cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selection and Evaluation of a Companion Plant to Indirectly Augment Densities of Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Sweet Corn

Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer), which is a frequent predator of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) eggs on sweet corn, prefers to oviposit on plants that have glandular trichomes. These plants provide C. maculata eggs a refuge from cannibalism and other predation. Previous work showed that interplanting glandular pubescent weeds in corn increases C. maculata density and predation on H. zea eggs. We conducted an oviposition preference screening to identify a cultivated species that could provide the same augmentation of C. maculata and possibly increase biological control. In our experiment, tomato had 2.5 times more C. maculata eggs found on it than Acalypha ostryifolia Ridell, a weed documented to be preferred for oviposition over corn. In a separate experiment, 9.6 times more C. maculata eggs were found on a tomato companion crop than on corn, and eggs on tomato had 2.6–5.9 times higher survival than those on corn. In corn plots with a companion crop of tomato, C. maculata larvae were 5–10 times more abundant near the companion crop than in an equivalent location in the corn monoculture. Augmentation of larval densities declined as distance from the companion tomato crop increased, but the augmentation effect persisted for at least 5 m away from the companion crop. In 1 yr of our study, there was a trend toward higher densities of C. maculata adults in the plots with a companion crop of tomato. The observed augmentation of C. maculata did not result in an increase in H. zea egg predation or decrease in ear infestation.
Short Telomeres Limit Tumor Progression In Vivo by Inducing Senescence

Telomere maintenance is critical for cancer progression. To examine mechanisms of tumor suppression induced by short telomeres, we crossed mice deficient for the RNA component of telomerase, mTR(-/-), with Emu-myc transgenic mice, an established model of Burkitt's lymphoma. Short telomeres suppressed tumor formation in Emu-myc transgenic animals. Expression of Bcl2 blocked apoptosis in tumor cells, but surprisingly, mice with short telomeres were still resistant to tumor formation. Staining for markers of cellular senescence showed that pretumor cells induced senescence in response to short telomeres. Loss of p53 abrogated the short telomere response. This study provides in vivo evidence for the existence of a p53-mediated senescence mechanism in response to short telomeres that suppresses tumorigenesis.
Are changes in the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of antipsychotics able to improve efficacy and safety

Meeting abstracts - A single PDF containing all abstracts in this Supplement is available here .
X-ray emission and prebreakdown currents in plain and dielectric bridged vacuum gaps under DC excitation

X-ray activity in both plain and solid insulator bridged-vacuum gaps was investigated under DC stresses. The gap conditions under which X-ray emission takes place, and the correlation between X-ray activity and predischarge current were studied. Steady X-ray activity was observed for a plain gap with electrodes subjected to repeated breakdowns, and for gaps bridged with insulators having low secondary emission yields. The hysteresis in the V-I characteristics of both plain and bridged vacuum gaps is attributed to a regenerative feedback process between X-ray and photoemission processes. The nonresistive component of predischarged current for bridge vacuum gaps obeys the Fowler-Nordheim theory only in the high-field region (>60 kV/cm), and only in the absence of X-ray activity. Chromium oxide coatings on Wesgo AL-300 alumina ceramic gave a substantial improvement (>100%) in the voltage hold-off, but at the expense of increased prebreakdown current and X-ray activity. It has been shown that chromium oxide coatings do not improve the voltage hold-off unless a dense, low porosity, surface is produced by the coating. >
What Do Financial Markets Reveal about Global Warming

Financial market information can provide an objective assessment of expected losses due to global warming. In a Merton-type asset pricing model, with asset prices affected by changes in investment opportunities caused by global warming, the risk premium is significantly negative and growing over time, loadings for most assets are negative, and asset portfolios in more vulnerable industries have stronger negative loadings on the global warming factor. Required returns are 0.11 percent higher due to global warming, implying a present value loss of 4.18 percent of wealth. These costs complement and exceed previous estimates of the cost of global warming.
Payload state of health monitoring design for next generation satellite constellations

The authors have developed a Payload State of Health (PSOH) application that monitors the State of Health (SOH) of a non-homogeneous set of payloads in a satellite constellation. This application is part of a satellite ground station that processes sensor data from payloads and monitors the SOH of the ground station itself. The first payload of the constellation was launched in 2001. The PSOH application was used successfully for Early Orbit Turn-on (EOT) testing, and it is currently processing data autonomously. The PSOH application was developed with three types of users in mind. It accommodates the needs of payload designers who predominately use it during EOT. It uses a highly intuitive graphical Human Computer Interface (HCI) that allows a non-expert ground station operator to monitor all payloads of the constellation with a minimal chance of human error. It generates messages that provide a persistent record of any anomalies for use by the sensor data analyst. This paper shows how early development of the ground station PSOH application can benefit the three main users the sensor designer, the operator, and the data analyst.
DC operated atmospheric pressure air plasma jet for biomedical applications

