cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract ADV04: Wisconsin Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program.

The Breast Cancer and Environmental Research Program was established by the NIH to better understand if and how a women9s risk of developing breast cancer, is increased by impacted environmental carcinogens during key periods of her development. These periods are referred to as “Windows of Susceptibility.” UW-Madison is one of the eleven project collaborators. The UW-Madison Principal Investigators are Michael Gould and Amy Trentham-Dietz. Dr. Gould is focusing on genetics of supectibilty and resistance to breast cancer during periods of mammary development. His work is focused on areas of the DNA that may be associated with breast cancer. Dr. Trentham-Dietz is looking at environmental exposures that may be associated with breast cancer risk. The joint role of genetics and environmental factors research utilizes data on over 7,000 Wisconsin women. Once the Gould lab identifies genes that confer resistance of susceptibility, the Trentham-Dietz lab will use human DNA to actively identify similar genes in women. The Wisconsin project includes a particularly strong community partnership whose roles include giving input on the interests of women in the state. These community partners represent diverse organizations whose missions relate to breast cancer. The partners are: Wisconsin Cancer Council, the Breast Cancer Task Force of the WI Cancer Control Plan, Wisconsin Breast Cancer Coalition, Susan G. Komen- South Central Wisconsin Affiliate and the UW-Milwaukee Institute for Urban Health Partnerships. Together and with their distinct constituencies (health organizations, survivors, underserved populations, culturally diverse women, real women and advocates), these community partners do outreach for education relating to the program as well as for dissemination of the work being done at other sites as well as the UW-Madison. Citation Format: Mary Pat Berry. Wisconsin Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr ADV04. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-ADV04
A nonspecific immunosuppressive material derived from normal bovine serum.

SummaryAn improved method of purification of a potent, nonspecific immunosuppressant from normal serum is described. The suppressive agent was shown to be heat stable and filterable through a membrane with exclusion above 10,000 mol wt. The active molecule appears to bind to larger molecules from which it is released by heating. Preliminary data suggest that the active principle is a peptide with a mol wt of approximately 8000.Immunosuppression was reversed by administration of antigen-antibody complexes, rather than antigen alone. Antibodies of the IgM class were more effective than IgG antibodies in reversing immunosuppression. Experiments on reversal of immunosuppression suggest that the suppressive agent may interfere with antigen recognition, which is postulated to be a function of the concentration of preformed, circulating, specific antibodies.
An Optimal Nutrition Scheme for Reproduction of Aedes albopictus Skuse in Laboratory

Experiments were conducted to find out an optimal nutrition scheme for rapid reproduction of Aedes albopictus Skuse in laboratory.The main results are given as follows.The larva of the species were reared with feedstuff of chicken liver powder in the ratio of 2%;the adults were fed with 10% concentration of glucose;and the female adults were given blood at the fifth day after pupa eclosion.In this condition,the reproduction of individual quantity per pupa is 38.4 and the reproduction cycle is 15.2 days.The effect of blood feeding period on reproduction of every pupa and reproduction cycle is the biggest;and that of the glucose concentration and the content of chicken liver powder,comes the next.
Method for Predicting Failure Rate of Power Transmission Equipment Based on Cloud Theory

Power transmission equipment failure is characterized by strong randomness and fuzziness. Accordingly, we put forward a method for predicting the failure rate of power transmission equipment by cloud reasoning. We revealed the relevance between current equipment failure trend and annual health status evaluation data, built up a cloud language prediction rule based on the conditional cloud generator, and consequently established the prediction method. Analysis of practical data indicates that the prediction results of failure rate by the cloud reasoning model are consistent with the statistical regularities of a regional power grid. Compared with the traditional inversion methods, when the equipment health index is higher than 60, the proposed method can predict the equipment status more suitably than the traditional inversion methods. Additionally, the proposed method is very applicable since it can reflect the real-time status of equipment.
Analysis of syphilis and HIV test results in 400 female sex workers in Rugao city

Objective:To analyze sexually transmitted diseases among the female sex workers,and provide a scientific basis for the development of countermeasures to combat the epidemic.Methods:Lab examinations were made on 400 female sex workers,including syphilis antibody and HIV antibody detection by ELISA and TRUST.Results:400 female sex workers received lab examinations,among which 24 persons were infected syphilis,accounting for 6.0%,HIV was not detected.Conclusion:The sexually transmitted diseases infection rate of female sex workers was high,thus it is very important to carry out health education and implement preventive and control measures to these people for the prevention and control of sexually transmitted diseases transmission.
Directional plastic flow and stress increment dependencies: Experimental study on variably saturated soils

This has motivated an experimental program to study the stress path dependency of plastic strain direction in both saturated and unsaturated states. This program was conducted using stress-probing technique on identical samples of clay and clayey sand soils. This paper presents the methodology and selected outcome of this study. Prevailing trends are also highlighted and discussed.
Venezuela, Silver, and Rapprochement, 1895–1898

