cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Granuloma annulare in patients with malignant lymphoma: Clinicopathologic study of thirteen new cases

Background: Reports of necrobiotic granulomas or granuloma annulare in patients with malignant lymphoma are rare. Objective: Our intent was to determine any unique clinical or histopathologic features in patients with granuloma annulare and lymphoma. Methods: We reviewed the medical records and biopsy material from 13 patients with granuloma annulare and lymphoma. Results: Three patients had Hodgkin's disease and 10 had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The granuloma annulare lesions showed typical histopathologic features. However, the clinical pattern was frequently atypical, with painful lesions in unusual locations including the palms and soles. Three patients displayed granulomatous inflammation in noncutaneous sites, either within the malignant lymphoma or in uninvolved tissues, and all three had atypical clinical presentations of granuloma annulare. Conclusion: Granuloma annulare with atypical clinical presentations may be associated with an underlying hematopoietic malignancy and may be part of a generalized granulomatous reaction to malignant lymphoma.
Adaptive measurement rate allocation for block-based compressed sensing of depth maps

In recent years, compressed sensing (CS) has been used for compressing depth maps for the multi-view video plus depth. In these compression schemes, every block of the depth map is sampled with a fixed non-adaptive sensing matrix and the algorithms are generally incorporated into conventional codecs like H.264/AVC, resulting in high computational complexity both at the encoder and decoder. In this paper, we present a novel block-based CS codec for compressing depth maps that has two major features. First, an adaptive measurement rate allocation algorithm is introduced that computes the measurement rate for each compressively sensed block using ratedistortion optimization (RDO). Second, a simple block classification and frame-differencing module is utilized to reduce encoding complexity while maintaining good RD performance. Simulation results clearly show that the proposed codec has superior rate-distortion (RD) performance in comparison to H.264/AVC Baseline Profile (up to 3 dB gain) and an encoding time reduction of up to 97%.
Imidazolinones as nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists

Abstract A series of biphenyl imidazolinones were synthesized as nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists. While those compounds with a tetrazole functionality were found to be AT 1 selective, those with a sulfonamide moiety showed affinities for both the AT 1 and the AT 2 sites. Representative compounds were very active in lowering blood pressure in conscious renal hypertensive rats following intravenous administration.
Metabolism of physostigmine in mouse liver microsomal incubations studied by liquid chromatography with dual-electrode amperometric detection

The metabolism of physostigmine was studied by its incubation with the microsomal fraction of mouse liver. The metabolites formed were separated by reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography and detected amperometrically by dual electrodes. Two major and six minor metabolites were found. Retention times and electrochemical characteristics were studied for these and compared with the hydrolysed products of physostigmine: eseroline and rubreserine. It can be concluded that none of the major metabolites is identical with these standards, and this is in contradiction to what has previously been assumed. Conjugation reactions of the metabolites with glucuronic acid and glutathione were also attempted, but no indication was found that these reactions take place during microsomal incubation.
On the reduction of many‐body dielectric theories to the Onsager equation

An approximate theory for the dielectric constant e of a dense polar fluid was derived by Ramshaw, Schaefer, Waugh, and Deutch (RSWD). In the present article, the RSWD theory is generalized and made rigorous by another method of derivation. The result is a rigorous expression for e which differs from the RSWD expression by the presence of a fluctuation term. Both the rigorous expression and the RSWD expression are then specialized to the Onsager model. It is found that the rigorous expression for e reduces to the Onsager equation, but that the RSWD expression does not because the fluctuation term is nonzero (and nonnegligible) for the Onsager model. The well‐known discrepancy between the Onsager equation and the theory of Harris and Alder is found to have the same origin.
Solution Scattering Studies of Large Serine Recombinase-DNA Complexes

Large serine recombinase (LSR) proteins are emerging as desirable tools in targeted gene therapy due to their ability to catalyze the integration of any target DNA into a host genome in a highly specific and unidirectional manner. They have long been shown to mediate the integration and long-term expression of target genes in human stem cell and lung and liver cancer cell lines. LSRs consist of a catalytic domain, containing the active site serine, and a large C-terminal domain responsible for DNA binding. The LSR protein recognizes unique attachment sites in the target and host DNA which confer the high specificity of LSR mediated recombination. Based on current models, recombination is completed when two subunits of a tetrameric recombinase complex undergo a 180° rotation, generating new attachment sites that discourage excision of the target DNA. However, there are currently no published structures of a LSR protein alone or bound to DNA to understand the mechanism of this exquisite directionality. We are close to completing the first crystal structure of a LSR bound to DNA which will provide insight into the high specificity of the LSR-DNA interaction. In addition, we have employed small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) techniques to determine low resolution structures of the LSR-DNA complex intermediates from the integration pathway. Detailed structural models of these molecular intermediates are essential in determining how this recombination reaction occurs.
Simulation of the Norwegian Coastal Current in the vicinity of the Halten Bank: comparison with observations and process study of bank-induced meanders

