cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structures, phase stabilities, and electrical potentials of Li-Si battery anode materials

The Li-Si materials system holds promise for use as an anode in Li-ion battery applications. For this system, we determine the charge capacity, voltage profiles, and energy storage density solely by ab initio methods without any experimental input. We determine the energetics of the stable and metastable Li-Si phases likely to form during the charging and discharging of a battery. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are used to model the structure of amorphous Li-Si as a function of composition, and a genetic algorithm coupled to density-functional theory searches the Li-Si binary phase diagram for small-cell, metastable crystal structures. Calculations of the phonon densities of states using density-functional perturbation theory for selected structures determine the importance of vibrational, including zero-point, contributions to the free energies. The energetics and local structural motifs of these metastable Li-Si phases closely resemble those of the amorphous phases, making these small unit cell crystal phases good approximants of the amorphous phase for use in further studies. The charge capacity is estimated, and the electrical potential profiles and the energy density of Li-Si anodes are predicted. We find, in good agreement with experimental measurements, that the formation of amorphous Li-Si only slightly increases the anode potential. Additionally, the genetic algorithm identifies a previously unreported member of the Li-Si binary phase diagram with composition Li${}_{5}$Si${}_{2}$ which is stable at 0 K with respect to previously known phases. We discuss its relationship to the partially occupied Li${}_{7}$Si${}_{3}$ phase.
Cross-sectional epidemiological survey of HIV/AIDS infection among pregnant and parturient women in Guangxi in 2011-2012

Objective To understandt the epidemic status of HIV/AIDS,syphilis and HCV,HIV/AIDS related knowledge and high-risk behaviors among pregnant and parturient women in Guangxi. Methods All pregnant and parturient women in 35 HIV/AIDS sentinel sites in Guangxu Zhuang Autonomous Region were surveyed for HIV knowledge syphilis and HCV. infection. Data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0. Results Of 28 078 pregnant and parturient women surveyed the correct answer rate of questionnaire survey was 95.74%. Totally 28 077 plasma samples were tested the HIV positive rate was 0.10%(29/28077),the positive rate of syphilis was 0.81%(227/28077),and the positive rate of HCV was 0.23%(64/28077);The overall awareness rate of HIV/AIDS related knowledge were 88.43% and the awareness rate of three major transmission routes of AIDS was. 93%～97.14%. One-way analysis revealed that education levell, husbands took drugs, HIV/STD and /or HCV infection of the husbands,having more than one sex partners were the risk factors for acquiring HIV infection. Multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that risk of infecting HIV of pregnant and parturient women with education below jprimary school was 4.40 times higher others(P=0.01,95%CI=(1.37,14.12));and the risk of HIV infection in those whose husbands were AIDS cases or STD infected was 152.57 times higher than that those whose husband were not AIDS cases or infected STD non- infects(P=0.01,95% CI=(49.06,474.47)). Conclusions The infection rate of HIV/AIDS and HCV among pregnant and parturient women in Guangxi is still low,but the syphilis infection rate is comparatively high.Attention be paid to the pregnant and parturient women whose husbands took drugs,with HIV infection and whom herself had other sexual partners besides husband, and whom herself was infected with HCV and with education level below primary school so as to interrupt the transmission of HIV.
Diagnosis of Robotic Workcells by Behavioral Models

Much current research in AI approaches to diagnosis [DeKleer 83] focuses on purely electronic or mechanical systems. These techniques may not apply to systems in which hardware and software interact. In many computer control systems such as real-time systems, process control, and robotic manufacturing cells, functional behavior of hardware is mainly determined by the application-specific software. In addition, the hardware behavior may make changes in the workcell environment, which may be detected by sensors, and in turn modify the control flow of software. In this paper, a principle of modelling hardware behavior in such environments is described. An effective procedure is presented to construct causal chains from the behavioral model for diagnostic reasoning about hardware faults. Furthermore, a comparison of the causal chain and traditional watchdog timer techniques is made.
The artificial sphincter AS800 in congenital urinary incontinence.

AbstractThe artificial urinary sphincter AS800 was implanted in 33 male and 13 female patients with congenital urinary tract incontinence. In 15 patients (32 per cent) previous operations to correct incontinence had failed. The sphincter was implanted around the bladder neck in 43 patients and around the bulbous urethra in 3. Mean patient age at the time of sphincter implantation was 13 years. In 40 patients (87 per cent) the sphincter functions well after a mean followup of 25 months and 39 patients (85 per cent) have satisfactory continence. In 6 patients the sphincter was removed because urethral, vulvar or scrotal erosions developed, all of whom had had previous surgical procedures in the area of the erosion. In 1 patient not operated upon previously erosion of the bulbous urethra developed. He did well after a new sphincter was implanted around the bladder neck. Five patients required an enterocystoplasty to achieve continence following the sphincter implantation. Nine patients required surgical revi...
The Engineering Profession in the 21st Century — Educational Needs and Societal Challenges Facing the Profession

