cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Benign Fibro-Osseous Lesions of the Head and Neck

Benign fibro-osseous lesions (BFOLs) are a particularly challenging set of diagnoses for the pathologist. This diverse collection of diseases includes fibrous dysplasia, ossifying fibroma and cemento-osseous dysplasia. While all three conditions have similar microscopic presentations, their treatment and prognosis differ, demanding an accurate and definitive diagnosis. A practical and systematic approach considering the patient's history, demographics, intraoperative presentation, and gross appearance with an emphasis on radiology and histology will be discussed.
Water loss, desiccation tolerance, and survival under desiccating conditions in 11 species of Caribbean Anolis

1. Rates of water loss and tolerance to desiccation were examined in 11 species of Caribbean Anolis and the Sonoran desert iguanid lizard, Urosaurus ornatus. 2. Rates of water loss ranged from 0.07% body wt/h (A. bonairensis) to 0.43% body wt/h (A. distichus). 3. There were significant correlations between habitat rainfall and both the rates of water loss (P<0.005) and the maximum time of survival (LTmax) (P<0.01) for the 11 species of Anolis. Species from areas of low rainfall generally had lower rates of water loss and survived longer than species from areas of high rainfall. 4. There was no correlation between habitat rainfall and the ability to withstand desiccation; therefore differences in LTmax are probably the result of differences in rates of water loss. 5. Rates of water loss did not significantly correlate with either structural niche or ecomorphic category. 6. Since rates of water loss varied to a large degree within closely related species groups, there is apparently little phylogenetic inertia for this physiologic parameter.
Neoadjuvant therapy for body and tail pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Propensity score matched analysis using the National Cancer Database.

450Background: The role of neoadjuvant systemic therapy in the management of body and tail pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate the outcomes a...
Web Information Leakage: Googling for gold

Information leakage from a company can occur in many different ways. In this article the problem of confidential data becoming available on the World Wide Web is examined. Companies are recommended to put in place a regular audit of the information available about themselves online. Once this data is gathered, it can be used to plug procedural weaknesses as well as to deny confidential and proprietary data to hackers and competitors.
Cognitive Style and Synchrony in Measures of Anxiety

The extent to which a cognitive style variable, integrative complexity, was related to synchrony between behavioral and self-report measures of anxiety was examined in this study. During a therapy ...
The state of evolutionary medicine in undergraduate education.

Background and objectives Undergraduate courses that include evolutionary medicine (EM) are increasingly available, but quantified data about such courses are lacking. In this article, we describe relevant course offerings by institution and department type, in conjunction with information on the backgrounds and experiences of associated instructors. Methodology We searched course catalogs from 196 American universities to find courses that include EM, and sent a survey to 101 EM instructors to ask about their backgrounds and teaching experiences. Results Research-focused universities (R1) were much more likely to offer at least one course that covers evolutionary applications to health and disease than universities that granted only bachelor's or master's degrees. A survey course on EM was offered in 56% of 116 R1 universities, but only 2% of the 80 non-R1 universities we searched. Most EM instructors have backgrounds in anthropology or biology; each instructor's area of expertise provides clues as to how continued growth of EM may occur differently by discipline. Conclusions and implications Undergraduates are most likely to learn about EM in research-intensive universities from an anthropological or biological perspective. Responses from anthropology and biology instructors, including whom they share course materials with, highlight that courses may differ depending on the discipline in which they are taught. LAY SUMMARY Recognition of evolution's relevance to understanding health and disease is growing, but documentation of coverage in undergraduate education is lacking. This study explores where evolutionary medicine (EM) content is taught across 196 undergraduate institutions and how 53 instructors describe their experiences teaching EM.
Using the Omaha System to Evaluate the Integration of Behavioral Health Services into Nurse-Led Primary Health Care

Integrating behavioral health services into nurse-led primary care at one location ensures that individuals receive a comprehensive array of preventive and restorative services, based on their varying needs. A formative program evaluation of a federally funded behavioral health integration (BHI) project in a small nurse-led clinic used the Omaha System taxonomy to explore the changes in the documented practice of providers due to the BHI implementation. The evaluation provided evidence of the benefits of a collaborative care model to urban low-income, underserved, adults who were predominantly African American/Blacks.
Reproductive tract extracellular vesicles are sufficient to transmit intergenerational stress and program neurodevelopment

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a unique mode of intercellular communication capable of incredible specificity in transmitting signals involved in cellular function, including germ cell maturation. Spermatogenesis occurs in the testes, behind a protective barrier to ensure safeguarding of germline DNA from environmental insults. Following DNA compaction, further sperm maturation occurs in the epididymis. Here, we report reproductive tract EVs transmit information regarding stress in the paternal environment to sperm, potentially altering fetal development. Using intracytoplasmic sperm injection, we found that sperm incubated with EVs collected from stress-treated epididymal epithelial cells produced offspring with altered neurodevelopment and adult stress reactivity. Proteomic and transcriptomic assessment of these EVs showed dramatic changes in protein and miRNA content long after stress treatment had ended, supporting a lasting programmatic change in response to chronic stress. Thus, EVs as a normal process in sperm maturation, can also perform roles in intergenerational transmission of paternal environmental experience.
Aircraft landing and takeoff emission impacts on surface O3 and PM2.5 through aerosol direct feedback effects estimated by the coupled WRF-CMAQ model