The general election of June 1895 produced devastating results for the Liberal party. In 1892 they had held a respectable 270 seats; in 1895 they were down to 177. The Liberal Unionist group had prospered, rising from 47 to 70. The Unionists had added almost eighty to their 1892 total to number 341 at the time of the formation of the third Salisbury ministry. Nor had individual leaders survived the debacle. Morley had lost his seat at Newcastle, and some members of the Radical and Labour left, like W. Cremer and Keir Hardie, were similarly defeated. Internal party weakness and the inability of the Liberals to handle the major imperial and social problems of the day were primary causes for the defeat. Rosebery was hardly on speaking terms with either Morley or Harcourt, and their feud continued to fracture the party from 1895 to 1900. Each Liberal leader had his favorite view of the reasons for the party’s collapse: sectionalism, faddism, programs, or Irish Home Rule. Many of the leaders turned, frustrated, away from active roles in politics, to travel, journalism, or historical and biographical pursuits. Gladstone’s immense surplus of energy was running out and he sought peace among family and friends at Hawarden. On the other hand, there were some Liberals whose political philosophies and activities moved with the times. A body of younger men trained in Gladstonian Liberalism, such as Asquith, Edward Grey, and Richard Haldane, ‘focused increasingly on foreign and imperial affairs.’1 Moreover, another young group who composed the ‘Rainbow Circle’ founded the Progressive Review in 1890. L. T. Hobhouse, J. A. Hobson, Graham Wallas, and J. L. Hammond evolved a ‘new’ liberalism which advocated a larger national roll for the state in social and economic policy.2 The term ‘progressive’ gained in acceptance on both sides of the Atlantic. Thus while older Liberal leaders struggled to maintain their faith in liberalism and their positions within the Liberal party leadership, younger men pressed forward with new ideas and vigorous policies.3
Program, Game, Assembler

In the wake of these concerns looms the question that most intrigues: how are mind and machine, whose evolutions have been perhaps too easily analogized, alike and different? Language, the third sector of the circle of metaphor, is obviously the key to properly exploring that question. Language is software, the ‘languescape’ of both man and computer; microelectronic circuitry and neural tissues are, after all, just two kinds of hardware. J. Z. Young is helpful in this connection: Information is carried by physical entities, such as books or sound waves or brains, but it is not itself material. Information in a living system is a feature of the order and arrangement of its parts, which arrangement provides the signs that constitute a ‘code’ or ‘language.’… The organization of the brain can be considered as the written script of the programs of our lives. So the important feature of brains is not the material that they are made of but the information that they carry.
Are GaAs MOSFETs worth building? A model-based comparison of Si and GaAs n-MOSFETs

A two-dimensional self-consistent Monte Carlo device modeling program is used to determine the behavior of submicron GaAs n-MOSFETs with semiconductor-insulator properties idealistically assumed to be of the same high caliber as present-day Si-SiO/sub 2/ interfaces. Compared to their conventional Si substrate counterparts, GaAs n-MOSFETs have similar transconductances and transit times, casting doubt on the notion that GaAs n-MOSFETs will ever outperform Si n-MOSFETs. Although alternative novel device designs better suited for exploiting the transport properties of bulk GaAs cannot be precluded, it is argued that the technological challenges of actually manufacturing GaAs devices further favor the use of silicon. These results can be predicted by considering the full semiconductor band structure away from the band extrema and suggest that differences among various semiconductors and carrier types are of diminishing importance for submicron devices. >
Electron Scattering from the Proton

A large double-focusing magnetic spectrometer, capable of analyzing electrons or other singly-charged particles up to a momentum of 1000 Mev/c, was used in studies of electron scattering from protons at incident electron energies of 650 to 900 Mev between scattering angles of 45 and 145 deg . Typical electron peaks are shown. Values are given for scattering angle, cross section, and square of the momentum transfer. (M.C.G.)
LIN28 Zinc Knuckle Domain Is Required and Sufficient to Induce let-7 Oligouridylation

LIN28 is an RNA binding protein that plays crucial roles in pluripotency, glucose metabolism, tissue regeneration, and tumorigenesis. LIN28 binds to the let-7 primary and precursor microRNAs through bipartite recognition and induces degradation of let-7 precursors (pre-let-7) by promoting oligouridylation by terminal uridylyltransferases (TUTases). Here, we report that the zinc knuckle domain (ZKD) of mouse LIN28 recruits TUT4 to initiate the oligouridylation of let-7 precursors. Our crystal structure of human LIN28 in complex with a fragment of pre-let-7f-1 determined to 2.0 A resolution shows that the interaction between ZKD and RNA is constrained to a small cavity with a high druggability score. We demonstrate that the specific interaction between ZKD and pre-let-7 is necessary and sufficient to induce oligouridylation by recruiting the N-terminal fragment of TUT4 (NTUT4) and the formation of a stable ZKD:NTUT4:pre-let-7 ternary complex is crucial for the acquired processivity of TUT4.
Evaluating the relationship between spatial and spectral features derived from high spatial resolution satellite data and urban poverty in Colombo, Sri Lanka

