cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oxygen and strontium diffusion kinetics in apatite and potential applications to thermal history determinations

The kinetics of oxygen and strontium diffusion in natural fluorapatite (Durango, Mexico) have been measured under hydrothermal conditions using an ion microprobe. Diffusion coefficients were obtained at temperatures from 550 to 1200°C for oxygen, and 650 to 1200°C for strontium. All experiments were run at 1000 bars (100 MPa) water pressure except those designed to measure the water pressure dependence, which were at 200 to 2000 bars. The Arrhenius relations obtained for diffusion parallel to the c axis at 1000 bars water pressure are: Element D0(cm2/sec) Q(kcal/mol) T(°C) Oxygen 9·10−5 49 ± 3 550–1200 Strontium 2·10−11 25 ± 4 650–1000 Strontium 1· 105 120 ± 22 1100–1200. The diffusion coefficient for oxygen transport parallel to the c axis is approximately three orders of magnitude greater than that perpendicular to the c axis over the temperature range of the experiments. No anisotropy was observed for strontium diffusion in apatite. An increase in water pressure from 200 to 2000 bars yields an increase in D of approximately a factor of three for oxygen diffusion parallel to the c axis at 800°C. The Arrhenius relation for strontium diffusion in the temperature range 1100 to 1200°C is in good agreement with the Watsonet al. (1985) data for dry 1 atm experiments at 1050 to 1250°C. Strontium diffusion coefficients obtained in the temperature range 650 to 1000°C yield significantly greater D values than predicted by extrapolation of the high-temperature Arrhenius relation. The new data show that closure temperatures calculated for strontium diffusion in apatite are significantly lower than the hightemperature studies would predict. Thus, apatite crystals would remain open to strontium diffusional exchange well below the solidus temperature of most igneous rocks. This could result in higher 87Sr86Sr values in the apatite than the whole-rock initial value. Measurable enrichment in 87Sr86Sr values in apatite could also be produced by a later thermal disturbance at moderate geologic temperatures and durations.
Student personnel services in the university without walls

With the growth of the university without walls, or the open university, a new and expanded role can be in the making for the student personnel professional. This professional's expanded functions should center around outreach services that are necessary for the special groups the open university can serve. An active role for the student personnel professional should become a reality within the nontraditional university.
Comparative study of the angiographic morphology of coronary artery lesions treated with PTCA, directional coronary atherectomy, or high-speed rotational ablation

To evaluate trends in morphology-based intervention selection, series of 110 consecutive procedures of each of three devices, percutaneous transluminal balloon coronary angioplasty (PTCA), directional coronary atherectomy (DCA), or high-speed rotational ablation (HSRA), were reviewed. PTCA was used mainly in discrete, concentric, smooth, ACC/AHA type A and B1 lesions. PTCA was used less frequently on a bend, branching points or in calcified lesions. Using PTCA as a reference, DCA was used more often for the treatment of discrete, proximal, eccentric, and noncalcified lesions, often complicated with thrombus and located on straight segments. HSRA was used more frequently in diffuse, calcified multiple complicated and B2 + C type lesions with frequent side branches and bend points. These results suggest that directional atherectomy and rotational ablation may be helpful in expanding the capacity of the operator to approach prognostically unfavorable lesions. © Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The formation of 6-ethylsalicylic acid by Mycobacterium phlei

A new metabolite, 6-ethylsalicylic acid, was shown to accompany 6-methylsalicylic acid in cultures of Mycobacterium phlei grown on media supplemented with propionate. Mass spectral analyses of the aromatic acid fractions obtained after growth in the presence of β,β,β-tridenteropropionate demonstrate that the ethyl group derives from propionate. It is postulated that this bacterium can use a propionate ‘starter’ unit in elaboration of a polyketomethylene chain.
An Evaluation Methodology for Longitudinal Studies of Short-Term Cancer Research Training Programs

The need to familiarize medical students and graduate health professional students with research training opportunities that cultivate the appeal of research careers is vital to the future of research. Comprehensive evaluation of a cancer research training program can be achieved through longitudinal tracking of program alumni to assess the program's impact on each participant's career path and professional achievements. With advances in technology and smarter means of communication, effective ways to track alumni have changed. In order to collect data on the career outcomes and achievements of nearly 500 short-term cancer research training program alumni from 1999-2013, we sought to contact each alumnus to request completion of a survey instrument online, or by means of a telephone interview. The effectiveness of each contact method that we used was quantified according to ease of use and time required. The most reliable source of contact information for tracking alumni from the early years of the program was previous tracking results, and for alumni from the later years, the most important source of contact information was university alumni records that provided email addresses and telephone numbers. Personal contacts with former preceptors were sometimes helpful, as were generic search engines and people search engines. Social networking was of little value for most searches. Using information from two or more sources in combination was most effective in tracking alumni. These results provide insights and tools for other research training programs that wish to track their alumni for long-term program evaluation.
A tightly coupled GIS and distributed hydrologic modeling framework

