cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Colloidal Agglomerates in Tank Sludge and Their Impact on Waste Processing

Disposal of millions of gallons of existing radioactive wastes in underground storage tanks is a major remediation activity for the United States Department of Energy. These wastes include a substantial volume of insoluble sludges consisting of submicron colloidal particles. Processing these sludges under the proposed processing conditions presents unique challenges in retrieval transport, separation, and solidification of these waste streams. Depending on processing conditions, these colloidal particles can form agglomerated networks having high viscosities that could clog transfer lines or produce high volumes of low-density sediments that interfere with solid-liquid separations. Under different conditions, these particles can be dispersed to form very fine suspended particles that do not settle. Given the wide range of waste chemistries present at Department of Energy sites, it is impractical to measure the properties of all treatment procedures. Under the current research activities, the underlying principles of colloid chemistry and physics are being studied to predict and eventually control the physical properties of sludge suspensions and sediment layers in tank wastes and other waste processing streams. Proposed tank processing strategies include retrieval transport, and solid-liquid separations in basic (pH 10 to 14), high ionic strength (0.1 to 1.0 M) salt solutions. The effect of salt concentration, ionic strength, and salt composition on the physical properties such as viscosity, agglomerate size, and sedimentation of model suspensions containing mixtures of one or two of the major components found in actual wastes have been measured to understand how agglomeration influences processing. Property models developed from theory and experiment on these simple suspensions are then applied to explain the results obtained on actual wastes.
Research participants telling the truth about their lives: The ethics of asking and not asking about abuse.

Most discussions of the ethics of self-report research on abuse and interpersonal violence focus on the risks of asking participants about their experiences. An important element of the cost-benefit analysis--the costs of not asking about child abuse--has largely been ignored. Furthermore, little research has been conducted on the costs and benefits of child abuse research, leaving researchers to make decisions based on individual beliefs about such issues as the prevalence of abuse, the likelihood of disclosure, the effects of child abuse, and the ability of abuse survivors to give informed consent. The authors suggest that these beliefs tend to overemphasize survivors' vulnerability and ignore the costs of avoiding asking about abuse. In fact, these beliefs may reinforce societal avoidance of abuse and ultimately harm abuse survivors.
Heat capacity and entropy at the temperatures 5 K to 720 K and thermal expansion from the temperatures 298 K to 573 K of synthetic enargite (Cu3AsS4)

Abstract The heat capacity of synthetic Cu3AsS4(enargite) was measured by quasi-adiabatic calorimetry from the temperatures 5 K to 355 K and by differential scanning calorimetry fromT= 339 K toT= 720 K. Heat-capacity anomalies were observed atT= (58.5 ± 0.5) K (ΔtrsHm°= 1.4·R·K; ΔtrsSm°= 0.02·R) and atT= (66.5 ± 0.5) K (ΔtrsHm= 4.6·R·K; ΔtrsSm= 0.08·R), whereR= 8.31451 J·K−1·mol−1. The causes of the anomalies are unknown. AtT= 298.15 K,Cp,m°andSm°(T) are (190.4 ± 0.2) J·K−1·mol−1and (257.6 ± 0.6) J·K−1·mol−1, respectively. The superambient heat capacities are described fromT= 298.15 K toT= 944 K by the least-squares regression equation:Cp,m°/(J·K−1·mol−1) = (196.7 ± 1.2) + (0.0499 ± 0.0016)·(T/K) − (1918 000 ± 84 000)·(T/K)−2. The thermal expansion of synthetic enargite was measured fromT= 298.15 K toT= 573 K by powder X-ray diffraction. The thermal expansion of the unit-cell volume (Z= 2) is described fromT= 298.15 K toT= 573 K by the least-squares equation:V/pm3= 106·(288.2 ± 0.2) + 104·(1.49 ± 0.04)·(T/K).
Rates of coalescence for common epidemiological models at equilibrium.

Coalescent theory provides a mathematical framework for quantitatively interpreting gene genealogies. With the increased availability of molecular sequence data, disease ecologists now regularly apply this body of theory to viral phylogenies, most commonly in attempts to reconstruct demographic histories of infected individuals and to estimate parameters such as the basic reproduction number. However, with few exceptions, the mathematical expressions at the core of coalescent theory have not been explicitly linked to the structure of epidemiological models, which are commonly used to mathematically describe the transmission dynamics of a pathogen. Here, we aim to make progress towards establishing this link by presenting a general approach for deriving a model’s rate of coalescence under the assumption that the disease dynamics are at their endemic equilibrium. We apply this approach to four common families of epidemiological models: standard susceptible-infected-susceptible/susceptible-infected-recovered/susceptible-infected-recovered-susceptible models, models with individual heterogeneity in infectivity, models with an exposed but not yet infectious class and models with variable distributions of the infectious period. These results improve our understanding of how epidemiological processes shape viral genealogies, as well as how these processes affect levels of viral diversity and rates of genetic drift. Finally, we discuss how a subset of these coalescent rate expressions can be used for phylodynamic inference in non-equilibrium settings. For the ones that are limited to equilibrium conditions, we also discuss why this is the case. These results, therefore, point towards necessary future work while providing intuition on how epidemiological characteristics of the infection process impact gene genealogies.
The Impact of Using Multiple Antennas on Wireless Localization