In this study we seek to map urban poverty in Colombo, Sri Lanka using spectral and spatial features estimated from high spatial resolution satellite imagery. For this study we calculated 165 spectral and spatial features at a block size of 16m and a range of scales, from three Quickbird scenes, collected in 2010 which cover 316 Grama Niladhari (GN) census units within the District of Colombo and includes the urban area of Colombo, Sri Lanka. The features calculated include linear support regions (LSR), linear binary pattern moments (LBPM), PanTex, Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HoG), Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF), Fourier Transform (FT), Gabor, the mean of each of the blue, green, red, and near-infrared spectral bands, as well as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). For each GN census unit (avg. size of 2.17 sq. km), the zonal sum, mean, and standard deviation of all 165 features were calculated. For each GN unit, the 10/20/30/40th percentiles of the national distribution of household estimates of predicted per capita consumption were calculated using data from the 2011 Sri Lankan Census to provide an estimate of poverty. Results indicate that the combined spatial and spectral features were able to explain up to 54% of the variation in poverty when using a simple, ordinary least squares linear regression model.
HIV Reprograms Human Airway Basal Stem/Progenitor Cells to Acquire a Tissue-Destructive Phenotype

While highly active anti-retroviral therapy has dramatically improved the survival of HIV-infected individuals, there is an increased risk for other co-morbidities, such as COPD, manifesting as emphysema. Given that emphysema originates around the airways and that human airway basal cells (BCs) are adult airway stem/progenitor cells, we hypothesized that HIV reprograms BCs to a distinct phenotype that contributes to the development of emphysema. Our data indicate that HIV binds to but does not replicate in BCs. HIV binding to BCs induces them to acquire an invasive phenotype, mediated by upregulation of MMP-9 expression through activation of MAPK signaling pathways. This HIV-induced "destructive" phenotype may contribute to degradation of extracellular matrix and tissue damage relevant to the development of emphysema commonly seen in HIV+ individuals.
A U-Pb zircon age constraint on the oldest-recorded air-breathing land animal

The oldest-known air-breathing land animal is the millipede Pneumodesmus newmani, found in the Cowie Harbour Fish Bed at Stonehaven, Scotland. Here we report the youngest, most concordant 238U-206Pb zircon age from ash below the fish bed of 413.7±4.4 Ma (±2σ), whereas the youngest age from a tuffaceous sandstone above the fish bed is statistically indistinguishable at 414.3±7.1 Ma. The Cowie Harbour Fish Bed thus appears to be lowermost Devonian (Lochkovian), contrary to the previously accepted mid-Silurian age based on palynomorphs from adjacent exposures. This has implications for the evolutionary timetable of land colonization, as the Cowie ages overlap late Lochkovian zircon ages reported elsewhere for andesite below the nearby (~50 mi) Rhynie Chert, which has more advanced terrestrial biota. The results postdate the possible late Silurian Ludford Lane locality in Shropshire, England. Pneumodesmus newmani is thus not the earliest air-breathing land animal, unless the Ludford Lane locality is younger than presently assigned.
Assessment of New Fungicides for the Control of Southern Blight on Aucuba

Abstract Drenches of Lynx 3.6F, ProStar 50W, Fluazinam 500F, Terraguard 50W, and Curalan DF were compared with Terraclor 75W for the control of southern blight on container-grown aucuba (Aucuba japonica) ‘Variegata’. Over the three-year test period, ProStar 50W and Fluazinam 500F across a range of rates completely protected aucuba from attack by the causal fungus, Sclerotium rolfsii. Also, both fungicides gave better disease control in two of three years than the current industry standard Terraclor 75W. Lynx 3.6F at the 0.54 g a.i./liter rate proved as effective in controlling southern blight as ProStar 50W and Fluazinam 500F. Terraclor 75W, which was applied at over twice the labeled drench rate, gave inconsistent disease control. Terraguard 50W and Curalan DF failed to provide effective control of southern blight on aucuba. No symptoms of phytotoxicity were observed.
Assessment of Linked Associations in Predictors of Life Expectancy Inequality.

This data analysis compares the rise of income inequality, as well as racial inequality, over a same time frame as the rise in life expectancy inequality.
The Impact of Mothers’ Post-Divorce Dating Breakups on Children’s Problem Behaviors

Many parents have concerns about the implications of dating (and subsequent breakups) on their children’s wellbeing. Yet, little is known about the ways in which mothers’ post-divorce dating breakups influence children’s development. According to family systems theory, the effect dating breakups have on children’s behavior may be more dependent on the rapport children have with mothers’ dating partners than the event of a breakup itself. The goal of this study is to examine the effect of mothers’ post-divorce dating breakups on children’s adjustment, specifically internalizing and externalizing behaviors, while also testing children’s rapport with dating partners as a moderator. The current study used longitudinal, multi-method and multi-informant data of mothers who dated following divorce (N = 270) and children who were aware of their mothers’ dating relationships (N = 170). Using hierarchical linear modeling techniques, results indicated no main effect of breakup on children’s problem behaviors. However, children’s rapport with mothers’ dating partners significantly moderated the effects of breakups on children’s internalizing behaviors. Children who reported high levels of rapport with dating partners exhibited more internalizing behaviors at breakup compared to children who reported low levels of rapport with dating partners. Additionally, in families where children were aware of their mothers’ dating relationships and mothers experienced breakups (n = 88), rapport moderated the effects of breakup for both internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Thus, transitions out of dating relationships appear stressful for children when they established positive relationships with mothers’ dating partners. Further implications for post-divorce adjustment are discussed.
Radical Decentralization: Does Community-Driven Development Work?