We have previously presented a gas discharge assembly based on a microhollow cathode geometry which can be operated with a dc current at atmospheric pressure with ambient air1. By flowing air through the discharge channel at a rate of about 7 Ltr/min a 10-20-mm long plume is observed. The temperature in this expelled afterglow plasma reaches values that are close to room temperature at a distance of 5 mm from the discharge origin. Emission spectra show that atomic oxygen, hydroxyl ions and various nitrogen compounds are generated in the discharge and are driven out with the gas flow. The most prominent secondary discharge product, ozone, is detected in high concentrations. The low heavy-particle temperature allows us to use this exhaust stream on biological samples and tissues without thermal damage. The high levels of reactive species suggest an effective treatment for pathological skin conditions caused, in particular, by infectious agents. In the first experiments, we have successfully tested the efficacy of this afterglow plasma on Candida kefyr (a yeast), E.coli (bacteria), and a matching E.coli strain-specific virus, 0X174 (a bacteriophage). All pathogens investigated responded well to the treatment. In the yeast case, complete eradication of the organism in the treated area could be achieved with an exposure of 90 seconds at a distance of 5 mm. A 10-fold increase of exposure, to 900 seconds caused no observable damage to murine integument. The quantification of the response, and studies of possible mechanisms are underway.
Neck and shoulder muscle activity among ophthalmologists during routine clinical examinations

Abstract Muscular demands during common clinical ophthalmologic activities may contribute to the high prevalence of musculoskeletal health outcomes observed among ophthalmologists and other eye care physicians. Characterizations of the muscle activation patterns in the live ophthalmologic environment are lacking. This study was conducted to (i) characterize the frequencies and durations of common activities performed by ophthalmologists during routine clinical examinations, (ii) characterize neck and shoulder muscle activation patterns during the whole clinical work day, and (iii) explore differences in neck and shoulder muscle activation patterns between common clinical activities. Fifteen ophthalmologists performed routine patient examinations in an outpatient ophthalmology clinic while continuous surface electromyography measurements of the upper trapezius and anterior deltoid muscles were obtained. Results indicated that while computer use was the most frequently performed clinical activity, use of the indirect ophthalmoscope, followed by use of the slit lamp biomicroscope, required greater muscular demands than computer use or other clinical activities. Results provide evidence that the clinical activities of indirect ophthalmoscope and slit lamp biomicroscope use are appropriate for ergonomic intervention.
The vocation of the indigènes

This article recasts the Revue indigene as an important manifestation of Haitian cultural nationalism that is often conflated with subsequent movements that co-opted the review’s heritage in order to legitimize their nationalist projects. As I argue, the cultural nationalism articulated in the Revue indigene itself remains something quite distinctive, the product of a specific moment in Haitian history in which global consciousness was not anathema to national allegiance and populist rhetoric was not yet the key to political power. The Revue indigene writers believed that only they – the young, worldly, new twentieth-century elite intellectuals – could liberate and transform Haitian national literature by opening it up to diverse and stimulating literatures from around the world – in a word, cosmopolitanism. My investigation focuses primarily on the contributions of Emile Roumer, the review’s director, who worked to conceptualize a Haitian cultural nationalism based on an early twentieth-century notion of...
How Many Scales and how many Categories shall we use in Consumer Research?—A Comment:

The author questions the procedure and the advice given researchers in a previously published analysis of simulated data.
A Clarification and Extension of Operant Conditioning Principles in Marketing

Operant conditioning as presented by Skinner and in a behavior modification perspective is clarified and extended by comparison with behavioral learning theory, which is found to be a misinterpreta...
Angiotensin II Stimulation of 5'-Adenylic Acid Deaminase

Angiotensin II has been found to stimulate 5'-adenylic acid deaminase from rabbit skeletal muscle. Stimulation was discernible around 10(-9) M and peak stimulation of about threefold was seen at 10(-7) M, concentrations approximating those required for stimulation of vascular smooth muscle or adrenal glomerulosa cells. Higher concentrations produced less stimulation. Adenosine triphosphate stimulated to the same degree, but a concentration of 10(-5) M was required for maximum stimulation, while maximum stimulation with sodium or potassium required 0.5 M and 0.75 M, respectively. Although the physiologic significance of these observations has not been established, these data suggest an intracellular role for angiotensin II.
An Exploration of the Biosafety Using Clean Animal Room for TB Animal Experiments

