cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Can Wi-Fi 7 Support Real-Time Applications? On the Impact of Multi Link Aggregation on Latency

Multi Link Aggregation (MLA) is a feature likely to be introduced in Wi-Fi 7, the next-generation of Wi-Fi, which will be based on the IEEE 802.11be specifications. MLA will allow Wi-Fi devices that support multiple bands (such as the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz bands) to operate on them simultaneously. The resulting throughput and latency gains are likely to bring Wi-Fi one step closer to supporting emerging real-time applications like augmented and virtual reality. While throughput gains resulting from the use of MLA are mostly linear, the latency gains exhibit interesting characteristics and are the subject of this paper. We use our in-house simulator to study the latency enhancements resulting from MLA and seek to answer whether Wi-Fi 7 devices can meet the challenging latency requirements demanded by most real-time applications. In this pursuit, we observe that allowing Wi-Fi devices to contend on even a single additional link without changing any physical layer parameters can lead to an order of magnitude improvement in the worst-case latency in many scenarios. In addition, we highlight that even in dense conditions, MLA can help Wi-Fi devices meet the challenging latency requirements of most real-time applications.
Access to Natural Resources Not Water or Food 2020

Animal and plant species survive and procreate where their ecosystems have a healthy atmosphere, clean water, nourishing food, and safe shelter. Stable ecosystems provide the capacity to support human needs and activities and will continue to do so only if there is adaptation planning to mitigate disruptive changes (e.g., by extreme weather events) that have been intensifying since the end of the twentieth century and will continue to occur as years go by in the twenty-first century. In addition to clean air, water, and food, 2020 societies rely on the Earth’s ecosystems’ natural resources and commodities produced from them to live a ‘reasonable’ quality of life. For many citizens these products have been sparingly available or financially inaccessible in the past. This has been changing slowly and steadily but socio-economic inequalities among segments of Society Earth have carried through into the twenty-first century. The hope is that these inequalities will continue to be steadily reduced for growing global populations into future decades but this is not assured, especially in Africa and Asia. Increased populations can result in a “less to go around” situation and a per capita value drop of some natural resources. Competition for others (e.g., metals, wood) from economically advantaged nations or segments of their populations vs. the less advantaged ones will have the same result.
Current Developments in Diagnostic Assays for Laboratory Confirmation and Investigation of Botulism.

Detection of botulinum neurotoxin or isolation of the toxin producing organism is required for the laboratory confirmation of botulism in clinical specimens. In an effort to reduce animal testing required by the gold standard method of botulinum neurotoxin detection, the mouse bioassay, many technologies have been developed to detect and characterize the causative agent of botulism. Recent advancements in these technologies have led to improvements in technical performance of diagnostic assays; however, many emerging assays have not been validated for the detection of all serotypes in complex clinical and environmental matrices. Improvements to culture protocols, endopeptidase-based assays, and a variety of immunological and molecular methods have provided laboratories with a variety of testing options to evaluate and incorporate into their testing algorithms. While significant advances have been made to improve these assays, additional work is necessary to evaluate these methods in various clinical matrices and to establish standardized criteria for data analysis and interpretation.
Understanding racial disparities in severe maternal morbidity using Bayesian network analysis

Previous studies have evaluated the marginal effect of various factors on the risk of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) using regression approaches. We add to this literature by utilizing a Bayesian network (BN) approach to understand the joint effects of clinical, demographic, and area-level factors. We conducted a retrospective observational study using linked birth certificate and insurance claims data from the Arkansas All-Payer Claims Database (APCD), for the years 2013 through 2017. We used various learning algorithms and measures of arc strength to choose the most robust network structure. We then performed various conditional probabilistic queries using Monte Carlo simulation to understand disparities in SMM. We found that anemia and hypertensive disorder of pregnancy may be important clinical comorbidities to target in order to reduce SMM overall as well as racial disparities in SMM.
Did the Accounting for Goodwill Create a Bubble

This article investigates the accounting standards changes related to business acquisitions and the impact of those changes on the reported goodwill in the past 50 years. We observe that the amount of goodwill on companies’ balance sheets steadily increased before 2001 but has risen to new levels with the adoption of SFAS 141. Goodwill is now equal to about 30 percent of companies’ net assets compared to only about 7 percent in the 1980s. We examine whether the increased levels of goodwill could have resulted from changes in accounting standards. Specifically, we investigate the impacts of accounting regulations on goodwill reporting under three different regimes: APB 16 and 17, SFAS 141 and 142, and SFAS 141(R). We find that the increase in the reported value of goodwill is not a result of an increase in public companies’ acquisitions, as those have actually decreased over time. Further, the increase overlaps with the changes to the accounting for goodwill and the switch from goodwill amortization to impairment. Our findings are timely and important because the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has a concurrent project revisiting Identifiable Intangible Assets and Subsequent Accounting for Goodwill (FASB 2020). Our evidence urges caution in the reintroduction of goodwill amortization proposed by FASB, as the level of goodwill has increased dramatically despite FASB’s intentions to improve the quality of goodwill accounting and curtail management’s goodwill manipulation.
Being of Trouble and of Use to Education: Undoing the Romance of Theory Into Practice

