cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beti Esana: Music, Death and the Politics of Belonging in a Cameroonian Funeral Rite

This paper examines the multiplicity of sound performances that accompany esana, a funeral rite amongst the Beti of Cameroon. Cameroonian scholarship has theorized the funeral as a moment of disappearance, balanced by a renewed stress on belonging, kinship and affinity. Utilizing musics that span time and technique helps negotiate and make sense of the deceaseds lived worlds concerned with church, education and the urban elite, addressing notions of political significance, inequality, distance, and the moral obligation to be buried at home. / Using the esana of the late Madame Veuve Nkolo of Koudandeng, I show how a mix of deeply traditional nkul log drumming, Beti womens unaccompanied bikutsi singing, military style brass bands, Christian hymnody, mendzan xylophone ensembles and recorded popular musicheard separately as well as overlappingnegotiates that moment of crisis at the time of death, emphasizing and reaffirming differing social ties, and adding a sense of historicity and depth to the life of the dead. / If, as has been suggested by Peter Geschiere, an individuals disappearance risks creating a rupture in the network of social relations, the funeral serves to ease this precarious moment by affirming the position of those who remain, vis-a-vis the dead and each other. /
APPROXIMATION FOR TERZAGHI'S BEARING CAPACITY FACTORS

Using the general shear failure criterion, the ultimate bearing capacity of a shallow footing was expressed by Terzaghi in terms of bearing capacity factors Nc, Nq, Ny. These factors depend only on the soil friction angle, 0, and are usually presented in graphical form. By means of an empirical approximation for each of these factors, a relatively simple equation is developed whereby the ultimate bearing capacity of a shallow footing can be determined directly without recourse to supplementary graphs.
Interracial Attraction: Male Bodies on Television and in the Soccer Field

Navarro-Ayala shows how Moroccan writer Rachid O.’s narratives Chocolat chaud (1998) and L’enfant ebloui (1995) present a teenager who turns to television in the process of subjectivity formation as an effect of transculturalism. French television becomes a source of homoerotic fantasy, which awakens desire in the local Moroccan youngster to search for a partner with ethnic and racial differences. Navarro-Ayala focuses on the internalization that turns a collective scene into an intimate space to explain how the teenager develops a sensual perception and affective register. Rachid’s fascination for the blond-haired, blue-eyed French boy he meets through transcultural information technology materializes into a real encounter in the soccer field. Here, the sense of touch solicits an interconnectedness of private desires and public behavior.
Thinking Like a Christian About Transhumanism

The Dictionary of Christianity and Science, published in 2017, contains no dedicated entry to the topic of transhumanism. This is striking, given that the subtitle of this particular dictionary is The Definitive Reference for the Intersection of Christian Faith and Contemporary Science. Clearly, there is much work to be done on this topic by Christian thinkers. Since the conversation between Christians and transhumanists seems to be in the early stages, I think it would be helpful to suggest a framework for what it should look like to think like a Christian about transhumanism.
Breaking Resource Discovery Barriers

By aggregating research IT resource information across the University of Illinois system and the XSEDE program we can enhance and simplify how researchers, educators, and students discover and use technology across departments, campuses, and institutional boundaries in support of research and educational activities.
Colonial self-fashioning in British India, c. 1785–1845: visualising identity and difference

In this richly illustrated book, Prasannajit de Silva traces the social life of the Raj through a host of images that capture both the complexities of imperial identity and the challenges of racial...
A quantum mechanical mobility model for scaled NMOS transistors with ultra-thin high-K dielectrics and metal gate electrodes

We develop a quantum mechanical model for electron mobility, including Coulomb scattering of carriers and surface roughness in scaled high-K, metal-gate, NMOS transistors, which predicts an increase in Coulomb scattering mobility and a slow decrease of surface roughness mobility with increasing the gate voltage. The total mobility is limited by the bulk mobility because of the need for highly-doped substrates for scaled 45nm node transistors.
Femoral Distal Posterior Tibial Bypass for Established Gangrene

Femoral distal posterior tibial bypass for established gangrene was performed with partial amputation of the foot with satisfactory healing of the amputation site. Graft has been patent for the past 4 years and 3 months.
Association of Clinical Nursing Work Environment with Quality and Safety in Maternity Care in the United States.

