome (p-value = 0.0039, 0.003 and 0.043 respectively). Patient’s age, gender and presenting NIHSS were not predictors of outcome. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that patients with LAO from MCA who recanalize less than 3 h of symptoms onset have very good chance of good outcome (0–2) compared to those who recanilize more than 3 h. Therefore, all AIS patients with LAO should offer early SRT to achieve a good functional outcome. Further studies are required. Disclosures Y. Lodi: None. V. Reddy: None. A. Devasenapathy: None. A. Hourani: None. C. Chou: None.
Palliative Urinary Diversion for Pelvic Malignancy

AbstractPalliative urinary diversion was done in 47 cases for ureteral obstruction secondary to advanced pelvic malignancy. The average survival time was 5.3 months, with only 50 per cent of the patients alive at 3 months and only 22.7 per cent alive at 6 months. After the diversion 63.8 per cent of the survival time was spent in the hospital. Patients with carcinoma of the prostate fared better than those with other sites of tumor origin, which may reflect the natural history of this tumor.
Pregnancy and the Heart

The prevalence of heart disease in women is approximately 1% with an overall complication rate of 13% to 18%. Congenital heart disease accounts for more than 50% of pregnant patients with heart disease. The patients at highest risk are those with critical aortic stenosis (AS), Marfan’s syndrome with an aortic diameter of 40 mm or more, cyanotic heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, mechanical prostheses, or severe left ventricle (LV) dysfunction. Suggested guidelines for safety of pregnancy in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease include maternal functional status, O2 saturation of 85% to 90% or more, hemoglobin of 16 g/dL or more, pulmonary artery to systemic blood pressure ratio of 70% or more, and a left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) of 35% to 40% or less. Women who have significant ventricular dysfunction (New York Heart Association class III or IV) have a poor prognosis in pregnancy. Pregnancy should be discouraged when the EF is less than 25%. Hypertension affects as many as 10% of all pregnancies and remains a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Half of the aortic dissections that develop in women younger than 40 years of age occur in association with pregnancy. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II blockers are contraindicated in pregnancy.
The Guarantee Clause and Federal Power to Supersede State Authority at the Edge of an Avian Flu Pandemic

Research suggests that aggressive action in the early stages of a pandemic can cut deaths dramatically. But if a state fails to act -- whether due to incompetence or lack of political will -- the federal government must. Yet, if federal intervention within a state becomes necessary to prevent a future national emergency, the question becomes one of under what authority. There are limited routes that would provide the federal government with authority to supersede a state government during a local outbreak. Possible sources of authority may include the National Emergencies Act, the Stafford Act, martial law and the Guarantee Clause of the Constitution. An examination of each, using national avian flu preparedness policies as an example, demonstrates that the Guarantee Clause is the only one that would provide the necessary authority for the federal government to take affirmative action within a state to suppress a localized avian flu outbreak.
Prospective comorbidity-matched study of Parkinson's disease and risk of mortality among women

Background Individuals with Parkinson9s disease (PD) may have an increased risk of overall mortality compared to the general population. Women may have lower mortality rates from PD than men; however, studies among women on the effect of PD on mortality have been limited and may not have adequately controlled for confounding by comorbidities. Methods We conducted a matched cohort study among participants in the Women9s Health Study. 396 incident PD cases were identified through self-report. Each PD case was matched by age to a comparator who was alive and had the same modified Charlson comorbidity score as the PD case. The PD cases and matched comparators were followed for all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age at the index date, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise and body mass index were used to determine the association between PD and mortality. Results During a median of 6.2 years of follow-up, 72 women died (47 PD cases and 25 comparators). The multivariable-adjusted HR for mortality was 2.60 (95% CI 1.56 to 4.32). Conclusions PD was associated with more than a twofold increased risk of all-cause mortality among women. Results are similar to those observed among men.
Quick Access to Compressed Data in Storage Systems

Primary storage systems that compress data in real time, use some form of on disk metadata to perform the virtualization needed in storing compressed data. Usually this metadata is in the form of B-trees (eventually compressed) and stored on disk. For random accesses to compressed data, where the metadata is not in cache, this additional layer significantly slows down random reads and writes. Our solution is to use much less metadata that only provides an approximation of the location of compressed data on disk and can be easily stored in the memory of the storage system. Read operations are extended to compensate for the imprecise position information in the metadata, and index marks embedded in the data are used to locate the required data within the expanded read. The data placement of written data is constrained to be described by the reduced metadata. The placement uses a piecewise linear scheme based on the locality in compressibility of data and we support this assumption with experiments.
Market basket analysis of grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) assemblages in eastern Wyoming: a 17-year case study using associative analysis for ecological insights into grasshopper outbreaks.

