cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Light-activated gene expression directs segregation of co-cultured cells in vitro.

Light-directed gene patterning methods have been described as a means to regulate gene expression in a spatially and temporally controlled manner. Several methods have been reported that use photocaged forms of small molecule effectors to control ligand-dependent transcription factors. Whereas these methods offer many advantages including high specificity and transient light-sensitivity, the free diffusion of the uncaged effector can limit both the magnitude and resolution of localized gene induction. Methods to date have been limited by the small fraction of irradiated cells that have expression levels significantly above uninduced background and have not been shown to affect a defined biological response. The tetracycline-dependent transactivator/transrepressor system, RetroTET-ART, combined with a photocaged form of doxycycline (NvOC-Dox) can be used to form photolithographic patterns of induced expression wherein up to 85% of the patterned cells show expression levels above uninduced regions. The effi...
Professionalism education of OB/GYN resident physicians: What makes a difference?

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new Professionalism curriculum in an Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN) residency after introducing Narrative Medicine and Professional Development/Support Group (PDSG) programs. Methods: 32 OB/GYN residents participated in this IRB approved pilot study. Twenty residents were assessed with the Barry Challenges to Professionalism Questionnaire (Barry), the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Physician Version (JSE), and the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration (JSAT) in August 2010, as controls. Five Narrative Medicine sessions and four PDSG sessions were then used from August 2010-May 2011, for resident physician professionalism education. Seventeen residents then underwent post-testing with the Barry, JSE, and JSAT in May 2011. Results: The pre-test/post-test Barry comparison showed an improvement in scores after introduction of the new Narrative Medicine and PDSG curriculum (7.6 +/- 2.1 versus 8.4 +/- 1.6; p = 0.10) though this was not statistically significant. Pre-test/post-test comparison of JSAT scores showed a statistically significant decline in collaboration (52.3 +/- 4.1 versus 49.7 +/- 3.7; p = 0.028) while JSE scores showed a downward trend in empathy (109.3 +/- 10.0 versus 104.8 +/- 9.2; p = 0.086). Conclusion: Narrative Medicine and PDSG small group sessions could be an effective component of OB/GYN resident physician Professionalism curriculum. This pilot project was underpowered, due to limited resources.
Signal processing by cat lateral superior olivary neurons

Signal processing by neurons in the lateral superior olive, an auditory brain stem nucleus, is described based on the statistical analysis of extracellularly recorded single-unit data.
Mesoscopic Nonlinear Elastic Modulus of Thermal Barrier Coatings Determined by Cylindrical Punch Indentation

Cylindrical punch indentations are performed to determine the effective modulus of a plasma-sprayed ZrO2-8Wt%Y2O3 thermal barrier coating (TBC) as a function of coating depth. Cylindrical punch indentations offer significant advantages over pointed (Vickers, Berkovich, or Knoop) indentations for materials that do not exhibit linear elastic behavior. Cyclic loading with a cylindrical punch clearly shows the TBCs to exhibit nonlinear elastic behavior with significant hysteresis that is related to the compaction and internal sliding within the plasma-spray splat microstructure. In addition, the effect of a high heat flux laser treatment was shown to produce a gradient both in the effective TBC modulus and degree of loading/unloading hysteresis with depth.
Draft Genome Sequence of Deinococcus phoenicis, a Novel Strain Isolated during the Phoenix Lander Spacecraft Assembly

ABSTRACT Deinococcus phoenicis strain 1P10MET is a radiation- and desiccation-resistant bacterium isolated from a cleanroom facility where the Phoenix Lander spacecraft was assembled. In order to facilitate investigations of the nature of the extreme resistance of D. phoenicis to bactericidal factors, a draft genome sequence of D. phoenicis was determined.
Translator writing systems

A critical review of recent efforts to automate the writing of translators of programming languages is presented. The formal study of syntax and its application to translator writing are discussed in Section II. Various approaches to automating the postsyntactic (semantic) aspects of translator writing are discussed in Section III, and several related topics in Section IV.
Effects of different feeding methods on growth and harvest traits of young Alpine kids

Abstract Growth and carcass traits were studied in 30 Alpine wether kids (2 weeks of age) fed with ad libitum (A) or limited (1 kg/day) milk, with (LC) or without (L) ad libitum supplemental concentrate, and slaughtered at 10 or 13 weeks of age. ADG was lowest among dietary treatments for L (P
Voltage stress on 8000 HP induction motor due to GTO current source inverter — Case study

