cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Guests of differing polarities provide insight into structural requirements for templates of water-soluble nano-capsules

Abstract Guests covering a range of polarities were examined for their ability to bind to a water-soluble cavitand and trigger its assembly into a supramolecular capsule. Specifically the guests examined were: tridecane 2 , 1-dodecanol 3 , 2-nonyloxy ethanol (ethylene glycol monononyl ether) 4 , 2-(2-hexyloxyethoxy) ethanol (di(ethylene glycol) hexyl ether) 5 , 2-[2-(2 propoxyethoxy)ethoxy] ethanol (tri(ethylene glycol) propyl ether) 6 , and bis [2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl] ether (tetra(ethylene glycol)) 7 . In this series, guest 6 proved to signify the boundary between assembly and the formation of 2:1 complexes, and simple 1:1 complexation. Thus, guests 2 – 5 formed relatively kinetically stable capsules, guest 6 formed a capsule that was unstable relative to the NMR timescale, and guest 7 formed a simple 1:1 complex.
Effects of sheltering fish on growth of their host corals

Stony corals are the foundation species of tropical reefs, and their structures can harbor a diverse range of mutualist taxa that can confer important benefits, including provision of nutrients. Prominent among the associates of branching coral in the genus Pocillopora are groups of zooplanktivorous damselfishes that take refuge in the coral to avoid their predators. In field and laboratory experiments, we explored the effects of colonies of resident damselfishes on growth of their host corals. Laboratory studies revealed a positive relationship between biomass of fish and output of ammonium. In the field, levels of ammonium were significantly elevated in the water surrounding the branches of Pocillopora occupied by colonies of damselfish, particularly in time periods following active feeding by the fish. Experimental manipulation of the presence of fish on host corals during a month-long field experiment revealed that corals hosting fish grew significantly more than those that lacked fish, and coral growth was positively correlated with the biomass of resident fish. The Pocillopora colonies in the field experiment varied in the degree of openness of their branching structure, and dye studies indicated that this affected their ability to retain waterborne nutrients. Together with biomass of resident fish, colony openness explained 76% of the variation in coral growth rate during the experiment. Corals can exhibit considerable morphological variability, and mutualistic fish respond to colony architecture during habitat selection, with some species preferring more open-branched forms. This makes it likely that corals may face tradeoffs in attracting resident fish and in retaining the nutrients they provide.
Contrasting tectonothermal domains and faulting in the Potomac terrane, Virginia–Maryland—discrimination by 40Ar/39Ar and fission-track thermochronology

New 4 0 Ar/ 3 9 Ar data reveal ages and thermal discontinuities that identify mapped and unmapped fault boundaries in the Potomac terrane in northern Virginia, thus confirming previous interpretations that it is a composite terrane. The rocks of the Potomac terrane were examined along the Potomac River, where it has been previously subdivided into three units: the Mather Gorge, Sykesville, and Laurel Formations. In the Mather Gorge Formation, at least two metamorphic thermal domains were identified, the Blockhouse Point and Bear Island domains, separated by a fault active in the late Devonian. Early Ordovician (ca. 475 Ma) cooling ages of amphibole in the Bear Island domain reflect cooling from Taconic metamorphism, whereas the Blockhouse Point domain was first metamorphosed in the Devonian. The 4 0 Ar/ 3 9 Ar data from muscovites in a third (eastern) domain within the Mather Gorge Formation, the Stubblefield Falls domain, record thrusting of the Sykesville Formation over the Mather Gorge Formation on the Plummers Island fault in the Devonian. The existence of two distinctly different thermal domains separated by a tectonic boundary within the Mather Gorge argues against its status as a formation. Hornblende cooling ages in the Sykesville Formation are Early Devonian (ca. 400 Ma), reflecting cooling from Taconic and Acadian metamorphism. The ages of retrograde and overprinting muscovite in phyllonites from domain-bounding faults are late Devonian (Acadian) and late Pennsylvanian (Alleghanian), marking the time of assembly of these domains and subsequent movement on the Plummers Island fault. Our data indicate that net vertical motion between the Bear Island domain of the Mather Gorge complex and the Sykesville Formation across the Plummers Island fault is east-side-up. Zircon fission-track cooling ages demonstrate thermal equilibrium across the Potomac terrane in the early Permian, and apatite fission-track cooling ages record tilting of the Potomac terrane in the Cretaceous or later with the west side up at least 1 km.
A posteriori error estimation of the representer method for single-phase Darcy flow

A framework for goal-oriented a posteriori error estimation is developed for the representer method, a data assimilation scheme due to Bennett [A.F. Bennet, Inverse Methods in Physical Oceanography, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, 1992]. This framework is used to derive an estimate in the case of a mixed finite element approximation of a linear parabolic equation modeling single-phase Darcy flow in porous media. The representer method is computationally expensive, as are most DA schemes; therefore, the error estimates are used to increase computational efficiency by allowing a systematic coarsening of the grids used to calculate the representers. Numerical experiments illustrate the derived estimates and computational savings.
Creating a dignified option: Ethical considerations in the formulation of prehospital DNR protocol