1. This study utilised an associative analysis (AA) technique named market basket analysis (MBA) to investigate whether particular grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) species associations are common during outbreaks (>9.6 grasshoppers m⁻²) that last >3 years. This study is the first of its kind to use MBA on animal communities. 2. A subset of the 17 years of grasshopper density data from the Wyoming Grasshopper Survey Dataset was used to explore associations among grasshopper species. 3. Associations of certain species were found with over 80% confidence. Life‐history traits of those species commonly found together were examined and compared (a posteriori), creating opportunities to hypothesise certain ecological relationships (e.g. interspecific competition, indirect mutualism) for future studies. 4. This case study shows that further MBA analysis of grasshopper assemblages should prove useful in discovering ecological relationships of grasshopper species during outbreaks. Preliminary examples are demonstrated.
73 School-related victimisation among children with disabilities

Statement of purpose Children with disabilities are bullied three times as often as children without disabilities. However, there are no bullying prevention programs that address the unique needs of this population. The purpose of this study was to explore the protective and risk factors of school personnel on victimisation from the participants’ perspective. Methods/approach Participants were 11 students (three men and eight women) registered with the university Disability Resource Centre. Disabilities were self-reported and included mental health, chronic medical, visual and hearing impairment, and learning disabilities. Participants completed a 90 min in-depth, interpretive interview regarding peer victimisation experienced during in middle and high school. Interviews were transcribed, coded using in vivo coding methods, and then analysed using thematic analysis. Results Participants (5/11) reported that school staff and administration were supportive in a variety of ways including acknowledging disability-related struggles, providing accommodations such as extra time on tests, and showing an interest in students’ lives outside of school. However, several (6/11) participants experienced victimisation from either school staff or administrators. Examples of victimisation included verbal aggression, refusal to provide accommodations, discrimination regarding inclusion in school-related activities, and humiliation in front of peers. Participants reported 22 separate incidents of victimisation from teachers, staff or administrators. Quotes and specific examples from participants will be provided. Conclusions Participants described ways in which school staff and administration protected against victimisation. Unexpectedly, we found that school personnel were also the perpetrators of victimisation. Suggestions for intervention and further research are discussed. Significance and Contributions to Injury and Violence Prevention Science This study provides detailed examples of protective and aggressive behaviours from school personnel towards students with disabilities, which should be incorporated into school prevention programs and assessment instruments.
Factors Affecting Inward Foreign Direct Investment Flows into the United States: Evidence from State-Level Data

This paper investigates factors affecting the inward foreign direct investment (FDI) flows among fifty states of the United States. The analysis uses annual data for the period from 1997 to 2007. The study identifies several state-specific determinants of FDI and investigates the changes in their importance during the study period. Our results show that among the major determinants, the real per capita income, real per capita expenditure on education, FDI related employment, real research and development expenditure, and capital expenditure are found to have a significant positive impact on FDI inflows. There is also evidence that the share of scientists and engineers in the workforce exerts a small positive impact on inward FDI flows. In addition, per capita state taxes, unit labor cost, manufacturing density, unionization, and unemployment rate exert a negative impact on FDI inflows.
Red Blood Cells for Drug Delivery

Red blood cells (RBCs), or erythrocytes, have been promising endogenous candidates for drug delivery for more than four decades. Armed with a better understanding of the diverse mechanisms and paths for drug delivery, researchers have achieved great progress in manufacturing RBC-based carriers, from both the scientific and clinical viewpoints. Here, the loading methods and loading therapeutics by RBC carriers are surveyed, and recent advances in the design of stimuli-triggered RBC carriers highlighted. Key developing trends and challenges, are also discussed, and an outlook is presented.
Selective tumour necrosis factor receptor-1 inhibition in acute lung injury: a new hope or a false dawn?

