cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Demonstratives and Definite Articles as Nominal Auxiliaries

Written in the cartographic tradition, this monograph is concerned with the inner structure and derivation of noun phrases. It proposes that demonstratives and definite articles are similar to auxiliaries in the clause. Referencing mostly Germanic languages, the book argues that determiners are base generated below adjectives and subsequently move to the left periphery in a successive-cyclic fashion. Demonstrating that determiners are complex elements, it is proposed that languages vary with regard to when and what part of the determiner they move. This provides a novel account of the variation in the Scandinavian noun phrase. With various copies left behind by moving the determiner, the restrictive and non-restrictive readings of adjectives and relative clauses are suggested to follow from the interpretation of these different copies. The system is extended to the strong and weak adjective inflections in German. Proposing that determiners are auxiliaries in the nominal domain explains these apparently unrelated data in a uniform way.
Automatic detection of QRS complexes in ECG signals collected from patients after cardiac surgery.

A novel automatic QRS detection algorithm that is based on a wavelet pre-filter and an adaptive threshold technique is presented. The algorithm utilizes a bi-orthogonal wavelet filter to de-noise the ECG signal. The QRS complexes are then identified by computing the first derivative of the signal and applying a set of adaptive thresholds that are not limited to a strict range. QRS complexes are identified in multiple ECG channels of a 5-lead configuration and an inter- channel comparison is performed to verify QRS locations. The algorithm was initially developed using ECG signals from Physionet website, but was later refined using ECG data collected from post cardiac surgery patients in the intensive care units. The proposed algorithm was able to detect QRS complexes with high sensitivity (>99%) and specificity (>99%) when compared to the algorithm used in Physionet ECG database. Additionally, the new algorithm can be implemented in real-time and can successfully detect QRS complexes for a wide variety of ECG shapes and characteristics often encountered in cardiac patients.
'Victimless Crime' Takes on a New Meaning: Did California's Victims' Rights Amendment Eliminate the Right to Be Recognized as a Victim?

In 2008, California voters passed Proposition 9, the Victim's Bill of Rights Act of 2008 ("Marsy's Law"), thereby amending the California Constitution. Marsy's Law has been described as "significantly reform[ing] California's criminal justice system." Supporters see Marsy's Law as a possible model for victims' rights amendments elsewhere, including a potential amendment to the US Constitution.The definition of "victim" within Marsy's Law, arguably the most fundamental aspect of this constitutional amendment, has been criticized in passing in the Berkeley Journal of Criminal Law as "somewhat ambiguous" such that it "may therefore be difficult for courts to interpret." The article foresaw litigation over the definitional section of Marsy's Law, but unfortunately it provided no detailed analysis of the purported ambiguities. Meanwhile, others have argued that the definitional section of Marsy's Law created a "strange world" with perverse results, including that "some crime victims are no longer crime victims." It has been stated that this victims' rights law "[c]uriously...appears at first glance to narrow the scope of victims' rights."This article provides the first in-depth academic analysis of the definitions section of Marsy's Law. Based on the language of the text, the purpose of the amendment, and parallel language in other victims' rights laws, this article argues that the definition of "victim" is both clear and without "perverse results." Nevertheless, to avoid any potential ambiguity or difficulties in interpretaiton, this article also provides model language to be used in future victims' rights amendments. This proposed language accomplishes the same purposes as the Marsy's Law definitions while also avoiding any purported ambiguities.
Endovascular Treatment of Ruptured Infrarenal Aortic and Iliac Aneurysms

Standard surgical treatment for ruptured abdominal aortoiliac aneurysms (AAAs) has achieved some dramatic individual results but is generally associated with substantial morbidity and an in-hospital mortality which ranges from 35-70% (1-8). Recent efforts to improve these poor results have not changed this bleak outlook significantly. Since 1994, we have evaluated the possibility that endovascular grafts coupled with other interventional techniques might help to improve the treatment outcomes of ruptured AAAs (9). Although we first used these grafts and techniques in a selected group of high-risk patients in whom pretreatment computerized tomographic (CT) scans could be obtained, we presently believe that they should be applied more widely to treat most patients with ruptured AAAs. The present chapter describes our experience to date with the use of endovascular grafts and other catheter-based techniques to treat ruptured AAAs. Obstacles to use of endovascular grafts in the ruptured aneurysm setting
Ammonia Hydrogen Carrier for Fuel Cell Based Transportation

Hydrogen is the preferred fuel for low-temperature fuel cells that are envisioned by some for future transportation. A pure hydrogen supply is technically challenging, presently uneconomical, energetically costly and dangerous in many respects. The use of hydrogen carriers, hydrogen-rich chemicals is supposed to overcome these impediments. Among the several possible hydrogen carriers [1], ammonia is an interesting candidate that has benefited from some research in the 1960s and recently for fuel cells [2 - 26], internal combustion engines [3,27 - 35] and gas turbines [36,37]. This paper summarizes the past research on ammonia as a hydrogen carrier for fuel cell based transportation. The physical and chemical properties, the production, the storage, the safety aspects, and the on-board processing of ammonia are summarized. Deriving from this review, the place of ammonia in fuel cell based transportation is analyzed. The type of transportation system most likely to accommodate ammonia's limitations and to benefit the most from its advantages is specifically discussed.
Dominant Culture and Making Heritage Happen: The Building of an Interpretive Trail in British Columbia's Slocan Valley

