cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of Concurrent PIK3CA Mutations on Response to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition in EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancers and on Prognosis in Oncogene-Driven Lung Adenocarcinomas.

Introduction In patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) -mutant or KRAS -mutant lung adenocarcinomas, the prognostic impact of a concurrent PIK3CA mutation remains unclear. Although preclinical data suggest that sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition (TKI) is decreased in EGFR -mutant lung cancers also harboring a PIK3CA mutation, this interaction has not been explored clinically. Methods Patients with lung adenocarcinomas harboring a PIK3CA mutation concurrent with a separate driver mutation were identified through mutational hotspot testing, multiplex sizing assays, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Overall survival and outcomes with EGFR TKI monotherapy ( EGFR -mutant) were estimated using Kaplan–Meier methods and compared between double-mutant ( EGFR -mutant or KRAS -mutant, concurrent PIK3CA -mutant) and single-mutant patients ( EGFR -mutant or KRAS -mutant, PIK3CA wild-type) using log-rank tests. Results In EGFR -mutant and KRAS -mutant lung cancers, a concurrent PIK3CA mutation was associated with a decrease in median overall survival: 18 versus 33 months ( EGFR double mutant, n=10 versus single mutant, n=43, p = 0.006), and 9 versus 16 months ( KRAS double mutant, n=16 versus single mutant, n=47, p = 0.020). In EGFR -mutant lung cancers, a concurrent PIK3CA mutation did not impact benefit from EGFR TKI monotherapy. Single versus double mutant: objective response rate, 83% (n = 29) versus 62% (n = 6, p = 0.80); median time to progression, 11 (n = 29) versus 8 months (n = 6, p = 0.84); and median duration of TKI therapy, 15 (n = 32) versus 15 months (n = 10, p = 0.65). Conclusion A concurrent PIK3CA mutation is a poor prognostic factor in patients with advanced EGFR -mutant or KRAS -mutant lung adenocarcinomas. There was no evidence that clinical benefit from EGFR TKI monotherapy is affected by a concurrent PIK3CA mutation in EGFR -mutant lung cancers.
Pediatric nonaortic arterial aneurysms.

Objective Pediatric arterial aneurysms are extremely uncommon. Indications for intervention remain poorly defined and treatments vary. The impetus for this study was to better define the contemporary surgical management of pediatric nonaortic arterial aneurysms. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of 41 children with 61 aneurysms who underwent surgical treatment from 1983 to 2015 at the University of Michigan. Arteries affected included: renal (n = 26), femoral (n = 7), iliac (n = 7), superior mesenteric (n = 4), brachial (n = 3), carotid (n = 3), popliteal (n = 3), axillary (n = 2), celiac (n = 2), ulnar (n = 2), common hepatic (n = 1), and temporal (n = 1). Intracranial aneurysms and aortic aneurysms treated during the same time period were not included in this study. Primary outcomes analyzed were postoperative complications, mortality, and freedom from reintervention. Results The study included 27 boys and 14 girls, with a median age of 9.8 years (range, 2 months-18 years) and a weight of 31.0 kg (range, 3.8-71 kg). Multiple aneurysms existed in 14 children. Obvious factors that contributed to aneurysmal formation included: proximal juxta-aneurysmal stenoses (n = 14), trauma (n = 12), Kawasaki disease (n = 4), Ehlers-Danlos type IV syndrome (n = 1), and infection (n = 1). Preoperative diagnoses were established using arteriography (n = 23), magnetic resonance angiography (n = 6), computed tomographic arteriography (n = 5), or ultrasonography (n = 7), and confirmed during surgery. Indications for surgery included risk of expansion and rupture, potential thrombosis or embolization of aneurysmal thrombus, local soft tissue and nerve compression, and secondary hypertension in the case of renal artery aneurysms. Primary surgical techniques included: aneurysm resection with reanastomsis, reimplantation, or angioplastic closure (n = 16), interposition (n = 10) or bypass grafts (n = 2), ligation (n = 9), plication (n = 8), endovascular occlusion (n = 3), and nephrectomy (n = 4) in cases of unreconstructable renal aneurysmal disease. Later secondary operations were required to treat stenoses at the site of the original aneurysm repairs (n = 2) and new aneurysmal development (n = 1). Postoperative follow-up averaged 47 months (range, 1-349 months). No major perioperative morbidity and no mortality was encountered in this experience. Conclusions Pediatric arterial aneurysms represent a complex disease that affects multiple vascular territories. Results of the current series suggest that individualized surgical treatment, ranging from simple ligations to major arterial reconstructions, was durable and can be undertaken with minimal risk.
Impact of care coaching on hospital length of stay, readmission rates, postdischarge phone calls, and patient satisfaction after bariatric surgery

