cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Machine Learning Processes: A Maturity Framework

Academic literature on machine learning modeling fails to address how to make machine learning models work for enterprises. For example, existing machine learning processes cannot address how to define business use cases for an AI application, how to convert business requirements from product managers into data requirements for data scientists, and how to continuously improve AI applications in term of accuracy and fairness, how to customize general purpose machine learning models with industry, domain, and use case specific data to make them more accurate for specific situations etc. Making AI work for enterprises requires special considerations, tools, methods and processes. In this paper we present a maturity framework for machine learning model lifecycle management for enterprises. Our framework is a re-interpretation of the software Capability Maturity Model (CMM) for machine learning model development process. We present a set of best practices from authors’ personal experience of building large scale real-world machine learning models to help organizations achieve higher levels of maturity independent of their starting point.
Switching Quantum Interference with Phase-change Reconfigurable Metasurfaces

We show how a metasurface incorporating a thermally controlled phase-change material (i.e. GeTe) can enable tunable quantum interference, switching between coalescence and anti-coalescence.
Split Flow Model of Care: A Solution for Emergency Department Patient Flow

Emergency Departments (EDs) across the United States struggle to deliver efficient care in a timely manner. Factors such as increasing patient volumes, a reduction in the number of EDs, and higher inpatient census appear to be creating EDs that are overcrowded (American College of Emergency Physicians [ACEP], 2016; American Hospital Association [AHA], 2017). The consequences of overcrowded EDs combined with extended wait times create a significant quality and safety issue for EDs (Newell et al., 2011; Pines, 2006; Richardson, 2006; Sun et al., 2013). The purpose of this quantitative non-experimental before and after study utilizing retrospective data was to determine if the implementation of a Split Flow Model of Care for ambulatory ED arrivals would impact the median length of stay (MLOS) for discharged patients and the left without being seen (LWBS) rate. Data was collected from two separate six-month time frames before and after the implementation of the Split Flow Model of Care. A Kruskal-Wallis Test failed to demonstrate statistical significance between the MLOS for discharged patients and the LWBS rate before and after the Split Flow Model of Care was implemented. However, the study demonstrated clinical significance when the LWBS rate decreased 61 percent between the two time periods. This decrease occurred despite an increase in patient acuity and an increase in ED patient boarding during the six months following the implementation. This study outcome offers other nursing leaders, healthcare organizations, and emergency departments the opportunity to learn new strategies to impact LWBS rates despite overcrowding challenges in emergency departments.
Applications of Pose Estimation in Human Health and Performance across the Lifespan.

The emergence of pose estimation algorithms represents a potential paradigm shift in the study and assessment of human movement. Human pose estimation algorithms leverage advances in computer vision to track human movement automatically from simple videos recorded using common household devices with relatively low-cost cameras (e.g., smartphones, tablets, laptop computers). In our view, these technologies offer clear and exciting potential to make measurement of human movement substantially more accessible; for example, a clinician could perform a quantitative motor assessment directly in a patient’s home, a researcher without access to expensive motion capture equipment could analyze movement kinematics using a smartphone video, and a coach could evaluate player performance with video recordings directly from the field. In this review, we combine expertise and perspectives from physical therapy, speech-language pathology, movement science, and engineering to provide insight into applications of pose estimation in human health and performance. We focus specifically on applications in areas of human development, performance optimization, injury prevention, and motor assessment of persons with neurologic damage or disease. We review relevant literature, share interdisciplinary viewpoints on future applications of these technologies to improve human health and performance, and discuss perceived limitations.
A Sensor-Efficient Algorithm for Array Processing

This paper presents the derivation and some statistical properties of a new use of Prony’s algorithm for the estimation of the angles of arrival of plane waves received in noise. The technique, called the Sensor Efficient Method (SEM), has applications for signal returns that are wide band or multi-frequency.
On layout randomization for arrays and functions

Low-level attacks often rely on guessing absolute or relative memory addresses. Layout randomization aims to thwart such attacks. In this paper, we study layout randomization in a setting in which arrays and functions can be stored in memory. Our results relate layout randomization to language-level protection mechanisms, namely to the use of abstract locations (rather than integer addresses). They apply, in particular, when each abstract location can hold an entire array which, concretely, compilation implements with a memory buffer at a random base address.
Comparative mapping of loci controlling winter survival and related traits in oilseed Brassica rapa and B. napus

Winter survival is an important characteristic of oilseedBrassica that is seeded in the fall in northern climates,and it may be affected by genetic variation for other cold-regulated traits,such as freezing tolerance and vernalization responsive flowering time. Weanalyzed immortalized populations of oilseed Brassica rapa(recombinant inbred lines) and B. napus (double haploidlines) derived from crosses of annual and biennial types in order to comparethe map positions and effects of quantitative trait loci controlling wintersurvival, nonacclimated and acclimated freezing tolerances, and flowering time.The B. napus population was evaluated in multiple winters,and six of the 16 total significant QTL for winter survival were detected inmore than one winter. Correspondence in the map positions of QTL controllingdifferent traits within species provided evidence that some alleles causinggreater acclimated freezing tolerance and later flowering time also contributedto increased winter survival. Correspondence in the map positions of QTLbetween species provided evidence for allelic variation at homologous loci inB. rapa and B. napus. The potentialrole of some candidate genes in regulating these traits is discussed.
A study in rural Uganda of heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus.

