cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nearly Dislocation-Free APB Termination at Pure Grain Boundary Step Defects in L10 Alloys

L1 0 alloys typically derive from a high-temperature, disordered fcc phase. For example, CuAu has a face centered tetragonal structure below 380°C and is derived from its high temperature, disordered face centered cubic phase. As the material transforms from the disordered fcc phase to the ordered tetragonal phase, the four distinct Σ3 fcc twin misorientations generate twelve distinct tetragonal twin misorientations, four being characterized as Σ3 and eight as Σ6. Of particular interest is the Σ6 structure because it is possible to terminate lattice antiphase boundaries without dislocations at this interface. A pure step defect at the interface can accommodate the APB termination due to anti-site coincidence (coincidence between copper and gold sites). We term these defects “ antiphase steps ”. The antiphase step is a new type of interfacial defect that has not been described by other workers. The possibility of forming antiphase steps in ordered L1 0 alloys is related to even -Σ interfaces. Since the Σ6 boundary is common in the ordered phase, the formation of dislocation-free APB terminations may be important in L1 0 alloys.
Effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on the life-span,survival,reproduction quantity and activity of superoxide dismutase of Moina mocrocpa

The Moina mocrocpa were used as materials to study the effection on life-span,survival,reproduction quantity and activity of superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)with different Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide concentrations.The results showed that while the concentration of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides was at 40～160mg/L,the survival rate and life span of Moina mocrocpa were significantly higher than that of the control,and the reproduction quantity of Moina mocrocpa was significantly higher than other groups.The SOD activitives in Moina mocrocpa with different polysaccharide concentrations were significantly higher than that of the control.The results provided the theory and practicaI parameters of Moina mocrocpa in application of animal model.
Reflection of Light Waves

What is light? In Chap. I of his Treatise on Light, Huygens argued that light consists of successive compressions and rarefactions of a subtle and all-pervasive medium—the aether—which are generated by vibrating particles inside of luminous bodies. This mechanism, he claimed, provides a plausible explanation for the singularly high speed of light, something the particle theory of light could not do. Huygens also attempted to demonstrate that his wave theory can account for the rectilinear propagation of light rays—despite the fact that a wave tends to spread spherically around its source. This he did by invoking what is now known as Huygens’ Principle. Huygens’ principle provides a very powerful recipe for predicting the advance of a wavefront, especially through inhomogeneous media; it is employed extensively nowadays in the fields of optics, acoustics, and even seismology. In what follows, Huygens attempts to use this technique for a more modest aim: to provide a physical explanation of the well-known law of reflection of light. His proof proceeds purely geometrically, assuming only Huygens’ principle.
Cultural Dimensions of Power/Knowledge: The Challenges of Measuring Violence against Women

International governance, like all contemporary modes of governance, increasingly operates by means of quantitative measurements. Issues such as corruption, the rule of law, academic achievement, compliance with human rights norms, and accountability are generally translated into numbers and indicators. As quantification becomes ever more central to governance, it is critical to examine the cultural and social theoretical frameworks within which measurement systems are developed. A comparison of four cultural approaches to measuring violence against women globally shows that there are significant differences in what is made visible and what is disappeared in each one. Moreover, the organizations that promote these different approaches vary significantly in power and resources. Those generated by better resourced organizations come to dominate the definition of a phenomenon, such as violence against women, and the way it is understood. Ultimately, this shapes the way it is governed. Since regulation and governance depend on what quantitative data makes visible, these slippages have important implications for the practice of global governance.
Immigration policy as family language policy: Mexican immigrant children and families in search of biliteracy:

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions:In this article we draw upon the ethnography of language planning and policy (LPP) to examine the complexities of how young Latino children with a rec...
HER2 status in primary tumors and metastatic regional lymph nodes in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC).

4071 Background: Selection of patients for HER2-targeted therapy is based on HER2 analysis in primary EACs. Since EACs metastasize via regional lymph nodes, concordance of HER2 gene amplification r...
Candoia: a platform for building and sharing mining software repositories tools as apps

We propose Candoia, a novel platform and ecosystem for building and sharing Mining Software Repositories (MSR) tools. Using Candoia, MSR tools are built as apps, and Candoia ecosystem, acting as an appstore, allows effective sharing. Candoia platform provides, data extraction tools for curating custom datasets for user projects, and data abstractions for enabling uniform access to MSR artifacts from disparate sources, which makes apps portable and adoptable across diverse software project settings of MSR researchers and practitioners. The structured design of a Candoia app and the languages selected for building various components of a Candoia app promotes easy customization. To evaluate Candoia we have built over two dozen MSR apps for analyzing bugs, software evolution, project management aspects, and source code and programming practices showing the applicability of the platform for building a variety of MSR apps. For testing portability of apps across diverse project settings, we tested the apps using ten popular project repositories, such as Apache Tomcat, JUnit, Node.js, etc, and found that apps required no changes to be portable. We performed a user study to test customizability and we found that five of eight Candoia users found it very easy to customize an existing app. Candoia is available for download.
Data Acquisition and Getting Data into GIS

