cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional Genomic Strategies for Elucidating Human–Virus Interactions: Will CRISPR Knockout RNAi and Haploid Cells?

Over the last several years a wealth of transformative human-virus interaction discoveries have been produced using loss-of-function functional genomics. These insights have greatly expanded our understanding of how human pathogenic viruses exploit our cells to replicate. Two technologies have been at the forefront of this genetic revolution, RNA interference (RNAi) and random retroviral insertional mutagenesis using haploid cell lines (haploid cell screening), with the former technology largely predominating. Now the cutting edge gene editing of the CRISPR/Cas9 system has also been harnessed for large-scale functional genomics and is poised to possibly displace these earlier methods. Here we compare and contrast these three screening approaches for elucidating host-virus interactions, outline their key strengths and weaknesses including a comparison of an arrayed multiple orthologous RNAi reagent screen to a pooled CRISPR/Cas9 human rhinovirus 14-human cell interaction screen, and recount some notable insights made possible by each. We conclude with a brief perspective on what might lie ahead for the fast evolving field of human-virus functional genomics.
Japanese B Encephalitis Virus Vaccines from Tissue Culture VII. Formalin Inactivated Nakayama Strain Vaccine

SummaryThe Nakayama strain of JBE virus which, was grown in HKC and harvested in medium 199 with 2% H. Al., was inactivated by 1:4000 formalin and tested for potency. The inactivation curves at 30° and 37°C were biphasic with the inflection points occurring late in the reaction at a low survival ratio of 10-5 or less. The second phase of inactivation proceeded at a rate comparable to that of heat of the same degree alone, resulting in a great prolongation of the time required for inactivation. The antigenic potency appeared to decrease with prolongation of the inactivation time and when the triple inactivation period was achieved the potency of most lots was unacceptable. The OCT-attenuated strain of JBE virus prepared previously in the same manner and with comparable infectivity titers prior to inactivation was inactivated in less than half the time required by the Nakayama virus and consistently yielded a more potent vaccine.
Data Sharing and Inductive Learning — Toward Healthy Birth, Growth, and Development

The Healthy Birth, Growth, and Development–Knowledge Integration initiative is creating a knowledge base of maternal and child health data from 420 clinical and population survey studies in 50 countries, aiming for better interventions for at-risk children.
TH-AB-BRB-04: Quality Assurance for Advanced Digital Linac Implementations

Current state-of-the art digital C-arm medical linear accelerators are capable of delivering radiation treatments with high level of automation, which affords coordinated motions of gantry, couch, and multileaf collimator (MLC) with dose rate modulations. The new machine capacity has shown the potential to bring substantially improved radiation dosimetry and/or delivery efficiency to many challenging diseases. Combining an integrated beam orientation optimization algorithm with automated machine navigation, markedly improved dose conformity has been achieved using 4ρ therapy. Trajectory modulated radiation therapy (TMAT) can be used to deliver highly conformal dose to partial breast or to carve complex dose distribution for therapy involving extended volumes such as total marrow and total lymph node treatment. Dynamic electron arc radiotherapy (DEAR) not only overcomes the deficiencies of conventional electron therapy in dose conformity and homogeneity but also achieves so without patient-specific shields. The combination of MLC and couch tracking provides improved motion management of thoracic and abdominal tumors. A substantial body of work has been done in these technological advances for clinical translation. The proposed symposium will provide a timely review of these exciting opportunities. Learning Objectives: 1.Recognize the potential of using digitally controlled linacs for clinically significant improvements in delivered dose distributions for various treatment sites. 2.Identify existing approaches to treatment planning, optimization and delivery for treatment techniques utilizing the advanced functions of digital linacs and venues for further development and improvement. 3.Understand methods for testing and validating delivery system performance. 4.Identify tools available on current delivery systems for implementation and control for such treatments. 5.Obtain the update in clinical applications, trials and regulatory approval. K. Sheng, NIH U19AI067769, NIH R43CA183390, NIH R01CA188300, Varian Medical Systems V. Yu, Varian Medical Systems, AAPM Summer Undergraduate Fellowship, NSF graduate fellowship S. Nill, Elekta AB. Cancer Research UK under Programme C33589/A19727, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at The Royal Marsden and The Institute of Cancer Research.
Cloning and expression of murine interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in macrophages stimulated by colony-stimulating factor 1.

Colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) can act on mature macrophages to modulate their production of inflammatory cytokines. A cDNA encoding the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) was cloned by subtractive hybridization from a CSF-1-stimulated murine macrophage cell line, sequenced, and expressed in mammalian and bacterial cells. Mouse IL-1Ra is a 22-Kd glycoprotein that is 76% identical to its human counterpart, shows considerably less similarity to IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, and competes with IL-1 alpha for binding to the type I IL-1 receptor normally expressed on T cells and fibroblasts. CSF-1 treatment of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages led to a rapid and sustained increase in IL-1Ra mRNA during the G1 phase of the cell cycle as well as to increases in mRNAs encoding IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta. Cycloheximide inhibited CSF-1-induced IL-1 alpha mRNA synthesis, but augmented IL-1 beta mRNA production and did not affect induction of IL- 1Ra mRNA. No IL-1Ra mRNA was observed in CSF-1-stimulated mouse fibroblasts engineered to express CSF-1 receptors, demonstrating that its regulation depends on cell context and can be dissociated from the proliferative response. In agreement, bacterial lipopolysaccharide, a nonmitogenic activator, also induced IL-1Ra and IL-1 mRNAs in macrophages. Unlike IL-1 alpha and beta, IL-1Ra contains a signal peptide. The kinetics of its induction and its ability to gain access to the secretory compartment imply that IL-1Ra may be secreted more efficiently than IL-1, and suggest that macrophages both positively and negatively regulate the IL-1 response.
Raimon Panikkar's diatopical hermeneutics and the discourse of disclosure : 'The silent look' as a symbol of the ultimate reality and meaning in a Muslim-Hindu encounter

Il s'agit d'une rencontre hindo-musulmane a travers l'approche de Raimon Panikkar. Pour l'A., la methode de Panikkar apparait tres positive, notamment grâce a la reconnaissance de la situation distincte occasionnee par la rencontre de deux conceptions du monde radicalement differentes. Son affirmation d'approche dialogique est coherente avec l'exemple du dialogue entre Dārā Shikōh et Bābā Lāl Dās. Ces deux partenaires du dialogue ont fait l'effort d'aller au-dela de l'endroit (topos) de l'autre. La methode de Panikkar pourrait s'enrichir par la reconnaissance accrue du role de la tradition
Exploring the Relationship Between the Misuse of Stimulant Medications and Academic Dishonesty Among a Sample of College Students.

The misuse of prescription stimulant medications (MPS) and academic dishonesty (AD) are both problematic behaviors among college students. Although both behaviors are linked to a student’s desire to succeed academically, little research has been conducted to examine the relationship between these behaviors. The purpose of this study was to determine if students who engaged in past-year MPS committed acts of AD more frequently than those who do not engage in MPS. We collected our data from a sample of undergraduates (n = 974) between the ages of 18 and 25 enrolled at one of three universities in the US who completed an online questionnaire to assess AD and MPS. Results indicated that 18.2 % of the sample engaged in MPS in the past year and 65 % committed one or more acts of AD during the past year. An increased frequency of AD increased the odds of reporting MPS when controlling for known covariates (e.g., gender, stimulant prescription status, and energy drink consumption). In addition, higher rates of MPS were identified in students affiliated with a Greek organization, those with a current stimulant prescription, those who consume energy drinks, and those who misuse other prescriptions. Concerning specific AD-types, misusers reported copying off someone else’s homework, having someone copy of their homework, and using the internet to commit acts of dishonesty more frequently than those who do not engage in MPS. This study adds to the MPS college student literature by highlighting the relationship between MPS and AD.
Incorporation of Deepwater Horizon oil in a terrestrial bird

Carbon isotopic evidence revealed Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil entering coastal planktonic and lower terrestrial food webs. The integration of spilled oil into higher terrestrial trophic levels, however, remains uncertain. We measured radiocarbon (14C) and stable carbon (13C) in seaside sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus) feathers and crop contents. Lower 14C and 13C values in feathers and crop contents of birds from contaminated areas indicated incorporation of carbon from oil. Our results, although based on a small sample of birds, thus reveal a food-web link between oil exposure and a terrestrial ecosystem. They also suggest that the reduction in reproductive success previously documented in the same population might be due to the (direct) toxic effect of oil exposure, rather than to (indirect) ecological effects. We recommend future studies test our results by using larger samples of birds from a wider area in order to assess the extent and implications of DWH oil incorporation into the terrestrial food web.
Eculizumab Reduces Red Blood Cell Transfusions in Non-Renal Solid Organ Transplant Patients Diagnosed with Post Transplant Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (PT-aHUS)

