cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gluten content of medications

Purpose The establishment of a database for the identification of the presence of gluten in excipients of prescription medications is described. Summary While resources are available to ascertain the gluten content of a given medication, these resources are incomplete and often do not contain a source and date of contact. The drug information service (DIS) at Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital (RWJUH) determined that directly contacting the manufacturer of a product is the best method to determine the gluten content of medications. The DIS sought to establish a resource for use within the institution and create directions for obtaining this information from manufacturers to ensure uniformity of the data collected. To determine the gluten content of a medication, the DIS analyzed the manufacturer’s package insert to identify any statement indicating that the product contained gluten or inactive ingredients from known sources of gluten. If there was any question about the source of an inactive ingredient or if no information about gluten content appeared in the package insert, the manufacturer of the particular formulation of the queried medication was contacted to provide clarification. Manufacturers’ responses were collected, and medications were categorized as “gluten free,” “contains gluten,” or “possibly contains gluten.” To date, the DIS at RWJUH has received queries about 84 medications and has cataloged their gluten content. Conclusion The DIS at RWJUH developed a database that categorizes the gluten status of medications, allowing clinicians to easily identify drugs that are safe for patients with celiac disease.
Does the positive psychology movement have legs for children in schools

In a provocative article, Lazarus (2003) posed the question, ‘Does the positive psychology movement have legs?’ Based on a critique of psychology in general and positive psychology in particular, L...
Quantitative susceptibility test methods in major United States medical centers.

To assess the current trend toward performance of routine quantitative susceptibility test methods, we surveyed microbiology laboratories in 41 major U.S. medical centers. Agar dilution and microdilution tests were used primarily by those laboratories routinely performing numerous minimal inhibitory concentration tests and few or no minimal bactericidal concentration tests. Macrotube dilution tests were used by laboratories performing relatively few minimal inhibitory concentration tests, but routinely performing minimal bactericidal concentration tests. Major methodological variations were reported by the surveyed laboratories and including: (i) preparation and storage of antimicrobial solutions, (ii) standardization and concentration of the test inoculum, (iii) interpretation of minimal inhibitory concentration endpoints, and (iv) determination of the antibiotic concentration required to be bactericidal. The results of this survey indicate that significant variations in test methods exist, even though quantitative susceptibility tests are commonly used.
Physician Attitudes Toward Over the Counter Availability for Oral Contraceptives

To assess physician attitude towards making oral contraceptives available over the counter in the United States (US). We assessed physician attitudes towards a transition from prescription only to over-the-counter availability (rx-OTC) for oral contraceptive pills by disseminating an electronic survey directed primarily to residents training in Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGYN) and Family Practice in the US. An overwhelming majority of 638 respondents (71 %) were against an rx-OTC switch for combined oral contraceptives and among this subset of respondents the primary concern was safety (92.3 %). Overall, respondents were evenly divided on the issue of an rx-OTC switch for progestin-only-pills but of those who opposed, 73.2 % cited safety as their primary concern. For progestin-only-pills female respondents were more likely to support OTC availability. Most OBGYN and Family Practice residents opposed to OTC availability for oral contraceptives cite safety as their primary concern. Considering the abundant evidence as to the overall safety of oral contraceptives, especially progestin-only-pills, there appears to be a knowledge deficit among OBGYN and Family Practice residents regarding the safety of oral contraceptives.
Thermonastic leaf movements in Rhododendron during freeze–thaw events: Patterns, functional significances, and causes

Abstract Adaptations to freezing air temperature in temperate understory species of Rhododendron include physiological processes, anatomical changes, and thermonastic leaf movements. Leaves roll transversely and leaf-lamina angle decreases in relation to horizontal as temperatures decrease below a critical freezing temperature. Within the genus Rhododendron, tolerance of cold conditions is greater in species with thermonastic leaf movements than species without. The leaf movements protect critical physiological processes such as photosynthesis from damage due to the synergistic effects of cold temperatures, and high light common to winter conditions in temperate forests. In particular, the absence of these leaf movements increases photoinhibition, and species that lack these adaptations exhibit distinctly different physiological and anatomical mechanisms of photo-protection during cold conditions. The biomechanical or physiological causes for thermonastic leaf movements have been difficult to resolve because of the lack of distinctive anatomical and morphological features associated with these leaf movements. Nevertheless, it is firmly established that the lower the petiole turgor potential the lower the leaf-lamina angle in relation to horizontal. However, the cause of leaf rolling is unclear. In this study, experiments on sectioned leaves implicate both longitudinal and lateral thermonastic rolling forces, likely driven by water redistribution between apoplast and symplast, and regulated by aquaporins. This should result in abaxial–adaxial differential turgor pressures that vary markedly along the mediolateral direction. We postulate that the combined effect of the leaf morphology, anisotropy in rolling forces and the geometrical constraints due to the relatively stiff midrib causes leaf rolling, consistent with the mechanics of a thin plate with anisotropic spontaneous curvature. We expect a correlation between the rolling forces and veination microstructure that remains to be explored for a complete understanding of leaf adaptations to freezing in understory evergreen Rhododendron species, as well as more general thermonastic responses.
Antiviral Activity of Extracts from Marine Algae