Distributed, physics-based hydrologic models require spatially explicit specification of parameters related to climate, geology, land-cover, soil, and topography. Extracting these parameters from national geodatabases requires intensive data processing. Furthermore, mapping these parameters to model mesh elements necessitates development of data access tools that can handle both spatial and temporal datasets. This paper presents an open-source, platform independent, tightly coupled GIS and distributed hydrologic modeling framework, PIHMgis (www.pihm.psu.edu), to improve model-data integration. Tight coupling is achieved through the development of an integrated user interface with an underlying shared geodata model, which improves data flow between the PIHMgis data processing components. The capability and effectiveness of the PIHMgis framework in providing functionalities for watershed delineation, domain decomposition, parameter assignment, simulation, visualization and analyses, is demonstrated through prototyping of a model simulation. The framework and the approach are applicable for watersheds of varied sizes, and offer a template for future GIS-Model integration efforts. A coupled GIS and distributed hydrologic modeling framework, PIHMgis was developed.PIHMgis uses national geospatial dataset to setup, execute, and analyze simulations.Procedural framework improves model-data integration using shared geodata model.
Healthy Families and Gay Rights: A Multiple Streams Analysis of Civil Union Legislation in Illinois

Using Kingdon's (1995) multiple streams framework, this article analyzes the processes of problem definition, policy proposal, and political decision-making in the passage of civil union legislation in Illinois in 2009–2011. Prominent problem definitions emphasized family vulnerability in the health care system, eclipsing the concerns of religious organizations that the existence of civil unions violated their religious liberty. Political factors which permitted both civil unions and same-sex adoption protection included disorganized and detached opponents; a state attorney general who served as a policy entrepreneur for family rights; and postelection, strategic bipartisan negotiation which opened a narrow window for policy change. Implications for family policy issues are discussed.
Multiple-scale analysis for solitons due to Langmuir waves in plasmas

The nonlinear Schrodinger's equation, which describes the electron (Langmuir) waves in plasmas, is studied in this paper in the presence of perturbation terms. The method of multiple-scale analysis is employed to perform this study. The perturbation terms that are considered here are both local and non-local.
Low-Frequency Stable Internally Combined Volume-Surface Integral Equation for High-Contrast Scatterers

Volume integral equations (VIEs) are commonly used to analyze scattering from inhomogeneous dielectric objects. Unfortunately, when VIEs are applied to high-contrast scatterers, their discretization results in ill-conditioned systems of equations. Oftentimes volume-surface integral equations (VSIEs) are used to eliminate this effect. However, when the scatterer’s mesh has elements that are much smaller than the wavelength, VSIEs become ill-conditioned, too. This letter introduces a new set of internally combined VSIEs (ICVSIEs) that exhibit neither of these ill-conditioning phenomena. Just like in previous VSIE methods, surface currents are used to artificially increase the effective permittivity of the background medium in which volume polarization currents radiate. To remove ill-conditioning due to electrical size, coupling between the surface and volume is accounted for by judiciously adding contributions due to “exterior” and “interior” surface currents. Numerical data obtained by analyzing time-harmonic TE scattering from various 2-D layered cylinders suggests that discretization of the new ICVSIE yields matrices that are unaffected by the scatterer’s maximum permittivity and electrical size.
Effects of Methysergide and Loratadine on Food Intake, Mood, and Performance of Humans Living in a Residential Laboratory

COMER, S. D., M. HANEY, A. S. WARD, M. W. FISCHMAN AND R. W. FOLTIN. Effects of methysergide and loratadine on food intake, mood, and performance of humans living in a residential laboratory. Physiol Behav 64(2) 159–164, 1998. The effects of loratadine, a peripherally acting histamine (H1) antagonist, and methysergide, a serotonin (5-HT) antagonist, were evaluated in seven normal-weight, male research volunteers, participating in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, 17-day residential study. Participants received oral loratadine (10 or 20 mg), methysergide (4 or 8 mg), or placebo at 1000 and 1700 hours daily. Active drug was administered on Days 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15, and 16; placebo was administered on all other days. Drug and dose order were counterbalanced across participants. Food intake, performance, and subjective ratings were measured repeatedly throughout the day. Loratadine had no effect on food intake, performance, or subjective ratings. In contrast, total caloric intake significantly decreased from approximately 3500 kcal during placebo administration to 3065 kcal on the first but not the second day of methysergide administration. Consumption of carbohydrate (p < 0.055), protein, and fat decreased on the first day of methysergide administration. This decrease in food intake was due to a decrease in meal size; the number of meals consumed was not affected. The proportion of calories derived from carbohydrates significantly increased on the first day of methysergide administration. Methysergide also significantly impaired performance of a psychomotor task on the first day of high-dose administration and increased ratings of several subjective measures, including “Vomiting,” “Stomach Pain,” and “Miserable.” These results suggest that the anorectic effect occurred as a result of the somatic and mood changes produced by methysergide. In addition, the inability of loratadine to affect food intake indicates that antagonism of central histamine receptors may be responsible for the increases in food intake produced by other antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine).
RAT EAR AS A SITE FOR ADRENAL CORTICAL GRAFTS AND SUBSEQUENT EAR-ADRENALECTOMY1