INTRODUCTION: Patients who receive non-renal solid organ transplants have a reported 4-30% incidence of post transplant thrombotic microangiopathy (PT-TMA). The development of PT- TMA is associated with a significant increase in early mortality when compared to patients with no PT-TMA. Mortality rates as high as 70% are associated with PT-TMA in spite of plasma exchange therapy. The factors which contribute to this high mortality are poorly understood. New findings suggest that this form of TMA is complement mediated and can be classified as PT-aHUS. We and others have reported the clinical and laboratory benefits of treating PT-aHUS with eculizumab. There are suggestions of a link between PT-TMA and decreased graft survival although the mechanism is not well understood. Theories include: 1) chronic ischemia from TMA, 2) chronic/low grade antibody mediated rejection (perhaps contributed to by alloimmunization from transfusions) and 3) direct damage to graft mediated by complement. The role that multiple post transplant transfusions plays in poor overall and/or poor graft survival in these patients has not been evaluated, but is intriguing. MATERIALS and METHODS: We report our experience with 9 patients who underwent non renal solid organ transplantation (7 small bowel and 2 orthotopic liver) in 2011 - 2013 at our institution who were diagnosed clinically with PT-aHUS and treated with eculizumab. Blood component use was evaluated from the date of transplant (DOT) to the date of initiation of eculizumab therapy 1-53 months (mean: 11 months) and after initiation of eculizumab therapy 6-24 months (mean: 13 months). Criteria for transfusions and the clinical team were unchanged during the study period. RESULTS: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions from the DOT to the date of eculizumab initiation 5-53 units (mean: 31 units), PRBC transfusions post initiation of eculizumab therapy 0-41 units (mean: 11 units). Apheresis platelet (PLT) transfusions from the DOT to the date of eculizumab initiation 0-7 units (mean: 3 units), PLT transfusions post initiation of eculizumab therapy 0-16 units (mean: 2units). Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) infusions from the DOT to the date of eulizumab initiation 0-272 units (mean: 43 units) FFP infusions post initiation of eculizumab therapy 1-10 units (mean: 2units). CONCLUSIONS: The significant reduction in RBC transfusions after the initiation of eculizumab demonstrates a previously unreported clinical benefit of the complement inhibitory effects of eculizumab in patients with PT-aHUS. While long term results remain to be determined continued monitoring of both overall patient and graft survival in these patients will be interesting. We hypothesize that early treatment of PT-aHUS with eculizumab minimizing the need for transfusion therapy will have a beneficial effect on overall patient as well as graft survival. Disclosures Broome:Alexion Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria.
Sex Differences in Human and Animal Toxicology: Toxicokinetics

Sex, the states of being female or male, potentially interacts with all xenobiotic exposures, both inadvertent and deliberate, and influences their toxicokinetics (TK), toxicodynamics, and outcomes. Sex differences occur in behavior, exposure, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and genetics, accounting for female-male differences in responses to environmental chemicals, diet, and pharmaceuticals, including adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Often viewed as an annoying confounder, researchers have studied only one sex, adjusted for sex, or ignored it. Occupational epidemiology, the basis for understanding many toxic effects in humans, usually excluded women. Likewise, Food and Drug Administration rules excluded women of childbearing age from drug studies for many years. Aside from sex-specific organs, sex differences and sex × age interactions occur for a wide range of disease states as well as hormone-influenced conditions and drug distribution. Women have more ADRs than men; the classic sex hormone paradigm (gonadectomy and replacement) reveals significant interaction of sex and TK including absorption, distribution, metabolisms, and elimination. Studies should be designed to detect sex differences, describe the mechanisms, and interpret these in a broad social, clinical, and evolutionary context with phenomena that do not differ. Sex matters, but how much of a difference is needed to matter remains challenging.
Plerixafor and G-CSF Versus Cyclophosphamide and G-CSF for Stem Cell Mobilization in Patients with Multiple Myeloma.

Abstract 2146 Poster Board II-123 Introduction: High dose melphalan and autologus stem cell transplant remains an effective treatment for patients with either early or refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Collection of sufficient numbers of stem cells for more than one transplant is optimal. G-CSF with chemotherapy, particularly cyclophosphamide (CY/G-CSF), has been a widely used and effective regimen for stem cell collection in MM. Plerixafor, a CXCR4 antagonist, when combined with G-CSF has been shown in a large randomized clinical trial to be superior to G-CSF alone. A comparison of plerixifor/G-CSF to CY/G-CSF is presented here. Materials and Methods: We performed a single institution retrospective analysis of 365 patients with MM who underwent stem cell mobilization and harvest at the University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center from January 2002 to December 2007. All patients were harvested early in the course of their disease. 76 patients were excluded from this analysis (23 had incomplete data on induction regimen, 19 had incomplete data on stem cell collection, 16 had incomplete data on mobilization regimen, 10 underwent allogeneic transplants, 2 had bone marrow rather than peripheral blood harvests, 2 had stem cells collected at an outside institution, 2 had chemotherapy mobilization other than CY and 2 had medical complications prior to harvest and after mobilization). Therefore, 289 patients were included in the analysis; 16 received plerixafor/G-CSF, 198 received CY/G-CSF, and 75 received G-CSF alone. Results: The median number of collected stem cells was 7.95 × 106 CD34+/kg in plerixafor/G-CSF group, 7.7 × 106 CD34+/kg in Cy/G-CSF group and 4.5 × 106 CD34+/kg in G-CSF alone group. The median number of apheresis days was 2 days, 2 days and 4 days respectively. The percentage of the patients who collected ≥ 6 × 106 CD34+/kg in < 3 apheresis was 63% (10/16), 62% (123/198) and 19% (14/75) respectively. The percentage of the patients who collected ≥ 6 × 106CD34+/kg <5 apheresis was 81% (13/16), 69% (136/198) and 23% (17/75) respectively. The mean CD34+/kg collected erither after CY/G-CSF or plerixafor/G-CSF was higher than G-CSF alone (p<0.0001 for each analysis). Conclusion: This analysis suggests that plerixafor/G-CSF and CY/G-CSF mobilization result in similar and adequate stem cell harvest numbers for autologous stem cell transplantation for MM. Both approaches are superior to G-CSF alone. The choice of plerixafor/G-CSF vs CY/G-CSF for stem cell mobilization will therefore depend on further analysis of the relative costs, toxicities and long term outcome of these regimens. Disclosures: Stadtmauer: genzyme: Consultancy.
Ilkka Hanski, The “Compleat Ecologist”: An Homage to His Contributions to the Spatial Dimension of Food Web Interactions

