cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Encystation of Giardia lamblia leads to expression of antigens recognized by antibodies against conserved heat shock proteins.

During in vitro encystation, Giardia lamblia expresses several stage-specific proteins which are recognized in immunoblots by antisera raised against antigens from three different pathogens. The antigens belong to two different families of conserved stress proteins: (i) HSP60 purified from Legionella pneumophila and recombinant HSP60 from Mycobacterium bovis BCG and (ii) recombinant HSP70 from Plasmodium falciparum. Images
Reduced dimensionality, information rich visual representations for scene classification

We present a reduced dimensionality, information rich (RDIR) visual representation for scene information that distills the most distinguishing elements in an image, enabling scene classification by humans and computers under reduced dimensionality conditions. The representation utilizes the Gist model [1] to convey scene information in low bandwidth conditions, exhibiting enhanced classification performance for humans and computers compared to the current downsampling method used by the Retinal Prosthesis System [2], which restores partial vision for people without sight. We show that as few as 6-pixel, 3-bit images are sufficient for successful classification by humans of 4 classes within the Natural Scene Dataset [3]. Human and computer classification accuracy on RDIR scenes is consistently higher than that on downsampled (DS) (spatially averaged) scenes. While DS scenes may seem more intuitive to interpret since spatial layout is preserved in them, we show that the dimensionality reduction via Principal Components Analysis (PCA) following Gist processing enables distinguishability for 6-dimensional RDIR images. We conduct a short trade-off study for human learning vs. SVM classification and conclude with application of the RDIR technique to classification of 6 locations on the University of Southern California (USC) campus.
Solar direct energy conversion system

The energy needs of our society are steadily increasing due to the increase in population and the desire for higher standards of living (the Gross National Product is a monototonic function of the energy consumed).1 The fuel supply is not sufficient to satisfy such needs in the future. First natural gas, then oil, will be in short supply and will force consumers to explore alternative resources. It is certain that current comfort conditioning with natural gas and oil must change to other forms of producing heat, such as using synthetic fuels, electricity using heat pumps, and solar energy. The latter has great attraction as nondepletable fuel; however, its intensity fluctuation and high first cost of the needed conversion equipment has prevented major use of solar energy.
Making a difference, differently

Ten years ago, after 2 years as a postdoc, I found myself wondering whether I should take a different road. Up to that point, I had stuck to a pretty traditional path investigating cancer genetics, but the research grind had taken its toll and my interest was waning. At the same time, federal
ATP-Dependent Persister Formation in Escherichia coli.

ABSTRACT Persisters are dormant variants that form a subpopulation of cells tolerant to antibiotics. Persisters are largely responsible for the recalcitrance of chronic infections to therapy. In Escherichia coli, one widely accepted model of persister formation holds that stochastic accumulation of ppGpp causes activation of the Lon protease that degrades antitoxins; active toxins then inhibit translation, resulting in dormant, drug-tolerant persisters. We found that various stresses induce toxin-antitoxin (TA) expression but that induction of TAs does not necessarily increase persisters. The 16S rRNA promoter rrnB P1 was proposed to be a persister reporter and an indicator of toxin activation regulated by ppGpp. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), we confirmed the enrichment for persisters in the fraction of rrnB P1-gfp dim cells; however, this is independent of toxin-antitoxins. rrnB P1 is coregulated by ppGpp and ATP. We show that rrnB P1 can report persisters in a relA/spoT deletion background, suggesting that rrnB P1 is a persister marker responding to ATP. Consistent with this finding, decreasing the level of ATP by arsenate treatment causes drug tolerance. Lowering ATP slows translation and prevents the formation of DNA double-strand breaks upon ﬂuoroquinolone treatment. We conclude that variation in ATP levels leads to persister formation by decreasing the activity of antibiotic targets. IMPORTANCE Persisters are a subpopulation of antibiotic-tolerant cells responsible for the recalcitrance of chronic infections. Our current understanding of persister formation is primarily based on studies of E. coli. The activation of toxin-antitoxin systems by ppGpp has become a widely accepted model for persister formation. In this study, we found that stress-induced activation of mRNA interferase-type toxins does not necessarily cause persister formation. We also found that the persister marker rrnB P1 reports persister cells because it detects a drop in cellular ATP levels. Consistent with this, lowering the ATP level decreases antibiotic target activity and, thus, leads to persister formation. We conclude that stochastic variation in ATP is the main mechanism of persister formation. A decrease in ATP provides a satisfactory explanation for the drug tolerance of persisters, since bactericidal antibiotics act by corrupting energy-dependent targets.
‘Friending someone means just adding them to your friends list, not much else’: Children’s casual practices in virtual world games

