cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantum efficiency and excited-state relaxation dynamics in neodymium-doped phosphate laser glasses

Radiometrically calibrated spectroscopic techniques employing an integrating-sphere detection system have been used to determine the fluorescence quantum efficiencies for two commercially available Nd3+-doped phosphate laser glasses, LG-750 and LG-760. Quantum efficiencies and fluorescence lifetimes were measured for samples with various neodymium concentrations. It is shown that the effects of concentration quenching are accurately described when both resonant nonradiative excitation hopping (the Burshtein model) and annihilation by cross relaxation are accounted for by Forster–Dexter dipole–dipole energy-transfer theory. The Forster–Dexter critical range for nonradiative excitation hopping was found to be RDD = 11 A, while the critical range for cross relaxation was close to RDA = 4 A in these glasses. The quantum efficiency at low Nd3+ concentrations was (92 ± 5)%, implying a nonradiative relaxation rate of 210 ± 150 s−1 for isolated ions. Improved values for the radiative lifetimes and the stimulated emission cross sections for these glasses were also deduced from the measurements.
Private Voluntary Organizations Engaged in International Assistance, 1939-2004:

U.S.-based private and voluntary organizations (PVOs) play an important role in international assistance. To assess this role, the authors constructed a new data set that covers more than 1,600 secular and religious PVOs that registered with the U.S. federal government between 1939 and 2004. In the post—World War II period, major revenue patterns are the rise of Evangelical PVOs, decline of Jewish PVOs, and rapid growth of secular PVOs from the mid-1980s to mid-1990s. The authors analyze the determinants of changes in PVO size, gauged by real revenue. They focus on the interplay between public revenue (from the federal government, international organizations, and other governments) and private revenue. Specifically, they investigate whether funds from the federal government and other public entities serve as a magnet for subsequent private support.
ABSolute: an intelligent decision making framework for e-sourcing

Efficient selection of bids and product offerings is a key requirement in today's procurement processes. Purchasing managers have to make comprehensible selections among hundreds of alternatives considering several dozens of criteria. Selection problems like this are challenging, because they require the balancing of multiple, often conflicting objectives. Traditional approaches to multi-attribute decision making (MADM) are often insufficient in situations with a large number of attributes and alternatives. ABSolute is an application framework for electronic sourcing. The core component of ABSolute is an intelligent decision analysis engine for electronic procurement, which is designed for large amounts of alternatives and attributes. ABSolute enhances traditional approaches to decision making with advanced visualization capabilities and WORA, a new technique for weight assessment based on ordinal rankings of alternatives.
Isolation and Characterization of a TERMINAL FLOWER Homolog and Its Correlation with Juvenility in Citrus

TERMINAL FLOWER is a key regulator of floral timing in Arabidopsis and other herbaceous species. A homolog of this gene, CsTFL, was isolated from the hybrid perennial tree crop Washington navel orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck). The deduced amino acid sequence of CsTFL was 65% identical to the Arabidopsis TFL1 protein. Wild-type Arabidopsis plants ectopically expressing CsTFL showed late-flowering phenotypes similar to those described for overexpression of Arabidopsis TFL1. In addition, the 35S:CsTFL transgene complemented the tfl1-2 mutant. The severity of the overexpression phenotypes correlated with the amount of CsTFL transcript that accumulated. Unlike many model systems that have been studied, C. sinensis maintains two distinguishable CsTFL alleles. CsTFL transcripts from either allele were not detected in adult vegetative tissues using reverse transcription-PCR, but CsTFL RNAs were detected in all floral organs. In addition, real-time PCR determined that juvenility in citrus was positively correlated with CsTFL transcript accumulation and negatively correlated with the floral-regulatory genes, LEAFY and APETALA1, RNA levels.
Aerobic Incubation of Clostridium perfringens in the Presence of an Oxygen-Reducing Membrane Fraction

The recovery and growth rates of C. perfringens were evaluated in media to which an oxygen-reducing membrane fraction from E. coli was added. Each of three C. perfringens strains was incubated in Tryptose Sulfite Cycloserine agar, with and without the membrane fraction. Recoveries were greater on media incubated aerobically with the membrane fraction than on the other formulations incubated an-aerobically or aerobically. C. perfringens ATCC 12917 reached stationary phase more rapidly in fluid thioglycollate medium (FTM) plus the membrane fraction than in FTM alone. Results showed that the membrane fraction allowed aerobic incubation for the recovery of C. perfringens.
Effect of well-drilling fluids on the physiological status and microbial infection of the reef building coralMontastrea annularis

