cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SCOPe: Structural Classification of Proteins—extended, integrating SCOP and ASTRAL data and classification of new structures

Structural Classification of Proteins—extended (SCOPe, http://scop.berkeley.edu) is a database of protein structural relationships that extends the SCOP database. SCOP is a manually curated ordering of domains from the majority of proteins of known structure in a hierarchy according to structural and evolutionary relationships. Development of the SCOP 1.x series concluded with SCOP 1.75. The ASTRAL compendium provides several databases and tools to aid in the analysis of the protein structures classified in SCOP, particularly through the use of their sequences. SCOPe extends version 1.75 of the SCOP database, using automated curation methods to classify many structures released since SCOP 1.75. We have rigorously benchmarked our automated methods to ensure that they are as accurate as manual curation, though there are many proteins to which our methods cannot be applied. SCOPe is also partially manually curated to correct some errors in SCOP. SCOPe aims to be backward compatible with SCOP, providing the same parseable files and a history of changes between all stable SCOP and SCOPe releases. SCOPe also incorporates and updates the ASTRAL database. The latest release of SCOPe, 2.03, contains 59 514 Protein Data Bank (PDB) entries, increasing the number of structures classified in SCOP by 55% and including more than 65% of the protein structures in the PDB.
Comparison of Coronary Flow Reserve and Fractional Flow Reserve in Patients With Versus Without Diabetes Mellitus and Having Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Abciximab Therapy (from the PREDICT Trial)

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have poor long-term outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) partly because of microvascular disease and distal embolization. Microvascular obstruction can be assessed by measuring coronary flow reserve (CFR). The Prediction of CK-MB RElease During Successful Stenting Correlating with Indicators of Microvascular ObstruCTion (PREDICT) trial compared the CFR in patients with versus without DM during PCI. Patients undergoing elective PCI were prospectively enrolled according to diabetic (n = 36) and nondiabetic (n = 36) status. All patients received drug-eluting stent with abciximab and were followed for 30-day major adverse cardiac events. CFR and FFR (fractional flow reserve) before and after stenting were measured before and after intracoronary adenosine bolus. Procedural success, MB enzyme of creatine-kinase (CK-MB), troponin I, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein elevation, vascular complications, and major adverse cardiac events were not different. FFR before stenting was 0.77 ± 0.03 in patients with DM versus 0.76 ± 0.02 in patients without DM (p = 0.69). FFR after stenting was 0.97 ± 0.03 and 0.99 ± 0.01 (p = 0.26), respectively. CFR before stenting was 1.36 ± 0.31 in patients with DM versus 1.49 ± 0.25 in patients without DM (p = 0.064). However, CFR after stenting was significantly lower in patients with versus without DM (1.89 ± 0.30 versus 2.44 ± 0.67, p
Verification of Cloud Forecasts over the Eastern Pacific Using Passive Satellite Retrievals

Abstract Operational cloud forecasts generated by the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS)1 were verified over the eastern Pacific Ocean. The study focused on the accuracy of cloud forecasts associated with extratropical cyclone and convective activity during the late winter and spring of 2007. The condensed total water (liquid and solid) path was used as a proxy for cloud cover to compare the forecasts with retrievals from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES). Analyses of the GOES retrievals indicate that deep cloud systems were generally well represented during daylight hours. Thus, the bulk of the verification focused on the general aspects of quality and timing of these deep systems. Multiple statistics were collected, ranging from simple correlations and histograms to more sophisticated fuzzy and composite statistics. The results show that synoptic-scale systems were generally well predicted to at least two days, with the primary error being an overes...
Self-starting Kerr-mode-locked polycrystalline Cr 2+ :ZnSe laser

We demonstrate a middle-infrared self-starting Kerr-mode-locked Cr:ZnSe laser operating at 103 MHz repetition-rate with estimated lower limit of the pulse width of 300 fs and output power of 50 mW at 2.4 mum wavelength.
Determination of space use by laying hens using kinematic analysis

