cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A FISH study of trisomies 7 and 8 in prostate cancer

Trisomies are products of chromosomal nondisjunction, which in turn is a manifestation of genetic instability, which has been implicated in the genesis and progression of many cancers. Specifically, we reported extensively on abnormal chromosome 8 copy number, which appears to be an ubiquitous phenomenon in many cancers. In addition to trisomy 8, trisomy 7 was also explored. In the present retrospective study, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using chromosome 7 and chromosome 8 enumeration probes (Vysis, Downer's Grove, IL) was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded materials for the purpose of studying chromosomes 7 and 8 aneuploidies. Out of a total of 56 cases studied, 33 (59%) was found to be trisomic for chromosome 7, and 4 (7%) was found to be trisomic for chromosome 8. A tumor was scored trisomic if ≥ 15% of the cells had three signals. Of the trisomic 7 cases, 4 were also trisomic for chromosome 8, and 29 were disomic for chromosome 8. Of the trisomic 8 cases, all 4 were also trisomic for chromosome 7 and none were disomic for chromosome 7. One trisomic 7 and trisomic 8 case was found to be also trisomic for chromosome 17. These data will be compared with other cytogenetic and clinicopathologic information on this cohort of patients. Thus, a subset of prostate cancer clearly exists which is characterized by chromosome 8 trisomy, which has been reported in many other cancers. However, in the present study, the small subset of trisomic 8 tumors significantly overlaps the much larger subset with abnormal chromosome 7 number. The study is ongoing. (This research was partially funded by Vysis, Inc., Downers Grove, IL).
Effect of low-temperature irradiation with (n,α) helium production on tensile properties of 12 Cr-1MoVW-type steels☆

Abstract Tensile specimens from small heats of ferritic (martensitic) steel based on 12 Cr-1 MoVW have been Irradiated in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at ∼50°C to displacement damage levels of up to 9.5 dpa. Two heats of 12 Cr-1 MoVW steel were irradiated, along with similar alloys to which nickel had been added. Transmutation of the 58Ni by thermal neutrons during irradiation in HFIR leads to helium production rates similar to those anticipated in a fusion reactor. Displacement damage is produced simultaneously by the fast neutron flux in the reactor. After irradiation, the specimens were tested at room temperature and 300°C. Yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of irradiated samples displayed considerable hardening over the unirradiated condition. The increased strength was accompanied by a decrease in ductility. Indications are that the hardening resulted only from the displacement damage and was not affected by the transmutation helium formed during irradiation.
Sociotechnical design and self-managing work groups: The impact on control†

This paper compares employees perceptions of control in 20 manufacturing plants within one corporation. Four of the plants have incorporated self-managing groups as a part of their organizational design, while the other 16 plants have more traditional designs. Survey data from the 20 plants are compared and used to test a set of hypotheses derived from the literature on Sociotechnical systems. These analyses indicate that the workers and supervisors in the Sociotechnical plants have higher levels of perceived control than do their counterparts in the more traditional plants. Top and middle management respondents, how- ever, have similar perceptions of control in both the Sociotechnical and traditional plants. Discussion focuses on the impact of Sociotechnical design, the measurement of control, and future research issues in Sociotechnical design and self-managing work groups.
Evidence for trimer reconstruction of Si(111) √3 × √3 -Sb: Scanning tunneling microscopy and first-principles theory

Scanning-tunneling-microscopy images of the Si(111) \ensuremath{\surd}3 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} \ensuremath{\surd}3 -Sb surface show a trigonal lattice of protrusions, with a characteristic dependence on bias voltage. When probing filled surface states, the protrusions consist of three topographic maxima, while probing empty surface states gives a single maximum. These observations are interpreted in terms of an Sb-trimer model, the structure of which is obtained through first-principles calculations. Charge-density contours show that the three maxima seen when probing filled states can be directly related to the positions of the Sb-trimer atoms.
P300 from auditory stimuli: intensity and frequency effects

Auditory stimulus intensity (45, 60, 75 dB SPL) and standard/target frequency (250/500) and 1000/2000 Hz) were manipulated factorially to assess their effects on the P3(00) event-related brain potential (ERP). For the target stimuli, intensity increases produced reliable increases in P3 amplitude and decreases in peak latency. P3 latency at the lowest intensity level was marginally longer for the low frequency condition. For the standard stimuli, intensity increases produced reliable P3 amplitude increases, low frequency stimuli yielded smaller components than high frequency stimuli, and several interactions with the electrode factor were obtained. P3 latency decreased as intensity increased, and low frequency tones produced longer latencies than high frequency tones. The N1, P2, and N2 components from both stimulus types generally were affected in the same manner: intensity increases producing larger amplitudes and shorter latencies, with some effects of tone frequency also observed. The findings suggest that auditory stimulus parameters contribute to both P3 amplitude and latency measures in important ways and are discussed in relation to the use of ERPs in applied contexts.
Tissue- and Gene-specific Recruitment of Steroid Receptor Coactivator-3 by Thyroid Hormone Receptor during Development

