cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ULF waves in the outer magnetosphere of Uranus

ULF waves are ubiquitous in the terrestrial magnetosphere, and play a critical role in the physics of the magnetosphere. A search for similar waves in the Uranian magnetosphere using Voyager 2 magnetometer data reveals ULF waves in the outer magnetosphere near the magnetopause. These waves decrease in amplitude with distance from the magnetopause. In the interior of the magnetosphere the wave level is at or below the noise level of the instrument.
Improving teamwork using real-time language feedback

We develop and evaluate a real-time language feedback system that monitors the communication patterns among students in a discussion group and provides real-time instructions to shape the way the group works together. As an initial step, we determine which group processes are related to better outcomes. We then experimentally test the efficacy of providing real-time instructions which target two of these group processes. The feedback system was successfully able to shape the way groups worked together. However, only appropriate feedback given to groups that were not working well together from the start was able to improve group performance.
Severe aplastic anemia preceding acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Background. Bone marrow aplasia preceding acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a rare condition that usually affects children. The ALL generally follows the recovery of normal blood counts and most commonly occurs within 6 months of the onset of aplasia. The case of a patient with severe aplastic anemia is reported in whom ALL developed 15 months after the initial diagnosis of aplastic anemia. A literature search found 23 cases of ALL after a period of aplasia or hypoplasia. This patient's disease, however, was different from all previously reported ones. The severe aplasia lasted 15 months before being followed by ALL. There was no recovery of blood counts before the onset of ALL. Methods. A review of the literature found 23 case reports in which aplasia or hypoplasia preceded ALL; these patients also had pancytopenia of the peripheral blood. Excluded from this review were patients whose bone marrow was hypoplastic, but who did not have pancytopenia because these did not have “aplastic anemia” as their initial disease. Results. Analysis of the reported patients showed that most were girls 10 years of age or younger. There was an overwhelming prevalence of fever, which in several instances, might have had an infectious cause. ALL most commonly occurred within 6 months of the aplasia and usually followed the recovery of normal blood counts. Conclusions. Patients with ALL after a prolonged period of aplasia have several common characteristics including female sex, young age, and the prevalence of fever, often associated with an infectious illness. ALL usually follows the recovery of blood counts and occurs within 6 months of the onset of aplasia. The pathophysiology of this patient's disease(s) is still unclear. He could have had two unrelated disorders or a two-step leukemic process that followed a stem cell “insult.” This patient had an antecedent hepatitis A infection 3 months before aplasia occurred. However, the authors were unable to identify with certainty any other event that might have caused additional bone marrow injury. Cancer 1993; 71:264-8.
The effect of high temperature fatigue on the fracture toughness of a nickel-base alloy

The purpose of the present work was to investigate the effect of cyclic loading at high temperature on the fracture toughness of a precipitate hardened alloy. A ..gamma..' precipitate hardened Inconcel X-750 alloy was chosen because of its importance in practical applications as well as its relatively well defined microstructure compared to other superalloys. This paper presents a study of the variation of the relative fracture toughness of this alloy during continuous and hold-time fatigue at 973/sup 0/K.
Analysis of Microslab Waveguide

A rigorous mode matching analysis is applied to find the propagation characteristics of the microslab waveguide. An effective dielectric constant approach using the spectral domain method is used to support the results. The results agree well with experimental data for a ring oscillator.
Electrophysiologic deterioration after one-minute fibrillation increases relative biphasic defibrillation efficacy.

Biphasic Shocks and One-Minute Fibrillation. Introduction: The probability of survival decreases to 70% after 2 minutes of ventricular fibriltation. Bipliasic shocks are more effective than monophasic shocks in terminating short-duration (<30 sec) ventricular fibrillation. We tested the hypotheses that developing ischemia changes the electrophysiologic characteristics of fibrillation and that the relative efficacy of biphasic shocks increases as electrophysiologic characteristics deteriorate. Methods and Results: Monophasic (12 msec) and biphasic (6/6 msec) shocks (1 to 4 A) were tested in random order in isolated rabbit hearts after 1-minute ischemic fibrillation. Monophasic action potentials showed only a sporadic occurrence of electrical diastole after 5 seconds of fibrillation (24% of action potentials in the right ventricle and 18% in the left ventricle). After 60 seconds of fibrillation, diastole (17.83 ± 1.14 msec in the right ventricle and 21.52 ± 1.16 msec in the left ventricle) appeared after almost every action potential (P < 0.0001 compared with 5 sec), despite a lack of change in fibrillation cycle length and dominant frequency. Monophasie I50 was 2.89 A, and biphasic I50 was 1.4 A (77% reduction in energy). Normalized curve width decreased 28%. Retrospective analysis showed that shocks delivered early in the fibrillation action potential bad a greater probability of succeeding (89%) than shocks delivered late (30%; P < 0.001). Conclusion: After l-minute ischemic fibrillation, diastolic intervals occur during fibrillation. Therefore, defibrillation shocks have an approximately 29% probability of interacting with the fibrillation action potential during diastole. At this time, biphasic shocks produced a more deterministic defibrillation threshold and became even more efficacious (I50B/M = 0.48) than at short fibrillation durations (I50 B/M = 0.7).
College of DuPage Teaching and Learning Center: A comprehensive professional development program

