cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distributed hierarchical architecture for structural control

A distributed, hierarchical architecture is presented which is particularly suitable for the control of large flexible structures. We assume that large, flexible structures are a collection of smaller substructures for which nominal, probably linear models exist. We advocate the generation of hardware analogs for these substructures based on the nominal models, as building blocks for both the larger structure and for the feedback controllers. Relying on the availability of the substructure model realizations, we advocate the use of local (decentralized) model-based substructure controllers. In addition to the nominal model based nominal controllers outlined above, we propose Neural Network based Identifiers and Controllers to generate a correction signal for state estimation and control. Thus the use of the Neural Network has been relegated to that of being a predictor and corrector to a nominal estimator and controller for the substructure. At a higher level in this architecture is a third Neural Network which has the task of handling larger excursions from the expected response of the system so as to switch to handle faults and other emergencies.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Collective Action Without Organization: The Material Constitution of Bike Commuters as Collective:

This study uses a novel situation of organizing, bicycle commuting, to develop an argument regarding the requirements for collective action and increased autonomy for the material in constituting organizations. We found that through individual material and spatial practices, bike commuters constitute themselves as a collective, making their presence known and creating possibility for change. However, bike commuters’ discourses indicate that they do not experience a collective identity or sense of community of practice. We use this study to extend two areas of theory. First, we suggest that collective action can take place without organization or organizing: individual activities can aggregate to have an effect even if they are not officially coordinated or members do not acknowledge membership in a collective. Second, we suggest that this example moves beyond previous work on the communicative constitution of organizations to suggest that the material can constitute a collective, even without human, discu...
The risk of acute rejection and the influence of induction agents in lower-risk African American kidney transplant recipients receiving modern immunosuppression.

Background While kidney transplant recipients of African American (AA) descent are frequently considered at increased risk of acute rejection, the value of induction therapy is not defined in settings of lower immunologic risk and modern immunosuppression. Methods Using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database, we identified 23 244 primary kidney transplant recipients with panel-reactive antibody (PRA) = 0% treated with TAC/MPA and prednisone from 2000 to 2008. We compared acute rejection, graft survival (GS), and patient survival rates among AA and non-AA and further stratified by induction therapy (none, IL2ra, or rATG). Results One-yr acute rejection was higher in AA than in non-AA overall (14.5% vs. 9.9%, hazard ratio [HR] for acute rejection [AR] 1.43, p < 0.0001) and was higher regardless of induction agent use. Induction therapy was associated with a reduction in AR, but no benefit in GS in AA or non-AA. In AA, rATG (adjusted relative risk [RR] 0.81, CI 0.70–0.94) and IL2ra (adjusted RR 0.80, CI 0.68–0.93) were similarly effective in reducing AR rates, but did not reach comparable outcomes as in non-AA. Conclusion African Americans who are at otherwise lower immunologic risk have a higher risk of rejection despite modern immunosuppression. Depleting or non-depleting induction therapy similarly reduces but does not entirely mitigate this increased risk, with no impact on three-yr GS.
A surprising extension of the preconditioned stimulus beyond the cotermination of the US and the added element does not alleviate blocking to the added element

Rats were subjected to the Kamin two-stage blocking procedure. First, a stimulus, A, was conditioned and then reinforced in compound with a target stimulus, B. During compound training, an attempt was made to alleviate blocking of conditioning to B by presenting a “surprise” stimulus for 5 sec following the reinforced AB compound. The surprise stimulus consisted of the continued presentation of the previously reinforced element, A. During A training, A had never extended beyond the moment of reinforcement; thus, its extension beyond reinforcement during AB training was hypothesized to be “surprising” and, therefore, expected to alleviate blocking. Blocking in this condition was, however, just as strong as in a standard blocking condition. The results do not favor a surprise interpretation of unblocking but do seem to be consistent with other theoretical views (e.g., Rescorla & Wagner, 1972).
Distinct LIM domains of Hic-5/ARA55 are required for nuclear matrix targeting and glucocorticoid receptor binding and coactivation.

Hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone-5 (Hic-5), belongs to the group III LIM domain protein family and contains four carboxyl-terminal LIM domains (LIM1–LIM4). In addition to its role in focal adhesion signaling, Hic-5 acts in the nucleus as a coactivator for some steroid hormone receptors such as the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and androgen receptor (AR). Based upon its effect on AR transactivation, Hic-5 has also been designated as ARA55. Here, we report mapping studies of Hic-5/ARA55 functional domains and establish that LIM3 and LIM4 are necessary for maximal effects on GR transactivation. However, results from yeast two-hybrid assays demonstrated that these two LIM domains together, while necessary, are not sufficient to interact with the tau2 transactivation domain of GR. LIM4 also functions as a nuclear matrix targeting sequence (NMTS) for Hic-5/ARA55, as it is both necessary and sufficient to target a heterologous protein to the nuclear matrix. Thus, as suggested from previous analysis of LIM domain-containing proteins, separate but highly related LIM domains serve distinct functions. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Isothermal and rising temperature kinetic studies of doped nonstoichiometric basic nickel carbonate