This article analyzes young preteens’ uses and understandings of virtual world games, with a focus on the structures that create different online experiences. The study involved working with a group of 28 children aged 8 to 10 years. Data analyzed in this article are paper-based activities, semistructured interviews, and field notes. The article investigates dominant constructions of children as ‘not yet complete’ and as ‘active, knowing beings’ (Cook, 2005). These dichotomous constructions are explored across the literature concerning children and virtual world games, particularly in relation to online risks and opportunities. The analysis focuses on ways data collected for this project challenge constructions of children as either at risk or active and empowered. The analysis reveals that many children’s online engagements in virtual world games are casual (i.e. they are not investing time or money in the games) and structured by factors such as age, socioeconomic status, and Internet access. The articl...
Rethinking Student Teacher Feedback: Using a Self-Assessment Resource With Student Teachers

This study examines 10 preservice teachers’ use of Freiberg’﻿s Person-Centered Learning Assessment (PCLA), a self-assessment measure. The PCLA serves as an individualized resource for educators to ...
Four Flows theory and materiality: ISIL’s use of material resources in its communicative constitution

This paper extends Four Flows theory by showing how its agency-related assumptions can explain the role played by materials in the communicative constitution of organizations (CCO). Analysis of Dab...
Realistic non-destructive testing of integrated circuit bond wiring using 3-D X-ray tomography, reverse engineering, and finite element analysis

Abstract Within industries that manufacture and/or utilize semiconductor devices, integrated circuit (IC) bond wiring is tested for product assurance and counterfeit detection purposes through invasive and destructive probing. The examined unit is either partially damaged or fully destroyed during these tests and the uncertainties that existed prior to testing reappear when a new unit must replace the probed unit. Because packaged circuits serve such diverse roles in countless critical systems across many applications, there is a strong need for robust, quick, and non-destructive testing. As of now, methods to non-destructively test these components involve either simplified geometric modeling and finite element analyses, which make concessions to accuracy, or include more accurate forms of geometric acquisition but remain untested, unverified, and computationally expensive. The goals of this study are to test the validity of micro-CT as a tool to import accurate bond wire geometries to single- and multi-physical finite element testing and to produce a practical methodology for the image acquisition, processing, and simulation of integrated circuit bond wires with a focus on practicality and industrial applicability. A reverse engineering technique is examined as a valid simplification to the geometries retrieved from micro-CT. The reverse engineered geometry from micro-CT is then tested within a finite element simulation with the loading data gathered from a traditional destructive bond wire pull-test to examine its similarity. The results show that the proposed methodology can closely mirror the destructive test by highlighting the correct location of probable failure with the corresponding stress values in excess of the material's strength limits. In addition, the methodology reduces the finite element computational expense by a factor of four and produces a CAD editable model for geometric alteration or other finite element testing environments; similar to the files created by part manufacturers prior to production. The differences being that the model can include production process-related variations and can be utilized by an end-user seeking validation for a given application. The broader implications of this methodology include its application to iterative product design and extension to multi-physical, dynamic, and/or inordinately expensive testing conditions.
Undergraduate medical education for the 21st century: leadership and teamwork.

Background The health care delivery system is experiencing enormous flux. The knowledge and skills sets required of today's physicians include expertise in competency areas that have not been included in the traditional medical curricula. The Undergraduate Medical Education for the 21st Century (UME-21) project was designed to develop innovative curricula that addressed the training necessary for medical students to gain skills required to provide high-quality, accessible, and affordable care in the modern health care environment. One of the nine UME-21 content areas, leadership and teamwork, has historically received relatively little attention in medical education. Methods Each school participating in the UME-21 project submitted a final report that provided information for this descriptive summary of curricular innovations for teaching the concepts of leadership and teamwork to medical students. A classification lexicon for the curricular content and experiences in this content area was derived from these UME-21 project reports. Each school evaluated its curricular innovations independently using a variety of methods, largely descriptive and qualitative in nature. Results Eight UME-21 schools developed curricula addressing the content area of leadership and teamwork. The majority of these curricula used the clinical care teams in the clinical rotations to demonstrate the principles and importance of leadership and teamwork. Three of the schools implemented didactic sessions and workshops to explicitly address leadership and teamwork. One school used the gross anatomy dissection teams as the "laboratory" for demonstrating this content material. The evaluations of these curricular efforts showed them to be positively regarded by the medical students. Outcomes of measurable changes in competency in this area of expertise were not evaluated. Conclusions There is little past experience in teaching leadership and teamwork in medical school. The UME-21 project supported the design and implementation of several curricular innovations in this content area, which were well received by learners. These eight leadership and teamwork curricula are described, a lexicon outlining the specific content that was addressed in this content area is presented, and lessons learned are included in this report. Further efforts to demonstrate the mastery of new skills in this important content area, based on curricula such as these, are needed.
Teaching Local 1330: reflections on critical legal pedagogy

*I have admired Staughton and Alice Lynd‟s commitment to social justice and their faith in participatory, grass-roots mobilization since I attended the “Assembly of Unrepresented People” in Washington, DC, in 1965, an early protest against the Vietnam War. It is no surprise that, as Staughton recounts the story, the idea of a community right to industrial property emerged organically from the struggles and collective resistance of the steelworkers and their families, sympathetic clergy, and other community leaders. 1 I am sure he would insist that how he drafted the pleadings is the
The Harish-Chandra Series for φλ and the c-Function

