cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of exercise activity on quality of life in long-term breast cancer survivors

Background: Behavioral and lifestyle factors may influence quality of life (QOL) outcomes in breast cancer survivors. Methods: Information on QOL (Short Form-36, SF-36), lifestyle and survivorship was collected during telephone interviews with 374 breast cancer patients, diagnosed between 1983 and 1988 at ages 40 years or younger and interviewed, on average 13.2 years following diagnosis. These women previously participated in a case-control study soon after their diagnoses, providing information on breast cancer risk factors including exercise activity. We examined the impact of changes in exercise activity (comparing pre- to post-diagnosis levels) on the SF-36 mental and physical health summary scales using regression analyses. Results: A positive change in exercise activity was associated with a higher score on the SF-36 physical health summary scale at follow-up (p= 0.005). Change in exercise activity was not associated with the SF-36 mental health summary scale score. Patients who increased their activity levels did not differ from those who did not in terms of medical or demographic characteristics. Conclusion: This study provides one of the longest follow-up periods of breast cancer survivors to date among studies that focus on QOL and is unique in its focus on women diagnosed at a young age. Our results confirm high levels of functioning and well-being among long-term survivors and indicate that women whose exercise activity increased following diagnosis score higher on the SF-36 physical health summary scale. These findings suggest a potential role for exercise activity in maintaining well-being after a cancer diagnosis.
A computer-automated procedure for testing some experiences of family membership†

A theory of consensual experience, relating family interaction and the thinking and perception of its individual members, is briefly reviewed. From this theory it is hypothesized that members in families who experience the environment in a “consensus-sensitive” way will improve their problem solving performance as their contact with other members becomes less immediate and intimate. On the other hand, members in “environment-sensitive” families will show no change as the immediacy of their contact varies. A computer-automated method for testing this hypothesis is described. It requires family members to solve pattern recognition problems on the basis of positive and negative feedback from a LINC computer and from similar feedback given to other members of the family. The procedure permits systematic control of the immediacy of contact between family members by varying the mode by which the feedback given to one member is distributed to the others.
EXPERTISE AND PROBLEM CATEGORIZATION: THE ROLE OF EXPERT PROCESSING IN ORGANIZATIONAL SENSE-MAKING

Our purpose is to understand more fully the role of managerial cognition in organizations. As such, we adopted an experimental approach in studying the use of expert processing in the categorization of organizational problems. We compared the problem categories of 38 chief executive officers (CEOs) in the machine tool industry (experts) with those of 30 MBA students (novices). The results of a problem sorting task indicated that experts tended to categorize the ill-structured problems significantly faster than novices. Experts also had greater variance in the number of categories used and they incorporated more problem information. Follow-up analyses revealed that the number of categories was negatively related to experts’age and positively related to the number of processes and services offered by their respective organizations. These findings are consistent with the contention that experts rely on well-developed, context-dependent heuristics in the early stages of their decision-making. It is argued that such heuristics allow organizational experts to make sense of strategic issues quickly, and respond in an efficient and effective manner.
“Wing-flapping” develops in wingless chicks

“Wing-flapping” of 13-day-old chicks (Gallus domesticus) that had both wings amputated on the day after hatching was made visible by attaching limb prostheses (soda straws) to the stumps of the amputated wings. Typical drop-evoked, bilaterally symmetrical “wing-flapping” movements of a rate similar to that of the wings of intact control chicks were made by the wing-prostheses of the wingless chicks, indicating that postnatal practice and sensory and trophic influences from the wing are not necessary for the development of basic wing-flapping movements.
Psychological Maltreatmnent: Emphasis on Prevention:

Psychological maltreatment (i.e. emotional abuse and neglect) is probably more prevalent and potentially more destructive than other forms of child maltreatment. Rejection, one of its major forms, has been found to negatively affect child development in all countries where it has been studied. However, psychological maltreatment has been given relatively little attention by the general public and helping professions, and it has seldom been the primary target of research or intervention. This article reviews the state of knowledge of psychological maltreatment, giving attention to its position as the core issue in child maltreatment based on the assumptions that: (a) it is inherent in all forms of child maltreatment; (b) the major negative effects of child maltreatment are generally psychological in nature; and (c) the concept clarifies and unifies the dynamics that underlie the destructive power of all forms of child abuse and neglect. Prevention is identified as the general strategy having the most poten...
Criteria for right disfocality of linear difference equations

Abstract Right disfocality and criteria for right disfocality of linear difference equations are considered. The criteria require the positivity of appropriate minors of a Wronskian determinant and are analogues to criteria for the disconjugacy of linear ordinary differential equations and linear difference equations.
Duration and reinstatement of myocardial protection against infarction by ischemic preconditioning in open chest dogs.