Classic arguments for decentralization, augmented by ideas about how participation empowers the poor, motivate the widely used approach in foreign aid called community-driven development (CDD). CDD...
Description of Robots

Robots occupy a special place in the human imagination and a pivotal role in our everyday lives. There is a large gap between the artificial intelligence model about which we fantasize and the task-oriented systems that dominate manufacturing. Surgical robots represent a unique type of robotic system: one that is directed in real time by human hands. This type of interface is ideal for surgery because it combines the executive functions of the surgeon’s mind with the precision of a machine. The currently available robotic platform is the da Vinci, from Intuitive Surgical. It is composed of two integrated subsystems: a surgeon’s console and a patient side cart. The surgeon controls the patient side cart remotely, using two hand-operated mechanisms that reside within the console. Advantages include enhanced precision in the form of motion scaling and tremor elimination and improved vision in the form of high-resolution, three-dimensional optics. Robotic applications have developed in many of the surgical subspecialties. As robotic technology continues to advance and more diverse and specialize systems become available, robotic surgery promises to play a larger role in the future of surgery.
Mashal Books as Cultural Mediator: Translating East Asian, Middle Eastern, and African Literatures into Urdu in Lahore

Thornber discusses Pakistani publisher Mashal Books as a cultural mediator among Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. After opening with a brief introduction to Mashal, its history, variety of publications, and commitment to translating creative writing into Urdu, the chapter analyzes Mashal’s Fiction list, arguing that its translations renegotiate multiple hierarchies among nations, communities, and genders. Looking closely at the types of texts Mashal has chosen to translate, and at how selected texts have been marketed as well as translated, provides new perspectives on processes of transfer, the overlap of actor roles, and the transgression of cultural fields. The chapter offers fresh insights into how literary exchanges have renegotiated hierarchies among disparate communities globally.
How did son jarocho become a music for the immigrant rights movement

ABSTRACTChicana/o activists and artists in Greater Los Angeles have turned son jarocho, a traditional music genre from southeastern Mexico, into an organizing resource and a means to express the pl...
3D Printing of Anisotropic Hydrogels with Bioinspired Motion

Motion in biological organisms often relies on the functional arrangement of anisotropic tissues that linearly expand and contract in response to external signals. However, a general approach that can implement such anisotropic behavior into synthetic soft materials and thereby produce complex motions seen in biological organisms remains a challenge. Here, a bioinspired approach is presented that uses temperature-responsive linear hydrogel actuators, analogous to biological linear contractile elements, as building blocks to create three-dimensional (3D) structures with programmed motions. This approach relies on a generalizable 3D printing method for building 3D structures of hydrogels using a fugitive carrier with shear-thinning properties. This study demonstrates that the metric incompatibility of an orthogonally growing bilayer structure induces a saddle-like shape change, which can be further exploited to produce various bioinspired motions from bending to twisting. The orthogonally growing bilayer structure undergoes a transition from a stretching-dominated motion to a bending-dominated motion during its shape transformation. The modular nature of this approach, together with the flexibility of additive manufacturing, enables the fabrication of multimodular 3D structures with complex motions through the assembly of multiple functional components, which in turn consist of simple linear contractile elements.
Basic Science and Clinical Trials: Accelerating the Future

The Scientific Sessions at the 2018 Pulmonary Hypertension Association International Conference began with presentations on the theme of “Basic Science and Clinical Trials: Accelerating the Future....
Single-Molecule Characterization of a Nanopore-Coupled Cas9 Protein on an Electrode Array

Nanopore sequencing technology is an emerging method for achieving long sequence reads on single DNA molecules without prior sample amplification. Detection involves changes in current across a membrane through a self-assembling protein nanopore complex. Each pore is associated with a single electrode within a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) array, enabling detection of single-molecule events. Extending these capabilities, we describe here a nanopore-based method to detect specific DNA molecules through binding to a Cas9:gRNA complex. Specifically, we generated a recombinant protein tool for the assembly of a functional Cas9 or dCas9 molecules on a nanopore array. To date, we have demonstrated that the construct is functional, recruits appropriately designed gRNA molecules, and binds to target DNA molecules while failing to bind non-target DNA. We believe that our Cas9-functionalized nanopore method may have utility in both basic research and clinical diagnostic applications by enabling single-molecule kinetic characterization of the enzyme, potentially offering novel insights into the mechanism of Cas9 catalytic cycle.
Treatment of Hemifacial Spasm