Purpose Maternal outcomes in the United States are the poorest of any high-income country. Efforts to improve the quality and safety of maternity care are frequently reported by individual hospitals, limiting generalizability. The purpose of this study is to describe maternity care quality and safety in hospitals in four states. Study design and methods This cross-sectional study is a secondary analysis of the Panel Study of Effects of Changes in Nursing on Patient Outcomes data. Registered nurses reported on maternity unit quality, safety, and work environment. Descriptive statistics and clustered linear regressions were used. Results The sample included 1,165 nurses reporting on 166 units in California, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Florida in 2015. One-third of nurses, on average, gave their units an overall safety grade of "excellent," but this decreased to less than one-sixth of nurses in units with poor work environments. Overall, 65% of nurses reported that their mistakes were held against them. A good work environment, compared with poor, was significantly associated with fewer nurses grading safety as poor (β -35.6, 95% CI -42.9 - -28.3). Clinical implications Our research found that the nurses in the majority of hospitals with maternity units in four states representing a quarter of the nation's annual births felt their units do not provide excellent quality care and have a less than optimal safety climate.
Etesian winds outbursts over the Greek Seas and their linkage with larger-scale atmospheric circulation features: Two real time data case studies

2) ABSTRACT There are significant differences in the way that researchers have defined “Etesian wind days”. An attempt is made here to establish common definitions of the various types of Etesian winds from the weather forecaster's viewpoint. These definitions are based on objective criteria adopted from the frequency of atmospheric circulation features associated with the occurrence of the Etesian winds and their physical characteristics. The presence of fairly constant northerly winds over the Greek Seas in summer are called Etesian winds. When a new spell of Etesian winds is established with no diurnal variation of the wind direction for consecutive days (maximum of seven), these winds are called “type B” Etesian winds or “Etesian outbursts”. The atmospheric circulations associated with the occurrence, origin and evolution of the type B Etesian winds and the accompanying weather are revealed utilizing data for the period 1975-2015 and focusing on two case studies on 21/22 July 1983 and 3/4 July 2017. The presence of the Subtropical Jet Stream (SJS) over the Greek territory and its interaction with the Polar Jet Stream (PJS) are dominant factors. Large-scale atmospheric circulations are studied to identify simultaneous direct links to the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM), El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Madden-Julian Oscillation (JMO), deep convective activity in the Hadley circulation in the tropics, and West Africa Monsoon (WAM).
Understanding Software-2.0: A Study of Machine Learning Library Usage and Evolution

Enabled by a rich ecosystem of Machine Learning (ML) libraries, programming using learned models, i.e., Software-2.0, has gained substantial adoption. However, we do not know what challenges developers encounter when they use ML libraries. With this knowledge gap, researchers miss opportunities to contribute to new research directions, tool builders do not invest resources where automation is most needed, library designers cannot make informed decisions when releasing ML library versions, and developers fail to use common practices when using ML libraries. We present the first large-scale quantitative and qualitative empirical study to shed light on how developers in Software-2.0 use ML libraries, and how this evolution affects their code. Particularly, using static analysis we perform a longitudinal study of 3,340 top-rated open-source projects with 46,110 contributors. To further understand the challenges of ML library evolution, we survey 109 developers who introduce and evolve ML libraries. Using this rich dataset we reveal several novel findings. Among others, we found an increasing trend of using ML libraries: The ratio of new Python projects that use ML libraries increased from 2% in 2013 to 50% in 2018. We identify several usage patterns including the following: (i) 36% of the projects use multiple ML libraries to implement various stages of the ML workflows, (ii) developers update ML libraries more often than the traditional libraries, (iii) strict upgrades are the most popular for ML libraries among other update kinds, (iv) ML library updates often result in cascading library updates, and (v) ML libraries are often downgraded (22.04% of cases). We also observed unique challenges when evolving and maintaining Software-2.0 such as (i) binary incompatibility of trained ML models and (ii) benchmarking ML models. Finally, we present actionable implications of our findings for researchers, tool builders, developers, educators, library vendors, and hardware vendors.
E-Jurors: A View from the Bench

Electronic jurors pose new twists to an old problem. With emerging technology in mobile devices, social media, and internet research, juror misconduct exists in new shapes and forms. Many jurisdictions have made attempts to curb electronic misconduct by modifying standard jury instructions and confiscating juror cell phones. Some judges have implemented jury instructions which remind jurors to refrain from communicating about the case and conducting on-line research. However, their efforts fall short. In previous literature, practitioners, students and a few scholars have offered suggestions on modifying jury instructions to better inform jurors of prohibited misconduct. To address the overall electronic juror problem, this Article explains, from a unique judicial vantage point, that the jury system should be improved by better educating judges on emerging technology and social trends; improving jury instructions to specify changing mobile devices, social media sites and internet research with clear reasons for the prohibited conduct; encouraging attorneys to address social media and juror internet use; and engaging active jurors. This Article’s most critical recommendations include encouraging juror questioning of witnesses and adopting the Author’s specific proposed jury instruction, which identifies a detailed and comprehensive list of social media sites and internet search tools, along with compelling reasons for refraining from misconduct.
Isolated Radial Nerve Palsy After Glenohumeral Dislocation in a Collegiate Athlete: A Review of the Literature

Isolated mononeuropathies are uncommon complications after shoulder dislocations. Of these, injuries to the radial nerve are the rarest. Here, we present a case of an isolated radial nerve palsy after a collegiate athlete was hit during a football game and sustained a glenohumeral dislocation. After reduction of the shoulder, he went on to full recovery of motor and sensory function of the radial nerve 1 year after the injury. This case report is further unique given the long-term follow-up in a young, active patient. We review the sparse literature behind the epidemiology and management of these complications.
Enceladus--Oasis or Ice Ball?

