cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fully Lagrangian Floats in Labrador Sea Deep Convection: Comparison of Numerical and Experimental Results

Measurements of deep convection from fully Lagrangian floats deployed in the Labrador Sea during February and March 1997 are compared with results from model drifters embedded in a large eddy simulation (LES) of the rapidly deepening mixed layer. The deep Lagrangian floats (DLFs) have a large vertical drag, and are designed to nearly match the density and compressibility of seawater. The high-resolution numerical simulation of deep convective turbulence uses initial conditions and surface forcing obtained from in situ oceanic and atmospheric observations made by the R/V Knorr. The response of model floats to the resolved large eddy fields of buoyancy and velocity is simulated for floats that are 5 g too buoyant, as well as for floats that are correctly ballasted. Mean profiles of potential temperature, Lagrangian rates of heating and acceleration, vertical turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), vertical heat flux, potential temperature variance, and float probability distribution functions (PDFs) are compared for actual and model floats. Horizontally homogeneous convection, as represented by the LES model, accounts for most of the first and second order statistics from float observations, except that observed temperature variance is several times larger than model variance. There are no correspondingly large differences in vertical TKE, heat flux, or mixed layer depth. The augmented temperature variance may be due to mixing across large-scale temperature and salinity gradients that are largely compensated in buoyancy. The rest of the DLF statistics agree well with the response of correctly ballasted model floats in the lowest 75% of the mixed layer, and are less consistent with results from buoyantly ballasted model floats. Other differences between observation and simulation in the mean profiles of heat flux, vertical TKE, and Lagrangian heating and vertical acceleration rates are confined to the upper quarter of the mixed layer. These differences are small contributions to layer-averaged quantities, but represent statistically significant profile features. Larger observed values of heat flux and vertical TKE in the upper quarter of the mixed layer are more consistent with model floats ballasted light. Float buoyancy, however, cannot fully account for the observed PDFs, temperature profiles, and Lagrangian rates of heating and acceleration. A test of Lagrangian self-consistency comparing vertical TKE and Lagrangian acceleration also shows that DLF measurements are not significantly affected by excess float buoyancy. These upper mixed layer features may instead be due to the interaction of wind-driven currents and baroclinicity.
The Importance of Puberty in Adolescent Development

Adolescence is a good time to study the influences of physiology and social environmental factors within the family because it is a time of major biological change with substantial implications for psychological change. Puberty represents a key transition in psychological function, and many studies of adolescent development consider the effects of puberty. Key questions concern mechanisms by which puberty affects psychological function and the psychological consequences and antecedents of variations in pubertal timing. Examples of these questions are considered in this chapter, with consideration of the ways in which they can be integrated with behavior genetics studies.
Can Tocqueville Karaoke? Global Contrasts of Citizen Participation, the Arts and Development, by Terry Nichols Clark and Coauthors

Arts and cultural activities are increasingly visible in U.S. cities, and there is growing interest in how these activities and their constituents affect the pattern of urban development in democra...
Knowledge, Retention, and Attitude Effects of Computer-Assisted Instruction

The effects of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) and lecture upon knowledge, retention, and attitudes of baccalaureate nursing students were compared in this research study. Retention was of particular interest, since few nursing CAI studies have investigated this concept. A two-group posttest design with a second posttest eight months later was used. Lesson content for both the CAI and lecture groups was the nursing research problem. The CAI group used an interactive tutorial written in BASIC. The lecture group was presented the same content using transparencies. There were no significant differences in knowledge, retention, or attitudes between the CAI and lecture group. Attitudes toward CAI were positive. CAI is as effective as lecture for learning knowledge and retention.
Review Article: The future of knee ligament surgery.

A large number of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions are being performed each year around the world (estimated between 75,000 to 100,000 cases in the United States alone). However the question remains: ‘how perfect are current operative techniques?’ Numerous techniques have been introduced to the literature, but success rates for longterm clinical outcome can still not exceed 85–90%.4,5,19 The global perspective on ACL reconstruction shows that more then 20 different surgical techniques are available today and that more then five different grafts are currently being used with different rehabilitation protocols and different outcome assessments. At the recently held Panther Sports Medicine Symposium (Pittsburgh, PA, USA, May 4–6, 2000), 14 specialists in knee ligament reconstruction presented their graft choices and preferred techniques for ACL reconstruction on a global panel consisting of experts from five continents. Interestingly, about 50% of the experts were in favor of the hamstring tendons, 50% preferred the B-PT-B graft, and two-thirds of the surgeons used multiple grafts. There was a discussion about several possibilities for fixation of grafts that have undergone an evolutionary process in the past two decades. Especially for hamstring tendons, we still have not yet found the perfect solution. However, talking about different grafts keeps us from addressing the real dilemma: ‘the perfect graft does not yet exist!’ This perfect graft would reproduce insertion sites and biomechanics, provide biological incorporation, and resume neuromuscular control.
Role of coordination geometry in dictating the barrier to hydride migration in d6 square-pyramidal iridium and rhodium pincer complexes.

