cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modernism, Satire and the Novel: The rule of outrage: Evelyn Waugh's Vile Bodies

Evelyn Waugh, even more than Wyndham Lewis, is probably the most enduring satirist among British modernists, though he rejected both labels for his own work. Yet while Lewis's reputation has undergone a triumphant rehabilitation in recent decades, Waugh still suffers from the preconception that his work is minor. Symptomatically, Fredric Jameson's Fables of Aggression , a book in part responsible for Lewis's soaring reputation, initiated its restorative project in 1979 precisely at Waugh's expense: “At best, in Britain today, [Lewis] retains a kind of national celebrity and is read as a more scandalous and explosive Waugh.” In other words, Waugh is merely a less scandalous and explosive Lewis – a less scandalous and explosive version, moreover, of the “old,” misread, unreconstructed Lewis, of Lewis the eccentric gadfly rather than of Lewis the radical innovator and analyst of modernity who emerges in Jameson's feverish study. Waugh's rejection of his contemporaries' emphasis on interiority and consciousness cannot wholly account for this omission, for this same rejection has been the very basis for the critical reinstallation of Lewis in the modernist canon. But Waugh has – despite some excellent critical efforts – yet to find a regular place in wider critical accounts of modernism. Located between the high and the low, he fits awkwardly into a narrative of the “great divide”; chronologically, he was born after the “men of 1914” but never belonged to the “Auden generation”; conservative but not extremist, his politics (unlike those of Lewis or Marinetti) have rarely proved interesting to dialecticians. Yet his sensibility exemplifies what I named the Uncle Fester Principle: the idea that modernism can be regarded as a kind of refusal of, or ambivalence toward, affective excess, particularly in the creation of or response to representations of suffering. It is therefore precisely as a satirist that Waugh is necessary to an account of modernism.
How Trustworthiness Seals Can Highlight Information and Influence Decisions

People making decisions require information about their options. Across a wide range of tasks, they receive information from diverse sources, such as the Web, print, radio and television. As the Internet Age progresses, each decision maker must increasingly assess the credibility of the author, the credibility of the evidence the author cites, and the credibility of the publisher in order to gauge the credibility of the information. We wanted to determine whether publishers and authors could affix “trustworthiness seals” to stated claims to increase their persuasiveness. We created pairs of descriptions for comparable options that employed no seals, some weak generic seals, and some strong seals guaranteeing veracity. Experimental subjects rated their preferences for each option promoted with an advertisement bearing some of these seals and also made forced choices between pairs of comparable options. The results show that all seals have a significant effect on perceived attractiveness of options and that the strong seals produce the greatest increase. This study suggests that authors, advertisers and publishers can significantly boost their effectiveness through an independent validation and by guaranteeing the truthfulness of their claims. This potential can pave the way for market mechanisms that reward truth-telling and improved tools for filtering information based on information credibility.
Granulocyte-platelet interactions and platelet fibrinogen receptor exposure.

We have examined the interaction of human granulocyte elastase with human platelets. Incubation of human platelets with human granulocyte elastase exposed active fibrinogen-binding sites as evidenced by 125I-labeled fibrinogen binding and spontaneous fibrinogen-induced platelet aggregation. The aggregation of platelets by fibrinogen occurred at low concentrations of human granulocyte elastase (0.5-1 microgram/ml). Platelets pretreated with human granulocyte elastase exposed an average of 10,500 fibrinogen binding sites per platelet, i.e., about one-third the number of binding sites exposed by optimal concentrations of ADP. With the use of a polyclonal antiplatelet membrane antibody, the glycoproteins IIb (GPIIb), IIIa (GPIIIa), and a 60,000-Da (60 kDa) protein (66 kDa in a reduced system) derived from GPIIIa were immunoprecipitated from the surface of detergent extracts of human 125I-radiolabeled platelets pretreated with increasing concentrations of human granulocyte elastase. Experiments performed by immunoblotting with use of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies directed to GPIIIa showed that pretreatment of human platelets with granulocyte elastase resulted in the appearance of an additional proteolytic derivative of GPIIIa migrating with an apparent molecular mass of 120 kDa in a nonreduced system. GPIIIa appears to be the preferred substrate of elastase, since GPIIb was not degraded by human granulocyte elastase. We conclude that 1) the proteolytic action of human granulocyte elastase on platelet GPIIIa results in the formation of two major hydrolytic products, and 2) human granulocyte elastase exposes active fibrinogen-binding sites associated with the GPIIb/GPIIIa complex, resulting in direct platelet aggregation by fibrinogen.
Chapter 2 Overview of measurement and characterization techniques for thermoelectric materials

