cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Health knowledge of women with a fragile X premutation: Improving understanding with targeted educational material.

Women who carry a fragile X premutation are at risk for at least two major health conditions and for transmitting fragile X syndrome (FXS) to their children. The two health concerns include fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI) and fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether written educational information about these conditions would increase knowledge and facilitate communication. Women with a premutation (N = 142) completed an online pre-test to assess their knowledge of premutation-associated conditions, and 135 women who provided an address received a booklet titled Women's Health and the Fragile X Premutation. After 3 months, 51.1% completed the post-test. Major gaps in knowledge were related to FXPOI and factors associated with repeat expansion. To determine whether the booklet helped to fill gaps in knowledge, we compared pre- and post-test scores. Scores were significantly increased after receipt of the booklet (p < .05, Wilcoxon signed rank test). Participants answered that the booklet was 'very helpful' (44.6%) or 'somewhat helpful' (38.5%). Twenty-four participants (34.8%) reported using the booklet to explain concepts to family members. Although we found that the booklet provided women with needed information, we found that gaps in knowledge still exist.
A review on the manufacturing of a national icon: Institutions and incentives in the management of Yellowstone National Park

Abstract In Yellowstone National Park, the National Park Service (NPS) is legally obligated to preserve ecological health and promote recreation. These two mandates have been interpreted differently over the course of NPS management, and these changing interpretations have altered the park's ecosystems. We use a branch of political economy known as public choice analysis to explore how and why management regimes in Yellowstone have changed over time. We also examine what the ecological effects have been from these management changes. Political pressures, both from the public and Congress, have pushed the NPS to drastically change management policies that have ultimately altered the park's ecology. Many policies in Yellowstone are rooted in the public mischaracterization that Yellowstone is a primeval wilderness. Because of this mischaracterization and political pressures, the NPS in Yellowstone has adopted management philosophies and practices that are causing environmental degradation in the park. The NPS's current hands-off management approach, called “natural regulation” or “ecological process management,” assumes that nature will self-correct when ecological problems occur. This management philosophy ignores the fact that Yellowstone's ecosystem evolved for millennia with Native American's active management. The health of rangelands and riparian.
Adhesive plasticity among populations of purple sea urchin ( Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)

Sea urchins native to the nearshore open-coast experience periods of high, repeated wave forces that can result in dislodgement. To remain attached while clinging and locomoting across rocky substrates, sea urchins use adhesive tube feet. Purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) adhere to a variety of rock substrates (e.g., sandstone, mudstone, granite), and display morphological plasticity (skeletal morphology) to native substrate. We tested the hypothesis that their adhesive system is also plastic and varies as a function of native population and substrate. The results of our study support our hypothesis. Sea urchins from sandstone adhere less strongly to most substrates than those native to mudstone and granite rock. Sandstone produced the lowest whole animal adhesive force values across all populations, suggesting that this rock type is particularly challenging for sea urchins to adhere to. The number of adhesive tube feet that failed during experimental trials and the area used by sea urchins to attach, matches closely with whole animal adhesive force values: higher forces resulted in more tube foot failure and larger attachment area. On artificial substrates (glass and plexiglass), differences in adhesion among populations was consistent with differences in adhesion on rock substrates except on glass, where sea urchins native to sandstone adhered more strongly to glass than any other substrate tested. To our knowledge, this study is the first to describe population-level plasticity in a biological adhesive system related to native substrate, and has significant implications for sea urchin ecology, behavior, and functional morphology.
Σ(1385) Resonance Studies with Star at % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaagCart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbWexLMBbXgBd9gzLbvyNv2CaeHbl7mZLdGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqr% pepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs% 0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-xfr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaai% aabeqaamaabaabauaakeaadaGcaaqaaiaadofadaWgaaWcbaGaamOt% aiaad6eaaeqaaaqabaGccqGH9aqpcaaIYaGaaGimaiaaicdacaaMe8% Uaam4raiaadwgacaWGwbaaaa!4938!$$\sqrt {{S_{NN}}} = 200\;GeV$$