An important goal for professional development is the creation of a place where all faculty and staff can come together and learn. In this chapter, I describe how the College of DuPage in Glen Ellyn, Illinois, integrated its traning efforts by creating a teaching and learning center. This center provides development opportunities for all employees.
Complex Distal Humeral Fractures: Internal Fixation with a Principle-Based Parallel-Plate Technique

BACKGROUND: Severe comminution, bone loss, and osteopenia at the site of a distal humeral fracture increase the risk of an unsatisfactory result, often secondary to inadequate fixation. The purpose of this study was to determine the outcome of treating these fractures with a principle-based technique that maximizes fixation in the articular fragments and stability at the supracondylar level. METHODS: Thirty-four consecutive complex distal humeral fractures were fixed with two parallel plates applied (medially and laterally) in approximately the sagittal plane. The technique was specifically designed to satisfy two principles: (1) fixation in the distal fragments should be maximized and (2) screw fixation in the distal segment should contribute to stability at the supracondylar level. Twenty-six fractures were AO type C3, and fourteen were open. Thirty-two fractures were followed for a mean of two years. The patients were assessed clinically with use of the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) and radiographically. RESULTS: Neither hardware failure nor fracture displacement occurred in any patient. Union of thirty-one of the thirty-two fractures was achieved primarily. Five patients underwent additional surgery to treat elbow stiffness. There was one deep infection that resolved without hardware removal and did not impede union. At the time of the most recent follow-up, twenty-eight elbows were either not painful or only mildly painful, and the mean flexion-extension arc was 99°. The mean MEPS was 85 points. The result was graded as excellent for eleven elbows, good for sixteen, fair for two, and poor for three. CONCLUSIONS: Stable fixation and a high rate of union of complex distal humeral fractures can be achieved when a principle-based surgical technique that maximizes fixation in the distal segments and stability at the supracondylar level is employed. The early stability achieved with this technique permits intensive rehabilitation to restore elbow motion. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION: “Complex Distal Humeral Fractures: Internal Fixation with a Principle-Based Parallel-Plate Technique” (2007;89:[961-9][1]). [1]: /lookup/volpage/89/961
Stimulation of erythropoiesis in irradiated dogs and rats.

SummaryFollowing whole body exposure to sublethal doses of X-rays, erythropoiesis was depressed in both dogs and rats, but could be markedly increased by bleeding the animals shortly before or after irradiation. In rats, post-irradiation administration of PAPP resulted in a similar increase in erythropoiesis. Blood loss 24 hours after irradiation had no appreciable effect. The data indicate the reversibility or modification of injury to the erythropoietic system without similarly affecting the recovery of other bone marrow elements.
HISTOCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE CERCARIAE OF POSTHODIPLOSTOMUM MINIMUM.

Abstract The cercariae of Posthodiplostomum minimum, collected from freshwater snails in Georgia, were subjected to various histochemical tests to determine the nature of the contents of the gland cells. Three pairs of gland cells were obvious within the cercariae. One pair was preacetabular in position, and two pairs were postacetabular. The ducts from all the glands opened at the extreme anterior portion of the animal, a member of each pair opening on either side of the mouth. The granular contents of the gland cells stained positively with the Schiff reaction. The tests for tyrosine, arginine, and basic proteins were likewise positive. In addition, the results of other histochemical tests, such as the Alcian blue test and Mayer's mucicarmine, indicated the presence of acid mucopolysaccharides. It was apparent, therefore, that two types of secretions were in the gland cells: a carbohydrate-protein complex, probably a glycoprotein, as well as an acid mucopolysaccharide. The major carbohydrate found within the parenchyma was glycogen. Alkaline glycerophosphatase was limited to the bipartite excretory bladder. The presence of deoxyribonucleic acid was limited to the nuclei of the parenchymal cells and to the nuclei of the gland cells. Ribonucleic acid was present in small amounts in the contents of the gland cells and was the major nucleic acid in the cytoplasm of the parenchymal tissue. A brief description of the morphology of the gland cells was given.
Disorder and Structure in the Rab11 Binding Domain of Rab11-Family Interacting Protein 2