Largely ignored in the report by Quinn et al. of their study of the heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 in Uganda is the finding that 40 of 137 uncircumcised men who were negative for HIV-1 seroconverted whereas 0 of 50 circumcised men seroconverted. This finding suggests that male circumcision is at least as protective against female-to-male transmission of HIV-1 as low viral load in the female partner. Yet the authors do not consider male circumcision among their list of possible strategies for the prevention of HIV-1 infection. There are now more than 30 epidemiologic studies from sub-Saharan Africa dating back to 1987 that report a significant protective effect of male circumcision against HIV-1 infection. Is it not time for those in Rakai Uganda (where Quinn et al. conducted their study) as well as others to benefit from these studies? The feasibility of offering information on voluntary male circumcision and circumcision services to this community with a high prevalence of HIV-1 infection could at least be investigated. Justice and scientific evidence demand it. (full text)
Certifying Cryptographic Tools: The Case of Trapdoor Permutations

In cryptographic protocols it is often necessary to verify/ certify the "tools" in use. This work demonstrates certain subtleties in treating a family of trapdoor permutations in this context, noting the necessity to "check" certain properties of these functions. The particular case we illustrate is that of non-interactive zero-knowledge. We point out that the elegant recent protocol of Feige, Lapidot and Shamir for proving NP statements in non-interactive zero-knowledge requires an additional certification of the underlying trapdoor permutation, and suggest a certification method to fill this gap.
Diagnosis, management, and outcome of late duodenal complications in portal-enteric pancreas transplantation: case reports.

Abstract Background: Enteric drainage (ED) of pancreas allografts is an alternative to the bladder drainage (BD) technique and eliminates unique metabolic complications seen in the BD pancreas transplant recipients. Little longterm data has been reported in ED pancreas transplants. Study Design: Of 53 patients who underwent pancreas transplantations performed with ED drainage of the exocrine secretion to a Roux-en-Y limb, who had more than 6 months graft function, four patients were identified with late duodenal segment complications (more than 6 months after transplantation) and are presented as case reports. Results: The duodenal segment complications occurred between 8 and 48 months after simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation. Three patients were diagnosed with leakage from the duodenal segment. All were managed operatively. The fourth patient developed a distal stricture of the transplant duodenum occluding the anastomosis between the duodenum and the Roux-en-Y limb and also had a pancreatic pseudocyst. Drainage via a cyst-jejunostomy resulted in graft salvage. The mean followup after operative management of the duodenal-related complications was 15 months (range, 3–24 months). The patient, pancreas and kidney graft survival are 100%. Conclusions: Late duodenal complications occurred in 8% of pancreas transplant recipients with ED. Operative intervention in all four patients resulted in excellent graft and patient outcome and is recommended for these complications.
Multitrait-multimethod analysis of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire in young Asian American children

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a widely used psychopathology screening tool that measures children's emotional symptoms, peer problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, and prosocial behavior. Previous psychometric studies of the SDQ focused primarily on older children in Western cultures and suffered from several methodological limitations. This study examined the reliability, factor structure, convergent, and discriminant validity of the SDQ by focusing on young Asian American children and using more rigorous methods. The five-factor structure of the SDQ was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The ω coefficients indicated adequate reliability for all subscales except parent-rated peer problems and conduct problems. The correlated trait-correlated method minus one multitrait-multimethod model provided evidence for convergent validity and discriminant validity of all subscales except for conduct problems relative to hyperactivity/inattention. This study provided new evidence for the psychometric properties of the SDQ in young children and cultural suitability of the SDQ for Asian Americans.
Hypha formation in the white-opaque transition of Candida albicans.

Cells of Candida albicans strain WO-1 and related strains switch frequently and reversibly between a white-colony-forming unit (white phase) and a gray-colony-forming unit (opaque phase). Cells in the budding white phase exhibit the usual smooth round phenotype observed in other C. albicans strains, but cells in the budding opaque phase exhibit a unique elongate shape with surface pimples or protrusions. In this study, it was demonstrated that opaque cells formed hyphae at low to negligible levels in suspension cultures but could be induced to form hyphae at high levels when anchored to the chamber wall of a perfusion chamber or to a monolayer of human skin epithelial cells. Variability in the proportion of hyphae formed between experiments appeared to be due to variability between individual opaque clones. The hyphae formed by opaque cells were morphologically identical to hyphae formed by white cells (i.e., they were devoid of pimples or protrusions and exhibited the same shape and septal locations). They also did not stain with an opaque-specific antiserum which differentially stained opaque budding cells in a punctate fashion. However, when stimulated to form buds, opaque hyphae formed opaque-shaped daughter buds, demonstrating that although they are morphologically similar to hyphae formed by white cells, they are genetically opaque. Images
Hybrid energy storage system for conventional vehicle start-stop application