Summary It is certainly no easy task to come up with highly reliable and accurate measurements, given all the parameters that must be measured to effectively determine ZT of a thermoelectric material. Many special errors and corrections for these thermoelectric materials must be taken into consideration. Thus, reports of materials that are only a few percent different from previous materials are not so convincing and of course are really not that much of a technological advancement in material performance. Many new researchers are coming into this field, and we remind them that much information concerning thermoelectric materials and the many excellent techniques for measuring their properties was developed in the late 1950s and 1960s. Careful investigation of the literature can provide valuable information and insight into the measurement of thermoelectric materials. The errors that can be made are sometimes very subtle and if we are to achieve much higher ZT materials, ZT ≈2–3, then we will have to be able to validate these numbers. Measuring standards, careful and accurate calibrations, and potential sharing of samples through “round robin” measurements are very important to eliminate erroneous information from being reported. There are, of course, other measurement techniques and apparatus that were not discussed in this overview, such as the slow AC technique for thermopower measurements ( Chaikin and Kwak, 1975 ) and other techniques that use slowly varying temperature methods ( Maldonado, 1992 ) just to name a couple of the more common methods. Researchers will have to judge for themselves which of the various techniques is the most appropriate for a given set of materials and for the equipment available to perform these measurements. We hope that this paper is informative both in terms of the issues involved in measuring thermoelectric materials and in terms of an extensive (yet incomplete) reference set of literature that is available. We hope it is especially useful to people new to the field of thermoelectric materials research, while it may serve as an elementary but important reminder to the established experts in the field. The accurate measurement and characterization of any new material will remain a challenge, and only correct care and attention to these measurements will rapidly advance the field of thermoelectric materials research.
On Nonlinear Parametric Excitation Problems

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights that one of the most interesting areas in the theory of vibrations is parametric excitation problems. Systems under parametric excitation can exhibit extremely complex behavior patterns and stability character. The unraveling of this complexity is not only a mathematically challenging problem, but also has great practical significance. It is, therefore, not surprising that a great deal of work has been devoted to this class of problems. Being essentially based upon the theory of differential equations with variable coefficients, the theory of parametric excitation has applications in many fields of science and engineering. The chapter explores that in mechanics, besides the classical problems of strings, columns, and plates under axial or in-plane oscillatory loads, the parametric excitation problems of shells have attracted increasing attention in recent years. Some of the interest is connected with the dynamic snap-through instability phenomenon. Most of the studies on parametric excitation deal with linear systems. While a linear analysis provides us with important information, it by itself is inadequate in many instances.
New Caustic Phenomena in Double-Plane Lensing

Consider two point masses m 1 and m 2 on distinct planes with respective shears γ1, γ2 and continuous matter having densities κ1 and κ2. It is assumed that the lens equation is as follows:
Dual low voltage IC based high and low side gate drive

High and low-side gate drivers are required in most switching power converters to provide on/off control of both ground referenced and floating switches. The drivers are required to provide sufficient current to the gates to meet timing requirements, provide a floating supply to the high-side device, and create a proper dead time between the switches to avoid simultaneous conduction. A method is proposed that uses two low-voltage integrated circuits (LVICs) to provide high and low-side gate drive in high-voltage applications. A coupling capacitor is placed between the two ICs to provide three functions: (1) high-voltage isolation, (2) high and low-side power supply, and (3) signaling to the high-side for on/off control. Integrated switches are used on each IC to provide active current steering for charge-pump power supply operation and current sensing for signaling detection. The required key blocks for IC fabrication are also discussed. A discrete test-bed is built to verify charge-pump operation as well as the characteristic current flowing through the coupling capacitor for detection and sequencing through the operating modes.
Modulation of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Secretion in Human Female Reproductive Tract Stromal Fibroblasts by Poly (I:C) and Estradiol

Citation Coleman KD, Ghosh M, Crist SG, Wright JA, Rossoll RM, Wira CR, Fahey JV. Modulation of Hepatocyte Growth Factor secretion in human female reproductive tract stromal fibroblasts by poly (I:C) and estradiol. Am J Reprod Immunol 2012; 67: 44–53 Problem Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) secretion facilitates epithelial cell growth and development in the female reproductive tract (FRT) and may contribute to pathological conditions such as cancer and endometriosis. We hypothesized that estradiol and poly (I:C), a synthetic RNA mimic, may have a regulatory effect on HGF secretion by stromal fibroblasts from FRT tissues. Method of study Following hysterectomies, normal tissue from the uterus, endocervix, and ectocervix were dispersed into stromal cell fractions by enzymatic digestion and differential filtering. Stromal fibroblasts were cultured and treated with estradiol and/or poly (I:C), and conditioned media were analyzed for HGF via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Treating uterine fibroblasts with estradiol or poly (I:C) significantly increased HGF secretion. When uterine fibroblasts were co-treated with estradiol and poly (I:C), the effect on HGF secretion was additive. In contrast, stromal fibroblasts from endo- and ecto-cervix were unresponsive to estradiol, but were stimulated to secrete HGF by poly (I:C). Conclusion HGF secretion is uniquely regulated in the uterus, but not in ecto- and endo-cervix, by estradiol. Moreover, potential viral pathogens further induce HGF. These findings have potential applications in understanding both hormonal regulation of normal tissue as well as the role of HGF in tumorogenesis, endometriosis, and human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Envelopes around cumulative distribution functions from interval parameters of standard continuous distributions