It follows from the polar decomposition G = K Cl(A+)K that any K-biinvariant function on G is essentially determined by its restriction to A+. Suppose D is a K-biinvariant C∞ differential operator on G. Then one can set up “polar coordinates” on the open set G+ = KA+K and determine a C∞ differential operator \(\tilde D\) on A+ such that, for all \(f \in c^\infty (G//k)\) $$\mathop {Df}\limits^ \sim = \tilde D\tilde f\,\,\,\,\,( {\rm\sim means\,restriction\,\,to\,}A^ + )$$ .
Une Carrière de géographe au siècle des Lumières Jean-Baptiste d’Anville, edited by Lucile Haguet

Jean-Baptiste d’Anville (1697–1782), armchair cartographer par excellence, is a name well known to historians of cartography, geographers and map collectors, and celebrated for his ability to draw ...
Novel high-energy ion implantation facility using a 15 MV Tandem Van de Graaff accelerator

Abstract The implantation depths required for the development and fabrication of future generations of silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductor devices require ion energies that are well above the capabilities of most conventional ion implanters. To generate implantation profiles that extend from more than 10 μm to the surface of the wafer, a wide range of energy ions (kV to 10 s of MeV) is required. We developed a novel multi-energy implantation system that satisfies these requirements using heavy ion beams from one of the Brookhaven National Laboratory’s two 15 MV Tandem Van de Graaff accelerators. This system is described, including the dosimetry approach and the available ion species and intensities. Finally, an example of a measured implantation profiles in SiC is shown and compared to simulations.
Surgical Ethics: Theory and Practice Background

Surgical ethics has to do with the determination of what ought to be done, all things considered. This chapter prompts reflection on eight analytical questions: 1. What does it mean for a practicing surgeon to be “ethical”? 2. Where is “ethics” in the complexities of patient care? 3. Why do well-intentioned individuals come to conflicting judgments about what should be done? 4. What are patients and their families invited to trust? 5. When/why does trust break down in patient care? 6. When/how should patients and their families be involved in decision-making? 7. Why is it so hard to keep sense in care at life’s end? 8. Is concern for justice (ir)relevant at the bedside?
Gadolinium-based contrast agents: A clinically significant analytical interference in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry elemental analysis:

BackgroundGadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have been used in magnetic resonance imaging for the past 30 years, where they have significantly improved the effectiveness of imaging studies. H...
Characterization of Sinus Disease in Patients with Yellow Nail Syndrome.

ObjectiveYellow nail syndrome (YNS) is characterized by the triad of thickened yellow nails, primary lymphedema, and respiratory manifestations including bronchiectasis, chronic cough, pleural effu...
Brush-modified materials: Control of molecular architecture, assembly behavior, properties and applications

Abstract Recent progress in surface-initiated polymerization enables the deliberate polymer modification of nanoscopic surfaces with high levels of precision. This has given rise to the development of brush particle-based materials (sometimes referred to as ‘hairy nanoparticles’) that are formed by tethering of polymer chains to the surface of nanoparticle-like objects. Brush particles have attracted interest as model systems to understand the effect of surface modification on the structure and interactions in polymer modified colloidal systems (which play a role across fields as diverse as functional coatings, cosmetics, foods or pharmaceuticals) but also as building blocks for the assembly of ‘one-component hybrid materials’ that exhibit unprecedented property combinations, not realizable in classical composite materials. This review presents a summary and analysis of the developments in ‘particle brush materials’. The evolution of synthetic methodologies from the original pioneering work to emerging trends and opportunities in the field of brush synthesis is presented first. Subsequently, the effect of brush architecture on the structure, interaction and assembly of brush particles both with and without a matrix is discussed. Finally, recent advances in the development of functional hybrid materials with applications in energy, catalysis, sensing and other areas is presented.
Experience of a tertiary paediatric bronchoscopy service in the UK

Introduction: Fiberoptic flexible bronchoscopy(FB)is frequently performed to evaluate children with known or suspected airway and lung parenchymal disorders. Aims: To retrospectively collect information on indications, clinical outcomes and complications of all flexible bronchoscopies performed at Sheffield Children’s Hospital over one year period (2017). Method: The clinical files of 158 children (aged 16 years or less) were reviewed. Demographic data, types of procedure, operator findings, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) reports and complications were analysed. Results: 161 FB were done, 51% in children aged 3 years or less. 48(30%) were normal but 113 had positive findings (Figure 1). The incidence of airway abnormalities was lower (36.6%) compared to other studies (57%). BAL results are presented in Figure 2. Conclusions: FB is an important investigation in the assessment of complex respiratory problems in children, with good diagnostic yield and low complication rate. BAL results could have significant implications on the choice of antibiotics in the context of antibiotic stewardship. References: 1. A Faro et al, AJRCCM 2015, 191: 1066 2. F. De Baets et al, ERJ 2012, 39: 392
Effects of Technology-Mediated Vocabulary Intervention for Third-Grade Students with Reading Difficulties

In this experimental study, we examined the effects of a technology-mediated intervention to improve students’ understanding of academic vocabulary and its impact on measures of vocabulary and comp...
Lower extremity vascular injuries caused by firearms have a higher risk of amputation and death compared with non-firearm penetrating trauma.

