cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and equilibrium binding studies of cationic, two-coordinate gold(I) π-alkyne complexes.

Abstract Reaction of a 1:1 mixture of (L)AuCl [L = P(t-Bu)2o-biphenyl or IPr] and AgSbF6 with internal alkynes led to isolation of the corresponding cationic, two-coordinate gold π-alkyne complexes in ≥ 90% yield. Equilibrium binding studies show that the binding affinities of alkynes to gold(I) are strongly affected by the electron density of the alkyne and to a lesser extent on the steric bulk of the alkyne. These substituent effects on alkyne binding affinity are greater than are the differences between the inherent binding affinities of alkynes and alkenes to gold(I).
Submassive Pulmonary Embolism

The US Surgeon General estimates that 100 000 to 180 000 deaths occur annually from acute pulmonary embolism (PE) in the United States. The case of Ms A, a 60-year-old woman with acute PE and right ventricular dysfunction (submassive PE), illustrates the clinical challenge of identifying this high-risk patient population and determining when more aggressive immediate therapy should be pursued in addition to standard anticoagulation. The clinical examination, electrocardiogram, cardiac biomarkers, chest computed tomography, and echocardiography can be used to risk stratify patients with acute PE. Current options for more aggressive intervention in the treatment of patients with acute PE who are at increased risk of an adverse clinical course include systemic fibrinolysis, pharmacomechanical catheter-directed therapy, surgical pulmonary embolectomy, and inferior vena cava filter insertion. Determination of the optimal duration of anticoagulation and lifestyle modification to reduce overall cardiovascular risk are critical components of the long-term therapy of patients with acute PE.
Motion selectivity and the contrast-response function of simple cells in the visual cortex.

The responses of simple cells were recorded from the visual cortex of cats, as a function of the position and contrast of counterphase and drifting grating patterns, to assess whether direction selectivity can be accounted for on the basis of linear summation. The expected responses to a counterphase grating, given a strictly linear model, would be the sum of the responses to the two drifting components. The measured responses were not consistent with the linear prediction. For example, nearly all cells showed two positions where the responses approached zero (i.e. two "null phase positions"); this was true, even for the most direction selective cells. However, the measured responses were consistent with the hypothesis that direction selectivity is a consequence of the linear spatiotemporal receptive-field structure, coupled with the nonlinearities revealed by the contrast-response function: contrast gain control, halfwave rectification, and expansive exponent. When arranged in a particular sequence, each of these linear and nonlinear mechanisms performs a useful function in a general model of simple cells. The linear spatiotemporal receptive field initiates stimulus selectivity (for direction, orientation, spatial frequency, etc.). The expansive response exponent enhances selectivity. The contrast-set gain control maintains selectivity (over a wide range of contrasts, in spite of the limited dynamic response range and steep slope of the contrast-response function). Rectification conserves metabolic energy.
Trust, transparency & control in inferred user interest models

This paper explores the importance of transparency and control to users in the context of inferred user interests. More specifically, we illustrate the association between various levels of control the users have on their inferred interests and users' trust in organizations that provide corresponding content. Our results indicate that users value transparency and control very differently. We segment users in two groups, one who states to not care about their personal interest model and another group that desires some level of control. We found substantial differences in trust impact between segments, depending on actual control option provided.
Further studies on the effect of tetracycline on the developing skeleton of the chick embryo.

At intervals from 2 to 13 days of incubation, 2.5 mg of tetracycline hydrochloride was injected into the yolk sac of chick embryos. The femurs and mandibles were examined histologically at intervals between 10 and 17 days of embryonic age. The abnormalities which result include inhibition of mineralization of the developing osteoid trabeculae, retardation of erosion of the long bone cartilage model, and abnormal calcification of the cartilage matrix in the long bones. The major effects on cartilage maturation appear to occur after cellular hypertrophy has taken place and thus are found only in cartilage models which are being replaced by bone. While tetracycline does cause some retardation in the rate of osteoid deposition, the drug appears to affect intramembraneous bone formation in the mandible and femur primarily by retarding or temporarily inhibiting the rate of mineralization of the osteoid matrix. The results of this study indicate that the effects produced by tetracycline on developing bones are dependent upon the concentration of the drug and not upon the time of administration.
Channel Height and Jet Spacing Effect on Heat Transfer and Uniformity Coefficient on an Inline Row Impingement Channel