The techniques of thermal analysis are used to determine the mode of decomposition of nickel carbonates doped by the method of coprecipitation. Nickel carbonate prepared by this method is basic in nature with the stoichiometryxNiCO3·yNi(OH)2·zH2O. Isothermal Thermogravimetry was applied to determine the mechanism of decomposition. Rising temperature Thermogravimetry (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were used to study the effects of doping on the kinetics of the decomposition. Doping was found to strongly influence the kinetics of the decomposition. The kinetics of thermal decomposition of the doped carbonates were compared with conductivity studies. A compensation effect has been observed and is discussed, in the thermal decomposition of the doped nickel carbonates.
Determination of the enthalpies of combustion and formation of substituted triazines in an adiabatic rotating bomb calorimeter

To obtain reliable thermodynamic data on substituted triazines, it is necessary to use a calorimeter that is capable of high precision with small quantities of sample and in which a homogeneous solution o the corrosive combustion products can be maintained. The enthalpies of combustion of six substituted triazines have been determined in a platinum-lined adiabatic rotating bomb calorimeter. These are the first determinations of enthalpies of combustion or formation to have been reported for these compounds. The values derived for the enthalpies of formation in kJ/mol at 25 /sup 0/ C are as follows: 2,4,6-trimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine, -478.60 + or - 0.87; 2,4,6-triethoxy-1,3,5-triazine, -584.99 + or - 1.50; 2,4,6-tris(2-fluoro-2,2-dinitroethoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, -1109.80 + or - 1.53; 2,4-dimethoxy-6-(2-fluoro-2,2-dinitroethoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, -697.08 + or - 1.15; 2-methoxy-4,6-bis(2-fluoro-2,2-dinitroethoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, -907.71 + or - 2.40; 2-amino-4,6-bis(2-fluoro2,2-dinitroethoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, -773.12 + or - 1.50.
Does the use of place affect learner engagement?: the case of GeoStoryteller on the streets of New York

This paper details the research and development on GeoStoryteller, a project where learners engage with archival photos and multimedia narratives in historically relevant places. Using a combination of augmented reality technology and web-based delivery, the ultimate aim of the project is to uncover if place-based learning can increase learner engagement in historical topics. Currently, the researchers have completed system design and development and are in the process of collecting user feedback data. The initial application of this technology will focus on German immigration to New York City (1840--1945) through a partnership with the Goethe-Institut, the Federal Republic of Germany's cultural institution operational worldwide.
Vesicular distribution of Secretory Pathway Ca2+-ATPase isoform 1 and a role in manganese detoxification in liver-derived polarized cells

Manganese is a trace element that is an essential co-factor in many enzymes critical to diverse biological pathways. However, excess Mn2+ leads to neurotoxicity, with psychiatric and motor dysfunction resembling parkinsonism. The liver is the main organ for Mn2+ detoxification by excretion into bile. Although many pathways of cellular Mn2+ uptake have been established, efflux mechanisms remain essentially undefined. In this study, we evaluated a potential role in Mn2+ detoxification by the Secretory Pathway Ca2+, Mn2+-ATPase in rat liver and a liver-derived cell model WIF-B that polarizes to distinct bile canalicular and sinusoidal domains in culture. Of two known isoforms, only secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase isoform 1 (SPCA1) was expressed in liver and WIF-B cells. As previously observed in non-polarized cells, SPCA1 showed overlapping distribution with TGN38, consistent with Golgi/TGN localization. However, a prominent novel localization of SPCA1 to an endosomal population close to, but not on the basolateral membrane was also observed. This was confirmed by fractionation of rat liver homogenates which revealed dual distribution of SPCA1 to the Golgi/TGN and a fraction that included the early endosomal marker, EEA1. We suggest that this novel pool of endosomes may serve to sequester Mn2+ as it enters from the sinusoidal/basolateral domains. Isoform-specific partial knockdown of SPCA1 delayed cell growth and formation of canalicular domain by about 30% and diminished viability upon exposure to Mn2+. Conversely, overexpression of SPCA1 in HEK 293T cells conferred tolerance to Mn2+ toxicity. Taken together, our findings suggest a role for SPCA1 in Mn2+ detoxification in liver.
Managing cost uncertainties in transportation and assignment problems

In a fast changing global market, a manager is concerned with cost uncertainties of the cost matrix in transportation problems (TP) and assignment problems (AP).A time lag between the development and application of the model could cause cost parameters to assume different values when an optimal assignment is implemented. The manager might wish to determine the responsiveness of the current optimal solution to such uncertainties. A desirable tool is to construct a perturbation set (PS) of cost coeffcients which ensures the stability of an optimal solution under such uncertainties.
Coupled quantized mechanical oscillators

