cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New results on two and three dimensional directional filter banks

Recently, a family of multidimensional, non-separable filter banks known as directional filter banks were introduced. In subsequent works, these filter banks were shown to be effective for the detection and enhancement of linear features in noisy environments, resolution enhancement, and in subband image coding. In this paper, simplifying the design and implementation of the directional filter bank and also extending the directional filter bank constructs to the decomposition of three dimensional data such as video is focused upon. These new decompositions are generated by applying the two-dimensional decompositions utilized in the directional filter bank family along the different planes of the three dimensional signal. The three dimensional subband decompositions may be useful in motion detection and compensation for video sequence analysis and compression as well as linear and planar motion detection in noisy environments. >
8.5-GHz pulse-shape control with a 700:1 Dynamic range on a frequency-tripled multiterawatt solid-state laser

Precise control of new pulse shapes on the OMEGA laser requires 8.5-GHz, 740:1 dynamic-range measurements at the low-energy front end of the system. We present a new integrated measurement and prediction scheme that meets these demands.
A practical and economical approach to resource allocation

Providing quality of service guarantees requires resource reservations. As congestion becomes the common scenario, it is important to reserve network resources efficiently. However, many proposed algorithms make assumptions that can not be validated in a realistic framework. We make practical assumptions to enable immediate implementation of the proposed algorithm. In order to make the best use of the existing network resources, simple pricing is used. We use the burstiness bound approximation (BBA) traffic model which is a derivative of the leaky bucket traffic model (leaky bucket parameters and the peak rate). The specified traffic parameters directly relate to the source's reserved buffer and bandwidth requirements. This paper describes a method in which the bandwidth and buffer resources to be reserved are determined based on the resource availabilities (prices) and the specified traffic parameters to yield efficient utilization of network resources. The simulation results are presented to show its effectiveness.
ANALYSIS OF HIGH-SPEED AEROCAPTURE AT MARS USING HYPERPASS, A NEW AEROASSIST TOOL

A revolutionary interplanetary rapid transit concept for transporting scientists and explorers between Earth and Mars has been developed by Global Aerospace Corporation under funding from the NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts (NIAC). This architecture uses highly autonomous spaceships, dubbed Astrotels; small Taxis for trips between Astrotels and planetary Spaceports; Shuttles that transport crews to and from orbital space stations and planetary surfaces; and low-thrust cargo freighters. Earth-Mars cycler orbits have been proposed for the interplanetary transfer because these both provide fast flight times and propellant savings. Some cycler orbits developed thus far can have some undesirable characteristics, however, such as high approach and flyby velocities at Mars. In this paper we address the high approach speed at Mars and its implications to aerocapture. In addition, we describe the new simulation tool, called HyperPASS, used in part for this investigation.
An oral essential amino acid-carbohydrate supplement enhances muscle protein anabolism after resistance exercise

This study was designed to determine the response of muscle protein to the bolus ingestion of a drink containing essential amino acids and carbohydrate after resistance exercise. Six subjects (3 me...
Multiresolution time-domain (MRTD) adaptive schemes using arbitrary resolutions of wavelets

A space- and time-adaptive two-dimensional multiresolution time-domain (MRTD) algorithm based on arbitrary resolutions of Battle-Lemarie wavelets is proposed. Analytic expressions for the finite-summation coefficients are derived and details concerning the modeling of hard boundaries, excitation, and field reconstruction are extensively discussed. Through the use of a combination of absolute and relative thresholding, a dynamically changing grid is developed with minimal computational requirements in comparison to the finite-difference time-domain technique. After the validation process, MRTD is used for the first time for the numerical optimization of complex RF structures such as evanescent-mode filters.
CULTURE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS OF A BACTERIZED CLADOPHORA GLOMERATA (L.) KUTZ FROM LAKE MICHIGAN.

A defined medium was developed for a bacterized Gladophora glomerata from Lake Michigan yielding 0.8 g dry weight/m(2) /20 days and a doubling time of 1.2 days. Best growth was at 25 C under continuous aeration and 200-500 ft-c light. Aeration with 2% CO2 , with or without THIS buffer, inhibited growth. Calcium nitrate, urea, and NaNO3 were all utilized as nitrogen sources; however, more NO3 nitrogen was required than urea or Ca nitrate N for maximum yields. Germination of zoospores through zoosporangial walls was observed.
Anabolic effects of insulin and IGF-I in the ovine fetus are reduced by prolonged maternal fasting.

Fetal nutritional stress may result in intrauterine growth restriction and postnatal insulin resistance. To determine whether insulin resistance can begin in utero, we subjected late-gestation (130...
Polyclonal immunoglobulin therapy protects against cardiac damage in experimental coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis.