Increasing numbers of states are recognizing the importance of developing policies to allow Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders to be recognized in the prehospital setting, especially by emergency medical personnel. The ethical issues involved in creating such policies have not been widely addressed. Using the experience of developing such a policy for the District of Columbia as a model, we discuss six major ethical issues involved in prehospital DNR order policy development. 1) Can the justification for the policy be grounded in the doctor's duty of beneficence? 2) Should the concept of futility be applied to prehospital DNR orders? 3) How specific should prehospital DNR orders be? 4) How can one maximize patient participation in the prehospital DNR decision? 5) How much consideration ought to be given to the scarcity of health care resources in the development and justification of such policies? 6) Should paramedics be empowered to pronounce DNR patients dead in the field? This discussion ought to be of benefit to all those involved in developing or revising prehospital DNR policies.
Hall triple systems and commutative Moufang exponent 3 loops: The case of nilpotence class 2

Abstract We study here the structure of the coordinatizing loops of Hall Triple Systems which are Steiner Triple Systems, other than affine geometries, in which every plane is an affine plane. These loops are necessarily non-associative commutative Moufang loops of exponent 3 and we concentrate on those which involve the least complicated computations, namely, those having central nilpotence class 2. After presenting introductory material from Bruck's theory of loops we determine precisely the structure of finitely generated commutative Moufang exponent 3 loops of nilpotence class 2 in terms of a very useful representation. We then give a general method of constructing such loops; and since the triple systems can always be recovered from the loops, this enables us to construct many new Hall Triple Systems. These designs are particularly interesting since they are the only known “non-classical” perfect matroid designs.
Measurement of protein activator levels in experimental diabetic rat adipose tissue.

Abstract Experimental diabetes induced by streptozotocin has been shown to decrease the level of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity in rat adipose tissue. This reduced activity was restored with insulin. Protein activator, a small molecular weight substance, is essential for full activity of some component phosphodiesterases. Herein we demonstrate a significant decrease in protein activator level in the 13,000 X g boiled supernatant from streptozotocin-diabetic rat adipose tissue. However, although a decrease in protein activator level is consistent with diabetic inactivation of phosphodiesterase activity, additional studies presented here suggest that a defect in the diabetic phosphodiesterase enzyme itself also contributed to the decrease of total phosphodiesterase activity.
Mobility of a lightweight tracked robot over deep snow

We designed and built a 24-kg tracked robot, named SnoBot, based on the performance of a 1400-kg manned vehicle scaled using Bekker mobility theory. We then documented the mobility of the robot for 10 cases of deep snow and four cases of shallow snow. The scaled predictions agreed well with average sinkage, resistance and traction measured in deep snow and thus gave useful design guidance. Nevertheless, large differences occurred between measured and predicted snow-compaction resistance on individual test days. The behavior of actual snow packs is difficult to capture using simple Bekker theory. Most deep-snow packs showed a linear relationship between pressure and sinkage for small indentation, followed by a steep rise in pressure as indentation compacted the snow against the ground. Also, small strength variations due to icy layers were important. SnoBot traveled easily over ice crusts that were much too weak to support foot travel. The results indicate that a lightweight tracked robot can display excellent deep-snow mobility when ground clearance, motor torque and energy storage allow for proportionally high sinkage and motion resistance compared with larger vehicles.
40 STREPTOLYSIN O PERMEABILIZED AND MITOTIC EXTRACT TREATED GOAT FETAL FIBROBLASTS FOR USE IN NUCLEAR TRANSFER

Nuclear transfer (NT) technology has been limited by low rates of embryonic development, high pregnancy loss and low survival of cloned offspring. A major cause is thought to be incomplete or incorrect reprogramming of the somatic cell nucleus. An alternative NT method involves inducing nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD) and chromatin condensation (CC) with a mitotic cell extract prior to NT. In this study, caprine fetal fibroblasts were permeabilized with streptolysin O (SLO) and NEBD and CC induced with a mitotic extract prior to NT. Reprogramming was indirectly assessed by measuring DNA methylation in early NT embryos. Permeabilization and resealing of fibroblasts were assessed by propidium iodide (PI) uptake and CC was monitored by staining with Hoechst 33342. All data for percent of cells staining was analyzed with one way ANOVA with significance at P ≤ .05. Cells were treated with 0, 150, 300, or 450 U mL–1 SLO for 15, 40, 65, or 90 min. A SLO concentration of 300 U mL–1 for 40 min produced the most efficient permeabilization. Permeabilized cells were treated with extracts from 2, 4 or 6 × 106 mitotic cells for 30, 45 or 60 min. There was no difference in percent of cells with CC between treatments (45–67%) but a higher percentage of treated cells had CC than nontreated cells. Permeabilized and treated cells were resealed by addition of 0, 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0 mm CaCl2 to the culture medium and incubated for 60, 90, or 120 min. Addition of 2.5 mm CaCl2 and incubation for 60 min produced the most efficient resealing. Caprine embryos were produced by NT using oocytes from abattoir and superstimulated ovaries. Fibroblasts were permeabilized by incubation with 300 U mL–1 of SLO at 37°C for 40 min in HBSS with 10 mm dithiothreitol. Fibroblasts were then incubated with mitotic extract for 30 min at 37°C, then cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 2.5 mm CaCl2 for 1 h. Nuclear transfer was performed using untreated donor cells and SLO and mitotic extract treated (SLOT) fibroblasts from the same fetal cell line. All donor cells were at passage 5 or less and contact inhibited by confluence prior to treatment (SLOT) or fusion (NT). NT with untreated cells produced 21 (8%) 2–4 cell and 10 (4%) 4–8 cell embryos. NT with SLOT cells produced 23 (9%) 2–4 cell and 9 (4%) 4–8 cell embryos. In a separate experiment, IVF embryos were produced from abattoir sourced ooctyes for DNA methylation analysis. Embryos were fixed, permeabilized, and immunostained with an antibody against 5-methylcytosine and observed with a confocal laser scanning microscope. Total DNA methylation in individual nuclei of NT and IVF embryos is being determined by image analysis with Image J software.
Barents Sea continental margin sonobuoy data