Rab11 plays a central role in plasma membrane recycling which returns cellular receptors for reuse at the cell surface. A recently identified family of Rab11 interacting proteins (FIP) includes FIP2. The C-terminal region of FIP2 is essential for colocalization with Rab11 on early endosomes and for enabling formation of higher-order oligomers. Rab11 binding and oligomerization of FIP2 are separable. Here we have determined the three-dimensional structure of the 40-residue coiled-coil oligomerization domain of FIP2 in the absence of Rab11 using NMR methods. The N-terminal half showed strong NOE cross-peaks and well-dispersed NMR resonances, whereas the C-terminal half had fewer NOE cross-peaks and less chemical shift dispersion. The 10 C-terminal residues were mostly disordered. The final structures of the dimer had favorable Ramachandran angles and a root-mean-square deviation of 0.59 +/- 0.13 A over superimposed backbone residues. The structure allows a comparison to a structure of FIP2 in complex with Rab11 that was determined crystallographically. In complex with Rab11, the C-terminal residues are not disordered but have a helical structure that predicts residual dipolar coupling constants that are incompatible with those measured on the unbound FIP2. In both structures, a histidine residue is found at the normally hydrophobic position of the heptad repeat of the coiled coil, and here we show its ionization destabilizes the coiled-coil structure. Together, these data allow us to build a model in which the binding of FIP family proteins to Rab11 can be described in terms of conformational changes and that suggests new modes of regulation.
Management of the Nasal Dorsum in Central Facial Injuries: Indications for Calvarial Bone Grafting

Objective: To demonstrate criteria for primary calvarial bone grafting in central facial fractures. Design: Retrospective, cohort study. Setting: University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (Iowa City) and The Johns Hopkins Hospital (Baltimore, Md). Patients: Consecutive sample of 27 patients with nasoethmoidal fractures. Intervention: Preoperative and intraoperative analysis with surgical intervention. Patients with the following criterion received primal dorsal calvarial bone grafts: loss of dorsal nasal support in the upper bony and lower cartilaginous dorsum. Main Outcome Measure: Prevention of cicatricial softtissue contraction of the nose with primary bony dorsal reconstruction and/or nasal bone grafting. Conclusion: In certain severe cases of nasal bony and cartilaginous comminution, primary dorsal nasal calvarial bone grafts are indicated. (Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:307-312)
Correlation of magnetitic susceptibility with18O/16O data in late orogenic granites of the southern Appalachian Piedmont

Abstract Initial magnetic susceptibility (generally indicative of magnetite content) has been determined for 445 samples from 17 granites located in the southern Appalachian Piedmont of Georgia and South Carolina. These values have been correlated with whole rock δ18O data from the same plutons, yielding a pronounced inverse relationship. It has previously been shown for the southern Piedmont that low oxygen isotopic (18O-enriched) values usually occur in S-type granites (Wenner [1], this issue). It follows, then, that I-type granites are characterized by high susceptibilities (χ > 1 × 10−4 G/Oe), and S-type granites by low susceptibilities (χ
ERYTHROPOIETIC CELL CULTURES FROM CHICK EMBRYOS

Erythropoietic cell cultures from very early chick blastoderms survive for several days They show four to seven doublings of the erythroid cells and the appropriate morphological changes from proerythroblasts to mature erythrocytes Cell cycle times are the same as in ovo for the first day of culture, but slow down thereafter The hemoglobins of both the primitive and the definitive red cell series are produced. 5-Bromodeoxyuridine added to the cultures inhibits differentiation and hemoglobin synthesis, though not cell division, but quite soon the cells cease being sensitive The effect of the drug can be reversed by the addition of thymidine.
Atomic-resolution structural information from scattering experiments on macromolecules in solution.

The pair-distance distribution function (PDDF) contains all structural information probed in an elastic scattering experiment of macromolecular solutions. However, in small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) or small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments only their Fourier transform is measured over a restricted range of scattering angles. We therefore developed a mathematically simple and computationally efficient method to calculate the PDDFs as well as accurate scattering intensities from molecular dynamics simulations. The calculated solution scattering intensities are in excellent agreement with SAXS and wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS) experiments for a series of proteins. The corresponding PDDFs are remarkably rich in features reporting on the detailed protein structure. Using an inverse Fourier transform method, most of these features can be recovered if scattering intensities are measured up to a momentum transfer of $q\ensuremath{\approx}2$--$3\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\AA{}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Our results establish that high-precision solution scattering experiments utilizing x-ray free-electron lasers and third generation synchrotron sources can resolve subnanometer structural detail, well beyond size, shape, and fold.
Acousto-optic multiphoton laser scanning microscopy (AO-MPLSM) for structural and functional imaging in living brain slices

The intrinsic optical sectioning, reduced light-scattering, and reduced photodamage of multiphoton laser-scanning microscopy (MPLSM) has generated great interest for this technique in experimental Neuroscience, as it enables to study both structure and function of fine neuronal processes within living brain tissue. At present, virtually all MPLSM systems employ galvanometric beam positioning. Due to this inertia-limited approach, single-dimension line scans are employed to achieve frame rates sufficient for functional imaging. Although such line scans allow adequate sampling rates (≤1kHz), two significant drawbacks remain. First, the majority of scan time is wasted by illuminating regions of no interest, while sacrificing signal integration time at sites-of-interest. Second, the sites from which signals can be recorded are limited to those along a single line. Alternatively, acousto-optic (AO) beam positioning with high-resolution TeO 2 deflectors allows inertia-free skipping between arbitrary sites within the field-of-view in 10 sites within the dendrites of pyramidal neurons in acute brain slices, at signal-to-noise ratios comparable to line-scan systems.
Motile and non-motile sperm diagnostic manipulation using optoelectronic tweezers