Abstract Two states in the United States now have legislation requiring that laying hens be provided with sufficient space to perform particular behaviors. To provide a framework for translating these performance standards into a space requirement, kinematic analysis was used to measure the amount of space needed for White Leghorn hens to stand, turn around 180°, lie down, and wing flap. Hyline W-36 hens (n = 9) were marked on the tops of their heads and the tips of both wings and 3 toes with black livestock marker. Each hen was then placed in a floor pen (91.4 × 91.4 cm) and filmed using 2 high-speed cameras. The resulting images were processed using a software program that generated 3-dimensional space use for each behavior. Because none of the hens lay down in the test pen, the 2-dimensional space required for lying was determined by superimposing a grid over videos of the hens lying down in their home cages. On average, hens required a mean area of 563 (± 8) cm2 to stand, 1,316 (± 23) cm2 to turn around, 318 (± 6) cm2 to lie down, and 1,693 (± 136) cm2 to wing flap. The mean heights used were 34.8 (± 1.3) cm for standing, 38.6 (± 2.3) cm for turning, and 49.5 (± 1.8) cm for wing flapping. However, space requirements for hens housed in multiple-hen groups in cage or noncage systems cannot be based simply on information about the space required for local movement by a single hen. It must also incorporate consideration of the tendency of hens in a flock to synchronize their behaviors. In addition, it must include not just local movement space but also the space that hens may need to use for longer-distance movements to access resources such as food, water, perches, and nest boxes.
Surgical Technique to Overcome Anatomical Shortcoming: Balancing Post-Prostatectomy Continence Outcomes of Urethral Sphincter Lengths on Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Purpose: Shorter urethral sphincter length on preoperative endorectal magnetic resonance imaging has been associated with an increased risk of postoperative urinary incontinence as well as longer time to achieve continence. We determined that our techniques of anatomical reconstruction for restoring the continence mechanism could markedly improve continence outcomes, especially in patients with a shorter urethral sphincter.Materials and Methods: Our cohort consisted of 274 patients who underwent robotic radical prostatectomy, as performed by a single surgeon, and for whom preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and postoperative evaluations were available. All sphincter lengths were measured on T2-weighted images as the distance from the prostatic apex to the penile bulb, cross-referencing all 3 planes. Continence was defined as zero pads or a liner used for security reasons only.Results: The 2 surgical modifications considerably hastened the return of continence at 6 months. The continence rate in the sh...
Gangs, Globalization, and Critical Security Studies: Teaching Counternarratives to Public Audiences

Working on gang issues as a whole demands that I, as a scholar, engage different scales that collapse individual and community, local and global, and that make action and study into indistinguishable partners. It is not just that we need to facilitate one woman’s path toward finding an academic who will help her husband and their family; we need to work on the bigger thing and ask the Department of State to hold itself to at least the same (flawed) standards as domestic law enforcement regarding the use of tattoos to determine gang affiliation. I do not know if this particular push will be successful, because of the heightened security that I discuss below. But being involved in the struggle is itself transformative, because it creates new narrative threads and strengthens possibilities and openings that can lead to change. Sanyika Shakur, also known as Monster Kody, is a former gang member who wrote, “I am a gang expert—period. There are no other gang experts except participants.” His assertion raises a bigger question about study and embodied identity. Whether or not expertise exists in the manner that Shakur is talking about, the need for “expertise” as a putative legal category is evident in the many intersections of gang membership and the law, which are increasingly playing out on transnational stages like the one between the United States and Mexico. The question then becomes how an academic can use purported “expertise” without strengthening the oppressive systems that created those categories in the first place.
Effects of Personnel Policy on the Public Administration Paradigm Shift: From Merit to Neo-managerial

The literature in the field of public administration details the factors that have given rise to a new method by which government agencies provide public services. These factors range from a shift in the curriculum of Public Administration graduate programs to the emerging emphasis on global citizenship. This study presents a balanced overview of how these factors have contributed to this paradigm shift, which is a continuous and ongoing transformation. They include an emulation of the private-sector business model, a redirected educational focus of public administration programs, human resource policy changes, reactions to the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, decentralization, and the contracting of public services to private providers.
Glucosylceramide synthase activity in murine epidermis: quantitation, localization, regulation, and requirement for barrier homeostasis

Ceramides, which derive from the hydrolysis of glucosylceramide (GlcCer), are the predominant lipid species in the stratum corneum and are critical for epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis. UDP-glucose:ceramide glucosyltransferase (GlcCer synthase) (EC 2.4.1.80) catalyzes the glucosylation of ceramide to form GlcCer. Recently, we demonstrated a progressive increase in GlcCer synthase expression during fetal barrier development, while others have reported increased GlcCer synthase activity with differentiation of cultured human keratinocytes. To further delineate the role of GlcCer synthase in barrier homeostasis, we determined GlcCer synthase activity and localization in hairless mouse epidermis, both under basal conditions and after acute barrier perturbation. Under basal conditions, GlcCer synthase activity localizes predominantly (approximately 80%) to the dithiothreitol-separated outer epidermis; i.e., 6.2+/-0.6 versus 1.2+/-0.1 pmol/min/mg for outer vs. lower epidermis, respectively (P < 0.0001). Although acute barrier disruption does not up-regulate epidermal GlcCer synthase activity at any time point up to 24 h, GlcCer synthase is required for barrier homeostasis: topical d,1-threo-1-phenyl-2-hexadecanoylamino-3-pyrrolidino-1-propanol (P4), a specific GlcCer synthase inhibitor, applied immediately after acute barrier disruption, causes a delay in barrier recovery attributable to specific enzyme inhibition. These findings demonstrate first, that GlcCer synthase activity predominates in the outer epidermis, consistent with an increased formation of GlcCer during barrier ontogenesis and maintenance. Second, GlcCer synthase activity is required for normal permeability barrier homeostasis. Third, baseline epidermal GlcCer synthase activity appears to accommodate acute challenges to the barrier.
Optical Metrology of Fish Scales