Abstract Objective Firearm injuries have traditionally been associated with worse outcomes compared with other types of penetrating trauma. Lower extremity trauma with vascular injury is a common presentation at many centers. Our goal was to compare firearm and non-firearm lower extremity penetrating injuries requiring vascular repair. Methods We analyzed the National Inpatient Sample from 2010 to 2014 for all penetrating lower extremity injuries requiring vascular repair based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Our primary outcomes were in-hospital lower extremity amputation and death. Results We identified 19,494 patients with lower extremity penetrating injuries requiring vascular repair—15,727 (80.7%) firearm injuries and 3767 (19.3%) non-firearm injuries. The majority of patients were male (91%), and intent was most often assault/legal intervention (64.3%). In all penetrating injuries requiring vascular repair, the majority (72.9%) had an arterial injury and 43.8% had a venous injury. Location of vascular injury included iliac (19.3%), femoral-popliteal (60%), and tibial (13.2%) vascular segments. Interventions included direct vascular repair (52.1%), ligation (22.1%), bypass (19.4%), and endovascular procedures (3.6%). Patients with firearm injuries were more frequently younger, black, male, and on Medicaid, with lower household income, intent of assault or legal action, and two most severe injuries in the same body region (P Conclusions Firearm injury is associated with a higher rate of amputation and mortality compared with non-firearm injuries of the lower extremity requiring vascular repair. These data can continue to guide public health discussions about morbidity and mortality from firearm injury.
TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT IMPROVES MITRAL VALVE REGURGITATION AND PATIENT OUTCOMES

Limited data are available regarding impact of mitral valve regurgitation (MR) on patient outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). In this study, we investigated the impact of TAVR on improvement of MR and patient outcomes. Patients who underwent TAVR from March 2012 to
CO Oxidation Mechanisms on CoOx-Pt Thin Films.

The reaction of CO and O2 with submonolayer and multilayer CoOx films on Pt(111), to produce CO2, was investigated at room temperature in the mTorr pressure regime. Using operando ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high pressure scanning tunneling microscopy, as well as density functional theory calculations, we found that the presence of oxygen vacancies in partially oxidized CoOx films significantly enhances the CO oxidation activity to form CO2 upon exposure to mTorr pressures of CO at room temperature. In contrast, CoO films without O-vacancies are much less active for CO2 formation at RT, and CO only adsorbed in the form of carbonate species that are stable up to 260 °C. On submonolayer CoOx islands, the carbonates form preferentially at island edges, deactivating the edge sites for CO2 formation, even while the reaction proceeds inside the islands. These results provide a detailed understanding of CO oxidation pathways on systems where noble metals such as Pt interact with reducible oxides.
6 – Characteristic function

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the general properties of a characteristic function. An important tool in the study of r.v.'s and their p.m.'s or d.f.'s is the characteristic function (ch.f.). In analysis, the ch.f. is known as the Fourier–Stieltjes transform of μ or F. It can also be defined over a wider class of μ or F and, furthermore, be considered as a function of a complex variable t, under certain conditions that ensure the existence of the integrals. This extension is important in some application. The binary operation of convolution * is commutative and associative. For the corresponding binary operation of addition of independent r.v.'s has these two properties. The convolution of two probability density functions p1 and p2 is defined to be the probability density function. The convolution of two absolutely continuous d.f.'s with densities p1 and p2 is absolutely continuous with density p1* p2.
Kinetic Study of Noncatalytic Dissolution of Cellulose Biochar in Hydrogen Donor Solvent

Biochar was produced from cellulose by hydrothermal carbonization at 220 and 300 °C. The produced biochars were subjected to dissolution in hydrogen donor solvent (tetralin) at 400 °C for 1 h. To u...
Doing Inclusive Design: From GenderMag in the Trenches to Inclusive Mag in the Research Lab

How can user interface and user experience (UI/UX) professionals assess whether their software supports diverse users? And if they find problems, how can they fix them? We begin this keynote address with a summary of GenderMag, a systematic inspection method for finding and fixing "gender inclusivity bugs---biases against different genders in software interfaces and workflows. We then show what UI/UX professionals are doing with it in the real world, from their bias finds & fixes to their practices & pitfalls in using it. Finally, we present InclusiveMag, a meta-method that can be used by HCI researchers to generate systematic inclusiveness methods for other dimensions of diversity.
Chapter 1 – The Development of Piezoelectric Materials and the New Perspective