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is characterized by unilateral involuntary rapid and repetitive facial contractions, which interfere with the individual’s daily activities and social interactions. HFS is most frequently caused by compression of facial nerve at the root entry zone by an ectatic vessel. Differential diagnosis includes other etiologies (i.e., post-Bell’s palsy synkinesis, posterior fossa space-occupying lesions) and HFS mimics (i.e., blepharospasm and psychogenic movement disorders). Diagnosis is primarily clinical but may require imaging to rule out nonvascular etiologies (brain MRI) and to localize the nature and site of the vessel compression (brain MRA). Treatment of choice is botulinum toxin injections every 3–6 months. Surgical decompression has a high rate of success but may result in permanent complications (deafness, facial paralysis) in a small number of cases.
Challenges to Legal Education, Clinical Legal Education, and Clinical Scholarship

This essay analyzes the challenges to legal education and what those challenges may mean both to clinical legal education and to clinical scholarship. Since the Great Recession, several law schools have closed, some have merged, and still other law schools approved by the American Bar Association (ABA) have been found out of compliance with ABA Accreditation Standards and either have been directed to take specific remedial action, have been placed on probation, or have lost ABA-approval. While enrollment has rebounded at some law schools, other law schools have continued to experience much smaller entering classes than the entering class in Fall 2010. These developments should be part of the conversation about clinical legal education and clinical scholarship, and this essay examines the effects of the Great Recession on law schools’ budgets, staffing, law school admissions, and overall enrollment. This essay concludes with some observations about the future of clinical legal education and clinical scholarship.
Coping with Conceptual Pluralism: Reflections on Concept Formation

Concept formation is central to our scholarly enterprise, but different purposes, methods, and philosophies give rise to a welter of concepts without a “concept god” to arbitrate between them. We c...
Magnetically Steered Robotic Insertion of Cochlear-Implant Electrode Arrays: System Integration and First-In-Cadaver Results

Cochlear-implant electrode arrays (EAs) must be inserted accurately and precisely to avoid damaging the delicate anatomical structures of the inner ear. It has previously been shown on the benchtop that using magnetic fields to steer magnet-tipped EAs during insertion reduces insertion forces, which correlate with insertion errors and damage to internal cochlear structures. This letter presents several advancements toward the goal of deploying magnetic steering of cochlear-implant EAs in the operating room. In particular, we integrate image guidance with patient-specific insertion vectors, we incorporate a new nonmagnetic insertion tool, and we use an electromagnetic source, which provides programmable control over the generated field. The electromagnet is safer than prior permanent-magnet approaches in two ways: it eliminates motion of the field source relative to the patient's head and creates a field-free source in the power-off state. Using this system, we demonstrate system feasibility by magnetically steering EAs into a cadaver cochlea for the first time. We show that magnetic steering decreases average insertion forces, in comparison to manual insertions and to image-guided robotic insertions alone.
Ultrathin Metal Film Transparent Conductor for Efficient Light Coupling in Organic Light Emitting Diode

Researchers have intensively investigated alternative transparent conductors (TC) as a substitute for ITO due to its limitation in mechanical brittleness for use in flexible OLED applications. New types of oxide-based TCs like IZO or AZO intrinsically have low resistivity, which needs sufficiently thick layer to meet the low enough sheet resistance. Including ITO, such oxide-based TCs with thick dielectric layers have higher index than substrate and so are prone to light trapping as a waveguided-mode, thereby compromising the outcoupling efficiency. Emerging candidates like ultrathin metal-based transparent conductors can guarantee high transmittance, low sheet resistance, as well as flexibility. The key is to control the metal layer thickness well below the skin depth for sufficient light transmission. Silver (Ag) is known to have superior conductivity and low optical loss at visible wavelength. However, Ag films tend to grow in 3D island-like (Volmer-Weber) modes on dielectric substrates [1] which makes the film electrically insulating. With appropriate seed-layer, Ag growth can be controlled to have 2D-like growth forming an ultra-smooth continuous film with low resistance [2]. Such ultrathin metal films have been stacked with top and bottom anti-reflection (AR) coatings to show high transmittance and low sheet resistance which have been demonstrated for optoelectronic applications [3]. However, the existence of AR coating in these layers makes them prone to light trapping by waveguide modes, not much different from oxide-based TC like ITO.
Chapter 12 – Leftovers

Individuals show consistent patterns of hand clasping, arm folding, and leg crossing. When the two hands are clasped with the fingers interlaced, the thumb on one hand is consistently placed over the thumb on the other hand. The same is true when a person folds his or her arms over the chest. One forearm is placed consistently over the other forearm. When seated, people also prefer to cross one leg over the other. These lateral preferences are consistent and individuals are uncomfortable when forced to adopt the nonhabitual position. Hand clasping, arm folding, and leg crossing side preferences may be related to the side of handedness, they are not related to each other. Both right- and left-handers prefer the left top thumb and left arm position for hand clasping and arm folding. Right-handers prefer the right leg on top when crossing the legs while left-handers do not show a preference for either leg. A final consideration concerns the evolution of handedness. Great apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, orangutans, and gorillas) are close evolutionary cousins of humans. These primates show handedness at an individual level and chimpanzees also display a right-sided bias at the population level. A theory that connects the evolution of handedness in humans and great apes claims that the common adaptation that promoted the bias toward right-handedness in both groups was the development of movement skill required for tool use.
Single versus multi-metal sulfide systems: The role of cysteine and complex environmental conditions.