Ultracapacitors can provide high power density, high efficiency, and extended cycle life in various applications. Lead acid batteries, on the other hand, offer high energy density, low cost, and good performance in low temperature. In this paper, a hybrid energy storage device comprised of a Lithium-ion ultracapacitor module and a lead acid battery is modeled, built, and tested for the vehicular start-stop application. Hundreds of cranking events have been performed with the single lead acid battery and the hybrid storage and the performance of the systems have been evaluated and compared. Mathematical derivation, analysis, and a thorough energy storage aging study have also been conducted and presented.
Prader-Willi syndrome: a review of clinical, genetic, and endocrine findings

Introduction Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a multisystemic complex genetic disorder caused by lack of expression of genes on the paternally inherited chromosome 15q11.2-q13 region. There are three main genetic subtypes in PWS: paternal 15q11-q13 deletion (65–75 % of cases), maternal uniparental disomy 15 (20–30 % of cases), and imprinting defect (1–3 %). DNA methylation analysis is the only technique that will diagnose PWS in all three molecular genetic classes and differentiate PWS from Angelman syndrome. Clinical manifestations change with age with hypotonia and a poor suck resulting in failure to thrive during infancy. As the individual ages, other features such as short stature, food seeking with excessive weight gain, developmental delay, cognitive disability and behavioral problems become evident. The phenotype is likely due to hypothalamic dysfunction, which is responsible for hyperphagia, temperature instability, high pain threshold, hypersomnia and multiple endocrine abnormalities including growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiencies, hypogonadism and central adrenal insufficiency. Obesity and its complications are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in PWS.
Phase diagram of CO/Rh(111) at low coverages

Abstract We present theoretical calculations on the phase diagram and critical properties of the chemisorbed system CO/Rh(111) at low coverages θ⩽ 1 3 . Based on the knowledge of adsorption sites and adatom-adatom interactions from previous experimental and theoretical work, we map the problem to a lattice-gas Hamiltonian with an infinite nearest neighbour repulsion and additional second- and third-nearest neighbour interactions. The relevant set of interaction parameters is constrained through ground state calculations for the experimentally observed disordered (1 × 1) and ordered p(2 × 2) and ( 3 × 3 )R30° phases around θ= 1 4 and 1 3 , respectively. Full phase diagrams on T-μ and T-θ planes are calculated using both transfer matrix and Monte Carlo renormalisation group methods. Corresponding critical exponents are also computed.
Expression of human β -interferon cDNA under the control of a thymidine kinase promoter from herpes simplex virus

The availability of an isolated interferon gene cDNA clone and biological assays for its expression, provide an opportunity to examine the functional role of sequences preceding the coding portion of the interferon gene. In the present study, we examined whether the human β-interferon (IFN-β) gene can be transcribed and induced efficiently after replacing the normal 5′ flanking sequences1,2 with a defined promoter segment from another gene. For this purpose the coding portion of the IFN-β gene3 was inserted downstream from the promoter sequence and RNA start site of the thymidine kinase (TK) gene from herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1; ref. 4). Expression of interferon activity under the control of the viral TK promoter in this chimaeric plasmid was demonstrated by microinjection into the nuclei of Xenopus oocytes5,6 and by transfection into mouse cells7 followed by superinfection with herpes simplex virus.
Sustainable exploitation and management of autogenic ecosystem engineers: application to oysters in Chesapeake Bay

Autogenic ecosystem engineers are critically important parts of many marine and estuarine systems because of their substantial effect on ecosystem services. Oysters are of particular importance because of their capacity to modify coastal and estuarine habitats and the highly degraded status of their habitats worldwide. However, models to predict dynamics of ecosystem engineers have not previously included the effects of exploitation. We developed a linked population and habitat model for autogenic ecosystem engineers undergoing exploitation. We parameterized the model to represent eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) in upper Chesapeake Bay by selecting sets of parameter values that matched observed rates of change in abundance and habitat. We used the model to evaluate the effects of a range of management and restoration options including sustainability of historical fishing pressure, effectiveness of a newly enacted sanctuary program, and relative performance of two restoration approaches. In general, autogenic ecosystem engineers are expected to be substantially less resilient to fishing than an equivalent species that does not rely on itself for habitat. Historical fishing mortality rates in upper Chesapeake Bay for oysters were above the levels that would lead to extirpation. Reductions in fishing or closure of the fishery were projected to lead to long-term increases in abundance and habitat. For fisheries to become sustainable outside of sanctuaries, a substantial larval subsidy would be required from oysters within sanctuaries. Restoration efforts using high-relief reefs were predicted to allow recovery within a shorter period of time than low-relief reefs. Models such as ours, that allow for feedbacks between population and habitat dynamics, can be effective tools for guiding management and restoration of autogenic ecosystem engineers.
Physically Based Simulation Model for Acoustic Sensor Robot Navigation