In p+p, d+Au, and Au+Au collisions at \(\sqrt {{S_{NN}}} = 200\;GeV\) with the STAR detector at RHIC, Σ (1385) → Λ + π were measured using two techniques; three-particle mixing and a hybrid mixing technique. We present results from both of these methods and compare the invariant mass spectra and the backgrounds.
Impacts of Deforestation on Vector-borne Disease Incidence

Forest clearance alters ecosystem dynamics and leads to new breeding habitats for disease vectors, such as mosquitoes, fleas and ticks, by reshaping existing ecosystem boundaries. Such boundaries are often sites of contact between humans and forest pathogens. There is a well-documented, positive association between the increased deforestation of an area and the emergence of zoonotic, vector-borne diseases. Populations living within or near these fragmented forests are at a much higher risk of infection due to increased contact with vectors at forest edges and the reduced biodiversity of the area. This paper explores studies that have demonstrated that human-vector contact in newly created forest edges has led to increased risk of malaria in Peru, American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in Costa Rica and hantavirus in Panama. It is important to identify at-risk populations and develop strategies to minimize their exposure in order to prevent wider spread of these diseases and help implement targeted control strategies.
755 A Novel Modularized Intervention to Improve Sleep in Older Hospitalized Veterans

Introduction: Disturbed sleep in hospitalized patient populations is a highly prevalent phenomenon, with patients commonly reporting problems with shorter sleep duration, more frequent awakenings, and overall poorer sleep quality during hospital stay compared to at home. Sleep disturbance during hospitalization is especially problematic as sleep is associated with both physical and psychological well-being. Poorer sleep has been found to impact recovery outcomes in a number of patient populations including mild traumatic brain injury, chronic pain, and most recently, in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The current analyses examined pilot data from a novel brief modularized sleep intervention implemented with older adult Veterans living on a subacute rehabilitation unit. Methods: Participants were screened for sleep problems upon admission to the unit. Veterans who screened positive were invited to participate in the sleep intervention. Components of the intervention were selected based on screener responses and included group sleep hygiene psychoeducation, environmental accommodations (e.g. ear plugs, eye mask, soothing music), and CPAP use education. Measures completed at pre- and post- intervention assessed sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), global health functioning (PROMIS Global Health Scale), and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9). Pre- and post- scores were compared using paired sample t-tests. Two samples t-tests compared change scores in PHQ-9 between groups. Results: A total of 33 Veterans were included in the analyses (Mage = 69.6, 3 female, intervention group n = 21). Participants showed a trend toward decreased PHQ-9 scores following the intervention (t(16) = 1.58, p = 0.100). There were no significant effects of the intervention on sleep quality or global health. Compared to the non-intervention group, the intervention group showed greater decrease in PHQ-9 scores at the time of post-intervention (t(25) = .828, p = .025). Conclusion: Preliminary data suggests that a brief modularized sleep intervention may benefit depressive symptoms for older adults during hospitalization. Additional research is needed to better understand the impact of a brief intervention on self-reported sleep quality during the hospitalization period.
Risk factors and ambulatory outcome in ischemic stroke patients with pre-stroke depression

