cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationship of phoretic mites (Acari: Tarsonemidae) to the bluestaining fungus, Ceratocystis minor , in trees infested by southern pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Amount of bluestain caused by Ceratocystis minor (Hedgcock) Hunt in trees infested with the southern pine beetle (SPB). Dendroctonus frontalis zimmermann, was measuured in three Texas and Louisiana forests. It was significantly correlated with number of Tarsomemus krantzi Smiley & Moser, a mite phoretic on SPB. Significantly less bluestain and significantly fewer mites were found in certain Texas infestations were SPB outbreak was most severe.
Advancing novel HIV prevention intervention research with MSM--meeting report.

HIV continues to exact an enormous toll on society and to disproportionately affect gay and bisexual men and other men who have sex with men (MSM). Innovative prevention interventions are needed to reverse this trend. In August 2009, the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened a meeting of scientists, community representatives, advocates, and federal partners to discuss innovative preventionintervention science. The meeting was structured to maximize discussion of (1) healthy sex interventions, (2) community and structural interventions, (3) integrated biomedical and behavioral interventions, and (4) interventions to improve uptake of HIV testing. Presentations and discussion focused on research gaps in designing risk-reducing and sexual health-promoting interventions for MSM, including interventions to address mental health, substance use, disclosure, and stigma. This article summarizes the meeting proceedings, highlights key points, and outlines future directions.
Nonlinear robust observer for structures with configuration-dependent natural frequencies: experimental and theoretical results

The theoretical development of advanced controllers and observers has greatly surpassed the experimental work in this field. The current study represents a significant step toward an overall objective of providing experimental validation of these advanced concepts. Therefore, the present work focuses on validating the robust performance of a self-tuning nonlinear observer in accurately estimating the state variables of a structure whose natural frequencies are configuration-dependent. The observer design is based on both the variable structure systems theory and the self-tuning fuzzy logic scheme. Its robustness and self-tuning characteristic allows the use of an imprecise model of the system and eliminates the need for the extensive tuning associated with a fixed rule-based expert fuzzy inference system. The physical system is selected to be a spherical robotic manipulator where only the protruding portion of the third link from the second link is considered to be flexible. The prismatic joint causes the length of the flexible link to vary, which induces significant variations in the natural frequencies of the link. The observer has been implemented to estimate the generalized coordinates of the flexible motion under two different types of excitation. The first one involves disturbances in the initial conditions or the use of initial impulsive forces. While in the second type, the structural deformations are induced by the rigid body motion of the arm during a tracking maneuver. Same numerical values for the observer’s parameters were used in conducting both theoretical and experimental works. The results demonstrate the robustness of the observer in accurately estimating the generalized coordinates of the flexible motion of the third link in spite of significant modeling imprecision and external disturbances.
Investigation on the present status of antibiotics-use among 630 middle school students in Wuhan

Objective Investigation on the antibiotics-use among middle school students was performed in Wuhan City,to provide basis for the improvement of health education of antibiotics-use.Methods Stratified cluster sampling method and questionnaire survey were used,students of 4 classes from different grades in a middle school in Wuhan were investigated.Results 23.44% of the students considered that only antibacterial was antibiotics;about 58.36% of the students had experience of buying antibiotics in pharmacies without prescription.49.18% of the students used antibiotics without reading description carefully;And 72.79% of them did not stop the use of antibiotics immediately after the symptoms disappeared.Conclusions The phenomenon of the abuse of antibiotics existed in middle school students,the students lacked knowledge about the use of antibiotics,health education should be promoted.
Pulsewidth Dependence of the Nonlinear Absorption, Melting Threshold, and Phase Transitions of Silicon Irradiated by 1 Micron Picosecond Pulses

There is considerable interest in the picosecond deposition and redistribution of optical energy in silicon, primarily because of the interest in laser processing of materials and in nonlinear optical device applications. Here, we report the first pulsewidth study of (a) the nonlinear absorption, (b) the melting threshold, and (c) the associated morphological changes of crystalline silicon that has been irradiated by pulses of 1 micron radiation from 4 – 260 ps in duration.
On the Use of Strain Interpolation in a Mixed Formulation for Reissner-Mindlin Plate Theory

When the standard form of the Hellinger-Reissner principle is applied to Reissner-Mindlin plate theory, a locking phenomenon in the corresponding finite element formulation is observed in the thin plate limit. Although this locking results from the finite element representation of the transverse shear strains, its nature is different to that found in displacement formulations. Previous attempts to devise non-locking elements based on this standard form have placed restrictions on the stress trial functions, thereby limiting the usefulness of the element. Here we propose a modification of the strain field which eliminates locking and places no restriction on the stress trial functions which may then be chosen to satisfy accuracy and stability requirements.
The Calculation of the Mean Caliper Diameter of a Body for Use in the Analysis of the Number of Particles Per Unit Volume