Abstract These studies were undertaken to determine the duration of protection against myocardial infarction provided by ischemic preconditioning in the canine heart, and to learn if cardioprotection can be restored by another preconditioning stimulus when the initial effect is lost. Control and four preconditioning groups of anesthetized, open-chest dogs were compared. All underwent a test 60 min episode of ischemia, induced by occlusion of the anterior descending (LAD) artery, followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Preconditioning was induced by one 10 min LAD occlusion, followed by either 10 min, 2, 3, or 5 h of reperfusion. In order to test whether preconditioning could be reinstated, another group of dogs with preconditioning plus 3 h reperfusion underwent a second 10 min preconditioning stimulus with 10 min reperfusion before the 60 min test-occlusion. Infarct size (as percent of area-at-risk) was analyzed (using analysis of covariance) with respect to coronary collateral blood flow measured with radioactive microspheres. Infarct size was limited markedly by preconditioning (23±6 v 6±2%, P v Control and significant P v preconditioning). Protection was restored in three of six dogs with preconditioning +5 h reperfusion, suggesting that the second window of protection appears early in some canine hearts. When preconditioning was repeated after 3 h reperfusion, cardioprotection was reinstated fully (7±2%, P v Control and NS v preconditioning). The results show that maximal preconditioning cardioprotection is present in the dog heart after 10 min of reperfusion and is dissipated totally following 3 h of reperfusion. However, a second preconditioning stimulus of 10 min of ischemia followed by 10 min of reperfusion to the dissipated preconditioned heart reinstates full preconditioning. Thus, this model provides a system to test for theoretical causes of the preconditioned state. Final mediators should be present when preconditioning is present and absent when preconditioning is dissipated. It is noteworthy that a second window of protection appeared in 50% of dogs when the period of reperfusion was extended to 5 h.
Tests on a digital neutron-gamma pulse shape discriminator with NE213

Abstract A technique using charge sensitive analog-to-digital converters to do neutron-gamma pulse shape discrimination is reported. The converters are gated by short (135 ns) pulses so as to reduce pile-up and the timing is such that the slow and total light output from the scintillator are measured. Preliminary tests indicate that the system performs reasonably well but poorer than some reported analog systems employing gated integrators or cross-over techniques.
Adaptive memory: The survival scenario enhances item-specific processing relative to a moving scenario

Nairne, Thompson, and Pandeirada (2007) found that retention of words rated for their relevance to survival is superior to that of words encoded under numerous other deep processing conditions. They suggested that our memory systems might have evolved to confer an advantage for survival-relevant information. Burns, Burns, and Hwang (2011) suggested a two-process explanation of the proximate mechanisms responsible for the survival advantage. Whereas most control tasks encourage only one type of processing, the survival task encourages both item-specific and relational processing. They found that when control tasks encouraged both types of processing, the survival processing advantage was eliminated. However, none of their control conditions included non-survival scenarios (e.g., moving, vacation, etc.), so it is not clear how this two-process explanation would explain the survival advantage when scenarios are used as control conditions. The present experiments replicated the finding that the survival scenario improves recall relative to a moving scenario in both a between-lists and within-list design and also provided evidence that this difference was accompanied by an item-specific processing difference, not a difference in relational processing. The implications of these results for several existing accounts of the survival processing effect are discussed.
Application of the conjugate gradient FFT method to large radiating systems using subdomain basis functions

A technique is presented to improve the convergence of the conjugate-gradient fast Fourier transforms (CGFFT) method by the incorporation of subdomain basis functions associated with linear and planar radiating elements. To this end, the current is expressed as a convolution of a pulse basis with a finite sequence of delta functions whose amplitudes are the sampled values of the current. Using this current representation and the convolution theorem, the CGFFT formulation is extended to general basis functions. It is shown that significant improvements are achieved in the convergence of the method using sinusoidal basis functions. The improvement in the convergence is attributed to a more accurate approximation of the antenna current distribution. >
Utilizing endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration in identifying molecular targets for pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer remains a devastating disease, with poor survival rates and high recurrence rates with current treatment regimens. Over the years we have come to understand the complex biology of this cancer, involving cross-talking signaling pathways that proffers resistance to current therapy. Several molecularly targeted agents remain in development. At the 2013 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting, an abstract (#4051) was presented which explored using endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of pancreatic cancer tissue to identify molecular targets, and argued for the feasibility of personalizing pancreatic cancer therapy based on the activated molecular pathways identified. We summarize their findings and discuss the possibility of utilizing this model to obtain a better understanding of pancreatic cancer at each stage of its metamorphosis and target therapy at these different levels. Image: Jaharis Family Center for Biomedical and Nutrition Sciences. Tufts University School of Medicine. Boston, MA, USA.
Classifying individuals based on predictors of random effects