Voltage surges with fast rise times of the order of fractions of a microsecond can severely stress the motor winding insulation. If this insulation material does not have the appropriate dielectric strength and thickness, this voltage surge will result in the electrical breakdown in the first few turns in the stator winding of the motor. This insulation failure will result in a high turn-to-turn current eventually leading to a ground fault. The objective of this paper is to investigate the magnitude and rise time of the voltage surges on the motor winding while in service. Measurements were conducted on a medium voltage (4.16 kVac) variable frequency drive (VFD). The drive system consisted of a six-pulse, symmetrical GTO current source inverter (CSI), connected to a 4-pole, 1800 rpm, 8,000-hp 3-phase induction motor. Experimental results and computer simulation for the 4.16 kVac, 8,000-hp CSI drive are given to substantiate the results. A high frequency induction motor model is discussed and used in the simulation. This paper provides useful design information on peak voltages and dV/dt impressed by CSI on the first few turns of the motor winding.
AutoTest: A Tool for Automatic Test Case Generation in Spreadsheets

In this paper we present a system that helps users test their spreadsheets using automatically generated test cases. The system generates the test cases by backward propagation and solution of constraints on cell values. These constraints are obtained from the formula of the cell that is being tested when we try to execute all feasible DU associations within the formula. AutoTest generates test cases that execute all feasible DU pairs. If infeasible DU associations are present in the spreadsheet, the system is capable of detecting and reporting all of these to the user. We also present a comparative evaluation of our approach against the "Help Me Test" mechanism in Forms/3 and show that our approach is faster and produces test suites that give better DU coverage.
A NEW METHOD FOR ISOLATING POLLEN AND SPORES FROM ACETATE PEELS FOR SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

Abstract A procedure for precisely extracting pollen and spores from cellulose acetate peels made from Carboniferous permineralizations is described. This technique produces either whole or sectioned clean grains and allows for the correlation of morphological and ultrastructural features by scanning electron microscopy. The critical examination of pollen and spores from peels prepared for earlier studies is now possible using this technique.
Wind dispersal and subsequent establishment of VA mycorrhizal fungi across a successional arid landscape

Wind is an important vector in the dispersal of microorganisms to new habitats. However, wind dispersal is generally assumed to be random or logarithmically related to distance. We assessed the wind dispersal and subsequent establishment of an important group of plant symbionts, VA mycorrhizal fungi, across a 74 Ha recontoured surface mine. Winds were predominantly westerly aloft, but due to complex north-south ridges, up-valley, thermally-driven air flows developed. Patterns of spore dispersal were tested by a combination of released spore mimics from the potential source areas and by assessing the composition of species deposited across the site and in the putative source areas. Survival of the fungi was assessed two years after the dispersal patterns were monitored. The spore mimics moved in predictable but complex patterns across the site depending on the interactions of surface and upper winds. Mimics from the valley sources moved up the valleys in the lower flows and occasionally over the ridges in the upper winds. Those from the ridge approximately 2 km distant were entrained in the upper air flows and deposited all across the site. The VA mycorrhizal fungal species compositions from the soils correlated with the deposition patterns measured with the mimics. Fungal survival showed a pattern similar to dispersal; the fungi often survived in habitats not resembling the habitat of origin although some selection in both more favorable and less favorable sites occurred. These data suggest that microbial dispersal even by wind is predictable if the wind characteristics are known, that the VA mycorrhizal fungi from the site can survive in habitats different from their habitats of origin, but that some selection among species may occur after deposition.
Bayesian treatment of the independent student-t linear model

SUMMARY This article takes up methods for Bayesian inference in a linear model in which the disturbances are independent and have identical Student-t distributions. It exploits the equivalence of the Student-t distribution and an appropriate scale mixture of normals, and uses a Gibbs sampler to perform the computations. The new method is applied to some well-known macroeconomic time series. It is found that posterior odds ratios favour the independednt Student- linear model over the normal linear model inodl, and that the posterior odds ratio in favour of difference stationarity over trend stationarity is often substantially less in the favoured Student-t models. The possibility of leptokurtic disturbances is a common concern of econometricians and other users of the linear model. This article takes up methods for Bayesian inference in a linear model in which the disturbances are independent and have identical Student-t distributions. It exploits the equivalence of the Student-t distribution and an appropriate scale mixture of normals, and uses a Gibbs sampler to perform the computations. The main contribution is to provide a simple and stable computational method for full Bayesian inference in the independent Student-t linear model. The new method is applied to some well-known macroeconomic time series. It is found that posterior odds ratios favour the independent Student-t linear model over the normal linear model, and that the posterior odds ratio in favour of difference stationarity over trend stationarity is often substantially less in the favoured Student-t models. The work reported here builds on Bayesian treatments of heteroscedasticity, which began with hierarchical models for the analysis of variance (Lindley, 1965, 1971). With the adaptation of a prior distribution making cell means linear in cofactors (Lindley and Smith, 1972), this treatment was effectively extended to the linear regression model. Lindley (1971) took up the conjugate prior in which the inverses of the variances are x2(v), up to a factor of proportionality with an improper prior. It is shown in Section 2.1 that this is equivalent to the specification of an independent Student-t linear model with known degrees of freedom. In an important variant on this model, Leonard (1975) used a prior in which the log variances are linear functions of cofactors, and constructed an approximation to the posterior density. This article extends these developments in two ways. First, it shows how to construct the exact posterior distribution, whereas the earlier work was confined to obtaining the posterior mode of an approximate posterior. (Interestingly, however, the algorithm in the appendix of
A generalized model for coupled lines and its application to planar balun synthesis

