cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Membrane-coating lattice scaffolds in the nuclear pore and vesicle coats: commonalities, differences, challenges.

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) regulates all traffic between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. It is a large protein assembly composed of multiple copies of ~30 nucleoporins (nups). Structural studies of the NPC have been limited by its considerable size and complexity. Progress toward understanding the structure of this nanomachine has benefited from its modular nature, which allows for this 40-60 MDa assembly to be broken down into subcomplexes that can be studied individually. While recent work by both crystallographers and electron microscopists has greatly enhanced our model of the NPC, the resolution gap between crystal and EM structures remains too large to confidently place individual proteins within the context of the fully assembled NPC. In an effort to arrive at a veritable model of the NPC, we solved the structure of several scaffold nups and defined the ancestral coatomer element (ACE1) common to a set of nucleoporins and COPII vesicle coat proteins. Subsequently, we proposed a lattice-like ...
Innovative Processing Techniques for Intermetallic Matrix Composites

Although intermetallics based upon aluminum or silicon tend to have a very attractive combination of low density and excellent oxidation resistance, they suffer from lack of adequate creep strength and, in most cases, from inadequate ductility and toughness. It has been recognized for several years that an approach which could simultaneously solve both problems, without degrading other properties, is to utilize the intermetallics as matrices for composite materials. The consequence has been an explosion of interest in two-phase intermetallicbased alloys, as is manifested in the current symposium.
Catalytically Active Nickel–Nickel Bonds Using Redox-Active Ligands

Advances in catalytic methodology are limited by the available tools for systematically optimizing catalyst structure. For molecular transition-metal catalysts, this optimization process typically involves two principle parameters: the identity of the active metal center and the environment presented by supporting ligands. In this Account, we highlight our group’s efforts to exploit nuclearity as a parameter in catalyst design. We recently reported a binucleating naphthyridine–diimine (NDI) ligand that supports coordinatively unsaturated nickel–nickel bonds across a broad range of formal oxidation states. Taking advantage of ligand-centered redox activity, these dinickel complexes function as robust platforms for catalytic transformations, including hydrosilylation and alkyne cyclotrimerization reactions. Our results collectively demonstrate that nuclearity effects provide a complementary means of modulating the activity and selectivity of transition metal catalysts. 1 Introduction 2 Group 10 Metal–Metal Bonds in Catalysis 3 Dinuclear Nickel Complexes Supported by Redox-Active Ligands 4 Multielectron Redox Transformations at Metal–Metal Bonds 5 Dinuclear Silane Activation and Catalytic Hydrosilylations 6 Selective Alkyne Cyclotrimerization 7 Conclusions
A Model for Creeping Flow in Landslides

A viscoplastic model for velocity profiles found at depth in creeping planar landslides is developed and compared with velocity profiles found in landslides in the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, in Southern California, and in Wyoming. It is found in each case that the measured velocity profile is parabolic and reasonably well predicted by the viscoplastie model.
Growth of Icosahedral Boron-Rich Clusters at High Pressure

The stoichiometry of boron suboxide (B6O1-x) synthesized at high pressure lies closer to the nominal composition (x = 0) than materials obtained at atmospheric pressure. The crystallinity of materials obtained in the presence of molten B2O3 is also higher than for sintered powders. Further, for syntheses at 1700-1800 °C between 4 and approximately 5-6 GPa, the well-crystallized particles are dominated by large (up to ∼40 fum in diameter) icosahedral multiply-twinned particles. This unusual morphology is obtained by Mackay packing; i.e., by assembly of successive shells of icosahedral B12 units around a central icosahedral nucleus. The result is a multiply-twinned particle in which each of the 20 elements has the R3 m space group of the α-B structure.
Implementation of Traditional Hospital Based High Flow Nasal Cannula in the Transport Environment

Respiratory insufficiency is one of the most frequent indications for specialty pediatric transport. High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has been widely utilized in the hospital setting, however, HFNC devices modified for transport have not been able to …
Tidal triggering of earthquakes

Analysis of the tidal stress tensor at the time of moderate to large earthquakes strongly suggests that shallow (< 30 km) larger magnitude oblique-slip and dip-slip earthquakes are triggered by tidal stresses. No corresponding triggering effect is seen for shallow strike-slip earthquakes or for any type of intermediate or deep focus earthquakes which have been studied. Tidal triggering is also discussed from the viewpoint of the ‘dilatancy-diffusion’ model. Specifically, the model as usually stated, excludes the possibility of small earthquakes being tidally triggered.
Improvement of cognitive deficits and decreased cholinergic neuronal cell loss and apoptotic cell death following neurotrophin infusion after experimental traumatic brain injury