The harmonic oscillator is a simple and ubiquitous physical system, and various oscillators functioning at the quantum mechanical level are known. Previously, linkage between two quantum mechanical oscillators has been achieved only indirectly, but two groups now demonstrate direct coupling at the quantum level between two harmonic oscillators in separate locations. Such systems could be used as the building blocks for quantum information processors and simulators. Brown et al. achieve direct controllable coupling between 9Be+ ions held 40 micrometres apart in trapping potentials. In a similar experiment, Harlander et al. couple single 40Ca+ ions trapped 54 μm apart. In their system, additional ions act as antennae to amplify the coupling. The harmonic oscillator is a simple and ubiquitous physical system. This paper reports a new realization in the quantum regime, achieving direct controllable coupling between quantized mechanical oscillators. The oscillators are ions held in trapping potentials (separated by 40 micrometres) and coupled through their mutual Coulomb interaction. The system could be used as a building block for quantum computers and simulators. The harmonic oscillator is one of the simplest physical systems but also one of the most fundamental. It is ubiquitous in nature, often serving as an approximation for a more complicated system or as a building block in larger models. Realizations of harmonic oscillators in the quantum regime include electromagnetic fields in a cavity1,2,3 and the mechanical modes of a trapped atom4 or macroscopic solid5. Quantized interaction between two motional modes of an individual trapped ion has been achieved by coupling through optical fields6, and entangled motion of two ions in separate locations has been accomplished indirectly through their internal states7. However, direct controllable coupling between quantized mechanical oscillators held in separate locations has not been realized previously. Here we implement such coupling through the mutual Coulomb interaction of two ions held in trapping potentials separated by 40 μm (similar work is reported in a related paper8). By tuning the confining wells into resonance, energy is exchanged between the ions at the quantum level, establishing that direct coherent motional coupling is possible for separately trapped ions. The system demonstrates a building block for quantum information processing and quantum simulation. More broadly, this work is a natural precursor to experiments in hybrid quantum systems, such as coupling a trapped ion to a quantized macroscopic mechanical or electrical oscillator9,10,11,12,13.
Insulin Resistance: An Early Metabolic Defect of Turner's Syndrome*

To evaluate whether insulin resistance contributes to the increased risk of diabetes in patients with Turner's syndrome, we measured insulin sensitivity (using the euglycemic insulin clamp technique, 40 mU/m2 · min) and whole body glucose and lipid oxidation (assessed by indirect calorimetry) in two groups of nondiabetic patients with Turner's syndrome and age-matched normal controls. Group 1 consisted of eight young patients (mean age, 10 ± 0.8 yr) who had never received hormone therapy, and group 2 consisted of five patients (mean age, 17.6 ± 1.4 yr) who had been or were on estrogen therapy. In group 2, [3-3H]glucose was also infused during the euglycemic clamp to assess hepatic sensitivity to insulin. During the euglycemic clamp, insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism was decreased in both groups of patients [group 1, 8.4 ± 1.0 vs. 14.7 ± 2 mm/m2 · min in controls (P < 0.05); group 2, 9 ± 0.7 vs. 11.7 ± 0.9 mm/m2·min in controls (P < 0.05)]. The impairment of insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism in pat...
Efficacy and Safety of Loracarbef in Children with Streptococcal Pharyngitis and Acute Otitis Media

Streptococcal pharyngitis and acute otitis media are common infections in infants and children. The clinical efficacy and safety of an investigational antimicrobial, loracarbef, was compared with that of penicillin V in 49 children aged 0.5 to 17 years, under 2 protocols. In protocol A, 29 children with streptococcal pharyngitis received either loracarbef 7.5 mg/kg orally every 12 hours (15 patients) or penicillin V 5 mg/kg orally every 6 hours (14 patients) for 10 days.
Characterizing the Risk of IPO Long-Run Returns: The Impact of Momentum, Liquidity, Skewness, and Investment

We study 6,686 IPOs spanning the period 1981-2005 and find that the new issues puzzle disappears in a Fama-French three-factor framework. IPOs do not underperform in the aftermarket on a risk-adjusted basis and do not underperform a matched sample of non-issuers. IPO underperformance is concentrated in the 1980’s and early 1990’s, and IPO’s either perform the same as the market, or outperform on a risk-adjusted basis, during 1998-2005. We find that outperformance in the later period is driven by large firms. Factors for momentum, investment, liquidity, and skewness help to explain aftermarket returns, although size and book-to-market tend to proxy for skewness. IPO investors receive smaller expected returns due to negative momentum and investment exposure and in exchange for higher liquidity.
Melding breast and prostate cancers alter egos.

