cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
fMRI reveals that non‐local processing in ventral retinotopic cortex underlies perceptual grouping by temporal synchrony

When spatially separated objects appear and disappear in a synchronous manner, they per- ceptually group into a single global object that itself appears and disappears. We employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify brain regions involved in this type of perceptual group- ing. Subjects viewed four chromatically-defined disks (one per visual quadrant) that flashed on and off. We contrasted %BOLD signal changes between blocks of synchronously flashing disks (Grouping) with blocks of asynchronously flashing disks (no-Grouping). Results: A region of interest analysis revealed %BOLD signal change in the Grouping condition was significantly greater than in the no- Grouping condition within retinotopic areas V2, V3, and V4v. Within a single quadrant of the visual field, the spatio-temporal information present in the image was identical across the two stimulus condi- tions. As such, the two conditions could not be distinguished from each other on the basis of the rate or pattern of flashing within a single visual quadrant. The observed results must therefore arise through nonlocal interactions between or within these retinotopic areas, or arise from outside these ret- inotopic areas. Furthermore, when V2 and V3 were split into ventral and dorsal sub-ROIs, ventral reti- notopic areas V2v and V3v preferentially differentiated between the two conditions whereas the corre- sponding dorsal areas V2d and V3d did not. In contrast, within hMT+, %BOLD signal was significantly greater in the no-Grouping condition. Conclusion: Nonlocal processing within, between, or to ventral retinotopic cortex at least as early as V2v, and including V3v, and V4v, underlies perceptual grouping via temporal synchrony. Hum Brain Mapp 29:651-661, 2008. V C 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Bayesian Hierarchical Spatially Correlated Functional Data Analysis with Application to Colon Carcinogenesis

In this article, we present new methods to analyze data from an experiment using rodent models to investigate the role of p27, an important cell-cycle mediator, in early colon carcinogenesis. The responses modeled here are essentially functions nested within a two-stage hierarchy. Standard functional data analysis literature focuses on a single stage of hierarchy and conditionally independent functions with near white noise. However, in our experiment, there is substantial biological motivation for the existence of spatial correlation among the functions, which arise from the locations of biological structures called colonic crypts: this possible functional correlation is a phenomenon we term crypt signaling. Thus, as a point of general methodology, we require an analysis that allows for functions to be correlated at the deepest level of the hierarchy. Our approach is fully Bayesian and uses Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for inference and estimation. Analysis of this data set gives new insights into the structure of p27 expression in early colon carcinogenesis and suggests the existence of significant crypt signaling. Our methodology uses regression splines, and because of the hierarchical nature of the data, dimension reduction of the covariance matrix of the spline coefficients is important: we suggest simple methods for overcoming this problem.
Prevention of serious conduct problems in youth with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

The purpose of this review is to discuss issues in the prevention of serious conduct problems among children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The authors began by reviewing research on the common genetic and environmental etiological factors, developmental trajectories, characteristics and impairments associated with ADHD and comorbid oppositional defiant and conduct disorders. Next, the authors presented empirically based models for intervention with children and adolescents with ADHD that are at risk of developing serious conduct problems and detailed the evidence supporting these models. Researchers have demonstrated the utility of medication and psychosocial intervention approaches to treat youth with these problems, but current evidence appears to support the superiority of multimodal treatments that include both approaches. Future directions for researchers are discussed.
Societal response to CO2-induced climate change: Opportunities for research

How might a climate change, induced by increased CO2 in the atmosphere, affect societies? What is the range of existing and potential mechanisms for societal response? And how might research contribute to a reduction of the adverse impact (or enhancement of the unique opportunities) of a climate change by providing greater understanding of the processes involved in climate and society interaction? This paper reflects an initial effort to shed light on these questions. It offers first a framework for identifying key issues in climate-society interaction; eight major questions are suggested by the framework. A discussion of each major question is then presented with the purpose of reviewing the current state of knowledge, identifying the gaps in understanding, and offering opportunities for research to fill those gaps. In all, twenty-two research needs are outlined and are summarized at the conclusion of the paper. The perspective is inter-disciplinary, but the review draws heavily from the geographic literature, reflecting the disciplinary bias of the authors.
Coulomb drag in mesoscopic rings

We develop a Luttinger-liquid theory of the Coulomb drag of persistent currents flowing in concentric mesoscopic rings by incorporating nonlinear corrections to the electron dispersion relation. We demonstrate that at low temperatures, interactions between electrons in different rings generate an additional phase and thus alter the {ital period} of Aharonov-Bohm oscillations. The resulting {ital nondissipative} drag depends strongly on the {ital relative parity} of the electron numbers. We also show that interactions set a new temperature scale below which the linear response theory does not apply at certain values of external flux. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Diagnosis of Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes

Clinical and neurophysiological data of 11 patients (4 males, 7 females) with congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) diagnosed between 1994 and 2000 are reported from Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
Coronary angiographic findings and conventional coronary artery disease risk factors of Indo-Guyanese immigrants with stable angina pectoris and acute coronary syndromes.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) among migrant Indian populations exceeds that of Caucasians. Migrant Indians also suffer from more premature, clinically aggressive and angiographically extensive, (i.e., 3-vessel disease). It is not known whether the extent of angiographic CAD or the conventional CAD risk factors of Indo-Guyanese (IG) immigrants differs from that of Caucasians. METHODS: We reviewed the conventional CAD risk factors and angiographic findings of 198 IG and 191 Caucasians who were consecutively referred for cardiac catheterization with a diagnosis of stable angina pectoris or acute coronary syndrome. RESULTS: Three-vessel CAD was approximately 1.5 times more common among IG than Caucasians (34.8% vs. 24.0%; P = .02). Age (P = .01), male sex (P = .03) and diabetes mellitus (P = .05) were independently associated with an increased likelihood of 3-vessel CAD and there was a trend towards IG ethnicity predicting 3-vessel disease (P = .13). The frequency of diabetes mellitus (51.5% vs. 30.9%; P <.001), hypertension (82.3% vs. 67.0%; P < .001) and dyslipidemia (75.5% vs. 60.2%; P = .001) were significantly greater among IG, however, that of smoking was not. While IG were significantly leaner than Caucasians (27.7 kg/m2 vs. 30.0 kg/m2 ; P < .001), their mean body mass index fell within the ethnic-specific range for obesity. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that IG immigrants presenting for coronary angiography have significantly higher rates of 3-vessel CAD as well as higher rates of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia than Caucasians. Aggressive screening, prevention and treatment may be warranted in this cohort. Ethn Dis . 2012 Winter;22(1):12-4.
Neutron resonance in high- T c superconductors is not the π particle

We discuss the interplay of particle-particle and particle-hole spin-triplet channels in high-${T}_{c}$ superconductors using a quasiparticle dispersion motivated by angle-resolved photoemission. Within a generalized random-phase approximation, we find a well-defined antibound state of two holes, the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ resonance of Demler and Zhang, as well as a bound state of a particle and a hole, the spin exciton. We show that the energy of the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ resonance always exceeds $2\ensuremath{\Delta},$ twice the maximum d-wave gap, therefore the neutron resonance observed in the cuprates around energy $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ is most likely a spin exciton. At the same time, we speculate that the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ particle can exist at higher energies and might be observed in neutron scattering around 100 meV.
Re-Reading for Forms in Sir Philip Sidney’s Defence of Poesy

Early modern literature, the field through which New Historicism first came into prominence and dominance, presents a special case for New Formalism. Early modern texts have been uncannily hospitable to New Historicist approaches (which may be an effect of their privileged position within earlier New Critical approaches) and are thus a site for formalist re-readings. More importantly, perhaps, early modern texts are hospitable to formal questions because early modern literary criticism and theory was essentially formalist. Working in an era of literary production that systematized its conceptions of genre and rhetoric, early modern authors obsessed over the forms by which texts produce their effects.
Strain Rate Sensitive Constitutive Equations

Stain rate sensitive constitutive equations using yield criterion which incorporates second and third invariants of stress deviator
An Online Appendix to 'Quadratic Voting: How Mechanism Design Can Radicalize Democracy'

This online appendix proves the central results in Lalley and Weyl (2016).The full text PDF for "Qaudratic Voting" may be found here: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2003531.
The net benefit of delayed finite-rate feedback in the MISO broadcast channel

A novel approach recently proposed by Maddah-Ali and Tse (the MAT scheme) achieves significant degrees of freedom (DoF) gain in the multi-input single-output (MISO) broadcast channel (BC) even with channel state information feedback that is completely stale, i.e., uncorrelated with the current channel state. However, their result does not consider the cost of the feedback, which can be quite large with moderate to high mobility/Doppler. In this paper, we introduce a new “net” degrees of freedom metric which is defined as the prelog capacity term remaining after subtracting off the feedback DoF consumed. We closely examine the MAT scheme and compare its maximum net DoF gain to single user transmission (which always achieves 1 DoF) and zero-forcing precoding (which achieves up to K DoF). In particular, assuming the channel coherence time is N symbol periods and the feedback delay is N fd , we show that when N (1+o(1))(N fd +K/log K)(1-log−1 K)−1 (long coherence time), zero-forcing precoding outperforms the other two. The MAT scheme is optimal for intermediate coherence times, which for practical parameter choices is indeed quite a large and significant range, even accounting for the feedback cost.
A Longitudinal Analysis of the Impact of Physical Activity on Neurocognitive Functioning Among HIV-Infected Adults