The study of fish scales presents an interesting problem in optical processing. These scales are composed of a series of annuli differing in number, spacing and contour shape. It turns out that different species of fish as well as their age can show differences in their scale structure. By performing the Fourier transform of the scale, small structural differences in the scale can be better analyzed in the transform plane due to the properties of the Fourier transform. We have obtained preliminary results on some scales and compared their optical Fourier transforms in order to see if, indeed, their structural differences can be observed and analyzed in this transform plane.
Statistical Reporting in the States of the Former USSR

A senior, recently retired, CIA analyst examines a range of issues relating to the availability and quality of economic statistics on the successor states of the former USSR. Among the developments covered are the legacy (in personnel and procedures) of the former USSR Goskomstat in the republican statistical committees; the availability of statistical series for the former Soviet republics for 1992, 1991, and the pre-1991 period; inconsistencies and sources of bias in statistical reporting that warrant heightened awareness on the part of geographers and other social scientists; and proposed methodological reforms in statistical reporting. 8 tables, 42 references.
Comparative trial of ketoconazole and nystatin for prevention of fungal infection in neutropenic patients treated in a protective environment

In a randomized trial we compared ketoconazole (400 mg once daily, 27 patients) and nystatin (3 X 10(6) units four times daily, 29 patients) for prevention of fungal infection in neutropenic patients undergoing marrow transplantation in a protective environment. Fewer weekly surveillance cultures contained Candida species in ketoconazole recipients than in nystatin recipients (70 [26%] of 274 vs. 151 [47%] of 322; P less than .001). When all fungi were considered, the difference in colonization was less but was still significant (117 [43%] of 274 vs. 173 [54%] of 322; P = .01), primarily due to increased colonization of the rectum with Torulopsis glabrata among ketoconazole recipients (P less than .001). No difference in the incidence of local mucosal infection was seen. Two disseminated fungal infections occurred, both in nystatin recipients. Compliance with ketoconazole was significantly better than was compliance with nystatin (96% vs. 68%; P less than .001), but similar effects on colonization were found in an analysis adjusting for compliance. Ketoconazole was better tolerated and more effective than nystatin in reducing colonization due to Candida species but was also associated with significantly increased rates of colonization with T. glabrata.
Intermittent Catheterization in the Management of Neurogenic Vesical Dysfunction in Children

Our over-all results with intermittent clean catheterization in attaining continence and limiting the occurrence of significant infection while preserving renal function in children with neurologic bladder dysfunction have been gratifying and compare favorably to other series. The program has not only resulted in satisfactory continence in the majority but also it has been associated with marked improvements in personality, sociability and self-image in several of our older patients who are free from the odor, shame and discomfort of the incontinence for the first time in their lives. From our results and those of others it appears that intermittent clean catheterization is a safe, reversible and effective means of management of children with neurogenic bladders.
Reaction overstepping and re-evaluation of peak P‒T conditions of the blueschist unit Sifnos, Greece: implications for the Cyclades subduction zone

ABSTRACTEquilibrium thermodynamic modelling, quartz in garnet (QuiG) Raman geobarometry, and modelling of garnet nucleation at overstepped conditions were applied to three garnet-bearing blueschists from a 1.5 km-long transect across the eclogite-blueschist unit in Sifnos, Greece, in order to evaluate the accuracy of P‒T conditions calculated via equilibrium thermodynamics. QuiG barometry uses the Raman shift of quartz inclusions in garnet to estimate the pressure of garnet nucleation and is independent of chemical equilibrium. Garnet nucleation temperatures were estimated by determining the stability field of the palaeo-assemblage inferred from garnet inclusion suites on mineral assemblage diagrams calculated in the MnNCKFMASH system and on temperatures obtained from Zr in rutile thermometry. These conditions were then compared to P‒T conditions calculated at the equilibrium garnet isograd, and the method of intersecting isopleths. The P‒T conditions calculated with intersecting garnet isopleths over- an...
Operative volume and outcomes of cerebrovascular neurosurgery in children

OBJECTIVE The impact of procedural volume on the outcomes of cerebrovascular surgery in children has not been determined. In this study, the authors investigated the association of operative volume on the outcomes of cerebrovascular neurosurgery in pediatric patients. METHODS The authors performed a cohort study of all pediatric patients who underwent a cerebrovascular procedure between 2003 and 2012 and were registered in the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID). To control for confounding, the authors used multivariable regression models, propensity-score conditioning, and mixed-effects analysis to account for clustering at the hospital level. RESULTS During the study period, 1875 pediatric patients in the KID underwent cerebrovascular neurosurgery and met the inclusion criteria for the study; 204 patients (10.9%) underwent aneurysm clipping, 446 (23.8%) underwent coil insertion for an aneurysm, 827 (44.1%) underwent craniotomy for arteriovenous malformation resection, and 398 (21.2%) underwent bypass surgery for moyamoya disease. Mixed-effects multivariable regression analysis revealed that higher procedural volume was associated with fewer inpatient deaths (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.40-0.85), a lower rate of discharges to a facility (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.82-0.92), and shorter length of stay (adjusted difference -0.22; 95% CI -0.32 to -0.12). The results in propensity-adjusted multivariable models were robust. CONCLUSIONS In a national all-payer cohort of pediatric patients who underwent a cerebrovascular procedure, the authors found that higher procedural volume was associated with fewer deaths, a lower rate of discharges to a facility, and decreased lengths of stay. Regionalization initiatives should include directing children with such rare pathologies to a center of excellence.
Two Northeast Pacific deep-water barnacle populations (Cirripedia: Calanticidae and Pachylasmatidae) from seamounts of the Juan de Fuca Ridge; "insular" endemics stemming from Tethys, or by subsequent dispersal from the Western Pacific center of distribution?

