cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Transgenic Mosquitoes

Abstract The regulatory framework for transgenic mosquitoes in most countries derives from their obligations as signatories to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and its parent treaty, the Convention on Biological Diversity. Typically, these countries establish laws and regulations that are consistent with the risk assessment guidance provided in the Protocol, as well as a national competent authority charged with ultimate responsibility for regulation of transgenic organisms. There are nonsignatories to the protocol that, typically countries with more regulatory experience, may influence regulatory policies through precedents that they set. Specific country regulatory requirements pertaining to research safety, ethics, or information access, among others, are also applicable to research and development of transgenic mosquitoes. Transgenic technology applied to mosquitoes is relatively new to regulators, even in countries with mature regulatory systems and extensive experience. Experience thus far has been limited to genetically engineered male sterile constructs, while policies covering gene drive mechanisms, especially for limited field release or widespread vector control, have not yet been developed by regulatory authorities. Requirements for regulatory approval for gene drive constructs therefore remain unexplored.
Assessment of Right Ventricular Strain by Computed Tomography Versus Echocardiography in Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Background Right ventricular strain (RVS) identifies patients at risk of hemodynamic deterioration from pulmonary embolism (PE). Our hypothesis was that chest computed tomography (CT) can provide information about RVS analogous to transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and that RVS on CT is associated with adverse outcomes after PE. Methods Consecutive emergency department (ED) patients with acute PE were prospectively enrolled and clinical, biomarker, and imaging data were recorded. CTs were over-read by two radiologists. We compared diagnoses of RVS on CT (defined as: RV:LV ratio ≥ 0.9 or interventricular septal bowing) to echocardiography (defined as: right ventricular hypokinesis, right ventricular dilatation, or interventricular septal bowing). We calculated the test characteristics (with 95% CI) of CT and TTE for a composite outcome of severe clinical deterioration, thrombolysis/thrombectomy or death within 5 days. Results Two hundred and ninety-eight patients were enrolled; 274 had CT and 118 had formal TTE. Of the 104 patients who had both CT and TTE, the mean age was 58 (SD=17) years; 50 (48%) were female and 88 (85%) were Caucasian. Forty-two (40%) had RVS by TTE and 75 (72%) had RVS by CT. CT and TTE agreed on the presence or absence of RVS in 61 (59%) cases (kappa=0.24). Using TTE as criterion standard, the test characteristics of CT for RVS were: sensitivity = 88%, specificity = 39%, PPV = 49% and NPV = 83%. Fourteen (13%) patients experienced severe clinical deterioration or required hospital-based intervention within 5 days. This occurred in 30% of patients with RVS on both TTE and CT, 20% of patients with RVS on TTE alone, 3% of patients with RVS on CT alone, and 4% of patients without RVS on either modality. Conclusions In acute PE, CT is highly sensitive but only moderately specific for RVS compared to TTE. RVS on both CT and TTE predicts more events than either modality alone. TTE confers additional positive prognostic value compared to CT in predicting post-PE clinical deterioration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Evaluating the accuracy of DNA stable isotope probing

DNA Stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) is a powerful method that identifies in situ isotope assimilation by microbial taxa. Combining DNA-SIP with multiplexed high throughput DNA sequencing (HTS-DNA-SIP) creates the potential to map in situ assimilation dynamics for thousands of microbial taxonomic units. However, the accuracy of methods for analyzing DNA-SIP data has never been evaluated. We have developed a toolset (SIPSim) for simulating HTS-DNA-SIP datasets and evaluating the accuracy of methods for analyzing HTS-DNA-SIP data. We evaluated two different approaches to analyzing HTS-DNA-SIP data: “high resolution stable isotope probing” (HR-SIP) and “quantitative stable isotope probing” (q-SIP). HR-SIP was highly specific and moderately sensitive, with very few false positives but potential for false negatives. In contrast, q-SIP had fewer false negatives but many false positives. We also found HR-SIP more robust than q-SIP with respect to experimental variance. Furthermore, we found that the detection sensitivity of HTS-DNA-SIP can be increased without compromising specificity by evaluating evidence of isotope incorporation over multiple windows of buoyant density (MW-HR-SIP). SIPSim provides a platform for determining the accuracy of HTS-DNA-SIP methods across a range of experimental parameters, which will be useful in the design, analysis, and validation of DNA-SIP experiments.
The critical factors in managing relationships in international engineering, procurement, and construction (IEPC) projects of Chinese organizations

Abstract In International Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (IEPC) projects the main contractor carries out the work at distant sites for the project owner with support from multiple suppliers and/or subcontractors. Managing relationships with suppliers and/or subcontractors in such projects is even more critical due to additional dependency on them to complete the job. Yet it is not clear which factors influence such relationships in IEPC projects. This study intends to close this gap in the extant literature. Data has been collected from professionals involved in IEPC projects and it has been investigated how various aspects of relationship with suppliers and/or subcontractors may influence project outcomes. Logistic regression and neural networks have been used to analyze the data and subsequently identify four critical factors: service provided by suppliers and/or subcontractors, continuous improvement, supplier and/or subcontractor delivery reliability, and effective problem solving, which impact IEPC project success to the greatest extent. The findings suggest that the main contractors should pay particular attention to these aspects of relationship management.
Nitrite Regulates Mitochondrial Dynamics to Inhibit Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Restenosis