Often one wishes to describe individuals according to whether their average exposure over a period of time is above or below some meaningful threshold. In this article, we treat predictors of random effects as diagnostic tools to aid in such classification, given that the true unobservable mean exposure for each of a set of individuals is defined according to a mixed linear model. Viewing candidate predictors in this light engenders the consideration of a unique set of performance criteria, and invites the use of nomenclature commonly used by epidemiologists and decision analysts to evaluate diagnostic techniques. We describe these criteria analytically and graphically under a random effects analysis of variance model, with the expressed goal of classifying subjects with regard to their true mean. Given knowledge of the model parameters, we compare typical predictors and illustrate the fact that completely new alternatives can arise depending on the particular set of criteria emphasized. We include a brief simulation study in which we also compare prediction methods according to various classification criteria, after incorporating estimates of the unknown model parameters. We provide two examples using data from participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. In the first example, we seek to classify HIV seronegative individuals based on their mean diastolic blood pressure. In the second, via a natural extension to a randomized regression model, we classify HIV seropositive individuals according to their CD4 + slope over time.
The induction of two biosynthetic enzymes helps Escherichia coli sustain heme synthesis and activate catalase during hydrogen peroxide stress

Hydrogen peroxide pervades many natural environments, including the phagosomes that mediate cell-based immunity. Transcriptomic analysis showed that during protracted low-grade H(2)O(2) stress, Escherichia coli responds by activating both the OxyR defensive regulon and the Fur iron-starvation response. OxyR induced synthesis of two members of the nine-step heme biosynthetic pathway: ferrochelatase (HemH) and an isozyme of coproporphyrinogen III oxidase (HemF). Mutations that blocked either adaptation caused the accumulation of porphyrin intermediates, inadequate activation of heme enzymes, low catalase activity, defective clearance of H(2)O(2) and a failure to grow. Genetic analysis indicated that HemH induction is needed to compensate for iron sequestration by the mini-ferritin Dps. Dps activity protects DNA and proteins by limiting Fenton chemistry, but it interferes with the ability of HemH to acquire the iron that it needs to complete heme synthesis. HemF is a manganoprotein that displaces HemN, an iron-sulfur enzyme whose synthesis and/or stability is apparently problematic during H(2)O(2) stress. Thus, the primary responses to H(2)O(2), including the sequestration of iron, require compensatory adjustments in the mechanisms of iron-cofactor synthesis. The results support the growing evidence that oxidative stress is primarily an iron pathology.
A NOTE ON THE SPALLATION OF SILVER AND BROMINE BY HIGH-ENERGY PROTONS AND HEAVY NUCLEI

It is shown that the prong-number distribution of « stars » produced in nuclear emulsions by energetic protons may be used to give a qualitative indication of the spallation element yield curve for silver and bromine target nuclei. The prong number distribution of stars produced by energetic,E⩾1.5 GeV per nucleon, cosmic-ray nuclei withZ⩾6 is examined in a similar manner and it is shown that the spallation yield curve on the same target nuclei is significantly different from that observed for protons.
Development of a cell-based hepatitis C virus infection fluorescent resonance energy transfer assay for high-throughput antiviral compound screening.

A major obstacle in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been the lack of effective, well-tolerated therapeutics. Notably, the recent development of the HCV cell culture infection system now allows not only for the study of the entire viral life cycle, but also for the screening of inhibitors against all aspects of HCV infection. However, in order to screen libraries of potential antiviral compounds, it is necessary to develop a highly reproducible, accurate assay for HCV infection adaptable for high-throughput screening (HTS) automation. Using an internally quenched 5-FAM/QXL 520 fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) substrate containing the HCV NS3 peptide cleavage sequence, we report the development of a simple, mix-and-measure, homogenous, cell-based HCV infection assay amendable for HTS. This assay makes use of synchronized, nondividing human hepatoma-derived Huh7 cells, which support more-reproducible long-term HCV infection and can be readily scaled down to a 96-well-plate format. We demonstrate that this stable cell culture method eliminates common problems associated with standard cell-based HTS, such as cell culture variability, poor reproducibility, and low signal intensity. Importantly, this HCV FRET assay not only can identify inhibitors that act throughout the viral life cycle as effectively as more-standard HCV assays, such as real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis, but also exhibits a high degree of accuracy with limited signal variation (i.e., Z′ ≥ 0.6), providing the basis for a robust HTS campaign for screening compound libraries and identifying novel HCV antivirals.
Heat curing of whey protein films.

Heat curing of edible whey protein isolate (WPI) films was studied as a means of improving mechanical and water vapor barrier properties. Curing temperature and relative humidity (RH) effects on the rate of change of maximum tensile stress (TS), elongation at break (E), Young's Modulus (Y m ), and water vapor permeability (WVP) were investigated. Cure time linearly affected TS and Y m , while influencing Eand WVP exponentially. Increased cure temperature and reduced RH accelerated TS increase, E and Y m decrease and Increased improvement in WVP barrier properties. These data support the hypothesis that heat curing may elicit additional crosslinking of protein, yielding increased TS and decreased Eand WVP; however, further work is required to confirm this hypothesis.
Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Welwitindolinone A and Fischerindoles I and G

