cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human T Cells Are Highly Sensitive to Suppression of Mitogenesis by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and This Effect Is Differentially Reversed by α-Naphthoflavone

The immunosuppressive effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on immune responses in rodents, both in vivo and in vitro, have been widely documented. However, few studies have addressed the immunotoxicity of PAHs in the human system. In this report, we examined the toxic effects of nine different PAHs on human peripheral blood T cell mitogenesis. We found that benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC), and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) were highly immunotoxic in the human system, while dibenz(a,c)anthracene (DAC) and dibenz(a,h)anthracene (DAH) were of intermediate toxicity, 9,10-dimethylanthracene (DMA), benzo(e)pyrene (BeP), and benz(a)anthracene (BA) were mildly immunotoxic, and anthracene (ANTH) had no measureable toxicity at the concentrations tested. Our results using human lymphocytes differed from previous studies in rodents, in that BaP and 3-MC were the most immunotoxic PAHs in the human mitogenesis assay, while DMBA has long been regarded as the PAH that is most potently toxic to rodent T cell responses. We also showed that alpha-naphthoflavone (ANF), which functions as both an Ah receptor antagonist and an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 activity, was able to block the suppressive effects of both BaP and DMBA, but not 3-MC. This suggests that the immunotoxicity of 3-MC may be mediated through a different mechanism than BaP or DMBA. Addition of four different BaP metabolites directly to cultures of human mononuclear cells showed that the 7,8-dihydrodiol metabolite was the most toxic, and that this toxicity could be completely blocked by equimolar and 10-fold greater concentrations of ANF. The 7,8-dihydrodiol metabolite was probably further metabolized to the 7,8-diol epoxide, the toxicity of which could not be effectively reversed by ANF. The 4,5-epoxide metabolite was apparently cytotoxic at high concentrations (10 microM), while the 7-hydroxy metabolite had no overtly negative effects on proliferation.
BEHAVIOR OF METALLIC INCLUSIONS IN URANIUM DIOXIDE

LBL-11816 Preprint Submitted to Nuclear Technology BEHAVIOR OF METALLIC INCLUSIONS IN URANIUM DIOXIDE Rosa L. Yang and D.R. Olander TWO-WEEK LOAN COPY March 1981 This is a Library Circulating Copy which may be borrowed for two weeks. For a personal retention copy, call Tech. Info. Diu is ion, Ext. 6782 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract W-7405-ENG-48
A Survey of Sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Virginia Vineyards, a Region of Expanding Concern for Pierce's Disease

Abstract A survey was conducted during the 2006 and 2007 growing seasons to record the presence of sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) vectors of Pierce's disease in Vitis vinifera L. growing regions of Virginia. Oncometopia orbona (F.) and Graphocephala versuta (Say) were consistently trapped in all regions and throughout each growing season, the latter trapped in the highest number. Peak flight of both species occurred early in the season, the time of greatest concern for introduction of infection. Peak flight of O. orbona occurred earlier than that of G. versuta. Homalodisca insolita (Walker) was trapped in the Coastal Plain of Virginia; this is the most northern record of this species to date.
Opportunities and Challenges of Rural Women in Agricultural Production

In agriculture about half of the labour force is being accounted for by females. Females in agriculture households assist the farmers in fields as well as in household activities. As female participation in agriculture production has been under-estimated the unpaid labour must be closely integrated into general analysis of labour. In addition to being domestic labour, women contribute to the agricultural labour force and also act as reserves for the job market. Women are overburdened and this is detrimental to the health status of women. In the present paper an attempt has been made to assess the contribution, challenges and recommendations of rural women in agricultural production. Rural women are the major contributors in agriculture and its allied fields. Her work ranges from crop production, livestock production to cottage industry. From household and family maintenance activities, to transporting water, fuel and fodder. Despite such a huge involvement, her role and dignity has yet not been recognized. Women’s status is low by all social, economic, and political indicators. Women spend long hours fetching water, doing laundry, preparing food, and carrying out agricultural duties. Not only are these tasks physically hard and demanding, they also rob girls of the opportunity to study. The nature and sphere of women’s productivity in the labour market is largely determined by socio-cultural and economic factors. Women do not enter the labour market on equal terms when compared to men. Finally it is concluded that the rural women are exploited by land lords for their personal good and enrichment. Women are treated as sub-servant or personal property. In this regard government must formulate policies to enhance their skills and their work should be counted in economic indicators.
Analysis on Coordinated Control of Under-Excitation Limiter of Generator Excitation Regulator

The reason of weakening system damping due to inappropriate setting of under excitation limiter(UEL) was analyzed,and it was pointed out that the component of electromagnetic torque provided by UEL,which was lagged behind Δω by 180° in the direction of Δω,and the improper matching of the acting frequency band of UEL with power system stabilizer(PSS) were the main reason leading to the weakening of unit damping;and using simulation software PSS/E and Matlab a user defined model of excitation control system for single-machine infinite-bus system was built and the results of theoretical analysis were verified by simulation results.It was further proved by simulation results that when negative damping torque was provided by UEL,the smaller the slope of stability curve of under-excitation and the lower the acting frequency band of UEL,the better the time-domain dynamic response of the excitation system would be.
Epideictic rhetoric and baseball: Nurturing community through controversy