SITES MOST FAVORED for grafts of adrenal cortical tissue have been the ovaries, testes, kidneys and abdominal or dorsal body muscles (1, 2). Among the disadvantages of these locations are: a), lack of visibility; b), uncertainty as to whether life is being maintained by graft development and function or hypertrophy of accessory cortical tissue (or bits of cortex proper not removed at operation) or both; c), removal of the graft involves anesthesia and traumatic shock comparable to that encountered in ordinary adrenalectomy; and finally d), uncertainty of complete removal of the graft. Thus it appeared desirable to select a site that was visible and to develop a method of transplantation that subsequently would enable the investigator to remove all of the graft quickly, with little or no anesthetic, and with negligible trauma.
On the Uniqueness and Globality of Optimal Data Gathering Strategies

It was shown in a previous publication that, in order to minimize the prediction error of a statistical model with a discrete dependent variable, it is possible to design an optimal survey by solving a nonlinear mathematical program with linear constraints. It is shown here that this mathematical program is a convex programming problem and that the gradient and Hessian of the objective function admit a closed form. Consequently, very efficient optimal seeking methods which guarantee a globally optimal sampling strategy can be used. As a byproduct of the analysis a simple test for multicollinearity was also developed.
Pollen and water limitation in Astragalus scaphoides, a plant that flowers in alternate years

Mast seeding is common in plant populations, but its causes have rarely been tested experimentally. We tested mechanisms of alternate-year flowering and fruit set in an iteroparous, bee-pollinated, herbaceous plant, Astragalus scaphoides, in semi-arid sagebrush steppe. Patterns of reproduction from 1986 to 1999 indicated that spring precipitation was a cue for synchronous flowering, and that increased pollination in high-flowering years was a fitness advantage of synchrony. We tested these patterns by adding supplemental water and pollen to plants in high- and low-flowering sites and years. Supplemental water had no effect on flowering or seed set, so water is not a proximate cue for reproduction, though it could be important over longer (>3 year) time scales. Supplemental pollination increased fruit set in low- but not high-flowering years, indicating that synchronous flowering increases pollination success. Many shorter-term studies also report increased fruit set after pollen supplementation, but not after resource addition. This pattern may reflect the fact that plants can store and reallocate resources, but not pollen, across multiple years. For animal-pollinated herbs such as these, uniting theories about pollination ecology and mast seeding may promote an understanding of the mechanisms that determine patterns of reproduction over time.
The heterojunction parameters from a microscopic point of view

The use of surface-sensitive experimental techniques has produced in recent years important advances in the understanding of the microscopic nature of heterojunction parameters. In particular, valence band discontinuity has been measured for a large number of interfaces by photoemission spectroscopy and the results identify the LCAO approach by Harrison (1977) as the best first-order calculation of this parameter. Local effects, however, limit the accuracy of the estimate to 0.2-0.3 eV. Some evidence has been obtained to show that surface defects play an important role in the interface Fermi-level pinning for heterojunctions involving III-V compounds, and therefore in the establishment of the built-in potential
Effects of Na/K-ATPase and its ligands on bone marrow stromal cell differentiation

Endogenous ligands of Na/K-ATPase have been demonstrated to increase in kidney dysfunction and heart failure. It is also reported that Na/K-ATPase signaling function effects stem cell differentiation. This study evaluated whether Na/K-ATPase activation through its ligands and associated signaling functions affect bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs, also known as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells) differentiation capacity. BMSCs were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats and cultured in minimal essential medium alpha (MEM-α) supplemented with 15% Fetal Bovine serum (FBS). The results showed that marinobufagenin (MBG), a specific Na/K-ATPase ligand, potentiated rosiglitazone-induced adipogenesis in these BMSCs. Meanwhile, it attenuated BMSC osteogenesis. Mechanistically, MBG increased CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) protein expression through activation of an extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway, which leads to enhanced rosiglitazone-induced adipogenesis. Inhibition of ERK activation by U0126 blocks the effect of MBG on C/EBPα expression and on rosiglitazone-induced adipogenesis. Reciprocally, MBG reduced runt-related transcription factor 2 (RunX2) expression, which resulted in the inhibition of osteogenesis induced by β-glycerophosphate/ascorbic acid. MBG also potentiated rosiglitazone-induced adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and in mouse BMSCs. These results suggest that Na/K-ATPase and its signaling functions are involved in the regulation of BMSCs differentiation.
To cloud or not to cloud: A mobile device perspective on energy consumption of applications