As author and journalist Thomas Friedman has declared, the world is now flat and globalization of the economy has amplified the impact of technology on modern societies in ways that could not have been predicted. The connectivity provided by the Internet has generated new markets for products and services, but also has made available labor that is often both educated and cheap. This is having a profound impact on the distribution of wealth in both the developed and the developing part of the world. That education plays a role in the prosperity of nations is not debated, but many authors argue that it is specifically the presence of both knowledge and know-how that determines how well off societies are. The education of engineers is therefore critical to every nation to ensure the prosperity of their citizens. The engineering profession in the 21st Century is evolving between developing and developed countries in light of certain aspects of engineering talent becoming a commodity. The 2007 Hoyt Memorial Lecture addressed the re-engineering of engineering education for the 21st century to address these changing paradigms; the focus was on the materials engineering profession and the metals processing industry.
Blunt injuries of the genitourinary tract.

Diagnosis and treatment of blunt urinary tract injuries — kidney trauma, ruptured bladder, and ruptured urethra.
Computers in urban elementary schools: a multi-dimensional report

AbstractA research team looked at two private urban elementary schools that had pilot micro-computer projects. They collected information that was descriptive and highly field-based. Their report includes findings from a written faculty staff survey, teacher interviews, data on student use of the computer, student surveys, classroom observations, student interviews, parent interviews, and interviews with principals. They found enthusiasm for innovation to be high and offer suggestions on how to implement new technology in inner-city settings.
Development and Validation of Pathogen Environmental Monitoring Programs for Small Cheese Processing Facilities.

ABSTRACT Pathogen environmental monitoring programs (EMPs) are essential for food processing facilities of all sizes that produce ready-to-eat food products exposed to the processing environment. We developed, implemented, and evaluated EMPs targeting Listeria spp. and Salmonella in nine small cheese processing facilities, including seven farmstead facilities. Individual EMPs with monthly sample collection protocols were designed specifically for each facility. Salmonella was detected in only one facility, with likely introduction from the adjacent farm indicated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis data. Listeria spp. were isolated from all nine facilities during routine sampling. The overall Listeria spp. (other than Listeria monocytogenes) and L. monocytogenes prevalences in the 4,430 environmental samples collected were 6.03 and 1.35%, respectively. Molecular characterization and subtyping data suggested persistence of a given Listeria spp. strain in seven facilities and persistence of L. monocytogenes...
A New Target in Multiple Myeloma: Inhibition of Notch Pathway Induces Apoptosis and Enhances Drug Sensitivity of Myeloma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo.

Bone marrow (BM) microenvironment and particularly BM stromal cells play a critical role in de novo drug resistance of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. BM stromal cells express Notch ligands and activate Notch signaling in MM cells. We have previously demonstrated that Notch signaling is one of the major mechanisms of BM stroma mediated MM cell protection from chemotherapeutic drugs. Here we investigated whether the pharmacological inhibition of Notch signaling with γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) could affect viability of MM cells and overcome BM stroma mediated resistance of MM cells to chemotherapy. GSI (6–8 μM) induced apoptosis of MM cells cultured in suspension or on monolayer of BM stroma via specific inhibition of Notch signaling. The effect of GSI was evaluated in four different MM cell lines and primary MM cells isolated from BM of four patients with MM. Treatment with GSI alone significantly reduced the viability of MM cells with IC 50 almost 5-fold lower than that for peripheral blood mononuclear cells or BM cells from healthy donors. In addition, treatment of MM cells with GSI reversed BM stroma mediated protection of MM cells from drug-induced apoptosis. This effect of GSI was associated by dramatic up-regulation of pro-apoptotic protein NOXA and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins bcl-xL, bcl-2, and Akt. Inhibition of NOXA with siRNA canceled the cytotoxic effect of GSI on MM cells indicating that NOXA could mediate the direct effect of GSI on MM cells. To test the effect of GSI on MM cells in vivo we used SCID/NOD mouse model. Mice were injected s.c. with human MM RPMI-8226 cells. These cells express both Notch ligands and Notch receptors so Notch signaling is activated by interaction between MM cells themselves. Tumor became visible in ~3 weeks after inoculation and grew as a solid tumor which allowed easily monitoring tumor size. Mice were treated with doxorubicin (1.5 mg/kg, i.p., once a 4 days, 3 times), GSI (5mg/kg/day i.p. for 14 days), combinations of doxorubicin and GSI, or vehicle control (PBS). Tumor size was constantly monitored during treatment and 3 weeks after the treatment. Treatment with doxorubicin and GSI alone resulted in moderate decreased in tumor burden as compared with control group. In contrast, combination of GSI and doxorubicin induced dramatic antitumor effect. Thus, our study, for the first time, demonstrates that inhibition of Notch signaling with GSI can be a new promising approach for therapeutic intervention in MM.
Insertion depth impacts speech perception and hearing preservation for lateral wall electrodes.