Optoelectronic tweezers was used to manipulate human spermatozoa to determine whether their response to OET predicts sperm viability among non-motile sperm. We review the electro-physical basis for how live and dead human spermatozoa respond to OET. The maximal velocity that non-motile spermatozoa could be induced to move by attraction or repulsion to a moving OET field was measured. Viable sperm are attracted to OET fields and can be induced to move at an average maximal velocity of 8.8 ± 4.2 µm s−1, while non-viable sperm are repelled to OET, and are induced to move at an average maximal velocity of −0.8 ± 1.0 µm s−1. Manipulation of the sperm using OET does not appear to result in increased DNA fragmentation, making this a potential method by which to identify viable non-motile sperm for assisted reproductive technologies.
Relationship Between Increases in Pancreatic Enzymes and Cerebral Events in Children After Traumatic Brain Injury

Objective To describe the risk factors of early and delayed increases in pancreatic enzymes (PE) in children after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to determine if cerebral events (such as intracranial hemorrhage or intracranial hypertension) are associated with increases in PE.
THE THRESHOLD FOR BRAIN DAMAGE IN RABBITS INDUCED BY BURSTS OF ULTRASOUND IN THE PRESENCE OF AN ULTRASOUND CONTRAST AGENT (OPTISON )

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that burst ultrasound (US) in the presence of a US contrast agent using parameters similar to those used in brain blood flow measurements causes tissue damage. The brains of 10 rabbits were sonicated in 3-8 locations with 1.5-MHz, 10- micro s bursts repeated at a frequency of 1 kHz at temporal peak acoustic pressure amplitudes ranging from 2 to 12.7 MPa. The total sonication time for each location was 20 s. Before each sonication, a bolus of US contrast agent was injected IV. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained after the sonications to detect local enhancement in the brain. Whole brain histological evaluation was performed, and the sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E), TUNEL, and vanadium acid fuchsin (VAF) staining to evaluate tissue effects, including apoptosis and ischemia. Both the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancement and histology findings indicated that brain tissue damage was induced at a pressure amplitude level of 6.3 MPa. The damage included vascular wall damage, hemorrhage and, eventually, necrosis. Mild vascular damage was observed localized in a few microscopic tissue volumes in about half of the sonicated locations at all pressure values tested (down to 2 MPa). However, these sonications did not induce any detectable tissue effects, including ischemia or apoptosis. As a conclusion, the study showed that the US exposure levels currently used for blood flow measurements in brain are below the threshold of blood-brain barrier opening or brain tissue damage. However, one should be aware that brain damage can be induced if the exposure level is increased.
Patterns of Treatment Use and Barriers to Care Among Hospitalized Adults with HIV

This study explores utilization of treatment for HIV and barriers to care among 22 low-income adults of color who were hospitalized at an urban medical center in New York City. A semistructured interview assessing use of medical care and adherence to HIV medications, psychosocial stressors (e.g., social support, substance abuse, and mental health need), and logistical, perceptual, and environmental barriers to treatment was administered during the participants' hospital stay. Results showed that most of the sample had a regular source of outpatient care; however, very few were consistently connected to services. Further, the majority of respondents either skipped dosages or was not taking HIV medications all together. Untreated mental health and substance abuse difficulties, competing needs (e.g., housing, economic), unsafe living environments, negative views of treatment, and lack of social support were cited as contributing to treatment underuse. These findings suggest highly disadvantaged populations f...
Investigation of optical properties of aging soot

The optical properties of soot, in particular the propensity of soot to absorb and scatter light as a function of wavelength, are key parameters for the correct interpretation of soot optical diagnostics. An overview of the data available in the literature highlights the differences in the reported optical properties of aging soot. In many cases, the properties of mature soot are used when evaluating in-flame soot but this assumption might not be suitable for all conditions and should be checked. This need has been demonstrated by performed spectral resolved line-of-sight attenuation (Spec-LOSA) measurements on an ethylene/air premixed and non-premixed flame. Transmission electron microscopy of thermophoretically sampled soot was also performed to qualify the soot aging and to establish soot morphology in order to correct light extinction coefficients for the scattering contribution. The measured refractive index absorption function, E(m) λ , showed a very strong spectral dependence which also varied with height above the burner for both flames. However, above 700 nm, the slope of the refractive index function was near zero for both flames and all measurement heights. The upper visible and near infrared wavelengths are therefore recommended for soot optical measurements.
Fertility Preservation in Young Women with Breast Cancer

