cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of low and high concentrations of 4-aminopyridine on axonal conduction in normal and injured spinal cord

Blockade of potassium channels with the drug 4-aminopyridine has been shown to effect recovery of action potential conduction in myelinated axons under a variety of pathological conditions, but the mechanism and significance of this phenomenon are not completely understood. This study examined the effects of a range of 4-aminopyridine concentrations on conduction in an experimental model of chronic spinal cord injury in guinea-pigs, using sucrose-gap recording from isolated spinal cord strips. The amplitude of the compound action potential increased in response to bath application of 4-aminopyridine, with a threshold between 0.5 and 1 microM and the peak response between 10 and 100 microns. Conduction was suppressed at concentrations of 1 and 10 mM. Uninjured white matter showed no effect on the compound potential of 4-aminopyridine below 1 mM, but there was a similar suppression at concentrations above 1 mM, accompanied by marked membrane depolarization. Peripheral nerve showed only slight action potential suppression and depolarization in the presence of 10 mM 4-aminopyridine. The sensitivity of injured axons to 1 microM 4-aminopyridine is consistent with the hypothesis that some beneficial effects of the drug seen in patients with spinal cord injury are related to improved conduction in myelinated axons, since cerebrospinal fluid levels of 4-aminopyridine should approach this concentration following clinical systemic doses, although it remains likely that synaptic effects also play a role. The blockade of action potential conduction produced by much higher levels of 4-aminopyridine in vitro is possibly a consequence of interference with the resting potential mechanism of the axon membrane, which appears to differ between central and peripheral nerve fibers.
Incorporating Financial Applications in Signal Processing Curricula

Modern signal processing heavily relies on probability and statistics. Naturally, these subjects are emphasized in the signal processing curricula at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. Historically, however, both probability and statistics were developed to solve various applied problems arising in economics and finance.
p-Adic Hecke L-Functions and Their μ-Invariants

We first recall the construction of p-adic Hecke L-functions. We follow Katz [K2] and [HT2], which covers general CM fields also.
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)-Human Neuron Interaction

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a highly neurotropic, exclusively human herpesvirus. Primary infection causes varicella (chickenpox), wherein VZV replicates in multiple organs, particularly the skin. Widespread infection in vivo is confirmed by the ability of VZV to kill tissue culture cells in vitro derived from any organ. After varicella, VZV becomes latent in ganglionic neurons along the entire neuraxis. During latency, virus DNA replication stops, transcription is restricted, and no progeny virions are produced, indicating a unique virus-cell (neuron) relationship. VZV reactivation produces zoster (shingles), often complicated by serious neurological and ocular disorders. The molecular trigger(s) for reactivation, and thus the identity of a potential target to prevent it, remains unknown due to an incomplete understanding of the VZV-neuron interaction. While no in vitro system has yet recapitulated the findings in latently infected ganglia, recent studies show that VZV infection of human neurons in SCID mice and of human stem cells, including induced human pluripotent stem cells and normal human neural progenitor tissue-like assemblies, can be established in the absence of a cytopathic effect. Usefulness of these systems in discovering the mechanisms underlying reactivation awaits analyses of VZV-infected, highly pure (>90%), terminally differentiated human neurons capable of prolonged survival in vitro.
The muonic X rays of 107Ag and 109Ag

Abstract The muonic X rays of 107 Ag and 109 Ag have been observed and the isotope shift of the K lines has been measured. Adequate agreement is found between the change of the RMS radius obtained from muonic X rays and from optical spectroscopy.
A Retrospective Review of Social Networks

Social network analysis deals with the interactions between individuals by considering them as nodes of a network (graph) whereas their relations are mapped as net-work edges. Study of such structures lies on the intersection of two different areas of research: sociology and graph theory. In this paper we give an overview of the mathematical concepts used for studying these networks as well as the major methodologies employed for the study of them. Most prominent applications and dominant research trends of the field are also discussed.
Interstitial fluid pressure regulates collective invasion in engineered human breast tumors via Snail, vimentin, and E-cadherin

Many solid tumors exhibit elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP). This elevated pressure within the core of the tumor results in outward flow of interstitial fluid to the tumor periphery. We previously found that the directionality of IFP gradients modulates collective invasion from the surface of patterned three-dimensional (3D) aggregates of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Here, we used this 3D engineered tumor model to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying IFP-induced changes in invasive phenotype. We found that IFP alters the expression of genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Specifically, the levels of Snail, vimentin, and E-cadherin were increased under pressure conditions that promoted collective invasion. These changes in gene expression were sufficient to direct collective invasion in response to IFP. Furthermore, we found that IFP modulates the motility and persistence of individual cells within the aggregates, which are also influenced by the expression levels of EMT markers. Together, these data provide insight into the molecular mechanisms that guide collective invasion from primary tumors in response to IFP.
Minimal Conditions for the Survival of the Euro