The case has not yet been made that Saturn's satellite Enceladus meets the environmental conditions needed to support life.
Phrenic nerve afferents elicited cord dorsum potential in the cat cervical spinal cord

Background The diaphragm has sensory innervation from mechanoreceptors with myelinated axons entering the spinal cord via the phrenic nerve that project to the thalamus and somatosensory cortex. It was hypothesized that phrenic nerve afferent (PnA) projection to the central nervous system is via the spinal dorsal column pathway.
The Combinatorial Partitioning Method

Recent advances in genome technology have led to an exponential increase in the ability to identify and measure variation in a large number of genes in the human genome. However, statistical and computational methods to utilize this information on hundreds, and soon thousands, of variable DNA sites to investigate genotype-phenotype relationships have not kept pace. Because genotype-phenotype relationships are combinatoric and non-additive in nature, traditional methods, such as generalized linear models, are limited in their ability to search through the high-dimensional genotype space to identify genetic subgroups that are associated with phenotypic variation. We present here a combinatorial partitioning method (CPM) that identifies partitions of higher dimensional genotype spaces that predict variation in levels of a quantitative trait. We illustrate this method by applying it to the problem of genetically predicting interindividual variation in plasma triglyceride levels, a risk factor for atherosclerosis.
Neutron study of the crystal structure and vacancy distribution in the superconductor Ba 2 YCu 3 O 9 − δ

Two samples of the high-temperature superconductor ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{YCu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{9\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ with \ensuremath{\delta}=2.0 and 2.2 have been studied at room temperature and at 10 K, with the neutron powder diffraction method and profile analysis. The structure of the compound is orthorhombic. The oxygen atoms are located on four sets of sites and not on five sets as reported earlier in x-ray diffraction studies. Of the two sets of copper atoms, one is surrounded by four oxygen atoms at distances 1.9299(4) and 1.9607(4) A\r{}. This arrangement forms a two-dimensional framework of Cu-O atoms that extends indefinitely along the a- and b-axis. A fifth oxygen atom is located at 2.295(3) A\r{} from the copper atom, giving a pyramidal configuration. In the other set, the Cu atoms are also surrounded by four oxygen atoms, with distances 1.9429(1) and 1.846(2) A\r{}. In this case, however, the oxygen atoms form rectangles connected by vertices, and resulting in chains along the b axis. In the compound with \ensuremath{\delta}=2.0 all oxygen sites are fully occupied. When \ensuremath{\delta}=2.2 there are oxygen vacancies, but these are confined to one set of positions only, specifically to the oxygen atoms of the chains, located on the b axis. No detectable change of the structure has been observed between room and low temperature.
Role and expression of the Bacillus subtilis rodC operon.

The role of the rodC operon in Bacillus subtilis was investigated. The operon encodes two genes (rodD and rodC) necessary for the synthesis of the cell wall teichoic acid. Transcription of this operon is responsive to levels of phosphate and to concentrations of magnesium ions in the growth medium. This regulation of mRNA production corresponds to conditions that dictate the type of polymer that will be synthesized for the cell wall, i.e., teichoic or teichuronic acid. While the introduction of multiple copies of rodC was tolerated by the cells, multiple copies of rodD appeared to be lethal. The lethality of the rodD fragment was not exhibited if multiple copies of rodC were also present.
Role of the electron mass in damping chiral plasma instability in Supernovae and neutron stars

We show that the nonzero electron mass plays a critical role in determining the magnetic properties of neutron stars by suppressing the generation of the chiral charge density needed to trigger a strong chiral plasma instability during the core collapse of supernovae. This instability has been proposed as a plausible mechanism for generating extremely large helical magnetic fields in neutron stars at their birth; the mechanism relies on the generation of a large nonequilibrium chiral charge density via electron capture reactions that selectively deplete left-handed electrons during core collapse and the early evolution of the protoneutron star. Our calculation shows that the electron chirality violation rate induced by Rutherford scattering, despite being suppressed by the smallness of the electron mass relative to the electron chemical potential, is still fast compared to the weak interaction electron capture rate. The resulting asymmetry between right- and left-handed electron densities is therefore unlikely to attain an astrophysically relevant magnitude.
Structural remodeling of bacteriophage T4 and host membranes during infection initiation