The cloud computing paradigm enables the work anywhere anytime paradigm by allowing application execution and data storage on remote servers. This is especially useful for mobile computing and communication devices that are constrained in terms of computation power and storage. It is however not clear how preferable cloud-based applications would be for mobile device users. For users of such battery life constrained devices, the most important criteria might be the energy consumed by the applications they run. The goal of this work is to characterize under what scenarios cloud-based applications would be relatively more energy-efficient for users of mobile devices. This work first empirically studies the energy consumption for various types of applications and for multiple classes of devices to make this determination. Subsequently, it presents an analytical model that helps characterize energy consumption of mobile devices under both the cloud and non-cloud application scenarios. Finally, an algorithm GreenSpot is presented that considers application features and energy-performance tradeoffs to determine whether cloud or local execution will be more preferable.
Functional characterization of the Escherichia coli Fis-DNA binding sequence.

The Escherichia coli protein Fis is remarkable for its ability to interact specifically with DNA sites of highly variable sequences. The mechanism of this sequence-flexible DNA recognition is not well understood. In a previous study, we examined the contributions of Fis residues to high-affinity binding at different DNA sequences using alanine-scanning mutagenesis and identified several key residues for Fis–DNA recognition. In this work, we investigated the contributions of the 15-bp core Fis binding sequence and its flanking regions to Fis–DNA interactions. Systematic base-pair replacements made in both half sites of a palindromic Fis binding sequence were examined for their effects on the relative Fis binding affinity. Missing contact assays were also used to examine the effects of base removal within the core binding site and its flanking regions on the Fis–DNA binding affinity. The results revealed that: (1) the − 7G and + 3Y bases in both DNA strands (relative to the central position of the core binding site) are major determinants for high-affinity binding; (2) the C5 methyl group of thymine, when present at the + 4 position, strongly hinders Fis binding; and (3) AT-rich sequences in the central and flanking DNA regions facilitate Fis–DNA interactions by altering the DNA structure and by increasing the local DNA flexibility. We infer that the degeneracy of specific Fis binding sites results from the numerous base-pair combinations that are possible at noncritical DNA positions (from − 6 to − 4, from − 2 to + 2, and from + 4 to + 6), with only moderate penalties on the binding affinity, the roughly similar contributions of − 3A or G and + 3T or C to the binding affinity, and the minimal requirement of three of the four critical base pairs to achieve considerably high binding affinities.
M-ary distributed detection in the presence of channel estimation error

We consider a wireless sensor network, consisting of N sensors and a fusion center (FC), tasked with distributed classification of M = 2L Gaussian sources. Each sensor makes an M-ary decision, maps it to an L-bit sequence, and modulates these bits employing binary PSK (BPSK) or binary FSK (BFSK) modulators. The binary modulated symbols are transmitted over orthogonal channels, subject to noise and (Rayleigh or Rician) flat fading to the FC. To facilitate channel estimation at the FC with a coherent receiver, each sensor also sends one binary modulated training symbol. We derive the optimal fusion rules, given the channel estimates. To investigate the effect of channel estimation error on the system performance, we assume that the sum of transmit powers corresponding to training and data symbols for each sensor is fixed. We show for BPSK modulation error probability is minimized when each sensor allocates its power equally between training and data. For BFSK error is minimized when power is allotted to data symbols only.
LSD AND PHENETHYLAMINE HALLUCINOGENS: NEW STRUCTURAL ANALOGY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR RECEPTOR GEOMETRY

Abstract The hallucinogen analog trans -2-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-cyclopropylamine (DMCPA) was resolved into its two optical isomers. Examination of selected behavioral profiles in mice and cats clearly showed that the levorotatory isomer of DMCPA possesses stereoselective activity when compared with the dextro isomer. The results parallel those obtained using the isomers of the known hallucinogen, DOM (STP) in the same animal models. Comparison of the optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) curves for the N-(5-bromosalicylidene) derivatives of DMCPA and trans -2-phenylcyclopropylamine (tranylcypromine) of known absolute configuration established the configuration of DMCPA to be (-)-1R,2S. This stereoselective activity and proof of absolute configuration lend strong support to a new model of the hallucinogen receptor. The proposed model suggests possible structural similarities between LSD and phenethylamine hallucinogens.
Engineering the type III secretion system in non-replicating bacterial minicells for antigen delivery