Objectives 1) Examine angular insertion depths (AID) and scalar location of Med-El (GmbH Innsbruck, Austria) electrodes; and 2) determine the relationship between AID and audiologic outcomes controlling for scalar position. Study Design Retrospective review. Methods Postlingually deafened adults undergoing cochlear implantation with Flex 24, Flex 28, and Standard electrode arrays (Med-El) were identified. Patients with preoperative and postoperative computed tomography scans were included so that electrode location and AID could be determined. Outcome measures were 1) speech perception in the cochlear implant (CI)-only condition, and 2) short-term hearing preservation. Results Forty-eight implants were included; all electrodes (48 of 48) were positioned entirely within the scala tympani. The median AID was 408° (interquartile [IQ] range 373°–449°) for Flex 24, 575° (IQ range 465°–584°) for Flex 28, and 584° (IQ range 368°–643°) for Standard electrodes (Med-El). The mean postoperative CNC score was 43.7% ± 21.9. A positive correlation was observed between greater AID and better CNC performance (r = 0.48, P < 0.001). Excluding patients with postoperative residual hearing, a strong correlation between AID and CNC persisted (r = 0.57, P < 0.001). In patients with preoperative residual hearing, mean low-frequency pure-tone average (PTA) shift was 27 dB ± 14. A correlation between AID and low-frequency PTA shift at activation was noted (r = 0.41, P = 0.04). Conclusion Favorable rates of scala tympani insertion (100%) were observed. In the CI-only condition, a direct correlation between greater AID and CNC score was noted regardless of postoperative hearing status. Deeper insertions were, however, associated with worse short-term hearing preservation. When patients without postoperative residual hearing were analyzed independently, the relationship between greater insertion depth and better performance was strengthened. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 127:2352–2357, 2017
Illegal firearm availability and violence: neighborhood-level analysis

Violence involving firearms poses a serious threat to public safety in urban areas. The present study examines how illegal firearm availability (IFA) is related to firearm violence at the neighborhood level. We analyzed 3 years (from 2005 to 2007) of recovered firearm and violent index crime data from Newark, New Jersey. Violent index crime is separated into three categories by level of firearm use: shootings, display of firearm violence (DFV), and no-firearm violence (NFV). Negative binominal regression was conducted to examine the relationship between IFA and firearm violence at the neighborhood level while controlling for neighborhood conditions. Firearm violence is prevalent in Newark: over 90% of homicides and 47% of robberies were committed with a firearm. IFA is related to increased shootings and NFV, but not to DFV. IFA is a robust predictor of shootings in Newark, New Jersey. Neighborhood conditions influence IFA and firearm violence. IFA may reflect neighborhood distress level, given that areas with high IFA experience increased firearm violence as well as NFV. The local clustering of violent crime suggests placed-focused policing strategies aimed at removing firearms would aid in curbing serious firearm violence in urban neighborhoods.
On-Line Multiple Component and Instrument Fault Diagnosis in Dynamic Systems

Abstract This paper presents a methodology, for on-line implementation, to diagnose failure(s) when it occurs in physical plant component(s) and/or Instrument(s). This methodology allows detecting component faults by a bank of matched filters. The detection of instrument failures is accomplished by a bank of full-order Luenberger .observers. A rule-based technique is also developed and used to Identify a failure. Simulation results of an aircraft model have shown that this diagnostic approach is applicable to a large number of failures, and the action to remove these failures is also possible via an automated process.
In Potential Stroke Patients on Warfarin, the International Normalized Ratio Predicts Ischemia.

BACKGROUND Stroke can occur in patients on warfarin despite anticoagulation. Patients with a low international normalized ratio (INR) should theoretically be at greater risk for ischemia than those who are therapeutic. Therefore, INR may be able to indicate whether new neurological deficits are more likely strokes or stroke mimics in patients on warfarin. This study evaluates the association and predictive value of INR in determining the likelihood of ischemia. METHODS Patients were identified using the acute stroke registry at a Primary Stroke Center from January 2013 through December 2014. All adult patients undergoing evaluation for acute stroke with prior documented use of warfarin and an INR level at presentation were included. Data were collected regarding patient demographics, medical comorbidities, stroke severity, reason for anticoagulation, and laboratory studies including INR. Student t tests and χ2 analysis were used to evaluate factors associated with increased likelihood of ischemia (stroke or transient ischemic attack) versus mimic. Significant results were entered into a multivariable regression analysis. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were conducted to determine the predictive value of INR for ischemic risk. RESULTS 116 patients were included; 46 were diagnosed with ischemia, 70 were diagnosed as mimics. 75% of patients were on warfarin for atrial fibrillation versus 25% for venous thrombosis. A statistically significant difference in mean INR for patients with ischemia (n = 46) versus mimics (n = 70) was observed (1.7 vs. 2.8; p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, both sub-therapeutic INR (p < 0.001) and atrial fibrillation (p = 0.014) were predictors of ischemia. In patients with an INR ≥2, the predictive value of having a non-ischemic etiology was 79%. No patient with an INR of ≥3.6 was found to have ischemia. CONCLUSIONS Sub-therapeutic INR and atrial fibrillation are strongly associated with ischemia in patients on warfarin presenting with acute neurologic symptoms. Ischemia is far less likely in patients with an INR of ≥2 and rare in those with an INR ≥3.6. This study shows that the INR value of a patient on warfarin can help stratify patients' risk for acute ischemic stroke and guide further neurologic imaging and workup.
End-of-Life Intensity for Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer: A Californian Population-Based Study That Shows Disparities.