A network model for unsymmetrical and inhomogeneous coupled lines is derived based on normal mode parameters. The derivation is based on the four-port impedance or admittance matrix which could be found by using normal mode parameters. This model is useful for synthesis of single and multi-layer coupled line circuits. As an example, the model is used for synthesis of a planar balun circuit configuration. The synthesis procedure is verified by comparison with the analysis results. >
Intrinsic competition between larval parasitoids with different degrees of host specificity

1. Interspecific competition among parasitoids may play a key role in the community dynamics of tritrophic plant-herbivore-parasitoid systems and has important implications for management of herbivorous insect pests. 2. A model system was used to explore the outcome of interspecific competition between parasitoids that differ in host specificity. The system included the lepidopteran pest Heliothis virescens, the generalist parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris, and two specialist parasitoids, Microplitis croceipes and Cardiochiles nigriceps. 3. The generalist, C. marginiventris, dominated intrinsic competition when given an 8-h developmental head start over C. nigriceps or when its oviposition was simultaneous with that of M. croceipes. Microplitis croceipes and especially C. nigriceps larvae prevailed when they were allowed to oviposit prior to C. marginiventris. 4. Rates of host mortality prior to parasitoid emergence varied with parasitoid species composition and with the order of oviposition. 5. Implications for integrated pest management and the adaptive significance of competition as related to host specialisation are discussed.
Illustrative cases of false positive biopsies after stereotactic body radiation therapy for lung cancer based on abnormal FDG-PET-CT imaging

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for early stage lung cancer has made significant strides as an alternative to surgery.1 We present two cases of non-small cell lung cancer treated with SBRT and then followed serially with imaging in which suspicion of recurrence led to biopsies.
Economics, Philosophy of History, and the “Single Dynamic” of Power Cycle Theory: Expectations, Competition, and Statecraft

ABSTRACr. What matters in the structural dynamics of any political or economic system is the contradiction between absolute and relative trends. The "single dynamic" of power and role, of state and system, encodes the "perspective of statecraft" in the trends and shifting trends of relative share. The "tides of history" shift counter-intuitively, creating enormous uncertainty, inverting future expectations about role and security, and disrupting the normal stability of statecraft. Power cycle theory reconciles realism and idealism in conceptualizing foreign policy role as coequal in significance with power in a legitimate world order. A "dynamic equilibrium" requires reciprocal adaptation to structural change, and it is explicitly non-hegemonic. This article establishes the philosophical foundations of power cycle theory as a theory of competition actualized in productive interaction.
Semiclassical Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Excited State Photodissociation Dynamics of H2O in the A 1 B1 Band

The photodissociation dynamics of H 2 O in the A 1 B 1 band is investigated by implementing a recently developed time-sliced semiclassical initial value representation method (Burant, J. C.; Batista, V. S. J. Chem, Phys. 2002, 116, 2748). The capabilities of the computational method are explored as applied to calculations of partial and total photodissociation cross sections associated with highly excited vibrational states of H 2 O. The direct comparison of our semiclassical results with full quantum mechanical calculations shows that the semiclassical approach is able to describe the H 2 O spectroscopy and the overall photodissociation dynamics in excellent agreement with full quantum mechanical results.
Rapoport's bathymetric rule and the latitudinal species diversity gradient for Northeast Pacific fishes and Northwest Atlantic gastropods: evidence against a causal link

Aim Few studies have explicitly considered the recurrent pattern of declining species diversity and increasing geographical range size that exists for numerous taxa across a variety of physical gradients. We extend Stevens [Stevens, G.C. (1996) Journal of Biogeography, 23, 149] work on Rapoport’s bathymetric rule, using a more complete latitudinal assemblage of Northeast Pacific fishes and new data from Northwest Atlantic gastropods, to show that bathymetrical range size and species diversity are not causally linked. Location Fishes from the Northeast Pacific (0–60 N) and gastropods from the Northwest Atlantic (0–74 N) distributed from the surface to depths greater than 200 m. Methods Species pools were divided into three bathymetrical subgroups: (1) species restricted to shallow waters, between the surface and 200 m, (2) species that occurred in waters, both shallow and deep of 200 m, and (3) species restricted to waters deeper than 200 m. Median bathymetrical range size and total number of species were plotted against latitude (2 bins) using Stevens method, for the entire species pool and individual bathymetrical groups. Results For both fishes and gastropods, the apparent link between extratropical diversity and bathymetrical range size is an artefact resulting from the disproportionately high number of shallow restricted species in tropical latitudes, and the loss of these species in temperate latitudes. Furthermore, the extratropical gradient in gastropod diversity and bathymetrical range size are decoupled by approximately 15, and while the latitudinal pattern for diversity is consistent across bathymetrical groups, median bathymetrical range size is highly irregular. Main conclusions These results suggests that functional groups can contribute disproportionately to patterns apparent at larger scales and that analysis of ecographical patterns by subregion is a novel approach that can help resolve debates over causality when patterns are seemingly coincident.
Riboflavin metabolism in the hypothyroid newborn