The first adults of the calanticid, Calantica moskalevi Zevina and Galkin, 1989, and specimens of a new pachylasmatine balanomorph genus and species, have been recovered by MBARI’s ROV Tiburon, from Juan de Fuca Ridge seamounts at ~46o N – 130o W in the NE Pacific off Oregon, ~1450 m and 2080 m depths, respectively. These two apparently allopathic populations evidently represent remnants of stocks most commonly confined to relatively deep waters around islands and occasionally continental margins of the Indo-West Pacific. These Juan de Fuca representatives can be inferred to be relicts of once broad Paleogene Tethyan populations rather than relatively recent immigrants by way of the NW Pacific. Apparently, the refugium afforded by seamount “islands” at bathyal and abyssal depths accounts for their survival in this relatively remote corner of Pacific Oceania.
Review of Zernike polynomials and their use in describing the impact of misalignment in optical systems

The Zernike polynomials provide a generalized framework for analyzing the aberrations of non-rotationally symmetric optical systems with circular pupils. Even when systems are designed to be rotationally symmetric, fabrication and alignment errors will lead to non-rotationally symmetric aberrations. The properties of the Zernike polynomials are reviewed to illustrate their properties. Different indexing, normalization and ordering schemes are found in the literature and commercial software. He the schemes are compared to demonstrate some of the potential pitfalls of comparing Zernike polynomial results from different sources.
From Janet T. Spence’s Manifest Anxiety Scale to the Present Day: Exploring Math Anxiety and its Relation to Math Achievement

Janet Taylor Spence conducted a great deal of foundational work establishing the negative relation between anxiety and performance. Spence operationalized trait anxiety by creating the Manifest Anxiety Scale, and she conducted numerous studies linking scores on this scale to performance across a variety of cognitive tasks. The field of math anxiety research has built from her work to examine the ways in which negative emotions regarding math can hinder math performance. We discuss the antecedents and development of math anxiety, as well as the ways in which other individual differences, such as working memory, affect the relation between anxiety and performance. Although a rich literature has sprung from Spence’s early work, there is much left to do in terms of fully understanding how specific types of anxiety interact with each other, as well as with other individual differences, to determine performance outcomes.
Interleukin 2 Secretion by T Cells for Detection of Biologically Active Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Type E

Staphylococcus aureus is a significant worldwide source of clinical infections and foodborne illnesses; it acts through the synthesis of a group of enterotoxins (SEs) that cause gastroenteritis and also function as superantigens that activate T cells, resulting in massive cytokine production, yielding life-threatening toxicity. It is important that methods for detection and quantification of these toxins respond to their activity and not just the presence of the toxin molecule, which may be deactivated. Traditionally, live animals have been used to test for emesis following administration of the toxin-containing sample. Here, we present results studying cell-based alternatives for the assay of active staphylococcal enterotoxin type E (SEE), a toxin subtype identified in foodborne outbreaks in the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. We found that interleukin 2 production by T cells can be used as a specific biological marker for the quantitative detection of SEE as compared with subtypes SEA and SEB. Our assay shows a dose-response relationship between IL-2 secretion by Jurkat T-cell line and SEE concentration as low as 1 pg/mL.
Imaging Scrotal Lumps in Children

The discovery of a scrotal mass in a child causes great concern. While the causes of most masses are benign, the history and physical examination may not always be able to discern the etiology. Ultrasound is the most useful imaging tool to define whether or not a mass is present, and most importantly whether it is intratesticular or extrastesticular. Neoplasms are less common in the pediatric population, and are often of different histologies than in adults. Although ultrasound cannot often diagnose specific tumor types, there are a few benign lesions with sufficiently characteristic ultrasound appearances that can allow consideration for testis sparing surgery, something rarely possible in adults. Understanding the congenital and acquired masses presenting as scrotal lumps in children will improve the imager’s ability to assist our clinical colleagues with patient management.
Heme biosynthesis and the porphyrias