Purpose:Cancer is the leading cause of nonaccidental death among adolescents and young adults (AYAs). High-intensity end-of-life care is expensive and may not be consistent with patient goals. However, the intensity of end-of-life care for AYA decedents with cancer—especially the effect of care received at specialty versus nonspecialty centers—remains understudied.Methods:We conducted a retrospective, population-based analysis with the California administrative discharge database that is linked to death certificates. The cohort included Californians age 15 to 39 years who died between 2000 and 2011 with cancer. Intense end-of-life interventions included readmission, admission to an intensive care unit, intubation in the last month of life, and in-hospital death. Specialty centers were defined as Children’s Oncology Group centers and National Cancer Institute–designated comprehensive cancer centers.Results:Of the 12,938 AYA cancer decedents, 59% received at least one intense end-of-life care intervention, ...
Design for graceful degradation and recovery from GNSS interruptions

In guidance, navigation, and control (GN&C) of small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), estimates of the vehicle's kinematic states are generated by an integrated navigation system. In current applications, the system of choice is an inertial navigation system (INS) aided by measurements from a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver. One of the shortcomings of these integrated GNSS/INSs is the problem of temporary or prolonged GNSS outages. These outages can occur because of temporary signal loss due to obstructions, a prolonged outage due to interference or jamming, or deliberate action by the GN&C system to isolate a failed receiver or reject an anomalous signal in space. In these instances, the position, velocity, and attitude solutions generated by processing the inertial measurement unit (IMU) outputs alone in INSs quickly drift. To mitigate this drift, alternate aiding signals such as cameras [1]– [5], radars [6], light detection and ranging (LIDAR) [7], or other signals of opportunity [8] have been used. When the only kinematic state of interest is attitude (e.g., UAV stabilization), IMUs aided by magnetometers and airspeed sensors have been used to mechanize attitude heading reference systems (AHRSs). A system architecture that uses an AHRS and airspeed measurements to mechanize a dead-reckoning (DR) navigator aided by the relative range measurement between cooperating vehicles is discussed in [9], [10].
Co-invading symbiotic mutualists of Medicago polymorpha retain high ancestral diversity and contain diverse accessory genomes

Exotic, invasive plants and animals can wreak havoc on ecosystems by displacing natives and altering environmental conditions. However, much less is known about the identities or evolutionary dynamics of the symbiotic microbes that accompany invasive species. Most leguminous plants rely upon symbiotic rhizobium bacteria to fix nitrogen and are incapable of colonizing areas devoid of compatible rhizobia. We compare the genomes of symbiotic rhizobia in a portion of the legume's invaded range with those of the rhizobium symbionts from across the legume's native range. We show that in an area of California the legume Medicago polymorpha has invaded, its Ensifer medicae symbionts: (i) exhibit genome-wide patterns of relatedness that together with historical evidence support host-symbiont co-invasion from Europe into California, (ii) exhibit population genomic patterns consistent with the introduction of the majority of deep diversity from the native range, rather than a genetic bottleneck during colonization of California and (iii) harbor a large set of accessory genes uniquely enriched in binding functions, which could play a role in habitat invasion. Examining microbial symbiont genome dynamics during biological invasions is critical for assessing host-symbiont co-invasions whereby microbial symbiont range expansion underlies plant and animal invasions.
Progressive osteoarthritis during pregnancy several years following hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement.

Abstract Case A 28-year-old with borderline left hip dysplasia who underwent arthroscopic acetabuloplasty, femoral osteochondroplasty, and labral repair for femoroacetabular impingement. She did well for 8 years, though required arthroscopic capsulolabral adhesion release 2 years after the initial procedure. After this period of stability, she developed left hip pain during pregnancy. Radiographs demonstrated progressive osteoarthritis that lead to total hip arthroplasty at age 37. Conclusion The physiologic and hormonal changes during pregnancy leading to increased ligamentous laxity may put vulnerable patients with hip dysplasia and iatrogenic instability at increased risk for progression of osteoarthritis.
NAFLD and HIV: Do Sex, Race, and Ethnicity Explain HIV-Related Risk?