We show that signal strength variability can be reduced by employing multiple low-cost antennas at fixed locations. We further explore the impact of this reduction on wireless localization by analyzing a representative set of algorithms ranging from fingerprint matching, to statistical maximum likelihood estimation, and to multilateration. We provide experimental evaluation using an indoor wireless testbed of the localization performance under multiple antennas. We found that in nearly all cases the performance of localization algorithms improved when using multiple antennas. Specifically, the median and the 90th percentile error can be reduced up to 70%. Additionally, we found that multiple antennas improve the localization stability significantly, up to 100% improvement, when there are small scale 3-dimensional movements of a mobile device around a given location.
HaploPool: improving haplotype frequency estimation through DNA pools and phylogenetic modeling

Motivation: The search for genetic variants that are linked to complex diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s, or Alzheimer’s disease, may lead to better treatments. Since haplotypes can serve as proxies for hidden variants, one method of finding the linked variants is to look for case-control associations between the haplotypes and disease. Finding these associations requires a high-quality estimation of the haplotype frequencies in the population. To this end, we present, HAPLOPOOL, a method of estimating haplotype frequencies from blocks of consecutive SNPs. Results: HAPLOPOOL leverages the efficiency of DNA pools and estimates the population haplotype frequencies from pools of disjoint sets, each containing two or three unrelated individuals. We study the trade-off between pooling efficiency and accuracy of haplotype frequency estimates. For a fixed genotyping budget, HAPLOPOOL performs favorably on pools of two individuals as compared with a state-of-the-art non-pooled phasing method, PHASE. Of independent interest, HAPLOPOOL can be used to phase non-pooled genotype data with an accuracy approaching that of PHASE. We compared our algorithm to three programs that estimate haplotype frequencies from pooled data. HAPLOPOOL is an order of magnitude more efficient (at least six times faster), and considerably more accurate than previous methods. In contrast to previous methods, HAPLOPOOL performs well with missing data, genotyping errors and long haplotype blocks (of between 5 and 25 SNPs). Availability: The HAPLOPOOL software is available at: http://haplo
Making Patents and Intellectual Property Work: The Asymmetrical “Harmonization” of TRIPS

Patents are a performance, in both their creation and subsequent enactions. They require skill, tacit/embodied knowledge, and practice if they are to be successfully enacted. Western intellectual property law, however, is blind to the performative aspect of patents. This sociolegal reality has helped to create significant asymmetries between nations, particularly after the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) exported Western patent law to all comers of the globe. The article begins by reviewing the philosophical underpinnings of Western patent law, focusing specifically on those aspects that locate intellectual property within the disembodied subject. Next, attention turns to detailing the formation and implementation of TRIPS. Two asymmetries created by TRIPS are then discussed, which take place at the front and back ends of the patenting process. When taken together, these asymmetries work to further lock in global inequalities. The article concludes with suggestions about how these global inequalities might be reduced in light of this argument.
Effect of Frequency of Gathering Eggs Upon Hatchability

Abstract THE maintenance of maximum hatchability throughout the year is of paramount importance to both the hatcheryman and the poultry breeder. Every effort should be made to maintain embryo vitality at the highest peak possible from the time the egg is laid until it is placed in the incubator. It has generally been thought that the same management practices advocated for maintaining market egg quality should apply to hatching eggs. One of the recommended practices has been to gather hatching eggs frequently, particularly in summer and winter, when extreme heat or cold might effect the vitality of the chick embryo. This study was initiated to provide experimental data concerning the frequency of gathering eggs in all four seasons of the year in New Hampshire and the effect on subsequent hatchability. LITERATURE REVIEW Dossin (1950) and Earle (1950) both stressed the importance of frequent gathering of eggs to provide maximum quality regardless …
Unfolded DapA forms aggregates when diluted into free solution, confounding comparison with folding by the GroEL/GroES chaperonin system

A recent hydrogen–deuterium exchange study of folding of the GroEL/GroES-dependent bacterial enzyme DapA has suggested that the DapA folding pathway when free in solution may differ from the folding pathway used in the presence of the GroEL/GroES chaperonin. Here, we have investigated whether DapA aggregation might be occurring in free solution under the conditions of the exchange experiment, as this would confound interpretation of the pathway predictions. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) data, sedimentation analysis and refolding yield indicate that significant aggregation occurs upon dilution of DapA from denaturant, bringing into question the earlier conclusion that different folding pathways occur in the absence and presence of the chaperonin system.
Modeling pattern transfer in ion-beam lithography masks