Higher levels of physical activity (PA) have been linked to better neurocognitive functioning in many populations. The current study examines the longitudinal association between PA and neurocognitive functioning among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected persons. Community-dwelling adults (N = 291) self-reported level of PA and completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery at two to four study visits (Mean follow-up time = 2.6 years). Participants were divided into three PA groups: "No PA" (no PA at any visit), "consistent PA" (PA at ≥50% of visits), and "inconsistent PA" (PA < 50% of visits). A mixed effect model, adjusting for significant covariates showed that all PA groups had statistically significant, yet modest, neurocognitive decline over time; and, the consistent PA group began with, and maintained, significantly better neurocognitive function compared to the other two PA groups. This effect was evident among both HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected persons, despite the fact that HIV-infected persons showed lower baseline neurocognitive function. PA is a modifiable lifestyle behavior that may help to protect against neurocognitive impairment regardless of HIV status, however, given the proportion of HIV-infected individuals who evidence neurocognitive difficulties, a focus on increasing PA seems warranted.
Ethnicity, extraterritoriality, and international conflict

ABSTRACTThe world has more ethnic groups than states and many ethnic groups are split across two or more states. One implication is that many ethnic conflicts are international phenomena in which transborder ethnic kin are involved. States concerned with co-ethnics or co-religionists in neighbouring countries are pursuing interests not included in our standard models of international politics. States that pursue such extraterritorial interests define national security and national survival in terms broader than merely maintaining the physical and territorial integrity of the state. Threats to their ethnic and religious brethren are seen as threats to them. And because such threats are seen as particularistic they also affect foreign policy alignments and the functioning of the balance of power.
UTILITY OF CARDIOPULMONARY EXERCISE TESTING TO DIAGNOSE AND PHENOTYPE HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION

Background: Diagnosis of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) is challenging. Invasive hemodynamic exercise testing represents the gold standard but is limited by cost and risk. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is commonly used to noninvasively establish the diagnosis but
Abstract P055: 2-Deoxy-Glucose Reduces Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity in Tumor-Bearing Mice

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent, commonly used anthracycline antibiotic for a wide range of cancers, but its dose is limited by its strong cardiotoxic effects. The glucose analog 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) has been shown to enhance the antitumor efficacy of DOX in tumor cell lines and in animals. However, the cardiac effects of 2-DG in these experiments were not determined. In the current study, we examined whether 2-DG could protect from DOX cardiotoxicity in a BALB/c mouse breast cancer model. A total of 32 mice were injected with 10 5 4T1 mouse mammary epithelial tumor cells in the right hind leg. The tumor was allowed to progress for 1 week before dividing the mice into four groups: saline, 2-DG, DOX, and 2-DG with DOX treatment. 2-DG was given 150 mg/kg i.p. Monday through Friday; DOX was given 5 mg/kg i.p. Wednesday. The study was conducted for 3 weeks and echocardiography was performed the day before sacrifice. Two of the eight mice in the DOX group died before echocardiography, while none died in the 2-DG with DOX group. Echocardiography indicated similar cardiac function between saline and 2-DG groups as measured by fractional shortening (36.3±1.31% vs 37.7±0.942%, p>0.05). DOX markedly reduced cardiac function, which was almost completely recovered by 2-DG (25.1±1.06% vs 36.7±1.76%, p 0.05). Nonetheless, 2-DG largely eliminated DOX-induced apoptosis in the heart as shown by a DNA laddering assay. 2-DG or DOX alone increased cardiac autophagic flux as measured by the difference in LC3-II protein levels in the absence and presence of the lysosomal inhibitor, bafilomycin A1. Paradoxically, autophagic flux was not notably elevated when mice were treated with 2-DG and DOX simultaneously. These results demonstrate the ability of 2-DG to reduce DOX cardiotoxicity without affecting its antitumor activity, suggesting that 2-DG can improve the therapeutic window for DOX, allowing greater flexibility in designing different regimens for treating cancers.
Health returns to modern heating: evidence from China

This study analyses the health effects of modern heating, using China’s centralized home heating infrastructure as a natural experiment. The underlying health mechanism is that the recipients of mo...
UNA NUEVA ESPECIE DE IDIOSTOLUS BERG, 1883 (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA: IDIOSTOLOIDEA: IDIOSTOLIDAE)

A new species of Idiostolus, Idiostolus schaeferi n. sp. is described. This new species is associated with Nothofagus antarctica (Nothofagaceae) and Pilgerodendrum uviferum (Cupressaceae). The last is the first host record on Cupressaceae for the Idiostolidae.
Explicit-Implicit Methods with Applications to Banach Space Valued Functions in Abstract Fractional Calculus

Explicit iterative methods have been used extensively to generate a sequence approximating a solution of an equation on a Banach space setting.
Combined Assimilation of Satellite Precipitation and Soil Moisture: A Case Study Using TRMM and SMOS Data

