cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sports Ultrasound: a fundamental skill for sports medicine fellows moving forward

The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) has released a timely and comprehensive revision to its curriculum for ultrasound (US) training for fellowship programmes.1 It is a substantial improvement from the original 2010 document and creates a high standard for programmes. It confirms AMSSM's strong position that Sports US is a fundamental skill for providers moving forward. The document’s primary aim is to provide a pathway by which a sports medicine fellow can obtain sufficient Sports US training to become proficient in its outlined core competencies. Completion of this Sports US curriculum fulfils the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine's (AIUM) requirements to perform a musculoskeletal (MSK) US examination, and the pre-requisites for the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography's (ARDMS) MSK sonography certification examination. This curriculum is a key document as the field continues to deal with critical matters affecting sports medicine practitioners such as US certifications, accreditation, third party payer issues and the significant changes occurring in the graduate medical education process. The document provides an excellent framework for fellowships to implement this curriculum through a variety of teaching modalities. They have skilfully outlined the basic structures and procedures to be learnt. One can argue on the inclusion/exclusion of some structures, but this would most likely vary by practitioner and be unlikely to achieve a full consensus. …
Social bonding: regulation by neuropeptides

Affiliative social relationships (e.g., among spouses, family members, and friends) play an essential role in human society. These relationships affect psychological, physiological, and behavioral functions. As positive and enduring bonds are critical for the overall well-being of humans, it is not surprising that considerable effort has been made to study the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie social bonding behaviors. The present review details the involvement of the nonapeptides, oxytocin (OT), and arginine vasopressin (AVP), in the regulation of social bonding in mammals including humans. In particular, we will discuss the role of OT and AVP in the formation of social bonds between partners of a mating pair as well as between parents and their offspring. Furthermore, the role of OT and AVP in the formation of interpersonal bonding involving trust is also discussed.
Transformational Leadership in the Hospitality Industry

In recent years, the hospitality industry has undergone major changes both within the industry and in its operating environment. Researchers have posited that in an environment of change, as descri...
Partial nephrectomy for pediatric renal cell carcinoma: An unusual case presentation

Nine years after successful treatment of Stage IV neuroblastoma, a 10-year-old white girl was demonstrated to have a complex cystic mass in the upper pole of her solitary right kidney. Partial nephrectomy was performed, disclosing a renal cell carcinoma, predominantly clear cell type. No metastases were detected. Renal cell carcinoma is a rare cause of secondary malignancy. Partial nephrectomy can be used successfully to treat renal cell carcinoma in children.
Nanometer-scale force sensing with MEMS devices

In recent years, many researchers have adapted lithography, deposition, and etching techniques from the IC processing community for the fabrication of micromechanical sensors. Many of the signals that these sensors are intended to detect are expressed as forces which stress or deflect the micromechanical structure. As sensors are miniaturized, these forces naturally become smaller, and techniques for detection are required to improve. Many researchers have been engaged in extending MEMS force sensing to the nanometer scale by incorporating new materials and fabrication approaches. This paper will discuss the issues and limitations related to sensing on the nanometer scale and review recent work in this field.
Coalitional Games in Receiver Cooperation for Spectrum Sharing

The issue of sharing spectrum through receiver co-operation in wireless networks is studied under the framework of coalitional game theory. In particular, we consider two illustrative network models: (1) a Gaussian interference channel with receiver cooperation and (2) a multiple access channel (MAC) with linear multiuser detection. Allowing any arbitrary sharing of the sum-rate achieved by a coalition between member links in a Gaussian interference channel, it is shown that the grand coalition (coalition of all receivers) maximizes spectrum utilization and is also stable. For the linear MMSE multiuser detector, it is shown that the grand coalition is always stable and sum-rate maximizing, while for the decorrelating multiuser detector, the above observation is shown to be true only in the high SNR regime. Finally, transmitter cooperation in the context of a Gaussian interference channel is discussed, with focus on some open problems and a simplified framework for the resulting coalitional game is proposed.
Leave it to the leaves: a molecular phylogenetic study of Malaxideae (Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae)

Nuclear ITS and plastid matK sequences were collected for 71 taxa of Malaxideae (Orchidaceae). Resulting cladograms are highly resolved and well supported by jackknife analyses. These indicate that the traditional classification system of the tribe using characters primarily related to floral morphology does not reflect the evolutionary history of these taxa. Rather, the tribe is split into two major clades: one of terrestrial species and another of epiphytes. Within the epiphytic clade, taxa with laterally compressed leaves (Oberonia) are monophyletic, whereas the remaining taxa (Liparis pro parte) have elongate conduplicate leaves and form a paraphyletic grade of at least two additional monophyletic lineages. Within the terrestrial clade, taxa with plicate leaves (Liparis p.p. and Malaxis p.p.) clearly separate from taxa with conduplicate leaves (Liparis p.p. and Malaxis p.p.). Although further taxon sampling should take place before nomenclature is changed, it seems evident that Malaxideae will need to be divided into at least seven genera. Furthermore, the transition from epiphytic to terrestrial habit is documented to have occurred only once in Malaxideae, and the value of vegetative over reproductive features in classifying some groups of orchids is again demonstrated.
DNA repair capacity of zebrafish

