cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MoodMusic: a method for cooperative, generative music playlist creation

Music is a major element of social gatherings. However, creating playlists that suit everyone's tastes and the mood of the group can require a large amount of manual effort. In this paper, we present MoodMusic, a method to dynamically generate contextually appropriate music playlists for groups of people. MoodMusic uses speaker pitch and intensity in the conversation to determine the current 'mood'. MoodMusic then queries the online music libraries of the speakers to choose songs appropriate for that mood. This allows groups to listen to music appropriate for their current mood without managing playlists. This work contributes a novel method for dynamically creating music playlists for groups based on their music preferences and current mood.
Appliction of high-performance liquid chromatography-flow injection analysis for the determination of polyphosphoric acids in phosphorus smokes

A flow injection analysis system for the determination of inorganic phosphate has been coupled to a high-performance liquid chromatography for use as a specific post-column detector for linear and cyclic condensed phosphoric acids. The condensed phosphates are separated by anion exchange (4 and 8% cross-linked resins), hydrolyzed to orthophosphoric acid, and condensed with molybdic acid to form a molybdenum blue complex which is detected in a flow through absorption cell. The system has been used to analyze the aerosol formed from the combustion of red and white phosphorus. Phosphates up to the P18 polymer have been detected. The phosphorus species formed depend upon specific combustion conditions. The age of the aerosol at which a sample is collected for analysis has been found to have a pronounced effect on composition.
USE OF THE CORTICAL EPINEPHRINE PRESSOR RESPONSE IN RABBITS AS A DIAGNOSTIC TEST FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA.

1. A careful replication of the Minz and Walaszek test failed to demonstrate its reliability as a clinical tool for diagnosing schizophrenia. 2. Human serum contains substances toxic to rabbits. There is some indication that schizophrenic serum has greater toxicity than nonschizophrenic sera. 3. Local application of a 5% epinephrine solution to the cerebral cortex causes a rise in blood pressure in about half the rabbits treated with normal serum. 4. Effects of some tests with psychoactive drugs on the local epinephrine responses are reported.
Variable declarations in natural deduction

Abstract We propose the use of variable declarations in natural deduction. A variable declaration is a line in a derivation that introduces a new variable into the derivation. Semantically, it can be regarded as declaring that the variable denotes an element of the universe of discourse. Undeclared variables, in contrast, do not denote anything, and may not occur free in any formula in the derivation. Although most natural deduction systems in use today do not have variable declarations, the idea can be traced back to one of the first papers on natural deduction. We show how the use of variable declarations in natural deduction leads to a formal system that has a number of desirable features: It is simple, easy to use and understand, and corresponds closely to ordinary informal reasoning. Soundness and completeness of the system are easily proven. Furthermore, the system clarifies the role of the existential instantiation rule in natural deduction.
Combining visual block programming and graph manipulation for clinical alert rule building

In this paper, we present MARBLS (Medical Alert Rule BuiLding System) - a visual end-user programming environment to facilitate the design and testing of clinical alert rules. MARBLS enables a two-way, synchronized visual rule workspace and visual query explorer. Clinical rules can be built by docking relevant block components in the rule workspace, by directly manipulating graphs in the visual query explorer, or a combination of both. In a pilot study with five healthcare experts, we found MARBLS is easy to learn and users can build rules efficiently and discover errors in existing rules quickly with the visual environment provided by MARBLS.
The effect of ethyl-, methyl- and hydroxyethyl-nitrosourea on the mouse testis ☆

Abstract Hybrid male 101 × C3HF1 mice were given intraperitoneal injections of methyl-, ethyl- and hydroxyethyl-nitrosourea and killed 3–16 days later. All compounds were similar in that all differentiating spermatogonia from type A1 to early type B were killed by 50 mg/kg and higher doses of ENU and by 75 mg/kg MNU. Cells exposed in leptotene to 100 and 250 mg/kg ENU and 455 mg/kg HENU showed a delayed response with degeneration in pachytene 5 days later. Labeling prior to exposure to ENU indicated that the effect of stage of the mitotic cycle on sensitivity to cell killing is less marked than for radiation. This may be the explanation for the s-shaped mutation induction curve obtained with ENU in contrast to the humped dose-response curve observed for radiation.
Sexual Harrassment: A. Guide to the Literature

“Virtuous women are seldom accosted by unwelcome sexual propositions or familiarities, obscene talk, or profane language,” proclaims Phyllis Schlafly. “Men hardly ever ask sexual favors of women from whom the certain answer is ‘no.’”
Measurement of spherical aberration in STEM

Abstract The spherical aberration coefficients, Cs, of two objective lens pole pieces of a VG HB501A scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) have been measured using power spectrum analysis of bright-field (BF) images of amorphous carbon films recorded at 100 keV. The high-resolution pole piece and the analytical pole piece have measured values of Cs = 1.29 ± 0.23 mm, respectively. A small BF detector of 0.6 mrad allows coherent imaging, and a long dwell time attains a high signal-to-noise ratio. The imaging parameters have been measured with an accuracy comparable to that obtained in TEM.
Raman cross sections of selected hydrocarbons and freons