AbstractThis paper presents a framework that enables simultaneous assimilation of satellite precipitation and soil moisture observations into the coupled Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Noah land surface model through variational approaches. The authors tested the framework by assimilating precipitation data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and soil moisture data from the Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite. The results show that assimilation of both TRMM and SMOS data can effectively improve the forecast skills of precipitation, top 10-cm soil moisture, and 2-m temperature and specific humidity. Within a 2-day time window, impacts of precipitation data assimilation on the forecasts remain relatively constant for forecast lead times greater than 6 h, while the influence of soil moisture data assimilation increases with lead time. The study also demonstrates that the forecast skill of precipitation, soil moisture, and near-surface temperature and humidity are further...
A Core Model Toolbox and Guide

The subject of this chapter is core model theory at the level where it involves iteration trees. Our toolbox includes a list of fundamental theorems that set theorists who are not necessarily core model theorists can use off the shelf in applications. It also includes a catalog of such applications. For those interested in the nuts and bolts of core model theory, we offer a guide to the monograph “The Core Model Iterability Problem” by John Steel. We also provide an outline of the paper “The covering lemma up to a Woodin cardinal” by William Mitchell, John Steel and Ernest Schimmerling. These two sections with proofs build on an initial segment of the Handbook of Set Theory chapter by John Steel, whereas the other three sections require only general knowledge of set theory.
Association of the platelet GPIIb/IIIa polymorphism with atherosclerotic plaque morphology. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Abstract Objectives Platelet activation and aggregation play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. We examined the association of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the GPIIIa platelet glycoprotein (Leu33Pro) with carotid artery plaque morphology and with expression of platelet markers using data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Carotid MRI study. Methods The study sample consisted of 1202 Caucasian members of the ARIC study cohort recruited in 2004–2005 to participate in the Carotid MRI Substudy under stratified sampling based on maximum carotid artery wall thickness. The Leu33Pro polymorphism was identified as SNP rs5918 in the ITGB3 gene. Plaque visualization was accomplished with contrast enhanced MRI examination of the thickest segment of the carotid artery. Expression of platelet markers was measured using fasting whole blood flow cytometry. Results This cross-sectional analysis based on age and gender adjusted weighted linear regression models suggests that those homozygous for the Leu33Pro risk allele (C) have decreased mean and minimum fibrous cap thickness. We did not observe differences in plaque lipid volume or maximum carotid artery wall thickness across SNP rs5918 genotypes. Carriers of the Leu33Pro polymorphism, as compared to major allele homozygotes, had greater percent of platelets expressing P-selectin, a platelet glycoprotein indicating activation status. Prevalent coronary heart disease did not affect estimates of fibrous cap thickness or of platelet activation. Conclusion Our results suggest that individuals with Leu33Pro polymorphism of the GPIIIa glycoprotein may be predisposed to increased risk of atherosclerotic plaque rupture.
United States Progress in Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES)

In the United States research and development has been sponsored since 1970 on applying the physical state of superconductivity to the storage of energy; namely, superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES). This paper summarizes the progress made in this endeavor, culminating in the present day with the completion of component tests and two competing designs for a SMES pilot plant. The contract to construct and test one of these designs is to initiate in early 1991. The two competing designs were developed by teams of engineers and scientists at Bechtel National Inc. and Ebasco Services Inc. The pilot plant is currently rated for two discharge levels: 10 MW for 2 hours and 400 MW for 100 seconds. The paper also presents a brief description of the pilot plant, its construction schedule and test plan. The sponsors for the pilot plant efforts are the Electric Power Research Institute and the US Department of Defense.
Phase Diagrams and Segregation

Phase diagrams (or constitution diagrams) are graphical representations of the equilibrium relationships between phases of elements, compounds, solutions and their mixtures. Segregation pertains to the fact that most materials systems (of technological interest) undergo compositional changes on phase change. The equilibrium segregation behavior of many systems can, in principle, be deduced from their phase diagrams. Hence, the interpretation of phase diagrams is at the heart of designing materials preparation processes.
Use of Capillary Electrophoresis to Determine the Dilute Protein Concentration in Formulations Containing Interfering Excipients

Excipients like human serum albumin (HSA) or surfactants are often added to prevent non-specific adsorption of proteins to surfaces. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been routinely used to quantify proteins when such excipients interfere with conventional biochemical assays, e. g., UV and HPLC, and make the accurate determination of low protein concentrations and purity difficult. Although the ELISA is a very sensitive assay, the results have large experimental errors contributed by the complicating nature of the assay. In addition, ELISA does not provide information about the qualitative degradation profile of protein, e. g., aggregation, cleavage, and deamidation. As an alternative to the ELISA a novel capillary electrophoresis (CE) method has been developed to determine both the purity and quantity of Infergen® (Interferon alfacon-1) formulated with interfering excipients like HSA. Results obtained from the CE method were consistent with the results from ELISA but the CE assay provided more reproducible and precise results. The optimized CE method was successfully applied to the formulation development by determining the recovery of diluted Infergen® in various formulations.
Microglial Cells and Inflammatory Cytokines in the Aged Brain