Ilkka Hanski is most widely known for his seminal contributions to metapopulation ecology, both theoretical and empirical. But he also made many important and wide-ranging contributions to other arenas of ecological inquiry, including in particular predator—prey, host—parasitoid, and host—pathogen interactions. This paper provides an overview of his work in trophic ecology, ranging from individual behavior of foraging predators and fleeing prey, up to effects of spatial patchiness on the persistence of specialist natural enemies, and even the determinants of food chain length. In recent years, his work on food web interactions took on an increasingly genetic and evolutionary slant. In this paper, I also return to two theoretical models that I discussed over the years with Ilkka, where we contemplated carrying out collaborative work, but never managed to do so. The first of these models involves how habitat patchiness might moderate apparent competition between prey species. The second of these has to do w...
Perceptual interactions in thermo-tactile displays

Thermo-tactile displays have been developed to enhance the degree of realism in virtual environments and assist in the identification of virtual objects. It is unknown whether the simultaneous presentation of thermal and tactile cues enhances user performance and if the two types of sensory signals can be processed independently or interact. The present experiment measured thermal pattern identification in the presence of concurrent vibrotactile feedback on the thenar eminence on the hand. The thermal patterns varied with respect to the direction, rate, and duration of the change in skin temperature and for the vibration inputs the number of pulses was varied. The results indicated that with concurrent tactile stimulation warm stimuli (89%) were easier to identify than cool stimuli (76%) and that the number of pulses in the vibration signal affected thermal identification. The mean Information Transfer (IT) associated with these thermo-tactile patterns was 1.94 bits. These thermal-tactile interactions indicate that in multi-sensory displays the ability to perceive independent channels of communication can be influenced by the concurrent presentation of other sensory cues.
World Trade Center Dust: Composition and Spatial-Temporal Considerations for Health

The events of 9/11 caused a unique health hazard by creating a large dust cloud and debris fires that burned for months. The combination of collapsed buildings and fires released many chemicals including a variety of carcinogens and the potential for pulmonary injury and inhalational exposure. Analyses of the spatial-temporal aspects of the dust cloud suggest very high levels of inhalation exposure to first responders and residents in lower Manhattan and western Brooklyn. Of particular, concern are asbestos, titanium, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxins, and chlordane pesticides. Beyond carcinogenicity and the potential for acute lung injury, many of the identified chemicals are implicated in cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, renal and hepatic damage may occur. Healthcare providers treating exposed persons should be aware of increased risk of contracting these sundry diseases.
Effective Lagrangian and Effective Parameters in Grand Unified Theories

This conference is devoted to discussing a very appealing idea that particles interact with a universal strength at the most fundamental level [1]. The observed strengths in various interactions are apparently not the same, because there exist mass hierarchies and because different effective coupling constants suffer different radiative corrections and evolve separately.
Expected and Unexpected Changes in Venous Autografts Used as Aortocoronary Conduits

(1997). Expected and Unexpected Changes in Venous Autografts Used as Aortocoronary Conduits. Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 79-84.
Update in Systemic and Targeted Therapies in Gastrointestinal Oncology

Progress has been made in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers through advances in systemic therapies, surgical interventions, and radiation therapy. At the Multi-Disciplinary Patient Care in Gastrointestinal Oncology conference, the faculty members of the Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center presented a variety of topics that focused on this sub-specialty. This conference paper highlights the new development in systemic treatment of various malignant diseases in the digestive system. Results of the recent clinical trials that investigated the clinical efficacy of pegylated hyaluronidase, napabucasin, and L-asparaginase in pancreatic carcinoma are presented. The use of peri-operative chemotherapy comprised of 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel (FLOT), and immunotherapy including pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and ipilimumab in gastroesophageal carcinoma are discussed. Data from clinical trials that investigated the targeted therapeutics including nivolumab, ramucirumab, lenvatinib, and BLU-554 are reported. The role of adjuvant capecitabine in resected biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) and nab-paclitaxel in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced BTC are presented. In colorectal carcinoma, the efficacy of nivolumab, adjuvant FOLFOX or CAPOX, irinotecan/cetuximab/vemurafenib, and trifluridine/tipiracil/bevacizumab, is examined. In summary, some of the above systemic therapies have become or are expected to become new standard of care, while the others demonstrate the potential of becoming new treatment options.
New data on the anatomy and palaeobiology of sandcoleid mousebirds (Aves, Coliiformes) from the early Eocene of Messel

The Sandcoleidae are stem group representatives of the Coliiformes (mousebirds). These birds are among the most abundant medium-sized arboreal birds in some early and middle Eocene fossil sites of Europe and North America, and they are particularly well represented in the German locality Messel. Here, new sandcoleid fossils from Messel are reported. Most of these are tentatively assigned to Eoglaucidium pallas, which is the only named European sandcoleid species, but one specimen is likely to represent a new, unnamed species. Another fossil exhibits exceptionally well-preserved feather remains, which show that the tail of sandcoleids was not as greatly elongated and stiffened as that of extant mousebirds (Coliidae). It is hypothesised that these differences in the tail morphology of sandcoleids and coliids may have been due to changes in the habitual perching posture, which occurred early in the evolutionary history of the Coliidae.
Assigning biological function using hidden signatures in cystine-stabilized peptide sequences.