The strategic management of public controversies has typically been understood to be the rhetorical domain of judicial and deliberative discourse, but anathema to epideictic. This paper, however, explores the role of epideictic rhetoric in the public controversy surrounding the lifetime ban of Pete Rose from the game of baseball. The author analyzes a press statement delivered by Major League Baseball Commissioner A. Bartlett Giamatti as a powerful example of epideictic rhetoric, one that served various functions for Giamatti and his audience. The author concludes that Giamattis’ statement to the press should not be seen as merely a “report” on a legal issue, but rather an eloquent and successful exercise in the rhetorical nurturance of community through public controversy.
Incidence And Risk Factors For 30-Day Readmissions After Hip Fracture Surgery.

Unplanned hospital readmission following orthopedic procedures results in significant expenditures for the Medicare population. In order to reduce expenditures, hospital readmission has become an important quality metric for Medicare patients. The purpose of the present study is to determine the incidence and risk factors for 30-day readmissions after hip fracture surgery.Patients over the age of 18 years who underwent hip fracture surgery, including open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), intramedullary nailing, hemi-arthroplasty, or total hip arthroplasty, between the years 2012 and 2013 were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Overall, 17,765 patients were identified. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed in order to determine patient and surgical factors associated with 30-day readmission.There were 1503 patients (8.4%) readmitted within 30-days of their index procedure. Of the patients with a reason listed for readmission, 27.4% were for procedurally related reasons, including wound complications (16%), peri-prosthetic fractures (4.5%) and prosthetic dislocations (6%). 72.6% of readmissions were for medical reasons, including sepsis (7%), pneumonia (14%), urinary tract infection (6.3%), myocardial infarction (2.7%), renal failure (2.7%), and stroke (2.3%). In the subsequent multivariate analysis, pre-operative dyspnea, COPD, hypertension, disseminated cancer, a bleeding disorder, pre-operative hematocrit of 1.2, an ASA class of 3 or 4, and the operative procedure type were each independently associated with readmissions risk (p<0.05 for each).The overall rate of readmission following hip fracture surgery was moderate. Surgeons should consider discharge optimization in the at risk cohorts identified here, particularly patients with multiple medical comorbidities or an elevated ASA class, and should focus on wound complications and fall risks in order to minimize readmissions. Further, quality-reporting metrics should account for the risk factors identified here, in order to prevent penalties against surgeons who take on complex patients.
Secure control of networked cyber-physical systems

For networked cyber-physical systems to proliferate, it is important to ensure that the resulting control system is secure. We consider a physical plant, abstracted as a single-input-single-output stochastic linear dynamical system, in which a sensor node can exhibit malicious behavior. A malicious sensor may report false or distorted sensor measurements. For such compromised systems, we propose a technique which ensures that malicious sensor nodes cannot introduce any significant distortion without being detected. The crux of our technique consists of the actuator node superimposing a random signal, whose realization is unknown to the sensor, on the control law-specified input. We show that in spite of a background of process noise, the above method can detect the presence of malicious nodes. Specifically, we establish that by injecting an arbitrarily small amount of such random excitation into the system, one can ensure that either the malicious sensor is detected, or it is restricted to add distortion that is only of zero-power to the noise entering the system. The proposed technique is potentially usable in applications such as smart grids, intelligent transportation, and process control.
Effects of crude protein level and degradability of limited creep-feeding supplements on performance of beef cow-calf pairs grazing limpograss pastures

Abstract Two experiments evaluated the growth performance of cow-calf pairs offered limited creep-feeding supplementation (Exp. 1) and creep-feeding supplements with different crude protein degradability (Exp. 2). In Exps. 1 and 2, Brangus crossbred cow-calf pairs ( Bos sp.; 24 and 16 pairs, respectively) were randomly assigned into 1 of 8 limpograss pastures (3 and 2 cow-calf pairs/pasture, respectively). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures (4 pastures/treatment) and consisted of: (Exp. 1) no creep-feeding supplementation ( Control ) or daily limit creep-feeding supplementation ( Creep ; 0.40 kg/d of soybean meal) for 84 d; and (Exp. 2) daily limited creep-feeding supplementation of 0.40 kg/d of soybean meal ( SBM ; 35% RUP) or 0.40 kg/d of cooker-expeller processed SBM ( SP ; SoyPLUS, West Central, Ralston, IA; 60% RUP) for 112 d. In both experiments, creep-feed supplements were provided daily at 0800 h in cow-exclusion areas. Body weight of cows and calves were assessed monthly, following 16 h of feed and water withdrawal, whereas cow BCS was determined at the start and end of the study. In both experiments, herbage mass (HM) and hand plucked forage samples for nutritive value analysis were obtained at 14-d intervals from May to August (Exp. 1) and May to September (Exp. 2). Effects of treatment and treatment×time ( P ≥0.16) were not detected for HM, herbage allowance, in vitro digestible organic matter, and crude protein in both experiments. In Exp. 1, limited creep-feeding supplementation increased calf overall average daily gain (ADG, P =0.0005), but not cow growth ( P ≥0.19). In Exp. 2, effects of protein degradability were not detected for calf and cow growth performance ( P ≥0.14). In summary, limit creep-feeding supplementation of 0.40 kg/d of soybean meal for 83 d addressed weather-induced calf nutritional deficiencies and increased calf growth grazing limpograss pastures, without affecting cow growth performance and forage responses. In addition, increasing supplemental RUP consumption from 67 to 115 g/d was not sufficient to impact limpograss herbage mass, nutritional composition, and growth performance of cows and calves.
E-cigs . . . Are They Cool? Talking to Teens About E-Cigarettes.

Electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes as they are commonly called, have gained wide acceptance among adolescents, especially those with sweet flavors such as bubble gum and cheesecake. Although he...
Patterns of Change in Facial Skeletal Aging.

ImportanceResearch in facial aging has focused on soft-tissue changes rather than bony changes despite evidence of the importance of underlying bony structural changes. Research has also been limit...
Noninvasive Substitution of K+ Sites in Cyclodextrin Metal–Organic Frameworks by Li+ Ions

Co-crystallization of K+ and Li+ ions with γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) has been shown to substitute the K+ ion sites partially by Li+ ions, while retaining the structural integrity and accessible porosity of CD-MOF-1 (MOF, metal–organic framework). A series of experiments, in which the K+/Li+ ratio was varied with respect to that of γ-CD, have been conducted in order to achieve the highest possible proportion of Li+ ions in the framework. Attempts to obtain a CD-MOF containing only Li+ ions resulted in nonporous materials. The structural occupancy on the part of the Li+ ions in the new CD-MOF has been confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis by determining the vacancies of K+-ion sites and accounting for the cation/γ-CD ratio in CD-MOF-1. The proportion of Li+ ions has also been confirmed by elemental analysis, whereas powder X-ray diffraction has established the stability of the extended framework. This noninvasive synthetic approach to generating mixed-metal CD-MOFs is a promising method for obtaining porou...
Highly Variable Genomic Landscape of Endogenous Retroviruses in the C57BL/6J Inbred Strain, Depending on Individual Mouse, Gender, Organ Type, and Organ Location

Transposable repetitive elements, named the “TREome,” represent ~40% of the mouse genome. We postulate that the germ line genome undergoes temporal and spatial diversification into somatic genomes in conjunction with the TREome activity. C57BL/6J inbred mice were subjected to genomic landscape analyses using a TREome probe from murine leukemia virus-type endogenous retroviruses (MLV-ERVs). None shared the same MLV-ERV landscape within each comparison group: (1) sperm and 18 tissues from one mouse, (2) six brain compartments from two females, (3) spleen and thymus samples from four age groups, (4) three spatial tissue sets from two females, and (5) kidney and liver samples from three females and three males. Interestingly, males had more genomic MLV-ERV copies than females; moreover, only in the males, the kidneys had higher MLV-ERV copies than the livers. Perhaps, the mouse-, gender-, and tissue/cell-dependent MLV-ERV landscapes are linked to the individual-specific and dynamic phenotypes of the C57BL/6J inbred population.
Compromised regulation of the collecting duct ENaC activity in mice lacking AT1a receptor

ENaC-mediated sodium reabsorption in the collecting duct (CD) is a critical determinant of urinary sodium excretion. Existing evidence suggest direct stimulatory actions of Angiotensin II (Ang II) on ENaC in the CD, independently of the aldosterone-mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) signaling. Deletion of the major renal AT1 receptor isoform, AT1a R, decreases blood pressure and reduces ENaC abundance despite elevated aldosterone levels. The mechanism of this insufficient compensation is not known. Here, we used patch clamp electrophysiology in freshly isolated split-opened CDs to investigate how AT1a R dysfunction compromises functional ENaC activity and its regulation by dietary salt intake. Ang II had no effect on ENaC activity in CDs from AT1a R -/- mice suggesting no complementary contribution of AT2 receptors. We next found that AT1a R deficient mice had lower ENaC activity when fed with low (<0.01% Na+ ) and regular (0.32% Na+ ) but not with high (∼2% Na+ ) salt diet, when compared to the respective values obtained in Wild type (WT) animals. Inhibition of AT1 R with losartan in wild-type animals reproduces the effects of genetic ablation of AT1a R on ENaC activity arguing against contribution of developmental factors. Interestingly, manipulation with aldosterone-MR signaling via deoxycosterone acetate (DOCA) and spironolactone had much reduced influence on ENaC activity upon AT1a R deletion. Consistently, AT1a R -/- mice have a markedly diminished MR abundance in cytosol. Overall, we conclude that AT1a R deficiency elicits a complex inhibitory effect on ENaC activity by attenuating ENaC Po and precluding adequate compensation via aldosterone cascade due to decreased MR availability.
Robotic-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: The Technique

Robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) using the da Vinci® surgical platform has become very popular in recent years, accounting for over 70 % of all radical prostatectomies performed in the United States in 2008 [1, 2]. Its postulated advantages over the conventional open approach include better intraoperative dexterity and visualization of periprostatic tissue architecture with up to 12-fold optical magnification for the surgeon, while patients experience less intraoperative blood loss, less painful recovery, and shorter hospital stays [3]. However, despite innovations in surgical techniques, surgeons are still faced with the daily dilemma of balancing complete cancer clearance while striving for potency preservation during surgery. In several series, 20–50 % of patients still remain impotent at 1 year following nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy (RP) [4–6].
Influence of Psoralen and Ultraviolet Therapy on Platelet Function and Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Patients with Vitiligo

Shortwave ultraviolet light (UVC; 200-290 nm) can cause irreversible aggregation in stirred samples of human platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Patients with vitiligo are commonly treated with oral psoralen and longwave ultraviolet light (UVA; 320-400 nm) to induce repigmentation. The effect of this treatment on platelet function has not been evaluated. In the present study, we evaluated platelet function in eight patients with vitiligo, one of whom was receiving oral psoralen and UVA treatment (PUVA). Platelets from the seven nontreated patients with vitiligo aggregated normally with all agents. The platelets of the patient who was receiving PUVA therapy did not aggregate to the addition of arachidonate (0.45 mM; AA), but did aggregate after exposure to collagen (3 μg/ml) and a combination of epinephrine (5 μM) and AA. In vitro studies showed that exposure of platelets to 8-methoxsalen (0.5 mM) blocked arachidonate-induced aggregation. All patients’ cells converted 14C-arachidonic acid through the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways to eicosanoid products as efficiently as control cells. Platelet prostaglandin synthesis, AA metabolism, and aggregation were also studied from two patients with nontreated vitiligo before ingestion of 20 mg of oxsoralen (8-MOP), 2 hours after psoralen ingestion, and immediately following the administration of UVA radiation. No significant changes in arachidonate-induced activation or prostaglandin synthesis were found. The results of our study demonstrate that (a) platelets from patients exposed to PUVA therapy do not show any alterations in arachidonate-induced activation or prostaglandin synthesis; and (b) PUVA therapy is associated with the induction of a specific refractory state to arachidonate by an unknown mechanism.
In-Situ Etching and Molecular Beam Epitaxial Regrowth for Templated Sidewall Quantum Wires

We report on the capabilities of in-situ processing methods and their importance in the creation of nanostructure devices. Using gas etching and Molecular Beam Epitaxial (MBE) regrowth, we demonstrate extremely low regrowth interface trap densities of 3×1010 cm-2. We use edge-emitting laser diodes to measure a very low interface recombination velocity of 3000 cm/s. As a demonstration of the potential of these methods, we describe the growth of quantum wires in an etched, sidewall template.
2.07 – Large Estuaries (Effects of Rotation)

The effects of bathymetry and Earth’s rotation on tidal, wind-driven, and density-driven flows are described on the basis of analytical, numerical, and observational results. Interactions among density-driven with tidally driven and wind-driven flows are also depicted. Illustrations of such interactions center on whether the lateral structure of exchange flows is vertically sheared or laterally sheared. The main message of the discussion is that the dynamical depth of a basin determines the lateral structure. Another relevant point is that the dynamical width matters, too.
Pelvic Floor Damage Due to Childbirth: Introduction

There is ample scientific evidence that the vaginal childbirth process is associated with neuromuscular and soft tissue injuries to the pelvic floor that are associated with the development of anal and urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. There is little ongoing debate about these findings, and the focus has been on risk factor assessment and injury-reducing interventions. As would seem natural, the concept of offering all pregnant women an elective cesarean section at term has been the focus of many recent debates and publications. A large clinical trial is probably not needed to document the benefits of prophylactic cesarean section on the pelvic floor — and women are in general very accepting of this proposal, if for no other reason than the practicality of a scheduled cesarean. Indeed, the availability of modern anesthetic techniques, accurate gestational age assessment, and minimization of morbidity associated with cesarean section make an obstetric management protocol of 100% cesarean section rate a feasible and acceptable proposal.
Law and Socio-Economics in Legal Education

The objective of this Article is to provide an introduction to law and socio-economics ("LSOC") in legal education. LSOC studies the interrelationship between law and economic/social processes. It is interdisciplinary, drawing on a number of disciplines, such as psychology, sociology, anthropology, political science, and economics. It encompasses diverse perspectives, which include a number of schools of economic thought, such as behavioral, neo-institutional, feminist, binary, traditional institutional, and post-Keynesian economics. This Article discusses aspects of neoclassical economics with which some heterodox approaches (within the LSOC umbrella) disagree. Particular attention is given to traditional institutional economics (hereinafter "institutional economics") which differs on many dimensions from neoclassical economics. Part I of this Article gives an overview of the LSOC approach mainly from an institutional economic perspective and compares this LSOC approach with neoclassical economics in terms of their views of markets and economics as a discipline. Part II is devoted to LSOC and human behavior and provides an overview of the different methodologies and perceptions of human behavior utilized in neoclassical economics and LSOC. Part III gives examples of two LSOC approaches drawing on institutional and feminist economics.
Spatially Coherent Interlayer Exciton Lasing in an Atomically-Thin Heterostructure

We demonstrate lasing in WSe 2 -MoSe 2 heterostructure integrated in a silicon nitride grating cavity. Signatures of lasing include sharp increase in spatial coherence and super-linear increase in the emission intensity as photon number increases above unity. © 2019 The Author(s)
Evolutionary Conservation of Thyroid Hormone Receptor and Deiodinase Expression Dynamics in ovo in a Direct-Developing Frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui.

