cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adenosine 5′-0(3-thiotriphosphate) in the control of phosphorytase activity†

Abstract Rabbit muscle phosphorylase b (EC 2.4.1.1) is converted to a thio-analog of phosphorylase a by phosphorylase kinase, Mg2+ and adenosine 5′-O(3-thiotriphosphate)(ATPγS). Conversion proceeds at one-fifth the rate obtained with ATP though the extent of reaction and final level of activation of the enzyme are the same. However, the thiophosphorylase a produced is resistant to phosphorylase phosphatase and, therefore, behaves as a competitive inhibitor with a KI of 3 μM, similar to the KM obtained with normal phosphorylase a . ATPγS can also be utilized by protein kinase in the activation of phosphorylase kinase at a rate similar to that obtained with ATP. It is hydrolyzed at 5 to 10 times the normal rate by the sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase. When added to a muscle glycogen-particulate complex in the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+, ATPγS triggers an activation of phosphorylase with simultaneous inhibition of phosphorylase phosphatase as previously observed with ATP.
Local Time-Stepping Algorithm for Solving Probability Density Function Turbulence Model Equations

A local time-stepping algorithm has been developed to improve the numerical efe ciency of Lagrangian particlebased Monte Carlo methods for obtaining the steady-state solutions of the modeled probability density function equations of turbulent reacting e ows. On each step in the pseudo-time-marching algorithm, the properties of each particle are advanced by a time step, the magnitude of which depends on the particle’ s spatial location. This algorithm has been incorporated into the consistent hybrid e nite volume/particle method. The performance of the localtime-steppingmethodisevaluated intermsofnumericalefe ciencyandaccuracy throughapplication toa nonreacting bluff-body e ow. Forthistest case,itisfound that localtime stepping can acceleratetheglobal convergence of the hybrid method by as much as an order of magnitude, depending on the grid stretching. Additionally, local time stepping is found to improve signie cantly the robustness of the hybrid method mainly due to the accelerated convection of error waves out of thecomputational domain. The method is very simpleto implement, and the small increase in CPU time per step (typically 3%) is a negligible penalty compared to the substantial reduction in the number of time steps required to reach convergence.
State-related changes in upper airway caliber and surrounding soft-tissue structures in normal subjects

State-dependent changes in upper airway caliber were studied with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. We hypothesized that changes in airway caliber during sleep in normal subjects would result from positional and dimensional changes in upper airway soft-tissue structures, including the lateral pharyngeal walls, tongue, and soft palate. We used MRI to study 15 normal subjects during wakefulness and sleep. Sleep was facilitated by one night of sleep deprivation prior to MRI. During sleep, the volume of the retropalatal (RP) airway was reduced by 19% (p = 0.03). The volume of the retroglossal (RG) airway was not significantly reduced during sleep, suggesting that the RP region may be more likely to collapse. The mean minimal cross-sectional airway area was reduced by 228% (p = 0.004) in the RP and by 22% (p = 0.02) in the RG region during sleep as compared with values in anatomically matched axial images during wakefulness. Airway anteroposterior (AP) and lateral dimensions were also significantly reduced in the RP region. Airway narrowing in the RP region was associated with a 7% increase in thickness of the lateral pharyngeal walls (p = 0.04). In nine subjects, sagittal data showed significant posterior displacement of the soft palate during sleep as compared with wakefulness. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that reduction in the RP airway area during sleep resulted from posterior movement of the soft palate, thickening of the lateral pharyngeal walls, and an increase in tongue oblique distance. We conclude that the lateral pharyngeal walls play an important role in upper airway narrowing during sleep in normal subjects.
The Simulation Of Coadaptive Decision-making

Decision-making in distributed computing systems is complicated by the introduction of communication delays. This results in uncertainty about both the global system state and the current actions of the system. One of the methods of addressin this difficulty making. By constructing the decision-making process as a set of autonomous agents that can individually learn from feedback, the set of agents adapt together, or coadapt, to form a good, though not necessarily op timal, global decision process. In this paper, a model of coadaptive decisionmaking in a small distributed computing system is described and justified. Some of the simulation results from this ongoing investigation are presented with ap propriate conclusions.
Discovering the TCR β-Chain by Subtraction

One could well say that T cell immunology emerged from its “dark ages” of cellular phenomenology in the mid- to late-1970s with the recognition of MHC restriction, which clearly indicated that T cells recognize a fundamentally different form of Ag from B cells and in a different context. However
Some current dimensions of applied behavior analysis

NOTICE: Optical character-recognition software was used in preparing this document. Please consult the original article before making reference to the material herein.
The Use of Low-Load Prolonged Stretch Devices in Rehabilitation Programs in the Pacific Northwest