AbstractIn this paper, I analyse an interpretive trail as an example of a volunteer-led heritage project that calls upon the authorized heritage discourse (), but is not reducible to it. Through a detailed history of the trail's development and interviews with key figures in the local initiative to create the Slocan Valley Rail Trail, I re-examine claims about the role of ordinary rural Euro-Canadians in perpetuating dominant historical epistemologies. I find that constructing an interpretive trail required engagement with dominant culture institutions (government agencies, non-profits, and corporations) for years before any interpretive material was ever developed, suggesting a degree of alignment with authority is necessary. And yet, this locally driven project had an important degree of autonomy in generating the content of the interpretive signage. Ultimately, volunteer-led heritage projects present an important site of local leveraging of authorized heritage and potentially the telling of histories t...
A photoaffinity scan maps regions of the p85 SH2 domain involved in phosphoprotein binding

Src homology 2 (SH2) domains are modular phosphotyrosine binding pockets found within a wide variety of cytoplasmic signaling molecules. Here we develop a new approach to analyzing protein-protein interfaces termed photoaffinity scanning, and apply the method to map regions of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85 SH2 domain that participate in phospho-protein binding. Each residue except phosphotyrosine (pY) within a tightly binding, IRS-1-derived phosphopeptide (GNGDpYMPMSPKS) was substituted with the photoactive amino acid, benzoylphenylalanine (Bpa). Whereas most substitutions had little effect on binding affinity, Bpa substitution of either Met (+1 and +3 with respect to pY) reduced affinity 50-100-fold to confirm their importance in the pYMXM recognition motif. In three cases photolysis of SH2 domain/Bpa phosphopeptide complexes led to cross-linking of > 50% of the SH2 domain; cross-link positions were identified by microsequence, amino acid composition, and electrospray mass spectrometric analyses. Bpa-1 cross-links within alpha-helix I, whereas Bpa+1 and Bpa+4 cross-link the SH2 domain within the flexible loop C-terminal to alpha-helix II. Moreover, cross-linking at any position prevents SH2 domain cleavage at a trypsin-sensitive site within the flexible loop between beta-strands 1 and 2. Therefore, at least three distinct SH2 regions in addition to the beta-sheet participate in phosphoprotein binding; the loop cross-linked by phosphopeptide residues C-terminal to pY appears to confer specificity to the phosphoprotein/SH2 domain interaction.
Some performance aspects of glass fiber insulation on the outside of basement walls

This paper reviews the technical aspects of one particular insulation system concept where a rigid fibrous insulation is placed outside the basement wall and thus contributes to both thermal and moisture control of the building structure. The following properties of mineral fiberboards are discussed: drainage characteristics of the material and water retention after the drainage process, thermal resisitance, compressive strength, and elastic and irreversible deformations. All these properties are affected by the aging process of the material. Effects of various aging conditions simulated in the laboratory are compared with deterioration of the material exposed for 5 or 6 years in soils and on an experimental roof deck. Findings of Scandinavian and Canadian research are presented.
LMI-based reduced-order observers for some discrete nonlinear systems

Stabilization of a nonlinear system by the use of state estimate feedback when the state variables are not available for measurement, has been an important research topic in control theory. In the paper, a reduced-order observer design is presented for a class of discrete time nonlinear systems. This is motivated by its potential use in dynamic feedback control of this class of discrete-time nonlinear systems in the presence of disturbances. These disturbances are assumed to be of finite energy type in this paper. The system model is a generalization of the discrete counterpart of the one in Thau (1974). We consider the LMI-based design of reduced-order observers for this model which will guarantee boundedness of a quadratic function of the estimation error or the boundedness of its energy.
Searching a UV-Visible Spectral Library

A UV-visible spectral library has been generated after the spectra have been preprocessed with a Fourier analysis. Both the library and unknown spectra are Fourier transformed and are represented by a window of coefficients from the transforms. In order that the optimum window for the coefficients could be determined, synthetic spectra were generated and used to test the effects of band shifts, high-frequency noise, and background fluctuations. Spectra of 24 compounds, many of which were very similar, were measured and processed from 200 to 712 nm. Eight of the samples were treated as unknowns and their spectra remeasured. The arc-cosine of the dot product was used as the similarity metric. All eight of the unknowns were correctly identified with the use of as few as 16 coefficients to represent the spectra. Since many of the spectra were very similar, the success of the algorithm is due to the fact that it incorporates wavelengths and band shapes, widths, and heights into the comparison process.
Some observations on psilocybin, a new hallucinogen, in volunteer subjects.