“…his armour being furbished, his morion turned into a helmet, his hack christened, and he himself confirmed, he came to the conclusion that nothing more was needed now but to look for a lady to be...
Some extermal properties of section spaces of banach bundles and their duals, II

Abstract unavailable at this time... Mathematics Subject Classification (1991): 46B20, 46E40, 46H25. Key words: Banach bundle; section space; weak-* points of continuity Quaestiones Mathematicae 26(2003), 57-65
Monolithic integrated ring resonator Raman silicon laser and amplifier

We present a chip-scale ring resonator Raman silicon laser and amplifier based on a silicon-on-insulator rib waveguide with an integrated p-i-n diode structure. The laser cavity consists of a race-track shaped ring resonator connected to a straight bus waveguide via a directional coupler which couples both pump and signal laser light into and out of the cavity. The optical propagation loss of the ring resonator is reduced to <0.3 dB/cm on average and the effective free carrier lifetime in the waveguide can be shortened to <1 ns under reverse biasing, which efficiently reduces the nonlinear loss due to two-photon absorption induced free carrier absorption. We achieve continuous-wave, single-mode lasing with threshold of 23%. Based on the same ring resonator architecture, we build a compact, chip-scale Raman amplifier that takes advantage of the cavity enhancement effect to lower the pump power and reduce the device size. We achieve over 3 dB amplification with 3 times less pump power in a 3 cm ring resonator compared to a straight waveguide of the same length. Our experimental results agree with simulations. The ring resonator based laser and amplifier can be integrated on chip with other silicon photonics components to provide a monolithic integrated photonic device.
Analysis of weighted fan-out/fan-in volume holographic optical interconnections.

The feasibility of employing volume holographic techniques for the implementation of highly multiplexed weighted fan-out/fan-in interconnections is analyzed on the basis of interconnection fidelity, optical throughput, and complexity of recording schedule or implementation hardware. These feasibility criteria were quantitatively evaluated using the optical beam propagation method to numerically simulate the diffraction characteristics of volume holographic interconnections recorded in a linear holographic material. We find that conventional interconnection architectures (that are based on a single coherent optical source) exhibit a direct trade-off between interconnection fidelity and optical throughput on the one hand, and recording schedule or hardware complexity on the other. In order to circumvent this trade-off we describe and analyze in detail an incoherent/coherent double angularly multiplexed interconnection architecture that is based on the use of multiple-source array of individually coherent but mutually incoherent sources. This architecture either minimizes or avoids several key sources of cross talk, permits simultaneous recording of interconnection weights or weight updates, and provides enhanced fidelity, interchannel isolation, and throughput performance.
Rediscovering Process Values in Employee Grievance Procedures

This case study extends legalization research to the public administration field by exploring how the legal environment of complex public organizations transforms social processes for resolving employee disputes. Data analysis revealed that the legal environment constituted by the Commonwealth of Virginia Employee Grievance Program tends to result in the circumvention of immediate supervisors, thereby obviating their positional authority to resolve employee grievances in a nonadversarial way. Findings suggest that grievance procedures designed to mimic judicially legitimate process and procedure alter the way flexibility, trust, and shared meanings govern the essence of organizational relations and result in economic and systemic costs.
The ion-ion acoustic instability

This paper considers the linear theory of ion-acoustic-like instabilities in a homogeneous Vlasov plasma with two ion components, a less dense beam and a more dense core, with a relative drift velocity. Numerical solutions of the full electrostatic dispersion equation are presented, and the properties of the ion-ion acoustic instability are studied in detail. At relatively cold beam temperatures, the instability is fluid-like, but it becomes a beam resonant kinetic instability as the beam temperature becomes of the order of the core temperature; if the mode is unstable, its threshold lies well below the threshold of the electron-ion acoustic instability. An electron temperature anisotropy enhances the instability, and at sufficiently large beam-core relative drift speeds, electron magnetization can either detract from or enhance the instability.
Impact of time‐scale of the calibration objective function on the performance of watershed models

Many of the continuous watershed models perform all their computations on a daily time step, yet they are often calibrated at an annual or monthly time-scale that may not guarantee good simulation performance on a daily time step. The major objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the calibration time-scale on model predictive ability. This study considered the Soil and Water Assessment Tool for the analyses, and it has been calibrated at two time-scales, viz. monthly and daily for the War Eagle Creek watershed in the USA. The results demonstrate that the model's performance at the smaller time-scale (such as daily) cannot be ensured by calibrating them at a larger time-scale (such as monthly). It is observed that, even though the calibrated model possesses satisfactory ‘goodness of fit’ statistics, the simulation residuals failed to confirm the assumption of their homoscedasticity and independence. The results imply that evaluation of models should be conducted considering their behavior in various aspects of simulation, such as predictive uncertainty, hydrograph characteristics, ability to preserve statistical properties of the historic flow series, etc. The study enlightens the scope for improving/developing effective autocalibration procedures at the daily time step for watershed models. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New side-break outdoor disconnecting switch

BASICALLY, outdoor switches must operate successfully under all circuit and atmospheric conditions. A new side-break type of switch has been designed incorporating novel contact construction in order to be comparable with modern vertical break switches without flexible braids, assuring long trouble-free life, easy operation, and maintenance. Important design specifications are 1. Moving parts should be protected from the entrance of dirt or foreign matter. 2. Suitability for operation under ice conditions. 3. The switch should have silver contact surfaces and use pressures which serve to eliminate galling of the silver. 4. No flexible braids should be used in the switch. 5. The switch should conform with National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) test requirements.
Magnitude of Incentive Effects on Heart Rate