Approximately 10,000 cases of breast cancer are diagnosed in women younger than 40 years of age each year in the United States. This creates a population of young women with breast cancer who may have not started or completed their family. Given that technology and treatment have improved outcomes for these women, quality of life issues, such as fertility preservation, must be considered. This review examines breast cancer patient and physician attitudes toward fertility preservation, ovarian toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents, fertility preservation options for breast cancer patients, and the safety of subsequent pregnancies for these women.
Lessons from a field experiment involving involuntary subjects 3,000 miles away

Objectives Describe the challenges involved in conducting field experiments that entail a long distance between the research team and the research site.
Excising the ‚Mon Paradigm’ from Burmese historiography

The mists of Ramanna: The legend that was Lower Burma By MICHAEL A. AUNG-THWIN Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2005. Pp. xi, 432. Maps, Figures, Photographs, Notes, Bibliography, Index. This is a consistently ambitious, frequently brilliant, basically successful attempt to reconfigure early Burmese historiography. Michael Aung-Thwin, author of earlier revisionist inquiries into Burmese historiography, sets out in this book to destroy root and branch what he terms the cMon Paradigm'. This is the thesis, propounded by British colonial historians, that from the mid-eleventh century the Theravada Buddhist culture of the Mon people in what is now coastal Burma civilised the Burmese-speaking population of the interior. The Mons of Lower Burma were credited with introducing to the charter civilisation of Pagan in Upper Burma not only Theravada Buddhism, but also basic notions of kingship, Pagan's temple architecture and fine arts, and the system of Burmese writing. And because Pagan provided the foundation for all subsequent culture, the 'Mon Paradigm' implies that Mons were the ultimate creators of Burmese civilisation in its most general sense. Such a view, Aung-Thwin argues, was consistent with the colonial project to minimise the achievement of the Burman majority,1 to exalt ethnicity and to divide the general population along ethnic lines, and thus to solidify British political control. This colonial-derived, ethnicised interpretation, he argues, continues to distort our understandings of Burma's pre-colonial past. According to The mists of Ramanna, virtually every tenet of received wisdom on early Mon-Burman relations is wrong. That is to say, there was no Mon kingdom in Lower Burma prior to the development of Pagan. There was no conquest of the Mon city of Thaton by the Burman King Aniruddha in 1057. And there was no civilising of Upper Burma from the coast. On the contrary, the coast imported basic motifs from the interior: Pagan was responsible for developing a writing system, an advanced culture and
Variational calculations on K−-deuterium Elastic Scattering

In the multiple-scattering theory of K−-deuterium interactions, the first-order correction to the zeroth-order (asymptotic) value of the K−-deuterium elastic scattering amplitude is calculated, using Kohn’s variational method for nuclear collisions. A comparison between the variational and the transition probability methods for the calculation of K−-d elastic scattering amplitude shows that as a function of K− momentum, the variational method gives slightly smaller values of the scattering amplitude.
Science and Constraint: The Role of Science within Theology

: The conversation between theology and science has accomplished much, yet the question of how to determine the limits of such dialogue—and whether there are limits at all—remains open. Key questions involve the degree to which science should constrain theology and the manner in which theology can influence science. Arthur Peacocke and Robert J. Russell provide sample methods by which theology can engage science. Peacocke's method emphasizes the influence of science on theology, while Russell's focuses on theology's influence on science. Both emphases will be required for theology's continued engagement with science.
A comparison of the latent class structure of cannabis problems among adult men and women who have used cannabis repeatedly

Background Little empirical evidence exists to determine if there are alternative classification schemes for cannabis abuse and dependence beyond the definitions provided by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) criteria. Current evidence is not conclusive regarding gender differences for cannabis use, abuse and dependence. It is not known if symptom profiles differ by gender. Methods Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to assess whether cannabis abuse and dependence symptom patterns suggest a severity spectrum or distinct subtypes and to test whether symptom patterns differ by gender. Data from 3312 men and 2509 women in the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey (NLAES) who had used cannabis 12 + times life-time were included in the present analyses. The comparability of the solutions for men and women was examined through likelihood ratio χ2 tests. Results Based on the Bayesian information criterion and interpretability, a four-class solution was selected, and the classes were labeled as ‘unaffected/mild hazardous use’, ‘hazardous use/abuse’, ‘abuse/moderate dependence’ and ‘severe abuse/dependence’. The solutions were generally suggestive of a severity spectrum. Compared to men, women were more likely to be in the ‘unaffected/mild hazardous use’ class and less likely to be in the ‘abuse/moderate dependence’ or ‘severe abuse/dependence’ classes. The results were generally similar for men and women. However, men had consistently and substantially higher endorsements of hazardous use than women, women in the ‘abuse/moderate dependence’ class had moderately higher rates for four dependence symptoms, and women in two of the classes were more likely to endorse withdrawal. Conclusion Our findings generally support the severity dimension for DSM-IV cannabis abuse and dependence symptomatology for both men and women. While our results indicate that public health messages may have generic and not gender-specific content, treatment providers should focus more effort on reducing hazardous use in men and alleviating withdrawal in women.
Spinodal phase decomposition with dissipative fluid dynamics