Results from 68 closely spaced sonobuoys obtained aboard R/V Bartlett are combined with 30 published sonobuoy results obtained aboard R/V Vema to provide about 300 velocity solutions from the Barents Sea area and its western continental margin. Sections have been compiled from the closely spaced Bartlett stations, and statistical regressions of sediment sound velocity versus depth were made with all the available data. It was found that distinct geologic provinces from this region can be characterized with five separate velocity-depth curves, based on the regressions. The very low velocity gradient in the thick Tertiary wedge of sediments just west of the Barents shelf probably indicates rapid, deltaic deposition. More than 9 km of subbottom penetration was achieved in this Tertiary wedge.
Subcellular metal imaging identifies dynamic sites of Cu accumulation in Chlamydomonas

We identified a Cu-accumulating structure with a dynamic role in intracellular Cu homeostasis. During Zn limitation, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii hyperaccumulates Cu, a process dependent on the nutritional Cu sensor CRR1, but it is functionally Cu deficient. Visualization of intracellular Cu revealed major Cu accumulation sites coincident with electron-dense structures that stained positive for low pH and polyphosphate, suggesting that they are lysosome-related organelles. Nano-secondary ion MS showed colocalization of Ca and Cu, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy was consistent with Cu(+) accumulation in an ordered structure. Zn resupply restored Cu homeostasis concomitant with reduced abundance of these structures. Cu isotope labeling demonstrated that sequestered Cu(+) became bioavailable for the synthesis of plastocyanin, and transcriptome profiling indicated that mobilized Cu became visible to CRR1. Cu trafficking to intracellular accumulation sites may be a strategy for preventing protein mismetallation during Zn deficiency and enabling efficient cuproprotein metallation or remetallation upon Zn resupply.
Frequency Spectrum Analysis and Applications to Steam Turbine Vibrations

Bearing vibrations in turbogenerators are common failure modes. Identification of vibration failure during the operation of turbogenerators and the subsequent quick failure elimination in a short shut down period are very important to turbine engineers. In this paper, a brief theoretical analysis of the characteristics of the frequency spectrum and the diagnoses of three typical vibration failures of steam turbines in power stations are presented
A remark on integrable Hamiltonian systems

Abstract We describe a simple class of integrable hamiltonian systems in R 4 for which the orbits lie on surfaces of a type more complicated than “circles × lines”.
Estimation of variance components in dynamic linear models

Abstract Two types of recursive estimators are developed for the variance components σ 2 and τ 2 of the dynamic linear model: non-Bayesian and Bayesian. From a frequentist point of view, both types of estimators are mean square consistent. The non-Bayesian estimator of σ 2 is also unbiased.
Prospective comparison of computed tomography and duplex sonography in the evaluation of recently inserted Kimray-Greenfield filters into the inferior vena cava

A prospective comparison of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and duplex sonography (DS) was performed to examine the Kimray-Greenfield filter in the inferior vena cava (IVC) in the immediate postoperative period. Fourteen patients were studied for five complications: IVC thrombosis, malpositioning, pericaval hematoma, filter angulation, and prong perforation. Our results found CT to be more efficacious because it was a) able to evaluate more patients with fewer technically inadequate scans and b) more definitive in all categories. However, when visualized, DS was as accurate as CT in the evaluation of thrombosis.
Regular Article: Rate of Convergence for the Absolutely ( C, α) Summable Fourier Series of Functions of Bounded Variation

A theorem of Bosanquet states that the Fourier series of a 2@p-periodic function of bounded variation is absolutely (C, @a) summable. In this paper we give a quantitative version of Bosanquet's result.
The hot spot of vegetation canopies

A conventional radiometer is used to identify the hot spot (the peak in reflected radiation in the retrosolar direction) of vegetation. A multiwavelength-band radiometer collected radiances on fully grown dense wheat and maize canopies on several clear sunny days. It is noted that the hot spot is difficult to detect in the near IR wavelengths because the shadows are much darker. In general, the retrosolar brightness is found to be higher for smaller sun polar angles than for larger angles.
Effect of thyroxin combined with carotene upon the oxygen consumption of cats.