Numerous coactivators that bind nuclear hormone receptors have been isolated and characterized in vitro. Relatively few studies have addressed the developmental roles of these cofactors in vivo. By using the total dependence of amphibian metamorphosis on thyroid hormone (T3) as a model, we have investigated the role of steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC3) in gene activation by thyroid hormone receptor (TR) in vivo. First, expression analysis showed that SRC3 was expressed in all tadpole organs analyzed. In addition, during natural as well as T3-induced metamorphosis, SRC3 was up-regulated in both the tail and intestine, two organs that undergo extensive transformations during metamorphosis and the focus of the current study. We then performed chromatin immunoprecipitation assays to investigate whether SRC3 is recruited to endogenous T3 target genes in vivo in developing tadpoles. Surprisingly, we found that SRC3 was recruited in a gene- and tissue-dependent manner to target genes by TR, both upon T3 treatment of premetamorphic tadpoles and during natural metamorphosis. In particular, in the tail, SRC3 was not recruited in a T3-dependent manner to the target TRβA promoter, suggesting either no recruitment or constitutive association. Finally, by using transgenic tadpoles expressing a dominant negative SRC3 (F-dnSRC3), we demonstrated that F-dnSRC3 was recruited in a T3-dependent manner in both the intestine and tail, blocking the recruitment of endogenous coactivators and histone acetylation. These results suggest that SRC3 is utilized in a gene- and tissue-specific manner by TR during development.
A new species of Propliopithecus from the Fayum, Egypt.

Propliopithecus ankeli is described as a new species of hominoid from the early Oligocene of Egypt. The new species occurs at a stratigraphic level 80 m below quarries yielding P. chirobates and Aegyptopithecus zeuxis. P. ankeli differs from other species of the genus in its large size, relatively robust canines, larger and proportionally broader premolars, and M1 that has as great or greater mesiodistal length than M2. Thus, P. ankeli is characterized by increased relative size and robustness of the antemolar dentition, which contrasts with the pattern observed in the Fayum′s other large hominoid, A. zeuxis. P. ankeli probably represents a lineage not ancestral to other Fayum hominoids. Discovery of this new species emphasizes the diversity of anthropoid primates that had already evolved by the early Oligocene.
REACTIONS OF ESTER DERIVATIVES OF CARCINOGENIC N-(4-BIPHENYLYL)HYDROXYLAMINE AND THE CORRESPONDING HYDROXAMIC ACID WITH PURINE NUCLEOSIDES

The nitrenium ions 3a,b derived from hydrolysis of N-(sulfonatooxy)-N-acetyl-4-aminobiphenyl (1a) and N-(4-biphenylyl)-O-pivaloylhydroxylamine (1b) are trapped by the purine nucleosides 2‘-deoxyguanosine (dG), guanosine (G), 8-methylguanosine (8-MeG), adenosine (A), inosine (I), and xanthosine (X) with varying degrees of efficiency. Those nucleosides with a basic N-7 (pKa(N7−H+) ≥ 2.3) react with 3a,b with an apparently diffusion-limited rate constant at 20 °C of ca. 2.0 × 109 M-1 s-1, determined from the experimental trapping ratios knuc/ks and known values of ks for the two nitrenium ions. All nucleosides with a basic N-7, including 8-MeG, generate only C-8 adducts upon reaction with 3a,b. The reactions of 8-MeG with 3a,b produce metastable adducts, tentatively identified as 16a,b, that decompose over time into the stable 7,8-dihydroguanosine derivatives 8a,b. Our data, and those of other workers, are consistent with a mechanism that involves initial attack of N-7 on the nitrogen of the nitrenium ions f...
Adjuvant disease--the paradox of prevention and induction with complete Freund's adjuvant.

SummarySubcutaneous pretreatment of rats with heat-killed Mycobacterium butyricum in mineral oil protected against the induction of adjuvant disease 2 wk later. A dose of 50 to 100 μg protected optimally while higher and lower doses were less protective. Mineral oil pretreatment alone appeared to aggravate the disease.
Impact of liquid-to-gas hydrogen mass transfer on substrate conversion efficiency of an upflow anaerobic sludge bed and filter reactor

Abstract Efficient anaerobic degradation may be completed only under low levels of dissolved hydrogen in the liquid surrounding the microorganisms. This restraint can be intensified by the limitations of liquid-to-gas H2 mass transfer, which results in H2 accumulation in the bulk liquid of the reactor. Dissolved hydrogen proved to be an interesting parameter for reactor monitoring by showing a good correlation with short-chain volatile fatty acid concentration, namely propionate, which was not the case for the H2 partial pressure. Biogas recycle was performed in a upflow anaerobic sludge bed and filter reactor. The effects of varying the ratio of recycled-to-produced gas from 2:1 (9 l/l reactor per day) to 8:1 (85 l/l reactor per day) were studied. By increasing the liquid—gas interface with biogas recycling, the dissolved hydrogen concentration could be lowered from 1.1 to 0.4 μ m . Accordingly, the H2 sursaturation factor was also reduced, leading to an important improvement of the H2 mass transfer rate, which reached 20.86 h−1 (±9.79) at a 8:1 gas recycling ratio, compared to 0.72 h−1 (±0.24) for the control experiment. Gas recycling also lowered the propionate concentration from 655 to 288 mg l−1 and improved the soluble chemical oxygen demand removal by 10–15%. The main problem encountered was the shorter solid retention time, which could lead to undesirable biomass washout at high gas recycling ratio. This could be circumvented by improving the reactor design to reduce the turbulence within the biomass bed.
SU-GG-J-158: Functional Diffusion Map Analysis in Assessing Brain Tumor Response to Therapy