Cystine-stabilized peptides have great utility as they naturally block ion channels, inhibit acetylcholine receptors, or inactivate microbes. However, only a tiny fraction of these peptides has been characterized. Exploration for novel peptides most efficiently starts with the identification of candidates from genome sequence data. Unfortunately, though cystine-stabilized peptides have shared structures, they have low DNA sequence similarity, restricting the utility of BLAST and even more powerful sequence alignment-based annotation algorithms, such as PSI-BLAST and HMMER. In contrast, a supervised machine learning approach may improve discovery and function assignment of these peptides. To this end, we employed our previously described m-NGSG algorithm, which utilizes hidden signatures embedded in peptide primary sequences that define and categorize structural or functional classes of peptides. From the generalized m-NGSG framework, we derived five specific models that categorize cystine-stabilized peptide sequences into specific functional classes. When compared with PSI-BLAST, HMMER and existing function-specific models, our novel approach (named CSPred) consistently demonstrates superior performance in discovery and function-assignment. We also report an interactive version of CSPred, available through download ( https://bitbucket.org/sm_islam/cystine-stabilized-proteins/src ) or web interface (watson.ecs.baylor.edu/cspred), for the discovery of cystine-stabilized peptides of specific function from genomic datasets and for genome annotation. We fully describe, in the Availability section following the Discussion, the quick and simple usage of the CsPred website to automatically deliver function assignments for batch submissions of peptide sequences.
Diabetes Mellitus: A Nursing Perspective

Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic disease, or group of diseases, manifested by hyperglycemia that present in a variety of types and forms. Some types may be prevented by a healthy lifestyle, but all of the types can result in serious complications, especially if not managed well. Nurses are healthcare professionals who provide diabetes prevention and care in a holistic manner that considers the needs of the whole person. This paper will discuss the perspective and contributions of nursing professionals with regard to the care of patients with diabetes.
Behavioral and neuropathological manifestations of nutritionally induced central nervous system “aging” in the rat

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the behavioral and neuropathological manifestations of nutritionally induced central nervous system “aging” in the rat. The long-term objective of the present study is to determine any relationship between the accumulation of central nervous system (CNS) lipofuscin and the deterioration of brain functions. In the present experiment accumulation of brain lipofuscin and the behavior related to memory and learning functions were studied in rats chronically fed on a vitamin E deficient diet. Accelerated “aging” with respect to brain accumulation of lipofuscin (intracellular granules exhibiting yellow primary fluorescence) was induced in male rats (Sprague–Dawley) by feeding them an artificial diet deficient in vitamin E. Acquisition and retention of conditional-avoidance response, performance of delayed-alternate responding and retention of one-trial learning of aversive experience were impaired. During testing, the animals were placed on normal laboratory chow; therefore, the senility-like deficits of learning and memory were because of irreversible neuropathology (brain atrophy and lipofuscin accumulation) caused by aging and vitamin E deficient diet.
Tunnelling and the Lazy Baker’s Map

There are two opposing desires in choosing a model in theoretical physics. On the one hand it should contain all the important physics under consideration; on the other hand it should be simple enough to pursue the calculations easily and exhibit the results in an unequivocal manner.
Plant architecture of Albion strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is not influenced by light source during conditioning

Architectural analysis describes the position and fate (vegetative or floral) of plant meristems to account for differences in meristem sensitivity to stimuli depending on developmental stage and position on the plant. To provide further insight into the flowering responses of long-day strawberries to nitrogen (N), photoperiod and light source, ‘Albion’ strawberry plants were conditioned with 100 or 800 ppm N under ND (natural daylength) or LD (long days, natural days plus 24-hr supplementary illumination provided by either 60- or 7-watt incandescent bulbs) and greenhouse growth was evaluated for a total of 10 weeks following conditioning. After greenhouse forcing, plants were dissected and their floral architecture evaluated. Additional plants were established in early July in off-season plasticulture production where fruit, crown and stolon production were evaluated. Both light sources were equally effective in eliciting long-day photoperiod responses. No photoperiod effect on floral precocity, leaf, crown, or runner production was observed during greenhouse forcing. Plants under ND tended to produce more inflorescences during the first 5 weeks while LD enhanced inflorescence and flower production during the last 3 weeks of forcing. In dissected plants, maximum floral initiation was observed in plants receiving elevated N under LD. LD inhibited branch crown formation, but had no effect on the number of vegetative, floral or stolon producing axillary meristems regardless of N treatment. LD conditioning enhanced early yield (through 4 September). Field stolon and branch crown formation was supressed in plants receiving low N with LD conditioning. Stolon and branch crown inhibition by LD conditioning was not observed with elevated N. Growth data combined with architectural mapping of meristems allows more conclusive statements regarding treatment effects on specific stages of floral physiology (i.e. induction, initiation, differentiation and development) compared to more generalized conclusions obtained with growth data alone. The separation of direct and indirect effects on floral physiology is possible with floral architectural analysis.
Isavuconazole for the treatment of invasive fungal disease in patients receiving ibrutinib