Here, we review the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the general population, discuss HIV-specific differences in NAFLD pathogenesis, and summarize what is known regarding differences in NAFLD by race/ethnicity and sex. The reported prevalence of NAFLD among people living with HIV varies by age, body mass index, comorbidity, and method of NAFLD diagnosis, but is generally thought to be greater among HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected populations. Minorities and women tend to experience poorer HIV treatment outcomes (Meditz et al. J Infect Dis. 203(4):442–51, 2011; Beer et al. Medicine (Baltimore). 95(13):e 3171, 2016; Gant et al. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 66(40):1065–72, 2017; Millett et al. Lancet. 380(9839):341–8, 2012; Wejnert et al. J Infect Dis. 213(5):776–83, 2016), and are at the greatest risk for significant weight gain with HIV treatment (Erlandson et al. Medicine (Baltimore). 95(46):e 5399, 2016). Thus, women and minorities living with HIV may be at a higher risk of developing NAFLD and progressive liver disease. Disparities in the diagnosis, progression, and prognosis of NAFLD and HIV-associated NAFLD may be, in part, explained by genetic and sex differences; however, data is limited.
Parametric Approach on Field Propagation

Conventional Fourier transform method of angular spectrum propagation to estimate field distribution at planes distant from the measuring plane has several problems. These are wrap-around arror, replicated sources problem and side-lobe leakage effects due to windowing the data. These effects are inevitable as far as the discrete Fourier transform is concerned. One suggestion to eliminate these effects is to apply a parametric modelling approach to estimate the Fourier transform pair.
A small intestine trans-epithelial conduit system assists in lamina propria DC sampling (90.2)

The mechanisms by which lamina propria DCs sample antigens from the gut remains a crucial topic in mucosal immunology. DCs acquire antigen by several distinct processes including M cell transcytosis, specialized transport involving the neonatal Fc receptor, paracellular leak and by DC trans-epithelial dendrite extension. The continuous sampling of luminal contents by gut resident DCs could both contribute to rapid pathogen recognition and provide normal flora and food antigens for tolerance induction. We used two-photon microscopy, to examine DC sampling behavior in vivo and discovered a previously unreported small-intestine-trans-epithelial-conduit (SiTEC) system. We found that SiTECs could carry macromolecules across the epithelium to the lamina propria where they were taken up by resident DCs. SiTECs have a functional molecular weight cut-off of approximately 70kD based on dextran permeability and can pass small proteins as well. The SiTEC system presents a simple mechanism to deliver luminal antigens to lamina propria DCs for the maintenance of tolerance in the steady-state.
The Microbiome and Bone

Abstract The microbiome consists of the genetic components of the microorganisms that inhabit the body including the skin, oral cavity, and gastrointestinal tract. Changes in the constituents of the microbiome have been associated with chronic disease. This chapter provides an introduction to the microbiome including a discussion of methodologies used to manipulate the microbiome in animals. Additionally, this chapter reviews what is known about the effects of the microbiome on bone morphology, density, and mechanical properties. Although existing data are limited, the constituents of the microbiome can have a profound effect on bone health. Existing preclinical studies are placed in context with potential mechanisms that link the microbiome to bone.
Residential energy supply market: Unmet promises and needed reforms

Abstract This article explores the market distortions and behaviors that have undercut the promise and performance of residential energy markets. Market trends are discussed, and possible paths forward are identified for reducing these market distortions. If policymakers are unwilling to eliminate residential energy markets, aggressive and extensive reforms of residential energy markets are warranted.
Microwave-assisted integration of transition metal oxide nanocoatings on manganese oxide nanoarray monoliths for low temperature CO oxidation

Abstract Manganese oxide (OMS-2), a promising exhaust treatment catalyst, has been successfully integrated onto the channel wall surfaces of cordierite honeycombs in the form of a nanoarray forest. To further improve their catalytic carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation activity, a series of different metal oxide nanocoatings were uniformly grown on the surface of OMS-2 nanoarrays by utilizing a facile and fast microwave-assisted synthesis method. The manganese-cobalt oxide core-shell nanoarray based monolithic catalysts exhibit the highest catalytic performance with a 100% CO conversion at 150 °C, in a sharp contrast with 325 °C for the bare OMS-2 nanoarrays. Different growth mechanisms of the layered Co(OH)2 and spinel Co3O4 induced by different cobalt precursors are used to explain the morphology evolution of the manganese-cobalt oxide core-shell nanoarrays. The Co3+ distributed on the surface of the nanoarrays acts as the active sites for CO oxidation. The small grain size, abundant surface-adsorbed oxygen, and interfacial effects between MnO2 and Co3O4 were found to favor the observed high catalytic activity. A thermal annealing study showed that high temperature induces the sintering of the nanoarray catalyst, which further affects the CO oxidation activity. This fast, cost-effective, and scalable method will provide a new route for synthesizing efficient core-shell nanoarray monolithic catalysts for low temperature catalysis.
Fluorinated derivatives of N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) as substrates of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)