Abstract The Raman spectra of some selected hydrocarbons and freon gases have been measured and are reported here. The observed peak intensities of the strongest line for each hydrocarbon molecule relative to that of the 2331 cm −1 line of molecular nitrogen range from 14·5 for benzene to 2·6 for 2-pentene. The Raman cross sections of the C-H stretching bands relative to the 2331 cm −1 nitrogen line range from 46 for hexane to 1·2 for acetylene.
Low-l 5-min oscillation observations

Medium resolution CCD-spectrograph observations have been obtained that are suitable for studying long spatial wavelength 5-min oscillations. We find evidence that at wavelengths of order one solar radius the oscillation field is not isotropic. It is also not well described by modes of uniform excitation. The velocity power density per spherical harmonic increases with decreasing l to 1.1 × 103 cm2 s−2 per 3.5 × 10−4 Hz angular frequency bandwidth at l = 4. These results are inconsistent with the data of Fossat and Ricort (1975) as analyzed by Christensen-Dalsgaard and Gough (1982), who found a substantially constant modal amplitude at intermediate l values. It is interesting that other calculations have seen a similar dependence at small l in the growth rate of p-modes due to the κ-mechanism.
Development of wild type, shrunken-1 and shrunken-2 maize kernels grown in vitro

Kernels of wild type maize (Zea mays L.) and the mutants shrunken-1 and shrunken-2 developed as much as in vivo when excised at five days post-pollination and grown in culture using existing methods. Mature kernels from culture exhibited their expected phenotypes. Starch, sugar and enzyme levels of kernels grown in culture were similar to those known to occur in kernels of the same genotypes grown in vivo. Differences in percentage germination of kernels grown in vitro were similar to those of kernels grown in vivo.
Thermal energy conversion systems overview for fusion reactors

The author describes various thermal energy conversion systems reviewed in order to select an efficient power cycle that is compatible with fusion reactor requirements. The most suitable power cycles were selected for a toroidal confinement system with deuterium-tritium and deuterium-deuterium fuel cycles and for a tandem mirror reactor (TMR) with a D-/sup 3/He fuel cycle. The steam cycle was found to be most suitable for the reversed-field pinch and tokamak reactors, whereas a combination of a direct energy conversion system and a steam cycle was found to be most suitable for a D-/sup 3/He TMR. It is anticipated that the energy conversion systems of all fusion reactors fall under these two categories.
Viewpoint: A New York Kind of Survey

Among the healthcare regulations enacted by New York State Health Commissioner Dr. David Axelrod is one requiring a comprehensive compulsory survey of each New York hospital by the state health department. A medical director offers his thoughts on the survey and describes its impact on his hospital.
Variation in the myosoricine hand skeleton and its implications for locomotory behavior (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae)

Substrate use and locomotory behavior of mammals are typically reflected in external characteristics of the forefeet, such as the relative proportions of the digits and claws. Although skeletal anatomy of the forefeet can be more informative than external characters, skeletons remain rare in systematic collections. This is particularly true for the Myosoricinae (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae), a small clade of African shrews that includes both ambulatory forest shrews (Myosorex) and semifossorial mole shrews (Surdisorex). Most species in this subfamily have restricted distributions, and their behavior and ecology are mostly unstudied. To better understand the potential range of locomotory behavior among myosoricines, we used digital x-rays to image and facilitate measuring the forefoot skeletons of 9 species. As a gauge of potential variation, we compared them with the ambulatory talpid Uropsilus (Talpidae) and the semifossorial talpid Neurotrichus. The hand morphologies of myosoricines show a graded range of potential substrate use between ambulatory and semifossorial. Some of these shrews exhibit adaptations for increased burrowing efficiency that are similar to those seen in talpids and other mammals, such as longer, broader distal phalanges and claws and shorter, wider metacarpals and proximal and middle phalanges. They also, however, have characteristics that are distinct from talpids, such as maintenance of forefoot asymmetry and an increased emphasis of ray III.
Pattern of food intake and body weight gain in aged, noncycling female rats.

Food intake and body weight were observed in middle-aged, noncycling female rats. The body weight of female rats showing constant vaginal cornification showed no change between the ages of 13.0 and 18.5 months. The body weight of recurrently pseudopregnant and ovariectomized females showed significant increases during the 5.5-month observation period. The mean daily food intake of the recurrently pseudopregnant and ovariectomized females was also significantly greater than that of the constant vaginal estrous group. It is hypothesized that the hormone-sensitive neural structures regulating food intake remain functional and that differential patterns of food intake and body weight gain in the aged female are a consequence of the disturbed ovarian function.
Approximation Of Eigenvector Weights For ISAR Imaging