Damage to the genome is unavoidable in living creatures, because of sunlight exposure as well as environmental chemicals present in food and drinking water. There is a need to monitor and purify the drinking water; therefore, several methods of detection have been developed. A very promising model system for this purpose is the zebrafish (Danio rerio), which is endowed with special qualities for detecting external as well as internal abnormalities. Grossman and Wei's assay [Grossman L, Wei Q (1995) Clin Chem 12:1854-1863], which measures the expression level of a nonreplicating recombinant plasmid DNA containing a UV-damaged luciferase reporter gene, shows that zebrafish can repair chromosomal lesions to a much greater extent than the human population. This vertebrate model is still very promising after possible down-regulation of the DNA repair enzymes.
A model and regularization scheme for ultrasonic beamforming clutter reduction

Acoustic clutter produced by off-axis and multipath scattering is known to cause image degradation, and in some cases these sources may be the prime determinants of in vivo image quality. We have previously shown some success addressing these sources of image degradation by modeling the aperture domain signal from different sources of clutter, and then decomposing aperture domain data using the modeled sources. Our previous model had some shortcomings including model mismatch and failure to recover B-Mode speckle statistics. These shortcomings are addressed here by developing a better model and by using a general regularization approach appropriate for the model and data. We present results with L1 (lasso), L2 (ridge), and L1/L2 combined (elastic-net) regularization methods. We call our new method aperture domain model image reconstruction (ADMIRE). Our results demonstrate that ADMIRE with L1 regularization, or weighted toward L1 in the case of elastic-net regularization, have improved image quality. L1 by itself works well, but additional improvements are seen with elastic-net regularization over the pure L1 constraint. On in vivo example cases, L1 regularization showed mean contrast improvements of 4.6 and 6.8 dB on fundamental and harmonic images, respectively. Elastic net regularization (α = 0.9) showed mean contrast improvements of 17.8 dB on fundamental images and 11.8 dB on harmonic images. We also demonstrate that in uncluttered Field II simulations the decluttering algorithm produces the same contrast, contrast-tonoise ratio, and speckle SNR as normal B-mode imaging, demonstrating that ADMIRE preserves typical image features.
Short- and full-season soybean in stale seedbeds versus rolled-crimped winter rye mulch

Stale seedbeds areused byorganic growersto reduceweed populations prior to cropplanting. Rye mulches, derivedfrom mechanically killed (rolled and crimped) winter rye cover crops, can serve the same purpose for spring-planted organic crops. Both methods can also be employed by conventional growers who face looming problems with herbicide resistant weeds. The objective of this research was to compare these methods over 2 years in central Minnesota in terms of weed seedling emergence, populations, biomass and manual-weeding times, as well as stands and yields of short-season and full-season soybean varieties planted late, in mid June. Rye mulch greatly lowered both pre- and post-planting weed populations of common annual weeds, which substantially affected necessity for augmented weed control. For instance, the need for within-crop manual-weeding waslowfor soybean planted into rye mulch (0–6hha �1 ), butrangedfrom 15to 66hha �1 of labor for soybean planted in stale seedbeds and augmented by inter-row cultivation. However, rye mulch lowered soybean yield potential by 800–1000kgha �1 compared with stale seedbeds in 1 of 2 years. With organic feedgrade soybean seed valued at$1kg �1 , conventional soybean seed at $0.5kg �1 ,and labor for manual-weeding at$10h �1 , the use of rye mulch compared with stale seedbeds augmented by manual-weeding are equally rational choices for organicgrowersincentralMinnesota(assuming laborisavailableforhand-weeding),butryemulches probablywouldbe a wise financial option for conventional growers compared with hand-weeding. Lastly, full-season soybean had higher yields than short-season soybean and probably represents a prudent selection in central Minnesota, regardless of the late planting date requirements for both the rye mulch and stale seedbed systems.
“Why Is This So Hard?” A Review of Detection of Malingered ADHD in College Students

Objective: The purpose of this article is to review studies that have investigated malingered ADHD in college students and offer recommendations for assessing effort in clinical evaluations of ADHD in college students. Method: This article identified and summarized nineteen peer-reviewed, empirical studies published between 2002 and 2011 that investigated malingered ADHD in college students. Results: Few of the measures examined proved useful for detecting malingered ADHD. Most self-report questionnaires were not sensitive to malingering. While there is some variability in the usefulness of neuropsychological test failure, profiles between malingerers and individuals with ADHD are too similar to confidently detect malingered ADHD. Failure of three or more symptom validity tests proved most useful at detecting malingered ADHD. Conclusion: This review suggests that there is substantial need for measures designed specifically for detecting malingered ADHD simulators are able to produce plausible profiles on ...
Analysis of Incomplete Climate Data: Estimation of Mean Values and Covariance Matrices and Imputation of Missing Values.