In an effort to maintain pattern transfer errors in stencil mask membranes within acceptable tolerances, finite element (FE) models and techniques are being developed at the University of Wisconsin's Computational Mechanics Center in cooperation with Ionen Mikrofabikations Systeme (IMS), Vienna. FE calculations allow for detailed studies of various design scenarios before the efforts of physical implementation are required. Critical issues such as mask geometry, stencil pattern geometry, gravitational loading, and the SOI fabrication process can, therefore, be accurately addressed in a timely and cost-effective manner.
Intelligent sharpness enhancement for video post-processing

Sharpness enhancement is one of the post-processing stages in the consumer electronics video chain that operates in an open-loop mode. Although adaptive behavior is possible, in general there is no feedback system aimed at maximizing perceived quality. In this paper we introduce a control system and metric for sharpness enhancement algorithms. We also discuss the options of implementing an internal or local control loop, i.e., to control the basic sharpness enhancement engine at the pixel or region level, and an external or global control loop for sharpness enhancement module.
The three‐stage assessment process: Issues and implications

The three-stage process of assessment is a structured, complete approach to the appraisal of a whole child. These systematic procedures insure due consideration for all factors affecting educational functioning. Stage 1 is designed to detgermine physical, mental, or emotional disability; Stage 2 to identify significant educational needs; Stage 3 to identify specific learning competencies and necessary instructional and related services. When all three stages are correctly and adequately addressed, the inherent bias in standardized tests will be offset by the identificantion of learning competencies and the subsequent development of appropriate learning strategies.
The Impact of Fatigue on Patients with Cancer: Overview of FATIGUE 1 and 2.

Fatigue is a complex, multifactorial disorder with physical, mental, and psychological dimensions that has been associated with diminished quality of life (QOL) in patients with cancer. The prevalence and severity of fatigue, however, has only recently been studied systematically. Two national surveys commissioned by The Fatigue Coalition, a multidisciplinary group of medical practitioners, researchers, and patient advocates, whose mission is to study the importance of fatigue for patients with cancer and their caregivers, have assessed the prevalence, severity, and QOL consequences of fatigue in patients with cancer. The most recent survey, initiated in 1998, sought to confirm and extend observations on the prevalence and impact of fatigue in patients with cancer as part of an initiative to develop guidelines for the differential diagnosis and treatment of fatigue. The FATIGUE 2 study probed the emotional, social, physical, and economic impact of fatigue on patients with cancer and their caregivers. Patient perceptions of the professional response to cancer-related fatigue were also assessed. The key findings of these surveys are reviewed.
Social Work and Religious Diversity: Problems and Possibilities

After exploring reasons why social workers need to engage in a kind of dialogue with their clients' religious beliefs and values, this article offers “virtues” that are required for such a dialogue. It then takes up problems that religious convictions can create both for the client and for the social worker. To deal with the problems, the article concludes with the resources that religion offers the social worker both for dealing with clients and for her or his personal life.
A homozygous mutation in MSH6 causes Turcot syndrome.

Heterozygous mutations in one of the DNA mismatch repair genes cause hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (MIM114500). Turcot syndrome (MIM276300) has been described as the association of central nervous system malignant tumors and familial colorectal cancer and has been reported to be both a dominant and recessive disorder. Homozygous and compound heterozygous mutations in APC, MLH1, MSH2, and PMS2 genes have been reported in five families. Here we describe a nonconsanguineous Pakistani family, including a son with lymphoma and colorectal cancer diagnosed at ages 5 and 8, respectively, and an 8-year-old daughter with glioblastoma multiforme. Both children had features of neurofibromatosis type 1 including atypical cafe au lait spots and axillary freckling without a family history consistent with neurofibromatosis type 1, familial adenomatous polyposis, or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. Mutational analysis was done for MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6 using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and sequencing of a blood sample from the daughter. A novel homozygous single base insertion mutation was identified (3634insT) resulting in a premature stop at codon 1,223 in exon 7 of the MSH6 gene. Both parents were found to be heterozygous for the 3634insT mutation. Microsatellite instability testing showed instability in the glioblastoma sample. We report here the first identification of a homozygous mutation in MSH6 in a family with childhood-onset brain tumor, lymphoma, colorectal cancer, and neurofibromatosis type 1 phenotype. Our findings support a role for MSH6 in Turcot syndrome and are consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.
The effectiveness of control structure diagrams in source code comprehension activities

Recently, the first two in a series of planned comprehension experiments were performed to measure the effect of the control structure diagram (CSD) on program comprehensibility. Upper- and lower-division computer science and software engineering students were asked to respond to questions regarding the structure and execution of one source code module of a public domain graphics library. The time taken for each response and the correctness of each response was recorded. Statistical analysis of the data collected from these two experiments revealed that the CSD was highly significant in enhancing the subjects' performance in this program comprehension task. The results of these initial experiments promise to shed light on fundamental questions regarding the effect of software visualizations on program comprehensibility.
V2 Loop Glycosylation of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 SF162 Envelope Facilitates Interaction of This Protein with CD4 and CCR5 Receptors and Protects the Virus from Neutralization by Anti-V3 Loop and Anti-CD4 Binding Site Antibodies