A cumulative distribution function (CDF) states the probability that a sample of a random variable will be no greater than a value x, where x is a real value. Closed form expressions for important CDFs have parameters, such as mean and variance. If these parameters are not point values but rather intervals, sharp or fuzzy, then a single CDF is not specified. Instead, a family of CDFs is specified. Sharp intervals lead to sharp boundaries ("envelopes") around the family, while fuzzy intervals lead to fuzzy boundaries. Algorithms exist that compute the family of CDFs possible for some function g(v) where v is a vector of distributions or bounded families of distribution. We investigate the bounds on families of CDFs implied by interval values for their parameters. These bounds can then be used as inputs to algorithms that manipulate distributions and bounded spaces defining families of distributions (sometimes called probability boxes or p-boxes). For example, problems defining inputs this way may be found in. In this paper, we present the bounds for the families of a few common CDFs when parameters to those CDFs are intervals.
Parameter estimation for a generalized parallel loop scheduling algorithm

Proposes a novel methodology to develop new parallel loop scheduling algorithms. First, existing algorithms are parameterized into a general framework. Then, a genetic algorithm is used with a shared-memory multiprocessor simulator to "evolve" better strategies. Two new algorithms (called CS-2 and FS-alt, due to their similarity to chunk scheduling and factoring, respectively) are found that perform well compared to existing algorithms. >
Life after death: the Gorilla Family of the Senckenberg Museum (Frankfurt/Main).

This essay examines the history of the gorilla family placed on display at the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt am Main, Germany in 1907. It considers, first, how it came to be; second, what it signified both at the time – the museal domestication of an ape previously considered to be a terrifying foe and a monstrous possible ancestor – and third, what it meant ninety years later, when I sought out its history and found more than I bargained for.
Interpretive Algorithms for the Symptom-Limited Exercise Test: Assessing Dyspnea in Persian Gulf War Veterans

Interpretation of symptom-limited exercise testing requires analysis of a large body of simultaneously recorded cardiopulmonary data. Karlman Wasserman has recommended an algorithmic approach to interpretation (WA) that leads to a dichotomous choice between pulmonary and cardiovascular impairment. An alternative algorithm published by William Eschenbacher (EA) provides for concurrent assessment of cardiovascular and pulmonary exercise impairment. We analyzed a group of 29 individuals referred to the Pulmonary Physiology Laboratory at the Washington Veterans Affairs Medical Center for evaluation of dyspnea following service in the Persian Gulf War to assess the concordance of the two algorithms in determining the cause of dyspnea and exercise impairment in these individuals. They each performed a progressive, ramped, symptom-limited exercise test on a bike for a minimum of 6 min. Exercise measurements were analyzed by both interpretive algorithms. Concordance was found in 28% of tests. The greatest discordance occurred in identifying pulmonary limitation. Eleven had pulmonary limitation by EA; of these, WA found l to have pulmonary limitation, 5 to be normal, 4 indeterminate, and l musculoskeletal limitation. Of the 11 with pulmonary limitation by EA, but not by WA, 5 had abnormal resting pulmonary function measurements. Analysis of the differences between these two interpretive approaches is given. The EA algorithm may be more sensitive for detecting exercise impairment of pulmonary origin, but its specificity remains to be determined.
Photosynthesis in c(4) plant tissue cultures: significance of kranz anatomy to c(4) Acid metabolism in c(4) plants.

The pattern of photosynthetic carbon metabolism was determined in tissue cultures of Portulaca oleracea. Four-carbon acids are the most heavily labeled photosynthetic products during short term exposure to 14CO2, containing greater than 40% of the total radioactivity incorporated. Phosphoglyceric acid and sugars account for only 10% of the label after equal exposure times. Other features of the CO2 assimilation pattern in Portulaca callus tissue include a relatively large percentage of label located in various minor products throughout the time course studied, and a greater incorporation of 14C into sugars in tissue cultures than occurs in leaves. Ultrastructurally, the chloroplasts and cells of the callus are like those in the mesophyll cells of Portulaca leaves. The requirement for Kranz anatomy for operation of functional C4 physiology is discussed.
Low-temperature thermal conductivity of polyethylene

The thermal conductivity of polyethylene is linear in temperature from \s~0.6 K to below 0.03 K. This behavior can be explained by the scattering of thermal phonons of wavelength λ from the lamella of thicknessH whenH<λ.
Role of melanin in appressorium function