3180 Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a type II integral membrane protein. In healthy subjects, PSMA expression is highly prostate specific and its expression is upregulated in poorly differentiated and advanced prostate cancers. Furthermore, PSMA is also expressed on the tumor vascular endothelium of virtually all solid carcinomas and sarcomas, but not on normal vascular endothelium. Therefore, PSMA is a potentially useful target for diagnosis and therapy across a wide spectrum of solid tumors. We are interested in developing low molecular weight ligands against PSMA as imaging agents since antibodies present problems such as limited diffusion into the tumor and non-specific binding in the liver. PSMA is also a hydrolytic enzyme with hydrolytic activity against polygammaglutamated folates, and N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG). It is well recognized that replacing a hydrogen atom by fluorine atom in a chemical entity can bring significant changes in its chemical and biochemical behavior due to its strong electron withdrawing effect. Therefore, we proposed to develop fluorinated derivatives of PSMA substrate aspartylglutamate/NAAG that can be taken up by the tumor cells’ amino acid transporters to provide information about tumor metabolic activity and PSMA protein density. The fluorine containing amino acids 1-4 was synthesized in a manner whereby either N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-aspartic acid-β-benzyl ester [Boc-Asp(OBzl)-OH] or N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-α-fluoro-aspartic acid-β-benzyl ester [Boc-F-Asp(OBzL)-OH] was coupled by the mixed anhydride method with either γ-fluoro-glutamic acid dibenzyl ester [F-Glu(OBzl)-OBzl] or glutamic acid dibenzyl ester [Glu(OBzl)-OBzl] followed by deprotection of the N-tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) group and O-Benzyloxyl (OBzl) group. Both the N-acetylated version and the non-acetylated version were made because there has been a discrepancy in the literature as to the Km for the non-acetylated version with two reports having it at 20 nanomolar and one report at 500 nanomolar. Currently we are testing if these fluorinated aspartylglutamate analogues have good binding affinity to PSMA and if they can be take up the tumor cells. Once these properties have been confirmed, we will synthesize F-18 radiolabelled compounds for future positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies. Financial Support: DOD New Idea Award PC060746.
Learner Analysis to Inform the Design and Development of a Serious Game for Nongaming Female Emerging Health Care Preprofessionals: Qualitative Sample Study

Background: Overall, 75% of health care practitioners are women, but half of all females do not play digital games of any kind. There is no consensus in the literature regarding optimal design elements to maximize the efficacy of serious games. To capitalize on the promise of serious games in health care education, it is important for instructional designers to understand the underlying learners’ values, attitudes, and beliefs that might motivate nongaming female health care preprofessional students to independently choose to persistently play serious games to mastery. Objective: Specifically, the aim of this study was to seek answers to 2 questions. First, what values, attitudes, and beliefs contribute to the nongaming behaviors of 12th-grade female emerging health care preprofessionals? Second, how do the values, attitudes, and beliefs of 12th-grade female emerging health care preprofessionals align with important design features of serious games? Methods: In this study, a learner analysis was conducted using semistructured interviews with 8 12th-grade college-bound female health science students to better understand learners’ values, attitudes, and beliefs to inform the design and development of a serious game. These interviewees represented a diverse subset of the female emerging health care preprofessionals who self-identified themselves as not playing games at all, not very often, or infrequently. Results: The findings suggest that the study participants exhibited a complex fusion of desire for both accomplishment and affiliation. The participants were all independent, competitive, and prosocial leaders. They thought strategically and consciously self-limited their leisure time to achieve personally meaningful long-term goals. They embraced overcoming expected failures and aimed to achieve relevant high-stakes wins in all academic, athletic, extracurricular, and leisure activities they valued while consciously avoiding what they considered to be non–goal-oriented activities. Conclusions: The results of this study reinforce the need for a robust learner analysis to identify the multifaceted behavioral characteristics of targeted learners before the design and development of serious games. The common characteristics of the 12th-grade female health science students in this study suggest that they will choose to invest their limited leisure time playing a personally meaningful, preprofessionally authentic serious game if the collective design elements are aligned with the students’ self-conceptualization of their present or future selves.
Scrambling versus relaxation in Fermi and non-Fermi liquids

We compute the Lyapunov exponent characterizing quantum scrambling in a family of generalized Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models, which can be tuned between different low temperature states from Fermi liquids, through non-Fermi liquids, to fast scramblers. The analytic calculation, controlled by a small coupling constant and large $N$, allows us to clarify the relations between the quasiparticle relaxation rate $1/\ensuremath{\tau}$ and the Lyapunov exponent ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{L}$ characterizing scrambling. In the Fermi liquid states we find that the quasiparticle relaxation rate dictates the Lyapunov exponent. In non-Fermi liquids, where $1/\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\gg}T$, we find that ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{L}$ is always $T$ linear with a prefactor that is independent of the coupling constant in the limit of weak coupling. Instead it is determined by a scaling exponent that characterizes the relaxation rate. ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{L}$ approaches the general upper bound $2\ensuremath{\pi}T$ at the transition to a fast scrambling state. Finally, in a marginal Fermi liquid state the exponent is linear in temperature with a prefactor that vanishes as a nonanalytic function $\ensuremath{\sim}gln(1/g)$ of the coupling constant $g$.
HL-210: Assessment and Reporting of Quality of Life Measures in Pivotal Clinical Trials of Lymphoma