Objective This retrospective study examined the use of low-load prolonged stretch (LLPS) orthoses for contracture management. Method The records of 17 patients from skilled nursing facilities, hand clinics, and hospitals were reviewed. There was a total of 18 contractures (2 wrist, 12 elbow, 4 knee) secondary to neurological and orthopedic pathologies. Chart review focused on patient demographic information, range of motion (ROM) and functional outcomes, and wear schedules. Results The use of LLPS orthoses significantly increased ROM for the whole sample, which in turn significantly improved the subjects' functional outcomes. When the sample was divided into two pathology groups to compare a predominately geriatric population with neurological pathologies to a somewhat younger population with a history of musculoskeletal pathology, both groups showed a significant gain in ROM with the use of the LLPS orthoses. Conclusion Use of LLPS orthoses for contractive management can mediate the losses in ROM and function that occur with joint contractures.
Laboratory issues in measuring and reporting urine albumin

Urine albumin is an important biomarker for kidney damage, and its measurement is recommended by clinical practice guidelines in many countries for identifying and managing patients with kidney disease. A recent publication reviewed current practices in measurement and reporting of urine albumin concentrations and made recommendations for improvement [1]. The paper reflected the work of the Laboratory Working Group of the National Kidney Disease Education Program (NKDEP, USA) and the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Joint Committee for Standardization of Albumin in Urine. Historically, the concentration of albumin excreted in 24 h was used to evaluate kidney function. The difficulty of collecting 24 h urine samples has lead to the common recommendation to use an untimed urine collection and to report the ratio of the albumin concentration to the creatinine concentration. This albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) is widely viewed as an acceptable surrogate for the albumin excretion rate. The recommendations from various professional organizations, however, vary regarding the type of urine samples to collect for measurement of ACR (e.g. firstmorning void, random), the reporting units to use and the criteria for interpretation of the results. Most recommendations use a single decision threshold to identify patients with clinically significant albuminuria, despite the variation of both the albumin and creatinine excretion rates with time of day, exercise, gender, race and other factors. Further complicating the use of a single decision threshold is the increasing evidence that albumin excretion functions as a continuous variable in predicting a progressive increase in risk for complications related to decreased kidney function [2,3]. A number of urine collection issues need careful investigation before improved recommendations for practice can be developed. A wide range of estimates have been reported for the biologic variability of albumin and creatinine in urine samples collected at different times of the day. The evidence supports the conclusion that the ACR is less vari
Gain saturation in traveling-wave semiconductor optical amplifiers

The gain saturation behavior of semiconductor traveling-wave optical amplifiers has been analyzed using a model that includes the specific dependence of gain on carrier concentration. Under the condition of a specific gain at a particular current, it is found that the saturation power strongly depends on the choice between quantum well (QW) or bulk amplifying medium but weakly on the detailed design of the device such as the number of QW's or the thickness of the bulk layer. The higher saturation power of the QW-based amplifier is caused by its logarithmic gain-current relation rather than its low optical confinement factor. Also, when the unsaturated device gain is specified, the designed saturation power can be obtained with the lowest drive current by using the highest optical confinement.
The effects of state political interests and campus outputs on public university revenues

Abstract Using data for 428 individual campuses in all 50 states, I show that state government funding and tuition and fee revenues at public universities depend on both political and economic factors. State government funding varies depending on the relative size of various interest groups in each state, as well as the ability of public universities to present a united front when dealing with state government. Differences in state government funding at specific campuses reflect differences in the net political benefits to political officials from the supply of instruction, academic research and public service. Net tuition and fee revenues are higher at campuses that receive less state government funding, but also higher in states where public universities have more financial autonomy. The price of attending college thus depends in part on whether the relevant decision makers are state government officials or university administrators.
The onset of childhood amnesia in childhood: A prospective investigation of the course and determinants of forgetting of early-life events

The present research was an examination of the onset of childhood amnesia and how it relates to maternal narrative style, an important determinant of autobiographical memory development. Children and their mothers discussed unique events when the children were 3 years of age. Different subgroups of children were tested for recall of the events at ages 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 years. At the later session they were interviewed by an experimenter about the events discussed 2 to 6 years previously with their mothers (early-life events). Children aged 5, 6, and 7 remembered 60% or more of the early-life events. In contrast, children aged 8 and 9 years remembered fewer than 40% of the early-life events. Overall maternal narrative style predicted children's contributions to mother–child conversations at age 3 years; it did not have cross-lagged relations to memory for early-life events at ages 5 to 9 years. Maternal deflections of the conversational turn to the child predicted the amount of information children later r...
Factors contributing to economic burden in lung cancer spousal caregivers