A key task in Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) imaging and many other applications is estimating the power spectrum of a two-dimensional random process from data measurements. Often the data sampling points do not correspond to a uniformly-spaced rectangular lattice. A particular method is reported herein for performing spectrum analysis from data measured on an irregular lattice. The method employs certain optimal weights, termed Generalized Prolate Spheroidal Sequences, that are determined from a generalized matrix eigenvec luor problem. Because the computational burden of the eigenvector solution can be impractical for large sampling lattices, computationally efficient sub-optimal approximations to the optimal eigenvector weights are proposed. These approximate weights result from careful modification of both the optimization criterion and the subspace over which the criterion is optimized. Near-optimal results can be obtained with a significant reduction in computation. A numerical example is presented for a particular ISAR application to verify the utility of the approximations.
Serum lipoprotein levels in children: epidemiologic and clinical implications.

Abstract Serum total cholesterol and lipoprotein cholesterol (LPC) were measured in a standardized laboratory in 3568 fasting children and youths, age 5–17 yr, in a biracial population of a total community. Between ages 11–15 yr, mean serum total cholesterol declined 3 mg/dl per year from 155 mg/dl to 143 mg/dl. Both α-LPC (7 mg/dl) and β-LPC (7 mg/dl) decreased while pre-β-LPC (2 mg/dl) increased during adolescence. Measurement errors, based upon a 10% blind duplicate random subsample, and race-sex adjustment factors, were determined for each lipid. Measurement errors were 4 mg/dl for serum total cholesterol and 6, 5 and 2 mg/dl for serum α-, β- and pre-β-LPC respectively. Measurement errors generally exceeded race-sex adjustment factors. For each fasting child serum total cholesterol was standardized for race, sex and age. Deciles for these total cholesterol relative deviates were determined. Mean total and lipoprotein cholesterol were calculated for each decile for each of the four race-sex groups. Both α-LPC and β-LPC steadily increased as the total cholesterol relative deviates increased, but the rate of increase in β-LPC exceeded that for α-LPC. As percentages of total cholesterol relative deviates. β-LPC greatly increased while α-LPC markedly decreased at higher deciles in all race-sex groups. Percentile tables for each lipid were listed with recommendations for use by clinicians caring for children in daily office practice. Guidelines were suggested for total cholesterol and LPC determinations in clinical practice. Children with a total cholesterol level greater than 185 mg/dl should have lipoproteins determined which will enable judgement for therapeutic decisions. Lipid data and lipoprotein ratios from nine selected white male adolescents in the study were presented and discussed. The results suggested a biologic link between earlier post-mortem studies of premature coronary atherosclerosis in young white male adults and epidemiologic studies of coronary heart disease in older adults. Because of the remarkable changes in lipoprotein patterns during adolescence, young men are appropriate targets for the study of methods for intervention to prevent coronary heart disease.
Model for transient and permanent error-detection and fault-isolation coverage

As computer technologies advance to achieve higher performance and density, intermittent failures become more dominant than solid failures, with the result that the effectiveness of any diagnostic procedure which relies on reproducing failures is greatly reduced. This problem is solved at the system level by a new strategy of dynamic error detection and fault isolation based on error checking and analysis of captured information. The model developed in this paper allows the system designer to project the dynamic error-detection and fault-isolation coverages of the system as a function of the failure rates of components and the types and placement of error checkers, which has resulted in significant improvements to both detection and isolation in the IBM 3081 Processor Unit. The model has also resulted in new probabilistic isolation strategies based on the likelihood of failures. Our experiences with this model on several IBM products, including the 3081, show good correlation between the model and practical experiments.
Step-by-Step Guide to Producing a Comprehensive Academic Advising Handbook.

The authors walk through the process of creating an advising handbook. In light of their hands-on experience, they suggest the questions lo ask in customizing such a publication for an individual campus and offer tips to increase user-friendliness.
MiniSipper: A new in situ water sampler for high-resolution, long-duration acid mine drainage monitoring

Abstract Abandoned hard-rock mines can be a significant source of acid mine drainage (AMD) and toxic metal pollution to watersheds. In Colorado, USA, abandoned mines are often located in remote, high elevation areas that are snowbound for 7–8 months of the year. The difficulty in accessing these remote sites, especially during winter, creates challenging water sampling problems and major hydrologic and toxic metal loading events are often under sampled. Currently available automated water samplers are not well suited for sampling remote snowbound areas so the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed a new water sampler, the MiniSipper, to provide long-duration, high-resolution water sampling in remote areas. The MiniSipper is a small, portable sampler that uses gas bubbles to separate up to 250 five milliliter acidified samples in a long tubing coil. The MiniSipper operates for over 8 months unattended in water under snow/ice, reduces field work costs, and greatly increases sampling resolution, especially during inaccessible times. MiniSippers were deployed in support of an U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) project evaluating acid mine drainage inputs from the Pennsylvania Mine to the Snake River watershed in Summit County, CO, USA. MiniSipper metal results agree within 10% of EPA-USGS hand collected grab sample results. Our high-resolution results reveal very strong correlations (R 2 > 0.9) between potentially toxic metals (Cd, Cu, and Zn) and specific conductivity at the Pennsylvania Mine site. The large number of samples collected by the MiniSipper over the entire water year provides a detailed look at the effects of major hydrologic events such as snowmelt runoff and rainstorms on metal loading from the Pennsylvania Mine. MiniSipper results will help guide EPA sampling strategy and remediation efforts in the Snake River watershed.
Optimal Power Absorption in Lossy Targets