Abstract Results from a high resolution, three-dimensional, real-time simulation of the Norwegian Coastal Current are compared at six current meter moorings deployed during March 1988 in the vicinity of the Halten Bank. The simulation was initialised from a set of fairly arbitrary velocity and density fields. The objectives are to examine (i) how accurately the results reproduce the observed means and variabilities, and (ii) how the dominant flow dynamics may be explained in term of the circulation produced by unstable baroclinic meanders over topography. The simulation reproduces the means fairly well; the rms errors are less than 34% in five of the six moorings for the east/west velocity component, and are less than 32% in three moorings for the north/south component. The agreements in current variabilities are good only at three moorings, for which an averaged rms error of about 22% was obtained. At the other three moorings, the largest errors for the variabilities occur in the subsurface, where energetics are underestimated by as much as 60% or more in the simulation. The discrepancies are most likely due to insufficient vertical resolution, which results in a poor representation of the baroclinic structure, and also due to the smoothed topography used in the simulation. On the other hand, a meander upstream of the Halten Bank on March 26, 1988, is reproduced well by the model. The simulation suggests that the meander is a result of amplification of waves and eddies shed from a smaller bank upstream of the Halten Bank through dynamic instability. A process-oriented simulation has been conducted to support this hypothesis.
Affective communication deficits associated with cerebellar degeneration

The cerebellum has extensive connections with the frontal lobes. Cerebellar injury has been reported to induce frontal-executive cognitive dysfunction and blunting of affect. We examined a patient with idiopathic cerebellar degeneration with impaired family relationships attributed to an “emotional disconnection.” Examination revealed ataxia, dysmetria, and adiadochokinesia more severe on the left and frontal-executive dysfunction; memory and cognitive functions were otherwise normal. Testing of emotional communication included assessments of emotional semantic knowledge, emotional prosody, and emotional facial expressions. Comprehension was normal but expression was severely impaired. Cerebellar dysfunction can cause a defect in facial and prosodic emotional communication.
Early Holocene soil cryoturbation in northeastern USA: Implications for archaeological site formation

Abstract The study of buried soil archives in alluvial settings can be used to characterize floodplain and terrace habitats and complement other paleoenvironmental and archaeological archives. This study examines the early Holocene alluvial paleopedology along the Delaware River Valley in the northeastern USA. Chronological and alluvial stratigraphic data show that a widespread loam alluvial paleosol formed from 10.7 to 9.3 ka, herein referred to as the Jennings Lane Pedocomplex (JLP). The JLP at the Jennings Lane locality along the Delaware River, NJ, is a loam to silt loam soil that formed on mixed alluvium and windblown and/or reworked dust, likely sourced from nearby periglacial fines. This finding supports previous interpretations of late Quaternary dust deposition and reworking in the region. Fragic properties (e.g., firm peds with brittle manner of failure and rapid slaking in water) and cryogenic micromorphological features (lenticular pores, stone jacking and shattered grains) present within the JLP suggest cryoturbation. Soil mass-balance modeling suggests that the strain ( ɛ ) in immobile elements Ti and Zr show a dilation–collapse profile. These data indicate that organic matter and/or dust addition, and freeze-thaw created soil dilation at the JLP paleosurface. Mass-balance additions in Fe, K, and Mg are consistent with illuviated Fe-rich clay coatings present in thin section. The X-ray diffraction results show that these clays are illite, vermiculite, and kaolinite. Paleosol data presented here suggest that the JLP was overprinted by later pedogenic processes during the middle Holocene. τ Ti,Na shows minimal loss throughout much of the profile. Although rapid thaws may have promoted downward translocation of fines, the cold environment impeded base loss through either minimal release of cations from primary minerals or negligible water flux, as suggested by τ Ti,Na profiles and gains in τ Ti,K and τ Ti,Mg . This silt-rich JLP pedofacies experienced minimal chemical depletion over the course of ∼1200–3500 years. This cold-climate weathering coincides with rapid temperature fluctuations (10.5, 9.3, 8.2 ka) during the early Holocene in northeastern USA. This soil cryoturbation evidence has archaeological implications as well. The cryoturbation in this early Holocene pedocomplex suggests that vertical and lateral artifact redistribution is possible. Archaeologists should use caution when interpreting archaeological stratigraphy and intrasite artifact patterns at mid- to high-latitude archaeological sites.
The Influence of Psychological Stress on the Immune Response to Vaccinesa

