cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The University of Illinois' Graduate School of Library and Information Science at TREC 2013.

The University of Illinois’ Graduate School of Library and Information Science (uiucGSLIS) participated in TREC’s knowledge base acceleration (KBA) track in 2013. Specifically, we submitted runs for the cumulative citation recommendation (CCR) task. CCR is a type of document filtering. The use-case is that our user U is an editor of a node T in a knowledge base such as Wikipedia (for example, the entry for blogger Jamie Parsley (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamie Parsley). Given an incoming stream of documents D,the system must emit a binary route/not-route decision for each document Di in real time. In this case, the binary decision signals whether we should recommend Di to U as a source of information for editing the entity T ’s page. In other words, our goal is to monitor D, signaling to U when we find a document that contains “edit-worthy” information regarding the entity T .
On classical systems and measurements in quantum mechanics

The recent rigorous derivation of the Born rule from the dynamical law of quantum mechanics Allahverdyan et al. (Phys Rep 525:1–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2012.11.001 , 2013) is taken as incentive to reexamine whether quantum mechanics has to be an inherently probabilistic theory. It is shown, as an existence proof, that an alternative perspective on quantum mechanics is possible where the fundamental ontological element, the ket, is not probabilistic in nature and in which the Born rule can also be derived from the dynamics. The probabilistic phenomenology of quantum mechanics follows from a new definition of statistical state in the form of a probability measure on the Hilbert space of kets that is a replacement for the von Neumann statistical operator to address the lack of uniqueness in recovering the pure states included in mixed states, as was pointed out by Schrodinger. From the statistical state of a quantum system, classical variables are defined as collective variables with negligible dispersion. In this framework, classical variables can be chosen to define a derived classical system that obeys, by Ehrenfest’s theorem, the laws of classical mechanics and that describes the macroscopic behavior of the quantum system. The Born rule is derived from the dynamics of the statistical state of the quantum system composed of the observed system interacting with the measurement system and the role of the derived classical system in the process is exhibited. The approach suggests to formulate physical systems in second quantization in terms of local quantum fields to ensure conceptually equivalent treatment of space and time. A real double-slit experiment, as opposed to a thought experiment, is studied in detail to illustrate the measurement process.
Introduction: Scorpions in the Mind

After introducing the figure of the scorpion ringed by fire, chasing its own tail and killing itself, as a Romantic metaphor for obsession, this chapter sets up the book’s argument: that obsession became pathologized during the Romantic era. It details the history of obsession, beginning with earlier notions of demonic possession, then moving into Romantic-era proto-psychology, a field characterized by an interest in materialism: the brain as mind. The chapter details many of the thinkers and ideologies featured throughout the book, namely David Hartley’s theory of association, Spurzheim and Gall’s phrenological theories, and Etienne Esquirol’s categories of lypemania, demonic possession, and, most importantly for this book, monomania, a term coined during the Romantic era.
Income Inequality, HIV Stigma, and Preventing HIV Disease Progression in Rural Communities

Antiretroviral therapies (ART) suppress HIV replication, thereby preventing HIV disease progression and potentially preventing HIV transmission. However, there remain significant health disparities among people living with HIV, particularly for women living in impoverished rural areas. A significant contributing factor to HIV-related disparities is a stigma. And yet, the relative contributions of stigma, gender, socio-economics, and geography in relation to health outcomes are understudied. We examined the associations of internalized stigma and enacted stigma with community-level income inequality and HIV viral suppression-the hallmark of successful ART-among 124 men and 74 women receiving care from a publicly funded HIV clinic serving rural areas with high-HIV prevalence in the southeastern US. Participants provided informed consent, completed computerized interviews, and provided access to their medical records. Gini index was collected at the census tract level to estimate community-level income inequality. Individual-level and multilevel models controlled for point distance that patients lived from the clinic and quality of life, and included participant gender as a moderator. We found that for women, income inequality, internalized stigma, and enacted stigma were significantly associated with HIV suppression. For men, there were no significant associations between viral suppression and model variables. The null findings for men are consistent with gender-based health disparities and suggest the need for gender-tailored prevention interventions to improve the health of people living with HIV in rural areas. Results confirm and help to explain previous research on the impact of HIV stigma and income inequality among people living with HIV in rural settings.
Progress in Foreign Body Extractors

It has been reported that over 80% of the trauma cases involving penetrating injuries are caused by magnetic foreign bodies (1). Surprisingly for the past 10 years, the surgical removal of intraocular foreign bodies has been mostly performed with specialized forceps rather than electromagnets. Before presenting a new modality, I believe it is important to analyse the recent advances made with the others.
Triggering behavior changes with information and incentives: An active traffic and demand management-oriented review