Objective: The determinates of economic burden in lung cancer caregivers are poorly understood. Of particular interest is the role patient symptoms play in caregiver economic burden. Guided by a stress process conceptual framework, this study examined the predictors of economic burden reported by lung cancer spousal caregivers. Our study focused on the pathway of contextual and stressor variables leading to economic burden in lung cancer caregivers. Method: Relying on survey data from 138 spouses, structural equation modeling was employed to examine the determinants of economic burden measured using the Family Impact Survey. Contextual variables included age, gender, education, and income; and stressor variables included patient physical and mental symptoms, as well as number of children in the home. Results: A significant indirect path between age and economic distress through patient symptoms (p = 0.05) indicates younger spouses providing care for patients with more symptoms and reporting greater economic burden. Direct effects between contextual variables and economic burden revealed that caregivers with less education (p = 0.02) and those with more children at home (p = 0.01) reported more adverse economic outcomes. Significance of Results: Numerous factors impact spousal caregivers' economic burden, including the presence of children at home, being a younger caregiver, and lower educational attainment by caregivers. Moreover, the direct effects between age and economic burden were not significant, supporting the clear role patient symptoms play in the path to economic burden in spousal caregivers. These results underscore the need for healthcare providers to address psychosocial factors when dealing with patients and families with lung cancer. Specifically, the results highlight the importance of addressing patient symptoms early before they threaten the family's economic well-being.
Seminormal log centers and deformations of pairs

We show that some properties of log canonical centers of a log canonical pair (X,D) also hold for certain subvarieties that are close to being a log canonical center. As a consequence, we obtain that if one works with deformations of pairs (X, D) where all the coefficients of D are bigger than 1/2, then one need not worry about embedded points on D. May 20: Results strengthened using recent work of Birkar and Hacon and Xu.
The criticality hypothesis: how local cortical networks might optimize information processing

Early theoretical and simulation work independently undertaken by Packard, Langton and Kauffman suggested that adaptability and computational power would be optimized in systems at the ‘edge of chaos’, at a critical point in a phase transition between total randomness and boring order. This provocative hypothesis has received much attention, but biological experiments supporting it have been relatively few. Here, we review recent experiments on networks of cortical neurons, showing that they appear to be operating near the critical point. Simulation studies capture the main features of these data and suggest that criticality may allow cortical networks to optimize information processing. These simulations lead to predictions that could be tested in the near future, possibly providing further experimental evidence for the criticality hypothesis.
Cost of yield

Every semiconductor manufacturer carefully manages fixed and variable costs to achieve profitability. Usually this is well defined in terms of facilities, equipment, labor, and materials, and for the high volume single product producer, the story is complete. Allocating a factory's capacity across several or many products quickly complicates the picture, and the engineering staff is forced to prioritize issues across product subsets. Cost of yield (COY) is a measure of the additional dollars debited (credited) to production expenses when the aggregate productivity falls below (exceeds) the business plan. It provides a way to understand the economic impact of yield variation from the plan weighted by the costs and volumes of each product. COY has been calculated at IBM Microelectronics since 1995 when the division moved to a "Standard Cost" accounting system, and it continues to be an important business management tool. The management staff interprets COY data to validate resource allocations and insure the deployment of the correct activities that cover the products with the largest COY variances. In fact, COY can be subdivided by a number of dimensions, and the implications of these analysis reaches beyond the realm of accounting. A manufacturer develops the cost targets during its planning cycle by projecting productivities (and yield). Measuring COY validates and audits the planning process, and large COY variances trigger profit motivation questions. Moreover, the manufacturer can make an informed decision as to when to scrap degraded hardware. This paper discusses the mechanics of the COY calculation and illustrates the concepts with analysis examples. Suggested integration into and investigation by the manufacturing engineering community are shown. Gaining a true understanding of how specific decisions affect yield in terms of actual dollars forces the design community to be accountable for conscience yield-limiting decisions, and provides the right benefit measure of some design-for-manufacturing initiatives. Finally, the senior business decision makers can assemble an enterprise-level COY perspective to guide future investment and actions.
ARMA system identification based on second-order cyclostationarity

Previous work has presented novel techniques that exploit cyclostationarity for channel identification in data communication systems. The present authors investigate the identifiability of linear time-invariant (LTI) ARMA systems based on second-order cyclic statistics. They present a parametric and a nonparametric method. The parametric method directly identifies the zeros and poles of ARMA channels with a mixed phase. The nonparametric method estimates the channel phase based on the cyclic spectra alone. They analyze the phase estimation error of the nonparametric method for finite dimensional ARMA channels. For specific, finite dimensional ARMA channels, an improved method is given, which combines the parametric method with the nonparametric method. Computer simulation illustrates the effectiveness of the methods in identifying ARMA system impulse responses. >
Responding To The Concerns Of Student Cultural Groups: Redesigning Spaces For Cultural Centers

This paper describes the engagement of a student committee in redesigning an entire floor of a university union to accommodate student cultural centers and provide space in a fair and equitable manner. The reorganization focused on the process as well as the task of allocating space, with an emphasis on the opportunity to foster the development of student leadership skills. Theories guiding the process included Chickering’s seven vectors of college student development, the campus ecology model, the Social Change Model of Leadership, and universal design.
Building Resiliency in a Palliative Care Team: A Pilot Study.