Type III protein secretion systems are being considered for vaccine development as virtually any protein antigen can be engineered for delivery by these nanomachines into the class I antigen presentation pathway to stimulate antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells. A limitation in the use of this system is that it requires live virulence-attenuated bacteria, which may preclude its use in certain populations such as children and the immunocompromised. Here we report the engineering of the Salmonella Typhimurium type III secretion system in achromosomal, non-replicating nanoparticles derived from bacterial minicells. The engineered system is shown to be functional and capable of delivering heterologous antigens to the class I antigen presentation pathway stimulating immune responses both in vitro and in vivo. This antigen delivery platform offers a novel approach for vaccine development and cellular immunotherapy.
A real-time design of a detection and classification system for narrowband and broadband systems

The authors present a real-time signal processing system which incorporates a pattern recognition expert system for detecting narrowband and broadband signals in the presence of noise. The system-based on the AT&T Bell Laboratories DSP32 Microprocessor-detects and classifies signals by extracting parameters of the power spectrum. From the extracted shape description, decisions are made on the basis of the presence/no presence of narrowband and broadband signals. The system can detect signals from either use-defined parameters or a time-sequence sample of the desired sequence. The system was tested on real data at 0-4 kHz. Using unshaped and shaped white noise, the system successfully detected narrowband signals down to -28-dB SNR (broadband noise dominant) and -32-dB SNR (narrowband noise dominant), respectively. >
Data center topologies for mission-critical business systems

In this paper we examine the ways in which data center topology choices affect mission-critical business system availability and we propose a methodology for ensuring business resilience by assessing the risks to the mission-critical business systems and then designing a data center topology to mitigate these risks. This methodology is based on the IBM Business Resilience Framework, a framework that accounts for a wide range of concerns, from data center facilities to the business strategy and vision.
Preferential impact of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A deficiency on visceral fat in mice on high-fat diet

Accumulation of visceral fat, more so than subcutaneous fat, is strongly associated with severe metabolic complications. However, the factors regulating depot-specific adipogenesis are poorly understood. In this study, we show differential expression of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), a secreted regulator of local insulin-like growth factor (IGF) action, in adipose tissue of mice. PAPP-A mRNA expression was fivefold higher in visceral (mesenteric) fat compared with subcutaneous (inguinal, subscapular), perirenal, and brown fat of mice. To investigate the possible role of depot-specific PAPP-A expression in fat accumulation, wild-type (WT) and PAPP-A knockout (KO) mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for up to 20 wk. Adipocyte size increased in subcutaneous and perirenal depots similarly in WT and PAPP-A KO mice. However, fat cell size and in vivo lipid uptake were significantly reduced in mesenteric fat of PAPP-A KO compared with WT mice. After 20 wk on HFD, phosphorylation of AKT, a downstream signaling intermediate of IGF-I and insulin receptor activation, was significantly decreased by 50% in mesenteric compared with subcutaneous fat in WT mice, but was significantly increased threefold in mesenteric compared with subcutaneous fat in PAPP-A KO mice. This appeared to be because of enhanced insulin-stimulated signaling in mesenteric fat of PAPP-A KO mice. These data establish fat depot-specific expression of PAPP-A and indicate preferential impact of PAPP-A deficiency on visceral fat in the mouse that is associated with enhanced insulin receptor signaling. Thus, PAPP-A may be a potential target for treatment and/or prevention strategies for visceral obesity and related morbidities.
Applications of GSTARS computer models for solving river and reservoir sedimentation problems

GSTARS (Generalized Sediment Transport model for Alluvial River Simulation) is a series of computer models developed by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation while the author was employed by that agency. The stream tube concept is used in all GSTARS models which allow us to solve one-dimensional equations for each stream tube independently and obtain semi-two-dimensional variation of the hydraulic conditions along and across stream tubes for rivers and reservoirs. Sediment transport, scour, and deposition processes are simulated along each stream tube independently to give us a semi-three-dimensional variation of the bed geometry. Most sediment transport computer models assume that channel width is given and cannot change during the simulation process. GSTARS models apply the theory of minimum stream power to the determination of optimum channel width and channel geometry. The concepts of channel side stability, and active, inactive, and armoring layers are used in all GSTARS models for realistic long-term simulation and prediction of the scour and deposition processes in rivers and reservoirs. GSTARS models have been applied in many countries for solving a wide range of river and reservoir sedimentation problems. Case studies will be used to illustrate the applications of GSTARS computer models.
Telepresence and Sexuality: A Review and a Call to Scholars

Scholars have examined the phenomenon of telepresence, a perceptual illusion of nonmediation experienced by media users, in a wide variety of contexts. This paper explores telepresence theory and research in the rarely examined but important context of sexually arousing media content. After defining key concepts, the paper presents reasons scholars should study telepresence in the context of sexuality, reviews the evolution of relevant media technologies and the nature of relevant telepresence responses, and considers potential theoretical contributions and avenues for future research in interpersonal communication, media studies, and presence scholarship.
Kinetics of dissociation of zinc ion from carboxypeptidase A: Catalysis and inhibition by amino acids