Abstract Traditionally, methods to reduce traffic congestion have been focused on the capacity side. An increasingly popular approach is to look at issues from the demand side to trigger travel behavior changes, so as to achieve a better balance between the need to travel a particular route at a particular time and the capacity of available facilities which is defined by FHWA as active traffic and demand management strategy (ATDM). The provisions of dynamic traffic information and incentives are two most commonly seen methods to effectively influence people's travel behavior. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive and in-depth review of the research work that focuses on triggering travel behavior changes with the provisions of dynamic traffic information and incentives via Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Real-world system developments and current practices in adjusting travel behaviors will be summarized first, followed by the review of various behavior change aspects, including departure time choice behavior, route choice behavior, mode choice behavior and destination choice behavior. Driving behavior, which is a densely populated topic is also reviewed and summarized. The reviewed studies are summarized and compared at the end of each corresponding section.
Experimental measurement of oxygen mass transfer and bubble size distribution in an air–water multiphase Taylor–Couette vortex bioreactor

Abstract Experimental measurements of the volumetric liquid mass transfer and bubble size distribution in a vertically oriented semi-batch gas–liquid Taylor–Couette vortex reactor with radius ratio η = ri/ro = 0.75 and aspect ratio Γ = h/(ro − ri) = 40 were performed, and the results are presented for axial and azimuthal Reynolds number ranges of Rea = 11.9–143 and ReΘ = 0–3.5 × 104, respectively. Based on these data, power-law correlations are presented for the dimensionless Sauter mean diameter, bubble size distribution, bubble ellipticity, and volumetric mass transfer coefficient in terms of relevant parameters including the axial and azimuthal Reynolds numbers. The interaction between wall-driven Taylor vortices and the axial passage of buoyancy-driven gas bubbles leads to significantly different dependencies of the mass transfer coefficient on important operating parameters such as inner cylinder angular velocity and axial superficial gas velocity than has been observed in horizontally oriented gas–liquid Taylor vortex reactors. In general, the volumetric mass transfer coefficients in vertical Taylor vortex reactors have a weaker dependence upon both the axial and azimuthal Reynolds numbers and are smaller in magnitude than those observed in horizontal Taylor vortex reactors or in stirred tank reactors. These findings can be explained by differences in the size and spatial distribution of gas bubbles in the vertically oriented reactor in comparison with the other systems.
Simple Phenolic Acids in Soil Culture II: Biological Processes in Soil

This chapter describes how biological processes such as microbial utilization and root and/or mycorrhizal uptake may influence the available (reversibly sorbed and free) phenolic acids in Cecil and Portsmouth A and B horizon soil and soil-sand systems.
DIRECTIONAL TRANSPORT OF VIRAL GLYCOPROTEINS IN POLARIZED EPITHELIAL CELLS

ABSTRACT In the MDCK line of canine kidney cells, influenza virus assembly has been observed to occur exclusively at the apical surface, whereas formation of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) occurs only at basolateral membranes, beneath tight junctions. These junctional complexes prevent antiviral antibody from penetrating to the site of VSV maturation; as a consequence, VSV plaque formation in MDCK cells is not prevented by including neutralizing antibody in the agar overlay. Despite the restriction of influenza and VSV assembly sites to distinct membrane domains, MDCK cells doubly infected with both viruses yield a high proportion of VSV particles containing influenza viral glycoproteins in their envelopes. However, the formation of such particles lags behind that of wild type VSV, and occurs predominantly after the first detectable cytopathic effects in the monolayer. Examination of thin section of doubly infected cells revealed that polarity of maturation sites was maintained for both viruses until later times post-infection, when destruction of junctional complexes was evident. These results indicate that directional transport of viral glycoproteins to distinct membrane domains continues in doubly infected MDCK cells. At later times post infection, cytopathic effects lead to disappearance of the junctional complexes which separate the apical and basolateral membrane Fig. 8, ctd. glycoproteins. Possibly, since the G protein is restricted to the membrane of the dilated Golgi, budding of VSV virions may occur at this site. (B) Influenza virus glycoproteins are also thought to be transported from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane by transport vesicles. Monensin treatment results in the dilation of the Golgi elements. However, transport of influenza virus glycoproteins continues to occur, probably in transport vesicles whose formation is resistant to monensin.
CHAPTER 50 – Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and the Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome

The combination of thrombocytopenia, hemolysis, and erythrocyte fragmentation (schistocytosis) is characteristic of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Systemic (in TTP) or predominantly renal (in HUS) microvascular occlusions are the essential pathophysiologic events in these disorders; consequently, the entities are often called “thrombotic microangiopathies.”
Standing electric scooter injuries: Impact on a community.