Future high performance turbine airfoils will likely be cooled in a near wall configuration, potentially employing a combination of narrow, distributed internal cooling channels and impingement. In such applications, the jets impinge against a target surface, and then exit along the channel formed by the jet plate, target plate, and side walls. Local convection coefficients are the result of both the jet impact, as well as the channel flow produced from the exiting jets and the complex interaction between the jet and the cross flow. Numerous studies have explored the effects of jet array and channel configurations on both target and jet plate heat transfer coefficients, yet with little consideration of thermal stress related effects. A detailed study on the uniformity coefficient that these jets and cross flow generate on the surface is carried out. It is important to maintain a high uniformity coefficient while still having a high heat transfer coefficients to reduce thermal stresses. It is also important to use as little flow as possible while maintaining a high heat transfer coefficient. The study presented experimentally investigates the effects of wall height, jet Reynolds number, and jet spacing on the Nusselt number and uniformity of a narrow inline row impingement channel. The channel height was set at 1, 3, and 5 diameters, jet spacing was 5 and 15 diameters, and the channel width was kept constant at 4 diameters. Although heat transfer coefficients are highly sensitive to the jet Reynolds number and channel height, the uniformity of the distribution is mainly governed by the channel height and jet spacing. A channel height of 3 jet diameters tended to produce the best uniformity coefficients, regardless of the jet to jet spacing; with side walls out performing target surfaces.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Presidential Debate Watching, Issue Knowledge, Character Evaluation, and Vote Choice

This study employs NES (National Election Survey) data from several presidential elections to investigate the effects of presidential debate watching on voters' issue knowledge, character evaluation, and vote choice. Debates can instill issue knowledge; however, voters are less likely to learn about incumbent presidents seeking re-election after a four-year term in office than about other candidates. Debates are also capable of changing voters' impressions of the candidates' character. Finally, at times debates help viewers make a vote choice; they are more likely to strengthen existing preferences (increasing confidence in their vote choice) than alter vote preferences.
The Electrocardiogram in Heart Disease Detection A Comparison of the Multiple and Single Lead Procedures

In a study of a group of 2000 volunteers in a New England community the authors compare the relative merits of the 12-lead and a simplified lead I electrocardiogram in the detection of heart disease. The contribution the electrocardiograph would make if included in a heart disease screening program is evaluated. A possible heart disease screening method is suggested.
Ultraviolet radiation stimulates the release of arachidonic acid from mammalian cells in culture.

— C3H 10T½ cells in culture were prelabelled with [3H]arachidonic acid and exposed to UVB radiation. Almost immediately after irradiation cells released labelled arachidonate metabolites into media in a dose dependent manner. This release was inhibited by removing calcium ions from the system and by the addition of dexamethasone and parabromophenacyl bromide to the system. This suggests that the UVB stimulated release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids is, in part, mediated by a phospholipase A2 enzyme system. Thin layer chromatographic examination of media extracts revealed a dose dependent UVB stimulation of prostaglandin production by cultured cells.
Influence of water on the solubility of two steroid drugs in hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) propellants.

The objective of this research work was to investigate the influence of water level, temperature, and propellant composition on the solubility of two hydrophobic steroid drugs, triamcinolone acetonide (TAA) and beclomethasone diapropionate (BDP). pMDIs containing TAA or BDP, spiked water, and propellant blend with different ratios of HFA 134a and HFA 227 were prepared. The contents of the prepared pMDIs were filtered through a 0.22 mm Acrodisc, syringe filter into a receiving canister after the pMDIs were equilibrated at 15°C, 25°C, 30°C, and 40°C. The drug concentration in the receiving canisters was determined by HPLC and the drug solubility in the propellant blend was calculated. Also, the drug crystal collected on the filter from the donor pMDIs were characterized by x-ray diffraction. The solubility of TAA and BDP varied with propellant composition at all experimental temperatures investigated. The solubility of TAA and BDP increased as the temperature was increased at all propellant compositions and...
Workplace racial composition, perceived discrimination, and organizational attachment.

Prior research has devoted considerable attention to the relationship between the racial and ethnic composition of jobs and various indicators of organizational attachment. Fewer studies, however, examine how workplace racial composition affects individuals’ experiences of racial discrimination or how these experiences impact workers’ organizational attachment. To address this lacuna, we first examine the effects of workplace racial composition on perceived racial and ethnic discrimination. Next, we examine whether perceived racial discrimination mediates the association between racial composition and organizational attachment observed in prior studies. Finally, we explore whether these relationships are similar (symmetric) or different (non-symmetric) for non-Whites and Whites. The analyses indicate: (1) working with predominately same-race coworkers tends to diminish perceptions of racial discrimination, (2) perceived racial discrimination mediates some of the effects of racial/ethnic composition on organizational attachment, and (3) some non-symmetric effects between non-Whites and Whites are found. We conclude with implications for future research.
Functional alterations induced by fusarium T-2 toxin in Madin-Darby bovine Kidney (MDBK) and primary fetal bovine Kidney (PFBK) cultures.

