cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using seedling phenotypic traits to select local seed sources for large-scale restoration: methods and outcomes in a Great Basin case study

Establishing plants from seed is often a limitation to restoration success in semi-arid systems. For restoration purposes, managers can either use widely-available commercial seeds, which are often sourced from far outside the seeding area, or take extra steps to use locally collected seeds. If local seeds have traits more conducive to seedling establishment in degraded sites, they could increase restoration success. Here, we asked whether wild-collected seeds of two native perennial grasses, Elymus elymoides and Poa secunda, had more favorable characteristics than commercial sources. Seeds were collected from four populations within the Winnemucca District of the Nevada Bureau of Land Management, which manages lands within the Great Basin, US. Collections were screened for seed and seedling characteristics associated with increased plant performance in invaded Great Basin systems, and we provide a detailed methodology for these measurements. Relative to commercial seeds, wild-collected seeds had more characteristics identified as beneficial for seedling establishment including earlier emergence, higher specific root length, more root tips, and smaller overall size (E. elymoides), and earlier emergence, longer roots, higher root mass ratio, and more root tips (P. secunda). Commercial sources had significantly larger seeds than wild populations, a trait that had mixed effects on performance in previous research, and one that may change as wild collections are increased in agronomic conditions. These results suggest that locally-sourced populations are more likely to perform well in invaded areas, providing support for efforts to collect, screen, and increase local sources of seeds to improve restoration success.
Hypoglycemia in Older Patients

Hypoglycemia is a serious problem in older patients with diabetes mellitus. This chapter discusses risk factors associated with hypoglycemia and approaches to mitigation of the risk for hypoglycemia. Specific considerations include selection of glucose lowering agents, comorbid conditions and the implications of declining cognitive dysfunction.
Molecular chaperones and G protein-coupled receptor maturation and pharmacology.

Abstract G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are highly conserved versatile signaling molecules located at the plasma membrane that respond to diverse extracellular signals. They regulate almost all physiological processes in the vertebrates. About 35% of current drugs target these receptors. Mutations in these genes have been identified as causes of numerous diseases. The seven transmembrane domain structure of GPCRs implies that the folding of these transmembrane proteins is extremely complicated and difficult. Indeed, many wild type GPCRs are not folded optimally. The most common defect in genetic diseases caused by GPCR mutations is misfolding and failure to reach the plasma membrane where it functions. General molecular chaperones aid the folding of all proteins, including GPCRs, by preventing aggregation, promoting folding and disaggregating small aggregates. Some GPCRs need additional receptor-specific chaperones to assist their folding. Many of these receptor-specific chaperones interact with additional receptors and alter receptor pharmacology, expanding the understanding of these chaperone proteins.
Embedded fingernail in the gingival sulcus of a boy

A 10-year-old healthy boy presented with an uncomfortable sensation in his mouth. He admitted that he was biting his fingernails and felt his fingernail ‘got stuck’. Parent of the child reported that patient having an occasional history of nail biting with no history of any medical or mental
Mitigating Curtailment and Carbon Emissions through Load Migration between Data Centers

Summary As the share of variable renewable energy (VRE) grows in the electric grid, so does the risk of curtailment. While energy storage and hydrogen production have been proposed as solutions to the curtailment problem, they often pose technological and economic challenges. Here, we analyze the potential of data center load migration for mitigating curtailment and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Using historical hourly electricity generation, curtailment, and typical data center server utilization data, we simulate the effect of migrating data center workloads from the fossil-fuel-heavy PJM to the renewable-heavy CAISO. The results show that load migration within the existing data center capacity during the curtailment hours in CAISO has the potential to reduce 113–239 KtCO2e per year of GHG emissions and absorb up to 62% of the total curtailment with negative abatement costs in 2019. Our study demonstrates the overlooked role that data centers can play for VRE integration and GHG emissions mitigation.
Utilization and Results of Repeat SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Testing in a Presumptive Low Prevalence Population.

Introduction Early reports have raised concerns regarding the clinical sensitivity of nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for patients with COVID-19 symptoms, which has led to requests for repeat testing at our institution. However, to our knowledge, there are no reports to date of the utilization or results of repeat testing to help guide this practice. Methods The authors searched the institutional laboratory information system for consecutive patients who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR of a nasopharyngeal specimen over a 1-month period. Characteristics and results of patients who received a single or multiple tests were documented and analyzed. Results Six thousand three (6003) tests were performed on 5757 patients; 272 (4.7%) patients were positive based on their initial test results. Two hundred thirty-six (4%) patients were tested more than once, with 226 (96%) tested twice. The largest proportion of these patients (n=160, 71%) were those who had an initial negative test followed by a repeat test for persistent symptoms. This group included all 7 patients who had discordant positive results on their second test; the result concordance rate within this group was 96%. Conclusion In a population of patients with a low positive rate for SARS-CoV-2 by nasopharyngeal RT-PCR testing, repeat nasopharyngeal testing of negative patients who have persistent symptoms still yields a negative result in 96% of the cases.
The Informational Role of Imagery in Financial Decision Making: A New Approach