The first total syntheses of welwitindolinone A and the most complex members of the fischerindole family, fischerindoles I and G, are reported. Highlights of these short, protecting-group-free syntheses include the application of the recently developed direct indole−carbonyl coupling, a simple approach for installing the quaternary center with neighboring chlorine atom, a regioselective dehydrogenation/dehydration cascade to access fischerindole I, and a remarkably facile oxidative ring contraction to construct welwitindolinone A. An alternative biogenetic hypothesis, whose accuracy is suggested by the success of the current syntheses, is also put forth for this alkaloid family.
Social networks and families of divorce: A study of structure-content interactions

This study reports on the social network features of 13 families in the process of divorce. The author notes the splitting of parental networks in this process. He observes that network interaction can be both supportive and destructive-with both intended and unintended effects.
Craniofacial osseointegration of a large midfacial bone-anchored combination maxillofacial prosthesis: A clinical report

The combination of retentive clips and magnets has been used with favorable results for smaller facial prostheses. This patient's large midfacial defect created the need for an attachment design that would retain an intraoral obturator prosthesis and a large silicone facial prosthesis. The advantages of this design include having an obturator that is separately attached by clips to the framework. This allows the patient more ease in insertion and removal of the prosthesis. It also allows for better oral hygiene. The magnets aid the patient in the proper alignment of the facial prosthesis. The O-ring attachment was not a complicated technique in this patient's treatment. The patient can, without the use of a mirror, snap the rubber matrix O-ring attachment over the patrix attachment on the framework. This resulted in a retentive facial prosthesis, which helped the patient feel more secure. The silicone margins were well adapted to the patient's skin, which allows the use of thin translucent margins and the elimination of the inherent problems associated with the use of adhesives.
Algebra isomorphisms between standard operator algebras

This is a joint work with A. Luttman (Studia Math., 2009)Let A;B be Banach algebras.Question:When is a surjective operator T : A !B an algebraic isomorphism, i.e.a linear and multiplicative bijection?Signiﬁcant role in answering this question is played by the spectrumand the peripheral spectrum of f 2A.Deﬁnition 1.The spectrum of f 2A is the set ˙(f) = f2C: z f 2=A
Angle closure in younger patients.

Abstract Purpose Angle-closure glaucoma is rare in children and young adults; only scattered cases associated with specific clinical entities have been reported. We evaluated the findings in patients aged 40 or younger with angle closure in our database. Design Retrospective noncomparative case series. Participants Our database was searched for patients aged 40 years or younger with angle closure. Data recorded included age at initial consultation, age at the time of diagnosis, gender, slit-lamp examination, gonioscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy (from 1993 onward), clinical diagnosis, and therapy. Patients with prior incisional surgery were excluded, as were patients with anterior chamber proliferative mechanisms leading to angle closure. Results Sixty-seven patients (49 females, 18 males) met entry criteria. Mean age at the time of consultation was 34.4 ± 9.4 (standard deviation) years (range, 3–68 years). Diagnoses included plateau iris syndrome (35 patients); iridociliary cysts (8 patients); retinopathy of prematurity (7 patients); uveitis (5 patients); isolated nanophthalmos (3 patients); relative pupillary block (2 patients); Weill-Marchesani syndrome (3 patients); and 1 patient each with Marfan syndrome, miotic-induced angle closure, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, and idiopathic lens subluxation. Conclusions The etiology of angle closure in young individuals differs from the older population and is typically associated with structural/developmental ocular anomalies rather than relative pupillary block. After laser iridotomy, these eyes should be monitored for recurrent angle closure and the need for additional laser or incisional surgical intervention.
Early Development of Voltage-Gated Ion Currents and Firing Properties in Neurons of the Mouse Cerebral Cortex

Voltage- and current-clamp recordings were made from acute slices of mouse cerebral cortex from embryonic day 14 to postnatal day 17. We targeted cells in the migratory population of the embryonic ...
Mechanisms of K+ transport across basolateral membranes of principal cells in Malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti.