Most technocrats argue that creating the euro was a way of forcing the pace of political integration, since monetary union is not possible without political union. We disagree and instead put forward four minimal conditions for the survival of the euro. Political integration in Europe has its limits; the trick is to understand when less is more.
Cabbage Maggot Management Aided by Predictions of Adult Emergence

A single, accurately-timed spray of fensulfothion or carbofuran, to coincide with Hylemya brassicae (Bouche) fly emergence for each generation, was as good as or better than soil treatments at planting or up to 21 regular weekly sprays. The best method to determine dates for timed sprays was on-site air temperature measurements to calculate thermal unit (TU) accumulations. Slightly less efficient predictive methods for adult emergence included adult trapping on sticky stakes, on-site soil TU, off-site air TU, and phenological observations. On-site air TU accumulations in conjunction with fly trapping is being used as a practical pest management practice in Wisconsin.
Fourier Transform Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy for Quantitative Analysis of Gas Mixtures at Low Temperatures for Homeland Security Applications.

Performance standard specifications for point chemical vapor detectors are established in ASTM E2885-13 and ASTM E2933-13. The performance evaluation of the detectors requires the accurate delivery of known concentrations of the chemical target to the system under test. Referee methods enable the analyte test concentration and associated uncertainties in the analyte test concentration to be validated by independent analysis, which is especially important for reactive analytes. This work extends the capability of a previously demonstrated method for using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) absorption spectroscopy for quantitatively evaluating the composition of vapor streams containing hazardous materials at acute exposure guideline levels (AEGL) to include test conditions colder than laboratory ambient temperatures. The described method covers the use of primary reference spectra to establish analyte concentrations, the generation of secondary reference spectra suitable for measuring analyte concentrations under specified testing environments, and the use of additional reference spectra and spectral profile strategies to mitigate the uncertainties due to impurities and water condensation within the low-temperature (7°C, −5°C) test cell. Important benefits of this approach include verification of the test analyte concentration with characterized uncertainties by in situ measurements co-located with the detector under test, near-real-time feedback, and broad applicability to toxic industrial chemicals.
Anesthetic Management for Corrective Repair of Complete Transposition of Great Arteries

Objective To summarize clinical management for corrective operation of complete transposition of great arteries and the influence factors on its.Methods Two hundred and thirty patients(age7 years)with complete transposition of great arteries(TGA)who underwent corrective operation from Jan.2004 to Dec.2008 were reviewed.They were divided into 3 groups according to their clinical diagnosis:group Ⅰ(n=73)included TGA with intact ventricular septum(TGA/IVS),group Ⅱ(n=118)included TGA with ventricular septal defect(TGA/VSD),and group Ⅲ(n=39)included TGA with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction(TGA/LVOTO).The patients in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ underwent arterial switch operation(ASO),and the patients in group Ⅲ received Rastelli procedure,modified REV procedure or modified Nikaidoh procedure.Results The median age was 0.3 years(ranging from 1 day to 7 years)and median body weight was 5.0 kg(ranging from 2.4 to 23.0 kg)in all patients.The median cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)time(279 min,ranging from 100 to 501 min)and the cross-clamp time(191 min,ranging from 80 to 281 min)in Group Ⅲ were the longest in the 3 groups.There were 22(9.6%)perioperative deaths of all patients.Ten cases deaths in groupⅠ(13.7%),9 cases in group Ⅱ(7.6%)and 3 cases in group Ⅲ(7.6%).In groupⅠ,there were 2 patients with preoperative severe metabolic acidosis,without balloon atrial septostomy before emergent ASO procedure,and died from low cardiac output after operation.Three patients died from acute left heart failure.The other 5 deaths were related to cardiovascular lesions.In group Ⅱ,3 patients died from arrhythmia,3 patients died from lung infection after reintubation,1 patient with coarctation of the aorta died from brain problem,and 2 patients died from lung infection following emergent ASO operation after left ventricular training.In Group Ⅲ,3 patients,below the median age in this group,died from postoperative low cardiac output following longer CPB time.There were 16 patients with anomalous coronary arteries in total,and 8 of them died.Conclusions In patients with TGA/IVS,preoperative Balloon Atrial Septostomy for patients with severe metabolic acidosis,and careful treatment of the left heart function affected outcome of ASO procedure.In patients with TGA/VSD,postoperative arrhythmia and lung infection increased mortality.Patients with TGA/LVOTO had longer CPB and cross-clamp time,and the younger patients had a higher mortality risk.
A immunization card design of rabies vaccine for human use