Balb/c male mice infected i.p. with 2 × 105 plaque forming units (PFU) of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) develop severe mvocarditis 7 days later. Studies were performed to determine whether therapy with normal polyclonal immunoglobulin would prevent cardiac inflammation. Partially purified immunoglobulin was derived from pooled mouse serum by ammonium sulphate precipitation. Infected animals given either 100 or 1000 μg of this preparation for 2 days prior to infection showed greater than 50% reduction in myocarditis compared to control animals which were infected and given either phosphate buffered saline, human immunoglobulin ormonoclonal mouse IgG to an extraneous antigen. Protection did not depend upon inhibition of virus infection since cardiac viral titres were frequently equivalent in control and immunoglobulin-treated groups.
Induced Drag Minimization with Optimal Scheduling of Virtual Surface Deflection Boundary Conditions

This project took an initial step towards our goal of implementing multiple trailing edge “virtual flaps” to control the span-wise lift distribution over a finite wing for minimizing lift–induced drag. The first part of this project compared Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) results of an untwisted, finite rectangular wing (NACA 0006, AR = 40/6) using no flap deflections against theoretical results for verification of the methodology. A lifting line code handled the theoretical computations as well as comparison of the results. Dividing the wing into twenty span-wise sections and using a surface integral of pressure at each section provided a method from which to extract a span-wise lift distribution from the CFD solution. A comparison of the numerical and theoretical lift distributions, under flow conditions representing Mach 0.3 – 0.7 subsonic and transonic flows at small angle of attack, shows good agreement with an average error of 2.4% over the wingspan. An important part of the methodology required extracting accurate and robust calculations of induced drag from the CFD solutions. Inaccuracies associated with the (standard) surface integral method of calculating drag prompted the use of a wake integral method. To minimize grid requirements and complexity associated with fully viscous solutions, the CFD solution focused on the Euler equations and only the induced drag obtained. Successful implementation of a wake integral method via a Trefftz-plane analysis provided an approximation of the induced drag, which seemed to prove more accurate than the surface integral method.
An Exploration of Confucian's "Ceremony and Justice" Ethics and its Reality

As history shows,when the world is filled with materials,rituals and ceremony will disintegrate.Only by reestablishing the moral standards to educate people to have a proper understanding of rituals and to guide their practice in real life can we remedy the social problems.The ethics of Confucius,which originated and developed in traditional society,has profound influence on Chinese,who have no way to disintegrate themselves from history but have to face such issues.Therefore we should have a proper understanding of Confucian ethic spirits so as to offer theoretical resources and wisdom to the construction of ethics and morality.
Damage caused by drug residues in animal derived food and control measures

Animal derived food is an important part of human's food.Drug residues are the main factor of damaging animal derived food.People pursue safe and superior animal derived food without pollution,residues or nuisance.This paper discusses the source and damage of drug residues of animal derived food,the characteristics of residues,as well as the measures taken to control drug residues.
Implementation effect of global fund to floating population TE control program in Yunnan

[Objective]To analyze and evaluate the implementation effect of global fund to floating population TE control program,provide scientific basis for completing TB control strategy among floating population in Yunnan. [Methods] The data of TB cases detection and treatment in three counties carrying out global fund to floating population TE control program two years before project implementation and after three years after project implementation were collected and analyzed. [Results]After the program implementation,registration rates of active tuberculosis patients and pulmonary tuberculosis with smear positive increased significantly,from 17. 82 /100 000 and 15. 94 /100 000 to 29. 36 /100 000 and 20. 82 /100 000 respectively. Rate of actively visiting doctor increased from 25. 08% to 68. 9%. Treatment success rate of active tuberculosis patients among floating population was 94. 51%,which was higher than that of local population( 90. 53%). [Conclusion]Implementation of global fund to floating population TE control program increases the discovery rate and treatment success rate of infectious tuberculosis cases. Result of the project is remarkable.
Exploring a New Path to Construct a High Level University: Some Thoughts about the Preparatory Work to Found the South University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen

The quality of talent trained through higher education includes qualitative standards and qualitative effects.At present,most of the Shenzhen-based colleges and universities can meet the pre-made talent training standards,but there remains room to meet requirements of economic and social growth in Shenzhen.High-tech industry constitutes a pillar industry in Shenzhen.The founding of a research-oriented university will further support the sustainable development of this industry.Such merits as accurate orientation,disciplinary structure,developing strategies of the South University of Science and Technology,the recruiting of high-level overseas talents as the main faculty and its joint programs with world-class universities,as well as the managing mode of an entrepreneurial university,will be conducive to its success.
Tics and Tourette syndrome.