We examined the role of asparagine-linked glycosylation of the V2 loop of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) SF162 envelope on viral replication potential and neutralization susceptibility. We report that the asparagines located at the amino- and carboxy-terminal sites (at positions 154 and 195, respectively), as well as within the V2 loop of the SF162 envelope (at position 186), are glycosylated during in vitro replication of this virus in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Our studies indicate that glycosylation of the V2 loop, in particular at its base, facilitates the interaction of the HIV envelope with the CD4 and CCR5 receptor molecules present on the surface of target cells and affects viral replication kinetics in a cell type-dependent manner. In cells expressing high numbers of receptor molecules on their surfaces, the SF162-derived V2 loop-deglycosylated mutant viruses replicate as efficiently as the parental SF162 virus, while in cells expressing small numbers of receptor molecules, the mutant viruses replicate with markedly reduced efficiency. In addition to expanding the viral tropism, V2 loop glycosylation at the three sites examined prevents neutralization by anti-CD4 binding site antibodies. In contrast, glycosylation at the amino- and carboxy-terminal sites of the V2 loop but not within the loop itself offers protection against anti-V3 loop antibodies. Thus, the epitopes masked by the sugar molecules present on the three glycosylation sites examined are not identical but overlap.
Endoscopic evaluation of patients with partial gastrectomy and iron deficiency.

Endoscopy is indicated for the evaluation of unexplained iron deficiency to rule out neoplasia. Iron deficiency is common in postgastrectomy patients. The endoscopic yield for significant pathology in these patients is unknown but is expected to be lower than for other iron-deficient groups. A retrospective case-control study with 2:1 matching was performed comparing iron-deficient patients (ferritin 1 cm) colon polyps (8.3% vs 5.2%), or the presence of any adenomatous colon polyp (28.6% vs 18.9%). There were no malignancies. In conclusion, prevalence of clinically significant pathology is similar for postgastrectomy and nonpostgastrectomy iron-deficient patients. Endoscopic evaluation of iron deficiency should not differ in postgastrectomy patients.
Treg activation defect in type 1 diabetes: correction with TNFR2 agonism.

Activated T-regulatory cells (aTregs) prevent or halt various forms of autoimmunity. We show that type 1 diabetics (T1D) have a Treg activation defect through an increase in resting Tregs (rTregs, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+CD45RA) and decrease in aTregs (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+CD45RO) (n= 55 T1D, n=45 controls, P=0.01). The activation defect persists life long in T1D subjects (T1D=45, controls=45, P=0.01, P=0.04). Lower numbers of aTregs had clinical significance because they were associated with a trend for less residual C-peptide secretion from the pancreas (P=0.08), and poorer HbA1C control (P=0.03). In humans, the tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) is obligatory for Treg induction, maintenance and expansion of aTregs. TNFR2 agonism is a method for stimulating Treg conversion from resting to activated. Using two separate in vitro expansion protocols, TNFR2 agonism corrected the T1D activation defect by triggering conversion of rTregs into aTregs (n=54 T1D, P<0.001). TNFR2 agonism was superior to standard protocols and TNF in proliferating Tregs. In T1D, TNFR2 agonist-expanded Tregs were homogeneous and functionally potent by virtue of suppressing autologous cytotoxic T cells in a dose-dependent manner comparable to controls. Targeting the TNFR2 receptor for Treg expansion in vitro demonstrates a means to correct the activation defect in T1D.
Net Energy Analysis for Sustainable Energy Production From Silicon Based Solar Cells

A number of detailed studies on the energy requirements on the three types of photovoltaic (PV) materials, which make up the majority of the active solar market: single crystal, polycrystalline, and amorphous silicon were reviewed. It was found that modern PV cells based on these silicon technologies pay for themselves in terms of energy in a few years (1–5 years). They thus generate enough energy over their lifetimes to reproduce themselves many times (6–31 reproductions) depending on what type of material, balance of system, and the geographic location of the system. It was found that regardless of material, built-in PV systems are a superior ecological choice to centralized PV plants. Finally, the results indicate that efficiency plays a secondary role to embodied energy in the overall net energy production of modern solar cells.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Eye Movements in Human Performance Modeling of Space Shuttle Operations

The goal of our research is to easily develop models that predict astronaut performance in space shuttle operations, but it is difficult to make extrapolations from astronaut training data. A solution is to decompose a complex task into a set of basic operators which are sequenced to create longer chains of behavior. In this modeling project, gaze durations and sequences are predicted and compared to the performance of novice (trained pilots) and expert (astronaut) space shuttle operators. The model makes generally good zero-parameter predictions of gaze durations, but there are notable discrepancies. The gaze sequence of the model is more similar to expert performance than novice performance, but there are differences from both. It appears that with more training, experts develop different gaze sequence strategies than novices due to familiarity with fault messages and procedures. Future modeling efforts should have their gaze sequence strategies based on expert performance.
Erythropoietin therapy for anemia of prematurity