Abstract Background Bariatric surgery is well established as an effective means of treating obesity; however, 30-day readmission rates remain high. The Bariatric Care Coaching Program was developed in response to a perceived need for better communication with patients upon discharge from hospital and prior to being seen at their first postoperative visit. The lack of communication was apparent from the number of patient phone calls to clinic and readmissions to hospital. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the care coaching program on hospital length of stay (LOS), readmission rates, patient phone calls, and patient satisfaction. Setting The study was conducted at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on patients who had primary bariatric surgery from July 1, 2013 to June 30, 2015. The control group included patients who underwent surgery from July 1, 2013 to June 30, 2014, before development of the program, and the experimental group was composed of patients who received care coaching from July 1, 2014 to June 30, 2015. Demographics, postoperative complications, LOS, clinic phone calls, and hospital readmissions, prior to the first postoperative visit, were collected from medical records. Patient satisfaction scores were collected from the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Survey [HCAHPS]. Differences between study groups were assessed and P values Results There were 261 and 264 patients in the care-coach and control groups, respectively. The care-coached group had fewer patients with intractable nausea/vomiting ( P = .0164) and a shorter mean LOS ( P = .032). Subgroup analysis indicated that the difference in LOS was evident for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy ( P = .002). There was no difference in readmission rates ( P = .841) or phone calls to clinic ( P = .407). HCAHPS scores demonstrated an improvement in patients' perception of communication regarding medications (59th versus 27th percentile), discharge information (98th versus 93rd percentile), and likelihood of recommending the hospital (85th versus 74th percentile). Conclusion The Bariatric Care Coaching Program is an important new adjunct in the care of our bariatric inpatients. It has had the greatest impact on postoperative nausea/vomiting, LOS for sleeve gastrectomy, and patient satisfaction. Further studies are needed to evaluate how to use this program to reduce readmission rates and phone calls to the clinic.
Demystifying the Betty Ford Clinic : An immersion experience

1. The purpose of the Betty Ford Clinic (BFC) Professional in Residence (PIR) Inpatient Program is to increase participants' understanding and awareness of chemical dependency and its treatment. 2. Current alcoholism treatment is a combination of medical, psychosocial, psychological, and spiritual modalities interacting in a framework designed to help the individual achieve and sustain sobriety (Collins, 1993); all of these treatment components are evident in the BFC Model. 3. Double-blind studies are not conducted at the BFC for ethical reasons, which are one of the many difficulties inherent in the use of conventional control designs for assessing the treatment effectiveness of residential drug abuse programs (De Leon, Inciardi, & Martin, 1995).
Properly dividing with YAP

The Hippo pathway prevents organ overgrowth and maintains tissue architecture by inhibiting the transcriptional coactivator YAP. In this issue of Science Signaling, Bui et al. find a role for YAP during cytokinesis that is independent of its transcriptional activity. This function of YAP may be important for maintaining genomic stability in dividing cells.
Simulation of Steady-State Methanol Flux through a Model Carbon Nanotube Catalyst Support

Nonequilibrium molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were performed to show transport of a water–methanol solution through a novel catalysis membrane, constructed from single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a Pt monolayer catalyst at the membrane’s exit. These calculations are directed toward understanding methanol transport dynamics in the CNT core, past the Pt coating, and to find the conditions for optimal efficiency as a function of both CNT diameter and pressure. Probability density function calculations for various methanol observables show that methanol primarily travels along the pore wall, which is ideal for methanol to interact efficiently with a catalyst at the exit. From the percent of methanol that passed through the pores within the minimum of the Lennard-Jones potential (21/6σPt–O), we estimate the residence time of methanol flux past the Pt monolayer in the range of 2–6 ps. The mass transport percent efficiency of the methanol flowing past the catalyst site is as high as 86% for (10,10) C...
Three Modes of Economism

As ordinarily used by political scientists, the charge of ‘economism’ refers to a violation of the political sphere's privileged presumption of autonomy. More specifically, it refers to an exaggeration of the economic sphere's importance in the determination of social and political relations and a corresponding underestimation of the autonomy and integrity of the political sphere. With the aim of further clarifying the concept and its applications to the study of war and peace, this paper examines three distinguishable modes of economism: variable economism , where political outcomes are said to be attributable wholly or predominantly to economic causes, logical economism , where international political life is interpretable only insofar as it can be comprehended within the framework of economic logic, and historical economism , involving a double limiting of state practice and international political theory in the joint reproduction of an economistic social order. Statist economism, the paper contends, is a dangerous form of historical economism characteristic of advanced capitalist society. As the successor to the institution and doctrine of laissez-faire , statist economism entails both the transparent reduction of state practices and legitimations to economic interests and a diminishment of the creative and adaptive capacities of the modern states system.
Identification of steady-state uniform temperature distributions to facilitate a temperature driven method of Structural Health Monitoring