Abstract Appressoria of certain pathogenic fungi appear darkly pigmented due to a discrete cell wall layer of melanin. We have studied the function of appressorial melanin using wild-type and melanin-deficient strains of the rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe grisea and the melanin biosynthesis inhibitor tricyclazole. All appressoria exhibited a single, circular, wall-less pore against the substratum. Pores in both melanized and unmelanized appressoria were circumscribed by a ring of material, the pore ring, which might function to seal the pore-substratum interface. Experimental evidence demonstrated that appressoria adhered tightly to surfaces and that melanin did not play a major role in that adhesion. Melanin-less appressoria were consistently and uniformly plasmolyzed by low solute concentrations, whereas melanized appressoria, if formed on a solid surface, were plasmolyzed only by much higher solute concentrations. In addition, the cell wall of living or heat-killed melanized, but never unmelanized, appressoria collapsed during plasmolysis due to cytorrhysis. Melanin, having a differential permeability to water and solute, allowed sealed appressoria to establish and maintain a high internal solute concentration that created a high internal hydrostatic pressure. It is that pressure, we suggest, that empowers the pathogen to penetrate the surface of a plastic coverslip as well as the host.
A 2.92μW Hardware Random Number Generator

This paper presents two novel hardware random number generators (RNGs) based on latch metastability. We designed the first, the DC-nulling RNG, for extremely low power operation. The second, the FIR-based RNG, uses a predictive whitening filter to remove non-random components from the generated bit sequence. In both designs, the use of floating-gate memory cells allows us to predict and compensate for DC offsets and other non-random influences while minimizing power consumption. We also present a simple post-processing technique for improving randomness. We fabricated both RNGs in a standard 2P4M 0.35 μm CMOS process. The DC-nulling RNG utilized .031 mm2 of die area, while the FIR-based RNG occupied 1.49 mm2.
Epidemiologic perspectives on Enterobacter for the infection control professional

Enterobacter species have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens. Common reservoirs for these organisms include wounds and the gastrointestinal, urinary, and respiratory tracts. Enterobacter bacteremia typically occurs in patients with long-standing underlying illnesses who received antimicrobial agents before their bacteremia. The wide use of broad-spectrum antibiotics has contributed to the increased prominence of Enterobacter infections. Enterobacter species have a propensity to emerge resistant to the antibiotic therapy administered. Plasmid analysis, restriction endonuclease analysis of total cellular DNA, pulsed-field electrophoresis, and ribotyping can be valuable in investigating the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains.
An Introduction to Quiet Daily Geomagnetic Fields

On days that are quiet with respect to solar-terrestrial activity phenomena, the geomagnetic field has variations, tens of gamma in size, with major spectral components at about 24, 12, 8, and 6 hr in period. These quiet daily field variations are primarily due to the dynamo currents flowing in theE region of the earth's ionosphere, are driven by the global thermotidal wind systems, and are dependent upon the local tensor conductivity and main geomagnetic field vector. The highlights of the behavior and interpretation of these quiet field changes, from their discovery in 1634 until the present, are discussed as an introduction to the special journal issue on Quiet Daily Geomagnetic Fields.
Gastric insufflation during IAC-CPR and standard CPR in a canine model.

Abstract This study was undertaken to determine the effect of interposed abdominal compressions (IAC) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on gastric insufflation when the airway is not secured with an endotracheal tube. A canine model was used in which a common ventilation pressure was applied to separate cuffed esophageal and tracheal tubes. Gas entering the stomach was collected by a pre-placed gastrostomy tube leading to a bell spirometer. Gas entering the lungs was measured with a Wright Respirometer ® in series with the endotracheal tube. During standard CPR, measurable gastric gas volume was collected in 28 of 30 trials (mean 215 ± 93 ml/ventilation). During IAC-CPR, in which abdominal pressure was maintained during ventilation after every 5th chest compression, measurable gastric gas was collected in 15 of 30 trials (mean 40 ± 11 ml/ventilation). Interposed abdominal compressions as an adjunct to standard CPR may not only be of hemodynamic benefit, but may also reduce the incidence of gastric insufflation and attendant complications.
Energy calculations of the crystal structure of poly(di-methyl silane)

Abstract Low energy crystal structures of poly (di-methyl silane), which is known to have a trans backbone conformation, have been investigated. Energy calculations on isolated molecules show that, like its hexyl counterpart, the lowest energy backbone conformation of the molecule is not all- trans but a helix with the backbone bonds rotated 15° away from trans . This corresponds approximately to a 15 7 helix. To determine if the observed trans conformation results from intermolecular interactions, various packing modes of the trans and the 15 7 helix were analysed and their energies compared. Best packing was found for the trans conformation. For the all- trans molecules arranged in an orthorhombic unit cell, the lowest intermolecular energy was found for a = 1.19 and b = 0.78 nm, in good agreement with dimensions found experimentally at room temperature.
Exploring the effects of reduction or Lewis acid coordination on the U=O bond of the uranyl moiety.