Data entry process is the most important step and the most time-consuming part of the GIS operation. User should always be aware in advance at what type of data is needed for the project and where to locate or obtain it. Reliable and accurate data is essential for carrying meaningful GIS project. GIS users can rely on many sources of GIS data and some of the data is already available in different format or it can be created. Some of the most common source of GIS projects are hard copy maps. The maps can be digitized or scanned and integrated into GIS as a digital data. There are also huge digital spatial data, available from various organizations and commercial sources. They are processed data of different types and ready to use. Some of the data is free, you can download it, copy it, and borrow it. You can even convert it from one format to another.
Recognition and treatment of depression.

A physician outlines the criteria for diagnosing clinical depression and the principle modes for treating the mental illness. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Is it really the end of internal combustion engines and petroleum in transport

Abstract Transport is almost entirely powered by internal combustion engines (ICEs) burning petroleum-derived liquid fuels and the global demand for transport energy is large and is increasing. Available battery capacity will have to increase by several hundred fold for even light duty vehicles (LDVs), which account for less than half of the global transport energy demand, to be run on electricity alone. However the greenhouse gas (GHG) impact of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) would be worse than that of conventional vehicles if electricity generation and the energy used for battery production are not sufficiently decarbonized. If coal continues to be a part of the energy mix, as it will in China and India, and if power generation is near urban centers, even local urban air quality in terms of particulates, nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide would get worse. The human toxicity impacts associated with the mining of metals needed for batteries are very serious and will have to be addressed. Large prior investments in charging infrastructure and electricity generation will be needed for widespread forced adoption of BEVs to occur. There will be additional costs in the short term associated with various subsidies required to promote such a change and in the longer term, the loss of revenue from fuel taxes which contribute significantly to public finances in most countries. ICEs will continue to power transport, particularly commercial transport, to a large extent for decades to come and will continue to improve. There will also be a role for low-carbon and other alternative fuels where they make sense. However such alternatives also start from a low base and face constraints on rapid and unlimited growth so that they are unlikely to make up much more than 10% of the total transport energy demand by 2040. As the energy system is decarbonized and battery technology improves there will be an increasing role for BEVs and hydrogen which could replace liquid hydrocarbons in transport and the required infrastructure will evolve. Meanwhile, there will certainly be increasing electrification, particularly of LDVs in the form of hybridization to improve ICEs.
Author Correction: Homogenous: The Political Affiliations of Elite Liberal Arts College Faculty

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake in the image of Figure 1.
Severe Visual Impairments in Infants and Toddlers in the United States

IntroductionThis article describes the most prevalent visual conditions and other demographic characteristics of 5,931 young children with severe visual impairments in 28 states in the United State...
Software Engineering on the Web

This paper addresses software development over the web with team members physically located in various locations. There is a discussion of software engineering tools and web-based development. A graduate level course project on web-based software requirements and specification tools is described in the paper. The course projects are de- scribed from the standpoint of the software prototypes, development methods, and project management. Future directions are discussed in the context of an undergraduate software engineering project two course sequence and multiple university involvement.
Dose-Dependent Inhibition of Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Patients Receiving N-(Phosphonacetyl)-L-Aspartate

N-(Phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA) inhibits aspartate carbamoyltransferase (ACTase), the second step in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, resulting in a decrease in uridine and cytidine nucleotide pools and accumulation of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate.1,2 Preclinical studies suggest that the biochemical effects of P ALA may increase the metabolism of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and enhance its cytotoxicity through both RNA- and DNA-directed mechanisms.2–6 Further, promising clinical activity has been reported with low dose PALA, 250 mg/m2, given 24 hours prior to high-dose infusional 5-FU on a weekly schedule.7,8
Chapter 26 – Animal Models of Focal Dystonia

Animal models for movement disorders enable investigators to examine the molecular, cellular, and behavioral modifications involved in the development and continuation of movement disorders using experimental approaches unsuitable for human research. For focal dystonias, there are animal models of spasmodic torticollis, writer's cramp, and benign essential blepharospasm. Animal models of spasmodic torticollis identify different brain regions capable of creating abnormal head postures. The animal model of writer's cramp reveals the importance of abnormal sensory processing in creating dystonic movements. Animal models of blepharospasm explore how disrupting motor adaptation can produce dystonia. Together, these models provide an understanding of how abnormal transformations of motor learning and sensorimotor integration can act on specific neural circuits to create dystonic movements.
Characteristics of the healthcare information technology workforce in the HITECH era: underestimated in size, still growing, and adapting to advanced uses.