Taubman, P. M. (2009). Teaching by Numbers: Deconstructing the Discourse of Standards and Accountability in Education. New York: Routledge.
Satisfying the graphical requirements of visual languages in the DV-Centro Framework

The graphical requirements for implementing a visual language include defining the visual elements of the language, the rules for connecting them together, and the graphical relationships that must be maintained once they are connected. The solutions for these graphical requirements are intricate and inherently difficult to implement. The resulting implementations tend to be so specialized as to be applicable only to a single visual language. The DV-Centro Framework makes it possible to implement sophisticated visual languages without having to develop all of this machinery. We examine the patterns of interaction between the components of the DV-Centro Framework. We introduce the Supervisor-Agent pattern as a means of understanding these interactions. Through this pattern we see how it is possible to assemble sophisticated application specific visual language elements from DV-Centro library objects. We also see how it is possible to provide the low level user interface for interacting with the visual language elements as library components.
Synthesis of a Neutral Mixed‐Valence Diferrocenyl Carborane for Molecular Quantum‐Dot Cellular Automata Applications

The preparation of 7-Fc(+) -8-Fc-7,8-nido-[C2 B9 H10 ](-) (Fc(+) FcC2 B9 (-) ) demonstrates the successful incorporation of a carborane cage as an internal counteranion bridging between ferrocene and ferrocenium units. This neutral mixed-valence Fe(II) /Fe(III) complex overcomes the proximal electronic bias imposed by external counterions, a practical limitation in the use of molecular switches. A combination of UV/Vis-NIR spectroscopic and TD-DFT computational studies indicate that electron transfer within Fc(+) FcC2 B9 (-) is achieved through a bridge-mediated mechanism. This electronic framework therefore provides the possibility of an all-neutral null state, a key requirement for the implementation of quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) molecular computing. The adhesion, ordering, and characterization of Fc(+) FcC2 B9 (-) on Au(111) has been observed by scanning tunneling microscopy.
A Parallel Algorithm for the Efficient Solution of a General Class of Recurrence Equations

An mth-order recurrence problem is defined as the computation of the series x 1 , x 2 , ..., X N , where x i = f i (x i-1 , ..., x i-m ) for some function f i . This paper uses a technique called recursive doubling in an algorithm for solving a large class of recurrence problems on parallel computers such as the Iliac IV. Recursive doubling involves the splitting of the computation of a function into two equally complex subfunctions whose evaluation can be performed simultaneously in two separate processors. Successive splitting of each of these subfunctions spreads the computation over more processors. This algorithm can be applied to any recurrence equation of the form x i = f(b i , g(a i , x i-1 )) where f and g are functions that satisfy certain distributive and associative-like properties. Although this recurrence is first order, all linear mth-order recurrence equations can be cast into this form. Suitable applications include linear recurrence equations, polynomial evaluation, several nonlinear problems, the determination of the maximum or minimum of N numbers, and the solution of tridiagonal linear equations. The resulting algorithm computes the entire series x 1 , ..., x N in time proportional to [log 2 N] on a computer with N-fold parallelism. On a serial computer, computation time is proportional to N.
New thinking in HIV prevention: an anthropological and epidemiological viewpoint

Prior to his current faculty position in the Department of Global Health and Population at the Harvard School of Public Health, Halperin served for over 5 years as the Senior HIV Prevention and Behavior Change Advisor at the USA Agency for International Development. Halperin has conducted epidemiological and ethnographic research for 30 years on a number of health and sociocultural issues in Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa and other developing regions. Since completing his doctoral training in medical and cultural anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1995, his work has mainly focused on the heterosexual transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Most of Halperin's research and scientific publications have dealt with some of the previously more neglected HIV co-factors, such as concurrent sexual partner networks, lack of male circumcision, ‘dry sex’ practices, alcohol use and heterosexual anal intercourse. He has conducted field research and consultations over th...
C1 Rational finite elements

There is a well-defined construction of rational basis functions for patchwork C0 approximation over a regular algebraic partition of a planar region [2]. In this note the construction is generalized to C1 approximation for convex quadrilateral elements.
Gregory Nazianzinos and Byzantine hymnography