We recently reported that primary fetal bovine Kidney (PFBK) cells were consistently more sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of fusarium T-2 toxin than Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells in culture. The present report examined the influence of T-2 on selected biochemical parameters of these two culture types. T-2 toxin inhibited incorporation of labeled thymidine, uridine, and leucine in both culture types; at lower concentrations of the toxin, PFBK cells were affected to a greater extent than MDBK cells. T-2 toxin inhibited both the transport of thymidine as well as thymidine incorporation into macromolecules in MDBK cells during initial periods, but did not affect uridine incorporation. The cellular enzymes, K+- dependent phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase were inhibited in MDBK but not in PFBK cultures; acid phosphatase was not influenced in either culture types. In a cell-free system none of the above enzymes were affected by T-2 until the toxin concentration exceeded 10−5M.
Preconception care for people living with HIV: Recommendations for advancing implementation

Globally research has documented high fertility desires and intentions among HIV-positive women. Improving implementation of preconception care (PCC) for people living with HIV is critical given estimates that the majority of HIV-positive women who want future biological children have not received reproductive counseling largely due to a lack of provider-initiated conversations. This article offers initial recommendations and outlines key considerations for a research agenda to advance PCC implementation efforts in both high-resource and low-resource settings. We consider who should provide PCC; where it can be effectively delivered; when it should be offered; and two potential implementation models depending on available resources. We conclude with a call for PCC-specific implementation science and research translation to help people living with HIV achieve their reproductive goals.
Endogenous Protein Kinase Inhibitor γ Terminates Immediate-early Gene Expression Induced by cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase (PKA) Signaling TERMINATION DEPENDS ON PKA INACTIVATION RATHER THAN PKA EXPORT FROM THE NUCLEUS

Expression of many genes induced by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) signaling is rapidly terminated. Although many mechanisms contribute to regulation of PKA signaling, members of the endogenous protein kinase inhibitor (PKI) family may be particularly important for terminating nuclear PKA activity and gene expression. Here we used both siRNA and antisense knockdown strategies to examine PKA signaling activated by parathyroid hormone or the β-adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol. We found that endogenous PKIγ is required for efficient termination of nuclear PKA activity, transcription factor phosphorylation, and immediate-early genes. Moreover, PKIγ is required for export of PKA catalytic subunits from the nucleus back to the cytoplasm following activation of PKA signaling because this is also inhibited by PKIγ knockdown. Leptomycin B blocks PKA nuclear export but has little or no effect on nuclear PKA activity or immediate-early gene expression. Thus, inactivation of PKA activity in the nucleus is sufficient to terminate signaling, and nuclear export is not required. These results were the first in any cell type showing that endogenous levels of PKI regulate PKA signaling.
Non-Viral Causes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer worldwide. The vast majority of cases occur in individuals with a chronic HBV or HCV infection. In addition, a number of metabolic diseases of the liver are associated with the development of HCC.
Microfluidic Patterning of Miniaturized DNA Arrays on Plastic Substrates

This paper describes the patterning of DNA arrays on plastic surfaces using an elastomeric, two-dimensional microcapillary system (muCS). Fluidic structures were realized through hot-embossing lithography using Versaflex CL30. Like elastomers based on poly(dimethylsiloxane), this thermoplastic block copolymer is able to seal a surface in a reversible manner, making it possible to confine DNA probes with a level of control that is unparalleled using standard microspotting techniques. We focus on muCSs that support arrays comprising up to 2 x 48 spots, each being 45 mum in diameter. Substrates were fabricated from two hard thermoplastic materials, poly(methylmethacrylate) and a polycyclic olefin (e.g., Zeonor 1060R), which were both activated with 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide to mediate covalent attachment of DNA molecules. The approach was exemplified by using 0.25-32 muM solutions of amino-modified oligonucleotides labeled with either Cy3 or Cy5 fluorescent dye in phosphate-buffered saline, allowing for a direct and sensitive characterization of the printed arrays. Solutions were incubated for durations of 1 to >48 h at 22, 30, and 40 degrees C to probe the conditions for obtaining uniform spots of high fluorescence intensity. The length (l) and depth (d) of microfluidic supply channels were both important with respect to depletion as well as evaporation of the solvent. While selective activation of the substrate proved helpful to limit unproductive loss of oligonucleotides along trajectories, incubation of solution in a humid environment was necessary to prevent uncontrolled drying of the liquid, keeping the immobilization process intact over extended periods of time. When combined, these strategies effectively promoted the formation of high-quality DNA arrays, making it possible to arrange multiple probes in parallel with a high degree of uniformity. Moreover, we show that resultant arrays are compatible with standard hybridization protocols, which allowed for reliable discrimination of individual strands when exposed to a specific ssDNA target molecule.
Are Our Methods any Good? A Way to Find Out

This paper proposes that the Human Factors Society undertake to collect information from Human Factors specialists working in system development about the adequacy of the behavioral methods they use, the conditions under which these methods are applied and the success or failure of the methodolgical outputs. Information would be provided on a continuing basis by society members who wish to contribute anonymously by providing information of historical importance. Language: en
Predicting the composite hardness of continuously cooled steels using isothermal time-temperature-transformation data

