cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disability, Intersectionality, and Inequity: Life at the Margins

An estimated 61 million Americans have a disability, a number that is likely to continue rising as the population ages. People with disabilities are perhaps the largest underserved population in the United States, experiencing numerous inequities in opportunities for healthy living, health care, and health outcomes. Disability affects people of every race, culture, economic class, gender, age, and geographic location. However, some population groups experience higher prevalence of disability than others. Moreover, these same population groups tend to experience greater health inequities, which may be further compounded by the presence of disability. As the U.S. population becomes increasingly diverse, public health efforts must encompass the full range of that diversity, including the ways in which disability intersects with characteristics such as race and ethnicity, sexual orientation and gender identity, and rural residence.
Rethinking Jury Diversity: A Response to Juan R. Sánchez’s A Plan of Our Own

This is a response to Judge Juan R. Sanchez’s article A Plan of Our Own: The Eastern District of Pennsylvania’s Initiative to Increase Jury Diversity. While some of the policy proposals promoted regarding jury selection are likely beneficial, the rationale Sanchez provides for their support is rooted in harmful racial stereotypes. Furthermore, the evidence presented is insufficient to support the claims of jury diversity benefits.
Creativity amidst standardization: Is creativity related to auditors’ recognition of and responses to fraud risk cues?

Abstract We examine the association between aspects of creativity and auditors’ recognition of and responses to fraud risk cues in the context of trade-offs between creativity and standardization. Based upon a study with practicing auditors, we provide evidence that auditor creativity characteristics and the creativity of the work environment are related to auditors’ recognition of and responses to fraud cues. Auditor creative ideation (the generation of creative ideas), characterized as an improvisational style of thinking, tolerance for unpredictability and uncertainty, and open-mindedness, is associated with responses to perceived fraud risk cues more than fraud cue recognition alone. Beyond the potential to improve audits and financial reporting quality, our findings contribute to theory regarding how creativity is associated with novel idea generation and problem solving among professionals in quantitative business domains. We discuss how an emphasis on standardized audit procedures in response to firm oversight may diminish auditor creativity.
Police Enforcement of Sex Work Criminalization Laws in an "End Demand" City: The Persistence of Quality-of-Life Policing and Seller Arrests

The purported goals of commercial sex work criminalization policies in the United States have shifted over the past two decades as local jurisdictions have adopted End Demand reforms. These reforms aim to refocus arrest from individuals who sell sexual services to buyers and facilitators, representing a departure from the quality-of-life, nuisance-focused approach of the late twentieth century. This article presents a case study examining enforcement of commercial sex laws in Chicago, a city that has been heralded as a leader in End Demand reforms. Our case study utilized annualized arrest statistics from 1998 to 2017 and individual arrest reports (n = 575) from 2015 to 2017. Commercial sex arrests by the Chicago Police Department have declined substantially over the past two decades, falling 98.4% from its peak. However, our analysis suggests that sellers of sexual services continue to face the heaviest burden of arrest (80.5%) and officers generally continue to approach commercial sex as a quality-of-life issue. We argue that this divergence between the goals and implementation of End Demand are the result of three institutional factors: street-level bureaucracy, logics of spatial governmentality, and participatory security. Our results suggest that the ideals of End Demand may be incompatible with the institutional realties of urban policing.
Real and Semi-Real – an Architectural Backstory for Flusser’s Dual Scientific Fictions

Vilem Flusser’s approaches to epistemology and science fiction are explored in connection with the fictionalism of Hans Vaihinger and other late 19th and early 20th century philosophies, as well as using an architectural metaphor of scaffolding and blueprints. From his 1980 essay “Science Fiction” Flusser’s two approaches to science fictions are labeled as 1) a ‘falsification strategy’ and 2) an ‘epistemology of improbability.’ These are further explored as metaphors for architecture and building based on ideas from his “Wittgenstein’s Architecture” in The Shape of Things: a Philosophy of Design and compared and contrasted with visual metaphors of the fantastic in the paper architecture called The Obscure Cities series by Francois Schuiten and Benoit Peeters. Further reinforcing the connection between Flusser’s and Vaihinger’s philosophies, semi-fictions and real fictions are envisioned as a type of new media architecture.
Is Wrist Accelerometry Suitable for Threshold Scoring? A Comparison of Hip-Worn and Wrist-Worn ActiGraph Data in Low-Active Older Adults with Obesity.