In the hypothyroid rat the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) content of the liver is similar to that observed in rats maintained on a riboflavin-deficient diet. Thyroxine regulates the enzyme flavin kinase. Human adults with hypothyroidism have levels of erythrocyte glutathione reductase (EGR), an FAD-containing enzyme, in the range indicative of riboflavin deficiency, which can be corrected with thyroxine therapy. In the present study six newborns with severe congenital hypothyroidism because of athyrosis, ectopic thyroidism, or congenital hypothyroidism with Down's syndrome had normal levels of EGR, and treatment with thyroxine had no effect on these levels.
The risk of overall mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving glipizide, glyburide, or glimepiride monotherapy: a retrospective analysis.

OBJECTIVE Sulfonylureas have historically been analyzed as a medication class, which may be inappropriate given the differences in properties inherent to the individual sulfonylureas (hypoglycemic risk, sulfonylurea receptor selectivity, and effects on myocardial ischemic preconditioning). The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of individual sulfonylureas and the risk of overall mortality in a large cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted using an academic health center enterprise-wide electronic health record (EHR) system to identify 11,141 patients with type 2 diabetes (4,279 initiators of monotherapy with glyburide, 4,325 initiators of monotherapy with glipizide, and 2,537 initiators of monotherapy with glimepiride), ≥18 years of age with and without a history of coronary artery disease (CAD) and not on insulin or a noninsulin injectable at baseline. The patients were followed for mortality by documentation in the EHR and Social Security Death Index. Multivariable Cox models were used to compare cohorts. RESULTS No statistically significant difference in the risk of overall mortality was observed among these agents in the entire cohort, but we did find evidence of a trend toward an increased overall mortality risk with glyburide versus glimepiride (hazard ratio 1.36 [95% CI 0.96–1.91]) and glipizide versus glimepiride (1.39 [0.99–1.96]) in those with documented CAD. CONCLUSIONS Our results did not identify an increased mortality risk among the individual sulfonylureas but did suggest that glimepiride may be the preferred sulfonylurea in those with underlying CAD.
Eddy Resolving Global Ocean Prediction

This is the first year of a three-year Challenge Project with the principal goal of performing the necessary research and development to prepare to provide real time depiction of the three-dimensional global ocean state at fine resolution (1/25° on the equator, 3.5 km at mid-latitudes, and 2 km in the Arctic). The prediction system won’t run in real time until FY12, since this is when the first computer large enough to run it in real time is expected to be available at NAVOCEANO. A major sub-goal of this effort is to test new capabilities in the existing 1/12° global HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) nowcast/forecast system and to transition some of these capabilities to NAVOCEANO in the existing 1/12° global system, and others in the 1/25° system. The new capabilities support (1) increased nowcast and forecast skill, the latter out to 30 days in many deep water regions, including regions of high Navy interest, such as the Western Pacific and the Arabian Sea/ Gulf of Oman, (2) boundary conditions for coastal models in very shallow water (to zero depth with wetting and drying), and (3) external and internal tides, the latter with initial testing at 1/12° but transition to NAVOCEANO only in the 1/25° system (all these will greatly benefit from the increase to 1/25° resolution). At 1/25°, the entire first year will be spent on initial climatologically forced non-assimilative simulations that are necessary before we can start data assimilation hindcasts. At 1/12°, we have started exploring improved model configurations with climatologically forced runs and testing improved data assimilation with hindcast cases.
Tubular symplectic inclusions in olivine from the Fukang pallasite

Olivine from the Fukang meteorite, like that from many other pallasites, contains distinctive arrays of parallel, straight, tubular inclusions. They differ in their extension and linearity from those in terrestrial olivines. They comprise approximately 1% of the total volume. Most have lens-shaped cross-sections, but some are rounded. The major axis of the lens-shaped inclusions is rigorously oriented along olivine (001), and the rounded ones lie along olivine (010) and a few along (100). The linear nature and orientations of the inclusions suggest that they nucleated on screw dislocations, perhaps formed through shock triggering. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy show that the inclusions consist of symplectic intergrowths of chromite, diopside, and silica that appear to have formed by exsolution from the host olivine. The symplectites consist of chromite lamellae with approximately 35-nm spacings that grew outward from a central plane, with interstitial diopside and silica. Contrast modulations having an average spacing of 4.4 nm occur within the chromite lamellae. Using a reaction- front model, we estimate that exsolution occurred over a period of 30 to 100 min, suggesting rapid cooling at high temperature. The crystallographic observations and inferences on growth rate are consistent with the hypothesis that the inclusions nucleated during heating following dislocation formation in a shock event, perhaps concurrent with that proposed to have disrupted the pallasite parent body.
An implicit method for coupled flow-body dynamics