Abstract The aerosol direct feedback effects (ADFEs) are neglected in traditional air quality modeling studies (where meteorology is used as input and not affected by the chemistry and aerosol microphysics) for estimating the impacts of aircraft emissions on air quality. In this study, aircraft landing and take-off (LTO) attributable change of O3 and PM2.5 concentrations through ADFEs for the year 2005 within the contiguous United States (CONUS) are quantified by a coupled meteorology-chemistry modeling system: Weather Research and Forecasting – Community Multi-scale Air Quality (WRF-CMAQ) model. We first quantified the effects of ADFEs of all aerosols within the CONUS (not the effects of aircraft LTO emissions) on surface meteorology and air quality and found that ADFEs changed on average the downward short-wave radiation (SWR), 2-m temperature (T2), planetary boundary layer (PBL) height, O3 and PM2.5 by −7.38 W/m2, −0.47 K, −20.72 m, −0.41 ppb and +0.28 μg/m3 in 2005. We also found a seasonal influence where ADFE-influenced change (decrease) of SWR, T2, PBL, O3 and change (increase) of PM2.5 were higher in summer than in winter. We found that the aircraft LTO emissions’ contribution to domain average surface concentration of O3 and PM2.5 were +0.0065 ppb and +0.0022 μg/m3 respectively when ADFEs are accounted for. The ADFEs decrease aircraft LTO attributable surface O3 and PM2.5 change by 21% and 23% respectively comparing with that without ADFE in 2005. We also found that in both without-and-with ADFE cases, the aircraft LTO emissions increases domain average of O3 from April to October and decreases from November to March showing a strong seasonal pattern. Our modeling study revealed that use of a coupled model with ADFE shows localized changes in air quality by aircraft LTO emissions across the domain which were masked when looking at domain averages for both O3 and PM2.5, and which may be important for accurately quantifying health risk due to air pollution exposures in densely populated areas.
Influence of structural variations in diketopyrrolopyrrole-based field-effect transistors

Both the semiconductor-dielectric interface and the presence of polymorphs in the semiconducting layer of an organic field-effect transistor (FET) dictate charge transport. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) from a side-chain-substituted thiophene DPP monomer (Ph-TDPP-Ph) reveal the presence of two triclinic phases. The FET carrier mobilities change by orders of magnitude depending on the ratio of the two triclinic phases. We further demonstrate the prospect of enhancing device performance of a DPP copolymer-based FET by texture poling of a ferroelectric dielectric layer. Such devices in conjunction with n-type sol-gel processed ZnO FET are promising in voltage inverter circuits.
Changes in Motor Unit Number Estimate and Forced Vital Capacity as Predictors of ALS Progression

Background: An independent measure of lower motor neuron function that can be monitored over time is essential to evaluating the effect of drugs or stem cell transplantation and to determining prognosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Longitudinal changes in forced vital capacity-percent of predicted (FVC%) and motor unit number estimate (MUNE) may identify patient groups with more rapid disease progression. Objective: We attempted to define cutoff values for 3-month changes in FVC% and MUNE that identify ALS patients with rapidly progressive disease defined as survival of 30 months or less from symptom onset. Design: Cohort study. Subjects: We report data from 26 ALS patients, 10 patients reported previously and 16 patients not reported previously, except for the reproducibility of their MUNE data. Results: Of the 26 patients, 7 had rapid progression. Either a 40% decrease in statistical MUNE or a 20% decrease in FVC% over 3 months identified 6 of 7 rapid progressors (Sensitivity=86% 95% confidence interval [CI] 42.1% - 99.6%). Of the 19 patients without rapid progression, 18 met neither the FVC or MUNE criterion (Specificity = 94.7% CI 95% 74.0% - 99.9%). In a proportional hazards model, 3 month change in both FVC and MUNE were significantly predictive of decreased survival. Conclusion: We suggest the use of a three-month change in MUNE or FVC% as a secondary enrollment criterion in therapeutic trials or to identify a subgroup of rapid progressors that may respond differently to treatments.
Effect of electro-codeposition parameters on particle incorporation in Ni-CrAlY(Ta) coatings

Electrolytic codeposition is a promising alternative low-cost process for fabricating MCrAlY coatings. In this process, CrAlY particles are codeposited with the (Ni,Co) to form an (Ni,Co)-CrAlY com...
Incidence, management and outcomes of arterial and venous thrombosis after chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells for B cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma.