The first stages of productive bacteriophage infections of bacterial host cells require efficient adsorption to the cell surface followed by ejection of phage DNA into the host cytoplasm. To achieve this goal, a phage virion must undergo significant structural remodeling. For phage T4, the most obvious change is the contraction of its tail. Here, we use skinny E. coli minicells as a host, along with cryo-electron tomography and mutant phage virions, to visualize key structural intermediates during initiation of T4 infection. We show for the first time that most long tail fibers are folded back against the tail sheath until irreversible adsorption, a feature compatible with the virion randomly walking across the cell surface to find an optimal site for infection. Our data confirm that tail contraction is triggered by structural changes in the baseplate, as intermediates were found with remodeled baseplates and extended tails. After contraction, the tail tube penetrates the host cell periplasm, pausing while it degrades the peptidoglycan layer. Penetration into the host cytoplasm is accompanied by a dramatic local outward curvature of the cytoplasmic membrane as it fuses with the phage tail tip. The baseplate hub protein gp27 and/or the ejected tape measure protein gp29 likely form the transmembrane channel for viral DNA passage into the cell cytoplasm. Building on the wealth of prior biochemical and structural information, this work provides new molecular insights into the mechanistic pathway of T4 phage infection.
Use of complementary and alternative medicine among USA adults with functional limitations: for treatment or general use?

Summary Objectives This study compared the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to treat health conditions with CAM use for general wellness or disease prevention among USA adults with and without functional limitations. Design This was a cross-sectional survey. Methods Data were obtained from the 2007 U.S. National Health Interview Survey ( n =20,710). Results Overall use of CAM treatment was higher among adults with functional limitations than among those without (61.4% versus 41.8%; p p p p p =0.06), regardless of functional status. Adults with functional limitations were as likely to use CAM to treat the condition underlying their functioning difficulty (48.7%) as they were to treat other conditions (51.3%). Massage therapy was used most often to treat conditions that limited functional ability (53.4%). Older age was a predictor of the use of BBT for treatment, whereas younger age was a predictor of the use of MBT. Conclusions The prevalence of CAM use for treatment of conditions is high. Public health strategies are needed to promote disclosure of CAM use to health care providers, promote increased screening for CAM use by health care providers, and promote health care interactions that facilitate communication about CAM safety and efficacy.
Sequential damage detection based on the continuous wavelet transform

This paper presents a sequential structural damage detection algorithm that is based on a statistical model for the wavelet transform of the structural responses. The detector uses the coefficients of the wavelet model and does not require prior knowledge of the structural properties. Principal Component Analysis is applied to select and extract the most sensitive features from the wavelet coefficients as the damage sensitive features. The damage detection algorithm is validated using the simulation data collected from a four-story steel moment frame. Various features have been explored and the detection algorithm was able to identify damage. Additionally, we show that for a desired probability of false alarm, the proposed detector is asymptotically optimal on the expected delay.
Differential Effects of Expected External Evaluation on Different Parts of the Creative Idea Production Process and on Final Product Creativity

Effects of external evaluation expectation on two parts of the creative idea production process (i.e., variation and selective retention) and on final product creativity were examined in this study. Results from a laboratory study (N = 73) showed that evaluation expectation exerted different effects on variation and selective retention. During variation, individuals who expected external evaluation generated fewer numbers of ideas. On the other hand, during selective retention, individuals who expected external evaluation performed better in improving idea appropriateness. Finally, individuals who expected evaluation only during selective retention produced the most creative ideas. These results provide a possible explanation for the inconsistent findings documented in the literature. Implications of these results for future research were discussed.
The effect of notch depth on the fracture toughness of freshwater ice

Abstract Fracture toughness tests have been performed on polycrystalline freshwater ice of two grain sizes (3.4 and 7.3 mm) at loading rates of 10 kPa/m s −1 and a temperature of − 10° C. The sample geometry used was the circumferentially notched cylinder, and notch depths were varied from 2.54 to 17.8 mm (2.8 to 19.6% of the sample diameter). For notch depths greater than 5.1 mm no variation of toughness with notch depth was found for either the large or the small grained samples. For notch depths of 2.54 mm none of the samples broke at the notch. The results indicate that notches greater than 5.1 mm in depth are sufficiently deep to allow fully polycrystalline behavior in this size and geometry of sample, for the range of grain sizes studied. This confirms that the variation of toughness with grain size noted by Nixon and Schulson (1986a) is not an artefact of the sample geometry, and thus lends support to their model of microcrack toughening in freshwater ice (Nixon and Schulson, 1987).
Preterm infants' responses in early joint attention interactions

Abstract The joint attention behaviors of 46 preterm (25 low risk and 21 high risk) and 25 full-term infants at 6 months of age were compared in videotaped interactions with their mothers. The main objective of the study was to investigate whether preterm infants (of varying degrees of risk) and their mothers showed different joint attention behaviors (i.e., coordination of their attention to people and objects) than full-term infants and their mothers. Results revealed that the preterm infants, regardless of degree of risk, showed similar patterns of responding in joint attention interactions with their mothers as the full-term infants. The preterms' severity of early medical complications was related to the frequency with which reaching for toys occurred rather than the amount of time spent in episodes of joint engagement. In addition, the preterms moved their attention away from joint engagement more often than full-terms. There were no group differences for maternal joint attention behaviors.
Medical report's static charge sparks shock.