It is easily shown that the expected number of particle profiles NA per unit area of a plane section of orientation (o, θ) is given by: $$ {\bar{N}_{A}}\left( {\phi ,\theta } \right) = {N_{V}}\bar{D}\left( {\phi ,\theta } \right) $$ (1) in which NV is the number of particles per unit volume and D(o, θ) is the average projected height of the particles on a line of orientation (o, θ). If the particles are randomly oriented, then Eq. (1) can be written as $$ {\bar{N}_{A}} = {N_{V}}\bar{D} $$ (2) in which D is the projected height averaged over all orientations of a particle; i.e., $$ D = \left( {1/4\pi } \right)\int\limits_{0}^{{2\pi }} {} \int\limits_{0}^{\pi } {} \quad D\left( {\phi ,\theta } \right)\sin \phi d\phi d\theta $$ (3) .
Type 2 diabetes is an independent negative prognostic factor in patients undergoing surgical resection of a WHO grade I meningioma.

Abstract Objectives In recent years, there has been increased recognition of the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and poor outcomes following a variety of surgical procedures. We sought to study the role of type 2 DM as a prognostic factor affecting the long-term survival of patients undergoing surgical resection of a WHO Grade I meningioma. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study on 196 patients who had a WHO Grade I meningioma resected at our institution between 2001 and 2013. The medical record was reviewed to identify a pre-existing diagnosis of type 2 DM. Patient mortality was reviewed by medical record and Social Security Death Index (SSDI). Variables associated with survival in a univariate analysis were included in the multivariate Cox model if P 0.05 were then removed from the multivariate model in a step-wise fashion. Results 33 (17%) patients had pre-existing diagnoses of type 2 DM prior to clinical presentation. Mean survival time in diabetic patients was 52.1 months compared to 160.9 months in non-diabetics. The decreased survival rate and time in patients with type 2 DM were found to be statistically significant (p = 0.008 and p Conclusions A pre-existing diagnosis of type 2 DM is an independent negative prognostic indicator following the resection of a WHO Grade I meningioma.
How Vaccine Safety is Monitored

Abstract Safety expectations for vaccines are high because they are administered to healthy and sometimes vulnerable populations. Also, vaccines are endorsed and required by most governments. Although no biologic or medical intervention is perfectly safe, vaccines are generally very safe and the risks of side effects are almost always greatly outweighed by the benefits derived from vaccination to prevent disease. Vaccine safety is evaluated at all stages of development, including preclinical animal and laboratory studies, phase 1–3 clinical trials, and after licensure. Regulatory authorities conduct in-depth reviews of investigational new vaccines prior to approval for licensure and usually require postlicensure surveillance and special studies. Many industrialized countries conduct clinical assessment of postlicensure adverse events and individual-level causality assessment. National authorities in many countries compensate persons who may have been injured by vaccines. Vaccine safety programs are coordinated in many countries and internationally. Questions about vaccine safety will undoubtedly continue to occur, and continuous monitoring will be needed to address these questions with rigorous scientific methods to help assure the public that vaccines are made as safe as possible.
Lys-[Leu 8 ][des-Arg 8 ]Bradykinin

Lys-[Leu8][des-Arg9]BK is a first generation, selective B-1 bradykinin receptor antagonist that was has been employed to characterize and classify these receptors. Its use is limited, however, because as a peptide it is susceptible to metabolic degradation. As a research tool, it has been supplanted by more metabolically stable bradykinin receptor antagonists …
Metabolic biomarkers following a short and long bout of high-intensity functional training in recreationally trained men

Glucose regulation is a fundamental process of metabolic function, and is acutely altered by physical activity. High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) is a form of exercise performed using combinations of various modalities and durations. It is unknown if the metabolic responses to HIFT are similar to more commonly studied modalities (e.g., cycling and treadmill exercise), or if exercise duration will influence glucose regulation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a Short ( 0.05), except for lowered 3HR E (p=0.007). This study demonstrated that both SHORT and LONG bouts of HIFT elicited GLU, INS, E, and NE responses similar to those reported in response to high-intensity treadmill and cycling exercise, and that duration of the HIFT bouts may not be a determining factor in glucose regulation in healthy individuals.
Ratiometric Calcium Imaging of Individual Neurons in Behaving Caenorhabditis Elegans