Objective There is little readily available data about the size and characteristics of the healthcare information technology workforce. We sought to update a previous description of the size, growth, and characteristics of this workforce based on the Healthcare Information Management Systems Society (HIMSS) Analytics® Database, a resource that includes hospital size, number of beds, amount of staffing, and an eight-stage model of electronic health record adoption (Electronic Medical Record Adoption Model, EMRAM℠). Materials and Methods We updated an analysis done using a 2007 snapshot of the HIMSS Analytics Database with a comparable snapshot from 2014 in order to estimate the size of the current workforce and project future needs. For the 2014 data, we applied the same weighted average analysis used in 2007 to obtain a ratio of information technology (IT) hospital full-time equivalent (FTE) to staffed beds, extrapolate the results to all US hospitals, and project the workforce needs as hospitals achieve higher EMRAM stages. Results Our estimated size of the healthcare information technology workforce in the US in 2014 was 161 160, which was 8.0% larger than the estimate based on the 2007 data. Based on the new data, we project a potential need for an additional 19 852 and 153 114 FTE, if all hospitals were to achieve EMRAM Stages 6 and 7, respectively. The distribution of FTE across job function category varies by EMRAM stage. Discussion and Conclusions Although these data are limited, especially for EMRAM Stage 7, there is likely need for substantial workforce growth as hospitals increase their adoption of advanced healthcare information technology. Further research with data better focused on workforce characteristics will provide a better picture of staffing requirements.
Neoadjuvant Treatment for Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with limited effective therapeutic options and exceedingly high mortality rates. Currently, cure can only be achieved through resection, however the vast majority of patients present with advanced disease for which upfront surgery is not an option. In an effort to improve surgical candidacy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with or without radiation therapy, is often used in an effort to downstage borderline resectable and locally advanced tumors, and some argue for its use even in patients with resectable tumors. Underlying this thinking is the recognition that pancreatic cancer is simultaneously both a locally invasive and systemic disease, even in patients without evidence of metastasis on imaging. Current evidence to date is largely retrospective, but suggests that neoadjuvant therapy can increase R0 (pathologically negative margin) resection rates and improve overall survival. The standard approach to neoadjuvant treatment involves choosing between the two most active combination regimens for metastatic disease, namely modified FOLFIRNOX and gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel. Nonrandomized data indicate that these regimens can yield resection rates up to 68% and 36%, in borderline resectable and locally advanced PDAC, respectively. Furthermore, randomized data in patients with resectable PDAC treated with gemcitabine-based neoadjuvant therapy suggests that despite an approximate 10% drop in resection rates, there is a significant improvement in median overall survival. Herein, we will discuss the rationale for neoadjuvant therapy, current and former treatment regimens, common issues faced by clinicians when using these combinations, and several ongoing clinical trials.
Evaluación de la estrategia digital en los museos: métodos y herramientas para web, redes sociales y móviles.

Los museos han implementado distintos metodos de investigacion para evaluar el impacto de sus iniciativas digitales y conocer mejor quienes son sus usuarios. Este articulo recopila las metodologias y herramientas aplicadas al ambito digital desde un punto de vista teorico y practico, mediante el uso de ejemplos que muestran la utilizacion de la analitica digital en webs, redes sociales y moviles dentro del sector de los museos. Palabras clave: evaluacion, estudios de publico, analitica digital, segmentacion, metricas. Evaluation of the digital strategy in museums: methods and tools for web, social and mobile networks Abstract: Museums have deployed various research methods to evaluate the impact of their digital initiatives and better identify their users. This article discusses the methods and tools applied to the digital domain from a theoretical and practical point of view, using examples from the museum sector that illustrate the application of digital analytics to web sites, social media and mobile devices. Keywords: evaluation, audience studies, digital analytics, segmentation, metrics. Articulo recibido: 04/06/2018// Articulo aceptado: 17/06/2018
There's no place like home: The associations between residential attributes and family functioning

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the ways in which actual (e.g., density) and perceived (e.g., crowding and distance) elements of the spatial home environment act as predictors of family functioning. Data were gathered from 164 families whose child was attending a university's preschool/kindergarten facility in a mid-sized community in the Western United States. Structural equation modeling (SEM, AMOS 19.0) was employed to examine the strength of the relations within the model. Results showed that though actual elements of the home (i.e., density) affect family functioning outcomes, perceptions of the home environment (e.g., crowding and distance) were especially influential as mediating the link between density and aspects of family functioning. Findings suggest that how individuals perceive their home environment has more of an effect on family functioning than actual home characteristics.
Closed-loop Tactile Augmentation by Transcutaneous Stimulation on either the Foot Sole or the Palm to Improve Lateral Postural Balance