SUMMARY The mechanisms of K+ entry from the hemolymph into principal cells of Malpighian tubules were investigated in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. The K+ channel blocker Ba2+ (5 mmol l–1) significantly decreased transepithelial (TEP) fluid secretion (Vs) from 0.84 nl min–1 to 0.37 nl min–1 and decreased the K+ concentration in secreted fluid from 119.0 mmol l–1 to 54.3 mmol l–1 with no change in the Cl– concentration. Even though the Na+ concentration increased significantly from 116.8 mmol l–1 to 144.6 mmol l–1, rates of TEP ion secretion significantly decreased for all three ions. In addition, Ba2+ had the following significant electrophysiological effects: it depolarized the TEP voltage (Vt) from 19.4 mV to 17.2 mV, increased the TEP resistance (Rt) from 6.4 kΩcm to 6.9 kΩcm, hyperpolarized the basolateral membrane voltage of principal cells (Vbl) from –75.2 mV to –88.2 mV and increased the cell input resistance from 363.7 kΩ to 516.3 kΩ. These effects of Ba2+ reflect the block of K+ channels that, apparently, are also permeable to Na+. Bumetanide (100μ mol l–1) had no effect on TEP fluid secretion and electrical resistance but significantly decreased TEP K+ secretion, consistent with the inhibition of electroneutral Na+/K+/2Cl– cotransport. TEP Na+ secretion significantly increased because other Na+ entry pathways remained active. Bumetanide plus Ba2+ completely inhibited TEP electrolyte and fluid secretion, with fast and slow kinetics reflecting the Ba2+ block of basolateral membrane K+ channels and the inhibition of Na+/K+/2Cl– cotransport, respectively. The single and combined effects of Ba2+ and bumetanide suggest that (1) K+ channels and Na+/K+/2Cl– cotransport are the primary mechanisms for bringing K+ into cells, (2) K+ channels mediate a significant Na+ influx, (3) Na+ has as many as four entry pathways and (4) the mechanisms of TEP K+ and Na+ secretion are coupled such that complete block of TEP K+ renders the epithelium unable to secrete Na+.
High Order Algorithms for Adaptive Filters

Faster convergence of adaptive filters has been of particular interest in the areas of adaptive equalizers and adaptive antennas. The algorithm most frequently suggested is some variation of the firstorder gradient-descent LMS algorithm. This paper investigates a general procedure for the design of higher-order algorithms. Convergence of the mean weight vector and the variance is compared for three typical algorithms. Results indicate that high order convergence of the mean weight vector can easily be achieved, and this in itself can be useful. However, the variance response of the high order algorithms can tend to have an offsetting effect which may preclude their use in some applications.
Is Tinnitus a Psychological Disorder

There have been consistent reports in the psychosomatic literature indicating that a patient's perception of tinnitus as well as differential response to various treatment modalities may be affected by personality variables. The present study examined several personality correlates of subjective tinnitus in forty-five male patients referred to the Audiology Clinic of a large VA Medical Center with constant tinnitus of at least six months duration. Information was also collected on etiology, onset and chronicity, medications, prior treatment and related medical problems. Four standard psychological tests (MMPI, Cattel's 16 PF, Rotter's Locus of Control and Holmes and Rahe Life Stress Scale) were administered to all patients in the study, in addition to a comprehensive audiologic and otologic evaluation. Correlational analyses were used to examine the relationship between personality profiles and the demographic, medical and audiologic data. The expected psychosomatic characteristics of this patient populat...
Human Coronavirus EMC Is Not the Same as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

A newly identified betacoronavirus, human coronavirus EMC (HCoV-EMC), has been isolated from several patients with respiratory and renal disease in the Middle East. While only a few infected patients have been identified, the mortality of the infection is greater than 50%. Like its better-known cousin severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), HCoV- EMC appears to have originated from bats. In a recent article in mBio, Muller et al. described several important differences be- tween the two viruses (M. A. Muller et al., mBio3(6):e00515-12, 2012, doi:10.1128/mBio.00515-12). Unlike SARS-CoV, HCoV- EMC can directly infect bat cells. As important, HCoV-EMC does not enter cells using the SARS-CoV receptor, human angiotensin-converting receptor-2 (hACE2). These results provide a strong incentive for identifying the host cell receptor used by HCoV-EMC. Identification of the receptor will provide insight into the pathogenesis of pulmonary and renal disease and may also suggest novel therapeutic interventions.
Factors associated with errors in self-reports of stature, weight, and body mass index in Minnesota adolescents.

Purpose Obtaining stature, weight, and body mass index (BMI) from self-reports rather than by direct measurements is highly attractive economically and logistically, but there are few data available for adolescents that allow evaluation of potential sources of reporting bias. Because self-reports are based on self perceptions, personal characteristics of youth may be related to errors in reporting. Methods Differences between self-reported and measured stature, weight, and BMI were investigated for a sample of 3797 Minnesota youth, 12 to 18 years of age. Gender, age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and measured body size were examined as potential factors associated with errors in self-reports. Results Self-reported stature, weight, and BMI were generally highly correlated with corresponding measured dimensions, although adolescents of both genders systematically overestimated their statures, underestimated their weights, and underestimated BMI. Significant associations of errors in self-reports with age, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status suggested that differences in self perceptions or value ascribed to body size varies according to these personal characteristics. Systematic errors in self-reported stature, weight, and BMI were negatively associated with the corresponding measured dimension when adjusted for age, race/ethnicity and SES, such that prevalences of overweight based on BMI from self-reported measures were systematically underestimated relative to measured values. Conclusions Self-reports of stature, weight, and BMI are on the average, valid representations of their measured counterparts; nevertheless, errors in the self-reports are systematically related to characteristics of youth. Consequently, findings from these studies should be interpreted carefully.
Personality and depression: explanatory models and review of the evidence.