Brain microglial cells are ordinarily quiescent, but when stimulated can transition to a "primed" or activated state. Both primed and activated microglia express markers that suggest activation, but only activated microglia produce appreciable levels of inflammatory cytokines. Primed microglia, however, are hyper-responsive to signals from the peripheral immune system and thus can produce an exaggerated cytokine response when provoked. The potential for primed microglia to mount an exaggerated response is important because inflammatory cytokines mediate the sickness behavior syndrome, induce deficits in cognition, and are involved in chronic neurodegenerative diseases. One event that may prime microglial cells for an exaggerated response is aging. Signs of neuroinflammation emerge in healthy aged subjects and new findings suggest that aged individuals suffer an exaggerated neuroinflammatory response during peripheral infection. The exaggerated neuroinflammatory response is accompanied by severe, longer-lasting behavioral deficits and may cause acute cognitive disorders that are often reported in elderly patients with peripheral infections.
Heat stress-reduced kernel weight in rice at anthesis is associated with impaired source-sink relationship and sugars allocation

Abstract Heat stress is one of the most limiting factors in rice plant growth and development. However, the impairment in the whole-plant carbohydrate partitioning at anthesis caused by heat stress is seldom documented. Two rice genotypes with different heat tolerance, namely Nipponbare (NIPP) and its high-temperature susceptible (HTS) mutant were subjected to heat stress of 40 °C for 12 d at anthesis. Heat stress significantly decreased the spikelet fertility and kernel weight, and a larger decline was found in HTS than in NIPP plants compared with their respective controls. However, there was no significant difference in photosynthesis in flag leaf and starch branching enzyme activity in grain between the control and heat-stress groups. Thus, heat stress-induced decline in kernel weight was most likely due to the inhibition of the assimilate distribution rather than the limitation of the source and sink. This assumption was confirmed by the distribution of dry mater weight, nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) and starch in grain, leaf and sheath-stem observed under heat stress. Indeed, the sucrose transporter (SUT) genes, sucrose synthase (SUS) genes and phytohormones in grain and the callose deposition in plasmodesmata of leaf and sheath were involved in the process. However, the patterns of change in phytohormones in leaf and sheath-stem were different from those of carbohydrates, but exogenous sucrose alleviated the heat-stress effect on the spikelet fertility, kernel weight, dry matter weight accumulation and allocation. Thus, sugars rather than phytohormones might act as a signal molecule to mediate the source-sink relationship in rice under heat stress.
Does Sleep Matter? Impact on Development and Functioning in Infants

* Abbreviations: ASQ — : Ages and Stages Questionnaire BISQ — : Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire BSID-II — : Bayley Scales of Infant Development II BSID-III — : Bayley Scales of Infant Development III Pennestri and colleagues’1 article “Uninterrupted Infant Sleep, Development, and Maternal Mood” is a glimpse into the question driving much of sleep research: "does sleep matter?" The knee-jerk answer is "of course it does." Ask any parent of an infant or health care practitioner and the perception is that sleep has to affect development. However, a closer look at the literature provides different answers depending on the study. Pennestri et al1 followed 369 infants at 6 and 12 months, completing the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID-II) at both time points (although it was unclear how many completed the BSID-II at each point). The authors measured the percentage of infants that slept consecutively, as an indication of sleep consolidation, for 6, 8, or 12 hours on the basis of the Self-Administered Questionnaire for the Mother (SQAM). They found no relationship between this measure of sleep and concurrent or predictive mental or motor development as well as no relationship with maternal mood. Looking beyond the study at hand, there have been a few studies in which researchers investigated the relationship between sleep and development in young … Address correspondence to Jodi A. Mindell, PhD, Department of Psychology, Saint Joseph’s University, 5600 City Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19131. E-mail: jmindell{at}sju.edu
Who pays more in the international market? An examination of terms of trade of the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean

Recent developments around the world have necessitated the importance of developing countries to intensify their participation in the global marketplace. We would like to know, however, if the playing field is level for all, especially for developing countries. Are some paying more than their fair share in the international market? To this end, this paper examines the terms of trade of the developing countries of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and analyses these in relation to their tariffs and relative volume of trade in the international market. Results show that among the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. Antigua and Barbuda pays the most, while Venezuela pays the least in the international market. A negative and significant correlation exists between net barter terms of trade and volume of trade as percentage of GDP but not with tariffs. Policy implications of these results for the governments of the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean are discussed, and directions for future research are given.
An exploration of the effects of photograph content, photograph source, and price on consumers' online travel booking intentions.