We compared virus-specific antibody and T-cell responses to influenza virus vaccination in 32 caregivers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and matched control subjects. Caregivers showed a poorer antibody response and virus-specific T-cell response following vaccination compared to the control subjects as measured by fourfold increases in antibody titers to the vaccine and lower levels of virus-induced IL-2 levels in vitro. We performed a second study in which forty-eight medical students were inoculated with a series of three injections of the hepatitis-B (HEP-B) vaccine to coincide with the third day of three, three-day examination blocks. Twelve of the 48 medical students seroconverted after the first injection; these students were characterized by falling into the lower stressed/lower anxiety group of students. Students who reported greater social support and lower anxiety and stress demonstrated a higher antibody response to the vaccine and a more vigorous T-cell response to HEP-B surface antigen at the end of the third examination experience. The differences in antibody and T-cell responses to HEP-B and influenza virus vaccinations provide a demonstration of how stress may be able to alter both the cellular and humoral immune responses to vaccines and novel pathogens in both younger and older adults.
Hypothermia Attenuates β1 Integrin Expression on Neutrophils in an Animal Model of Meningitis

Hypothermia Attenuates β1 Integrin Expression on Neutrophils in an Animal Model of Meningitis
Genetic transformation of Aureobasidium pullulans

Aureobasidium pullulans strain Y117 was transformed to hygromycin resistance using plasmid pDH33, which contains the bacterial hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene (hph) fused to promoter elements of the Aspergillus niger glucoamylase gene (glaA). Southern hybridizations of transformants revealed multiple, integrated copies of the vector. The glaA promoter was not induced by starch in A. pullulans as it is in A. niger; however, the transcriptional start points were the same in both species.
An assessment of the role of liver biopsies in asymptomatic patients with chronic liver test abnormalities.

An assessment of the role of liver biopsies in asymptomatic patients with chronic liver test abnormalities
ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY OF fn IONS AND COMPOUNDS

The electronic structure of the actinides and lanthanides will be reviewed. The assignments of f spectra in the visible and near infra-red regions and the fitting of these spectra to the parameters of a phenomenological Hamiltonian will be discussed. From the wave-functions obtained from this type of analysis magnetic susceptibility data can be calculated. Examples will be given from recent work on Cp3Ln•L (Cp=C5H5, L=base) compounds. Slater and spin-orbit parameters obtained from the analyses of free ion spectra and from the same ion in compounds will be compared.
Emissions of perchloroethylene from dry cleaned fabrics

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate the emissions of perchloroethylene (tetrachloroethylene) from dry cleaned fabrics to determine: (a) how the introduction of fresh dry cleaning into a home affects the indoor concentration of perchloroethylene, and (b) the effectiveness of ‘airing out’ dry cleaned clothes in reducing perchloroethylene emissions. Small chamber tests were conducted to determine perchloroethylene emission characteristics for three fabrics at several air exchange rates. Test house studies were conducted to determine the indoor concentration of perchloroethylene due to the placement of dry cleaned clothing in the house. Based on the study results, and assuming that test conditions were representative of normal dry cleaning and consumer practices, the following conclusions were reached. (1) Emissions from freshly dry cleaned clothing cause elevated levels of perchloroethylene in residences. (2) For the three fabrics tested, ‘airing out’ of dry cleaned clothing by consumers for short time periods (4–8 h) will not be effective in reducing perchloroethylene emissions. (3) Adsorptive surfaces (i.e. sinks) in residences may have a major impact on consumer exposure to perchloroethylene. It is emphasized that these conclusions are based on the results of the study reported. Significant variations in dry cleaning practices and/or in the mix of fabrics and clothing being cleaned could provide different results and conclusions.
Assessing the risk assessment paradigm

Abstract Risk assessment provides an essential framework for organizing, evaluating and characterizing scientific information on the nature and magnitude of hazards from specific chemicals. Such characterization of risk is needed for risk communication and for risk reduction and management. Each element of the risk assessment paradigm — hazard identification, dose-response, exposure analysis and risk characterization — is the target of important efforts to improve methodologies and the biological plausibility and clinical significance of our conclusions.
Catalysis of a Flavoenzyme-Mediated Amide Hydrolysis

A new pyrimidine catabolic pathway (the Rut pathway) was recently discovered in Escherichia coli K12. In this pathway, uracil is converted to 3-hydroxypropionate, ammonia, and carbon dioxide. The seven-gene Rut operon is required for this conversion. Here we demonstrate that the flavoenzyme RutA catalyzes the initial uracil ring-opening reaction to give 3-ureidoacrylate. This reaction, while formally a hydrolysis reaction, proceeds by an oxidative mechanism initiated by the addition of a flavin hydroperoxide to the C4 carbonyl. While peroxide-catalyzed amide hydrolysis has chemical precedent, we are not aware of a prior example of analogous chemistry catalyzed by flavin hydroperoxides. This study further illustrates the extraordinary catalytic versatility of the flavin cofactor.
Liquid chromatography of lanthanide chelates of 1-(p-nitrophenyl)ethylenediamine-N,N,N',N' -tetra-acetic acid.