It has become increasingly clear that neural circuit activity in behaving animals differs substantially from that seen in anesthetized or immobilized animals. Highly sensitive, genetically encoded fluorescent reporters of Ca2+ have revolutionized the recording of cell and synaptic activity using non-invasive optical approaches in behaving animals. When combined with genetic and optogenetic techniques, the molecular mechanisms that modulate cell and circuit activity during different behavior states can be identified. Here we describe methods for ratiometric Ca2+ imaging of single neurons in freely behaving Caenorhabditis elegans worms. We demonstrate a simple mounting technique that gently overlays worms growing on a standard Nematode Growth Media (NGM) agar block with a glass coverslip, permitting animals to be recorded at high-resolution during unrestricted movement and behavior. With this technique, we use the sensitive Ca2+ reporter GCaMP5 to record changes in intracellular Ca2+ in the serotonergic Hermaphrodite Specific Neurons (HSNs) as they drive egg-laying behavior. By co-expressing mCherry, a Ca2+-insensitive fluorescent protein, we can track the position of the HSN within ~ 1 µm and correct for fluctuations in fluorescence caused by changes in focus or movement. Simultaneous, infrared brightfield imaging allows for behavior recording and animal tracking using a motorized stage. By integrating these microscopic techniques and data streams, we can record Ca2+ activity in the C. elegans egg-laying circuit as it progresses between inactive and active behavior states over tens of minutes.
Emerging trends in bispecific antibody and scaffold protein therapeutics

Bispecific antibody and protein therapeutics have a long scientific history. In the last few years there has been a renaissance in their design and application. Clinical trial data with both monoclonal antibodies and bispecifics is beginning to provide feedback regarding the most opportunistic areas for bispecifics and the hurdles many of them may face. Bispecific molecules that utilize IgG-fragments or novel scaffolds to bind two antigens or two epitopes on the same antigen are demonstrating their unique strengths as therapeutics and diagnostics, such as in blood–brain-barrier penetration, in the immune synapse and as cancer imaging agents. A push toward bispecifics that have a native IgG architecture has also been widespread over the past few years with the goal of capturing the clinically validated therapeutic properties of standard monoclonal antibodies. Lastly, as the biological mechanisms of diseases become further elucidated, utilizing bispecifics or perhaps tri/tetraspecifics may enable improved therapeutic outcomes.
Structural Explanations for Inequality and Mobility in Bureaucratized Organizations

Sociology has traditionally analyzed the problem of social inequality through the framework of class structure or through the study of mechanisms that produce status inheritance in modern as well as traditional societies. But in recent years, a new approach to the classic problem has emerged from studies of the life chances of working men and women. It is now recognized that the structure of labor markets plays a principal role in the generation and maintenance of social inequality.
Old and new: Changing paradigms in arid lands water management

Water management paradigms and practices have evolved markedly from the post-World War II years to the twenty-first century. Changes have been particularly urgent and visible in water-limited arid lands. Notable trends include movement from an emphasis on technological, supply-side solutions toward sociological, demand-side management; from rigid top-down state control toward decentralized management; and from local or regional management arenas toward integrated, multilateral formation of water policy from a global perspective. Efforts continue to augment water supplies, but practice has shifted from tactics such as weather modification to energy-efficient desalination, wastewater reuse and, significantly, conservation, which was hardly considered in previous periods of perceived abundance. Overtaking even these efforts in importance is a growing intellectual elaboration of an integrated water management paradigm, which recognizes that each element on both the supply and demand sides of the equation contributes to the total water availability and requires consideration of linkages between urban and rural water use as well as between the domestic, industrial, and agricultural sectors. This awareness has spurred the establishment of “global water initiatives,” marking a shift toward globalization of water management to achieve higher levels of integration.
Analyst Relations in Deutschland: Im Spannungsfeld zwischen weltweiten Aktivitäten und lokalem Spielraum

Der Begriff Analyst Relations stammt aus dem englischen Sprachraum und hat seit den spaten achtziger Jahren langsam begonnen, sich auch in Deutschland zu verbreiten. Dies ist kein Zufall, denn es hangt mit dem Entstehen und Ausbreiten eines Firmentyps – Marktbeobachtern und Beratern, primar in der ITK -Branche – zusammen. Analyst Relations meint dabei im weitesten Sinn die Kontaktentwicklung und Beziehungspflege zwischen Unternehmen in einer Branche und relevanten Multiplikatoren, die im Sinne des Begriffs „Analyst“ Markte, Technologien, Trends, Firmenpositionierungen im Wettbewerb und kaufentscheidungsbeeinflussende Faktoren untersuchen und entweder Entscheidern auf Anwenderseite (customer facing) oder Anbieterseite (vendor facing) zur Verfugung stellen
Fast, Area & Energy Efficient Supergate Design With Multi-Output & Multi-Functional CDM Cells

Transistor network optimization is an effective way of improving the VLSI circuit design. Recent papers demonstrate the graph-based or library-based methodologies of the supergate (SG) design. This design approach is the direct design of the functions at the transistor level that can provide circuits with fewer transistors when compared with the conventional methods. In addition to the transistor count, the symmetry structure of the circuit, the number of transistors on the critical path, and multi-outputs and multi-functional cells are considered in this paper, as the three crucial parameters for the efficient SG cell design. Thus, the cell design methodology (CDM) logic style is used as a new approach for the SG design with some changes in the design flow for improving circuit characteristics. The proposed CDM-SG design methodology can produce a single output, complementary output, and multi-functional output SG cells. The comparison of the proposed CDM-SG cells with conventional SG cells shows a significant improvement on the layout area, power and energy consumption, and speed. The proposed CDM-SG cells with spiral structure are multi-output and multi-functional cells, which can significantly improve the circuit characteristics by improving the number of output functions over the cell area.
Investing Section 1231 Gain in Qualified Opportunity Zones