Summary Fourteen paid volunteers, sereened by clinical interviews, received Psilocybin orally over a dosage range of 8 to 36 mg. The perceptual, affective, cognitive, behavioral and autonomic responses observed were qualitatively similar to those previously described with d-LSD-25, but quantitatively, a greater impairment of cognition with Psilocybin was noted which may have been related to dosage or personality differences. EEG findings in four out of eight subjects were similar to those previously reported with d-LSD-25 and mescaline. The use of psychotomimetic drugs as therapeutic agents in an out-patient setting may prove potentially hazardous. Acute states of excitement, depression with suicidal ideation and impairment of judgment may occur with these drugs even in the most carefully supervised in-patient setting. With out-patients, the danger of self-administration and inadequate supervision could compound such occurrences. Further research is indicated regarding the site of action of hallucinogens, the relationship between personality, dosage level and total behavioral pattern, and the possible prognostic value of such drugs in assessing ego strength in specific individuals.
Retinal vessel segmentation on SLO image

A scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) image, taken from optical coherence tomography (OCT), usually has lower global/local contrast and more noise compared to the traditional retinal photograph, which makes the vessel segmentation challenging work. A hybrid algorithm is proposed to efficiently solve these problems by fusing several designed methods, taking the advantages of each method and reducing the error measurements. The algorithm has several steps consisting of image preprocessing, thresholding probe and weighted fusing. Four different methods are first designed to transform the SLO image into feature response images by taking different combinations of matched filter, contrast enhancement and mathematical morphology operators. A thresholding probe algorithm is then applied on those response images to obtain four vessel maps. Weighted majority opinion is used to fuse these vessel maps and generate a final vessel map. The experimental results showed that the proposed hybrid algorithm could successfully segment the blood vessels on SLO images, by detecting the major and small vessels and suppressing the noises. The algorithm showed substantial potential in various clinical applications. The use of this method can be also extended to medical image registration based on blood vessel location.
Transient Air/Fuel Ratio Controller Identification Using Repetitive Control

Presented in this paper is a feedforward controller identification process for the transient fueling control of spark ignition (SI) engines. The objective of an SI fueling control system is to guarantee a prespecified air-fuel (A/F) ratio, despite changing driver demands commanded through the throttle. The controller identification process is based on standard system identification tools and is comprised of three steps. The first step involves the design and implementation of a repetitive feedback controller. Next, the engine is subjected to a prespecified periodic throttle motion for which the repetitive controller achieves precise A/F control as t→∞. Finally, using the engine speed, the mass air flow, and the fuel pulsewidth information during precise fueling conditions, the feedforward fueling controller is identified using standard parametric system identification tools. This identification process can be performed during engine warm-up, thereby enabling a rapid determination of the fueling requirements as a function of temperature. Experimental validation is provided on a 1999 Ford 4.6L V-8 fuel injected engine with sequential port injection.
Parallel matrix multiplication on networked microcomputers

Abstract We present methods for utilizing parallel processing capability of the idle microcomputers on a local area network to perform computationally intensive operations frequently encountered in linear algebra. By making use of the data communication properties of the network, parallel algorithms for multiplication of large matrices have been designed and implemented. The techniques presented in this paper can be used to obtain efficient implementations of basic linear algebra subroutines.
Pyruvate carboxylase from Mycobacterium smegmatis: stabilization, rapid purification, molecular and biochemical characterization and regulation of the cellular level

This is the first report on the purification and characterization of an anaplerotic enzyme from a Mycobacterium. The anaplerotic reactions play important roles in the biochemical differentiation of mycobacteria into non-replicating stages. We have purified and characterized a pyruvate carboxylase (PYC) from Mycobacterium smegmatis and cloned and sequenced its gene. We have developed a very rapid and efficient purification protocol that provided PYC with very high specific activities (up to 150 U/mg) that remained essentially unchanged over a month. The enzyme was found to be a homomultimer of 121 kDa subunits, mildly thermophilic, absolutely dependent on acyl-CoAs for activity and inhibited by ADP, by excess Mg(2+), Co(2+), and Mn(2+), by aspartate, but not by glutamate and alpha-ketoglutarate. Supplementation of minimal growth medium with aspartate did not lower the cellular PYC level, rather doubled it; with glutamate the level remained unchanged. These observations would not fit the idea that the M. smegmatis enzyme fulfills a straightforward anaplerotic function; in a closely related organism, Corynebacterium glutamicum, PYC is the major anaplerotic enzyme. Growth on glucose provided 2-fold higher cellular PYC level than that observed with glycerol. The PYCs of M. smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were highly homologous to each other. In M. smegmatis, M. tuberculosis and M. lepra, pyc was flanked by a putative methylase and a putative integral membrane protein genes in an identical operon-like arrangement. Thus, M. smegmatis could serve as a model for studying PYC-related physiological aspects of mycobacteria. Also, the ease of purification and the extraordinary stability could make the M. smegmatis enzyme a model for studying the structure-function relationships of PYCs in general. It should be noted that no crystal structure is available for this enzyme of paramount importance in all three domains of life, archaea, bacteria, and eukarya.
The asymptotic average degree of an augmented polynomial