Frequent references have been made by several scholars to the use of Gregory's writings as a ‘mine’ for Byzantine hymnography. The discussions have usually stopped with three or four quick citations of the instances that best exemplify the borrowing. To date there has not been any systematic effort to research the topic in greater detail. This failure is understandable. Such a research presupposes knowledge not only of Gregory's writings, a major task in itself since his works occupy four volumes of PG , but also of Byzantine hymnography which is scattered throughout several volumes used by the Orthodox Church in its daily heortologion. Adding the possibilities that might exist among the mss of Grottaferrata and those that might exist in the Vatican Library, one can easily understand the magnitude of the task and its complexities. This paper attempts a limited but still daunting undertaking: the ferreting out of the borrowings from Gregory by the Byzantine hymnographers whose hymns are still used by the Orthodox Church. Beyond the obvious borrowings by the hymnographers from Gregory lies the insoluble problem of what may be directly borrowed and what indirectly. How can one prove that similarities or even identities in the language denote direct borrowing of one author from another? The complexities of such an investigation notwithstanding, the effort should be made, even on a limited scale, because of the interest and the challenge involved.
Thermal Diffusion Through Multilayer Coatings: Theory and Experiment

Abstract A computationally simple, integral solution for heat transfer through periodic multilayer materials is used to analyze the results of pulse-heating experiments conducted near 1200 K. Experimental results obtained on 19 μm thick coatings with 10 bilayers of Cu and Fe and on 12 μm thick coatings with 10 and 40 bilayers of aluminum oxide and Mo, all deposited on 75 μm thick Mo substrates, are presented. The source of reduced thermal conductivity in multilayer materials is examined.
VARIATIONS IN VENTRICULAR WEIGHTS OF CALF HEARTS AT SEA LEVEL.

Abstract In order to provide data on the variations in ventricular weights of calf hearts at sea level, the ratio of right ventricular weight (RVW) to left ventricular weight (LVW) was determined for 21 hearts of normal calves ranging in age from 1 day to 12 months. Hearts of calves less than 5 days of age had a mean RVW LVW of 1.00 (SD = 0.136; SE = 0.078). Twelve 6-month-old calves had RVW LVW of 0.58 (SD = 0.042; SE = 0.012). Six 12-month-old specimens had a mean RVW LVW of 0.59 (SD = 0.012; SE = 0.003). At birth the RVW predominates. At the age of 6 months the adult RVW LVW ratio has been established. These data are quite similar to those previously established for the human.
Localized edge detection in sensor fields

A wireless sensor network that studies relatively widespread phenomena (such as a contaminant flow or a seismic disturbance) may be called upon to provide a description of the boundary of the phenomenon (either a contour or some bounding box). In such cases, it may be necessary for each node to locally determine whether it lies at (or near) the edge of the phenomenon. In this paper, we show that such localized edge detection techniques are non-trivial to design in an arbitrarily deployed sensor network. We define the notion of an edge and develop performance metrics for evaluating localized edge detection algorithms. We propose three different approaches for localized edge detection and present one example scheme for each. In all our approaches, each sensor gathers information from its local neighborhood and determines whether or not it is an edge sensor. We evaluate the performance! of each of the example schemes and compare them with respect to the developed metrics.
BLOCK-SPIN APPROACH TO ELECTRON CORRELATIONS

We consider an expansion of the ground-state wave function of quantum-lattice many-body systems in a basis whose states are tensor products of block-spin wave functions. We demonstrate, by applying the method to the antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain, that by selecting the most important many-body states the technique affords a severe truncation of the Hilbert space while maintaining high accuracy.
The Place of I 7 in the Argument of Physics I

Aristotle introduces Physics I as an inquiry into principles; in this paper I ask where he argues for the position he reaches in I 7. Many hold that his definitive argument is found in the first half of I 7 itself; I argue that this view is mistaken: the considerations raised there do not form the basis of any self-standing argument for Aristotle's doctrine of principles, but rather play a subordinate role in a larger argument begun in earnest in I 5. This larger argument stalls in I 6, which ends in aporia; I argue that the problem lies in the fact that Aristotle's reasoning in I 6 thoroughly undermines his reasoning in I 5 (on which I 6 is ostensibly supposed to build). I further argue that the materials necessary for resolving this problem, and thereby allowing the argument begun in I 5 to reach its proper conclusion, are supplied by the thesis that organizes the first half of I 7. Along the way I offer some remarks about Aristotle's doctrine of principles, arguing that it is about the principles of natural substance (as opposed to coming to be or change). I also offer some remarks about the thesis which organizes the first half of I 7. I argue negatively that it is not anything like a preliminary statement of Aristotle's doctrine of principles. I argue positively that it reflects Aristotle's idea that there are two distinct kinds of effect change has upon things (one constructive, the other destructive). One of these effects lies behind Aristotle's reasoning in I 5, the other comes to the fore in I 6; the achievement of the first half of I 7 is to reconcile these seemingly competing conceptions by finding a place for them both in a unified account of coming to be and its subjects.
Expression of active plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 reduces cell migration and invasion in breast and gynecological cancer cells