Background: DTI has been used as a functional imaging tool in the assessment of tumor response to therapy, mostly by monitoring the changes in DTI matrices such as ADC and FA during the course of treatment. In this study, we studied the predictive value of various functional diffusion maps (fDM) generated using the ADC, FA and transverse diffusivity that were acquired pre‐ and post‐ anti‐VEGA therapy in braintumor patients. Materials and Methods: Functional diffusion maps were generated by comparing the pre‐ and post‐ therapy DTI studies and the changes of DTI matrices such as ADC, FA and the transverse diffusivity. Prior to the creation of the fDMs, all images including the anatomical images (T1, T2, FLAIR and post‐contrast T1) for each patient were co‐registered to the DTI images for each visit and then across all visits. All fDMs were compared and correlated with the status of radiographic response. Results: For core tumor volume defined by post‐contrast T1 images, fDMs generated with ADC values correlated the best with the radiographic response, while there was no obvious difference between the fDMs generated with ADC (Fig1a) and those with the transverse diffusivity. The fDM generated with FA differed from those with ADC and may have predictive value in the direction of tumor progression. Conclusion and Discussion: The fDMs are useful tools in the assessment of tumor response to therapy. fDM analysis of the pretumoral white‐matter area may have the potential to assess the tumor cell progression in the WM tract.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the infratemporal fossa: diagnostic dilemmas and surgical management.

Abstract We present a rare case of embryonal rhabomyosarcoma in the infratemporal fossa presenting as an atypical facial pain syndrome. Radiographic imaging of the patient is discussed, and magnetic resonance imaging is recommended as the diagnostic modality of choice when mass lesions of the infratemporal fossa are suspected. Finally, a temporal approach to the infratemporal fossa is described, along with its advantages as an application for tumor resection in this anatomic region.
Assessment of palatability of two sublingual diluents in allergic patients: a prospective pilot study.

BACKGROUND Taste of diluents could have an effect on the ultimate patient compliance and acceptability of allergenic extract formulations used in sublingual allergy immunotherapy. This study assessed the palatability and compared the flavor and taste preferences of two sublingual diluents in allergic adult patients. METHODS This was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded pilot study. Diluents A (50% glycerin and water) and B (0.4% phenol and water) were tested. Three drops were placed in the sublingual area beneath the tongue for 2 minutes before swallowing. A 5-point analog scale was used to allow ranking of the degree of taste acceptance. Patients were then given a 10-minute break where unsalted crackers and bottled water were provided to cleanse the palate between tasting periods. After tasting both samples, patients were asked to answer a final question regarding taste preference. RESULTS Of the 30 patients, there were 15 men and 15 women with a mean age of 38 years (range, 18 to 61 years). For diluent A, 18 (60.0%) patients graded the diluent as having a “pleasant” taste, 8 (26.7%) patients gave a grade of “very pleasant,” and 4 (13.3%) patients said that they were “not sure.” For diluent B, 16 (53.3%) patients gave a grade of “unpleasant” and only 6 (20.0%) patients gave a grade of “pleasant.” Finally, 28 (93.3%) of the 30 patients chose diluent A over diluent B as the preferred diluent of choice (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Fifty percent glycerin had better taste attributes and phenolated saline induced unpleasant oral sensation on sublingual dosing.
Comparison of High-Energy Neutron-Proton and Proton-Proton Elastic Scattering

Neutron-proton and proton-proton elastic scattering are compared in the momentum range from 3 to 7 GeV/c. At the same incident momenta the $\mathrm{np}$ and $\mathrm{pp}$ diffraction peaks have similar slopes, and both peaks shrink with increasing momentum. Over this momentum range the 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} $\mathrm{np}$ cross section is 1.1 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.1 times the 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} $\mathrm{pp}$ cross section. Differential cross sections for nucleon-nucleon scattering with isospin 0 are compared with those for isospin 1.
Cardiac amyloidosis presenting as severe mitral regurgitation

We report a patient with extensive infiltration of the left ventricle with amyloid who presented with severe mitral regurgitation which led to mitral valve replacement. The right ventricular biopsy showed minimal focal deposits of amyloid.
Note on MER-29 in arteriosclerotic heart disease.