This article critiques the net section 1231 gain provision in the latest round of proposed regulations issued under the qualified opportunity fund statute. That net section 1231 gain provision provides that taxpayers can only invest net section 1231 gain for a taxable year in a QOF beginning on December 31 of the taxable year during which the section 1231 gain is realized. The article shows how the net section 1231 gain provision is unfair, of questionable validity, and inconsistent with other nonrecognition provisions. These problems stem largely from Treasury’s definition of eligible gain, which includes only capital gains. The article suggests that Treasury should retain the net section 1231 gain provision in the final regulations for the sole purpose of protecting taxpayers who have relied upon it in 2019 to make investment decisions. Otherwise the final regulations should allow taxpayers to invest section 1231 gain in qualified opportunity funds within 180 days after the gain is realized, regardless of any section 1231 losses recognized or to be recognized during the taxable year. The final regulations could accomplish this objective by simply defining eligible gain with reference to the section 64 definition of ordinary income. That definition excludes from ordinary income any gain from the sale of capital assets and section 1231 property. Such gains, which do not come within the definition of ordinary income, should be eligible for investment in qualified opportunity funds.
A Rational Agent Model for the Spatial Accessibility of Primary Health Care

Accurate modeling of the spatial accessibility of health care is critical to measuring and responding to physician shortages. We develop a new model in which patients choose the primary care locati...
Fuzzy Logic-Based Electric Vehicle Charging Management Considering Charging Urgency

This paper presents a decentralized electric vehicle (EV) charging/discharging and rate control approach based on the fuzzy logic control (FLC). Three factors are considered in the FLC control scheme, which are EV users’ charging urgency, the voltage deviation of grid node, and the pricing signals from utilities. The control decisions of charging, discharging, and rate are determined based on these three factors with the objectives to meet the EV owner’s charging requirements, reduce the EV owners’ charging cost, and maintain the distribution system nodal voltages within acceptable limits. The performance of the presented FLC-based EV charging management is evaluated in a modified radial IEEE-33 distribution network. The control performance of the FLC is compared to the immediate charge (IC), average charge rate (ACR) and randomly delayed charging (RDC) methods. In addition, the FLC control performance is evaluated with the time of use (TOU) tariff, TOU + critical peak price (CPP) tariff, and real-time pricing (RTP). The comparison results show that the FLC strategy outperforms IC, ACR and RDC. By integrating price signals, the FLC control performance is further improved. The integrated methods can eliminate voltage violations, prevent the overloading caused by the EV charging, meet EV users’ charging needs, and ensure the reduction of charging cost.
$$\varvec{\textsc {Orpheus}}$$DB: bolt-on versioning for relational databases (extended version)

Data science teams often collaboratively analyze datasets, generating dataset versions at each stage of iterative exploration and analysis. There is a pressing need for a system that can support dataset versioning, enabling such teams to efficiently store, track, and query across dataset versions. We introduce OrpheusDB, a dataset version control system that “bolts on” versioning capabilities to a traditional relational database system, thereby gaining the analytics capabilities of the database “for free.” We develop and evaluate multiple data models for representing versioned data, as well as a lightweight partitioning scheme, LyreSplit, to further optimize the models for reduced query latencies. With LyreSplit, OrpheusDB is on average $$10^3\times $$ faster in finding effective (and better) partitionings than competing approaches, while also reducing the latency of version retrieval by up to $$20\times $$ relative to schemes without partitioning. LyreSplit can be applied in an online fashion as new versions are added, alongside an intelligent migration scheme that reduces migration time by $$10\times $$ on average.
A Sensorized Multicurved Robot Finger With Data-Driven Touch Sensing via Overlapping Light Signals

Despite significant advances in touch and force transduction, tactile sensing is still far from ubiquitous in robotic manipulation. Existing methods for building touch sensors have proven difficult to integrate into robot fingers due to multiple challenges, including difficulty in covering multicurved surfaces, high wire count, or packaging constrains preventing their use in dexterous hands. In this article, we present a multicurved robotic finger with accurate touch localization and normal force detection over complex, 3-D surfaces. The key to our approach is the novel use of overlapping signals from light emitters and receivers embedded in a transparent waveguide layer that covers the functional areas of the finger. By measuring light transport between every emitter and receiver, we show that we can obtain a very rich signal set that changes in response to deformation of the finger due to touch. We then show that purely data-driven deep learning methods are able to extract useful information from such data, such as contact location and applied normal force, without the need for analytical models. The final result is a fully integrated, sensorized robot finger, with a low wire count and using easily accessible manufacturing methods, designed for easy integration into dexterous manipulators.
A 13nV/✓Hz 4.5μW Chopper Instrumentation Amplifier with Robust Ripple Reduction and Input Impedance Boosting Techniques