Nitrite, a dietary constituent and endogenous signaling molecule previously thought to be a biologically inert product of endogenous nitric oxide oxidation, has recently been shown to regulate a myriad of biological processes. For example, nitrite has been shown to inhibit smooth muscle proliferation and attenuate restenosis after vascular injury. However, the mechanism of nitrite-dependent inhibition of smooth muscle proliferation remains elusive. Nitrite is an established regulator of mitochondrial morphology and function, and mitochondrial dynamics, the active formation (fusion) or fragmentation (fission) of cellular mitochondrial networks, has been previously shown to regulate cell cycle progression. Thus, we hypothesized that nitrite modulates mitochondrial dynamics and function to inhibit cell cycle progression and attenuate smooth muscle cell proliferation. Using rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) we demonstrate that nitrite inhibits RASMC proliferation induced by platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) in a concentration dependent manner. This phenomenon is associated with mitochondrial fusion dependent on the upregulation of mitofusin-1 (Mfn1). Further, nitrite treatment upregulates the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p21, an effect that is abolished in Mfn1 deficient RASMCs. Ongoing studies are focused on determining the mechanism by which nitrite upregulates Mfn1 thereby stimulating mitochondrial fusion while increasing p21 expression. These data have important implications for dietary and pharmacological modulation of vascular health and uncover a novel potential physiological mechanism for the regulation of smooth muscle cell number.
Outcomes and complication rates of primary resident-performed cataract surgeries at a large tertiary-care county hospital.

Purpose To identify the preoperative risk factors, intraoperative events, and postoperative complications increasing the risk for poor visual outcomes in resident-performed cataract surgeries at a tertiary-care county hospital. Setting Ben Taub General Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA. Design Retrospective case series. Methods Resident-performed cataract surgeries were analyzed for risk factors, comorbidities, and intraoperative and postoperative complications. The main outcome measures were preoperative and postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), which were correlated with preoperative demographics, intraoperative and postoperative events, and resident training level. The data were subdivided into cases without events and cases with events to determine which complications led to poor visual outcomes. Results The study analyzed 1290 resident-performed cataract surgeries. The mean visual acuity improved significantly after surgery in all patients (P Conclusion Despite more complicated cataracts and advanced comorbidities, primary resident-performed cataract surgery in a tertiary-care county hospital system achieved visual outcomes and complication rates similar to those found in other training hospitals.
Voices of a Natural Prison: Tourism Development and Fisheries Management among the Political Ghosts of Pisagua, Chile

Caught between the sea and one of the world’s driest deserts, Pisagua’s coastal desert landscape is being transformed by the ways people utilize its natural isolation and rich protected waters. Periodically, these waters are altered by El Nino events. As distinct stakeholders -- fishermen, political activists, government planners, tourists and developers -- appropriate the site, their competing voices and identities alter the patterns of resource use. The most consistent resident group is a small number of fishermen, who have been willing to forego modern infrastructure to live in Pisagua’s harsh natural, political, and economic isolation. Because of this isolation, three separate national administrations have utilized the town as a political prison. The fishermen visualize political ghosts roaming the wooden ruins of this once thriving nitrate port. Developers today, however, aim to sanitize local political history in order to create a tourist “paradise”, and are being aided by a government plan to incorporate Pisagua into the core Chilean economy. Political activists, who use Pisagua as a pilgrimage site to indemnify the horrors of the past, protest this plan as one of political sacrilege. The plan also has concrete ramifications for the fishing families of Pisagua, who not only struggle with scarcity during major El Nino events, but now face encroaching tourism as globalization encompasses their space. The resident grassroots community leader has proffered additions to the plan that directly benefit the community. He is a former political activist with visions of a community-based “paradise” that would incorporate the marginal voices of the fishermen. We discuss his role as part of an approach which views identity and livelihood as practical and essential elements of any economically viable management plan. We examine shifting identity roles in light of the Pisagua plans, and frame our discussion within the context of three overlapping climate changes: economic, political, and environmental. This lays the foundation for a suggested adaptive management strategy that serves the economic needs of Pisagua through a recognition of the importance of stakeholder identity and livelihood. Key words: Pisagua, Chile, political ecology, ethnography, space and place, identity, livelihood, environment, El Nino, climate change, political activism, pilgrim, globalization, fisheries, migration, tourism, MPA, co-management.
Chapter Five - Rules of “Engagement”: Addressing Participation and Functional Performance in Children with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Abstract A primary goal of research in the field of intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) is to help individuals with IDDs achieve optimal outcomes so that they are able to engage in life in ways that are individually meaningful. However, in order to achieve this goal, researchers need to be able to accurately define and measure participation and related concepts. This review examines the operationalization and measurement of both participation and functional performance in children with IDDs. We also discuss issues to be addressed and directions for future research.
Policy Implications From Crop Loss Assessment Research: The U.S. Perspective