The reef building coral,Montastrea annularis, was exposed continuously to suspensions of oil and gas well-drilling fluids at concentrations of 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 μl/ml in flowing seawater at the U.S. Naval Stage I platform (30° 7.5′ N, 85° 46.3′ W). After six weeks of exposure, coral fragments of 12 to 65 cm2 surface area were broken off, rinsed in seawater, and extracted in a one-phase chloroform-methanol-buffer and returned to the laboratory where the extraction was completed and the phases separated. The lipids were fractionated with silicic acid and by thin layer chromatography. The total, diacylated, and plasmalogen phospholipid content, total lipid acyl linked fatty acids, triglyceride glycerol, triglyceride acyl-linked fatty acids, and wax ester alcohols were measured. The aqueous phase of the lipid extraction was analyzed for amino acid composition. Acyl fatty acid and alcohol composition was measured by capillary gas chromatography. Total phospholipid, triglyceride glycerol, total extractable fatty acids, triglyceride fatty acids and the wax ester fatty alcohols showed no consistent changes with exposure to the drilling fluids. Changes in free amino acid concentrations were detected as well as significant decreases in the recoverable diacyl phospholipid. Significant increases in plasmalogen phospholipids appeared with exposure, suggesting infection by anaerobic fermenting bacteria which can indicate disease. The evidence suggests that biochemical indicators of infection with anaerobic bacteria may be useful as sensitive markers for pollution-induced changes in reef building corals and for monitoring the health of coral reefs.
Product attribute bullwhip in the technology planning process and a methodology to reduce it

This paper considers the upstream flow of product attribute forecast information often used to drive the technology planning process. It is noted that, while downstream customers are willing to pay for improvements in key product attributes, they do not always provide accurate and timely product attribute forecasts to upstream suppliers. As a result of this increasing distortion of product attribute demand as information flows upstream, upstream suppliers often either fail to develop technology that will be needed in the marketplace or develop technology that ultimately is unused. This is shown to be a strategic, technology planning analog to the tactical, order decision problem of order quantity bullwhip observed in the field of supply chain management. As such, we define the technology planning problem under consideration here as "product attribute bullwhip." Based on solutions employed to address order quantity bullwhip in supply chain management, we propose a methodology to reduce product attribute bullwhip by comparing product attribute information obtained directly from the end user with that which flows upstream through the supply chain. To illustrate this effect, we apply the proposed methodology to an example from the wireless communication industry by comparing trends in the perceived value of cellular telephone handset face area with trends in the perceived value of face area observed at the component level of the supply chain.
Diffusive fractionation of trace elements during production and transport of melt in Earth's upper mantle

We have developed a numerical model to investigate the importance of diffusive chemical fractionation during production and transport of melt in Earth’s upper mantle. The model incorporates new experimental data on the diffusion rates of rare earth elements (REE) in high-Ca pyroxene [Van Orman et al., Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 141 (2001) 687^703] and pyrope garnet [Van Orman et al., Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., in press], including the dependence of diffusivity on temperature, pressure and ionic radius. We find that diffusion exerts an important control on REE fractionation under conditions typical of melting beneath slow spreading centers, provided that grain radii are V0.5 mm or greater. When partitioning is diffusion-limited, REE are fractionated less efficiently than under equilibrium conditions, and this effect becomes more pronounced as the melting rate, grain size, and efficiency of melt segregation increase. Data for the light REE in abyssal peridotite clinopyroxene (cpx) grains from the slow spreading America^ Antarctic and Southwest Indian ridge systems are better explained by melting models that allow for diffusive exchange than by models that assume complete solid^melt equilibration. The data are best fit by models in which the initial cpx grain radii are V2^3 mm and melt extraction is very efficient (near fractional). Diffusion is likely to play a strong role in REE fractionation during intergranular melt transport in the upper mantle. Complete equilibrium between solid and melt requires very sluggish melt transport, with ascent rates on the order of a few centimeters per year. Complete disequilibrium, on the other hand, requires rapid transport (s 30 m yr 31 ) through a permeable network with channel spacing considerably larger than the grain size. Diffusive fractionation during percolation through depleted spinel peridotite can lead to a wide variety of REE patterns in the melt, depending on the porosity and channel spacing of the melt network. These include ultra-depleted patterns when the porosity is very small (6 0.005 for an intergranular network with 2 mm grain radii) and patterns of relative LREE enrichment at moderate porosity (0.02^0.03). fl 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Shrinkage of Fiber-Reinforced Ultrahigh Strength Concrete

AbstractThe ultra-high strength concrete (UHSC) used in this study had a compressive strength greater than 145 MPa and was produced using materials commonly available in southern New Mexico. Specifically, locally available Type I/II cement, local sand with a top size of 600 μm, silica fume, steel fibers (13 mm long), and high-range water reducing admixture were used to produce the UHSC mixture with a water-to-cementitious materials ratio of 0.20. UHSC specimens were heat cured in a water bath at 50°C, and then removed from the water bath and dry cured at 200°C for two days prior to strength testing. This paper presents a combination of early age and longer term shrinkage measurements of UHSC that were used to characterize the total shrinkage that occurred during the curing process. Total shrinkage of fiber reinforced UHSC specimens that occurred during 30 days was 3,006 µ, with early age shrinkage (first 24 hours) contributing 58.5% of the total shrinkage.
The Politics of Insurgency in Collapsing States