Certain materials produce electric charges on their surfaces as a consequence of applying mechanical stress. The induced charges are proportional to the mechanical stress. This is called the direct piezoelectric effect and was discovered in quartz by Pierre and Jacques Curie in 1880. Materials showing this phenomenon also conversely have a geometric strain proportional to an applied electric field. This is the converse piezoelectric effect, discovered by Gabriel Lippmann in 1881. This article first reviews the historical episodes of piezoelectric materials in the sequence of quartz, Rochelle salt, barium titanate, PZT, lithium niobate/tantalate, relaxor ferroelectrics, PVDF, Pb-free piezoelectrics, and composites. Then, the detailed performances are described in the following section, which is the introduction to each chapter included in this book. Third, since piezoelectricity is utilized extensively in the fabrication of various devices such as transducers, sensors, actuators, surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices , frequency control, etc., applications of piezoelectric materials are also introduced briefly in conjunction with materials. The author hopes that the reader can “learn the history aiming at creating new perspective for the future in the piezoelectric materials.”
Assessing Variations in Juvenile Court Processing in Urban Versus Rural Courts: Revisiting “Justice by Geography”:

Drawing on Feld’s (1991) “justice by geography” thesis, we examined whether juvenile court outcomes and case-level influences on those outcomes varied across urban and rural courts. Using a sample ...
Effects of circulatory arrest and cardiopulmonary bypass on cerebral autoregulation in neonatal swine

Background Cerebral autoregulation mechanisms help maintain adequate cerebral blood flow (CBF) despite changes in cerebral perfusion pressure. Impairment of cerebral autoregulation, during and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), may increase risk of neurologic injury in neonates undergoing surgery. In this study, alterations of cerebral autoregulation were assessed in a neonatal swine model probing four perfusion strategies. Methods Neonatal swine (n = 25) were randomized to continuous deep hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (DH-CPB, n = 7), deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA, n = 7), selective cerebral perfusion (SCP, n = 7) at deep hypothermia, or normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (control, n = 4). The correlation coefficient (LDx) between laser Doppler measurements of CBF and mean arterial blood pressure was computed at initiation and conclusion of CPB. Alterations in cerebral autoregulation were assessed by the change between initial and final LDx measurements. Results Cerebral autoregulation became more impaired (LDx increased) in piglets that underwent DH-CPB (initial LDx: median 0.15, IQR [0.03, 0.26]; final: 0.45, [0.27, 0.74]; p = 0.02). LDx was not altered in those undergoing DHCA (p > 0.99) or SCP (p = 0.13). These differences were not explained by other risk factors. Conclusions In a validated swine model of cardiac surgery, DH-CPB had a significant effect on cerebral autoregulation, whereas DHCA and SCP did not. Impact Approximately half of the patients who survive neonatal heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) experience neurodevelopmental delays. This preclinical investigation takes steps to elucidate and isolate potential perioperative risk factors of neurologic injury, such as impairment of cerebral autoregulation, associated with cardiac surgical procedures involving CPB. We demonstrate a method to characterize cerebral autoregulation during CPB pump flow changes in a neonatal swine model of cardiac surgery. Cerebral autoregulation was not altered in piglets that underwent deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) or selective cerebral perfusion (SCP), but it was altered in piglets that underwent deep hypothermic CBP.
Sequential Logic Encryption Against Model Checking Attack

Due to high IC design costs and emergence of countless untrusted foundries, logic encryption has been taken into consideration more than ever. In state-of-the-art logic encryption works, a lot of performance is sold to guarantee security against both the SAT-based and the removal attacks. However, the SAT-based attack cannot decrypt the sequential circuits if the scan chain is protected or if the unreachable states encryption is adopted. Instead, these security schemes can be defeated by the model checking attack that searches iteratively for different input sequences to put the activated IC to the desired reachable state. In this paper, we propose a practical logic encryption approach to defend against the model checking attack on sequential circuits. The robustness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by experiments on around fifty benchmarks.
The ZO-1 protein Polychaetoid as an upstream regulator of the Hippo pathway in Drosophila

The generation of a diversity of photoreceptor (PR) subtypes with different spectral sensitivities is essential for color vision in animals. In the Drosophila eye, the Hippo pathway has been implicated in blue- and green-sensitive PR subtype fate specification. Specifically, Hippo pathway activation promotes green-sensitive PR fate at the expense of blue-sensitive PRs. Here, using a sensitized triple heterozygote-based genetic screening approach, we report the identification of the single Drosophila zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein Polychaetoid (Pyd) as a new regulator of the Hippo pathway during the blue- and green-sensitive PR subtype binary fate choice. We demonstrate that Pyd acts upstream of the core components and the upstream regulator Pez in the Hippo pathway. Furthermore, We found that Pyd represses the activity of Su(dx), a E3 ligase that negatively regulates Pez and can physically interact with Pyd, during PR subtype fate specification. Together, our results identify a new mechanism underlying the Hippo signaling pathway in post-mitotic neuronal fate specification.
Effects of Flooding on Susceptibility of Taxodium distichum L. Seedlings to Drought