Previous demonstrations of monetary incentive effects on heart rate during a continuous motor task were extended by employing different magnitudes of incentive: 0¢ (feedback only), 2¢, and 5¢ per response. The influence of the total amount of monetary incentive for the experiment was examined by providing monetary incentives either for only 2 trials or for all 5 trials. This procedure also provided an evaluation of the effect on heart rate during the later trials of discontinuing the incentive after 2 trials. The results showed a clear and graded effect of the amount of incentive per response, but no significant effects were obtained for the total amount of incentive, in spite of providing subjects with clear feedback as to how much money they could expect. Discontinuing incentives produced a significant decrease in heart rate, compared to subjects who continued to receive incentives. No effect was found for the magnitude of incentive on the rate of responding on the motor task, rendering unlikely an explanation for the results in terms of cardiac-somatic coupling. Also, any possible contribution to the heart rate results from frustrative nonreward feedback was eliminated by avoiding any suggestion of failure feedback on the task. It was concluded that the effects are attributable to the incentive value of the monetary reward and that they are large enough to be of considerable interest.
Diatom-surface scattering in the impulsive collision limit

Abstract The scattering of a diatomic molecule from a solid surface is analyzed within an impulsive collision approximation. It is shown that for a particular simple molecule-surface potential function not only does such an assumption permit the separation of the rotationally inelastic contribution from the total scattered intensity, but also it allows one to estimate the importance of translation-rotation energy transfer on the basis of just a few parameters which appear in the chosen diatom-surface potential model. The implications and limitations of the use of such a model in the analysis of scattering data are discussed.
Lipoproteins of fetal and newborn calves and adult steer: a study of developmental changes.

Serum lipoproteins in fetal and newborn calves were characterized and compared with those of adult animals. Fetal calf serum contains only low density (LDL) and high density (HDL) lipoproteins; the LDL is the major lipoprotein class. Fetal LDL are ca. 26.0 nm diameter and are morphologically unusual in that particles form linear aggregates or “chains” in which LDL have flattened, parallel sides. These particles contain only apolipoprotein B and are high in polar lipids. Fetal HDL consist of 8.2-nm, round particles which contain large amounts of chlesteryl ester thus suggesting an active lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase system in the fetal state. The major protein in fetal HDL is apolipoprotein A−I (80%); however, another component with a molecular weight (MW) of ca. 9,000 is also present. Newborn calves show a 5-fold increase in HDL concentration. These particles are 9.0 nm spherical particles and they contain mainly apolipoprotein A−I although C-apolipoproteins are also present; the lipid and apolipoprotein composition of newborn HDL is similar to that of adults. Newborn calves possess very low density (VLDL) lipoproteins which have a mean diameter of 61 nm and are similar in size and composition to those of adult animals; their apolipoprotein composition is principally apolipoprotein B, although C-apolipoproteins and apolipoprotein A−I are also present. The LDL of neonatal and adult animals are similar in morphology, chemical composition and apolipoprotein content. In both instances, LDL are round particles ca. 19.0 nm diameter which contain less polar lipids than the fetal animal. Apolipoprotein B is the major protein in newborn LDL, but adult LDL additionally contains a protein of 27,000 MW which probably represents apolipoprotein A−I from overlapping α-migrating particles in this region. The altered morphology and composition of fetal LDL, together with the lack of VLDL, suggest that the LDL particles may be synthesized de novo.
Evidence of factorial variance of the Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test across schizophrenia and normative samples

The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) is a key measure of social cognition recommended by the MATRICS committee. While the psychometric properties of the MSCEIT appear strong, previous evidence suggested its factor structure may have shifted when applied to schizophrenia patients, posing important implications for cross-group comparisons. Using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis, we explicitly tested the factorial invariance of the MSCEIT across schizophrenia (n=64) and two normative samples (n=2099 and 451). Results indicated that the factor structure of the MSCEIT was significantly different between the schizophrenia and normative samples. Implications for future research are discussed.
‘What time is it, Denise?”: Asking known information questions in classroom discourse

(1979). ‘What time is it, Denise?”: Asking known information questions in classroom discourse. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 18, Communicating with Young Children, pp. 285-294.
Gas absorption with wetted-wick column

The newly designed wetted-wick column was constructed by using fiber glass and wire mesh and studied to investigate its feasibility as an alternative to the conventional packed tower in gas purification processes. Absorption of carbon dioxide in water for physical absorption and in aqueous mono-ethanolamine (MEA) solution for chemical absorption were employed for this investigation. A comparison with the packed tower, based on overall mass transfer coefficients (KOGa) and height of transfer units (HTUOG) at the same range of operating conditions, feed gas compositions, and gas retention time was made. High mass transfer coefficients (KOGa) and low heights of transfer unit (HTUOG) were obtained for the wetted-wick column. The high efficiency of mass transfer was caused by a number of factors: the separate passage of liquid and gas flow, an increased wetting surface, a longer period of residence time of the liquid and gas stream, and an increased interfacial area. The present study shows that the wetted-wick column is a highly recommendable device as an alternative to the packed tower in gas purification processes, either for physical gas absorption or for chemical gas absorption.
Epinephrine-stimulated glucose production is not diminished by starvation: evidence for an effect on gluconeogenesis.