What is the incremental information in imagery? This paper introduces the concept of visual attention and proposes a new methodology to identify the effect of information content provided in images, above and beyond that of contemporaneous textual information. Our objective (non-behavioral) approach introduces two sets of criteria for analyzing the effects of images - visual clarity and information content/reinforcement, which together inform individual investors in fi nancial decision making. This flexible methodology can be seamlessly integrated with various modern information processing techniques, from simple keyword matching to advanced semantic analysis or topic modeling. Applying our methodology to a hand collected data set of equity crowdfunding campaigns, we show that the existence of perceptible images is signi ficantly associated with greater investment, and that visual clarity measures are found to incrementally affect investor decision making after controlling for textual sentiment and fi nancial information. Speci fically, more vibrant (intense) images with more focal points are associated with higher funding. Importantly, we find that the information reinforcing dichotomy we propose is a key determinant of (limited) visual attention: informationally additive images are those for which visual clarity measures are signi ficant, and those which seem to be associated with greater investor attention and investment. Finally, the methodology we develop in this paper provides the groundwork for a new framework within which to discuss (limited) attention, information, news, and investor reactions in today's digital and visual age.
A rapid, parasite-dependent cellular response to Dirofilaria immitis in the Mongolian jird (Meriones unguiculatus).

The Mongolian jird (Meriones unguiculatus) has long been recognized as a permissive host for the filarial parasite Brugia malayi; however, it is nonpermissive to another filarial parasite, canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis). By elucidating differences in the early response to infection, we sought to identify mechanisms involved in the species-specific clearance of these parasites. We hypothesized that the early clearance of D. immitis in intraperitoneal infection of the jird is immune mediated and parasite species dependent. Jird peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) were isolated and their attachment to parasite larvae assessed in vitro under various conditions: D. immitis and B. malayi cultured separately, co-culture of both parasites, incubation before addition of cells, culture of heat-killed parasites, and culture with PECs isolated from jirds with mature B. malayi infection. The cells attaching to larvae were identified by immunohistochemistry. In vitro cell attachment to live D. immitis was high (mean = 99.6%) while much lower for B. malayi (mean = 5.56%). This species-specific attachment was also observed when both filarial species were co-cultured, with no significant change from controls (U(9, 14) = 58.5, p = 0.999). When we replicated these experiments with PECs derived from jirds subcutaneously infected with B. malayi, the results were similar (99.4% and 4.72% of D. immitis and B. malayi, respectively, exhibited cell attachment). Heat-killing the parasites significantly reduced cell attachment to D. immitis (mean = 71.9%; U(11, 14) = 7.5, p < 0.001) while increasing attachment to B. malayi (mean = 16.7%; U(9, 15) = 20, p = 0.002). Cell attachment to both species was reduced when larvae were allowed a 24-h pre-incubation period prior to the addition of cells. The attaching cells were identified as macrophages by immunohistochemistry. These results suggest a strongly species-dependent response from which B. malayi could not confer protection by proxy in co-culture. The changes in cell attachment following heat-killing and pre-incubation suggest a role for excretory/secretory products in host immune evasion and/or antigenicity. The nature of this attachment is the subject of ongoing study and may provide insight into filarial host specificity.
Insecurity: Perils and Products of Theatres of the Real By Jenn Stephenson. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2019; pp. viii + 286, 10 images. 75 e-book.

Stephenson argues that although the theatre of the real promises authentic encounters, these are not possible;instead performances "meditate on that impossibility and the conditions under which a singular secure real fails to manifest" (17) The book comprises eight chapters, the first ("Introduction") and last ("Coda: Theatres of the Real in the Age of Post-Reality") of which situate the project geographically, theoretically, and historically Jenn Stephenson's provocative, theoretically rigorous contribution to the field, I Insecurity: Perils and Products of Theatres of the Real, i poses this question and many more [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Theatre Survey is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )
Cardiac‐Specific Deletion of Orai3 Leads to Severe Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure in Mice