The objective of this study is to provide insight on the impact of closed-loop tactile augmentation on either the foot sole or the palm on postural regulation, specifically when plantar cutaneous feedback is reduced. To accomplish this objective, two healthy human subjects stood on a lateral balance board and maintained their balance for as long as possible until the balance board contacted the ground. Subjects were instructed to close their eyes during the experiment to remove visual feedback and increase the dependency on the tactile feedback for balancing. Balance time was measured both with and without a layer of foam on top of the balance board, to test the effect of reduced tactile feedback from the foot sole. The effects of tactile augmentation on the foot sole or the palm were tested by applying transcutaneous electrical stimulation on the calcaneal nerve or the ulnar nerve during the balance test with the foam layer in place. The average balance times of the subjects were decreased by the foam, which indicates the importance of plantar cutaneous feedback on postural balance. The average balance times of the subjects were increased by tactile augmentation, either on the foot sole or on the palm. This result suggests that closed-loop augmentation of tactile sensation can be a promising way to improve postural regulation, particularly for individuals with compromised plantar cutaneous feedback.
Virtual Nature: A Psychologically Beneficial Experience.

This study sought to determine which, if any, of the benefits conferred by experiences in nature are conferred by an equivalent Virtual Reality (VR) experience. To this end, previous VR users were immersed in a virtual forest environment. Post-immersion, participants were measured on a variety of metrics including stress level, relaxation level, and directed attention abilities – metrics that have been shown to be significantly modulated by exposure to physical nature. Our results indicate that experiences in virtual nature afford much the same psychological benefits of exposure to physical nature, but they did not show the same kinds of attentional benefits. Experiencing nature in VR significantly decreased self-reported anxiety levels.
An Intervention to Increase Uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening Among Emergency Department Patients: Results of a Randomized Pilot Study

Abstract Background Emergency departments (EDs) have the potential to promote critical public and preventive health interventions. Cervical cancer (CC) screening has been a cornerstone of preventive health efforts for decades. Approximately 20% of U.S. women are not adherent with CC screening guidelines—considerably below the U.S. Federal Government's target. ED patients are disproportionately nonadherent with CC screening guidelines. The ED, therefore, is an optimal setting to target women with an intervention that promotes CC screening. Objectives To assess the feasibility and potential efficacy of an intervention, grounded in behavioral change theory, to promote uptake of CC screening among ED patients. Methods Design: Randomized clinical trial pilot study; Patients: Women aged 21–65 years that were identified in the ED to be nonadherent with CC screening recommendations; Setting: Single center urban academic ED. Results Among enrolled participants, 355 (79%) were determined to be adherent with screening recommendations and 95 (21%) were determined to be either nonadherent or have uncertain adherence. Among the nonadherent/uncertain group, 47 were randomized to the control condition (referral only) and 48 were randomized to the intervention condition. Thirty-six percent of participants in the control condition received or scheduled screening during the follow-up period. In the intervention condition, 43% received or scheduled screening during the follow-up period—a 19% relative improvement over the control condition. Conclusion This pilot study demonstrates feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a behavioral intervention to increase uptake of CC screening among ED patients.
An Affair to Remember: How an Endosymbiont Partners with Its Host to Build a Cell Envelope.

Studying endosymbionts gives us insight into early cellular mechanisms that led to the emergence of eukaryotic organelles. In this issue of Cell, Bublitz et al. (2019) report on how a nested bacterial endosymbiont of mealybugs builds its cell wall peptidoglycan through a biosynthetic pathway that is dependent on transported host enzymes.
the LAB: Gas chromatography: fundamentals and application

(1969). the LAB: Gas chromatography: fundamentals and application. Hospital Topics: Vol. 47, No. 10, pp. 81-100.
Evaluation of factors influencing surgical treatment costs for distal biceps rupture.

Background Given the similar outcomes of various fixation constructs for single-incision distal biceps repair, a critical evaluation of the factors that drive the cost of the procedure is the key to optimizing treatment value. The purpose of this study was to quantify variation in costs for surgical treatment of complete distal biceps ruptures, as well as identify factors affecting costs. Methods We retrospectively identified adult patients consecutively treated surgically for complete distal biceps ruptures between July 2011 and January 2018 at a single academic medical center. Using our institution's information technology value tool, we recorded the surgical encounter total direct costs (SETDCs) for each patient. Univariate and multivariate gamma regression models were used to determine factors affecting SETDCs. Results Of 121 included patients, 102 (86%), 7 (6%), and 12 (10%) underwent primary repair, revision, and reconstruction. SETDCs varied widely, with a standard deviation of 40% and a range of 58% to 276% of the average SETDC. The main contributors to SETDCs were facility utilization costs (53%) and implant costs (29%). Implant costs also varied, with a standard deviation of 16%, ranging up to 121% of the mean SETDC. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that reconstructions were 72% more costly than primary repairs (P Conclusion Surgical encounter and implant costs vary widely for distal biceps rupture treatment. However, no significant difference in SETDC was identified between repair with a cortical button vs. dual–suture anchor repair. The greater costs associated with reconstruction surgery should be taken into consideration.
2.44 – Eyewitness Identification