Abstract Amino acids catalyze the reaction in which zinc is transferred from carboxypeptidase A to EDTA. The rate of the reaction is first order in amino acid concentration; a mechanism involving the formation and breakup of a ternary complex (amino acid)ZnCPA, is proposed. l -His and l -Glu appear to act as bidentate ligands in the formation of the ternary complex. The breakup of the ternary complex is assisted by hydrogen ions at pH values below about 8. In contrast to the other amino acids, l -Phe acts as an inhibitor of zinc ion dissociation. Hydrophobic binding of the aromatic ring in the hydrophobic binding pocket of the enzyme slows down the dissociation of the ternary complex. d -Phe is an even more effective inhibitor.
Automatic detection of left ventricular endocardium in cardiac images

An algorithm is presented which locates a globally optimal endocardium in cardiac images. The algorithm does not make any distinction between convex and nonconvex parts of the endocardium. More complex cost functions can be used which would allow the use of more a priori information. An interesting aspect of the algorithm is that the two searches are independent, and hence the algorithm could be implemented on a multiprocessor machine. If more operator-defined start points are available, then the number of simultaneous searches can be increased, e.g., if two start points are defined, four simultaneous searchers can be performed. >
A 1.5-V 2.4 GHz CMOS variable gain front-end for bluetooth and wireless LAN applications

This paper describes a 1.5-V 2.4 GHz variable gain front-end in a 0.18μm CMOS process. The front-end achieves conversion gains of 27.0 dB and 15.0 dB in the high gain mode (HGM) and low gain mode (LGM), respectively. It also achieves input return loss, S 11 , of −10.18 and −15.31 dB in the HGM and LGM, respectively. In the HGM and LGM, the front-end acquires double side band (DSB) NFs of 4.0 dB and 9.4 dB, respectively. In the linearity response, the front-end achieves in-band IIP3 is 0.41 dBm in the HGM. The front end consumes only 10.49 mA of current from a 1.5-V supply.
ADIABATIC MOTIONS OF CHARGED PARTICLES IN A DIPOLE MODEL OF THE MAGNETOSPHERE.

First and second adiabatic invariants of charged particle motion in calculating trajectory in combined electric-magnetic field
Emotions and Recalcitrance: Reevaluating the Perceptual Model

One central argument in favor of perceptual accounts of emotions concerns recalcitrant emotions: emotions that persist in the face of repudiating judgments. For, it is argued, to understand how the conflict between recalcitrant emotions and judgment falls short of incoherence in judgment, we need to understand recalcitrant emotions to be something like perceptual illusions of value, so that in normal, non-recalcitrant cases emotions are non-illusory perceptions of value. I argue that these arguments fail and that a closer examination of recalcitrant emotions reveals important disanalogies with perception that undermine the perceptual model of emotions.
Simulation of the Impact of Process Variation on the Optimized 10-nm FinFET

We examined the influence of process variation on device performance of the optimized 10-nm FinFET device using a fully self-consistent quantum-mechanical transport simulator based on the contact block reduction method. Sensitivity of the on-current, leakage currents, threshold voltage, drain-induced barrier lowering, and subthreshold swing for the optimized FinFET to process variation at room temperature have been investigated. Subthreshold source-to-drain leakage current is found to be the most sensitive parameter to process variation. Gate leakage current has been analyzed for both poly-Si gates and gates with the work function of 4.35 eV. For poly-Si gates, the gate leakage is found to influence the subthreshold swing below or at a gate oxide thickness of 1 nm. Device performance has also been analyzed at ldquoslow processrdquo corner to estimate the worst case degradation in performance matrices of the considered nano-FinFET.
BRAF in Melanoma: Current Strategies and Future Directions

Selective BRAF inhibitors have now been established as a standard of care option for patients diagnosed with metastatic melanoma whose tumors carry a BRAF mutation. Their successful development represents a milestone in the treatment of this disease, and has the potential to impact therapy for other malignancies as well. The use of these agents, however, has introduced a number of critical questions about the optimal use and selection of patients for BRAF inhibitor therapy. This review discusses the current status of BRAF inhibitor clinical development, the clinicopathologic features of BRAF -mutated melanoma, as well as strategies for overcoming resistance. Clin Cancer Res; 19(16); 4326–34. ©2013 AACR .
Quench and Tempered Martensitic Steels: Microstructures and Performance