Porphyrias, is a general term for a group of metabolic diseases that are genetic in nature. In each specific porphyria the activity of specific enzymes in the heme biosynthetic pathway is defective and leads to accumulation of pathway intermediates. Phenotypically, each disease leads to either neurologic and/or photocutaneous symptoms based on the metabolic intermediate that accumulates. In each porphyria the distinct patterns of these substances in plasma, erythrocytes, urine and feces are the basis for diagnostically defining the metabolic defect underlying the clinical observations. Porphyrias may also be classified as either erythropoietic or hepatic, depending on the principal site of accumulation of pathway intermediates. The erythropoietic porphyrias are congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP), and erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). The acute hepatic porphyrias include ALA dehydratase deficiency porphyria, acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), hereditary coproporphyria (HCP) and variegate porphyria (VP). Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is the only porphyria that has both genetic and/or environmental factors that lead to reduced activity of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase in the liver. Each of the 8 enzymes in the heme biosynthetic pathway have been associated with a specific porphyria (Table 1). Mutations affecting the erythroid form of ALA synthase (ALAS2) are most commonly associated with X-linked sideroblastic anemia, however, gain-of-function mutations of ALAS2 have also been associated with a variant form of EPP. This overview does not describe the full clinical spectrum of the porphyrias, but is meant to be an overview of the biochemical steps that are required to make heme in both erythroid and non-erythroid cells.
On through-thickness distribution of stress intensity factors and energy release rates in the vicinity of crack fronts

Abstract First, an eigenfunction expansion method is presented to obtain three-dimensional asymptotic stress fields in the vicinity of the front of a semi-infinite crack, subjected to the far-field extension/bending, in-plane shear/twisting and antiplane shear loadings, distributed through the plate thickness. A complex variable approach in conjunction with this eigenfunction expansion technique is employed here to derive the heretofore-unavailable through-thickness distribution of stress intensity factors and energy release rates for a center-crack weakening an infinite plate. Interesting numerical results for three-dimensional stress intensity factors and energy release rates for five different far-field loading scenarios are also presented.
Performance and microbial diversity of bioreactors using polycaprolactone and polyhydroxyalkanoate as carbon source and biofilm carrier in a closed recirculating aquaculture system

Nitrogen removal is essential for a successful management approach in a marine recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) through microbial remediation. In this study, two biodegradable polymers, polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), were used as a carbon source and biofilm carrier for marine RAS wastewater treatment. Results showed that the use of an artificial saltwater nitrate (ASN) medium with seeded polymers had a high nitrogen removal efficiency regardless of flow rate, with a nitrate–nitrite removal efficiency of 95.4–98.9%. The TN removal efficiency was greater with PHA (95.1–95.3%) than PCL (86.1–90.1%). TP removal efficiency was greater with the use of PCL (64.1–67.3%) than PHA (48.2–52.5%). The use of marine aquaculture effluent showed an increased TN nutrient removal efficiency with PCL having a removal efficiency of 89%, with an increased TP removal efficiency using PHA (40.4%). Microbial community analysis demonstrated the complexity of microbial consortia within marine RAS. Two major classes identified in our study were Alphaproteobacteria (2–68%) and Flavobacteriia (0.5–58%). We identified Crocinitomix, Oceanicola, Meridianimaribacter, and Ruegeria as potential PCL degraders, while Winogradskyella, Muricauda, Marinobacter, and Alteromonas were identified as potential PHA degraders. The microbial communities responded to varying water chemistry differences and developed unique consortia based on biodegradable polymer types. Biodegradable plastics can be utilized in marine RAS to treat wastewater through microbial processes.
Photoreduction of CCl 3 F in aqueous solutions containing sulfonated poly(ether etherketone) and formate buffers

Irradiation of aqueous solutions containing the sodium salt of sulfonated poly(ether etherketone) and HCO2H/HCO2− buffers with 350 nm photons induced photoreduction of CCl3F to CHCl2F and Cl−. In situ determinations of chloride ion concentrations enabled evaluation of the quantum yield, ϕ(Cl−), which amounted to 0.46 in air-free, neutral solutions. A delayed formation of F− was noticed with a quantum yield of 0.18 probably due to a secondary transformation. High concentrations of the halide ions inhibited somewhat the photoreduction, whereas phase-separated CFC droplets increased the reaction rate. Despite the high quantum efficiencies obtained, no post-irradiation formation of Cl− occurred. This observation together with other findings indicated that a chain process was not involved in the transformation. Most of the kinetic features of the photoreaction are explained in terms of a mechanism involving radicals of the reactants and of the polymer. Efficient photoreductions of CCl3F also took place in sulfonated poly(ether etherketone) solutions containing air.
Block Adjustment of Geographical Reference System for Statistical Data Files

An analytical method of planimetric block adjustment of independent models was applied to help the establishment of a geographically referenced system of statistical data files at Statistics Canada...
Urban Trees Are Sinks for Soot: Elemental Carbon Accumulation by Two Widespread Oak Species.

Urban trees could represent important short- and long-term landscape sinks for elemental carbon (EC). Therefore, we quantified foliar EC accumulation by two widespread oak tree species—Quercus stel...
Human Milk and Breastfeeding Outcomes in Infants With Myelomeningocele.