Abstract Background This study investigates the impact of standing electric scooter-related injuries within an entire integrated hospital system. Methods We performed a retrospective review of patients involved in standing electric scooter incidents presenting throughout an urban hospital network over a 10 month period. Rates of Google searches of scooter-related terms performed locally were used as a surrogate for ride frequency. Injury, mechanism, and cost data were analyzed. Results Data on 248 patients were reviewed. Twenty-three (9%) were under 18 years old. Loss of balance was the most common cause of injury accounting for nearly half, while tripping over a scooter 14 (6%) affected the elderly disproportionately. Eight (3%) riders wore helmets. All TBI and closed head injuries occurred in unhelmeted patients. Most incidents occurred in the street, only one in a bicycle lane. Facilities costs were greater for patients under the influence of alcohol and marijuana. Conclusion Policies related to the use of mandated safety equipment, dedicated bicycle lanes, and the proper storage of empty vehicles should be further investigated.
Contribution of Phages to Group A Streptococcus Genetic Diversity and Pathogenesis

The majority of research conducted in the field of streptococcal phages has concentrated on group A Streptococcus (GAS) phages. Therefore, the majority of this chapter reviews GAS phages. However, when pertinent, the chapter also discusses phages from group C Streptococcus (GCS) and group G Streptococcus (GGS). The results of comparative genomics described in this chapter have led to two predictions regarding the acquisition of phage-encoded virulence factors and GAS pathogenesis. First, it is the particular array of phage-encoded virulence factors, rather than simply the presence or absence of a single phage-encoded virulence factor, that significantly affects GAS pathogenesis by promoting the colonization of new hosts or the occupation of new biologic niches. Second, the complex pathogenesis of GAS is related to polylysogeny. Importantly, the genome sequences identified previously unknown phages and phage-encoded virulence factors, thereby raising the possibility that sequencing the genomes of additional GAS strains associated with specific clinical syndromes may identify additional novel phage-encoded virulence factors. Toxins and other virulence factors encoded by GAS phages can be divided into two main groups, including pyrogenic toxin superantigens (PTSAgs) and non-PTSAgs. It is well known that GAS prophages encode extracellular proteins that interact with the host during infection and contribute to pathogenesis. Only recently has the significant link between phage biology, genome diversity, and streptococcal pathogenesis been fully appreciated. Continued investigations of streptococcal phage biology will undoubtedly reveal additional significant contributions that these mobile genetic elements have in bacterial pathogenesis and human disease.
Photosynthesis on the Ultrafast Time Scale within the Confinements of Quantum Nanostructured Photosystems

Fundamental information on the behavior of excited chlorophyll molecules packed within the confinements of nanosized photosystems I and II, following absorption of light, is presented. Using a 100 femtosecond laser with nanojoule (nJ) pulse energy and a one picosecond streak camera, we observed the light emitted from the nanostructured photosystems without oscillations or hops. The fluorescent exponential decay profiles and high efficiency within the nanostructure suggest that light coherently drains out as a unit. This implies that "quantumness" is linked to quantum confinement on the nano scale.
Joint Doppler Frequency and Direction of Arrival Estimation for TDM MIMO Automotive Radars

This paper considers a novel approach to joint estimation of the velocity (or Doppler frequency) and Direction of Arrival (DOA) of targets by time division multiplexing (TDM) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radars in automotive applications. The TDM MIMO radars create orthogonal probing signals (in time domain) by allocating a transmitter to a separate time slot. In this paper, we consider a standard TDM MIMO radar to be the one where transmitters are activated sequentially according to their natural spatial order. The drawback of the standard TDM MIMO approach is the coupling of velocity and DOA information of the targets. The coupling reduces the unambiguous estimation interval of the Doppler frequencies of the targets by the number of transmit antennas being multiplexed. In this paper, we propose a novel cost function to jointly estimate both the Doppler frequency and the DOA of each target by reinstating the reduced unambiguous Doppler spectrum interval. Our approach is generally applicable to solve the Doppler ambiguity problems associated with any colocated standard TDM MIMO radar. To confirm this, we present the simulation results that evaluate the performances of two widely deployed TDM MIMO radar antenna configurations: non-overlapped and overlapped arrays. Moreover, we derive the analytical expressions to study the statistical performance of the proposed method. The simulation examples are presented to verify the performance of the proposed method as well as the accuracy of the analytical expressions.
Body representation among adults with phantom limb pain: Results from a foot identification task