Background Orai3 is a mammalian-specific member of the Orai family (Orai1‒3) and a component of the store-operated Ca2+ entry channels. There is little understanding of the role of Orai channels in cardiomyocytes, and its role in cardiac function remains unexplored. Thus, we developed mice lacking Orai1 and Orai3 to address their role in cardiac homeostasis. Methods and Results We generated constitutive and inducible cardiomyocyte-specific Orai3 knockout (Orai3cKO) mice. Constitutive Orai3-loss led to ventricular dysfunction progressing to dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Orai3cKO mice subjected to pressure overload developed a fulminant dilated cardiomyopathy with rapid heart failure onset, characterized by interstitial fibrosis and apoptosis. Ultrastructural analysis of Orai3-deficient cardiomyocytes showed abnormal M- and Z-line morphology. The greater density of condensed mitochondria in Orai3-deficient cardiomyocytes was associated with the upregulation of DRP1 (dynamin-related protein 1). Cardiomyocytes isolated from Orai3cKO mice exhibited profoundly altered myocardial Ca2+ cycling and changes in the expression of critical proteins involved in the Ca2+ clearance mechanisms. Upregulation of TRPC6 (transient receptor potential canonical type 6) channels was associated with upregulation of the RCAN1 (regulator of calcineurin 1), indicating the activation of the calcineurin signaling pathway in Orai3cKO mice. A more dramatic cardiac phenotype emerged when Orai3 was removed in adult mice using a tamoxifen-inducible Orai3cKO mouse. The removal of Orai1 from adult cardiomyocytes did not change the phenotype of tamoxifen-inducible Orai3cKO mice. Conclusions Our results identify a critical role for Orai3 in the heart. We provide evidence that Orai3-mediated Ca2+ signaling is required for maintaining sarcomere integrity and proper mitochondrial function in adult mammalian cardiomyocytes.
“Their New Jerusalem”: Representations of Jewish Immigrants in the American Popular Press, 1880–1903

Millions of immigrants arrived in the United States during the Gilded Age, drastically altering the ethnic character of the American citizenry. This dramatic social change was met with mixed reactions from the native-born population that were vividly communicated in the popular press. Cartoonists for newspapers and magazines across the country developed a language of caricature to identify and distinguish among ethnic groups and mocked new arrivals in imagery that ranged from mild to malicious. One might assume that the masses of Eastern European Jews flooding into the country (poor, Yiddish-speaking, shtetl-bred) would have been singled out for anti-Semitic attack, just as they were in Europe at the time. However, Jews were not the primary victims of visual insults in America, nor were the Jewish caricatures wholly negative. Further, the broader scope of popular imagery, which, in addition to cartoons, includes a plethora of illustrations as well as photographs, presents a generally positive attitude toward Jewish immigrants. This attitude aligned with political rhetoric, literature, newspaper editorials, and financial opportunity. This article will propose a better alignment of the visual evidence with the scholarly understanding of the essentially providential experience of Jews in America during this period.
Spring 2020 COVID-19 Surge: Prospective Relations between Demographic Factors, Personality Traits, Social Cognitions and Guideline Adherence, Mask Wearing, and Symptoms in a U.S. Sample.

BACKGROUND: To date, much of the research on individual difference correlates of coronavirus guideline adherence is cross-sectional, leaving prospective associations between these factors unaddressed. Additionally, investigations of prospective predictors of mask-wearing, COVID-19 symptoms, and viral testing remain wanting. PURPOSE: The present study examined prospective relations between demographic factors, personality traits, social cognitions and guideline adherence, mask-wearing, symptoms, and viral testing in a U.S. sample (N = 500) during the initial surge of COVID-19 deaths in the United State between late March and early May 2020. METHODS: Guided by a disposition-belief-motivation framework, correlational analyses, and path models tested associations among baseline personality traits, guideline adherence social cognitions, health beliefs, guideline adherence and follow-up guideline adherence, mask-wearing, symptom counts, and 30-day viral testing. RESULTS: Modeling results showed greater baseline agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion were associated with more frequent baseline guideline adherence. More liberal political beliefs, greater guideline adherence intentions, and more frequent guideline adherence at baseline predicted more frequent mask-wearing at follow-up. Sex (female), lower perceived health, and greater neuroticism at baseline predicted greater symptom counts at follow-up. Reports of viral testing were quite low (1.80%), yet were consistent with concurrent national reporting and limited availability of testing. CONCLUSIONS: Results show how inconsistencies and politicization of health policy communication were concomitant with the effects of individual-level political beliefs on mask-wearing during the initial surge. The results further clarify how personality traits related to social responsibility (i.e., agreeableness, conscientiousness) are associated with following new norms for prescribed behaviors and how symptom reporting can be as much a marker of perceived health as emotional stability.
NDS: N-Dimensional Storage