Direct development is a reproductive mode in amphibians that has evolved independently from the ancestral biphasic life history in at least a dozen anuran lineages. Most direct-developing frogs, including the Puerto Rican coqui, Eleutherodactylus coqui, lack a free-living aquatic larva and instead hatch from terrestrial eggs as miniature adults. Their embryonic development includes the transient formation of many larval-specific features and the formation of adult-specific features that typically form postembryonically-during metamorphosis-in indirect-developing frogs. We found that pre-hatching developmental patterns of thyroid hormone receptors alpha (thra) and beta (thrb) and deiodinases type II (dio2) and type III (dio3) mRNAs in E. coqui limb and tail are conserved relative to those seen during metamorphosis in indirect-developing frogs. Additionally, thra, thrb, and dio2 mRNAs are expressed in the limb before formation of the embryonic thyroid gland. Liquid-chromatography mass-spectrometry revealed that maternally derived thyroid hormone is present throughout early embryogenesis, including stages of digit formation that occur prior to the increase in embryonically produced thyroid hormone. Eleutherodactylus coqui embryos take up much less 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) from the environment compared with X. tropicalis tadpoles. However, E. coqui tissue explants mount robust and direct gene expression responses to exogenous T3 similar to those seen in metamorphosing species. The presence of key components of the thyroid axis in the limb and the ability of limb tissue to respond to T3 suggest that thyroid hormone-mediated limb development may begin prior to thyroid gland formation. Thyroid hormone-dependent limb development and tail resorption characteristic of metamorphosis in indirect-developing anurans are evolutionarily conserved, but they occur instead in ovo in E. coqui.
pH-Controlled Chiral Packing and Self-Assembly of a Coumarin Tetrapeptide.

A coumarin–tetrapeptide conjugate, EFEK(DAC)–NH2 (1), is reported to undergo a pH-dependent interconversion between nanotubes and nanoribbons. An examination of zeta potential measurements, circula...
Effects of small tidal volume and positive end-expiratory pressure on oxygenation in pressure-controlled ventilation-volume guaranteed mode during one-lung ventilation

Introduction The purpose of this study was to investigate whether tidal volume (TV) of 8 mL/kg without positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and TV of 6 mL/kg with or without PEEP in pressure-controlled, ventilation-volume guaranteed (PCV-VG) mode can maintain arterial oxygenation and decrease inspiratory airway pressure effectively during one-lung ventilation (OLV). Methods The study enrolled 27 patients undergoing thoracic surgery. All patients were ventilated with PCV-VG mode. During OLV, patients were initially ventilated with TV 8 mL/kg (group TV8) without PEEP. Ventilation was subsequently changed to TV 6 mL/kg with PEEP (5 cmH2O; group TV6+PEEP) or without (group TV6) in random sequence. Peak inspiratory pressure (Ppeak), mean airway pressure (Pmean), and arterial blood gas analysis were measured 30 min after changing ventilator settings. Ventilation was then changed once more to add or eliminate PEEP (5 cmH2O), while maintaining TV 6 mL/kg. Thirty min after changing ventilator settings, the same parameters were measured once more. Results The Ppeak was significantly lower in group TV6 (19.3±3.3 cmH2O) than in group TV8 (21.8±3.1 cmH2O) and group TV6+PEEP (20.1±3.4 cmH2O). PaO2 was significantly higher in group TV8 (242.5±111.4 mmHg) than in group TV6 (202.1±101.3 mmHg) (P = 0.044). There was no significant difference in PaO2 between group TV8 and group TV6+PEEP (226.8±121.1 mmHg). However, three patients in group TV6 were dropped from the study because PaO2 was lower than 80 mmHg after ventilation. Discussion It is postulated that TV 8 mL/kg without PEEP or TV 6 mL/kg with 5 cmH2O PEEP in PCV-VG mode during OLV can safely maintain adequate oxygenation.
Mothers’ Experiences With Infant Co-Occupations After NICU Discharge

Date Presented 04/04/19 This qualitative pilot study used an interpretative phenomenological design to examine mothers’ reported challenges and supports in performing the co-occupation of caregiving for their preterm infants upon discharge from the NICU. There are several implications for future OT practice, particularly as it relates to supporting maternal facilitation of infant play and sleep occupations and easing the transition from NICU to home during the first few weeks postdischarge. Primary Author and Speaker: Allison Smith Additional Authors and Speakers: Megan Karpf, Molly Jow, Morgan Jardon, Tiffany Yu, Brianca Hutchins
Longitudinal distribution of uncommon fishes in a species‐rich basin