BACKGROUND Impaired body representation (i.e. disrupted body awareness or perception) may be a critical, but understudied, factor underlying phantom limb pain (PLP). This cross-sectional study investigated whether adults with lower-limb loss (LLL) and PLP demonstrate impaired body representation as compared to Pain-Free peers with and without LLL. METHODS Participants (n = 41 adults with PLP, n = 27 Pain-Free peers with LLL, n = 39 Controls with intact limbs) completed an online foot identification task. Participants judged whether randomized images depicted left or right feet (i.e. left-right discrimination) as quickly as possible without limb movement. Using two Generalized Estimating Equations, effects of group, image characteristics (i.e. side, foot type, view, angle) and trial block (i.e. 1-4) were evaluated, with task response time and accuracy as dependent variables (a ≤ 0.050). RESULTS Adults with PLP demonstrated slower and less accurate performance as compared to Controls with intact limbs (p = 0.018) but performed similarly to Pain-Free peers with LLL (p = 0.394). Significant three-way interactions of group, view and angle indicated between-group differences were greatest for dorsal-view images, but smaller and angle-dependent for plantar-view images. While all groups demonstrated significant response time improvements across blocks, improvements were greatest among adults with PLP, who also reported significant reductions in pain intensity. CONCLUSIONS Adults with PLP demonstrate body representation impairments as compared to Controls with intact limbs. Body representation impairments, however, may not be unique to PLP, given similar performance between adults with and without PLP following LLL. SIGNIFICANCE Following lower-limb loss, adults with phantom limb pain (PLP) demonstrate impaired body representation as compared to Controls with intact limbs, evidenced by slower response times and reduced accuracy when completing a task requiring mental rotation. Importantly, 80% of participants with pre-task PLP reported reduced pain intensity during the task, providing compelling evidence for future investigations into whether imagery-based, mind-body interventions have positive effects on PLP.
Intra-Peritoneal Pseudocyst as a Rare Complication After Peritoneal Dialysis: The Use of a Staged Surgical Approach in Management

Despite its numerous benefits, peritoneal dialysis (PD) can rarely result in dangerous and even life-threatening complications, including peritonitis, hernias, encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (E...
Open Challenges to Nuclear Physics Resulting from the Neutron Star Merger

Long before Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) disrupted every aspect of our lives and global interactions, we thought perhaps that the observations of the “ri...
Signal Estimation in Continuous Time

In Chapter VI we treated the problem of signal detection with continuous-time observations. In this chapter we consider the problem of signal estimation in continuous time. We treat three basic problems: parameter estimation for signals of known form (up to a set of unknown parameters) observed in additive Gaussian noise; linear/Gaussian estimation in which either we assume that the signals and noise of interest are Gaussian processes or we restrict attention to linear estimators; and nonlinear filtering, in which we derive estimators for non-Gaussian random signals generated by nonlinear differential equations when observed in additive Gaussian noise. In all cases, we consider primarily the case of white Gaussian noise, although as we have seen in Chapter VI, other Gaussian noise models can be transformed to this model, so that these results are more general.
A complete translation and rotation invariant algorithm for pattern recognition

This paper introduces a new complete translation and rotation invariant algorithm. Applying this algorithm to a target image produces two transformed images which are invariant under translation and rotation to the original target image. This algorithm is complete; that is, the object in the original image can be completely recovered from the resultant images except for its position and orientation. The algorithm begins by taking a two dimensional Fourier transform of the target image, resulting in two 2-D images: the Fourier phase and magnitude. The Fourier magnitude is translation invariant. In order to make the magnitude also be rotation invariant, a circular Fourier transform is taken. Applying the TR-Taylor invariant operation to the resultant image produces the first translation and rotation invariant image. Under the Hessian-Taylor invariant, the phase image is transformed into a Hessian matrix which is translation invariant. A complete derivation of the algorithm leading to the final invariant images is given. Simulations applying the algorithm to test images are shown. >
Optical spectroscopy of single trions

Summary form only given. We observed distinctive signatures in the magneto-optical fine structure spectra of singly charged and uncharged QDs. We show that in the absence of a magnetic field the photoluminescence spectrum is characterized by two predominant transitions that we identify as exciton and trion singlet recombination transitions. As the temperature is increased several lines rapidly decrease in intensity. By 30 K all lines related to the trion disappear. This effect is due to the ionization of one of the electrons from the three-particle trion system.
BĪJA-corrections in Indian astronomy

La methode de correction de la longitude moyenne des mouvements planetaires utilisee en Inde au Moyen Age est determinee, en montrant le role des observations des astronomes
Using genetic algorithms for sparse distributed memory initialization

We describe the use of genetic algorithms to initialize a set of hard locations that constitutes the storage space of Sparse Distributed Memory (SDM). SDM is an associative memory technique that uses binary spaces, and relies on close memory items tending to be clustered together, with some level of abstraction. An important factor in the physical implementation of SDM is how many hard locations are used, which greatly affects the memory capacity. It is also dependent on the dimension of the binary space used. For the SDM system to function appropriately, the hard locations should be uniformly distributed over the binary space. We represented a set of hard locations of SDM as population members, and employed GA to search for the best (fittest) distribution of hard locations over the vast binary space. Accordingly, fitness is based on how far each hard location is from all other hard locations, which measures the uniformity of the distribution. The preliminary results are very promising, with the GA significantly outperforming random initialization used in most existing SDM implementations. This use of GA, which is similar to the Michigan approach, differs from the standard approach in that the object of the search is the entire population.
Dos nuevas especies del género Ardisia Sw. (Myrsinaceae) de la provincia florística Chocoana de Colombia

Two new species of Ardisia Swartz, A. aguirreana Pipoly, a A. monsalveae Pipoly, both from the Choco floristic province of Colombia, are decribed, ilustrated, and their phylogenetic relationships atea discussed.
The empirical base of linguistics: Grammaticality judgments and linguistic methodology. Carson T. Schütze. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996. Pp. 212.