The spinodal amplification of density fluctuations is treated perturbatively within dissipative fluid dynamics including not only shear and bulk viscosity but also heat conduction, as well as a gradient term in the local pressure. The degree of spinodal amplification is calculated along specific dynamical phase trajectories and the results suggest that the effect can be greatly enhanced by tuning the collision energy so that maximum compression occurs inside the region of spinodal instability.
Logistics of therapy with the ibritumomab tiuxetan regimen

Radioimmunotherapy is an important new modality for treating patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Clinical trials have shown the safety and efficacy of agents that deliver radiation directly to malignant cells by attaching the (131)I or (90)Y radionuclide to monoclonal antibodies against CD20. In clinical trials, (90)Y ibritumomab tiuxetan has produced rates of response as high as 83% in patients with relapsed or refractory CD20+ NHL. The ibritumomab tiuxetan regimen is conveniently given in an outpatient setting over the course of 7-9 days. This article describes the logistics for initiating treatment, coordinating a multidisciplinary team, identifying eligible patients, and delivering the imaging and therapeutic doses of ibritumomab tiuxetan. The standard radiation safety procedures to protect family members and healthcare professionals involved in the care of patients treated with (90)Y ibritumomab tiuxetan are also reviewed. Treatment with the ibritumomab tiuxetan regimen involves only standard precautions needed to minimize radiation exposure to other persons.
Modeling of CO2-selective water gas shift membrane reactor for fuel cell

Abstract Water gas shift (WGS) reaction is critical to hydrogen purification for fuel cells. Being reversible and exothermic, the WGS reaction in the traditional fixed bed reactor is not efficient. Using a CO 2 -selective membrane reactor shifts the reaction towards the product side, which enhances the conversion of CO and increases the purity of the H 2 product at a high pressure. The simultaneous reaction and transport process in the countercurrent WGS membrane reactor was simulated by using a one-dimensional non-isothermal model, and the effect of several system parameters including CO 2 /H 2 selectivity, CO 2 permeability, and sweep-to-feed molar flow rate ratio were investigated. The synthesis gases from both autothermal reforming and steam reforming were used as the feed gas, while heated air was used as the sweep gas. A published WGS reaction rate expression with the commercial Cu/ZnO catalyst was incorporated into the model. The modeling results show that a CO concentration of less than 10 ppm, a H 2 recovery of greater than 97%, and a H 2 concentration of greater than 54% (on the dry basis) are achievable from autothermal reforming syngas. If steam reforming syngas is used as the feed gas, H 2 concentration can be as high as 99.64% (on the dry basis).
Novel Speckle-Tracking Radial Strain From Routine Black-and-White Echocardiographic Images to Quantify Dyssynchrony and Predict Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Background— Mechanical dyssynchrony is a potential means to predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We hypothesized that novel echocardiographic image speckle tracking can quantify dyssynchrony and predict response to CRT. Methods and Results— Seventy-four subjects were studied: 64 heart failure patients undergoing CRT (aged 64±12 years, ejection fraction 26±6%, QRS duration 157±28 ms) and 10 normal controls. Speckle tracking applied to routine midventricular short-axis images calculated radial strain from multiple circumferential points averaged to 6 standard segments. Dyssynchrony from timing of speckle-tracking peak radial strain was correlated with tissue Doppler measures in 47 subjects (r=0.94, P<0.001; 95% CI 0.90 to 0.96). The ability of baseline speckle-tracking radial dyssynchrony (time difference in peak septal wall–to–posterior wall strain ≥130 ms) to predict response to CRT was then tested. It predicted an immediate increase in stroke volume in 48 patients studied the day ...
Abnormal Secretion of Glycoprotein α-Subunit and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) β-Subunit in Men with Pituitary Adenomas and FSH Hypersecretion

The serum concentrations of the glycoprotein α-subunit and the FSH β-subunit were determined basally and in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in 12 men who had pituitary adenomas associated with selective hypersecretion of FSH. The same determinations were also made in men who had primary hypogonadism and serum FSH concentrations elevated to a degree similar to that of the men who had pituitary adenomas, as well as in two groups of normal men matched in age to the men with pituitary adenomas and the men with primary hypogonadism, respectively. Because intact FSH cross-reacted in the α-subunit and FSH β-subunit assays and intact LH cross-reacted in the α-subunit assay, the values for serum concentrations of both subunits were corrected for the contributions of the intact hormones. The FSH β-subunit was also determined in post-GnRH sera after separating it from intact FSH by gel filtration chromatography. The serum α-subunit response to GnRH was less in the men who had pituitary adenomas tha...
The Unicon, A Universal Nuclear Imaging Construct