Recombinant human erythropoietin administration may prove to be a valuable adjunct in the treatment of the anemia of prematurity. This report provides an overview of fetal and neonatal erythropoiesis, the biology of erythropoietin, and the pathophysiology of the anemia of prematurity. The clinical trials using recombinant human erythropoietin in the treatment of anemia of prematurity are reviewed. Important considerations of this therapy are discussed.
G204(P) Promoting positive practice – Using an alternative approach to organisational learning to improve care

Background Learning in the NHS has evolved to focus on the analyses of mistakes: adverse incident reporting; serious incidents requiring investigation; complaints. An alternative approach, focussing on the behaviours, processes and systems, which deliver safe, high quality care often in complex, time pressured and resource-constrained settings does exist [1]. As yet this approach, Safety II, is underused in the NHS. While we recognise that it is essential to learn when things go wrong, we hope to balance the culture of learning in the NHS by promoting the recognition and reinforcement of positive practice. Method We have adapted the Favourable Event Reporting Form (FERF) initiative from a neighbouring trust [2]. A FERF (see Figure 1) can be written by anyone (from porter to patient to professor) who notes an event that has made a positive difference to a patient’s care (see Figure 2: FERFs Submitted and Received by members of the MDT). We collect data from all FERFs completed for further evaluation. Events are collated monthly into clinical and practice themes as well as quality domains and trust values. Summaries are displayed on the FERF notice boards and fed back via departmental meetings. When named, teams and individuals receive a letter of recognition. Results Between January and August 2015 sixty seven favourable events were reported. Managing the sick child and deteriorating child escalation have been the most common clinical situations. The most frequent practice themes are team work, preparedness and ensuring a positive experience of care (see Figure 3 Practice themes identified by FERF). Patient centred care is by far the most popular quality domain. As a division we are commencing root cause analysis on some FERFs each month to fully understand why things went well and how we can ensure replication of such positive events. Discussion Positive deviance and appreciative enquiry approaches such as this encourage organisations to emphasise and learn from positives, transforming the culture into one where positive becomes the norm [3–5]. The recognition of positive events undoubtedly raises morale and our initiative has been well supported. The next stage is to determine how we measure the impact in improving patient care and staff morale.
Synthesis and characterization of polyesters derived from sebacic acid, hexanediol, and hydroquinone

ABSTRACTOils and fats derived from animals and plants provide a good renewable source for polymer precursors. In this investigation, fatty acids derived from plant oils and diols were used as monomers to produce polyesters by melt polycondensation. Sebacic acid, hexanediol, and hydroquinone were used as precursors in the polymer synthesis. The polymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, three-bending point flexural test, X-ray diffraction, tensile testing, and contact angle. The resulting polyesters were blended with epoxies to create materials with an increased elongation at break without affecting other mechanical properties.
Optofluidic Wavelength Division Multiplexing for Single Biomolecule Sensing

We discuss the use of multimode interferometer waveguides for spectrally and spatially multiplexed particle detection on optofluidic chips. Large signal-to-noise enhancements and differentiated detection of single influenza viruses are demonstrated. Article not available.
Teaching Accelerated Second‐Degree Nursing Students: Educators From Across the United States Share Their Wisdom

PROBLEM Over the past decade, there has been a proliferation of accelerated second-degree (ASD) nursing programs. These programs are designed to educate students with prior degrees in increasingly shorter periods of time than they have traditionally been educated. As a result, nurse educators and administrators in these programs need to tailor their approaches to best meet the educational needs of this unique cohort. METHODS This qualitative study sought to elicit best practices from nursing faculty across the United States. Previous investigators primarily examined a limited number of programs from the same region. In this study, a roughly equal number of participants experienced in teaching ASD students from across the United States were recruited. Initially focus groups were conducted to form a semistructured interview guideline, which was then was used to guide participant interviews. FINDINGS Results of the interview data were analyzed using standard qualitative research techniques of concept analyses. Themes that emerged were (a) extreme organization, (b) engage students through active listening, (c) mutual respect, (d) engage via life/work experience, (e) effective pedagogy adaptations, and (f) early immersion. CONCLUSION The specifics of these themes will be useful in guiding faculty and program directors involved with ASD nursing students.
Implementing Lean LaunchPad methodology into an engineering professional development course