Background:In 2015, the study setting instituted an enteral feeding pathway, “PO Ad Lib Feeding to Support Breastfeeding.” Many infants admitted to the study setting's newborn/infant intensive care unit with a primary diagnosis of myelomeningocele fall within the setting's enteral feeding pathway's
Next-Generation HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Preferences Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Taking Daily Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis.

Abstract Next-generation forms of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) currently in development, including long-acting injectables (LAIs), rectal microbicides (RMs), antibody infusions (AIs), and su...
Food Rescue Intervention Evaluations: A Systematic Review

Food rescue, the practice of gathering food that could otherwise be wasted and redirecting it for human consumption, represents a critical opportunity to improve food security and reduce waste. As global interest in reducing hunger and food waste grows, better insight is needed to assess and compare the effectiveness of different models of food rescue. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed studies evaluating food rescue interventions with the aim of synthesizing findings and comparing methodologies. We searched PubMed, Academic Search Ultimate, and Science Citation Index for studies published worldwide, in English, through June 2019. Studies were included that: a) evaluated an existing or proposed food rescue intervention and, b) quantitatively or qualitatively measured the intervention impact. All nineteen included studies were observational and the intervention types ranged widely. The most commonly reported metric was the weight of food recovered. Few studies reported client outcome measures. The included studies suggested promising effects of food rescue interventions, including positive return on investment, decreased environmental burden, large quantities of food rescued and clients served, and high stakeholder satisfaction. Comparison across studies was challenging, however, due to inconsistent metrics and insufficiently detailed methodology. This review documents a need for additional evaluation of food rescue interventions and recommends a standardized methodology. Additional dialogue among key stakeholders is warranted to develop consistent, meaningful metrics to assess food rescue.
Disaster mental health services: a personal perspective.

1. Services that may be provided by psychiatric-mental health nurses following a disaster include education, intervention, problem solving, advocacy, and referral. 2. Nurses providing disaster mental health services must be flexible and creative. Strong observational skills and teamwork are also essential characteristics in disaster settings. 3. Psychiatric-mental health nurses who wish to receive training for disaster mental health volunteer opportunities should contact their local chapter of the American Red Cross. Language: en
Social identity, group speech, and negotiated meaning

Abstract Certain approaches to the meaning of utterances primarily characterize speakers' communicative intentions as the only source of meaning of a speaker's utterance. I show that a strict version of this position is difficult to maintain because the meaning of an utterance is partially due to the intentional attitudes of the audience to an utterance, including their reaction to the social identity of a speaker. This can result in a negotiation over meaning that can take place if the speaker and audience do not agree on the significance of the utterance. The view is motivated if one takes an ameliorative approach to meaning which acknowledges that theories of meaning are constrained by normative concerns related to meaning and communication.
Online Worlds and Cross-Media Engagement

While MMORPGs were instrumental in connecting gamers and building gaming communities around stories, the Internet was evolving into a social environment that stimulated exchanges of information and conversations between users of every age and interest. The online virtual world that Disney’s Virtual Reality Studio had created in Toontown Online was part role-playing game and part social interaction. In keeping with the company’s history of taking a comprehensive approach to engaging audience in any new medium, whether film, book, radio, television, or theme park, The Walt Disney Company was creating a network of virtual story worlds on the internet that would attract and engage audiences in social interaction as well as in game-like activities. In particular, it would continue to grow the children’s web playground it had started with Disney’s Daily Blast.
Generating Infinite Families of Monogenic Polynomials Using a New Discriminant Formula

Recently, Otake and Shaska have given a formula for the discriminant of quadrinomials of the form $f(x) = x^n + t(x^2 + ax + b)$. In their concluding remarks, they ask if a formula can be found for the discriminant of $f(x) = x^n + tg(x)$ when $n > \deg(g) = 3$. Assuming that $f(x) = x^n + tg(x)$ is irreducible, and under certain restrictions on a polynomial related to $g(x)$, in this article we give a formula for the discriminant of $f(x)$, regardless of $\deg(g) \ge 1$. We then use our discriminant formula to generate some new infinite families of monogenic polynomials $f(x) = x^n + tg(x)$ with $n > \deg(g)$, when $g(x)$ is monic and $\deg(g)\in 2 \{2, 3, 4\}$.
Increasing Synchronous Fire Danger in Forests of the Western United States

Author(s): Abatzoglou, John T; Juang, Caroline S; Williams, A Park; Kolden, Crystal A; Westerling, Anthony LeRoy
Transporters and tubule crystals in the insect Malpighian tubule

The insect renal (Malpighian) tubules are functionally homologous to the mammalian kidney. Accumulating evidence indicates that renal tubule crystals form in a manner similar to mammalian kidney stones. In Drosophila melanogaster, crystals can be induced by diet, toxic substances, or genetic mutations that reflect circumstances influencing or eliciting kidney stones in mammals. Incredibly, many mammalian proteins have distinct homologs in Drosophila, and the function of most homologs have been demonstrated to recapitulate their mammalian and human counterparts. Here, we discuss the present literature establishing Drosophila as a nephrolithiasis model. This insect model may be used to investigate and understand the etiology of kidney stone diseases, especially with regard to calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate and xanthine or urate crystallization.
The biobehavioral impacts of sexual violence: Findings from an acute repeat survivor of vaginal rape.