Background Hip- and wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometers are widely used in research on physical activity as they offer an objective assessment of movement intensity across the day. Herein we characterize and contrast key structured physical activities and common activities of daily living via accelerometry data collected at the hip and wrist from a sample of community-dwelling older adults. Methods Low-active, older adults with obesity (age 60+ years) were fit with an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist and hip before completing a series of tasks in a randomized order, including sitting/standing, sweeping, folding laundry, stair climbing, ambulation at different intensities, and cycling at different intensities. Participants returned a week later and complete the tasks once again. Vector magnitude counts/second were time-matched during each task and then summarized into counts/minute (CPM). Results Monitors at both wear locations similarly characterized standing, sitting, and ambulatory tasks. A key finding was that light home chores (sweeping, folding laundry) produced higher and more variable CPM values than fast walking via wrist ActiGraph. Regression analyses revealed wrist CPM values were poor predictors of hip CPM values, with devices aligning best during fast walking (R 2=.25) and stair climbing (R 2=.35). Conclusion As older adults spend a considerable portion of their day in non-exercise activities of daily living, researchers should be cautious in the use of simply acceleration thresholds for scoring wrist-worn accelerometer data. Methods for better classifying wrist-worn activity monitor data in older adults are needed.
Anticoagulant Therapy in Patients with Cirrhosis

Recent studies have greatly expanded our understanding of the coagulopathy of cirrhosis. It is clear that cirrhosis patients are at a risk of both bleeding and thrombosis. While prediction of these events remains challenging, cirrhosis patients are not protected from the development of venous and arterial thrombosis. In fact, studies show that hypercoagulability may promote hepatic decompensation and development of fibrosis. Anticoagulation for thrombosis is now becoming a common prospect in many clinical situations. Our understanding of the efficacy and safety of commonly used therapeutics is only beginning to emerge and the risks and benefits remain unclear in this unique population. In this review, we discuss the role of anticoagulation in the treatment and prevention peripheral and splanchnic thrombosis in patients with cirrhosis, as well as examine the potential role of anticoagulants in altering the progression of chronic liver disease.
Radiation exposure from FDG PET patients with multiple same day appointments

592 Objectives Investigate radiation exposure to staff and public from patients leaving the PET facility for other clinic areas. Methods 20 patients with same day appointments after PET were surveyed to determine time spent in various areas as well as for the number and age of accompanying people. 28.7% of patients at our institution have same day appointments with their physiicans and 34% have multiple appointments. Exposure rates were calculated at various distances and time from injection using the accepted dose rate constant to determine potential exposure to others. Survey meter measurements on some patients was used to determine exposure variation as a function of distance. Results 555 MBq FDG at 0.5m for 1 hr begining 95 min postinjection resulted in 0.08 mGy calculated air kerma. Measured results were less,see Table. Patients were frequently in close contact with others for prolonged periods. Waiting rooms with chairs Conclusions Interpreting exposure measurements at ≤1m is challenging since patients do not behave as point sources. At 0.5 m measurements were ~70-80% of expected. While total exposure is well below regulations, simple modifications result in a desirable decrease in exposure. Clinicians could delay appointments and patients could maintain distance from others. Children should not be brought to appointments
Provider adherence to implementation of clinical practice guidelines for neurogenic bowel in adults with spinal cord injury.

Background/Objectives: Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) have been published on a number of topics in spinal cord injury (SCI) medicine. Research in the general medical literature shows that the distribution of CPGs has a minimal effect on physician practice without targeted implementation strategies. The purpose of this study was to determine (a) whether dissemination of an SCI CPG improved the likelihood that patients would receive CPG recommended care and (b) whether adherence to CPG recommendations could be improved through a targeted implementation strategy. Specifically, this study addressed the “Neurogenic Bowel Management in Adults with Spinal Cord Injury” Clinical Practice Guideline published in March 1998 by the Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine
Searching for a Simple Model of Dynamic Capabilities

A fundamental issue for academics and practitioners is to better understand the nature and role of dynamic capabilities. Since dynamic capabilities have been viewed mostly as a “black box,” we first seek to identify, articulate, and propose a simple and measurable model of dynamic capabilities. Drawing upon the dynamic capabilities literature, we identify a set of capabilities - sensing the environment, learning, coordinating, and integrating - that are proposed to reconfigure existing operational capabilities into new ones that better match the environment. Second, to overcome concerns that dynamic capabilities are tautologically linked to performance and are only valuable in turbulent environments, we propose a structural model where dynamic capabilities indirectly affect performance in New Product Development (NPD) groups through the mediating role of operational NPD capabilities. The proposed indirect effect of dynamic capabilities on performance is also proposed to be moderated by environmental turbulence. Data from 180 NPD business units empirically support both the proposed simple model of the nature of dynamic capabilities and the structural model by which dynamic capabilities influence NPD performance through operational NPD capabilities in different levels of environmental turbulence. We discuss the study’s implications for better understanding the nature and role of dynamic capabilities.
Identity in Anthropology

When Erik H. Erikson (for many years the central theorist of identity) wrote about identity, he described it as a kind of consolidation of self, so that when someone achieved her identity, the way she interacted with the world–his or her ability to trust, to work, and to play–was recognized externally by others in a way that was consonant with her own internal understandings. In the closing decades of the twentieth century, that simplicity has been lost. There are at least three reasons for this: the postmodern turn in anthropology and elsewhere in the social sciences; the recent focus on power and agency; and the emergence of what is called ‘identity politics.’ Each takes a somewhat different perspective. Nonetheless, one can say that ‘identity’ is no longer conceived as necessarily unitary, and no longer perceived as a match between inner experience and outer acknowledgment, but as a kind of mastery of multiple narratives of self-presentation.
Purple loosestrife suppresses plant species colonization far more than broad-leaved cattail: experimental evidence with plant community implications.