Abstract Context Palliative care clinicians (PCCs) are vulnerable to burnout as a result of chronic stress related to working with seriously ill patients. Burnout can lead to absenteeism, ineffective communication, medical errors, and job turnover. Interventions that promote better coping with stress are needed in this population. Objectives This pilot study tested the feasibility of the Relaxation Response Resiliency Program for Palliative Care Clinicians, a program targeted to decrease stress and increase resiliency, in a multidisciplinary cohort of PCCs (N = 16) at a major academic medical center. Methods A physician delivered the intervention over two months in five sessions (12 hours total). Data were collected the week before the program start and two months after completion. The main outcome was feasibility of the program. Changes in perceived stress, positive and negative affect, perspective taking, optimism, satisfaction with life, and self-efficacy were examined using nonparametric statistical tests. Effect size was quantified using Cohen's d. Results The intervention was feasible; all participants attended at least four of the five sessions, and there was no attrition. After the intervention, participants showed reductions in perceived stress and improvements in perspective taking. Conclusion Our findings suggest that a novel team-based resiliency intervention based on elicitation of the relaxation response was feasible and may help promote resiliency and protect against the negative consequences of stress for PCCs.
Growing Pressures on Farm Policy

The 2002 farm act, formally titled the "Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002" (FSRIA), achieved little progress in the liberalization of U.S. farm policy. Funding for the legislation over its expected life from 2002 to 2007 represents a $45.1 billion increase in spending over the baseline of the previous farm act. But FSRIA may represent the upper threshold in terms of budgets, impacts on trade, and public acceptance - indicative of the mounting pressure for reform of U.S. agricultural policy from budget hawks, environmental groups, international trading partners, and the public. As the pressures on FSRIA increase, so do the odds its successor will result in fewer distortions and move farm policy closer to a system more consistent with the goals of U.S. trade policy.
Presidential Influence in the House: Presidential Prestige as a Source of Presidential Power*

Presidential prestige or popularity has often been cited as an important source of presidential influence in Congress. It has not been empirically and systematically demonstrated, however, that such a relationship exists. This study examines a variety of relationships between presidential prestige and presidential support in the U.S. House of Representatives. The relationships between overall national presidential popularity on the one hand and overall, domestic, and foreign policy presidential support in the House as a whole and among various groups of congressmen on the other are generally weak. Consistently strong relationships are found between presidential prestige among Democratic party identifiers and presidential support among Democratic congressmen. Similar relationships are found between presidential prestige among the more partisan Republican party identifiers and the presidential support by Republican congressmen. Explanations for these findings are presented, and the findings are related to broader questions of American politics.
Fuzzy Logic Control of Diesel Combustion Phasing Using Ion Current Signal

Diesel engines have to meet stringent emissions standards without penalties in performance and fuel economy. This necessitated the use of elaborate after treatment devices to reduce the tail pipe emissions. In order to decrease the demand on the after treatment devices, there is a need to reduce the emissions in the formation stage during combustion. This requires a precise control of the phasing of the combustion process. Currently, diesel engines are controlled by pre-set open loop schedules that require extensive, time consuming and costly laboratory tests and calibration tasks to meet the production target goals which are stricter than the emission standards. Such goals are set as a safe guard against the deterioration during engine life cycle. This paper presents an incremental fuzzy logic controller that adjusts the combustion phasing as per desired targets to meet production goals over the engine life period. An ion current/ glow plug sensor and its circuit are used to produce a signal indicative of different combustion parameters. Signal conditioning and filtering are applied to improve the quality of ion current.The algorithm developed in this paper optimizes the ion current feed back to increase its reliability for stable engine control while maintaining fast controller response, and high accuracy. Experiments are carried out on a four cylinder, turbo-charged, 4.5L heavy duty diesel engine equipped with a common rail injection system and an open ECU. The response of the controller is evaluated from experimental data obtained by running the engine under different steady, and transient operating conditions. The results demonstrate the ability of the closed-loop control system in achieving the desired combustion phasing.© 2012 ASME
The Effects of Attachment and Acculturation on Latino College Students’ Relationship Satisfaction With a Close Friend

This study explored the effects of attachment and acculturation on relationship satisfaction for Latino college students in their current close friendships. Results indicated that attachment but no...
Survey of a food poisoning case cause by Salmonella enteritidis