The report released by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) ([ 1 ][1]), which S. Long and R. Alpern extol in their Editorial “Science for future physicians” (5 June, p. [1241][2]), received widespread press and recognition. However,
Inside the Growth Machine: Real Estate Professionals on the Perceived Challenges of Urban Development:

The growth machine framework maintains that coalitions of elites work together to promote and adopt policies and practices that best serve their economic interests and propel cities toward growth. ...
A nonconvex ADMM algorithm for group sparsity with sparse groups

We present an efficient algorithm for computing sparse representations whose nonzero coefficients can be divided into groups, few of which are nonzero. In addition to this group sparsity, we further impose that the nonzero groups themselves be sparse. We use a nonconvex optimization approach for this purpose, and use an efficient ADMM algorithm to solve the nonconvex problem. The efficiency comes from using a novel shrinkage operator, one that minimizes nonconvex penalty functions for enforcing sparsity and group sparsity simultaneously. Our numerical experiments show that combining sparsity and group sparsity improves signal reconstruction accuracy compared with either property alone. We also find that using nonconvex optimization significantly improves results in comparison with convex optimization.
Frequency and structure of precautionary behavior in the domains of hazard preparedness, crime prevention, vehicular safety, and health maintenance

A sample of 831 adults were interviewed by researchers using a 72-item inventory about their precautionary behaviors and attitudes. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses conducted on random halves of the sample provided evidence of consistency and structure in precautionary behavior both within and across domains of concern. Hazard preparedness activities clustered into having basic supplies on hand, advance planning, and hazard alertness. Crime prevention acts organized according to person protection, neighborly cooperation, and professional guidance. Vehicular safety factored into auto care, responsible driving, and seat belt use. Health maintenance activities entailed healthy habits (diet and exercise), risk monitoring, and avoiding tobacco and alcohol. Higher order factor analyses evidenced intra-individual consistency in the use of Disciplined, Vigilant, and Proactive Behaviors across precautionary domains. At all levels, perceptions of the usefulness of precautionary measures were related strongly to the frequency of self-protective acts. Language: en
Response time in 14-year-olds with language impairment.

Purpose To determine whether children with language impairment were slower than typically developing peers at age 14, and whether slowing, if present, was similar across task domains; whether differences in response time (RT) across domains were the same for children with specific language impairment (SLI) and nonspecific language impairment (NLI); and whether RT performance at age 9 predicted performance at age 14. Method Fourteen-year-old children with SLI (n = 20), NLI (n = 15), and typical development (NLD; n = 31) were administered several linguistic and nonlinguistic speeded tasks. The children had received the same tasks at age 9. RT performance was examined. Results Both the SLI and the NLI groups were significantly slower than the NLD group in motor, nonverbal cognitive, and language task domains, and there was no significant difference among domains. Individual analyses showed that most, but not all, children with SLI and NLI were slower than the NLD group mean. Slowing at age 9 and age 14 were ...
The chemical state of iron in reduced PdFeAl2O3 catalysts

Mossbauer spectroscopic studies show that ferric ions in low concentrations (0.05 wt%) on η-Al2O3 are unaffected by hydrogen at room temperature and can only be reduced to the ferrous state at temperatures as high as 700 °C. Ferric ions in PdFeη-Al2O3 catalysts, however, are reduced to the ferrous state at room temperature and to the metallic state at 500 °C with formation of PdFe alloys. The results of this investigation are consistent with a model in which the reduction of iron to the metallic state and formation of PdFe alloys requires contact between a palladium particle and the oxide of iron which is reduced. Hydrogen “spillover” does occur but only across the interfacial contacts between palladium particles and the iron oxide. No evidence was found to support a model, proposed by others, in which ferromagnetic iron metal is formed in reduced PdFeAl2O3 catalysts as a result of the diffusion of hydrogen over the support surface from palladium particles to an oxide of iron.
Drug discovery and development for neglected parasitic diseases

Diseases caused by tropical parasites affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide but have been largely neglected for drug development because they affect poor people in poor regions of the world. Most of the current drugs used to treat these diseases are decades old and have many limitations, including the emergence of drug resistance. This review will summarize efforts to reinvigorate the drug development pipeline for these diseases, which is driven in large part by support from major philanthropies. The organisms responsible for these diseases have a fascinating biology, and many potential biochemical targets are now apparent. These neglected diseases present unique challenges to drug development that are being addressed by new consortia of scientists from academia and industry.
Web booksellers—their usefulness to libraries