Abstract Urokinase-type (uPA) plasminogen activator is regulated by serine protease inhibitors (serpins), especially plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). In many cancers, uPA and PAI-1 contribute to the invasive phenotype. We examined the in vitro migration and invasive capabilities of breast, ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer cell lines compared to their plasminogen activator system profiles. We then overexpressed active wild-type PAI-1 and an inactive “substrate” P14 form of PAI-1 (T333R) using stable transfection and adenoviral gene delivery. We also upregulated endogenous uPA and PAI-1 in these cells by treatment with transforming growth factor-β. Some breast and ovarian cancer cell lines with natural expression of uPA, PAI-1, and urokinase receptor showed substantial migration and invasion compared to other cell lines that lack expression of these proteins. However, overexpression of active wild-type PAI-1, but not P14-PAI-1 (T333R), in these cell lines showed reduced migration and invasion. Since vitronectin binding by both forms of PAI-1 is equivalent, these results imply that PAI-1–vitronectin interactions are less critical in altering migration and invasion. Our results show that the in vitro migratory and invasive phenotype in these breast and ovarian cancer cell lines is reduced by active PAI-1 due to its ability to inhibit plasminogen activation.
Cardiopulmonary effects of distention of the urinary bladder

Abstract Cardiopulmonary function was studied in 22 anesthetized dogs before and during distention of the urinary bladder. Fifteen of the 22 demonstrated a reduction in total thoracic compliance during distention. The group of dogs with decreased compliance also showed increased aortic and pulmonary arterial pressures, increased cardiac output, inconstantly increased central blood volume, and increased heart rate. It is concluded that these results establish an effect of distention of the bladder on cardiopulmonary function, and it is suggested that a neural or humoral reflex mechanism is in operation. These changes are of potential clinical significance.
Leaf area display and light interception in short-season soybeans

Abstract Several studies have shown that little movement of carbohydrate occurs in soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) from a leaf at one node to nodes more than two removed from the source node. Most light is intercepted in the upper periphery of the soybean canopy, but most of the seed yield occurs on the lower central nodes of the soybean plant. Thus, this study was designed to examine leaf area display and light interception patterns in the crop canopy in relation to yield production sites of two varieties of short-season indeterminate soybeans. Altona and Evans soybeans were planted in South Deerfield, MA on 19 May 1982 in rows 25 cm and 75 cm apart. Plots were overseeded by 50% into a fine sandy loam (Typic Udifluvents) and later thinned to populations of 25, 50 and 75 plants per m 2 . Light readings, taken weekly when weather permitted, were integrated over 1 m across and parallel to soybean rows, with the sensor placed on the ground, 25 and 50 cm above the ground and above the canopy dependent on plant height. Growth samples were taken biweekly with samples for leaf area determination divided into five strata, separated on the basis of point of attachment and display of the leaves. Soybean plants grown in narrow rows (25 cm) had a greater leaf area index, intercepted more light and yielded 23% more than soybeans grown in wide rows. For seed yield there was a variety-row width-density interaction, with Evans requiring a lower density for maximum yield than Altona in the 25-cm row width. Seed yield averaging 346.3 g m −2 for Evans was 32% greater than the average for Altona. Although most light interception, and therefore photosynthate production occurred in the upper regions of the plant canopy, many of the leaves displayed there were attached to nodes lower in the plant. Thus carbohydrates were suppled to lower regions of the plant, from these leaves, where most of the yield was found to occur. However leaves attached low in the canopy were still somewhat shaded by upper leaves, thus it is probable that greater efficiency of production could be obtained by concentrating breeding effects for improved canopy architecture with deeper light penetration into the canopy.
Designing Assessments and Assessing Designs in Virtual Educational Environments

This study used innovative assessment practices to obtain and document broad learning outcomes for a 15-hour game-based curriculum in Quest Atlantis, a multi-user virtual environment that supports school-based participation in socio scientific inquiry in ecological sciences. Design-based methods were used to refine and align the enactment of virtual narrative and scientific investigations to a challenging problem solving assessment and indirectly to achievement test items that were independent of the curriculum. In study one, one-sixth grade teacher used the curriculum in two of his classes and obtained larger gains in understanding and achievement than his two other classes, which used an expository text to learn the same concepts and skills. Further treatment refinements were carried out, and two forms of virtual formative feedback were introduced. In study two, the same teacher used the curriculum in all four of his classes; the revised curriculum resulted in even larger gains in understanding and achievement. Gains averaged 1.1 SD and 0.4 SD, respectively, with greater gains shown for students who engaged more with formative feedback. Principles for assessing designs and designing assessments in virtual environments are presented.
The Effect of Drying Method and Storage Time on Citrinin Activity in Corn