The frequency of accompanying neurologic signs and positive family histories lends support to the idea of an organic cause for these common neuropsychiatric disorders. Spontaneous remission is common, and tics seldom persist beyond adolescence, but drug therapy may be indicated in severe cases. Emotional problems in patients and their families may represent the most difficult aspect of management.
Autonomous sensor-context learning in dynamic human-centered internet-of-things environments

Human-centered Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications utilize computational algorithms such as machine learning and signal processing techniques to infer knowledge about important events such as physical activities and medical complications. The inference is typically based on data collected with wearable sensors or those embedded in the environment. A major obstacle in large-scale utilization of these systems is that the computational algorithms cannot be shared between users or reused in contexts different than the setting in which the training data are collected. For example, an activity recognition algorithm trained for a wrist-band sensor cannot be used on a smartphone worn on the waist. We propose an approach for automatic detection of physical sensor-contexts (e.g., on-body sensor location) without need for collecting new labeled training data. Our techniques enable system designers and end-users to share and reuse computational algorithms that are trained under different contexts and data collection settings. We develop a framework to autonomously identify sensor-context. We propose a gating function to automatically activate the most accurate computational algorithm among a set of shared expert models. Our analysis based on real data collected with human subjects while performing 12 physical activities demonstrate that the accuracy of our multi-view learning is only 7.9% less than the experimental upper bound for activity recognition using a dynamic sensor constantly migrating from one on-body location to another. We also compare our approach with several mixture-of-experts models and transfer learning techniques and demonstrate that our approach outperforms algorithms in both categories.
Adjunctive brexpiprazole for the treatment of major depressive disorder.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The lifetime prevalence of major depressive episodes in the United States is nearly 17%. Clinical trials and clinical effectiveness studies have demonstrated that many patients will fail to achieve remission using traditional monotherapy, contributing to significant morbidity and suffering. Because of this, augmentation strategies have been proposed to improve both treatment response and remission.Areas covered: Brexpiprazole is a second generation antipsychotic (SGA) approved by the US FDA in 2015 as an add-on treatment to an antidepressant medication for the treatment of adults with MDD, based on the results of two large-scale, randomized, placebo-controlled trials. It is thought to exert its antidepressant effect by a partial agonism of both the dopamine D2 and serotonin 5HT1A receptors. In addition, it also has potent antagonistic activity at 5HT2A, α1B and α2 C receptors, which may also contribute to monoamine transmission regulation.Expert Opinion: Overall, the tolerability of ...
Soft likelihood functions in combining evidence

Abstract We develop an approach for flexible computation of likelihood functions of probabilistic evidence in the context of forensic crime investigations. An ordered weighted average (OWA) aggregation approach allows a softening of the strong likelihood constraint of requiring all such evidence. Use of the OWA measure known as attitudinal character provides OWA weights allowing optimistic or pessimistic likelihood results. This approach is extended by introducing the reliability of evidence in the computations of likelihood functions. Examples of the basic OWA computation and the likelihood results introducing reliability are provided.
A critical role for ChREBP-mediated FGF21 secretion in hepatic fructose metabolism.

Objective Increased fructose consumption is a contributor to the burgeoning epidemic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recent evidence indicates that the metabolic hormone FGF21 is regulated by fructose consumption in humans and rodents and may play a functional role in this nutritional context. Here, we sought to define the mechanism by which fructose ingestion regulates FGF21 and determine whether FGF21 contributes to an adaptive metabolic response to fructose consumption.
Identification of Novel Agents for the Treatment of Brain Metastases of Breast Cancer

Background: Brain cancer from metastasized breast cancer has a high mortality rate in women. The treatment of lesions is hampered in large part by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents adequate distribution of anti-cancer compounds to brain metastases. Method: In this study we used a novel screening method to identify candidate molecules that are well-suited to utilizing the BBB choline transporter for distribution into the brain parenchyma. Results: From our screen we identified two compounds, Ch-1 and Ch-2 that were able to reduce the brain tumor burden in a murine mouse model of brain metastasis of breast cancer. These compounds also significantly increased the survival of mice by more than 10 days. Mechanistic studies indicated that Ch-1 is able to prevent the activation of the pro-survival mitogen-activated kinases (MAPKs) by osteoactivin (OA; Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B GPNMB). Conclusion: The results from this study show that nutrient transporter virtual screening is a viable novel alternative to traditional drug screening programs to identify anti-cancer compounds for the treatment of brain cancers.
Young People, Sexual Orientation, and Resilience

The author discusses her own personal and professional experience as a queer family therapist/supervisor. She provides case examples of a variety of youth who identify as queer, an umbrella term for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, and queer. Her work is a kaleidoscope of images of young people and the multiple ways they cope when marginalized in their communities, including the role that mentors, therapists, schools, and families play in nurturing these young people’s resilience.
Percutaneous Biopsy of the Pancreas