The spatial organization of fishes in a river system was investigated to evaluate the longitudinal distribution of uncommon species. It was anticipated that overall richness of the fish community would increase in a downstream direction together with habitat extent, but that more uncommon species would occur upstream owing to greater heterogeneity among sites. Fish were collected between 1995 and 2014 at 85 sites distributed throughout the Duck River Basin, Tennessee, USA. A site usually consisted of four habitat types: riffles, runs, pools and shoreline. Each habitat type was sampled with a multipass electrofishing protocol. In all, 136 native fish species were collected. Of these, 71% were classified as uncommon but represented only 16% of the total count of fish collected. As expected, overall species richness increased downstream, but contrary to expectation, uncommon species did too. Some uncommon species were restricted exclusively to tributaries and headwaters, some to tributaries and mainstem, many to mainstem only, but the largest fraction of uncommon species occurred throughout the basin, but even this last group increased in richness downstream. Conservation often focuses on uncommon species. This study suggests that a greater number of uncommon species can be conserved with an emphasis on large downstream reaches, which not only include more aquatic habitat to support larger concentrations of fish, but also shelter the uncommon species that tend to require the most protection.
UV light and temperature induced fluridone degradation in water and sediment and potential transport into aquifer

Abstract Fluridone is widely used in ambient water bodies to control the spread of invasive aquatic plants. While the ability of fluridone to control aquatic weeds such as water hyacinth is well reported, an improved understanding of fluridone persistence in water and sediment is still needed to determine potential residues of fluridone in the water column and bed sediment of ambient water bodies. In this study, experiments were conducted over a three-month period to examine the degradation of fluridone in saturated sediment and water under various levels of UV-light (0–1000 μW/cm2), and temperature (4–40 °C). Results showed a large decrease in the half-life of fluridone in water with increasing UV light intensity, but in saturated sediment the impact of UV light exposure on fluridone degradation was minimal. At low temperature (4 °C), the degradation of fluridone in both water and sediment was minimal. At elevated temperature (20–40 °C), fluridone degradation was increased in water and sediment. Additionally, the persistence of fluridone in sediment was reduced by increasing sand content in the sediment matrix. Possible fluridone transport through the subsurface was estimated over a range of initial concentrations, groundwater velocities, fluridone half-lives, and fluridone sorption coefficients which may be seen in a field environment. A form of the Ogata-Banks equation which accounts for 1st order decay was used for describing the dispersion of fluridone, while a related equation from Bear, 1979 was utilized to quantify advection. In all tested scenarios, maximum transport was less than 10 m over one month of observation. Results of this study will improve our existing understanding of fluridone persistence and in water and sediment.
Numerical simulation of high-efficiency, scalable, all-back-contact Cd(Se,Te) solar cells

All-back-contact thin-film photovoltaic devices in lattice back contact (LBC) configuration are studied by device simulation to set the requirements for achieving efficiency > 20 % with lateral contact spacing > 50 μm. The numerical device model is first validated against published data for an LBC perovskite device and extended to predict the performance of Cd(Se,Te)-based polycrystalline devices. Recent advances in the electronic properties of Cd(Se,Te) films have made high efficiency LBC devices feasible with industrially scalable contact dimensions. Constraints on bulk, interface, and contact properties are quantified and discussed.
The Meaning of German Romanticism for the Philosopher

In 1941, when A.O. Lovejoy addressed the meaning of Romanticism for the historian of ideas, he lamented the trouble with coming to clarity regarding this term. In answering the question, “what is the meaning of Romanticism,” Lovejoy wrote, “one’s answer would express a judgment about what chiefly makes the historical thing called ‘Romanticism’ if there is any such thing—‘important’ what aspect or what effects of it are most noteworthy or momentous.” In the past decades, any doubt concerning whether Romanticism exists has vanished, and more and more work has illuminated its enduring importance not only for literary scholars but also for philosophers and historians of science. With this volume, I seek to offer a broad picture of early German Romanticism and of its philosophical importance. The volume is dedicated to a careful investigation of the meaning of early German Romanticism/Fruhromantik for philosophers. Investigation into the meaning of Romanticism for philosophers has been an ongoing one for me. In 2005, upon the invitation of my colleague David Pellauer, I prepared a review article for Philosophy Today in order to explore what I dubbed “The Revival of Fruhromantik in the Anglophone World.” Since 2005, the revival has continued, indeed morphed into a kind of romantic renaissance, and the volume of scholarly work on the philosophical dimensions of early German Romanticism has increased in exciting new directions. One of the main aims of the Palgrave Handbook of German Romantic Philosophy is to provide advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and scholars in philosophy, intellectual history, literature, science, and the arts a comprehensive view of German Romanticism, one that will enable new connections to be made between the fields of philosophy, literature, history, and science.
From Poet to Publisher: Reading Gwendolyn Brooks by Design