The phenomenon of failed states might be expected to lead to the development of mass–based social movements to address the typically ensuing social problems. This article explores the general failure of reformist insurgencies to develop in failed states, using analyses of Nigeria’s Bakassi Boys and Oodua People’s Congress, and references to other armed groups. The cause of this failure is found in the legacy of patronage politics, especially the strategies of rulers who monopolized economic opportunities as a way of controlling people. As centralized patronage networks fragment, popular movements develop to challenge this control. Local political entrepreneurs, however, continue to dominate local markets, including clandestine ones, and use this social domination to buy off members of mass movements. As their new patrons give them access to weapons and protection against rivals, the organizational position of members who pursue individual economic interests is enhanced, while the people with more overt ideological agendas are marginalized.
The Aquaporin Gene Family of the Yellow Fever Mosquito, Aedes aegypti

Background: The mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is the principal vector of the Dengue and yellow fever viruses. During feeding, an adult female can take up more than its own body weight in vertebrate blood. After a blood meal females excrete large amounts of urine through their excretion system, the Malpighian tubules (MT). Diuresis starts within seconds after the mosquito starts feeding. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of membrane transporters that regulate the flow of water, glycerol and other small molecules across cellular membranes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Our aim was to identify aquaporins that function as water channels, mediating transcellular water transport in MTs of adult female Ae. aegypti. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using a bioinformatics approach we screened genome databases and identified six putative AQPs in the genome of Ae. aegypti. Phylogenetic analysis showed that five of the six Ae. aegypti AQPs have high similarity to classical water-transporting AQPs of vertebrates. Using microarray, reverse transcription and real time PCR analysis we found that all six AQPs are expressed in distinct patterns in mosquito tissues/body parts. AaAQP1, 4, and 5 are strongly expressed in the adult female MT. RNAi-mediated knockdown of the MT-expressed mosquito AQPs resulted in significantly reduced diuresis. Conclusions/Significance: Our results support the notion that AQP1, 4, and 5 function as water transporters in the MTs of adult female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Our results demonstrate the importance of these AQPs for mosquito diuresis after blood ingestion and highlight their potential as targets for the development of novel vector control strategies.
Substitute Chancellors: The Role of the Jury in the Contest between Common Law and Equity

The common law - thought to provide an ancient constitution securing the liberties of the people from monarchical tyranny - and opposition against it, played an acknowledged part in the debates among Royalists, Parliamentarians, and Puritans during seventeenth-century England. Very little attention has, however, been devoted to the status of the jury within these arguments either for the supremacy of the common law or for the King's prerogative, institutionally embodied most prominently in the Star Chamber and the Court of Chancery. As this Article argues, the procedural virtues and the philosophical goals of the jury and of the Chancellor as expressed by their advocates were very similar, but the disparities in the origins of their authority - the jury a body designed to represent local men of the community and the Chancellor considered almost a cipher for the King - led opponents in the English Revolution and its aftermath to resist one institution or the other. Fluctuations in the relative strength and weakness of the common law jury and judges in equity thus came to depend on political struggles rather than disagreement about methods of adjudication. As a result, by the time of the Founding, opponents of the proposed Supreme Court expressed their reservations about its elevated status and its jurisdiction over fact and law by raising the specter of Chancery and its association with monarchical power.
Characterizing the Leakage Flow of Braided Fiber Seals

A new kind of high temperature flexible braided fiber seal has been developed for advanced hypersonic engine applications. Leakage flow experimental observations show that both engine pressure and preload pressure influence leakage flow rate. Al though the Reynolds number is relatively small ( Re < 10), the mass flow rate com parison of air versus helium reveals that the leakage flow is not viscous dominant. The Ergun equation describing flow through porous media is applied to the flow analysis. The two constants in the Ergun equation, designated as the viscous flow constant CL and the inertial flow constant CT, are determined experimentally. For the leakage flow test setup and the seal geometry, test data show that the values of CL and CT vary for different seal fiber architectures. The relative magnitude of the non viscous flow effect can be determined using a dimensionless variable (ReCT/CL). If this variable is much less than 1, the nonviscous flow effect can be neglected. For the seals tested, the ra...
Vocal fold paralysis: Improved adductor recovery by vincristine blockade of posterior cricoarytenoid

Objectives/Hypothesis A new treatment for acute unilateral vocal-fold paralysis (UVFP) was proposed in which a drug is injected into the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) shortly after nerve injury, before the degree of natural recovery is known, to prevent antagonistic synkinetic reinnervation. This concept was tested in a series of canine experiments using vincristine as the blocking agent. Study Design Animal experiments. Methods Laryngeal adductor function was measured at baseline and at 6 months following experimental recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injuries, including complete transection, crush injury, and cautery. In the treatment animals, the PCA was injected with vincristine at the time of RLN injury. Results Adductor function in the vincristine-treated hemilarynges was significantly improved compared with injury-matched noninjected controls (total n = 43). Transection/repair controls recovered 56.1% of original adductor strength; vincristine-treated hemilarynges recovered to 73.1% (P = 0.002). Cautery injuries also improved with vincristine block (60.7% vs. 88.7%; P = 0.031). Crush injuries recovered well even without vincristine (104.8% vs. 111.2%; P = 0.35). Conclusion These findings support a new paradigm of early, preemptive blockade of the antagonist muscle (PCA) to improve ultimate net adductor strength, which could potentially improve functional recovery in many UVFP patients and avoid the need for medialization procedures. Possible clinical aspects of this new approach are discussed. Level of Evidence N/A. Laryngoscope, 125:655–660, 2015
Critters in the Estate Plan