Estimating the mean and the covariance matrix of an incomplete dataset and filling in missing values with imputed values is generally a nonlinear problem, which must be solved iteratively. The expectation maximization (EM) algorithm for Gaussian data, an iterative method both for the estimation of mean values and covariance matrices from incomplete datasets and for the imputation of missing values, is taken as the point of departure for the development of a regularized EM algorithm. In contrast to the conventional EM algorithm, the regularized EM algorithm is applicable to sets of climate data, in which the number of variables typically exceeds the sample size. The regularized EM algorithm is based on iterated analyses of linear regressions of variables with missing values on variables with available values, with regression coefficients estimated by ridge regression, a regularized regression method in which a continuous regularization parameter controls the filtering of the noise in the data. The regularization parameter is determined by generalized cross-validation, such as to minimize, approximately, the expected mean-squared error of the imputed values. The regularized EM algorithm can estimate, and exploit for the imputation of missing values, both synchronic and diachronic covariance matrices, which may contain information on spatial covariability, stationary temporal covariability, or cyclostationary temporal covariability. A test of the regularized EM algorithm with simulated surface temperature data demonstrates that the algorithm is applicable to typical sets of climate data and that it leads to more accurate estimates of the missing values than a conventional noniterative imputation technique.
Self-Assembling, Low-Cost, and Modular mm-Scale Force Sensor

The innovation in surgical robotics has seen a shift toward flexible systems that can access remote locations inside the body. However, a general reliance on the conventional fabrication techniques ultimately limits the complexity and the sophistication of the distal implementations of such systems, and poses a barrier to further innovation and widespread adoption. In this paper, we present a novel, self-assembling force sensor manufactured using a composite lamination fabrication process, wherein linkages pre-machined in the laminate provide the required degrees-of-freedom and fold patterns to facilitate self-assembly. Using the purely 2-D fabrication techniques, the energy contained within a planar elastic biasing element directly integrated into the laminate is released post-fabrication, allowing the sensor to self-assemble into its final 3-D shape. The sensors are batch-fabricated, further driving down the production costs. The transduction mechanism relies on the principle of light intensity modulation, which allows the sensor to detect axial forces with millinewton-level resolution. The geometry of the sensor was selected based on the size constraints inherent in minimally invasive surgery, as well as with a specific focus on optimizing the sensor’s linearity. The sensor is unique from the fiber-based force sensors in that the emitter and the detector are encapsulated within the sensor itself. The bare sensor operates over a force range of 0–200 mN, with a sensitivity of 5 V/N and a resolution of 0.8 mN. The experimental results show that the sensor’s stiffness can be tuned using a thicker material for the spring layer and/or encapsulation/integration with soft materials. The empirical validation shows that the sensor has the sensitivity and the resolution necessary to discern the biologically relevant forces in a simulated cannulation task.
Quasi-elastic electron scattering from 238U.

Rosenbluth separations of electron scattering response functions for uranium targets were made with data using measurements from five laboratory angles (60/sup 0/, 90/sup 0/, 134.5/sup 0/, 140/sup 0/, and 160/sup 0/) at three-momentum transfers ranging from 280 to 500 MeV/c. The separations were made to determine if previously reported quenching of the longitudinal response function persisted in targets with large atomic number. The results are compared to relativistic Fermi gas calculations and calculations following the formalism of Rosenfelder. The measured transverse response functions agree quite well with the Rosenfelder-type calculations and almost as well with the relativistic Fermi gas calculations. The measured longitudinal response functions show significant quenching at low q. This quenching diminishes with increasing q but is never quite overcome.
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: an Update

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are rare and comprise only 1–2 % of all pancreatic neoplastic disease. Although the majority of these tumors are sporadic (90 %), pNETs can arise in the setting of several different hereditary genetic syndromes, most commonly multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). The presentation of pNETs varies widely, with over 60 % having malignant distant disease at the time of initial diagnosis involving the liver or other distant sites. Functioning pNETs represent approximately 10 % of all pNETs, secrete a variety of peptide hormones, and are responsible for several clinical syndromes caused by profound hormonal derangement. Surgery remains the cornerstone of therapy and the only curative approach. It should be pursued for localized disease and for metastatic lesions amenable to resection. Multimodality therapies, including liver-directed therapies and medical therapy, are gaining increasing favor in the treatment of advanced pNETs. Their utility is multifold and spans from ameliorating symptoms of hormonal excess (functional pNETs) to controlling the local and systemic disease burden (non-functional pNETs). The recent introduction of target molecular therapy has promising results especially for the treatment of progressive well-differentiated G1/G2 tumor. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and give an update on recent advancements made in the therapeutic strategies for pNETs.
Anonymity and Response by Salespeople to a Mail Questionnaire