Abstract The power Q absorbed by a lossy target depends upon its effective conductivity σ, as well as its other electrical and geometrical properties. It is apparent from physical reasoning that there is an optimal conductivity σ∗ at which a maximal amount of power Q∗ is absorbed. The determination of these quantities and the detailed dependence of Q on σ requires many numerical simulations of the underlying scattering problem. In this letter we propose a simple approximate method which explicitly gives this relationship and significantly reduces the number of computations. The method is demonstrated on the model problem of TM scattering from a finite, homogeneous, and lossy dielectric slab whose exact solution is known for comparison. The approximate technique gives an excellent result.
Controlled genetic variation in a subchronic toxicity assay: Susceptibility to induction of bladder hyperplasia in mice by 2‐acetylaminofluorene

Five different dose levels of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) were fed to weanling mice of 4 different genotypes from three unrelated F1 hybrids for 13 wk to determine differences in susceptibility to induction of bladder hyperplasia. Differences in the prevalence of hyperplasia per se and in the average grade of hyperplasia were interpreted as indicating greater susceptibility. On this basis, males of all genotypes were more susceptible than females. Among the genotypes, (AEX YS)F1 mice (AY) were most susceptible, followed closely by yellow A vy/A(BALB/cXVY)F1 mice (CV). Agouti A/a(BALB/cXVY)F1 mice were less susceptible than their yellow siblings and similar to the (C57BL/6XC3H)F1 mice. Neither body weight gain nor any of the biochemical parameters measured appeared to be affected at any dose level of 2-AAF. However, quantitative differences in several biochemical characteristics were detected among the genotypes. Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity was higher in the AY mice than in the other hybrids. Among the CV mice, the yellow animals had lower glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity than their agouti siblings. Hepatic GST activity was lower in CV mice than in either of the other hybrids. Hepatic cytochrome P-450 and bs activities were similar in all hybrids.
Module evolution and substrate specificity of fungal nonribosomal peptide synthetases involved in siderophore biosynthesis

Most filamentous ascomycete fungi produce high affinity iron chelators called siderophores, biosynthesized nonribosomally by multimodular adenylating enzymes called nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). While genes encoding the majority of NRPSs are intermittently distributed across the fungal kingdom, those encoding ferrichrome synthetase NRPSs, responsible for biosynthesis of ferrichrome siderophores, are conserved, which offers an opportunity to trace their evolution and the genesis of their multimodular domain architecture. Furthermore, since the chemistry of many ferrichromes is known, the biochemical and structural 'rules' guiding NRPS substrate choice can be addressed using protein structural modeling and evolutionary approaches. A search of forty-nine complete fungal genome sequences revealed that, with the exception of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, none of the yeast, chytrid, or zygomycete genomes contained a candidate ferrichrome synthetase. In contrast, all filamentous ascomycetes queried contained at least one, while presence and numbers in basidiomycetes varied. Genes encoding ferrichrome synthetases were monophyletic when analyzed with other NRPSs. Phylogenetic analyses provided support for an ancestral duplication event resulting in two main lineages. They also supported the proposed hypothesis that ferrichrome synthetases derive from an ancestral hexamodular gene, likely created by tandem duplication of complete NRPS modules. Recurrent losses of individual domains or complete modules from this ancestral gene best explain the diversity of extant domain architectures observed. Key residues and regions in the adenylation domain pocket involved in substrate choice and for binding the amino and carboxy termini of the substrate were identified. Iron-chelating ferrichrome synthetases appear restricted to fission yeast, filamentous ascomycetes, and basidiomycetes and fall into two main lineages. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that loss of domains or modules led to evolution of iterative biosynthetic mechanisms that allow flexibility in biosynthesis of the ferrichrome product. The 10 amino acid NRPS code, proposed earlier, failed when we tried to infer substrate preference. Instead, our analyses point to several regions of the binding pocket important in substrate choice and suggest that two positions of the code are involved in substrate anchoring, not substrate choice.
Flavonoids of some controversial members of theCaryophyllales (Centrospermae)

The absence or occurrence of C-glycolsylflavonoids in theAizoaceae andMolluginaceae, respectively, has been utilized to classify several controversial genera of centrospermous plants that have previously been placed in different families by systematists. The presence of these compounds in several further species of theMolluginaceae is reported. Their anomalous presence inGliscrothamnus (Aizoaceae) is discussed.
Fourier Domain Display Color Filter Array Design