This paper chronicles the latest collaborative project between the engineering and business colleges at the University of Oklahoma (OU). The focus for this research is to study the effect of introducing and utilizing the Value Proposition concept from Lean Launch Pad (LLP) in an engineering professional development course. LLP is a new way of thinking about innovative ideas and startups that requires a significant amount of evidence from customers to validate ideas before they are pursued. At OU, business/entrepreneurship students have been taught the LLP methodology in numerous courses since 2012. In the spring 2016 semester this methodology was conveyed to a group of engineering students in a course titled ENGR 2002 - Professional Development. ENGR 2002 is a project-based course where students work almost exclusively in multidisciplinary teams. It emphasizes important topics that are outside the technical scope of the engineering degree, such as leadership, project management, engineering ethics, entrepreneurship, and communication. In this study, four ENGR 2002 sections acted as the control groups, where they were taught the traditional entrepreneurship content in the course and completed the same assignments as were done in previous semesters. However, two ENGR 2002 sections were taught about the LLP process and it was infused into their assignments so they could put the theory into practice. The purpose of the research was to see the impact the LLP methodology has on the quality of the assignment submissions. In order to evaluate the quality of the engineering students' work, business students trained in the LLP methodology reviewed assignments from both of the engineering student groups (the LLP and non-LLP cohorts). When performing a comparative analysis of the engineering students' submissions, there was an expectation of significantly higher quality for those that received LLP instruction and utilized the LLP methodology in their assignments. The results showed modest improvements, but more dramatic increases are expected with some pedagogical modifications. There were many lessons that were learned as a result of this study that are described in the paper. These lessons will serve as a valuable data points in future integrations of LLP in engineering courses at OU or other universities. By continuing to foster the collaboration between the engineering and business colleges at OU an increasing number of students are gaining valuable cross-disciplinary knowledge and experience that will be beneficial to them in their careers.
Learning to Notice Mathematics Instruction: Using Video to Develop Preservice Teachers' Vision of Ambitious Pedagogy

ABSTRACTVideo is used extensively in teacher preparation, raising questions about what and how preservice teachers learn through video observation and analysis. We investigate the development of candidates' noticing of ambitious mathematics pedagogy in the context of a video-based course designed to cultivate ways of seeing and interpreting classroom interactions. Qualitative analysis of candidates' observations of teaching at the beginning and end of the course generated a framework of practices and associated approaches for noticing instructional interactions. The 3 practices include attending to features of instruction, elaborating on observations, and integrating observations to reason about instruction. Findings reveal that variations in candidates' noticing was tied to their attention to the details of the features of ambitious pedagogy and to the extent to which they integrated observations to examine the relation between student thinking, teaching practice, and mathematical content.
Abstract 325: Animal Models of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension Show Impaired Renal Sodium Chloride Cotransporter (NCC) Function

Aim: These studies test the hypothesis that norepinephrine (NE) impairs renal NCC regulation to evoke salt-sensitive hypertension in Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Dahl Salt-Sensitive (DSS) rats. Methods: SD rats receiving a s.c. saline vehicle or NE (600ng/min) infusion were fed a 0.4% (NS) or high 8% NaCl (HS) diet for 14 days. Naive DSS rats were placed on a NS or HS diet for 21 days. On day 14 or 21, MAP and peak natriuresis to i.v. hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ; 2mg/kg) infusion was assessed. Plasma NE was measured and NCC immunoblotting was performed on kidney cortex tissue (N=5/6). Results: Excess NE significantly increased MAP and plasma NE levels in NE infused SD rats. A HS diet further increased plasma NE levels and MAP in both NE infused SD and DSS rats. HS intake failed to suppress NCC activity in NE infused SD rats and naive DSS rats. Impaired NCC expression was shown in NE and HS treated SD rats. Conclusion: These findings reveal that NE infusion combined with a high salt diet in a salt-resistant phenotype evokes the physiological responses found in a genetic model of salt-sensitive hypertension. These data from both animal models support a direct role of NE on NCC function and the pathophysiology of salt-sensitivity.
Single and multiple atomic dipole radiators

The radiation from dipole atoms situated in a general loss-less electromagnetic environment is studied in a fully quantized model by direct factorization of the Hamiltonian. The factorized Hamiltonian feature coupled excitations of the atoms and fields.
The Relationship Between Masculinity, Femininity, and Criminal Thinking in Male and Female Offenders

The 4 factor scales of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) were correlated with the Femininity and Masculinity scales of the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) in 100 adult male (33% Caucasian, 44% African American, 21% Hispanic, 1% other) and 100 adult female (50% Caucasian, 30% African American, 8% Hispanic, 12% other) federal prison inmates. It was hypothesized that the BSRI Masculinity scale would correlate negatively with the PICTS problem avoidance scale and positively with the PICTS self-deception/assertion scale, and that the BSRI Femininity scale would correlate negatively with the PICTS interpersonal hostility scale and positively with PICTS denial of harm scale. In male inmates, as predicted, the BSRI masculinity scale correlated negatively with the PICTS problem avoidance scale and positively with the self-deception/assertion scale, although the latter coefficient fell short of statistical significance. In the case of female inmates the BSRI femininity scale correlated positively with denial of harm but failed to correlate significantly with interpersonal hostility. The implications of these results are discussed.
Government: The Fourth Factor

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the forces that led the classical economists to ignore or minimize the role of government; the failure of Keynesian macroeconomists to understand the structural changes in the post-World War II American economy; and the need for a dynamic model of societal behavior if the relations between government and economic development are to be seen with clarity. It discusses how economists went far astray in appraising the role of government; why most American economists have continued to rely on the earlier model of competitive markets; and the new framework that must be put into place if the interactions between government and the economy are to be understood.
Use of fibrinopeptide A measurements in the diagnosis and management of thrombosis.