This chapter compares the design of Gwendolyn Brooks’s poetry collections across three different publishers: Harper & Brothers, Third World Press and David, her own press. It will argue that Brooks engaged in a decades-long project of figuring out how she wanted to have her poetry read and who she imagined her primary audience to be. Brooks’s move from the white literary establishment to a black-owned small press, and then from there to her own publishing venture, allows a comparison of the ‘same’ poems in different design contexts and with different readerships in mind.
ART^2 : Coupling Lyman-alpha Line and Multi-wavelength Continuum Radiative Transfer

Narrow-band Lya line and broad-band continuum have played important roles in the discovery of high-redshift galaxies in recent years. Hence, it is crucial to study the radiative transfer of both Lya and continuum photons in the context of galaxy formation and evolution in order to understand the nature of distant galaxies. Here, we present a three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer code, All-wavelength Radiative Transfer with Adaptive Refinement Tree (ART^2), which couples Lya line and multi-wavelength continuum, for the study of panchromatic properties of galaxies and interstellar medium. This code is based on the original version of Li et al., and features three essential modules: continuum emission from X-ray to radio, Lya emission from both recombination and collisional excitation, and ionization of neutral hydrogen. The coupling of these three modules, together with an adaptive refinement grid, enables a self-consistent and accurate calculation of the Lya properties. As an example, we apply ART^2 to a cosmological simulation that includes both star formation and black hole growth, and study in detail a sample of massive galaxies at redshifts z=3.1 - 10.2. We find that these galaxies are Lya emitters (LAEs), whose Lya emission traces the dense gas region, and that their Lya lines show a shape characteristic of gas inflow. Furthermore, the Lya properties, including photon escape fraction, emergent luminosity, and equivalent width, change with time and environment. Our results suggest that LAEs evolve with redshift, and that early LAEs such as the most distant one detected at z ~ 8.6 may be dwarf galaxies with a high star formation rate fueled by infall of cold gas, and a low Lya escape fraction.
Do not interrupt me if it makes me feel something – Study of the effect of the pleasantness of interruptions on performance

Abstract Introduction Interruptions are mostly related to negative outcomes and researchers already found that the complexity or the length of interruptions modulate their deleterious effect on performance. However, none of them investigated the effect of the pleasantness of interruptions. Objective The objective of the study is to evaluate the impact of the pleasantness on both the correct completion of the interrupting task and the time required to resume the primary task. Method We designed a realistic email searching primary task during which 46 participants were either not interrupted or interrupted by a simple math addition task during which a positive or a negative picture was progressively revealed. We then asked participants how pleasant they found the interrupting task and investigated the effects of perceived pleasantness both on the interrupting task and on resuming the primary task. Results Results showed that performance on the interrupting task was worst and the time to resume the primary task was longer when participants found the task very pleasant or very unpleasant. Performance in both tasks was the best when participants gave intermediate pleasantness judgments. The findings were independent of the valence and arousal of the pictures used to manipulate task pleasantness. Conclusion These results are discussed in light of empirical studies assessing the deleterious effects of emotions on cognition, and practical implications are proposed.
HIM-17 regulates the position of recombination events and GSP-1/2 localization to establish short arm identity on bivalents in meiosis

The position of recombination events established along chromosomes in early prophase I and the chromosome remodeling that takes place in late prophase I are intrinsically linked steps of meiosis that need to be tightly regulated to ensure accurate chromosome segregation and haploid gamete formation. Here, we show that RAD-51 foci, which form at the sites of programmed meiotic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), exhibit a biased distribution toward off-centered positions along the chromosomes in wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans, and we identify two meiotic roles for chromatin-associated protein HIM-17 that ensure normal chromosome remodeling in late prophase I. During early prophase I, HIM-17 regulates the distribution of DSB-dependent RAD-51 foci and crossovers on chromosomes, which is critical for the formation of distinct chromosome subdomains (short and long arms of the bivalents) later during chromosome remodeling. During late prophase I, HIM-17 promotes the normal expression and localization of protein phosphatases GSP-1/2 to the surface of the bivalent chromosomes and may promote GSP-1 phosphorylation, thereby antagonizing Aurora B kinase AIR-2 loading on the long arms and preventing premature loss of sister chromatid cohesion. We propose that HIM-17 plays distinct roles at different stages during meiotic progression that converge to promote normal chromosome remodeling and accurate chromosome segregation.
Wealth Fluctuations and Risk Preferences: Evidence from U.S. Investor Portfolios

Using data on the portfolio holdings and income of millions of U.S. retirement investors, I find that positive and persistent shocks to income lead to a significant increase in the equity share of investor portfolios, while increases in financial wealth due to realized returns lead to a small decline in the equity share. In a standard homothetic life-cycle model with human capital and constant risk aversion, the portfolio responses to these two wealth shocks should be of equal magnitude and opposite sign. The positive net effect in the data is evidence for risk aversion that decreases in total wealth. I estimate a structural life-cycle consumption and portfolio choice model that accounts for inertia in portfolio rebalancing and matches the reduced-form estimates with a significant degree of non-homotheticity in risk preferences, such that a 10% permanent income growth leads to an average decrease in risk aversion by 1.7%. Decreasing relative risk aversion preferences concentrate equity in the hands of the wealthy and double the share of wealth at the top of the wealth distribution.
Feedback Capacity of ISI MIMO Channel with Colored Noise