This book by Carson Schutze poses an important question. Are grammaticality judgments a reliable source of data for linguistic theories? Grammaticality judgments, reliable or not, have been the main, and most often the only, source of data in linguistic theory for many years. “‘Because many of the relevant structures are fairly complex and simply might not arise in the normal course of conversation, or during observation by an experimenter' (White, 1989, p. 58), UG [Universal Grammar] researchers have generally relied on some form of grammaticality judgment (GJ) task” (Katrien & Lantolf, 1992, p. 32). Katrien and Lantolf (1992) pointed out that with this task linguists try to draw on speakers' intuitions about their competence. Grammaticality judgments consist of questions about whether a sentence is grammatical according to native speakers. Most often, the native speaker is the linguist her- or himself as the only subject. Not only can bias exist when linguists are the source of data for her or his own theories, but also relying on the intuitions of only one speaker limits the credibility of the theory. When more than one speaker is queried, it has been shown that consistency is not always guaranteed: variation among and within speakers is a common feature in judgments (Mohan, 1977; Snow & Meijer, 1977). Idiosyncrasies of the subjects, presentation of the material, and experimenter's procedure are among the factors that contribute to this variation in judgments. An underlying problem in linguistic theorizing comes from the fact that linguists are normally not “trained in methods for getting reliable data” (p. 4). All this results in theories that are not adequately supported. Nonetheless, they are used as a springboard for new theories. Schutze provides linguists with answers to the following questions. What information about language can grammaticality judgments offer? What factors affect the form of these judgments? What can be done to make the best use of these judgments?
On the classification of quadratic forms over semilocal rings

Abstract Let R be a commutative semilocal ring in which 2 is a unit. It is further assumed that either R has no residue fields with 5 or fewer elements, or squares of units may be lifted modulo the Jacobson radical of R . Generalizing a theorem of Elman and Lam, it is proved that quadratic forms over R are characterized by their Hasse invariant, determinant and rank iff I 3 ( R ) = 0, where I ( R ) is the ideal generated by forms of even rank in the Witt ring of R .
Downslope Transport Of Metalliferous Sediments Along The East Pacific Rise During The Late Miocene

The distribution of metalliferous sediments next to active spreading centres has scientific and economic interest1. Although metal-rich waters emanating from active hydrothermal vents have been traced in intermediate level water masses far beyond the ridge crest2, the greatest concentrations of metal oxides in sediments occur near the vents3. There, however, it is conceivable that the oxides may be redistributed and possibly further concentrated by redeposition, resulting in misconceptions of the age and relative timing of hydrothermal pulses. Here, we document microfossil evidence of stratigraphical inversion and redeposition of Upper Miocene (Messinian) sediments cored at Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 599 on the East Pacific Rise (EPR). This suggests that where reworking can be confirmed, care should be taken not to correlate directly the occurrences of the metalliferous sediments with apparent coeval pulses of hydrothermal activity or enhanced sea-floor spreading rates.
Will Private Health Insurance Make the Distribution of Public Health Subsidies More Equal? The Case of India

This paper assesses the impact of the entry of private players in the health insurance market on the size of the insurance market and the distribution of public health subsidies on health care provision in India. Simulation results presented in the paper suggest that the redistributive effect is small when richer groups have privileged access to public facilities.
Fissidens grandifrons: a possible explanation for the rarity of sporophytes

Perigonia are described for the first time in Fissidens grandifrons Brid. A possible explanation for the rarity of sporo- phytes in this species, the result of perigonial and perichaetial plants separated in different mats, is presented. Sexual reproduction in F. grandifrons is compared with that of F. perdecurrens Besch. and F. ventricosus Lesq. The peristome of F. perdecurrens is described for the first time.
Stochastic profiling of transcriptional regulatory heterogeneities in tissues, tumors and cultured cells

Single-cell variations in gene and protein expression are important during development and disease. Such cell-to-cell heterogeneities can be directly inspected one cell at a time, but global methods are usually not sensitive enough to work with the starting material of a single cell. Here we provide a detailed protocol for stochastic profiling, a method that infers single-cell regulatory heterogeneities by repeatedly sampling small collections of cells selected at random. Repeated stochastic sampling is performed by laser-capture microdissection or limiting dilution, followed by careful exponential cDNA amplification, hybridization to microarrays and statistical analysis. Stochastic profiling surveys the transcriptome for programs that are heterogeneously regulated among cellular subpopulations in their native tissue context. The protocol is readily optimized for specific biological applications and takes about 1 week to complete.
Back to the Future? Senior Federal Executives in the United States