A multipurpose nuclear imaging system is under development at Brookhaven National Laboratory, featuring two large field of view scintillation cameras on a rotating gantry. The system can image single photon as well as positron emitting nuclide distributions. The energy of all events in a wide range (approximately 50 KeV to 1 MeV) can be digitized for event by event (list mode) acquisition. This allows distributions of multiple isotopes to be imaged simultaneously, or optimization of sensitivity for single isotopes by weighting of off-peak events. In static mode the detectors can be mounted with seven pinhole collimators with perpendicular axes to permit dynamic analysis such as T1-201 uptake in the myocardium. An important aspect of the UNICON is the data processing system, including a PDP 11/34 with image display system, and a VAX 11/780 with an array processor for image processing.
Technique and early clinical results of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL)

Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) is a new technique designed to be used instead of sclerotherapy. Small elastic "O" rings ligate varices resulting in their strangulation and eradication. During a 12-month period, EVL was employed in 53 consecutive patients, of whom 36 (68%) had alcoholic cirrhosis 17 were Child-Pugh class A, 22 class B, and 14 class C. Varices were graded from I to IV and repeat treatments were given at 1-2 week intervals until the varices were eliminated. At follow-up ranging from 6-18 months (mean 11.5), 217 EVL treatment sessions had been performed. Of the 13 patients (24%) who died during the study, 11 died during the index hospitalization. Active bleeding was controlled in 19 of 21 patients (90%). Of 40 survivors 13 patients (33%) had 1-2 (mean 1.4) recurrent variceal bleeds while 34 patients had repeat EVL treatment. Elimination of distal varices was achieved in 26 and 7 had reduction of varices from grade III-IV to grade I-II or less. Eradication required a mean of 4.4 EVL sessions in Child's A and B patients and 7.0 sessions in Child's C patients (P less than 0.025). No significant treatment-related complications were observed. EVL appears to control active bleeding, is associated with a low incidence of non-bleeding complications, and may be used as an alternative to sclerotherapy.
The effect of asymmetrical signal degradation on binaural speech recognition in children and adults.

To determine the effect of asymmetrical signal degradation on binaural speech recognition, 28 children and 14 adults were administered a sentence recognition task amidst multitalker babble. There were 3 listening conditions: (a) monaural, with mild degradation in 1 ear; (b) binaural, with mild degradation in both ears (symmetric degradation); and (c) binaural, with mild degradation in one ear and severe degradation in the other ear (asymmetric degradation). Sentences and babble were degraded digitally to simulate mild and severe cochlear hearing loss. All participants demonstrated significant binaural advantage (average of 7 dB) when listening to symmetrically degraded signals as compared to when listening monaurally. In contrast, adults and children achieved little or no binaural benefit, on average, when listening to asymmetrically degraded signals. Moreover, overall performance of the adults was significantly worse when listening to binaural asymmetrically degraded signals than when listening to monaur...
Protein conformational space in higher order ϕ-Ψ maps

We have mapped protein conformational space from two to seven residue lengths by employing multidimensional scaling on a data matrix composed of pair-wise angular distances for multiple ϕ-Ψ values collected from high-resolution protein structures. The resulting global maps show clustering of peptide conformations that reveals a dramatic reduction of conformational space as sampled by experimentally observed peptides. Each map can be viewed as a higher order ϕ-Ψ plot defining regions of space that are conformationally allowed.
Crystallization kinetics for simulation of processing of various polyesters

The approach to determine crystallization kinetic parameters based on the DSC nonisothermal crystallization experiments is applied to poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) (PEN). The differential form of the Nakamura equation and master curve approach are used. The isothermal induction times are obtained from nonisothermal induction times according to the concept of induction time index. The correction of temperature lag between the DSC furnace and the sample is incorporated. The corrected nonisothermal crystallization kinetic data is shifted with respect to an arbitrarily chosen reference temperature to obtain the master curve. By fitting the obtained master curve with the Hoffman-Lauritzen equation, the model parameters for the crystallization rate constant are obtained. The relative crystallinity measured at different cooling and heating rates is described by these model parameters. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl PolymSci 102: 2847–2855, 2006
Purification and characterization of a purine-nucleoside phosphorylase from bovine thyroid.

Abstract A purine-nucleoside phosphorylase (purine-nucleoside:orthophosphate ribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.1) from bovine thyroid tissue has been purified 670-fold utilizing the techniques of ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange and molecular-exclusion chromatography, and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The protein has an apparent molecular weight of 90,000, a single isoelectric point at 5.6, and a Michaelis constant of 0.028 m m for inosine. Double-reciprocal plots of the reaction rate for the phosphorylase-catalyzed reaction versus phosphate or arsenate concentration display a downward trend at high substrate concentrations. Two apparent Michaelis constants of 0.38 and 1.49 m m were determined for phosphate.
On the local stability analysis of the approximate harmonic balance solutions

Periodic response of nonlinear oscillators is usually determined by approximate methods. In the "steady state" type methods, first an approximate solution for the steady state periodic response is determined, and then the local stability of this solution is determined by analyzing the equation of motion linearized about this predicted "solution". An exact stability analysis of this linear variational equation can provide erroneous stability type information about the approximate solutions. It is shown that a consistent stability type information about these solutions can be obtained only when the linearized variational equation is analyzed by approximate methods, and the level of accuracy of this analysis is consistent with that of the approximate solutions. It is demonstrated that these consistent stability results do not imply that the approximate solution is qualitatively correct. It is also shown that the difference between an approximate and the next higher order stability analysis can be used to "guess" the role of higher harmonics in the periodic response. This trial and error procedure can be used to ensure the qualitatively correct and numerically accurate nature of the approximate solutions and the corresponding stability analysis.
PRODUCTION OF HYPERTENSION AND VASCULAR DISEASE BY KIDNEY EXTRACTS.