The B-cell-receptor (BCR) signaling pathway has been shown to be crucial for cancer-cell survival and proliferation in both chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) [1] and marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) [...
A comparison of encoding methods for automated design of optical architectures

Commercial ray-tracing programs can optimize system parameters for a given optical architecture (e.g., radii, thickness, and spacing of lenses); however, design of the underlying system architecture (e.g., number of lenses, their type, and their order in the optical train) remains an expensive trial-and-error approach driven by prior experience and human intuition. Work on automating the architecture design process has had some success but the problem remains open. We compare the efficacy of novel methods for encoding the design of optical systems on a simple imaging objective.
Stiff Knee Gait May Increase Risk of Second Total Knee Arthroplasty

Osteoarthritis (OA) progression in the contralateral limb after unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may be related to altered and asymmetrical movement patterns that overload the contralateral joints. The purpose of this study was to determine if biomechanical factors after unilateral TKA were associated with future contralateral TKA. One hundred and fifty-eight individuals who underwent unilateral TKA completed three dimensional motion analysis 6-24 months after unilateral TKA (baseline). Subjects were re-contacted for follow-up (mean 5.89 years after baseline testing) to determine if they had undergone a contralateral TKA. Biomechanical variables from gait at baseline were compared between those who did and did not undergo contralateral TKA at follow-up using one-way ANOVAs. Odds ratios were calculated for variables found to be significant in the ANOVA models. Individuals who underwent contralateral TKA had less knee flexion excursion (10.5° vs. 12.1°; p = 0.032) and less knee extension excursion (8.2° vs. 9.6°; p = 0.035) at baseline on the operated side during walking. Individuals who underwent contralateral TKA also had less knee flexion excursion on the contralateral limb at baseline (11.9° vs. 14.0°; p = 0.017). For every additional degree of knee flexion excursion on the contralateral knee at baseline, there was a 9.1% reduction in risk of future contralateral TKA. Individuals who walked with stiffer gait patterns were more likely to undergo future contralateral TKA. Clinical Significance: Altered movement patterns after surgery may increase the risk for contralateral TKA. Knee excursion is an important metric to include in outcome studies and may serve as a target of rehabilitation after TKA. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:397-402, 2019.
Facial Attribute Guided Deep Cross-Modal Hashing for Face Image Retrieval

Hashing-based image retrieval approaches have attracted much attention due to their fast query speed and low storage cost. In this paper, we propose an Attribute-based Deep Cross Modal Hashing (ADCMH) network which takes racial attribute modality as a query to retrieve relevant face images. The ADCMH network can efficiently generate compact binary codes to preserve similarity between two modalities (i.e., racial attribute and image modalities) in the Hamming space. Our ADCMH is an end to end deep cross-modal hashing network, which jointly learns similarity preserving features and also compensates for the quantization error due to the hashing of the continuous representation of modalities to binary codes. Experimental results on two standard datasets with racial attributes-image modalities indicate that our ADCMH face image retrieval model outperforms most of the current attribute-guided face image retrieval approaches, which are based on hand crafted features.
Post-irradiation examinations of UO2 composites as part of the Accident Tolerant Fuels Campaign

Abstract Enhanced thermal conductivity uranium dioxide composites containing silicon carbide ( UO 2 − SiC ) and diamond ( UO 2 -diamond) have been irradiated to low burnup. The conditions of this irradiation test and subsequent postirradiation examinations are discussed. These irradiations evaluate fuel microstructure and potential fuel cladding interaction of UO 2 composites, which have been proposed as accident tolerant fuel candidates. Both non-destructive and destructive techniques have been used to evaluate fuel integrity, fission gas release, fission product distribution, burnup, fuel swelling and cladding strain. Examination of the UO 2 - SiC pellets revealed enhanced cracking when compared to UO 2 pellets irradiated under similar conditions. Instability of the SiC whiskers in the uranium dioxide matrix was observed in the pellet central region, where the local temperatures exceeded 1300°C. The microstructure of the UO 2 -diamond was severely disrupted during irradiation, resulting in local migration of cesium along the fuel stack and increased fission gas release when compared with the expected release from the Vitanza curve at corresponding values of burnup and irradiation temperature. The postirradiation examination results cast doubt on the suitability of these additives to improve UO 2 fuel performance in a way that would lead to enhanced accident tolerance.
Natural Selection of Glycoprotein B Mutations That Rescue the Small-Plaque Phenotype of a Fusion-Impaired Herpes Simplex Virus Mutant.