Understanding the association between personality and depression has implications for elucidating etiology and comorbidity, identifying at-risk individuals, and tailoring treatment. We discuss seven major models that have been proposed to explain the relation between personality and depression, and we review key methodological issues, including study design, the heterogeneity of mood disorders, and the assessment of personality. We then selectively review the extensive empirical literature on the role of personality traits in depression in adults and children. Current evidence suggests that depression is linked to traits such as neuroticism/negative emotionality, extraversion/positive emotionality, and conscientiousness. Moreover, personality characteristics appear to contribute to the onset and course of depression through a variety of pathways. Implications for prevention and prediction of treatment response are discussed, as well as specific considerations to guide future research on the relation betwe...
UNIT HYDROGRAPHS – A COMPARATIVE STUDY

ABSTRACT. Unit hydrographs derived by using two methods, linear programming and least squares, are compared. Test data comprise rainfall and runoff information from four storms over the North Branch Potomac River near Cumberland, Maryland. The mathematical bases of these methods for unit-hydrograph derivation are explained. The linear programming method minimizes the sum of absolute deviations, and the least squares method minimizes the sum of the squares of deviations. Computer subroutines are readily available for application of these methods. The unit hydrographs derived with the two methods are practically the same for storms 2 and 3, but differ somewhat for storms 1 and 4. However, the reconstituted direct surface runoff hydrographs are similar to those observed with the exception of the hydrograph for storm 4 which had a relatively more non-uniform rainfall excess of a considerably larger duration.
Identification of culturable stream water bacteria from urban, agricultural, and forested watersheds using 16S rRNA gene sequencing

Bacteria present in water samples taken on a weekly basis, from June 2004 through June 2005, from three streams, were cultured on Coliscan Easygel agar plates. Colonies representative of a variety of colors and morphologies were subjected to amplification and sequencing of a 1000-1100 nt portion of the 16S rRNA gene. A total of 528 colonies were sequenced; these categorized into 26 genera and 78 species. Of 175 dark blue/purple colonies presumed to be E. coli, sequence analysis indicated that 45 (25%) were actually other genera. For the urban stream Gwynns Falls Gwynns Run, E. coli was the most common genus/species encountered, followed by Klebsiella and Aeromonas. For Pond Branch, a stream located in a forested watershed, it was Serratia, followed by Yersinia and Aeromonas. For McDonogh (MCDN), a stream associated with Zea mays (corn) row crop agriculture, E. coli was the most frequently isolated genus/species, followed by Aeromonas and Enterobacter. ERIC-PCR genotyping of isolates from the most prevalent genera/species, indicated a high degree of diversity within-stream for E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Conversely, genotyping of Y. enterocolitica isolates indicated that some were shared between different streams.
Agile computing: bridging the gap between grid computing and ad-hoc peer-to-peer resource sharing

Agile computing may be defined as opportunistically (or on user demand) discovering and taking advantage of available resources in order to improve capability, performance, efficiency, fault tolerance, and survivability. The term agile is used to highlight both the need to quickly react to changes in the environment as well as the need to exploit transient resources only available for short periods of time. Agile computing builds on current research in grid computing, ad-hoc networking, and peer-to-peer resource sharing. This paper describes both the general notion of agile computing as well as one particular approach that exploits mobility of code, data, and computation. Some performance metrics are also suggested to measure the effectiveness of any approach to agile computing.
Technology to support groupware: the CARAT architecture

As groupware systems are implemented, designers and developers will be faced with sets of unfamiliar requirements, calling on many disciplines: graphical user interfaces, distributed databases, information retrieval, and others. Individual groupware system requirements are not necessarily complex or unique. It is the combination of requirements which presents a formidable barrier to the creation of systems. Meeting this challenge will require both new and innovative use of existing software technologies. The authors present some of the special software-based requirements of groupware, and give generic solutions to them. Collaborative research is an important intellectual activity that can benefit significantly from comprehensive automated support. They evaluate how architectural requirements are being met in CARAT, a collaborative research system in order to inform the design of the larger class of general groupware systems. >
Passages to the Presidency: From Campaigning to Governing. By Charles O. Jones. Washington, DC: Brookings, 1998. 224p. $39.95 cloth, $16.95 paper.

The American political system has many features that set it apart from other governments of the world, but not all are equally apparent. One distinctive aspect is the length and importance of the transition period from one presidential administration to another. In most countries the passage of power occurs almost as soon as the election results are known (consider, e.g., the rapid assumption of power by President Kostunica after Slobodan Milosevic admitted defeat in the September 2000 Yugoslav election), but in the United States roughly ten weeks elapse between the election and inaugu- ration. The American approach, as Charles Jones puts it in this outstanding book, is to transfer power at a "leisurely pace."
Minimally Invasive Repairs of Pectus Excavatum: Surgical Outcomes, Quality of Life, and Predictors of Reoperation