Demands for efficient computing among applications that use high-dimensional datasets have led to multi-dimensional computers—computers that leverage heterogeneous processors/accelerators offering various processing models to support multi-dimensional compute kernels. Yet the front-end for these processors/accelerators is inefficient, as memory/storage systems often expose only entrenched linear-space abstractions to an application, and they often ignore the benefits of modern memory/storage systems, such as support for multi-dimensionality through different types of parallel access. This paper presents N-Dimensional Storage (NDS), a novel, multi-dimensional memory/storage system that fulfills the demands of modern hardware accelerators and applications. NDS abstracts memory arrays as native storage that applications can use to describe data locations and uses coordinates in any application-defined multi-dimensional space, thereby avoiding the software overhead associated with data-object transformations. NDS gauges the application demand underlying memory-device architectures in order to intelligently determine the physical data layout that maximizes access bandwidth and minimizes the overhead of presenting objects for arbitrary applications. This paper demonstrates an efficient architecture in supporting NDS. We evaluate a set of linear/tensor algebra workloads along with graph and data-mining algorithms on custom-built systems using each architecture. Our result shows a 5.73 × speedup with appropriate architectural support.
Conserving Dispossession? A Genealogical Account of the Colonial Roots of Western Conservation

Western dominant global conservation is generally conceived of and understood as an unqualified ‘good’. The dark side of this so-called unqualified ‘good’ is told explicitly by listening to the tes...
Non-invasive methods for imaging hepatic steatosis and their clinical importance in NAFLD

Hepatic steatosis is a key histological feature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The non-invasive quantification of liver fat is now possible due to advances in imaging modalities. Emerging data suggest that high levels of liver fat and its temporal change, as measured by quantitative non-invasive methods, might be associated with NAFLD progression. Ultrasound-based modalities have moderate diagnostic accuracy for liver fat content and are suitable for screening. However, of the non-invasive imaging modalities, MRI-derived proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) has the highest diagnostic accuracy and is used for trial enrolment and to evaluate therapeutic effects in early-phase clinical trials in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In patients with NAFLD without advanced fibrosis, high levels of liver fat are associated with rapid disease progression. Furthermore, changes on MRI-PDFF (≥30% decline relative to baseline) are associated with NAFLD activity score improvement and fibrosis regression. However, an inverse association exists between liver fat and complications of cirrhosis. Liver fat decreases as liver fibrosis progresses towards cirrhosis, and the clinical importance of quantitative measurements of liver fat differs by NAFLD status. As such, patients with NAFLD should be stratified by fibrosis severity to investigate the utility of quantitative measurements of liver fat for assessing NAFLD progression and prognosis.
Memory profiling and management

The performance gap between the CPU and memory has been widened after decades of advance in technologies. Memory operations have become more and more expensive compared to the logical and arithmetical operations. This dissertation addresses two compiler techniques related to memory optimizations: memory disambiguation profiling and local memory management. The static memory disambiguation analyses in a compiler, such as alias analysis and dependence analysis, are often limited by the lack of runtime information and conservative nature of compiler analysis. Thus, many optimization opportunities may be lost due to the imprecise or overly conservative analysis result. The dissertation proposed a new approach, which aimed to produce the memory disambiguation information from profiling. Two profiling methods, alias profiling and dependence profiling, are proposed. Special hash method is designed to make the profiling efficient. Software-based sampling method is used to further reduce the overhead. Studies on the impact of granularity of memory checking, path sensitivity and context sensitivity are conducted with this profiling tool. The overhead can be reduced to only 30% of the total execution time in this expensive pure software profiling. A speculative partial redundancy elimination optimization based on the profiling result and the special hardware, ALAT, in Itanium processor, is also presented. This optimization can cause up to a 10% improvement to Spec2000 benchmarks, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the profiling methods. In some of the multi-core systems, some local memory is attached to the core for fast access, but without cache coherence support. This dissertation proposes several methods to manage the local memory automatically by compiler with runtime library. There are two common methods, software controlled cache and direct buffering, commonly used to manage the local memory. In this dissertation, an analytic model for a compiler to decide the number and size of the buffer that should be used to optimally overlap the data transfer and computation is presented. How to integrate the two methods is also discussed in the dissertation. Novel data flow analysis and runtime checking schemes are designed for the integration. A data prefetching method for software cache is also presented. All these new methods are implemented in IBM's compiler for Cell and have proven to be effective and efficient in local memory management.
Matching network design using genetic algorithms for impedance constrained thinned arrays

This paper investigates a technique for optimizing matching networks for thinned aperiodic dipole arrays to achieve a 2:1 or better VSWR for each antenna element over the entire scan range of the array. The thinned array is optimized via a genetic algorithm to have a suppressed grating lobe over the scan range of the array. In addition, the genetic algorithm places restrictions on the driving point impedance of each element so that they are well behaved during scanning. The impedance constraint allows a three element reactive matching network to be optimized for each element of the array using a separate genetic algorithm.
Single-Molecule Studies of Biomolecules

Imaging biological processes at the single-molecule scale enables the direct observation of the temporal and spatial dynamics of cellular processes. This relatively new branch of biophysical investigation, which was founded on a platform of physics and chemistry research, is pushing forward the frontiers of medical science by providing unprecedented new illuminations into the molecular basis of life. Although it is far from comprehensive, this article provides the advanced reader with a review of single-molecule methods, as well as a discussion of the aims, considerations, achievements, and future directions of this field in the context of ongoing investigations of structure–function relationships inherent to biomolecules.
Full-Text Search with XQuery: A Status Report