Crop loss assessment research provides important information for our regulatory efforts to protect public welfare. The process of transforming crop loss assessments from air pollution research into rulemaking is somewhat complex. The process involves an assessment of biological, economic, and environmental factors, as well as a consideration of agricultural policies. This paper concerns the policy process and problems of putting crop loss research into a framework conducive for evaluating alternative levels and forms of US secondary national ambient air quality standards (SNAAQS). The goals of the paper are to (1) provide a summary of the statutory authorities for developing these standards, (2) highlight the task of developing secondary standards, (3) describe the process for incorporating effects data and analyses into the regulatory process, and (4) provide an illustrative example of how crop assessment data may be used in the ozone standard review.
Protection Conferred by Preinfarct Angina is Manifest in the Aged Heart: Evidence from the TIMI 4 Trial

There has been debate regarding the issue of whether ischemic preconditioning is effective in the aging and diseased heart. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed the effect of preinfarction angina in patients less than versus greater than 60 years of age in the TIMI 4 study. Preinfarction angina was defined as an episode of typical angina pectoris that occurs prior to the time of index chest pain associated with the myocardial infarction itself. Patients who were 60 years and older had a higher rate of death and the combined endpoints of death, heart failure/shock, and/or reinfarction compared with younger patients. However, patients 60 years or older who had preinfarction angina had lower rates of the combined endpoints of death, heart failure/shock, and/or reinfarction (11%) compared with patients without angina (23%; P = 0.04). They also had lower creatine kinase (CK) values. Therefore, preinfarction angina was protective in patients 60 years or older in the TIMI 4 study.
Strategic Voting on the D.C. Circuit?: A Case Study of Challenges to Health-and-Safety Regulation

The article examines whether the ideological divisions on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit are affected by changes in the composition of political branches: the two houses of Congress and the Presidency. Thus, it seeks to empirically test the plausibility of positive political economy models of adjudication, which posit that judges act in an ideologically "strategic" manner. The data set developed for this study consists of all cases decided by the D.C. Circuit, between 1970 and 1996, challenging the health-and-safety decisions of twenty federal agencies. The empirical analysis undertaken here reveals strong, statistically significant evidence of ideological voting. Most strikingly, challengers seeking more stringent health-and-safety regulation prevailed in 50.3% of the cases before majority-Democratic panels but in only 27.8% of the cases before majority-Republican panels. This difference is significant at a 99% confidence level. There is no statistically significant evidence, however, that these ideological differences are affected by the party controlling the two chambers of Congress or the Presidency. The results can be interpreted in one of two ways. First, they might be seen as supporting the attitudinal model's view that the ideological voting on the D.C. Circuit is sincere, rather than strategic. Second, it is possible that the judges are in fact voting strategically, but that they believe that the possibility of legislative reversal is so small that their interests would not be furthered by departing from sincere ideological voting. Under this account, judges act in what might be termed a "super-strategic" manner: they pay attention to the possibility that Congress will thwart their ideological interests but at the same time understand that the probability of reversal is small. Either way, the empirical findings have important relevance for the understanding of the administrative state. For example, under either interpretation judicial review of administrative action does not bring administrative preferences closer to the current congressional majorities, as posited in the strategic models.
Properties of sol-gel derived strontium barium niobate ceramics and the effect of V2O5 additive

Strontium barium niobate, SrxBa1−xNb2O6, (SBN) ceramics with a range of Sr/Ba ratios were fabricated using a solution chemistry approach with alkoxides dissolved in acetic acid. Powders obtained from dried gels were calcined at 800°C for three hours, a heat treatment that produced fully crystalline powders. After preparing bulk ceramics from these powders by sintering at 1200°C for 1–24 hours, the tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) phase was present in all compositions between 0 ≤ x≤ 1, although not predicted by the phase diagram for BaNb2O6and SrNb2O6. Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) additions increased the densification, the amount of tungsten bronze phase, and the dielectric constant for all compositions except for Sr0.65Ba0.35Nb2O6(SBN65) ceramics.
Characterization of the Martensitic Transformation in NiPtAl Alloy Using Digital Holographic Imaging

Surface reliefs due to phase transformations in a 56.8Ni-5.6Pt-37.6Al at. pct alloy were characterized in situ using digital holographic imaging during thermal cycling from room temperature up to 405 K (132 °C). The 3D images of the surface revealed that the austenite plates formed during heating are exactly the same for each cycle, which is not the case for the martensite plates formed during cooling. The martensite start temperature was found to vary by up to ~ 20 K from one grain to another within the same specimen. The absence of Ni3Al γ′ precipitates, due to the relatively high Al content, results in the propagation of the martensitic transformation over grains up to a millimeter in size. Bright-field optical imaging showed the formation of large martensite plates in some grains, with cracks perpendicular to these plates, upon cycling. Cracks were also observed at grain boundaries and could be related to the height variations across the grain boundaries.
Evaluation Method of Field Road Accessibility Based on GF-2 Satellite Imagines