Reaction of Li(ArNC(Ph)CHC(Ph)O) (Aracnac; Ar = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2) or Na(ArNC(Ph)CHC(Ph)O) (Ar = 3,5-tBu2C6H3) with 0.5 equiv of UO2Cl2(THF)3 results in the formation of UO2(Aracnac)2 (Ar = 2,4,6-Me3C6...
Optical-model partial-wave analyses of p-/sup 4/He elastic scattering

We have performed optical-model calculations using the Klein-Gordon and the Dirac equations for the 600 MeV p-/sup 4/He scattering experiments of Boschitz et al., and the 1050 MeV p-/sup 4/He scattering experiments of Baker et al. We have compared these analyses with our previous analysis of the 1000 MeV p-/sup 4/He experiment of Palevsky et al. In comparing the results at the three energies we find that the experiments require a slightly energy-dependent optical potential rms radius. The average value is in good agreement with the /sup 4/He matter radius obtained from electron scattering, and substantially smaller than the low energy /sup 4/He optical potential rms radius. On the other hand, the experiments require quite different values for the optical potential strength parameters. (AIP)
Factors influencing reproducibility of tests using standardized patients

Psychometric studies of assessment with standardized patients (SPs) have established that substantial testing time is required to obtain reproducible scores. Using data drawn from two recent large‐scale studies, this article explores the reasons behind this result and suggests several strategies for reducing testing‐time requirements. Case‐specificity—inconsistency of an examinee's performance over cases—appears to be the major source of measurement error in SP‐based tests. Use of multiple SPs to play the same case role for different examinees does not affect reproducibility of scores at typical test lengths. Similarly, low‐to‐moderate levels of interrater agreement do not markedly affect score reproducibility, as long as a reasonably large number of cases are included in an assessment. Often, SP‐based assessment can be viewed within a mastery‐testing framework, where reproducibility of pass‐fail decisions, rather than scores, is of primary importance. Testing‐time requirements within a mastery‐testing fr...
Dissecting Aortic Aneurysms

Abstract Anatomically, dissecting aneurysms may be classified into four types: Type I, the most common, originates in the ascending aorta or aortic arch and extends into the descending thoracic aorta and beyond. Type II, the rarest, is confined to the ascending aorta and proximal aortic arch. Type III begins in the proximal descending aorta and extends distally; this type has the best prognosis. Type IV, a newly proposed addition to these three, is an iatrogenic retrograde dissection of the aorta which originates in the iliac or femoral arteries during extracorporeal circulation by the transfemoral route. Drug therapy currently is the treatment of choice for all types of acute dissections except those of type IV. Immediate operation is reserved for good-risk patients with type I lesions, all patients with type IV dissections, complicated cases, or patients in whom drug therapy is contraindicated. In the chronic stage, operation is indicated when the patient develops a saccular aneurysm, marked aortic insufficiency, recurrent symptoms of pain, or enlargement of the aneurysm.
Distributed costs of environmental contamination

Abstract Improper disposal of toxic contaminants costs society far more than just cleanup costs. Agency expenses, costs of research and litigation, and resource damages represent additional costs of pollution. These costs are generally borne by the public rather than by the polluter, and are therefore termed ‘distributed’. Two cases of PCB contamination in aquatic systems were analyzed from a distributed-costs perspective: New Bedford Harbor, MA, and the Hudson River, NY. For the cases analyzed, the major distributed cost was the loss of past and future fishery revenues. For the cases analyzed, distributed costs made up from about 40% to 99% of total costs.
Children's toy preferences revisited: Implications for early childhood education

A study of contemporary kindergarten children's toy preferences indicated that they were as rigidly stereotyped by sex as those of children of previous decades. In view of social and legal changes and growing professional concerns about sex-role stereotyping, the authors present implications of sex-typed play and offer suggestions for combatting stereotyping and sex discrimination.
Stabilization of polypropylene to γ-initiated oxidation

Abstract The chemical and physical property changes produced in polypropylene samples by γ-irradiation in air have been measured for a range of potential stabilizers. Impact properties of post-irradiation aged samples were compared with the yields of tertiary and secondary hydroperoxides, peroxyl radicals and ketones. Some additives markedly increased the initial rate of peroxyl radical decay, but this effect did not correlate with subsequent stability. Retention of impact strength was found for additives which minimized the initial formation of hydroperoxides and ketonic, backbone scission products. A piperidyl additive gave good protection but was especially effective when used in combination with some benzophenone derivatives. The latter were largely ineffective radiation stabilizers when used alone. None of the stabilizers appeared to reduce the initial yield of peroxyl radicals produced in the γ-irradiated polymer and the piperidyl compound was only converted to its nitroxide during the post-irradiation period.
Improving adherence in patients with alcohol dependence: A new role for pharmacists