In digital image display devices, data are typically presented via a spatial subsampling procedure implemented as a color filter array, a physical construction whereby each light emitting element controls the intensity level of only a single color. In this paper, we examine the problem of color filter array design with respect to spatial resolution and human vision; in doing so we quantify the fundamental limitations of existing designs by explicitly considering the spectral wavelength representation induced by the choice of array pattern, and propose a framework for designing and analyzing alternative patterns that minimize aliasing. An empirical evaluations on standard color test image confirms our theoretical results, and indicates the potential of these patterns to significantly increase spatial resolution while at the same time improving color image fidelity.
Elementary particle physics in the dalton manner

Abstract Elementary particles are sorted into basic particles and composite particles, paralleling Dalton's distinction between atoms and molecules. In this model, the “atoms” or basic particles are the neutrino, the pion, and the archyon or beauty baryon. Particle reactions are reduced to the regrouping of basic particles augmented by pair creation and pair annihilation. The algebraic number of basic particles of each type is conserved. A Lagrangian density containing only six parameters is proposed as a starting point for calculations of masses, lifetimes, and cross sections involving strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions. The two main underlying concepts are: composite particles have relativistic binding energies comparable to the mass of the components and antiparticles are particles propagating backwards in time.
Transvaginal gray‐scale imaging of ureteral jets in the evaluation of ureteral patency

We have previously reported on the value of transvaginal color Doppler evaluation of the ureteral jets to confirm ureteral patency. In this study, we attempt to validate the simple and widely available gray-scale ultrasound technique to perform the same task. Fifty consecutive patients without a history of urinary complaints were recruited. The presence or absence of the right and left ureteral jets was registered using gray-scale imaging, comparing the technique to color Doppler as the 'gold standard'. The time to the detection of the first jet as well as the total scanning time were documented for each side. The jets were seen with equal frequency on both the right and the left sides (34 observations each). In 24 patients, both jets were visualized. The median time to detection of the first jet was 47 s (range 34-79 s) for the right jet and 53 s (36-84 s) for the left jet (p = 0.42). The median total scanning time was 176 s (139-259 s). Gray-scale imaging was associated with a sensitivity of 68% and a positive predictive value of 100%. Although color Doppler results may be more attractive because of their impressive color-coded appearance, the major disadvantage of this technique is that it requires sophisticated and costly equipment. Transvaginal gray-scale imaging is a reliable and useful test for the detection of ureteral jets in the bladder. It can be used as a first-line diagnostic tool, particularly in settings where color Doppler is not available. Its benefits include safety, low cost, convenience and simplicity. With a positive predictive value of 100%, this test may be used in the postoperative patient, especially when ureteral patency is in question.
Consumer buying behavior and optimal advertising strategy: the quadratic profit function case

Abstract Nicosia's consumer buyer behavior model for a finite advertising campaign duration and a quadratic profit function, which represents the advertising effectiveness measure, is considered. The optimal dynamic advertising strategy is the solution to a quadratic, two-boundary point, optimal control problem with two control constraints. The closed form solutions of optimal advertising paths are obtained and estimation of the parameters is treated. A numerical example illustrates the methodology and provides a comparison with a constant advertising path. The feasibility of applying constrained dynamic optimization to obtain the optimal advertising path in a more realistic environment is demonstrated.
Simplified Stress Categorization Using a Single Linear Elastic Analysis

The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (code) provides guidelines for the classification of linear elastic stresses into primary, secondary, and peak stresses. Although these guidelines cover a wide range of pressure containing components, the guidelines are sometimes difficult to employ for three-dimensional components with complex geometry. This paper uses the mα-tangent method, an assessment of constraint in the component, based on limit load multiplier estimates as a stress classification tool. The method is applied to several practical pressure vessel components from simple to relatively complex geometric configurations. The results compare well with those obtained by conventional techniques, e.g., inelastic finite element analysis.
MR imaging of extraabdominal desmoids: differentiation from other neoplasms.

A retrospective review of MR images of 36 patients with histologically proved extraabdominal desmoids was done to define the MR characteristics of these tumors and to determine if MR could be used to differentiate desmoids from other benign and malignant soft-tissue neoplasms. The desmoids evaluated included eight primary and 30 recurrent lesions. Our study was conducted in parallel with another study in which the MR appearance of 95 benign and malignant soft-tissue masses was evaluated, and the MR images of these masses were compared with our findings. The four desmoids from that study are included in our data. The signal intensity of the tumor on T1- and T2-weighted images was graded relative to the intensities of muscle and fat. Homogeneity, margin, neurovascular and bone involvement, and fibrosis (low-signal regions within the tumor on both T1- and T2-weighted images) were evaluated. On MR imaging, the desmoids showed inhomogeneous signal (97%), poor margination (89%), neurovascular involvement (58%),...
Clinical supervision of court-referred juvenile offenders: Are juvenile referrals the least among equals?