Field road accessibility is an important index of cultivated land quality. In this paper, field road accessibility was defined from the perspectives of traffic capacity, and an evaluation model was constructed based on weighted network data set. The case study was carried out in Dingzhou City of Hebei Province, and GF-2 satellite images were adopted to acquire basic data including field roads and cropping plots. The results showed that, (1) Overall precision of field roads and cropping plots based on GF-2 images were above 90% and 89.13%, respectively, meeting the precision requirement for acquisition of field road accessibility; (2) Field road accessibility of the study area ranged from 0.6 to 3.7 and the plots were divided into 4 levels from high to low. The plots in Level- I area, showing strongest accessibility, were with the maximum quantity of high-level roads, and facilitate the input and output of agricultural materials; The plots in Level-II area, showing stronger accessibility, were always connected to high-level roads and middle-level roads; The plots in Level-III area, showing ordinary accessibility, were mainly linked with middle-level roads and low-level roads; The plots in Level-IV area, showing weakest accessibility, were difficult for large machines to pass through because of the low-level roads.
Toward Autonomy in Sub-Gram Terrestrial Robots

Research toward small, autonomous, and mobile robots is inspired by both the insects we see around us and numerous applications, from inspection of jet engines and civil infrastructure to medical p...
113 T-REGULATORY CELL POOL IN PATIENTS WITH PANCREATIC CANCER.

Purpose A subset of T cells essential for inhibitory properties such as self-tolerance termed regulatory T cells (Treg) has recently been described in patients with cancer. This expanded pool of inhibitory cells has been described in ovarian, lung, and other epithelial cancers. The current study is to evaluate whether patients with pancreatic cancer exhibit expanded Treg pools and whether this correlates with expanded tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the tumor bed. Experimental Design During the period from June 2005 to the present, 21 patients admitted for possible Whipple surgery and 13 controls underwent flow cytometry to evaluate T-cell subset compartment. Flow cytometry for total CD4+, CD8+, CD25+, and coexpression were performed. In nine patients in whom Whipple surgery was successful, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed for these subsets. Results Patients with pancreatic cancer showed a trend toward an expanded pool of Treg subset in comparison with controls. Patients with pancreatic cancer had 45.5% (SD 15.5) of CD4+ compartment coexpressing CD25+, typical of Treg expression, in comparison with controls of 35.4% (SD 16.2). The p value was .08. There was no difference in CD8+ percentage in comparison with controls. In eight of nine patients in whom tumor was resected, peripheral blood was consistent with the number of TILs that were CD4+CD25+. In peripheral blood, the ratio of CD4:CD8 was 1.3:1, not significantly different from controls. However, in resected specimens, the ratio of CD4:CD8 TILs was 30:1 by IHC. Conclusion Our data provide evidence of a trend toward expanded Treg pool in patients with pancreatic cancer. It shows evidence that peripheral blood expansion of Tregs is reflective of tumor bed infiltration. Lastly, our data suggest that peripheral blood CD8 values are not reflective of TILs. Further study with a larger sample size is warranted for confirmation of findings.
Demo: DroidNet - An Android Permission Control Recommendation System Based on Crowdsourcing

Mobile and web application security, particularly the areas of data privacy, has raised much concerns from the public in recent years. Most applications, or apps for short, are installed without disclosing full information to users and clearly stating what the application has access to, which often raises concern when users become aware of unnecessary information being collected. Unfortunately, most users have little to no technical expertise in regards to what permissions should be turned on and can only rely on their intuition and past experiences to make relatively uninformed decisions. To solve this problem, we developed DroidNet, which is a crowd-sourced Android recommendation tool and framework. DroidNet alleviates privacy concerns and presents users with high confidence permission control recommendations based on the decision from expert users who are using the same apps. This paper explains the general framework, principles, and model behind DroidNet while also providing an experimental setup design which shows the effectiveness and necessity for such a tool.
Shoulder measurements on MRI: Statistical analysis of patients without and with rotator cuff tears and predictive modeling