A computer model is described that combines concepts from the fields of acoustics, linear system theory, and digital signal processing to simulate an acoustic sensor navigation system using time-of-flight ranging. By separating the transmitter/receiver into separate components and assuming mirror-like reflectors, closed-form solutions for the reflections from corners, edges, and walls are determined as a function of transducer size, location, and orientation. A floor plan consisting of corners, walls, and edges is efficiently encoded to indicate which of these elements contribute to a particular pulse-echo response. Sonar maps produced by transducers having different resonant frequencies and transmitted pulse waveforms can then be simulated efficiently. Examples of simulated sonar maps of two floor plans illustrate the performance of the model. Actual sonar maps are presented to verify the simulation results.
Water loss and its relationship to respiratory metabolism in two sympatric araneid spiders Argiope aurantia and Argiope trifasciata

Abstract 1. 1. Water loss and metabolism were investigated in the spiders Argiope aurantia Lucas and Argiope trifasciata (Forskal). 2. 2. Regression analysis revealed a significantly higher positive slope in the relationship between live mass and whole animal water loss in A. aurantia than in A. trifasciata. 3. 3. A positive relationship was found between live mass and mass-specific water loss rates in A. aurantia but not in A. trifasciata. 4. 4. Metabolic rates were significantly lower at 15° and 25°C in dehydrated than in normally hydrated A. trifasciata. In contrast, dehydrated A. aurantia had significantly higher rates at 25°C.
Generation of a carboxyl-terminal fragment of bovine parathyroid hormone by canine renal plasma membranes

Abstract Incubation of 125 I-bovine parathyroid hormone with purified canine renal plasma membranes resulted in the generation of a carboxyl-terminal fragment of the labelled hormone. This fragment appears similar to that found previously in the human and bovine circulation and in the canine circulation after infusion of intact bovine parathyroid hormone.
Retinal Endothelial Cell Apoptosis

Retinal endothelial cell (REC) apoptosis occurs in response to a number of stressors, including high glucose, oxidative stress, hypoxia. Because these stressors are common factors in a number of ocular diseases, it is critical to understand the cellular mechanisms by which apoptosis occurs in REC. This review discusses the various models of REC used in ophthalmological research. The mechanisms responsible for REC apoptosis are discussed, as well as potential therapeutics currently under development to prevent REC apoptosis. The primary goal of this review is provide the reader with a background knowledge of the current state of research ongoing in REC apoptosis and potential avenues for future testing.
A trade-off between the frequency and duration of bumblebee visits to flowers

Pollinator behavior influences plant reproduction in many ways. A traditional measure of pollination, the number of visits received, may be a poor predictor of plant reproductive success, particularly when there are trade-offs between visit quantity and components of visit quality. For example, the duration of pollinator visits may be negatively correlated with the number of visits received by a flower. We tested for a trade-off between the number of bumblebee visits and the duration of those visits in an experimental population of snapdragons (Antirrhinummajus: Scrophulariaceae). The duration of a bumblebee visit to a flower increased significantly with the time interval since the flower had last been visited. Over the lifetime of a flower the correlation between the total number and average duration of visits received by a flower was weakly negative. However, at the whole-plant level the correlation was positive: plants whose flowers received more visits also received visits of longer duration. Factors affecting the relationship between quantity and duration of pollinator visits to flowers also were investigated. Two factors weakened the negative dependence of average visit duration on number of visits received by individual snapdragon flowers: (1) the correlation between the total number of visits to a flower and the average interval between visits was only −0.53, as visits to individual flowers were not very evenly spaced over time, and (2) newly opened flowers received fewer and shorter visits than older flowers. Comparing whole plants, nectar production per flower varied dramatically across individuals, a probable explanation for the positive correlation between visit number and average duration per flower observed at the plant level. The potential for a trade-off between these two components of pollinator service exists when visit duration depends on reward quantity; whether the trade-off is realized will depend on variation in nectar production and on whether pollinators forage systematically.
A new estrogen receptor antagonist--an overview of available data.

Fulvestrant (‘Faslodex’), a novel estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist with no known agonist effects that downregulates the ER, is the first in a new class of antiestrogen. Consequently, fulvestrant is not cross-resistant with other endocrine therapies. In previously untreated postmenopausal women, fulvestrant brought about dose-dependent reductions in ER and progesterone receptor (PgR) protein concentrations and produced no demonstrable estrogen agonist effect. Fulvestrant has demonstrated clinical benefit rates of 69% in postmenopausal women with advanced tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. In two global phase III trials, fulvestrant was shown to be at least as effective as the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole with similar efficacy for time to progression, objective response and clinical benefit in patients progressing on prior endocrine therapy. Fulvestrant was also well tolerated and, similar to anastrozole, maintained a good quality of life. As a once-monthly intramuscular injection, administered during clinic visits, fulvestrant offers patient compliance advantages, making this new hormonal agent a viable therapeutic option for the palliative treatment of postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive advanced breast cancer.
Further data on the specificity of aequorin luminescence to calcium.