Based on findings from the 1970s, research literature on senior government executives emphasized a growing integration of politics and administration. This integration was reflected in what we called the “Image IV” bureaucrat wherein political role traits combined with those of traditional bureaucratic ones. Although this was by no means a dominant trend, we were led to speculate that traditional divisions between political and bureaucratic roles were eroding. Data gathered from the 1980s and 1990s, however, lead us to infer that divisions between political and bureaucratic roles have reasserted themselves and that integration between them is being diminished rather than strengthened. We conclude that this may be because in an era of governmental austerity the demand for executive policy entrepreneurs has slackened while the political needs have shifted to those of managerial control over an inertial or even contracting state.
Anxiety, Prospective Remembering, and Performance of Planned Actions

This study contrasted two models of prospective remembering: i.e., remembering in the future to perform an action that has been planned. High anxiety or discomfort is predicted by the first model to be associated with forgetting, and by the second model to be associated with remembering but not performing. Questionnaire data from 73 male and female college students support the second model (p < .01). For planned actions that were forgotten, there was an inverse relationship between importance and comfortableness (p < .01). Prospective remembering may be facilitated by reducing potential conflict between the importance and comfortableness of a planned action, involving other persons, and utilizing external retrieval cues.
The valence of copper in LaCuO3: An x-ray absorption study

Abstract The simplest member of the family of the perovskite-structured, Cu-based high- temperature superconductors is the rhombohedrally-distored LaCuO 3 . Formal valence rules would assign the trivalent state to Cu. The X-ray near-edge structure of LaCuO 3 has been studied around the copper K-edge at 8979 eV to confirm this Cu valency, using standard compounds for reference. As with La 2 CuO 4 and YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−y , the Cu in LaCuO 3 was found to be divalent in character.
The Effect of Damping on Dynamic Snap-Through

Dynamic snap-through criteria are compared for an impulsively loaded shallow circular arch modeled as a Kelvin-Voigt material. The Budinasky-Roth criterion is used in conjunction with direct numerical integration of an approximate set of motion equations to obtain critical magnitudes of the load as a function of small viscous damping and the spatial distribution of the load. These critical magnitudes are compared to a lower bound estimate which is independent of the load distribution and damping. This lower bound is a stability-sufficiency condition formulated by Hsu. The presence of small damping significantly increases the critical magnitudes with respect to the undamped results for non-symmetric loading, and thus indicates the conservative nature of the lower bound.
Employment opportunity through tourism

Tourism generating areas provide employment for thousands with the outlook for future growth surpassing all estimates. To create jobs and to increase the influx of tourists, promotion of the sociocultural aspects of tourism are of prime importance. New York in its advertising campaign «I love New York», provided a $ 491 million boom in travel earnings with some $ 60 million added to the state's treasury in taxes. Not a bad return ([5] : 1).
Probabilistic modeling of chloride-induced corrosion in concrete structures using first- and second-order reliability methods

Abstract Concrete structures are subjected to chloride-induced corrosion that can lead to shortened service life. Reliable predictions of life cycle performance of concrete structures are critical to the optimization of their life cycle design and maintenance to minimize their life cycle costs. This paper presents two simplified semi-analytical probabilistic models based on the first- and second-order reliability methods to model the uncertainty of the key parameters including surface chloride concentration, chloride threshold, cover depth and diffusion coefficient, which govern the chloride ingress into concrete and corrosion of reinforcing steel. A case study of a reinforced concrete highway bridge deck is used to illustrate the capability and efficiency of these simplified probabilistic models in modeling the uncertainty and predicting the time-dependent probability of corrosion. The models enable to quantify the impact of the different governing parameters on probability of corrosion and service life, which can be used to develop cost-effective management strategies.
Binding of arrestin to cytoplasmic loop mutants of bovine rhodopsin.

The binding of arrestin to rhodopsin is a multistep process that begins when arrestin interacts with the phosphorylated C terminus of rhodopsin. This interaction appears to induce a conformational change in arrestin that exposes a high-affinity binding site for rhodopsin. Several studies in which synthetic peptides were used have suggested that sites on the rhodopsin cytoplasmic loops are involved in this interaction. However, the precise amino acids on rhodopsin that participate in this interaction are unknown. This study addresses the role of specific amino acids in the cytoplasmic loops of rhodopsin in binding arrestin through the use of site-directed mutagenesis and direct binding assays. A series of alanine mutants within the three cytoplasmic loops of rhodopsin were expressed in HEK-293 cells, reconstituted with 11-cis-retinal, prephosphorylated with rhodopsin kinase, and examined for their ability to bind in vitro-translated, 35S-labeled arrestin. Mutations at Asn-73 in loop I as well as at Pro-142...
Effect of copper metal on the yield of Sc3N@C80 metallofullerenes

The yield of Sc3N@C80 metallofullerene and fullerene extract is dramatically increased via filling cored graphite rods with copper and Sc2O3 only; when compared to 100% Sc2O3 packed rods, improvements of factors of ∼3 and ∼5 have been achieved for Sc3N@C80 and fullerene extract produced, respectively, with the weight percent of Cu added to the rod affecting the type and amount of fullerene produced.
Absolute and other scales: question of validity.