Summary 1. Dominant plant species, whether native or invasive, often change community composition and cause decreases in diversity. Still invasive species are considered more deleterious to communities than dominant natives, although evidence for this is surprisingly rare. We tested two hypotheses: (i) an exotic invasive species will have greater impacts at the community level than a dominant native and (ii) this deleterious impact will be exacerbated with eutrophication. 2. Both hypotheses were tested by evaluating colonizer success in large, well-replicated experimental monocultures of two dominant and widespread wetland species, invasive purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) and native broad-leaved cattail (Typha latifolia). To facilitate comparisons, we standardized competitive effects by canopy biomass and by light availability beneath the canopy. The latter is a novel approach that accounts directly for resource reductions caused by community dominants. 3. Loosestrife was particularly detrimental to rare species and dramatically reduced colonizer success compared to cattail by nearly all of our metrics, including colonizer biomass (50.2% lower), species richness (34.2% lower), Shannon diversity (35.8% lower) and the proportion of mesocosms that were colonized (38.5% lower). Moreover, 15 of 16 uncommon species failed to colonize loosestrife communities. Graminoids fared poorly in loosestrife monocultures, but forb biomass (predominantly Sagittaria latifolia) was 3.5 times higher there. These results suggest that over time, plant communities under loosestrife canopies will contrast sharply with those under cattail. Contrary to our second hypothesis, fertilization did not exacerbate loosestrife’s ability to suppress colonizers, relative to that of cattail. 4. Canopy biomass and light attenuation were similar for cattail and loosestrife, yet biomass explained little variation in colonizer success. Increasing light availability in the understorey increased colonizer richness and diversity only under cattail canopies, suggesting loosestrife suppresses colonization via below-ground competition while cattail does so via light reduction. 5. Synthesis. Ours is the first study to show that an invasive species suppresses colonizers much more than a dominant native and to identify contrasting mechanisms by which this may occur. Biomass-based comparisons of competitive effects may have limited utility for highly productive dominant species generally, thus our approach also offers a viable new alternative that could be applied broadly.
CONSTRUCTION OF AN EXTENDED NUCLIDIC MASS TABLE

The calculation of cross sections of high energy nuclear reactions requires a fairly accurate table of masses of a large number of unknown nuclides. The best extended nuclidic mass table1 (at the time this work began) included quite a few with deviations between known and calculated masses greater than 1 MeV and ranging up to 6 MeV. Such discrepancies naturally cause one to be suspicious about the values calculated for unknown masses. The following report describes an attempt to construct an extended mass table with very small deviations among the known masses. It is based on a re-examination2–4 of “parabolic systematics”.
Fabrication of SiO2-TiO2 Double Layers Anti-Reflection Coating by Sol-Gel Method and Study of its Optical Properties

An inexpensive and easily adaptable to industry scale method is Sol-Gel used to get a double layer anti-reflection coating thin film from SiO 2/TiO 2 by dip coating technique and we found that the Q H thickness SiO 2/TiO 2 Double layer thin film gets the best results so, we get a reflectance 0.002-0.02 for ultraviolet region, 0-0.04 for visible region, and 0.004-0.04 for Near infra-red region, and it is better than a thin film from SiO 2 mono layer or thin film from TiO 2 mono layer individually.
HIC1 Hypermethylation Is a Late Event in Hematopoietic Neoplasms

HIC1, a candidate tumor suppressor gene on 17p13.3, is hypermethylated and silenced in a large number of solid tumors. To determine its potential role in leukemias, we studied its methylation status in normal and neoplastic hematopoietic cells. We found HIC1 to be unmethylated in peripheral blood cells, bone marrow cells, and CD34+ cells. HIC1 was rarely methylated in newly diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemias (10%) but was relatively frequently methylated in newly diagnosed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (25%), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL; 53%), and chronic-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (50%). By contrast, HIC1 was hypermethylated in 100% of recurrent ALL and 100% of blast crisis chronic myelogenous leukemia. In two patients with ALL for whom paired diagnosis/relapse samples were available, HIC1 was unmethylated at diagnosis but was highly methylated at relapse after a chemotherapy-induced complete remission. HIC1 methylation, therefore, seems to be a progression event in hematopoietic neoplasms.
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II immunostaining is preserved in Alzheimer's disease hippocampal neurons.