Extracts of two species of marine algae, Constantinea simplex and Farlowia mollis, were tested for antiviral activity in tissue culture and in experimental infections of mice. Treatment of confluent mouse embryo fibroblast cell monolayers with either compound before viral inoculation was effective in inhibiting the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2, vaccinia virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus, but not encephalomyocarditis virus, Semliki Forest virus, or murine cytomegalovirus. Prophylactic administration of these extracts was effective in reducing final mortality or prolonging the mean day of death of animals inoculated by the intraperitoneal, intracerebral, or intranasal routes with herpes simplex virus type 2. When therapy was initiated after viral inoculation or at a site other than that of viral inoculation, no significant effect on mortality or on mean day of death was observed. Neither preparation was effective in mice inoculated intraperitoneally with encephalomyocarditis virus, Semliki Forest virus, or murine cytomegalovirus or in animals infected intravaginally with herpes simplex virus type 2. The prophylactic but not therapeutic antiviral activity of these preparations seriously limits their potential use in human herpes simplex virus infections.
NONTRANSITIVITY OF SPERM PRECEDENCE IN DROSOPHILA

Abstract Sperm competition is an important component of fitness in Drosophila, but we still do not have a clear understanding of the unit of selection that is relevant to sperm competition. Here we demonstrate that sperm competitive ability is not a property of the sperm haplotype, but rather of the diploid male's genotype. Then we test whether the relative sperm competitive ability of males can be ranked on a linear array or whether competitive ability instead depends on particular pairwise contests among males. Sperm precedence of six chromosome-extracted lines was tested against three different visible marker lines (cn bw, bwD, and Cy), and the rank order of the six lines differed markedly among the mutant lines. Population genetic theory has shown that departures from transitivity of sperm precedence may be important to the maintenance of polymorphism for genes that influence sperm competitive ability. The nontransitivity seen in sperm precedence should theoretically increase the opportunity for polym...
The Effect of Single and Combined Activating Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Genotypes on Cytomegalovirus Infection and Immunity after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Abstract It has been shown that activating killer Ig-like receptor (aKIR) genes are important for control of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). To date, using the broad classification of KIR haplotypes A and B, the precise role of individual KIR genes in the control of infection cannot be discerned. To address this, a consecutive case series of 211 non-T cell-depleted HCT patients all at risk for CMV were monitored biweekly for CMV DNA in plasma by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and at intervals for CMV-specific T cell immunity. Comparing patients with CMV reactivation (n = 152) to those with no reactivation (n = 59), the presence of specific aKIR haplotypes in the donor, but not in the recipient, were associated with protection from CMV reactivation and control of peak plasma CMV DNA (P
The Design/Modelling/Performance Trade-Offs in High-Speed Robot Manipulation

Earlier work demonstrated that robust robot controllers based on simplified models greatly reduced controller complexity and enhanced physical insight, yet outperformed standard schemes based on `complete' models at most practical levels of parametric uncertainty. In this paper, we detail some of the practical implications of robust robot controller design in terms of modelling/performance trade-offs. In particular we quantify parameter error sensitivity and the incremental effects of model simplification on controller performance. These issues are particularly critical in the case of direct-drive arms, which combine high-speed capabilities with full coupling and nonlinear effects.
Determinants of Hospital Choice of Rural Hospital Patients: The Impact of Networks, Service Scopes, and Market Competition

Among 10,384 rural Colorado female patients who received MDC 14 (obstetric services) from 2000 to 2003, 6,615 (63.7%) were admitted to their local rural hospitals; 1,654 (15.9%) were admitted to other rural hospitals; and 2,115 (20.4%) traveled to urban hospitals for inpatient services. This study is to examine how network participation, service scopes, and market competition influences rural women's choice of hospital for their obstetric care. A conditional logistic regression analysis was used. The network participation (p?<?0.01), the number of services offered (p?<?0.05), and the hospital market competition had a positive and significant relationship with patients' choice to receive obstetric care. That is, rural patients prefer to receive care from a hospital that participates in a network, that provides more number of services, and that has a greater market share (i.e., a lower level of market competition) in their locality. Rural hospitals could actively increase their competitiveness and market share by increasing the number of health care services provided and seeking to network with other hospitals.
Effects of Aircraft Overflights on GPS Measurements

: Observations at the Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) Ground Facility (LGF) revealed the presence of brief signal anomalies that lead to receiver errors. At some locations, these anomalies can occur several times during the day. Aircraft overflights of the LGF antennas were identified as one possible cause of the anomalies. A controlled experiment was designed to characterize the effects of aircraft overflights on the LGF GPS reception antennas. Ohio University's Douglas DC-3 research aircraft was flown at varying heights over the LGF antennas. At the LGF, a radio frequency (RF) data collection system was triggered to collect 10 s of data centered around anomalous tracking conditions as reported by the LGF GPS receivers. Block processing techniques were used to analyze the received signal at 1 ms intervals. The paper presents results for several overflights during which the LGF GPS receivers experienced loss of tracking. It is shown that aircraft overflights can cause measurement outages.
Hydrolysis of tetracalcium phosphate in the presence of a poly(alkenoic acid)