XML [45] has become one of the most important data representation formats. One of the major reasons for this success is that XML is well-suited not only for representing marked-up documents – as its heritage based on SGML indicates – but also highly-structured hierarchical data such as object hierarchies or relational data and semistructured data (see Fig. 3.1). Even data that traditionally has been represented in binary format such as graphics is now being represented using XML (e.g., SVG).
Approximating quadratic programming with bound and quadratic constraints

We consider the problem of approximating the global maximum of a quadratic program (QP) subject to bound and (simple) quadratic constraints. Based on several early results, we show that a 4/7-approximate solution can be obtained in polynomial time.
Agents as Mediators in Electronic Commerce

Software agents are programs to which one can delegate (aspects of) a task. They differ from “traditional” software in that they are personalized, continuously running and semi-autonomous. These qualities make agents useful for a wide variety of information and process management tasks [406]. It should come as no surprise that these same qualities are particularly useful for the information-rich and process-rich environment of electronic commerce.
Chapter 68 Malformations due to abnormal cortical development: expression and mechanisms of epileptogenicity

Publisher Summary The common causes of medically intractable focal epilepsy are focal malformations because of abnormal cortical development (MCDs).These lesions exhibit distinct histological, electroencephalographic (EEG), clinical, and imaging characteristics. This chapter discusses the correlations between the in situ epileptogenicity, as defined, using direct subdural electrode electrocorticographic (ECoG) and the histopathological characteristics in tissue resected from patients, with medically intractable epilepsy, because of MCDs. The in situ ECoG data recorded from focal CDs is directly correlated with the glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor characteristics in resected tissue. The study mentioned in the chapter correlates histopathological and immunocytochemical (ICC) changes with in situ ictal ECoG characteristics in patients with focal MCDs who underwent surgical resection. Dysplastic lesions, containing BCs, do not show ictal onset patterns on surface cortical recordings. Balloon cells (BCs), containing MCDs, did not exhibit in situ ictal epileptic activity upon prolonged ECoG recordings, despite their proximity to the epileptic cortical regions. As these cells show immunocytochemical (ICC) characteristics of neuronal or glial properties, these may be protective against the spread of epileptogenicity. Preliminary evidence has been acquired on increased glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate transporters (GLT-l) immunoreactivity in BCs. A mechanism that may explain the absence of epileptogenicity in dysplastic cortex, containing BCs, is the possibility of severe focal disruption of the neuronal circuits, resulting in the lack of neuronal–neuronal communication. Similar ECoG patterns are noted in patients with low-grade glial tumors, whereas dysplastic and epileptic cortical areas are found in the immediate surroundings of these lesions. The patients with BCs have earlier onset of epilepsy. BCs are present in approximately one-third of patients with focal MCDs who undergo surgical resection for medically intractable focal epilepsy. A differential increased expression of NR2A/B receptor subunit in dysplastic lesions may play a role in the expression of in situ epileptogenicity in focal MCDs.
Dental Informatics: Strategic Issues for the Dental Profession

1 Dental Informatics: What, Why, Who, Where, and When.- 2 Contributed Papers.- Keynote Address: Informatics in Dentistry.- The History of Medical Informatics: Implications for Dental Informatics.- Nursing Informatics: How It Evolved and Its Current Status.- Dental Informatics: An Overview.- The Problem-Knowledge Coupler: Applications in Health Care Delivery.- 3 Workshop Discussions and Recommendations.- Informatics Applications in Dental Practice.- Informatics and Dental Education.- Research in Informatics/Informatics in Research.- 4 Conference Outcomes and General Recommendations.- Appendixes.- A. Conference Participants.- B. Workshop Groups.- C. Key Words.
PVMirror: A New Concept for Tandem Solar Cells and Hybrid Solar Converters

As the solar electricity market has matured, energy conversion efficiency and storage have joined installed system cost as significant market drivers. In response, manufacturers of flat-plate silicon photovoltaic (PV) cells have pushed cell efficiencies above 25%—nearing the 29.4% detailed-balance efficiency limit—and both solar thermal and battery storage technologies have been deployed at utility scale. This paper introduces a new tandem solar collector employing a “PVMirror” that has the potential to both increase energy conversion efficiency and provide thermal storage. A PVMirror is a concentrating mirror, spectrum splitter, and light-to-electricity converter all in one: It consists of a curved arrangement of PV cells that absorb part of the solar spectrum and reflect the remainder to their shared focus, at which a second solar converter is placed. A strength of the design is that the solar converter at the focus can be of a radically different technology than the PV cells in the PVMirror; another is that the PVMirror converts a portion of the diffuse light to electricity in addition to the direct light. We consider two case studies—a PV cell located at the focus of the PVMirror to form a four-terminal PV–PV tandem, and a thermal receiver located at the focus to form a PV–CSP (concentrating solar thermal power) tandem—and compare the outdoor energy outputs to those of competing technologies. PVMirrors can outperform (idealized) monolithic PV–PV tandems that are under concentration, and they can also generate nearly as much energy as silicon flat-plate PV while simultaneously providing the full energy storage benefit of CSP.
Iatrogenic effects of psychosocial interventions for substance use disorders: prevalence, predictors, prevention