Syntheses of the olefin hydride complexes [(POCOP)M(H)(olefin)][BArf4] (6a-M, M = Ir or Rh, olefin = C2H4; 6b-M, M = Ir or Rh, olefin = C3H6; POCOP = 2,6-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinito)benzene; BArf = tetrakis(3,5-trifluoromethylphenyl)borate) are reported. A single-crystal X-ray structure determination of 6b-Ir shows a square-pyramidal coordination geometry for Ir, with the hydride ligand occupying the apical position. Dynamic NMR techniques were used to characterize these complexes. The rates of site exchange between the hydride and the olefinic hydrogens yielded ΔG⧧ = 15.6 (6a-Ir), 16.8 (6b-Ir), 12.0 (6a-Rh), and 13.7 (6b-Rh) kcal/mol. The NMR exchange data also established that hydride migration in the propylene complexes yields exclusively the primary alkyl intermediate arising from 1,2-insertion. Unexpectedly, no averaging of the top and bottom faces of the square-pyramidal complexes is observed in the NMR spectra at high temperatures, indicating that the barrier for facial equilibration is >20 kcal/m...
Synthesis and Characterization of a Bis(imino)-N-heterocyclic Carbene Analogue to Bis(imino)pyridine Iron Complexes

New bis(imino)-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands have been synthesized, and the corresponding iron complexes have been isolated and characterized. Whereas imidazole-derived complexes exhibited exclusively bidentate binding modes, 4,5,6-trihydropyrimidylidene-based ligands adopted a tridentate pincer conformation analogous to complexes of 2,6-bis(imino)pyridines. Bonding in the five-coordinate bis(imino)-N-heterocyclic carbene complex displayed considerably contracted iron–ligand bond distances in comparison to those in the analogous bis(imino)pyridine iron complex. Of particular note was an extraordinarily short iron–carbene carbon bond distance (1.812(2) A). In addition to demonstrating differences in bonding, the isoelectronic structures have different electrochemical properties that reflect the ability of the carbene to stabilize both oxidized and reduced forms of the parent organometallic species.
Program analysis and transformation in mathematical programming

Over the years, mathematical models have become increasingly complex. Rarely can we accurately model a process using only linear or quadratic functions. Instead, we must employ complicated routines written in some programming language. At the same time, most algorithms rely on the ability to exploit structural features within a model. Thus, our ability to compute with a model directly relates to our ability to analyze it. Mathematical programs exemplify these difficult modeling issues. Our desire to accurately model a process is mediated by our ability to solve the resulting problem. Nonetheless, many problems contain hidden structural features that, when identified, allow us to transform the problem into a more computable form. Thus, we must develop methods that not only recognize these hidden features, but exploit them by transforming one problem formulation into another. We present a new domain specific language for mathematical programming. The goal of this language is to develop a system of techniques that allow us to automatically determine the structure of a problem then transform it into a more desirable form. Our technical contribution to this area includes the grammar, type system, and semantics of such a language. Then, we use these tools to develop a series of transformations that manipulate the mathematical model.
Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristiestics of Hand-foot-mouth Disease in Huimin District of Huhehaote city from 2008 to 2011

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristiestics of Hand-foot-mouth disease in Huimin District of huhehaote city,and provide scientific evidence for controlling and preventing measures.Methods:Collected the data of hand-foot-mouth disease in Huimin District from 2008 to 2011and analyzed the data by descriptive epidemiology method.Result:The incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease was 172.5/105 in Huimin District from 2008 to 2011.1169 male cases,954 female cases were reported.The ratio between male and female was 1.2:1 died and the case-fatality rate was 0.05%.The cases were reported in all countries and agencies,There were significant differences of the HFMD incidences among the countries and agencies(χ2=59.77,P0.05).The peak of hand-foot-mouth disease was from June to July.Patients aged 0 to 50 years old.Cases were between 1 to 5 years old 81.3%.Conclusion:The incidence of HFMD is at a high level in Huimin District from 2008 to 2011.HFMD surveillance should be strengthened children less than 5 years old.Pathogen detection should be enhanced.
DISCUSSION ON SUPPORTING TECHNIQUE OF DEEP FOUNDATION PIT FOR STATIONS ON NO.I LINE OF GUANGZHOU METRO

There are 16 stations on the No.I line of the Guangzhou Metro with a total length of 18.48 km.A lot of supporting techniques for the deep foundation pit were used in the construction of Guangzhou metro's 14 underground stations.Based on the investigation and research of these supporting techniques in construction site,the paper expounds the different mode of the supporting structures and their construction methods,and analyzes their application effects.The corresponding conclusions on the supporting design and construction methods for deep foundation pit which are suitable for different geological conditions of Guangzhou metro are also proposed.
NONAXISYMMETRIC CASING ON AXIAL-FLOW COMPRESSORS