Ca4(PO4)2O (TetCP) reacts with an acidic polyelectrolyte in the absence of a solvent to form a composite composed of Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 (hydroxyapatite, or HAp) and the Ca salt of the polyelectrolyte. Mixtures of an acrylic copolymer and TetCP powders were hot-pressed, and the effects of temperature, pressure, and time on HAp formation were studied. Reaction starts when the copolymer is heated to above T g. Initial carboxyl site neutralization liberates water, continued TetCP hydrolysis, liberates Ca2+ ions, which react with the copolymer forming its Ca salt. When 90% conversion to HAp was achieved, the composite had an average tensile strength of 51 MPa, a Vickers hardness of 145 kg/mm2 and a T g ˜50 °C.
Active learning: Effects of core training design elements on self-regulatory processes, learning, and adaptability.

This article describes a comprehensive examination of the cognitive, motivational, and emotional processes underlying active learning approaches; their effects on learning and transfer; and the core training design elements (exploration, training frame, emotion control) and individual differences (cognitive ability, trait goal orientation, trait anxiety) that shape these processes. Participants (N 350) were trained to operate a complex, computer-based simulation. Exploratory learning and errorencouragement framing had a positive effect on adaptive transfer performance and interacted with cognitive ability and dispositional goal orientation to influence trainees’ metacognition and state goal orientation. Trainees who received the emotion-control strategy had lower levels of state anxiety. Implications for development of an integrated theory of active learning, learner-centered design, and research extensions are discussed.
Caffeine inhibits glucose transport by binding at the GLUT1 nucleotide-binding site.

Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is the primary glucose transport protein of the cardiovascular system and astroglia. A recent study proposes that caffeine uncompetitive inhibition of GLUT1 results fr...
Internal and external rotation of the shoulder: Effects of plane, end-range determination, and scapular motion

The purpose of this study was to determine whether plane, end-range determination, or scapular motion affects shoulder range-of-motion measurements. In 16 healthy subjects, instrumentation with a magnetic tracking device was used to measure shoulder internal and external range of motion. The arm was supported while it was rotated either actively or passively with a measured torque. There was a significant main effect of plane for internal rotation (P < .001) but not for external rotation (P = .584). Passive humerothoracic motion was significantly greater than active humerothoracic motion for internal rotation (P < .006) and external rotation (P < .01). Active and passive humerothoracic motion was significantly greater than active and passive glenohumeral motion in 6 of the 7 active conditions and all 7 passive conditions (P < .002). Our results suggest that significant amounts of scapulothoracic motion may impact measurements of isolated glenohumeral joint motion.
A new pseudocylindrical equal-area projection for adaptive composite map projections

The recently introduced adaptive composite map projection technique changes the projection to the geographic area shown on a map. It is meant as a replacement for the commonly used web Mercator projection, which grossly distorts areas when representing the entire world. The original equal-area version of the adaptive composite map projection technique uses the Lambert azimuthal projection for regional maps and three alternative projections for world maps. Adaptive composite map projections can include a variety of other equal-area projections when the transformation between the Lambert azimuthal and the world projections uses Wagner’s method. To select the most suitable pseudocylindrical projection, the distortion characteristics of a pseudocylindrical projection family are analyzed, and a user study among experts in the area of map projections is carried out. Based on the results of the distortion analysis and the user study, a new pseudocylindrical projection is recommended for extending adaptive compos...
The Impact of Race on Housing Markets: A Critical Review

The literature on race and property values is reviewed with special attention to problems of conceptualization, measurement, and analysis. Strategies in gathering and validating selling price data are reviewed, as are strategies in standardizing prices for “real value” in order to provide a benchmark against which to assess price changes. Other major issues raised are strategies for the statistical control of the influences of other housing market forces and the conceptualization of the processes involved in creating putative effects of neighborhood racial integration on housing prices. Some suggestions for future sociological research on neighborhood residential change are made.
Increased anionic peptide distribution and intensity during progression and resolution of bacterial pneumonia.