Abstract Sterilized whole corn was inoculated with a Penicillium spp., 3 a citrinin-producing fungus, and incubated at room temperature for 8 weeks. The corn was then blended and divided into two parts, which were dried either in air at room temperature (ADC) or in a forced draft oven at 60 C for 24 hr (ODC). Each batch of corn was ground and stored in plastic containers. The corn was fed to broiler chicks prior to and after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of storage at 4 C. The inoculated corn was fed undiluted or blended with noninoculated corn to give mixtures containing one-third and two-thirds of inoculated corn. Noninoculated corn, inoculated corn, and blends of the two were fed to chicks for 5 hr as the only feed. Feed consumption, water intake, and excretion were measured at the end of the test. The citrinin contents of the ADC at 3, 6, 9, and 12 mo were 824, 599, 667, and 590 ppm and were 928, 541, 781, and 490 ppm for the ODC at the same periods. Water consumption and water excretion increased as the amount of citrinin intake increased. Neither drying method nor length of storage affected the citrinin activity in the corn. The citrinin in ODC was neither bound nor converted to a derivative that was unextractable.
In Vivo Bioluminescent Imaging of Irradiated Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts in Nonobese Diabetic-Severe Combined Immunodeficient Mice: A Novel Method for Targeting and Assaying Efficacy of Ionizing Radiation

Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is a lethal malignancy, and better models to study tumor behavior in vivo are needed for the development ofmore effective therapeutics. Ionizing radiation is a treatment modality that is commonly used in the clinical setting, in particular, for locally confined disease; however, good model systems to study the effect of ionizing radiation in orthotopic tumors have not been established. In an attempt to create clinically relevant models for studying treatments directed against pancreatic cancer, we have defined a methodology to measure the effect of varying doses of radiation in established human pancreatic cancer orthotopic xenografts using two different pancreatic cancer cell lines (Panc-1 and BXPC3) infected with a lentiviral vector expressing CMV promoter-driven luciferase to allow bioluminescence imaging of live animals in real time. Quantifiable photon emission from luciferase signaling in vivo correlated well with actual tumor growth. Bioluminescence imaging of the established pancreatic xenografts was used to direct delivery of radiation to the orthotopic tumors and minimize off-target adverse effects. Growth delay was observed with schedules in the range of 7.5 Gy in five fractions to 10 Gy in four fractions, whereas doses 3 Gy or higher produced toxic adverse effects. In conclusion, we describe a model in which the effects of ionizing radiation, alone or in combination with other therapeutics, in orthotopic xenografts, can be studied.
Modernization among the U.S. States: Change and Continuity from 1960 to 1990

This research updates and extendsJohn Crittenden's effort to identify the dimensions of modernization among the U.S. states. The objective is to determine the degree of continuity or change in the structure of modernization between 1960 and 1990. We undertake a principal-axis factor analysis of the same thirty-three variables Crittenden employed in his analysis of state modernization. In addition to comparing the results offactor analyses for the two periods, we offer an index of state modernization for 1990. The outcome of the 1990factor analysis parallels the structure identified for the earlier period. Four primary factors emerge-metro-urbanism: Migratory Pull, Political Participation (Integrative Message Exchange for 1960), and Decentralization (new for 1990). The overall index of state modernization shows New York, California, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Colorado as the most developed states.
Matching Achievement Contexts with Implicit Theories to Maximize Motivation After Failure: A Congruence Model

Previous research has shown that matching person variables with achievement contexts can produce the best motivational outcomes. The current study examines whether this is also true when matching entity and incremental beliefs with the appropriate motivational climate. Participants were led to believe that a personal attribute was fixed (entity belief) or malleable (incremental belief). After thinking that they failed a test that assessed the attribute, participants performed a second (related) task in a context that facilitated the pursuit of either performance or learning goals. Participants were expected to exhibit greater effort on the second task in the congruent conditions (entity belief plus performance goal climate and incremental belief plus learning goal climate) than in the incongruent conditions. These results were obtained, but only for participants who either valued competence on the attribute or had high achievement motivation. Results are discussed in terms of developing strategies for opt...
The Press and Lynchings of African Americans

In July 1930, newspaper men poked around Emelle, Alabama, trying to ferret out details of the lynching of a Black man as well as several other slayings. A few White residents who had been on hand when the men were killed refused to talk about the events to reporters from The Tuscaloosa News. "What the hell are you newspaper men doing here?" asked a White man who had been part of the vigilante group. "We're just killing a few negroes that we've waited too damn long about leaving for the buzzards. That's not news" (Raper, 1933, p. 67). The White resident had that part right. During the 1930s, after thousands of African Americans had been put to death by mobsparticularly in the South but in other regions of the country as well-lynchings were no longer unusual or shocking events that deviated from the norm. They were, as Howard (1995) noted, "a routine, everyday sort of villainy that were primarily southern and almost always inflicted upon Black, rather than White, people" (p. 14). Approximately 4,742 individuals were lynched between 1882 and 1968; of the victims, 3,445 or 73% were Black (Zangrando, 1980). During the heyday of lynching, between 1889 and 1918,3,224 individuals were lynched, of whom 2,522 or 78% were Black (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People [NAACP], 1969). Typically, the victims were hung or burned to death by mobs of White vigilantes, frequently in front of thousands of spectators, many of whom would take pieces of the dead person's body as souvenirs to help remember the spectacular event. Historians have long known about lynchings, and numerous books have been written about the subject (e.g., Brundage, 1993;
Interactions between angiotensin II and arginine vasopressin in water homeostasis