Abstract Alterations in protein phosphorylation may be important in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and recent observations suggest that a subset of protein kinase pathways may be selectivel altered. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) is the most abundant protein kinase in the brain and is believed to play an important role in the regulation of synaptic transmission, long-term potentiation and other forms of neuronal platicity. We have now evaluated brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease for chanes in the distribution and density of immunoreactivity for the alpha subunit of CaM kinase II. CaM kinase II immunoreactivity was found in cytoarchitectural areas and neurons vulnerable to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. Over 80% of neurons bearing neurofibrillary tangles expressed CaM kinase II. Loss of CaM kinase II immunoreactivity was found in CA1, commensurate with neuronal loss in this area. Remaining CA1 neurons, however, had preserved CaM kinase II immunoreactivity. Preservation in the distribution and density of CaM kinase II immunoreactivity was observed in other hippocampal regions and in a multimodal association area, area 20. These results suggest CaM kinase II expression in the Alzheimer's disease brain is unaltered despite marked neuropathological changes.
Skin blood flow from gas transport: helium xenon and laser Doppler compared

A study was designed to compare three independent measures of cutaneous blood flow in normal healthy volunteers: xenon-133 washout, helium flux, and laser velocimetry. All measurements were confined to the volar aspect of the forearm. In a large group of subjects we found that helium flux through intact skin changes nonlinearly with the controlled local skin temperature whereas helium flux through stripped skin, which is directly proportional to skin blood flow, changes linearly with cutaneous temperature over the range 33 degrees to 42 degrees. In a second group of six volunteers we compared helium flux through stripped skin to xenon-133 washout (intact skin) at a skin temperature of 33 degrees, and we found an essentially linear relationship between helium flux and xenon measured blood flow. In a third group of subjects we compared helium flux blood flow (stripped skin) to laser doppler velocimetric (LDV) measurements (intact skin) at adjacent skin sites and found a nonlinear increase in the LDV skin blood flow compared to that determined by helium over the same temperature range. A possible explanation for the nonlinear increases of helium flux through intact skin and of LDV output with increasing local skin temperature is that they reflect more than a change in blood flow. They may also reflect physical changes in the stratum corneum, which alters its diffusional resistance to gas flux and its optical characteristics.
Follicle-stimulating hormone regulation of ovarian transcripts for steroidogenesis-related proteins and cell survival, growth and differentiation factors in vitro during early secondary oocyte growth in coho salmon.

Abstract Little is known about follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) function during oocyte growth in fishes. The goal of this study was to gain a fundamental understanding of FSH action on ovarian follicles during early secondary oocyte growth by examining changes in ovarian gene expression and steroidogenesis in response to FSH. Coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) mid to late cortical alveolus stage follicles were incubated with or without salmon FSH in time-course and concentration–response experiments. Steroid levels were determined in the culture medium by immunoassay and levels of target ovarian mRNAs were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Medium estradiol-17β (E2) levels increased in response to FSH and plateaued by 36 h, while testosterone levels increased similarly but were lower and more variable than E2. Gonadotropin receptor transcripts were differentially regulated, with fshr and lhcgr being down- and up- regulated, respectively. Transcripts encoding proteins involved in steroidogenesis, such as star and hsd3b were significantly upregulated by FSH, whereas aromatase ( cyp19a1a ) mRNA was unaffected by FSH and declined over time in culture. A recently identified teleost gene, bmp16 , was suppressed by FSH and an anti-apoptotic factor, clusterin 1 ( clu1 ), was upregulated by FSH. Lesser FSH effects were observed on igf2 , cyp11a1 and cyp17a1 , which were stimulated, and igf1ra , inhbb , amh and apoe , which were suppressed. As evident by the significant increases in steroid production and transcripts for specific steroidogenesis-related proteins, FSH influences steroidogenesis during early secondary growth and may be a critical signal for puberty onset. Effects of FSH on ovarian anti-apoptotic and growth factor genes suggest roles for FSH in cell survival, growth and differentiation in teleosts.
HIV and AIDS in adolescents.

Adolescence is time of dramatic physical emotional cognitive and social change. These transitions impel adolescents into the social and sexual world as independent beings. Unfortunately adolescence also brings new vulnerabilities to HIV infection that require special approaches to treatment and care. This article reviews the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in adolescents; gives guidance on clinical practice including medical and psychosocial care; and examines prevention issues including counseling testing and outreach needed to make programs effective. (authors)
Interactions of metal hydrous oxides with chelating agents. II. α-Fe2O3—low molecular and polymeric hydroxamic acid species☆

Abstract The interactions of a trimeric (DFOB) and a polymeric (P-11) hydroxamic acid derivative (33 hydroxamic acid groups) with well-defined hydrosols consisting of uniform spherical α-Fe 2 O 3 particles were studied as a function of pH and reactant concentrations. It was found that the uptake of the trimer is relatively small and independent of pH for pH values ≤ the isoelectric point of the hematite. The specific amount adsorbed increases for pH ≥ the isoelectric point, especially when the deprotonation of the hydroxamic groups becomes significant. The simultaneous dissolution of iron(III) in the presence of DFOB after 48 hr of equilibration showed a dependence on pH opposite to that of adsorption. A configurational model for the uptake of this trimeric chelating agent is proposed, which is based on the surface properties of the adsorbent as well as on the solution and complexation properties of the adsorbate. This model explains the kinetic data for the observed adsorption and dissolution phenomena. The corresponding interactions of the polymeric chelating agent with the same hematite sol are characterized by high-affinity adsorption isotherms. The specific amounts of P-11 adsorbed were found to be rather high (2.3 mg m −2 at saturation). No dissolution of hematite particles could be detected in the presence of the polymer, although the complex constant and the acid strength of P-11 are comparable to that of the studied trimer.
Proposed Test of a Strange Matter Pulsar by Observation of the Neutrino Flux From Cygnus X-3