Responses of baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) seedlings to soil moisture were studied to test the hypothesis that flooding may lead to seedling's higher susceptibility to drought. Treatments included a well-watered but drained control (C), continuously flooded (CF), control followed by drought (CD), and flooded followed by drought (FD). Gas exchange values revealed no significant effects on net photosynthetic rate (PN) in response to flooding. In contrast, after the onset of drought, PN was significantly reduced in CD and FD plants. Significant growth reductions under mild drought conditions indicated that baldcypress seedlings were drought sensitive. However, comparison of gas exchange rates and growth responses between CD and FD plants indicated that prior flooding had no detectable effect on subsequent sensitivity of baldcypress to drought. These findings explain baldcypress persistence in wetland habitats characterized by periodic flooding and mild drought.
Oxidative Phosphorylation in Fractionated Bacterial Systems XXII. THE EFFECT OF NEAR ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION ON THE SUCCINATE OXIDASE PATHWAY OF MYCOBACTERIUM PHLEI

Abstract The succinate oxidase activity of Mycobacterium phlei was sensitive to irradiation with light at 360 mµ. The loss of activity was due to a lesion occurring in the electron transport chain between the flavoprotein and cytochrome b regions. The activity lost was not restored by addition of vitamin K1 or other cofactors but could be restored by the addition of the supernatant fraction. The factor responsible for the restoration of the succinate chain has been purified. It was sensitive to heat and irradiation and appeared to be protein in nature. It activated both oxidation and phosphorylation in irradiated particulate systems. The proteins which restored the two activities could not be separated.
Evaluation of the photometric perturbations in close binary systems

In the present study the photometric perturbations arising from the mututal tides of the two components in a close binary system are calculated and discussed. The evaluation is made for each star separately as well as for both stars together in the case of occulation eclipses terminating in totality.
The Mathematical Foundation fo Symbolic Trajectory Evaluation

In this paper we elucidate the mathematical foundation underlying both the basic and the extended forms of symbolic trajectory evaluation (STE), with emphasis on the latter. The specific technical contributions we make to the theory of STE are threefold. First, we provide a satisfactory answer to the question: what does it mean for a circuit to satisfy a trajectory assertion? Second, we make the observation that STE is a form of data flow analysis and, as a corollary, propose a conceptually simple algorithm for extended STE. Third, we show that the theory of abstract interpretation based on Galois connections is the appropriate framework in which to understand STE.
Understanding Disputes In Online Auctions

While much attention has been given to reputation mechanisms to deter fraudulent behavior in online auctions, we know little about the nature of disputes or the types of problems that users face. This is an exploratory analysis of 129 disputes for six different types of products that were sold on eBay. In the descriptive and multinomial analysis, we find eight different types of disputes including poor quality, slow shipping, seller withdrawal, failure to ship the product, fraud, poor communications, misunderstanding, and non-paying bidders. Of these the most common types of disputes were poor communications, non-paying bidders and item quality. In the most serious disputes of fraud and no shipment where the seller is at fault the reputation ratings are much lower than the ratings for other disputes related to sellers. Similarly for buyers, the reputation ratings for the most serious disputes of non-paying bidders are considerably lower than those of other types of disputes related to buyers. This implies that analysis of reputation ratings is of some value in reducing the probability of dispute. Of the types of payments methods in eBay auctions personal checks show the greatest number of disputes. Auction sites may wish to discourage sellers from accepting this type of payment.
Feelings, Fantasies, and Memories: An Examination of the Emotional Components of Nostalgia

Abstract The article reports the results of a study designed to examine directly the emotional components of nostalgia. Written descriptions of 164 nostalgic experiences provided by 62 individuals were judged in terms of the emotions experienced by the subjects. The resulting ratings were used to assess the emotional content of the descriptions. The ratings were standardized and analyzed using principal components analysis and multiple regression analysis to understand the emotions that differentiate levels of nostalgic intensity. The results reveal the complexity of the emotions elicited in nostalgic experience. Positive emotions such as warmth, joy, affection, and gratitude are linked with sadness and desire to produce a mixed affective response. The article ends with a discussion of implications for marketing and advertising and with suggestions for future research.
Vibrational spectra of transition metal hexafluoride crystals.: III. Exciton band structures of MoF6, WF6 and UF6☆

Abstract In this final paper in the series we present the overall vibrational band structure of MF6 crystals based on the previously discussed two-particle, heavily doped mixed crystal, and neat crystal data, in addition to dilute mixed crystal studies. Calculations of ν2 and νs bands based on a quadrupole-quadrupole intermolecular interaction model are determined to be in substantial agreement with the observations. The ν1 bands are discussed in detail for a series of concentration studies and it is possible to demonstrate that MoF6 and WF6 conform to the ideal mixed crystal model whereas crystals containing UF6 do not. A consistent picture of gas-to-crystal shifts, resonance interactions, band shapes and structures, densities of exciton states, Fermi resonance, and simple multipolar interaction models emerges from these studies.
Infrequent Reservoir‐Related Complications of Urologic Prosthetics: A Case Series and Literature Review