Purpose. To review medication adherence rates with various pharmacotherapies and the role of pharmacists in improving medication adherence in patients with alcohol dependence. Summary. Nonadherence diminishes the effectiveness of treatment for all chronic diseases, including alcohol dependence. Rates of adherence to pharmacotherapies for alcohol dependence range widely, both within and among agents. Factors undermining adherence include high pill burden and adverse effects, both of which occur with common treatments for alcohol dependence. There is a clear need for interventions that improve patient adherence to treatment. Conclusion. Adherence-enhancing psychosocial interventions have demonstrated some efficacy, but there is a dearth of controlled trials on this subject. Pharmacist-based interventions have successfully identified and treated nonadherence in other chronic disease states, utilizing tools such as medication reminders, extended-release formulations, and patient education. Similar interventions may improve treatment adherence, and thus drinking outcomes, in patients with alcohol dependence.
THE BIOLOGICAL REACTIONS IN RABBITS TO THE PROTEIN AND PHOSPHATIDE FRACTIONS FROM THE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF HUMAN TUBERCLE BACILLI

1. The clasmatocyte, the cell with the power of fragmenting tubercle bacilli, the cell making the lesion of the so called interstitial pneumonia, has been shown to be the overwhelming response to the special protein fractions, 304 and 903. Multiple hemorrhages, high fever, and toxicity have marked the use of these fractions in every instance. 2. The epithelioid and the giant cell of the Langhans type, making typical tubercular tissue, have been the massive and specific response of the peritoneal cavity to intraperitoneal injections of the phosphatide fractions, A-3 and A-4. These fractions have been entirely non-toxic in the dosages used.
Experiences with codifying event processing function patterns

An event processing flow can be represented as a directed graph that describes how events are obtained from one or more sources, processed by one or more components, and finally sent to one or more sinks. Such flows are often used by experts in different domains, on different platforms, to obtain customized information and alerts. In previous work, the Cascade language has been proposed for describing commonly used patterns of flows. The patterns cover different possible variations of the flows, including variations in the structure of the flow, the components in the flow and the possible parameterizations of these components. The patterns help in codifying best practices in terms of event processing flows in different domains. We refer to these patterns as function patterns. This is in contrast to design patterns that outline a strategy to solve a design challenge, but stop short of actually recommending a complete procedure to perform a function. We have developed tools that allow domain experts to construct, parameterize and deploy specific flows that follow a certain pattern. In this paper, we describe some experiences in using the flow patterns in a real-world domain. Some of the key lessons we learned are: 1) the use of patterns and associated tools helped make domain experts more productive and reduced their dependency on a supporting team of developers, 2) developing patterns requires a change in programming style, often resulting in more reusable and modularized code, 3) challenges remain with regard to code evolution and testing.
Indirect and direct detection of the 4-(benzothiazol-2-yl)phenylnitrenium ion from a putative metabolite of a model anti-tumor drug.

2-(4-Aminophenyl)benzothiazoles related to 1 are potentially important pharmaceuticals. Metabolism apparently involves oxidation and esterification to 3. In water, hydrolysis and photolysis of 3 ge...
Abstract C40: Amyloid precursor protein (APP) synchronizes cell cycle progression and the rate of global protein synthesis in dividing cells

In previous studies we targeted hypoxic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) tumor tissue using gamma-secretase inhibitors (GSI) in a preclinical model of advanced NSCLC. GSI treatment of mice suggested reactivation of mTORC-1 in otherwise quiescent hypoxic NSCLC tissue. Methods included immunohistochemistry and cytochemistry, immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, siRNA-mediated gene knockdown, nucleotide and amino acid analogs incorporation, FACS analysis, various imaging techniques, Q-PCR, gene transfection, cap binding assays, RNA and antibodies arrays. GSI treatment of mice showed a re-induced phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 at T37/46 in hypoxic tumor masses. In vitro studies indicated a role for APP in this phenomenon. APP downregulation caused a rearrangement in 4E-BP1's phosphorylation pattern at residues T37/46, S65 and T70, reversed by overexpression of the APP C-terminal domain. Increased recruitment of eIF4A on the mRNA cap was observed. These events coincided with a drastic increase in the rate of global protein synthesis, an event that appeared to be mTOR-independent. Meanwhile, NSCLC cells with depleted APP were arrested in G0/G1 through a cyclin C-mediated mechanism. Cells arrested in G0/G1 with augmented rate of global protein synthesis (both cap- and IRES-dependent) increased their size and underwent a substantial necrotic cell death due to cell membrane permeabilization. These results indicate a novel role for APP in synchronizing the rate of protein synthesis and cell cycle progression, raising questions on how these processes interact in malignant transformation. The data presented here suggest that cells of different origin, including NSCLC cells, have developed some mechanisms to couple cell growth with cell cycle progression independent of overlapping signals which derive, among others, from the PI3-K pathway. APP seems to play a central role in this synchronization, and its loss of function causes cell size abnormalities and death. Citation Format: Anna Sobol, Paola Galluzzo, Shuang Liang, Brittany Rambo, Sylvia Skucha, Megan Weber, Maurizio Bocchetta. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) synchronizes cell cycle progression and the rate of global protein synthesis in dividing cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr C40.
A Homotopy Equivalence for Partition Posets Related to Liftings of S n-1 -Modules to S n