This paper presents a 13n V /✓Hz Capacitively-coupled Chopper Instrumentation Amplifier (CCIA) implemented in 180nm CMOS. Two new techniques are proposed to address two known drawbacks of CCIAs, chopping ripple and limited input impedance. An improved dynamic offset zeroing (iDOZ) is proposed to suppress the chopping ripple to a mean value of 300μ V and a standard deviation of 500μV, with negligible power, area and noise overhead. A highly-linear three-terminal varactor is proposed in the positive feedback loop of the CCIA to boost the input impedance by 1000 times. This design consumes 4.5 μW power and achieves a noise efficiency factor of 1.3 and a power efficiency factor of 1.1.
The effect of the privacy policy of Health Information Exchange (HIE) on patients’ information disclosure intention

Abstract Health Information Exchanges (HIEs) enable personal information sharing between providers. Patients’ information disclosure intention is critical for a successful rollout of HIE networks. Existing studies mostly demonstrate that perceived privacy policy only influences the cognitive beliefs of patients about disclosing health information. However, little is know whether it also affects the emotion provoked by the sharing nature of the technology. Based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), the technology adoption literature, and the trust literature, we theoretically explain and empirically test the impacts of perceived transparency of privacy policy on cognitive trust and emotional trust in an HIE, and the effects of trust dimensions on the intention to disclose health information. An online survey was conducted using data from individuals who were aware of HIE through experiences with a (or multiple) providers participating in an HIE network. The SEM analysis results provide empirical support for the proposed model. The model highlights the critical role of perceived transparency of privacy policy in building trust in HIE. Findings suggest that awareness about HIE security measures and sharing procedures encourages patients to be cognitively and emotionally involved with the HIE system. Consequently, when the trust is formed, they become more likely to disclose health information.
Evaluation of erosion and lifetime of ITER divertor candidate materials and relevant data from recent experiments in the PISCES-B mod facility

Divertor materials erosion and lifetime is a critical issue in designing plasma-facing components (PFCs) for ITER. Currently, three materials are considered as candidates to be used for the divertor target plate, namely, beryllium, carbon and tungsten. In this paper, major issues associated with the use of these candidates are reviewed and relevant data obtained from recent PISCES experiments will be discussed with the main emphasis on the wall lifetime issue.
Inhibition of GABAA-ρ receptors induces retina regeneration in zebrafish.

A potential treatment for retinal diseases is to induce an endogenous Muller glia (MG)-derived regenerative response to replace damaged neurons. In contrast to mammalian MG, zebrafish MG are capable of mediating spontaneous regeneration. We seek to define the mechanisms that enable retina regeneration in zebrafish in order to identify therapeutic targets to induce mammalian retina regeneration. We previously used pharmacological and genetic methods to inhibit gamma aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptors in undamaged zebrafish retinas and showed that such inhibition could induce initiation of retina regeneration, as measured by the dedifferentiation of MG and the appearance of MG-derived proliferating progenitor cells. Here, we show that inhibition of a pharmacologically distinct subset of GABAA receptors (GABAA-ρ) can also induce retina regeneration. Dual inhibition of both GABA receptor subtypes led to enhanced retina regeneration. Gene expression analyses indicate that inhibition of GABAA-ρ receptors induces a canonical retinal regenerative response. Our results support a model in which decreased levels of GABA, such as would occur after retinal cell death or damage, induce dedifferentiation of MG and the generation of proliferating progenitor cells during zebrafish retina regeneration. Animal experiments were approved by the Vanderbilt's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol M1800200) on January 29, 2019.
Prospective Predictors of Receiving Disclosures of Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Assault Among College Students

Objective Previous research has indicated that many undergraduates receive disclosures of sexual assault and intimate partner violence (IPV) from their peers; however, much of this research has been cross-sectional. The present study assessed the extent to which demographic characteristics and victimization history predicted whether participants received disclosures over the subsequent 6 months. Directional hypotheses assessed whether psychological symptoms and attitudes predicted, or were consequences of, disclosures at follow-up. Method College students (n = 867) from a broader treatment intervention study completed pretest (Time 1) and 6-month follow-up surveys (Time 2). Results Individuals who reported new disclosures at follow-up (56%) were more likely to be women, have previous experience receiving either sexual assault or IPV disclosures, and have experienced sexual assault or IPV victimization in their lifetime and across the follow-up period. Sexual orientation did not predict receipt of disclosures at follow-up; intervention group did not moderate these relationships. Results of longitudinal structural equation models found that although higher Time 1 posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and depressive symptoms predicted disclosure status at follow-up, Time 1 disclosure status did not predict subsequent increases in posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms. Attitudinal variables were not significantly associated with disclosures reported at Time 1 or follow-up. Conclusions Findings suggest the importance of attending to personal experiences of victimization within interventions aiming to improve responses to disclosure. Although individuals with higher distress are more likely to receive subsequent disclosures, disclosure does not appear to lead to increases in long-term psychological distress.
Evaluating the Cross-Cultural Measurement Invariance of the PHQ-9 between American Indian/Alaska Native Adults and Diverse Racial and Ethnic Groups.