IN 1921 MELLANBY AND MELLANBY (1) reported a distinct improvement in cases of exophthalmic goiter kept on a diet rich in cod liver oil and low in fats. Their patients gained from 4 to 13 lb. and while no figures were published, were said to show a lowered B.M.R. This they attributed to the iodine, rather than the vitamin content of the cod liver oil. McCarrison (2) in 1923 observed delayed metamorphosis in tadpoles on a high iodine intake when given large doses of cod liver oil. These two observations, whose significance was not fully appreciated at the time, strongly suggest an antagonism between thyroxin and vitamin A. Abelin, Knuchel and Spechter (3) helped greatly to clarify this relationship when they found that preparations containing large quantities of vitamins A and D prevented the fall in muscle and liver glycogen ordinarily brought on by feeding thyroid to male white rats.
How Collegiate Placement Offices can Assist Job Seekers

Abstract This article presents a structured, systematic approach to conducting effective research on potential employers. The information can be shared with job seekers by placement office personnel and academic advisors. The approach provides a thorough anlysis of a company and its related environment. When job seekers have this information, they can compare their qualifications with the company and job requirements to determine if a match exists between themselves and a potential job. It can also assist job seekers in developing effective cover letters and resumes and in demonstrating interest in the interview.
Dual effects of copper–zinc superoxide dismutase

Abstract Copper–zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) specifically catalyzes the removal of superoxide radicals to protect cellular function against the generation of superoxide-dependent hydroxyl radicals ( OH). However, an unexpected observation reveals that denatured CuZnSOD (dCuZnSOD) itself induces OH formation. This dCuZnSOD-dependent OH generation was not inhibited by active CuZnSOD, suggesting that it is a superoxide-independent process. Sodium cyanide, histidine, and N , N ′-diethyldithiocarbamate abolished OH generation, implying that Cu may be responsible for dCuZnSOD-induced OH formation. Catalase eliminated OH generation, suggesting that hydrogen peroxide may be involved in the mechanism of dCuZnSOD-mediated OH production. Furthermore, nitric oxide ( NO) completely inhibited dCuZnSOD-induced OH radical generation, indicating that NO is an important OH radical scavenger. Our results shed new light on the effect of dysfunctional CuZnSOD and suggest that structural disorder of the enzyme may be one of the endogenous pathways of toxic OH formation in biological systems.
Heterozygous yeast deletion collection screens reveal essential targets of Hsp90.

Hsp90 is an essential eukaryotic chaperone with a role in folding specific “client” proteins such as kinases and hormone receptors. Previously performed homozygous diploid yeast deletion collection screens uncovered broad requirements for Hsp90 in cellular transport and cell cycle progression. These screens also revealed that the requisite cellular functions of Hsp90 change with growth temperature. We present here for the first time the results of heterozygous deletion collection screens conducted at the hypothermic stress temperature of 15°C. Extensive bioinformatic analyses were performed on the resulting data in combination with data from homozygous and heterozygous screens previously conducted at normal (30°C) and hyperthermic stress (37°C) growth temperatures. Our resulting meta-analysis uncovered extensive connections between Hsp90 and (1) general transcription, (2) ribosome biogenesis and (3) GTP binding proteins. Predictions from bioinformatic analyses were tested experimentally, supporting a role for Hsp90 in ribosome stability. Importantly, the integrated analysis of the 15°C heterozygous deletion pool screen with previously conducted 30°C and 37°C screens allows for essential genetic targets of Hsp90 to emerge. Altogether, these novel contributions enable a more complete picture of essential Hsp90 functions.
Will gravity-wave communication be possible? (gravity read gravitational)

Evidence for the existence of gravitational waves is briefly reviewed, and techniques for generating and receiving gravitational waves are considered. It is concluded that the physical limitations encountered and the elusiveness of the waves themselves make their application for communication remote. >
Alternative outcome measures for pediatric clinical sepsis trials.

Objective: To review nonmortality outcome measures in clinical trials of therapies to treat sepsis in children. Data Source: Literature review using the search word terms “sepsis” + “surrogate markers,” “sepsis” + “biomarkers,” or “sepsis” + “outcomes.” Study Selection: Articles were generally categorized as those dealing with review of patient-centered outcomes, characteristics of good surrogate markers, resolution of organ dysfunction, morbidity and functional status, quality-of-life measures, intensive care unit costs, and biomarkers. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Information potentially relevant for development of surrogate markers for pediatric sepsis trials was extracted and organized as noted above. Conclusions: Multiple potential surrogate markers are being actively investigated for their potential validity and utility in pediatric clinical trials of sepsis and increasingly for adult sepsis trials. This is important because as mortality decreases, it becomes an impractical primary end point. Surrogate end points that address patient-related morbidity and intensive care unit costs may also be quantified. Treatment of sepsis and corresponding end points for clinical trials should be aimed at both the duration and the quality of survival.
Molecular engineering of biotin-glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 fusion protein (Biotin-GAD65) for non-radioactive GAD65 antibody assay

We constructed biotinylated fusion proteins that linked to three detection tags to GAD65 at the N-terminus, and expressed them in an E. coli expression system. The Biotin14-GAD65 protein exhibited the strongest binding to both the GAD65 antibody and the streptavidin among the three constructs. We describe the optimal conditions using a Biotin14-GAD65-based immunoassay for the detection of GAD65 antibody.
Protein binding of several drugs in serum and plasma of healthy subjects.