Introduction and Aim Complications related to inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) and artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) reservoirs are rare, potentially life threatening, and poorly described in the literature. As more devices are implanted, the incidence of reservoir‐related complications may increase, and it will be important to recognize the relevant signs and symptoms.
VecMeter: Measuring Vectorization on the Xeon Phi

Wide vector units in Intel's Xeon Phi accelerator cards can significantly boost application performance when used effectively. However, there is a lack of performance tools that provide programmers accurate information about the level of vectorization in their codes. This paper presents VecMeter, an easy-to-use tool to measure vectorization on the Xeon Phi. VecMeter utilizes binary instrumentation and therefore does not require source code modifications. This paper describes the design of VecMeter, demonstrates its accuracy, defines a metric for quantifying vectorization, and provides an example where the tool can guide code optimization to improve performance by up to 33%.
Outcomes of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy Managed by Telephone vs In-Office Visits in an Anticoagulation Clinic Setting

Background Anticoagulation management by a dedicated anticoagulation clinic improves patient outcomes compared to routine medical care. Telephone-based anticoagulation management has been described but has not been compared to management with traditional office-based visits. The objective of this study was to compare warfarin-related monitoring outcomes, clinical end points, and the use of health-care resources as a result of warfarin-related complications in anticoagulation clinic patients whose management was conducted by telephone or in-office-based visits. Setting Two university-affiliated anticoagulation clinics in Seattle, WA, and Chicago, IL. Methods A retrospective, observational cohort design was used to investigate anticoagulation clinic patients who were managed by telephone encounters compared to those managed during face-to-face in-office encounters. Results A total of 234 patients were evaluated; 117 patients managed by telephone were compared to 117 patients managed in office-based clinic visits. Monitoring outcomes (ie, time in therapeutic range and clinic visits per patient-year) were similar between groups. Differences in major bleeding (5.67% vs 5.62% per patient-year, respectively) and thromboembolic events (1.42% vs 2.81% per patient-year, respectively) between telephone-managed and face-to-face-managed patients did not reach statistical significance. The same was true for differences in the frequency of emergency department visits and hospital admissions to manage complications of warfarin therapy. Conclusions Telephone-based management of oral anticoagulation through a pharmacist-staffed anticoagulation clinic yielded clinical outcomes that were at least as favorable as those associated with traditional office-based visits. Telephone follow-up can be successfully used to manage warfarin therapy in patients who are unable to present in person to an anticoagulation clinic.
Historicizing Pedagogy: A Critique of Kostof's A History of Architecture

Abstract This paper is concerned with the practical problem of shaping a “History of Architecture” in a way that expands the dominant canon while acknowledging the complex and difficult realities of articulating difference. Through a critical analysis of Spiro Kostof's A History of Architecture and an exposition of the shortcomings of Kostof's attempts to discuss “alternative” histories, this paper investigates how architectural history textbooks could play an important role in initiating a broader, critical teaching of history.
Growth Hormone Treatment: Cancer Risk

There have been concerns that growth hormone (GH) therapy may be associated with an increased risk of cancer. Although data are limited and conflicting, one recent report on cancer risk in individuals with no cancer history or risk factors for cancer who were treated with pituitary GH demonstrated a small increased risk of colon cancer and deaths from colon cancer and Hodgkin disease. The data from cancer survivors have consistently shown no increased risk of recurrence of the primary tumor in survivors of all tumor types who are treated with GH. One recent study did show a small increased risk of second solid tumors in survivors previously treated with GH. Limited data suggest that GH therapy is not associated with excess cancer risk in individuals with Langerhans cell histiocytosis and neurofibromatosis type 1. Overall, the clinical data are reassuring, but continued surveillance is mandatory.
Wholly thermoplastic composites from woven preforms based on nylon‐11 fibers reinforced in situ with a hydroquinone‐based liquid crystalline polyester

This work concerns a novel means to generate wholly thermoplastic composites based on low-melting thermoplastics reinforced with high-melting thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (TLCPs). A novel dual extrusion process was employed to generate nylon-11 fibers that are reinforced with continuous fibrils of a hydroquinone-based liquid crystalline polyester (DuPont TLCP, HX8000). These composite fibers display tensile properties significantly higher than those predicted by composite theory. These fibers were subsequently woven into a fabric, which in turn serves as a composite preform. Several layers of the fabric preform were stacked and consolidated to yield a composite plaque. The consolidation was carried out at temperatures just high enough for nylon-11 to melt, but well below the melting temperature of HX8000. Fabric preform composites based on the composite fibers with ∼35 wt% HX8000 gave modulus values close to five and one half times that of nylon-11, and strength values approximately two and one half times that of nylon-11. The tensile and flexural properties of these composites are superior to continuous glass-fiber reinforced composites at comparable loadings on a volume basis. Moreover, as the reinforcing fibrils are already encapsulated by the matrix, fiber wetting and fabric impregnation issues that are critical in the fabrication of continuous glass and carbon fiber composites are eliminated.
Streamlined pentafluorophenylpropyl column liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry and global 13C-labeled internal standards improve performance for quantitative metabolomics in bacteria