We propose an efficient method for computing coupled flow-body dynamics. The time-stepping is implicit, and uses an iterative method (preconditioned GMRES) to solve the flow-body equations. The preconditioner solves a decoupled version of the equations which involves only the inversion of banded matrices, and requires a small number of iterations per time step. We use the method to probe the instability to horizontal motions of an elliptical body with simple vertical motions: flapping and rising. In both cases a linear instability to horizontal motion sets in above a critical Reynolds number, leading to a stable oscillatory state. The pressure forces play a destabilizing role against the stabilizing viscous forces, with oscillatory time scales set by either external flapping or the intrinsic flow-body coupling. The latter lowers the instability threshold in Reynolds number.
Dads Doing Diapers: Individual and Relational Outcomes Associated With the Division of Childcare Across the Transition to Parenthood

This longitudinal study examined how relative contributions to the division of childcare are related to individual and relational outcomes across the first 2 years of the transition to parenthood. Data were collected from a large sample of first-time parents 6 weeks before the birth of their child and then at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postpartum. The results revealed that certain individual differences-especially gender and attachment avoidance-shape individual reactions to childcare, above and beyond the proportion of childcare tasks that partners report completing. Women and less avoidantly attached new parents handle the introduction of childcare tasks better than most men, especially those who are more avoidantly attached. In addition, certain reactions to childcare, such as childcare self-efficacy and perceptions of work-family conflict, moderate the relation between contributions to childcare and relationship satisfaction over the course of the transition. We also discuss the need for more research on men's adjustment during this particularly stressful transition.
Detecting and Correcting Learner Korean Particle Omission Errors

We detect errors in Korean post-positional particle usage, focusing on optimizing omission detection, as omissions are the single-biggest factor in particle errors for learners of Korean. We also develop a system for predicting the correct choice of a particle. For omission detection, we model the task largely on English grammatical error detection, but employ Korean-specific features and filters; likewise, output analysis and the omission correction system illustrate how unique properties of Korean, such as the distinct types of particles used, need to be accounted for in adapting the system, thereby moving the field one step closer to robust multi-lingual methods.
Relationship Between Accelerometer-Measured Activity and Self-Reported or Performance-Based Function in Older Adults with Severe Aortic Stenosis

In older adults with aortic stenosis, we evaluated whether accelerometer-measured physical activity provides distinct clinical information apart from self-reported surveys or performance-based function tests. We employed wrist-mounted accelerometry in 52 subjects with severe aortic stenosis prior to transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Daily daytime activity was estimated using the maximum 10 h of daily accelerometer-measured activity (M10) reported in activity counts. Subjects completed baseline surveys (New York Heart Association (NYHA), Short Form 12 (SF12), Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D), Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), Life Space, Detailed Activity Form) and performance-based function tests (Short Physical Performance Battery, 6-min walk test distance, grip strength) to estimate functional status. Simple and multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between accelerometer-measured activity and survey data and performance-based function tests. Among all baseline surveys and performance-based function tests, the only statistically significant univariable relationships identified were weak, negative associations between M10 and SF-12 Mental Composite Score (R2=0.1970, P=0.04) and between M10 and grip strength (R2=0.1568, P=0.004). Neither multiple linear regression of overall survey data (R2=0.6159, P=0.23) nor performance-based function tests (R2=0.1743, P=0.10) correlated with M10. Self-reported surveys and performance-based function tests are not meaningfully correlated with daytime accelerometer-measured activity. The results of our study suggest that accelerometer-measured physical activity provides distinct clinical information apart from self-reported surveys or performance-based function tests.
The Role of Gender in Distance Learning: A Meta-Analytic Review of Gender Differences in Academic Performance and Self-Efficacy in Distance Learning

This meta-analytic review was performed to determine the relationship between gender and two constructs measuring success in distance learning—academic performance and self-efficacy—with a particular interest in identifying whether females or males have an advantage in distance learning environments. Data from 15 studies resulted in 18 effect sizes for aggregation and comparison, with 9 of those effect sizes attributed to academic performance and 9 attributed to measures of self-efficacy. The aggregate effect sizes for both academic performance and self-efficacy were found to be significant (d = .36, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = .25–.46, p < .001; d = .22, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = .04–.41, p < .05), and were small or small-to-medium, respectively. The effect sizes for academic performance were not significantly heterogeneous, but the effect sizes for self-efficacy were. Exploratory moderator analyses indicated that the combination mode of learning with both online contact and face-to-face interact...
Optimization of Extraction Process of Cellulase from Spent Planting Sack of Flammulina velutipes