Structural Health Monitoring seeks to characterize the performance of a structure from combinations of recorded sensor data and analytic techniques. Temperature is normally considered noise in this analysis, obstructing the goal measuring the elastic response of the structure. While these elastic loads do help characterize a portion of structural behavior, the thermal loads on a structure can induce comparable strains to these elastic loads. Characterizing a relationship between the temperature of the structure and the resultant strain and displacement can provide a deep understanding of the structural condition. In order to begin characterizing this 3-dimensional relationship, time periods with relatively steadystate, uniform temperature distributions need to be identified from the measured data. These periods of uniform temperature distribution in the structure show a thermal response as free as possible from thermal gradients across the structure. These steady-state periods help create a signature of the structure when analyzed with the relevant strain and displacement measurements of the structure. An algorithm for finding these uniform distributions was created to identify these desirable time periods with data of interest. Finding time periods with a completely uniform temperature distribution can be unreasonable, so a suitable temperature interval was chosen to produce a set of data with a reasonable approximation to a uniform distribution, while still providing a large enough set of data to produce meaningful results. These time intervals provide the necessary temperature, strain, and displacement measurements to characterize a signature for the structure, providing a more in-depth analysis in SHM.
Design of a wireless remote control multiplex switch based on Si1000

In view of the existing remote control switch problems such as high power consumption and short life,the paper uses the low power consumption chip Si1000 and designs a programmable wireless remote control multiplex switch for the remote control of multiplex electric lights.The circuit design of the software and the hardware is introduced,and experiments verify the design is viable,so it provides a reasonable and reliable solution for wireless remote control.
Reconstruction of the breasts.

Reconstruction after subcutaneous, simple, and radical mastectomy, and after trauma. Methods of replacing the nipple and areola.
RISE eBooks: Leveraging Off-the-Shelf Software Components in Support of Deaf Literacy

The RISE bimodal-bilingual eBooks project is a joint initiative of Gallaudet University and Swarthmore College in the United States aimed to promote shared reading activities between hearing adults and their deaf children, although the format may welcome users from a broader spectrum. It produces ebooks, typically using published picture books as a base, and adding sign language videos, where the countries and languages involved right now number a dozen, but the global interest is growing steadily. The project has developed a workflow that is easily implementable using commercial off-the-shelf software, or open source alternatives, with an aim of making the production of bimodal-bilingual ebooks both readily accessible and efficient.
Inferring unstable equilibrium configurations from experimental data

This research considers the structural behavior of slender, mechanically buckled beams and panels of the type commonly found in aerospace structures. The specimens were deflected and then clamped in a rigid frame in order to exhibit snap-through. That is, the initial equilibrium and the buckled (snapped-through) equilibrium configurations both co-existed for the given clamped conditions. In order to transit between these two stable equilibrium configurations (for example, under the action of an externally applied load), it is necessary for the structural component to pass through an intermediate unstable equilibrium configuration. A sequence of sudden impacts was imparted to the system, of various strengths and at various locations. The goal of this impact force was to induce relatively intermediate-sized transients that effectively slowed-down in the vicinity of the unstable equilibrium configuration. Thus, monitoring the velocity of the motion, and specifically its slowing down, should give an indication of the presence of an equilibrium configuration, even though it is unstable and not amenable to direct experimental observation. A digital image correlation (DIC) system was used in conjunction with an instrumented impact hammer to track trajectories and statistical methods used to infer the presence of unstable equilibria in both a beam and a panel.
Bulk charging of epoxy insulation under DC stress

Stress enhancement due to the migration of charges can be a critical factor in the design of solid insulation for high voltage DC systems. The effect of bulk currents on surface and internal charge accumulation is discussed; and equations are formulated which predict steady-state conditions in arbitrary configurations o Experimental evidence is given for the validity of this analysis in epoxy insulators.
Mixed-Initiative Case Replay.

Mixed-initiative case replay introduces an active human into the case-based planning process. The goals of this novel technique are to utilize the strengths of machine-based case replay to improve human performance and to allow a human to override a machine’s abstract representation of an actual domain. The synthesis of these two approaches in a planning domain enables flexible solutions to planning problems. This preliminary research introduces for the first time a human-centered technique into the well-developed planning method of derivational analogy.
Foundational Soil Survey Data—A Case for Linking Basic Soil Data and Interpretations to the Official Series Description

T he purpose of this article is to present some ideas and concepts that will enhance the consistency, manageability, utility, and quality of the soils interpretations within NASIS for the current updating and digitization phase of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Following is a case for creating and linking basic soil data and interpretations to the Official Series Description within the National Soil Information System (NASIS).
Man who moved from stocks to science