Background:Individuals who have experienced repeat sexual violence victimization face adverse mental and physical health outcomes, including immune and stress response functioning. We aim to furthe...
Black Psychology and Whiteness: Toward a Conceptual Model of Black Trauma through the Prism of Whiteness:

The main objective of this article is to introduce and examine whiteness as a source of trauma for Black people. We explore Black psychology scholarship to conceptually ground whiteness as the impe...
Diverse functions associate with trans-species polymorphisms in humans

Long-term balancing selection (LTBS) can maintain allelic variation at a locus over millions of years and through speciation events. Variants shared between species, hereafter "trans-species polymorphisms" (TSPs), often result from LTBS due to host-pathogen interactions. For instance, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus contains TSPs present across primates. Several hundred TSPs have been identified in humans and chimpanzees; however, because many are in non-coding regions of the genome, the functions and adaptive roles for most TSPs remain unknown. We integrated diverse genomic annotations to explore the functions of 125 previously identified non-coding TSPs that are likely under LTBS since the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees. We analyzed genome-wide functional assays, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS). We identify functional annotations for 119 TSP regions, including 71 with evidence of gene regulatory function from GTEx or genome-wide functional genomics data and 21 with evidence of trait association from GWAS and PheWAS. TSPs in humans associate with many immune system phenotypes, including response to pathogens, but we also find associations with a range of other phenotypes, including body mass, alcohol intake, urate levels, chronotype, and risk-taking behavior. The diversity of traits associated with non-coding human TSPs suggest that functions beyond the immune system are often subject to LTBS. Furthermore, several of these trait associations provide support and candidate genetic loci for previous hypothesis about behavioral diversity in great ape populations, such as the importance of variation in sleep cycles and risk sensitivity. Significance statementMost genetic variants present in human populations are young (<100,000 years old); however, a few hundred are millions of years old with origins before the divergence of humans and chimpanzees. These trans-species polymorphisms (TSPs) were likely maintained by balancing selection--evolutionary pressure to maintain genetic diversity at a locus. However, the functions driving this selection, especially for non-coding TSPs, are largely unknown. We integrate genome-wide annotation strategies to demonstrate TSP associations with immune system function, behavior (addition, cognition, risky behavior), uric acid metabolism, and many other phenotypes. These results substantially expand our understanding of functions TSPs and suggest a substantial role for balancing selection beyond the immune system.
Soapboxes and Stealth on Revolution Street

In this article, I examine how the concept of ‘freedom’ is articulated and deployed in narratives of anti-compulsory hijab protests in Iran. I posit that women’s rights movements in Iran become legible and, thereby, visible to US audiences when they conform to narrow frames of feminist activism and orientalist tropes. I begin this paper by analyzing the relationship between the “Girls of Revolution Street” (GRS) protests in Iran and the US-based “My Stealthy Freedom” (MSF) online movement to elucidate a politics of recognition that I argue reinforces orientalist representations of women’s rights in Iran. Through its circulation of GRS protest footage to its one million plus followers, MSF increased the visibility of resistance to mandatory hijab in Iran. Yet, through MSF’s selection of which GRS protests to publicize and commentary on why this movement is important, other critical aspects of the GRS protests were rendered invisible. I posit that the strategic framing of women’s rights through campaigns like MSF does more to attract international support than address the multi-faceted nature of gender injustice in Iran and, paradoxically, rests on Iranian women reproducing themselves as the vulnerable ‘unfree’ other.
Abstract 17505: The Relationship Between Childhood Obesity, Low Socioeconomic Status, and Race/ Ethnicity

Introduction: Previous studies have shown race/ethnicity, particularly African American and/or Hispanic status, to be a predictor of overweight/obese status in children. However, these studies have...
Jim Crow Wisdom: Memory and Identity in Black America since 1940

The title of this book, Jim Crow Wisdom , comes from Richard Wright’s essay, The Ethics of Living Jim Crow: An Autobiographical Sketch (New York: Viking Press, 1937). In that work, Wright recounts ...
Pelvic exenteration in the treatment of advanced malignancy of the vulva.