This research employed two experimental studies to examine the relationship of photograph content with consumers’ online travel booking intentions, the role of photograph source in this relationshi...
2014 Wind Technologies Market Report

According to the 2014 Wind Technologies Market Report, total installed wind power capacity in the United States grew at a rate of eight percent in 2014, bringing the United States total installed capacity to nearly 66 gigawatts (GW), which ranks second in the world and meets 4.9 percent of U.S. end-use electricity demand in an average year. In total, 4,854 MW of new wind energy capacity were installed in the United States in 2014. The 2014 Wind Technologies Market Report also finds that wind energy prices are at an all-time low and are competitive with wholesale power prices and traditional power sources across many areas of the United States. Additionally, a new trend identified by the 2014 Wind Technologies Market Report shows utility-scale turbines with larger rotors designed for lower wind speeds have been increasingly deployed across the country in 2014. The findings also suggest that the success of the U.S. wind industry has had a ripple effect on the American economy, supporting 73,000 jobs related to development, siting, manufacturing, transportation, and other industries.
Abstract 395: Pioglitazone and Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist Mitigate Adverse Postinfarction Left Ventricular Remodeling in Lean Mice When Administered After the Infarct Independent of Changes in Infarct Size

Pioglitazone (PIO) and GLP-1R receptor agonist (GLP1Ra) have been shown to be cardioprotective against ischemic cardiac injury. Much less is known about the effects of these agents on adverse post-...
Constraints on Lorentz invariance and C P T violation using optical photometry and polarimetry of active galaxies BL Lacertae and S5 B 0716 +714

Various quantum gravity approaches that extend beyond the Standard Model predict Lorentz invariance and charge-parity-time violation at energies approaching the Planck scale. These models frequently predict a wavelength-dependent speed of light, which would result in time delays between promptly emitted photons at different energies, as well as a wavelength-dependent rotation of the plane of linear polarization for photons resulting from vacuum birefringence. Here, we describe a pilot program with an automated system of small telescopes that can simultaneously conduct high cadence optical photometry and polarimetry of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in multiple passbands. We use these observations as a proof of principle to demonstrate how such data can be used to test various Lorentz violation models, including special cases of the Standard Model extension (SME). In our initial campaign with this system, the Array Photo Polarimeter, we observed two AGN sources, including BL Lacertae at redshift $z=0.069$, and S5 $\mathrm{B}0716+714$ at $z=0.31$. We demonstrate that optical polarimetry with a broadband Luminance filter combined with simultaneous ${I}_{c}$-band observations yields SME parameter constraints that are up to $\ensuremath{\sim}10$ and $\ensuremath{\sim}30$ times more sensitive than with a standard ${I}_{c}$-band filter, for SME models with mass dimension $d=5$ and $d=6$, respectively. Using only a small system of telescopes with an effective 0.45-m aperture, we further demonstrate $d=5$ constraints for individual lines of sight that are within a factor of $\ensuremath{\sim}1--10$ in sensitivity to comparable constraints from optical polarimetry with a 3.6-m telescope. Such an approach could significantly improve existing SME constraints via a polarimetric all-sky survey of AGN with multiple 1-meter class telescopes.
Convergent synthesis of the C31C46 domain of the phorboxazole natural products

Abstract A convergent synthesis of the C31C46 domain of the phorboxazole natural products has been developed. This involved the preparation of a C39C46 dienyl iodide and a C31C37 aldehyde, followed by their CrCl 2 -mediated coupling and final installation of the C46 ( E )-vinyl bromide via an alkyne hydrostannation-bromination sequence.
Understanding the significance of migrants’ material culture:

Archaeologists are increasingly moving past discussions of whether migration events occurred in the past to more nuanced discussions of the meaning surrounding the migrants’ belongings. Migrants us...
Person-reference in autism spectrum disorder: Developmental trends and the role of linguistic input.

Past research has provided mixed evidence of the nature and difficulty with personal pronouns of children with autism spectrum disorder. No study to date has examined the nature of person-reference in autism, more broadly, by looking at referential language both in terms of who is being referred to (self vs. other) and how (words with shifting reference: personal pronouns, vs. fixed reference: names and nouns). Furthermore, the role of linguistic input specifically in the domain of referential language in autism has not been investigated before. We collected natural language samples from parent-child interactions from children with autism (N = 38; 7 female) at three time points (age 2, 3, and 4 years) and administered a battery of standardized assessments to evaluate their language ability. The samples were transcribed and coded for person-referential language. Children with autism used increasingly more pronouns both when referring to themselves and to their parent, but pronoun reversals were extremely rare. Their person-reference use was associated with language ability only at age 2. Parental input was also characterized by an increase in pronoun use but only when referring to their child. Parents' and children's person-reference were not associated across time, but they were concurrently related at age 3. Autism Res 2020, 13: 959-969. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: In this study, we found that as children with autism grew older, they used more and more personal pronouns to refer both to themselves and their parents. Furthermore, they very rarely reversed their pronouns (used I instead of you) with only 1 child out of 38 making a pronoun error. This lack of pronoun errors suggests that pronoun difficulty in autism might not occur for long periods of time throughout development and might not be as prevalent in autism as previously thought.
Brian O’Nolan in the Archive: Assembling Myles and Flann