Objective To explore the feasibility of transforming clean animal room for tuberculosis(TB) animal experiment;and closely observe whether the TB animals could damage experimental environment or do harm to researchers under rigorous protective measures.Methods Clean animal rooms were transformed appropriately with strengthened disinfection;experimental waste solid and waste liquid were both tested and experimenters were conducted health examination before and after experiments.Results No TB was detected in disinfection liquid from air-outlet-filter-tank and in experimental waste solid and waste liquid,after several times smear test and culture.The follow-up investigation of 6 close contact cases indicated that,the results of both X-ray chest films and exercise PPD tests were normal.Conclusion After strengthened disinfection and protection,the transformed clean animal room could be used for TB animal experiment.Further explorations is worthy of being carried out.
Capturing Household Transmission in Compartmental Models of Infectious Disease

Social distancing policies may mitigate transmission of infectious disease by shifting individuals time spent in public into household environments. However, the efficacy of such a policy depends on the transmission differential between public and household environments. We extend the standard compartmental model of infectious disease with heterogeneous mixing to explicitly account for the health state of households. Our model highlights the fact that only households with an infectious individual pose a transmission risk to other household members. Moreover, susceptible households become infectious at a rate that depends on household size and the health status of the household members. We demonstrate our model by simulating an epidemic similar to the A/H1N1 2009 outbreak using empirical mixing patterns derived from time-use data in the United States. We find that household transmission accounts for 12–23 % of total cases. These results suggest that while social distancing policies encourage individuals to spend more time at home, the reduction of time in public improves public health outcomes on balance.
Use of Acid Suppression Agents following Acute, Nonvariceal, Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding:

Purpose: This study evaluated the utilization of acid suppression agents following upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in the state of Michigan. Methods: A focus group was used to develop a one-page survey that consistedof questions pertaining to acid suppression agents following acute, upper GI bleeding. Survey consistency and validity were established through review by several experienced pharmacists practicing in either critical care or drug information. Surveys were mailed twice (at 30-day intervals) to the director of pharmacy at all hospitals (n = 267) in the state of Michigan. Results: Completed surveys were received from 76/267 (28.5%) institutions. Sixty-five percent of institutions stated that they had one preferred intravenous (IV) acid suppressive agent for acute GI bleeding, with 59% using a histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H 2 RA) and 41% using a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). When an IV PPI was prescribed, only 36% used a continuous infusion dosing regimen. For IV to oral step-down therapy, PPIs were chosen more often than H 2 RAs (81% vs 19%). Oral PPI therapy was usually initiated using a capsule/tablet (82%) as opposed to a PPI suspension (18%). Institutional guidelines for acid suppression were in place at only 23% of institutions, although 67% had restrictions for IV PPI use. Conclusion: Wide variation exists in the use of acid suppressive agents following upper GI bleeding in the state of Michigan.
The Long and Winding Road: From the High-Affinity Choline Uptake Site to Clinical Trials for Malignant Brain Tumors

Malignant brain tumors are one of the most lethal cancers. They originate from glial cells which infiltrate throughout the brain. Current standard of care involves surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy; median survival is currently ~14-20 months postdiagnosis. Given that the brain immune system is deficient in priming systemic immune responses to glioma antigens, we proposed to reconstitute the brain immune system to achieve immunological priming from within the brain. Two adenoviral vectors are injected into the resection cavity or remaining tumor. One adenoviral vector expresses the HSV-1-derived thymidine kinase which converts ganciclovir into a compound only cytotoxic to dividing glioma cells. The second adenovirus expresses the cytokine fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L). Flt3L differentiates precursors into dendritic cells and acts as a chemokine that attracts dendritic cells to the brain. HSV-1/ganciclovir killing of tumor cells releases tumor antigens that are taken up by dendritic cells within the brain tumor microenvironment. Tumor killing also releases HMGB1, an endogenous TLR2 agonist that activates dendritic cells. HMGB1-activated dendritic cells, loaded with glioma antigens, migrate to cervical lymph nodes to stimulate a systemic CD8+ T cells cytotoxic immune response against glioma. This immune response is specific to glioma tumors, induces immunological memory, and does neither cause brain toxicity nor autoimmune responses. An IND was granted by the FDA on 4/7/2011. A Phase I, first in person trial, to test whether reengineering the brain immune system is potentially therapeutic is ongoing.
Quantitative Information on Oncology Prescription Drug Websites.

Our objective was to determine whether and how quantitative information about drug benefits and risks is presented to consumers and healthcare professionals on cancer-related prescription drug websites. We analyzed the content of 65 active cancer-related prescription drug websites. We assessed the inclusion and presentation of quantitative information for two audiences (consumers and healthcare professionals) and two types of information (drug benefits and risks). Websites were equally likely to present quantitative information for benefits (96.9 %) and risks (95.4 %). However, the amount of the information differed significantly: Both consumer-directed and healthcare-professional-directed webpages were more likely to have quantitative information for every benefit (consumer 38.5 %; healthcare professional 86.1 %) compared with every risk (consumer 3.1 %; healthcare professional 6.2 %). The numeric and graphic presentations also differed by audience and information type. Consumers have access to quantitative information about oncology drugs and, in particular, about the benefits of these drugs. Research has shown that using quantitative information to communicate treatment benefits and risks can increase patients’ and physicians’ understanding and can aid in treatment decision-making, although some numeric and graphic formats are more useful than others.
Representations of Subjective Effort Cost