Image-guided percutaneous needle biopsy has been shown to be a safe and accurate technique for obtaining samples for pathologic diagnosis in patients presenting with undiagnosed pancreatic masses. Percutaneous needle biopsy is also used for determining the cause of graft dysfunction after pancreatic transplantation. Percutaneous biopsy of the pancreas is generally performed with ultrasound or computed tomography guidance. Pancreatic lesions can be accessed via anterior, posterior, or lateral needle biopsy approaches. An anterior approach is generally preferred, but the presence of intervening structures (such as the small and large bowel and mesenteric blood vessels) often precludes this approach. If a safe anterior approach is not available, a posterior approach can be used for needle biopsy of pancreatic lesions. A posterior approach with the needle traversing the inferior vena cava has been safely used for lesions involving the head and uncinate process of the pancreas. Although fine-needle aspiration biopsy is the most common technique for performing biopsies of pancreatic masses, biopsies using small-caliber (18- to 20-gauge) core needles also have shown to be safe, and studies suggest that core-biopsy samples can increase the overall accuracy of percutaneous biopsy. The diagnostic accuracy of image-guided percutaneous pancreatic biopsy ranges from 45 to 100 %. The reported complication rate for pancreatic biopsies ranges between 0.5 and 3 %, with acute pancreatitis being the most frequent complication.
EFFECT OF MACROECONOMIC FACTORS ON BOND PRICES: A SURVEY OF BONDS LISTED AT THE NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of macroeconomic factors on bond price. Methodology: The research used an explanatory research design. 65 bonds listed in 23 categories at the NSE. The study used secondary data collected from NSE and the (KNBS) Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. A sample of 10 bonds was selected as these bonds were issued in the January 2008 and were still not mature by the 31 st December 2012. Standard deviations were calculated for all the variables in the study. Further statistical analysis was carried out by use of correlation and regression analysis where bond prices were regressed against inflation, exchange rates and economic growth measured using the Kenya’s Gross Domestic Product growth. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17 was used to conduct the analysis. The findings were presented in form of tables and figures. Results: The study concluded that inflation had negative and significant relationship on the bond prices. It was also possible to conclude that there was a positive and insignificant relationship between exchange rate and the bond price. The study also concluded that there was a positive and insignificant relationship between GDP and the bond price Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: This study recommends that investors who are looking to buy into bonds should factor in inflation as this determines the bond prices. It is recommended that economic growth should be enhanced through the pursuit of expansionary monetary and fiscal policies. The study also recommends that investors should also consider factors such as exchange rate as this determines the bond prices. It is recommended that the monetary authority should use policies aimed at weakening the Kenya shilling as doing so would increase bond prices. This is because bond prices would be cheaper and more attractive to foreign investors.
Data-Driven Multi-Element Arbitrary Polynomial Chaos for Uncertainty Quantification in Sensors

A multi-element arbitrary polynomial chaos (ME-aPC) scheme is introduced for uncertainty quantification in sensors. Similar to the classical aPC, the ME-aPC scheme is most usable in data-driven applications, in which the input uncertainty is represented numerically by raw data samples. In sensors, the input samples are usually obtained by real-time measurements. With the two examples considered in this paper, the proposed scheme is shown to have better numerical stability than the classical aPC, without compromising the accuracy of the solutions.
Disability policies and public views on work disability: A comparative analysis using anchoring vignette data

Using data on disability vignettes from representative surveys in the U.S. and seven European countries, we conduct a comparative analysis of disability policies and public views on work limitations. We hypothesize that program characteristics are related to individuals’ perceptions about work limitations. Looking at how respondents across countries characterize identical disability vignettes, we find evidence that disability policy dimensions such as policy coverage, medical assessment, and vocational assessment strongly predict disability perceptions. We illustrate the results in a series of counterfactual policy simulations. Our findings have implications for policy design and delivery. The anchoring vignette approach may also be useful in a wide range of comparative policy studies.
Design and Synthesis of a Variable Filled Band Molecular Conductor

New pseudo one-dimensional (1-D) substances are required to understand the salient features associated with unidimensionali-ty. To date a variety of organic (e.g., tetrathiofulvalene (TTF), 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane (TCNQ)), inorganic (e.g., K2Pt(CN)4Br0.3·3H2O(KCP)), and covalent polymers (e.g., poly-(sulfurnitride)(SN)x) have been studied.1 However, due to significant differences in the types of bonding, resultant bandwidth, different stoichiometries (Tables I-II), and crystal structures detailed comparisons between these classes of materials are difficult to make. To help clarify the problem we focused our attention at approaching the situation from a different viewpoint, namely, studying the physical properties solely as a function of band filling, i.e., Fermi energy. In contrast with “classical” semiconductors, e.g., silicon, where doping with electron deficient, e.g., gallium, or electron rich, e.g., arsenic, atoms is easily accomplished to vary the Fermi energy, wide variation of the band filling of molecular based materials had not been previously reported.
International Negotiation: Some Conceptual Developments