✓ This study explores the effects of infusion of nerve growth factor (NGF) on behavioral outcome and cell death in the septal region using the clinically relevant model of fluid-percussion brain injury in the rat. Animals were subjected to fluid-percussion brain injury and 24 hours later a miniosmotic pump was implanted to infuse NGF (12 animals) or vehicle (12 animals) directly into the region of maximum injury for 2 weeks. Four weeks postinjury the animals were tested for cognitive function using a Morris Water Maze paradigm. Neurological motor function was evaluated over a 4-week postinjury period. The rats receiving NGF infusions had significantly higher memory scores than vehicle-treated animals. Examination of the cholinergic neurons in the medial septal region using choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry demonstrated significant cell loss after injury. Infusion of NGF significantly attenuated loss of these cholinergic neurons. A second group of animals was subjected to fluid-percussion brai...
Ethics, Rights, and White's Antitrust Skepticism

Mark White has developed a provocative skepticism about antitrust law. I first argue against three claims that are essential to his argument: the state may legitimately constrain or punish only conduct that violates someone’s rights, the market’s purpose is coordinating and maximizing individual autonomy, and property rights should be completely insulated from democratic deliberation. I then sketch a case that persons might have a right to a competitive market. If so, antitrust law does deal with conduct that violates rights. The main thread running throughout the article is that what counts as a legitimate exercise of property rights is dynamic, sensitive to various external conditions, and is the proper object of democratic deliberation.
Assessing Human Error Against a Benchmark of Perfection

An increasing number of domains are providing us with detailed trace data on human decisions in settings where we can evaluate the quality of these decisions via an algorithm. Motivated by this development, an emerging line of work has begun to consider whether we can characterize and predict the kinds of decisions where people are likely to make errors. To investigate what a general framework for human error prediction might look like, we focus on a model system with a rich history in the behavioral sciences: the decisions made by chess players as they select moves in a game. We carry out our analysis at a large scale, employing datasets with several million recorded games, and using chess tablebases to acquire a form of ground truth for a subset of chess positions that have been completely solved by computers but remain challenging even for the best players in the world. We organize our analysis around three categories of features that we argue are present in most settings where the analysis of human error is applicable: the skill of the decision-maker, the time available to make the decision, and the inherent difficulty of the decision. We identify rich structure in all three of these categories of features, and find strong evidence that in our domain, features describing the inherent difficulty of an instance are significantly more powerful than features based on skill or time.
USE OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) SCANOGRAM TO DETERMINE NORMAL FIBULAR GROWTH IN PAEDIATRIC LEG LENGTH DISCREPANCY

Our aim was to use CT Scanogram to evaluate fibular growth, and thus calculate normal growth velocity, which may aid in determining the timing of epiphysiodesis. Current understanding of normal lower limb growth and growth prediction originates in the work of Anderson et al published in the 1960s. There now exist several clinical and mathematical methods to aid in the treatment of leg length discrepancy, including the timing of epiphysiodesis. Early research in this area provided limited information on the growth of the fibula. It is now well recognized that abnormal growth of paired long bones may evolve into deformity of clinical significance. Existing work examining fibular growth used plain film radiography only. Computed Tomography (CT) scanogram is now the preferred method for evaluating leg length discrepancy in the paediatric population. We calculated fibular growth for 28 children (n = 28, 16 girls and 12 boys) presenting with leg length discrepancy to our unit. Mean age at presentation was 111.1 months (range 33 – 155 months). For inclusion, each child had to have at least five CT scanograms performed, at six monthly intervals. Fibular length was calculated digitally as the distance from the proximal edge of the proximal epiphysis to the most distal edge of the distal epiphysis. For calculation purposes, mean fibular length was determined from two measurements taken of the fibula. A graph for annual fibular growth was plotted and fibular growth velocity calculated. CT Scanogram may be used to calculate normal fibular growth in children presenting with leg length discrepancy.
Communication Unbound: Autism and Praxis

(1992). Communication Unbound: Autism and Praxis. Hospital Practice: Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 209-250.
From synthesis to function via iterative assembly of N-methyliminodiacetic acid boronate building blocks.

ConspectusThe study and optimization of small molecule function is often impeded by the time-intensive and specialist-dependent process that is typically used to make such compounds. In contrast, general and automated platforms have been developed for making peptides, oligonucleotides, and increasingly oligosaccharides, where synthesis is simplified to iterative applications of the same reactions. Inspired by the way natural products are biosynthesized via the iterative assembly of a defined set of building blocks, we developed a platform for small molecule synthesis involving the iterative coupling of haloboronic acids protected as the corresponding N-methyliminodiacetic acid (MIDA) boronates. Here we summarize our efforts thus far to develop this platform into a generalized and automated approach for small molecule synthesis. We and others have employed this approach to access many polyene-based compounds, including the polyene motifs found in >75% of all polyene natural products. This platform further ...
A Conceptual Design of Circular Higgs Factory