What might be considered the largest O’Nolan archive can be found in the Burns Library collection at Boston College. This archive holds papers, letters, and books, but the focus is also on the artefacts of this manifold writer’s life. Boston College has showpieces such as the Underwood typewriter on which Flann O’Brien’s novels and Myles na gCopaleen’s columns were written. There is Myles’s famous wide-brimmed black hat and his coat. There is Brian O’Nolan’s violin and his passport. Marion Quirici has worked extensively in these archives as a former student at Boston College. Quirici argues in her article ‘Brian O’Nolan in the Archive: Assembling Myles and Flann’ that there are archives and unconsulted writings at the University at Buffalo that are waiting to be discovered. She encourages us all to find what might be undiscovered material in our own university libraries and to reclaim this work for the future of O’Nolan studies. To read the article, click Download or View PDF.
A Machine Learning Framework for Multi-Objective Design Space Exploration and Optimization of Manycore Systems

The growing needs of emerging big data applications has posed significant challenges for the design of optimized manycore systems. Network-on-Chip (NoC) enables the integration of a large number of processing elements (PEs) in a single die. To design optimized manycore systems, we need to establish suitable trade-offs among multiple objectives including power, performance, and thermal. Therefore, we consider multi-objective design space exploration problems arising in the design of NoC-enabled manycore systems: placement of PEs and communication links to optimize two or more objectives (e.g., latency, energy, and throughput). Existing algorithms suffer from scalability and accuracy challenges as size of the design space and the number of objectives grow. In this paper, we propose a novel framework referred as Guided Design Space Exploration (Guided-DSE) that performs adaptive design space exploration using a data-driven model to improve the speed and accuracy of multi-objective design optimization process. We provide two concrete instantiations of guided-DSE and present results to show their efficacy for designing 3D heterogeneous manycore systems.
Reconstructing the dynamics of the highly similar May 2016 and June 2019 Iliamna Volcano (Alaska) ice–rock avalanches from seismoacoustic data

Abstract. Surficial mass wasting events are a hazard worldwide. Seismic and acoustic signals from these often remote processes, combined with other geophysical observations, can provide key information for monitoring and rapid response efforts and enhance our understanding of event dynamics. Here, we present seismoacoustic data and analyses for two very large ice–rock avalanches occurring on Iliamna Volcano, Alaska (USA), on 22 May 2016 and 21 June 2019. Iliamna is a glacier-mantled stratovolcano located in the Cook Inlet, ∼200 km from Anchorage, Alaska. The volcano experiences massive, quasi-annual slope failures due to glacial instabilities and hydrothermal alteration of volcanic rocks near its summit. The May 2016 and June 2019 avalanches were particularly large and generated energetic seismic and infrasound signals which were recorded at numerous stations at ranges from ∼9 to over 600 km. Both avalanches initiated in the same location near the head of Iliamna's east-facing Red Glacier, and their ∼8 km long runout shapes are nearly identical. This repeatability – which is rare for large and rapid mass movements – provides an excellent opportunity for comparison and validation of seismoacoustic source characteristics. For both events, we invert long-period (15–80 s) seismic signals to obtain a force-time representation of the source. We model the avalanche as a sliding block which exerts a spatially static point force on the Earth. We use this force-time function to derive constraints on avalanche acceleration, velocity, and directionality, which are compatible with satellite imagery and observed terrain features. Our inversion results suggest that the avalanches reached speeds exceeding 70 m s −1 , consistent with numerical modeling from previous Iliamna studies. We lack sufficient local infrasound data to test an acoustic source model for these processes. However, the acoustic data suggest that infrasound from these avalanches is produced after the mass movement regime transitions from cohesive block-type failure to granular and turbulent flow – little to no infrasound is generated by the initial failure. At Iliamna, synthesis of advanced numerical flow models and more detailed ground observations combined with increased geophysical station coverage could yield significant gains in our understanding of these events.
Status and challenges for the application of platinum group metal-free catalysts in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells

Abstract Platinum group metal-free electrocatalysts are an important class of materials for the sustainable energy economy and significant effort has been made toward developing platinum group metal-free catalysts to replace their costly Pt counterparts in fuel cell electric vehicles. The progress made in activity over the last decade is reviewed, along with synthesis strategies for more controlled active site formation and performance gains achieved through electrode engineering. The increased focus on durability, the growing understanding of degradation mechanisms, and the need for standard performance and accelerated stress test protocols are discussed.
Wavelet Features and Examples