We give a homotopy equivalence to explain an Sn?1-module isomorphism which occurs frequently in the homology of subposets of the partition lattice ?n. The isomorphism in question is necessary for the existence of a lifting to Sn of the Sn?1-module involved. It has also been observed in certain deformations of the free Lie algebra. The topological explanation allows us to generate further examples in subposets of ?n. We show that, in these two contexts, it is often accompanied by an Sn-action on the Sn?1-module occurring in the isomorphism. A well-known example is the lifting of the homology of ?n?1.
Family Sculpture and Relationship Mapping Techniques

An overview is constructed of a substantial array of space and action techniques of broad utility in marriage and family therapy. Family sculpture and a variety of closely related techniques have gained wide acceptance by counselors, therapists, and educators. The roots of these techniques and their basic concepts are traced. A heuristic typology is presented which highlights the essential interrelatedness of diverse methods and lays the foundation for further open-ended innovation by working professionals to develop customized variations especially fitted to their personal style and to the needs of their clients.
The Other Side of Hope: Squandering Social Capital in Louisville’s HOPE VI

This qualitative study followed 40 households displaced in Louisville’s HOPE VI redevelopment of Clarksdale public housing. The authors argue that though the goals to alleviate distressed housing and deconcentrate poverty were laudable, Louisville’s housing authority gave insufficient consideration to the effects of policy on poor people in their communities. The processes and results in Louisville disrupted communities, perpetuated disempowerment, and favored deconcentration of poverty over poverty reduction. Through the lens of a preferential option for the poor, the authors argue that HOPE VI would be more likely to achieve its stated goals if built upon existing foundations of social capital.
How to house a child: providing homes for Jewish children in interwar Poland

After World War I Jewish community leaders in Poland addressed the increasing number of orphans due to the war and continued violence by placing children in foster care and building orphanages run by local non-governmental organisations. The care of children in private homes was seen as the most practical solution to the crisis and a real alternative to the establishment of institutions. The records of these non-governmental organisations and the writings of Jewish community leaders reveal that the discussion regarding institutions and private care reflected a desire to provide effective and efficient services but was also a sign of the institutional immaturity of the organisations that had emerged to address the needs of children. Proponents of both institutions and private care advocated greater supervision of these services and, if not institutionalisation, more organisation of those working in child welfare and of children's lives. Believing that such supervision would make the children under their ca...
Racial Identity as a Predictor of the Psychological Health of African American Students at a Predominantly White University

This study examined racial identity attitudes, acculturation, and gender as predictors of psychological health in a sample of African American college students. The participants were 136 undergraduate students who attended a predominantly White midwestern university. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that gender was a significant predictor and contributed to 3.5% of the variance in psychological health. Acculturation was a significant predictor above and beyond that accounted for by gender and contributed to 3.7% of the variance in psychological health. Finally, racial identity was a significant predictor of psychological health above and beyond that accounted for by both gender and acculturation and contributed to 20.7% of the variance in psychological health. Limitations of the study and recommendations for future research are offered.
Unprotected larval development in the Antarctic scallop Adamussium colbecki (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pectinidae)

Most Antarctic bivalves are small and protect their young by holding fertilized eggs or larvae in their mantle cavities for varying periods. Nourishment for these early growth stages is provided by yolk reserves rather than by planktotrophy. The anomalously large Antarctic scallop, Adamussium colbecki, has unprotected planktotrophic larvae that are spawned during the austral spring. Successful recruitment of these larvae, in populations which are most abundant in oligotrophic habitats, may be associated with episodic pulses of organic material. Reasons why planktotrophy persists in A. colbecki are suggested by a comparison with another large Antarctic bivalve, Laternula elliptica. The latter has protected lecithotrophic larvae that are released at the beginning of the austral winter. This comparison suggests that unprotected larval development persists in A. colbecki because of unusual anatomical and ecological adaptations among the adults of the Adamussium lineage that have been evolving in the Southern Ocean since the early Oligocene.
Entry and integration of transplanted hepatocytes in rat liver plates occur by disruption of hepatic sinusoidal endothelium

To establish the process by which transplanted cells integrate into the liver parenchyma, we used dipeptidyl peptidase IV-deficient F344 rats as hosts. On intrasplenic injection, transplanted hepatocytes immediately entered liver sinusoids, along with attenuation of portal vein radicles on angiography. However, a large fraction of transplanted cells (>70%) was rapidly cleared from portal spaces by phagocyte/macrophage responses. On the other hand, transplanted hepatocytes entering the hepatic sinusoids showed superior survival. These cells translocated from sinusoids into liver plates between 16 and 20 hours after transplantation, during which electron microscopy showed disruption of the sinusoidal endothelium. Interestingly, production of vascular endothelial growth factor was observed in hepatocytes before endothelial disruptions. Portal hypertension and angiographic changes resulting from cell transplantation resolved promptly. Integration of transplanted hepatocytes in the liver parenchyma required cell membrane regenesis, with hybrid gap junctions and bile canaliculi forming over 3 to 7 days after cell transplantation. We propose that strategies to deposit cells into distal hepatic sinusoids, to disrupt sinusoidal endothelium for facilitating cell entry into liver plates, and to accelerate cell integrations into liver parenchyma will advance applications of hepatocyte transplantation.
Ionic actuators based on novel sulfonated ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer membranes