Summary In a brief parallel independent study of private and public out-patients, MER-29 has decreased serum cholesterol, improved effort tolerance and electrocardiograms in most and has usually led to a sense of well-being.
Materials processing applications using multi-kilowatt free-electron lasers

Summary form only given.Previous work using ultrafast lasers has shown improvements in the cutting and drilling of materials, compared to lasers in common use, but a barrier to their commercial use is the limited average power available, which makes the cost/photon prohibitively high. Some applications, such as the surface processing of polymers or metals, require laser powers of the tens of kilowatts, and therefore are not yet commercial processes. However the development of FELs based on superconducting RF linac technology provides a scalable path to laser outputs above 50 kW, rendering these applications economically viable, since the cost/photon drops as the output power increases. Such FELs will provide quasi-cw (PRFs in the tens of MHz), of ultrafast (/spl sim/1 ps) output with very high beam quality. The first example of such an FEL is the IR Demo FEL, which produces nearly 2 kW of high average power on a routine basis. Housed in a multilaboratory user facility, we have started materials process studies. I present some of the first results of these studies. I also briefly discuss the status of our project to upgrade the FEL to 10 kW in the mid IR.
Chlorofluorocarbon dechlorination on Pd(111): effect of chlorine stoichiometry

The kinetics of C–Cl bond cleavage on the Pd(111) surface have been measured using four chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) containing different numbers of chlorine atoms on the primary carbon: CF3CCl3 ,C F 3CFCl2 ,C F 3CF2Cl, and CF3CHFCl. The desorption energies, �E des ,o f the CFCs were found to increase with increasing number of chlorine atoms in the following order: CF3CF2Cl < CF3CHFCl < CF3CFCl2 < CF3CCl3. The rate constants and apparent barriers to C–Cl cleavage, �E app, on the Pd(111) surface were measured using CF3CFCl2,
Using a state-wide high school robotics competition as the basis for a capstone design experience in electrical engineering

In the fall of 1996, 10 students from the Electrical Engineering capstone design course at Texas A&M University became mentors to high school teams that were entered in a statewide robotics competition. In addition to attending the course lectures and performing the design process themselves, the capstone students became active participants in an intense 5 week experience in design by providing their skills and leadership as mentors to teams of students from near by high schools. Two engineers at Texas Instruments began the Texas Best competition in an effort to Boost Engineering Science and Technology (BEST). Last year, Texas A&M became the host of the statewide final competition. Preliminary competitions that matched 123 teams against each other were held in 6 locations around the state. 26 teams proceeded to the state finals. The growth rate of participation of these kinds of competitions indicates their popularity among the students, parents, sponsors and schools. This paper discusses the value to the student of using the mentoring experience as part of the capstone experience. An outline of the capstone course is also discussed.
Conversations with Eeyore: Spirituality and the generation of hope among mental health providers

A growing body of research has highlighted the value of spiritual resources for patients and their families. However, spirituality has been largely overlooked as a source of hope and support for providers themselves. In this paper, the author draws on theory, research, and practical examples to suggest that spirituality could potentially assist providers struggling to generate and sustain their own hope in work with clients who are in the midst of despair. The paper focuses on three ways practitioners might access spiritual resources to facilitate hope in their work: (1) by illuminating the sacred character of mental health work; (2) by attending to the sacred dimension of clients' lives; and (3) by attending to the experience of sacred moments in the healing relationship. These resources may be of value not only to theistically-oriented practitioners but to nontheists as well.
Priority setting in agricultural land-use types for sustainable development

Even in developing countries that are faced with ecological and socio-economic problems, agricultural areas are constrained by land-use laws to be developed in particular ways. This being the case, the major issues in these areas are a better quality of life and sustainable use of the limited resources. This necessitates planning for sustainable development and evaluating various qualitative and quantitative data in a single framework. Multicriteria or multipurpose decision analysis methods are appropriate for this purpose. Using these methods, physical, economical and social data, as well as planning goals, can be combined and evaluated in the context of sustainable development. These multicriteria methods have been documented widely in a variety of problem areas, but two multicriteria methods, namely AHP (analytic hierarchy process) and ELECTRE II (elimination and choice translating reality), have not been used extensively in agricultural land-use decisions in developing countries. However, in situations where decision-making criteria are non-commensurable, non-comparable or non-countable, and when it is necessary to evaluate the criteria together, as in agricultural land-use decisions, AHP and ELECTRE II methods are warranted. This study reviews these methods briefly and suggests their potential application in the agricultural land-use decision process in a developing country. For this purpose, these methods were sampled in Ziyaret Stream Basin in Adiyaman, which is part of the Guneydogu Anadolu Projesi (GAP) (South-eastern Anatolian Project) in the Republic of Turkey. The area could be characterized by its rural and agricultural features, although it is under the pressure of Adiyaman urban development. This study shows that both AHP and ELECTRE II methods can be applied successfully for the determination of agricultural land-use priorities, which are an essential part of the quality of life and of sustainable land-use studies.
Collision-free object movement using vector fields