Aims To examine the prevalence and personal and intervention-related predictors of potential iatrogenic effects associated with psychosocial interventions for substance use disorders and provide a conceptual framework to guide further research on such effects. Method A review of relevant studies focuses on the prevalence and predictors of potential iatrogenic effects of psychosocial treatment and prevention programs for substance use disorders. Results Between 7% and 15% of patients who participate in psychosocial treatment for substance use disorders may be worse off subsequent to treatment than before. In addition, several controlled trials of substance use prevention have shown some apparent iatrogenic effects, including more positive expectations about substance use and a rise in alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. Probable person-related predictors of deterioration associated with treatment include younger age and unmarried status, more serious current diagnoses and substance use problems and more psychiatric and interpersonal problems. Probable intervention-related predictors of deterioration include lack of bonding; lack of monitoring; confrontation, criticism and high emotional arousal; deviancy modeling; and stigma, low or inappropriate expectations and lack of challenge. Conclusion A significant minority of individuals with substance use problems appear to deteriorate during or shortly after participation in treatment or prevention programs. Safety standards and monitoring procedures are needed to routinely identify potential adverse consequences of intervention programs; research is needed to clarify whether deterioration is due to iatrogenic effects of interventions and to identify new approaches to counteract any such effects.
Demographic, clinical, and functional factors associated with antidepressant use in the home healthcare elderly.

Objectives Determine rates and demographic, clinical, and functional correlates of antidepressants (ADs) in home healthcare patients. Methods Year 2007 cross-sectional National Home Health and Hospice Care Survey (N = 3,226) of patients 65 years or older (mean 80.11, confidence interval [CI] = 79.65–80.57). Results Overall 33.50% used ADs. Among the 6.76% with depression, 70.84% used ADs compared with 29.15% who used ADs without a documented depression diagnosis. In a regression, controlling for depression, blacks used less ADs than whites (odds ratio [OR] = 0.41, CI=0.24–0.70). Younger age (OR = 0.96, CI=0.94–0.98), activities of daily living impairments (OR = 1.15, CI=1.05–1.26), benzodiazepines (OR = 2.63, CI=1.88–3.69), antipsychotics (OR = 2.08, CI=1.29–3.36), and nonpsychotropics (OR = 1.07, CI=1.04–1.10) were related to AD use. Conclusion Among home healthcare patients, more than one-third took ADs including patients without depression. Blacks used fewer ADs than whites. Increased use was associated with younger age, disability, and nonpsychotropics.
Testing avian, squamate, and mammalian nuclear markers for cross amplification in turtles

We used PCR amplifications to assess 120 previously described nuclear markers for phylogeographic and phylogenetic analysis in turtles. Twenty-seven of 120 markers amplified a single PCR product for both the western pond turtle (Emys marmorata) and the West African mud turtle (Pelusios castaneus), 71 amplified a single product in either E. marmorata or P. castaneus, and a subset of eight markers amplified single products across a test panel of 11 additional turtle species representing a broad sample of turtle diversity. Our ongoing research shows that nuclear markers developed for birds, squamates, and other vertebrate taxa can be useful for analyses of turtles, suggesting that many primers are transferable across large phylogenetic distances.
The On-Going Significance of Significant Dreams: The Case of the Bodiless Head

In the growing literature on significant dreams, relatively little attention has been given to the enduring, even life-long, influence some dreams have on dreamers' lives. This article describes an ongoing research project on significant dreams by way of an illustrative case of a young woman whose 20-year-old dream still resonates in her psychic life. We suggest that such dreams might be better understood in terms of the aesthetics of & #x201C;image” rather than the interpretation of dreams as & #x201C;text.”
Disparate effects of intracisternal RX 77368 and ODT8-SS on gastric acid and serotonin release: role of adrenal catecholamines.