Similar to a super B-factory, a circular Higgs factory (CHF) will require strong focusing systems near the interaction points and a low-emittance lattice in the arcs to achieve a factory luminosity. At electron beam energy of 125 GeV, beamstrahlung effects during the collision pose an additional challenge to the collider design. In particular, a large momentum acceptance at the 2% level is necessary to retain an adequate beam lifetime. This turns out to be the most challenging aspect in the design of a CHF. In this paper, an example will be provided to illustrate the beam dynamics in a CHF, emphasizing the chromatic optics. Basic optical modules and advanced analysis will be presented. Most importantly, we will show that 2% momentum aperture is achievable.
Hypopharyngeal Airway Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Morbidity in the Early Postoperative Period.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine if hypopharyngeal surgery for obstructive sleep apnea is associated with significant morbidity in the early post-operative period. METHODS Patients with a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea who underwent hypopharyngeal surgery at a tertiary care facility between November 2012 and September 2013 were included in this study. Surgical outcomes were assessed from medical records review and a 14 question telephone survey. Results: Twenty-two patients underwent hypopharyngeal surgery for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). No patient experienced intra-operative complications, post-operative O2 desaturation <90%, prolonged admission for inadequate pain control, pulmonary edema, or airway compromise requiring re-intubation. Post-operative complications included one episode of nasal hemorrhage, one infection requiring hospitalization, and one episode of dehydration treated with IV fluids. 25% of patients experienced some degree of post-operative dysphonia, and 87.5% of patients experienced post-operative dysphagia. The average rating for post-operative pharyngeal pain was 3.5 of 10 by week 3 and 1.75 of 10 by week 4. Most patients described decreased snoring (93.75%), improved feeling of overall health (75%), and increased daytime energy (62.5%). All patients undergoing hypopharyngeal airway surgery were discharged within 23 hours. CONCLUSION Hypopharyngeal surgery is a safe and well tolerated procedure for the treatment of OSA. Our findings suggest that hypopharyngeal surgery may be performed on an outpatient basis.
Mitigating the impact of hohlraum asymmetries in National Ignition Facility implosions using capsule shims

Current indirect drive implosion experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [Moses et al., Phys. Plasmas 16, 041006 (2009)] are believed to be strongly impacted by long wavelength perturbations driven by asymmetries in the hohlraum x-ray flux. To address this perturbation source, active efforts are underway to develop modified hohlraum designs with reduced asymmetry imprint. An alternative strategy, however, is to modify the capsule design to be more resilient to a given amount of hohlraum asymmetry. In particular, the capsule may be deliberately misshaped, or “shimmed,” so as to counteract the expected asymmetries from the hohlraum. Here, the efficacy of capsule shimming to correct the asymmetries in two recent NIF implosion experiments is assessed using two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations. Despite the highly time-dependent character of the asymmetries and the high convergence ratios of these implosions, simulations suggest that shims could be highly effective at counteracting current asymmetries and result in factors of a few enhancements in neutron yields. For higher compression designs, the yield improvement could be even greater.
Real Earnings Management in Sales

ABSTRACT We surveyed 1,638 sales executives across 40 countries regarding their companies' likelihood of asking sales to perform real earnings management (REM) actions when earnings pressure exists. Using this information, which we refer to as companies' REM propensities, we study how company characteristics and environmental conditions relate to the responses received. The use of cash-flow incentives for sales personnel and the distribution of interfunctional power in favor of finance rather than sales are both associated with companies' REM propensities. In addition, we show that sales executives preemptively change their behaviors in anticipation of top management's REM requests. Sales executives working for public companies and companies in the United States reported higher levels of REM propensity. The data also support an association between REM propensity and finance-sales conflict. These findings and others are compared and contrasted with existing empirical and survey-based research on REM throughout the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Oral anticoagulant therapy safely prevented stroke in older patients with atrial fibrillation.

Source Citation van Walraven C, Hart RG, Connolly S, et al. Effect of age on stroke prevention therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Stroke. 2009;40:1...
Using diffusion measurements to determine pore-size distributions in porous materials

Abstract A method for determining a type of pore-size distribution from diffusion measurements is presented. A Wicke-Kallenbach experiment, for measuring diffusion fluxes within porous materials, is carried out over a significant portion of the transition range between Knudsen flow and bulk diffusion. If the internal porous structure of the material is modeled as myriad nonintersecting cylindrical pores, an equation may be derived for the flux as a function of pressure, in which the flux is a functional of the pore-size distribution. The equation is a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind. This is an application of the general inversion problem, and solution of the equation for the pore-size distribution is possible. It is demonstrated from calculated fluxes using postulated ideal distributions that the method works very well for both unimodal and bimodal distributions. The method is not extraordinarily sensitive to experimental error. The pore-size distribution obtained using this method embodies not only the sizes of the pores, but includes other properties affecting diffusion rates, such as pore shapes, directions, and interconnectivities.
Catalytic Enantioselective Conjugate Additions of (pin)B-Substituted Allylcopper Compounds Generated in situ from Butadiene or Isoprene.