Chimeric antigen receptor modified T Cell therapy (CAR-T) is a rapidly developing treatment for patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell lymphoma (NHL) or multiple myeloma (MM). Although veno...
Automated Identification of Common Disease-Specific Outcomes for Comparative Effectiveness Research Using ClinicalTrials.gov: Algorithm Development and Validation Study.

BACKGROUND Common disease-specific outcomes are vital for ensuring comparability of clinical trial data and enabling meta analyses and interstudy comparisons. Traditionally, the process of deciding which outcomes should be recommended as common for a particular disease relied on assembling and surveying panels of subject-matter experts. This is usually a time-consuming and laborious process. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this work were to develop and evaluate a generalized pipeline that can automatically identify common outcomes specific to any given disease by finding, downloading, and analyzing data of previous clinical trials relevant to that disease. METHODS An automated pipeline to interface with ClinicalTrials.gov's application programming interface and download the relevant trials for the input condition was designed. The primary and secondary outcomes of those trials were parsed and grouped based on text similarity and ranked based on frequency. The quality and usefulness of the pipeline's output were assessed by comparing the top outcomes identified by it for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to a list of 80 outcomes manually abstracted from the most frequently cited and comprehensive reviews delineating clinical outcomes for COPD. RESULTS The common disease-specific outcome pipeline successfully downloaded and processed 3876 studies related to COPD. Manual verification indicated that the pipeline was downloading and processing the same number of trials as were obtained from the self-service ClinicalTrials.gov portal. Evaluating the automatically identified outcomes against the manually abstracted ones showed that the pipeline achieved a recall of 92% and precision of 79%. The precision number indicated that the pipeline was identifying many outcomes that were not covered in the literature reviews. Assessment of those outcomes indicated that they are relevant to COPD and could be considered in future research. CONCLUSIONS An automated evidence-based pipeline can identify common clinical trial outcomes of comparable breadth and quality as the outcomes identified in comprehensive literature reviews. Moreover, such an approach can highlight relevant outcomes for further consideration.
Undersecured Creditors in Bankruptcy: Dewsnup, Nobleman, and the Decline of Priority

In this Article, Professor Wiggins explores the proper role of partially secured credit in bankruptcy, a matter that has taken on increased urgency in the wake of the United State Supreme Court’s opinions in Dewsnup v. Timm and Nobelman v. United States Savings Bank. The Article begins by providing a detailed description of Dewsnup and then the Article proceeds to examine carefully the treatment of undersecured creditors under the Bankruptcy Act, the predecessor statute to the Code. The Article then examines the lien-enforcement rights of undersecured creditors under both the Act and the Code. This examination reveals that the Bankruptcy Code constituted a deliberate shift in approach on the part of Congress from an “in rem” approach to a “priority” approach. To the extent that the Court in Dewsnup embraces the former, its reasoning is atavistic and unpersuasive. Having established the flaws of the majority opinion, Professor Wiggins details the damaging legacy of Dewsnup, both in terms of the conceptual and doctrinal confusion that is likely to thrive within its wake. The article concludes with a proposal for Congressional action to overrule Dewsnup. The suggested legislation would explicitly allow a bankruptcy trustee to void the unsecured portion of a secured claim and use post-valuation appreciation for the benefit of general unsecured creditors. This proposal would, inter alia, better manifest the normative bankruptcy goal of equitably balancing the rights of secured and unsecured creditors.
Foundation Cutoff Wall for Allegheny Reservoir Dam

The paper describes the underseepage problems at Allegheny Reservoir Dam and presents the various remedial measures considered. An account of the selection of the remedial measures adopted and of the construction details for installation of the 2.5-ft thick concrete cutoff wall are given. Piezometer data are reported indicating the validity of the solution, and conclusions as to the use of the cutoff wall are presented.
Enzymatic ω-Oxidation II. FUNCTION OF RUBREDOXIN AS THE ELECTRON CARRIER IN ω-HYDROXYLATION

Molecular oxygen and reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide are required for the hydroxylation of octane, yielding n-octanol, in a soluble enzyme system from Pseudomonas oleovorans previously shown to hydroxylate fatty acids at the ω carbon atom. Hexane and decane are also oxidized, but at lower rates. Procedures are described for the separation and partial purification of the three bacterial protein components required for fatty acid and hydrocarbon hydroxylation: rubredoxin (a red, nonheme iron protein containing no labile sulfide), a reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide-rubredoxin reductase, and the ω-hydroxylase. Electron transfer occurs from reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide to rubredoxin, catalyzed by the reductase, and from reduced rubredoxin to cytochrome c. Evidence is presented that rubredoxin and the reductase function in a similar manner as electron carriers during substrate hydroxylation in the presence of the ω-hydroxylase.
A hybrid mass-conservative scheme for simulating variably saturated flow in soils with large boundary flux