Presents a technique for automatically providing animation and collision avoidance in a general-purpose computer graphics system. The technique, which relies on an expanded notion of vector fields, allows users to set up and animate objects easily, then prevents objects from colliding as the animation proceeds. This technique automatically generates volume octree vector fields around objects in a scene. These vector fields affect object motion and animation, and also provide for automatic collision avoidance for arbitrary objects. Applications of collision avoidance in an animation system encompass any scene containing object movement above or around other objects.
Online Clustering for Hierarchical WDM Networks

This paper presents an easy-to-implement, distributed, and scalable clustering technique that determines clusters adaptively in response to the current conditions (i.e., bandwidth availability) in large WDM optical networks. Simulation results verify the feasibility of the approach.
Thermal intravascular photoacoustic imaging.

Intravascular photoacoustics (IVPA)—a minimally invasive imaging technique with contrast related to optical absorption properties of tissue, can be used to visualize atherosclerotic plaques. However, the amplitude of photoacoustic signals is also related to a temperature dependent, tissue specific parameter—the Gruneisen parameter. Therefore, photoacoustic signals measured at different temperatures may reveal information about tissue composition. In this study, thermal IVPA (tIVPA) imaging was introduced. The imaging studies were performed using an ex vivo atherosclerotic rabbit aorta. Temperature dependent photoacoustic responses from lipid in plaques and lipid in periadventitial tissue were different, thus allowing tIVPA images to delineate the location of lipid-rich plaques. The results indicate that tIVPA imaging has a potential to characterize tissue composition in atherosclerotic vessels.
Programmed Cell Death

Programmed cell death research has had an arguably unparalleled impact on the field of developmental neurobiology. For over one hundred years, investigations of neuronal cell death have challenged our assumptions about nervous system development and its cellular and molecular regulation. Current studies on programmed cell death, including investigations of neural stem cell death, hold tremendous promise for elucidating the complex processes involved in normal mammalian nervous system development.
Silicon neural information transducers: current technology, perspectives, and recent results

Advanced neural information transducers are currently under development. Novel micromachined silicon transducer fabrication techniques have been created to facilitate construction of implantable devices which can achieve a high-quality, long-term, neural-electrical interface. The basic functionality of implanted microtransducers has been demonstrated during long-term implants. Current research is focused on the study of the interface during behavioral testing of implanted animals, methods of optimizing information transduction, adaptive detection and encoding circuitry, understanding the electrical properties of the microenvironment surrounding the contacts, and techniques for fabrication of active devices that can function indefinitely during saline immersion. Applications of existing technology are not technically possible for physiological studies and relatively short-term feasibility testing in humans. New understanding of protection of integrated circuits during long-term saline immersion is essential for implementation of advanced long-term integrated systems. >
Using developmental theory to guide the search for the effects of biological risk factors on the development of children

A structural-behavioral model of development is described as providing a basis for formulating hypotheses about the effects of biological risk factors on the development of children. It takes into account the contributions to development that come from organismic and environmental variables. These influences are modified by the effect of individual resiliency in the face of social and biological risk factors. Organismic, environmental, and individual differences are seen as making different contributions in different domains and at different periods of development. A distinction is made between the development of universal and nonuniversal behaviors. From this model, hypotheses can be derived about the effects of social and biological risk factors. The implications for developmental research designs are discussed as are the kinds of behavioral measures most likely to be sensitive enough to detect the effects of social and biological risk factors on the development of children. Language: en
Demonstrating Passion Constructing Sacred Movement In Northern Ireland

This paper suggests that the ubiquitous cultural act of parading in Northern Ireland, frequently employed by ethnonational organizations as a means of symbolically marking sectarian political and religious control of and authority over territory, is also employed by charismatic Protestants seeking to create a sacred economy in which all Christians citizens participate in movement towards the universal "End Times" of evangelical and charismatic salvation history. In Belfast, this is accomplished in charismatic events (such as parading and "home-group" meetings) where locally important ideas about urban mobility as cultural and political performance are resituated and transformed within a global network of institutions and beliefs (Charismatic Renewal) that incorporate a alternate logic of ritual movement in which the city is itself the object of sanctification. This sanctification is not contemplated by charismatic Protestants, but is reflexively indexed and "proved" by their practices. The local or regional acts of parading and urban movement are thereby shown to be semantically porous and open to reinterpretation through contact with global cultural phenomena, such as Charismatic Renewal.
High-Resolution Broadband Spectroscopy Using an Externally Dispersed Interferometer

An externally dispersed interferometer (EDI) is a series combination of a fixed delay interferometer and an external grating spectrograph. We describe how the EDI can boost the effective resolving power of an echelle or linear grating spectrograph by a factor of 2-3 or more over the spectrograph's full bandwidth. The interferometer produces spectral fringes over the entire spectrograph's bandwidth. The fringes heterodyne with spectral features to provide a low spatial frequency moire pattern. The heterodyning is numerically reversed to recover highly detailed spectral information unattainable by the spectrograph alone. We demonstrate resolution boosting for stellar and solar measurements of two-dimensional echelle and linear grating spectra. An effective spectral resolution of ~100,000 has been obtained from the ~50,000 resolution Lick Observatory two-dimensional echelle spectrograph, and that of ~50,000 from an ~20,000 resolution linear grating spectrograph.
Display pixel-based synthetic aperture focusing method for intravascular ultrasound imaging