Despite the grandiose claims of its subtitle, this book is a biography of Alfred Lee Loomis, a wealthy lawyer and investment banker who retired from his commercial pursuits after the stock-market crash of 1929. Having sold his entire portfolio before that fateful October day, Loomis became a good friend and patron of the American scientific elite, including Karl Compton, Vannevar Bush and Ernest Orlando Lawrence. Although Loomis mixed in high circles – his cousin Henry Stimson served as secretary of war for presidents Taft and Roosevelt – he was no dilettante and was elected to the US National Academy of Sciences at the age of 53.
Case Study: How Misinterpreting Probabilities Can Cost You the Game

Using data to make future decisions can increase the odds of success in many aspects of life, however, using the data incorrectly can be worse than not using any data at all. In this study, I present a case where a collegiate football coach attempted to use data to enhance the chances of success. In fact, because of his misinterpretation the dependence (or independence) of odds across his play-calling, his play-calling was not only sub-optimal but was detrimental to his team. This case study is designed as a way to clarify this common mistake our students make when interpreting data.
Sulfidation of 2D transition metals (Mo, W, Re, Nb, Ta): thermodynamics, processing, and characterization

Sulfidation of selected transition metal thin films (Mo, W, Re, Nb, Ta) was combined with thermodynamic calculations to study the synthesis of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and understand variations among the metals as well as processing atmosphere. Metal seed layers were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering and sulfidized using sulfur vapor and H2S. Surface chemistry, structure, and morphology of the films were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. XPS analysis revealed that after treatment with sulfur vapor (p (S2) = 1–10 Torr), Mo, W, and Re films were transformed into MoS2, WS2, and ReS2, respectively. However, Nb and Ta films changed little, and Nb2O5 and Ta2O5 remained the predominant components. Alternatively, conversion of Nb and Ta films to NbS2 and TaS2 was feasible under H2S. Raman spectroscopy also revealed improved crystallinity for Mo, W, and Re sulfidized under H2S. Isobaric and isothermal stability diagrams were calculated to identify feasible processing conditions (sulfur partial pressure and temperatures) for the sulfidation of all of the metals, and our findings were in good agreement with the XPS and Raman results. It was found that for Mo, W, and Re a p (S2) = 10−5 bar is sufficient for the metals to be converted to sulfide phases at 750 °C. On the other hand, due to very high stability of Nb2O5 and Ta2O5, even at very low p (O2), a sulfur partial pressure of 103–104 bar is required to make NbS2 and TaS2, respectively. Nevertheless, thermodynamic calculations confirmed that Nb and Ta could be transformed to NbS2 and TaS2 under 760 Torr H2S. AFM analysis revealed very smooth films for MoS2, WS2, and NbS2 films, but dewetting of TaS2, and ribbons for ReS2. These results provide guidance for designing new processes for synthesizing 2D TMDCs.
Analyzing voltage bias and temperature induced aging effects in photonic interconnects for manycore computing

Silicon photonic interconnects are being considered for integration in future networks-on-chip (NoCs) as they can enable higher bandwidth and lower latency data transfers at the speed of light. Such photonic interconnects consist of photonic waveguides with dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) for signal traversal and microring resonators (MRs) for signal modulation and detection. To enable MRs to modulate and detect DWDM photonic signals, carrier injection in MRs through their voltage biasing is essential. But long-term operation of MRs with constant or time-varying temperature and voltage biasing causes aging. Such voltage bias temperature induced (VBTI) aging in MRs leads to resonance wavelength drifts and Q-factor degradation, which increases signal loss and energy delay product in photonic NoCs (PNoCs) that utilize photonic interconnects. This paper explores VBTI aging in MRs and demonstrates its impacts on PNoC architectures for the first time. Our system-level experimental results on two PNoC architectures indicate that VBTI aging increases signal loss in these architectures by up to 7.6dB and increases EDP by up to 26.8% over a span of 5 years.
‘The ‘Craic’1 Market’: Irish Theme Bars and the Commodification of Irishness in Contemporary Britain

This article analyses the rise of the Irish theme bar in Britain during the last decade as an example of cultural commodification in the context of Late Capitalism. The paper is also designed to examine the form such bars have taken and suggests that this process represents an example of the reification and consumption of an ethnic identity through a system of signification. The article begins by exploring the emergence of a ‘night-time economy’ in the ‘post-industrial city’ as the material context for the commodification of Irishness in the form of the theme bar. It then traces the development and spread of such theme bars from the early 1990s onward. The relationship between the growth of such bars and the advertising campaigns and marketing strategies of a number of major brewing companies will also be viewed. The nature of long-established images of Irish people in general and of the Irish migrant community in Britain in particular will also be discussed as an important context for the symbolic repres...
Role of Preventability in Redefining Failure to Rescue Among Major Trauma Patients

This cohort study assesses the role of preventability in the definition of failure to rescue when reviewing surgical performance for trauma patients who died after emergency surgery.
Designing an Interdisciplinary Management Plan as a Capstone Experience in a Conservation and Wildlife Management Class