In the early 1990s a number of legal and social developments pushed eyewitness memory into the center stage of the legal arena. Eyewitness memory was shown to be fallible, leading to the incarceration of numerous innocent people, who were later exonerated through DNA evidence. Employing Wells’ dichotomy of system and estimator variables, we provide an overview of some of the important variables that influence eyewitness memory. Each section concludes with a summary of how research on eyewitness testimony has been used by the legal system as well as the law-enforcement system to reform procedures for collecting identification evidence.
Recurrent priapism in the setting of cannabis use

Priapism (persistent and painful erection of the penis) is a notable urological emergency, with over 90% of those remaining erect for 24 h losing sexual function. Drug-induced priapism is common in the adult population, with intracavernosal injectables for erectile dysfunction topping the list. A variety of illicit drugs associated with priapism have been described; however, we are not aware of any other case reports showing cannabis alone as the inciting factor. Here, we present a case of a healthy 32-year-old African American man with a history of stuttering (recurrent) priapism secondary to mild cannabis substance use without comorbid substance use, licit or illicit.
Voter Ignorance and Deliberative Democracy

American voters are shockingly ignorant about politics. Not only do they not know basic facts about the structure of American government (what the three branches are, etc.) or the views of the major political parties, they do not really know in many cases even what they believe about politics, because what they believe can be manipulated depending on how pollsters ask the questions. People may oppose welfare, for instance, but favor increasing money transfers to the poor-which is pretty much what welfare is.2 Even worse, when voters are motivated to seek out more information, and do seek out that information, they tend to do so in a biased way by gathering information from those sources which tend to confirm their existing opinions.3 So even intelligent voters tend to be ignorant about what the other side thinks. Now, one would think that such massive and pervasive ignorance would matter not just to the effective running of our democracy, but also matter to the normative desirability of democracy itself. And one would think philosophers who defend democracy would spend a lot of time worrying and obsessing about the problem of voter ignorance, and how to fix it.
Host plant defense produces species specific alterations to flight muscle protein structure and flight-related fitness traits of two armyworms.

Insects manifest phenotypic plasticity in their development and behavior in response to plant defenses, via molecular mechanisms that produce tissue-specific changes. Phenotypic changes might vary between species that differ in their preferred hosts and these effects could extend beyond larval stages. To test this, we manipulated the diet of southern armyworm (SAW; Spodoptera eridania) and fall armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda) using a tomato mutant for jasmonic acid plant defense pathway (def1), and wild-type plants, and then quantified gene expression of Troponin t (Tnt) and flight muscle metabolism of the adult insects. Differences in Tnt spliceform ratios in insect flight muscles correlate with changes to flight muscle metabolism and flight muscle output. We found that SAW adults reared on induced def1 plants had a higher relative abundance (RA) of the A isoform of Troponin t (Tnt A) in their flight muscles; in contrast, FAW adults reared on induced def1 plants had a lower RA of Tnt A in their flight muscles compared with adults reared on def1 and controls. Although mass-adjusted flight metabolic rate showed no independent host plant effects in either species, higher flight metabolic rates in SAW correlated with increased RA of Tnt A Flight muscle metabolism also showed an interaction of host plants with Tnt A in both species, suggesting that host plants might be influencing flight muscle metabolic output by altering Tnt This study illustrates how insects respond to variation in host plant chemical defense by phenotypic modifications to their flight muscle proteins, with possible implications for dispersal.
Single-center thorough evaluation and targeted treatment of globozoospermic men

To characterize, by specific biomarkers and nucleic acid sequencing, the structural and genomic sperm characteristics of partial (PG) and complete globozoospermic (CG) men in order to identify the best reproductive treatment. We assessed spermatozoa from 14 consenting men ultrastructurally, as well as for histone content, sperm chromatin integrity, and sperm aneuploidy. Additional genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic evaluations were carried out to further characterize the CG cohort. The presence of oocyte-activating sperm cytosolic factor (OASCF) was measured by a phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ) immunofluorescence assay. Couples were treated in subsequent cycles either by conventional ICSI or by ICSI with assisted gamete treatment (AGT) using calcium ionophore (Ionomycin, 19657, Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA). Ultrastructural assessment confirmed complete acrosome deficiency in all spermatozoa from CG men. Histone content, sperm chromatin integrity, and sperm aneuploidy did not differ significantly between the PG (n = 4) and CG (n = 10) cohorts. PLCζ assessment indicated a positive presence of OASCF in 4 PG couples, who underwent subsequent ICSI cycles that yielded a 36.1% (43/119) fertilization with a 50% (2/4) clinical pregnancy and delivery rate. PLCζ assessment failed to detect OASCF for 8 CG patients who underwent 9 subsequent ICSI cycles with AGT, yielding a remarkable improvement of fertilization (39/97; 40.2%) (P = 0.00001). Embryo implantation (6/21; 28.6%) and clinical pregnancies (5/7; 71.4%) were also enhanced, resulting in 4 deliveries. Gene mutations (DPY19L2, SPATA16, PICK1) were identified in spermatozoa from CG patients. Additionally, CG patients unable to sustain a term pregnancy had gene mutations involved in zygote development (NLRP5) and postnatal development (BSX). CG patients who successfully sustained a pregnancy had a mutation (PIWIL1) related to sperm phenotype. PLCZ1 was both mutated and underexpressed in these CG patients, regardless of reproductive outcome. Sperm bioassays and genomic studies can be used to characterize this gamete’s capacity to support embryonic development and to tailor treatments maximizing reproductive outcome.
Analysis of opioid and adjunctive pain medication prescriptions in lung cancer patients.