Anionic peptides (APs) are small anionic antimicrobial peptides composed of 7 aspartic acid residues and are produced in the lungs of humans, sheep, and cattle. Although expression by epithelial cells of some antimicrobial peptides (e.g., beta-defensins) of humans and ruminants is increased in response to acute infection, AP expression is not increased during acute infection, which suggests that the expression of the latter peptide is constitutive. In this study, the degree of AP expression during the progression (acute, subacute, and chronic) of bronchopneumonia was determined. Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica, a known inducer of bovinebeta-defensins, was inoculated intrabronchially with a fiber-optic bronchoscope in nine 3-month-old sheep, and tissues were collected at 1, 15, and 45 days postinoculation (p.i.); nine control animals received pyrogen-free saline by the same procedure and were killed at the same time points. In the acute group (1 day p.i.), the lungs had lesions typical of bronchopneumonia and the distribution and intensity of AP immunoreactivity (AP-IR) were similar to those of previous studies (minimal intensity and distribution of AP-IR in bronchiolar epithelial cells). In the subacute group (15 days p.i.), there was prominent hyperplasia of bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells, and the chronic group (45 days p.i.) had yet more pronounced hyperplasia. In the subacute and chronic groups, the intensity and distribution of AP-IR in the cytoplasm of hyperplastic bronchiolar and type II alveolar cells were significantly increased compared to those of saline-inoculated and contralateral (noninoculated) lung lobes. Although AP expression appears constitutive, the constitutive production of AP is higher in hyperplastic, less differentiated cells than in fully differentiated, mature cells of the respiratory airways. The increased intensity and distribution of AP-IR in immature (hyperplastic) epithelial cells may be a mechanism by which production of a noninducible antimicrobial is increased temporarily during lesion progression and repair. This increased production of AP by hyperplastic cells may protect the lung against further infection until new, fully differentiated epithelial cells are capable of expressing their own inducible array of antimicrobial peptides.
A comparison between a neural network model for the formation of brain maps and experimental data

Recently, high resolution images of the simultaneous representation of orientation preference, orientation selectivity and ocular dominance have been obtained for large areas in monkey striate cortex by optical imaging [1-3]. These data allow for the first time a "local" as well as "global" description of the spatial patterns and provide strong evidence for correlations between orientation selectivity and ocular dominance. A quantitative analysis reveals that these correlations arise when a five-dimensional feature space (two dimensions for retinotopic space, one each for orientation preference, orientation specificity, and ocular dominance) is mapped into the two available dimensions of cortex while locally preserving topology. These results provide strong evidence for the concept of topology preserving maps which have been suggested as a basic design principle of striate cortex [4-7].
Conceptual Closure in Anselm's Proof

Gyula Klima maintains that Anselm's ontological argument is best understood in terms of a theory of reference that was made fully explicit only by later medievals. I accept the interpretative claim but offer here two objections to the argument so interpreted. The first points up a certain ambiguity in Klima's formulation of the argument, the correction of which requires a substantive revision of the argument's conclusion. The second exploits the notion of semantic closure introduced by Tarski. Klima offers the atheist an ‘out’ by drawing a distinction between constitutive and parasitic reference. I argue that using Klima's preferred description (‘the thought object than which no thought object can be thought to be greater’) to refer constitutively to God results in conceptual closure, a condition analogous to semantic closure that renders the instant conceptual scheme inconsistent and subject to paradox. Although the proof ultimately fails, Klima's development of the notions of constitutive and parasitic ...
Optical Modulation Spectra of Selenium and Their Dependence on the Uniaxial Stress

Wavelength- and stress-modulated reflectance and transmission spectra of selenium are measured at 77 °K in the photon energy range from 1.7 to 3.7 eV. New structure is discovered, e.g. a peak at 2.0 eV in the wavelength-modulated reflectance spectrum with light polarized parallel to the [0001] direction. Unusually large linear stress coefficients of the peaks are found. The stress coefficient of the sharp exciton peak at 1.97 eV in the wavelength-modulated reflectance spectrum with light polarized perpendicular to [0001] is +(2.5 ± 0.4) × 10−11 eV cm2 dyn−1 for the uniaxial compression along the [0001] direction, and −(6.7 ± 0.5) × 10−11 eV cm2 dyn−1 for the compression along [1000]. Es werden wellenlangen- und spannungsmodulierte Reflexions- und Transmissionsspektren von Selen bei 77 °K im Photonenenergie-Bereich von 1,7 bis 3,7 eV gemessen. Eine neue Struktur, z. B. ein Maximum bei 2,0 eV, wurde im wellenlangenmodulierten Reflexionsspektrum fur Polarisation des Lichtes parallel zur [0001]-Richtung beobachtet. Ein ungewohnlich groser linearer Spannungskoeffizient des Maximums wurde gefunden. Der Spannungskoeffizient des steilen Exzitonmaximums bei 1,97 eV im wellenlangenmodulierten Reflexionsspektrum fur Polarisation des Lichtes senkrecht zur [0001]-Richtung betragt +(2,5 ± 0,4) × 10−11 eV cm2 dyn−1 fur einachsige Kompression langs der [0001]-Richtung und −(6,7 ± 0,5) × 10−11 eV cm2 dyn−1 fur Kompression in Richtung [1000].
Dissipative Particle Dynamics interaction parameters from ab initio calculations

Abstract Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) is a commonly employed coarse-grained method to model complex systems. Presented here is a pragmatic approach to connect atomic-scale information to the meso-scale interactions defined between the DPD particles or beads. Specifically, electronic structure calculations were utilized for the calculation of the DPD pair-wise interaction parameters. An implicit treatment of the electrostatic interactions for charged beads is introduced. The method is successfully applied to derive the parameters for a hydrated perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer with absorbed vanadium cations.
Ovarian Function During Pregnancy in Young and Aged Rabbits: Temporal Relationship Between Fetal Death and Corpus Luteum Regression