An intravascular ultrasound image reconstruction technique that combines synthetic aperture focusing and display pixel-based focusing methods is presented. Although the synthetic aperture focusing method can improve intravascular ultrasound image quality, the final displayed images are usually blurry in the angular direction due to the limitations of the digital scan converter. The display pixel-based focusing method can eliminate blurring effects caused by the digital scan converter. Therefore, the image quality can be further improved by applying the display pixel-based focusing method to the synthetic aperture focusing method, especially for intravascular ultrasound images. The experimental studies were performed to evaluate display pixel-based synthetic aperture focusing method. The computational complexity of the display pixel-based synthetic aperture focusing method was discussed in comparison with that of the synthetic aperture focusing method.
FEASIBILITY OF USING THE SAT® IN ACADEMIC GUIDANCE

This study appraised the validity of SAT scores, in combination with grades in high school courses and the number and difficulty level of these courses, in predicting college grades in various fields of study, with the objective of providing SAT takers with predictions of their academic performance in different fields for guidance purposes. The possible impact of this feedback on the flow of students into specific major fields was also assessed. Data on an entering class at a large state university provided the basis for the study. The SAT and collateral variables were able to predict college grades in different academic areas by taking into account marked variations in grade distributions among fields of study. These predictions could be potentially useful in academic guidance. Students' predicted grades in the various fields and their intended majors were unrelated. Most students received their highest predicted grades in the humanities, although few intended to major in this area. Hence, such feedback would probably stimulate students to take courses or major in the humanities.
Checkpointing and rollback-recovery in distributed object based systems

Checkpointing and rollback-recovery algorithms in distributed object-based systems are presented. By utilizing the structure of objects and operation invocations, the authors have derived efficient algorithms that involve fewer participants than when invocations are treated as messages and existing algorithms for message-based systems are used. It is planned to implement these algorithms and evaluate their performance in the context of the Clouds project at Georgia Tech. >
Temperament, Development, and Personality:

Understanding temperament is central to our understanding of development, and temperament constructs are linked to individual differences in both personality and underlying neural function. In this article, I review findings on the structure of temperament, its relation to the Big Five traits of personality, and its links to development and psychopathology. In addition, I discuss the relation of temperament to conscience, empathy, aggression, and the development of behavior problems, and describe the relation between effortful control and neural networks of executive attention. Finally, I present research on training executive attention.
On the Relationship between Mesh Refinement and Solution Accuracy

The ability to identify and quantify the various sources of error in a CFD computation is an essential requirement if numerical simulation is to be applied with confidence to aerodynamic design. Lack of adequate mesh resolution is just one of the many sources of error but it is a concern that invariably arises whenever a discretized set of equations is solved by a finite element or finite volume method. This paper attempts to formalize some of the notions of how solution error is related to mesh size and to derive conditions that determine whether Richardson extrapolation can be applied. In particular, it is shown that Richardson extrapolation can be used to assess convergence with respect to mesh size provided the candidate meshes are fine enough to be in the asymptotic range. It is also shown that non-uniform refinement of the mesh will usually lead to an exponent of error reduction that diers from the formal accuracy of the discretized equations.
Modulated molecular recognition by a temperature‐sensitive molecularly‐imprinted polymer

Modulated molecular recognition was achieved in a temperature-sensitive molecularly-imprinted polymer. Using PNIPA as the temperature-sensitive element, the adenine-imprinted polymer (i.e., MIP-S) was prepared and characterized. The MIP-S exhibited a temperature-responsive molecular recognition behavior because of the thermal phase-transition within the MIP-S network. Specifically, below the transition temperature (e.g., 20 °C), the MIP-S showed a highly specific recognition for the imprint species (adenine). However, the MIP-S did not show any significant resolution for the imprint species (adenine) and its analogue (1-methyladenine) above the transition temperature (e.g., 40 °C). Such temperature-regulated recognition is comparable to a switch-on and switch-off process, thereby making tunable molecular recognition feasible. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 2352–2360, 2009
Unconventional Iron-Sulfur Clusters in Mitochondrial Enzymes