How effortful an action feels critically shapes everyday decisions. Despite the importance of perceptions of effortfulness for making choices, the behavioral and neural representations of the subjective cost of physical effort are not well understood. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to monitor brain activity while participants engaged in risky choices for prospective physical effort independent of reward. Behaviorally we found that participants exhibited increasing sensitivity to changes in subjective effort as objective effort levels increased. Moreover, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) encoded the subjective cost of prospective effort options and integrated these representations to facilitate decisions regarding effort expenditure. These results provide insight into human decision-making by showing how neural representations of feelings of effortfulness engender choices about exertion.
Morphologic Methods in the Study of Endocytosis in Cultured Cells

In the study of the internalization of ligands by cultured cells, a number of morphologic methods are available to follow the pathway of endocytosis and intracellular traffic. In general, a specific “handle” on the ligand or the receptor is required. This can take the form of specific antibodies to these components, the direct visualization of the ligand in the case of viral particles, or specially prepared cytochemical markers for the ligand- receptor system of interest. The methods of detection can be primary cytochemical tracer experiments, indirect immunocytochemical experiments, autoradiography, or the use of specialized light microscopic image intensification or microinjection techniques. The specific method used for any system usually depends on the chemical characteristics of ligand and receptor and on the availability of the necessary reagents. Thus, different laboratories have used the methods most practical for their specific system. This chapter describes methods with which we have had direct experience; many of these are in common use.
Predicting behavioural responses to novel organisms: state-dependent detection theory.

Human activity alters natural habitats for many species. Understanding variation in animals' behavioural responses to these changing environments is critical. We show how signal detection theory ca...
Fine-needle aspiration of peripheral lymph nodes in patients with tuberculosis and HIV

Previous studies of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens from lymph nodes of patients with tuberculosis (TB) and infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have often involved small numbers of specimens and have produced conflicting results. We reviewed 93 FNA specimens from peripheral lymph nodes in a consecutive series of 79 patients with TB to compare results for patients with and without HIV infection. The 45 patients with HIV infection in the series were more frequently male, more likely to have negative results on a purified protein derivative tuberculin skin test, and they had more disseminated disease. Granulomatous inflammation, a positive result on a culture, acid-fast bacilli, or necrosis was found in 71% of the studies. Identification of granulomatous inflammation occurred at a similar rate in FNA specimens from patients with HIV infection (16%) and without HIV infection (21%; P=.56). Necrosis was the sole reported finding in a significant subset of cases (16%), occurring in patients with and patients without HIV infection. FNA of peripheral lymph nodes of patients with TB was an effective diagnostic test. Granulomatous inflammation and other FNA findings in peripheral lymph nodes of patients with TB were similar in those with and those without HIV infection.
Influence of heavy metal contamination on urban natural enemies and biological control

Urban agriculture is increasing worldwide. A history of contamination within urban landscapes may negatively impact the biota necessary for sustainable crop production, including arthropod natural enemies. This investigation revealed that heavy metal contamination can influence the composition of natural enemy communities and exposure can have reproductive, developmental, immunological and behavioral impacts on predators and parasitoids. Natural enemies exposed to heavy metals typically live shorter lives, take longer to develop and exhibit a reduced reproductive potential. Further, they may incur significant energy costs though the production of detoxification enzymes. This is a new and relatively unexplored area for biological control research, with important implications for our understanding of urban agricultural food web interactions.
From Last to First — Could the U.S. Health Care System Become the Best in the World?

Commonwealth Fund reports have consistently rated the performance of the U.S. health care system last among high-income countries, though we spend far more on health care. An understanding of the reasons for that disparity may point the way to essential improvements.
Evaluating performance measurements in supplier selection decisions: A fuzzy-set based goal fitting approach

This exploratory study attempts to prove the premise that performance measurements are instrumental in the often inconsistent and dynamic supplier selection problem. The fundamental Supply Chain Management (SCM) phases of Plan, Source, Make, and Deliver and at what level of managerial decision making (Operational, Tactical or Strategic) are the performance measures considered in supplier selection and potential buyer-supplier partnerships. Utilizing survey responses, the scores of over 400 buyers comparing seven suppliers in a competitive, electronics industry were consolidated across the four phases of SCM then within each phase, the responses and scores were again mapped into the level of decision making involved. Fuzzy probabilities of fit into intervals for the average scores were determined and goals based on beliefs attributed to the goals were set. Results confirmed that the Source phase was most important to buyers followed by the Plan phase. The level of decision making was highlighted as Tactical.
Cyclanilide Spray Increases Branching in Containerized Whip Production