Abstract High energy γ's observed from Cygnus X-3 have been explained by assuming that protons emitted by a pulsar are accelerated to 10 17 eV in its polar field and then collide with the atmosphere of its companion star. Recognizing that ν's are produced by this mechanism the IMB and other experimental groups are currently searching for them. It is shown how the hypothesis of the pulsar being strange matter might be tested by observation of the ν flux. Metastable strange droplets stripped from the pulsar (and accelerated) by electrodynamic fields yield ν's, by decay and by collisions with the companion's atmosphere, with qualitatively different details than those produced by the proton collisions. Further, searching is suggested for ν's produced by this decay mechanism from nearby pulsars with no companion in future, large detectors. The decays may be rapid enough to see the pulsar frequency in the neutrino signal.
Mild Persistent Asthma — Polling Results

This new interactive feature focused on the case of a 30-year-old woman with mild persistent asthma. Readers were invited to vote for one of three possible treatment options; more than 6000 readers participated.
DNA reassociation kinetics of closely related species

The kinetics of reassociation of the DNA of three groups of closely related organisms were examined. The laboratory mouse was compared to an Asiatic mouse, whose chromosome number is the same but whose chromosome organization is different. Chinese hamster (2N=22) was compared to Syrian hamster (2N=44), and Haplopappus gracilis (2N=4) was compared to H. ravenit (2N=8). It was found that the most highly repeated DNA fractions of the three comparative sets of organisms differ in their reaction rates. However, these fractions of the related hamsters, haplopappi, and probably the mice, do not differ in the amount of DNA composing the fractions. The intermediately fast reassociating DNA and the unique DNA do not differ between members of related pairs of organisms. The implication of these results is that a short sequence of DNA may be highly copied in one organism, while in a related organism a longer DNA sequence is repeated a fewer number of times, and the total amount of repeated DNA may be the same in both related organisms.
Verbal Autopsy for Neurological Diseases

Verbal autopsy is an interview-based technique to determine the cause distribution of death in a population. The use of verbal autopsy for understanding neurological diseases is crucial to burden of disease analyses in many countries, particularly in locations where civil registration systems are non-functioning or absent. We review the purposes, strengths, and weaknesses in the use of verbal autopsy for neurological diseases.
Conditional Expression of the Androgen Receptor Induces Oncogenic Transformation of the Mouse Prostate

The androgen signaling pathway, mediated through the androgen receptor (AR), is critical in prostate tumorigenesis. However, the precise role of AR in prostate cancer development and progression still remains largely unknown. Specifically, it is unclear whether overexpression of AR is sufficient to induce prostate tumor formation in vivo. Here, we inserted the human AR transgene with a LoxP-stop-loxP (LSL) cassette into the mouse ROSA26 locus, permitting “conditionally” activated AR transgene expression through Cre recombinase-mediated removal of the LSL cassette. By crossing this AR floxed strain with Osr1-Cre (odd skipped related) mice, in which the Osr1 promoter activates at embryonic day 11.5 in urogenital sinus epithelium, we generated a conditional transgenic line, R26hARloxP:Osr1-Cre+. Expression of transgenic AR was detected in both prostatic luminal and basal epithelial cells and is resistant to castration. Approximately one-half of the transgenic mice displayed mouse prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (mPIN) lesions. Intriguingly, four mice (10%) developed prostatic adenocarcinomas, with two demonstrating invasive diseases. Positive immunostaining of transgenic AR protein was observed in the majority of atypical and tumor cells in the mPIN and prostatic adenocarcinomas, providing a link between transgenic AR expression and oncogenic transformation. An increase in Ki67-positive cells appeared in all mPIN and prostatic adenocarcinoma lesions of the mice. Thus, we demonstrated for the first time that conditional activation of transgenic AR expression by Osr1 promoter induces prostate tumor formation in mice. This new AR transgenic mouse line mimics the human disease and can be used for study of prostate tumorigenesis and drug development.
Physical Therapy for Adhesive Capsulitis

Summary Objective To review recent research on the efficacy of physical therapy for patients with adhesive capsulitis. Design Search of Medline and CINAHL databases for studies published between January 1990 and December 2000. Inclusion criteria Non-operative experimental or descriptive research-based outcomes studies of physical therapy. Main outcome measures Methodological quality scoring using 16 predetermined criteria with 100% (16/16) indicating highest quality. Results Quality scores of the 12 studies that met inclusion criteria ranged from 38% to 69% (mean 54%). By design, scores were highest for the reviewed retrospective and randomised controlled studies. Conclusions How efficacious physical therapy is for patients with adhesive capsulitis is uncertain. Reviewed studies suggest that many patients treated with physical therapy benefited from reduced symptoms, increased mobility, and/or functional improvement. However, the lack of rigour and poor standardisation of terminology, methodology, and outcome measurements in these investigations undermines their validity and clinical application. More rigorous investigations are needed to compare the effects and costs of individual physical therapy interventions.
Photovoltaic Effects and Charge Transport Studies in Phycobiliproteins