Objective To do a good job of rabies vaccine for human use by the persons in the prevention of rabies. Methods With rabies vaccination program features and Excel spreadsheet processing software function combined,a formulas was created to generate vaccination time sequence. Excel started,a file was created and named Rabiesvaccines.xls;In the corresponding cells were respectively input with"rabies vaccination card";"name,gender and age";" the inoculating needle and 1,2,3","program (day) and 0,7,21","Injection dose and 2,1,1";"expected dates of v accination";"=B7+7","=B7+21","the actual date of vaccination,signature of inoculation and vaccination staff,name of vaccination unit"and"such-and-such vaccination clinic". The table was adjusted. Results With the immunization card printed out,the writing on the card was clear,and the accurate rate reached 100%. Conclusion The card design principle was simple and clear. The automatic generation of data on vaccination time sequence realized,the work efficiency and the work quality were improved.
The Physician and Resource Allocation

Even though there is substantial pressure on physicians to significantly reduce the amount of public monies spent on geriatric health care, it is improper for physicians to let financial concerns take precedence over their obligations to care for the patients who seek their services and assistance. The doctor/patient relationship demands that the physician be faithful to the cause of meeting the needs of patients. This faith is kept by taking all necessary steps to respect and promote the autonomy of patients. This is best done by adhering to a commitment of pursuing a process of communication with patients that leads to the attainment of informed consent or refusal from patients. Two consequences likely to follow are protection of many patients from protracted, miserable deaths because of less use of invasive medical procedures, and subsequent financial savings from this lower degree of use.
Computed Tomographic Angiography in the Assessment of Congenital Heart Disease and Coronary Artery Anomalies

Advances in medical and surgical care have significantly increased the numbers of children and adults living with congenital heart disease (CHD). This chapter will discuss anatomical and imaging considerations for the major CHD lesions. Additionally, the role of computed tomography in the planning of percutaneous and surgical repairs will be addressed, as well as the use of this modality to monitor for possible post-intervention complications. Finally, clinically significant coronary anomalies will be reviewed.
The MIT database accelerator: 2K-TRIT circuit design

The computational speed of a conventional von Neumann computer architecture is limited primarily by the data path bottleneck between the memory and the central processing unit (CPU). One solution to this problem is to eliminate the separation between the CPU and memory by moving the processor functions directly into the memory. The Database Accelerator (DBA) chip is an attempt to merge these two functions by incorporating high density content-addressable memory (CAM) in a multi-purpose parallel processor architecture. The DBA chip can be used as a conventional CAM with arbitrary word lengths and depths supporting arithmetic comparison, approximate matching, and other relational operations. There are a variety of additional applications which exploit the architecture of the DBA chip. [1]
ROR2 in the adult mouse testis.

Sertoli cells in the adult testis serve a secretory function and have a key structural role in the blood testis barrier (BTB). The BTB prevents meiotic spermatocytes from entering the blood and mounting an immune response. Spermatogonial maturation proceeds from the periphery of the seminiferous tubules towards the lumen, while maintaining constant contact with Sertoli cells. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
MUOS satellite communication beyond latitude 65° North

This paper describes the underlying rationale for the specified MUOS ± 65° latitude coverage limits, and the potential for coverage beyond these limits. The satellite coverage extension is based on the tradeoff in reduced temporal availability. The duration of coverage prediction as a function of MUOS terminal geodetic datum locations is theoretically derived from the published NAVSOC MUOS satellite ephemeris data for the period of interest. A measurement setup to validate the satellite coverage potentials and the communication link quality was implemented onboard USCGC HEALY on its 2015 summer voyage to the North Pole. The resultant measurement data collected is also discussed.
FCR-3 as Frontline Therapy for Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL).

Abstract The combination regimen of Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide, and Rituximab (FCR) has produced high overall response (OR) rates and complete remission (CR) rates in patients receiving this as initial treatment for CLL. Earlier studies have shown that dose-dense or dose-intensified regimens of single-agent Rituximab produced higher response rates in patients with CLL. The current regimen, FCR-3, was based on the hypothesis that increasing the amount of Rituximab in the combination might improve response rates and remission duration. Doses of chemotherapy were Fludarabine 25 mg/m2/Dx3, and Cyclophosphamide 250 mg/m2/Dx3 given monthly. Rituximab was given at 375 mg/m2 as the first dose and 500 mg/m2 for all subsequent doses. On each day of the chemotherapy a dose of Rituximab was given so 3 doses were given monthly. With the previous FCR regimen 45% of patients achieved a CR or nPR and had 3 Cycles 6 Cycles No. RR(%) OR CR Flow FCR 300 45 95 72 82 FCR-3 65 45 94 65 74 PCR negativity using consensus primer PCR was achieved in 49% of patients at the end of therapy. Median number of days between courses ranges from 29–35 per course (overall range 27–95). Eighty-five percent of patients completed 6 cycles. No patient has progressed with a median follow-up of 10 months. With limited follow-up the addition of 3 doses of Rituximab to FC chemotherapy does not appear to provide greater benefit than one dose.
Evolving micro for 3D Real-Time Strategy games