ABSTRACT Glycoprotein B (gB) is a conserved viral fusion protein that is required for herpesvirus entry. To mediate fusion with the cellular membrane, gB refolds from a prefusion to a postfusion conformation. We hypothesize that an interaction between the C-terminal arm and the central coiled coil of the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) gB ectodomain is critical for fusion. We previously reported that three mutations in the C-terminal arm (I671A/H681A/F683A, called gB3A) greatly reduced cell-cell fusion and that virus carrying these mutations had a small-plaque phenotype and delayed entry into cells. By serially passaging gB3A virus, we selected three revertant viruses with larger plaques. These revertant viruses acquired mutations in gB that restore the fusion function of gB3A, including gB-A683V, gB-S383F/G645R/V705I/A855V, and gB-T509M/N709H. V705I and N709H are novel mutations that map to the portion of domain V that enters domain I in the postfusion structure. S383F, G645R, and T509M are novel mutations that map to an intersection of three domains in a prefusion model of gB. We introduced these second-site mutations individually and in combination into wild-type gB and gB3A to examine the impact of the mutations on fusion and expression. V705I and A855V (a known hyperfusogenic mutation) restored the fusion function of gB3A, whereas S383F and G645R dampened fusion and T509M and N709H worked in concert to restore gB3A fusion. The results identify two regions in the gB ectodomain that modulate the fusion activity of gB, potentially by impacting intramolecular interactions and stability of the prefusion and/or postfusion gB trimer. IMPORTANCE Glycoprotein B (gB) is an essential viral protein that is conserved in all herpesviruses and is required for virus entry. gB is thought to undergo a conformational change that provides the energy to fuse the viral and cellular membranes; however, the details of this conformational change and the structure of the prefusion and intermediate conformations of gB are not known. Previously, we demonstrated that mutations in the gB “arm” region inhibit fusion and impart a small-plaque phenotype. Using serial passage of a virus carrying these mutations, we identified revertants with restored plaque size. The revertant viruses acquired novel mutations in gB that restored fusion function and mapped to two sites in the gB ectodomain. This work supports our hypothesis that an interaction between the gB arm and the core of gB is critical for gB refolding and provides details about the function of gB in herpesvirus-mediated fusion and subsequent virus entry.
Value of pulmonary annulus area index in predicting transannular patch placement in tetralogy of Fallot repair.

BACKGROUND Precisely evaluating the need for transannular patch (TAP) placement is very important in the surgical treatment of tetralogy of Fallot. We hypothesized that the pulmonary annulus area index (PAAI, the pulmonary-to-aortic valve annulus cross-sectional area ratio) could be a useful and accessible predictor for TAP placement. METHODS The medical records of patients who underwent tetralogy of Fallot repair between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. A total of 255 patients were included and categorized into two groups: patients who needed TAP placement and patients who did not. Various candidate predictors for TAP placement (PAAI, pulmonary annulus z-score, and velocity across the pulmonary annulus) were compared using receiver operating characteristic curves. The optimal cutoff for each predictor was assessed. RESULTS Among the 255 patients included, 156 needed TAP placement (156/237, 65.8%). Both the PAAI (0.28 [0.20/0.34] vs 0.14 [0.09/0.19]; P < .0001) and z-score (-1.5 [-2.9, -0.4] vs -3.6 [-5.3/-2.6]; P < .0001) were smaller in the TAP group. The PAAI is a useful predictor of the pulmonary annulus z-score (AUC 0.830 vs 0.811, P = .19). Combination analysis of the PAAI and velocity across the pulmonary annulus (PV vmax ) showed better predictive value than the PAAI and z-score (AUC 0.860, sensitivity 89.7%, specificity 61.7%, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the PAAI is a useful and accessible predictor for TAP placement and can be applied readily and simply in clinical practice. A combination with the velocity across the pulmonary annulus could promote the accuracy of prediction.
Current Turbine Array Placement in Quasigeostrophic Flows Over Bottom Topography

The Coriolis force in the ocean at mid to high latitudes leads to significant deviation of flow over bottom topography such as seamounts, including formation of Taylor columns. Direct oceanic measurements ([2], [3]) have verified the flow deviations and the presence of Taylor columns over seamounts in the ocean. In this study we consider how this quasigeostrophic flow can be exploited to enhance the performance of an underwater tidal turbine array. For small Rossby numbers, Johnson [1] provides to leading order in Rossby number, analytical solutions for inviscid quasigeostrophic flow over isolated elongated elliptical topography. These solutions are used in our study to predict and explore the characteristics of the flow under flow currents corresponding to various tidal conditions. The results are used to consider a potential design for a layout of turbine arrays that could take advantage of the Coriolis force to enhance tidal current power production.
Framework Development for an Immediate Postpartum Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Program.