A complex myriad of aetiologies and pathologies coalesce within the clinical syndrome of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) often obfuscating our understanding of the disorder. Amidst the complexity, acute lung inflammation stands out as the fundamental unifying pathophysiology underlying ARDS. A better understanding of the mechanisms driving inflammation in the lung and the ensuing response from the innate immune system, endothelial and epithelial barriers are key to developing disease-modifying drugs in ARDS. Targeted inhibition of proinflammatory molecules such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α would seem a logical and fruitful line of investigation for disease-modifying intervention in ARDS. As suggested by its name, TNF-α was first described as a mediator in abrogating malignant proliferation of cancerous cells.1 Since then, TNF-α has also been identified as a key cytokine in modulating inflammation. TNF-α is mainly produced by macrophages and monocytes, but it is released by most cells, including endothelial cells, epithelial cells and most other leucocytes. A pleiotropic cytokine, TNF-α has a wide range of biological activities. TNF-α has been implicated as a chemoattractant for neutrophils and eosinophils, as a mediator of apoptosis and a major stimulant of other proinflammatory cytokine release.2 In ARDS, elevated levels of TNF-α are found in both plasma and bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL).3 4 In the lungs, TNF-α expression directly leads to increased endothelial permeability5 6 and downregulates epithelial sodium channel expression leading to impaired alveolar fluid clearance.7 Aside from ARDS, TNF-α is also a critical mediator in other inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and Crohn’s disease. Moreover, in these diseases, inhibitors of TNF-α are now in widespread therapeutic use, setting a precedent for their use in ARDS. As a ligand, TNF-α binds to two members of TNF-receptor superfamily: TNF-receptor 1 (TNFR1) and TNF-receptor 2 (TNFR2). TNFR1 is a transmembrane receptor with …
Comprehensive geriatric assessment: lessons in progress.

When geriatrics entered the mainstream of medicine in the late 1970s, directors of training programs were confronted with a question: what contribution can the field of geriatrics make to the well-being of elders? This was another way of asking why a specialty of geriatrics was needed. The answer was found in the teachings of many esteemed British geriatricians and the few pioneers in academic geriatrics in the United States. They emphasized the differences between managing and curing conditions, between disease and functional status, and between medicine acting alone and medicine as part of an interdisciplinary team effort. The work of academic geriatrics in the United States, in my view, had the greatest impact on shaping the discipline. From a series of comparative studies, the main ` technology'' ± Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment ± has emerged. As one of my mentors expressed it, ` Geriatric assessment is the heart and soul of geriatrics'' [1]. This paper will describe the evolution of CGA in the United States as well as approaches for conducting multidimensional assessment in the community.
Automatic crime prediction using events extracted from twitter posts

Prior work on criminal incident prediction has relied primarily on the historical crime record and various geospatial and demographic information sources. Although promising, these models do not take into account the rich and rapidly expanding social media context that surrounds incidents of interest. This paper presents a preliminary investigation of Twitter-based criminal incident prediction. Our approach is based on the automatic semantic analysis and understanding of natural language Twitter posts, combined with dimensionality reduction via latent Dirichlet allocation and prediction via linear modeling. We tested our model on the task of predicting future hit-and-run crimes. Evaluation results indicate that the model comfortably outperforms a baseline model that predicts hit-and-run incidents uniformly across all days.
An Evaluation of the Metabolism of 1-Nitro[14C]Pyrene by Rabbit Tracheal Epithelial Cells: Kinetic Analysis