Chapter 1 presented the bare necessities for understanding the basic principles of wavelet analysis, presenting the concepts through the simplest example, the Haar system. With a good understanding of these principles, it is possible to skip forward to later chapters dealing with statistical analysis, but before treating more advanced statistical applications of wavelet analysis, a more thorough and general treatment of wavelets is useful. This chapter will give more insight into some of the advantages inherent in wavelet analysis, describing basic algorithms, and time-frequency localization concepts. It finishes up with a more complete development of the wavelet examples mentioned in Section 1.3.
18F-FDG PET/CT of hepatocellular adenoma subtypes and review of literature

This study evaluates 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging characteristics of pathologically proven hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) subtypes. This is a retrospective review of an institutional database (2011–2017) for subjects with a pathologic diagnosis of hepatic adenomas established within 6 months of a pre-treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT exam. An expert pathological review by a hepatopathologist was performed to confirm diagnosis and subtype HCA. A review of the 18F-FDG PET/CT exams was performed by two board-certified nuclear radiologists in consensus. Corresponding demographic and clinical data were obtained by electronic chart review. Nine subjects were identified. An HCA subtype was established in seven subjects (4 HNF1A-mutated and 3 Inflammatory). The mean HCA lesion size was 2.8 cm (range 0.6–6.2, SD 2.0) with a mean SUVmax of 5.9 (range 2.1–18.9, SD 5.1). The SUV values of HNF1A-mutated HCA were significantly higher than inflammatory HCA: lesion SUVmax (5.3 ± 1.48 vs. 2.8 ± 0.59, p < 0.033), lesion-to-liver SUVmax ratio (1.4 ± 0.22 vs. 0.8 ± 0.21, p = 0.031), lesion SUVmean (3.6 ± 0.37 vs. 2.0 ± 0.46, p = 0.0086). HNF1A-mutated HCA may have greater SUV values than inflammatory HCA on 18F-FDG PET/CT exams. However, there are contradictory data in the literature and further investigation is warranted.
Sleep lab emergencies: better to be prepared than be scared.

Citation:Collop NA. Sleep lab emergencies: better to be prepared than be scared. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021;17(7):1335–1336.
A Case of Reversible Bilateral Hippocampal Injury Secondary to Benzodiazepine Abuse (P3.1-017)

Objective: We present a patient with acute onset amnesia secondary to illicit substance use, found to have reversible hippocampal abnormalities on MRI. Background: Acute amnesia in young patients is rare and often nonphysiologic. However, there have been case series of patients with amnesia and supporting MRI findings of hippocampal injury. One such series attributed the findings to illicit substance abuse, and patient outcomes varied. Design/Methods: NA Results: A 21 year-old male with history of bipolar depression and substance abuse presented with sudden onset of amnesia, mixed retrograde and anterograde. Computerized Tomography (CT) of head and blood work were unrevealing. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated symmetric non-enhancing T2/FLAIR signal abnormality and restricted diffusion limited to the bilateral hippocampi. Family denied any seizure activity, and electroencephalography was normal. Cerebrospinal fluid studies were unremarkable. Urine drug screen was positive for cannabinoids and benzodiazepines. The patient admitted to a history of benzodiazepine abuse, and after brief remission, used unprescribed benzodiazepines the night prior to admission. The patient was discharged with outpatient cognitive therapy. At four week follow up, memory formation fully returned and MRI findings had normalized. Conclusions: In young patients with acute onset amnesia, brain MRI and toxicology screening should be pursued. There are several published cases of bilateral hippocampal injury following substance abuse, with varied degrees of recovery. Treatment is supportive, and involves ruling out other potential causes (infectious, electrographic, anoxic). Etiology is unknown and prognosis varies. Disclosure: Dr. Chu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sivakumar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Melinosky has nothing to disclose.
The dark side of homology-directed repair

DNA double strand breaks (DSB) are cytotoxic lesions that can lead to genome rearrangements and genomic instability, which are hallmarks of cancer. The two main DSB repair pathways are non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination (HR). While HR is generally highly accurate, it has the potential for rearrangements that occur directly or through intermediates generated during the repair process. Whole genome sequencing of cancers has revealed numerous types of structural rearrangement signatures that are often indicative of repair mediated by sequence homology. However, it can be challenging to delineate repair mechanisms from sequence analysis of rearrangement end products from cancer genomes, or even model systems, because the same rearrangements can be generated by different pathways. Here, we review homology-directed repair pathways and their consequences. Exploring those pathways can lead to a greater understanding of rearrangements that occur in cancer cells.