Abstract A major goal in the production of tree whips is to produce appropriately sized, well-branched liners with a crown form similar to that of a mature tree. Pruning is used to induce lateral branching. This can result in poor tree quality, reduced growth and the practice is labor intensive. An alternative to mechanical pruning, foliar Cyclanilide® (CYC) sprays at 0, 56, 1 12 and 223 ppm were applied to container grown whips to determine its effect on branching of Amelanchier; Cercis, Malus and Tilia whips. Most species responded to CYC sprays with increased lateral branching if treated during active shoot elongation. Cyclanilide® sprays of 1 12 ppm produced the greatest number of branches. Sprays at 56 ppm resulted in reduced branching (relative to 112 ppm), while sprays of 223 ppm did not increase the number of branches, relative to sprays of 112 ppm, but reduced growth. Cyclanilide® sprays reduced height growth, relative to untreated whips, but did not alter height diameter growth. Cyclanilide® fol...
Information and Entropy

An effective model takes one or more predictor, processes the information that they contain, and estimates a predicteds variable that is ideally useful in some way. But even the most sophisticated model is helpless if it is not given the information it needs to make a good decision. In this chapter, we explore the concept of information content of a variable, and we present a variety of algorithms for assessing the amount and nature of this information.
Protective effects of a radical scavenger edaravone on oligodendrocyte precursor cells against oxidative stress

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) play critical roles in maintaining the number of oligodendrocytes in white matter. Previously, we have shown that oxidative stress dampens oligodendrocyte regeneration after white matter damage, while a clinically proven radical scavenger, edaravone, supports oligodendrocyte repopulation. However, it is not known how edaravone exerts this beneficial effect against oxidative stress. Using in vivo and in vitro experiments, we have examined whether edaravone exhibits direct OPC-protective effects. For in vivo experiments, prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion was induced by bilateral common carotid artery stenosis in mice. OPC damage was observed on day 14 after the onset of cerebral hypoperfusion, and edaravone was demonstrated to decrease OPC death in cerebral white matter. In vitro experiments also confirmed that edaravone reduced oxidative-stress-induced OPC death. Because white matter damage is a major hallmark of many neurological diseases, and OPCs are instrumental in white matter repair after injury, our current study supports the idea that radical scavengers may provide a potential therapeutic approach for white matter related diseases.
Pedro Mexía y las varias lecciones de Plutarco

espanolEste articulo recoge y analiza el uso de las Vidas paralelas en la Silva de varia leccion (1540) de Pedro Mexia, contextualizandolo en el creciente interes por la figura de Plutarco a lo largo de la primera mitad del siglo XVI. Mexia, a diferencia de la predileccion generalizada por la obra moral, se inclina por la vertiente historica, aunque siempre persiste el caracter ejemplar de las biografias. Ademas, al tratarse de un intelectual que desconocia el griego, se plantea el origen de sus fuentes, barajando una doble solucion que implicaria la consulta de una traduccion latina y posiblemente una traduccion en vulgar. EnglishThis paper gathers and analyzes the use of the Parallel Lives in Pedro Mexia’s Silva de varia leccion (1540), while contextualizing it within the growing interest in Plutarch during the first half of the XVI century Spain. Mexia, unlike the generalized predilection for the moral works, favors Plutarch’s historical side, although the exemplary nature of the biographies always remains. In addition, being an intellectual who did not know the Greek language, we discuss the origin of his sources, proposing a double solution, which would involve the access to both a Latin and possibly a Spanish translation. catalaAquest article recull i analitza l'us de les Vidas paralelas en la Silva de varia leccion (1540) de Pedro Mexia, contextualitzant-lo en el creixent interes per la figura de Plutarc al llarg de la primera meitat del segle XVI. Mexia, a diferencia de la predileccio generalitzada per l'obra moral, s’inclina pel vessant historic, encara que sempre persisteix el caracter exemplar de les biografies. A mes, per tractar-se d'un intel·lectual que desconeixia el grec, es planteja l'origen de les seves fonts, barallant una doble solucio que implicaria la consulta d'una traduccio llatina i possiblement una traduccio en vulgar. italianoQuesto articolo raccoglie e analizza l'uso delle Vite parallele nella Silva de varia leccion (1540) di Pedro Mexia, contestualizzandolo nel crescente interesse per la figura di Plutarco nella prima meta del Cinquecento. Mexia, a differenza della predilezione generalizzata per le opere morali, propende per il lato storico, ma persiste sempre il carattere esemplare delle biografie. Inoltre, trattandosi di un intellettuale che non conosceva il greco, si interroga sull’origine delle proprie fonti, ipotizzando una doppia soluzione che comporterebbe la consultazione di una traduzione latina e probabilmente di una traduzione in volgare.
Myocardial revascularization as a therapeutic strategy in the patient with advanced ventricular dysfunction.