Abstract Preparation of the chelating agent, 1-( p -nitrophenyl)ethylenediamine- N , N , N ′, N ′-tetra-acetic acid ( p -nitrophenylEDTA), is described in detail. Separation of p -nitrophenylEDTA chelates of ytterbium(III), erbium(III), dysprosium(III) and europium(III) has been achieved by reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography. With spectrophotometric detection at 254 nm, linear responses over about four orders of magnitude were achieved with detection limits ( S / N = 2) of about 0.5 pmole.
The Flawed Basis for FDA Post-Marketing Safety Decisions: The Example of Anti-Depressants and Children

The FDA (February 3, 2005) issued a black box warning that all antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children and adolescents that must be cited in all advertising as well as included in the package insert. Following this, there was a sharp decrease in antidepressant prescriptions for children with uncertain public health impact. The current black box does not claim that these medications increase the risk of completed suicides, although this is the clear implication of the term 'suicidality'. The interpretation by the press is unequivocal that lethal outcomes prompted this action. This review concludes the following: (1) Since no suicide occurred in clinical trials of approximately 4400 children, the analyses relied upon 'suicidality' as a surrogate. (2) The classification of adverse events by the Columbia group necessarily relied on inferences, because the available evidence was not prospectively collected for this purpose. (3) The data analysis relied on a composite variable labeled 'suicidality', an unvalidated, inappropriate surrogate. Specific criticisms of analytic procedures and inferences are presented. The failure of the FDA's post-marketing surveillance system is reviewed. The data necessary for objective evaluations of possible post-marketing harm cannot be gathered by the current process. Proper prospective post-marketing surveillance by linked computerized medical records is a crucial issue that deserves major public and political attention and prompt action. Language: en
&#916;-Y and Y-&#916; transformation for nonlinear networks

For the class of Δ-nonlinear networks which admits of an equivalent Y-nonlinear network representation, explicit procedures are given for determining the voltage-current characteristic curves of the nonlinear resistors in the Y network. These characteristic curves are obtained from the nonlinear transfer-characteristic plots of three associated resistive nonlinear networks.
Uptake of biomedical interventions for prevention of sexually transmitted HIV.

Purpose of the reviewTo examine the population-level effects of introducing and/or expanding biomedical interventions for prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sexually transmitted infections through mathematical modeling.Recent findingsSuccesses of several ground-breaking clinical trials
Stiffness Dependent Separation of Cells in a Microfluidic Device

Rapidly sorting and separating cells are critical for detecting diseases such as cancers and infections and can enable a great number of applications in bio-related science and technology. While a variety of techniques demonstrate separation by physical parameters such as size[1] and mass[2], inexpensive and easy to use methods are needed to separate cells by mechanical compliance. A number of pathophysiological states of individual cells result in drastic changes in stiffness in comparison with healthy counterparts. Mechanical stiffness has been utilized to identify abnormal cell populations in detecting cancer[3–5] and identifying infectious disease[4, 6]. Recently, microfluidic methods were developed to classify and enrich cell populations utilizing mechanical stiffness[7–9]. We demonstrate a new strategy to continuously and non-destructively separate cells into subpopulations of soft and stiff cells. In our microfluidic separation method, we employ a microchannel with the top wall decorated by a periodic array of rigid diagonal ridges (Fig. 1). The gap between the ridges and the bottom channel wall is smaller than the cell diameter, thus the cells are periodically compressed by the ridges. The difference in mechanical resistance to compression of cells gives rise to a stiffness-dependent force associated with cell passage through narrow constrictions formed by the consecutive channel ridges. This elastic force is directed normal to the compressive diagonal ridges and, therefore, deflects cells propelled by the flow in the lateral direction with a rate proportional to their compliance. In this paper, we employ this principle to separate modified lymphoblastic cells with dissimilar mechanical stiffness in high-throughput.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock calculations of dielectronic recombination coefficients for the He isoelectronic sequence.

Dielectronic recombination coefficients for ground-state ions of the He isoelectronic sequence have been calculated for 13 ions, with atomic number 6\ensuremath{\le}Z\ensuremath{\le}42, in the isolated resonance approximation, for temperatures in the range 0.1\ensuremath{\le}T\ensuremath{\le}12 keV. The detailed Auger and radiative rates of the doubly excited states were evaluated by using the multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock model. The behavior of the dielectronic recombination coefficient along the isoelectronic sequence is examined. The effect of relativity drastically alters the dielectronic satellite structure of He-like ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{24+}$ and ${\mathrm{Mo}}^{40+}$. However, the relativistic effect reduces the total dielectronic coefficients for ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{24+}$ by only 10% and 2.5% at T=0.5 and 5 keV, and for ${\mathrm{Mo}}^{40+}$ by 18% and 5% at T=2 and 5 keV, respectively.
The cancer pain role model program of the wisconsin cancer pain initiative