Abstract The possible triggering of luminescence of the photoprotein aequorin by 11 kinds of metal ions, in concentrations from 10 −3 to 10 −6 M, at pH 6.0 and at pH 8.0, were examined under conditions which minimized contamination with extraneous Ca 2+ . Y 3+ and La 3+ were found to have activities nearly as great as that of Ca 2+ at pH 6.0, but gave evidence of quenching effects in the higher concentrations at pH 8.0. Cations indicating no activity, or only negligible activity at either pH 6.0 and 8.0 included Be 2+ , Ba 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , and Cu 2+ . Considerable activity was shown by Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ at pH 6.0, but very little at pH 8.0.
Influence of Wake Effects and Inflow Turbulence on Wind Turbine Loads

Wind turbines are emerging as an exciting and rapidly expanding form of renewable energy. However, there are numerous technological challenges that must be overcome before wind energy provides a significant amount of power in the United States. One of the primary challenges in wind turbine design and analysis is accurately accounting for the wake. This study represents an initial step towards including wake effects in wind turbine design and analysis codes. A free wake model is developed using a time marching vortex line method, and subsequently verified and validated against existing results. The model is then used to examine time step requirements in the presence of inflow turbulence. Finally, comparisons are made between the developed free wake model and typical aerodynamic modeling approaches such as Blade Element Momentum Theory and Dynamic Inflow. For the configurations considered, blade time step sizes of 10° in azimuthal angle are adequate for capturing the effect of inflow turbulence on the wake. Finally, the inability of Blade Element Moment Theory and Dynamic Inflow to predict blade loads with combined inflow turbulence and wake effects is demonstrated.
Portal hypertensive gastropathy and colopathy.

Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) and colopathy (PHC) are considered complications of portal hypertension. Both entities are clinically relevant because they may cause insidious blood loss or even acute massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Endoscopic evaluation is necessary for the diagnosis of PHG and PHC. The existence of different endoscopic criteria for PHG and PHC makes consensus difficult and results in a broad range of reported prevalence. Therapy targeted at reduction of portal pressure and mucosal blood flow has been used to treat acute bleeding; nonselective β-blockers are the most frequently used agents. Further studies are needed to clarify the natural history, pathogenesis, and treatment of PHG and PHC.
Pragmatic design of meetings and presentations

Abstract Designing and running good meetings and presentations is a mystery to many software engineers, including many very experienced ones. Many workshops, training courses, and books address the mechanics (overheads, speaking style, and so on), but these provide comparatively little information beyond the most basic reminders, such as “no personal insults” or “make an agenda and stick to it”. These basics do not address such difficult problems as presenting to an audience made up of people from several departments at several levels of management, handling skeptical or oppositional people, what to say to the manager whose authority is being undermined, talking to top management in language they can understand about things they care about (rather than what the programmer thinks they ought to care about), and so on. This article presents an organized and comprehensive approach to designing meetings and presentations. It discusses techniques for addressing the differing attitudes, degrees of knowledge, and concerns of the audience, and presents a step-by-step procedure for designing a presentation that considers the audience's knowledge, attitudes, and perspectives.
Pressure-induced contractions in bovine pulmonary artery preparations

Experiments were conducted in a superfusion bioassay system in which the effluent of a bovine main pulmonary artery (generator) was allowed to superfuse a spirally cut precontracted bovine arterial strip (detector), which had been deprived of endothelium. Effluents of endothelium-intact generator relaxed the precontracted detector by an average of 22 ± 4.1 %. Following removal of endothelium of the generator, the relaxing effect of the effluent was only 1 %. A rapid increase of transmural pressure in the generator to about 40 mm Hg for 3 min induced contraction of the detector (8.4 ± 2%) above the histamine-induced tension. In the absence of endothelium, smaller contractions were obtained from the pressurized generator (4.9 ± 1.8%). This effect was reversible after pressure release. Effluents of endothelium-deprived generator showed no significant vasoactivity. NG-Mono-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA, 3.3 × 10–5 mol/l), a specific inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO), also depressed endothelium-dependent relaxation and caused a 10.5% increase in contraction of the endothelial effluent. When the endothelium-intact generator was exposed to both pressure and L-NMMA, an additive effect was noted. Based on these observations, it was concluded that transient increase of transmural pressure in bovine main pulmonary arteries depresses the endothelium-dependent relaxation and unmasks a small but significant contractile activity of the endothelial effluent.
Chemical studies of L-chondrites—I. A study of possible chemical sub-groups

Radiochemical neutron activation analysis of Ag, As, Au, Bi, Co, Cs, Ga, In, Rb, Sb, Te, Tl and Zn and major element data in 14 L4-6 and 3 LL5 chondrites indicates that the L-group is unusually variable and may represent at least 2 sub-groups differing in formation history. Chemical trends in the S/Fe-rich sub-group support textural evidence indicating late loss of a shock-formed Fe-Ni-S melt; the S/Fe-poor sub-group seemingly reflects nebular fractionation only. Highly mobile In and Zn apparently reflect shock-induced loss from L-chondrites. Data for L5 chondrites suggest higher formation temperatures and/or degrees of shock than for LL5 chondrites.
Processing of compressed imagery: compressive operations with VPIC-, BTC-, VQ-, and JPEG-compressed imagery