The number of patients with severe ventricular dysfunction from coronary artery disease is constantly increasing. Although the medical management of these patients with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and β-blockers has favorable impact on the morbidity and mortality the overall prognosis is still poor. Historically many of these patients have been referred for transplantation. In the past few years there has been an increasing amount of information about the utility of surgical revascularization in patients with low ejection fraction. Careful patient selection and optimal perioperative management is of critical importance for good outcome. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) can be performed relatively safely despite the advanced level of left ventricular dysfunction. Quality of life is improved by CABG with elimination of angina and enhanced functional capacity. Improvement in the ejection fraction and increased survival after the operation has been objectively demonstrated. However patients with advanced right ventricular dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, redo bypass and ungraftable coronaries should be considered for heart transplantation. In this review we describe our experience and focus on pertinent issues in patient selection, perioperative management and long term outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting.
Abstract 18810: Intralipid as Novel Antidote for Verapamil Poisoning

Background: Intralipid, a component of parenteral nutrition, consists of a fat emulsion of soy bean oil, egg phospholipids and glycerin. Case reports suggest that Intralipid may reverse the hypotension caused by acute overdoses of lipophilic drugs such as verapamil, but the mechanism of Intralipid action is not known. Methods and Results: We investigated the effect of Intralipid in vitro using isolated ventricular myocytes and in one patient with an acute verapamil overdose. Application of 0.5 vol% Intralipid significantly improved myocyte shortening and Ca 2+ transients (CaT) in the presence of 10 µM verapamil (mean increase in CaT 61±9 %, n=12, p 2+ currents (ICa, see Figure). The effect was concentration-dependent, with significant ICa recovery achieved at Intralipid concentrations as low as 0.03 vol% (ICa 15±4.7 % recovery, n=7, p Conclusions: Intralipid emulsion efficiently decreases free verapamil concentrations and reverses verapamil-induced Ca 2+ channel block. Rapid intravenous administration of Intralipid may be an effective antidote for hypotension caused by acute verapamil poisoning.
Spoiler Alert: When the Supreme Court Ruins Your Brief Problem Mid-Semester

Partway through this past year’s winter semester (which is what we call it in Michigan), the Supreme Court ruined my favorite summary judgment brief problem while my students were working on it. I had decided to use the problem despite the Court’s cert grant and knowing it was just a matter of time before the Court issued its decision. In this essay, I share some of the lessons that I learned along the way. I conclude that, while I have not typically set out to use a brief problem on an issue pending in the Supreme Court, doing so has some meaningful benefits.
Assessment of the Prevalence of Medical Student Mistreatment by Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and Sexual Orientation

Importance Previous studies have shown that medical student mistreatment is common. However, few data exist to date describing how the prevalence of medical student mistreatment varies by student sex, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation. Objective To examine the association between mistreatment and medical student sex, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study analyzed data from the 2016 and 2017 Association of American Medical Colleges Graduation Questionnaire. The questionnaire annually surveys graduating students at all 140 accredited allopathic US medical schools. Participants were graduates from allopathic US medical schools in 2016 and 2017. Data were analyzed between April 1 and December 31, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures Prevalence of self-reported medical student mistreatment by sex, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation. Results A total of 27 504 unique student surveys were analyzed, representing 72.1% of graduating US medical students in 2016 and 2017. The sample included the following: 13 351 female respondents (48.5%), 16 521 white (60.1%), 5641 Asian (20.5%), 2433 underrepresented minority (URM) (8.8%), and 2376 multiracial respondents (8.6%); and 25 763 heterosexual (93.7%) and 1463 lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) respondents (5.3%). At least 1 episode of mistreatment was reported by a greater proportion of female students compared with male students (40.9% vs 25.2%,P Conclusions and Relevance Female, URM, Asian, multiracial, and LGB students seem to bear a disproportionate burden of the mistreatment reported in medical schools. It appears that addressing the disparate mistreatment reported will be an important step to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion in medical education.
Standardizing Performance Metrics for Submarine Transmission Paths

This paper describes the progress and obstacles towards defining a universal performance metric for ultralong haul submarine transmission paths. Sources of error and quantitative assessment of capacity prediction is also addressed.
NASA CST aids U.S. industry

The effect of NASA's computational structures Technology (CST) research on aerospace vehicle design and operation is discussed. The application of this research to proposed version of a high-speed civil transport, to composite structures in aerospace, to the study of crack growth, and to resolving field problems is addressed.
The purinergic receptor P2Y11 choreographs the polarization, mitochondrial metabolism, and migration of T lymphocytes