This paper extends prior work in generating two dimensional micro for Real-Time Strategy games to three dimensions. We extend our influence map and potential fields representation to three dimensions and compare two hill-climbers with a genetic algorithm on the problem of generating high performance influence map, potential field, and reactive control parameters that control the behavior of units in an open source Real-Time Strategy game. Results indicate that genetic algorithms evolve better behaviors for ranged units that inflict damage on enemies while kiting to avoid damage. Additionally, genetic algorithms evolve better behaviors for melee units that concentrate firepower on selective enemies to decrease the opposing army's effectiveness. Evolved behaviors, particularly for ranged units, generalize well to new scenarios. Our work thus provides evidence for the viability of an influence map and potential fields based representation for reactive control algorithms in games, 3D simulations, and aerial vehicle swarms.
Black-Box proof of knowledge of plaintext and multiparty computation with low communication overhead

We present a 2-round protocol to prove knowledge of a plaintext corresponding to a given ciphertext. Our protocol is black-box in the underlying cryptographic primitives and it can be instantiated with almost any fully homomorphic encryption scheme. Since our protocol is only 2 rounds it cannot be zero-knowledge [GO94]; instead, we prove that our protocol ensures the semantic security of the underlying ciphertext. To illustrate the merit of this relaxed proof of knowledge property, we use our result to construct a secure multi-party computation protocol for evaluating a function f in the standard model using only black-box access to a threshold fully homomorphic encryption scheme. This protocol requires communication that is independent of |f|; while Gentry [Gen09a] has previously shown how to construct secure multi-party protocols with similar communication rates, the use of our novel primitive (along with other new techniques) avoids the use of complicated generic white-box techniques (cf. PCP encodings [Gen09a] and generic zero-knowledge proofs [AJLA+12, LATV11].) In this sense, our work demonstrates in principle that practical TFHE can lead to reasonably practical secure computation.
Recalcitrant Fears of Death

AbstractAccording to what I will refer to as judgmentalist approaches to the fear of death (JFD), the fear of death conforms to the structure implied by judgmentalist theories of emotion. JFD holds that fears of death are constituted in part by evaluative judgments or beliefs about one’s own death. Although many philosophers endorse JFD (explicitly or implicitly), there is good reason to believe that it may be problematic. For, there is a troubling (and, for the purposes of this discussion, rather interesting) objection to judgmentalist theories of emotion; if judgmentalism is false, then so too is JFD. In brief, the worry with judgmentalist theories is this: it is sometimes the case that one has an emotion, but holds a belief (or beliefs) that is in tension with the emotion. For example, I sometimes fear flying despite the fact that I believe flying is not dangerous. Emotions of this sort are often referred to as recalcitrant emotions, and they are widely thought to pose a serious challenge to judgmental...
Understanding Factors Contributing to Inappropriate Critical Care: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Medical Record Documentation.

Abstract Background: Factors leading to inappropriate critical care, that is treatment that should not be provided because it does not offer the patient meaningful benefit, have not been rigorously characterized. Objective: We explored medical record documentation about patients who received inappropriate critical care and those who received appropriate critical care to examine factors associated with the provision of inappropriate treatment. Design: Medical records were abstracted from 123 patients who were assessed as receiving inappropriate treatment and 66 patients who were assessed as receiving appropriate treatment but died within six months of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. We used mixed methods combining qualitative analysis of medical record documentation with multivariable analysis to examine the relationship between patient and communication factors and the receipt of inappropriate treatment, and present these within a conceptual model. Setting: One academic health system. Results: Medica...
Therapeutic implications of heat-induced lung injury

The safe and effective use of interstitial thermal therapy (ITT, radiofrequency ablation) for treatment of lung neoplasms was examined in a preclinical model. Lesions were reproducibly created in normal lung parenchyma and were affected by conductive heat loss via air and blood flow and the presence of bronchi. These observations of controlled injury to lung tissue suggest that clinical application would be appropriate and may yield advantages to selected patients with lung neoplasms (lung cancer, pulmonary metastases, etc.) or other pulmonary diseases.
Missed opportunities for HPV immunization among young adult women.

Background Despite the availability of a safe and efficacious vaccine against human papillomavirus, uptake of the vaccine in the United States is low. Missed clinical opportunities to recommend and to administer human papillomavirus vaccine are considered one of the most important reasons for its low uptake in adolescents; however, little is known about the frequency or characteristics of missed opportunities in the young adult (18–26 years of age) population. Objective The objective of the study was to assess both the rates of and the factors associated with missed opportunities for human papillomavirus immunization among young adult women who attended an urban obstetrics and gynecology clinic. Study Design In this cross-sectional study, medical records were reviewed for all women 18–26 years of age who were underimmunized ( Results There were 1670 vaccine-eligible visits by 1241 underimmunized women, with a mean of 1.3 missed opportunities/person. During the study period, 833 of the vaccine eligible women (67.1%) had at least 1 missed opportunity. Overall, the most common types of visits during which a missed opportunity occurred were postpartum visits (17%) or visits for either sexually transmitted disease screening (21%) or contraception (33%). Of the patients with a missed opportunity, 26.5% had a visit at which an injectable medication or a different vaccine was administered. Women who identified their race as black had higher adjusted odds of having a missed opportunity compared with white women (adjusted odds ratio, 1.61 [95% confidence interval, 1.08–2.41], P Conclusion A majority of young-adult women in this study had missed opportunities for human papillomavirus immunization, and significant racial disparity was observed. The greatest frequency of missed opportunities occurred with visits for either contraception or for sexually transmitted disease screening.
All-source bidding: Extending integrated competition to utility resource procurement