Abstract A computational scheme to calculate composite hardness for the continuous cooling of a eutectoid steel has been proposed assuming site saturation nucleation in the first 1% of transformation. The scheme has been found to predict to within ±3 Rc increments the hardness contours for a Jominy test and a Grossman test. Transformation kinetics applied to the TTT diagram suggests that while site saturation in the first 1% of transformation is not strictly observed, 42% of the nodules are nucleated in this portion of the transformation and subsequently account for the majority of the transformation. Extension of the range of application of the method to noneutectoid steels appears promising when the transformation can be assumed to proceed in a continuous manner. It has been suggested that discontinuous transformations may also be treated with a slight modification of the proposed method.
DESIGNING AND OPERATING SAFER HIGHWAYS FOR OLDER DRIVERS: PRESENT AND FUTURE RESEARCH ISSUES

A major shift is occurring in the population age distribution resulting in a growing number of older persons with an increasing demand for mobility. For a variety of reasons, meeting the present and future mobility needs of older persons will depend primarilary on the automobile. This paper will discuss key issues related to ongoing and planned research sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to improve the mobility and safety of older drivers and pedestrians. The scope of FHWA research activities concerns aspects of highway design and operations that involve direct user interface. For example, geometric design and traffic control device standards explicitly consider quantifiable driver characteristics such as perception-reaction time or visual acuity. Ongoing research is addressing the extent to which existing traffic control device elements accommodate drivers with age-related diminished performance capabilities. Current work is testing older driver responses to brighter and larger signs with varying legend spacing and font characteristics in order to make recommended changes to existing highway signing standards. Older driver perception-reaction time is being evaluated in a variety of intersection, stopping, and decision sight distance situations. Studies are also underway to improve pavement markings and delineation systems to enhance their utility for older drivers. Driving simulation and field methods are being used to investigate vehicle maneuvers which cause difficulties for older drivers so that improvements can be made to highway design and operations. Future studies will determine the capabilities and limitations of older pedestrians, address the visibility problems of symbol signs and changeable message signs, and investigate all aspects of intersection design and operations in light of older driver and pedestrian capabilities. Language: en
Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of Infrared-Luminous Galaxies with Subarcsecond Resolution

Low spectral resolution (Δλ/λ ~ 50) mid-infrared observations with high angular resolution (0."3–0."5) using the Long Wavelength Spectrometer on the Keck I Telescope are reported of the nuclei of five highly luminous infrared-bright galaxies. Spectra of eight distinct nuclei, ranging in luminosity from ~10^(11) to more than 10^(12) L_⊙ have been obtained. Four of the nuclei show the characteristic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission features, i.e., 11.3 μm emission, as well as the 8.6 μm shoulder of the 7.7 μm band. The other nuclei show either weak PAH emission bands or no evidence for these bands. The high spatial resolution of the observations reveals extended emission in the 11.3 μm PAH band associated with several of the compact nuclear sources. When proper account is taken of the diffuse PAH emission, most of the compact sources show little or no directly associated PAH emission. The diffuse PAH emission is extended over spatial scales of 100–500 pc; its presence shows that there is significant circumnuclear UV–optical emission exciting the aromatic bands, most likely associated with circumnuclear starbursts. After the spectra of the nuclear sources are corrected for the spectrum of the diffuse PAH emission, the peak apparent silicate optical depth at 9.7 μm can be as large as 15, corresponding to more than 150 mag of visible light extinction. Because of the large silicate optical depths, mid-infrared spectra are not probing the nature of the true nuclei in the most opaque compact sources.
Chemical Sensor Resolution Required for Measuring Surface Fluxes by Three Common Micrometeorological Techniques

We define the chemical or compositional resolution required to measure the surface emission/deposition flux of trace constituents under different meteorological conditions by means of the eddy correlation, gradient, and conditional sampling techniques. These chemical resolutions are defined for the full range of different atmospheric conditions and are reported in terms of commonly measured micrometeorological parameters.
The Efficiencies Defense in the 2010 Horizontal Merger Guidelines

We analyze the efficiencies defense that is contained in the 2010 Merger Guidelines, which provides the most current statement of the Agencies’ enforcement philosophy and procedure. Most of our attention centers on efficiencies in production, but we also address merger-specific efficiencies that may lead to improved product quality, enhanced services, or even to the introduction of entirely new products. We begin with the analytically clean case of merger-specific efficiencies that are accompanied by monopoly power. From the perspective of either consumer welfare or social welfare, this presents the welfare analysis that should guide merger policy. We, then, examine the errors that may arise due to the restricted role that efficiencies play in Section 7 enforcement. Finally, we close with some policy recommendations.
SENSORY-MODALITY SCALE FOR PRONOUNCEABILITY OF TRIGRAMS AND ITS RELATION TO FREE-RECALL LEARNING

Force of handgrip on a hand dynamometer was varied by 25 Ss to match the strength of their opinion regarding the difficulty of pronouncing each of 18 trigrams. Median settings of force correlated highly with the Underwood and Schulz pronounceability values. 30 new Ss were given 12 trials to learn the trigrams via the method of free recall. The sensory-modality pronounceability values, which constitute a ratio scale, and the Underwood and Schulz ratings, which constitute a category scale, were both negatively correlated with recall performance. The magnitudes of the correlations were similar for both types of pronounceability scales.
Design of a high power S-band amplifier utilizing a metamaterial interaction cavity