The protein binding of phenytoin, propranolol, salicylic acid, warfarin, and bilirubin was determined in heparinized plasma and serum obtained from the same healthy adult subjects. There were no significant differences in the free fraction values of these compounds in plasma and serum. Addition of heparin to serum had no significant effect on protein binding. Contact with Vacutainer stoppers increased the free fraction of the weak base propranolol in serum and plasma but had no significant effect on the protein binding of the other, weakly acidic compounds tested. The lack of differences in the protein binding of phenytoin, salicylic acid, warfarin, and bilirubin in human plasma and serum is in contrast with the pronounced differences observed previously in rat serum and plasma. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1980) 27, 297–300; doi:10.1038/clpt.1980.39
Salinity effects on macroinvertebrate assemblages and waterbird food webs in shallow lakes of the Wyoming High Plains

We determined the biomass and community structure of macroinvertebrates (>500 µm) associated with macrophytes, sediments, and unvegetated open water in three oligosaline (0.8 to 8.0 mS cm−1) and three mesosaline (8.0 to 30.0 mS cm−1) lakes in the Wyoming High Plains, USA. Total biomass of epiphytic and benthic invertebrates did not change with salinity, but biomass of macroinvertebrate zooplankton in open water was significantly higher in mesosaline lakes. Community composition of invertebrates differed between the two salinity categories: large grazer/detritivores (gastropods and amphipods) were dominant in oligosaline lakes, whereas small planktivores and their insect predators were more prevalent in mesosaline lakes. Both direct physiological effects of salinity, as well as a shift in the form of primary production from macrophytes to phytoplankton, probably explain these changes in community composition. Salinity effects on invertebrate communities appear to be less important to top avian consumers than are costs of osmoregulation.
Some Observations on the Moral Ideology of First and Second Generation Collective and Non-Collective Settlers in Israel

More than half a century has elapsed since the establishment of the first collective agricultural community in Israel, the Kibbutz.' Sufficient time has passed for a second generation to be born in these collective communities, to grow to maturity and adulthood, and to produce and raise a third generation. Moreover, a sufficient period of time has elapsed for the second generation, born within the collective movement, to evaluate its own ideological position within the movement and to reach a decision (1) whether to remain within the movement, either by continuing the growth and development of the particular settlement into which they were born, or by participating in the establishment of a new collective pioneer outpost somewhere near the borders of Israel, or (2) whether to leave the collective movement altogether and raise their children in a semi-collective (e.g., Moshav) or noncollective (the city or the Moshavah) social environment.2 Those Kibbutz born Zabras (Israeli born) who have chosen to remain within the move-
Automatic identification of cochlear implant electrode arrays for post-operative assessment

Cochlear implantation is a procedure performed to treat profound hearing loss. Accurately determining the postoperative position of the implant in vivo would permit studying the correlations between implant position and hearing restoration. To solve this problem, we present an approach based on parametric Gradient Vector Flow snakes to segment the electrode array in post-operative CT. By combining this with existing methods for localizing intra-cochlear anatomy, we have developed a system that permits accurate assessment of the implant position in vivo. The system is validated using a set of seven temporal bone specimens. The algorithms were run on pre- and post-operative CTs of the specimens, and the results were compared to histological images. It was found that the position of the arrays observed in the histological images is in excellent agreement with the position of their automatically generated 3D reconstructions in the CT scans.
Complete reversal of regiochemistry in cyclic acylpalladation. Novel synthesis of quinones.

Abstract Treatment of o-iodoaryl alkenyl ketones with CO (600 psi) in CH3CN in the presence of 5 mol % of Pd(dba)2 and 1 equiv of NEt3 can give bicyclic and polycyclic quinones in high yields via acylpalladation in an “endo” mode, which appears to be totally regiospecific.
Gas-phase Raman spectra and the potential energy function for the internal rotation of 1,3-butadiene and its isotopologues.