Corpus luteum (CL) progesterone concentration and total progestins in the peripheral plasma were measured at various stages of pregnancy in 18 young rabbits 35 weeks old and 26 aged rabbits 250 weeks old. Fertilization rate, average number of CL, and viable fetuses in the young does were 83, 7.7, and 5.8%, respectively. Corresponding values in the aged does were 81, 6.2, and 1.1%. There were no differences between young and aged does in any of the parameters of ovarian function measured until after Day 12 of pregnancy. This was true even though five of nine aged animals did not have viable fetuses at this time. Significant differences were detected in aged animals without viable fetuses only at Day 24. At this time average CL weight (6.3 mg) total luteal tissue (30.9 mg), and total CL progesterone content (0.49 , g) in aged animals without viable fetuses were significantly (P < 0.05) less than corresponding values in aged animals with viable fetuses (15.1 mg, 110.6 mg, 2.55 g) and in young animals all with viable fetuses (16.5 mg, 120.7 mg, 2.83 pg). These latter two groups did not differ. Peripheral plasma progestins on Day 24 of planned pregnancy in aged animals without viable fetuses (3.2 ng/ml) were also significantly (P < 0.05) less than in aged animals with viable fetuses (16.8 ng/ml) and in young animals (11.4 ng/ml). Again, these latter two groups did not differ. It is concluded that the decrease in fecundity in aged animals is not caused by a lack of progestin secretion, but rather the absence of viable fetuses may cause luteal regression. Thus, reproductive failure in aged does appears to be directly associated with uterine dysfunction.
Hydroxyapatite Coatings of Varying Crystallinity

Questions remain as to the integrity of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on orthopaedic implants and the possibility of failure at the coating/implant interface lin vivo. Previous investigations of resorbable HA coated implants showed bone bonding strengths equal to non-resorbable HA coated surfaces in interference fit surgical model. If the concept of a resorbing coating will alleviate concerns of interface failure, further investigation as to the mode of coating resorption and the cellular events at the interface are required. The effect of coating these implants with Matrigel, as a means to enhance bone cell attachment and growth was studied. Fibroblast cell behavior on resorbable, non-resorbable HA coated and uncoated rough titanium implants were studied at 4 and 24 hours for attachment and spreading. Postnatal rat calvarial cell attachment, growth and morphology studies were also performed on these three implants and on tissue culture plates with and without Matrigel at 2, 7, and 10 days. Resorbable HA coatings showed greater surface activity and cell spreading, but not greater cell attachment at 4 and 24 hours. Greater alkaline phosphatase production per cell was seen on Matrigel coated tissue culture plates than uncoated wells. Cytoplasmic processes similar to osteocytic canalicular networks were seen. Matrigel coating on the three types of implants showed slightly greater alkaline phosphatase production of cells than without Matrigel coating.
Caring for Our Parents: Inspiring Stories of Families Seeking New Solutions to American's Most Urgent Health Care Crisis by Howard Gleckman: (2009). New York: St. Martin's Press, 303 pages, $24.99, ISBN: 978-0-312-38099-1

What will you do if one or both of your parents develops dementia or some other illness that requires long-term care? How will you take care of yourself if you develop a debilitating disease? Will ...
Analysis of Gate-waiting Delays at Major US Airports

Airport gates are one of the congestion points of the air transportation system. When an arriving ∞ight lands on a runway, it is possible that it cannot pull into its gate. We deflne this phenomenon as gate-waiting delay. This paper analyzes the degree to which gate waiting is a problem and the functional causes of gate waiting. Analysis of ∞ight performance data for the OEP 35 airports a for the summer of 2007 identifled that: (i) Signiflcant gate-waiting delays, in which more than 30% of arriving aircraft are delayed, occurred at 10 of the OEP 35 airports, (ii) major gate-waiting delays are rare events (e.g., once a month at ATL), (iii) Gate-waiting delays are usually difierent among major carriers due to difierent scheduling strategies. For example, Delta schedules more aggressively on their gate capacity (overscheduling) than JetBlue at JFK. (iv) Functional origins of gate-waiting delay included compressed arrivals, extended gate occupancy times, reduced number of gates, and in∞exible queueing disciplines (across carriers and within one carrier). Many of these origins are related to schedule disruptions which are the main common factor identifled in the worst days. The methodology for analysis, the results, and the implications of these results are discussed.
Analysis of Occupant Thermal Comfort Questions Arising from Designing Buildings to Satisfy the City of Seattle Energy Code

How the building envelope may affect occupant thermal comfort has been investigated. Alternative envelopes for a high-rise office building, which were chosen to comply with the City of Seattle Energy Conservation Code, were employed. The thermal comfortability of the resulting office settings was studied using the simulation program OFFICE which employs the Fanger Comfort Equation.
A Fuzzy Method for Multiobjeetive Stochastic Linear Progranmings