Multicomponent catalytic enantioselective transformations that entail the combination of butadiene or isoprene (common feedstock), an enoate (prepared in one step) and B2 (pin)2 (commercially available) are presented. These processes constitute an uncommon instance of conjugate addition of an allyl moiety and afford the desired products in up to 83 % yield and 98:2 enantiomeric ratio. Based on DFT calculations stereochemical models and rationale for the observed profiles in selectivity are provided.
Transformations and coupling relations for affine connections

Abstract The statistical structure on a manifold M is predicated upon a special kind of coupling between the Riemannian metric g and a torsion-free affine connection ∇ on T M , such that ∇g is totally symmetric, forming, by definition, a “Codazzi pair” { ∇ , g } . In this paper, we first investigate various transformations of affine connections, including additive translation by an arbitrary ( 1 , 2 ) -tensor K, multiplicative perturbation through an arbitrary invertible operator L on T M , and conjugation through a non-degenerate bilinear form h. We then study the Codazzi coupling of ∇ with h and its coupling with L, and the link between these two couplings. We introduce, as special cases of K-translations, various transformations that generalize traditional projective and dual-projective transformations, and study their commutativity with L-perturbation and h-conjugation transformations. Our framework allows affine connections to carry torsion, and we investigate conditions under which torsions are preserved by the various transformations mentioned above. In addition to reproducing some known results regarding Codazzi transformations, conformal-projective transformations, etc., we extend many of these geometric relations, and hence obtain new geometric insights, for the general case of a non-degenerate bilinear form h (not required to be a symmetric form g) in relation to an affine connection with possibly non-vanishing torsion. In particular, we provide a generalization to the conformal-projective transformation of { ∇ , g } which preserves their Codazzi coupling. Our systematic approach establishes a general setting for the study of information geometry based on transformations and coupling relations between affine connections.
Evidence of a dual histogenetic pathway of sacrococcygeal teratomas.

Aims Sacrococcygeal teratomas are rare tumors that occur most frequently in neonates, although adult cases also occur. Molecular pathogenesis of these tumors and their long-term prognosis is uncertain. Methods and results Fifty-four sacrococcygeal teratoma specimens from 52 patients were identified and available follow up information was obtained. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis was performed to identify isochromosome 12p (i(12p)) abnormalities on paraffin blocks of the tumors. Among the 48 pediatric patients, there were 44 teratomas and 4 tumors with combined teratoma and yolk sac tumor (1 of which also had primitive neuroectodermal tumor). The teratomas included 37 mature teratomas and 11 immature teratomas (4 grade 1, 2 grade 2, and 5 grade 3). The 44 teratomas lacking a yolk sac tumor component were all negative for i(12p). The 4 tumors with a yolk sac tumor component were all positive for i(12p). The 4 adult cases all lacked nonteratomatous germ cell tumor components, immature elements, and i(12p). Follow up information was available for 32 patients. Two patients with teratoma had recurrence, but were alive with no evidence of disease after long-term follow up. One patient with combined teratoma and yolk sac tumor had recurrence 7 months after resection. The other patients were alive with no evidence of disease at last follow up. Conclusions Our data suggest that pediatric sacrococcygeal teratomas should be considered as two distinct groups with a divergent histogenetic pathway. Prognosis of these tumors is excellent, despite rare recurrence. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Can environmental policy reduce infant mortality ? evidence from the Ganga pollution cases

In many developing countries, environmental quality remains low and policies to improve it have been inconsistently effective. This paper conducts a case study of environmental policy, focusing on an unprecedented ruling by the Supreme Court of India, which targeted industrial pollution in the Ganga River. Difference-in-difference estimations indicate that the ruling led to reductions in river pollution and one-month infant mortality. To look at the mechanisms of impact, the paper tests whether the identified health impact is fully explained by changes in pollution induced by the policy, and fails to reject that it indeed is. In so doing, the analysis also quantifies the adverse impact of water pollution on infant health and documents the persistence of such impacts in downstream communities.
Identifying Extension-Based Ad Injection via Fine-Grained Web Content Provenance

Extensions provide useful additional functionality for web browsers, but are also an increasingly popular vector for attacks. Due to the high degree of privilege extensions can hold, extensions have been abused to inject advertisements into web pages that divert revenue from content publishers and potentially expose users to malware. Users are often unaware of such practices, believing the modifications to the page originate from publishers. Additionally, automated identification of unwanted third-party modifications is fundamentally difficult, as users are the ultimate arbiters of whether content is undesired in the absence of outright malice.
Health: Policy or Law? A Population-Based Analysis of the Supreme Court's ACA Cases