Background With the high rates of unintended pregnancy and associated maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States, particularly among poor and minority women, it is imperative that all individuals have information about and access to long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) methods in the immediate postpartum period. Objective The creation of a framework to provide guidance, address barriers, and dispel myths associated with the implementation of an immediate postpartum LARC program. Methods A multistep approach to develop a framework to guide planning and implementation of an immediate postpartum LARC program. A literature review, telephone and e-mail interviews with clinical experts involved with successful implementation of immediate postpartum LARC programs, development of a list of interdisciplinary specialists, and steps required to initiate a change in current practice. Results The provision of a framework to guide the planning and implementation of an immediate postpartum LARC program to streamline the process while addressing perceived barriers and myths. Conclusions Addressing the lack of knowledge about LARCs, financial concerns, and absence of a standardized framework related to planning and implementation of this complex process will hopefully begin the process of making effective and reliable contraception available. Implications for nursing The use of a standardized framework to guide the implementation of an immediate postpartum LARC program provides the potential for easier access to LARC methods in this critical time period.
Learning differentially reorganizes brain activity and connectivity

Human learning is a complex process in which future behavior is altered via the reorganization of brain activity and connectivity. It remains unknown whether activity and connectivity differentially reorganize during learning, and, if so, how that differential reorganization tracks stages of learning across distinct brain areas. Here, we address this gap in knowledge by measuring brain activity and functional connectivity in a longitudinal fMRI experiment in which healthy adult human participants learn the values of novel objects over the course of four days. An increasing similarity in activity or functional connectivity across subjects during learning reflects reorganization toward a common functional architecture. We assessed the presence of reorganization in activity and connectivity both during value learning and during the resting-state, allowing us to differentiate common elicited processes from intrinsic processes. We found a complex and dynamic reorganization of brain connectivity and activity--as a function of time, space, and performance--that occurs while subjects learn. Spatially localized brain activity reorganizes across the brain to a common functional architecture early in learning, and this reorganization tracks early learning performance. In contrast, spatially distributed connectivity reorganizes across the brain to a common functional architecture as training progresses, and this reorganization tracks later learning performance. Particularly good performance is associated with a sticky connectivity, that persists into the resting state. Broadly, our work uncovers distinct principles of reorganization in activity and connectivity at different phases of value learning, which inform the ongoing study of learning processes more generally.
How the West Was Drawn: Mapping, Indians, and the Construction of the Trans-Mississippi West

Review of: How the West Was Drawn: Mapping, Indians, and the Construction of the Trans-Mississippi West, by David Bernstein.
Ten-Year Experience in Implementing Single-Fraction Lung SBRT for Medically Inoperable Early-Stage Lung Cancer.

Purpose To review 10 years of using single-fraction lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SF-SBRT) for medically inoperable peripheral early-stage lung cancer. Methods and Materials An institutional review board–approved prospective lung SBRT data registry was surveyed until the end of December 2019 for all patients receiving SF-SBRT with minimum 6-month follow-up. Doses used were either 34 Gy or 30 Gy. Outcomes of interest included rates of local failure and overall survival (OS), as well as treatment-related toxicity graded per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0. Results A total of 229 patients met the study criteria. Patient characteristics included female sex (55%); median age, 74.6 years (range, 47-94); and median Karnofsky Performance Status 80 (range, 50-100). Tumor characteristics included median diameter, 1.6 cm (range, 0.7-4.1); median positron emission tomography standardized uptake value maximum 6.1 (range, 0.8-24.3); and 63.6% of patients biopsied. SF-SBRT dose was 34 Gy in 72.1% cases and 30 Gy in 27.9%, with patient and tumor characteristics balanced between cohorts. Overall median follow-up times for 30 Gy and 34 Gy were 36.7 and 17.2 months, respectively (P Conclusions This is the largest institutional series to date reporting on SF-SBRT outcomes for medically inoperable peripheral early-stage lung cancer and the first to report on a decade's experience in implementing this schedule. Outcomes from this analysis are comparable to published results from 2 randomized trials and validate the use of this schedule in routine practice. In the absence of phase 3 trials, this study should encourage increased use of SF-SBRT for inoperable tumors.
In Situ Optical Quantification of Extracellular Electron Transfer using Plasmonic Metal Oxide Nanocrystals

Extracellular electron transfer (EET) is a critical form of microbial metabolism that enables respiration on a variety of inorganic substrates, including metal oxides. However, quantifying current generated by electroactive bacteria has been predominately limited to biofilms formed on electrodes. To address this, we developed a platform for quantifying EET flux from cell suspensions using aqueous dispersions of infrared plasmonic tin-doped indium oxide nanocrystals. Tracking the change in optical extinction during electron transfer enabled quantification of current generated by planktonic Shewanella oneidensis cultures. Using this method, we differentiated between starved and actively respiring cells, between cells of varying genotype, and between cells engineered to differentially express a key EET gene using an inducible genetic circuit. Overall, our results validate the utility of colloidally stable plasmonic metal oxide nanocrystals as quantitative biosensors in native biological environments and contribute to a fundamental understanding of planktonic S. oneidensis electrophysiology using simple in situ spectroscopy.