In this paper we consider the augmentation of an arbitrary convolutional code-generating polynomial in order to obtain a reversible code. It is shown that for a polynomial of large degree, the average degree of the augmented polynomial is nearly twice that of the original polynomial, the average being taken over the usual ensemble of codes.
Volatiles release from photodegrading, pigmented PVC: Kinetic changes

Volatile species produced during the ultraviolet irradiation of a rigid, poly(vinyl chloride) construction panel have been established as a function of irradiation time. Residual organic and chloroorganic compounds were detected in the polymer surface after irradiation. Similar species are also directly released during irradiation. In both cases, these were identified and quantified by gas chromatography, with mass spectrometry detection. Rates of volatilisation of organic and chloroorganic compounds were measured directly during accelerated exposure conditions and dropped sharply with irradiation time. This drop may be attributable to the cross-linking of the irradiated surface which becomes chlorine deficient and rich in titanium dioxide pigment (rutile). In contrast, samples exposed to sunlight did not undergo surface cross-linking but did thermally desorb volatiles similar to laboratory exposed samples.
THE INFLUENCE OF COSTS ON PERSISTENCE BY TRADITIONAL COLLEGE‐AGE STUDENTS IN COMMUNITY COLLEGES

The impact of costs and cost subsidies (grants, loans, and work study) on persistence by community college students has never been separately examined. This study uses the National Postsecondary Student Aid Survey of 1986‐87 to assess the impact of tuition charges and the amount of student aid awarded on persistence by traditional college‐age students enrolled in community colleges. Its findings include: 1) Traditional college‐age community college students are highly responsive to tuition charges; and 2) available grant dollars are not sufficient to mitigate the negative influence of tuition on persistence.
The Fermion Mass Scale and Possible Effects of Higgs Bosons on Experimental Observables

We consider a conventional SU(2) @ U(1) gauge theory with two (or more) Higgs doublets, but with the fermion mass scale dctcrmined by the vacuum expectation values of the Higgs particles rather than determined only by widely differing Higgs couplings. Such an alternative to the standard theory cannot be excluded by current data; the Higgs-fcrmion coupling is allowed to be at least 70 times that of the standard WeinbergSalam theory. In such $ model, one has the possibility of observing large and interesting effects due to the Higgs particles in the theory. These include decays of heavy quarkonium states and Drell-Yan production of P+Q- (Q = e, p, 7). Restrictions due to charged Higgs scalar currents (in R, p and p decay and in neutrino production) take unexpected forms and are not too stringent. The best place to search for a Higgs is in K+N -+ pep-X (subsect. 3.5).
Engineering Cartilage Tissue

Cartilage tissue engineering is emerging as a technique for the regeneration of cartilage tissue damaged due to disease or trauma. Since cartilage lacks regenerative capabilities, it is essential to develop approaches that deliver the appropriate cells, biomaterials, and signaling factors to the defect site. The objective of this review is to discuss the approaches that have been taken in this area, with an emphasis on various cell sources, including chondrocytes, fibroblasts, and stem cells. Additionally, biomaterials and their interaction with cells and the importance of signaling factors on cellular behavior and cartilage formation will be addressed. Ultimately, the goal of investigators working on cartilage regeneration is to develop a system that promotes the production of cartilage tissue that mimics native tissue properties, accelerates restoration of tissue function, and is clinically translatable. Although this is an ambitious goal, significant progress and important advances have been made in recent years.
The immunity reaction of bacteriophage T4: a noncatalytic reaction.

Abstract The immunity gene (imm) of bacteriophage T4 is responsible for the immunity of the infected Escherichia coli host to the disruptive effects of T4 ghosts and for the exclusion of superinfecting phage ( Vallee and Cornett, 1972 ). The development of immunity depends upon protein synthesis. Using different methods of assay and different inhibitors of protein synthesis, we show that a T4-infected cell population which has developed a partial level of immunity, does not increase this level with time after addition of the inhibitors. If the function of the immunity protein were catalytic, an increase in immunity would have been expected since the inhibitors would not have interfered with the enzymatic action of the preexisting imm protein. We conclude that the reaction is not catalytic. Development of immunity in T4-infected cells has been studied both as a function of time and the multiplicity of infection (m.o.i.) of superinfecting ghosts. The levels of immunity attained are directly related to the time interval between phage infection and ghost challenge, and inversely related to the m.o.i. of the ghosts. Throughout the establishment of the immune state, ghost action follows one hit kinetics. An hypothesis is advanced to account for these phenomena as well as for the noncatalytic nature of the immunity reaction.
Circumference imaging for optical-based identification of cylindrical and conical objects