Mice deficient in the angiotensin II type 1a (AT1a) receptor demonstrate a vasopressin-resistant nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. These knockout mice exhibit a threefold increase in 24-h urine excretion. Neither 2 weeks of exogenous vasopressin nor 5 days of fluid restriction reversed this polyuric state. This nephrogenic diabetes insipidus was associated with reductions in adenylyl cyclase protein and in the phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2. The results support an important interaction between vasopressin and angiotensin II in maximal urinary concentration.
Energy-Band Structure of SrTi O 3 from a Self-Consistent-Field Tight-Binding Calculation

Energy bands of SrTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ have been computed ab initio using a nonrelativistic self-consistent-field (SCF) procedure based upon the linear-combination-of-atomic-orbitals or tight-binding formalism. A slightly extended multicentered-atomic-orbital basis was used and integrals over them were evaluated in keeping with the Hartree-Fock-Roothaan procedures. Three- and four-centered integrals were treated by previously justified numerical approximations. Results are in good agreement with experimental evidence for the ordering and widths of the valence and conduction bands. A 12.1-eV band gap was obtained, however, from the ground-state SCF results. Consideration of various energy terms and comparison with an independent SCF calculation on the isolated Ti${\mathrm{O}}_{6}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ cluster confirm \ifmmode \check{S}\else \v{S}\fi{}im\'anek and \ifmmode \check{S}\else \v{S}\fi{}roubek's earlier criticism of Kahn and Leyendeker's semiempirical model and suggest significant hole-particle correlation in the electronically excited states of the crystal. Though by a less rigorous analysis, the Sr orbital interactions are judged not to perturb the features of these results.
Multiple Quantum-Well Tunneling Calculations For Asymmetric Superlattices

We present a theoretical model for analyzing resonant tunneling processes in a multi-layer superlattice structure. The model is then applied to the analysis of asymmetric superlattices formed by varying the well widths in a natural series progression, i.e., Fibonacci and Odd series variations. These structures are analyzed at zero and applied bias. Plots of the transmissivity vs. energy, current density vs. applied voltage, and the wavefunction amplitude vs. real space position are presented. Finally, we show that a new superlattice concept, the variably spaced superlattice energy filter, leads to resonant alignment under bias with subsequent control of carrier injection energy.
Pulsed-laser deposition of oxides over large areas

1 3 1 Spring Street, Lexington, MA 02173ABSTRACTDue to its short wavelength and high peak power, the excimer laser has become the de facto choice forPulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) of ceramic superconductors as well as other complex chemical compounds.This paper will describe a unique excimer-based laser deposition system which is capable of producing thinfilms of a variety of oxide compounds or other materials over large areas (up to 46 cm2). Well over a dozenchemical compounds have been deposited with this system for a wide variety of electronic applications.Also, the PLD technique has been adapted to grow thin films on the internal surface of cored cylindricalsubstrates in order to form resonant microwave cavity structures. The uniformity, morphology, andelectrical properties of films grown on both planar and cylindrical substrates will be discussed.2. INTRODUCTIONPLD has recently become a routine research technique for the development of thin films for a variety ofcomplex chemical compounds, and most notably high temperature superconducting (HTS) oxides' '
Multifaceted inpatient psychiatry approach to reducing readmissions: a pilot study.

: Context: Access to psychiatric services, particularly inpatient psychiatric care, is limited and lacks comprehensiveness in rural areas. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact on readmission rates of a multifaceted inpatient psychiatry approach (MIPA) offered in a rural hospital. Methods: Readmissions within 30 days of patients who were admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit using a MIPA model of care (N = 147) were compared to readmissions of a comparison group of patients who were admitted prior to the adoption of the MIPA (N = 37). Case mix differences were adjusted using multiple logistic regression analysis (N = 184). Findings: Patients treated in the MIPA model of care had lower odds of readmission within 30 days (odds ratio 0.14, 95% CI 0.02-0.87, P < .03). Conclusions: Effective inpatient psychiatric care can be provided in rural hospitals.
The Uses Of Environmental History

When I first started teaching a lecture course on American environmental history at Yale over half a decade ago, I came to the end of the semester feeling that despite all the rough spots and gaps, it had gone as well as I could have expected. My ordinary practice on such occasions is to distribute teaching evaluations during the penultimate week of classes so I can read students' comments and report back to them on what they collectively see as the strengths and weaknesses of the course. When I did this for the new environmental history class, I was taken aback to discover that despite my students' enthusiasm for the course, the vast majority seemed profoundly depressed by what they had learned in it. I was unprepared for this reaction. What my students had apparently concluded from their encounter with my subject was that the American environment had gone from good to bad in an unrelentingly depressing story that left little or no hope for the future. Because my own feelings about the matter were not nearly so bleak, I had not intended to lead students to this dreary conclusion, and the more I thought about it, the more it seemed to me that I had no right to end the course on such a note. Whether or not my students' sense of despair was justified, I did not
Mechanism of C60 photoreactivity in water: fate of triplet state and radical anion and production of reactive oxygen species.