Response rates, item omissions, response patterns, personality characteristics, and job performance were tested for relationships to anonymity on questionnaires mailed to the salesmen of a national organization. No significant differences were found between the identified group and the anonymous group.
Setting and Enlightenment of the Curriculum of Sports Management Master in America

The setting of the curriculum of sports management master in American colleges owns different characteristics. The emphasis of courses in public colleges is different from that of private colleges,and the focus of courses in colleges of education is different from that of colleges of business. However,in general,the curriculum of sports management master consists of three parts,namely,core courses,secondary core courses and optional courses. And there is an obvious commercial orientation in the core courses. The curriculum of sports management master in American colleges emphasizes basic theories,focuses on practice,attaches great importance to interdiscipline,and keeps pace with times,which provides important enlightenment for the setting of the curriculum of sports management master in our country.
Results Analysis of Physical Examination on Radiation Workers in Zhoukou City during 2006-2009

[Objective] To understand the health status of radiation workers in Zhoukou City,and provide reference for radiological protection.[Methods]Health examination data of 2273 radiation workers and 195 health people in Zhoukou City during 2006-2009 were statistically analyzed.[Results]The proportion was up to 41.22% for the radiation workers with abnormal physical examination results.And the prevalence,eye-like lens opacities rate,chromosome aberration,and micronucleus rate of radiation workers were higher than those of the control group.[Conclusion]The probability of suffering from various diseases of radiation workers in Zhoukou City is higher than that of control group.Long-term and low-dose radiation damage on the human body can not be ignored;the radiological protection should be strengthened on workers.
The Moving Appeal: Mr. McClanahan, Mrs. Dill and the Civil War's Great Newspaper Run by B.G. Ellis. Mercer, GA: Mercer University Press, 2003. 677 pp

(2003). The Moving Appeal: Mr. McClanahan, Mrs. Dill and the Civil War's Great Newspaper Run by B.G. Ellis. Mercer, GA: Mercer University Press, 2003. 677 pp. American Journalism: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 119-120.
Analysis of factors contributing to success in a program of micromanipulation-assisted fertilization

Objective To determine factors important to clinical success in micromanipulation-assisted in vitro fertilization (IVF). Design Procedures invoked in two separate series of micromanipulation-assisted IVF cycles, one unsuccessful (series I) and the other successful (series II), were compared in an effort to identify changes that led to clinical success. Setting University-based IVF clinic. Patients In both IVF series involving micromanipulation, patients consisted of infertile couples who fit any of five categories of male-factor related infertility. The female patients underwent controlled hyperstimulation for oocyte retrieval and the oocytes were inseminated normally or were subjected either to partial zona dissection or subzonal sperm insertion to assist fertilization. Results in all groups were compared between the two patient series. Results In the successful series II, a noticeable improvement in fertilization rate and embryo quality was observed compared with series I. A significant increase in the percentage of patients reaching embryo transfer, the pregnancy rate per transfer, and the pregnancy rate per retrieval were noted in series II; a 25% ongoing pregnancy rate per retrieval was observed overall in this successful group, with "ongoing" defined as manifestation of at least a fetal sac on ultrasound with no detectable problems. Patients with a mixed transfer of embryos derived from manipulated and normally inseminated oocytes had a 75% rate of pregnancy per transfer in series II. Differences between the two series could not be attributed to patient selection or biases in selection of oocytes relegated to micromanipulation. However, oocyte handling, micromanipulation, and culture protocols differed significantly between the two series in that temperature and pH of oocytes was better controlled, and micromanipulation time was minimized in series II. Conclusion Success in micromanipulation depends on maintenance of the oocyte in a stable and supportive environment throughout the micromanipulation procedure. It is also important to minimize trauma to the eggs by performing micromanipulation rapidly and with minimal distortion of the egg. Patients with a poor fertilization rate in standard IVF may experience a substantial increase in the likelihood of pregnancy when micromanipulation-assisted fertilization is performed on some eggs.
Medical qualification of a commercial spaceflight participant: Not your average astronaut

Background Candidates for commercial spaceflight may be older than the typical astronaut and more likely to have medical problems that place them at risk during flight. Since the effects of microgravity on many medical conditions are unknown, physicians have little guidance when evaluating and certifying commercial spaceflight participants. This dynamic new era in space exploration may provide important data for evaluating medical conditions, creating appropriate medical standards, and optimizing treatment alternatives for long-duration spaceflight. Case A 57-yr-old spaceflight participant for an ISS mission presented with medical conditions that included moderately severe bullous emphysema, previous spontaneous pneumothorax with talc pleurodesis, a lung parenchymal mass, and ventricular and atrial ectopy. The medical evaluation required for certification was extensive and included medical studies and monitoring conducted in analogue spaceflight environments including altitude chambers, high altitude mixed-gas simulation, zero-G aircraft, and high-G centrifuge. To prevent recurrence of pneumothorax, we performed video-assisted thoracoscopic pleurodesis, and to assess lung masses, several percutaneous or direct biopsies. The candidate's 10-d mission was without incident. Conclusion Non-career astronauts applying for commercial suborbital and orbital spaceflight will, at least in the near future, challenge aerospace physicians with unknowns regarding safety during training and flight, and highlight important ethical and risk-assessment problems. The information obtained from this new group of space travelers will provide important data for the evaluation and in-flight treatment of medical problems that space programs have not yet addressed systematically, and may improve the medical preparedness of exploration-class missions.
7 – Outdoor durability of wood–polymer composites