The Cancer Pain Role Model Program was established in 1990 by the Wisconsin Cancer Pain Initiative to train physicians to be role models for appropriate pain management. Community and academic physicians along with their "clinical partners," a nurse or pharmacist, were recruited to attend a 1-day education conference that included lectures, small group workshops, and development of an action plan. A total of 44 physicians and 55 clinical partners have attended two conferences (1990 and 1991). Participants listed 199 activities on their action plans; postconference surveys have documented initiation of 212 projects aimed at educating others, improving clinical care, resource development, educating self, or research. The Cancer Pain Role Model Program appears to be a promising means of transferring cancer pain information, legitimizing cancer pain as an important treatment issue, and institutionalizing cancer pain management.
Red Fraction Among Satellite Galaxies with Disk-like Light Profiles: Evidence for Inflow in the H I Disk

The relationships between color, characterized with respect to the g – r red sequence; stellar structure, as determined using the i-band Sersic index; and group membership are explored using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The new results place novel constraints on theories of galaxy evolution, despite the strong correlation between color and stellar structure. Observed correlations are of three independent types—those based on stellar structure, on the color of disk-like galaxies, and on the color of elliptical galaxies. Of particular note, the fraction of galaxies residing on the red sequence measured among galaxies with disk-like light profiles is enhanced for satellite galaxies compared to central galaxies. This fraction increases with group mass. When these new results are considered, theoretical treatments of galaxy evolution that adopt a gas accretion model centered on the hot galactic halo cannot consistently account for all observations of disk galaxies. The hypothesis is advanced that inflow within the extended H I disk prolongs star formation in satellite galaxies. When combined with partial ram pressure stripping (RPS) of this disk, this new scenario is consistent with the observations. This is demonstrated by applying an analytical model of RPS of the extended H I disk to the SDSS groups. These results motivate incorporating more complex modes of gas accretion into models of galaxy evolution, including cold mode accretion, an improved treatment of gas dynamics within disks, and disk stripping.
On the Mechanisms of Oxidation of Organic Sulfides by H2O2 in Aqueous Solutions

The mechanism of oxidation of organic sulfides in aqueous solutions by hydrogen peroxide was investigated via ab initio calculations. Specifically, two reactions, hydrogen transfer of hydrogen peroxide to form water oxide and the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) by hydrogen peroxide to form dimethyl sulfoxide, were studied as models of these processes in general. Solvent effects are included both via including explicitly water molecules and via the polarizable continuum model. The former was found to have a much more significant effect than the latter. When explicit water molecules are included, a mechanism different from those proposed in the literature was found. Specific interactions including hydrogen bonding with 2-3 water molecules can provide enough stabilization for the charge separation of the activation complex. The energy barrier of the oxidation of DMS by hydrogen peroxide was estimated to be 12.7 kcal/mol, within the experimental range of the oxidation of analogous compounds (10-20 kcal/mol). The major reaction coordinates of the reaction are the breaking of the O-O bond of H2O2 and the formation of the S-O bond, the transfer of hydrogen to the distal oxygen of hydrogen peroxide occurring after the system has passed the transition state. Reaction barriers of the hydrogen transfer of H2O2 are an average of 10 kcal/mol or higher than the reaction barriers of the oxidation of DMS. Therefore, a two-step oxidation mechanism in which, first, the transfer of a hydrogen atom occurs to form water oxide and, second, the transfer of oxygen to the substrate occurs is unlikely to be correct. Our proposed oxidation mechanism does not suggest a pH dependence of oxidation rate within a moderate range around neutral pH (i.e., under conditions in which hydronium and hydroxide ions do not participate directly in the reaction), and it agrees with experimental observations over moderate pH values. Also, without including a protonated solvent molecule, it has activation energies that correspond to measured activation energies.
Conical thin foil x-ray mirror fabrication via surface replication

For the last decade we have been developing conical approximation of the Wolter I type thin foil/shell grazing incidence x-ray mirrors. Several missions have come out of these developments, e.g., BBXRT, and Astro-D (a U.S. - Japanese collaboration now known as ASCA), and Sodart on board SPECTRUM-X-GAMMA in the near future. The spatial resolution of this type of telescope is an order of magnitude worse than the theoretical limit, which hosts a great potential of improving these high throughput and relatively inexpensive x- ray instruments. In summary, x-ray image can be improved by reducing surface roughness and profile error for specularly reflecting x-rays in a better defined direction. The conventional way, coating reflecting surface of substrates with a thin layer of acrylic lacquer, was not effective in smoothing the surface roughness in spatial wavelength longer than a few microns. The profile of the foils was controlled by forming the substrate under certain mechanical pressure and/or combining heat treatment, but very often, the process is detrimental to the surface quality of roughness in millimeter wavelength. We report a new development of using epoxy replication technique on smooth pyrex mandrels. The results show very encouraging improvements over the conventional method. The half power diameter (HPD) of the x-ray image has dropped from 3.5 arcmins to 1.0 arcmin, and the extended image blur, i.e. the tail part of the encircled energy function (EEF), which was attributed to the roughness at higher spatial frequencies, was drastically reduced by 10 times. In this report we summarize the new technique in progress and the direction for future development.
Coordination Mechanisms for a Distribution System with One Supplier and Multiple Retailers