Phycobiliproteins form highly efficient light absorbing systems in certain algae. We have investigated the charge-transport phenomena in these proteins by analyzing the dark current-voltage and photocurrent characteristics obtained across Au-phycobiliprotein-Au samples. A photovoltaic effect was observed for Au-phycoerythrin-Au sample. At low intensity levels, the photocurrent closely follows Onsager's law of geminate recombination in three dimensions.
On the Incompressible Fluid Limit and the Vortex Motion Law of the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation

The nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLS) has been a fundamental model for understanding vortex motion in superfluids. The vortex motion law has been formally derived on various physical grounds and has been around for almost half a century. We study the nonlinear Schrodinger equation in the incompressible fluid limit on a bounded domain with Dirichlet or Neumann boundary condition. The initial condition contains any finite number of degree ± 1 vortices. We prove that the NLS linear momentum weakly converges to a solution of the incompressible Euler equation away from the vortices. If the initial NLS energy is almost minimizing, we show that the vortex motion obeys the classical Kirchhoff law for fluid point vortices. Similar results hold for the entire plane and periodic cases, and a related complex Ginzburg–Landau equation. We treat as well the semi-classical (WKB) limit of NLS in the presence of vortices. In this limit, sound waves propagate through steady vortices.
Computing in the home: Implications for the provision of government services

Abstract The pending and widespread adoption of computers in the home necessitates that governments view this development and its implication for the delivery of service. It is the contention of this paper that while many potential services may be delivered via home computing devices, there are also significant constraints that must be considered. This paper explores the major types of governmental services that may be delivered and facilitated by computing in the home. The paper then identifies several major constraints that must be considered in the implementation of such services. The constraints fall into five categories: (1) infrastructure, (2) technological constraints, (3) economic constraints, (4) socio-cultural constraints and (5) political constraints. The final section provides guidelines to governmental policy makers.
Mercury isotopic composition of hydrothermal systems in the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field and Guaymas Basin sea-floor rift

Abstract To characterize mercury (Hg) isotopes and isotopic fractionation in hydrothermal systems we analyzed fluid and precipitate samples from hot springs in the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field and vent chimney samples from the Guaymas Basin sea-floor rift. These samples provide an initial indication of the variability in Hg isotopic composition among marine and continental hydrothermal systems that are controlled predominantly by mantle-derived magmas. Fluid samples from Ojo Caliente hot spring in Yellowstone range in δ202Hg from − 1.02‰ to 0.58‰ (± 0.11‰, 2SD) and solid precipitate samples from Guaymas Basin range in δ202Hg from − 0.37‰ to − 0.01‰ (± 0.14‰, 2SD). Fluid samples from Ojo Caliente display mass-dependent fractionation (MDF) of Hg from the vent (δ202Hg = 0.10‰ ± 0.11‰, 2SD) to the end of the outflow channel (δ202Hg = 0.58‰ ± 0.11‰, 2SD) in conjunction with a decrease in Hg concentration from 46.6 pg/g to 20.0 pg/g. Although a small amount of Hg is lost from the fluids due to co-precipitation with siliceous sinter, we infer that the majority of the observed MDF and Hg loss from waters in Ojo Caliente is due to volatilization of Hg0(aq) to Hg0(g) and the preferential loss of Hg with a lower δ202Hg value to the atmosphere. A small amount of mass-independent fractionation (MIF) was observed in all samples from Ojo Caliente (Δ199Hg = 0.13‰ ±1 0.06‰, 2SD) but no significant MIF was measured in the sea-floor rift samples from Guaymas Basin. This study demonstrates that several different hydrothermal processes fractionate Hg isotopes and that Hg isotopes may be used to better understand these processes.
An evaluation of clinical predictors to determine need for rectal temperature measurement in the emergency department.

A cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban emergency department to determine if predictive variables existed that would identify a patient who would be afebrile by oral temperature measurement and febrile by rectal temperature measurement. This study included 366 patients. Five variables studied achieved statistical significance by univariant analysis: mouth breathing (P = .002), respiratory rate (P = .001), supplemental oxygen (P = .009), pulse (P = .0001), and supplemental oxygen via mask (P = .01). Placing these variables in a logistic regression model left two variables that significantly explained the variance of the model: pulse (odds-risk ratio, 1.032/increase in pulse of 1 from 0; 95% confidence interval, 1.020 to 1.039) and mouth breathing (odds-risk ratio, 2.113; 95% confidence interval, 1.41 to 3.43). There was poor linear correlation between oral and rectal temperatures (r = 0.2). If a patient has an unexplained tachycardia and/or is breathing by mouth and is afebrile orally, a rectal temperature measurement should be obtained to determine if fever exists. The results of this study suggest that good linear correlation does not exist between oral and rectal temperature measurements.
The membrane protein PrsS mimics σS in protecting Staphylococcus aureus against cell wall-targeting antibiotics and DNA-damaging agents.