Abstract Background The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), a self-reported depression screening instrument for measurement-based care (MBC), may have cross-cultural measurement invariance (MI) with a regional group of American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) and non-Hispanic White adults. However, to ensure health equity, research was needed on the cross-cultural MI of the PHQ-9 between other groups of AI/AN peoples and diverse populations. Methods We assessed the MI of the one-factor PHQ-9 model and five previously identified two-factor models between non-Hispanic AI/AN adults (ages 18–64) from healthcare systems A (n = 1759) and B (n = 2701) using secondary data and robust maximum likelihood estimation. We then tested models for full or partial MI between either combined or separate AI/AN groups, respectively, and Hispanic (n = 7974), White (n = 7,974), Asian (n = 6988), Black (n = 6213), and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (n = 1370) adults from healthcare system B. All had mental health or substance use disorder diagnoses and were seen in behavioral health or primary care settings from 1/1/2009 to 9/30/2017. Results The one-factor PHQ-9 model was partially invariant, with two-factor models partially, or in one case fully, invariant between AI/AN groups. The one-factor model and three two-factor models were partially invariant between all seven groups, while a two-factor model was fully invariant and another partially invariant between a combined AI/AN group and other racial and ethnic groups. Conclusions Achieving health equity in MBC requires ensuring the cross-cultural validity of measurement tools. Before comparing mean scores, PHQ-9 models should be assessed for individual racial and ethnic group fit for adults with mental health or substance use disorders.
Clinical Assessment and Surgical Management of Umbilical Masses in Calves

With accurate preoperative clinical diagnosis, prognosis for the surgical repair of umbilical masses in calves is very good. Table 1 outlines the physical criteria of abdominal masses so as to arrive at a diagnosis in a step-wise manner.
Ban the (Plastic) Bag? Explaining variation in the implementation of plastic bag bans in Rwanda, Kenya and Uganda

The environmental damage that plastic waste is causing has catalyzed government action against plastic bags around the world. Despite anti-plastic bag policies gaining traction globally, there has ...
Studies on Cellulose Hydrolysis by Acetivibrio cellulolyticus

Acetivibrio cellulolyticus extracellular cellulase extensively hydrolyzed crystalline celiuloses suchas Avicel (FMCCorp., FoodandPharmaceutical Products Div., Philadelphia, Pa.)butonlyifitwas desalted and supplemented withCa2+.TheCa2'effect was one ofincreased enzyme stability inthepresence oftheion. Although preincubation ofthecellulase complex at40°Cfor 5 hwithout addedCa2+had a negligibleeffect on endoglucanase activity or on thesubseqent hydrolysis ofamorphous cellulose, thecapacity oftheenzyme to hydrolyze crystalline cellulose was almostcompletely lost. Adsorption studies showedthat90% ofthe Avicel-solubilizing componentofthetotal enzyme preparation boundto2% Avicel at40°C.Underthese conditions, only15%oftheendoglucanase and25%oftheprotein present intheenzyme preparation adsorbed tothesubstrate. Theprotein profile oftheboundenzyme, as analyzed by sodiumdodecylsulfatepolyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis, was complex anddistinctly different fromtheprofile observed fortotal cellulase preparations. Thespecific activity ofA.cellulolyticus cellulase withrespect toAvicel hydrolysis was compared withthatofcommercially available Trichoderma reesei cellulase. Inthesearch forpossible commercial sources ofcellulase, certain anaerobes havebeenthesubject ofconsiderable attention because oftheir highly efficient cellulose metabolism. Atthesametime, however, doubtshavebeen expressed abouttheusefulness ofthese organisms inthis regard because ofdifficulties inobtaining enzymepreparations capable ofduplicating thehighinvivohydrolysis rates. Therehasbeenspeculation that this discrepancy mayresult fromdisruption ofahighly ordered cellulase complex located largely orentirely onthecell surface (5). However, attempts atgaining a better understanding ofthefactors involved havebeenfrustrated byproblems encountered in fractionation andbiochemical characterization ofthe cellulase complexes. Recently, progress hasbeenmadeincharacterizing the cellulase systemofClostridium thermocellum, a thermophilic anaerobe. Johnson etal.(7)reported thatCa2+anda thiol-reducing agentwererequired formaximumcellulase activity. Underoptimum conditions, thespecific activity of C.thermocellum cellulase wasmuchhigher thanthatobserved forcellulase produced byaerobic fungi suchas Trichoderma reesei. Itwassubsequently shownbyJohnson andDemain(6) that thiol-binding reagents inactivated Avicel (FMCCorp., FoodandPharamceutical Products Div., Philadelphia, Pa.)-solubilizing activity buthadlittle effect on
Specialized Instruction within General Education: A Case Study of One Elementary School