A nonaxisymmetric casing was designed and studied on one tip critical subsonic compressor rotor.Both steady and unsteady CFD simulations are conducted for investigating its impact to rotor performance and stall margin.The unsteady interaction between the nonaxisymmetric casing and the main flow was presented.Preliminary design principle of nonaxisymmetric casing on subsonic axial compressor is summarized.For compressor rotor being studied,the performance of the nonaxisym- metric casing was compared with the circumferential grooved casing,and the slotted casing.Result shows,due to its effectively utilizing of the local favorable pressure gradient,and its smooth contour, the nonaxisymmetric casing can improve the rotor stall margin without sacrifice its performance.The potential of using nonaxisymmetric casing to improve compressor performance deserves more research in the future.
The distribution of distinct integrins in focal contacts is determined by the substratum composition

The distribution of two integrins, the fibronectin receptor and the vitronectin receptor, has been explored in an endothelium-derived cell line plated onto various substrata. On a fibronectin substratum, in the presence of serum, these cells develop focal contacts that contain the fibronectin receptor, whereas the vitronectin receptor is diffusely distributed over the cell surface. Conversely, cells plated onto vitronectin-coated coverslips concentrate only the vitronectin receptor within focal contacts. The accumulation of the vitronectin receptor within focal contacts also occurs when the cells are plated on uncoated coverslips but in the presence of serum. Therefore, we conclude that under normal culture conditions (i.e. in serum-containing media), the vitronectin receptor is the predominant form of integrin involved in substratum adhesion. This conclusion is supported by experiments in which cells were cultured on fibronectin-coated coverslips in the presence of serum. Initially these cells developed focal contacts containing only the fibronectin receptor. Within several hours, however, there was a progressive replacement of focal contacts containing the fibronectin receptor by focal contacts expressing the vitronectin receptor. After approximately 12 h in culture, most cells contained focal contacts expressing only the vitronectin receptor. Focal contacts containing either the fibronectin or vitronectin receptor were both associated with the termini of stress fibres and contained the proteins talin and vinculin. These observations lead us to propose that the cell does not discriminate between these different integrins when assembling the cytoskeletal components at the cytoplasmic face of focal contacts.
Membrane Trafficking in Neuronal Development: Ins and Outs of Neural Connectivity

During development, neurons progress through rapid yet stereotypical shape changes to achieve proper neuronal connectivity. This morphological progression requires carefully orchestrated plasma membrane expansion, insertion of membrane components including receptors for extracellular cues into the plasma membrane and removal and trafficking of membrane materials and proteins to specific locations. This review outlines the cellular machinery of membrane trafficking that play an integral role in neuronal cell shape change and function from initial neurite formation to pathway navigation and synaptogenesis.
Thermal-energy conversion: Under pressure

The conversion of low-grade waste heat into electrical energy is an attractive opportunity to harvest a sustainable energy resource. A thermo-osmotic energy conversion process that uses Earth-abundant materials has now been shown to convert waste heat into electrical energy from sources at temperatures as low as 40 °C.
Patriotic Performance Culture and Whiteness: The Trope of Old Glory in Cuba

Following the loss of the USS Maine, there was an explosion of patriotic performance as the US public first demanded and then prepared for war. Flag-waving and chants, public events and amusements, theatrical skits and numerous songs that called to “Remember the Maine” were common fare. And the US flag was everywhere; the object performance of “Old Glory” was not limited to fervent public display but also saturated the stage and popular media, including what may be the first “American war film,” which depicts the US ensign being raised in place of the Spanish colors in Cuba. (James Castonguay, “The Spanish-American War in U.S. Media Culture,” in Hollywood and War, the Film Reader, ed. J. David Slocum (New York: Routledge, 2006)). The massive military spectacle of preparation for the war effort was itself dramatic: Teddy Roosevelt’s “Rough Riders,” a regiment of almost 800 men and an equal number of horses, made its way by train from San Antonio, where the men had trained, to Tampa for deployment to Cuba. Thousands flocked to the southern stations where the volunteer regiment frequently stopped to care for its horses; in his 1899 memoir, The Rough Riders, Roosevelt describes the scenario as one of prideful excitement: “Everywhere the people came out to greet us and cheer us. They brought us flowers; they brought us watermelons and other fruits, and sometimes jugs and pails of milk […].” (Theodore Roosevelt, The Rough Riders (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1899), 53). All told, over 300,000 men in enlisted units were deployed to the island from all over the country and thousands more organized themselves in multiple volunteer regiments (Approximately 306,760 military personnel deployed for battle in the “Spanish-American War.” Total casualties, according to US statistics, state that almost 2500 personnel died in active duty, but only 369 in battle, with most of the remaining caused by Yellow Fever. Federation of American Scientists, “American War and Military Operations Casualties: Lists and Statistics,” FAS.org, www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL32492.pdf. There were also hundreds of volunteer regiments).
Candidate Extremity, Information Environments, and Affective Polarization: Three Experiments Using Dynamic Process Tracing