From the clinical and laboratory point of view, it would be extremely useful to have laboratory tests which could help with the diagnosis of thrombosis. These tests could be divided into those which would diagnose the established lesion and those which would tell the physician that the patient was at a high risk of developing thrombosis — that is, assist in the prediction of thrombosis. From the treatment point of view, it would be most useful to have laboratory tests which would serve as an index of whether the treatment was being effective or not. The most important problem with regard to thrombosis and embolism is of course prevention. The ability to prevent the occurrence of thrombosis and embolism requires the availability of tests which would permit prediction of a high risk of clinical disorder.
Temperature Effects in Diffractive Atom-Surface Scattering: Perturbation Theory Formulae

The thermally-induced change in diffracted intensity is expressed in terms of the general effective (optical) potential for atom-surface diffraction. When the surface corrugation is negligible, the decrease of specular intensity is given explicitly in terms of the imaginary part of this potential; a similar formula applies in general for the overall decrease in total diffracted intensity. The thermal effects on the intensities of the individual diffracted beams are also written down explicitly, to leading order of perturbation theory. It is shown how the results reduce to the eikonal and hard-wall formulas in the appropriate limits; the main correction comes from the fact that, if the gas atom-solid atom potential is of the form exp(-βr), the effect of phonon processes involving parallel momentum transfer q is decreased, approximately, by exp(-q2zt/β), where zt is the average turning point.
Comparative Outcomes of Radial and Bucket-Handle Meniscal Tear Repair: A Propensity-Matched Analysis.

Background:Full-thickness radial meniscal tears render the meniscus nonfunctional and have historically been treated with partial meniscectomy. As preservative techniques evolve for radial repair, ...
Decorrelating Kinetic and Relaxation Parameters in Exchange Saturation Transfer NMR: A Case Study of N-Terminal Huntingtin Peptides Binding to Unilamellar Lipid Vesicles

Dark state exchange saturation transfer (DEST) and lifetime line-broadening (ΔR2, the difference in the measured transverse relaxation rates for the observable species in the presence and absence of exchange with a species characterized by very large intrinsic transverse relaxation rates) have proven to be powerful NMR tools for studying exchange phenomena between a NMR visible species and a high-molecular weight, “dark”, NMR invisible state. However, in the exchange regime, where the transverse spin relaxation rates in the bound state (R2bound) are smaller than the strength of the DEST saturation radio frequency field, typically corresponding to systems below ∼6 MDa, the combination of DEST and ΔR2 data, while sufficient to define the apparent association rate constant, cannot unambiguously determine the population of the bound state pB and R2bound values independently. We show that the latter exchange and relaxation parameters can be decorrelated by the measurement of the maximal value of the contributi...
Testing modified zeros for Poisson regression models.

Excessive zeros are common in practice and may cause overdispersion and invalidate inferences when fitting Poisson regression models. Zero-inflated Poisson regression models may be applied if there...
Investigation of cadmium telluride grown by molecular-beam epitaxy using micro-Raman spectroscopy below and above the laser damage threshold

The effects of visible laser light on cadmium telluride (CdTe), grown by molecular beam epitaxy, are studied at low (48 μW/μm2) and high (480 μW/μm2) laser power densities using micro-Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectrum of CdTe shows no notable change at low power density ∼48 μW/μm2 for prolonged laser exposure. At higher power density ∼480 μW/μm2, the Raman spectrum is significantly changed and strong Te-related peaks appear in the spectrum, even for short laser exposure times suggesting that photo-induced Te enrichment happens at the CdTe surface at high laser power density. The temperature rise is estimated from observed shifts in the Te and CdTe optical phonon peaks and modeled using finite-element simulations. At laser power 480 μW/μm2, the CdTe exhibits a rise of ∼44 °C above room temperature while the observed change in Te temperature is significantly higher, ∼179 °C. The approach illustrates steps needed to establish the laser damage threshold for CdTe.The effects of visible laser light on cadmium telluride (CdTe), grown by molecular beam epitaxy, are studied at low (48 μW/μm2) and high (480 μW/μm2) laser power densities using micro-Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectrum of CdTe shows no notable change at low power density ∼48 μW/μm2 for prolonged laser exposure. At higher power density ∼480 μW/μm2, the Raman spectrum is significantly changed and strong Te-related peaks appear in the spectrum, even for short laser exposure times suggesting that photo-induced Te enrichment happens at the CdTe surface at high laser power density. The temperature rise is estimated from observed shifts in the Te and CdTe optical phonon peaks and modeled using finite-element simulations. At laser power 480 μW/μm2, the CdTe exhibits a rise of ∼44 °C above room temperature while the observed change in Te temperature is significantly higher, ∼179 °C. The approach illustrates steps needed to establish the laser damage threshold for CdTe.
Targeted Imaging of VCAM-1 mRNA in a Mouse Model of Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization Using Antisense Hairpin-DNA-Functionalized Gold-Nanoparticles