This study aims to determine significant differences between various measurements of shoulder structures and relationships in patients with and without rotator cuff tears and identify a subset of these measurements that may merit further investigation. Shoulder MRIs of 120 patients with rotator cuff tears (RCT group) and 80 patients with normal examinations (No RCT group) were retrospectively identified. Numerous measurements of shoulder anatomy and relationships and pathology characterization were performed for each study. The mean and ranges of measurements for each group were identified, and P-values were calculated to assess differences between the two groups. Classification and Regression Tree (CART) identified prediction models for separating the two groups based on these shoulder MRI measurements. Statistically significant differences were observed for 9 of 18 of the shoulder measurements between the two groups (P < 0.05). Using long head of biceps tendon tear, tendinosis, and subacromial-subdeltoid bursal fluid, the prediction model from CART demonstrated 99.5% accuracy in separating the two groups. Subacromial distance, subacromial spur size, and acromioclavicular osteophyte could also separate the two groups with 97.5% accuracy. Other measures less commonly associated with impingement and rotator cuff tears could also be used to separate the two groups with up to 81.5% accuracy. This study introduces new measures and clarifies ranges for existing measurements on shoulder MRI. Abnormalities of some of these measurements may be associated with subacromial impingement, and combinations of these parameters may be useful for separating patients with or without rotator cuff tears. Clin. Anat. 33:173-186, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measurement Sensitivity of Modulation Indices in Telemetry, Tracking and Command Systems

Subcarrier modulation, along with direct modulation, is typically used in telemetry, tracking, and command (TT&C) systems. The Space Ground Link Subsystem is an example of the TT&C system using a subcarrier and direct modulation together in a phase modulator. In this system, telemetry is placed on a 1.7 MHz subcarrier, whereas ranging and commanding are modulated onto a carrier without a subcarrier. The ranging signal is made up of a 1 megachip-per-second pseudorandom code, directly modulating the carrier signal using binary phase shift keyed modulation (BPSK). The command signal is made up of amplitude modulated (AM) 3-tone frequency shift keyed signal. All three signals together phase-modulate (PM) the carrier before transmission. In a phase-modulated system, power in each of the services—command, telemetry and ranging—is apportioned from the total available power based on the modulation indices used. The performance of each of the services is dependent on the amount of power in those services. It is important to measure the modulation indices accurately so that the required level of performance can be achieved. In this paper the issues related to the measurement of command and telemetry modulation indices are addressed and the link sensitivity to the measurement errors in modulation indices is also discussed.
Management of Five Hundred Patients With Gut Failure at a Single Center: Surgical Innovation Versus Transplantation With a Novel Predictive Model.

Objective(s) To define the evolving role of integrative surgical management including transplantation for patients gut failure (GF). Methods A total of 500 patients with total parenteral nutrition-dependent catastrophic and chronic GF were referred for surgical intervention particularly transplantation and comprised the study population. With a mean age of 45 ± 17 years, 477 (95%) were adults and 23 (5%) were children. Management strategy was guided by clinical status, splanchnic organ functions, anatomy of residual gut, and cause of GF. Surgery was performed in 462 (92%) patients and 38 (8%) continued medical treatment. Definitive autologous gut reconstruction (AGR) was achievable in 378 (82%), primary transplant in 42 (9%), and AGR followed by transplant in 42 (9%). The 84 transplant recipients received 94 allografts; 67 (71%) liver-free and 27 (29%) liver-contained. The 420 AGR patients received a total of 790 reconstructive and remodeling procedures including primary reconstruction, interposition alimentary-conduits, intestinal/colonic lengthening, and reductive/decompressive surgery. Glucagon-like peptide-2 was used in 17 patients. Results Overall patient survival was 86% at 1-year and 68% at 5-years with restored nutritional autonomy (RNA) in 63% and 78%, respectively. Surgery achieved a 5-year survival of 70% with 82% RNA. AGR achieved better long-term survival and transplantation better (P = 0.03) re-established nutritional autonomy. Both AGR and transplant were cost effective and quality of life better improved after AGR. A model to predict RNA after AGR was developed computing anatomy of reconstructed gut, total parenteral nutrition requirements, cause of GF, and serum bilirubin. Conclusions Surgical integration is an effective management strategy for GF. Further progress is foreseen with the herein-described novel techniques and established RNA predictive model.
Impact of Personalization on Epileptic Seizure Prediction

The main contribution of this paper is a personalization method which systematically selects the algorithm's parameters based on patient's individual data. The conventional seizure prediction techniques use a fixed set of parameters (like window size and time-to-seizure of preictal data). In this work, we report how personalizing the preictal data parameters improves the quality of seizure prediction. Experimental results show that using a personalized small set of parameters increase the F-measure accuracy of seizure prediction.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Profile of Undergraduate Therapeutic Recreation Students

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) has been used globally to identify personality preferences of different professions and to classify occupations based on these tendencies, creating professional profiles. Research shows that people with similar personalities and preferences tend to gravitate to like professions, but is this true of recreational therapy? This study was conducted over a three-year period with undergraduate students majoring in therapeutic recreation. Students completed the MBTI as part of an administration class to understand their personality type and the impact on their management style. Results of the MBTI were analyzed to identify if there was a predominate preference on the MBTI. This study replicated a study conducted by Jin and Austin (2000). The results of this study showed that approximately 60% of students identified as one of three personality types (ESFJ, ENFJ, or ENFP). Information on personality type, as well as implications for students, instructors, and placement supervisors, are presented. Information from this study may assist in the classroom and in career counseling for individuals interested in being recreational therapists. Subscribe to TRJ
Testing the Factorial Validity and Measurement Invariance of College Student Scores on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) Scale Across Gender and Race