T cells must migrate to encounter antigen-presenting cells and perform their roles in host defense. Here, we found that autocrine stimulation of the purinergic receptor P2Y11 regulates the migration of human CD4 T cells. P2Y11 receptors redistributed from the front to the back of polarized cells where they triggered intracellular cAMP/PKA signals that attenuated mitochondrial metabolism at the back. The absence of P2Y11 receptors at the front of cells resulted in hotspots of mitochondrial metabolism and localized ATP production that stimulated P2X4 receptors, Ca2+ influx, and pseudopod protrusion at the front. This regulatory function of P2Y11 receptors depended on their subcellular redistribution and autocrine stimulation by cellular ATP release and was perturbed by indiscriminate global stimulation. We conclude that excessive extracellular ATP—such as in response to inflammation, sepsis, and cancer—disrupts this autocrine feedback mechanism, which results in defective T cell migration, impaired T cell function, and loss of host immune defense.
Reconstruction and identification of H → W W * with high transverse momentum in the full hadronic final state

This paper presents a study of the reconstruction and identification of $H\ensuremath{\rightarrow}W{W}^{*}$ with high transverse momentum, where both ${W}^{(*)}$ bosons decay hadronically. We show that the boosted $H\ensuremath{\rightarrow}W{W}^{*}$ can be effectively reconstructed as a single jet and identified using jet substructures in the center-of-mass frame of the jet. Such a reconstruction and identification approach can discriminate the boosted $H\ensuremath{\rightarrow}W{W}^{*}$ in the full hadronic final state from QCD jets. This result will significantly improve experimental sensitivities of searches for potential new physics phenomena beyond the standard model in final states containing highly boosted Higgs bosons.
Pregnancy Outcomes Associated with Introduction of Early Diabetes Screening Guidelines.

OBJECTIVE The study aimed to evaluate perinatal outcomes associated with introduction of and adherence to early diabetes screening guidelines. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study of all women who received prenatal care at a single, high-volume tertiary care center before ("preguidelines") and after ("postguidelines") American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology guidelines for early pregnancy diabetes screening for women at high risk for diabetes. Women with known pregestational diabetes, late entry to prenatal care, a fetus with a known anomaly, or multiple gestation were excluded. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were constructed to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes between women in the preguidelines cohort to those in the postguidelines cohort. Similarly, adherence to screening guidelines was assessed, and among all women who were eligible for early diabetes screening, multivariable linear, and logistic models were created to compare outcomes between those women who were screened early to those who were not. RESULTS Of the 2,069 women eligible for analysis, 64.6% (n = 1,337) were in the postguideline cohort. Women in the postguideline cohort were older, less likely to have a history of smoking, and more likely to be non-Hispanic white. On multivariable analysis, women in the postguideline cohort had significantly less gestational weight gain (aβ = -2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -3.4 to -1.1), but a higher odds of 5-minute Apgar's score of <7 (adjusted odds ratio: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.11-5.66). Of 461 women who met ACOG early diabetes screening criteria, 58.7% (n = 270) were screened appropriately. Adherence to screening was associated with parity, race, insurance, and BMI. On multivariable analysis, there were no significant differences in neonatal outcomes between women meeting early screening criteria who were screened early and those who were not. CONCLUSION Introduction of early diabetes screening guidelines was associated with a significant decrease in gestational weight gain, but did not improve neonatal outcomes. KEY POINTS · Introduction of early diabetes screening guideline did not improve rate of early screening.. · Detection and treatment of gestational diabetes may not improve perinatal outcomes.. · Early screening guidelines was associated with decreased gestational weight..
Purposeful Fentanyl Use and Associated Factors among Opioid-Dependent People Who Inject Drugs.

Introduction: In recent years, opioid-related mortality has increased steadily in the United States. Fentanyl, a synthetic opioid, has been a primary driver of the current wave of overdose-related ...
The Art of ‘G/hosting’: Phantomime

Mimetic theory and Plato’s allusions to rhetoric as a phantom influence the construction of the next neologism in the rhetorrectional situation. Once a rhetor has been affected by the haunting of felt absence, and closely examined the situation for anachronistic intertextual elements (the double kairos), the question as to how to pass on that haunting to an audience arises. To merely explain the spectral directly diminishes the potential of the spectral to affect the audience. It also runs the risk of privileging the voice of the those over those who have been ghosted. Instead, the rhetor may draw on a form of mimesis that allows the spectral to find a voice. This form of mimesis is called phantomime.
Latency lags bandwidth

Summary form only given. As I review performance trends, I am struck by a consistent theme across many technologies over many years: bandwidth improves much more quickly than latency for four different technologies: disks, networks, memories and processors. A rule of thumb to quantify the imbalance is: bandwidth improves by more than the square of the improvement in latency. This paper lists a half-dozen performance milestones to document this observation, many reasons why it happens, a few ways to cope with it, and two small examples of how you might design systems differently if you kept this simple rule of thumb in mind.
Some summary remarks