Summary form only given. We present the preliminary design of a high power amplifier with a metamaterial interaction cavity. The amplifier will operate in the S-band (3 GHz) frequency range with a peak power of 10 MW. The amplifier will utilize a 500 kV 80 A electron gun, which has been simulated using the code MICHELLE. Simulations of the gun and other major amplifier components are also discussed. Details of the various components in the amplifier design as well as the interaction cavity itself are presented. In addition, EM field and particle simulations of the interaction circuit are presented. The differences between the integration of a metamaterial interaction cavity and a traditional cavity are discussed.
Figures of Motion: Integrating Movement Theories in Clinical Practice

In this paper the author summarizes and illustrates with case examples her theory of the clinical significance of nonverbal interaction and the usefulness of her integration of aspects of movement theory to facilitate its recognition and analysis. In this discussion, she reviews the concepts of kinetic transference and countertransference, the kinetic temperament, embodied history, kinetic therapeutic action and the kinetic text. Case examples illustrate the clinical importance of recognizing various aspects of movement, namely, the qualities of tension change, preferred movement dimensions, and body attitude, which come meaningfully into patient-analyst interaction.
The adult T-cell receptor delta-chain is diverse and distinct from that of fetal thymocytes.

T lymphocytes recognize foreign molecules using the T-cell receptor (TCR), a disulphide-linked heterodimer closely associated with the CD3 polypeptide complex on the cell surface. The TCR αβ heterodimers seem largely responsible for the recognition properties of both helper (TH) and cytotoxic (Tc) T cells1,2. Recently, a second CDS-associated T-cell receptor heterodimer, γδ, has been described3–9. Cells bearing the γδ receptor appear before those bearing αβ during thymic ontogeny8,9 and persist as a minor component (1–10%) of mature peripheral T cells. Their function is unknown. As there are a limited number of functional TCR Vγ gene segments10, the size and potential diversity of the Vδ repertoire is important for the number of different antigens that may be recognized by γδ heterodimers. The δ-chain locus is located 75 kilobases (kb) 5′ to the TCR Cα coding region11,12, raising the possibility that the α and δ V-region repertoires may overlap. Also, analysis of rearrangements at the δ-chain locus in developing thymocytes shows distinct fetal and adult patterns11 indicating that there may be differences between the fetal and adult Vdelta; repertoires. To address these questions, we have characterized a large number of δ-containing complementary DNA clones from adult double-negative thymocytes (CD4–8–), an immature population that is enriched for γδ-bearing cells5. We find that a limited number of Vδ sequences are used, showing little overlap with known adult Vαs and differing significantly from fetal Vδs But as two D elements may participate simultaneously in Vδ gene assembly, and random nucleotides may be added at any one of three junctional points, the potential number of different δ chains that can be made in the adult thymus is very large (∼1013).
Late-glacial and holocene pollen diagrams from two endorheic lakes of the inte-andean plateau of ecuador

Abstract An 8.5 m sediment core from Yaguarcocha, a 2.5 km long volcanic lake, yields the first long pollen history of the American ecuador. Andean Weinmannia forest is shown to have persisted on the Inter-Andean Plateau since late-glacial times, although pollen data strongly suggest that the late-glacial had a drier climate than the Holocene. The record parallels that of the Galapagos islands, suggesting that the climatic history reflects that of the Eastern Pacific Ocean, not that of the Amazon basin. Radiocarbon and pollen dating of a 7.5 m from Lake Yambo shows that this deep graben lake first filled with water about 2700–24400 yr B.P. Pollen data reveal a record of local desert plants, together with records of the regional pollen rain of the Inter-Andean Plateau. Tropical forest pollen throughout the cores shoes that the eastern and western cordilleras of the Andes are not wholly effective as climatic barriers. Pollen data also reveal local evidence for a moist episode from 400 to 1200 A.D. (1600–1800 yr B.P.), confirming that regional flooding in the western Amazon was associated with regional events. The moist climate of the Inter-Andean Plateau may have influence the development of human cultures there.
Studies on the nature of resistance of Streptococcus faecalis to folic acid antagonists.