The processing of compressed imagery can exhibit advantages of (1) reduced space requirement for image storage, due to fewer data; (2) computational speedup resulting from fewer operations on reduced data; and (3) increased data security due to an obscure encoding format. We call this technique compressive processing, which we have shown can simulate an image-domain operation using an analogous operation over a given compressed image format. The output of the analogous operation, when decompressed, equals or approximates the output of the corresponding image operation. In Part 1 of this three-part series, we show that compressive processing can lead to sequential computational efficiencies that approach the compression ratio. Additionally, we present unifying theory that portrays the derivation of compressive operations at a high level for image operations such as pointwise, global reduce (e.g., image summation or maximum), and image-template (e.g., linear convolution) operations. Further discussion and analysis concerned formulations of block truncation coding (BTC) and visual pattern image coding (VPIC) compressive transforms. In this paper, we analyze high-level formulations of the vector quantization (VQ) and JPEG compression transforms. Additionally, we illustrate the utility of our high-level derivational methods by demonstrating the derivation and operation of several pixel-level operations over VPIC- and BTC-compressed imagery. Such operations are extended to include VQ- and JPEG-compressed imagery. In Part 3, we consider the pixel- level operations of edge detection and smoothing, as well as higher-level operations such as target classification and connected component labeling. Analyses emphasize computational efficiency, as well as effects of information loss and computational error. Our algorithms are expressed in terms of image algebra, a rigorous, concise notation that unifies linear and nonlinear mathematics in the image domain. Since image algebra has been implemented on numerous sequential and parallel computers, our algorithms are feasible and widely portable.
Single Lung Transplantation Using Donors with Heavy Smoking History Can Be Safely Performed

Purpose We attempt to determine if adult, single lung transplantation (SLT) could be safely performed in heavy smoking donors (HSD). Methods and Materials The UNOS database was examined from 2005-2011 to determine if using HSD (>20 pack years) provided mortality risk. Results Of 3,704 SLT, 498 (13.4%) were from HSD. The two were similar in recipient age (60.6 vs 60.7 years, p=0.20), male gender (61.3 vs 59.8%, p=0.54), and ischemic time (4.1 vs 4.2 hrs, p=0.11). Recipients of HSD had lower lung allocation score (39.7 vs 38.0, p=0.02), less HLA mismatches (4.6 vs 4.5, p=0.01), and higher Class I PRA (2.9 vs 3.8%, p Conclusions Single lung transplantation can be safely performed using HSD. Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Analysis HR 95%CI p Heavy Smoking Donor 1.15 0.99-1.34 0.07 Female Donor 1.03 0.91-1.16 0.66 Donor Age 19-39 Ref Ref Ref Donor Age ≤18 1.00 0.85-1.17 0.98 Donor Age 40-49 1.06 0.91-1.23 0.45 Donor Age 50-59 1.06 0.90-1.26 0.47 Donor Age ≥60 1.26 0.98-1.62 0.07 Ischemic Time Ref Ref Ref Ischemic Time 6-8 hrs 0.91 0.72-1.34 0.07 Ischemic Time 8-10 hrs 2.15 1.22-3.81 0.01 Ischemic Time >10 hrs 0.63 0.20-2.00 0.63 Recipient Female Gender 0.85 0.76-0.96 0.01 White Ref Ref Ref Black 0.98 0.55-1.73 0.93 Hispanic 1.12 0.62-2.00 0.72 HLA Mismatches ≥4 1.00 0.89-1.13 0.72 Recipient Age 1.01 1.00-1.01 0.04 Sex Mismatch 1.04 0.92-1.17 0.41 Retransplant 1.04 0.89-1.21 0.66 Class I PRA >10% 1.23 1.06-1.42 0.01 Pre-op Ventilator 2.63 2.07-3.34 Pre-op ECMO 4.28 2.07-3.34
Isolation of two novel adenosine binding proteins from bovine brain.

Adenosine plays many significant roles both as a metabolic precursor and cell communicator. This report describes the preliminary characterization of two adenosine binding proteins isolated from bovine brain membranes. By using N6-9-aminononane adenosine labeled Sepharose 4B two major affinity bound proteins were purified having apparent molecular weights of 16 and 35 kDa. Either or both of the proteins could be selectively eluted from the affinity column with N6-9-aminononane adenosine, adenosine, cAMP, AMP, ADP, ATP, R-/S-phenylisopropyladenosine and NAD(H). By contrast, no proteins were eluted with caffeine, adenine, deoxyadenosine, 2′,3′-AMP, inosine, IMP, xanthine, XMP, GMP, GTP or 5′-N-ethylcar☐amideadenosine. The selectivity of elution and lack of apparent enzymatic activity suggests that these proteins are novel membrane bound adenosine binding proteins.
Reduction during π-(cyclopentadienyliron) complexation of 1,8-dichloroanthracene