There is much debate about the extent and type of polarization in the United States. While it is not clear whether Americans are ideologically more polarized and hold more extreme opinions on political issues, there is evidence that America’s elected officials are more divided along party lines, and that there is an affective rift between members of the two major parties. In this chapter, we test the effects of the new media environment on affective polarization. More specifically, we examine whether the ability to customize one’s information environment (via selective exposure to news) increases affective polarization. We present the results from three experiments where we simulate a political campaign and manipulate the media environment as well as the political polarization of the candidates running for office. The experiments are programmed using dynamic process tracing technology (DPTE) which allows us to track selective exposure to information, and to assess its effect on the affective rating of the competing candidates.
Safety in Athletics

(1938). Safety in Athletics. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 306-326.
The influence of evolution and plasticity on the behavior of an invasive crayfish

Invasion success can be enhanced by evolution and behavioral plasticity, but the importance of these processes for most invasions is not well understood. Previous research suggests there is a genetic basis for differences in growth rate between native and invaded range rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus). We hypothesized that invaded range O. rusticus achieve faster growth by allocating more time to foraging and less to defense. We conducted a laboratory experiment to test the effects of range (native or invaded) and plasticity (as induced by exposure to predators) on crayfish behavior. We collected O. rusticus adults and eggs from both ranges, hatched eggs in the lab, and reared juveniles in common conditions either with or without predatory fish. We then quantified adult and juvenile crayfish activity in an experiment with and without predatory fish. In support of our hypothesis, invaded range adults displayed reduced antipredator behavior compared to native range adults. Further, invaded range juveniles were more active than native range juveniles without predators, but all juveniles were inactive with predators. In addition, invaded range juveniles had greater plasticity in behavior than native range juveniles. These results suggest that activity level in the absence of predators has diverged in the invaded range. Because active crayfish consume more prey, this change in behavior may be responsible for rapid growth in the invaded range of O. rusticus, a trait that contributes to the strong ecological impacts of this invasive crayfish.
New pieces to an old puzzle: identifying the warfarin-binding site that prevents clotting.

Warfarin has been the most widely prescribed anticoagulant for decades. It functions by inhibiting the membrane enzyme vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR), but the molecular details of this effect have remained elusive. Two new studies shed light on the warfarin-VKOR interaction. The work has implications for precision medicine and could guide drug discovery.
Exploring energetics of dirhodium paddlewheel complexes with π-ligands of different topologies

Abstract The first comprehensive theoretical exploration of the energetics of the interaction between π-ligands with isolated multiple carbon-carbon bonds (acetylene and ethylene), aromatic (benzene), planar polyaromatic (naphthalene, acenaphthalene, pyrene), curved polyaromatic (corannulene) and closed-cage C60-fullerene systems and Lewis acidic [Rh2(O2CCF3)4] complex has been carried out. Importantly, two energy decomposition schemes (EDA-NOCV and NBO-NEDA) that are based on very different approaches and algorithms were utilized in order to shed light on the energy and nature of bonding. The total bonding energy was sequentially represented as a combination of attractive covalent (ΔEorb and ECT in EDA and NBO approaches, respectively) and ionic (ΔEelstat and EEL), as well as repulsive (ΔEPauli and ECO) terms. This approach provides a balanced and complete picture of bonding between two (or more) interacting molecular fragments. All computational methods applied unambiguously indicate that the actual stability of adducts formed by unsaturated hydrocarbons with the selected Lewis acidic dirhodium complex is indeed a multifaceted phenomenon. Important contributions come from a different interplay between attractive (ΔEorb vs. ΔEelstat or ECT vs. EEL) and repulsive (ΔEPauli or ECO) components of the bonding and from variations in aromatic behavior of the selected π-systems.
Crisis Continued: Cable news, American exceptionalism, and discourses of danger

In January 2016, Iran detained 10 US sailors who had drifted into Iranian territory, releasing them 15 hours later after intense diplomatic activity. This article explores the discursive choices evident over three days of broadcast and cable news coverage of the incident to illuminate ideological stances common to several of the reports, with emphasis on two clips from CNN and Fox News that bear significant formal distinctions concealing close substantive similarities. The analysis calls into question dominant views on the ideological positioning of US cable news networks and the discursive emphases among varying journalistic formats, with implications for US domestic politics and global relations.
Eyes on the street: The life of Jane Jacobs, by Robert Kanigel

Most people, if they know the name Jane Jacobs, know her from her seminal work, The Death and Life of Great American Cities (Jacobs, 1961). Some will be familiar with her forays into economics incl...
Social and Cultural Barriers to Women’s Participation in Pap Smear Screening Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Latin American and Caribbean Countries: An Integrative Review