The academic fields of conservation biology and wildlife management have become highly interdisciplinary. The political, economic, sociological, and ethical dimensions within these fields must be studied and considered by students as conservationists put their management plans into practice. This paper presents a semester-long project for undergraduates in which they design a comprehensive interdisciplinary management plan that will enhance their understanding of conservation and wildlife management.
Pressure correction for the computation of nitrate concentrations in seawater using an in situ ultraviolet spectrophotometer

The most accurate calculation of nitrate concentration from the ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrum of seawater requires that the absorption signal due to bromide in seawater be removed before nitrate concentrations are computed. Recent work suggests that the UV absorption spectrum of bromide in seawater has a pressure dependence. Neglect of this signal could add a bias when nitrate concentrations at high pressure are computed from UV measurements. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the pressure dependence of the bromide absorption in seawater. Our results confirm the existence of a pressure coefficient in the bromide spectrum. The percentage change in bromide molar absorptivity is wavelength and temperature independent. The effect of pressure on the absorptivity of sea salt (ESW), which is dominated by bromide ion, can therefore be calculated as ESW pressure=ESW 1 dbar∗ (1 – 0.0 26 ∗ Pressure (dbar)/1000) The correction amounts to an error of around 0.95 μM nitrate at 1000 dbar. The pressure correction should be used in the calculations of nitrate concentrations from UV absorption spectra at high pressures.
GAPDH and Tumorigenesis: Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Development and Survival

GAPDH expression is increased in all tumor cells that have been studied. Originally, this was thought to be a reflection of the Warburg effect, i.e., the need of tumors, which grow in hypoxic conditions to synthesis ATP by glycolysis. With the identification of GAPDH as a moonlighting protein, its other functions have been investigated in tumor cells. These include the role of GAPDH in cancer survival through its inhibition of both apoptosis and caspase-independent cell death; the facilitation of tumor angiogenesis to provide requisite nutrients and essential factors; the stabilization of tumor specific mRNA to facilitate cancer development; and its role as a transcription factor to regulate the expression of tumor-specific genes. In contrast, evidence is presented that GAPDH may function as a cancer preventive agent through its secretion by normal cells to inhibit tumor growth and by its ability as a telomerase-binding protein to induce cell senescence.
Pediatric Caries Risk Assessment as a Predictor of Caries Outcomes.

Purpose To determine cumulative dental treatment experience in a retrospective clinical cohort, according to baseline caries risk assessment (CRA) information. Methods Evaluated were electronic records from a university pediatric dental clinic (2009 to 2014) of new, six- to 72- month-old patients who were not treated under sedation or general anesthesia (N equals 750). The mean number of teeth restored or extracted (two-year total and omitting the first 190 days post-baseline to discount initial treatment needs) was compared by baseline CRA category and CRA items (caries risk indicators, protective items, and clinical disease indicators). Results The CRA category was associated with mean treated teeth over two years (low equals 0.53, moderate equals 1.02, high/extreme equals 4.47) and post 190 days (low equals 0.51, moderate equals 0.89, high/extreme equals 2.11). Any treatment probability was greatest for high/extreme-risk children but not statistically significantly different between low- and moderate-risk. Age-standardized means were greater for all individual baseline clinical indicators and most risk indicators, but lower for most protective items (not statistically significantly for all items). Clinical indicators were the strongest outcome correlates. Conclusions In this population, baseline risk information was associated with clinical outcomes. CRA can help identify patients needing more intensive caries prevention.
Mercury content of blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) from southern New England coastal habitats: Contamination in an emergent fishery and risks to human consumers

Abstract Total mercury (Hg; ppm dry weight) was measured in blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, collected from Narraganset Bay and adjacent coastal lagoons and tidal rivers (Rhode Island/Massachusetts, USA) from May to August 2006–2016. For juvenile crabs (21–79 mm carapace width, CW), total Hg was significantly greater in chelae muscle tissue (mean ± 1 SD = 0.32 ± 0.21 ppm; n = 65) relative to whole bodies (0.21 ± 0.16 ppm; n = 19), and irrespective of tissue-type, crab Hg was positively related to CW indicating bioaccumulation of the toxicant. Across a broader range of crab sizes (43–185 mm CW; n = 465), muscle Hg concentrations were significantly higher in crabs from the Taunton River relative to other locations (0.71 ± 0.35 ppm and 0.20 ± 0.10 ppm, respectively). Spatial variations in crab Hg dynamics were attributed to habitat-specific Hg burdens of their prey, including bivalves, gastropods, polychaetes, and shrimp. Prey Hg, in turn, was directly related to localized sediment Hg and methylmercury conditions. Biota-sediment accumulation factors for crabs and prey were negatively correlated with sediment organic content, verifying that organically-enriched substrates reduce Hg bioavailability. From a human health perspective, frequent consumption of crabs from the Taunton River may pose a human health risk (23% of legal-size crabs exceeded US EPA threshold level); thus justifying spatially-explicit Hg advisories for this species.
Nanoelectronics enabled chronic multimodal neural platform in a mouse ischemic model.