Cellulase from the spent planting sack of Flammulina velutipes was prepared by extraction. The effects of extraction time,extraction p H- value,extraction temperature and solid- liquid ratio on the activity of cellulase were studied through single-factor tests and orthogonal experiments. The optimum process parameters were obtained as follows: extraction time 1 h,p H- value5. 0,extraction temperature 30 ℃,and solid- liquid ratio 0. 3∶ 1. Under these optimum conditions,the activity of the extracted cellulase was 17. 01 U / m L,which was 27. 6% higher than that before the optimization of extraction process.
Mechanical Properties of Ni-P Coatings Prepared by Electroless Plating on Surface of 5083 Aluminum Alloy

Amorphous Ni-P films were prepared on 5083 aluminum alloy substrates by electroless plating. The mechanical properties of Ni-P films with different strain rates were investigated by nanoindentation tests. It was found that the hardness of Ni-P films is not constant,which depends on depth. Elastic modulus is almost invariable. Discrete displacement bursts and jumping steps in load-depth curves are associated with the loading-rate. The slower the loading rate is,the more obvious the curve steps appear. The discrete displacement burst starts from a single shear band. In a high strain rate,jumping steps do not appear on curves.
Electromagnetic Environment of 1000kV UHV Transmission Line

Comparison and analysis on transmission corridor for 1000 kV transmission line and those for five-circuit 500 kV transmission lines as well as the two electromagnetic environment are performed. Analysis results show that under the same transmitted power,the width of transmission corridor for 1000 kV transmission line can be narrowed down in the range from 98m to 110m than total width of corridors for five-circuit 500 kV transmission lines;meanwhile the effected ranges of power frequency electric field and magnetic field,radio interference and audible noise are evidently decreased.
Examining interference of different cognitive tasks on voluntary balance control in aging and stroke

This study compared the effect of semantic and working memory tasks when each was concurrently performed with a voluntary balance task to evaluate the differences in the resulting cognitive-motor interference (CMI) between healthy aging and aging with stroke. Older stroke survivors (n = 10), older healthy (n = 10) and young adults (n = 10) performed the limits of stability, balance test under single task (ST) and dual task (DT) with two different cognitive tasks, word list generation (WLG) and counting backwards (CB). Cognitive ability was evaluated by recording the number of words and digits counted while sitting (ST) and during balance tasks (DT). The balance and cognitive costs were computed using [(ST–DT)/ST] × 100 for all the variables. Across groups, the balance cost was significantly higher for the older stroke survivors group in the CB condition than older healthy (p < 0.05) and young adult groups (p < 0.05) but was similar between these two groups for the WLG task. Similarly, the cognitive cost was significantly higher in older stroke survivors than in older healthy (p < 0.05) and young adults (p < 0.01) for both the cognitive tasks. The working memory task resulted in greater CMI than the semantic one, and this difference seemed to be most apparent in older stroke survivors. Young adults showed the least CMI, with a similar performance on the two memory tasks. On the other hand, healthy aging and stroke impact both semantic and working memory. Stroke-related cognitive deficits may further significantly decrease working memory function.
Tuberculosis in Jails and Prisons: United States, 2002−2013

Objectives. To describe cases and estimate the annual incidence of tuberculosis in correctional facilities.Methods. We analyzed 2002 to 2013 National Tuberculosis Surveillance System case reports to characterize individuals who were employed or incarcerated in correctional facilities at time they were diagnosed with tuberculosis. Incidence was estimated with Bureau of Justice Statistics denominators.Results. Among 299 correctional employees with tuberculosis, 171 (57%) were US-born and 82 (27%) were female. Among 5579 persons incarcerated at the time of their tuberculosis diagnosis, 2520 (45%) were US-born and 495 (9%) were female. Median estimated annual tuberculosis incidence rates were 29 cases per 100 000 local jail inmates, 8 per 100 000 state prisoners, and 25 per 100 000 federal prisoners. The foreign-born proportion of incarcerated men 18 to 64 years old increased steadily from 33% in 2002 to 56% in 2013. Between 2009 and 2013, tuberculosis screenings were reported as leading to 10% of diagnoses a...
Discharge within 2 Days After Primary Total Knee or Hip Arthroplasty Is Safe for the Right Patient: Commentary on an article by J. Carl Sutton III, MD, et al.: "Hospital Discharge within 2 Days Following Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty Does Not Increase Major-Complication and Readmission Rates".