In an article entitled "Evidence against 'absolute' scaling," Mellers (1983)describes art experimental result she regards as proof that the absolute scaling advocated by Zwislocki and Goodman (1980) is no more absolute than ratio scaling by magnitude estimation or category scaling. The result concerns similar biases produced in all three scales by manipulation of a stimulus context. She presented 11 25-mm squares containing various numbers of irregularly distributed black dots and asked her subjects to scale the apparent darkness of the squares. The latter were shown simultaneously in one of two patterns of darkness distribution. In one pattern, the stimuli were bunched at the low end of their range, and in the other, at the high end. Sinceinstructions considered by Mellers as identical to those of Zwislocki and Goodman failed to reduce the biases associated with the skewed stimulus distributions, they do not lead to an absolute scale, she concludes. It appears to me that Meller's experiment is based on a fundamental misunderstanding of the concept of absolute scale accepted by Zwislocki and Goodman, which is derived from Stevens's (e.g., 1951) classification of scales and is much less ambitious than Mellers's. Stevens's classification is mathematically formal and based on permissible transformations under which the scales remain invariant. The highest levelscale he considers is the ratio scale, which allows only one transformation-multiplication by a constant. In his first fundamental article on magnitude estimation, Stevens (1956) describes biases resulting from such a transformation, however, and shows that the scale biased the least according to his criteria is obtained when the experimental subjects (observers) are allowed to choose their own reference standards or moduli. This amounts to choosing their own units. As shown on several occasions (e.g., Hellman & Zwislocki, 1961; Zwislocki & Goodman, 1980), the choice is not arbitrary. If units of measurement cannot be designated arbitrarily by the experimenter, so that even a multiplicative transformation is excluded, the scale must become formally absolute.
MO-D-AUD B-07: Analysis of Rectal Dose Variability Due to Inter-Fractional Variations of Rectal Marker Positioning in Film-Based HDR Cervical Brachytherapy

Purpose: In film‐based intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer, rectal dose is usually computed using rectal markers. Position of the markers may not accurately represent the anterior rectal wall. The study is to retrospectively analyze the variability of rectal dose due to variations of marker placement in a multi‐fractionated HDR treatment regimen. Method and Materials: A cohort of five patients, total 18 applications, treated with multiple‐fraction tandem/ovoid HDR brachytherapy was studied. To correlate the rectal points from different fractions to the same coordinate system, the cervical os point and the orientation of the applicators were manually matched. With the applicator matching, rectal points obtained from other fractions were input into the original treatment plan for each application. A rectal dose was then calculated from all the possible rectal points. The fractional rectal doses were summed as the new cumulative rectal dose for each patient, which was compared with the original cumulative rectal dose. The reproducibility of the results was also analyzed by repeating the matching procedure. Results: The maximum inter‐fractional variation of distances between rectal dose points and the closest source positions was 1.1 cm and the corresponding maximum variability of fractional rectal dose was 65.5%. The percentage difference in cumulative rectal dose estimation for each patient was 5.1%, 16.4%, 25.7%, 18.9%, 12.2%, respectively. Overall reproducibility of the results was within 1.8%. Conclusion: Our results show underestimation of the rectal dose caused by variations of rectal marker positioning relative to the anterior rectal wall, which should be taken into consideration in film‐based HDR cervical brachytherapy. By manually matching the rectal points into the same treatment plan, one may minimize the possibility of underestimating the rectal dose. We will also anticipate a more accurate approach for evaluating rectal doses in HDR intracavitary brachytherapy with the emerging 3‐D volume imaging based treatment planning.
Biological properties of Pyrularia thionin prepared from nuts of Pyrularia pubera.

Pyrularia thionin is a 47 amino acid basic peptide which resembles wheat purothionin and mistletoe viscotoxin. It is toxic to mice, with an ld50 of 1.5 mg/kg body weight and is cytotoxic to tumor and normal cells in culture, with id50 values ranging from 0.62 to 17 μg/ml. Against seven bacterial species it was toxic only to Micrococcus luteus. The toxin did not protect mice against transplanted B16 melanoma, nor did it show any mitogenic activity with mouse spleen lymphocytes.
Integrating Necessary Skills and Concepts Into the Accounting Curriculum

(1991). Integrating Necessary Skills and Concepts Into the Accounting Curriculum. Journal of Education for Business: Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 325-327.
Eye movement trajectories in active visual search: contributions of attention, memory, and scene boundaries to pattern formation.