Negotiation is a central activity in international affairs, but it tends to be studied indirectly through particular cases. Considering it as a subject in itself brings out some important principle...
Emergence of Mands and Tacts of Novel Objects among Preschool Children

According to Skinner’s (1957) analysis of verbal behavior, the mand and the tact are functionally independent verbal operants, each of which is acquired through a unique history of reinforcement. The present study attempted to replicate the findings of Lamarre and Holland (1985), who empirically demonstrated functional independence of mands and tacts in typically developing preschool children. Five children participated. All were initially trained to complete two 4-piece assembly tasks. Four children were then trained to tact the four pieces that comprised one of the assembly tasks, and to mand for the four pieces that comprised the other task, using arbitrary vocal response forms. The remaining child received tact training only, and only on one task. The effects of training on the untrained operant were evaluated in a multipleprobe design across tasks. Following mand training, 4 out of 4 children reliably emitted tacts under testing conditions, while the effects of tact training differed across participants. The results differ from those of Lamarre and Holland, but are not necessarily surprising from the point of view of either Skinner’s analysis or more recent behavioral accounts of language. Future research should attempt to identify variables that affect transfer between mand and tact relations.
Microbial Pathogenesis and the Discovery of Toll-Like Receptor Function

It has been known for many decades that specific molecules of microbial origin (lipoteichoic acid, bacterial lipopeptides, lipopolysaccharide [LPS], deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA], ribonucleic acid [RNA], and other conserved molecules) are endowed with adjuvant activity. The receptors for these molecules are the mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and they provide awareness of microbial infection. Not surprisingly, they also mediate adjuvant effects. However, they are not required for adaptive immune responses per se. TLRs lead to upregulation of costimulatory molecules by eliciting the production of type I interferon. However, entirely different pathways are responsible for many adaptive immune phenomena, including allograft rejection, which occurs in the absence of any TLR-mediated sensing activity.
Behavioral Adaptations to Lane Keeping Systems: Effects of Exposure and Withdrawal:

Objective:A driving simulator study was conducted to evaluate the longitudinal effects of an intervention and withdrawal of a lane keeping system on driving performance and cognitive workload.Backg...
Young adult cancer survivors' experiences with a mindful self-compassion (MSC) video-chat intervention: A qualitative analysis.

Young adult cancer survivors (YACS) are a vulnerable population that reports high anxiety, social isolation, and feelings of inadequacy after cancer treatment completion. Mindful self-compassion (M...
An Overview and Awareness of Acute Coronary Syndrome Based on Risk Factors, Early Clinical Assessment Tools, and Improving Clinical Outcomes.

Background Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide accounting for 17.3 million deaths per year, a number that is estimated to grow to more than 23.6 million by 2030. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common form of cardiovascular diseases and remains the number one cause of death in the United States, killing more than 375,000 Americans every year. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a manifestation of CAD, which is life threatening and an emergency situation. Objective To provide an overview and an awareness of ACS based on risk factors, early clinical assessment tools, and to improving clinical outcomes. Methods For registered nurses (RNs) in any clinical setting, this overview will educate and inform nurses how they can approach patient care in an urgent and timely manner. Results Advances in diagnostic cardiac biomarkers, risk assessment tools, medical management, and invasive strategies have allowed for earlier and more accurate diagnosis and treatment of ACS, thereby improving clinical outcomes. Conclusions Competence in early recognition of the major differences in clinical presentation of ACS will enable prompt diagnosis and initiation of proven therapies. Implications for nursing practice As the prevalence for ACS continues to rise, RNs in all clinical settings should make a concerted effort to identify and mitigate risk factors early as well as to recognize, diagnose, and respond to ACS events in a timely manner.
Scaffolds for brain tissue reconstruction

Abstract The brain is the most complex organ in the human body, functionally comprised of over 100 billion nerve cells, called neurons, that are precisely interconnected by a sophisticated network of over 100,000 miles of fibrous extensions, called axons. This is a challenging issue to properly regenerate brain tissue. The focus of this chapter is on brain repair, specifically emerging strategies to facilitate regeneration, reconnectivity, and/or reconstruction of these exquisite neuronal–axonal–glial networks following degeneration caused by brain injury or neurodegenerative disease. Focus is given to engineered scaffold-based approaches; in particular, efforts encompassing naturally occurring organic/biologically derived scaffolds (e.g., extracellular matrices [ECMs]), non-ECM polymer-based scaffolds (e.g., hydrogels), and so-called “living scaffolds” (e.g., anisotropic cell-laden scaffolds). In general, these biomaterial/biological scaffolds aim to fill defects, provide structural support, provide guidance cues (generally anisotropic), deliver biological agents, and/or provide preorganized cells. The design criteria for these scaffolds are generally determined by the desired mechanism(s) of action, which for brain repair generally fall into three categories: (1) neuroprotection by providing prosurvival cues (growth factors) and/or supporting cells; (2) cell replacement by eliciting neurogenesis, glial proliferation, orchestrating (endogenous) cell migration, and/or providing new (exogenous) cells, with varying degrees of three-dimensional (3D) architecture; and (3) neurite pathfinding (generally axonal) to restore local connections and/or reconstruct long-distance circuitry. The ultimate goal of these therapies is to prevent cell/axonal loss, promote healing, reconstruct lost neural architecture/connections, and ultimately facilitate functional recovery following nervous system disorders.
Controlling fluctuations and transport in the reversed field pinch with edge current drive and plasma biasing