Reduced length of stay following elective knee and hip arthroplasty is an obvious target for cost savings, but is it safe? The answer is a cautious “yes,” for the right patient. The authors of this study do a commendable job of tackling the question via use of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Specifically, they divided primary arthroplasties performed among NSQIP-participating hospitals in 2011 and 2012 on the basis of length of stay, with “early” discharge defined as discharge 0 to 2 days postoperatively and “standard” discharge, 3 to 4 days postoperatively. The authors then carefully compared 30-day major-complication and readmission rates. From 2011 to 2012, 31% of the primary hip arthroplasties and 21% of the primary knee arthroplasties at NSQIP hospitals fell into the “early” category, and after controlling for demographic and clinical differences between the groups (age, ASA [American Society of Anesthesiologists] classification, etc.), complications and readmissions were no worse in …
Metabolic and structural sites of damage in heat- and sanitizer-injured populations of Listeria monocytogenes

Two food isolates of Listeria monocytogenes (strains ATCC 51414 and F5027) were sublethally injured by exposure to heat (56°C for 20 min) or to a chlorine sanitizer (Antibac, 100 ppm for 2 min). Percent injury following treatment ranged from 84% to 99%. Injured Listeria were repaired in Listeria repair broth (LRB) at 37°C. Comparison of the repair curves generated by each method indicated that the time for repair was greater for sanitizer-injured cells (14 h) than for heat-injured cells (5 h). Sites of injury were determined by repairing heat- and sanitizer-treated Listeria in LRB supplemented with one of the following inhibitors: rifampicin (10 and 20 μg/ml), chloramphenicol (5 μg/ml), cycloserine D (10 and 20 μg/ml), and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl-hydrazone(CCCP) (2.5 μg/ml). In both heat- and sanitizer-injured populations, a total inhibition of repair was seen following incubation with rifampicin, chloramphenicol and CCCP. These results clearly indicate a requirement for mRNA, protein synthesis, a...
Randomized trial of a novel double lumen nasopharyngeal catheter versus traditional nasal cannula during total intravenous anesthesia for gastrointestinal procedures.

Abstract Study objective Patients undergoing general anesthesia routinely experience episodes of hypoxemia. There are multiple causes of procedural oxygen desaturation including upper airway obstruction and central hypoventilation. We hypothesize that oxygen supplementation via nasopharyngeal catheter (NPC) will decrease the number of episodes of hypoxemia as compared to traditional NC oxygen supplementation in patients undergoing general anesthesia provided by an anesthesia provider for gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures. Design Randomized control trial. Setting Endoscopy suite. Patients Sixty patients undergoing intravenous general anesthesia for endoscopic gastrointestinal procedures that did not require endotracheal intubation were enrolled. Interventions Patients were randomized to receive supplemental oxygen by either a standard nasal cannula or a nasopharyngeal catheter. Initial oxygen flow rate was 4l/min and titrated at the anesthesia provider's discretion. Intravenous anesthetic consisted of a propofol infusion. Measurements Hypoxemia was defined as a pulse oximetry reading of Main results Of the 60 enrolled patients; three subjects in the NPC group were excluded from further analysis. There was no difference between group in age, ASA classification, Body Mass Index, oropharyngeal classification or total propofol dose. Patients who received nasopharyngeal oxygen supplementation were less likely to experience a clinically significant oxygen desaturation event 3 of 27 (11.0%) versus 12 of 30 subjects (40.0%), p=0.013. Interventions to assists with airway management were required for fewer patients in the NPC group 4 (14.8%) versus the NC group, 17 (56.7%), p=0.001. Conclusion Oxygen supplementation via a nasopharyngeal catheter during intravenous general anesthesia resulted in significantly fewer episodes of hypoxemia and number of airway assist maneuvers. Future studies are needed to assess the utility of NPC in other clinical environments where supplemental oxygen is required in the setting of potential airway obstruction.
Phase coexistence and dynamical behavior in NdNiO3 ultrathin films

Rare-earth nickelates exhibit several temperature-driven phase transitions that are tunable by the size of the rare-earth ions, pressure, epitaxial strain in ultrathin films, etc. We investigate the metal-insulator and Neel transitions in a series of NdNiO3 thin films with varying degrees of lattice mismatch using ultralow frequency electrical noise measurements. The noise magnitude follows a 1/f behavior and is Gaussian in the high temperature paramagnetic metallic phase of the films, however deviations are seen in the low temperature paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic insulating phases. The noise magnitude increases by orders of magnitude at temperatures below the metal-insulator transition and is indicative of inhomogeneous electrical conduction arising from phase separation. The inhomogeneous nature of conduction is corroborated by the presence of a large non-Gaussian noise signature in the low temperature phases. Well below the Neel temperature, the noise behavior evolves between Gaussian and non-Gaussian over several hours pointing to dynamically competing ground states with subtle variations within the antiferromagnetic insulating phase.
The Cane Sword

This report provides an overview of the injuries caused by a unique blade-type weapon known as a cane sword. The cane sword usually consists of a blade that is stored in a cylindrical “cane” that can be released at the handle to reveal the hidden blade within. The victim of the case was found to have a stab wound in the left mid-back that caused perforation of both the lower and upper lobes of the left lung, resulting in a left hemothorax. Upon autopsy, it was concluded that the patient died from injuries caused by the stab wound to the back. Given the shape of the wound and the fact that the weapon itself was found at the site of the homicide, the weapon that caused the injury was believed to be a cane sword. This case will inform forensic pathologists, law-enforcement officers, emergency medical personnel, and physicians about rare weapon, the cane sword.
Physiological health parameters among college students to promote chronic disease prevention and health promotion