e24073Background: Between 1999-2018, the CDC reported 232,000 deaths from prescription opioids. Lung cancer patients receive many opioid and adjunctive pain medication prescriptions. The frequency,...
Partial versus radical nephrectomy in clinical T2 renal masses

Objective To report perioperative, renal functional and oncologic outcomes for patients undergoing partial or radical nephrectomy for cT2 renal masses. Methods Retrospective review of patients who underwent partial (n = 72) or radical nephrectomy (n = 379) for cT2 renal masses from 2000 to 2016. After propensity adjustment using inverse probability weighting, the following were compared by surgery (partial or radical nephrectomy): complications, renal function measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate as continuous and as Results After propensity adjustment, clinical and radiographic features were well-balanced between groups. Overall and severe complications were more common for partial compared with radical nephrectomy, although not statistically significant (19 vs 13%, P = 0.14 and 4 vs 2%, P = 0.3, respectively). Estimated glomerular filtration rate change at 1 and 3 years was more pronounced in radical compared with partial nephrectomy (median -16 vs -5 and -14 vs -2, respectively, P Conclusions Partial nephrectomy appears to be a relatively safe and a potentially effective treatment for cT2 renal masses, conferring better renal functional preservation compared with radical nephrectomy. These data support continued use of partial nephrectomy for renal masses >7 cm in appropriately selected patients.
A Rare Case of Emphysematous Gastritis Secondary to Chemotherapy.

Emphysematous gastritis is a rare medical condition characterized by the presence of intra-mural air in the stomach associated with portal venous air tracking to a variable degree. There are no established guidelines favoring surgery over medical management. We present a case of a 64-year-old Caucasian male with a history of stage four colon adenocarcinoma with peritoneal carcinomatosis, malignant ascites, and liver metastasis status post-three cycles of chemotherapy who presented to the emergency room with complaints of generalized abdominal pain, nausea, non-bilious vomiting, and melena stools. He was managed conservatively as a case of sepsis secondary to emphysematous gastritis and made a full recovery. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of emphysematous gastritis in an adult with colon cancer. Although we cannot establish a causal link between his chemotherapy regimen and emphysematous gastritis, the combined effect of an immunosuppressive state caused by advanced malignancy and cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy are the probable risk factors in our patient. We described the possible mechanisms of mucosal disruption by fluorouracil and bevacizumab in our case. Despite historically having a poor prognosis, emphysematous gastritis can be managed conservatively on a case-by-case basis. Clinicians should be aware that chemotherapy can be a predisposing factor to developing this rare condition.
Analytical and Experimental Characterization of a Linear-Array Thermopile Scanning Radiometer for Geo-Synchronous Earth Radiation Budget Applications

The Thermal Radiation Group, a laboratory in the department of Mechanical Engineering at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, is currently working towards the development of a new technology for cavity-based radiometers. The radiometer consists of a 256-element linear-array thermopile detector mounted on the wall of a mirrored wedgeshaped cavity. The objective of this research is to provide analytical and experimental characterization of the proposed radiometer. A dynamic end-to-end opto-electrothermal model is developed to simulate the performance of the radiometer. Experimental results for prototype thermopile detectors are included. Also presented is the concept of the discrete Green's function to characterize the optical scattering of radiant energy in the cavity, along with a data-processing algorithm to correct for the scattering. Finally, a parametric study of the sensitivity of the discrete Green's function to uncertainties in the surface properties of the cavity is presented.
Questionable University-sponsored supplements in high-impact journals

This article raises the awareness of university-sponsored supplements in high-impact journals and the issues of this new practice. Based on a library user's complaint of a dead OpenURL link, this study looks over dozens of articles from university-sponsored supplements in Science, Nature, and Cell Press journals. It compares their metadata with those of regular articles from the parent journals. It also compares how these supplements are indexed by comprehensive journal indexes (Academic Search Complete, Scopus, and Web of Science). It found that various universities and research institutes in East Asia, mainly China, are major sponsors of supplements of key journals in recent years. The issues along with this new practice include dead OpenURL linking, index irregularities, self-congratulatory sponsors and their misled audience in East Asia. The media in China was so misled that it ranked one sponsored story among world top 10 news. It questions the ethics in publishing university-sponsored supplements, and calls for standardizations of assigning metadata including DOI as well as adding a disclaimer to all supplement articles.
The Instability and Breaking of a Deep-Water Wave Train