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights that wood-plastic composite (WPC) lumber is promoted as a low-maintenance, high-durability product. However, after a decade of exterior use in the construction industry, questions have arisen regarding durability. Those questions are based on documented evidence of failures in the field of WPC decking products due to such impacts as polymer degradation, wood decay, and susceptibility to mold, which negatively impact the aesthetic qualities of the product. The industry has responded to problems associated with first-generation products by improving the WPC formulations. The work summarized in the chapter suggests that controlling moisture is the key to not only decreasing losses in performance due to moisture absorption but also increasing weathering performance and resistance to biological attack. Therefore, it is not surprising that in the future, WPCs with improved durability will be less susceptible to moisture. New methods to modify the fiber or the composite will be developed. Modifying the composite can include surface coatings. Methods for embossing a grain pattern onto the surface without disrupting the protective plastic-rich layer will also provide improved moisture resistance.
FRI0252 Efficacy of Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) versus Oral Cyclophosphamide (CYC) on Skin Thickness in The Scleroderma Lung Study II

Background Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has been shown to improve skin thickness, as assessed by the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS), in patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) in retrospective analyses of different cohorts (1). In addition, oral cyclophosphamide (CYC) had a favorable impact on mRSS in SLS-I (2). Objectives Our objectives were to: 1. Assess the impact of MMF and CYC on the mRSS in a randomized controlled trial of MMF vs. oral CYC in patients with symptomatic scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease (SLS II) over 24 months, and 2. Compare the improvement in mRSS in the SLS I vs. SLS II cohorts at 6 and 12 months. Methods 142 patients with SSc-ILD were randomized in the SLS II. Patients received MMF (≤3 g daily) for two years or oral CYC (≤2 mg per kilogram of body weight) for one year followed by placebo twice daily for an additional year. In addition, we compared the change in mRSS in the dcSSc subset in the SLS-II vs. SLS-I oral CYC (≤2 mg per kilogram of body weight) and matching placebo prescribed for 1 year. Results The baseline (mean± SD) disease duration was 2.6±1.8 years and mRSS was 14.0±10.6 for CYC and 15.3±10.4 for MMF groups in the SLS II; 58.5% were classified as dcSSc and 42.5% were classified as limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc). Both treatments were associated with improvement in mRSS over the period of 24 months but there was no statistically significant between 2 groups at any time points in the dcSSc and lcSSc subsets (p>0.05 for all comparisons). The mean improvement in the CYC group was 1.4 vs. 2.0 in the MMF group in the lcSSc subset and 8.0 vs. 6.3 in the dcSSc subset at 24 months. For our second objective, there was no statistical difference in the baseline mRSS scores in the dcSSc in SLS-I (mean disease duration=3.1 years) and SLS-II (mean disease duration=2.5 years) trials (Table). In addition, the change in mRSS at 6- and 12-month period was similar in the SLS-II pooled (MMF+ CYC) and SLS-I CYC groups (Table; p>0.05). In contrast, SLS-II pooled and SLS-I CYC groups showed statistically significant improvement at 12-month period vs. SLS-1 placebo group (p Conclusions In the SLS II, 2 years of daily MMF and 1-year of CYC were associated with clinically important improvements in mRSS in the dcSSc over 24 months. The change in mRSS in the SLS-II paralleled that in the SLS-I CYC group and was significantly superior to the SLS-I placebo group. These data support the use of MMF or CYC for management of skin fibrosis in early dcSSc. References Le et al Ann Rheum Dis 2011 Tashkin et al NEJM 2006 Acknowledgement SLS I and SLS II were funded by NIH/NHLBI Disclosure of Interest None declared
Depth-wise distribution of 238U, 232Th and 40K in sand samples of high background radiation areas (Tamilnadu coast), India.