The gas-phase Raman spectra of 1,3-butadiene and its 2,3-d2, 1,1,4,4-d4, and -d6 isotopologues have been recorded with high sensitivity in the region below 350 cm–1 in order to investigate the internal rotation (torsional) vibration. Based on more accurate structural information, the internal rotor constants Fn were calculated as a function of rotation angle (ϕ). The data for all the isotopologues were then fit using a one-dimensional potential energy function of the form V = 1/2∑Vn(1 – cos ϕ). Initial Vn values were based on those generated from theoretical calculations. The agreement between observed and calculated frequencies is very good, although bands not taken into account were present in the spectra. The energy difference between the trans and gauche forms was determined to be about 1030 cm–1 (2.94 kcal/mol), and the barrier between the two equivalent gauche forms was determined to be about 180 cm–1 (0.51 kcal/mol), which agrees well with high-level ab initio calculations. An alternative set of as...
NICU music therapy: Post hoc analysis of an early intervention clinical program

Abstract The incidence of premature births in the United States is increasing, as are medical costs related to this problem. Research has shown benefits for NICU-MT in small sample size, controlled clinical trials. Such benefits have included significantly earlier discharge dates and a consistent pattern of increases in weight gain that has not been statistically significant. As yet, no clinical analyses of the effects of NICU-MT have been conducted. The clinical NICU-MT program at TMH has been in effect for over 7 years and includes referrals for multi-modal stimulation, Pacifier-Activated-Lullaby (PAL) treatment, and parent training in infant stimulation. We analyzed the medical records of all infants born low birth weight ( N = 208) with differentiation for receipt of NICU-MT or not. We excluded infants not discharged to the home but to another medical site for further treatment. This post hoc analysis of clinical records showed that the smallest, lowest birth-weight infants were more often referred for music therapy. Infants receiving NICU-MT gained more weight/day than did infants not referred for MT. Those born very early (24–28 gestational weeks) were discharged sooner than non-music infants in that age range. Infants born after 30 weeks and receiving MT had longer length of stay than non-music infants but they also were diagnosed with more serious illnesses. In summary, the demographics reveal that MT is primarily referred for premature, low birth-weight infants and those with multiple, serious medical problems.
Heat Transfer Enhancements in Rotating Two-Pass Coolant Channels With Profiled Ribs: Part 1–Average Results

The effect of ribs with different cross-stream profiles are investigated through detailed, surface mass (heat) transfer distributions along four active walls of a square duct containing a sharp 180° bend. The duct simulates two passes of an internal coolant channel in a gas turbine engine with ribs mounted on two opposite walls. Mass (heat) transfer measurements, taken using the naphthalene sublimation technique, are presented for Reynolds numbers of 30,000, and rotation number of 0.3. Comparisons are made with conventional ribs having a rectangular cross-section. It is shown that the use of certain profiled ribs provides considerable heat transfer enhancements over conventional ribs with the same blockage ratio in the duct. These enhancements are attributed to the generation of longitudinal vorticity (or secondary flows) by the profiled ribs in the channel.Copyright © 2000 by ASME
Bacterial pyomyositis in a patient with sickle cell trait and pityriasis amiantacea

A 24-year-old black woman with history of primary hypertension and sickle cell trait (SCT) presented to the hospital with fever (38.5°C) and painful right-sided swelling of her neck for 2 days. She had no history of immunocompromise caused by diabetes mellitus, hepatitis or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. There was no history of intravenous drug use, recent travel, insect bites, strenuous exercise or trauma to the area. Physical examination revealed erythema and tender edema overlying the right sternocleidomastoid muscle with impaired ipsilateral flexion and contralateral rotation (Figure 1, left), along with retroauricular and jugular lymphadenopathies. She also had generalized gray thick scales adhered to her scalp consistent with pityriasis amiantacea (PA) (Figure 1, right), which had been present for 6 months; they were pruritic and she had multiple excoriations from scratching. Laboratory studies showed leucocytosis (18.3 × 109 cells/l) with neutrophilia, and no immature forms. Computed tomography of the neck showed inflammatory changes of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle and a small fluid collection (Figure 2). The diagnosis of stage two (suppurative) bacterial pyomyositis was made, and treatment with intravenous cefazolin was started. Figure 1. (Left) Right-sided tender swelling of the neck. (Right) Shiny asbestos-like silvery scales binding tufts of hair covering almost the entire scalp, representing pityriasis amiantacea. Figure 2. (Left) Coronal view …
Vibrational analysis and ab initio molecular orbital calculations of the molecular force constants of gaseous CF4 and SiF4

Abstract The molecular potential constants of gaseous CF 4 and SiF 4 have been evaluated using approximate force fields and ab initio quantum mechanical methods. A recently developed three-parameter approximate force field, called the adjusted valence force field (AVFF), is found to give force constants for CF 4 and SiF 4 that are in reasonably good agreement with published values based on detailed analysis of vibrational data (including isotopic frequencies and Coriolis constants) and other three-parameter approximate force fields, such as the Urey—Bradley force field (UBFF) and the orbital valence force field (OVFF). In the ab initio studies, force constants were calculated at several basis set levels; correlation effects were included by applying second-order Moller Plesset theory. At the highest level of the theory (6–31 G* basis set), the ab initio force constants for CF 4 are in very good agreement with the most accurately derived values reported in the literature. The ab initio force constants computed for SiF 4 are in reasonable accord with accurately determined values, but the agreement is not as good as that obtained for CF 4 .
The power motive and affective response to assertiveness.