Abstract When facing a resource need, utilities should use all-source bidding to help identify the highest value resources to procure. By soliciting proposals from suppliers across all resource options, the utility applies to procurement the same important principles that guide integrated resource planning. All-source bidding is not new, but many utilities have not used it. This article explains how all-source bidding works, describes the benefits, and offers practical recommendations for utilities and utility regulators.
Ab Initio Composite Approaches: Potential Energy Surfaces and Excited Electronic States

Abstract The correlation consistent composite approach (ccCA) is a thermochemical model devised to achieve energetics (i.e. enthalpies of formation, ionization potentials, and proton affinities) akin to those obtained using electronic correlation methods such as CCSD(T) at the complete basis set limit, but at much greater computational efficiency. While the approach has proven great utility, the prediction of features of potential energy surfaces, bond formation and bond breaking, and excited states can warrant a multireference wavefunction-based approach. This report illustrates the development of MR-ccCA, a multireference analog of ccCA, which is based upon a CASPT2 reference. The successful application of MR-ccCA has been demonstrated in the study of potential energy curves of C 2 , spectroscopic constants of C 2 , N 2 , and O 2 , and properties of silicon compounds and a few other first row and second row molecules.
Romantic/Marital, Parental, and Familial Relationship Policies in the US

Throughout its history, the United States of America (USA) has been characterized by a duality of cultural value sets that focus on (a) individuality, self-initiative, and privacy as well as (b) social conformity, charity, and social stability. Although there have been time periods when one value set has had more influence on family policy, neither value set has been able to retain prominence. This fluctuation in value prominence has resulted in policies that are transitory and prone to change. In addition, multiple levels of government (e.g., local, state, federal) can create family laws/policies, and there might be little consistency across the levels. Collectively, these conditions contribute to a public policy system that is fluid and emergent. This chapter will provide an overview of the (a) socioeconomic context and (b) specific aspects of family life (e.g., marriage, childrearing, work, care for vulnerable individuals) that are impacted by US policies. A list of specific policies (Table 24.1) is provided to exemplify the development of family laws over time.
Racial Disparity Among Women Diagnosed With Invasive Breast Cancer in a Large Integrated Health System.

Purpose Reasons for the well-described disparity in outcomes between African American (AA) and non-Hispanic white (NHW) women with invasive breast cancer are unclear, making it difficult to identify solutions. This study examined the effects of demographics, biomarkers, tumor characteristics, cancer stage, morphology, and treatment variables on overall and cancer-free survival in these patient populations. Methods We retrospectively reviewed data for 6231 patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer throughout an integrated health system from January 2006 through March 2015. Included for analysis were 5023 NHW and 413 AA women. All category and continuous variables in the study were described in the two groups using appropriate statistics. Kaplan-Meier method of survival with log-rank test was used to compare the two racial groups (NHW and AA). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to find hazard ratios for the predictors of survival and recurrence-free survival probability. Propensity probability match method (1:1) was used to match 319 NSW women to 319 similar AA women. Matching was done using all significant predictors, including demographic variables. Results Compared to NHW women, AA women presented with invasive breast cancer at a younger age (P<0.001) and had a higher proportion of stage IV cancers (P<0.001), which were more often infiltrating ductal carcinoma (P<0.003) and poorly differentiated (P<0.001). Within 10-year follow-up, AA women had shorter overall and recurrence-free survival (log-rank P<0.001), were 1.4 times more likely to die (P=0.009), and were twice as likely to have recurrence (P<0.001) than NHW women. In the matched groups, overall survival was similar for AA and NHW (log-rank P=0.0793); however, recurrence-free survival was higher in NHW than in AA women (P=0.047). Conclusions When presenting characteristics of AA and NHW women with invasive breast cancer are matched, disparity in overall mortality and rate of recurrence appears to be reduced or perhaps eliminated, suggesting invasive breast cancers in AA and NHW women respond similarly to treatment. Further study is needed to explore the true effect of biological factors; however, rectifying delivery of and access to care might be expected to mitigate, in large part, the racial disparity currently seen in breast cancer outcomes.
Suspicionless Laptop Searches Under the Border Search Doctrine: The Fourth Amendment Exception that Swallows Your Laptop