It is a common misconception that the more we learn about a scientific phenomenon, the simpler its explanation becomes. At least in the field of membrane-bound Fe-S enzymes, the opposite seems to have happened. When metal flavoproteins were first discovered, it was often concluded that nonheme Fe was an integral component of an enzyme, solely on the basis of finding it in purified preparations, and if the enzyme was inhibited by Fe clusters, this seemed to justify the conclusion that the metal functioned in catalysis. When it was recognized that such evidence is usually insufficient and frequently misleading (Singer and Massey, 1957), new and less ambiguous approaches were sought. The discovery that succinate and NADH dehydrogenases in membrane preparations exhibited an EPR signal at g ~ 1.94 on reduction by substrate and the recognition that an iron compound was probably responsible for this signal (Beinert and Sands, 1960) provided a powerful new tool for the study of nonheme iron function in enzymes. When combined with the freeze-quench method (Bray, 1961) for the study of rapid reactions, this permitted following the changes in the redox state of the Fe during catalysis. In a few cases it could even be shown that the rate of appearance of this reduced iron signal agreed well with the turnover rate measured in steady-state assays (Rajagopalan and Handler, 1968).
The Development of Humeral Retrotorsion and Its Relationship to Throwing Sports.

Context:Several investigations have noted that throwing athletes exhibit a more posteriorly oriented humeral head (humeral retrotorsion) in the dominant arm. This asymmetry is believed to represent an adaptive response to the stress of throwing that occurs during childhood. The significance of this alteration and factors that affect its development are currently not clear.Evidence Acquisition:Basic science, research studies, and review articles were searched through PubMed with search terms including humeral torsion, humeral retrotorsion, and with 1 of the following: pediatric, adult, baseball, pitching, shoulder, and range of motion. The references from each article were reviewed for further inclusion. This review included articles through March 2015.Study Design:Clinical review.Level of Evidence:Level 4.Results:The throwing motion creates stressors that result in bony adaptations that occur while skeletally immature. These osseous changes likely contribute to the observed shift in the arc of rotational ...
Special Techniques of Digital Holography

Here we highlight special techniques of DH that combine the numerical processing capabilities with variations on the hardware configurations. In this and the following chapters, we survey some of the large number of novel techniques and capabilities that are made possible by digital processing of holograms. We will also see that many of these techniques finally provide highly effective solutions to problems that have been known in conventional holography.
Role of Serum Biomarkers in Early Detection of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in the West Virginian Population.

Objectives: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an established complication of diabetes mellitus. In West Virginia, the especially high incidence of diabetes and heart failure validate the necessity of developing new strategies for earlier detection of DCM. Since most DCM patients remain asymptomatic until the later stages of the disease when the fibrotic complications become irreversible, we aimed to explore biomarkers that can identify early-stage DCM. Methods: The patients were grouped into 4 categories based on clinical diabetic and cardiac parameters: Control, Diabetes (DM), Diastolic dysfunction (DD), and Diabetes with diastolic dysfunction (DM+DD), the last group being the preclinical DCM group. Results: Echocardiography images indicated severe diastolic dysfunction in patients with DD+DM and DD compared to DM or control patients. In the DM and DM+DD groups, TNFα, isoprostane, and leptin were elevated compared to control (p<0.05), as were clinical markers HDL, glucose and hemoglobin A1C. Fibrotic markers IGFBP7 and TGF-β followed the same trend. The Control group showed higher beneficial levels of adiponectin and bilirubin, which were reduced in the DM and DM+DD groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results from our study support the clinical application of biomarkers in diagnosing early stage DCM, which will enable attenuation of disease progression prior to the onset of irreversible complications.
The management of local complications of total hip replacement by the McKee-Farrar technique.

One thousand and forty-two McKee-Farrar prostheses of the present design inserted in Norwich from January 1965 to December 1972 have been reviewed retrospectively to determine the incidence of complications needing revision. Of prostheses implanted for more than two years, 6.6 per cent needed revision for loosening (cup 35 per cent; stem 2.2 per cent; both components 0.9 per cent). Of the total number, 2.3 per cent became infected and 1.9 per cent dislocated. Most dislocations needed only a single closed reduction but 08 per cent were revised. The outcome of revision operations was also assessed. Of revisions for loosening, 40 per cent needed no further operation but 23 per cent required excision; pelvic fracture or bone destruction around the components made success unlikely. Revisions for dislocation were disappointing. Of all revisions 17 per cent became infected. Excision arthroplasty is better than a series of failed revisions in an elderly patient.
Inheritance of Song in Hybrids of Two Subspecies of Nemobius Fasciatus (Orthoptera).

In an earlier publication the writer (1) discussed the relationship of three races of Nemobius fasciatus , namely: N. f. socius Scudder, N. f. fasciatus (De Geer) and N. f. tinnulus Fulton. The three subspecies have slight morphological and color differences when the average condition of each in respect to certain characters is considered. Some individuals of each race are intermediate in respect to these characters so that it is often impossible to classify a specimen that is not one of a series collected at the same place. N. f. fasciatus is the connecting link between the other two races.
Yield and Activity of Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Nucleopolyhedrosis Virus Recovered from Survivors of Viral Challenge