We infused physiological doses of epinephrine (1.2 μg/m2min) into six healthy obese subjects in the postabsorptive state and after 3–4 days of starvation. During starvation, a reduction in hepatic glycogen stores was demonstrated by the absence of a rise in plasma glucose and glucose production (using [3-3H]glucose) in response to glucagon infusion. The increases in plasma epinephrine and glucose during the epinephrine infusion were comparable before and after starvation. Most importantly, the increase in endogenous glucose production produced by epinephrine was virtually unaffected, i.e. the initial rise in glucose production (59%% vs. 49%), the incremental area under the curve (2.6 vs. 3.1 g/m2), and the spike-decline pattern of the response were no different before and after starvation,respectively. Similarly, epinephrine-induced elevations in gluconeogenic precursors (lactate and alanine) were not altered by starvation. However, starvation accentuated the rise in FFA by 200%. We conclude that starvati...
Structural effects accompanying ligand change in crystalline lamprey hemoglobin.

Abstract Crystals of lamprey hemoglobin in several states of ligation were prepared by intracrystalline reactions. X-ray diffraction data corresponding to a projection of the crystal structure were measured from the different ligand states: deoxy, carbonmonoxy, acid met, alkaline met, azomet and cyanomethemoglobin. These data were used to quantify the structural similarities between these ligand complexes. Structures of the low-spin complexes are all very similar, but the high-spin structures, particularly deoxyhemoglobin, differ quite considerably from the low-spin forms. The structural differences between deoxy and low-spin states are much greater in lamprey hemoglobin than in other monomeric globin. By contrast, these results are in qualitative agreement with observations on mammalian hemoglobin. A concentration of electron density changes in the CD and FG regions of the projected difference maps between deoxy and carbonmonoxyhemoglobin lends support to the suggestion that lamprey hemoglobin dimers may be analogous to the α 1 β 2 dimers of mammalian hemoglobin.
Effect of the Molecular Weight Distribution of Glutenin Protein from an Extra-Strong Wheat Flour on Rheological and Breadmaking Properties Through Reconstitution Studies

ABSTRACT Ten glutenin fractions were separated by sequential extraction of wheat gluten protein with dilute hydrochloric acid from defatted glutenin-rich wheat gluten of the Canadian hard red spring wheat (HRSW) cultivar Glenlea. The molecular weight distribution (MWD) of 10 different soluble glutenin fractions was examined by multistacking SDS-PAGE under nonreduced conditions. Also, the subunit composition of the different glutenin fractions was determined by SDS-PAGE under reduced conditions. The MWD of the fractions (especially HMW glutenins) varied from fraction to fraction. From early to later fractions, the MWD shifted from low to high. The early extracted fractions contained more LMW glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) and less HMW glutenin subunits (HMW-GS). The later extracted fractions and the residue fraction contained much more HMW-GS (2*, 5, and 7 subunits) than the early extracted fractions. The trend in the amounts of 2*, 5, and 7 subunits in each fraction from low to high matched the extraction sol...
Three-color immunofluorescence analysis of mouse B-lymphocyte subpopulations

We have modified a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) to make three independent immunofluorescence measurements on each cell and used this system to study mouse B-lymphocyte subpopulations. An argon-ion laser (emitting at 488 nm) excites fluorescein- and phycoerythrin-labeled reagents, and a tunable dye laser charged with rhodamine 6G (emitting at 615 nm) excites an allophycocyanin-labeled reagent. We report simultaneous measurements of IgM, IgD, and the recently-defined mouse B lymphocyte antigens BLA-1 and BLA-2 on splenic lymphocytes of CBA/J mice and mice of the congenic strain CBA/N (which have an X-linked immunodeficiency [xid]). These data provide information on relationships among the B-cell populations in CBA/J "normal" mice and the defective CBA/N that could not be derived from one- or two-color immunofluorescent measurements. We believe this is the first use of allophycocyanin as an immunofluorescence label.
An Introduction to Digital Speech Processing

Since even before the time of Alexander Graham Bell's revolutionary invention, engineers and scientists have studied the phenomenon of speech communication with an eye on creating more efficient and effective systems of human-to-human and human-to-machine communication. Starting in the 1960s, digital signal processing (DSP), assumed a central role in speech studies, and today DSP is the key to realizing the fruits of the knowledge that has been gained through decades of research. Concomitant advances in integrated circuit technology and computer architecture have aligned to create a technological environment with virtually limitless opportunities for innovation in speech communication applications. In this text, we highlight the central role of DSP techniques in modern speech communication research and applications. We present a comprehensive overview of digital speech processing that ranges from the basic nature of the speech signal, through a variety of methods of representing speech in digital form, to applications in voice communication and automatic synthesis and recognition of speech. The breadth of this subject does not allow us to discuss any aspect of speech processing to great depth; hence our goal is to provide a useful introduction to the wide range of important concepts that comprise the field of digital speech processing. A more comprehensive treatment will appear in the forthcoming book, Theory and Application of Digital Speech Processing [101].
Capillary tension and imbibition sequester frack fluid in Marcellus gas shale