Abstract Intracisternal injection of the thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) analogue RX 77368 (100 ng) or the somatostatin analogue ODT8-SS (1 μg) produced an 82% and 101% increase in gastric acid secretion in 2 h pylorus-ligated rats. In contrast, dissimilar effects were produced by intracisternal injection of these peptides on the secretion of serotonin into the gastric lumen. Intracisternal RX 77368 (100 ng) produced a 496% increase in intraluminal serotonin release, while in contrast, intracisternal ODT8-SS (1 μg) produced a 78% inhibition in intraluminal serotonin release. Bilateral adrenalectomy reversed the stimulatory effect of intracisternal RX 77368 (100 ng) on serotonin, but not acid release. The data reveal a difference in the ability of the two peptides, which act as gastric secretagogues, to produce intraluminal acid and serotonin release, and suggest that combined activation of the vagus and the adrenal gland are important in mediating basal and RX 77368-stimulated serotonin release into the gastric lumen. In particular, differential effects on adrenal catecholamine release are implicated in the divergent effects of the two peptides.
Spatial variation decomposition via sparse regression

In this paper, we briefly discuss the recent development of a novel sparse regression technique that aims to accurately decompose process variation into two different components: (1) spatially correlated variation, and (2) uncorrelated random variation. Such variation decomposition is important to identify systematic variation patterns at wafer and/or chip level for process modeling, control and diagnosis. We demonstrate that the spatially correlated variation can be accurately represented by the linear combination of a small number of “templates”. Based upon this observation, an efficient algorithm is developed to accurately separate spatially correlated variation from uncorrelated random variation. Several examples based on silicon measurement data demonstrate that the aforementioned sparse regression technique can capture systematic variation patterns with high accuracy.
Behavior modification obtained by sun protection education coupled with removal of a skin cancer

• The 1042 people in this study who had a nonmelanoma skin cancer surgically removed received repetitive and interactive oral and written education in forms of sun protection. One year after these educational efforts, the subjects responded to a questionnaire that measured their compliance. Sixty-two percent complied with starting to use sunscreens and 56% changed their habits of outdoor activities. The portion of behavioral change attributable to surgery alone vs surgery plus education was unable to be determined. Despite intensive educational efforts, the noncompliance was 38%. This study identifies a health risk-taking pattern of behavior among those who were noncompliant. Those over age 65 years tended to be less compliant. When the data were analyzed by the transtheoretical model of behavior change, those already acting on some form of sunscreen use prior to this study achieved 100% compliance with increasing to a sunscreen with a sun protection factor of 15 or greater. It is hoped that with more educational efforts those in the precontemplative and contemplative phases of behavior can be recruited to take action, and those who acted by acquiring one sun protective behavior will add other behaviors. ( Arch Dermatol . 1990;126:477-481)
Mechanism of cellular rejection in transplantation

The explosion of new discoveries in the field of immunology has provided new insights into mechanisms that promote an immune response directed against a transplanted organ. Central to the allograft response are T lymphocytes. This review summarizes the current literature on allorecognition, costimulation, memory T cells, T cell migration, and their role in both acute and chronic graft destruction. An in depth understanding of the cellular mechanisms that result in both acute and chronic allograft rejection will provide new strategies and targeted therapeutics capable of inducing long-lasting, allograft-specific tolerance.
Evaluation of stability and sensitivity of cell fluorescent labels when used for cell migration.

The directed migration of mammalian cells is a foundation of development and growth. A variety of processes such as tissue development, wound healing, pathogen recognition/destruction as well as cancer metastasis are the result of regulated or dysregulated cell migration. While the ability to measure a cell’s propensity to migrate has clinical relevance in several settings, no universal protocol has been established to measure cell migration. A variety of techniques are currently used to measure migration including manual counting, flow cytometry or Coulter counting, microfluidic devices, computerized spectroscopic methods, or the use of various tracking dyes interfaced with fluorescent or non-fluorescent plate readers. In order to expedite the measurement of migration, we compared several common cytoplasmic and lipophilic cell tracking dyes to determine the best dye for determining migration of rare population of cells. CellVue® Burgundy was found to be superior over calcein AM, Cell Tracker Green CMFDA (chloromethyl fluorescein diacetate), Vybrant CFDA (carboxy fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester) in its retention within cells, superior to CellVue® NIR 815, PKH67, and CM DiI with regard to signal to noise ratio, and superior to PKH26 with regard to instrument versatility.
Staphylococcus aureus CHALLENGE STUDY IN AN INTERMEDIATE MOISTURE FOOD

The effectiveness of several microbial inhibitors in preventing the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in an intermediate moisture food was tested. S. aureus was inoculated into the food at aw's of 0.86–0.90 and pH 5.2 and 5.6. Not all inhibitors prevented growth. The effectiveness against S. uureus was a function of both pH and aw. Of the compounds tested, methyl paraben, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, and calcium propionate proved to be the most effective against S. aureus at low concentrations.
A note on Ramanujan’s identities involving the hypergeometric function ${_{2}}F_{1}(\frac{1}{6},\frac{5}{6};1;z)$