Objective To detect the pathogen of bacterial food poisoning in order to provide basis for food poisoning investigation and emergency treatment.Method A total of 36 samples of patients' swabs and leftover food were detected according to WS/T 9-2003,WS 271-2007 and national standard methods in microbiological examination of food hygiene (GB/T4789-2003,GB/T4789-2008,GB/T4789-2010).Result Salmonella enteritidis were found in leftover food,patients' and kitchen workers' anal swabs.A total of 21 Salmonella spp.were detected from 36 samples.Conclusion Combining the epidemiological survey,clinical symptoms and the laboratory test results,this food poisoning was caused by Salmonella enteritidis.
Effect of Reinforcement Condition and Water Content on Compressive Strength and Stress-Strain of Compaction Soil with Wheat Straw

Inferior strength and more deformation resulted from salt expansion,dissolution and water absorption,are overcome by means of reinforcement with wheat straw.Reinforced ratio,reinforced length and water content of soil influence the compressive strength of heavy compaction specimen and its stress-strain.It has been proved that(1)compressive strength of reinforced soil with 0.25% ratio is the best,those with 0.2% and 0.3% are better,peak of stress-strain curve of reinforced soil with 0.25% is remarkable;(2)effect of reinforced ratio on stress-strain is more and more weaker with the increase of reinforced length;(3)type of stress-strain curve changes gradually from strain softening to strain hardening with the increase of reinforced length,in which that with 70 mm is obvious;and(4)there is a peak in stress-strain curve of reinforced soils below optimum water content,and that above optimum water content display gently plasticity.Analysis on regulation of unconfined compressive strength and stress-strain will provide some directions for studying triaxial shear strength of reinforced soils with wheat straw and its deviator stress-strain in next stage.
PUFA and aging modulate cardiac mitochondrial membrane lipid composition and Ca2+ activation of PDH

Aberrations in cell Ca2+ homeostasis have been known to parallel both changes in membrane lipid composition and aging. Previous work has shown that the lowered efficiency of work performance, which...
Dynamical Downscaling Data for Studying ClimaticImpacts on Hydrology, Permafrost, and Ecosystems inArctic Alaska

Abstract. Climatic changes are most pronounced in northern high latitude regions. Yet, there is a paucity of observational data, both spatially and temporally, such that regional-scale dynamics are not fully captured, limiting our ability to make reliable projections. In this study, a group of dynamical downscaling products were created for the period 1950 to 2100 to better understand climate change and its impacts on hydrology, permafrost, and ecosystems at a resolution suitable for northern Alaska. An ERA-interim reanalysis dataset and the Community Earth System Model (CESM) served as the forcing mechanisms in this dynamical downscaling framework, and the Weather Research & Forecast (WRF) model, embedded with an optimization for the Arctic (Polar WRF), served as the Regional Climate Model (RCM). This downscaled output consists of multiple climatic variables (precipitation, temperature, wind speed, dew point temperature, and surface air pressure) for a 10 km grid spacing at three-hour intervals. The modeling products were evaluated and calibrated using a bias-correction approach. The ERA-interim forced WRF (ERA-WRF) produced reasonable climatic variables as a result, yielding a more closely correlated temperature field than precipitation field when long-term monthly climatology was compared with its forcing and observational data. A linear scaling method then further corrected the bias, based on ERA-interim monthly climatology, and bias-corrected ERA-WRF fields were applied as a reference for calibration of both the historical and the projected CESM forced WRF (CESM-WRF) products. Biases, such as, a cold temperature bias during summer and a warm temperature bias during winter as well as a wet bias for annual precipitation that CESM holds over northern Alaska persisted in CESM-WRF runs. The linear scaling of CESM-WRF eventually produced high-resolution downscaling products for the Alaskan North Slope for hydrological and ecological research, together with the calibrated ERA-WRF run, and its capability extends far beyond that. Other climatic research has been proposed, including exploration of historical and projected climatic extreme events and their possible connections to low-frequency sea-atmospheric oscillations, as well as near-surface permafrost degradation and ice regime shifts of lakes. These dynamically downscaled, bias corrected climatic datasets provide improved spatial and temporal resolution data necessary for ongoing modeling efforts in northern Alaska focused on reconstructing and projecting hydrologic changes, ecosystem processes and responses, and permafrost thermal regimes. The dynamical downscaling methods presented in this study can also be used to create more suitable model input datasets for other sub-regions of the Arctic. Supplementary data are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.863625 .
Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of Motivational Enhancement Therapy for Reducing Substance Use

The authors report the findings of a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing motivational enhancement therapy with no treatment and alternative treatments. Mean effect-size data are reported. Implications and suggestions for counseling practice and future research are provided.
Bithalamic gliomas may be molecularly distinct from their unilateral high-grade counterparts