We relate the roles of attention, memory, and spatial constraints to pattern formation in eye movement trajectories previously measured in a conjunctive visual search task. Autocorrelations and power spectra of saccade direction cosines confirm a bias to progress forwardly, while turning at the display boundaries, plus a long-range memory component for the search path. Analyses of certain measures of circulation and imbalance in the eye trajectories, and their relations with the display area correspondingly subtended, bear signatures of spiraling or circulating patterns. We interpret their prevalence as mainly due to the interactions between three basic psychoneural mechanisms (conspicuity area, forward bias, long-range memory) and two task-specific geometric- spatial constraints on the eye trajectories (central start and display confinement). Conversely, computer simulations of random walks in which all psychoneural mechanisms are eliminated, while geometric-spatial constraints are maintained, show no prevalence of circulating patterns by those measures. We did find certain peculiarities of some individual participants in their pattern selections, but they appear too casual and incidental to suggest more systematic or complex search strategies in our randomized displays of uninformative stimuli.
Comparative study of methods for quantitation of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes

Abstract The amounts of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes in homogenates of rat heart, skeletal muscle, and liver were measured by means of (1) the standard spectrophotometric assay at 340 mμ of eluates from DEAE Sephadex columns and (2) densitometric determination of formazan bands on acrylamide gel electropherograms. Reproducible quantitation was achieved by the chromatographic method. All the activity applied to the columns could be recovered, and the purity of isozyme fractions could be verified electrophoretically on cellulose acetate strips. Spectrophotometric determination of formazan deposition on acrylamide gels was found to be less satisfactory in quantitating isozymes because of the necessity of applying very small amounts (i.e., less than 0.002 International Unit per isozyme to each gel). Application of larger amounts of enzyme to the 5 mm diameter gel columns resulted in a nonlinear staining response. LDH-5 and LDH-4, known to be present in small amounts in rat cardiac muscle, appeared in disproportionately large amounts when too much enzyme was used for electrophoresis. The percentages of A and B subunits determined by the chromatographic and electrophoretic methods were compared to the percentages of A and B subunits determined by the low/high pyruvate ratio method. There was only moderate agreement between the methods.
Huntington disease: a case study describing the complexities and nuances of predictive testing of monozygotic twins.

When a candidate for predictive testing for the Huntington disease gene is a monozygotic twin, confidentiality of the co-twin's diagnosis and autonomy of participation are among the critical genetic counseling issues. Predictive testing can proceed when twins voluntarily and simultaneously request counseling and evaluation in an HD testing program. This case describes a young man referred for predictive testing to an HD testing site on the East Coast of the United States. Family history revealed a twin brother of unknown zygosity who resided on the West Coast of the United States. The genetic counselors on opposite coasts collaborated to provide genetic counseling and evaluation for voluntary, informed predictive testing of the twins, protecting their rights while observing national protocol guidelines.
Strength of Solid Acids and Acids in Solution. Enhancement of Acidity of Centers on Solid Surfaces by Anion Stabilizing Solvents and Its Consequence for Catalysis

A comparison of acidity of two solids, a poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (Amberlyst 15) and a perfluoroinated ion exchange polymer (Nafion-H, PFIEP) with the structurally related liquid acids methanesulfonic, sulfuric, and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMSA), was conducted with mesityl oxide as probe base (determination of the Δδ1 parameter) and for the fluorinated materials also with hexamethylbenzene as the probe base. It was found that Nafion-H is similar in strength to 85% sulfuric acid, whereas Ambelyst 15 is much weaker than 80% methanesulfonic acid or 60% sulfuric acid. Thus, the solids are much weaker acids than their liquid structural analogs. This seems to be a general property, because the rigidity of the solids prevents the acid groups/sites from cooperating in the transfer of a hydron, an essential feature in the manifestation of superacidity. The postulation of superacidity for a number of solid acids appears to have no basis in fact. On the other hand, the acidity of the groups/sites on the su...
Gas Electron Diffraction Study of the 193-nm Laser-Induced Interconversion between Cis- and Trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene:

Gas electron diffraction (GED) data were recorded of 193-nm irradiated cis- and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene. The interconversion between the cis-and trans-isomers and the formation of chloroacetylene can be inferred from the diffraction intensities. The experiments demonstrate the utility of GED in the study of chemical reactions.
The forces needed to evoke sounds from cardiac tissues, and the attenuation of heart sounds.

There has been no study of the efficiency of any sound-producing system. Here there is a description of a device that records the force of each pull applied to a valve segment or strip of myocardium while the sound evoked is recorded. The relation of force to sound intensity, and the attenuation of sounds in air, blood, and ventricular and chest walls provide some quantitative data on a neglected phase of cardiac physiology.
Stress control in thin sputtered films towards potential application in micromachined structures

Abstract The stress control of thin sputtered films and its significance in the fabrication of micromechanical systems are described here. This work integrates mechanical sensor post-fabrication with the standard CMOS process using sputtered films. Several metallic layers are sputter deposited for this integration process. These layers act as etch protection for the microchip, as plating base layer for the electrodeposition process and as sacrificial layer to release the mechanical structure from the substrate. The need for careful control of the stress in the deposited layers and stringent control of purity of the films is described.