This essay argues that it matters for the fate of health policies challenged in court whether courts consider health merely as a policy goal that must be subordinate to law, or as a legal norm warranting legal weight and consideration. Applying population-based legal analysis, this article demonstrates that courts have traditionally treated health as a legal norm. However, this norm appears to have weakened in recent years, a trend evident in the Supreme Court's first two decisions concerning the Affordable Care Act, NFIB v. Sebelius and Burwell v. Hobby Lobby However, in its more recent Affordable Care Act decision, King v. Burwell, the health legal norm is once again evident. Whether the Court will continue to treat health as a legal norm will prove critical to the deference and weight it grants health policies in the future.
Volatile Substances from Actinomycetes: Their Role in the Odor Pollution of Water

In this review article the isolation, structure proof and chemical syntheses of three volatile, highly odorous metabolites of actinomycetes are presented as well as their relation to odor problems in natural waters. They are geosmin, methylisoborneol and 2-isopropyl-3-methoxy pyrazine. Other volatile but less odorous metabolites of actinomycetes including “mucidone” are mentioned.
Sampled fictitious play is Hannan consistent

Abstract Fictitious play is a simple and widely studied adaptive heuristic for playing repeated games. It is well known that fictitious play fails to be Hannan consistent. Several variants of fictitious play including regret matching, generalized regret matching and smooth fictitious play, are known to be Hannan consistent. In this note, we consider sampled fictitious play: at each round, the player samples past times and plays the best response to previous moves of other players at the sampled time points. We show that sampled fictitious play, using Bernoulli sampling, is Hannan consistent. Unlike several existing Hannan consistency proofs that rely on concentration of measure results, ours instead uses anti-concentration results from Littlewood–Offord theory.
Pure white-light emitting ultrasmall organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite nanoclusters

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites, direct band-gap semiconductors, have shown tremendous promise for optoelectronic device fabrication. We report the first colloidal synthetic approach to prepare ultrasmall (∼1.5 nm diameter), white-light emitting, organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite nanoclusters. The nearly pure white-light emitting ultrasmall nanoclusters were obtained by selectively manipulating the surface chemistry (passivating ligands and surface trap-states) and controlled substitution of halide ions. The nanoclusters displayed a combination of band-edge and broadband photoluminescence properties, covering a major part of the visible region of the solar spectrum with unprecedentedly large quantum yields of ∼12% and photoluminescence lifetime of ∼20 ns. The intrinsic white-light emission of perovskite nanoclusters makes them ideal and low cost hybrid nanomaterials for solid-state lighting applications.
MODERATE OA IN PATIENTS <50: BEST TREATED WITH ARTHROSCOPIC DEBRIDEMENT – OPPOSES

There are a variety of potential causes of shoulder arthritis in young patients including osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, and avascular necrosis. However, the primary etiology in my practice is related to complications of instability surgery or labral repair: thermal or anchor/suture related chondrolysis. The outcomes of arthroscopic debridement have been disappointing in patients with shoulder arthritis with worse results with increasing severity of articular cartilage changes. Among all joint arthroplasty procedures, patients who undergo shoulder arthroplasty have the youngest average age. Results of hemiarthroplasty (HA) have been approximately 75% to 80% compared to 90% with total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). The largest series in the literature on shoulder arthroplasty in young patients is Schoch et al. They reviewed the results of 56 hemiarthroplasties and 19 TSA performed in patients less than 50 years old with a minimum 20-year follow-up or follow-up until reoperation. Both HA and TSA resulted in significant improvements in pain scores (p
Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper in Central Nervous System Health and Disease

The central nervous system (CNS) is a large network of intercommunicating cells that function to maintain tissue health and homeostasis. Considerable evidence suggests that glucocorticoids exert both neuroprotective and neurodegenerative effects on the CNS. Glucocorticoids act by binding two related receptors in the cytoplasm, the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The glucocorticoid receptor complex mediates cellular responses by transactivating target genes and by protein: protein interactions. The paradoxical effects of glucocorticoids on neuronal survival and death have been attributed to the concentration and the ratio of mineralocorticoid to glucocorticoid receptor activation. Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is a recently identified protein transcriptionally upregulated by glucocorticoids. Constitutively, expressed in many tissues including brain, GILZ mediates many of the actions of glucocorticoids. It mimics the anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects of glucocorticoids but exerts differential effects on stem cell differentiation and lineage development. Recent experimental data on the effects of GILZ following induced stress or trauma suggest potential roles in CNS diseases. Here, we provide a short overview of the role of GILZ in CNS health and discuss three potential rationales for the role of GILZ in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
THE JUMBO CUP: THE WORKHORSE OF REVISION THA