The Department of Homeland Security recently set forth a new policy allowing suspicionless searches of the data inside the laptops of international travelers upon entry into the United States. The government has justified these searches under the border search and special needs doctrines, which render constitutional any "routine" search performed at the international border. The logic behind the special needs doctrine is that the government can operate outside the traditional confines of the Fourth Amendment because there is something "special" about the border. However, where data is concerned, the special needs and border search doctrines do not apply, because data travels electronically via cyberspace, not through the United States' physical borders such as airports and highways. Therefore, the government has no special need to search data at these physical borders separate and apart from searching data in computers already inside the country. In fact, suspicionless data searches compromise border security by allowing officers to engage in time-consuming data searches instead of preventing the entry of weapons that can cause immediate harm. Since such data searches hurt rather than help to achieve border security, the government's interest in performing suspicionless data searches at the border does not outweigh an individual's interest in privacy. On balance, an individual's privacy interests should prevail. Consequently, the Policy allowing suspicionless searches of laptop data violates the Fourth Amendment.
Assisting with frustration in learning via machine learning and computer vision

Frustration in web-based learning is detected and alleviated through a system that incorporates Machine Learning, Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing. The first stage is determining when a student is experiencing a significant level of frustration. The second stage involves finding and presenting similar alternative content as "tips" to the student as a means of alleviating frustration. This system utilizes a mobile application featuring a web-brower that student use to go to any site, though the intention is to assist students in learning scenarios it is equally applicable to other web-based tasks. While the student is browsing, the app monitors the student using the front-facing camera and performs face detection which returns an ROI that is fed into an emotion detection system. A deep-learning CNN is used to perform the emotion detection yielding one of anger, fear, disgust, surprise, neutral, and happy. If a significate negative emotion is detected the system parses the currently viewed web page for content that is used directly in a search or first passed to an NLP stage. The NLP stage gives the saliency of the most prominent entities in the current web page content. The resulting information is used in a web search to form tips for the user. Real test results are given, and the success and challenges faced are presented along with future avenues of work.
An indentation-based approach to determine the elastic constants of soft anisotropic tissues.

Abstract Characterization of the mechanical properties of tissue can help to understand tissue mechanobiology, including disease diagnosis and progression. Indentation is increasingly used to measure the local mechanical properties of tissue, but it has not been fully adapted to capture anisotropic properties. This paper presents an indentation-based method to measure elastic constants of soft anisotropic tissues without additional mechanical tests. The approach uses measurement of the indentation modulus and the aspect ratio of the elliptical contact introduced by anisotropic mechanical properties of tissue to determine the elastic constants from finite element analysis. The imprinted area imparted by a fluorescent bead-coated spherical indenter showed the aspect ratio of the contact area, giving a generalized sense of the level of anisotropy, and instrumented indentation determined the indentation modulus. A parametric study using finite element simulation of the indentation tests established the relationship between the aspect ratio of contact and the non-dimensional ratios, Ex/Ey and Gxy/Ey; here, Ex and Ey are the Young's moduli (Ex > Ey) and Gxy is the shear modulus in the xy plane. For strongly anisotropic materials (Ex/Ey > 150), aspect ratio and indentation modulus are sufficient to determine Gxy and Ey. For weakly anisotropic materials, indentation modulus in the transverse direction, Ey, and the aspect ratio of contact in the anisotropic plane can be used to determine the elastic constants. The proposed approach improves the elastic characterization of soft, anisotropic biological materials from indentation and helps to elucidate the complex mechanical behavior of soft anisotropic tissues.
Targeting Subventricular Zone Progenitor Cells with Intraventricular Liposomal Encapsulated Cytarabine in Patients with Secondary Glioblastoma : A Report of Two Cases.

Current treatments for glioblastoma (GB), the most common and malignant primary brain tumor are inadequate, and as such, the median survival for most patients with GB is on the order of months, even after cytoreductive surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Current study reports two cases of glioblastoma (GB) with subventricular zone (SVZ) involvement. SVZ biopsies demonstrated the presence of hypercellularity, nestin immunoreactivity, and a Ki-67 labeling index (LI) of 1–2%. Interestingly, tumor morphology and proliferative indices are different in the SVZ specimens than the hemispheric recurrences, which displayed similar nestin immunoreactivity, but a greater LI of 10%. Biopsy specimens demonstrated both intense nestin immunoreactivity and GFAP immunoreactivity in and around the GB recurrence. Nestin positive cells were more abundant closer to the SVZ nearest to the dorsolateral horn of the left lateral ventricle, while GFAP immunoreactivity was more intense closer to the center of the tumor recurrence. Additionally, co-labeling of cells with Ki67 and several different progenitor markers (CD133, CD140, TUJ-1, and nestin) demonstrated that these cells found in and around the GB recurrence were actively dividing. Having failed standard therapy with evidence of bi-hemispheric spread and progression to GB, we report a novel approach of using intraventricular liposomal encapsulated cytarabine (DepoCyt) for the treatment for GB by suppressing glial progenitor cells that surround the ventricular system in patients with GB. MRI and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the SVZ is the incubator for future recurrences of GB and propose targeting SVZ progenitor cells with intraventricular liposomal encapsulated Ara-C. Two patients treated using this novel regimen have demonstrated partial radiographic responses warranting further studies looking at targeting the subventricular zone.
Origin of IgA in Tears of Rats