Abstract Mutants of Streptococcus faecalis were selected at different levels of amethopterin (“methotrexate”) in a medium containing pteroylglutamic acid(PGA). An increased capacity to reduce pteroylglutamic acid to the tetrahydro-level was a consistent characteristic of each of the resistant strains. The amount of aminopterin bound by the sensitive and resistant variants did not differ significantly. One highly resistant strain, which had been maintained for 2 years as a stock culture, took up much greater amounts of PGA and aminopterin than did the sensitive parent strain or the newly-selected resistant strains. This example of the concomitant occurrence of increased uptake and decreased effectiveness of a drug demonstrates the need for methods to study specific and non-specific binding in relation to drug resistance. An eighty-fold higher concentration of amethopterin relative to 4-amino-4-deoxy- 10 N-methylpteroic acid, was required to obtain comparable degrees of inhibition of the growth of this amethopterin-resistant strain. Similarly, an eighty-fold higher concentration of amethopterin was required to inhibit the conversion of PGA to folinic acid by the intact cells; however, the soluble enzyme in cell-free filtrates was equally sensitive to inhibition by the two antagonists. Additional studies are needed to explain the mechanisms by which the access of the inhibitors to the sensitive enzyme system is limited in the drug-resistant cells.
Do we have the end of Sophocles' Oedipus Tyrannus?*

The objections against the transmitted ending of OT (1424-1530) raised by scholars since the eighteenth century and most recently by R.D. Dawe deserve to be taken seriously, but only the last 63 lines (1468-1530, called B below) are open to truly serious objections, both verbal and dramaturgical. By contrast, objections against 1424-67 (called A below) are mostly slight, and in addition they are protected by an earlier passage in the play that seems to prepare the audience for Creon's demand that Oedipus re-enter the palace. A is genuine and gives us the end of the playas Sophocles wrote it: probably we have lost only a brief reply by Creon to Oedipus' requests and some choral anapaests. A postscript discusses the meaning of 1451-57. 1 argue that these look to the future (infinitive "persai" plus "han" standing for optative plus "han"), and that "epi toi deinoi kakoi" means that Oedipus is being saved 'for some dreadful mischief', i.e. to cause such mischief to others, an allusion to the cursing of his sons and its result, the war of the Seven against Thebes.
May–Thurner Syndrome Associated With Klippel–Trenaunay Syndrome

We present an unusual case of a 23-year-old man who had symptomatic lower extremity varicosities that have been present since birth. He was complaining of pain and swelling of several years duration. Evaluation revealed Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome with associated compression of the left common iliac vein by the overriding left common iliac artery (May-Thurner syndrome). The patient was treated with left common iliac vein stenting followed by high ligation and inversion stripping of his grossly incompetent left small saphenous vein, stripping of his aberrant left lateral embryonic veins, and also by multiple stab phlebectomies, with excellent early result.
Cutting edge: differential constitutive expression of functional receptors for lysophosphatidic acid by human blood lymphocytes.

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) from platelets and macrophages mediate T cell functions. Endothelial differentiation gene-encoded G protein-coupled receptors (Edg Rs) are specific for S1P (Edg-1, -3, -5, and -8 Rs) and LPA (Edg-2, -4, and -7 Rs). Human T cell tumors express many Edg Rs for both LPA and S1P. In contrast, human blood CD4+ T cells express predominantly Edg-4, and CD8+ T cells show only traces of Edg-2 and -5, by quantification of mRNA and Edg R Ags. LPA at 10−10–10−6 M suppressed significantly the secretion of IL-2 from anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 Ab-challenged CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells. Monoclonal anti-Edg-4 R Ab, like LPA, suppressed stimulated IL-2 secretion from CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells. Constitutive expression of Edg-4 by CD4+, but not CD8+, human T cells accounts for differential functional responsiveness of the T cell subsets to LPA.
Ultrastructural Alterations in Liver of Medaka (Oryzias latipes) Exposed to Diethylnitrosamine

Liver cytotoxic alterations of adult medaka (Oryzias latipes) following short-term bath exposure (48 hr) to 500 mg/L diethylnitrosamine (DEN) were studied (days 3-21) by electron microscopy and cytochemistry. Control medaka displayed hepatic sexual dimorphism as described for other sexually active fish. Following DEN exposure, decreased glycogen stores with loss of cellular compartmentation obscured sexual dimorphism. A spectrum of organelle alterations, previously not reported in livers of fish, was seen. Early changes in hepatocytes included: nuclear lipid inclusions, nucleolar changes, decreased amounts of granular endoplasmic reticulum (GER), increased fractionation and steatosis of GER, proliferation of smooth ER and lysosomes, reduction in number and content of particulate lipoproteins and vitellogenin in Golgi vesicles, and reduction in number and staining intensity of peroxisomes. At day 14 and/or 21, partial to complete reversal of the above alterations indicated hepatic recovery, and fewer necrotic cells were seen at day 21 versus day 14. Lesions that did not resolve during this study were altered mitochondria and areas of spongiosis hepatis that developed at day 8 and continued to increase throughout the study. Infiltration of lymphocytes, granulocytes, and large numbers of macrophages were late changes. The description, timing, and duration of lesions are of value for consideration as biomarkers of exposure and effect in aquatic toxicology.
A computationally efficient method for improving the speed of full wave analysis CAD programs for microstrip circuits