Abstract In the counseling field, clinical supervisors operate between the line-level counselor and the organizational administration. They are responsible for both the efficient operation of the therapeutic aspect of the organization, and the supervision, training, and management of the therapists. The quality of the treatment offered by an institution can be assessed by a number of measures, including the ratio of clinical supervisors to counselors, the training and experience of the clinical supervisor, and the number of different tasks the clinical supervisor is asked to perform. Through a survey of clinical supervisors in five western states we compared the differences among clinical supervisors who had large versus small numbers of court-referred juveniles in their programs. Data indicate that therapeutic programming and clinical supervision are different in programs with a high proportion of court ordered juvenile offenders relative to those with a high proportion of private referrals. This programming, however, may be superior to the programming and clinical supervision received in programs with fewer court-ordered juvenile offenders.
Coprime factorizations of parallel, cascade, feedback interconnections

Doubly coprime factorizations of the transfer-functions of parallel, cascade, and feedback system interconnections are derived algebraically, extending the results of previous work on parallel interconnections. The factors of these doubly coprime representations derived here are important in characterizing all stabilizing controllers for these interconnections.
On the Shortening Rate of Collections of Plane Convex Curves by the Area-Preserving Mean Curvature Flow

Area-preserving mean curvature flows can be used to model some phase transitions. Geometrically, in the two-dimensional case, they describe the shortening of the curves that are interfaces separating the two phases while preserving the areas of each phase, respectively. Scaling arguments suggest that under the area-preserving mean curvature flow, the rescaled total curve length $\tilde{L}(t)$ decreases as a temporal power law $\tilde{L}(t)\sim ct^{-1/2}$, where c is a positive constant. In this paper, we consider the evolution of a collection of nonintersecting smooth convex plane curves, prove a time-averaged lower bound of the decay rate of $\tilde{L}$ which exhibits the aforementioned power law, and get the dependence of the coefficient constant c on the curve shapes.
Preliminary observations on the toxicity of the hydrochloride and acetate salts of mafenide (sulfamylon r).

Abstract Mafenide acetate was found to produce less metabolic acidosis and to be significantly less toxic than mafenide hydrochloride following intravenous administration in experimental animals. It would appear, therefore, that the acetate salt of mafenide offers an improvement over mafenide hydrochloride in burn wound treatment.
Tunable single frequency cesium laser

We present an optically pumped ring cavity Cs vapor laser with output power of 80 mW operating in a single longitudinal mode at 894 nm and tunable over 14 GHz. This laser can be used for laser cooling, production of a spin polarized atoms, spectroscopy and quantum optics.
Vector vortex beam emission from organic semiconductor microlasers

High order Bessel beams (HOBBs) carrying discrete orbital angular momentum (OAM) are currently being explored for use in applications ranging from optical trapping to high-speed communication, all of which would benefit from the availability of compact semiconductor lasers with direct HOBB output. Here, we use an organic semiconductor gain medium to demonstrate a bilayer microdisk laser architecture that yields cylindrical vector HOBB emission with OAM quanta per photon >400ℏ. These devices feature azimuthally polarized, few-mode lasing with optical pumping thresholds <100 μJ/cm2 and emission wavelengths that can be tuned over a range of ∼40 nm by varying the organic microdisk thickness. Our approach is generally applicable to organic and inorganic semiconductors alike and may therefore serve as a practical route for integrating HOBB functionality into a range of optoelectronic and photonic applications throughout the visible and near-infrared spectrum.
Quantum Limit in a Parallel Magnetic Field in Layered Conductors

We show that electron wave functions in a quasi-two-dimensional conductor in a parallel magnetic field are always localized on conducting layers. In particular, wave functions and the electron spectrum in a quantum limit, where the sizes of quasiclassical electron orbits are of the order of nanoscale distances between the layers, are determined. ac infrared measurements to investigate Fermi surfaces and to test Fermi-liquid theory in quasi-two-dimensional organic and high-Tc materials in high magnetic fields, H approximately equal 10-45 T, are suggested.
High-Throughput Multicast Routing Metrics in Wireless Mesh Networks

The stationary nature of nodes in a mesh network has shifted the main design goal of routing protocols from maintaining connectivity between source and destination nodes to finding high-throughput paths between them. In recent years, numerous link-quality-based routing metrics have been proposed for choosing high-throughput paths for unicast protocols. In this paper we study routing metrics for high-throughput tree or mesh construction in multicast protocols. We show that there is a fundamental difference between unicast and multicast routing in how data packets are transmitted at the link layer, and accordingly there is a difference in how the routing metrics for each of these primitives are designed. We adapt certain routing metrics for unicast for high-throughput multicast routing and propose news ones not previously used for high-throughput. We then study the performance improvement achieved by using different link-quality-based routing metrics via extensive simulation and experiments on a mesh network testbed, using ODMRP as a representative multicast protocol. Our testbed experiment results show that ODMRP enhanced with linkquality routing metrics can achieve up to 17.5% throughput improvement as compared to the original ODMRP.
Deregulation with consensus