Background We sought to examine our institutional experience (1998 to 2014) with minimally invasive repairs of pectus excavatum (MIRPE). Study Design We conducted a retrospective review and a mailed survey (quality of life assessment). Associations with reoperation due to bar migration and recurrence after bar removal were evaluated with logistic regression. Results Three hundred and thirteen patients (79% male) underwent MIRPE at a mean ± SD age of 15 ± 3 years. Bar migration requiring reoperation occurred in 16 (5%) patients (median 26 days, interquartile range 15 to 70 days from repair). Wire fixation (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.16; p = 0.014) and bar stabilizer (HR = 4.57; p = 0.002) use were associated with increased risk of reoperation, and bilateral pericostal suture fixation (HR = 0.15; p Conclusions Although excellent outcomes after MIRPE can be achieved, our results highlight identified strategies that are associated with decreased risk of reoperation (eg, use of bilateral pericostal suture fixation, surgeon experience, and thoracoscopic guidance). Our results also suggest that elective bar removal should be delayed until the patient is at least 18 years old and has had the bar in for at least 4 years.
Cerebrovascular reactivity changes in asymptomatic female athletes attributable to high school soccer participation.

As participation in women’s soccer continues to grow and the longevity of female athletes’ careers continues to increase, prevention and care for mTBI in women’s soccer has become a major concern for female athletes since the long-term risks associated with a history of mTBI are well documented. Among women’s sports, soccer exhibits among the highest concussion rates, on par with those of men’s football at the collegiate level. Head impact monitoring technology has revealed that “concussive hits” occurring directly before symptomatic injury are not predictive of mTBI, suggesting that the cumulative effect of repetitive head impacts experienced by collision sport athletes should be assessed. Neuroimaging biomarkers have proven to be valuable in detecting brain changes that occur before neurocognitive symptoms in collision sport athletes. Quantifying the relationship between changes in these biomarkers and head impacts experienced by female soccer athletes may prove valuable to developing preventative measures for mTBI. This study paired functional magnetic resonance imaging with head impact monitoring to track cerebrovascular reactivity changes throughout a season and to test whether the observed changes could be attributed to mechanical loading experienced by female athletes participating in high school soccer. Marked cerebrovascular reactivity changes were observed in female soccer athletes, relative both to non-collision sport control measures and pre-season measures and were localized to fronto-temporal aspects of the brain. These changes persisted 4–5 months after the season ended and recovered by 8 months after the season. Segregation of the total soccer cohort into cumulative loading groups revealed that population-level changes were driven by athletes experiencing high cumulative loads, although athletes experiencing lower cumulative loads still contributed to group changes. The results of this study imply a non-linear relationship between cumulative loading and cerebrovascular changes with a threshold, above which the risk, of injury likely increases significantly.
Structures and Intergrowths in Thallium Superconductors

The superconducting phases of Tl 2 Ba 2 CaCu 2 O 8 (2212) and Tl 2 Ba 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10 (2223) have been identified by means of electron diffraction analysis and high resolution electron microscopy. The 2212 phase is essentially perfect, with the structure previously determined by x-ray studies but with a different c/a ratio, while the 2223 phase shows structural variations which may be due to oxygen vacancies. In addition, superstructures based on intergrowths of 2212 and 2223 and the block structures Tl 2 Ba 2 Ca n Cu n+1 O 2n+6 (n=1,3,4,5) intergrown in 2223 were observed.
Closed-loop corrections to the su(3) x su(3) sigma model - one- and two-point functions

We present the calculation of one-loop corrections to the one- and two-point functions in the renormalizable S${\mathrm{U}}_{3}$ $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ model with a symmetry-breaking term ${L}_{\mathrm{SB}}={\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{0}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{0}+{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{8}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{8}$. We renormalized at the masses of $\ensuremath{\pi}$, $K$, $\ensuremath{\eta}$, ${\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, $\ensuremath{\sigma}$, and ${f}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}$. The second-order corrections are found to be small compared to tree-approximation values. The measure of octet breaking, $b=\frac{〈{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{8}〉}{\sqrt{2}〈{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{0}〉}$, changes less than 5%. The value of $a=\frac{{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{8}}{\sqrt{2}{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{0}}$ is insignificantly changed. The scalar-meson masses are shifted by less than 10%, with the exception of the ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$. The widths are large, with the exception of the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}_{N}$. We calculate corrections to $\frac{{f}_{K}}{{f}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}}$, the wave-function renormalization constants, mixing angles, and the renormalized $\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $K$ propagators at ${q}^{2}=0$.
Entropy localization in proteins

The configurational entropy of a protein is under physiological conditions a major contributor to the free energy. Its quantitative characterization is therefore an important step toward the understanding of protein function. The configurational entropy of the oncoprotein MDM2, whose determination is a challenge by experiment alone, is studied here by means of 0.4 μs molecular dynamics computer simulations in both the presence and absence of the p53-peptide ligand. By characterizing protein motions in dihedral angle space, it is found that the motional amplitudes change considerably upon ligand binding while correlations between dihedral angle motions are remarkably well conserved. This applies for backbone and side-chain dihedral angle pairs at both short- and long-range distance to the binding site. As a direct consequence, the change of the configurational entropy can be decomposed into a sum of local contributions. This significantly facilitates the understanding of the relationship between protein dynamics and thermodynamics, which is important, for example, in the context of protein-ligand and protein-protein interactions. The findings also have implications for the direct derivation of entropy changes from site-specific dynamics measurements as afforded by NMR spectroscopy.
Fine-needle aspiration cytology of metastatic neoplasms in the breast