Acetabular revision surgery can be complex and challenging. The technique selected depends upon the amount of bone deficiency. One of the most useful ways to assess remaining bone stock has been described by Paprosky, based on the location and severity of bone loss, and the likelihood of obtaining a stable construct with a hemispherical cup. In almost all cases of acetabular revision, the remaining bone is in fact capable of supporting a hemispherical socket, as long as details of technique are followed. The implant is larger than the native acetabulum and the removed socket by several sizes, and may approach quite large proportions, hence the term “Jumbo Cup”. The principle is to gradually enlarge the acetabulum with hemispherical reamers, taking care to protect the posterior and superior bone, at the expense of the less crucial anterior and inferior bone. As reaming proceeds, there comes a point where the reamer is stable within the acetabulum. High areas have been reamed down, and remaining cavitary defects are then back-filled with autogenous reamings or allograft cancellous chips. This is then re-reamed in reverse to distribute the graft into the defects. A large or “Jumbo” cup, 2–3 mm larger than the last reamer, is then impacted into place, and supplemented with screws. In many cases, the anterior lip, and to a lesser extent the medial wall, may be sacrificed to obtain stability, without compromising long-term results.
A strain tensor method for three-dimensional Michell structures

In the design of discrete structures such as trusses and frames, important quantitative goals such as minimal weight or minimal compliance often dominate. Many numerical techniques exist to address these needs. However, an analytical approach exists to meet similar goals, which was initiated by Michell (1904) and has been mostly used for two-dimensional structures so far. This paper develops a method to extend the existing mainly two-dimensional approach to apply to three-dimensional structures. It will be referred as the Michell strain tensor method (MSTM). First, the proof that MSTM is consistent with the existing theory in two dimensions is provided. Second, two- and three-dimensional known solutions will be replicated based on MSTM. Finally, MSTM will be used to solve new three-dimensional cases.
Physics-Based Co-Simulation Platform for EMC Analysis of Two-Way Inductive WPT System in EV Applications

Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology has been approved to be convenient and reliable interface for charging and discharging the hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs). The most critical factor for transmitting high power wirelessly in EVs applications, is the human safety. WPT technology design must comply with the acceptable limits defined by the international standards. This paper presents a general electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) considerations for bidirectional inductive wireless power transfer system (BIWPTS) in EVs applications. For this purpose, a physics-based two-dimensional finite-element model (2D-FEM) co-simulation platform for the system is developed. Also, a steady-state analytical model for the same system was derived and implemented in MatLab environment. A 0.5 kW BIWPTS was analyzed based on the two models and the results were compared. Less than 0.5% normalized mean square (NRMSE) current error shows that the numerical models were able to predict the system performance accurately. These models can be easily extended to other magnetic designs, compensation and inverter topologies. The EMC analysis results in defining the minimum safe region around the wireless coupler in which the electromagnetic field level is below the standard values specified by International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP).
Guarantees of total variation minimization for signal recovery

In this paper, we consider using total variation minimization to recover signals whose gradients have a sparse support, from a small number of measurements. We establish the proof for the performance guarantee of total variation (TV) minimization in recovering \emph{one-dimensional} signal with sparse gradient support. This partially answers the open problem of proving the fidelity of total variation minimization in such a setting \cite{TVMulti}. In particular, we have shown that the recoverable gradient sparsity can grow linearly with the signal dimension when TV minimization is used. Recoverable sparsity thresholds of TV minimization are explicitly computed for 1-dimensional signal by using the Grassmann angle framework. We also extend our results to TV minimization for multidimensional signals. Stability of recovering signal itself using 1-D TV minimization has also been established through a property called "almost Euclidean property for 1-dimensional TV norm". We further give a lower bound on the number of random Gaussian measurements for recovering 1-dimensional signal vectors with $N$ elements and $K$-sparse gradients. Interestingly, the number of needed measurements is lower bounded by $\Omega((NK)^{\frac{1}{2}})$, rather than the $O(K\log(N/K))$ bound frequently appearing in recovering $K$-sparse signal vectors.
An Effective Continuum Model for the Gas Evolution in Internal Steam Drives

This report examines the gas phase growth from a supersaturated, slightly compressible, liquid in a porous medium, driven by heat transfer and controlled by the application of a constant-rate decline of the system pressure.
Results of DIII-D operation with new enabling technologies

Recent experiments on DIII-D have been carried out to understand and explore optimized Tokamak operating modes by exploiting control of the plasma current and pressure profiles using new RF current drive and divertor technology. DIII-D emphasizes plasma shape and divertor experiments using a digital plasma control system and extensive diagnostics to develop improved understanding and control of transport barriers in high performance plasmas. The emphasis of our program is to extend the duration of high performance operating modes beyond the plasma current relaxation time by using ICRF and ECH current drive. Engineering features of the new RF systems being developed for these experiments as well as new divertor results are described. DIII-D employs multi-element ICRF antennas for fast-wave electron heating and on-axis current drive and is beginning 110 GHz ECH experiments with MW-level gyrotrons for off-axis current drive. DIII-D employs active cryogenic divertor neutral particle pumping for plasma density and plasma pressure profile control. A divertor modification is now being implemented on DIII-D to pump higher triangularity plasmas and to better baffle neutral backflow from the recycling divertor region.
Improved Constructions for Non-adaptive Threshold Group Testing