Numerical solutions of water flow in variably saturated porous media may result in poor mass balance attributable to the inherent nonlinear characteristics of the governing equation to describe flow problems. Based on analyses of mass balance error sources from the h -based and mixed formulations commonly employed in soil water flow models, a mass-conservative scheme was proposed for better mass balance in simulating variably saturated flow in soils with large outflow boundaries. The proposed method, named the hybrid method, is a combination of the h -based and mixed formulations according to local soil water conditions in the simulated domain. The h -based formulation is adopted if the absolute change of pressure heads between time steps is smaller than a threshold value. Otherwise, the mixed formulation is applied. Based on simulations with various soils and different initial conditions, a value of 3 cm was chosen as the threshold value. The hybrid method was applied to simulate water movement in sandy loam and clay loam soils, which were not used for determining the threshold value. For both soils, the hybrid method was shown to conserve the mass balance consistently throughout the simulation period. The relative mass balance error for the hybrid method was only 20% of that for the mixed formation. With larger tolerance levels for iterations within a time step, the hybrid method resulted in better mass balance than the mixed formation. In addition, the mixed formation took greater computation time (up to 100 times) than the hybrid method to achieve mass balance errors less than 2% for the clay loam soil.
Soft-decisions per-survivor processing for mobile fading channels

This paper addresses the task of joint symbol-by-symbol decisions and maximum likelihood (ML) channel estimation using the PSP concept. Based on two popular algorithms, which have an inherent trellis structure two adaptive derivatives are proposed, namely per-survivor processing-optimum soft output algorithm (PSP-OSA) and PSP-SSA (sub-optimum soft output algorithm). The new algorithm (PSP-SSA) has a simplified form with complexity compared to PSP-MLSE. Simulation results show a significant improvement of the simpler PSP-SSA algorithm over the conventional structure, which consists of a hard-decision channel equalizer followed by a convolutional decoder.
Cluster-based selection of statistical answering strategies

Question answering (QA) is a highly complex task that brings together classification, clustering, retrieval, and extraction. Question answering systems include various statistical and rule-based components that combine and form multiple strategies for finding answers. However, in real-life scenarios efficiency constraints make it infeasible to simultaneously use all available strategies in a QA system. To address this issue, we present an approach for carefully selecting answering strategies that are likely to benefit individual questions, without significantly reducing performance. We evaluate the impact of strategy selection on question answering performance at several important QA stages: document retrieval, answer extraction, and answer merging. We present strategy selection experiments using a statistical question answering system, and we show significant efficiency improvements. By selecting 10% of the available answering strategies, we obtained similar performance when compared to using all of the strategies combined.
Alternative Transportation Financing Strategies: Special Equity Implications for Older and Retired People

This paper presents the major findings from a study conducted for AARP (formerly the American Association of Retired Persons) on the implications of various transportation financing strategies for older and retired people. The study found that almost all current and proposed financing mechanisms are or would be regressive and that many would have a limited relationship to the costs that users impose on the system or the benefits that travelers receive from the system. The most important study finding is that there are more substantial equity concerns for older and retired people when less traditional definitions of equity are applied. The study concludes that to offset inequities in the current system or a potential system of financing, particularly in how those funds are spent to deliver transportation services, it is crucial that all levels of government structure and deliver transportation services that respond to the specific needs of older and retired people.
locating ethnographic practice: romance, reality, and politics in the outback

This paper explores the contest over the meaning of the appearance of previously uncontacted Pintupi Aborigines in late 1984, arguing that an important site of Pintupi social action is transaction with the outside and their struggle to define their own framework of understanding. The event was interpreted by varying “audiences” in terms of their differing motivations and favored conventions for representing the Aborigine. I analyze my role as ethnographer, scientist, advocate, and academic and the use of ethnographic knowledge in mediating these competing discourses.
Neurofilament-M Interacts with the D1 Dopamine Receptor to Regulate Cell Surface Expression and Desensitization

We used the yeast two-hybrid assay to identify novel proteins that interact with the D1 dopamine receptor. The third cytoplasmic loop (residues 217–273) of the rat D1 receptor was used as bait to identify clones encoding interacting proteins from a rat brain cDNA library. This identified two clones encoding the C terminus of rat neurofilament-M (NF-M) (residues 782–846). The NF-M clone did not interact with the third cytoplasmic loops of the rat D2, D3, or D4receptors, but showed weak interaction with that of the D5receptor. Coexpression of full-length NF-M with the D1receptor in HEK-293 cells resulted in >50% reduction of receptor binding accompanied by a reduction in D1 receptor-mediated cAMP accumulation. NF-M had no effect on the expression of other dopamine receptor subtypes. Using a D1 receptor-green fluorescent protein chimera and confocal fluorescence microscopy, we found that NF-M reduced D1 receptor expression at the cell surface and promoted accumulation of the receptor in the cytosol. Interestingly, the D1 receptors that were expressed at the cell surface in the presence of NF-M were resistant to agonist-induced desensitization. Cellular colocalization of NF-M and the D1 receptor in the rat brain was examined by epifluorescence microscopy. These experiments showed that ∼50% of medium-sized striatal neurons expressed both proteins. Colocalization was also observed in pyramidal cells and interneurons within the frontal cortex. Similar immunohistochemical analyses using NF-M-deficient mice showed decrements in D1 receptor expression compared with control mice. These results suggest that NF-M interacts with the D1 receptor in vivo and may modify its expression and regulation.
Discrete light-cone quantization on a twisted torus