To understand the depth wise distribution of the primordial radionuclides, especially in high background radiation areas, their radioactivity content in sand samples at three different depths have been studied. While 232Th activity content keeps decreasing up to 43% at first foot depth as compared to top surface, 238U and 40K activity contents remain almost same, though they too record marginally higher activity on the top surface samples. From the radiation protection point of view, keeping ALARA in mind, it is prudent if the beach sands used in construction and other industries are taken from below 05 cm sand samples.
The Role of Image Analysis Algorithms in Super-resolution Localization Microscopy

Abstract Super-resolution localization microscopy enables imaging of live and fixed cells with nanoscale resolution. The innovations that drive these techniques are a combination of switchable fluorophores and clever image analysis algorithms that identify single-fluorophore images and then localize the fluorophores. The performance of these algorithms affects the quality and resolution of the reconstructed image through two mechanisms. First, algorithm performance determines the maximum precision with which the fluorophores can be localized. Second, algorithm performance determines the fraction of fluorophores that are successfully identified for analysis. The proper identification of single-fluorophore images is necessary for acquiring sufficient spatial information, and the proper rejection of multi-fluorophore images (or, alternately, their identification for fitting to a multi-fluorophore model) is necessary for assuring image quality. Together, these considerations dictate the maximum achievable experimental speed, by determining the maximum fraction of fluorophores that can be activated in a given frame.
Editorial: Advances in UV Ground- and Space-based Measurements and Modeling II

This PDF file contains the editorial “Editorial: Advances in UV Ground- and Space-based Measurements and Modeling II” for OE Vol. 44 Issue 04
Explaining Death by Tornado: Religiosity and the God-Serving Bias

Two self-report experiments examined how religiosity affects attributions made for the outcome of a tornado. Undergraduate students (N = 533) and online adults (N = 537) read a fictional vignette a...
An iterative computational design approach to increase the thermal endurance of a mesophilic enzyme

Strategies for maximizing the microbial production of bio-based chemicals and fuels include eliminating branched points to streamline metabolic pathways. While this is often achieved by removing key enzymes, the introduction of nonnative enzymes can provide metabolic shortcuts, bypassing branched points to decrease the production of undesired side-products. Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) can provide such a shortcut in industrially promising thermophilic organisms; yet to date, this enzyme has not been found in any thermophilic organism. Incorporating nonnative enzymes into host organisms can be challenging in cases such as this, where the enzyme has evolved in a very different environment from that of the host. In this study, we use computational protein design to engineer the Zymomonas mobilis PDC to resist thermal denaturation at the growth temperature of a thermophilic host. We generate thirteen PDC variants using the Rosetta protein design software. We measure thermal stability of the wild-type PDC and PDC variants using circular dichroism. We then measure and compare enzyme endurance for wild-type PDC with the PDC variants at an elevated temperature of 60 °C (thermal endurance) using differential interference contrast imaging. We find that increases in melting temperature (Tm) do not directly correlate with increases in thermal endurance at 60 °C. We also do not find evidence that any individual mutation or design approach is the major contributor to the most thermostable PDC variant. Rather, remarkable cooperativity among sixteen thermostabilizing mutations is key to rationally designing a PDC with significantly enhanced thermal endurance. These results suggest a generalizable iterative computational protein design approach to improve thermal stability and endurance of target enzymes.
FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION BY VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES WITH RELAXED CONTINUITY REQUIREMENTS

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on finite element formulation by variational principles with relaxed continuity requirements. The finite element method has long been recognized as an extension of the well-known Ritz procedure for constructing approximate solutions to the governing variational principle associated by a given boundary value problem. The method was originally used in the analysis of solid mechanics problems and several alternative variational principles in elasticity have been employed in the finite element formulation. As in the finite element method a continuum is subdivided by finite element mesh, it is possible to modify the variational principles by allowing discontinuous fields at the interelement boundaries and hence, to create the so-called hybrid models in finite element analyses. The chapter reviews various finite element formulations for two typical partial differential equations. The first one involves the harmonic equation which has its application in many continuum mechanics problems typical of which are torsion of prismatic bars, deflection of stretched membranes, heat conduction, and potential flow. The second one is associated with the bi-harmonic equation which is associated, for example, with the bending of thin plates.
Records and Extremal Processes

Many natural questions about extremes need a stochastic process context for precise formulation. Imagine observing X 1, X 2,... at a rate of one per unit of time. Suppose while observing we compute the maxima M 1, M 2,.... We may ask how often or at what frequency does the maximum change. A change in the maximum means a record was observed, a record being a value larger than previous values. So the previous question is equivalent to asking how often records occur. Also, at what indices do records occur and do the actual record values have any pattern?
Museum Education as Curriculum: Four Models, Leading to a Fifth.