Purpose: Pap smear screening programs have been ineffective in reducing cervical cancer mortality in most Latin American and Caribbean countries, in part due to low screening rates. The purpose of ...
A design space representation of stiffened shear webs

A stiffened shear web, consisting of a thin plate (referred to simply as the web) attached to longitudinal members (or flanges) and supported by a series of transverse stiffeners, buckles in a mode involving both the web and stiffeners, at a shear stress which also depends on the restraint between the web and flanges. With increasing stiffener size changes in the mode of buckling occur until, at a certain critical value of the flexural stiffness of the stiffener, buckling is largely confined to the web between stiffeners, and the buckling coefficient is then practically constant. The buckling coefficient reduces to that of an unstiffened flat plate with decreasing stiffener size. Engineering Sciences Data Item 02.03.02 plots buckling coefficients for long shear webs with uniform, equally-spaced stiffeners. The curves are based on work by Stein and Fralich, for stiffeners of zero torsional rigidity and simply-supported longitudinal edges, and on a more recent series of papers by Cook and Rockey (listed in the Data Item) which extend the analysis to clamped, as well as simply-supported, webs and also include the torsional rigidity of the stiffeners.
Career Development in Pediatric Critical Care Medicine

While the clinical disciplines who practice in the pediatric critical care unit are increasing, this chapter focuses primarily on physician career development, because research for the other medical disciplines is currently limited… Nonetheless, many of the career opportunities discussed in this chapter are also available to nurse practitioners and physician assistants. It is important to consider a career in “epochs”, recognizing that career expertise develops over time, and focus may change. Never before have had so many opportunities existed in critical care. It is the skills sets we use as intensivists, which help us develop, not only as clinicians, but as educators, basic scientists, administrators, trialists, implementation scientists, patient safety and quality improvement specialists, and medical informatics officers.
X-Ray and Neutron Interferometry: Basic Principles and Applications

Interferometry is based on the idea of creating spatially separated coherent beams, which can be brought together and produce interference effects. Optical interferometry is a well established field. Coherent beams can be realized by using half-reflecting glass slides, and easily manipulated and directed along assigned directions by mirrors. The same optical elements cannot be used in the X-ray region, and this is the reason why we had to wait until 1965 before we could see an X-ray interferometer in operation (Bonse and Hart, 1965a; 1965b.
Modeling and Control of Tumor Growth

The effects of radiotherapy (as well as those of chemotherapy [7]) on the growth of solid tumors, while the subject of intensive experimental and clinical research in recent years, involve as yet unidentified and poorly understood biophysical mechanisms. Thus the choice of “best” therapy programs is a matter which involves great difficulties. To this date no one has proposed a cellular kinetic model that has gained wide acceptance. However, there have been numerous attempts at deriving mathematical models for tumor growth and general cell population kinetics (e.g., see the surveys [7,49,172] and their bibliographies). We shall present here a partial review (this is certainly not an exhaustive survey) of some of these mathematical models along with an account of recent efforts in this area which involve the use of control theory.
It’s About Time: An Examination of Loss Reserve Development Time Horizons

A rich body of academic research has addressed the question of earnings management in the property-casualty insurance industry via manipulation of loss reserve estimates. This study analyzes the variability of reserve estimates at different development horizons to determine whether the predominant practice of relying on five years of development is appropriate. We examine two common measures of reserve estimation error, calendar year development and accident year development, and compare and contrast the two approaches. We also consider the appropriateness of the common practice of aggregating lines of business. After examining reserve development patterns for each of the major lines of business, we conclude that the appropriate development horizon to adequately establish ultimate liability may be longer than the current maximum reported horizon of 10 years found in Schedule P for most lines of business, including the aggregate reserves. Although longer-term development horizons are necessary to establish...
Civilian research on chemical medical countermeasures.

The increasing risk of a terrorist attack in the United States involving toxic chemicals has created new challenges for many programs across the federal government. Threat agents, including toxic i...
Definition and Coordination of Roles and Responsibilities Among Cancer Center Clinic and Research Personnel.

PURPOSE:Effective enrollment and treatment of patients in cancer clinical trials require definition and coordination of roles and responsibilities among clinic and research personnel.MATERIALS AND ...
Topological field theory of dynamical systems. II

This paper is a continuation of the study [Chaos.22.033134] of the relation between the stochastic dynamical systems (DS) and the Witten-type topological field theories (TFT). Here, it is discussed that the stochastic expectation values of a DS must be complemented on the TFT side by (−1)F, where F is the ghost number operator. The role of this inclusion is to unfold the natural path-integral representation of the TFT, i.e., the Witten index that equals up to a topological constant to the partition function of the stochastic noise, into the physical partition function of TFT/DS. It is also shown that on the DS side, the TFT's wavefunctions are the conditional probability densities.
Temporal characteristics of fortis stops and affricates in Tyap and Jju