We address a fundamental two-echelon distribution system in which the sales volumes of the retailers are endogenously determined on the basis of known demand functions. Specifically, this paper studies a distribution channel where a supplier distributes a single product to retailers, who in turn sell the product to consumers. The demand in each retail market arrives continuously at a constant rate that is a general decreasing function of the retail price in the market. We have characterized an optimal strategy, maximizing total systemwide profits in a centralized system. We have also shown that the same optimum level of channelwide profits can be achieved in a decentralized system, but only if coordination is achieved via periodically charged, fixed fees, and a nontraditional discount pricing scheme under which the discount given to a retailer is the sum of three discount components based on the retailer's i annual sales volume, ii order quantity, and iii order frequency, respectively. Moreover, we show that no traditional discount scheme, based on order quantities only, suffices to optimize channelwide profits when there are multiple nonidentical retailers. The paper also considers a scenario where the channel members fail to coordinate their decisions and provides numerical examples that illustrate the value of coordination. We extend our results to settings in which the retailers' holding cost rates depend on the wholesale price.
Quantum mechanical description of the interactions between DNA and water.

Abstract In recent years, a lot of attention has been focused on the electronic properties of DNA. With recent advances in linear scaling quantum mechanics there are now new tools available to enhance our understanding of the electronic properties of DNA among other biomolecules. Using both explicit solvent models and implicit (continuum) solvent models, the electronic characteristics of a dodecamer duplex DNA have been fully studied using both divide and conquer (D&C), semi-empirical quantum mechanics and non-D&C semi-empirical quantum mechanics. According to the AM1 Hamiltonian, ∼3.5 electrons (∼0.3 electron/base pair) are transferred from the duplex to the solvent. According to the density of state (DOS) analysis, in vacuo DNA has a band gap of ∼1 eV showing that in the absence of solvent, the DNA may exhibit similar properties to those of a semiconductor. Upon increasing solvation (2.5–5.5 A), the band gap ranges from ∼3 eV to ∼6 eV. For the implicit solvent model, the band gap continues this widening trend to ∼7 eV. Therefore, upon solvation and in the absence of dopants, the DNA should begin to loose its conductive properties. Finally, when one considers the energy and localization of the frontier orbitals (HOMO and LUMO), solvent has a stabilizing effect on the DNA system. The energy of the HOMO drops from ∼15 eV in vacuo to ∼2 eV for 5.5 A of water to ∼−8 eV for the implicit solvent model. Similarly, the LUMO drops from ∼16 eV for in vacuo to ∼9 eV for 5.5 A of water to ∼−1 eV for the implicit model. Beyond the importance of the computed results on the materials properties of DNA, the present work also shows that the behavior of intercalators will be affected by the electronic properties of DNA. This could have an impact on our understanding of how DNA based drugs interact with DNA and on the design of new DNA based small molecule drugs.
Studies on the inhibition of amino acid incorporation into protein by isolated rat liver ribosomes by protein kinase.

Abstract Studies on amino acid incorporation into protein by isolated ribosome-pH 5 enzyme system show that incorporation was inhibited by the addition of protein kinase and cyclic AMP. The inhibition observed was 30, 50 and 70% with 14, 28 and 56 γ of protein kinase, respectively. Added protein kinase also inhibited poly U stimulated amino acid incorporation into protein. This inhibition observed was not due to the decrease in the availability of ATP. Protein kinase had no effect on either the activation of amino acid or the transfer of activated amino acid to soluble RNA. These studies indicate the phosphorylation of the ribosome fraction bringing about the inhibition of amino acid incorporation into proteins.
Moments of random fields and their wavelet transforms

Abstract We extend the concept of wavelet transforms to tempered distributions. Then we treat stochastic processes and random fields as tempered distributions in S ′ ( R ) , the dual space of the space S ( R ) . Using the above theory and the Ito Isometry theorem to stochastic processes and random fields, we find that the expected value of the wavelet transform of the difference of an observed signal process minus the true signal is equal to the wavelet transform of the mean function of the random noise process. Also, we show that the second moment of the wavelet transform of the difference of the observed signal process minus the true signal is equal to the square of the norm of the random noise process in the space L 2 ( R + × Ω ) .
Increased expression of the metastasis-associated gene Ehm2 in prostate cancer