This study examined how classroom teachers in one elementary school approached the problem of designing specialized instruction for students with reading problems. We asked 12 teachers to rate their confidence in designing effective interventions and then to diagnose a student's reading problem, select an intervention, and implement it. Teachers were moderately confident about their ability to design effective interventions; but some teachers expressed doubts about how to proceed. Their approach to intervention differed somewhat from that of special education resource teachers. Some teachers experienced considerable difficulty in implementing the interventions they selected.
Selection of passages for information reduction

There currently exists a bottleneck in extracting information from pre-existing texts to generate a symbolic representation of the text that can be used by a case-based reasoning (CBR) system. Symbolic case representations are used in legal and medical domains among others. Finding similar cases in the legal domain is crucial because of the importance precedents play when arguing a case. Further, by examining the features and decisions of previous cases, an advocate or judge can decide how to handle a current problem. In the medical domain, remembering or finding cases similar to the current patient’s may be key to making a correct diagnosis: they may provide insight as to how an illness should be treated or which treatments may prove to be the most effective. This thesis demonstrates methods of locating, automatically and quickly, those textual passages that relate to predefined important features contained in previously unseen texts. The important features are those defined for use by a CBR system as slots and fillers and constitute the fratnebased representation of a text or case. Broadly, we use a set of textual “annotations” associated with each slot to generate an information retrieval (IR) query. Each query is aimed at locating the set of passages most likely to contain information about the slot under consideration. Currently, a user must read through many pages of text in order to find fillers for all the slots in a case-frame. This is a huge manual undertaking, particularly when there are fifty or more texts. Unfortunately, full-text understanding is not yet feasible as an alternative and information extract techniques themselves rely on large numbers of training texts with manually encoded answer keys. By locating and presenting relevant passages to the user, we will have significantly reduced the time and effort expenditure. Alternatively, we could save an automated information extraction system from processing an entire text by focusing the system on those portions of the text most IikeIy to contain the desired information. This work integrates a case-based reasoner with an
Dissent: Accountable Group Anonymity

Users often wish to participate in online groups anonymously, but misbehaving users may abuse this anonymity to disrupt the group. Messaging protocols such as Mix-nets and DC-nets leave online groups vulnerable to denial-of-service and Sybil attacks, while accountable voting protocols are unusable or inefficient for general anonymous messaging. We present the first general messaging protocol that offers provable anonymity with accountability for moderate-size groups, and efficiently handles unbalanced loads where few members have much data to transmit in a given round. The N group members first cooperatively shuffle an N x N matrix of pseudorandom seeds, then use these seeds in N "pre-planned" DC-nets protocol runs. Each DC-nets run transmits the variable-length bulk data comprising one member's message, using the minimum number of bits required for anonymity under our attack model. The protocol preserves message integrity and one-to-one correspondence between members and messages, makes denial-of-service attacks by members traceable to the culprit, and efficiently handles large and unbalanced message loads. A working prototype demonstrates the protocol's practicality for anonymous messaging in groups of 40+ member nodes.
Equity, Bonds, Growth and Inflation in a Quadratic Infinite Horizon Economy

This paper exhibits a class of infinite-horizon economies with incomplete markets (GEI) for which the equilibrium can be explicitly derived. We show that if agents have preference orderings represented by expected discounted quadratic utilities and if their endowments are tradable, then the equilibrium consumption and welfare of agents can be expressed as a function of the least variable income stream (LVI) obtainable by trading on the financial markets. If in addition the economy has a Markov structure, then the LVI can be calculated. The model is used to study the behavior of agents on the equity and bond markets in an economy in which the growth and inflation processes are calibrated to fit U.S. data. Two related findings emerge: first, the proportion of bonds in the portfolios of even the most risk-averse agents is small (less than 2%); second, since equity dominates the portfolios of agents, the welfare loss due to variable inflation is small.
Shopping for a home vs. a loan: the role of cognitive resource depletion