The phonetic correlates of the phonological contrast between prevocalic fortis consonants and lenis ones in Tyap and Jju include temporal differences. Minimal pairs of words differing in the fortisness of the initial stop or affricate were produced by two speakers of each of the two languages and were analyzed spectrographically. For both languages, the results showed closure durations to be quite similar for fortis and lenis counterparts, but the durations of the following aspiration or fricative noise were significantly longer for the fortis consonant than for its lenis counterpart.
An explicit scheme to enforce charge conservation in transient Particle-in-Cell simulations with Maxwell-Boltzmann electrons

Abstract The Maxwell-Boltzmann electron model is a very popular approximation of the electronic behavior in electrostatic plasmas, adopted in all cases where the electron dynamics is governed only by a balance between electric and pressure forces. In such a model, the electron dynamics is reduced to solving for a nonlinear Poisson problem together with an additional expression enforcing charge conservation. In this work we derive an expression of charge conservation which can be conveniently applied to explicit schemes to update the reference Boltzmann density, particularly useful when simulating plasma sheaths. The scheme can be equally applied to both steady-state and transient problems. Two examples are shown, a steady-state plasma sheath, and a radio-frequency magnetic presheath. Our proposed scheme allows to enforce global charge conservation locally in time, and can thus be applied to the simulation of transient phenomena.
THE ROLE OF EKG IN RAISING EARLY SUSPICION OF AN ENDOCARDITIS COMPLICATION

When AV node conduction abnormalities manifest on EKG in patients with suspected infective endocarditis, abscess of the adjacent aortic root should always be suspected as a complication of endocarditis. A 50-year-old gentleman with a history of coronary artery disease status post CABG and aortic
The efficacy of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate in suppressing status epilepticus in developing rats

Abstract Purpose Treatment of pediatric status epilepticus (SE) remains challenging as up to 50 % of patients are refractory to conventional anti-seizure medications. The glycolytic intermediate, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP), has been reported to exert significant anticonvulsant effects in both adult animals and in in vitro models of seizures. This study aims to examine FBP efficacy in controlling seizures in a rat model of juvenile SE. Methods Sprague Dawley rats (P11-P17) were injected with pilocarpine (300 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce SE, which was monitored by video-electroencephalography (v-EEG). Thirty minutes into SE, FBP was administrated (500 or 1000 mg/kg, i.p.). v-EEG recording was continued for ∼60 additional minutes to assess the anticonvulsant effect of FBP, compared with vehicle (saline) treatment. Results SE consistently occurred in rat pups 10−15 min after pilocarpine injection and persisted over the 90-min recording period. Neither saline nor a lower dose of FBP (500 mg/kg) treatment stopped behavioral and electrographic seizures. At higher doses (1000 mg/kg), FBP terminated SE in ∼15 min in 60 % (6 of 10) of the rat pups. Conclusion The endogenous glycolytic metabolite, FBP, promptly suppresses ongoing seizure activity and represents a potential alternative metabolic therapy to improve the treatment of SE in the juvenile age range.
NMDA Receptor Alterations After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Induce Deficits in Memory Acquisition and Recall.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) presents a significant health concern with potential persisting deficits that can last decades. Although a growing body of literature improves our understanding o...
Finite-Sample Analysis of Multi-Agent Policy Evaluation with Kernelized Gradient Temporal Difference

In this work we will provide a finite-sample analysis of a distributed gradient temporal difference algorithm for policy evaluation with value functions that lie in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces (RKHS). This work focuses on multi-agent systems where each agent observes a private reward and agents can only communicate with nearby neighbors under time varying networks. The main result is a time-evolving upper bound of the second order error statistics of the algorithm, which accounts for the evolution of the consensus error as well as the average approximation error. This result shows that the distributed learning algorithm under consideration can achieve a bounded final error covariance that is inversely proportional to the algorithm step-size, which is consistent with results in the more general field of stochastic approximation.
Ceftiofur reduced Fusobacterium leading to uterine microbiota alteration in dairy cows with metritis.

Metritis is an inflammatory uterine disease found in ~ 20% of dairy cows after parturition and associated with uterine microbiota with high abundance of Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, and Porphyromonas. Ceftiofur is a common treatment, but the effect on uterine microbiota is poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the short-term impact of ceftiofur on uterine microbiota structure and function in cows with metritis. Eight cows received ceftiofur (CEF) and 10 remained untreated (CON). Uterine swabs were collected for PCR and metagenomic analysis at diagnosis before treatment (5 ± 1 DPP) and 2 days after diagnosis/treatment (7 ± 1 DPP) from the same individuals. Seven CEF and 9 CON passed quality control and were used for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Ceftiofur treatment resulted in uterine microbiota alteration, which was attributed to a decrease in relative abundance of Fusobacterium and in gene contents involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, whereas uterine microbiota diversity and genes involved in pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis increased. Ceftiofur treatment also reduced rectal temperature and tended to reduce total bacteria in the uterus. However, other uterine pathogens such as Bacteroides and Porphyromonas remained unchanged in CEF. The blaCTX-M gene was detected in 37.5% of metritic cows tested but was not affected by CEF. We found that β-hydroxybutyric acid, pyruvic acid, and L-glutamine were preferentially utilized by Fusobacterium necrophorum according to metabolic activity with 95 carbon sources. Ceftiofur treatment leads to alterations in the uterine microbiota that were mainly characterized by reductions in Fusobacterium and genes involved in LPS biosynthesis, which may be associated with a decrease in rectal temperature. The increase in pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis indicates microbial response to metabolic stress caused by ceftiofur. Preference of Fusobacterium for β-hydroxybutyric acid may help to explain why this strain becomes dominant in the uterine microbiota of cows with metritis, and it also may provide a means for development of new therapies for the control of metritis in dairy cows.
Chandpur Enterprises Limited, Paper Division