We study a class of elliptic functions associated with the hypergeometric function \({_{2}}F_{1}(\frac{1}{6},\frac{5}{6};1;z)\). From the perspective of the properties of conformal mappings and differential equations, we provide new insight into a set of identities of Ramanujan associated with the above hypergeometric function.
A Variational Formulation of Standard General Relativity which Includes the Full Bianchi Identities in Consequence of an Extended General Invariance Property

The central properties of the usual variational formulations of EINSTEIN's general theory of relativity are sketched and a more general variational formulation is introduced, which is more appropriate to the geometric foundations of the theory. In particular, this formulation leads to the BIANCHI identities in their non-contracted form following in consequence of a general invariance property. This invariance property of the general variational principle relates to transformations (not, in general, coordinate transformations) that contain arbitrary fifth (or third) order tensor “generators”. These results can be interpreted as implying that the variational principle introduced here admits an “extended principle of general covariance” (i.e., a covariance principle more general than the usual principle relating to general coordinate covariance). Some of the formal implications of these results as well as their connection with general coordinate covariance are discussed briefly. In particular these results point to the existence of a fundamental transformation theory connecting all of the RIEMANNian spacetimes of general relativity.
A general latent assignment approach for modeling psychological contaminants

Abstract Data from psychological experiments are rife with ‘contaminants’, which can generally be defined as data generated by psychological processes different from those intended as the object of study. Contaminant data can interfere with the testing of substantive psychological models and their parameters, so it is important to have methods for their identification and removal. After noting that current practices in cognitive modeling for dealing with contaminants are not completely satisfactory, we argue for a general latent mixture approach to the problem. We demonstrate the tractability and effectiveness of the approach concretely, through a series of four applications. These applications involve a simple choice problem, a diffusion model of a response time and accuracy in decision-making, a hierarchical signal detection model of recognition memory, and a reinforcement learning model of decision-making on bandit problems. We conclude that developing models of contaminant processes requires the same sort of creative effort that is needed to model substantive psychological processes, but that it is a necessary endeavour that can be coherently and usefully pursued within the latent mixture modeling approach.
Sensitive method for measuring apoptosis and cell surface phenotype in human thymocytes by flow cytometry

A rapid, gentle, and sensitive method for quantification of cells undergoing apoptosis is presented. The method allows the simultaneous determination of dual-color cell surface immunofluorescence. Cells are stained for 7 min with the vital dye Hoechst 33342 (HO342) for identification of live and apoptotic cells. 7-amino-actinomycin D (7-AAD) is added to distinguish cells that have lost membrane integrity from apoptotic and live cells. Due to its spectral properties 7-AAD can be utilized on cells that are dual-surface labelled with fluoresceinisothiocyanate (FITC) and phycoerythrin (PE). The value of the method is demonstrated on human thymocytes, which constitutively undergo programmed cell death and which show an increase in the rate of apoptosis after exposure to the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX). Vital staining with HO342 permits earlier detection of apoptotic changes compared to a staining technique in which cells are treated with a hypotonic citrate solution containing propidium iodide (PI) and the apoptotic cells are represented in a hypodiploid, “sub-G1” peak. The HO342/7AAD method may be particularly applicable to studies of programmed cell death in cells in which DNA fragmentation is difficult to detect by decreased DNA stainability. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Slow crystallographic fatigue crack growth in a nickel-base alloy

Fatigue crack propagation rates at very low cyclic stress intensity levels (1 to 3 MNm-372) have been measured in cube-oriented, planar slip nickel-base superalloy monocrystals using a high frequency (20 kHz) resonant fatigue testing technique. It is found that crack propagation is entirely along the crystallographic slip planes and the crack growth rate does not drop off into a threshold behavior but follows a power law with a power law exponent close to 4, which is similar to the functional dependency observed at higher cyclic stress intensity levels in similar superalloys. The observed behaviors are discussed with respect to a new theory on threshold and the effects of strong crystallographic constraints on crack propagation behavior.
Advertised Sustainability Practices Among Suppliers to a University Hospital Operating Room

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to identify firms supplying products to our university operating room (OR) that promote sustainable manufacturing methods. Results show that 72% of our suppliers, or 152 of 211 companies, do not promote sustainability practices in a salient manner. Multi-national firms document sustainability methods significantly more than U.S. divisions of multi-nationals or U.S. firms with chi-square = 157.93 (p < 0.001). Although the current study did not evaluate real manufacturing methods, sustainability promotion is an important marketing tool through which purchasers may begin the process of due diligence for product selection. Lack of sustainability information among suppliers in this study suggests that hospital procurement departments likely focus solely on issues like price or quality when making purchase decisions. These results also suggest an opportunity for healthcare administrators to evaluate more fully the products involved in the healthcare supply chain; the intrinsic, ...