This paper has investigated the multiobjective stochastic linear programining problems where the resource values, i.e., (?) only are random variables, established the equivalent deterministic models of the multiobjective programinings and proponed an ettective fuzzy method.Effeetiveness of the method and model is illnstrated with the help of a nmuerical exmple.
Analysis on Comparative Advantages of Chinese Tea in Japan Market

This paper adopts the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index(RCA)to calculate the comparative advantages of Chinese tea in the Japan market,and analyzes the reason of comparative advantage changes.Some countermeasures are presented to improve the export of Chinese tea to Japan.
The Relational Foundation of Emergent Human Rights: From Thomas Hobbes to the Human Right to Water

Since Kant the foundation of human rights has been grounded on certain features of individuals that are construed as conferring human dignity, the protection of which is the main justification for and purpose of human rights. Most often those features are subsumed under the general heading of rationality, and, according to Kant, the possession of which renders humans uniquely capable of moral autonomy and therefore worthy of dignity. In this essay I will argue that a second, competing foundation for rights is also anticipated within Liberalism by Thomas Hobbes and elaborated upon by several twentieth-century schools of political thought, including feminism, post-modernism, and liberal communitarianism. These three appear to be rather strange bedfellows (not to mention as Hobbesian inheritors), but what they share provides a different basis for human rights. It is a foundation laid in two different features of human experience: the capacity of human beings to enter relationships with others; and second, the existential condition of vulnerability that results from this capacity. Though not unrelated to the capacity to reason, the ability to have relationships that cause vulnerability, in response to which persons need and therefore deserve rights, opens the door both to new and new types of human rights. It is my argument in what follows that if the capacity for relationships that delivers rights uniquely to human beings is a dynamic feature of human personality and itself capable of evolution and growth, it is logical to assume that the kinds of relationships for which humans are capable can also grow. Thus, as human relationships evolve, both in terms of interactions with each other and with, for instance, their environment, it is entirely possible that new rights will emerge, for instance environmental human rights, and that some rights might even be the property of whole groups rather than only of individuals.
Effects of Implementation of Lung Cancer Screening at One Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Background Lung cancer screening recommendations have been developed, but none are focused on veterans. We report the results of the lung cancer screening program at our Veterans Affairs medical center and compare them with historic results. Methods All veterans between 55 and 74 years who were current smokers or quit within the past 15 years and had at least a 30-pack-year smoking history were invited to receive an annual low-dose chest CT scan beginning in December 2013. Demographics, CT scan results, and pathologic data of screened patients were recorded retrospectively. Overall results during the screening period were compared with results in veterans who received diagnoses from January 2011 to December 2013 (prescreening period). Results From December 2013 through December 2014 (screening period), 1,832 patients obtained a screening CT scan. Their mean age was 65 years. A lung nodule was present in 439 of 1,832 patients (24%). Lung cancer was diagnosed in 55 of 1,832 screened patients (3.0%). During the prescreening period, 37% of every lung cancer detected at our center (30 of 82) was stage I or stage II. After implementation of the screening program that percentage rose to 60% (52 of 87; P P Conclusions Implementation of lung cancer screening in the veteran population leads to detection of an increased number and proportion of early-stage lung cancers. Lung cancer screening in veterans may also increase the rate of lung cancer diagnoses in the immediate postimplementation period.
Response to Protocol Review Scenario: Postapproval monitoring could have identified problems earlier

Response to Protocol Review Scenario: Postapproval monitoring could have identified problems earlier
A 16nm dual-port SRAM with partial suppressed word-line, dummy read recovery and negative bit-line circuitries for low V MIN applications

A total solution for 8T dual-port (DP) SRAM to improve its operating voltage range (V MIN /V MAX ) is proposed. Partial suppressed word-line (PSWL) technique improves the static noise margin (SNM) when both ports (A, B ports) access at the same time. Dummy read recovery (DRR) and negative bit-line (NBL) techniques are introduced to eliminate the dummy read induced write recovery failure and write contention failure, respectively. The silicon results show that the VDD operation window can be improved from 220mV to 570mV in 16nm FinFET technology.
Monitoring Orbital Precession of EO-1 Hyperion With Three Atmospheric Correction Models in the Libya-4 PICS

Spaceborne spectrometers require spectral–temporal stability characterization to aid in validation of derived data products. Earth Observation 1 (EO-1) began orbital precession in 2011 after exhausting onboard fuel resources. In the Libya-4 pseudoinvariant calibration site (PICS), this resulted in a progressive shift from a mean local equatorial crossing time of ~10:00 A.M. in 2011 to ~8:30 A.M. in late 2015. Here, we studied precession impacts to Hyperion surface reflectance products using three atmospheric correction approaches from 2004 to 2015. Combined difference estimates of surface reflectance were $R^{2})$ in VNIR from 0.25 to 0.94 and in SWIR from 0.12 to 0.88 ( $p ). The uncertainties in all the models increased with a terrain slope up to 15° and selecting dune flats could reduce errors. We conclude that these data remain a valuable resource over this period for sensor intercalibration despite orbital decay.
Racism and Shalom