Inspection and identification of cylindrical or conical shaped objects presents a unique challenge for a machine vision system. Due to the circular nature of the objects it is difficult to image the whole object using traditional area cameras and image capture methods. This work describes a unique technique to acquire a two dimensional image of the entire surface circumference of a cylindrical/conical shaped object. The specific application of this method is the identification of large caliber (155 mm) ammunition rounds in the field as they are transported between or within vehicles. The proposed method utilizes a line scan camera in combination with high speed image acquisition and processing hardware to acquire images from multiple cameras and generate a single, geometrically accurate, surface image. The primary steps involved are the capture of multiple images as the ammunition moves by on the conveyor followed by warping to correct for the distortion induced by the curved projectile surface. The individual images are then tiled together to form one two-dimensional image of the complete circumference. Once this image has been formed an automatic identification algorithm begins the feature extraction and classification process.
Delayed matching-to-sample performance by rats in a new avoidance-motivated maze: Response to scopolamine and fimbria-fornix lesions

Abstract A new avoidance-motivated detour-maze in which memory for an immediately preceding sample event could be assessed was evaluated by testing seven 6-month-old male F-344 rats with a delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS) paradigm. Rats first received extensive pretraining with this paradigm over several months and after a minimum of 1,390 choice-trials demonstrated great proficiency in this maze. Studies were then conducted to establish cholinergic and hippocampal involvement in the DMTS task by using drug manipulations (scopolamine and physostigmine), and after lesions to the fimbria-fornix (FF) pathway. A high dose (1.0 mg/kg) of scopolamine but not a low dose (0.3 mg/kg) significantly interfered with choice accuracy as measured by errors and trials to criterion; physostigmine (0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg) had no significant effect; and fimbria lesions significantly disrupted both choice accuracy and runtime performance. Disruption was most pronounced on difficult problems (different paths to the goal). After lesions only, considerable within-trial perseverative errors occurred during the early postlesion weeks on four difficult problems from among the 18 tested. Results were discussed in terms of (a) specificity of this disruption, (b) indications of proactive interference effects, and (c) the movement-related excitation component of maze learning. The present results accord with earlier findings of disruption by scopolamine and FF lesions in a 14-unit T-maze, both mazes having similar performance requirements of shock avoidance and multiple 90-degree turns along the paths to the goal. The present results affirm that this new detour maze provides a viable approach for assessing cognitive performance in a within-subjects design and thereby offers new possibilities for testing various aspects of cognitive processing, particularly for aged rodent models, in a complex aversive situation.
Superfluorescence in a continuously pumped medium

Numerical simulations of an extended sample of three-level atoms with slow dipole dephasing exhibit a superfluorescent pulse shortly after incoherent pumping begins. The operator Maxwell-Bloch equations are simulated by classical Langevin equations. The counterpropagating fields are solved for in the (one-dimensional) limit of the Fresnel number near unity, with open-end boundary conditions. An initial, ``quiet`` buildup of the inversion is followed by superfluorescence. Oscillation of the populations, coherences, and fields is observed. The superfluorescence delay time is compared with analytical predictions made in the linear regime. A transition to amplified spontaneous emission is found as the pump rate is decreased.
Small scales, many species and the manifold challenges of turbulent combustion

Abstract A major goal of combustion research is to develop accurate, tractable, predictive models for the phenomena occurring in combustion devices, which predominantly involve turbulent flows. With the focus on gas-phase, non-premixed flames, recent progress is reviewed, and the significant remaining challenges facing models of turbulent combustion are examined. The principal challenges are posed by the small scales, the many chemical species involved in hydrocarbon combustion, and the coupled processes of reaction and molecular diffusion in a turbulent flow field. These challenges, and how different modeling approaches face them, are examined from the viewpoint of low-dimensional manifolds in the high-dimensional space of chemical species. Most current approaches to modeling turbulent combustion can be categorized as flamelet-like or PDF-like. The former assume or imply that the compositions occurring in turbulent combustion lie on very-low-dimensional manifolds, and that the coupling between turbulent mixing and reaction can be parameterized by at most one or two variables. PDF-like models do not restrict compositions in this way, and they have proved successful in describing more challenging combustion regimes in which there is significant local extinction, or in which the turbulence significantly disrupts flamelet structures. Advances in diagnostics, the design of experiments, computational resources, and direct numerical simulations are all contributing to the continuing development of more accurate and general models of turbulent combustion.
Optimization of quantitative sonographic diagnostic analysis of breast lesions

The purpose of this study was to enhance the ability of quantitative sonography to distinguish between B-scan images of malignant and benign lesions of the breast. Several second-order pixel gray level statistics have been used to achieve a good but not acceptable diagnostic accuracy in characterizing breast lesions. Therefore, this study sought to optimize the diagnostic accuracy of second order statistics. The co-occurrence matrix is the most useful second-order statistic so far studied. It is an estimate of the joint probability distribution of gray levels of two pixels separated by a given distance and orientation. Several distances and orientations have been tried previously, but no systematic attempt had been made to find the optimum parameters for diagnosis. In this study, co-occurrence statistics of malignant and benign lesion images were determined as a function of distance and orientation. In particular, the correlation function was modeled as a separable, exponential function, first order for increments in both the x and y directions. Model parameters were used as features for discriminating benign from cancer lesions. An attempt was made to optimize the features by excluding the noisy data from the fit and again using the model parameters.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Fluorescence quenching by singlet energy transfer. Role of dipole-dipole and exchange mechanisms☆