Historically, libraries have purchased most of their books from wholesalers catering to the library market. In the past five years, new web booksellers have entered the marketing offering deep discounts and rapid delivery to the general public. Purchasing from web vendors tends to increase library administrative costs because of institutional credit card and auditing policies, double data entry on the web vendor’s interface and local library system, and other factors. Depending on local administrative costs, libraries may find web vendors the best choice for purchasing OP, foreign and rush titles.
Long-Term Survival After Open Repair and Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for descending thoracic aortic aneurysms (DTAs) was first reported by Dake et al1 in 1994. The advent of TEVAR was clinically relevant because open DTA repair had long been associated with operative mortality rates ranging from ≈5% to 7% at centers of excellence2,3 to as high as 20% to 22% in real-world practice.4,5 The favorable results6 of TEVAR with nearly 75% reduction in operative mortality in early industry-sponsored device trials led to US Food and Drug Administration approval for first commercial use in 2005 and subsequent device approvals in 2008.7,8 The operative mortality and morbidity benefits of TEVAR highlighted by numerous single-center reports,9–11 device registries,12,13 and device trials6–8 have led to widespread public and surgeon acceptance of this less invasive modality for the management of DTA in contemporary practice. As such, TEVAR has supplanted open surgical repair in the majority of patients with DTA.14,15 Article see p 2661 In the current issue of Circulation , Goodney et al16 reviewed the long-term survival of patients treated for DTA by the use …
Applying the compound Poisson process model to the reporting of injury-related mortality rates

Injury-related mortality rate estimates are often analyzed under the assumption that case counts follow a Poisson distribution. Certain types of injury incidents occasionally involve multiple fatalities, however, resulting in dependencies between cases that are not reflected in the simple Poisson model and which can affect even basic statistical analyses. This paper explores the compound Poisson process model as an alternative, emphasizing adjustments to some commonly used interval estimators for population-based rates and rate ratios. The adjusted estimators involve relatively simple closed-form computations, which in the absence of multiple-case incidents reduce to familiar estimators based on the simpler Poisson model. Summary data from the National Violent Death Reporting System are referenced in several examples demonstrating application of the proposed methodology.
The Effect of Length of Daily Light Periods on Sexual Development and Subsequent Fertilizing Capacity of Male Chickens

Abstract REVIEWS of the literature concerning testicular response of birds to photostimulation have been written by Lamoreux (1943a), Romanoff (1960) and Amoroso and Marshall (1960). Lamoreux also reported results showing that semen production and testis size in Leghorn cockerels were related to the length of the daily light period. Recently, Parker and McCluskey (1964) showed that sexually mature male fowls produce satisfactory volumes of potent semen under as little as 1 hour of daily light exposure. The purpose of the investigations reported herein was to determine the effect of rearing cockerels under daily light exposures ranging from 1 to 13 hours on ages at which semen was first produced, and on their subsequent fertilizing capacity in natural matings. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Four groups of Delaware chicks hatched in November, 1960, were reared from time of hatching under four regimes of 1, 3, 9 and 13 hours of daily light. There was no…
Adherence to Bürgi–Dunitz stereochemical principles requires significant structural rearrangements in Schiff-base formation: insights from transaldolase complexes

The Burgi–Dunitz angle (αBD) describes the trajectory of approach of a nucleophile to an electrophile. The adoption of a stereoelectronically favorable αBD can necessitate significant reactive-group repositioning over the course of bond formation. In the context of enzyme catalysis, interactions with the protein constrain substrate rotation, which could necessitate structural transformations during bond formation. To probe this theoretical framework vis-a-vis biocatalysis, Schiff-base formation was analysed in Francisella tularensis trans­aldolase (TAL). Crystal structures of wild-type and Lys→Met mutant TAL in covalent and noncovalent complexes with fructose 6-­phosphate and sedoheptulose 7-phosphate clarify the mechanism of catalysis and reveal that substrate keto moieties undergo significant conformational changes during Schiff-base formation. Structural changes compelled by the trajectory considerations discussed here bear relevance to bond formation in a variety of constrained enzymic/engineered systems and can inform the design of covalent therapeutics.
Treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer with hepatic artery combination chemotherapy

Treatment of patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer using hepatic artery floxuridine (FUDR) has been reported to induce high partial remission rates and perhaps prolonged survival. However, several investigators, including our own group, have obtained response rates of only 30%. Alkylating agents can increase the efficacy of antimetabolites. Based on clinical data and pharmacokinetic considerations the authors have combined FUDR with mitomycin C and carmustine (BCNU) by the arterial route. Thirty-six patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer received FUDR 0.3 mg/kg/day 2 weeks of 4, mitomycin C 15 mg/M2 over 1 hour every 8 weeks, and BCNU 150 mg/M2 over 1 hour every 8 weeks--all via the hepatic artery using Infusaid pumps (Infusaid, Sharon, MA). The mitomycin C and BCNU were alternated monthly at the start of each FUDR cycle. The patient characteristics were as follows: 78% hepatomegaly, 44% also extrahepatic tumor, 42% prior systemic 5-fluorouracil. Combined partial and complete response rates were independent of prior chemotherapy: 71% if untreated, 67% with prior 5-fluorouracil. Median survival for the combined response/stable disease group was 13.7 months from the start of hepatic artery chemotherapy, and 4.5 months for the six nonresponders. Based on these data the authors have begun a randomized trial comparing single-agent FUDR to the FUDR, mitomycin C, BCNU combination.
The Spectrum of VY Canis Majoris in 2000 February