Abstract Reaction of 1,8-dichloroanthracene with ferrocene and AlCl3Al at 81 or 101 °C affords [η6-(1,8-dichloro-9,10-dihydroantracene)FeCp](PF6) (I) and [η6:η6-(1,8-dichloro-9,10-dihydroanthracene)(FeCp)2](PF6)2 (II). NMR spectral analysis of I and II, isolation of 1,8-dichloro-9,10-dihydroanthracene by pyrolytic sublimation, and X-ray analysis of two crystal forms of I show that the central ring of 1,8-dichloroanthracene is reduced. This agrees with the behavior previously reported for anthracene. NMR supports a trans configuration for dication II.
Observations on the Natural History of Pulmonary Artery Coarctations

Seventeen of a series of 70 patients with coarctation of the pulmonary artery underwent serial cardiac catheterizations from 2.0 to 12.4 years apart. Main pulmonary artery pressures were measured in all patients, and the values from each study were compared. A change in pressure in the main pulmonary artery was considered to reflect a change in the distal pulmonary artery obstruction. Seven patients with no other associated cardiac defects, four with associated pulmonary valve disease, and six with associated left-to-right shunts all demonstrated little change in main pulmonary artery pressures between the two studies. These data substantiate the observation that pulmonary artery coarctations represent a nonprogressive form of congenital heart disease in which the severity of obstruction to pulmonary blood flow does not increase with age.
NON-CONSTRUCTIVE PROPERTIES OF CARDINAL NUMBERS

Let Σ be some standard set theory (Eg. Zermelo Fraenkel or Von Neumann-Bernays-Godel) which does not contain the axiom of choice. Using Σ as the underlying set theory, we shall study operations on infinite cardinals, closely related to exponentiation, and compare the results with known results about exponentiation.
Steroid receptor coactivator 1 deficiency increases MMTV-neu mediated tumor latency and differentiation specific gene expression, decreases metastasis, and inhibits response to PPAR ligands

The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) subgroup of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily is activated by a variety of natural and synthetic ligands. PPARs can heterodimerize with retinoid X receptors, which have homology to other members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Ligand binding to PPAR/RXRs results in recruitment of transcriptional coactivator proteins such as steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC-1) and CREB binding protein (CBP). Both SRC-1 and CBP are histone acetyltransferases, which by modifying nucleosomal histones, produce more open chromatin structure and increase transcriptional activity. Nuclear hormone receptors can recruit limiting amounts of coactivators from other transcription factor binding sites such as AP-1, thereby inhibiting the activity of AP-1 target genes. PPAR and RXR ligands have been used in experimental breast cancer therapy. The role of coactivator expression in mammary tumorigenesis and response to drug therapy has been the subject of recent studies. We examined the effects of loss of SRC-1 on MMTV-neu mediated mammary tumorigenesis. SRC-1 null mutation in mammary tumor prone mice increased the tumor latency period, reduced tumor proliferation index and metastasis, inhibited response to PPAR and RXR ligands, and induced genes involved in mammary gland differentiation. We also examined human breast cancer cell lines overexpressing SRC-1 or CBP. Coactivator overexpression increased cellular proliferation with resistance to PPAR and RXR ligands and remodeled chromatin of the proximal epidermal growth factor receptor promoter. These results indicate that histone acetyltransferases play key roles in mammary tumorigenesis and response to anti-proliferative therapies.
TRITIODESTANNYLATION. SYNTHESIS OF A SPECIFICALLY LABELED (3H)‐TAMOXIFEN

Abstract The recent development of nonsteroidal antiestrogens has increased the prospects for the management of metastatic breast cancer, the most prevalent malignancy among North American and European women. Of these, clinical results have demonstrated tamoxifen (1) to be at least as effective as conventional hormonal treatment while manifesting much reduced side effects.2 As part of a program designed to evaluate inhibitors of aromatization for therapy of breast cancer, we required a tritiated derivative of tamoxifen for pharmacodynamic and radioimmunqassay studies.
Fever in Uremia: Production of Leukocytic Pyrogen by Chronic Dialysis Patients

Uremic patients frequently have low baseline temperatures and a blunted febrile response to infection. We investigated the first step in the generation of a febrile response, the production of leukocytic pyrogen (LP) by blood monocytes, in 12 patients on chronic hemodialysis, five patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), and 17 control subjects. No significant differences were found in the amount of LP produced by hemodialysis patients, CAPD patients, and control subjects. Uremic serum did not decrease LP production by monocytes from control subjects. Hemodialysis patients who were consistently hypothermic (mean oral predialysis temperature ≤ 35.6 °F) produced as much LP as those with more normal oral temperatures (mean oral predialysis temperature ≥ 36.8 °F). Decreased production of LP does not explain the blunted febrile response noted in patients with chronic renal failure.
Alternate Routes to Teacher Certification: A Dangerous Trend

(1986). Alternate Routes to Teacher Certification: A Dangerous Trend. Action in Teacher Education: Vol. 8, Evaluating Alternative Certification, pp. 25-29.
Physical Activity and Screen Time in Adolescents and Their Friends