The authors suggest that the process of shopping for a home and choosing between alternative property features depletes individuals’ cognitive resources, which in turn results in sub-optimal home financing decisions. Thus, in the span of time that follows the shopping experience, consumers will devote less attention to choosing a mortgage, resulting in a higher propensity to select higher-risk, adjustable-rate mortgage products. The results of two controlled experiments demonstrate that participants in an online house shopping simulation were more likely to select one of the high-risk mortgage offers, and spent less time selecting a mortgage than participants in the control condition. In addition, contrary to expectations, warning participants about cognitive resource depletion exacerbated these effects. These findings imply that consumer decisions could be improved by imposing a temporal separation between shopping for a home and shopping for financing.
A Challenge to the Viability of Mild Mental Retardation as a Diagnostic Category

This article examines the concept of mild mental retardation—and the confusion surrounding its etiology, diagnosis, and educational “treatment.” The authors conclude that mild mental retardation, unlike more severe forms of mental retardation—or even specific learning disabilities—should be redefined in contextual terms: a person's relative difficulty in responding to cognitive demands of the environment. It is recommended that the term mental retardation be reserved for the more severe forms currently recognized and that a more descriptive term be adopted that focuses attention on this group of children whose unique characteristics and needs have increasingly gone unrecognized and unserved.
“A Kyng That Ruled All By Lust”: Richard II in Elizabethan Literature

Since the earliest performances of Shakespeare’s Richard II, parallels between its tragic protagonist and Elizabeth I have not gone unnoticed – not least by Elizabeth herself. This essay attempts to move beyond that parallel, examining its implications not only for readings of Shakespeare’s play or Elizabethan imaginings of the queen, but also to the relationship of sexuality and historiography in early modern writing. Richard and Elizabeth both embody a transgressive femininity that exposes, rather than contradicts, the gender norms of monarchy; this exposure becomes, in Elizabethan historical writing, inextricable from the crisis of legitimacy at the heart of Tudor dynastic narratives.
All trans retinoic acid induced hypercalcemia and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in acute promyelocytic leukemia: Practical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment based on a case report and literature review

As experience with all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has grown, its’ toxicity profile became more extensive. We initially present a case of APL in which hypercalcemia and Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage occurred simultaneously after introduction of ATRA, followed by a systematic review of the literature. A comity of 5 specialists analyzed and discussed each reported case on the basis of the CAse REport (CARE) guidelines. Level III guides were suggested for diagnosis and treatment.
Sabina Spielrein from Rostov to Zürich: The Making of an Analyst

In 1904, a 19-year-old Sabina Spielrein journeyed from her home in Rostov, Russia, to Zurich, Switzerland, in hopes of becoming a doctor, but was first hospitalized at the famous Burgholzli hospital with a diagnosis of “hysteria.” There she was treated by Eugene Bleuler and Carl Jung and was able, within less than a year, to begin her medical studies. Her diary entries from 1909 to 1912, as published in Carotenuto’s 1982 A Secret Symmetry: Sabina Spielrein between Jung and Freud, reveal a young woman caught up in an intense transference towards her former analyst, Jung, who nevertheless maintained her own sense of purpose and ambition, enabling her to become an analyst in her own right. This essay attempts to give Spielrein back her own voice, portraying her not as the pawn of two great rivals, Jung and Freud, but emphasizing rather her development as the creative pioneering analyst she was to become.
Clover development during spaceflight: A model system

The development of legume root nodules was studied as a model system for the examination of gravitational effects on plant root development. In order to examine whether rhizobial association with clover roots can be achieved in microgravity, experiments were performed aboard the KC-135 parabolic aircraft and aboard the sounding rocket mission Consort 3. Binding of rhizobia to roots and the initial stages of root nodule development successfully occurred in microgravity. Seedling germination experiments were performed in the sliding block device, the Materials Dispersion Apparatus, aboard STS-37. When significant hydration of the seeds was achieved, normal rates of germination and seedling development were observed.
Emotions while writing about emotional and non-emotional topics

Research on the effects of expressive writing about emotional experiences and traumatic events has a long history in the affective and social sciences. However, very little is known about the incidence and impact of affective states when the writing activities are not explicitly emotional or are less emotionally charged. By integrating goal-appraisal and network theories of affect within cognitive process models of writing, we hypothesize that writing triggers a host of affective states, some of which are tied to the topic of the essays (topic affective states), while others are more closely related to the cognitive processes involved in writing (process affective states). We tested this hypothesis with two experiments involving fine-grained tracking of affect while participants wrote short essays on topics that varied in emotional intensity including topics used in standardized tests, to socially charged issues, and personal emotional experiences. The results indicated that (a) affect collectively accounted for a majority of the observations compared to neutral, (b) boredom, engagement/flow, anxiety, frustration, and happiness were most frequent affective states, (c) there was evidence for a proposed, but not mutually exclusive, distinction between process and topic affective states, (d) certain topic affective states were predictive of the quality of the essays, irrespective of the valence of these states, and (e) individual differences in scholastic aptitude, writing apprehension, and exposure to print correlated with affect frequency in expected directions. Implications of our findings for research focused on monitoring affect during everyday writing activities are discussed.