Abstract Recently it has been demonstrated by Dienes and Mafi that the physics of toroidal compactified models of extra dimensions can depend on the shape angle of the torus. Toroidal compactification has also recently been used as a regulator for numerical solutions of supersymmetric field theories in 2+1 dimensions. The question is: does the shape angle of the torus also affect the physics in this situation? Clearly a numerical solution should be independent of the shape of the space on which we compactify, at least when the regulator is removed. We show that, for standard discrete light-cone quantization with transverse parity invariance, toroidal compactification is only allowed for a specific set of shape angles and for that set of shape angles the numerical solutions are unchanged.
Carving Out Niches for Nanostructures: Implementation and Interplay of Building Blocks, Methods, and Tools

The number and diversity of techniques to create well-defined polymeric architectures has set the foundation to reinvent macromolecular chemistry’s tenor. This development offers the chance to build refined structures with multifaceted, cross-disciplinary applications. We discuss a few advances in the design and development of selected nanoobjects with far-reaching potential. Herein, well-defined building blocks and introduced methods to establish three-dimensional architectures will be presented. Sequential attachment strategies and tools taken from biological chemistries achieve new levels of specificity.
Lung nodules and beyond: approaches, challenges and opportunities in thoracic CAD

Abstract The purpose of this manuscript is to give an overview of current activities in Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) for thoracic applications. Because the large majority of applications of CAD relate to lung cancer, the detection and characterization problems in lung cancer CAD are described. Approaches to each of these problems are described. The current challenges that exist in each of the detection and characterization problems are described. Opportunities that exist in the near future are described including: efforts to create standardized databases by the Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) to facilitate research in lung CAD, research into other lung diseases besides lung cancer and the incorporation of other informatics sources into the computer-aided diagnosis approaches.
Sentence Orientation and Semantic Processing Speed: Applicability to Label Design

Sentence orientation and category size were examined using a sentence verification task to determine whether the rotation of sentences would influence semantic processing. A total of 28 participants were asked to read sentences presented with five levels of rotation (−90, −45, 0, +45, +90) and two category sizes (small & large). A significant difference in the speed of sentence verification was found for sentence orientation. As the degree of rotation increased the time taken to process the sentences increased; this was especially true for vertically aligned sentences (oriented at ±90 degrees). The category size variable did not yield a significant main effect. The findings of this study may have direct implications for the positioning of labels on consumer products with varying orientations.
Elliptic complexes and generalized Poincaré inequalities

We study first order differential operators with constant coefficients. The main question is under what conditions a generalized Poincare inequality holds. We show that the constant rank condition is sufficient. The concept of the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse of a matrix comes into play.
Union of pathologic fracture of femur following castrations for carcinoma of the prostate

Abstract A seventy-six year old male sustained a pathologic fracture of the femur. Physical examination revealed a carcinoma of the prostate gland. There was no roentgenologic evidence of union of the fracture after three months of traction. Bilateral orchidectomy was done but no attempt was made to remove the malignancy of the prostate. Subsequent roentgenograms showed solid union of the fracture eleven months after the orchidectomy. There was a concomitant disappearance of obstruction to urination and a great reduction in the size of the prostate as palpated by rectum. Death occurred twenty months after the orchidectomy, probably of a cerebral vascular accident.
Coxsackievirus-Induced Pancreatitis

In humans, infections with the group B coxsackieviruses (CVBs) range from asymptomatic infections to chronic, debilitating diseases. The CVBs are associated with chronic inflammatory diseases of th...
A History of the Fractography of Brittle Materials

The evolution of the science of fractography of brittle materials initially was driven by failure analysis problems. Early analyses focused on general patterns of fracture and how they correlated to the loading conditions. Many early documents are simply descriptive, but the curiosity of some key scientists and engineers was aroused. Scientific or engineering explanations for the observed patterns gradually were developed. Advances in microscopy and flaw based theories of strength and fracture mechanics led to dramatic advances in the state of the art of fractographic analysis of brittle materials. Introduction: This author was drawn backwards in time as he researched the current state of the art of fractographic analysis of brittle materials for his fractography guide book.[ ] Others have written about how the fractographic analysis of metals evolved (e.g., [ , , , ]), but there is no analogue for ceramics and glasses. The key scientists, engineers, and analysts who contributed to our field are shown in Fig. 1. Other work done by industry workers who were unable or loathe to publish is now lost, inaccessible, forgotten, or even discarded. It is the goal of this paper to review the key publications and mark the noteworthy advances in the field. Some deem fractography as the study of fracture surfaces, but this author takes a broader view. Fractography is the means and methods for characterizing fractured specimens or components and, for example, a simple examination of the fragments and how they fit together to study the overall breakage pattern is a genuine fractographic analysis.
Identifying the plasmapause in IMAGE EUV data using IMAGE RPI in situ steep density gradients