Background Little is known about the actual physical activity and screen time behaviors of an adolescent's friends relative to the individual's behavior. Purpose To determine the associations between an adolescent's physical activity and screen time and his/her nominated friends' physical activity and screen time. Methods Data were obtained from EAT 2010 (Eating and Activity Among Teens), a large cross-sectional study ( n =2126) conducted in 20 middle schools and high schools in Minneapolis/St. Paul MN during the 2009–2010 academic year and analyzed during 2011. Each participant nominated up to six friends from a school roster, and data from those friends were obtained as part of the school-based data collection procedures. Physical activity and screen time were assessed with previously used and validated questionnaires. Generalized estimating equation models, stratified by gender, were used to assess associations between adolescents' physical activity and screen time and their friends' physical activity and screen time. Results Physical activity for female adolescents was associated with their male and female friends' physical activity, including their male and female best friends (all p p p ≤0.03), but not with that of their best friends. Male adolescents' screen time was associated with only their female friends' screen time ( p =0.04). Conclusions The consistent association between female adolescents' physical activity and their friends' physical activity indicates a need to include peer effects on adolescent female physical activity in future intervention work.
Expression of lactoperoxidase in differentiated mouse colon epithelial cells

Lactoperoxidase (LPO) is known to be present in secreted fluids, such as milk and saliva. Functionally, LPO teams up with dual oxidases (DUOXs) to generate bactericidal hypothiocyanite in the presence of thiocyanate. DUOX2 is expressed in intestinal epithelium, but there is little information on LPO expression in this tissue. To fill the gap of knowledge, we have analyzed Lpo gene expression and its regulation in mouse intestine. In wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 (B6) mouse intestine, an appreciable level of mouse Lpo gene expression was detected in the colon, but not the ileum. However, in B6 mice deficient in glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-1 and -2, GPx1/2-double-knockout (DKO), which had intestinal pathology, the colon Lpo mRNA levels increased 5- to 12-fold depending on mouse age. The Lpo mRNA levels in WT and DKO 129S1/SvlmJ (129) colon were even higher, 9- and 5-fold, than in B6 DKO colon. Higher levels of Lpo protein and enzymatic activity were also detected in the 129 mouse colon compared to B6 colon. Lpo protein was expressed in the differentiated colon epithelial cells, away from the crypt base, as shown by immunohistochemistry. Similar to human LPO mRNA, mouse Lpo mRNA had multiple spliced forms, although only the full-length variant 1 was translated. Higher methylation was found in the 129 than in the B6 strain, in DKO than in control colon, and in older than in juvenile mice. However, methylation of the Lpo intragenic CpG island was not directly induced by inflammation, because dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis did not increase DNA methylation in B6 DKO colon. Also, Lpo DNA methylation is not correlated with gene expression.
Adaptive Control of a Class of Uncertain Dynamic Delay Systems

A robust adaptive controller is developed for a class of uncertain linear dynamic delay-systems where the bound of uncertainty is unknown but its function form is known. It is shown that if a constraint on the norm of the matrix associated with the delayed state is met, then the adaptive controller designed guarantes that all possible responses of the uncertain system are unformly ultimateley bounded. Finally, an example is included to illustrate the results developed in this paper.
Activation of NR1/NR2B NMDA receptors

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are highly expressed in the central nervous system and are involved in excitatory synaptic transmission as well as synaptic plasticity. Despite considerable structural and biophysical research, the mechanism behind activation of the NMDA receptor is still poorly understood. By analyzing patch clamp recordings of one channel activated by glutamate, we determined the burst structure and open probability for recombinant rat NR1/NR2B receptors. We used partial agonists at the glutamate and glycine binding sites to show that at least two kinetically distinct subunit-associated conformational changes link co-agonist binding to the opening of the NMDA receptor pore. These data suggest that NR1 and NR2B subunits, respectively, undergo a fast and slow agonist-dependent conformational change that precedes opening of the pore. We propose a new working model of receptor activation that can account for macroscopic as well as microscopic NMDA receptor properties.
A prospective study of the EYEPORT Vision Training System

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine if vision training with the EYEPORT™ system affects vision and reading performance. (Subsequent to this study, the “E.Y.E.” has been renamed “EYEPORT™”) METHODS: College students with normal vision (n 31) participated in a blind, crossover study to assess within-subject and between-group effects of EYEPORT training. Half the subjects initially underwent training (10 minutes per day, 6 days a week for 3 weeks), and then crossed over to the no-train control condition (3 weeks); the other half underwent the reverse sequence. Vision and reading performance were assessed at baseline, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks. RESULTS: Multivariate analyses (Hotelling’s T 2 ) found small improvements in vergence and accommodative facility, reading performance, and stereopsis response time after EYEPORT training (P 0.025). Enhancements in reading performance and vergence facility were still present 3 weeks after cessation of training (P 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The EYEPORT training system shows potential to enhance visual performance and reading ability. Studies are underway to assess its efficacy in symptomatic populations. Optometry 2006;77:508-514