The metabolism of 1-nitro[14C]pyrene (14C-1-NP) by freshly isolated rabbit tracheal cells has been investigated in order to determine the kinetic parameters КM amd VMax. Experiments to optimize the cell number and the incubation time yielding maximum metabolite formation following incubations with 14C-1-NP were also performed. Metabolites from the incubation medium and cell lysates at each stage of this investigation were extracted, analyzed and quantitated by HPLC and liquid scintillation spectrophotometry. Maximum rate of metabolite production was attained at 2 x 106 cells and 4 hours incubation, with no significant increase at 20 hours. Using these optimized conditions, experiments were performed to assess the kinetics of the metabolism of 14C-1-NP over a concentration range of (0.1 to 50µM). The apparent КM ranged from 2.43 ± 1.81 x 10-1 µM (S.E.) to 3.89 ± 7.31 x 10 1 µМ (S.E.). VMax was determined to range from 5.62 x 10-3 ± 3.9 x 10-4 µmoles/mg/hr (S.E.) to 7.65 x 10-3 ± 8.7 x 10-4 µmoles/mg/hr (S.E.). The apparent КМ and VMax were determined using three linear transformation models (Lineweaver-Burk, Hofstee, Woolf and a nonlinear model). Scatchard analysis of the kinetic data resulted in a curvilinear plot indicating the presence of two enzymes, one with a low affinity (KM = 0.584µM) and high capacity (VMax = 2.38 x 10-3 µmoles/mg/hr) and another with a high affinity (КM = 0.062µM) and low capacity VMax= 8.1 x 10-4 µmoles/mg/hr). The results of this study provide information needed to optimize experimental conditions in evaluating the comparative metabolism and genotoxicty of 14C-1-NP by respiratory tract cells from various species.
Teaching Qualitative Data Analysis Through Gaming

The purpose of this article is to describe the use of a party game, adapted by the two authors, to teach qualitative data analysis in consulting and classroom settings. The value of this exercise l...
Synthesis and Properties of N-Arylpyrrole-Functionalized Poly(1-hexene-alt-CO)

The 1,4-polyketone derived from 1-hexene and carbon monoxide, poly(1-hexene-alt-CO) (1), can undergo Paal–Knorr cyclization with substituted anilines to yield N-pyrrole-functionalized polyketones. A variety of pendant functionalities are introduced to 1, including azobenzene (6) and triarylamines (5a–e). The extent of incorporation depends on the nucleophilicity of the parent aniline. Polymer 6 exhibits a UV-induced trans → cis photoisomerization and has lower rates of photoinduced decomposition relative to parent 1. Triarylamine-containing polymers 5a–e are redox-active, forming optically active radical cations upon chemical oxidation. Compared with model N-arylpyrrole compounds 9a–e, polymers 5a–e demonstrate hypsochromic shifts in UV–vis absorptions and exhibit features between +0.5 and +1.2 V (vs Ag/AgCl) in solution-phase differential pulse voltammetry.
EATING DISORDERS: A Survey in Selected College Females

Because of the alarming number of female college students being reported as having an eating disorder, a survey concerning eating attitudes and behaviors of 947 female Freshman Orientation students...
Descriptive Analysis of Graduate Enrollment Trends at Hispanic-Serving Institutions: 2005-2015:

Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs) are postsecondary institutions that enroll 25% Latinx undergraduate students, with little emphasis on graduate enrollment. Graduate enrollment was explored at H...
Performance Bounds of Decentralized Search in Expert Networks for Query Answering

Expert networks are formed by a group of expert-professionals with different specialties to collaboratively resolve specific queries posted to the network. In such networks, when a query reaches an expert who does not have sufficient expertise, this query needs to be routed to other experts for further processing until it is completely solved; therefore, query answering efficiency is sensitive to the underlying query routing mechanism being used. Among all possible query routing mechanisms, decentralized search, operating purely on each expert’s local information without any knowledge of network global structure, represents the most basic and scalable routing mechanism, which is applicable to any network scenarios even in dynamic networks. However, there is still a lack of fundamental understanding of the efficiency of decentralized search in expert networks. In this regard, we investigate decentralized search by quantifying its performance under a variety of network settings. Our key findings reveal the existence of network conditions, under which decentralized search can achieve significantly short query routing paths (i.e., between O(log n) and O(log2n) hops, n: total number of experts in the network). Based on such theoretical foundation, we further study how the unique properties of decentralized search in expert networks are related to the anecdotal small-world phenomenon. In addition, we demonstrate that decentralized search is robust against estimation errors introduced by misinterpreting the required expertise levels. The developed performance bounds, confirmed by real datasets, are able to assist in predicting network performance and designing complex expert networks.
Is Hypertension Following Donor Nephrectomy Cause For Elevated Living Donor Kidney Function Concern