Sulfonated ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers have been synthesized and artificial muscles have been produced from this new class of ionomeric membrane materials. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the modification through introduction of peaks characteristic of ester linkages between sulfosuccinic acid and vinyl alcohol. Solid-state 23Na NMR showed the ionic functionalities aggregate during membrane casting, yet small angle X-ray scattering showed that nano-phase separation between the ionic domains and matrix occurs only at elevated sulfonate content. Ionic polymer metal composites were produced through an electroless deposition of platinum generating membranes that display actuation under applied electrical stimulus. The perfluorosulfonate ionomer Nafion® has been used as a benchmark to gauge the performance of the artificial muscles produced in this study. Results showed the modified EVOH IPMC's behave similar to Nafion®, yet actuation kinetics in the new ionomer are significantly slower. Pulsed gradient spin echo NMR showed water diffusion coefficients in modified EVOH to be 1/3 those in Nafion® though the water content in the new ionomer is more than double. Slower actuation kinetics are, therefore, attributed to slower water diffusion caused by a disorganized morphology in the sulfonated ethylene vinyl alcohol.
Exploration of Bdellovibrio Chemotaxis and Predation using Microfluidics

Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a predatory, gram-negative bacterium that preys on other gram-negative bacteria. It has long been hypothesized that B. bacteriovorus can sense prey in the environment and move toward them, and recent genomic sequencing indicates that B. bacteriovorus has approximately 20 methyl-accepting chemotaxis receptor proteins and the full flagellar machinery necessary for chemotaxis. Nonetheless, B. bacteriovorus chemotaxis has never been demonstrated in the laboratory. As a result, the molecules it might use to target and track its prey have not been identified. A road block to prior research has been the limitations on traditional chemotaxis assays; B. bacteriovorus does not form colonies on agar media plates and it has been known to move up to 100 body lengths per second, which makes it difficult to track its growth or movement in response to a specific chemoeffector.To address these issues, we have designed a microfluidic device to measure the reaction of B. bacteriovorus to specific chemoeffectors. The small dimensions and controlled flow in a microfluidic device allow us to introduce B. bacteriovorus to a gradient of chemoeffectors such as sugars, metabolites, and signaling molecules. With multiple outlets containing a range of chemoeffector concentrations, we can observe both attractive and repellent responses, as well as score the degree to which B. bacteriovorus reacts to these chemicals. Thus a microfluidic device provides significant advances over classic “on/off” chemotaxis assays, allowing us to explore for the first time the target molecules and affinity of B. bacteriovorus chemotaxis receptors.
No evidence of metabolic depression in Western Alaskan juvenile Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus).

Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) populations have undergone precipitous declines through their western Alaskan range over the last four decades with the leading hypothesis to explain this decline centering around changing prey quality, quantity, or availability for this species (i.e., nutritional stress hypothesis). Under chronic conditions of reduced food intake sea lions would conserve energy by limiting energy expenditures through lowering of metabolic rate known as metabolic depression. To examine the potential for nutritional stress, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition were measured in free-ranging juvenile Steller sea lions (N=91) at three distinct geographical locations (Southeast Alaska, Prince William Sound, Central Aleutian Islands) using open-flow respirometry and deuterium isotope dilution, respectively. Average sea lion RMR ranged from 6.7 to 36.2 MJ d 21 and was influenced by body mass, total body lipid, and to a lesser extent, ambient air temperature and age. Sea lion pups captured in the Aleutian Islands (region of decline) had significantly greater body mass and total body lipid stores when compared to pups from Prince William Sound (region of decline) and Southeast Alaska (stable region). Along with evidence of robust body condition in Aleutian Island pups, no definitive differences were detected in RMR between sea lions sampled between eastern and western populations that could not be accounted for by higher percent total body lipid content, suggesting that that at the time of this study, Steller sea lions were not experiencing metabolic depression in the locations studied.
Single crystal growth of Bi2CaSr2Cu2O8+x superconductor by travelling zone method

Abstract A new method of crystal growth based on the travelling zone technique is successfully used to grow single crystals of Bi2CaSr2Cu2O8+x superconductor. Relatively large crystals of the order of 4 × 3× 1 mm3 dimensions can be grown by using a bridgman type crucible in the traveling zone setup. Identification of crystals is carried out by X-ray powder diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) analysis. Single crystal X-ray diffraction shows a superstrucutre along the b-axis of the crystal grwon from a Bridgman type crucible. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies conducted on these crystals show extensive evidence of layer-growth patterns. Supersonducting properties of these crystals are determined by four-probe direct current (DC) resistance and alternating current (AC) susceptibility measurements.