We analyze the problem of eliminating an inefficient regulation, such as protection, in a dynamic model in which there is incomplete information and unanimous approval from all parties involved is necessary. Existing firms have heterogeneous cost, and efficiency requires some of them to shut down when the inefficient regulation is eliminated. The government can set up a revelation mechanism, giving subsidies and requiring firms to exit the market at a given time depending on the information collected. Under full commitment the optimal policy prescribes that some inefficient firms remain active and are subsidized. The optimal policy takes a simple form, with at most two times at which the firms are allowed to exit.
An assessment of communication competencies needed by intermediate‐level health care providers: A study of nurse‐patient, nurse‐doctor, nurse‐nurse communication relationships

This study assesses the communication needs and competencies of nurses in their relationships with patients, doctors, and other nurses. Specifically, it examines the importance of nine communication skills in each of the three contexts. Statistically significant differences were found across the three relationships for the importance of advising, persuading, instructing, routine information exchange, public speaking, small group communication, giving orders, listening, and management of conflict. Conclusions centering on the relative openness of the nurse‐patient and nurse‐nurse relationships are contrasted with the closedness of the nurse‐doctor relationship where it is seen as a superior‐subordinate one. Several questions are raised concerning the efficacy of a closed communication relationship among physicians and nurses.
Origin of Cancer

A useful road map of cancer is that all paths leading to the cancer cell go by the way of a stem cell.
Query estimation by adaptive sampling

The ability to provide accurate and efficient result estimations of user queries is very important for the query optimizer in database systems. In this paper, we show that the traditional estimation techniques with data reduction points of view do not produce satisfiable estimation results if the query patterns are dynamically changing. We further show that to reduce query estimation error, instead of accurately capturing the data distribution, it is more effective to capture the user query patterns. In this paper, we propose query estimation techniques that can adapt to user query patterns for more accurate estimates of the size of selection or range queries over databases.
PRODUCTION DIFFERENCES BETWEEN REGISTERED COWS AND THEIR NONREGISTERED HERD-MATES.

Abstract Within-herd contemporary comparisons of the first-lactation production of registered and nonregistered cows in herds enrolled in the New York Dairy Herd Improvement Associations suggest only small genetic differences between registered and nonregistered cows. In general, the registered Holsteins exceeded in production their nonregistered herd-mates, whereas the nonregistered cows had a slight advantage over their registered herd-mates for the Ayrshire, Guernsey, and Jersey breeds. Artificially sired cows had consistently higher production than their naturally sired herd-mates for all breeds. A definite increase in this advantage was noted for Holsteins in more recent years. No trend was apparent in the comparison of artificially sired registered and nonregistered cows for any of the breeds.
BASOLATERAL DISTRIBUTION OF CAVEOLIN-1 IN THE KIDNEY : ABSENCE FROM H+-ATPASE-COATED ENDOCYTIC VESICLES IN INTERCALATED CELLS

In kidney epithelial cells, a variety of physiological processes are dependent on the active recycling of membrane proteins between intracellular vesicles and the cell surface. Although clathrin-mediated endocytosis occurs in several renal cell types, endocytosis can also occur by non-clathrin-coated vesicles, including pinocytotic structures known as caveolae that contain a novel coat protein, caveolin. Exo- and endocytosis of a vacuolar H+-ATPase in intercalated cells also occurs via specialized "coated" vesicles that do not contain clathrin. The aim of this study was to localize caveolin in the kidney and, in addition, to determine whether it could be a component of the H+-ATPase recycling process. Using an antibody against the alpha- and beta-isoforms of caveolin-1, our immunocytochemical data show a marked heterogeneity in the cellular expression of this isoform of caveolin in kidney. In contrast, caveolin-3 was not detectable in renal epithelial cells. Caveolin-1 was abundant in endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells and was present in the parietal cells of Bowman's capsule. Distal tubule cells, connecting tubule cells, and collecting duct principal cells exhibited marked punctate basolateral staining, corresponding to the presence of caveolae detected by electron microscopy, whereas all intercalated cells were negative in both cortex and medulla. These data indicate that although caveolin-1 may participate in basolateral events in some kidney epithelial cell types, it does not appear to be involved in the regulated recycling of H+-ATPase in intercalated cells. Therefore, these cells recycle H+-ATPase by a mechanism that involves neither clathrin nor caveolin-1.
Trichilemmomal carcinoma in a patient with Cowden's disease (multiple hamartoma syndrome)

Belluno district (Veneto region, northeast Italy): age distribution and morbidity. Am J Med Genet 1990;suppl 7: 84-6. 5. Hanifin JM, Rajka G. Diagnostic features of atopic dermatiffs. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh) 1980;92: 44-7. 6. Schmied C, Saurat J-H. Epidfmiologie de la dermatite atopique. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1989;116:729-34. 7. Schachner L. A statistical analysis of a pediatric dermatology clinic. Pediatr Dermatol 1983;1:157-64. 8. Palazzo R, Schepis C, Dispinzeri A, et al. Study of cutaneous hydration in subjects with Down's syndrome. In: Cerimele D, Fabrizi G, Serri F, editors. Atti del 3 ° Simposio Intemazionale di Dermatologia Pediatrica 14-17 Settembre, 1988 Mazara del Vallo (TP). Napoli: L'Antologia, 1988:23944.
Growth of evoked potential amplitude in neonatal chicks exposed to intense sound.