BACKGROUND Alterations of fibroblast growth factors and their receptors contribute to prostate cancer progression by enhancing cell survival, motility, and proliferation. The expression of the FGFR-4 Arg388 variant is correlated with the occurrence of pelvic lymph node metastasis and biochemical (PSA) recurrence in men undergoing radical prostatectomy. Ehm2 is an androgen-regulated gene that has been associated with metastasis in other systems, so we sought to determine if it is expressed in prostate cancer and if the FGFR-4 Arg388 variant can increase its expression. METHODS Expression of Ehm2 was examined by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting in prostate cell lines and by quantitative RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry in prostate tissues. The effect of Ehm2 expression on collagen IV adhesion was tested by transient overexpression and RNA interference. RESULTS Ehm2 expression is upregulated in prostate cancer cell lines and prostate cancer tissues. Expression of the FGFR-4 Arg388 variant results in increased expression of Ehm2. Increased expression of Ehm2 leads to decreased adhesion to collagen IV, which has been associated with metastasis in cancers. Analysis of tissue microarrays revealed that increased Ehm2 expression is associated with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy, which is indicative of more aggressive disease. CONCLUSIONS Ehm2 is overexpressed in prostate cancer and may enhance disease progression and metastasis. Prostate 66: 1641–1652, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Race, International Relations, U.S. Foreign Policy, and the African Liberation Struggle:

The racial issue is becoming a central problem of international relations. Despite the prevailing disregard in international studies, the racial factor can no longer be ignored. Its impact may well revolutionize the field as we come to appreciate how racial stratification dominates the world pattern of state relationships. Unfortunately, disciplined analysis seems to lag behind events. A few prophetic analysts such as W.E.B. Dubois, Richard Wright, and Gunnar Myrdal have identified the significance of color in transnational relationships, but they have been ahead of their times. There has been, however, very little systematic attempt to relate the racial factor to the theory of international relations or to apply a consistent analysis to the problems of international racial conflict and integration (Shepherd, 1970).
Comparison of Experimental Temperature Results With Numerical Modeling Predictions of a Real-World Compact Data Center Facility

In this paper we address the high level of validation of commercially available numerical predictive tools, namely CFD models, for data center applications. Experimental data at a real world facility is compared with computational results. Specifically, a recently developed temperature measurement tool is used to capture three dimensional temperature profiles of the facility with very fine spatial granularity. These detailed contours based on actual measurements reveal hot air recirculation patterns in the room as well as variable utilization levels of the room air-conditioning units. We compare these experimental temperature distributions measured using a novel 3D mapping tool with CFD thermal modeling results. An algorithm for generating CFD models for real world systems is proposed and demonstrated. It is found that due to the extensive inaccuracies in rapidly gathered input data as well as inherent limitations of the model, there can be significant discrepancies between predicted and actual temperatures. In addition to steady state measurements, transient data was also collected and are presented. Knowledge of the transient temperature profiles at different parts of the room allows an estimation of the temporal behavior of the data center. Transient temperature fluctuations are presented which capture the real variations in the system boundary conditions, for example the temperature of the chilled water to the air conditioning units, or the power dissipation of the servers over time.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Challenges of environmental governance in the face of IT industrial dominance: a study of Hsinchu Science-based Industrial Park in Taiwan

The technology explosion of the 1980s coupled with the economic boom of the 1990s, led to the rapid worldwide expansion of the Information Technology (IT) industry. In Taiwan, the Hsinchu Science-based Industrial Park (HSIP) has been viewed as a successful model to promote the high-tech development that led to profitable production and world-wide marketing of high-tech products. The high-tech development, with its 'smokestack free' image, R&D emphasis, and high-profit margins, is often regarded as a 'golden egg' in the region. However, economically successful high-tech parks have had negative environmental impacts on the host communities. The essay explores the dark side of high-tech development. I argue that success of high-tech development has contributed to a unique 'information technology (IT) dominant' structure. In such a structure, the State is in favour of IT promotion while the environmental and health concerns are often overlooked.
Quadratic detectors for noise-immune detection of modulated signals

Quadratic detectors have been shown to have good frequency selectivity, short transient response, and effective noise suppression. We demonstrate how phase shifts in phase-shift-keyed signals are easily detected even in strong background noise, and how short-duration frequency variation can be accurately evaluated. Moreover design constraints of quadratic detectors are discussed and trade-offs are presented. Our simulations showed that the quadratic detector provides a simple method for the detection of phase shifts and frequency shifts in clean or noisy environments. These detectors and the design technique also have general signal processing applications. >
The danger of misinterpreting short-window event study findings in strategic management research: an empirical illustration using horizontal acquisitions

Short-window event studies are popular in the strategic management literature. These studies assume that the market’s initial reaction to strategic events reflects their economic impact in an unbiased manner. This assumption may hold in some cases, but when an event has complex ramifications that are difficult to predict, the initial market response may be biased and/or incomplete. Acquisitions are complex events, suggesting that results from short-window event studies of acquisitions may foster incorrect inferences. Using a sample of horizontal acquisitions, this article shows that the positive initial market response to an acquisition announcement is contradicted by negative long-run post-acquisition returns, suggesting that the initial response is incorrect and that the error is rectified later. Our findings imply that short-window event studies may not accurately capture the economic impact of complex strategic actions, for the interpretation and use of event studies.
A separation of the logarithmic singularity in the exact kernel of the cylinderical antenna integral equation