Shadow, Dolly, Spot, Lady, Ming, Trouble, Roxy, and Madam Shan are just a few of the pets that have received favored treatment in their owners’ wills. Because of the foresight of their humans, these beloved companions lived out their lives in comfortable surroundings rather than meeting the Grim Reaper in the local animal shelter’s death chamber.Virtually all clients want to provide for their pets but few actually do. Why is this? For the most part, either they do not plan their estates as is the case with most Americans or their estate planning attorneys neglect to explain how they can make arrangements for their four-legged, feathered, or scaly friends.Lawyers should, and may be ethically obligated to, inquire about their client’s pets so that they can make certain their clients’ pets are properly cared for when the client is unable to do so due to injury, illness, or death. This article provides information designed to assist estate planners to carry out the wishes of their pet owning clients.
A Spontaneous Fatp4/Scl27a4 Splice Site Mutation in a New Murine Model for Congenital Ichthyosis

Congenital ichthyoses are life-threatening conditions in humans. We describe here the identification and molecular characterization of a novel recessive mutation in mice that results in newborn lethality with severe congenital lamellar ichthyosis. Mutant newborns have a taut, shiny, non-expandable epidermis that resembles cornified manifestations of autosomal-recessive congenital ichthyosis in humans. The skin is stretched so tightly that the newborn mice are immobilized. The genetic defect was mapped to a region near the proximal end of chromosome 2 by SNP analysis, suggesting Fatp4/Slc27a4 as a candidate gene. FATP4 mutations in humans cause ichthyosis prematurity syndrome (IPS), and mutations of Fatp4 in mice have previously been found to cause a phenotype that resembles human congenital ichthyoses. Characterization of the Fatp4 cDNA revealed a fusion of exon 8 to exon 10, with deletion of exon 9. Genomic sequencing identified an A to T mutation in the splice donor sequence at the 3′-end of exon 9. Loss of exon 9 results in a frame shift mutation upstream from the conserved very long-chain acyl-CoA synthase (VLACS) domain. Histological studies revealed that the mutant mice have defects in keratinocyte differentiation, along with hyperproliferation of the stratum basale of the epidermis, a hyperkeratotic stratum corneum, and reduced numbers of secondary hair follicles. Since Fatp4 protein is present primarily at the stratum granulosum and the stratum spinosum, the hyperproliferation and the alterations in hair follicle induction suggest that very long chain fatty acids, in addition to being required for normal cornification, may influence signals from the stratum corneum to the basal cells that help to orchestrate normal skin differentiation.
Serum alkaline phosphatase inheritance in the pigeon1

Summary Serum alkaline phosphatase inheritance was studied in 126 racing homer pigeons {Columba livid). Discontinuous polyacrylamide electrophoresis was used. Gels were stained with Blue RR salts with alphanaphthyl phosphate as a substrate. Seven pheno-types were found. Inheritance was postulated to be by four codominant alleles. Gene frequencies were: q.ApA, 0.284; qApB, 0.602; qApC, 0.45; and qApD, 0.68.
EARTH LIMB ALTITUDE DETERMINATION FOR THE SOLAR MESOSPHERE EXPLORER

The SME satell ite, spin-stabil ized at five rpm, scans the atmosphere at the earth's limb once each spin in order to study ozone. The limb alti- tudes associated with these d ata are determined using t he satellite's two horizon sensors. Limb altitudes are based on a history of averaged pitch angles derived from the four horizon sensor cross- ings each spin. The results are relatively insen- sitive to errors in the trigger altitude model and the s pin-axis direction. Spin disturbances, such as thermal inertia changes, are accommodated by smoothing. The results of analysis, smoothing, and modeling are a djusted to match science instru- ment observations. This leads to limb altitude residuals on the order of one kilometer at a slant distance of 2550 km.
Recent United States and International Developments in Software Protection Part II

The first part of this article set forth a theoretical framework for interpreting copyright law in application to computer software based on program vulnerability to misappropriation. It then applied that framework to an analysis of new developments in the problem of program reverse engineering. This part analyzes the remaining two important problems now facing the courts, namely, the scope of copyright protection in a computer program and the copyright protection of user interfaces. Although the year 1992 showed important advances in US judicial thinking the copyright protection of computer software, more effort will be required before judges generally understand that copyright should not be used to protect all technological creativity and that in fact the copyright protection of functional aspects of technological works like computer programs or user interfaces must be limited by principles that prohibit misappropriation but permit ongoing technological advance.
Asphaltum (bitumen) production in everyday life on the California Channel Islands