The basic goal in combinatorial group testing is to identify a set of up to d defective items within a large population of size n≫d using a pooling strategy. Namely, the items can be grouped together in pools, and a single measurement would reveal whether there are one or more defectives in the pool. The threshold model is a generalization of this idea where a measurement returns positive if the number of defectives in the pool reaches a fixed threshold u>0, negative if this number is no more than a fixed lower threshold l<u, and may behave arbitrarily otherwise. We study non-adaptive threshold group testing (in a possibly noisy setting) and show that, for this problem, O(d g+2(logd)log(n/d)) measurements (where g:=u−l−1 and u is any fixed constant) suffice to identify the defectives, and also present almost matching lower bounds. This significantly improves the previously known (non-constructive) upper bound O(d u+1log(n/d)). Moreover, we obtain a framework for explicit construction of measurement schemes using lossless condensers. The number of measurements resulting from this scheme is ideally bounded by O(d g+3(logd)logn). Using state-of-the-art constructions of lossless condensers, however, we obtain explicit testing schemes with O(d g+3(logd)quasipoly(logn)) and O(d g+3+β poly(logn)) measurements, for arbitrary constant β>0.
Systematics of Alpha-Radioactivity

Correlations of alpha-decay energies in terms of mass number and atomic number have been made for all of the alpha-emitting species now numbering over 100. For each element isotopes show increase in alpha-energy with decrease in mass number except in the region of 126 neutrons where there is an explainable reversal. This reversal has the effect of creating a region of relatively low alpha-energy and long half-life at low mass numbers for such elements as astatine, emanation, francium, and possibly higher elements as had been noted already for bismuth and polonium. Methods and examples of using alpha-decay data to define the energy surface in the heavy element region are discussed. The regularities in alpha-decay are used for predictions of nuclear properties including predictions of the beta-stable nuclides among the heavy elements.
Variationally Derived Discontinuity Factors for the Asymptotic Homogenized Diffusion Equation

In this work, we derive and test variational discontinuity factors (DFs) for the asymptotic homogenized diffusion equation. We begin with a functional for optimally estimating the reactor multiplic...
Low-noise X-band Schottky barrier video detector diode

Point contact and conventionally fabricated oxide-passivated silicon Schottky barrier diodes are characterized by large amounts of excess noise at video frequencies. This noise usually severely degrades the sensitivity of these diodes as video detectors. The requirement for high detection sensitivities and low noise has led to the use of tunnel and back diodes in many detector applications, despite some inherent disadvantages such as low video resistance and poor resistance to accidental burnout. The purpose of the work to be described here was to develop an oxide-passivated Schottky barrier doide with no excess noise, suitable for use as a Video detector at 10 GHz.
The estimate of time delay between two signals with random relative phase shift

This paper presents the maximum likelihood estimate of the time delay between two signals with random relative phase shift. The analysis applies for both broad-band and narrowband signals and incorporates a parametric representation of the spread of the phase variation which allows the examination of all cases ranging from uniformly distributed phase shift to known phase shift. A realization of the ML estimator is presented which illustrated the difference between optimum processing for random phase shift and no phase shift. The Cramer-Rao bound is also derived and the performance degradation is discussed.
VANCOMYCIN DISPLAYS TIME-DEPENDENT ERADICATION OF MATURE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS BIOFILMS

Aim Determine the time concentration profile required to achieve vancomycin-mediated eradication of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. This is critical for the identification of performance targets for local antibiotic delivery, yet has not been described. Method Mature S. aureus UAMS-1 biofilms were grown on titanium-aluminum-niobium discs in Mueller Hinton broth (MHB). After 7 days, the discs were incubated in MHB containing vancomycin at 100, 200, 500, 1′000 and 2′000 mg/L. Both static and shaking conditions were tested. Samples were retrieved at intervals for up to 28 days for quantification of residual biofilm by sonication and serial dilution plating. One additional disc was processed per time point for scanning electron microscopy. Results Progressive and significant reduction of viable bacteria was observed over time at all vancomycin concentrations in both static and shaking conditions. After 28 days under static conditions, the S. aureus biofilm was completely eradicated at 200 mg/L vancomycin and higher concentrations. Biofilm could could however not be eradicated under shaking conditions at any concentration. Logistic regression documents time of exposure at ≥200 mg/L as being the essential determinant of eradication. Conclusions The clinical relevance of the present study is that it is not impossible to eradicate mature S. aureus biofilm from metal implants by vancomycin alone, fostering efforts to optimize local delivery. The required time concentration profile cannot be achieved yet by systemic administration or any of the local delivery vehicles available. Even longer exposure as 28 days might be required as wound fluid flow might influence unfavourably biofilm resistance to vancomycin
The Well Founded Semantics for Disjunctive Logic Programs