Two techniques are employed in the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST) to test and control different aspects of fluctuation induced transport in the Reversed Field Pinch (RFP). Auxiliary edge currents are driven along the magnetic field to modify magnetic fluctuations, and the particle and energy transport associated with them. In addition, strong edge flows are produced by plasma biasing. Their effect on electrostatic fluctuations and the associated particle losses is studied. Both techniques are accomplished using miniature insertable plasma sources that are biased negatively to inject electrons. This type of emissive electrode is shown to reliably produce intense, directional current without significant contamination by impurities. The two most important conclusions derived from these studies are that the collective modes resonant at the reversal surface play a role in global plasma confinement, and that these modes can be controlled by modifying the parallel current profile outside of the reversal surface. This confirms predictions based on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations that auxiliary current drive in the sense to flatten the parallel current profile can be successful in controlling magnetic fluctuations in the RFP. However, these studies expand the group of magnetic modes believed to cause transport in MST and suggest that current profile control efforts need to address both the core resonant magnetic modes and those resonant at the reversal surface. The core resonant modes are not significantly altered in these experiments; however, the distribution and/or amplitude of the injected current is probably not optimal for affecting these modes. Plasma biasing generates strong edge flows with shear and particle confinement likely improves in these discharges. These experiments resemble biased H modes in other magnetic configurations in many ways. The similarities are likely due to the common role of electrostatic fluctuations in edge transport.
A Diffuse Interface Framework for Modeling the Evolution of Multi-cell Aggregates as a Soft Packing Problem Driven by the Growth and Division of Cells

We present a model for cell growth, division and packing under soft constraints that arise from the deformability of the cells as well as of a membrane that encloses them. Our treatment falls within the framework of diffuse interface methods, under which each cell is represented by a scalar phase field and the zero level set of the phase field represents the cell membrane. One crucial element in the treatment is the definition of a free energy density function that penalizes cell overlap, thus giving rise to a simple model of cell-cell contact. In order to properly represent cell packing and the associated free energy, we include a simplified representation of the anisotropic mechanical response of the underlying cytoskeleton and cell membrane through penalization of the cell shape change. Numerical examples demonstrate the evolution of multi-cell clusters and of the total free energy of the clusters as a consequence of growth, division and packing.
Finding mental health providers in the United States: a national survey and implications for policy and practice.

Background: Research suggests that a major barrier to mental health treatment is not knowing where to go for services, yet little is known about the specific steps people take to find treatment.Aim...
Using Homeowners’ Association Membership to Define Audience Segments for Targeted Local Social Marketing Interventions: Implications From a Statewide Study:

People working on water issues in the state of Florida, USA, recognize outdoor water conservation as an important area of focus. Social marketing has become increasingly accepted as a behavior chan...
Digital depression: a new disease of the millennium?

Objective In the past decade, since the innovation of the smartphone, there has been an increase in depression, anxiety, and suicidality among teenagers and young adults. The objective of this article was to review the current evidence for these associations and to provide initial clinical guidance. Methods A narrative review of the available literature on digital technology, social media, and psychiatric outcomes in adolescents. Results Psychiatric outcomes have worsened in adolescents in the past decade, correlating with the invention of the smartphone and the rise of social media. Depressive symptoms among American teenagers rose rapidly around 2012 and now are reported in 22% of adolescents, which is at least double the rate in adults. Suicide rates have risen, especially among teenage girls in the United States, in whom there has been a doubling of completed suicide in the past decade. A causal relationship between social media use and these harmful psychiatric outcomes is supported by emerging randomized data showing reduced depressive symptoms associated with a decrease in social media use in college students. Conclusions Social media and digital technology correlate with harmful psychiatric outcomes in adolescents and young adults. Clinical recommendations should include limitations in social media use.
The role of discrimination, assimilation, and gender in the mental health of resettled Somali young adults: A longitudinal, moderated mediation analysis.