Hypothesizing that persons high in power motivation experience cardiovascular stress in circumstances that simultaneously arouse and thwart the power need, McClelland, 1976 ; McClelland, 1982 formulated the concept of power stress. An experiment explored the reactions of college men high and low in power motivation to a hypothetical candidate for appointment to a research position at a biotech company. We measured need for power using ( Winter’s, 1973) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) measure. Half the participants viewed a videotape of an interview in which an actor portrayed himself as highly assertive. The other half saw the actor portray himself as moderately but not excessively compliant. Participants high in power motivation exhibited high electromyographic responsivity from the brow supercilli (frown muscles) when exposed to the assertive candidate, higher than participants low in power motivation and higher than all participants who viewed the compliant candidate (p < .05). Scores on the Affective Attitudes Scale (Crites, Fabrigar, & Petty, 1994) assumed the same pattern (p < .01). We interpret these findings as consistent with McClelland’s formulation of the power-stress concept and suggest possible relevance to observations that one might apply to power-motivated political figures.
Effect of oxygen at the Cu–SiCxNy interface on electromigration performance of interconnect structures

Abstract In this study, oxygen penetration through two different SiCxNy cap layers was correlated with in situ electromigration-induced void growth results. One of the SiCxNy caps was shown to be permeable to oxygen when blanket test structures were annealed in air at elevated temperatures. Electromigration results for the corresponding interconnect structures subject to the same anneals showed an increase in void growth rate as well as a decrease in the measured activation energy for diffusion and electromigration. The second SiCxNy cap, deposited using an alternate recipe, was shown to be significantly less permeable to oxygen and electromigration results showed essentially no change in void growth rate or activation energy. This suggests that oxygen concentration at the Cu/SiCxNy interface is critical in determining the mass transport along the top surface of the Cu interconnect lines.
A molecular model for an enzyme based on a correlation between the genetic and complementation maps of the locus specifying the enzyme.

An analysis and interpretation of genetic and complementation data obtained for the adenine-8 (ad-8) locus by Ishikawa (1961) is presented. The seventy-two mutants defective at the ad-8 locus which undergo intragenic complementation are altered at twenty-five separate sites on the genetic linkage map. Among these seventy-three mutants there were fifteen individual patterns of complementation which proved to be consistent with a circular complementation map. The circular complementation map and the linear genetic map were compared. It was found that the order of mutational sites in the genetic map correlated well with the order of subgroups in the complementation map when the genetic map was drawn as a simple spiral around the complementation map. To account for these results a molecular model for complementation is proposed. The primary assumptions in the model are that the tertiary configuration of the enzyme produced by the ad-8 locus is approximately that of a simple spiral, and that these spirals aggregate in a layered stack such that homologous peptide portions directly adjoin. Other topics relating to complementation are also discussed.
Mapping Water Basins in the Eastern Sahara by SRTM Data

RTM (~90 m) data and Radarsat-1 images of northern Sudan were processed for exploring potential groundwater accumulation sites in the region. Data analysis unveiled three extensive ancient river courses named as Howar, El-Qaab and Arbain. These eastward flowing rivers, which are now partly hidden beneath the sand, are extinct tributaries of the Nile Valley hydro-system. The main channels of these rivers were mapped from Radar data and compared with those delineated by the GIS hydrologic routines. The beds of these river courses, which are now void of moisture, must have hosted a great volume of surface water in the past and played a significant role in recharging the sandstone groundwater aquifers in the region. An ongoing data investigation will provide additional information as to the specific nature of these ancient rivers that will help in future water prospecting in the region.
Multivariate Relationships Among Visual-Perceptual Attributes and Gross-Motor Tasks with Different Environmental Demands

This study investigated the multivariate inter-relationships of five visual perceptual variables (coincidence anticipation, field dependence/independence, perceptual speed, peripheral range, and spatial relations) and two performance stages of two gross motor tasks. The motor tasks, a ball task and a nonball task, had different temporal environmental demands. Eighty randomly selected women enrolled in general college physical education classes performed six trials of both motor tasks on two days. Promax factor analysis produced five factors accounting for 81% of the total variability and three low but significant (p ≤.05) interfactor correlations. Factor I (ability to perform the ball task) was related both to Factor IV (ability to anticipate coincidence) and to Factor II (ability to extract and inter-relate pertinent environmental information). Factor III (ability to relate to the total environment and perform the nonball task) was related to Factor V (ability to detect motion peripherally).
Analysis of the germination of individual Clostridium perfringens spores and its heterogeneity

Aims: To analyse the germination and its heterogeneity of individual spores of Clostridium perfringens. Methods and Results: Germination of individual wild-type Cl. perfringens spores was followed by monitoring Ca-dipicolinic acid (CaDPA) release and by differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. Following the addition of KCl that acts via germinant receptors (GRs), there was a long variable lag period (Tlag) with slow release of c. 25% of CaDPA, then rapid release of remaining CaDPA in c. 2 min (ΔTrelease) and a parallel decrease in DIC image intensity, and a final decrease of c. 25% in DIC image intensity during spore cortex hydrolysis. Spores lacking the essential cortex-lytic enzyme (CLE) (sleC spores) exhibited the same features during GR-dependent germination, but with longer average Tlag values, and no decrease in DIC image intensity because of cortex hydrolysis after full CaDPA release. The Tlag of wild-type spores in KCl germination was increased significantly by lower germinant concentrations and suboptimal heat activation. Wild-type and sleC spores had identical average Tlag and ΔTrelease values in dodecylamine germination that does not utilize GRs. Conclusions: Most of these results were essentially identical to those reported for the germination of individual spores of Bacillus species. However, individual sleC Cl. perfringens spores germinated inefficiently with either KCl or exogenous CaDPA, in contrast to CLE-deficient Bacillus spores, indicating that germination of these species’ spores is not completely identical. Significance and Impact of the Study: This work provides information on the kinetic germination and its heterogeneity of individual spores of Cl. perfringens.
How Long Should a Traffic Light Remain Amber