We report measurements of the surface displacement and fluid velocity in a nonlinear deep- water wave train as it evolved to breaking. Two distinct regimes are found. For ak ⩽ 0.29 the evolution is sensibly two-dimensional with the Benjamin-Feir instability leading directly to breaking as found by Longuet-Higgins and Cokelet (1978). The measured frequency of the most unstable sideband agrees very well with the predictions of Longuet-Higgins (1978). The surface displacement spectrum is not restricted to a few discrete frequencies but also involves a growing continuous spectrum. Within the accuracy of the measurements, the onset of breaking corresponds to the onset of the asymmetric development of the sidebands about the fundamental frequency. It is suggested that the asymmetric evolution, which ultimately leads to the shift to lower frequency (Lake et al, 1977), may be related to Longuet-Higgins’s (1978) breaking instabihty. For ak ⩾ 0.31 a full three-dimensional instability dominates the Benjamin-Feir instability and leads rapidly to breaking. Preliminary measurements of this instability agree very well with the results of McLean et al. (1981). Continuous measurements of the velocity field at the fluctuating surface were made with a laser anemometer and show significant differences between the velocity field in unbroken and breaking waves. In the unbroken waves the measured velocity agrees very well with that inferred by the measured surface displacement. In breaking waves the velocity in the spilling region is comparable to the phase speed of the waves while the perturbation to the surface displacement is small. With the exception of the velocity measurements, this work is reported by Melville (1982). The velocity measuring technique and analyzed data will be reported elsewhere (Melville and Rapp, 1985).
Studies on carbon flotation from fly ash

Abstract The separation of carbon from fly ash significantly improves the potential end-us of combustion byproducts. Froth flotation is the most effective separation technique for ultrafine material. Diesel dosages, conditioning time, and impeller rotating speeds' influences on carbon flotation performance were studied. From flotation products, + 25 and − 25 μm fractions were screened out to study their different flotation behaviors. At a given impeller speed, carbon recovery of +25 μm fraction increased significantly from 38.46% to 74.22% over a range of diesel dosage from 0.5 to 4.5 kg/t, while that of -25 μm fraction was relatively constant at 85% over the same diesel dosage range. Morphologies and microstructures of coarse and fine carbon were studied by using scanning electron microscope. Porous structures of coarse carbon were observed. It's difficult for diesel droplets of several microns to penetrate the pores of coarse carbon particles, which increases diesel consumption. Increasing impeller speeds from 1200 to 1600 rpm during conditioning improved the carbon recovery and separation efficiency of + 25 μm fraction by 79% and 110%, respectively, which significantly reduced diesel consumption. Flotation kinetic studies indicate that increasing impeller speeds during conditioning stage can improve the flotation rate constant and maximum carbon recovery for both + 25 and − 25 μm fractions.
On a Generalization of Euler's Angles

The considerations to be presented arose from an attempt to extend R matrix theory so as to account for peripheral reactions more generally.
A Brief Historical Summary of Health and the Nature of Humans

(1978). A Brief Historical Summary of Health and the Nature of Humans. Health Education: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 6-7.
Families of Algebraic Cycles

If T is a non-singular curve, and p: S → is a morphism, any (k+ 1)-cycle \( \alpha = \sum {n_i}\left[ {{\mathfrak{F}_i}} \right] \) On S determines an algebraic family of k-cycles αt, on the fibres Y t =P -1 (t): $$ {\alpha _t} = \begin{array}{*{20}{c}} \sum \\ {{\gamma _i}} \end{array}{n_i}\left[ {{{\left( {{V_i}} \right)}_t}} \right] $$
Manipulation of the differentiation program of induced pluripotent stem cells (1180.19)

Since the discovery that genetic reprogramming of somatic cells produced pluripotent cells (termed induced pluripotent stem cells [iPSCs]), there were myriad reports using these cells in regenerati...
Managing international technology alliances: Ballard Power and fuel cell vehicle development

Summary form only given, as follows. Multiparty international strategic alliances are becoming popular vehicles through which firms access resources, share risk, and learn. They are particularly useful in technology-based industries where products are becoming more complex and risk of failure is high. However, firms are profit maximizing actors who may behave opportunistically or defect in order to gain a larger share of the returns. This paper argues that power and interdependence between members, and between the firm and the alliance are key to determining a member's capability to act against its partners' or alliance's interests. The more powerful and less dependent the firm, the greater its freedom to act. The case of Ballard's alliance with DaimlerChrysler and Ford finds that alliances "construct" interdependence to balance the asymmetries in their relationships and tie the firms more closely together.
Leading One Another Across Time and Space: Exploring Shared Leadership Functions in Virtual Teams