Of the classical problems of physics there is one which might be picked out as simplest to state but slowest to approach solution. “What is the fate of a self-gravitating system of point masses interacting according to Newton’s laws?” The frustration felt by theoreticians, who, despite the accumulation of more than 300 years of mathematical knowledge and numerical technology, have not solved the problem, even to understanding the qualitative late evolution of such systems, is compounded by the existence of observations known since Messier’s time of over 100 globular star clusters. These are real and ancient systems, well approximating the idealized problem; astronomical study of their properties should have led us to an understanding of the physical situation. Galactic clusters containing smaller numbers of stars also exist in abundance. However, most of these are much younger systems and they are also subject to a variety of additional complex processes, not important in the large N, globular cluster, systems. Because of this complexity they are less well understood than globulars and will not be covered in this theoretically oriented review.
Evidence on the Auditor and Client Relationship: What Can Be Learned from Reasons Reported by Managers for Changing Auditors?

In this study I describe the population of auditor changes for companies subject to filing requirements with the Securities Exchange Commission over a five-year period 1992 to 1996. I use data obtained from Auditor Trak on the reasons why corporate managers change auditors. The description of the auditor changes over a five-year period and additional examination of factors leading to client-initiated changes, not only provide insights into client and auditor relations not documented in prior studies, but also offer evidence which financial reporting regulators can use to assess the need for increased or improved disclosures required when companies change auditors.The study has two primary findings. First, I examine auditor changes over a five-year period and document differences in those auditor changes dependent on the party initiating of the auditor realignment decision. The data suggest that clients are three times as likely to initiate a change as compared to auditors. Clients most frequently initiate an auditor change (54 percent of the sample), and auditors resign or decline to stand for re-election in 16 percent of observations. The remaining 30 percent are due to factors that cannot be reliably categorized as either client or auditor initiated. Second, I use evidence from prior studies to classify managers' reasons for an auditor change into three groups that summarize the motivating factors surrounding auditor realignment decisions. These groups relate to structural changes of the company, audit fees, and auditor-client frictions. The second primary result is obtained by grouping the reasons into similar motivating factors as shown in the literature (i.e., other than a simple classification by initiating party) for client-initiated changes. A structural change in the client or the auditor leads to the largest frequency of changes (38 percent) among client-initiated auditor switches. Another 25 percent of client-initiated changes report audit fees as being the reason for the change. Managers report that auditor-client frictions led to the change for approximately 5 percent of the changes. The remaining 32 percent cannot be reliably classified along the lines suggested by prior literature.
Surrogacy and Windsor's Penumbras

What does the invalidation of the federal “Defense of Marriage Act” in United States v. Windsor mean for the legal treatment of compensated surrogacy? A recent symposium asks this question, and the most direct and compelling answer asserts that Windsor will have little impact on surrogacy, which state law governs. This invited response to the symposium adopts a wider lens. It looks beyond Windsor’s holding to consider what more we might learn from examining Windsor’s “penumbras” and “emanations” — specifically Windsor’s politics, its repronormativity, and its federalism. Even with this expanded frame, the path from Windsor to significant surrogacy reform remains uncertain and obscure. Many surrogacy restrictions, like adoption restrictions, rest on policies that Windsor does not challenge. Further, the significance that Windsor accords to marriage and dignity, however broadly read, promises inclusion of gay and lesbian couples in the system of family law as it is, not fundamental transformation of that system itself.
Functional differences between Arctic seawater and sedimentary microbial communities: contrasts in microbial hydrolysis of complex substrates

The activities and structural specificities of extracellular enzymes that initiate microbial remineralization of high-molecular-weight (MW) organic matter were investigated in surface waters and sediments of an Arctic fjord of Svalbard. Hydrolysis rates of a suite of fluorescently labeled macromolecular substrates, including seven commercially available polysaccharides and three high-carbohydrate-content plankton extracts ranged from rapid to not detectable, and differed markedly between seawater and sediments. Order (fastest to slowest) of hydrolysis in surface water was laminarin, Spirulina extract, xylan>chondroitin, alginic acid, Wakame extract>arabinogalactan, fucoidan> Isochrysis extract⋙pullulan, while in sediments the order was pullulan, laminarin, alginic acid, Wakame extract>chondroitin, xylan>arabinogalactan, Isochrysis extract> Spirulina extract>fucoidan. These differences cannot be explained by simple scaling factors such as differences in microbial cell numbers between seawater and sediments. Other investigations have shown that microbial community composition of Svalbard sediments and of polar bacterioplankton samples differ markedly. These results demonstrate that sedimentary and seawater microbial communities also differ fundamentally in their abilities to access specific high-MW substrates. Substrate bioavailability depends on the capabilities of a microbial community, as well as the chemical and structural features of the substrate itself.