Abstract Sequential models can be used to connect raw material culture to broader social, economic, and religious processes. The present study explores an asphaltum (bitumen) production sequence at Tule Creek Village, CA-SNI-25, a large Late Holocene site on San Nicolas Island, California. Three conclusions have been drawn from this investigation: (1) island populations used asphaltum for a variety of activities that supported everyday needs, (2) male and female tasks were spatially unsegregated, and (3) everyday asphaltum use appears in the same space as ceremonial activities, suggesting spiritual and secular realms were intricately linked. The asphaltum production sequence model built and applied here can be used to address a variety of broad anthropological questions and is applicable in regions that contain naturally occurring seeps across the globe.
The Ospar Arbitration of the Mox Plant Dispute

The MOX litigation, concerning radioactive pollution from a manufacturing plant along the Irish Sea, has been a poster child for the emerging issue of fragmentation in international law. It has involved proceedings in four different forums: an arbitral tribunal convened pursuant to the OSPAR Convention (dealing with pollution of the Northeast Atlantic), an arbitral panel established under Annex VII of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) and the European Court of Justice (ECJ). This paper is the introduction for a forthcoming volume focusing on the OSPAR piece of the MOX puzzle. The OSPAR arbitral award is notable not only for its specific conclusions regarding the nature and scope of the right of access to information, but for its more general discussion of the relationship of the OSPAR regime to other legal rules on access to information, including European Community directives and the 1998 Aarhus Convention. The majority's legalistic approach - its focus on the treaty text rather than on broader policy considerations - has engendered considerable controversy, but should not be surprising. Ireland chose to invoke a legalized method of dispute resolution to address a comparatively narrow legal issue in the MOX dispute, concerning access to information. In a field where non-legal modes of dispute resolution are on the rise, and where the lines between hard and soft law are often blurry, the tribunal's punctilious approach to the distinction between law and policy reflected its view of its proper role as a legal institution.
Technical Note: Use of belt grill cookery and slice shear force for assessment of pork longissimus tenderness

The present experiments were conducted to determine whether improved beef longissimus shear force methodology could be used to assess pork longissimus tenderness. Specifically, three experiments were conducted to: 1) determine the effect of belt grill (BG) cookery on repeatability of pork longissimus Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), 2) compare the correlation of WBSF and slice shear force (SSF) with trained sensory panel tenderness ratings, and 3) estimate the repeatability of pork longissimus SSF for chops cooked with a BG. In Exp. 1 and 2, the longissimus was removed from the left side of each carcass (Exp. 1, n = 25; Exp. 2, n = 23) at 1 d postmortem and immediately frozen to maximize variation in tenderness. In Exp. 1, chops were cooked with either open-hearth electric broilers (OH) or BG, and WBSF was measured. Percentage of cooking loss was lower (P < 0.001) and less variable for chops cooked with a BG (23.2%; SD = 1.7%) vs. OH (27.6%; SD = 3.0%). Estimates of the repeatability of WBSF were similar for chops cooked with OH (0.61) and BG (0.59). Although significant (P < 0.05), differences in WBSF (4.1 vs. 3.9 kg) between cooking methods accounted for less than 5% of the total variation in WBSF. In Exp. 2, the correlation of SSF (r = -0.72; P < 0.001) with trained sensory panel tenderness ratings was slightly stronger than the correlation of WBSF (r = -0.66; P < 0.001) with trained sensory panel tenderness ratings, indicating that the two methods had a similar ability to predict tenderness ratings. In Exp. 3, duplicate samples from 372 carcasses at 2 and 10 d postmortem were obtained, cooked with BG, and SSF was determined. The repeatability of SSF was 0.90, which is comparable to repeatability estimates for beef and lamb. Use of BG cookery and SSF could facilitate the collection of accurate pork longissimus tenderness data. Time and labor savings associated with BG cookery and the SSF technique should help to decrease research costs.
Stress as a Function of the Rate at Which Information is Presented on a Video Display Terminal

The increasing use of computers in the work environment has resulted in the need to develop human factors principles that improve human-computer interaction. Systems which are incompatible with the...
Egg yolk enhances the receptiveness of zona pellucida to sperm binding.