Aunque una gran cantidad de investigacion en la ultima decada ha comenzado a distinguir los factores de interaccion y los resultados de rendimiento asociados con los equipos virtuales, aun existen importantes lagunas en nuestro conocimiento, sobre todo en terminos de liderazgo de un equipo virtual. El liderazgo compartido puede ser particularmente importante para los equipos virtuales, donde la separacion entre el lider y los miembros del equipo y entre ellos mismos puede exigir la distribucion de las funciones de liderazgo. Si bien compartir el liderazgo ha demostrado ser ventajoso sobre las formas mas tradicionales de liderazgo vertical, hay una escasez de investigacion relativa a como opera y esta influido el liderazgo en forma compartida en entornos virtuales y distribuidos. Por tanto, el objetivo de este articulo es proporcionar un marco para llevar a cabo dicha investigacion, principalmente a traves de la presentacion de proposiciones y necesidades futuras de investigacion con respecto a las funciones especificas del lider que pueden ser compartidas por los miembros de los equipos virtuales y distribuidos.
Protein Digestion in Weanling Pigs: Effect of Feeding Regimen and Endogenous Protein Secretion

Protein digestion and absorption were measured in weanling pigs (5 wk of age) using a total digesta collection procedure. In the first experiment, the objective was to measure the fate of nitrogenous digesta as it passed from the stomach to the terminal ileum when pigs were either allowed ad libitum access to feed or were fed four equal meals per day. Pigs were fed a standard corn-soybean meal diet in this experiment. There were no differences in flow rate or retention time of dry matter or nitrogen, and no differences in apparent nitrogen digestibility between the two feeding regimens. More than 80% of the soluble protein in the stomach and 65% in the small intestine was between 2,000 and 15,000 molecular weight. The molecular weight profiles of the soluble proteins were relatively constant throughout the small intestine, indicating that the products of protein hydrolysis were absorbed rapidly. The objective of the second experiment was to compare protein digestion and absorption in pigs fed a corn-soybean meal diet with those fed a protein-free diet. The molecular weight profiles of soluble protein were similar for the two groups of pigs. The data indicate that most of the endogenous enzymes were hydrolyzed rapidly, since little soluble protein corresponding to the molecular weight of pancreatic enzymes was detected.
7038 Is automated cleaning as good as manual cleaning in the reprocessing of flexible gi endoscopes

Cleaning is an essential step in the reprocessing of GI endoscopes. Because manual cleaning is tedious and technician dependent, automated cleaning may have some advantages over the manual method. In simulated use testing, the efficacy of automated cleaning (System 83-2+DT, Custom Ultrasonics) was compared with a standardized manual cleaning method previously reported by the investigators (Amer J Gastroenterol 1999;94:1546). The automated reprocessor simulates the mechanical effects of a brush or sponge by pulsing enzymatic solution through most channels at a frequency of 60 Hz, and against the exterior surface of the insertion tube at 40,000 Hz. METHODS: One Olympus CF100TL videocolonoscope was contaminated with a simulated soil consisting of 2 parts sterile milk powder, 10 parts fetal calf serum, 10 parts Mycobacteria chelonae, for a final mycobacterial concentration of 10 9 CFU/mL. The suction housing, air-water housing, valves, insertion tube, instrument channel and auxillary channel were independently inoculated, and then air-dried for 60 min prior to cleaning. The size of inoculum (total CFU) was established for each site through control experiments. Each inoculated site was flushed with sterile phosphate buffer solution; the effluent was poured through a 0.45μm membrane filter, cultured in Middlebrook 7H11 agar, and incubated for 10 days at 37° C. Three to five experiments were conducted for controls and for manual and automated cleaning methods using the same scope. RESULTS: See table. CONCLUSIONS: (1) In simulated use testing under "worst-case scenario", automated cleaning achieved a 3 to 5 log reduction in mycobacterial bioburden, which was at least equivalent to standardized manual cleaning. (2) Manual cleaning of the auxillary channel is potentially problematic because its small channel caliber precludes the use of a cleaning brush. (3) Used in conjunction with rigorous manual cleaning, automated cleaning may add an extra margin of safety for reprocessing of flexible GI endoscopes.
Early detection of oxide breakdown through in situ degradation sensing

Oxide breakdown (OBD) is a major concern in high-performance design as it determines the maximum supply voltage, degrading maximum performance and SRAM stability [1]. OBD is an inherently statistical process where some devices fail long before others. Hence, a priori lifetime prediction requires statistical estimation that leads to conservative margins in supply voltage that are unnecessary for most parts and for most operating conditions. Dynamic (runtime) OBD monitoring [2], allows voltage margins to be reduced while the lifetime of infrequent defect-prone chips can be extended through supply-voltage reduction and limits on peak temperature. To ensure that corrective measures are taken well before a device fails completely it is critical that OBD monitoring detects the onset of breakdown (soft breakdown), when the oxide becomes leaky yet the device continues to function correctly.