Abstract Cross sections of singlet-singlet energy transfer from several fluorinated and methylated benzenes to cyclopentanone and I-pyrazoline are measured in the gas phase. The increasing importance of the Forster dipole-dipole transfer mechanism observed with donors and acceptors having high oscillator strengths is discussed.
An investigation of the meaning of near and close on a university campus

Abstract An experimental study of the geographic natural language concepts near and close is presented. Using the Spatial Relations Acquisition Station, two groups of subjects were asked whether they believed particular buildings on the campus of Kent State University to be either near or close to one central building, the Student Center. Three clusters can be identified among the subjects responding for the concept near, and from analysis of the close data direct parallels can be identified. One cluster of each term shows all buildings to be near or close to the Student Center, while, at the other extreme, another cluster shows all but a core group to be not-near. A number of personal characteristics were gathered for subjects in the study, but none gave a significant prediction of which cluster a student might belong to.
Prospective Study of Controlled Oxygen Therapy: Poor Prognosis of Patients with Asynchronous Breathing

Thirty-two patiente were evaluated within 24 hours of admission for 36 episodes of acute respiratory faliure (arterial oxygen pressure = 50 mm Hg). Clinical data, spirometric determinations, blood gas analysis, and synchronization of chest (rib cage) and abdominal (diaphragmatic) breathing movements were studied. All patiente were initially treated with controlled oxygen therapy. In 25 episodes the patients recovered without intubation (successes). In nine episodes the patients required intubation and assisted ventilation; two of these patients died. Two patients died without intubation. The 25 successful episodes were compared with the 11 requiring intubation or associated with death (failures). The breathing pattern proved to be the best single factor for predicting success or failure (77 percent correct prediction). The breathing pattern plus the arterial carbon dioxide tension on admission was the best two-factor guide (86 percent correct prediction). Patients with asynchronous breathing and severe hypercapnia are so unlikely to do well with a program of controlled oxygen therapy that preparations for intubation and assisted ventilation should be made on admission and such measures should be instituted at the first sign of deterioration.
Specificity of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome immunoglobulin for nerve terminal calcium channels.

Abstract Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) is a presynaptic, neuromuscular disorder characterized by impaired nerve-evoked release of ACh. Repetitive nerve stimulation, which increases the probability of quantal release, improves the transmission defect. An autoantibody to Ca 2+ channels of presynaptic motor nerve terminals is thought to mediate the pathogenesis of this disease. The goal of the present study was to examine the specificity of LEMS autoantibodies for nerve terminal Ca 2+ channels as compared to other voltage-sensitive ion channels in nerve terminals, and to determine if non-specific membrane damage contributed to the pathogenesis of LEMS. The ion channel specificity of LEMS autoantibody was assessed by comparing the ability of acute application of IgG isolated from the plasma of a patient with LEMS to reduce depolarization-dependent uptake of 45 Ca 2+ and 22 Na + into or efflux of 86 Rb + from rat forebrain synaptosomes. The clinical diagnosis of LEMS was confirmed electrophysiologically by treatment of mice for 30 days with plasma (1.5 ml/day) taken from this patient. Characteristic reduction of quantal content elicited at 1 Hz and facilitation at 20 Hz was observed in mice treated wtih LEMS plasma compared to those treated with control plasma. One s, K + -stimulated 45 Ca 2+ uptake was inhibited36.5 ± 14.5%and44.5 ± 9.8% by acute application of 2 and 4 mg/ml LEMS IgG, respectively; IgG from patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCC) had no effect on 45 Ca 2+ entry. The same concentrations of LEMS IgG affected neither voltage-dependent uptake of 22 Na + into veratridine-depolarized synaptosomes nor 86 R + efflux from K + -depolarized synaptosomes. Lactate dehydrogenase release from synaptosomes incubated with varying concentrations of LEMS IgG was not increased over control suggesting that the reduction in 45 Ca 2+ uptake was not a result of disruption of synaptosomal membrane integrity. Likewise, normal activation of Ca 2+ channels was not prevented by IgG-induced alterations in synaptosomal membrane potentials as the fluorescence of a membrane potential-sensitive carbocyanine dye (diS-C 2 (5)) was unaltered following acute application of 2 mg/ml LEMS or control IgG. These results indicate that immunoglobulins isolated from a patient with LEMS alter presynaptic nerve terminals Ca 2+ channel activity. These deficits are not due to decreases in synaptosomal integrity nor to IgG-induced alterations in the synaptosomal membrane potential but appear to result from direct action on voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels. The antibody from this patient appears to be specific for nerve terminal Ca 2+ channels as it did not affect ion flux through voltage-dependent Na + or K + channels.
Generalized lipofuscinosis (generalized Kufs' disease).