Abstract The presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) can impact metal sulfide (MeS) precipitation and mobility. Thiol containing ligands such as cysteine have been shown to be effective capping agents in single metal MeS studies, allowing NPs to persist in oxic environments. In this study, both single (Cd or Zn) and multi-MeS (Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, and As) nanoparticle (NP) formation was characterized to understand the impact of the thiol cysteine (CYS) on early stage (3 h) MeS NP behavior. Short duration single metal batch experiments, in the absence and presence of CYS, confirmed that MeS species readily formed solids with limited dissolved fraction; however, multi-metal systems exhibited divergent behavior reflecting a wider range of NP sizes and an increased dissolved concentration. Multi-metal batch experiments revealed that metals were generally sequestered into MeS solids in accordance with MeS solubility products (i.e., from least to most soluble: Cu > Pb ~ Cd > Zn). CYS concentrations in excess of sulfide (10:1 CYS:S ratio) stabilized MeS within the Small NP size fraction (3.2 nm
Custom and moral variability: An interpretation of part V of Smith's theory of moral sentiments

Abstract Through a consideration of Part V of Smith's Theory of Moral Sentiments, this paper investigates the differential effects of custom on morality, which depend on the social station and profession of the moral actor, and on place, time, and situation. This paper shows how Smith understands that moral sentiments develop naturally and yet are susceptible to vital forces of moral leadership (“fashion”) that can affect their development. Smith prescribes different moral actions in differing circumstances and demonstrates moral leadership in his own action. This paper argues further that Smith holds it necessary for social elites to model behaviors that are productive of freedom in society at large.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DAS HISTÓRIAS EM QUADRINHOS DIGITAIS ÀS PRÁTICAS EDUCATIVAS

Na tentativa de provocar o debate e a apropriacao das narrativas em quadrinhos digitais como meios vinculados as praticas sociais de educar, buscamos dar visibilidade as historias em quadrinhos (HQs) como possibilidades de articular signos, imagens e leituras de mundo, colocando em jogo as ambiguidades da imagem e da composicao de conhecimentos, por meio dos processos sociais da arte em quadrinhos. A partir da abordagem hermeneutica, percebemos que ha uma popularizacao das HQs em espacos hipermidiaticos e, nessa perspectiva, procuramos evidenciar as contribuicoes das HQs para o processo de leitura e exploracao de diferentes mundos na educacao. As contribuicoes que as tecnologias digitais trazem para a linguagem dos quadrinhos sao nitidas, pois agregam caracteristicas como o som, a imagem, o hipertexto, a animacao e a interatividade no trabalho pedagogico. As obras quadrinizadas adquirem caracteristicas alargadas da versao original impressa, fornecendo elementos para a criacao de uma pluralidade de leituras, tendo por base ressignificar a dimensao estetica das fruicoes de leitura com a arte. Concluimos que as HQs podem gerar novas condicoes para a leitura de textos imageticos na educacao, provocando outras percepcoes e relacionamentos com os textos, a ludicidade e as experiencias narrativas, visto que a leitura das HQs permite uma aproximacao dinâmica entre a polifonia da imagem, dos enredos e das linguagens no mundo online , constituindo-se numa experiencia educativa que envolve a imaginacao criadora e a possibilidade de ressignificar a leitura de imagens na pluralidade de interpretacoes e impactos engendrados com as HQs digitais.
Designing a virtuous political economy: an adaptation of Unto This Last emphasizing individual conscience and self determination

Flourishing life being the objective, John Ruskin’s Unto This Last (1866) posits that the implementation of virtue in political economy also reduces inequality and power-over structures of single i...
Clinical Germline Testing Results of Men With Prostate Cancer: Patient-Level Factors and Implications of NCCN Guideline Expansion.

PURPOSEGermline likely pathogenic or pathogenic variants (PVs) have been identified in up to 17% of men with prostate cancer (PC) and may drive disease severity or be targetable by novel therapies....
Examining Sociodemographic Factors, Food Insecurity and Obesity of Food Pantry Clients in Alaska: A Cross Sectional Study.

Food insecurity continues to be high despite the increasing use of emergency food assistance. Research shows that food insecurity among food pantry clients is over 50–70%. Despite the high rates, t...
A survey of calf rearing practices on California dairies

The goal of this project was to document calf rearing and management practices prevalent on California dairies and calf ranches as part of a larger effort to develop a risk assessment tool to reduce the incidence of Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD). Bovine respiratory disease is a major source of economic loss in infected calves due to reduced growth and productivity. Approximately 22% of all pre-weaning dairy heifer deaths are caused by BRD.
Assessing how a tobacco-free campus leads to attitude change and support among students, faculty, and staff.