Abstract Background Despite significant advancements of optical imaging techniques for mapping hemodynamics in small animal models, it remains challenging to combine imaging with spatially resolved electrical recording of individual neurons especially for longitudinal studies. This is largely due to the strong invasiveness to the living brain from the penetrating electrodes and their limited compatibility with longitudinal imaging. New method We implant arrays of ultraflexible nanoelectronic threads (NETs) in mice for neural recording both at the brain surface and intracortically, which maintain great tissue compatibility chronically. By mounting a cranial window atop of the NET arrays that allows for chronic optical access, we establish a multimodal platform that combines spatially resolved electrical recording of neural activity and laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) of cerebral blood flow (CBF) for longitudinal studies. Results We induce peri-infarct depolarizations (PIDs) by targeted photothrombosis, and show the ability to detect its occurrence and propagation through spatiotemporal variations in both extracellular potentials and CBF. We also demonstrate chronic tracking of single-unit neural activity and CBF over days after photothrombosis, from which we observe reperfusion and increased firing rates. Comparison with existing method(s) This multimodal platform enables simultaneous mapping of neural activity and hemodynamic parameters at the microscale for quantitative, longitudinal comparisons with minimal perturbation to the baseline neurophysiology. Conclusion The ability to spatiotemporally resolve and chronically track CBF and neural electrical activity in the same living brain region has broad applications for studying the interplay between neural and hemodynamic responses in health and in cerebrovascular and neurological pathologies.
Families with newborns: Using a cartographic model to identify those who are at risk for fires.

Abstract We assessed whether a home fire safety intervention targeting families with newborn children in Jefferson County, Kentucky, reached those at severe risk using a cartographic model. Demographic and economic factors of 61 families were compared by census tract. Using geographic information systems (GIS), families were assigned a risk level (low, medium, high, or severe) based on the risk model. Families who participated differed from census tracts in that of being minority race (p = 0.01). The median risk category of the families was medium risk. Sixty-five tracts were identified as high or severe risk and in need of future intervention. The model yielded a way to prioritize at-risk families. GIS is a useful tool for examining whether prevention interventions reached those in the severe risk category.
Energy Modeling and Forecasting at the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration

The application of a combined set of energy and economic models describing the complex interactions of the nation's energy system improved the planning processes at the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration for new technology development. The models include econometric techniques for macroeconomic projections, input-output techniques for sector detail, linear programming approaches for resource allocation, and accounting tools for other physical constraints. Comparison studies on the use of energy prices above versus a combination of energy prices and new technology show that new technology permits higher gross national product growth rate, more jobs, lower delivered energy prices, and improved energy-economic efficiency.
LUVOIR primary mirror segment alignment control with joint laser metrology and segment edge sensing

An approach is developed for the alignment and stability maintenance of the LUVOIR segmented primary mirror using a segment state estimation and wavefront control method based on a hybrid segment motion sensing architecture of laser truss metrology and segment edge sensors. Our current computer model was generated for LUVOIR Architecture Option A with a 15-meter aperture, 120-segment primary mirror. The methodology and simulation results will be presented and analyzed. JPL has a long history of technology development in laser metrology and edge sensors, including work in SIM [7], Keck and TMT [8], CCAT [3] and LUVOIR [1]. We will discuss our current efforts of LUVOIR laser metrology and edge-sensor models development, showing sensitivities of sensor measurements to various LUVOIR mirror eigen-modes, removing global modes and strengthening weak modes by performing joint (hybrid) lasermetrology and edge sensing. We will define and derive an important performance metric called wavefront error multiplier (WEM), and show that WEM provides a simple link between sensor errors and the closed-loop (controlled) system wavefront error. We will show WEM values for several hybrid sensor configuration options studied. We will discuss an algorithm for mirror shape control and maintenance through segment state and wavefront estimations using joint edge-metrology sensing. We will compare simulated performance of mirror state estimation, wavefront estimation and wavefront control based on joint edge-metrology sensing among several sensor configurations, and show the impact of sensor error distributions on the segmented mirror alignment performance. Mirror shape control performance will also be evaluated in the context of imaging contrast between inner working angles (IWA) and outer working angles (OWA) of a LUVOIR coronagraph.
Optimal Bayesian clustering using non-negative matrix factorization

Abstract Bayesian model-based clustering is a widely applied procedure for discovering groups of related observations in a dataset. These approaches use Bayesian mixture models, estimated with MCMC, which provide posterior samples of the model parameters and clustering partition. While inference on model parameters is well established, inference on the clustering partition is less developed. A new method is developed for estimating the optimal partition from the pairwise posterior similarity matrix generated by a Bayesian cluster model. This approach uses non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to provide a low-rank approximation to the similarity matrix. The factorization permits hard or soft partitions and is shown to perform better than several popular alternatives under a variety of penalty functions.
Safety of prone jackknife position in ambulatory anorectal surgery