Purpose Our purpose was to test whether treatment of zona pellucida with egg yolk enhances its receptiveness to sperm binding. Hams F-10 supplemented with 0.06 g% freeze-dried egg yolk (TM) was evaluated using the hemizona assay. Ham's F-10 supplemented with 7.5% human serum served as the control medium (CM). Salt-stored zona pellucida were bisected and each matched hemizona processed in either TM or CM for the preincubation study or both hemizona processed in CM for the coincubation study. TEST yolk-treated sperm from 10 ejaculates were then incubated with the hemizona preincubated in TM and CM but coincubated in CM or coincubated with hemizona in TM and CM.
Influence of Constituents of the Cotton Plant on Feeding, Oviposition, and Development of the Boll Weevil

When quercetin, rutin, tannin, and gossypol were mixed in artificial adult and larval diets and fed to boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, gossypol at 1.65 and 2.65% dry weight in the adult diet plugs caused a statistically significant increase in feeding, and levels of 1.15–2.15% significantly increased oviposition. Feeding was also increased at all other levels though not significantly beyond the base level of 0.15%. Gossypol, incorporated into larval diets in concentrations of 2.0–3.5%, significantly reduced the weight of emerging weevils, but 3.5% was required before the production of adults was significantly reduced. Quercetin did not significantly reduce feeding or oviposition. At levels of 0.1–0.6%, it increased the weight of emerging weevils, but at all other levels weight was not significantly affected. Tannin and rutin at levels of 0–1.0% did not significantly increase or decrease feeding. Tannin reduced weevil weight significantly at 0.2, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0% levels; rutin at levels of 0.1–1.0% did not influence the weights of adult weevils at eclosion.
Standardization in Music Survey of College Entrance Credits and College Courses in Music

(1930). Standardization in Music Survey of College Entrance Credits and College Courses in Music. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 1, No. 7, pp. 417-417.
Evaluating interactive technology for an evolving case study on learning and satisfaction of graduate nursing students

Nursing education is challenged to prepare students for complex healthcare needs through the integration of teamwork and informatics. Technology has become an important teaching tool in the blended classroom to enhance group based learning experiences. Faculty evaluation of classroom technologies is imperative prior to adoption. Few studies have directly compared various technologies and their impact on student satisfaction and learning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate technology enhanced teaching methods on the learning and satisfaction of graduate students in an advanced pharmacology class using an unfolding case study. After IRB approval, students were randomly assigned to one of three groups: blogging group, wiki group or webinar group. Students completed the evolving case study using the assigned interactive technology. Student names were removed from the case studies. Faculty evaluated the case study using a rubric, while blinded to the assigned technology method used. No significant difference was found on case study grades, the range of grades on the assignment demonstrated little differences between the methods used. Students indicated an overall positive impact related to networking and collaboration on a satisfaction survey. Impact of technology methods needs to be explored in other areas of graduate nursing education.
Biological Characteristic of Tricholoma motsutoke Heilongjiang 0288

Took growth speed and biomass of Tricholoma motsutoke Heilongjiang 0288 as the selection standard,and the selection of Tricholoma motsutoke strain that can be used in liquid fermentation as a goal,one strain obtained from spore separation and then ultra-violet mutation showed high growth speed with average mycelia growth speed of 0.575 mm/d.The contents of polyscharides in the samples were 3.56%,8.14%,8.46% respectively when the distilled time was 0.5,1,2 h.Dry weight per 100 g wet mycelium was 10.56 g.Media Gproviding suitable nitrogen source for the mycelium growth was the best media in this story.The selected Tricholoma motsutoke strain formed mushroom balls on the fourth day and its mushroom balls were the biggest on the fifth day.The contents of polysaccharides in the samples were 3.9%,8.59%,8.73% respectively when the distilled time was 0.5,1,2 h.The mycelia dry weight reached 8.14%/100g.Liquid media were better than solid stock media for the growth Tricholoma motsutoke strain 0288,and the optimal condition for liquid mycelium culture was batch culture with fermentation tin.This strain had significant difference in mycelium dry weight and conetents of polysaccharides from other stains,and Tricholoma motsutoke fruit-body were cultured.
Galactorrhea in a young teenage girl.

(1988). Galactorrhea in a Young Teenage Girl. Hospital Practice: Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 21-28.
Reducing Time and Cost of Construction Projects by Improving the Properties of Precast Normal-weight Wall Panels☆

Abstract One way to save time, cost, and to provide an alternative to lightweight concrete in construction projects is to reduce the number of installed insulations on precast wall panels and to improve the properties of normal weight concrete panels, respectively. These goals can be achieved by improving the three properties of precast panels, such as thermal resistance, fire resistance, and heat capacity by using perlite as insulation. The main goals of this paper are getting buildings constructed or modified in less time and cost by producing superior wall panels and improving the properties of normal weight concrete panels. Superior wall panels are new panels that provide the three properties listed above. The results from sample calculations indicate considerable improvement in these properties and significant savings in terms of construction time and costs.
Changes in neurotrophic factors of adult rat laryngeal muscles during nerve regeneration

Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) leads to the loss of ipsilateral laryngeal fold movement, with dysphonia, and occasionally dysphagia. Functional movement of the vocal folds is never restored due to misrouting of regenerating axons to agonist and antagonist laryngeal muscles. Changes of neurotrophic factor expression within denervated muscles occur after nerve injury and may influence nerve regeneration, axon guidance and muscle reinnervation. This study investigates the expression of certain neurotrophic factors in the laryngeal muscles during the course of axonal regeneration using RT-PCR. The timing of neurotrophic factor expression was correlated to the reinnervation of the laryngeal muscles by motor axons. Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Netrin-1 (NTN-1) increased their expression levels in laryngeal muscles after nerve section and during regeneration of RLN. The upregulation of trophic factors returned to control levels following regeneration of RLN. The expression levels of the neurotrophic factors were correlated with the innervation of regenerating axons into the denervated muscles. The results suggest that certain neurotrophic factor expression is strongly correlated to the reinnervation pattern of the regenerating RLN. These factors may be involved in guidance and neuromuscular junction formation during nerve regeneration. In the future, their manipulation may enhance the selective reinnervation of the larynx.
Optical self-routing of 12.5-Gbit/s time-division multiplexed data

The speed of future photonic switches is limited not only by the device switching speed but by the speed of the routing controller. A data-flow bottleneck occurs at the controller if electronic Processing is used. This bottleneck can be overcome if the processing is carried out in the optical domain.
Concentrations of mineral aerosol from desert to plains across the central Rocky Mountains, western United States

Abstract Mineral dusts can have profound effects on climate, clouds, ecosystem processes, and human health. Because regional dust emission and deposition in western North America are not well understood, measurements of total suspended particulate (TSP) from 2011 to 2013 were made along a 500-km transect of five remote sites in Utah and Colorado, USA. The TSP concentrations in μg m−3 adjusted to a 24-h period were relatively high at the two westernmost, dryland sites at Canyonlands National Park (mean = 135) and at Mesa Verde National Park (mean = 99), as well as at the easternmost site on the Great Plains (mean = 143). The TSP concentrations at the two intervening montane sites were less, with more loading on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains (Telluride, mean = 68) closest to the desert sites compared with the site on the eastern slope (Niwot Ridge, mean = 58). Dust concentrations were commonly highest during late winter-late spring, when Pacific frontal storms are the dominant causes of regional wind. Low concentrations ( 10), as revealed by relatively low average daily concentrations of fine (
From Tooth Retention Through Root Canal Treatment to Extraction and Replacement

Initial nonsurgical root canal treatment (NSRCT) is highly successful, is appreciated by patients, relieves pain, and is cost-effective. Results from systematic reviews and studies with very large sample sizes show very high tooth survival rates following NSRCT. Very few patient-associated factors decrease the prognosis for healing after NSRCT. The vast majority of cases will heal following initial NSRCT; the small minority that do not heal are generally best addressed by nonsurgical retreatment. Nonsurgical retreatment is effective and conservative, addressing bacteria remaining within the root canal system. Healing rates increase over time following nonsurgical retreatment. The very small proportion of cases that do not heal after nonsurgical retreatment are best addressed by modern apical microsurgery. Additional case-specific surgical options should be considered before extraction. Intentional replantation remains a viable alternative to extraction. Autotransplantation has a place, particularly in growing patients with an appropriate donor tooth. Root amputation is effective when disease is localized to a single root where adequate remaining tooth structure and periodontal support will remain. Valid reasons to extract and replace an unhealed NSRCT tooth include lack of remaining tooth structure, high caries risk, or high periodontal risk. Not all extracted teeth need to be replaced, but when replacement is indicated, the single-tooth implant is preferred. Single-tooth implants have higher survival rates, but the natural state has intrinsic value. Comprehensive case assessment, evaluation of all endodontic options, and risk assessment for caries and periodontal disease are always necessary when choosing the optimal treatment for a patient when initial root canal treatment has failed to heal.
The Depressor Supercilii Muscle: Anatomy, Histology, and Cosmetic Implications:

Introduction:This article describes the anatomy and histology of the depressor supercilii muscle and discusses cosmetic implications.Materials and Methods:The depressor supercilii muscle was studie...
A method to model web trajectory and release in forward roll coating

The trajectory of the web at the exit of a roll coating operation can influence the quality of the final coating. While methods to model the web trajectory have been given in the literature, these methods are limited in various ways. A method is proposed to describe the web trajectory and the pressure distribution in the fluid at the exit of a forward roll coater. The Reynolds lubrication equations for the fluid are coupled with the web by a force balance on web node points. The fluid pressure in the coating layer generates forces on the web. These forces deflect the web. Integration in time gives the web dynamics. The angle that the web is pulled from the nip and the tension are found to influence the pressure pulse in the divergent section of the nip to a large extent. Low tensions lead to a second pressure pulse followed by a sub-ambient or tack pressure. Pulling the web at various angles from the nip can cause the tack pressure to increase or decrease. Pressure pulses are predicted that are comparable to measurements by a laboratory device.
Loss of TMEM106B Ameliorates Lysosomal and Frontotemporal Dementia-Related Phenotypes in Progranulin-Deficient Mice