Abstract Twelve patients with extensive epidermoid carcinoma of the vulva were selected from a group of 72 women with this malignancy for partial or total exenteration. This extended operative procedure was utilized in 10 patients as the primary treatment and in two patients after radical one-stage vulvectomy with bilateral inguinal and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy had failed to control the malignancy. The one-stage extended procedure is described. Fifteen immediate and six late complications occurred. There was one postoperative death and four additional patients died as a result of persistent malignancy. Seven patients were without evidence of tumor seven months to 9.5 years after the primary operation.
Hillary Clinton's Race for the White House: Gender Politics and the Media on the Campaign Trail by Regina G. Lawrence and Melody Rose

Hillary Clinton's Race for the White House: Gender Politics and the Media on the Campaign Trail is expansive in scope and ambitious in nature. Regina G. Lawrence and Melody Rose provide a comprehen...
Evaluating the Use of an Electronic Death Registration System for Mortality Surveillance During and After Hurricane Sandy: New York City, 2012

Objectives. We evaluated the use of New York City’s (NYC’s) electronic death registration system (EDRS) to conduct mortality surveillance during and after Hurricane Sandy.Methods. We used Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for surveillance system evaluation to gather evidence on usefulness, flexibility, stability, timeliness, and quality. We assessed system components, interviewed NYC Health Department staff, and analyzed 2010 to 2012 death records.Results. Despite widespread disruptions, NYC’s EDRS was stable and collected timely mortality data that were adapted to provide storm surveillance with minimal additional resources. Direct-injury fatalities and trends in excess all-cause mortality were rapidly identified, providing useful information for response; however, the time and burden of establishing reports, adapting the system, and identifying indirect deaths limited surveillance.Conclusions. The NYC Health Department successfully adapted its EDRS for near real-time disaster-related...
Good old days

Alternative models of subsidizing scholarly publishing and dissemination have germinated and gathered momentum in the fertile soil of dissatisfaction. Like the stubborn spring dandelion that needs but a small crack in the sidewalk to flower boldly, the first flowers of Open Access in library literature, including Biomedical Digital Libraries, have sensed their opportunity to change the existing paradigm of giving away our scholarship and intellectual property, only to buy it back for the privilege of knowing it can be read. Will biomedical digital library and informatics researchers understand their role in a new era of Open Access simply by desiring an immediate uninhibited global audience and recognizing the necessity of open access peer-reviewed literature to become self-sufficient?
Technical Services Report: Ending the Big Deal: Truth and Consequences. A Report on the ALCTS Continuing Resources Section Program, American Library Association Annual Conference, Anaheim, June 2012

In recent years financial realities and slashed budgets have caused many academic libraries to re-examine their large e-journal packages. However, many librarians struggle with the thought of losin...
An integrationist perspective on colonial linguistics

In this article, I explore the relevance of integrationism as a prism through which one can examine the construction of languages within colonial linguistics (CLs). I examine the complex legacy that CL has left and that is still apparent in language labels, practices, and ideologies. In addressing the construction of languages within CL, I argue that terms such as indigenous languages misrepresent the time-and locale-specific nature of linguistic communication. In a real sense, indigenous languages are a product of prolonged interaction between colonialists and colonized Africans. The emergence of languages as products of colonial encounters radically changes pre-existing language practices and beliefs about the nature of language and communication. However, I also note that some strands of CL are in consonant with integrational positions. Yet the relationship between integrationism and CL is complicated: On the one hand, CL analyzes the making and remaking of languages within specific political and historical politics, unlike integrationism wherein the historical specificity and locale of the contexts where creativity is constructed are insignificant. On the other hand, the centrality of the role of lay person-oriented linguistics in integrationism, as an alternative to professional linguists, can be aligned with colonial and postcolonial linguistics, which seeks to replace colonialism and African elites with more lay-oriented participation in civil society.
The influenza hemagglutinin fusion domain is an amphipathic helical hairpin that functions by inducing membrane curvature.

Abstract The highly conserved N-terminal 23 residues of the hemagglutinin glycoprotein, known as the fusion peptide domain (HAfp23), is vital to the membrane fusion and infection mechanism of the influenza virus. HAfp23 has a helical hairpin structure consisting of two tightly packed amphiphilic helices that rest on the membrane surface. We demonstrate that HAfp23 is a new class of amphipathic helix that functions by leveraging the negative curvature induced by two tightly packed helices on membranes. The helical hairpin structure has an inverted wedge shape characteristic of negative curvature lipids, with a bulky hydrophobic region and a relatively small hydrophilic head region. The F3G mutation reduces this inverted wedge shape by reducing the volume of its hydrophobic base. We show that despite maintaining identical backbone structures and dynamics as the wild type HAfp23, the F3G mutant has an attenuated fusion activity that is correlated to its reduced ability to induce negative membrane curvature. The inverted wedge shape of HAfp23 is likely to play a crucial role in the initial stages of membrane fusion by stabilizing negative curvature in the fusion stalk.
Robustness of uncertain systems in the absence of matching assumptions

Abstract We consider a class of uncertain dynamical systems containing uncertain elements. These may be due to model-parameter uncertainty, input disturbance and measurement noise. We require no a priori information on the uncertain elements except that their restraint sets are assumed to be known and compact. This paper describes a general approach for designing controls to assure practical stability in the absence of matching assumptions (which most previous results have needed). The result is applicable to non-linear systems. A specialization to linear systems is then given and a comparison is made with previous work.