This chapter will discuss how institutional racism impacts student achievement and the psychological well-being of marginalized populations of students, particularly African American boys. The personal beliefs and stereotypical views of teachers can also impact the success or failure of their Black male students. Christians who are called to teach should recognize the pain of those who are disenfranchised and allow the Spirit to work through them as they create educational environments which welcome all students and demonstrate the spirit of Shalom.
Bucking the Trend: Why do IPOs Choose Controversial Governance Structures and Why Do Investors Let Them

While the percentage of S&P1500 firms with classified boards has decreased from nearly 60% to less than 40% since 1990, trends among IPO firms have gone strongly in the opposite direction. The percent of firms going public with a classified board has increased from 40% in 1990 to nearly 80% today. Results provide strong support for differences in the value of classified boards across firms contributing toward these trends, with market forces pushing each group in the value-increasing direction. We find little evidence that the increased tendency of IPO firms to adopt classified boards is driven by agency issues. Rather, results suggest that classified boards potentially protect newly public firms from the influence of shareholders that may not appreciate the unique aspects of these firms and may push for change that is not in the firm’s best interests.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Density Functional Theory (DFT) Calculations and Molecular Orbital Calculations of Three New Derivatives of 1-(phenylsulfonyl)indole

Three new derivatives of 1-(phenylsulfonyl)indole : 3-nitro-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-indol-2-amine (I): C14H11N3O4S; N-(tert-butyl)-3-nitro-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-indol-2-amine (II): C18H19N3O4S and tert-butyl 4-(phenylsulfonyl)-(1; Pelkey, Gribble, Tetrahedron Lett 38:5603–5606, 1997; 3)triazolo[4,5-b]indole-1(4H)-carboxylate (III): C19H18N4O4S, have been synthesized and their structures determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. (I), C14H11N3O4S, is triclinic with space group P-1 and cell constants:a = 7.7394(8) A, b = 12.5826(11) A, c = 14.7280(13) A, α = 77.259(8)°, β = 75.885(8)°, γ = 79.342(8)°, V = 1343.6(2) A3, Z = 4. (II), C18H19N3O4S, is monoclinic with space group P21/c and cell constants:a = 16.0499(5) A, b = 12.0196(4) A, c = 9.7866(4) A, β = 104.879(4)°, V = 1824.67(12) A3, Z = 4. (III), C19H18N4O4S, is triclinic with space group P-1 and cell constants: a = 9.0391(8) A, b = 10.3429(12) A, c = 10.8145(11) A, α = 75.870(9)°, β = 71.489(9)°, γ = 88.111(8)°, V = 928.64(17) A3, Z = 2. All three compounds have the same indole nitrogen phenylsulfonyl substituent. In the crystals, the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the pyrrolyl groups of the indole ring and phenylsulfonyl groups are 86.0(8)o (IA) or 83.5(4)o (IB), and 85.0(6)o (III), forming an L-shaped molecule, while in (II) it is 52.9(5)o, forming a V-shaped molecule due in part to the puckering of the pyrrolyl ring from the nonplanar indole group. Additionally, the DFT frontier molecular orbitals of each compound are displayed and correlation between the calculated molecular orbital energies (eV) for the surfaces of the frontier molecular orbitals to the electronic excitation transitions from the absorption spectra of each compound have been proposed. Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Density Functional Theory (DFT) Calculations and Molecular Orbital Calculations of three new derivatives of 1-(phenylsulfonyl)indole: 3-nitro-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-indol-2-amine (I): C14H11N¬3O4S; N-(tert-butyl)-3-nitro-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-indol-2-amine (II): C18H19N3O4S and tert-butyl 4-(phenylsulfonyl)-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-b]indole-1(4H)-carboxylate (III): C19H18N4O4S.
Synthesis of SAPO-56 with controlled crystal size

Herein, we present the hydrothermal synthesis of SAPO-56 crystals with relatively controlled crystal/particle size. The effects of water content, aluminum source, gel composition, stirring, crystallization temperature and time, as well as the incorporation of crystal growth inhibitors during synthesis were systematically investigated. The synthesized SAPO-56 crystals displayed BET surface areas as high as ∼630 m2 g−1 with relative narrow size distribution in the ∼5–60 μm range. Nitrogen BET surface areas in the 451 to 631 m2 g−1 range were observed. Decreasing the crystallization temperature from 220 to 210 °C helped to decrease the average SAPO-56 crystal size. Diluted gel compositions promoted the formation of smaller crystals. Crystal growth inhibitors were found to be helpful in reducing crystal size and narrow the size distribution. Specifically, ∼5 μm SAPO-56 crystals displaying narrow size distribution were synthesized employing aluminum-tri-sec-butoxide as Al source, high water content, and high stirring rates.
Bridging a Fault Line: On Underdetermination and the Ampliative Adequacy of Competing Theories