INTRODUCTION Universities are increasingly considering tobacco-free campus policies to help promote a healthy learning and working environment. We assessed attitudes of students, faculty, and staff, before and after the implementation of a tobacco-free campus policy at a large, urban university. We also examined individual factors associated with these attitudes. METHODS An independent panel design method was used to assess students, faculty and staff about their tobacco product use, attitudes towards tobacco policies, and support for cigarette and e-cigarette bans 3 months before and 7 months after a university-wide policy change to ban tobacco and e-cigarettes on campus. Survey participants before the policy change included 636 students and 1356 faculty/ staff. Survey participants after the policy change included 1000 students and 574 faculty/staff. We conducted separate multiple linear and logistic regression models for students and faculty/staff. RESULTS Attitudes towards tobacco-free campus policies did not improve for students, but did for faculty/staff. Support for bans of cigarettes and e-cigarettes on campus increased following the policy change among both students and faculty/staff. Students were more willing to ask their friends to stop vaping post-policy, but did not differ in their willingness to ask friends to stop smoking. Among the individual factors considered, gender and use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes were predictive of attitudes among both students and faculty/staff. Women were more likely to support and have more positive attitudes towards bans, while current tobacco product users were less likely to support tobacco product bans and have less positive attitudes towards tobacco policies. CONCLUSIONS Attitudes towards tobacco-free campus policies changed pre- to postpolicy among faculty/staff, but not among students. However, both students and faculty/staff were more supportive of tobacco product bans following the policy change. Individual factors associated with support and attitudes were identified.
Purification without loss of viability of neoplastic plasma-cells from the ascites passaged mouse myeloma, X5563.

A simple scheme for purification of murine myeloma cells from ascites fluid without loss of viability is presented. This is accomplished by repeated differential centrifugations followed by passage through a glass bead column. The cells so obtained are 99.9 per cent pure and 99 per cent viable in a large number of repetitions of this technic.
The disposition of criminal charges after involuntary medication to restore competency to stand trial

The United States Supreme Court, in the recent case of Riggins v. Nevada, extended its examination of the issue of involuntary treatment with anti-psychotic medication to the mentally disabled facing criminal trial. Although this was an extreme case where the defendant faced a possible death sentence, the involuntary administration of anti-psychotic medication to restore 'competency to stand trial' always raises unique medical and moral questions. This highly controversial issue has received little empirical investigation. We report here on the first study to follow-up on the disposition of the criminal charges of persons committed to a hospital for the restoration of 'competency to stand trial' who refused anti-psychotic medication and for whom involuntary treatment was sought. We have previously reported on the characteristics of these cases (N = 68) and aspects of their outcome in the hospital. This cohort of patients represents virtually all indicted felony offenders in New York state who were incompetent to stand trial and for whom involuntary treatment with anti-psychotic medication was requested between 1986 and 1990. The present retrospective report focuses on the disposition of the criminal charges for such cases, in a state that does not have a death penalty. Tentative inferences are considered based on the findings that persons who were involuntarily restored to 'competency to stand trial' had a variety of dispositions of their criminal charges, including plea negotiations that resulted in foreshortened incarceration and several cases of insanity acquittals. Suggestions for further and more conclusive studies are proposed.
Algorithms for steering on the group of rotations

The paper focuses on the problem of explicitly generating open loop strategies for steering control systems with left-invariant vector fields on the Lie group of rigid rotations SO(3). Both systems with and without drift are considered as well as systems with three, two or one input(s). For each of these cases, if possible, we present a constructive solution to the steering problem. The most interesting cases are those of systems with drift and either only or two inputs. Having two inputs gives us the freedom to choose the steering time. In the case of only one input our algorithm will drive the system to the desired orientation in a finite time. There are, however, limitations on the choice of the arrival time. Simulations have been developed and the results animated on a Silicon Graphics Iris workstation. In particular, video-taped animation of the algorithms mentioned above will be presented at the conference.
Is Minocycline an Antiviral Agent? A Review of Current Literature.

Minocycline is a second-generation semi-synthetic derivative of tetracycline and has well-known anti-bacterial effects. The drug possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic and immunomodulatory effects. The drug is widely used in bacterial infections and non-infectious conditions such as acne, dermatitis, periodontitis and neurodegenerative conditions. Minocycline was shown to have antiviral activity in vitro and also against different viruses in some animal models. Some studies have been done on human patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. We have review the available data regarding minocycline activity as an antiviral agent.
Is the Randomized Clinical Trial the Gold Standard of Research