Approximations to the Green's functions used in full wave microstrip circuit analysis programs are presented. The approximations have a number of advantages. They rely on the substrate of the circuit being electrically thin, which is reasonable assumption in realistic circuits. There is no restriction on lateral separation between two points. If the substrate is thin enough, the approximation presented can be used instead of calculating the Green's functions numerically. If the substrate is thicker, the form of the approximation can still be used; the coefficients are determined numerically at a few points by numerical evaluation of the Green's functions. Another advantage of this representation is that it can be used to speed up the run time of the matrix fill when several frequencies are needed. This results in substantial savings of time in the computer-aided design program. >
Error bounds from extra-precise iterative refinement

We present the design and testing of an algorithm for iterative refinement of the solution of linear equations where the residual is computed with extra precision. This algorithm was originally proposed in 1948 and analyzed in the 1960s as a means to compute very accurate solutions to all but the most ill-conditioned linear systems. However, two obstacles have until now prevented its adoption in standard subroutine libraries like LAPACK: (1) There was no standard way to access the higher precision arithmetic needed to compute residuals, and (2) it was unclear how to compute a reliable error bound for the computed solution. The completion of the new BLAS Technical Forum Standard has essentially removed the first obstacle. To overcome the second obstacle, we show how the application of iterative refinement can be used to compute an error bound in any norm at small cost and use this to compute both an error bound in the usual infinity norm, and a componentwise relative error bound.We report extensive test results on over 6.2 million matrices of dimensions 5, 10, 100, and 1000. As long as a normwise (componentwise) condition number computed by the algorithm is less than 1/max{10,√n}ew, the computed normwise (componentwise) error bound is at most 2 max{10, √n} · ew, and indeed bounds the true error. Here, n is the matrix dimension and ew = 2-24 is the working precision. Residuals were computed in double precision (53 bits of precision). In other words, the algorithm always computed a tiny error at negligible extra cost for most linear systems. For worse conditioned problems (which we can detect using condition estimation), we obtained small correct error bounds in over 90% of cases.
Serotonin Transporter Polymorphisms in Patients With Portopulmonary Hypertension

Background The long allele of a functional promoter polymorphism in the serotonin transporter (SERT) is associated with an increased risk of some forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension. We hypothesized that the long allele or other polymorphisms in SERT would be associated with an increased risk of portopulmonary hypertension (PPHTN) in patients with advanced liver disease. Methods We performed a multicenter case-control study. Subjects undergoing liver transplant evaluation at seven centers were prospectively screened for the presence of PPHTN using transthoracic echocardiography. PPHTN was confirmed by right heart catheterization using standard criteria. Results The study sample included 30 case patients with PPHTN and 109 control subjects with advanced liver disease. There was no significant association between the long allele and case status in an adjusted additive model (odds ratio, 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.33 to 1.21; p = 0.17). If anything, LL genotype tended to be associated with a lower risk of PPHTN. There were no associations between other SERT polymorphisms and PPHTN. Conclusions SERT polymorphisms are not associated with the risk of PPHTN in patients with advanced liver disease. Other clinical or genetic risk factors may play a role in this complication of portal hypertension.
On a Class of Continuum Damage Mechanics Theories

A thermodynamically consistent continuum damage mechanics formula tion in the stress space is outlined. Damage is reflected in the fourth-order material com pliance tensor involving a damage parameter whose increment is obtained from the consis tency condition of the damage surface. A new damage function and an alternate damage response tensor in mode I are formulated by means of which a smooth transition from the cleavage damage mode to the compressive damage mode is achieved and nonlinear re sponses in the lateral directions are predicted. Furthermore, the permanent deformation in damage mode I is predicted by using a simple evolutionary equation. The tangent compli ance tensor is also given in terms of the response tensors and the first variation of the damage function with respect to state variables. The model is illustrated for different stress paths in mortar and concrete.
Late results in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis with goitrogenic compounds.

SINCE the first report by Astwood(l) in 1943 of the clinical use of thiourea in thyrotoxicosis, many goitrogenic compounds have been tried in this disorder. At present two thiouracil compounds, 6N propylthiouracil and methylthiouracil, are the most widely used by physicians in general practice. Such compounds have these advantages,—they are inexpensive, readily available, and tolerance or “fastness” to them does not develop. Because of their widespread use it seems desirable to report followup observations on a selected group of patients with unquestionable thyrotoxicosis treated with several goitrogenic substances and followed for intervals ranging from two to more than six years. This report deals with 46 such patients. Nineteen received thiouracil, 19 received propylthiouracil, 2 received aminothiazole, and 6 received thiouracil followed by propylthiouracil. All were selected for prolonged treatment because (a) the clinical picture suggested the probability of obtaining a sustained remission (mild to m...
Effect of CCK antagonist L 364718 on meal-induced pancreatic secretion in rats.