plasmapause location observed by RPI is compared tothe location of the He + edge extracted from the closest-in-time EUVimage, a correlation coefficient of 0.83 is obtained. When the EUV He + edge location is taken as the average of two EUV measurements (one before and one after the RPI measurement), the correlation coefficient increases to 0.87. The high degree of correlation justifies the assumption that the He + edge coincides with the plasmapause. For eighteen cases inwhich the plasmasphere has no sharp outer boundary the intensity of the uncalibrated EUV images is compared with the electron number density extracted from the RPI data, and the lower sensitivity threshold of the EUV instrument is
W and Z production at next-to-leading order: From large qT to small☆

Abstract CDF is just completing its analysis of the transverse momentum distribution of singly produced W's or Z's. It is important to have the best possible theoretical predictions to compare against experiment across the entire range of transverse momentum qT. Previously, theoretical predictions to next-to-leading order in αs have been restricted to the low-qT and high-qT limits. We take the O(α2s) result at large qT, the corresponding soft gluon resummation at low qT, and consistently match them to obtain a result valid to next-to-leading order at all qT. We present numerical results for W and Z production at √s = 630 GeV and 1.8 TeV. Our analysis also provides a new and independent theoretical test of the formalism of resummation in Drell-Yan processes.
New telechelic polymers and sequential copolymers by polyfunctional initiator‐transfer agents (inifers). VII. Synthesis and characterization of α,ω‐di(hydroxy)polyisobutylene

Detailed understanding of the mechanism of initiation and chain transfer in BCl3-coinitiated isobutylene polymerization led to the efficient synthesis of symmetric telechelic polyisobutylenes carrying ∼CH2C(CH3)2Cl groups at either end of the molecule Cl-PIB-Cl. The synthesis is based on the use of inifers, i.e., bifunctional initiator-transfer agents that effect controlled initiation and propagation in the absence of chain transfer to a monomer. Specifically, the synthesis of Cl-PIB-Cl was achieved by the p-dicumyl chloride/BCl3/isobutylene/CH2Cl2 system. According to the inifer mechanism each Cl-PIB-Cl contains two terminal tertiary chlorines and one phenyl group at the interior of the chains. The structure of this new symmetric telechelic polymer has been established by detailed characterization studies including a sensitive new gel permeation chromatography (UV plus RI) analysis method, 1H-NMR, kinetic experiments, and chemical derivatization. The Cl-PIB-Cl molecule is a key intermediate for the synthesis of hosts of new materials, e.g., triblock copolymers, α,ω-diolefins, and α,ω-difunctional polymers.
Age-Related Changes of Chondrogenic Growth Factors in Platelet-Rich Plasma

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections are a novel biological modality to promote tendon and ligament healing. PRP contains many growth factors that play critical roles in chondrogenesis, including insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), human growth hormone, transforming growth factor beta 1, basic fibroblast growth factor, and bone morphogenetic proteins 2, 4, and 7. Because articular cartilage degeneration is correlated with age, it is important to understand whether PRP contains sufficient levels of autologous growth factors across different age-groups for clinical applications in chondral regeneration or repair. PRP was isolated from 40 healthy volunteers between 20 and 60 years of age, and concentrations of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4, basic fibroblast growth factor, human growth hormone, IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins 2 and 3, platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), transforming growth factor beta 1, and vascular endothelial growth factor were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Significant differences with respect to age were detected between subjects less than 30 and >30 years of age for PDGF-BB ( P P P = 0.015). A significant difference was also detected between subjects 40 years of age for PDGF-BB ( P = 0.015). Concentrations of other growth factors did not vary significantly across age-groups, suggesting that the molecular contents of therapeutic potential of PRP are similar for patients aged 20-60 years. Additional research is warranted to establish whether PRP may be beneficial for chondrogenesis in clinical practice and to determine the optimal mix of growth factors for orthopedic applications.
Repression of Human Rights to Personal Integrity in the 1980s: A Global Analysis.

This crossnational study seeks to explain variations in governmental repression of human rights to personal integrity (state terrorism) in a 153-country sample during the eighties. We outline theoretical perspectives on this topic and subject them to empirical tests using a technique appropriate for our pooled cross-sectional time-series design, namely, ordinary least squares with robust standard errors and a lagged dependent variable. We find democracy and participation in civil or international war to have substantively important and statistically significant effects on repression. The effects of economic development and population size are more modest. The hypothesis linking leftist regime types to abuse of personal integrity rights receives some support. We find no reliable evidence that population growth, British cultural influence, military control, or economic growth affect levels of repression. We conclude by considering the implications of our findings for scholars and practitioners concerned with the prevention of personal integrity abuse.
Effect of oxygen barrier coatings on oxidation and embrittlement of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo foil in heat shield applications

Because of the loss of ductility with exposure to oxidizing conditions, long time applications of titanium alloys have been limited to temperatures below 700 K and short time applications have been limited to temperatures below 815 K. Oxygen barrier coatings for shielding Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo alloy from oxidation during exposure to high temperatures were studied using foil gage specimens. The coatings included micrometer-thick sputtered SiO2 and chemical-vapor-deposited silicate layers both with and without an aluminum basecoat. The oxidation rates and resistance to embrittlement of the coated specimens were significantly better than those of the uncoated specimens.
Erythroid differentiation in vitro is blocked by cyclopamine, an inhibitor of hedgehog signaling.