This paper pursues Ernan McMullin’s claim that talk of theory virtues exposes a fault-line in philosophy of science separating “very different visions” of scientific theorizing. It argues that connections between theory virtues and virtue epistemology are substantive rather than ornamental, since both address underdetermination problems in science, helping us to understand the objectivity of theory choice and more specifically what I term the ampliative adequacy of scientific theories. The paper argues therefore that virtue epistemologies can make substantial contributions to the epistemology and methodology of the sciences, helping to bridge the gulf between realists and anti-realists, and to re-enforce moderation over claims about the implications of underdetermination problems for scientific inquiry. It finally makes and develops the suggestion that virtue epistemologies, at least of the kind developed here, offer support for the positions that philosophers of science know as meta-scientific pluralism, and normative naturalism.
Four Crises of American Democracy: Representation, Mastery, Discipline, Anticipation

In Four Crises, Alasdair Roberts seems to tap into a particular restlessness that many sense in present-day America, asking fundamental questions that bear particular relevance to our current state...
Optical determination of crystal phase in semiconductor nanocrystals.

Optical, electronic and structural properties of nanocrystals fundamentally derive from crystal phase. This is especially important for polymorphic II–VI, III–V and I-III-VI2 semiconductor materials such as cadmium selenide, which exist as two stable phases, cubic and hexagonal, each with distinct properties. However, standard crystallographic characterization through diffraction yields ambiguous phase signatures when nanocrystals are small or polytypic. Moreover, diffraction methods are low-throughput, incompatible with solution samples and require large sample quantities. Here we report the identification of unambiguous optical signatures of cubic and hexagonal phases in II–VI nanocrystals using absorption spectroscopy and first-principles electronic-structure theory. High-energy spectral features allow rapid identification of phase, even in small nanocrystals (∼2 nm), and may help predict polytypic nanocrystals from differential phase contributions. These theoretical and experimental insights provide simple and accurate optical crystallographic analysis for liquid-dispersed nanomaterials, to improve the precision of nanocrystal engineering and improve our understanding of nanocrystal reactions. Identifying crystallographic phases in solution is not possible with standard diffraction methods. Here, Limet al. demonstrate the in situidentification of cubic and hexagonal phases of cadmium selenide nanocrystals using optical methods based on first-principles electronic theory.
Acute Stroke Emergency Management

Acute ischemic stroke management has changed greatly over the last few decades. Advancements in Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Digital Subtraction Angiography have carved a pathway in the diagnosis of stroke, which led to the acceleration of therapy. In the 1990s, therapeutic options for acute ischemic stroke were revolutionized with the administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. In 2015, a series of endovascular trials further transformed the therapy for stroke patients. The following case report and chapter focuses on the diagnosis and management of acute ischemic stroke.
Illuminating the Divine: The Magic Lantern and Religious Pedagogy in the USA, ca. 1870–1920

AbstractOne of the most ubiquitous forms of religious education in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was the magic lantern presentation. These shows were used by diverse religious communities throughout the USA and Europe, and on countless missionary campaigns around the world. Scholars have, by-and-large, mobilized the magic lantern and particularly its production of reality effects within the context of the visual culture of spectacle and the advent of cinema. This article argues that the religious magic lantern presentation forces a reconsideration of the medium’s place within modern visual culture and religious experience. Presentation strategies, including directly addressing the audience, participatory mechanisms, and manipulation of the presentation format and narrative, stimulated active contemplation and evangelizing zeal, and contributed to the magic lantern’s position as the pedagogical tool par excellence for modern religious communities well into the twentieth century.
Error Detection and Reporting in the Intensive Care Unit: Progress, Barriers, and Future Direction

In this article, we aim to assess the current progress the healthcare system has made creating a robust model of error detection and event reporting. In addition, we analyze the impediments to quality improvement on a unit-specific basis such as the impact of reporting on ICU workflow. There are major barriers to a fully realized inclusive, multimodal error detection system, which has led to uncertainty in the true rate of adverse events and near misses. Patient safety is the responsibility of every healthcare provider. Healthcare providers must work together to implement a resilient system capable of identifying, collecting, and responding to the preventable harm that frequently occurs in the context of patient care. There has been appreciable progress made thus far, with initiatives such as the Global Trigger Tool, TeamSTEPPS, and CUSP, but more work needs to be done if we are to achieve the desired goal of zero preventable patient harm.
MicroRNAs in Exosomes in Cancer

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that epigenetically regulate gene expression by modulating stability and/or expression of target mRNAs. miRNAs are found in cells, freely in circulation, and also ensconced in exosomes. Exosomes are small, membrane-bound extracellular vesicles that originate as intraluminal vesicles within multivesicular bodies/endosomes of the endocytic pathway. The endocytic pathway plays an important role in sorting and packaging the cargo of exosomes, which includes a variety of proteins, lipids, DNAs, and RNAs, including miRNAs. Deregulation of exosomal miRNAs have been implicated in many diseases, especially cancer. In cancer, exosomal miRNAs play important roles in regulating invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, cross talk with the immune system, metabolic changes, and chemosensitivity or chemoresistance. Exosomal miRNAs may also be promising biomarkers for the early detection of cancer and prediction of treatment response. In this chapter, we discuss the many ways exosomal miRNAs have an impact on cancer.