The specific cholecystokinin (CCK)-receptor antagonist L 364718 was used to examine the role of CCK in meal-induced pancreatic secretion. Unanesthetized rats with gastric, jugular vein, bilepancreatic, and duodenal cannulas were used; bile-pancreatic juice was recirculated. Basal amylase secretion (30% of maximal) was not inhibited by L 364718 doses of 0.5 or 2 mg/kg intravenously. L 364718 (0.02 to 2 mg/kg) caused dose-related inhibition of the maximal amylase response to CCK-8 (200 pmol.kg-1.h-1), with greater than 80% inhibition at doses greater than or equal to 0.5 mg/kg. L 364718 (0.5 mg/kg) shifted the dose-response curve to CCK-8 (25-3,200 pmol.kg-1.h-1) to the right (ED50 increased 10-fold) but did not alter maximal amylase output consistent with competitive inhibition of CCK in vivo. Ingestion of liquid food significantly increased amylase output threefold above basal. L 364718 (0.5 mg/kg) completely blocked this response. These results suggest that although CCK does not regulate basal pancreatic enzyme secretion, it is the primary mediator of pancreatic enzyme secretion in response to a liquid meal.
Time-varying matching network for antennas in pulse-based systems

In this paper, a time-varying matching technique is proposed for electrically small antennas in pulse-based systems. The matching performance of the proposed design is not limited by the gain-bandwidth restriction, and hence can be used for high Q antennas. Simulation results show that the overall antenna efficiency can be significantly improved (e.g. from 1% to 40%) with the time-varying matching network by reducing the reflection loss.
Granules: A lightweight, streaming runtime for cloud computing with support, for Map-Reduce

Cloud computing has gained significant traction in recent years. The Map-Reduce framework is currently the most dominant programming model in cloud computing settings. In this paper, we describe Granules, a lightweight, streaming-based runtime for cloud computing which incorporates support for the Map-Reduce framework. Granules provides rich lifecycle support for developing scientific applications with support for iterative, periodic and data driven semantics for individual computations and pipelines. We describe our support for variants of the Map-Reduce framework. The paper presents a survey of related work in this area. Finally, this paper describes our performance evaluation of various aspects of the system, including (where possible) comparisons with other comparable systems.
Theoretical Efficiency of a Microfabricated Knudsen Pump

This paper describes the derivation of the maximum theoretical efficiency for a Knudsen pump. The Knudsen pump functions on the principle of thermal transpiration in rarified gas conditions. The pump requires only a temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet to operate. The rarified gas conditions are established by having the pump channel's characteristic dimensions, i.e. the diameter or height, smaller than the mean free path of the gas being pumped. The efficiency is shown to follow all of the trends imposed by the principle of thermal transpiration. The maximum obtainable efficiency for any gas approaches the ratio of the ideal gas constant divided by the specific heat capacity, which is achieved at a very high temperature ratio.
Other Low-Frequency Vibrations

Table 1–3 in Chapter 1 listed various types of data that could be obtained in the low-frequency region of the infrared. Several of these are worthy of further comment, and this chapter will discuss some of them.
Franck Condon Factors for the He(I) Photoelectron Spectrum of Methyl Radical

Abstract Computed Franck Condon factors pertinent to the photoelectron spectrum of methyl radical are discussed. The low frequency spacings in the observed spectra are assigned to transitions between the first and second (bending mode, v 2′) excited states and thus correspond to differences in the bending frequencies of the cation and the radical. The high frequency spacing is assigned as 2v 2′ of the cation. Any barrier to planarity of the radical is lower than the zero point energy of the bending mode.
Mapping genome--genome epistasis: a high-dimensional model

Motivation: The proper development of any organ or tissue requires the coordinated expression of its underlying genes that can be located on different genomes present in an organism. For instance, each step in the development of seed for a higher plant is the consequence of gene interactions from the maternal, embryo and endosperm genomes. Results: We present a multivariate statistical model for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) by incorporating two important aspects of seed development in plants---QTL interactions derived from different genomes, the maternal, embryo and endosperm, and genetic correlations among phenotypic traits expressed in different genome-specific tissues. This model, which has a high dimensionality, is constructed within the maximum-likelihood context based on a finite mixture model. The implementation of the expectation--maximization algorithm allows for the efficient estimation of QTL positions, their action and interaction effects and pleiotropic effects. The application of this high-dimensional model to a real rice dataset has validated its usefulness. Conclusions: Our model was derived for self-pollinated plants, but it can be extended to cross-pollinated plants and to animals. With the burgeoning of genetic and genomic data, this high-dimensional model will have many implications for agricultural and evolutionary genetic research. Availability: A package of software will be provided from the corresponding author upon request. Contact: [email protected]
Which Countries are Studied Most by Economists? An Examination of the Regional Distribution of Economic Research

SUMMARY This paper examines the distribution of economic research as catalogued in the Journal of Economic Literature across countries of the world and attempts to explain those patterns. We report the number of articles published on each country and estimate a series of regressions to understand this pattern. We find that measures of a country's size (physical and economic), connections with the outside world and data availability explain much of the pattern of research. We also find that tourism receipts, whether English is an official language, and the number of economic research institutions are significantly correlated with the amount of research done on a country. After controlling for all the variables, we find only three regions (all in Africa) with significantly less research published by economists in Journal of Economic Literature cataloged articles than North America.