In a recent issue of PNAS, Warner et al. (1) interpreted local ground water chemistry in the Appalachian Basin as a signal for cross-formational pathways where natural migration of brine from the deep formations may be ongoing today. The implication of this paper is that the Marcellus is leaking now naturally, without any human assistance, and that if water-based fluid is injected into these cross-formational pathways, that leakage, which is already “contaminating” the aquifers with salt, could be made much worse.
Nuclear data sheets for A = 159

Abstract Nuclear data based upon reaction and radioactivity studies of mass 159 nuclei are presented. For A = 159 all nuclei with 63 ⩽Z⩽72 with the exception of Yb and Lu have been reported; but not much is known for Eu, Er, Tm, and Hf isobars other than their ground-state properties. The only stable nucleus with A = 159 is 159 Tb, and it has been studied in considerable detail both by nuclear reactions and radioactive decay of its neighboring isobars. Because of ambiguity in beta branching in 159 Eu decay and since the beta branch to 159 Tb g.s. in 159 Gd decay is known only approximately, the normalizations in these radioactive decays are rather uncertain. For brevity some of the older data have been omitted or referenced as other measurements. It has been attempted to include all available data prior to February 1, 1973.
Erratic monetary policy and price variability

Abstract This paper examines the effect of erratic monetary policy on individual behavior, as well as the aggregate economy. It is demonstrated that an increase in erratic monetary policy causes an increase in demand for inventories by individuals. This behavior by individuals in turn leads to a higher variability of the price level, as well as a higher price level in the steady state of the aggregate economy.
Capitalism, Laws of Motion and Social Relations of Production

AbstractTheory as History brings together twelve essays by Jarius Banaji addressing the nature of modes of production, the forms of historical capitalism and the varieties of pre-capitalist modes of production. Problematic formulations concerning the relationship of social-property relations and the laws of motion of different modes of production and his notion of merchant and slave-holding capitalism undermines Banaji’s project of constructing a non-unilinear, non-Eurocentric Marxism.
Palatability of beef from bulls administered exogenous hormones.

One-hundred and forty four weanling bulls of Angus (A, n = 48), Simmental x Hereford (SH, n = 48) and Simmental (S, n = 48) breeding were either castrated, left intact, left intact and implanted with Ralgro or left intact and implanted with Synovex S. Cattle were slaughtered after either 190, 246 or 315 days of high-energy feeding, and the right side of each carcass was electrically stimulated. Sensory analysis was conducted on longissimus dorsi steaks after 5 days aging and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS) was measured after 5, 10 and 15 days aging. Steers had lower (P < 0·05) WBS and more desirable sensory panel scores for juiciness, ease of fragmentation, amount of connective tissue and overall tenderness than all intact treatments. The implanting of weanling bulls with synthetic steroid hormone compounds did not make a practical improvement in beef tenderness.
Autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance properties of malignant and benign breast tissues

Background Fluorescence spectroscopy is an evolving technology that can rapidly differentiate between benign and malignant tissues. These differences are thought to be due to endogenous fluorophores, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, flavin adenine dinucleotide, and tryptophan, and absorbers such as β-carotene and hemoglobin. We hypothesized that a statistically significant difference would be demonstrated between benign and malignant breast tissues on the basis of their unique fluorescence and reflectance properties.
How Instructor Immediacy Behaviors Affect Student Satisfaction and Learning in Web-based Courses

In this study I investigated whether instructor classroom behaviors, called "imme diacy behaviors," are significantly associated with student learning and satisfaction in Web-based MBA courses. Immediacy behaviors represent instructors' attempts to reduce the social distance between themselves and their students. While my study found that immediacy behaviors were positive predictors of student learning and course satisfaction, such other factors as student attitudes toward course soft ware, the length of a course, and prior student and instructor experience with Web-based courses were also significant predictors. These findings suggest that both structural characteristics of MBA programs and instructor behavior merit attention for Web-based courses to successfully deliver graduate management education.
Steroidal modulation of In Vitro gonadotropin secretion in prepubertal and adult male siberian hamsters