The managing director of a steel plant faces the decision of how much of each raw material to order for the plant for the following month. Due to lower and upper bounds on the amounts of each raw material in a batch and varying amounts of electricity and time consumed for different raw materials, one can't simply use the cheapest raw material. A linear program and the solver optimization function of Excel will provide the optimal amounts that meet the constraints. Interestingly, the best mixture for a batch is not the best mixture for a monthly plan. Shadow prices indicate the value of relaxing constraints. The typical monthly model from a student will be nonlinear, although it can be written as a linear model. This case provides the basis for an introductory class on linear programming and linear versus nonlinear models. Excerpt UVA-QA-0761 Apr. 6, 2011 Chandpur Enterprises Limited, Steel Division On the night of July 11, 2007, Akshay Mittal, managing director of Chandpur Enterprises Limited (CEL), was staring at a sheet of numbers to decide on the raw materials requirement for the August production at his steel plant. He had recently joined his family business after completing his undergraduate degree in engineering. Only two weeks into the job, he had been asked to solve one of the plant's major problems: the plant manager's monthly decision to order the optimum quantity of more than half a dozen raw materials required for the following month's production. Made before the beginning of every month, it was a critical decision because the prices of raw materials fluctuated continually, and raw materials constituted more than 75% of the total cost of the final product. There was no formal procedure to help decide on the right combination of raw materials, and the plant manager used a rather arbitrary approach to decide the following month's raw materials consumption. Akshay had spent the last week looking at the last few months' information, which the plant manager had used to decide the raw materials order. In the past, the monthly profit had been about (Indian rupees) INR1.5 million. It was not difficult to see that one could increase the company's bottom line by a significant amount each month with a better approach. Akshay was keen to formalize this process once and for all. He had to make his decision for August's inventory today so he could order the required materials from suppliers the next morning. Otherwise, inventories wouldn't be on hand well in advance of the beginning of the following month. Background . . .
Normative-Affective Factors: Toward a New Decisionmaking Model

The author outlines a radically different decision-making model form the one widely used in Economics and in Psychology. Accordingly, most choices are made on the basis of emotional involvements and value commitments. Information processing is often excluded. In other areas of choices, emotions and values allow for some subsets of options to be rationally considered but ‘color’ them and/or short cut the deliberations. In a still other subset emotion/values require rational decision-making. Emotions and values are not necessarily disruptive; they have positive functions. Cognitivists’ objections to the concept of emotions are responded to. Problems of operationalization are raised. The question, if the concepts of emotions and values can be incorporated into the neoclassical paradigm, is explored.
Digital Platforms as Drivers of Innovation

Digital platforms have a lasting impact on the economic landscape of the twenty-first century. Whether communication, mobility, tourism or mechanical engineering, every industry bears a potential for platform business models. Nevertheless, it has become apparent that established companies often hesitate to take advantage of these opportunities and thus create space for digital giants and start-ups to enter the respective industry. In order to address digital platform business models in a targeted manner, a basic understanding of general concepts and mechanisms is required, which are outlined in this chapter.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Radiomics-Based Machine Learning Prediction of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in Equivocal PI-RADS 3 Lesions