Responses to the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale displayed high score reliability (α = .91) and adequate convergent and divergent validity for college undergraduates. The data provided a...
An Analytic Formula for European Options; Jump Diffusion Models with a Log Mixture Normal Jump Distribution

In this paper, we propose an approach to modeling the jump component of a jump- diffusion model using a log mixture of normals distribution. We define explicitly the properties of the distribution and use it to create an analytic formula for European option price. Numerous examples of applications of the formula are presented to exhibit practical utility of the formula.
Nutrition in Midwestern State Department of Corrections Prisons: A Comparison of Nutritional Offerings With Commonly Utilized Nutritional Standards

Improvement in nutritional care in correctional institutions may reduce the burden of related chronic health conditions. Even when nutritional standards are used, inconsistent use of standards and ...
Understanding Charter School Evaluation: A Synthesis of the Literature on CREDO’s VCR Method for Stakeholders:

Increased charter school demand creates a critical need for reliable information on outcomes. Stanford’s Center for Research on Education Outcomes (CREDO) has a series of influential reports on cha...
MOOSE BROWSING AND FOREST REGENERATION: A CASE STUDY IN NORTHERN NEW HAMPSHIRE

The impact of moose (Alces alces) browsing on the regeneration of commercial hardwood and softwood tree species was evaluated in 3 regions with different moose population densities (0.26-0.83 moose/km²) in northern New Hampshire. Regeneration surveys were conducted in 4 age classes of clear-cuts (0-5, 6-10, 11-15, and 16-20 years) in June-August 2009. Stocking rate, tree height, and damage of dominant commercial stems were measured to assess regeneration and browse damage among age classes and regions. We assumed that a stocking rate of 40-60% (stems/plot) dominant commercial tree species without severe damage was an acceptable threshold of browse damage to achieve a fully stocked stand at 80 years. Mean stocking rate of all age classes was above the threshold in all regions (47-85%); the lowest stocking rates (47-52%) occurred in the 0-5 year age class but increased thereafter in all regions. The CT Lakes region (highest moose density) had more damage than both the North and White Mountain regions in the 11-15 year age class (F = 3.05; df; 6; P = 0.0002 and 0.0058, respectively). Tree heights were lower in the CT Lakes region (F = 2.30; df; 6; P = 0.04). Most damage was restricted to a few isolated clear-cuts at higher elevation near moose wintering areas that were possibly shifting to conifer dominance. Regeneration of commercial tree species was not considered a regional problem at any moose density in northern New Hampshire.
Proton fluxes upstream from the earth's bow shock

Asbridge et al. (1968) have reported protons with energies of a few keV flowing outward from the Earth’s bow shock. The proton density of this flow is 1 to 10% that of the solar wind and the energy density may be up to 50% of the energy density in the solar wind.
PRIMITIVE CHARACTERS OF SUBGROUPS OF M-GROUPS

Let G be an M-group, let S be a subnormal subgroup of G, and let H be a Hall subgroup of S. If the character a e Irr(H) is primitive, then 'y(l) is a power of 2. Furthermore, if IG: SI is odd, then -y(I) = 1. Combining Theorems A of (5) and (13), Isaacs has proved that if G is an M- group and S is a subnormal subgroup of G, then the primitive characters of S all have degrees that are powers of 2, and if S has odd index in G, then the primitive characters of G are all linear. Using the techniques found in (12) and (13), we have
The Potential Risk of Infectious Disease Dissemination Via Artificial Insemination in Swine

Artificial insemination (AI) is one of the most widely used assisted reproductive technologies in swine. To maintain a healthy semen trade, it is crucial that diligence be given to managing and minimizing the chance of extended semen playing an epidemiological role in the transmission of infectious disease. In swine, pathogens of primary importance, which may be transmitted through semen include Aujeszky's disease, brucellosis, chlamydophilosis, porcine circovirus type 2, classical swine fever, Japanese encephalitis, leptospirosis, parvovirus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, rubulavirus, foot-and-mouth disease and swine vesicular disease. This paper will summarise the current state of knowledge pertaining to these pathogens in relation to swine AI.
Arterial oxygen saturation as a predictor of acute mountain sickness and summit success among mountaineers

Arterial Oxygen Saturation as a Predictor of Acute Mountain Sickness and Summit Success among Mountaineers
Functional Equation of the Zeta Function, Hecke’s Proof

Let f be a function on R n . We shall say that f tends to 0 rapidly at infinity if for each positive integer m the function is bounded for |x| sufficiently large. Here as in the rest of this chapter, |x| is the Euclidean norm of x. Equivalently, the preceding condition can be formulated by saying that for every polypomial P (in n variables) the function Pf is bounded, or that the function is bounded, for x sufficiently large (i.e. |x| sufficiently large).
Children aged 6 to 60 months in Nepal may require a vitamin A supplement regardless of dietary intake from plant and animal food sources.