The effects of exogenous gonadal steroids, testosterone (T), and 17β-estradiol (E2) upon the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis were reported to be different between prepubertal and adult Siberian hamsters. Utilizing an in vitro static culture system, we investigated if age-related differences in steroid responsiveness occurs at the pituitary. Prepubertal (20 days old) or adult (140 days old) male Siberian hamsters were implanted with 1 mm silastic capsules containing undiluted T, E2 or cholesterol (Ch, control). After 15 days, pituitaries were removed, incubated in vitro, and subjected to the following treatments: two baseline measurements, one challenge with 10ng/ml of D-Lys6-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and three post-challenge washes. Fractions were collected every 30 minutes and measured for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). T and E2 reduced basal secretion of LH and FSH in juveniles but not adults. In juveniles, E2 increased GnRH-induced FSH and LH secretion, while T augmented GnRH-induced FSH secretion but attenuated GnRH-induced LH secretion. Steroid treatment had no effect on GnRH-stimulated LH or FSH release in adults. The only effect of steroid hormones upon adult pituitaries was the more rapid return of gonadotropin secretion to baseline levels following a GnRH challenge. These data suggest both basal and GnRH-induced gonadotropin secretion are more sensitive to steroid treatment in juvenile hamsters than adults. Further, differential steroidal regulation of FSH and LH at the level of the pituitary in juveniles might be a mechanism for the change in sensitivity to the negative effects of steroid hormones that occurs during the pubertal transition. J. Exp. Zool. 298A:53–59, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
HIGHER-ORDER FACTORS

The paper discusses the hierarchical conception of factorial structure developed by Burt and his research students, and examines the alternative approaches preferred by Thurstone and Cattell. It is argued that second-order factors cannot be distinguished from first-order factors by mathematical criteria. It follows that interpretational criteria are requisite and the method of transformation described by Schmid and Leiman is recommended.
A neural network approach for improved detector performance of spectral matched filters in hyperspectral imagery

The detection of sub-pixel materials in a hyperspectral scene is often accomplished using spectral matched filters or subspace projection. These methods rely on estimates of background second order statistics or subspaces in a scene that are usually based on either on global statistics of the entire scene or on adaptive local statistics. Global statistics have the disadvantage of including materials of interest in the background estimate and this implies the method assumes these materials occupy an insignificant portion of the scene. Adaptive methods that use a small number of samples surrounding the pixel of interest to estimate a background covariance eliminate much of this disadvantage, but this comes at the cost of significantly increasing computation time and potentially unstable estimates for some backgrounds. A number of spectral matched filter methods have been developed with increasing sophistication, but experience indicates that the method used to compute the background statistics may have a greater impact on overall detector performance. This research investigates the use of a neural network approach to estimate the background statistics needed for certain spectral matched filters requiring global statistics. The context of the effort is terrain, urban, and shallow-water mapping using hyperspectral imagery, where the materials of interest inherently occupy a significant portion of a scene or where certain background classes have problematic second-order statistics. Results of experiments within this context are shown.
Antinuclear and anticytoplasmic antibodies in lupus erythematosus

Abstract Lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease characterized by the development of autoantibodies directed against a variety of nucleoprotein antigens. Since the discovery of the LE cell phenomenon by Hargraves et al. 1 in 1948, investigators have been striving to understand the clinical significance of various autoantibodies and characterize their antigenic targets. In 1957, several groups 2–4 determined that the LE cell phenomenon was, in fact, due to the presence of antibodies in the blood of patients with SLE that were directed against nuclear antigens. Over the years it became clear that such antinuclear antibodies were, in fact, a heterogeneous group of antibodies that recognized a variety of antigens within the cell nucleus (see below). In 1967, Clark et al. 5 described an antibody in the serum of a patient with SLE that reacted with an antigen located in the cytoplasm of the cell. Since that time, other anticytoplasmic antibodies have since been described. 6 It is now clear that both antinuclear and anticytoplasmic antibodies define clinical subsets of LE patients with prognostic implications. Pathogenicity of several antigen-antibody systems has also been described, although the data are far from complete. Finally, autoantibodies from LE patients have been used recently to probe the molecular structure of various cellular antigens. 7
Detection of accelerated large water cluster ions and electrosprayed biomolecules with passivated solid state detectors

The passivated solid state detector with a 500 A boron doped window was observed to be sensitive to impacts of large (H2O)nH+ (100 < n < 1500) ions and multiply charged macro biomolecular ions accelerated in a 600 kV Cockcroft-Walton accelerator although the ions have isolated atomic ranges smaller than the thickness of the detector window. For biomolecular ions generated by an electrospray ion source the detector pulse height spectra showed clearly resolved peaks that are consistent with the existence of aggregate ions of composition Mz, 2M2z, …, 5M5z ions.
Reduction and Analysis Of Electrographic Imagery And Spectra

The photometric quality of film recorded imagery from electrographic detectors such as those proposed for use on the STARLAB and SPACE SCHMIDT telescopes and on the NRL-803 experiment 2 requires that special attention be given to the information-extraction (digitization) and data reduction and analysis techniques. These will be discussed in detail and illustrated by example. An initial attempt at ex post facto image motion compensation, which may be required for cases of inadequate pointing stabilization, and results of recent experiments in post-development autoradiographic enhancement of weakly exposed electrographic images will be described.