Context Clinical trials are integral to improve treatment outcomes for patients with lymphoma. The importance of assessing and reporting of health-related quality of life (QoL) has been increasingly recognized in the field of oncology. QoL measures, which reflect patient's perceived benefits and satisfaction, might be especially important in lymphoma clinical trials, where the intervention may not result in cure. Objective To investigate assessment of health-related QoL in clinical trials that resulted in a subsequent approval of drugs to treat lymphoma by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and to determine if ensuing published studies reported QoL as part of their results. Design Data on health-related QoL were obtained from studies' protocols and product labeling available publicly at Drugs@FDA. Drugs approved in the period of 2016 till 2020 were analyzed. Setting On the basis of publicly available study protocols and FDA reviews, the authors reviewed the assessment of health-related QoL in 19 clinical trials supporting 17 drug approvals. Those trials resulted in approval of medications to treat classic Hodgkin lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, and T cell lymphoma. Patients or other participants A total of 5292 patients were assessed in the 5-year period after exclusion of unpublished studies. Main outcome measures We calculated the frequency of assessment of health-related QoL and if QoL measures were reported in the subsequent publications. Results After exclusion of 2 unpublished studies, we analyzed 17 clinical trials for reporting of health-related QoL. Eighteen percent of the protocols included assessment of health-related QoL with only 33% of them (6% of all the analyzed clinical trials) reported the results of health-related QoL. The results were consistent across all lymphoma subtypes and were similar regardless of the studied primary endpoint. Conclusions Health-related QoL measures are under studied in clinical trials of lymphoma. Studies that measured QoL didn't report the results in more than half of the time. Improvement in assessing and reporting of QoL will help to incorporate QoL measures in patient care and therapy choice decision.
Allostatic Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Transgender and Gender Expansive Youth: Protocol for a Pilot Cohort Study.

Background: A growing number of adolescents are coming out as transgender and gender expansive (TGE). These teenagers have been shown to have significantly worse health outcomes than their cisgender peers. Hypotheses to explain this discrepancy are based on increased stress levels surrounding the societal acceptance of gender identity. In this context, elevated allostatic load (AL), which describes the wear and tear sustained by the body in response to repeated exposure to stress, has been associated with adverse long-term health outcomes. Objective: This protocol aims to measure AL among TGE adolescents compared with their cisgender peers and assess how AL varies depending on psychological stress and perceived societal acceptance. Methods: This is an observational proof-of-concept pilot study in which AL will be measured by assaying an array of inflammatory cytokines and cortisol in urine, saliva, and hair samples of TGE youth, and these parameters will be compared with those of age-matched control participants. A questionnaire will assess 4 aspects of psychosocial well-being: presence and management of depression and anxiety, gender identity support by family members, gender minority stress, and degree of perceived safety in the surrounding community. Samples and surveys will be collected at 3 visits (baseline, 6 months, and 12 months). This study will incorporate TGE coinvestigators to inform all aspects of design, data collection, and analysis and ensure that practices are carried out in a respectful and sensitive manner. Results: As of May 2021, the start of data collection for this project has continued to be postponed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has both impacted the functioning of the clinic and funding requests. We hope to begin participant recruitment and interviews with coinvestigators soon. Conclusions: We hypothesize that AL will be primarily influenced by psychological well-being and perceived support and that it will be similar in TGE adolescents and in age-matched cisgender control participants when acceptance and perceived support are high. The results of this study have the potential to increase our understanding of the health challenges faced by TGE individuals during adolescence as well as to show that low levels of acceptance may have detrimental health outcomes secondary to elevated ALs; this may lead to the development of a biomarker profile to assess allostatic stress in TGE patients that can be used to guide management.
Abstract P604: Incidentally-Discovered Asymptomatic Ischemic Lesions Identified Using Natural Language Processing Are Strong Risk Markers for Future Ischemic Stroke

Background: White matter disease (WMD) and silent brain infarction (SBI) are known to be risk markers for stroke. Nevertheless, the predictive value of these changes when seen incidentally on routi...
We Are More Than Our Trauma

This chapter begins with a discussion of time and healing and what it means to learn from the past. The chapter uses Deer’s idea of Indigenous people being more than their trauma to explore the experience of Indigenous people through the lens of Deep Time and Long Histories. This chapter illustrates the decolonization of history and time as a means of Indigenizing academic dialogues. Using the earlier chapters in the book, this chapter introduces Indigenous knowledge to advance equity and inclusion in academic scholarship. Using Indigenous understandings of interrelatedness, reciprocity, becoming, and spirit, Earth history takes on knowledge dimensions beyond the limited constructs of written language in a way that creates a broader experience of phenomenology and existence as a whole.
Acosadas en terreno: El género, la raza, la nación y la construcción del conocimiento etnográfico

El acoso sexual y la sexualizacion son experiencias comunes para las mujeres investigadoras cuando llevan a cabo trabajo de campo. Sin embargo, estos temas rara vez se mencionan en los libros y clases de metodos. Este articulo se basa en entrevistas con investigadoras/es cualitativas/os (47 mujeres y nueve hombres) en la academia norteamericana y critica el silencio que rodea al acoso sexual en terreno. Sostenemos que este silencio es un indicador de un problema mayor: las/los investigadoras/es eliminan experiencias corporizadas de su investigacion cualitativa. El silencio disciplinario que rodea el acoso sexual tiene un costo tanto para las/los investigadoras/es individuales como para la construccion del conocimiento etnografico. Sostenemos que las/los investigadoras/es cualitativas/os deben hacer una reflexion critica sobre como el trabajo de campo y la recoleccion de datos estan moldeados por el genero, la raza, la sexualidad y la nacionalidad, y hacemos un llamado por la inclusion de las experiencias corporales, reconociendo las maneras en que estas son mutuamente constitutivas en la produccion de conocimientos.
Cytoskeletal regulation of a transcription factor by DNA mimicry