Light microscopic and ultrastructural investigations in a case of systemic storage disease in an adult revealed lipofusein to be the stored substance in all cells involved. No lipid bodies or cytosomes characteristic for any storage disease were found. Similarly there were no structures which could be interpreted as transitional stages of such bodies into lipofusein. Cases like this might be considered as a nosologic entity but the possibility that they might be a manifestation of a yet undiscovered metabolic derangement, in particular a lipidosis, cannot be excluded.
Site-specific recombination systems for the genetic manipulation of eukaryotic genomes†

Site-specific recombination systems, such as the bacteriophage Cre-lox and yeast FLP-FRT systems, have become valuable tools for the rearrangement of DNA in higher eukaryotes. As a first step to expanding the repertoire of recombination tools, we screened recombination systems derived from the resolvase/invertase family for site-specific recombinase activity in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Here, we report that seven recombination systems, four from the small serine resolvase subfamily (CinH, ParA, Tn1721, and Tn5053) and three from the large serine resolvase subfamily (Bxb1, TP901-1, and U153), can catalyze site-specific deletion in S. pombe. Those from the large serine resolvase subfamily were also capable of site-specific integration and inversion. In all cases, the recombination events were precise. Functional operation of these recombination systems in the fission yeast holds promise that they may be further developed as recombination tools for the site-specific rearrangement of plant and animal genomes.
Tracking Sauer Across Sour Terrain

(1987). Tracking Sauer Across Sour Terrain. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 77, No. 3, pp. 469-474.
Rhytidectomy: The superficial plane

Aesthetic facial rejuvenative surgical procedures have progressed from simple superficial dissection with excision of excess skin to more complex techniques performed through deeper planes in an attempt to achieve improved results. These efforts are often attended by an increase in complications and an increase in recuperation time. The techniques presented are a synthesis of result-oriented modifications that have provided results that are long lasting, with minimal risks and rare complications.
Heavy p‐doping of ZnTe by molecular beam epitaxy using a nitrogen plasma source

The successful p‐doping of ZnSe and Zn(S,Se) using a nitrogen plasma source during growth by molecular beam epitaxy has been an important factor leading to the recent realization of blue‐green diode lasers and light‐emitting diodes. This letter reports the results of the nitrogen doping of ZnTe using similar techniques. Doping levels approaching the 1019 cm−3 range are reported along with electrical, optical, and microstructural characterization. Highly doped ZnTe provides an opportunity for forming an ohmic contact to p‐ZnSe.
FLOW LINES IN A CONTINUOUS MELTING GLASS FURNACE AS DETERMINED BY COBALT OXIDE AND PICTURED ON COLOR PHOTOGRAPHS

The results of a study of glass flow in a direct-fired, continuous melting tank can be used to establish control testing schedules and tank dimensional relationships. Three primary convection spirals are indicated. Normal convection currents produce good mixing. The methods used in making the study are explained. The use of a coloring agent and color photographs as a means of recording the results are presented as a new technique for studies of this type.
Reduction of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in African Americans with a 12-week nutrition education program

Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one killer for the general population as well as for African Americans. It is known that a healthy diet and exercise can reduce the risk for coronary heart diseases. We hypothesize that nutrition education on healthy diets and emphasis on increased physical activity would help African Americans to reduce their risks for CVD. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a nutrition education program (the Tuskegee University Nutrition Outreach Program) on selected risk factors for CVD. Eighty-nine African Americans (aged 35-75 years, 15 men and 74 women) at high risk for CVD participated in the nutrition education program for 12 weeks. This was a completely randomized design, and the changes in the risk factors were analyzed using paired Student t test. Anthropometry, lipid profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and antioxidation status were evaluated. After the nutrition education intervention, body weight and body mass index decreased by 3.1% and 3.2% ( P P P P P
Regulation of Na+/glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) mRNA in LLC-PK1 cells.

The porcine kidney epithelial cell line LLC-PK1 expresses a sodium-coupled glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) together with other differentiation markers of renal proximal tubule such as trehalase and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase. Expression is regulated by cell density and exogenous differentiation inducers such as hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA). Northern blot and PCR analysis of clonal cell populations indicated SGLT1 mRNA was not detectable in subconfluent cultures, but 2.2 and 3.9 kb SGLT1 mRNA species appeared after cell confluence, accompanying expression of the transport activity. SGLT1 mRNA levels were significantly increased after treatment of confluent cultures with HMBA, paralleling increases in the transport activity and immunodetectable 75 kD cotransporter subunit. SGLT1 mRNA was also increased after treatment of cultures with the cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), an inducer of Na+/glucose cotransport activity. The 3.9 kb SGLT1 transcript showed the largest increase after either HMBA or IBMX treatment. HMBA treatment also resulted in increased mRNA levels of two other differentiation markers–trehalase and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase. By contrast, trehalase and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase mRNA levels were not increased by IBMX. Regulation of Na+/glucose symporter expression by either cell density, cyclic AMP elevation, or differentiation inducer treatment occurs, at least in part, at the level of SGLT1 mRNA and can be dissociated from regulation of other differentiation markers. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Changes in brain serotonin metabolism associated with fasting and satiation in rats