Twenty cases of metastatic neoplasms in the breast were identified in a series of 1,034 fine-needle aspirations (FNAs) of the breast, of which 389 were malignant. Patients with breast carcinomas in whom metastasis to the contralateral breast developed were excluded from this study. This series consisted of 17 women and 3 men, ranging in age from 28 to 63 years (mean, 49 years). The tumors included oat cell carcinoma (three), melanoma (three), ovarian serous carcinoma (one), bronchogenic adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma (four and two, respectively), lymphoma (two), carcinoid (two), transitional cell carcinoma (one), plasma cell myeloma (one), and rhabdomyosarcoma (one). In two patients, the breast mass was the first manifestation of an extramammary cancer (two adenocarcinoma of the lung). Eleven patients died of disseminated cancer shortly after the breast metastasis was diagnosed. In most cases, the aspirates displayed the cytologic features characteristic of the primary tumors, thereby establishing the metastatic nature of the neoplasm. In four cases (two carcinoids, one myeloma, and one rhabdomyosarcoma), the cytologic features were difficult to differentiate from a primary breast carcinoma; however, the final diagnosis was established by electron microscopic examination and immunocytochemical studies on the aspirates. One case (adenocarcinoma of the lung) was misdiagnosed as primary breast carcinoma on both FNA and mastectomy specimen. Because metastatic neoplasms in the breast may mimic primary breast tumors, the authors recommend the following: (1) Evaluation of FNA of breast should be done with complete knowledge of the patient's clinical history. (2) The possibility of metastasis should be suspected in lesions with unusual cytologic patterns. (3) Ancillary studies on FNA can be helpful in interpreting selected cases.
Comments on “Approach-Avoidance Conflict in the Mother-Surrogate Situation”

Questions concerning the conclusion of Rosenblum and Harlow are presented with documentation.
Study on the Executive Strategy of the Pilot Project of Improving the First Dose Coverage Rate Timely for Hepatitis B Vaccine in Poor Areas

OBJECTIVE To explore the measures of improving the first dose coverage rate timely for hepatitis B vaccinein poor districts, and protect the susceptible of hepatitis B virus effectively. METHODS In Anding District, Tongwei County, Weiyuan County and Zhang County of Dingxi City, we carry baseline surveys, and strengthen the organization and management, strengthen personnel training, carrythe effective propaganda and education, implement the mapping survey of maternal and newborn, increase communication between CDC and Maternal and Child, pay close attention to the supervision and inspection for strategies and measures. RESULTS The Hepatitis B timely birth dose rate increases from 61.31%in 2005 to 94.99% in 2007. CONCLUSIONS The hepatitis B timely birth dose rate in Dingxi City improves and the infection rate of HBV descends evidently for the project.
Abstract 365: Microparticle-Induced Activation of the Vascular Endothelium Requires Caveolin-1/Caveolae

Microparticles (MPs) are small membrane fragments shed from normal as well as activated, apoptotic or injured cells. Recent findings show a strong correlation between elevated levels of circulating MPs and several cardiovascular disease states including hypertension and atherosclerosis. Moreover, emerging evidence implicates MPs as a causal and/or contributing factor in altering normal vascular cell phenotype through initiation of proinflammatory signal transduction events and paracrine delivery of proteins, mRNA and miRNA. However, little is known regarding the mechanism by which MPs influence these events. Caveolae are important membrane microdomains, which function as centers of signal transduction and endocytosis. A number of known MP signaling events are associated with caveolae-mediated pathways, yet the relationship between caveolae and MPs has not been established. Here, we tested the concept that MP induced signaling in endothelial cells (ECs) depends on caveolae. MPs were generated from mouse lung ECs exposed to TNF-α for 24 hrs. MPs were isolated using low and high-speed centrifugation, resuspended and then exposed to ECs. Consistent with previous reports, MPs activated ECs as evidenced by upregulation of intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) expression. ICAM upregulation was associated with activation of NF-κB, Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This response was absent in ECs lacking cavolin-1. To test whether caveolae-mediated endocytosis is a feature of the proinflammatory response, ECs were pretreated with dynasore, a dynamin2 inhibitor. Similar to observations in cells lacking caveolin-1, inhibition of endocytosis significantly attenuated MPs effects including activation of EGFR, NF-κB and PARP1 and ICAM expression. Last, we found that the EGFR localized in caveolae indicating that compartmentation of proximal signaling components in caveolae is essential for induction of an endothelial pro-inflammatory phenotype by MPs.