Mouse laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (mouse LCNV) recapitulates the “wet” form of human age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is a known inflammatory biomarker, and it increases in the choroidal neovascular tissues characteristic of this experimental model. We have designed and constructed gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with hairpin-DNA that incorporates an antisense sequence complementary to VCAM-1 mRNA (AS-VCAM-1 hAuNPs) and tested them as optical imaging probes. The 3′ end of the hairpin is coupled to a near-infrared fluorophore that is quenched by the AuNP surface via Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Hybridization of the antisense sequence to VCAM-1 mRNA displaces the fluorophore away from the AuNP surface, inducing fluorescent activity. In vitro testing showed that hAuNPs hybridize to an exogenous complementary oligonucleotide within a pH range of 4.5–7.4, and that they are stable at reduced pH. LCNV mice received tail-vein ...
Discretion and National Policy: National Law Enforcement and Veterans Affairs Abuses

Many federal government agencies operate with relatively little external oversight in an environment that can produce violations of constitutional rights as well as outright fraud. This chapter reviews questionable behavior in large federal agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and Veterans Administration (VA). Historical abuses under Director J. Edgar Hoover and the more recent questionable behavior of Director James Comey underscore the need to place limits on the discretionary power of national law enforcement organizations. Hoover’s actions raise questions about violations of civil liberties in the name of national security. Comey’s behavior addresses the issue of the intrusion of national law enforcement agents into electoral politics. Whistleblowing as a check on power remains a relevant topic for discussion. The chapter describes how the disclosures of high-ranking FBI official Mark Felt helped to end the presidency of Richard Nixon and how the actions of VA physicians exposed widespread fraud in the system. In the absence of internal disclosures, it is likely that illegal behavior within the government would have continued. Such behavior may even have been adopted as standard operating procedures by bureaucrats seeking personal gain.
The effect of copper on the sub-bandgap density of states of CdTe solar cells

Two optical sub-bandgap transitions in CdTe thin-film solar cells have been identified using detailed transient photocapacitance and transient photocurrent spectroscopy measurements. A broad response centered at EV + 0.9 eV directly correlates with the quantity of Cu present in the absorber layer, while a second response at EV + 1.2 eV does not depend on Cu or Zn and may be an intrinsic defect. These results demonstrate the influence of Cu on the sub-bandgap density of states of CdTe, and they are critical to understanding, modeling, and improving its optoelectronic properties.
Allusion as Narrative Premise in Brahms’s Instrumental Music

A description of Johannes Brahms traditionally contains the word “absolutist,” but new scholarship reveals that he may not be quite as “black and white” as previously believed. Brahms clearly demon...
TLR4 counteracts BVRA signaling in human leukocytes via differential regulation of AMPK, mTORC1 and mTORC2

TLR4 is implicated in diseases associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, yet homeostatic signaling mechanisms that prevent and/or are affected by chronic TLR4 activation are largely uncharacterized. We recently reported that LPS/TLR4 activates in human leukocytes signaling intermediates (SI), abbreviated TLR4-SI, which include mTORC1-specific effectors and targets, and that leukocytes of patients with T2D or after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) expressed similar SI. Extending these previous findings, here we show that TLR4-SI expression post-CPB was associated with low serum bilirubin and reduced preoperative expression of biliverdin reductase A (BVRA), the enzyme that converts biliverdin to bilirubin, in patient’s leukocytes. Biliverdin inhibited TLR4 signaling in leukocytes and triggered phosphorylation of mTORC2-specific targets, including Akt, PKCζ, AMPKα-LKB1-TSC1/2, and their association with BVRA. Torin, PP242, and a PKCζ inhibitory peptide, but not rapamycin, prevented these biliverdin-induced responses and TLR4 inhibition. In contrast, LPS/TLR4 triggered decreases in BVRA, AMPKα and PKCζ expression, and an increase in haptoglobin, a heme binding protein, in leukocytes in vivo and in vitro, indicating that activated TLR4 may suppress biliverdin/BVRA signaling. Significantly, compared to non-diabetics, BVRA and PKCζ expression was low and haptoglobin was high in T2D patients leukocytes. Sustained TLR4 activation may deregulate homeostatic anti-inflammatory BVRA/mTORC2 signaling and thereby contribute to chronic inflammatory diseases.