Beginning in the early 1990s, and despite improved public education and awareness of organ donation in the United States, the gap between the number of kidney donors and waiting recipients continues to grow. Although there are >100,000 patients listed for kidney transplantation, only one fifth are
Modeling of Near Zero-Field Magnetoresistance and Electrically Detected Magnetic Resonance in Irradiated Si/SiO 2 MOSFETs

Near zero-field magnetoresistance (NZFMR) spectroscopy has the potential to provide chemical and physical information on radiation damage in 3-D integrated circuits. Electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) has provided chemical and physical information for several decades but is limited in applicability due to the need for an RF electromagnetic field. We model NZFMR and EDMR in Si/SiO2 metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) by including spin-dependent recombination and hyperfine interactions in stochastic Liouville equations. We find that to accurately describe both NZFMR and EDMR, both the defect spin and conduction spin has to interact with a bath of nuclear spins, which are assumed to be composed of combinations of 29Si and hydrogen.
Trust-Based Decision Making for Food-Energy-Water Actors

One of the examples for a field that involves significant decisions is Food-Energy-Water (FEW) sectors. The decisions in this sector can affect a large number of people, their results may not disappear in a short period of time, and multiple stakeholders are involved in the decision-making process. In this paper, we proposed an advanced decision support system for FEW actors and experimented scenarios including different solution proposal criteria and solution evaluation methods as well as scenarios with different trust sensitivities of the actors. Results showed that when actors follow proposal criteria considering their trust, proposed solutions receive a higher acceptance rate by the community. Also, when the actors are sensitive to the trust measured by the framework, they are more likely to propose move on to the solution with a higher acceptance rate.
Bilateral Ocular Necrotizing Fasciitis in an Immunosuppressed Patient on Prescription Eye Drops

Preseptal cellulitis is an infection of ocular tissue that is often unilateral and caused by extension of sinonasal disease. In rare instances it can lead to life-threatening necrotizing fasciitis. We present here a unique case of bilateral preseptal cellulitis incited by local conjunctivitis caused by prescription eye drops. The patient was immunosuppressed, which allowed her local inflammation to progress to severe infection and, ultimately, to necrotizing fasciitis. This necessitated serial debridement by ophthalmology and otolaryngology teams and a prolonged course of intravenous antibiotics monitored by an infectious disease team. Despite these interventions, the patient's vision did not return to baseline and she had persistent cosmetic and functional deformity. This case is unique due to the inciting incident of new prescription eye drops, the patient's immunosuppressed state leading to severity of infection, and the severe bilateral disease burden.
Rational Construction of an Artificial Binuclear Copper Monooxygenase in a Metal-Organic Framework.

Artificial enzymatic systems are extensively studied to mimic the structures and functions of their natural counterparts. However, there remains a significant gap between structural modeling and catalytic activity in these artificial systems. Herein we report a novel strategy for the construction of an artificial binuclear copper monooxygenase starting from a Ti metal-organic framework (MOF). The deprotonation of the hydroxide groups on the secondary building units (SBUs) of MIL-125(Ti) (MIL = Materiaux de l'Institut Lavoisier) allows for the metalation of the SBUs with closely spaced CuI pairs, which are oxidized by molecular O2 to afford the CuII2(μ2-OH)2 cofactor in the MOF-based artificial binuclear monooxygenase Ti8-Cu2. An artificial mononuclear Cu monooxygenase Ti8-Cu1 was also prepared for comparison. The MOF-based monooxygenases were characterized by a combination of thermogravimetric analysis, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopy. In the presence of coreductants, Ti8-Cu2 exhibited outstanding catalytic activity toward a wide range of monooxygenation processes, including epoxidation, hydroxylation, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, and sulfoxidation, with turnover numbers of up to 3450. Ti8-Cu2 showed a turnover frequency at least 17 times higher than that of Ti8-Cu1. Density functional theory calculations revealed O2 activation as the rate-limiting step in the monooxygenation processes. Computational studies further showed that the Cu2 sites in Ti8-Cu2 cooperatively stabilized the Cu-O2 adduct for O-O bond cleavage with 6.6 kcal/mol smaller free energy increase than that of the mononuclear Cu sites in Ti8-Cu1, accounting for the significantly higher catalytic activity of Ti8-Cu2 over Ti8-Cu1.
The Guardian Trustee in Bankruptcy Courts and Beyond