Though art educators in museums and in schools share content fields and professional backgrounds, they operate under quite different practical constraints. The autonomy of museum education, shaped ...
Comparing the communication habits between residents and consultant fellows: recommendations for curriculum development

Interprofessional communication, in conjunction with coordination of care between teams, is critical for high-value care in hospital-based units. The consultation process is often the first step in...
Association between atopic dermatitis and extracutaneous bacterial and mycobacterial infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with increased bacterial colonization and infection of skin and multiple risk factors for extracutaneous infections. However, previous studies found conflicting results about whether AD is associated with increased extracutaneous infections. Objective To determine whether extracutaneous bacterial and mycobacterial infections are increased in AD. Methods A systematic review was performed of all published observational studies with controls in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Resource of EczemA Trials, Cochrane, and Web of Science that assessed extracutaneous infections in AD. Pooled meta-analysis was performed by using random-effects weighting. Results Overall, 7 studies met inclusion criteria. All 7 studies found an increased odds for at least 1 extracutaneous infection, including endocarditis, meningitis, encephalitis, bone and joint infections, and sepsis, in AD patients. In pooled meta-analysis, AD in children and adults was associated with a higher odds of ear infection (odds ratio [OR] 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-1.43), strep throat (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.66-3.22), and urinary tract infection (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.66-3.22) but not pneumonia (OR 1.72, 95% CI 0.75-3.98). No publication bias was detected. Limitations Individual-level data were not available. Conclusion AD patients have higher odds of extracutaneous infections. Future studies are needed to confirm these associations and determine their mechanisms.
Real or fake? Natural and artificial social stimuli elicit divergent behavioural and neural responses in mangrove rivulus, Kryptolebias marmoratus.

Understanding how the brain processes social information and generates adaptive behavioural responses is a major goal in neuroscience. We examined behaviour and neural activity patterns in socially...
Plaster: an integration, benchmark, and development framework for metadata normalization methods

The recent advances in the automation of metadata normalization and the invention of a unified schema --- Brick --- alleviate the metadata normalization challenge for deploying portable applications across buildings. Yet, the lack of compatibility between existing metadata normalization methods precludes the possibility of comparing and combining them. While generic machine learning (ML) frameworks, such as MLJAR and OpenML, provide versatile interfaces for standard ML problems, they cannot easily accommodate the metadata normalization tasks for buildings due to the heterogeneity in the inference scope, type of data required as input, evaluation metric, and the building-specific human-in-the-loop learning procedure.We propose Plaster, an open and modular framework that incorporates existing advances in building metadata normalization. It provides unified programming interfaces for various types of learning methods for metadata normalization and defines standardized data models for building metadata and timeseries data. Thus, it enables the integration of different methods via a workflow, benchmarking of different methods via unified interfaces, and rapid prototyping of new algorithms. With Plaster, we 1) show three examples of the workflow integration, delivering better performance than individual algorithms, 2) benchmark/analyze five algorithms over five common buildings, and 3) exemplify the process of developing a new algorithm involving time series features. We believe Plaster will facilitate the development of new algorithms and expedite the adoption of standard metadata schema such as Brick, in order to enable seamless smart building applications in the future.
Transversus Abdominis Plane Block

The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a safe, easy, and reliable regional technique to anesthetize the abdominal and gluteal regions – suitable as an adjunct to many intra-abdominal, urologic, gynecologic and colorectal surgeries. Studies have shown a reduction in intraoperative sedation requirements, postoperative pain scores, and decreased nausea and vomiting.
Racism in Remediation: How Black Students Navigate Stereotypes to Achieve Success in Developmental Mathematics

ABSTRACTThis qualitative study explores how Black students in community college developmental mathematics navigate stereotypes about their abilities and succeed. I apply stereotype management, a co...
Molecular dynamics simulation of structural changes in single crystalline silicon nitride nanomembrane

Abstract We use atomistic simulations to investigate the mechanical behavior as well as the structural changes of single crystalline β-Si3N4 nanomembrane upon tensile loading. Our results suggest that upon loading along [ 1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 0 ], the nanomembrane exhibits two distinct elastic behavior with varying Young’s modulus and almost zero plasticity until fracture. We found that the variation in Young’s modulus attributes to the change of crystallographic structure. Upon introduction of N–Si–N bond angles into three main types we were able to explicitly distinguish these structural changes. We further showed that upon tensile loading along [ 1 ¯ 0 1 0 ], the nanomembrane behaves the same way with two elastic regimes, while a small plastic deformation is also observed up to the fracture. The post processing analysis reveals that plasticity is proceeding upon strain localization into shear bands within the slip system. The zero plastic deformation upon loading along [ 1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 0 ] is due to the zero Schmid factor.
Manthia Diawara’s Strategic Ruminations on Migration and the Conundrums of Cinematic Autoethnography

Manthia Diawara’s films often situate his autobiographical presentation within an ethnosurround linking francophone West African cultural histories to issues of diasporic subjectivity in Europe and North America. In Rouch in Reverse (1995) Diawara focuses on the films of French anthropologist Jean Rouch to interrogate claims about ethnographic “knowledge” of West African cultures. Making Rouch the informant and Paris the locale of investigation, the film “reverses” ethnographic practice by situating immigrants as expert authorities and inverting conventions of representation, linking Diawara as “scientist” to his strategic ruminations on colonialism, patriarchy, and the limits of an ethnographic paradigm. Two decades later, in An Opera of the World (2017), Diawara repurposes footage from a “Sahel opera” to explore the plight of African and Syrian migrants risking precarious sea crossings. He intercuts these narrative segments with both archival footage of earlier refugee efforts and interviews with film critics and migration scholars to create a montage of cinematic “opera” voicing issues of asylum. In these films, Diawara’s self-representation as a mobile subject both authorizes him and interrogates conventional representations of Africans and other migrants by creating an innovatively counter-ethnographic mode of film.
Leadership concepts in manufacturing environments: A brief historical review and conclusion with recommendations for education and training of I-O psychologists