We consider the problem of power constrained noiseless feedback capacity of single user MIMO ISI channel with colored noise. We generalize the approach in [1] by allowing non-minimum phase zeros and delays in the channel. When we consider the noise process which is non-minimum phase, we run into internal stability issues when we use the state-space approach while it is implicit in the frequency-domain characterization. Considering this issue, we focus on the state-space characterization and formulate the problem as a convex optimization problem. Through a numerical example, we demonstrate that delays in the channel hampers the gain in feedback capacity and consequently for large delays it approaches feedforward capacity.
The Role of EUS in Pancreatic Cancer

Several advances in diagnosis, treatment and palliation of pancreatic cancer have occurred in the last decade. A multidisciplinary approach of the management of pancreatic cancer is required. Cross sectional imaging is usually the first imaging modality for diagnosis and staging. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) with its superiority in detecting smaller lesions, lymph node metastasis, and vascular infiltration has become the next imaging modality. The adjunction of fine needle aspiration to EUS, with its relatively low risk profile, has increased the accuracy of this technique and helped differentiate pancreatic adenocarcinoma from other pancreatic neoplasms which may influence treatment as well as prognosis. Finally, EUS-FNA allows the performance of celiac plexus neurolysis for unremitting pain in these patients.
Endocrine Hyperfunctioning Tumors

Radiologic imaging tests for suspected endocrine hyperfunctioning tumors of the pancreas are usually performed to localize a lesion rather than to prove its existence. This is due to the fact that these lesions produce specific symptoms, and therefore the clinical presentation, together with the laboratory tests, is diagnostic of the disease. The role of radiologic imaging lies in determining the exact location of the neoplasm within the pancreas and/or outside of the pancreas in cases with ectopic locations. Multiple imaging techniques can be employed for detecting these lesions as they are often quite small. We shall describe the various techniques available in the armamentarium of imaging tests for assessing these rare lesions and outline the specific features as well as the results with each one. Finally, we shall assess the effectiveness and role of imaging for these hyperfunctioning pancreatic tumors.
Effects of a muscle‐infecting parasitic nematode on the locomotor performance of their fish host

The southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma, host to the nematode Philometroides paralichthydis that is embedded in place of the inclinator muscles of the dorsal and anal fin elements, is hypothesized to impair two aspects of locomotor performance (swimming and burying capacity). Peak swimming acceleration and both measures of burying performance did not differ between infected and uninfected fish, whereas swimming velocity of infected fish was significantly lower than that of uninfected fish. Smaller infected fish swam at significantly slower speeds than smaller uninfected fish, whereas there was no difference among larger fish. Neither the location nor the number of worms affected either swimming or burying performance. The decrease in swimming velocity observed in smaller infected fish may be sufficient in rendering them more vulnerable to predation and environmental stressors.
Application of Intrawound Vancomycin Powder during Spine Surgery in a Patient with Dialysis-Dependent Renal Failure

Surgical site infections (SSIs) after spinal surgery are a serious complication that can be minimized with prophylaxis. Vancomycin is a common agent used in the prevention of SSI. Given that vancomycin is renally cleared, its use requires careful observation in dialysis-dependent patients due to toxicity at supratherapeutic levels. Since minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for vancomycin have increased due to the emergence of resistant pathogens, the use of vancomycin in such patients is further complicated. Local instillation of vancomycin powder is thought to provide additional protection against SSI and have lower systemic absorption. We present a patient with end-stage renal disease that developed progressively debilitating cervical spondylotic myelopathy necessitating multilevel laminectomy and instrumented fusion. Prior to closure, 1 gram of vancomycin powder was sprinkled into the surgical incision. Postoperative serum vancomycin levels were well below those associated with nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Based on this experience, we reviewed the relevant guidelines that were designed to prevent postoperative infections in such dialysis-dependent patients. Intrawound application of vancomycin may be a legitimate and safe option for SSI prophylaxis in patients with renal failure on dialysis.
Dynamics of a Ferromagnetic Suspension System

A theoretical model for the study of nonlinear dynamics of a ferromagnetic suspension system is presented. The system analyzed consists of a single electromagnet, a suspended mass, and a control system to maintain the mass in a levitated position. The system, studied as a paradigm for a rotational magnetic bearing, can be described by a set of three first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations. First, the well-known, open-loop instability is confirmed and then, it is shown that the closed-loop suspension system with a full-state feedback controller possesses interesting properties. In particular, it is shown that the system cannot be stable without velocity feedback and that the controller introduces an additional equilibrium point in the state space which is unstable.
The tourism entrepreneur: The overlooked player in tourism development studies

Abstract A community's quantity and quality of supply of tourism entrepreneurs significantly determines the magnitude and form of its touristscape because the tourism entrepreneur is the persona causa of tourism development. Unfortunately, the tourism literature lacks coverage of the tourism entrepreneur. This paper proposes a definition and typology of the tourism entrepreneur including a framework to increase the supply of indigenous tourism entrepreneurs.