Acculturation styles have important associations with future adjustment among immigrants and refugees, yet less is known about the individual and interpersonal factors that influence the strategy an individual adopts. High rates of discrimination may signal the receiving community's rejection of one's ethnic group, increasing pressure to assimilate and suppress one's heritage identity. Within a sample of Somali young adults (18-30, N = 185) resettled in North America, this study tested whether two acculturation styles (assimilation and integration) longitudinally mediate the relation between discrimination and three mental health outcomes (i.e., anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder), and whether gender moderated these relations. Discrimination had a direct, positive relation with future mental health symptoms for females, which was not mediated by acculturation strategy. By contrast, the association between discrimination and mental health outcomes for males was fully mediated by increased endorsement of assimilation, but not integration. Experiences of marginalization may erode connections to both the Somali community and to the nation of resettlement, which have been identified as particularly strong protective forces within this community. Interventions targeted at the receiving community to reduce the rates of discrimination toward immigrants and refugees and interventions to strengthen youth's sense of belonging in both the predominant culture and their culture of origin may improve transdiagnostic mental health outcomes.
Walking Through Walls: The Effect of Collision-Based Feedback on Affordance Judgments in Augmented Reality

Feedback about actions in augmented reality (AR) is limited and can be ambi due to the nature of interacting with virtual objects. AR devices also have a restricted field of view (FOV), limiting the amount of available visual information that can be used to perform an action or provide feedback during or after an action. We used the Microsoft HoloLens 1 to investigate whether perceptual-motor, collision-based outcome feedback calibrates judgments of whether one can pass through an aperture in AR. Additionally, we manipulated the amount of information available within the FOV by having participants view the aperture at two different distances. Feedback calibrated passing-through judgments at both distances but resulted in an overestimation of the just-passable aperture width. Moreover, the far viewing condition had more overestimation of just-passable aperture width than the near viewing condition.
Concise Review: Mechanotransduction via p190RhoGAP Regulates a Switch Between Cardiomyogenic and Endothelial Lineages in Adult Cardiac Progenitors

Mechanical cues can have pleiotropic influence on stem cell shape, proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis, and are increasingly realized to play an instructive role in regeneration and maintenance of tissue structure and functions. To explore the putative effects of mechanical cues in regeneration of the cardiac tissue, we investigated therapeutically important cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), a heterogeneous patient- or animal-specific cell population containing c-Kit(+) multipotent stem cells. We showed that mechanical cues can instruct c-Kit(+) cell differentiation along two lineages with corresponding morphogenic changes, while also serving to amplify the initial c-Kit(+) subpopulation. In particular, mechanical cues mimicking the structure of myocardial extracellular matrix specify cardiomyogenic fate, while cues mimicking myocardium rigidity specify endothelial fates. Furthermore, we found that these cues dynamically regulate the same molecular species, p190RhoGAP, which then acts through both RhoA-dependent and independent mechanisms. Thus, differential regulation of p190RhoGAP molecule by either mechanical inputs or genetic manipulation can determine lineage type specification. Since human CDCs are already in phase II clinical trials, the potential therapeutic use of mechanical or genetic manipulation of the cell fate could enhance effectiveness of these progenitor cells in cardiac repair, and shed new light on differentiation mechanisms in cardiac and other tissues.
Vincentian Education and the Charism of St. Vincent de Paul

St. Vincent de Paul is a popular saint in the contemporary practice of Catholicism. This article explains why, providing a historical overview of the many influences in Vincent’s life and demonstrating how central Vincentian themes can be incarnated in educational institutions. Vincent’s passion”love of the poor”remains a compelling challenge today.
FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH IN TWO ADVANCED TITANIUM ALLOYS UNDER CONSTANT AND VARIABLE AMPLITUDE LOADING AT 25 AND 175 °C

Fatigue crack growth of β-21S and Ti-62222 in sheet form was investigated under constant and miniTWIST flight spectra loading conditions at 25 and 175 °C. Variable amplitude results were compared with life calculations performed using NASA/FLAGRO software and constant amplitude fatigue crack growth results. Single tensile overloads under constant ΔK were performed to evaluate load interaction effects. Constant amplitude results showed that fatigue crack growth resistance was slightly better for Ti-62222 than β-21S at 25 and 175 °C. The presence of crack closure under various conditions caused moderate shifts in the fatigue crack growth data. Under miniTWIST flight spectra loading, Ti-62222 exhibited a greater extension in life in comparison to the β-21S at elevated temperature, consistent with the NASA/FLAGRO calculations. This was also consistent with the single tensile overloads where 25 °C tests were comparable for both materials, while at 175 °C, delay cycles were greater by a factor of almost three for Ti-62222. Extensive secondary cracking in Ti-62222 at elevated temperature accounted for the extended fatigue lives.
Fine Structure of Brucella suis Spheroplasts.