Bithalamic gliomas are rare cancers diagnosed based on poorly defined radiologic criteria. Infiltrative astrocytomas account for most cases. While some previous studies reported dismal outcomes for patients with bithalamic gliomas irrespective of therapy and histologic grade, others described better prognoses even without anticancer therapy. Little is known about their molecular characteristics. We reviewed clinical, radiologic, and histologic features of patients with bithalamic gliomas treated at our institution over 15 years. Targeted sequencing of mutational hotspots in H3F3A, HIST1H3B, IDH1/2, and BRAF, and genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation and copy number abnormalities was performed in available tumors. Eleven patients with bithalamic gliomas were identified. Their median age at diagnosis was 4.8 years (range: 1–15.7). Additional involvement of the brainstem, basal ganglia, and cerebral lobes occurred in 11, 9, and 3 cases, respectively. All patients presented with hydrocephalus. Two-thirds of the patients had a histologic diagnosis of anaplastic astrocytoma. Despite aggressive therapy, our youngest patient, the only one diagnosed before 1 year of age, is the sole long-term survivor. DNA methylation could be performed in seven tumors, all of which clustered with the RTK I ‘PDGFRA’ subgroup by unsupervised hierarchical analysis of methylation array against a previously published cohort of 59 pediatric high-grade gliomas. Sequencing of hotspots mutations could be done in 10 tumors, none of which harbored H3F3A p.K27 and/or the respective DNA methylation signature, and any other hotspot mutations. Amplification of MDM4 (n = 2), PDGFRA (n = 2), and ID2 combined with MYCN (n = 1) were observed in 7 tumors available for analysis. In comparison with the previously published experience with unilateral high-grade thalamic astrocytomas where H3F3A p.K27 was present in two-thirds of cases, the absence of this molecular subgroup in bithalamic gliomas was striking. This finding suggests that unilateral and bithalamic high-grade gliomas may represent two distinct molecular entities.
Occupational Aspiration Change Patterns of Male and Female High School Hispanics

Levels of occupational aspirations (LOA) for 278 Hispanic adolescents (131 boys; 147 girls) in grades 9 through twelve were obtained using an adapt- ed version of the Occupational Aspiration Scale. MANOVA results revealed LOA differences between gender groups and among grades. Post hoc comparisons showed higher Short Range Realistic (SRR) LOA for females than males between grades 9-10, 9-11, and 9-12, in Short Range Idealistic (SRI) and Long Range Re- alistic (LRR) LOA between grades 9-10, and in SRI LOA between grades 10-11. Tenth grade males and females had higher LOA than 9th-graders in SRI and SRR LOA, respectively. Possible reasons for LOA fluctuation patterns are discussed. Implications for counselors and suggestions for future research are provided.
Abstract AP25: INHIBITION OF HDAC ACTIVITY SELECTIVELY INHIBITS ARID1A–MUTATED OVARIAN CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA THROUGH A NOVEL P53 REGULATORY MECHANISM

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: ARID1A is mutated ~50% and 30% of clear cell (OCCC) and endometrioid (OEC) ovarian cancers, respectively. Over 90% of the ARID1A mutations observed in ovarian cancer are frame-shift or nonsense mutations that result in loss of ARID1A protein expression. In several cancers including OCCC, ARID1A and p53 mutations are often mutually exclusive. OCCC carries a worse prognosis compared to the other histosubtypes of ovarian cancer. Thus, there is an urgent clinical need for improved therapeutic strategies. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE: To investigate the role of specific HDACs in the context of ARID1A expression, we examined the effect of knocking down HDACs in an isogenic OCCC cell line with and without ARID1A expression. Utilizing a panel of ARID1A-mutated and wildtype OCCC cell lines, we evaluated the effect of HDAC knockdown and inhibition through a variety of 2D and 3D assays. We also examined the consequence of HDAC inhibition on tumor growth, survival, and dissemination in an in vivo mouse model of ovarian cancer. SUMMARY OF THE DATA: We have discovered that ARID1A is involved in the repression of HDACs, and ARID1A-inactivation promotes aberrant transcriptional regulation of HDACs. Importantly, we uncovered a novel HDAC-dependent regulatory mechanism of p53. Several HDAC inhibitors are currently in clinical trials. We found HDAC inhibitors were more selective in ARID1A-mutated OCCC cell lines compared to ARID1A-wildtype cells. We observed that HDAC inhibition led to a significant increase in apoptosis in ARID1A-mutated cells. In an orthotopic intra-bursal xenograft model using ARID1A wildtype and deficient cells, the HDAC inhibitor suppressed primary tumor growth and inhibited tumor cell dissemination only in the ARID1A-mutated tumors. Significantly, HDAC inhibition significantly improved the survival of mice bearing ARID1A-mutated tumors. CONCLUSIONS: These findings imply that HDAC inhibition represents a novel therapeutic strategy for ARID1A-deficient cancers. This study further elucidates the observed mutual exclusivity of ARID1A and p53. Importantly, we have uncovered a novel regulatory mechanism of p53 mediated through ARID1A and HDACs. Clinically, this study describes a precision medicine approach to the treatment of ARID1A-mutated OCCC. Citation Format: Benjamin G. Bitler, Pyoung Hwa Park, Yang Hai, Katherine M. Aird, Yemin Wang, David G. Huntsman, Kathleen R. Cho, David W. Christianson, Rugang Zhang. INHIBITION OF HDAC ACTIVITY SELECTIVELY INHIBITS ARID1A–MUTATED OVARIAN CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA THROUGH A NOVEL P53 REGULATORY MECHANISM [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 12-13, 2016; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr AP25.
Inter-Tools: a toolkit for interactome analysis