We present the current (2000 February) status of the optical spectrum of the irregularly variable M supergiant VY CMa, based on high‐resolution CCD spectra. The emission spectrum is largely unchanged over the past 43 yr, with low‐lying atomic lines as well as the molecules TiO and ScO in emission. Tables of observed wavelengths for both identified and unidentified lines are presented.
Program directors' opinions in regard to Didactic Program in Dietetics graduates' failure to secure placement in Supervised Practice Programs.

Abstract This study investigated program directors' perspectives on Didactic Program in Dietetics graduates' inability to secure positions in Supervised Practice Programs. The sample included all 229 program directors listed in the Directory of Dietetics Programs 1997-98. Directors contacted by electronic mail or fax completed a 4-part survey instrument including 3 Likert scale sections exploring the effects of the situation and strategies suggested to lessen them. The fourth part reported current practices. Response rate was 56%. Graduates' failure to secure Supervised Practice Program positions was found to be a significant or somewhat significant problem regardless of program size or affiliation. Strategies to increase the likelihood of Supervised Practice Program acceptance included work experience, application coaching, graduate coursework, and reapplication. We found that program directors have a high level of concern about their graduates' futures and are frustrated by their limited ability to improve the situation. Helping graduates who do not secure Supervised Practice Program assignments identify career options is essential. J Am Diet Assoc. 2001;101:1047-1050.
Bone changes occurring early after cessation of ovarian function in beagle dogs: A histomorphometric study employing sequential biopsies

The beagle dog model has been established by our laboratory as a useful animal model to study bone loss after cessation of ovarian function. Previously we demonstrated bone loss associated with an osteoblastic insufficiency at 4 months after ovariohysterectomy (OHX). This study was designed to evaluate by four sequential monthly bone biopsies the development and course of the histologic bone abnormalities after OHX. We found cancellous bone volume, trabecular density, and wall thickness to be decreased (p less than 0.05) and trabecular separation increased (p less than 0.05) as early as 1 month after OHX. After 2 months, there was a decrease in mineralizing surface and mineral apposition rate (p less than 0.05). Volume and surface of osteoid were increased after 3 months (p less than 0.05), and there was an increase in the number of osteoblasts (p less than 0.01). No histologic signs of increased resorption were observed during the experiment. However, the findings of low bone volume with decreased trabecular density and increased separation without a change in trabecular plate thickness 4 weeks after OHX suggest that a dramatic increase in resorption must have taken place soon after OHX. These results point to an early phase of initiation of bone loss related to hyperresorption followed by a maintenance phase of low bone mass ascriblastic insufficiency. The events that stimulate the early initiating phase after cessation of ovarian function, the factors contributing to it, and the direct demonstration of hyperresorption await further studies.
Thermal optimization of polybenzimidazole meniscus membranes for the separation of hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide

Abstract Membranes of the glassy polymer polybenzimidazole (PBI) were formed and tested at temperatures above 300 °C. The membrane formation method provides a rapid screening technique for the evaluation of polymeric systems at elevated temperatures. The rigidity in the structure that limits appreciable gas transport at room temperature appears to be responsible for the retention of permselectivities in the material at temperatures above 100 °C. The notion that PBI is a poor room temperature gas separation polymer is supported by its extremely low flux for hydrogen and carbon dioxide at room temperature. The rigid structure of PBI appears to be more suited to the type of diffusivity-based selectivity at temperatures above 150 °C. This result opens a new tool for studying gas separation by polymeric membranes. By selecting the optimal temperature for a membrane suited for a specific objective, it will be possible to develop tools for separating high temperature gas streams at their processing temperature. This advantage could offer cost savings that may provide a new incentive for polymeric membranes.
Bioregionalism: A comparative study of the Adirondacks and the Sierra Nevada

The traditional approach to resource management emphasizes local autonomy in regulatory policy, sustained yield in resource allocation, and management by single resource. While maintaining consistency with this paradigm, a number of states have expanded their regulatory and management responsibility as resource issues and problems have outpaced the capabilities of local government to resolve them. This paper contrasts such state efforts with a new paradigm in resource management— ecosystem management. The requirement of a fundamental change in beliefs, attitudes, and values concerning the interaction of humans with their natural environment distinguishes bioregionalism from other forms of ecosystem management and provides the theoretical basis for managing resources as an interrelated whole. Addressing the specific topics of sustainable economics, empowerment, education, and equity within the context of two case study areas—the Adirondacks and the Sierra Nevada—this paper explains how bioregionalism can h...
Comparing mean ranks for repeated measures data