This chapter reviews the role of carbon in the development of the microstructure, substructure, mechanical properties, and fracture of carbon and low-alloy steels quenched to martensite and tempered over a range of temperatures. The structures are characterized by light optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, mechanical properties and deformation behavior are described relative to uniaxial tensile testing and Charpy V-Notch impact testing. Quite different microstructures and performance developed by low-temperature-tempering at tempering temperatures between 150 and 200 °C and by high-temperature-tempering at tempering temperatures roughly between 500 and 650 °C are discussed and related to strain hardening, which produces good combinations of strength and toughness by plastic deformation and ductile fracture. Not all quench and tempering treatments for all steels produce microstructures with good toughness. The chapter also describes the conditions and causes of various embrittlement mechanisms.
The effects of licofelone, a dual lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibitor, with and without rosiglitazone in human MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells

1537 Background: Clinical and preclinical studies suggest that cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors reduce the risk of various cancers, however, their administration is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. Agents with 5-LOX/COX inhibition provide a possible approach for improving chemopreventive efficacy without unwanted side effects. COX and LOX inhibition have also been associated with an increase in PPAR γ expression. The present experiments tested the effects of licofelone (L) in breast cancer cell lines and assessed whether dual inhibition of LOX and COX may potentiate the action of rosiglitazone (R). Methods: MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were exposed to sub-toxic concentrations of L and R alone and in combination and analyzed for growth inhibition (MTT method), apoptosis (EB-AO and DAPI methods), cell-cycle analysis (flow cytometry), and protein expression (immunoblot method). Results: L and R inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner in both cell lines. Combination therapy resulted i...
Prospective Comparison of Blood Culture Bottles and Conventional Swabs for Microbial Identification of Suspected Periprosthetic Joint Infection.

Abstract Background Early, accurate detection of infection is vital to successful treatment of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Currently, no "gold standard" diagnostic testing exists. The goal of this prospective study was to compare the efficacy of a blood culture bottle system (BCBS) to commonly used culture swabs in confirming PJI in patients with high clinical suspicion. Methods Patients were selected for enrollment based on Musculoskeletal Infection Society guidelines for PJI. erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were obtained before aspiration. Aspirated fluid was divided between BCBS, swab, and synovial fluid analysis. Forty-nine samples were analyzed. Results BCBS yielded 41 positive cultures vs 19 with swab ( P Staphylococcus epidermidis . There were no false positive results in the BCBS group, using strict Musculoskeletal Infection Society guidelines. Conclusion BCBS increased identification of pathogens in lower extremity PJI, providing clinicians with a low-cost, broadly-applicable test.
Speech emotion recognition using deep neural network and extreme learning machine.

Speech emotion recognition is a challenging problem partly because it is unclear what features are effective for the task. In this paper we propose to utilize deep neural networks (DNNs) to extract high level features from raw data and show that they are effective for speech emotion recognition. We first produce an emotion state probability distribution for each speech segment using DNNs. We then construct utterance-level features from segment-level probability distributions. These utterancelevel features are then fed into an extreme learning machine (ELM), a special simple and efficient single-hidden-layer neural network, to identify utterance-level emotions. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach effectively learns emotional information from low-level features and leads to 20% relative accuracy improvement compared to the stateof-the-art approaches.
Predicting the Winner of Tied National Football League Games Do the Details Matter

We construct a data set of all 429 tied at the half regular season National Football League (NFL) games between 1994 and 2012. We then examine whether or not the path taken to reach the tie (e.g., ...
Wavefront and Polarization Control with Metasurfaces

Optically/electrically-thin metasurfaces that can steer, focus, and manipulate the polarization of transmitted electromagnetic waves are developed using systematic design procedures and planar fabrication processes.
New Vacuum Ultraviolet Wavelengths and Revised Energy Levels in the Second Spectrum of Zinc (Zn ii).

Spectra from sliding spark discharges between zinc electrodes and from a hollow-cathode source were photographed in the range 2105-1400 A with the NBS 10.7 m vacuum spectrograph. New measurements of 130 Zn ii lines in this region, combined in some cases with previous measurements in the air region, were used to derive revised positions for the known levels. Wavelengths calculated from these levels are given for 267 lines in the region 2570-730 A. The line list also includes unclassified Zn ii lines below 2570 A, based on the most complete description of this spectrum [A. M. Crooker and K. A. Dick, Can. J. Phys. 46, 1241 (1968)]. A few additions to the line list of Crooker and Dick above 2700 A are given. The line and level lists take into account recent work at the National Bureau of Standards on the Zn ii analysis.
Characteristics and performance of offset phase locked single frequency heterodyned laser systems