Staphylococcus aureus possesses a lone extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor, σS. In Bacillus subtilis, the ECF sigma factor, σW, is activated through a proteolytic cascade that begins with cleavage of the RsiW anti-sigma factor by a site-1 protease (S1P), PrsW. We have identified a PrsW homologue in S. aureus (termed PrsS) and explored its role in σS regulation. Herein, we demonstrate that although a cognate σS anti-sigma factor currently remains elusive, prsS phenocopies sigS in a wealth of regards. Specifically, prsS expression mimics the upregulation observed for sigS in response to DNA-damaging agents, cell wall-targeting antibiotics and during ex vivo growth in human serum and murine macrophages. prsS mutants also display the same sensitivities of sigS mutants to the DNA-damaging agents methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) and hydrogen peroxide, and the cell wall-targeting antibiotics ampicillin, bacitracin and penicillin-G. These phenotypes appear to be explained by alterations in abundance of proteins involved in drug resistance (Pbp2a, FemB, HmrA) and the response to DNA damage (BmrA, Hpt, Tag). Our findings seem to be mediated by putative proteolytic activity of PrsS, as site-directed mutagenesis of predicted catalytic residues fails to rescue the sensitivity of the mutant to H2O2 and MMS. Finally, a role for PrsS in S. aureus virulence was identified using human and murine models of infection. Collectively, our data indicate that PrsS and σS function in a similar manner, and perhaps mediate virulence and resistance to DNA damage and cell wall-targeting antibiotics, via a common pathway.
Graphene-enhanced phase change materials for thermal management of battery packs

Graphene and few-layer graphene reveal exceptionally high thermal conduction properties, which can be used for thermal management. Here we show that incorporation of graphene and few-layer graphene to the hydrocarbon-based phase change material allows one to increase its thermal conductivity by more than two orders of magnitude while preserving its latent heat storage ability. A combination of the sensible and latent heat storage together with the improved heat conduction results in a composite material with the exceptional thermal management capabilities. We show that the graphene-enhanced phase change material can substantially improve the thermal management of Li-ion and other advanced types o f batteries.
Optimizing Growth and Neurocognitive Development While Minimalizing Metabolic Risk in Preterm Infants

Early aggressive nutrition is associated with improved neurodevelopmental outcomes, and is increasingly becoming the standard of care for preterm infants. Additionally, more rapid growth while in the NICU has been linked to lower risk of abnormal motor and cognitive development. However, as increasing reports of the metabolic consequences of rapid growth in other populations (i.e. appropriately grown and growth-restricted term infants) become available, we must consider the possibility that these negative long-term health outcomes may also affect preterm infants. This becomes especially concerning as studies revealing the prevalence of disproportionate growth and increased adiposity upon discharge from the NICU are published. This article will review the available literature on the impact of nutrition, illness and growth during several different epochs (i.e. first weeks of life, later inpatient weeks and post-discharge) on both neurodevelopmental and metabolic outcomes in preterm infants.
Oriented 2D Covalent Organic Framework Thin Films on Single-Layer Graphene

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), in which molecular building blocks form robust microporous networks, are usually synthesized as insoluble and unprocessable powders. We have grown two-dimensional (2D) COF films on single-layer graphene (SLG) under operationally simple solvothermal conditions. The layered films stack normal to the SLG surface and show improved crystallinity compared with COF powders. We used SLG surfaces supported on copper, silicon carbide, and transparent fused silica (SiO 2 ) substrates, enabling optical spectroscopy of COFs in transmission mode. Three chemically distinct COF films grown on SLG exhibit similar vertical alignment and long-range order, and two of these are of interest for organic electronic devices for which thin-film formation is a prerequisite for characterizing their optoelectronic properties.
Subribosomal particles and the transport of messenger RNA in HeLa cells.

Fractionation of HeLa cell cytoplasm on sucrose gradients confirms the presence of subribosomal particles sedimenting at 45 s and 62 s. When cells are exposed for 30 minutes or less to radioactive uridine, the rapidly labeled RNA of the 45 s particle can be distinguished from ribosomal RNA by its sedimentation coefficient and its high efficiency of hybrid formation with homologous DNA. It is suggested that a complex between messenger RNA and the 45 s subribosomal particle may be the first step in the assembly of polysomes, as well as a mechanism for transporting messenger RNA from nucleus to cytoplasm.
Particle beam liquid chromatography—electron impact mass spectrometry of dyes☆

Abstract A liquid chromatograph was interfaced with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer by means of a particle beam-type interface. The system was used for the analysis and characterization by electron impact mass spectra of a series of commercial dyes. The pure dyes were separated from their impurities with a reversed-phase C18 column using methanol—water as the mobile phase. Detection limits were determined using the system as a single quadrupole mass spectrometer. Sensitivity for dyes was found to be two to three orders of magnitude worse than with thermospray ionization using a wire repeller. Characterization of the azo dyes could be achieved by observing typical fragment ions formed by cleavage of the N—C and C—N bond on either side of the azo linkage and/or cleavage of the N  N double bond with transfer of two hydrogen atoms to form an amine.
Label-free measurement of algal triacylglyceride production using fluorescence hyperspectral imaging.