Litigation systems create dangers of unfairness. Citizens worry, and should worry, about exploitive settlements in aggregate litigation, potential biases in administrative proceedings, and troubling power imbalances in criminal trials. Public confidence in adjudicative processes has eroded to an all-time low. This Article explores the untapped potential of adding independent watchdog entities to address systemic threats to the integrity of government decisionmaking. These entities, which I call “guardian trustees,” do not fit within the traditional framework of our adversary system. Though guardian trustees already operate in bankruptcy proceedings, they have thus far received little attention in scholarly literature. This Article begins the work of highlighting the contributions of these entities and their promise for restoring confidence in at-risk systems. In bankruptcy, the United States Trustee serves as an independent guardian trustee of systemic integrity. Congress created the U.S. Trustee Program in response to waning trust in the early bankruptcy system. Building upon the example of the U.S. Trustee, this Article identifies the qualities of effective guardian trustees, and addresses questions relating to their design and powers. It then highlights, as a general matter, elements of systems that may merit incorporation of a guardian trustee, and introduces aggregate litigation as an ideal environment to deploy the concept. Finally, this Article identifies additional situations that could benefit from the creation of a guardian trustee, including administrative agency enforcement and the problems raised by plea bargains and prosecutorial misconduct in the criminal process. In part by identifying and addressing potential pitfalls of expanding the guardian trustee concept and outlining a path to implementation, this Article sets the stage for the American legal system to employ the guardian trustee.
Understanding the Impact of Intimate Partner Violence Type and Timing on Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Knowledge, Acceptability, Sexual Behavior, and Gender Roles Among Women of Color:

Knowledge and acceptability are key factors for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among women with a history of intimate partner violence (IPV) and research suggests that different types of IPV a...
Understanding the Source of the Sino-Islamic Intellectual Tradition: A Review Essay on the Sage Learning of Liu Zhi: Islamic Thought in Confucian Terms, by Sachiko Murata, William C. Chittick, and Tu Weiming, and Recent Chinese Literary Treasuries

A discussion of the approaches to Sino-Islamic texts and an outline of new approaches for future studies.
Alkyl-transition metal compounds

Abstract The interaction of tri(2,2,-dideutero-4-phenylbutyl)chromium and -iron with 1,7-octadiene and 3-phenylpropene, respectively, results in the formation of hydrogenation products (deutero-2-octene and 1,2-dideutero-3-phenylpropane) and isomerization products. These results prove the intermolecular transfer of hydrogen (deuterium) from the β-position of an alkyl group bonded to the metal to diene (olefin) substrate.
Anxiety sensitivity as a mediator of the relationship between moderate-intensity exercise and coping-oriented marijuana use motives.

The present study examined the working hypothesis that moderate-intensity exercise is associated with coping-oriented marijuana use motives through its association with the fear of somatic arousal (i.e., anxiety sensitivity). Using data from 146 young adult current marijuana users we found evidence consistent with this hypothesis. Specifically, moderate-intensity exercise was associated with coping-oriented use motives, even after controlling for frequency of current marijuana use and other co-occurring marijuana use motives. This relationship became nonsignificant after entering anxiety sensitivity as an additional predictor variable, denoting a putative mediational role for this cognitve factor. These findings extend previous work and offer support for the potential utility of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise for the treatment of marijuana use problems.
Malignant Mesothelioma Does Not Demonstrate Overexpression or Gene Amplification Despite Cytoplasmic Immunohistochemical Staining for c-Erb-B2

Abstract Background.—Previous studies have shown conflicting results regarding the expression of c-Erb-B2 in malignant mesothelioma. Overexpression of the c-erb-B2 gene product in a subset of mesothelioma may have prognostic or therapeutic implications. Objective.—To determine whether malignant mesothelioma demonstrates c-Erb-B2 overexpression and, if so, whether such overexpression correlates with gene amplification. Methods.—Immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and fluorescent in situ hybridization were used to analyze archived tissue from 37 cases of malignant mesothelioma. Results.—Although immunohistochemical staining for c-Erb-B2 was detected in most mesotheliomas, the staining was cytoplasmic and was not consistent between the 2 different primary antibodies used. Moreover, even cases with strong cytoplasmic staining for c-Erb-B2 did not demonstrate increased messenger RNA levels or gene copy numbers compared to cases that demonstrated no staining. Conclusions.—Cyto...
Expanded indications for bariatric surgery: should patients on chronic steroids be offered bariatric procedures?