We demonstrate and characterize the performance of two heterodyned optical phase locked loop (PLL) laser systems for use in characterizing photodetector RF frequency response and nonlinearities. Descriptions of PLL circuit parameters for Nd:YAG non-planar ring oscillator lasers at 1064 nm and 1319 nm, and Er ion fiber lasers from 1530 nm to 1565 nm are presented. Both laser systems have piezoelectric transducer wavelength control over the PLL voltage controlled oscillator circuit. Offset frequency phase locking from 1.5 kHz to 51+ GHz is demonstrated. Frequency stability at 10 MHz is measured to be ±50 μHz, limited by the stability of the Rb stabilized crystal oscillator. Phase noise of the phase-locked 1319 nm laser system is discussed where we find that the phase noise is dominated by the input source noise at frequency offsets below 100 Hz and by the laser’s RIN noise at frequency offsets > 100 Hz. Comparing nonlinearity data from an InGaAs p-i-n photodiode using both 1319 nm and 1550 nm PLL nonlinearity measurement systems, we find two new separate photodetector nonlinearity mechanisms. Measurements of the harmonic components of a 11 MHz sinusoidal heterodyned optical beat note signal are found to be at or below 1 nW/mW for the second harmonic (at 22 MHz) and at or below 0.25 nW/mW for the 3rd harmonic (at 33 MHz), confirming the nearly pure sinusoidal nature of the optically generated microwave beat note.
Effects of myristate phorbol ester on V-ATPase activity and Na(+)-H+ exchange in alveolar macrophages.

The roles of protein Idnase C (P1(C) in regulation of the plasmalemmal vacuolar-type H�-ATPase (V-ATPase) and Na4-H4 exchanger (NHE) of rabbit alveolar macro- phages (m4) were investigated using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). At an extracellular pH (pH0) of 7.4 (nominal absence of C02-HC03), PMA caused a dose-dependent increase in the rate of cellular W extrusion with little change in intracellular pH (pHm). PMA caused a prolonged cytosolic acidification at pH0 � 6.8. PMA-induced changes in pH, were sensitive to bafilomycin A1, but were insensitive to amiloride. Studies of pHrecovery following intracellular acid challenge showed that both V-ATPase and the NHE were up-regulated by PMA. An inactive analog, 4a-phorbol, had no detectable effects on pHhomeostasis. These data indicate that (a) PKC is involved in regulation of V- ATPase and the NHE of resident alveolar mand (b) V- ATPase is the predominant mechanism for pH� homeostasis in unstimulated and PMA-activated mt/. j Leukoc. Biol. 57: 600-608; 1995.
History and Evolution of the Role of the Medical Director

Federal regulations that were published in 1974 required a physician to be employed full or part time as the medical director by a skilled nursing facilities. Negotiation was needed in each facility to reconcile the traditional role of the physician who cared for individual patients with the new role of the physician who would be involved in decisions regarding the care of groups of residents. Professional and provider organizations attempted to define the new role, which developed through experience, networking, and educational opportunities. A consensus conference held in January 1988 identified the functions and tasks associated with medical direction, and, subsequently, educational opportunities focusing on the competencies associated with performing these tasks and functions were developed. This article traces the history and evolution of the formalization of the medical director’s role.
Velopharyngeal function in cleft palate.

Visual assessment of velopharyngeal portal is the most effective way of determining portal function during phonation. Direct methods involve viewing the movements of the palate and pharyngeal walls either via nasal endoscopy or oral panendoscopy. Indirect methods utilize radiographic and ultrasonic techniques, though the latter are less precise than the former since they show only pharyngeal wall motion but not the region of contact or gap between velum and pharyngeal walls.
Migration mechanisms and diffusion barriers of carbon and native point defects in GaN

Carbon related defects are readily incorporated in $\mathrm{GaN}$ due to its abundance during growth both with MBE and MOCVD techniques. Employing first-principles calculations, we compute the migration barriers of carbon interstitials and we discuss possible relevant mechanisms of diffusion in the wurtzite $\mathrm{GaN}$ crystal. In addition, we calculate the migration barriers for the diffusion of the native defects of the crystal, i.e., gallium and nitrogen interstitials and vacancies. The minimum energy path and the migration barriers of these defects are obtained using the nudged elastic band method with the climbing image modification. In addition, the dimer method is used to independently determine the results. The results yield a quantitative description of carbon diffusion in $\mathrm{GaN}$ allowing for the determination of the most preferable migration paths.
Outcomes After Frontal Sinus Surgery

Assessing results in the treatment of the frontal sinus is difficult in that objective and subjective outcomes must be considered, and often, do not correlate with one another.
Finance and the Wealth of Nations

Adam Smith believed that the wealth of nations was constrained primarily by the extent of the market place. By expanding the market, the introduction of trade between regions permitted entrepreneurs to take advantage of economies of scale and hence enhance the wealth of nations. Thus for Adam Smith economic growth was primarily demand-driven. The key to overcoming existing production constraints was the expansion of demand. The obvious moral of Smith’s analysis is that no nation that aspires to be wealthy can be an island unto itself. Of course, implicit in the Smith analogy is that the internal market is already satiated with goods so that domestic market expansion is unlikely, if not impossible. In any case, the ubiquitous classical law of diminishing returns has no significant role to play in Smith’s inquiry into what limits the wealth of nations at any point of time.