Interactome analysis is an increasingly useful tool for discovering disease pathways. However, protein interaction data is scattered among different sources, and researchers must often sift through several large repositories before beginning a project. Inter-Tools allows users to search databases in the PSI-MITAB standard format for interactions meeting specified criteria, then combine them into a single, species-specific interactome dataset. It also produces graph files of interactome networks and performs basic analysis on user-input gene sets. Inter-Tools reduces the barriers to preliminary interactome investigation and hypothesis generation.
Epidemiology of Injury in the Young Dancer

Dance is a common activity among children and adolescents, and often requires intense training and unique skills. The rate of injury among young dancers is substantial and has been reported at rates similar to adolescent athletes in other sports. Young dancers may be particularly vulnerable to injury due to the physiological growth process. While many theories exist, limited conclusions can be drawn regarding risk factors for dance injury based on current evidence. Pediatric dancers most commonly suffer from lower extremity injuries secondary to overuse, often involving joints or soft tissue structures and localizing to the foot and ankle. However, the rate and profile of injury may vary prior to and following puberty. Some of the most commonly reported injuries include ankle sprain, ankle impingement, foot and ankle tendinopathy, and patellofemoral pain. With regard to management and treatment, an individualized interdisciplinary approach involving parents, dance educators, therapists, and physicians is highly recommended.
Dispersion-controlled diffractive devices with dielectric metasurfaces

Diffractive optical devices follow a negative chromatic dispersion dictated by device function. Here we show that metasurfaces with independent control of phase and group delays enable diffractive devices that break this relation. We demonstrate gratings and focusing mirrors with enhanced negative, zero, and positive dispersion.
Providing Proper Emphasis

As mentioned in Lesson 1, several years before the fateful launch of the Space Shuttle Challenger, a NASA engineer had reservations about the O-ring design of the shuttle’s solid rocket boosters.
Diseases with Liver and Kidney Involvement

Many congenital and acquired diseases involve both concomitant kidney and liver disease. In these conditions the rate of disease progression is independent in each organ and a co-ordinated approach between nephrologist and hepatologist is essential for management, particularly when considering a need for combined transplantation.
Animal and Cell Culture Models to Study Foodborne Pathogens

Much of our knowledge and understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of foodborne pathogens are gained from using animal and cell culture models. In modern day, these models are indispensable research tools; thus, one must have apprehension for the availability of different models, their usage, advantages, and limitations. In addition, one must choose an appropriate model for a pathogen in order to learn the microorganism’s behavior in that environment. Cell culture models, especially the secondary cell lines, are the most valuable tools that allow determining virulence potential of pathogens. Cytotoxicity assays are measured by microscopic analysis and enzyme release assays (lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, or metabolic staining assay). Cell culture models also allow studying bacteria-induced cell death such as apoptosis or necrosis. In addition, these models help us to study the molecular mechanism of pathogen–host interaction such as microbial adhesion, invasion, paracellular translocation and cell-to-cell movement, and host cell signaling events. Animal models are often used to substantiate the pathogenic mechanism that has been established in an in vitro cell culture model. Whole animals provide a better picture of dissemination of bacterial pathogens in different organs and tissues, and some models show clinical symptoms similar to humans. Sometimes animals are insensitive to human pathogens. In such situations, immunocompromised or immunodeficient animals are employed to study microbial pathogenesis. In addition, transgenic mice with targeted gene knockout can elucidate the role of a specific gene product in microbial pathogenesis. Pathogen interactions with animals are measured by determining the lethal dose (LD50) or infective dose 50 (ID50). Tissue distribution of pathogens can be analyzed by whole-body imaging using bioluminescence reporter microbes, conventional microbiological analysis from harvested tissues, and microscopic analysis of histological sections. Animal models also provide the nature of the immune response and the efficacy of a vaccine against a pathogen. Animal use in research is extremely regulated and alternative to animal models is highly desirable. Zebrafish, fruit fly, and nematodes (C. elegans) are some of the uncommon models which are gaining popularity as a substitute for laboratory animal models.
Effect of silver from cloud seeding on cecal flora of rabbits.