Abstract Background Patients who take chronic corticosteroids are increasingly referred for bariatric surgery. Little is known about their clinical outcomes. Objective Determine whether chronic steroid use is associated with increased morbidity and mortality after stapled bariatric procedures. Setting American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database. Methods All patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy or laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and were reported to the ACS-NSQIP from 2011 to 2013 were reviewed. Patients were grouped based on type of surgery and history of chronic steroid use. Primary outcome measures were mortality and serious morbidity in the first 30 days. Regression analyses were used to determine predictors of outcome. Results Of 23,798 patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and 38,184 who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, 385 (1.6%) and 430 (1.1%), respectively, were on chronic steroids. Patients on chronic steroids had a 3.4 times increased likelihood of dying within 30 days (95% confidence interval 1.4–8.1, P = .007), and 2-fold increased odds of serious complications (95% confidence interval 1.2–2.3, P = .008), regardless of surgery type. In multivariate regression, steroid usage remained an independent predictor of mortality and serious complications. Conclusion In a large, nationally representative patient database, steroid use independently predicted mortality and serious postoperative complications after stapled bariatric procedures. Surgeons should be cautious about offering stapled bariatric procedures to patients on chronic steroids.
What was wrong with the old institutional economics (and what is still wrong with the new)

This paper is a comparison and critique of the old and the new institutional economics, with principal focus on the former. The paper argues that the old institutional economics (OIE) lacks methodological consistency and overall persuasiveness because of the preconceptions it took from the philosophy of pragmatism and its late nineteenth-century attitude towards science. The paper starts from the methodological problem posted by Thorstein Veblen; argues that the OIE was never able to solve that problem; and then poses a resolution of Veblen's dilemma in terms of a ‘benchmark’ programme useful in appraising both the OIE and the NIE. The paper also argues that the most appealing areas of OIE rhetoric–institutions and evolution–do not distinguish that programme from the NIE. What distinguishes the OIE are the less appealing doctrines of holism and instrumental valuing. The paper closes with a brief critique of the neoclassical core of the NIE.
Long-term effects in vegetation and soils at two 19th century iron furnace sites in southeastern Ohio, USA

Abstract Deciduous forests are regenerating following industrial disturbance in large areas of eastern North America and western Europe. To understand the long-term process of forest regeneration, the microenvironment and flora of post-industrial plots were compared with non-industrial controls at two 19th century iron furnace sites in southeastern Ohio, USA. Post-industrial plots had a shrub and canopy structure similar to controls, and showed comparable litter cover, soil organic content, and bulk density. Post-industrial and control plots remained clearly distinguishable in soil moisture, pH, and cation concentrations, however, consistent with leaching from industrial waste. Post-industrial areas were dominated by shade-tolerant plant species typical of long-established second-growth forest in the region, suggesting functional suitability of the industrial soils and an abundance of potential colonists. Open-habitat species persisted in post-industrial plots, showing a significantly higher richness and abundance than control plots. Annual growth increments showed later establishment of canopy tree species in the post-industrial plots, suggesting that the presence of open-habitat species reflected delayed canopy closure in the post-industrial area. Slag, clinker, iron–ore, and terrace microsites consistently differed in species composition within the post-industrial areas despite their relatively small size and close proximity. Thus, industrial effects appear to be perpetuated by long-term persistence of species distributions and hitherto unsuspected sensitivity to physical and chemical gradients. Forest composition and spatial structure retain a distinctive industrial character even 120 years after abandonment.
A NEW APPROACH TO CORRELATE TEXTURAL AND COOKING PARAMETERS WITH OPERATING CONDITIONS DURING DOUBLE‐SIDED COOKING OF MEAT PATTIES

Fil: Zorrilla, Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnologico para la Industria Quimica. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnologico para la Industria Quimica; Argentina