Abstract A long-established strategy for transcription regulation is the tethering of transcription factors to cellular membranes. In contrast, the principal effectors of Hedgehog signaling, the Gli transcription factors, are regulated by microtubules in the primary cilium and the cytoplasm. How Gli is tethered to microtubules remains unclear. We uncover DNA mimicry by the ciliary kinesin Kif7 as a mechanism for the recruitment of Gli to microtubules, revealing a new mode of tethering a DNA-binding protein to the cytoskeleton. Gli increases the Kif7-microtubule affinity and consequently modulates the localization of both proteins to microtubules and the cilium tip. Thus, the kinesin-microtubule system is not a passive Gli tether but a regulatable platform tuned by the kinesin-transcription factor interaction. We re-tooled the unique DNA-mimicry-based Gli-Kif7 interaction for inhibiting the nuclear and cilium localization of Gli. This strategy can be potentially exploited for downregulating erroneously activated Gli in human cancers.
Force Requirements and Friction in Warm Working Operations

A clear understanding of the force requirements in metalworking operations is still not entirely available to the manufacturing engineer, in spite of the fact that we are now more than forty years beyond some of the original publications of Siebel(1) and Sachs (2).
The multiple ADP/ATP translocase genes are differentially expressed during human muscle development

The expression of the genes encoding the three isoforms of the human ADP/ATP translocase (T1, T2, and T3) has been analyzed at different stages of myogenic differentiation in an in vitro muscle cell system and compared with that in mature muscle. The results indicate that the three stages of muscle differentiation corresponding to myoblast proliferation, myotube formation, and mature muscle fibers are characterized by a different pattern of expression of the ADP/ATP translocase genes. In particular, the two T2-specific mRNAs are present at high, similar levels in myoblasts and myotubes and markedly decrease in amount in mature adult muscle. By contrast, the T3-specific mRNA is present in high amount in growing myoblasts, decreases markedly in myotubes, and is barely detectable in adult muscle. Finally, the T1-specific mRNA is present at a high level in adult muscle and is not detectable in either myoblasts or myotubes. Therefore, T1 gene expression appears to be a marker of a late stage in myogenesis. A parallel investigation of expression of the myosin heavy chain mRNA revealed absence of hybridization with the specific probe in RNA from proliferating myoblasts, a significant hybridization in myotube RNA, and a strong signal in adult muscle RNA.
Low dose CT image restoration using a localized patch database

As growing concerns on the potential side effect of radiation induced genetic, cancerous and other diseases, the low-dose CT imaging is becoming a hot issue, how to minimize the radiation exposure level while maintaining the diagnostic performance. In previous work, we have proposed a framework that is working in conjunction with image-based database. It restores a low-dose image with modified non-local means (NLM) that have expanded search window to include regular-dose priors obtained from same or different patients. In this paper, we further develop the framework to know the internal structures of CT images so that the NLM filtering is applied with more intelligent way. In addition, knowing the internal structures changes the database from image-based to patch-based that organized structure by structure. As preliminary work, this was tested to restore a structure of low-dose CT image and it showed a very promising results.
On the nature and extent of optically thin marine low clouds

Macrophysical properties of optically thin marine low clouds over the nonpolar oceans (60 deg S-60 deg N) are measured using 2 years of full-resolution nighttime data from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP). Optically thin clouds, defined as the subset of marine low clouds that do not fully attenuate the lidar signal, comprise almost half of the low clouds over the marine domain. Regionally, the fraction of low clouds that are optically thin (f(sub thin,cld)) exhibits a strong inverse relationship with the low-cloud cover, with maxima in the tropical trades (f(sub thin,cld) greater than 0.8) and minima in regions of persistent marine stratocumulus and in midlatitudes (f(sub thin,cld) less than 0.3). Domain-wide, a power law fit describes the cloud length distribution, with exponent beta = 2.03 +/- 0.06 (+/-95% confidence interval). On average, the fraction of a cloud that is optically thin decreases from approximately 1 for clouds smaller than 2 km to less than 0.3 for clouds larger than 30 km. This relationship is found to be independent of region, so that geographical variations in the cloud length distribution explain three quarters of the variance in f(sub thin,cld). Comparing collocated trade cumulus observations from CALIOP and the airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar reveals that clouds with lengths smaller than are resolvable with CALIOP contribute approximately half of the low clouds in the region sampled. A bounded cascade model is constructed to match the observations from the trades. The model shows that the observed optically thin cloud behavior is consistent with a power law scaling of cloud optical depth and suggests that most optically thin clouds only partially fill the CALIOP footprint.