Summary Progranulin ( GRN ) and TMEM106B are associated with several common neurodegenerative disorders including frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). A TMEM106B variant modifies GRN- associated FTLD risk. However, their functional relationship in vivo and the mechanisms underlying the risk modification remain unclear. Here, using transcriptomic and proteomic analyses with Grn −/− and Tmem106b −/− mice, we show that, while multiple lysosomal enzymes are increased in Grn −/− brain at both transcriptional and protein levels, TMEM106B deficiency causes reduction in several lysosomal enzymes. Remarkably, Tmem106b deletion from Grn −/− mice normalizes lysosomal protein levels and rescues FTLD-related behavioral abnormalities and retinal degeneration without improving lipofuscin, C1q, and microglial accumulation. Mechanistically, TMEM106B binds vacuolar-ATPase accessory protein 1 (AP1). TMEM106B deficiency reduces vacuolar-ATPase AP1 and V0 subunits, impairing lysosomal acidification and normalizing lysosomal protein levels in Grn −/− neurons. Thus, Grn and Tmem106b genes have opposite effects on lysosomal enzyme levels, and their interaction determines the extent of neurodegeneration.
Space–Time Data and Semi-saturated Fixed Effects

Often data analysts differentiate among subsets of observations, in part to allow parameter estimates to vary across these subsets. This perspective produced both analysis of variance (ANOVA) and of covariance (ANCOVA). For convenience, data analysts employ nominal measurement scale binary 0–1 variables to achieve this differentiation. Many statisticians label these variates indicator variables; many econometricians label them dummy variables. Shrinking subsets to single observations reduces the number of degrees of freedom to zero. This situation is called saturated. Because the definition of 0s and a single 1 for each indicator variable does not change from attribute to attribute, this collection of indicator variables represents fixed effects. To regain degrees of freedom, each observation needs to have, for example, repeated measures. If each set of repeated measures forms a time series, then an indicator variable can be attached to each of these time series, too. Now the number of degrees of freedom goes to zero only if an indicator variable is included for each space-time pairing (i.e., interaction). This chapter presents analyses that include the space and the time, but not the interaction, indicator variables; this is the meaning of semi-saturated. Discussion of estimated fixed effects addresses their relationship to spatial autocorrelation as well as to random effects.
The Intentional and the Grassroots Hispanic-Serving Institutions: A Critical History of Two Universities

This study examines the institutional histories of Loma Verde University and Azul City University and their development over time into Hispanic-Serving Institutions. Utilizing a theoretical framework of transformational change, we focus on various aspects of these institutions, including curriculum, the allocation of physical spaces, and the creation of programs that specifically serve Latinx students. The study makes use of archival documents that tell the story of the struggles at each institution to cultivate a campus that addressed the needs of Latinx students to promote their long-term academic success. The findings suggest that these institutions were on paths that were heavily influenced by their local contexts and student population; that the transformational process to serving Latinx students was long and faced setbacks; and that their successes came in different forms. These conclusions indicate that the histories of Hispanic-Serving Institutions may be as rich and diverse as the Latinx population itself, furthering the notion that these institutions are unique among other types of Minority-Serving Institutions.
An Introduction to Robust Estimation

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of robust estimation. It is recognized that outliers, which arise from heavy tailed distributions or are simply bad data points because of errors, have an unusually large influence on the least squares estimators. That is, the outliers pull the least squares fit toward them too much; a resulting examination of the residuals is misleading because then they look more like normal ones. Accordingly, robust methods have been created to modify least squares schemes so that the outliers have much less influence on the final estimates. One of the most satisfying robust procedures is that given by a modification of the principle of maximum likelihood. Robust methods have consequently been used successfully in many applications. There has been some evidence that adaptive procedures are of value. The basic idea of adapting is the selection of the estimation procedure after observing the data.
Estimation of visceral fat in 9- to 13-year-old girls using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and anthropometry

Objectives Accumulation of visceral fat (VF) in children increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, and measurement of VF in children using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is expensive. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) may provide a low-cost alternative. This study aims to determine if DXA VF estimates can accurately estimate VF in young girls, determine if adding anthropometry would improve the estimate and determine if other DXA fat measures, with and without anthropometry, could be used to estimate VF in young girls. Methods Visceral fat was measured at lumbar intervertebral sites (L1-L2, L2-L3, L3-L4 and L4-L5) using 3.0T MRI on 32 young girls (mean age 11.3 ± 1.3 years). VF was estimated using the GE CoreScan application. Measurement of DXA android and total body fat was performed. Weight, height and waist circumference (WC) measurements were also obtained. Results Waist circumference and body mass index were both strongly correlated with MRI, although WC was the best anthropometric covariate. Per cent fat (%fat) variables had the strongest correlation and did best in regression models. DXA %VF (GE CoreScan) and DXA android %fat and total body %fat accounted for 65% to 74% of the variation in MRI VF. Conclusion Waist circumference predicted MRI VF almost as well as DXA estimates in this population, and a combination of WC and DXA fat improves the predictability of VF. DXA VF estimate was improved by the addition of WC; however, DXA android %fat with WC was better at predicting MRI VF.