Viewing production-line workers from a historical standpoint, the attention on manufacturing in the 19th and into the 20th centuries was on production (Fifelski, 2014) and production-oriented leadership style, in contrast to employee-oriented leadership style (Likert, 1961; see also Kosicek, Soni, Sandbothe, & Slack, 2012). Around the turn of the 20th century, changes took place, and it appears as if two different approaches were taken in manufacturing environments: research–practitioner-based leadership approaches and management-based leadership approaches; the latter approach is less a leadership style and more a social management philosophy em+phasizing business operation (Vitolla, Rubino, & Garzoni, 2017). This review should bring awareness that industrial and organizational (I-O) psychologists once took on the lead to major successes that arose from work in manufacturing companies; however, today there is hardly any contribution by I-O psychologists to the manufacturing sector.
Analysis of Modal Excitation in Wideband Slot-Loaded Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Theory of Characteristic Modes

In this communication, modal excitation of characteristic modes in the ultrawideband (UWB) slot-loaded microstrip patch has been investigated. A comprehensive analysis of modal excitation due to straight and L-probe feed reveals physical insight about antenna behavior due to feeding structure. This communication analyzes the modal effect of feed inclusion in two steps, i.e., before and after excitation. The application of characteristic modes to antenna bandwidth enhancement serves as a demonstration of the broad utility of the theory of characteristic modes (TCM), where multiple resonant modes participate simultaneously to broaden the bandwidth. This communication also examines the potential capability of natural resonant modes to contribute to the impedance bandwidth upon excitation. The slot-loaded antenna exhibits 35% impedance bandwidth with the straight probe feed, but bandwidth increased up to 81% by changing the feed to L-probe. Hence, impedance bandwidth has been enhanced up to 46% (approx) by exciting particular resonant modes via changing and optimizing a feed structure.
Whole genome sequence of five strains of Spiroplasma citri isolated from different host plants and its leafhopper vector

Spiroplasma citri is a bacterium with a wide host range and is the causal agent of citrus stubborn and brittle root diseases of citrus and horseradish, respectively. S. citri is transmitted in a circulative, persistent manner by the beet leafhopper, Neoaliturus (Circulifer) tenellus (Baker), in North America. Five strains of S. citri were cultured from citrus, horseradish, and N. tenellus from different habitats and times. DNA from cultures were sequenced and genome assembled to expand the database to improve detection assays and better understand its genetics and evolution. The whole genome sequence of five strains of S. citri are described herein. The S. citri chromosome was circularized for all five strains and ranged from 1,576,550 to 1,742,208 bp with a G + C content of 25.4–25.6%. Characterization of extrachromosomal DNAs resulted in identification of one or two plasmids, with a G + C content of 23.3 to 27.6%, from plant hosts; and eight or nine plasmids, with a G + C content of 21.65 to 29.19%, from N. tenellus. Total genome size ranged from 1,611,714 to 1,832,173 bp from plants and 1,968,976 to 2,155,613 bp from the leafhopper. All sequence data has been deposited in DDBJ/ENA/GenBank under the accession numbers CP046368-CP046373 and CP047426-CP047446.
Ultrafast Nonradiative Decay of a Dipolar Plasmon-like State in Naphthalene.

Motivated by the uncertainty in our understanding of ultrafast plasmon decay mechanisms, we examine the effect of nuclear vibrations on the dynamical behavior of the strong plasmon-like dipole response of naphthalene, known as the β peak. The real-time time-dependent density functional (RT-TDDFT) method coupled with Ehrenfest molecular dynamics is used to describe the interconnected nuclear and electronic motion. Several vibrational modes promote drastic plasmon decay in naphthalene. The most astonishing finding of this study is that activation of one particular vibrational mode (corresponding to the B1u representation in D2h point group symmetry) leads to a continuous drop of the dipole response corresponding to the β peak into a totally symmetric, dark, quadrupolar electronic state. A second B1u mode provokes the sharp plasmon-like peak to split due to the breaking of structural symmetry. Nonadiabatic coupling between a B2g vibrational mode and the β peak (a B1u electronic state) gives rise to a B3u vibronic state, which can be identified as one of the p-band peaks that reside close in energy to the β peak energy. Overall, strong nonadiabatic coupling initiates plasmon decay into nearby electronic states in acenes, most importantly into dark states. These findings expand our knowledge about possible plasmon decay processes and pave the way for achieving high optical performance in acene-based materials such as graphene.