All research has flaws. Some flaws are so trivial that the research can still stand as the definitive study. Other flaws prevent a study from being definitive, but the study still provides useful guidance in the context of other research. Some flaws are so serious that the research provides no useful information at all. The tricky part is not finding flaws in the research but in deciding to what extent the flaws erode the credibility of the research. In general, the use of RCTs can add substantial credibility to a research study. There are calls for greater use of RCTs in many areas, such as surgery (Baum, 1999) and psychiatry (Andrews, 1999). Of course, nonrandomized trials are an important complement to RCTs when the latter are ethically inappropriate or logistically impossible (Black, 1996). Failure to use randomization or blinding, however, is not a fatal flaw. Furthermore, the artificial nature of RCTs will often restrict their applicability to overly simple interventions. When RCTs focus on narrow patient groups or exclude important segments of the population, there may be difficulty in generalizing their results. So it would be a mistake to label the RCT as a gold standard for all research. A silver standard may be a more appropriate label.
Users and Uses of Internet Access Points in Bangladesh: A Case Study of Community Information Centers (CICs)

This study through a theoretical framework and using the case study and survey approaches investigates the uses and benefits of these Community Information Centers (CICs) and the several ways in which these CICs are impacting the lives of the rural people. Two thirds (69%) of the users come to the centers to send emails. The other purposes are browsing for any information (63%), entertainment (60%) and voice chatting (47%). The types of information people sought from the CICs are news (88%), education (59%), entertainment (55%), business (47%), health (27 %), government (23%), agriculture (9 %) and other (3%). most of the users (87%) mentioned that the information and use was leading to their personal development. In terms of satisfaction about the CICs, more than one third of the users (36%) were satisfied.
Epistasis in Measured Genotypes: Drosophila P-Element Insertions

Transposon tagging provides an opportunity to construct large numbers of strains of organisms that differ by single insertional mutations. By scoring the phenotypes of these “measured genotypes,” powerful tests of effects of mutations on phenotypic expression have been performed. Here we extend this approach by constructing with simple crosses all possible two-locus genotypes for each of eight pairs of P -element insertions. Analysis of metabolic phenotypes (fat and glycogen contents, enzyme activities, total protein, and body weight) of the resulting nine genotypes provides direct estimates of additive, dominance, and epistatic effects of the mutations. Nested two-way analysis of variance identified significant epistatic effects in 27% of the tests (35/128 of the trait × P -element combinations). Posterior contrasts were performed to partition the epistatic variance into the four orthogonal components of Cockerham, and the data exhibit a tendency toward additive × dominance and dominance × dominance epistasis, Mutations in this study have epistatic effects on metabolic traits that are on the same order of magnitude as main (additive and dominance) effects. Measured genotypes have been used in other contexts to quantify epistatic effects on phenotypic expression, and these results are also briefly reviewed.
FURTHER CHARACTERIZATION OF PARTICULATE FRACTIONS FROM LYSED CELL ENVELOPES OF HALOBACTERIUM HALOBIUM AND ISOLATION OF GAS VACUOLE MEMBRANES

Lysates of cell envelopes from Halobacterium halobium have been separated into four fractions. A soluble, colorless fraction (I) containing protein, hexosamines, and no lipid is apparently derived from the cell wall. A red fraction (II), containing approximately 40 per cent lipid, 60 per cent protein, and a small amount of hexosamines consists of cell membrane disaggregated into fragments of small size. A third fraction (III) of purple color consists of large membrane sheets and has a very similar composition to II, containing the same classes of lipids but no hexosamines; its buoyant density is 1.18 g/ml. The fourth fraction (IV) has a buoyant density of 1.23 g/ml and contains the "intracytoplasmic membranes." These consist mainly of protein, and no lipid can be extracted with chloroform-methanol. Fractions I and II, which result from disaggregation of cell wall and cell membrane during lysis, contain a high proportion of dicarboxyl amino acids; this is in good agreement with the assumption that disruption of the cell envelope upon removal of salt is due to the high charge density. The intracytoplasmic membranes (IV) represent the gas vacuole membranes in the collapsed state. In a number of mutants that have lost the ability to form gas vacuoles, no vacuole membranes or any structure that could be related to them has been found.
Structural Fluctuations, Spin, Reorganization Energy, and Tunneling Energy Control of Intramolecular Electron Transfer: The Surprising Case of Electron Transfer in a d8−d8 Bimetallic System

A considerable body of unimolecular electron-transfer rate data has been reported recently for Ir2 excited-state donors linked to substituted pyridinium acceptors. These data pose a substantial paradox. Simple analysis suggested that donor−acceptor coupling matrix elements differ by 1 order of magnitude for the excited triplet and singlet states. Yet, there is no fundamental reason to expect this large electronic coupling dependence on spin state. We offer an alternative self-consistent interpretation based on a hybrid theoretical analysis that includes ab initio quantum calculations of electronic couplings, molecular dynamics simulations of molecular geometries, and Poisson−Boltzmann computations of reorganization energies. Taken together the analysis provides a detailed comprehensive interpretation of these reactions. In our analysis, we reach the conclusions: (1) that reorganization energies in these systems (∼1.3−1.7 eV) are larger than expected from simple analysis of experiments, (2) that electroni...