The purpose of this survey was to explore the relationship between the prevalence of the health indicators of malnutrition diarrhea and acute respiratory infection and the consumption of vitamin A-rich food and the supplementation status of three groups of children in Nepal (supplemented supplemented only once and never supplemented). A trained female community health worker interviewed mothers about vitamin A-rich food feeding practices to children aged 6 to 60 months using a standardized questionnaire and then estimated the nutritional status of the children using mid-upper-arm circumference measurements and recording the incidence of diarrhea and acute respiratory infection from mothers interviews. Regardless of the amount of vitamin A-rich foods consumed children who were regularly supplemented with high doses of vitamin A were protected against malnutrition diarrhea and acute respiratory infection at a higher rate than children who were supplemented only once or were never supplemented. Regularly providing a highdose (200000 I) capsule of vitamin A to children aged 6 to 60 months including those who eat vitamin A-rich foods may be effective in decreasing the prevalence of morbidity from malnutrition diarrhea and acute respiratory infection. (authors)
Uptake and Utilization of Amino Acids by Resting Cells of Nitrosomonas europaea

Incorporation of selected amino acids by resting cells was studied with regard to effects of concentration, rate and extent of incorporation, cellular distribution, effect of ammonium ion on uptake, and competitive effects. l-Aspartic acid, l-alanine, l-serine, and glycine presented at trace levels were incorporated at rates ranging from 0.11 to 8.2 μμmoles per mg (dry weight) per minute, and maximal incorporation was 11 to 333 μμmoles per mg (dry weight). When glycine and aspartic acid were supplied at substrate level, the rate of incorporation increased 14- and 109-fold, respectively. The presence of ammonium ion further increased both the rate and extent of uptake of glycine and aspartic acid. The distribution of cellular radioactivity arising from 14C amino acids indicated that cell pool radioactivity was concentrated from 1.2- to 24.5-fold over the external medium. Aspartic acid pool radioactivity accounted for 50% or more of the total cellular radioactivity, whereas radioactivity in glycine and serine pools dropped from initially high levels to 20 to 25% during incubation. The decrease in pool radioactivity with both glycine and serine was accompanied by an increase in other fractions, especially in the cell residue. The growth-inhibiting amino acid l-valine, supplied at substrate level, contributed more carbon per milligram (dry weight) than any other amino acid studied. l-Leucine, in the presence of l-valine, was observed to decrease valine incorporation.
Adaptively matched dual band GPS antenna for plasma environments

Re-entry vehicles oftentimes experience diminished electromagnetic sensing and communication capabilities due to the buildup of dense plasmas produced by interactions of the vehicle surface with the atmosphere. Under extreme conditions, a thin but very dense plasma shell formed around the vehicle blocks all communication. During the communication blackout, the vehicle navigates via inertial motion sensors. That said, these sensors are prone to error accumulation and consequently incapable of accurately pinpointing the position and orientation of the vehicle for extended periods of time. Therefore, robust GPS antennas that are insensitive to plasma loading are crucial for improving re-entry vehicles' navigational accuracy.
The surface of β‐sheet proteins contains amphiphilic regions which may provide clues about protein folding

A major bottleneck in the field of biochemistry is our limited understanding of the processes by which a protein folds into its native conformation. Much of the work on this issue has focused on the conserved core of the folded protein. However, one might imagine that a ubiquitous motif for unaided folding or for the recognition of chaperones may involve regions on the surface of the native structure. We explore this possibility by an analysis of the spatial distribution of regions with amphiphilic alpha-helical potential on the surface of beta-sheet proteins. All proteins, including beta-sheet proteins, contain regions with amphiphilic alpha-helical potential. That is, any alpha-helix formed by that region would be amphiphilic, having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. In the three-dimensional structure of all beta-sheet proteins analyzed, we have found a distinct pattern in the spatial distribution of sequences with amphiphilic alpha-helical potential. The amphiphilic regions occur in ring shaped clusters approximately 20 to 30 A in diameter on the surface of the protein. In addition, these regions have a strong preference for positively charged amino acids and a lower preference for residues not favorable to alpha-helix formation. Although the purpose of these amphiphilic regions which are not associated with naturally occurring alpha-helix is unknown, they may play a critical role in highly conserved processes such as protein folding.
Borrowing information from relevant microarray studies for sample classification using weighted partial least squares