Adult hematopoietic differentiation is a developmental process that employs many of the same molecular mechanisms as embryogenesis. To explore the possibility that hedgehog signaling is involved in the control of hematopoietic differentiation, we screened a panel of human leukemia cell lines for the expression of Patched1 and Smoothened, the receptor and coreceptor for hedgehog ligands. Expression was found in multiple cell lines, and Patched1 expression was detected in normal marrow. Induction of myeloid differentiation in cell lines downregulated expression of both genes. When normal marrow mononuclear cells were grown in semisolid medium in the presence of 10 microM cyclopamine, development of colonies of granulocytic/monocytic lineage was unaffected in terms of both number and morphology. The number of erythroid colonies, however, was significantly reduced (P < 0.01). Furthermore, hemoglobinization was substantially delayed relative to controls in those erythroid colonies that did form. Incubation of hematopoietic progenitors with Shh-N and GM-CSF resulted in increased granulocyte/monocyte colonies (P < 0.01); the increase was blocked by cyclopamine. Incubation of hematopoietic progenitors with Shh-N and stem cell factor resulted in larger erythroid colonies. These results suggest that elements of the hedgehog signaling pathway are involved in the control of hematopoietic differentiation.
A New Twist on Clock Protein Phosphorylation: A Conformational Change Leads to Protein Degradation

Progressive phosphorylation of circadian clock proteins is a hallmark of time-keeping. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Querfurth et al. (2011) demonstrate that phosphorylation of Neurospora FRQ induces a conformational change, which can account for its temporally gated degradation.
Isolation of an antigen from Blastomyces dermatitidis that is specific for the diagnosis of blastomycosis.

The A antigen ofBlastomyces dermatitidis has been isolated and purified by DEAE column chromatography. In the complement-fixation test, the antigen reacted with 10 of 16 sera from patients with proven cases of blastomycosis and was negative with known positive sera from 7 cases of histoplasmosis, 5 cases of coccidioidomycosis, 5 cases of candidiasis, and 5 cases of cryptococcosis. In the enzyme-immunoassay test, 25 of 27 sera from cases of blastomycosis were positive, but all heterologous and normal sera tested were negative. The antigen gave a positive skin test with guinea pigs sensitized with killed yeast-phase cells ofB. dermatitidis and negative skin tests with guinea pigs sensitized with killed yeast-phase cells ofHistoplasma capsulatum.
Early detection of lung adenocarcinoma in sputum by a panel of microRNA markers

Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer deaths in the world. Early detection is the key to improve the survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients. We have previously shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) were stably present in sputum and could be applied to diagnosis of lung cancer. The aim of our study was to develop a panel of miRNAs that can be used as highly sensitive and specific sputum markers for early detection of lung adenocarcinoma. Our study contained 3 phases: (i) marker discovery using miRNA profiling on paired normal and tumor lung tissues from 20 patients with lung adenocarcinoma; (ii) marker optimization by real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction on sputum of a case-control cohort consisting of 36 cancer patients and 36 health individuals and (iii) validation on an independent set of 64 lung cancer patients and 58 cancer-free subjects. From the surgical tissues, 7 miRNAs with significantly altered expression were identified, of which "4" were overexpressed and "3" were underexpressed in all 20 tumors. On the sputum samples of the case-control cohort, 4 (miR-21, miR-486, miR-375 and miR-200b) of the 7 miRNAs were selected, which in combination produced the best prediction in distinguishing lung adenocarcinoma patients from normal subjects with 80.6% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity. Validation of the marker panel in the independent populations confirmed the sensitivity and specificity that provided a significant improvement over any single one alone. The sputum markers demonstrated the potential of translation to laboratory settings for improving the early detection of lung adenocarcinoma.
Bakers' Yeast Reduction of γ and δ Ketonitriles: Intermediates for the Synthesis of (S)-5-Hexanolide and Other Chiral Lactones

Abstract A number of γ and δ ketonitriles have been synthesized and their reduction with bakers yeast carefully studied. Both 4-oxopentanenitrile and 5-oxohexanenitrile are reduced in moderate yields to the corresponding (S) alcohols of high ee while other substrates gave products of varying optical purities. These alcohols are useful intermediates for the preparation of chiral lactones, including the synthetically important (S)(−)-4-methylbutyrolactone and (S)-(−)-5-hexanolide.
Preparing Future Managers to Deal with AIDS/HIV in the Workplace