Background and Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine morbidity and mortality rates of ambulatory anorectal surgeries in prone jackknife position. Patients and Methods: Retrospective chart analysis on 210 patients undergoing ambulatory anorectal surgery in the prone jackknife position. The primary endpoint studied was mortality and complication rates. Other factors analyzed were age, sex, clinical diagnosis, procedure, past medical history, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, current smoking status, mean pre- and post-operative mean arterial pressure (MAP), mean minimum intraoperative MAP, minimum intraoperative O2saturation, estimated blood loss, fluids given, anesthesia duration, antibiotic administration, and days to discharge and whether there were any readmissions within 30 days. To assess significant differences between pre-, intra-, and post-operative mean arterial pressure, one-way ANOVA was used. Results: There was no mortality within 30 days of surgery. Complication rate was 3.3% with urinary retention being the most common, comprising 42% of all complications. Thirty-day readmission rate from surgery was 1%. Mean pre- and post-operative MAP was 88.4 ± 11.4 and 90.6 ± 11.9, respectively. Mean minimum intraoperative MAP and O2saturation was 70.6 ± 9.5 and 98.7% ± 1.6%, respectively. Mean minimum intraoperative MAP was significantly decreased compared to mean pre- and post-operative MAP (P
Neurocognitive function in moderate-severe pediatric atopic dermatitis: A case-control study.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Epidemiological studies have shown an increased prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with atopic dermatitis (AD), but many of the features of ADHD may occur as a result of the poor sleep and itch distraction associated with AD. METHODS A case-control study was performed in children aged 6-17 years with moderate/severe AD compared with age-/sex-matched healthy controls. Participants were screened for ADHD using Vanderbilt assessments. RESULTS Seventeen patients with AD and 18 controls completed the study. Two children with AD (11.7%) and one control (5.56%) met screening criteria for ADHD via parent-completed Vanderbilt assessments; AD patients were not significantly more likely to screen positive for ADHD (P = 0.47), or comorbid behavior disorders (P = 0.23). However, AD patients were more likely than controls to exhibit ADHD-associated behaviors, most significantly inattention. CONCLUSIONS Our AD cohort did not have a significantly increased prevalence of ADHD. Certain neurocognitive symptoms are increased in children with moderate-to-severe AD compared to controls.
Disability- and Accessibility-Related Library Graduate-School Education from the Student Perspective

This study explored library graduate student perceptions of their readiness for and comfort levels in doing activities related to accessibility and disability. The study also aimed to determine the...
Expanding the Design Space of Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering to Include Precipitation-Based Objectives and Explore Trade-offs

Abstract. Previous climate modeling studies demonstrate the ability of feedback-regulated, stratospheric aerosol geoengineering with injection at multiple independent latitudes to meet multiple simultaneous temperature-based objectives in the presence of anthropogenic climate change. However, the impacts of climate change are not limited to rising temperatures but also include changes in precipitation, loss of sea ice, and many more; knowing how a given geoengineering strategy will affect each of these climate metrics is vital to understanding the limits and trade-offs of geoengineering. In this study, we first introduce a new method of visualizing the design space in which desired climate outcomes are represented by 2-D surfaces on a 3-D graph. Surface orientations represent how different injection choices influence that objective, and intersecting surfaces represent objectives which can be met simultaneously. Using this representation as a guide, we present simulations of two new strategies for feedback-regulated aerosol injection, using the Community Earth System Model with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model – CESM1(WACCM). The first simultaneously manages global mean temperature, tropical precipitation centroid, and Arctic sea ice extent, while the second manages global mean precipitation, tropical precipitation centroid, and Arctic sea ice extent. Both simulations control the tropical precipitation centroid to within 5 % of the goal, and the latter controls global mean precipitation to within 1 % of the goal. Additionally, the first simulation overcompensates sea ice, while the second undercompensates sea ice; all of these results are consistent with the expectations of our design space model. In addition to showing that precipitation-based climate metrics can be managed using feedback alongside other goals, our simulations validate the utility of our design space visualization in predicting our climate model behavior under a given geoengineering strategy, and together they help illustrate the fundamental limits and trade-offs of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering.
The mouse model of fragile X syndrome exhibits deficits in contagious itch behavior

Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) imitate observed behavior less than age-matched and typically developing peers, resulting in deterred learning ability and social interaction. However, this deficit lacks preclinical assessment tools. A previous study has shown that mice exhibit contagious itch behavior while viewing a scratching demonstrator mouse, as opposed to an ambulating demonstrator mouse, but whether autism mouse models imitate observed scratching behavior remains unknown. Here, we investigated contagious itch behavior in the mouse model of fragile X syndrome (FXS), a common form of inherited intellectual disabilities with a high risk for ASDs. We found that the mouse model of FXS shows deficits in contagious itch behavior. Our findings can be used as a new preclinical assessment tool for measuring imitative deficits in the study of neurodevelopmental disorders including FXS.
TOWARD A PROOF OF LONG RANGE ORDER IN 4D SU(N) LATTICE GAUGE THEORY

An extended version of four-dimensional (4D) SU(2) lattice gauge theory is considered in which different inverse coupling parameters are used, $\beta_H = 4/g_{H}^2$ for plaquettes which are purely space-like, and βV for those which involve the Euclidean time-like direction. It is shown that when βH = ∞ the partition function becomes, in the Coulomb gauge, exactly that of a set of non-interacting three-dimensional (3D) O(4) classical Heisenberg models. Long range order (LRO) at low temperatures (weak coupling) has been rigorously proven for this model. It is shown that the correlation function demonstrating spontaneous magnetization in the ferromagnetic phase is a continuous function of gH at gH = 0 and therefore, that the spontaneously broken phase enters the (βH, βV) phase plane (no step discontinuity at the edge). Once the phase transition line has entered, it can only exit at another identified edge, which requires the SU(2) gauge theory within also to have a phase transition at finite β. A phase exhib...
Organophosphorus-catalyzed relay oxidation of H-Bpin: electrophilic C-H borylation of heteroarenes.

A nontrigonal phosphorus triamide (1, P{N[o-NMe-C6H4]2}) is shown to catalyze C–H borylation of electron-rich heteroarenes with pinacolborane (HBpin) in the presence of a mild chloroalkane reagent. C–H borylation proceeds for a range of electron-rich heterocycles including pyrroles, indoles, and thiophenes of varied substitution. Mechanistic studies implicate an initial P–N cooperative activation of HBpin by 1 to give P-hydrido diazaphospholene 2, which is diverted by Atherton–Todd oxidation with chloroalkane to generate P-chloro diazaphospholene 3. DFT calculations suggest subsequent oxidation of pinacolborane by 3 generates chloropinacolborane (ClBpin) as a transient electrophilic borylating species, consistent with observed substituent effects and regiochemical outcomes. These results illustrate the targeted diversion of established reaction pathways in organophosphorus catalysis to enable a new mode of main group-catalyzed C–H borylation.
Common deleterious germline variants shape the urothelial cancer genome

Introduction The prevalence and biological consequences of deleterious germline variants (DGVs) in urothelial cancer (UC) are unknown. Methods We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 158 tumors and corresponding germline DNA from 80 UC patients at Weill-Cornell Medicine (WCM). We developed a novel computational framework (DGVar) to detect DGVs from germline WES data and predict their biological functions. We used strict criteria to identify truncating variants in 1604 tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) from germline WES data. We assessed germline-somatic interactions over the lifetime of each tumor. We confirmed our findings by applying DGVar to germline WES from 398 patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We performed extensive validation of our results in other UC cohorts and whole-exome sequencing data from more than 13,000 non-cancer subjects. Results DGVs were identified in 45/80 patients (56%) of the WCM UC cohort and 315 DGVs in 48% (190/398) of patients in the TCGA UC cohort. DGVs were significantly more common in UC patients of WCM and TCGA compared to 2,504 subjects from the 1000 genome project (1KGP) population (p Conclusions We show that close half of UC patients harbor DGVs, which potentially play a critical role in UC initiation and progression. Our results redefine the landscape of germline variants in urothelial cancer and provide a pivotal new understanding of their unique role in the biology of the disease.
Learning a Privacy-Preserving Global Feature Set for Mood Classification Using Smartphone Activity and Sensor Data

This paper presents a proof-of-concept demonstrating the feasibility of global (non-person specific) mood classification using smartphone data. We employed a publicly available dataset consisting of six weeks of phone activity data. It included call, SMS, and app events along with up to five self-reported mood entries per day for 27 subjects. While existing efforts have explored person-specific and one-vs-one mood classification models, we show that a global, multiclass mood prediction model is achievable with 65% mood classification accuracy. Our global model aims to protect the privacy of smartphone users, especially since existing research employ a mobile app to track the specific daily actions of users to infer their levels of valence and arousal. Our findings show that features representative of app, call, and text messaging patterns and previous levels of valence and arousal may be most useful for mood detection. After evaluating all features using four different feature selectors, we found that the salient feature set only resulted in a 2% degradation in performance compared to the use of all features. As our results are data-dependent, our future research will involve data collection on a much larger scale to further evaluate the feasibility of privacy-preserving mood classification. Since this work is focused on smartphone devices, our work could lead to privacy-preserving objective measurement of mood for counseling services and user-friendly mHealth applications.