Publisher Summary Secretory IgA, the principle antibody in external secretions, protects mucosal surfaces against infectious disease. The source of this IgA might be diverse; depending upon the site, IgA might originate from either local synthesis and/or serum deposition. With respect to the ocular secretory immune system, the proportional contributions of local production versus serum transfer to the level of IgA in tears have not been determined. Though researchers have found a high density of IgA-containing cells in the lacrimal gland, others have speculated that tear IgA originates primarily from serum. This chapter focuses on the determination of the source of tear IgA. Tear IgA concentrations in rats have been measured with a portacaval anastomosis. This surgical procedure results in a chronic elevation of serum polymeric IgA levels. The present study evaluated whether ocular tissues, including exorbital glands, lids, globes, and Harder's glands, produce IgA in vitro .
Birth Characteristics and Risk of Pediatric Thyroid Cancer: A Population-Based Record-Linkage Study in California

Background: Incidence rates of thyroid cancer in children and young adults (age 0–19 years) have nearly doubled over a recent 15-year period in the United States. Children with thyroid cancer may r...
Crystal structure and spectroscopic properties of aqua-dichlorido-{1,1'-[(pyridine-2,6-diyl-κN)bis(methyl-ene)]bis-(4-butyl-4,5-di-hydro-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione-κN2)}cobalt(II).

The structure of the title compound, [CoCl2(C19H27N7S2)(H2O)], at 173 K has monoclinic (C2/c) symmetry. We report here the synthesis, single-crystal structure, electrospray mass spectrum and NMR spectroscopy of a new six-coordinate cobalt(II) pincer complex. The pincer ligand, in this complex, which is novel, coordinates via three nitro­gen atoms (two triazole and one pyridine). The ligand is ambidentate and can coordinate via three nitro­gen atoms or two sulfur and one nitro­gen atoms. The cobalt(II) metal center has pseudo-octa­hedral geometry and based on the single-crystal structure, the pincer ligand coordinates in a meridional fashion with the metal and adjacent six-membered ring ligands all in a similar plane and forming two slightly distorted boat configurations. The other two coordinated monodentate ligands are one water mol­ecule and two chloride ions with four cobalt(II) complexes in the unit cell. The asymmetric unit of the complex is comprised of half the pyridine ring and water mol­ecule with the CoII atom at the center of the pincer situated about a twofold axis. The Co—N, Co—O, and Co—Cl bond lengths are consistent with single bonds. In the crystal, the complex forms a three-centre bifurcated weak hydrogen-bonding inter­action with a chlorine ion, forming one inter­molecular inter­action with the pincer group and a water mol­ecule and a second intra­molecular inter­action with a C—H group within the pincer group. Crystal packing is also highlighted with C22(6)>a a>a ring motifs, forming a three-dimensional supra­molecular network structure. While some stacking of the pyridine rings in the unit cell is observed, there are no relevant π–π inter­actions in the crystal packing. The 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectra of the complex are consistent with a plane of symmetry being present. The electrospray mass spectrum, which was collected in positive ion mode, showed the loss of one water mol­ecule and one chloride ligand from the complex. In the future, we plan to screen this cobalt(II) complex for electrocatalysis reactivity.
A Social Network Analysis of the Western Journal of Emergency Medicine Special Issue in Educational Research and Practice

Introduction Scholarship and academic networking are essential for promotion and productivity. To develop education scholarship, the Council of Emergency Medicine Directors (CORD) and Clerkship Directors of Emergency Medicine (CDEM) created an annual Special Issue in Educational Research and Practice of the Western Journal of Emergency Medicine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the network created by the special Issue, and explore changes within the network over time. Methods Researchers used bibliometric data from Web of Science to create a social network analysis of institutions publishing in the first four years of the special issue using UCINET software. We analyzed whole-network and node-level metrics to describe variations and changes within the network. Results One hundred and three (56%) Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited emergency medicine programs were involved in 136 articles. The majority of institutions published in one or two issues. Nearly 25% published in three or four issues. The network analysis demonstrated that the mean number of connections per institution increased over the four years (mean of 5.34; standard deviation [SD] 1.27). Mean degree centralization was low at 0.28 (SD 0.05). Network density was low (mean of 0.09; SD 0.01) with little change across four issues. Five institutions scored consistently high in betweenness centrality, demonstrating a role as connectors between institutions within the network and the potential to connect new members to the network. Conclusion Network-wide metrics describe a consistently low-density network with decreasing degree centralization over four years. A small number of institutions within the network were persistently key players in the network. These data indicate that, aside from core institutions that publish together, the network is not widely connected. There is evidence that new institutions are coming into the network, but they are not necessarily connected to the core publishing groups. There may be opportunities to intentionally increase connections across the network and create new connections between traditionally high-performing institutions and newer members of the network. Through informal discussions with authors from high-performing institutions, there are specific behaviors that departments may use to promote education scholarship and forge these new connections.
Adjustable Cortical Fixation Device for Quadriceps Tendon Repair: A Cadaveric Biomechanical Study:

Background:Adjustable cortical fixation devices have demonstrated utility in orthopaedic applications, such as ankle syndesmosis repair.Purpose:To assess the cyclic gap formation of a quadriceps te...
Treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children with CHD.

Introduction The prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the general population is common and is now diagnosed in 4%-12% of children. Children with CHD have been shown to be at increased risk for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Case reports have led to concern regarding the use of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder medications in children with underlying CHD. We hypothesised that medical therapy for patients with CHD and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is safe. Methods A single-centre, retrospective chart review was performed evaluating for adverse events in patients aged 4-21 years with CHD who received attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder therapy over a 5-year span. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of CHD and concomitant medical therapy with amphetamines, methylphenidate, or atomoxetine. Patients with trivial or spontaneously resolved CHD were excluded from analysis. Results In 831 patients with CHD who received stimulants with a mean age of 12.9 years, there was only one adverse cardiovascular event identified. Using sensitivity analysis, our median follow-up time was 686 days and a prevalence rate of 0.21% of adverse events. This episode consisted of increased frequency of supraventricular tachycardia in a patient who had this condition prior to initiation of medical therapy; the condition improved with discontinuation of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder therapy. Conclusion The incidence of significant adverse cardiovascular events in our population was similar to the prevalence of supraventricular tachycardia in the general population. Our single-centre experience demonstrated no increased risk in adverse events related to medical therapy for children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and underlying CHD. Further population-based studies are indicated to validate these findings.
Synthesis of an elusive, stable 2-azaallyl radical guided by electrochemical and reactivity studies of 2-azaallyl anions

The super electron donor (SED) ability of 2-azaallyl anions has recently been discovered and applied to diverse reactivity, including transition metal-free cross-coupling and dehydrogenative cross-coupling processes. Surprisingly, the redox properties of 2-azaallyl anions and radicals have been rarely studied. Understanding the chemistry of elusive species is the key to further development. Electrochemical analysis of phenyl substituted 2-azaallyl anions revealed an oxidation wave at E1/2 or Epa = −1.6 V versus Fc/Fc+, which is ∼800 mV less than the reduction potential predicted (Epa = −2.4 V vs. Fc/Fc+) based on reactivity studies. Investigation of the kinetics of electron transfer revealed reorganization energies an order of magnitude lower than commonly employed SEDs. The electrochemical study enabled the synthetic design of the first stable, acyclic 2-azaallyl radical. These results indicate that the reorganization energy should be an important design consideration for the development of more potent organic reductants.
Combined Clinic and Home-based Therapeutic Approach for the Treatment of Bilateral Radial Deficiency for a Young Child with Holt-Oram Syndrome: A Case Report

ABSTRACT Background Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS) is a rare, genetic condition characterized by the combination of congenital heart defect and hypoplasia in one or both upper extremities. Children with HOS commonly present with varied joint and limb involvement including radial longitudinal deficiency impacting hand function. Evidence-based guidelines regarding orthotic wear and therapeutic techniques are lacking. Purpose The aim of this case report was to present the results of a long-term occupational therapy program for a patient with HOS pre and post pollicization Study Design Case Report Methods A 4-month-old patient with bilateral radial longitudinal deficiencies began outpatient occupational therapy for custom orthosis fabrication and treatment which included long term clinic and home-based intervention. Techniques included passive range of motion, orthosis wear, therapeutic taping, and modified constraint induced movement therapy. Longitudinal assessment of musculoskeletal alignment and functional hand use was performed using goniometry for passive and active range of motion, the Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA), and The Thumb and Grasp Assessment of Pinch (T-GAP). Results Improvement in passive and active range of motion was achieved as well as improved activity level function as measured by the AHA and T-GAP post pollicization and intervention. Conclusions A combined clinic and home-based therapeutic approach can be effective for children with HOS to improve alignment and function pre and post pollicization to further enhance hand function. Comprehensive, long-term assessment is necessary to fully evaluate and communicate improvement.
Robust Solid/Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) Formation on Si Anodes Using Glyme-Based Electrolytes

Silicon (Si) is the most naturally abundant element possessing 10-fold greater theoretical capacity compared to that of graphite-based anodes. The practicality of implementing Si anodes is, however...