We extend the well-founded semantics of Van Gelder, Ross and Schlipf to disjunctive logic programs. We propose a “strong” semantics, in which disjunction is treated exclusively, and a “weak” semantics in which disjunction is treated inclusively. The strong semantics infers a subset of the information inferred under the perfect model approach of Przymusinski for locally stratified programs, but is well defined for all programs. The weak semantics generalizes the disjunctive database rule of Ross and Topor. We then define an “optimal” semantics which treats each rule either inclusively or exclusively according to the programmer's specification. We compare our proposed semantics to previous approaches, and examine some of its properties.
COMPONENT MAL-POSITION IN SURFACE REPLACEMENT: INCONVENIENT TRUTHS

Hip resurfacing using metal-on-metal bearings has a number of purported advantages over traditional total hip replacement in the young, active patient. Males in particular can benefit from the bone preservation, stability, and higher activity levels seen with this procedure. As more is learned about the factors affecting long-term outcome of hip resurfacing, component position has emerged as one major predictor of success. Given a well-selected patient, and a well-designed device, acetabular positioning is perhaps the most important determinant of long-term survivorship in hip resurfacing. One feature of resurfacing socket design which has not been widely disseminated is the sub-hemispheric arc of the bearing surface. While the outer circumference of the socket represents a complete hemisphere, and radiographic evaluation may assume that the apparent socket angle is satisfactory, the actual bearing is less than a hemisphere, so that the true abduction of the bearing is considerably more vertical. This important fact leads to excessive bearing inclination, edge loading, and all that follows, including runaway wear, metallosis, ALVAL, and pseudotumors. Inadequate socket anteversion can expose the psoas tendon to abrasion and tendonitis. Too much acetabular anteversion, especially when combined with increased femoral neck anteversion, can result in an overall decrease in bearing contact area, and excessive wear. Femoral component positioning is critical in the prevention of femoral neck fractures, which are a chief cause of early failure. Varus placement increases the tensile stresses on the superior femoral neck. Excessive valgus threatens notching. Both increase femoral neck fractures. Sufficient malposition will ultimately result in edge loading. Edge wear is incompatible with fluid film lubrication, the key to longevity of these bearings.
Theory of Filler Reinforcement

For small loadings (up to about 10 percent volume parts) the colloidal carbon black spheres may be considered as suspended in a continuous rubber matrix. In the present paper this model is generalized for ellipsoidal (including plate‐ and rod‐like) filler particles and it is extended to the computation of various properties of the suspension in terms of the properties of the matrix and of the fillers. Viscosity, Young's modulus, stress‐strain curve below crystallization, and dielectric constant of the suspension are derived as linear functions of the volume concentration for small, and as quadratic functions for higher loadings. The stress‐strain curves for varying amounts of fillers are similar. For small loadings the tensile strength first decreases because of the stress concentrations occurring around the carbon black spheres when the samples are stretched. The increase of the tensile strength observed for greater loadings is caused by the tendency of the carbon black spheres to form chains and finally...
Correlation between thermal expansion and heat capacity

Abstract The theoretically predicted linear correlation between the volume coefficient of thermal expansion and the thermal heat capacity was investigated for highly symmetrical atomic arrangements. Normalizing the data on these thermodynamic parameters to the Debye temperature gives practically identical curves from zero kelvins to the Debye temperature. This result is consistent with the predicted linear correlation. At temperatures higher than the Debye temperature the normalized values of the thermal expansion are always higher than the normalized value of the heat capacity. The correlation detected has significant computational advantage since it allows calculating the volume coefficient of thermal expansion from one experimental value by using the Debye function.
Avoiding tipping points in fisheries management through Gaussian process dynamic programming

Model uncertainty and limited data are fundamental challenges to robust management of human intervention in a natural system. These challenges are acutely highlighted by concerns that many ecological systems may contain tipping points, such as Allee population sizes. Before a collapse, we do not know where the tipping points lie, if they exist at all. Hence, we know neither a complete model of the system dynamics nor do we have access to data in some large region of state space where such a tipping point might exist. We illustrate how a Bayesian non-parametric approach using a Gaussian process (GP) prior provides a flexible representation of this inherent uncertainty. We embed GPs in a stochastic dynamic programming framework in order to make robust management predictions with both model uncertainty and limited data. We use simulations to evaluate this approach as compared with the standard approach of using model selection to choose from a set of candidate models. We find that model selection erroneously favours models without tipping points, leading to harvest policies that guarantee extinction. The Gaussian process dynamic programming (GPDP) performs nearly as well as the true model and significantly outperforms standard approaches. We illustrate this using examples of simulated single-species dynamics, where the standard model selection approach should be most effective and find that it still fails to account for uncertainty appropriately and leads to population crashes, while management based on the GPDP does not, as it does not underestimate the uncertainty outside of the observed data.