Abstract How to effectively deal with employees affected by AIDS and HIV (the virus that causes AIDS) is a topic seldom discussed in workplace management education programs or by management educators in their classes. Yet, with the rapidly increasing number of affected workers, it is imperative that managers learn how to deal with the challenges of AIDS/HIV in the workplace. This article describes how business schools can be an appropriate venue for educating future managers about AIDS/HIV.
Chloromercuriferrocene and 1,1’-Bischlqromercuriferrocene

Abstract Two detailed procedures are given for the synthesis and purification of chloromercuriferrocene and 1,1′-bischloro-mercuriferrocene.
Scattering of a Rayleigh Wave by an Elastic Quarter Space-Revisited

The steady-state problem of the scattering of an incident Rayleigh wave by a right angle corner is considered. A stable numerical procedure is developed to solve the governing equations which have been previously derived by the author. The reflection and transmission coefficients can be computed from two independent equations, which provides a check on both the accuracy and correctness of the results. The method used can be extended to other wedge angles both greater than and less than 180°.
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Sediments of the Great Lakes. 2. Lakes Michigan and Huron

Sediment cores were taken in 2002 in Lakes Michigan and Huron at six locations. A total of 75 samples were characterized, dated using 210Pb, and analyzed for 10 congeners of polybromodiphenyl ether (PBDE) including BDE209, as well as 39 congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The concentrations of nine tri- through hepta-BDE congeners (∑9PBDE) in the surficial sediments range from 1.7 to 4 ng g-1 for Lake Michigan and from 1.0 to 1.9 ng g-1 for Lake Huron, on the basis of the dry sediment weight. The ∑9PBDEs fluxes to the sediment around the year 2002 are from 36 to 109 pg cm-2 yr-1 in Lake Michigan and from 30 to 73 pg cm-2 yr-1 in Lake Huron, with spatial variations in both lakes. The flux of BDE209 ranges from 0.64 to 2.04 ng cm-2 yr-1 and from 0.67 to 1.41 ng cm-2 yr-1 in Lake Michigan and Lake Huron, respectively. Dramatic increases in PBDE concentrations and fluxes upward toward the sediment surface and the present time are evident at all locations. The inventory of PBDEs in both lakes appear...
Teaching IT hardware concepts using computer forensics as a motivator

This paper details experiences using computer forensics as a teaching tool to improve student performance and engagement in the "Introductory Hardware and Systems Software" course at a small, liberal arts institution. Students majoring in information systems often approach the hardware course expecting the standard lecture and textbook readings supplemented by an occasional hardware lab. Computer forensics, on the other hand, captures the interest of most students immediately. How to use hardware, software, and networking tools to help solve computer crimes is a problem most students can be easily motivated to investigate. This paper addresses whether the same hardware concepts can be taught using computer forensics as a motivator as would be taught in a "traditional" information technology (IT) hardware class, and whether there are any additional benefits to doing so. Metrics will include: student performance on examinations and an analysis of the breadth of subjects covered and the associated depth of the covered subjects in both scenarios. The discussion includes strategies for matching traditional IT hardware course content to related computer forensics techniques. Additionally, ideas for forensic lab activities in each subject area are outlined.
Delirium Associated with Acyclovir Treatment in a Patient with Renal Failure

Neurotoxicity associated with acyclovir use is infrequently encountered. However, the half-life of acyclovir is greatly prolonged in patients with end-stage renal disease, predisposing these patients to neurological side effects that are generally reversible but occasionally severe. In general, renal dialysis effectively decreases the serum level of acyclovir, which correlates with toxicity. We report an unusual case of delirium and coma in a patient undergoing hemodialysis who was receiving what appeared to be an appropriately adjusted dose of acyclovir.
Evolution of Residual Stresses in Thin Films Deposited on Mechanically Strained Substrates

A simple model for the formation of residual stresses in thin films deposited on elastically strained substrates was derived and experimentally tested. In the experiments, Cu thin films were deposited on elastically stretched nickel substrates. These Cu films were2 to 4μm thick and were deposited through vapor phase evaporation or electroplating. The loads applied during the deposition were then relaxed, and the total stress in both the film and the substrate were monitored (by x-ray diffraction) during this relaxation. It was seen that the final (residual) film stresses were significantly different for bothdeposition methods. The causes of such differences are discussed.
SQUID-based high-resolution thermometer

Abstract High-resolution thermometers (HRTs) based on the detection of magnetization changes of a magnetic material using very sensitive superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) have routinely achieved temperature resolution of 0.1 nK/ Hz at temperatures below 4 K in several laboratories. The resolution of these thermometers has reached the fundamental limit imposed by thermodynamic fluctuations. The principle of operation as well as the theory of the noise are presented. Some recent discoveries using HRT are discussed.