This study aimed to provide physiologic health risk parameters by gender and age among college students enrolled in a U.S. Midwestern University to promote chronic disease prevention and ameliorate health. A total of 2615 college students between 18 and 25 years old were recruited annually using a series of cross-sectional designs during the spring semester over an 8-year period. Physiologic parameters measured included body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat (%BF), blood serum cholesterol (BSC), and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure. These measures were compared to data from NHANES to identify differences in physiologic parameters among 18-25 year olds in the general versus college-enrolled population. A quantitative instrument assessed health behaviors related to physical activity, diet, and licit drug use. Results suggest that average physiologic parameters from 18 to 25 year olds enrolled in college were significantly different from parameters of 18-25 year olds in the general population. Generally, men reported higher percentiles for BMI, SBP, and DBP than women, but lower %BF and BSC percentiles than women at each age. SBP and DBP significantly increased with age and alcohol use. Students in the lowest (5th) and highest percentiles (95th and 75th), for most age groups, demonstrated DBP, BMI, and %BF levels potentially problematic for health and future development of chronic disease based on percentiles generated for their peer group. Newly identified physiologic parameters may be useful to practitioners serving college students 18-25 years old from similar institutions in determining whether behavior change or treatment interventions are appropriate.
Native American Landscapes in the American Southwest

Both the vibrant contemporary Indian populations (particularly within the Navajo and Pueblo Indian homelands) and the prehistoric landscapes of the Anasazi, as seen through numerous pueblo and cliff dwelling ruins, the Hohokam, and the Mogollon are discussed in this chapter. Given the diversity of Native American populations and cultural landscapes in the Southwest, this chapter focuses upon two groups: Pueblo Indians and their Anasazi ancestors; and the Navajo, with lesser attention given to the Apache and O’odham landscapes. The characteristics of their dwellings and other structures, settlement patterns, and sacred places are discussed. This chapter introduces the homeland concept, using groups that have occupied the same lands for a millennia, although their populations have been strongly influenced by acculturation from both Hispanic and Anglo groups over the past several centuries. This region displays some of the most distinct and best documented examples of ethnic landscapes in the nation—landscapes in which the ethnicity of their populations are pervasive.
Modeling Surgical Technical Skill Using Expert Assessment for Automated Computer Rating.

Objective Computer vision was used to predict expert performance ratings from surgeon hand motions for tying and suturing tasks. Summary background data Existing methods, including the objective structured assessment of technical skills (OSATS), have proven reliable, but do not readily discriminate at the task level. Computer vision may be used for evaluating distinct task performance throughout an operation. Methods Open surgeries was videoed and surgeon hands were tracked without using sensors or markers. An expert panel of 3 attending surgeons rated tying and suturing video clips on continuous scales from 0 to 10 along 3 task measures adapted from the broader OSATS: motion economy, fluidity of motion, and tissue handling. Empirical models were developed to predict the expert consensus ratings based on the hand kinematic data records. Results The predicted versus panel ratings for suturing had slopes from 0.73 to 1, and intercepts from 0.36 to 1.54 (Average R2 = 0.81). Predicted versus panel ratings for tying had slopes from 0.39 to 0.88, and intercepts from 0.79 to 4.36 (Average R2 = 0.57). The mean square error among predicted and expert ratings was consistently less than the mean squared difference among individual expert ratings and the eventual consensus ratings. Conclusions The computer algorithm consistently predicted the panel ratings of individual tasks, and were more objective and reliable than individual assessment by surgical experts.
Pore-scale modelling of Ostwald ripening

In a saturated solution with dispersed clusters of a second phase, the mechanism by which the larger clusters grow at the expense of the smaller ones is called Ostwald ripening. Although the mechanism is well understood in situations where multiple clusters of gas exist in a liquid solution, evolution is much more complicated to predict when the two phases interact with a solid matrix, since the solid plays a significant role in determining the shape of the interface. In this paper, we study capillary dominated regimes in porous media where the driving force is inter-cluster diffusion. By decomposing the Ostwald ripening mechanism into two processes that operate on different time scales – the diffusion of solute gas in the liquid and the readjustment of the shape of the gas–liquid interface to accommodate a change in mass – we develop a sequential algorithm to solve for the evolution of systems with multiple gas ganglia. In the absence of a solid matrix, thermodynamic equilibrium is reached when all of the gas phase aggregates to form one large bubble. In porous media on the other hand, we find that ripening can lead to equilibrium situations with multiple disconnected ganglia, and that evolution is highly dependent on initial conditions and the structure of the solid matrix. The fundamental difference between the two cases is in the relationship between mass and capillary pressure.