The mechanism involved with (1) energy and electron transfer by C60 in the aqueous phase during UV irradiation and (2) subsequent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and superoxide radical anion was investigated. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study showed that C60 embedded in micelles of nonionic surfactant (Triton X 100) or anionic surfactant (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate) produced ROS, but aggregated C60 did not, consistent with our earlier findings made using indicator chemicals. Nanosecond and femtosecond laser flash photolysis showed that the aggregation of C60 significantly accelerates the decay of excited triplet state C60, which is a key intermediate for energy and electron transfer, thus blocking the pathway for ROS production. This finding suggests that C60 clusters will not contribute to oxidative damage or redox reactions in natural environment and biological systems in the same way molecular C60 in organic phase reportedly does. In contrast, C60 embedd...
Tissue Culture Method for Screening Toxicity of Plastic Materials to be Used in Medical Practice

In the past, a number of methods has been used to evaluate toxicities of plastic items for use in medical and related fields. This paper describes a tissue culture method utilizing monolayers of strain L 929 mouse cells in modified Eagle's medium. Samples of plastics are placed in direct contact with cell monolayers. After 24 hours, cells adjacent to the plastic samples are examined for toxic manifestations. Controls include toxic and nontoxic plastic samples. Up to the present time, a large number of plastic samples has been screened by the tissue culture method, and the method has been found to be more sensitive, more rapid, and less expensive than the previously employed intramuscular implantation technique in rabbits.
Interconnect coupling noise in CMOS VLSI circuits

AbstmctInterconnect between a CMOS driver and receiver can be modeled as a lossy transmission line in high speed CMOS VLSI circuits as transition times become comparable to or lass than the time of flight delay of the signal through the low resistivity interconnect. In this paper, closed form expressions for the coupling noise between adjacent interconnect are presented to estimate the coupling noise voltage on a quiet line. These expressions are based on an assumption that the interconnections are loosely coupled, where the effect of the coupling noise on the waveform of the active line is small and can be neglected. It is demonstrated that the output impedance of the CMOS driver should preferably be comparable to the interconnect impedance in order to reduce the propagation delay of the CMOS driver stage.
Abstract B157: Understanding the role of transcription factor ETV1 in metabolic reprogramming of prostate cells as a route to novel therapeutics.

ETV1 is the second most frequently rearranged ETS transcription factor gene in human prostate cancer. It is widely believed that ectopically expressed ETV1 (due to gene fusions) plays a similar role in prostate tumorigenesis to that of ERG. However, further analysis of clinical data revealed that high levels of ETV1 expression are often found in more advanced prostate cancers, whereas ERG overexpression is mainly associated with localized prostate cancer and elevated androgen receptor signaling. High expression of ETV1, rather than ERG, in the prostate has been associated with disease recurrence in some patients. Interestingly, many metabolic pathways often associated with cancer cells are enriched in the prostates of mice engineered to carry a Tmprss2-ETV1 knockin allele and ETV1-expressing human prostate cancer samples. To determine the dominant metabolic programs that accompany ETV1 expression, we have performed metabolic profiling, and integrated the data with human prostate cells and mouse transcriptome data. Our analyses have identified ETV1 as a regulator of lipid metabolism, glycolysis and glutamine metabolism. Of note, ETV1 expression reprograms the steroid biosynthesis pathway, leading to an increase in testosterone production at least in part through 17-β hydroxysteorid dehydrogenases activation. Indeed, one of the main causes of prostate cancer recurrence is local androgen production due to metabolic changes in prostate cancer cells. This novel finding may explain, at least in part, how ETV1 expression promotes castration-resistant disease, opening a new path to the development of novel therapies directed to progressive and lethal prostate cancer. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):B157. Citation Format: Esther Baena, Shahan Mamoor, Zhe Li, Stuart H. Orkin. Understanding the role of transcription factor ETV1 in metabolic reprogramming of prostate cells as a route to novel therapeutics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B157.
Ionospheric fluctuations due to turbulent wind layers