Silver, used in iodide form as a nucleating agent to increase precipitation, may be ingested with plant material by animals. Since ionic Ag is toxic to microorganisms, effects of AgI and of AgNO3 on cecal microflora of the cottontail rabbit were examined. Rabbits eliminated essentially all of an oral dose of AgI in an average of 6.3 days. However, 99% of the labeled Ag was passed within 3 days. Only 8 to 26% of the Ag entered the cecum. Chronic intake of AgI did not result in accumulation of Ag in the cecum. There was no evidence of absorption of Ag from the gastrointestinal tract and accumulation in body tissues. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) of a ration dosed with 4.2 ppm Ag as AgI complexes was not significantly different from DMD for a control ration. DMD of a ration dosed with 10 ppm Ag as AgNO3 was not significantly different from DMD for a control ration. Synthesis of folic acid by cecal microflora was not reduced by intake of 5 ppm Ag as AgI complexes in the diet. Results demonstrated that Ag compounds, at levels expected in areas of weather modification, will not inhibit cecal microflora. Exposure of the microorganisms to Ag is minimal, and the literature indicates that free Ag ions can be effectively detoxified in the digestive tract.
Patterns of alcohol use and marijuana use among students at 2- and 4-year institutions.

Objective: The objective of this study was to understand substance use patterns of alcohol, marijuana, and simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use among 2- and 4-year college students. Partici...
ω-3 PUFAs and Colon Cancer: Experimental Studies and Human Interventional Trials

Colon cancer represents one of the most frequent forms of cancer worldwide. There is plenty of evidence to support the notion that chemoprevention is a major component of colon cancer control, and that dietary fats influence the rate of incidence of this kind of cancer. In particular, a variety of experimental studies conducted on animals subject to chemical carcinogenesis of colon, transplanted with colon cancer cells, or representing a genetic model of colon cancer have demonstrated the ability of diets at high content of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to reduce the risk, growth, and progression of colon cancer. Several of these studies have also emphasized the importance of a reduced dietary ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA ratio to diminish the risk. The beneficial anti-tumor effects of ω-3 PUFAs have been also largely demonstrated in colon cancer cells treated in vitro with these fatty acids. The synergic action of combinations of ω-3 PUFAs and other anti-neoplastic agents has also been demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro. On the contrary, just a few human interventional trials have been conducted so far, but there is complete agreement among them and with the experimental studies on the anti-tumor efficacy of increased dietary intakes of ω-3 PUFAs.
Flow, life satisfaction, personal expressiveness and passion associated with fashion student designer's design process

The purpose of this study was to find how fashion designers' personal experience and psychological process influence their design process. Especially, this study is to seek how flow, life satisfaction, personal expressiveness, and passion influence student designers' design process. We hypothesized that there will be significant differences in student designers' perceptions and design processes depending on their level of flow, life satisfaction, personal expressiveness, and passion.
PLK1 Inhibition Targets Myc-Activated Malignant Glioma Cells Irrespective of Mismatch Repair Deficiency-Mediated Acquired Resistance to Temozolomide.

Mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency through MSH6 inactivation has been identified in up to 30% of recurrent high-grade gliomas, and represents a key molecular mechanism underlying the acquired resistance to the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ). To develop a therapeutic strategy that could be effective in these TMZ-refractory gliomas, we first screened 13 DNA damage response modulators for their ability to suppress viability of MSH6-inactivated, TMZ-resistant glioma cells. We identified a PLK1 selective inhibitor, Volasertib, as the most potent in inhibiting proliferation of glioblastoma cells. PLK1 inhibition induced mitotic catastrophe, G2/M cell cycle arrest, and DNA damage, leading to caspase-mediated apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. Importantly, therapeutic effects of PLK1 inhibitors were not influenced by MSH6 knockdown, indicating that their action is independent of MMR status of the cells. Systemic treatment with Volasertib potently inhibited tumor growth in an MMR-deficient, TMZ-resistant glioblastoma xenograft model. Further in vitro testing in established and patient-derived cell line panels revealed an association of PLK1 inhibitor efficacy with cellular Myc expression status. We found that cells with deregulated Myc are vulnerable to PLK1 inhibition, as Myc overexpression sensitizes, while its silencing desensitizes, glioblastoma cells to PLK1 inhibitors. This discovery is clinically relevant as glioma progression post-TMZ treatment is frequently accompanied by MYC genomic amplification and/or pathway activation. In conclusion, PLK inhibitor represents a novel therapeutic option for recurrent gliomas, including those TMZ-resistant from MMR deficiency. Genomic MYC alteration may serve as a biomarker for PLK inhibitor sensitivity, as Myc-driven tumors demonstrated pronounced responses.