Let us consider the problem of calculating how long a traffic light should remain amber before turning red. Essentially, the amber cycle exists to allow vehicles in the intersection, or those too close to stop, to clear the intersection. Thus the light should remain amber long enough so that all drivers who cannot stop have a chance to pass through the intersection on the amber. A driver approaching an intersection should never be in the dilemma of being too close to stop safely and yet too far away to pass through the intersection before the red phase starts.
New Methodology For Use in Rotating Field Nuclear MagneticResonance

High-resolution NMR spectra of samples with anisotropic broadening are simplified to their isotropic spectra by fast rotation of the sample at the magic angle 54.7 circ. This dissertation concerns the development of novel Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) methodologies based which would rotate the magnetic field instead of the sample, rotating field NMR. It provides an over of the NMR concepts, procedures, and experiments needed to understand the methodologies that will be used for rotating field NMR. A simple two-dimensional shimming method based on harmonic corrector rings which can provide arbitrary multiple order shimming corrections were developed for rotating field systems, but could be used in shimming other systems as well. Those results demonstrate, for example, that quadrupolar order shimming improves the linewidth by up to an order of magnitude. An additional order of magnitude reduction is in principle achievable by utilizing this shimming method for z-gradient correction and higher order xy gradients. A specialized pulse sequence for the rotating field NMR experiment is under development. The pulse sequence allows for spinning away from the magic angle and spinning slower than the anisotropic broadening. This pulse sequence is a combination of the projected magic angle spinning (p-MAS) and magic angle turning (MAT) pulse sequences. This will be useful to rotating field NMR because there are limits on how fast a field can be spun and spin at the magic angle is difficult. One of the goals of this project is for rotating field NMR to be used on biological systems. The p-MAS pulse sequence was successfully tested on bovine tissue samples which suggests that it will be a viable methodology to use in a rotating field set up. A side experiment on steering magnetic particle by MRI gradients was also carried out. Some movement was seen in these experiment, but for total control over steering further experiments would need to be done.
Influence of an Invasive Crayfish Species on Diurnal Habitat Use and Selection by a Native Crayfish Species in an Ozark Stream

Abstract The crayfish Orconectes neglectus chaenodactylus has recently been introduced into the Spring River drainage in southern Missouri and northern Arkansas and appears to be displacing the native species O. eupunctus. To determine if O. eupunctus and O. neglectus chaenodactylus compete for habitat, we examined if either species shift habitats when in the presence of one another. Habitat use of juvenile and adult crayfish was determined in six habitat types (backwater, pool, riffle, run, stream margin and vegetation) with a quadrat sampler during July/August 2003 at three sites: (1) an upstream site where O. neglectus chaenodactylus occurs, (2) a zone of overlap where both species occur and (3) a downstream site where O. eupunctus occurs. Habitat selection was determined by comparing habitat use to habitat availability. Redundancy Analyses were used to determine the relationship between crayfish densities and measured environmental variables (current velocity, water depth and percent boulder, cobble, ...
The foreground wedge and 21-cm BAO surveys

Redshifted H I 21 cm emission from unresolved low-redshift large scale structure is a promising window for ground-based Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) observations. A major challenge for this method is separating the cosmic signal from the foregrounds of Galactic and extra-Galactic origins that are stronger by many orders of magnitude than the former. The smooth frequency spectrum expected for the foregrounds would nominally contaminate only very small kk modes; however the chromatic response of the telescope antenna pattern at this wavelength to the foreground introduces non-smooth structure, pervasively contaminating the cosmic signal over the physical scales of our interest. Such contamination defines a wedged volume in Fourier space around the transverse modes that is inaccessible for the cosmic signal. In this paper, we test the effect of this contaminated wedge on the future 21 cm BAO surveys using Fisher information matrix calculation. We include the signal improvement due to the BAO reconstruction technique that has been used for galaxy surveys and test the effect of this wedge on the BAO reconstruction as a function of signal to noises and incorporate the results in the Fisher matrix calculation. We find that the wedge effect expected at z = 1 2 is very detrimental to the angular diameter distances: the errors on angular diameter distances increased by 3-4.4 times, while the errors on H(z) increased by a factor of 1.5-1.6. We conclude that calibration techniques that clean out the foreground “wedge” would be extremely valuable for constraining angular diameter distances from intensity-mapping 21 cm surveys.