Abstract Rats fasted for 24 hrs. were fed for two hours after which time food was removed. Food intake decreased brain 5-HIAA and tryptophan levels by about 22% and 27%, respectively, but did not modify brain serotonin concentration. These changes persisted for about six hours. The synthesis rate of brain serotonin was about 30% lower in rats fed for two hours than in rats fasted for 24 hours. Food intake produced changes in plasma tryptophan opposite to those produced in brain. Feeding also decreased brain serotonin turnover in hypophysectomized rats.
Autoinhibitory mechanisms of ERG studied by molecular dynamics simulations

ERG, an ETS-family transcription factor, acts as a regulator of differentiation of early hematopoietic cells. It contains an autoinhibitory domain, which negatively regulates DNA-binding. The mechanism of autoinhibitory is still illusive. To understand the mechanism, we study the dynamical properties of ERG protein by molecular dynamics simulations. These simulations suggest that DNA binding autoinhibition associates with the internal dynamics of ERG. Specifically, we find that (1), The N-C terminal correlation in the inhibited ERG is larger than that in uninhibited ERG that contributes to the autoinhibition of DNA-binding. (2), DNA-binding changes the property of the N-C terminal correlation from being anti-correlated to correlated, that is, changing the relative direction of the correlated motions and (3), For the Ets-domain specifically, the inhibited and uninhibited forms exhibit essentially the same dynamics, but the binding of the DNA decreases the fluctuation of the Ets-domain. We also find from PCA analysis that the three systems, even with quite different dynamics, do have highly similar free energy surfaces, indicating that they share similar conformations.
St. Louis's Black-White Elections: Products of Machine Factionalism and Polarization

This research combines electoral data by precinct with demographic data to demonstrate that race alone is not the determinant of at-large electoral outcomes in St. Louis. In St. Louis, a long history of machine factionalism affects the behavior of black and white politicians and influences when and under what conditions blacks vote for whites and whites vote for blacks. The black-white dichotomy that is clearly evident in St. Louis society works against election of nonwhites citywide, but the city's political culture and structure also play a role in determining who is elected.
A Parametric Analysis of a Reservoir-Extended Porous Slider Bearing with Self-Circulation and Cavitation Effects

This work considers a porous slider bearing fed by an external contiguous reservoir. The bearing system consists of a lubricating film, a porous medium, and the external reservoir, which runs along the entire length of the porous medium. The Darcy model is used for modeling the flow inside the porous medium. The translational velocity of the reservoir wall and porous medium, together with the convergent-divergent slider lubricating film profile, acts to pump the fluid out of and into the lubricating film and the reservoir, respectively. Cavitation effects are modeled realistically using the switch function and modified equations of the Elrod and Vijayaraghavan models. The model presented herein shows the bearing capable of supporting a load, while simultaneously the convergent/divergent film action (equivalent to an eccentric shaft in a journal bearing) helps by pumping the fluid back and forth between the lubricating region and the reservoir without the use of any external means. Thus, the concept of a b...
Cycloaddition of heterofunctionalized allenes with tert-butylthioacrylonitrile. Determination of activation parameters for diradical intermediate formation and the detection of reversible ring closure

The cycloaddition reactions of 4-methylphenylthio-, methoxy-, 4-methoxyphenyl-, phenyl-, chloro- and cyanoallene with tert-butylthioacrylonitrile (BTA) in toluene-d8 solution were investigated. The relative reactivity sequence of these substituted allenes is 4-methylphenylthio ∼ methoxy- > 4-methoxyphenyl- > phenyl- > chloro- > cyanoallene. Activation parameters were measured for diradical intermediate formation of BTA with 4-methylphenylthio-, methoxy- and 4-methoxyphenylallene, giving average values of Ea and ΔS± of 14.2–16.8 kcal mol−1 and ca. -33 eu, respectively. The relative reactivity sequence is consistent with a FMO allene-HOMO, BTA-LUMO dominant interaction for diradical intermediate formation. However, the regioselectivity of attack on the substituted allene appears to be thermodynamically controlled. The formation of the diradical intermediates in these cycloaddition processes appears to be irreversible. However, the ring closure of the diradical intermediates formed from 4-methylphenylthio-, methoxy- and 4-methoxyphenylallene is reversible under the conditions of the kinetic experiments. The kinetically controlled ring closure of the diradical intermediates is allyl radical SOMO controlled, while the final cycloadduct distribution is thermodynamically controlled.