Hypertension was induced in rats by constricting the aorta between the origins of the renal arteries. The left kidney, which became ischemic and atrophic ("endocrine kidney"), caused a malignant type of hypertension associated with weight loss, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, cardiac necrosis, nephrosclerosis of the right kidney, and arteritis. Amounts of pressor substances were increased in the left kidney and decreased in the right as compared with those in kidneys of normal rats. Aqueous extracts of ischemic kidneys, of kidneys contralateral to ischemic kidneys and of normal kidneys were prepared and the supernatant solutions were injected subcutaneously into test rats which had been uninephrectomized a few hours previously. Extracts of ischemic kidneys caused hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, weight loss, and renal and vascular lesions mimicking the signs which result from renal ischemia. The extracts from the other kidneys were inactive. Administration of renin in doses roughly equivalent in pressor activity to the extracts of ischemic kidneys caused a rise in pressure, diuresis, and proteinuria but no lesions when given subcutaneously. It is proposed as a working hypothesis that renal hypertensive disease results not only from increased secretion of renin and formation of angiotensin but from simultaneous release from kidneys with reduced perfusion pressure of a substance which augments the enzymatic formation of angiotensin. This substance is presumably absent from normal kidneys and from semipurified renin preparations.
Toward an understanding of the child's experience in a Montessori Early Head Start program

Ce compte-rendu fait etat du developpement d'une approche multimethodique a la comprehension des processus dans un programme Early Head Start se trouvant dans un local a soi, les programmes Early Head Start etant des programmes de prevention et d'aide gouvernementale a la petite enfance defavorisee aux Etats-Unis d'Amerique. La methode, qui combine les evaluations de l'enseignant avec l'observation des participants et des entretiens informels avec les familles, offre une approche a la comprehension de l'experience de l'intervention dans la petite enfance. Cette approche integre differentes perspectives. Cet article met l'accent sur l'utilisation de donnees venant de trois etudes de cas pour illustrer une maniere de combiner ces deux orientations differentes. Nous placons cette approche basee sur des etudes de cas au sein d'une structure plus large de facons dont les donnees qualitatives et quantitatives peuvent etre combinees pour mieux comprendre la maniere dont les programmes sont offerts et aussi vecus par les enfants qui y participent et leurs familles.
The Biomechanics of Prehension

Occupational therapists who work with people who have physical dysfunctions are often involved in the treatment of hand injuries or disabilities. This article describes some of the mechanical principles that affect hand function, including kinematics, kinetics (force and torque), friction, stress, and strain. Practical occupational therapy examples are used to explain these principles. Language: en
Deterministic service guarantees in IEEE 802.12 networks—part I: the single-hub case

We study the problem of allocating resources in single-hub and cascaded 802.12 networks. We show that the use of the 802.12 high-priority access mechanism, when combined with admission control, allows the network to provide small deterministic delay bounds in large cascaded network topologies with potentially many hundreds of hosts. The first part of this work is to analyze relevant 802.12 network performance parameters. In the second part, we describe the scheduling model and define the admission control conditions. Experimental results received with a UNIX kernel-based implementation in a standard 802.12 test network confirm our theoretical results for network parameters, throughput, and delay bounds. In this paper, the single-hub topology is analyzed.
Self-Assembly of Brome Mosaic Virus Capsids: Insights from Shorter Time-Scale Experiments†

An amended kinetic model for the self-assembly of empty capsids of brome mosaic virus is proposed. The model has been modified to account for a new feature in the assembly kinetics revealed by time-course light scattering experiments at higher temporal resolution than previously attempted. To be able to simulate the sharp takeoff from the initial lag phase to the growth phase in the kinetic curves, a monomer activation step was proposed.
Medial Medullary Syndrome in a Drug Abuser

A 28-year-old woman with a long history of drug abuse experienced flaccid quadriplegia and bilateral loss of posterior column sensation a few minutes after an intravenous (IV) injection of methylphenidate hydrochloride. Subsequently, spasticity developed and she showed minimal functional improvement during a period of several months. Necropsy performed 8 1/2 months later showed systemic granulomatosis due to talc and two ischemic infarctions, one involving both medial medullary areas and the other involving the left frontal lobe. Deposits of talc, presumably from a medication prepared for oral use, were demonstrated in the small vessels in the area of the medullary infarction. This case is unique in that the medial medullary syndrome was apparently caused by an embolus of talc following its IV administration.