Rank tests are considered that compare t treatments in repeated measures designs. A statistic is given that contains as special cases several that have been proposed for this problem, including one that corresponds to the randomized block ANOVA statistic applied to the rank transformed data. Another statistic is proposed, having a null distribution holding under more general conditions, that is the rank transform of the Hotelling statistic for repeated measures. A statistic of this type is also given for data that are ordered categorical rather than fully rankedo Unlike the Friedman statistic, the statistics discussed in this article utilize a single ranking of the entire sample. Power calculations for an underlying normal distribution indicate that the rank transformed ANOVA test can be substantially more powerful than the Friedman test.
In situ dimanganese catalyst for fast screening of molecular recognition catalysts for regioselective oxygenation of an sp3 C–H bond

We report a rapid method for assembling our di-μ-oxo dimanganese catalyst, verified by ESI-MS and EPR, assessing its water oxidation activity by a Clark electrode O2-assay study and its regioselective C–H activation activity by product analysis in catalytic runs.
ON DREAMS: DISCUSSION OF PAUL LIPPMANN'S PAPER “THE CANARY IN THE MIND”1

Paul Lippmanns paper ‘‘The Canary in the Mind’’ (preceding paper in this issue) is in the psychoanalytic tradition in that it encourages us to take seriously—and also playfully—the tensions between what we believe we know and what we fail to see. Much as Bion (1967) warned against memory and desire as forces occluding perceptual possibilities, he also warned against believing too firmly in our theories or conceptual constructs and in this way inhibiting our own learning (Bion, 1977). So then, we come up against this issue of the dream that Paul so delightfully captures in his image of the ‘‘canary in the mind’’. I found myself playing with this metaphor, thinking first of the dream itself as a canary in the mind, warning against whatever might become lost or occluded if we fail to give it due thought and respect. But then, I saw that that is not really what Paul is pointing to. Rather, he is showing us how dreams, themselves, come to carry meanings within a culture and how we can see the collective fate of our unconscious selves cast against the light of how dreams are faring in our more public lives and mind. Paul points out to us how the virtual dream, in the form of the external screen, is coming to the forefront in our culture, in this way obscuring and demeaning the more private, more personal screen of the individual dream. He suggests that the dream is falling to the same fate as other commodities we hold dear, that we fail to treasure through greed, lack of foresight, and a narrowing of vision. In this culture where we use—and abuse—our resources and fail to provide ourselves sufficient space or time to reflect on our mutual coexistence and interdependence, and thus to more fully appreciate our debts and experience our gratitude, we are faced with the consequences of this abuse at every turn. We see before us myriad manifestations of the limitations of our ability to control nature, as well as the various prices we pay for those attempts. So, then, the lion in the zoo faces us with a tamed, demeaned, and diminished image of the lion in nature. In this way, it represents our capacity to harness the forces of nature, but also our incapacity to come
The utility of molecular dynamics simulations for understanding site-directed mutagenesis of glycine residues in biotin carboxylase

Biotin carboxylase from Escherichia coli catalyzes the ATP-dependent carboxylation of biotin and is one component of the multienzyme complex acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which catalyzes the committed step in long-chain fatty acid synthesis. Comparison of the crystal structures of biotin carboxylase in the absence and presence of ATP showed a central B-domain closure when ATP was bound. Peptidic NH groups from two active site glycine residues (Gly165 and Gly166) that form hydrogen bonds to the phosphate oxygens of ATP were postulated to act as a "trigger" for movement of the B-domain. The function of these two glycine residues in the catalytic mechanism was studied by disruption of the hydrogen bonds using site-directed mutagenesis. Both single (G165V) and (G166V) and double mutants (G165V-G166V) were constructed. The mutations did not affect the maximal velocity of a partial reaction, the bicarbonate-dependent ATPase activity. This suggests that the peptidic NH groups of Gly165 and Gly166 are not triggers for domain movement. However, the K(m) values for ATP for each of the mutants was increased over 40-fold when compared with wild-type indicating the peptidic NH groups of Gly165 and Gly166 play a role in binding ATP. Consistent with ATP binding, the maximal velocity for the biotin-dependent ATPase activity (i.e. the complete reaction) was decreased over 100-fold suggesting the mutations have misaligned the reactants for optimal catalysis. Molecular dynamics studies confirm perturbation of the hydrogen bonds from the mutated residues to ATP, whereas the double mutant exhibits antagonistic effects such that hydrogen bonding from residues 165 and 166 to ATP is similar to that in the wild-type. Consistent with the site-directed mutagenesis results the molecular dynamics studies show that ATP is misaligned in the mutants.
How to write a curriculum vitae.

When pharmacy students and pharmacists early in their careers begin applying for residencies and jobs, they are often introduced to the task of preparing their first curriculum vitae (CV). The CV functions as a chronicle of your skills, experience, and training. It is a dynamic document that evolves