Streamlined quantitative metabolomics in central metabolism of bacteria would be greatly facilitated by a high-efficiency liquid chromatography (LC) method in conjunction with accurate quantitation. To achieve this goal, a methodology for LC-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) involving a pentafluorophenylpropyl (PFPP) column and culture-derived global (13)C-labeled internal standards (I.Ss.) has been developed and compared to hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-MS/MS and published combined two-dimensional gas chromatography and LC methods. All 50 tested metabolite standards from 5 classes (amino acids, carboxylic acids, nucleotides, acyl-CoAs and sugar phosphates) displayed good chromatographic separation and sensitivity on the PFPP column. In addition, many important critical pairs such as isomers/isobars (e.g. isoleucine/leucine, methylsuccinic acid/ethylmalonic acid and malonyl-CoA/3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA) and metabolites of similar structure (e.g. malate/fumarate) were resolved better on the PFPP than on the HILIC column. Compared to only one (13)C-labeled I.S., the addition of global (13)C-labeled I.Ss. improved quantitative linearity and accuracy. PFPP-MS/MS with global (13)C-labeled I.Ss. allowed the absolute quantitation of 42 metabolite pool sizes in Methylobacterium extorquens AM1. A comparison of metabolite level changes published previously for ethylamine (C2) versus succinate (C4) cultures of M. extorquens AM1 indicated a good consistency with the data obtained by PFPP-MS/MS, suggesting this single approach has the capability of providing comprehensive metabolite profiling similar to the combination of methods. The more accurate quantification obtained by this method forms a fundamental basis for flux measurements and can be used for metabolism modeling in bacteria in future studies.
Economic effects of implementing selected components of best management practices (BMPs) for semi‐intensive shrimp farms in Honduras

Abstract Shrimp farming has grown rapidly in Central America over the last two decades to become one of the leading sources of foreign exchange in countries such as Honduras. The shrimp industry has been accused of creating negative environmental and social externalities. An economic optimization model was used in this analysis to evaluate the effects of five selected Best Management Practices (BMPs) on farm profitability, selection of optimal management strategies, and the corresponding quantities of net nutrient discharge from semi‐intensive shrimp farms in Honduras. Practices evaluated were: 1) reduction of water exchange rates from 10 to 5%; 2) establishment of pre‐determined nutrient discharge limits; 3) use of feed trays to avoid excess feed applications; 4) construction of settling basins for treatment of the last 10% of drainage effluents; and 5) use of mangrove biofilters for effluent treatment. Management practices targeted at improving production efficiency (reductions in water exchange rates a...
Structural and steric specificity of α-chloroketones as inhibitors of α-chymotrypsin☆

Abstract 1. 1. Compounds of the general formula where R 2  C 6 H 5 CH 2 , CH 3 , R 1 ′  CH 3 C 6 H 4 , C 6 H 5 , CH 3  and R 1  H, CH 3 , have been synthesised and evaluated as inhibitors of α-chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.4.5). Results indicate that the structural specificity of the inhibitors parallels that of specific substrates of similar structure. l -1-Tosylamido-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone ( l -TPCK) (R 2  C 6 H 5 CH 2 , R 1 ′  CH 3 C 6 H 4  and R 1  H) reacts at a faster rate than dl -1-methanesulphonylamido-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone ( dl -MPCK) (R 2  C 6 H 5 CH 2 , R 1 ′  CH 3  and R 1  H). The rate of inactivation with dl -MPCK at pH 7.15 is approx. 250 times faster than with d - or l -1-benzenesulphonylamidoethyl chloromethyl ketone ( d - or l -BECK) (R 2  CH 3 , R 1 ′  C 6 H 5  and R 1  H). d -TPCK is not an inhibitor, and the N -methyl derivative of d and l -TPCK ( d - and l -methyl-TPCK ) (R 1  CH 3 ) were too insoluble and were not evaluated as inhibitors. 2. 2. There is evidence for equilibrium complex formation prior to alkylation: the K I values (in 10% acetonitrile, v/v) for dl -MPCK at pH 6.15 and d - and l -BECK at pH 7.15 are 14.9, 32 and 29 mM, respectively. 3. 3. The nature of the interaction of these inhibitors with the complementary “loci” of the enzyme active site has been explored through their effect on the H 2 O 2 oxidation of methionine-192. l -TPCK at concentrations of 0.575 and 0.97 mM at pH 4.45 has no effect either on the rate or extent of oxidation of the methionine. Similar results are obtained with l -BECK at concentrations of 3.5 and 7.0 mM at pH 7.05; though at these concentrations the compound is a competitive inhibitor of the α-chymotrypsin-catalysed hydrolysis of N- acetyl- l -tyrosine ethyl ester. 4. 4. It is proposed that l -BECK interacts only with that part of the active site which does not include the hydrophobic region.