The well-known logarithmic behavior of the singular "exact" kernel of cylindrical antenna integral equations is explicitly separated. The elliptic integral partitioning of the kernel by Schelkunoff is the point of departure in the development. The result is an expression for the kernel comprising the logarithmic term and a well-behaved economically computable residual term. This result is readily amenable to numerical solutions of integral equations of cylindrical geometries. Numerical results obtained from method-of-moments solutions to cylindrical antennas are given to verify the result.
Day-to-day variation in iron-status indices in healthy men and women

We evaluated the day-to-day variation of four iron-status indices: hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), plasma ferritin (PF), and plasma iron (P1). Finger-prick blood samples were collected for 3 1 consecutive days in 20 healthy men and women. Replicate (r�) and day-to-day (a��) variance compo- nents were estimated. Day-to-day variation in the iron-status measures was similar between men and women except for PF, for which the variation was greater in women. The CVs for a single future determination for Hb, Hct, PF, and P1 were 4.6%, 3.0%, 15.2%, and 26.7% for males and 4.4%, 3.2%, 26.8%, and 29.0% for females, respectively. Three to 10 independent mea- surements are required to accurately determine PF and P1 whereas one is adequate for Hb and Hct. Thus, day-to-day bio- logical variation is a major component ofthe variability in these iron-status indicators and must be considered when assessing iron status. Am J Clin Nutr 199 l;54:729-35.
Active fixation mechanism complicates coronary sinus lead extraction and limits subsequent reimplantation targets.

Implantation of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices is technically challenging and can be limited by lead dislodgement. The Attain Starfix active fixation coronary sinus (CS) lead (model 4195, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) was introduced to reduce the rate of lead dislodgement, but the active fixation mechanism presents additional difficulties should these leads require extraction. CS lead extraction procedures at our institution from 2003 to 2011 were reviewed. Procedural variables were compared between extraction of the Starfix lead and passive fixation CS leads. Attempts at reimplantation post Starfix lead extraction were examined. Four Starfix CS leads were extracted in four patients during this time period. The mean implant duration was 784 days (range, 392–1,029 days). The indication for extraction was infection in all four cases. Mean total procedure time was 141.5 min (range, 92–205 min). None of the fixation lobes could be retracted in one lead and only the most proximal lobes could be retracted in the remaining three leads. All four leads were removed in their entirety. The excimer laser sheath (Spectranetics Laser Sheath II, Spectranetics Corp., Colorado Springs, CO,USA) was required to remove the lead in all 4 cases (100 %) compared to 25 of 131 (19.1 %) of passive fixation CS lead extractions (mean implant duration, 659 ± 697 days) performed at our institution over the same time period (P < 0.001). In three cases, the laser sheath had to be advanced past the CS ostium to remove the Starfix lead. After extraction, fibrous material which had grown between the lobes of the fixation mechanism was noted in all four cases. No complications occurred. Transvenous CS lead reimplantation was attempted at a median of 7.5 days post extraction in all four patients. The original target branch was occluded in three patients and the main CS in one patient. Reimplantation was successful in another branch of the CS in three of four patients; one underwent minimally invasive epicardial lead placement. The Starfix active fixation CS lead presents additional procedural complexity and uniform use of excimer laser sheath compared to other CS leads. Reimplantation was not possible in the same venous branch in our experience.
Middle/Late Pleistocene relative palaeointensity of the geomagnetic field from lacustrine sediments, Lake Chewaucan, western United States

SUMMARY Detailed palaeomagnetic and rock magnetic studies of a 15 m succession of MiddlelLate Pleistocene lacustrine sediments from ancient Lake Chewaucan, southern Oregon, western United States, indicate that the remanence-bearing grains are sufficiently uniform to be applicable to relative palaeointensity studies. We have used ARM, SIRM and x for normalization of the NRM. All three parameters give essentially identical results in their relative stratigraphic variations, which indicates that the normalizations efficiently remove the effects of variation in magnetic mineral concentration. Patterns in grain-size variation, as indicated by small-scale quasi-cyclic fluctuations in hysteresis parameters, may be due to environmental changes such as lake-level variation. However, these fluctuations are within the acceptable range of grain sizes for palaeointensity studies and cannot be correlated with any of the features of the normalized remanence record. We therefore conclude that the large-scale variations in the normalized remanence record are due to geomagnetic palaeointensity fluctuations. Parts of the normalized remanence record, where firm chronological constraints exist, may correlate with features of relative palaeointensity records from deep-sea sediments. Our results also confirm the observation that low geomagnetic field intensities dominate during geomagnetic excursions. Further studies of relative palaeointensity of the geomagnetic field may enable the development of an independent time-scale which would make possible the direct correlation of palaeoclimate records from deep-sea and continental environments.