Abstract A turbulent wind layer may radiate internal waves by acting a a stochastic distribution of forces moving along the layer edge; this picture allows one to calculate power spectra for the radiated field directly from a knowledge of the spectrum of the turbulence ( Tolstoy , 1973a). Application of this model to the ionosphere leads to calculated Doppler sounder fluctuation spectra similar to types of peaked spectra observed in practice. For a static model of a stratified ionosphere (thermosphere), a simple calculation shows that the frequency of the spectral peaks will be, at all times, measurably lower than the corresponding Vaisala frequency estimated from U.S. Standard Atmosphere parameters.
The effect of acidic solutions and growth conditions on the adsorptive properties of bacterial surfaces

Data must be collected over a wide pH range to accurately model the adsorption of protons and metal onto bacterial surfaces; however, alterations in the structural and chemical properties of bacterial surfaces resulting from exposure to acidic solutions may affect the mechanisms of cation binding. Binding properties of bacteria may also be affected by nutrient and oxygen levels present during their growth. We measured Cd, Co, and Pb adsorption onto bacteria by using (1) bacteria washed with acidic solutions (pH≈1.5), (2) non-acid-washed bacteria exposed to acidic parent solutions, and (3) non-acid-washed bacteria exposed to neutral parent solutions. The purpose was to determine the effect of acidic conditions on the adsorptive properties of Pseudomonas mendocina, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus cereus. We also measured Co adsorption onto bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) grown under nutrient-rich and nutrient-limited conditions and onto the facultative bacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 grown under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Bacteria exposed to acidic solutions adsorbed more metals than bacteria not exposed to such solutions. We attribute the increase in adsorption to the irreversible displacement of structurally bound Mg and Ca by protons. After displacement, the protonated sites can participate in reversible metal adsorption reactions. Thermodynamic modeling suggests that concentrations of functional group sites on bacterial surfaces increase by as much as five times in response to acid washing, assuming that stability constants for the bacterial surface complexes remain the same. Although the sizes of the bacteria changed markedly in response to nutrient limits and oxygen content during growth, the mass-normalized extent of Co adsorption onto both P. fluorescens and S. oneidensis MR-1 was independent of growth conditions. We conclude that adsorption constants derived from experiments in which the bacteria are never exposed to acidic conditions probably provide the most accurate estimates of the extent of bacteria–metal adsorption in natural settings.
Modulation spectroscopy: a technique for the study of free radicals in solution

La photolyse modulee est utilisee pour generer des radicaux en solution et des techniques optiques sont utilisees pour leur detection
Effects of Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, and a Synthetic Diesel on Emissions from Light Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles

Over the past several years, there has been increased interest in reformulated and alternative diesel fuels to control emissions and provide energy independence. In the following study, a California diesel fuel was compared with neat biodiesel, an 80% California diesel/20% biodiesel blend, and a synthetic diesel fuel to examine the effects on emissions. Chassis dynamometer tests were performed on four light heavy-duty diesel trucks using each of the four fuels. The results of this study showed that biodiesel, the biodiesel blends, and the synthetic diesel produced generally lower THC and CO emissions than California diesel. NOx emissions were comparable over most of the fuel/vehicle combinations, with slightly higher NOx emissions found for the two noncatalyst vehicles on 100% biodiesel. Particulate emissions were slightly higher for two test vehicles and significantly higher for a third test vehicle on the biodiesel fuels. Chemical analyses showed elemental and organic carbon to be the primary constituen...
Clearance and micropuncture studies of the diuretic xipamide in dogs.

Abstract Effects of diuretic xipamide were examined by clearance and micropuncture techniques, and compared to clorothiazide. Xipamide decreased GFR and phosphate excretion. Reabsorption by superficial proximal tubules was unchanged. Since xipamide reduced single nephron filtration rate and GFR, a small effect on the proximal tubule may have been masked. Chlorothiazide decreased GFR but additionally decreased reabsorption by the proximal tubule. Xipamide was more chloruretic than natiuretic and probably inhibits reabsorption in the distal tubule.
Sex-associated Differential Fluorescence of Mudminnow Chromosomes and Spermatozoa

MOST fishes have morphologically undifferentiated sex chromosomes and sex determination is believed to be under gene control, probably through the production of alternative enzymes1. The idea that differentiation of fish sex chromosomes is usually relatively primitive has been supported by genetic experiments involving, for example, sex reversals and gynandromorphisms2. Recently, however, sex chromosomes of the XX–XY, XX–XO, and WZ–ZZ types2–4, as well as multiple sex chromosomes5,6, have been documented in certain groups of fishes. Thus, fishes seem to display various cytological sex-determining mechanisms, some primitive, others elaborately specialized.
Fibrinolysis. III. Nutritional and environmental requirements for optimum production of fibrinolysin from Aspergillus (aspergillin O).

SummaryA method is described for obtaining higher yields of fibrinolytic material (Aspergillin O) from cultures of Aspergillus oryzae (B-1273) by addition of trace minerals (zinc, iron and manganese) to the liquid medium, incubated at room temperature and in darkness.