Qualitative and quantitative differences in gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), nucleopolyhedrosis virus (NPV) were monitored in surviving pupae, eclosing adults, and progeny. Regardless of mortality observed by the end of the larval period, pupal weights, adult emergence, and mating success of survivors were unaffected. However, as larval mortality increased, egg mass weight from surviving, mated females decreased. When NPV obtained from larvae in different mortality groups was tested against healthy second instars, no consistent pattern was observed. In similar tests with second instars exposed to NPV obtained from pupae and adult survivors of the larval mortality groups, NPV activity increased in proportion to incidence of original virus-induced larval mortalities. Although virus-induced mortality in progeny was low (4.7–11.5%), a high positive correlation was observed between mortality in progeny and NPV-induced mortality in the parental generation.
Irrelevant frame removal for scene analysis using video hyperclique pattern and spectrum analysis

Video often include frames that are irrelevant to the scenes for recording. These are mainly due to imperfect shooting, abrupt movements of camera, or unintended switching of scenes. The irrelevant frames should be removed before the semantic analysis of video scene is performed for video retrieval. An unsupervised approach for automatic removal of irrelevant frames is proposed in this paper. A novel log-spectral representation of color video frames based on Fibonacci lattice-quantization has been developed for better description of the global structures of video contents to measure similarity of video frames. Hyperclique pattern analysis, used to detect redundant data in textual analysis, is extended to extract relevant frame clusters in color videos. A new strategy using the k-nearest neighbor algorithm is developed for generating a video frame support measure and an h-confidence measure on this hyperclique pattern based analysis method. Evaluation of the proposed irrelevant video frame removal algorithm reveals promising results for datasets with irrelevant frames.
Free Expression, Information Superiority, Image, and Operation Security: Crafting a Military Communication Model for the Cyber Age

In the wake of military dissenters protesting the Vietnam war, Cathy Parker (1989) developed a model of communication within the military, based on the assumptions made within the Uniform Code of Military Justice and Supreme Court decisions, and the findings of social scientists such as Janowitz and Stouffer. This model, of linear communication within a distinctly separated society, has recently and rapidly become antiquated as the Pentagon has embraced use of the World Wide Web in the last 5 years. This paper reconsiders the communication model that shapes First Amendment rights and concerns in the U.S. military, in light of the information/communication developments of the recent years – from official social media strategy and information operations doctrine, to troop-made Lady Gaga YouTube videos and WikiLeaks documents – and explores the tensions created as the military makes the shift from linear, kinetic, Cold War-era practices, to amorphous, full-spectrum, cyber philosophies.
Numerical modeling of unsteady-state wellbore heat transmission

Abstract This paper proposes a fully-implicit thermal model, which couples the wellbore and the surrounding formation. The authors use this integrated model to simulate and predict the unsteady-state heat transmission and temperature distribution in the wellbore and the surrounding formation under variable operational constraints. This model employs refined grid discretization for both the wellbore and the surrounding formation domains. Detailed mass, energy and momentum balance analysis is given for each grid block, which is solved simultaneously at every time step. The model captures the near-wellbore boundary effects using geometric spacing. The resulting set of equations is solved by the Unsymmetric MultiFrontal solver (UMFPACK). We compared and validated the results of the numerical model, against both a conventional Ramey's approach and a rigorous analytical solution introduced by Hagoort. The results of the comparison show that this model is able to predict the temperature distribution in the wellbore and the surrounding formation from early to late time. Contrasted with Ramey's approach, this model yields more accurate results at any time scale, particularly for early time values when the wellbore temperature profile is determined by the wellbore inlet fluid frontier. Two case studies are discussed to test the feasibility of this model under variable operating conditions. The results of this procedure indicate that this model is applicable to both variable-temperature and multi-rate injection cases. The temperature profiles in the wellbore and the surrounding formation are presented with temperature contours, displaying how the temperature changes from near the wellbore to deep in the formation. Moreover, a superposition time is defined and integrated with Ramey's approach (as an alternative to the simulation model) in order to produce a quick and relatively accurate prediction of the wellbore temperature profile. This approach has wide application in cyclic steam-injection and geothermal wells under variable operating conditions.
A Glass/PZT Ultrasonic Microfluidics Platform

In this paper we present an acoustic pumping technology that can effectively compete with electrokinetic pumping in glass substrates with respect to operating voltage, power, and bubble insensitivity. The technology is based on acoustic streaming along a microchannel embedded in glass acoustic waveguides (horns or beams) and acoustically driven by bonded piezoelectric PZT (Lead-Zirconate-Titanate Oxide) plates (Figure 1), resulting in predominantly longitudinal motion along the device, as opposed to bimorph motion investigated by other piezoelectric microfluidic devices. The pumping relies on acoustic field gradients inside the glass channel near the wall, which are generated by the waveguide shape and/or placement of the piezoelectric ceramics. The design of the horn shape allows a well-defined acoustic gradient, which in turn leads to a predictable pumping force. Open image in new window Figure 1. Left shows one of many fabricated devices with four wires soldered to the four electrodes corresponding to two PZT plates. Right shows the schematic showing glass slides shaped into horn shapes with etched channels and bonded PZT ceramics. Brass grommets were attached on the back to connect silicone tubes.