The recovery of auditory function at selected intervals following exposure to a 0.9 kHz tone for 48 h at 120 dB SPL is described in neonatal chicks. Evoked potentials recorded from the nucleus magnocellularis were used to measure threshold sensitivity and peak-to-peak response amplitude as a function of stimulus intensity. The relation between evoked-response amplitude and stimulus intensity was nearly linear in control animals. However, at 0 days post exposure, the evoked response in mid-range frequencies showed a severe threshold shift and an abnormally rapid growth in amplitude. At 3 days post exposure, the rate of growth was nearly identical to that measured in control animals and threshold sensitivity showed considerable recovery. Current theories of amplitude-intensity growth and studies of basilar papilla damage and repair following intense sound exposure were applied in the analysis of these results.
Requirements for DDDAS flexible point support

Dynamic data-driven application systems (DDDAS) integrate computer simulations with experimental observations to study phenomena with greater speed and accuracy than could be achieved by either experimentation or simulation alone. One of the key challenges behind DDDAS is automatically adapting simulations when experimental data indicates that a simulation must change. Coercion is a semi-automated simulation adaptation approach that can be automated further if elements of the simulation called flexible points are described in advance. In this paper, we use a number of DDDAS adaptation examples to identify the information that needs to be captured about flexible points in order to support coercion.
Application of Rational Restructuring to Anxiety Disorders

This article outlines the theoretical assumptions and research base for rational restructuring, a cognitive-behavioral intervention procedure that may be used for the reduction of certain anxiety-related disorders. Specifically applicable to various forms of social-evaluative anxiety, such as social anxiety, unassertiveness, public speaking, and test-taking anxiety, the goal of rational restructuring is to help client to learn to obtain a more realistic perspective on themselves and their relationships with others. In the most general sense, rational restructuring may be construed as a procedure for teaching clients the use of a coping skill. Intervention procedures within the consultation session are described and illustrated, and suggestions are offered for the application of this coping skill in the client's life.
A prospective analysis of office-based breast ultrasound

Objective To determine the usefulness of office-based breast ultrasound. Design Prospective, nonrandomized study. Setting Academic-affiliated community teaching hospital. Patients Among 653 consecutive patients seen in our office during a 30-month period, we performed 660 ultrasound examinations. The presenting complaint included a palpable mass in 53%, abnormal mammogram in 39%, and nipple discharge or retraction in 3%. Intervention Ultrasound examination was performed using a handheld 7.5-MHz linear array transducer. Findings and pertinent clinicopathologic data were recorded prospectively in our Breast Ultrasound Registry. Main Outcome Measure Contribution of breast ultrasound to diagnosis and treatment. Results The sonogram was normal in 201 cases (30%), showed duct ectasia in 20 cases (3%), a simple cyst or seroma in 101 cases (15%), and a focal complex or solid abnormality in 338 cases (51%). Among the last group, 114 (97%) of 118 lesions thought to be benign on ultrasonography proved to be benign, whereas 13 (12%) of 111 indeterminate and 72 (75%) of 96 sonographically suspicious lesions proved to be cancer (including 13 cases with normal mammograms). Ultrasonographic features of malignancy included an anteroposterior–to–lateral dimension ratio of 1 or greater, heterogeneous hypoechoicity, irregular shadowing, and fuzzy and/or jagged margins. Ultrasound-guided needle biopsy accurately diagnosed 46 benign nonpalpable lesions and 20 malignant nonpalpable lesions. Conclusions These data suggest that ultrasonography is a useful adjunct to clinical and mammographic evaluation of breast disease. Breast ultrasound identifies cysts, aids in differentiating benign from malignant lesions, and facilitates office needle biopsy of nonpalpable abnormalities, permitting timely and cost-effective patient care.
INTEGRATED PERFORMANCE, POWER, AND THERMAL MODELING

In current microprocessor designs, power dissipation has become a first class design constraint alongside performance and total chip cost. In order to design power efficient microprocessors, it is essential for architects to estimate the power/energy consumption and study thermal effects early on in the design process. This paper describes a method that can be used to study power/performance tradeoffs during the microarchitecture definition phase. The modeling and simulation methods provide an integrated framework for evaluating the effects of microarchitectural parameters on performance, power and thermal behavior. The method also provides a flexible interface for supporting several power and thermal models of varying degrees of detail. The paper introduces a tool based on this method that can be used to systematically study new architectures, designs and optimize them for power and/or performance. The tool also has a flexible interface which is to be easily extended for future power/performance analysis and optimization techniques.