Abstract Hines, William D. (University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.), Bob A. Freeman, and Gary R. Pearson. Fine structure of Brucella suis spheroplasts. J. Bacteriol. 87:1492–1498. 1964.—Spheroplasts of Brucella suis, prepared by treatment with penicillin and glycine, and normal cells were sectioned and studied by electron microscopy. These spheroplasts differed from the normal cell in that they were greatly expanded and coccoid in shape. The cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane were more easily demonstrated in the spheroplasts. The cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane of normal cells appeared structureless, but in the spheroplasts both were shown to consist of two dark layers sandwiching a lighter layer. The cytoplasm of the spheroplasts was more dilute than that of normal cells and, in the case of glycine-induced spheroplasts, tended to aggregate.
Tracing “Fearbola”: Psychological Predictors of Anxious Responding to the Threat of Ebola

Serious illnesses such as Ebola are often highly publicized in the mass media and can be associated with varying levels of anxiety and compensatory safety behavior (e.g., avoidance of air travel). The present study investigated psychological processes associated with Ebola-related anxiety and safety behaviors during the outbreak in late 2014. Between October 30 and December 3, 2014, which encompassed the peak of concerns and of the media’s attention to this particular outbreak, 107 university students completed a battery of measures assessing fear of Ebola, performance of safety behaviors, factual knowledge of the virus, and psychological variables hypothesized to predict Ebola-related fear. We found that while our sample was generally not very fearful of contracting Ebola, the fear of this disease was correlated with general distress, contamination cognitions, disgust sensitivity, body vigilance, and anxiety sensitivity-related physical concerns. Regression analyses further indicated that anxiety sensitivity related to physical concerns and the tendency to overestimate the severity of contamination were unique predictors of both Ebola fear and associated safety behaviors. Implications for how concerns over serious illness outbreaks can be conceptualized and clinically managed are discussed.
I. Radial Keratotomy Will Always Have a Place.

This set of "Viewpoints" articles examines the relative merits of radial keratotomy (RK), pho- torefractive keratectomy (PRK), and laser assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Drs. Rowsey and Mor- ley review advances in RK techniques, long-term results, and complications, and explain why RK will remain a viable method for correction of moderate myopia, notably its minimal cost. Drs. Steinert and Bafna review both PRK and LASIK, discussing techniques and results and comparing their advantages and disadvantages with each other and with RK. Dr. Dutton, as "Viewpoints" section editor, summarizes clinical, technologic, and economic aspects of all three techniques, concluding that all will find a place among refractive surgeons for some time to come. ( Surv Ophthalmol 43 :147-181, 1998. © 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.)
Assessment of subconjunctival delivery with model ionic permeants and magnetic resonance imaging

Purpose. The objective was to assess the permeation and clearance of model ionic permeants after subconjunctival injection with nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Risk Management in Commodity and Financial Markets

Having been asked to focus upon the problems outside primary agricultural production, and with the additional advantage of our early look at the Barry-Fraser paper, I have chosen to emphasize certain institutional factors in my approach. Recent events have highlighted the transition from institutionalized governmental risk bearing in the commodity sector back to the marketplace, as well as numerous problems and adaptions associated with the transition, including the emergence of a strong international oil cartel, proposals to counter this with other cartels, and a renewed interest in food reserves, as well as international commodity agreements. Concomitant with unsettled commodity prices have been massive disintermediation in the mortgage money market and a serious shrinkage in the availability of private equity capital. Mention of the collapse of real estate investment trusts and of the financial plight of New York City serves only to lengthen the list of horrors from which I must attempt to shrink in some orderly fashion. I shall retreat mainly to the confines of commodity price problems and the organized futures markets to see what has been done or could be done in that area, but I shall also venture a suggestion or two outside the commodity area.
Comments on advanced, time-resolved imaging techniques for free-electron laser experiments

An extensive set of time-resolved imaging experiments has been performed on rf-linac driven free-electron lasers (FELs) over the past few years. These experiments have addressed both micropulse and macropulse timescales on both the charged-particle beam and the wiggler/undulator outputs (spontaneous emission and lasing). A brief review of first measurements on photoinjecter micropulse elongation, submacropulse phase slew in drive lasers, submacropulse wavelength shifts in lasers, etc. is presented. This is followed by discussions of new measurements of 35-MeV electron beam micropulse bunch length (<10 ps) using optical transition radiation, some of the first single bend synchrotron radiation beam profile measurements at gamma <80, and comments on the low-jitter synchroscan streak camera tuner. These techniques will be further developed on the 200-650 MeV linac test stand at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) in the next few years. Such techniques should be adaptable to many of the present FEL designs and to some aspects of the next generation of light sources.