Background While Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) 4 and 5 lesions typically warrant prostate biopsy and PI-RADS 1 and 2 lesions may be safely observed, PI-RADS 3 lesions are equivocal. Purpose To construct and cross-validate a machine learning model based on radiomics features from T2 -weighted imaging (T2 WI) of PI-RADS 3 lesions to identify clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), that is, pathological Grade Group ≥ 2. Study type Single-center retrospective study. Population A total of 240 patients were included (training cohort, n = 188, age range 43-82 years; test cohort, n = 52, age range 41-79 years). Eligibility criteria were 1) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted biopsy between 2015 and 2020; 2) PI-RADS 3 index lesion identified on multiparametric MRI; (3) biopsy performed within 1 year of MRI. The percentages of csPCa lesions were 10.6% and 15.4% in the training and test cohorts, respectively. Field strength/sequence A 3 T; T2 WI turbo-spin echo, diffusion-weighted spin-echo echo planar imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI with time-resolved T1-weighted imaging. Assessment Multislice volumes-of-interest (VOIs) were drawn in the PI-RADS 3 index lesions on T2 WI. A total of 107 radiomics features (first-order histogram and second-order texture) were extracted from the segmented lesions. Statistical tests A random forest classifier using the radiomics features as input was trained and validated for prediction of csPCa. The performance of the machine learning classifier, prostate specific antigen (PSA) density, and prostate volume for csPCa prediction was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results The trained random forest classifier constructed from the T2 WI radiomics features good and statistically significant area-under-the-curves (AUCs) of 0.76 (P = 0.022) for prediction of csPCa in the test set. Prostate volume and PSA density showed moderate and nonsignificant performance (AUC 0.62, P = 0.275 and 0.61, P = 0.348, respectively) for csPCa prediction in the test set. Conclusion The machine learning classifier based on T2 WI radiomic features demonstrated good performance for prediction of csPCa in PI-RADS 3 lesions. Evidence level 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: 2.
Spatial Correlation in Expected Returns in Commercial Real Estate Markets and the Role of Core Markets

This study is based on survey data on investor expectations for 40 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the US over the period from 2003:Q2 to 2014:Q2. The paper has two main objectives. These are firstly to identify whether expected rates of return across different commercial real estate markets are positively spatially correlated and secondly to analyze the role of core markets like New York, Washington, DC, Los Angeles, San Francisco and Chicago in the information-spreading process. All the tests conducted are conditional on the maintained hypothesis that expected returns across different markets are spatially uncorrelated. To carry out these tests, we regress a measure of excess return in each of the 40 markets on (contemporaneous) measures of expected returns in other markets, controlling for the interaction between (neighboring) markets. We find very large spatial interaction coefficients across different markets. Our basic estimates yield a spatial correlation coefficient of near one and statistically significant at standard levels. Chow tests allow rejection of the hypothesis that core markets like New York, Washington, DC, Los Angeles, San Francisco and Chicago are no different than markets like Cleveland, Columbus, Orlando, Pittsburgh, Salt Lake City, St. Louis and Tampa in explaining the covariances of the rates of return among different commercial real estate markets. Tests of structural change also imply that core markets currently play a more prominent role that in the paast in the transfer of information from one market to another.
Unsettling Settler Colonial Feelings Through Contemporary Indigenous Art Practice

In this article, we discuss contemporary art practices as avenues for disrupting settler colonial narratives; we explore how the practices developed and adopted by contemporary Native American and ...
SU‐F‐BRA‐16: Development of a Radiation Monitoring Device Using a Low‐Cost CCD Camera Following Radionuclide Therapy

Purpose: It is now commonplace to handle treatments of hyperthyroidism using iodine-131 as an outpatient procedure due to lower costs and less stringent federal regulations. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has currently updated release guidelines for these procedures, but there is still a large uncertainty in the dose to the public. Current guidelines to minimize dose to the public require patients to remain isolated after treatment. The purpose of this study was to use a low-cost common device, such as a cell phone, to estimate exposure emitted from a patient to the general public. Methods: Measurements were performed using an Apple iPhone 3GS and a Cs-137 irradiator. The charge-coupled device (CCD) camera on the phone was irradiated to exposure rates ranging from 0.1 mR/hr to 100 mR/hr and 30-sec videos were taken during irradiation with the camera lens covered by electrical tape. Interactions were detected as white pixels on a black background in each video. Both single threshold (ST) and colony counting (CC) methods were performed using MATLAB®. Calibration curves were determined by comparing the total pixel intensity output from each method to the known exposure rate. Results: The calibration curve showed a linear relationship above 5 mR/hr for both analysis techniques. The number of events counted per unit exposure rate within the linear region was 19.5 ± 0.7 events/mR and 8.9 ± 0.4 events/mR for the ST and CC methods respectively. Conclusion: Two algorithms were developed and show a linear relationship between photons detected by a CCD camera and low exposure rates, in the range of 5 mR/hr to 100-mR/hr. Future work aims to refine this model by investigating the dose-rate and energy dependencies of the camera response. This algorithm allows for quantitative monitoring of exposure from patients treated with iodine-131 using a simple device outside of the hospital.
Chinese named entity recognition based on multilevel linguistic features

This paper presents a Chinese named entity recognition system that employs the Robust Risk Minimization (RRM) classification method and incorporates the advantages of character-based and word-based models. From experiments on a large-scale corpus, we show that significant performance enhancements can be obtained by integrating various linguistic information (such as Chinese word segmentation, semantic types, part of speech, and named entity triggers) into a basic Chinese character based model. A novel feature weighting mechanism is also employed to obtain more useful cues from most important linguistic features. Moreover, to overcome the limitation of computational resources in building a high-quality named entity recognition system from a large-scale corpus, informative samples are selected by an active learning approach.