With an increasing number of publicly available microarray datasets, it becomes attractive to borrow information from other relevant studies to have more reliable and powerful analysis of a given dataset. We do not assume that subjects in the current study and other relevant studies are drawn from the same population as assumed by meta-analysis. In particular, the set of parameters in the current study may be different from that of the other studies. We consider sample classification based on gene expression profiles in this context. We propose two new methods, a weighted partial least squares (WPLS) method and a weighted penalized partial least squares (WPPLS) method, to build a classifier by a combined use of multiple datasets. The methods can weight the individual datasets depending on their relevance to the current study. A more standard approach is first to build a classifier using each of the individual datasets, then to combine the outputs of the multiple classifiers using a weighted voting. Using two quite different datasets on human heart failure, we show first that WPLS/WPPLS, by borrowing information from the other dataset, can improve the performance of PLS/PPLS built on only a single dataset. Second, WPLS/WPPLS performs better than the standard approach of combining multiple classifiers. Third, WPPLS can improve over WPLS, just as PPLS does over PLS for a single dataset.
Japanese immigrant labor contractors and the northern pacific and the great northern railroad companies, 1898–1907

(1980). Japanese immigrant labor contractors and the northern pacific and the great northern railroad companies, 1898–1907. Labor History: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 325-350.
Preferential control of induced regulatory T cell homeostasis via a Bim/Bcl-2 axis.

Apoptosis has an essential role in controlling T cell homeostasis, especially during the contraction phase of an immune response. However, its contribution to the balance between effector and regulatory populations remains unclear. We found that Rag1−/− hosts repopulated with Bim−/− conventional CD4+ T cells (Tconv) resulted in a larger induced regulatory T cell (iTreg) population than mice given wild-type (WT) Tconv. This appears to be due to an increased survival advantage of iTregs compared with activated Tconv in the absence of Bim. Downregulation of Bcl-2 expression and upregulation of Bim expression were more dramatic in WT iTregs than activated Tconv in the absence of IL-2 in vitro. The iTregs generated following Tconv reconstitution of Rag1−/− hosts exhibited lower Bcl-2 expression and higher Bim/Bcl-2 ratio than Tconv, which indicates that iTregs were in an apoptosis-prone state in vivo. A significant proportion of the peripheral iTreg pool exhibits low Bcl-2 expression indicating increased sensitivity to apoptosis, which may be a general characteristic of certain Treg subpopulations. In summary, our data suggest that iTregs and Tconv differ in their sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli due to their altered ratio of Bim/Bcl-2 expression. Modulating the apoptosis pathway may provide novel therapeutic approaches to alter the balance between effector T cells and Tregs.
Glycogenolysis and control of anaphylactic histamine release by cyclic adenosine monophosphate-related agents: II. Modification of histamine release by glycogenolytic metabolites

D-glucose-6-phosphate (less than or equal to 5 x 10(-3) M), pyruvate, lactate (less than or equal to 1 X 10(-2) M), and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (less than 5 X 10(-3) M) were capable of inhibiting anapylactic histamine release in vitro from chopped guinea pig lung. In lower concentrations, pyruvic acid and lactate, as well as dibutyryl cyclic AMP, enhanced the release. Significant synergism was observed betweenpyruvate (5 X 10(-3) M) and isoproterenol (1 X 10(-8) M) in the inhibition of histamine release. The inhibitory actions of isoproterenol, glucose-6-phosphate, and pyruvate were influenced by calcium ion concentration. However, beta blockade, which diminished the isoproterenol effect, was without efect on pyruvate (1 X 10(-2) M) to the release system. Glucose-6-phosphate and isoproterenol did not have this effect. The results, together with a prevouus study, suggest that glycogenolysis may possess a role in the anaphylactic istamine release in vitro from sensitized lung fragments...
HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA (HA) IN A CHILD WITH ADENOSINE DEAMINASE (ADA) DEFICIENCY

Selective lymphopenla and Immunodeficiency are known clinical consequences of ADA deficiency (ADA-D) which also causes biochemical abnormalities In RBC's, notably a marked accumulation of dATP. In reported cases, RBC ATP has been normal or elevated. Decreased RBC survival has not been described. We studied a 9 month old girl with ADA-D who, at diagnosis, also had a heinz body (+) HA, with retlculocytosls and ahaptogloblnemla. Her RBC's showed an increased tendency to lyse spontaneously in vitro, which was not corrected by addition of glucose. RBC ATP, measured on four occasions, was 0.5-0.81 umol/ml (controls=1.42±0.35), and the level of dATP 1.0-1.53 umol/ml (normally <0.002), with a ratio of ATP:dATP of 0.46-0.67. We have previously defined a mechanism by which accumulation of dATP causes ATP catabolism in ADA inhibited lymphoid cells in vitro. Moreover, in vivo treatment with deoxycoformycin (dCF), a potent ADA inhibitor, can result not only in dATP accumulation, but also in ATP depletion in RBC's, and in hemolysis. The occurrence in a patient with genetic ADA-D of both very low ATP:dATP ratio and hemolysls establishes that hemolysls is a consequence of ADA-D per se, and not of some effect of dCF unrelated to its inhibition of ADA. We conclude that ADA-D is among the inborn errors of metabolism, including pyruvate kinase deficiency and massively increased RBC ADA activity, that can cause HA due to ATP depletion.