Abstract Microalgae have been identified as a promising renewable feedstock for production of lipids for feeds and fuels. Current methods for identifying algae strains and growth conditions that support high lipid production require a variety of fluorescent chemical indicators, such as Nile Red and more recently, Bodipy. Despite notable successes using these approaches, chemical indicators exhibit several drawbacks, including non-uniform staining, low lipid specificity, cellular toxicity, and variable permeability based on cell-type, limiting their applicability for high-throughput bioprospecting. In this work, we used in vivo hyperspectral confocal fluorescence microscopy of a variety of potential microalgae production strains ( Nannochloropsis sp., Dunaliella salina , Neochloris oleoabundans , and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ) to identify a label-free method for localizing lipid bodies and quantifying the lipid yield on a single-cell basis. By analyzing endogenous fluorescence from chlorophyll and resonance Raman emission from lipid-solubilized carotenoids we deconvolved pure component emission spectra and generated diffraction limited projections of the lipid bodies and chloroplast organelles, respectively. Applying this imaging method to nutrient depletion time-courses from lab-scale and outdoor cultivation systems revealed an additional autofluorescence spectral component that became more prominent over time, and varied inversely with the chlorophyll intensity, indicative of physiological compromise of the algal cell. This signal could result in false-positives for conventional measurements of lipid accumulation (via spectral overlap with Nile Red), however, the additional spectral feature was found to be useful for classification of lipid enrichment and culture crash conditions in the outdoor cultivation system. Under nutrient deprivation, increases in the lipid fraction of the cellular volume of ~ 500% were observed, as well as a correlated decrease in the chloroplast fraction of the total cellular volume. The results suggest that a membrane recycling mechanism dominates for nutrient deprivation-based lipid accumulation in the microalgae tested.
Territorial Democracy: Caste, Dominance and Electoral Practice in Postcolonial India

This article examines the relationship between caste identities and electoral democracy in India. Drawing from fieldwork in Bihar, I suggest that at the center of what is popularly referred to as “caste politics” is the influence of local relations of dominance and subordination on electoral practice, resulting in what I refer to as “territorial democracy.” The article examines how a politics of caste empowerment has challenged a long history of upper caste hegemony, contributing to a breakdown of state institutions as newly elected lower-caste politicians have clashed with an overwhelmingly upper-caste bureaucracy. The article seeks to demonstrate the radical potentiality of democracy and argues that an ethnographic mapping of the ways in which electoral practice is embedded within local power configurations is necessary in order to understand the dynamics and implications of democracy in the postcolonial world.
Narrative Reasoning and Teacher Development: A Longitudinal Study

ABSTRACTTo illustrate and explore the power of narrative reasoning in teacher development and as a mode of inquiry, three versions of a story of teacher development are presented. Drawn from a nine-year longitudinal case study, each version is analyzed by both authors, interpretations are compared and contrasted, and lessons are drawn for teachers and teacher-education researchers. Two approaches to narrative reasoning are taken, where individual teacher stories are interrogated as data and, as private theories, are compared and contrasted to public theory, in this instance represented by teacher life-cycle research, with the result that both types of theory are enriched and the research relationship strengthened.
Free and bound nucleotides in frog and mammalian muscle

Abstract The Atp of muscle can be separated into three fractions by differential extraction of the powered frozen muscle. A fraction firmly bound to protein, equivalent to 5–6 moles/mole of myosin in bullfrogs, and to more than twice this amount in cats, is considered to act as the bridge between myosin and actin necessary to account for the structure of resting striated muscle shown by the electron microscope. A second fraction is also considered to be protein-bound, but, fairly readily dissociable therefrom. More ATP is found unbound to protein in bullfrog than in cat muscle. The ADP in both species is essentially all protein-bound and is present in an amount equivalent to the 1 mole/mole of F-actin monomer that has been found for the isolated protein. Tetanic contraction of 15 seconds duration does not lead to any significant change in relations between free and bound nucleotide derivatives.
Solute redistribution in dendritic solidification with diffusion in the solid

An investigation of solute redistribution during dendritic solidification with diffusion in the solid has been performed using numerical techniques. The extent of diffusion is characterized by the instantaneous and average diffusion parameters. These parameters are functions of the diffusion Fourier number, the partition ratio and the fraction solid. Numerical results are presented as an approximate model, which is used to predict the average diffusion parameter and calculate the composition of the interdendritic liquid during solidification.