Abstract Objective It is well known that post-stroke depression might be a negative factor for stroke recovery, however there is limited evidence to establish the link between pre-stroke depression and stroke outcome such motor recovery. The objective is to determine clinical risk factors in ischemic stroke patients with pre-stroke depression that are associated functional ambulatory outcome. Methods Data from acute ischemic patients from a regional stroke registry were collected for consecutive recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(rtPA)-treated acute ischemic stroke patients between January 2010 and June 2016. Logistic regression model was used to predict risk factors that served as predictive variables, while the increase or reduce odds of improvement in ambulatory outcome was considered as the primary outcome. Multicollinearity and possible interactions among the independent variables were analyzed using the variance inflation factor. Results A total of 1446 patients were eligible for recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) and 596 of these patients received rtPA. Of the 596 ischemic stroke patients, 286 patients presented with recent pre-stroke depression, 310 had no pre-stroke depression. Carotid artery stenosis (OR = 11.577, 95% CI, 1.281–104.636, P = 0.029) and peripheral vascular disease (OR = 18.040, 95% CI, 2.956–110.086, P = 0.002) were more likely to be associated with increase odds of improvement in ambulation in patients with no pre-stroke depression treated with rtPA, while antihypertensive medications (OR = 0.192, 95% CI, 0.035–1.067, P = 0.050),previous TIA (OR = 0.177, 95% CI, 0.038–0.818, P = 0.027), and congestive heart failure (OR = 0. 0.160, 95% CI, 0.030–0.846, P = 0.031) were associated with reduced odds of improvement in ambulation. In addition, carotid artery stenosis (OR = 0.078, 95% CI, 0.10-0.614, P = 0.015, congestive heart failure (OR = 0.217, 95% CI, 0.318–0.402, P = 0.030), previous TIA (OR = 0.444, 95% CI, 0.517–0.971, P = 0.012), higher NIHSS scores ((OR = 0.887, 95% CI, 0.830–0.948, P Conclusion Our findings indicate that more risk factors were associated with the decreased odds of an improvement in ambulation following thrombolytic therapy in an ischemic stroke population with pre-stroke depression when compared with those without pre-stroke depression. This finding maybe helpful in the development of management strategies to increase the use of thrombolytic therapy for pre-stroke depressed ischemic stroke to increased their eligibility for rtPA.
DamageMap: A post-wildfire damaged buildings classifier

Abstract The increasing frequency and severity of wildfire events in the last few decades has created an urgent need for new technologies that allow rapid surveying and assessment of post-wildfire building damage. However, existing technologies lack in accuracy and ability to scale to effectively aid disaster relief and recovery. Even today, most wildfire event inspectors need to physically visit the areas impacted by wildfires and manually classify building damage, which requires considerable time and resources. Here, we present DamageMap, an artificial intelligence-powered post-wildfire building damage classifier. DamageMap is a binary classifier (outputs are “damaged” or “undamaged”). Unlike existing solutions that require both pre- and post-wildfire imagery to classify building damage, DamageMap relies on post-wildfire images alone by separating the segmentation and classification tasks. Our model has an overall accuracy of 98% on the validation set (five wildfire events all around the world) and 92% and 98% on two independent test sets from the Camp Fire and the Carr Fire, respectively. Excellent model performance across a variety of datasets provides evidence of DamageMap's robustness to unseen data. Thus, DamageMap may help governmental and non-governmental agencies rapidly survey building damage using post-wildfire aerial or satellite imagery in wildfire-impacted areas.
In situ imaging of amorphous intermediates during brucite carbonation in supercritical CO2.

Progress in understanding crystallization pathways depends on the ability to unravel relationships between intermediates and final crystalline products at the nanoscale, which is a particular challenge at elevated pressure and temperature. Here we exploit a high-pressure atomic force microscope to directly visualize brucite carbonation in water-bearing supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) at 90 bar and 50 °C. On introduction of water-saturated scCO2, in situ visualization revealed initial dissolution followed by nanoparticle nucleation consistent with amorphous magnesium carbonate (AMC) on the surface. This is followed by growth of nesquehonite (MgCO3·3H2O) crystallites. In situ imaging provided direct evidence that the AMC intermediate acts as a seed for crystallization of nesquehonite. In situ infrared and thermogravimetric–mass spectrometry indicate that the stoichiometry of AMC is MgCO3·xH2O (x = 0.5–1.0), while its structure is indicated to be hydromagnesite-like according to density functional theory and X-ray pair distribution function analysis. Our findings thus provide insight for understanding the stability, lifetime and role of amorphous intermediates in natural and synthetic systems. Non-classical crystallization may proceed through formation of intermediate phases, but it is not known whether these are linked to the final crystallization. Here, using an atomic force microscope at 90 bar, brucite carbonation is directly observed, with an amorphous intermediate acting as the seed for crystalline nesquehonite.
The kinetic and isotopic competence of nitric oxide as an intermediate in denitrification.

Rates of NO uptake by five denitrifying bacteria were estimated by NO-electrode and gas chromatography methods under conditions of rather low cell densities and [NOaq]. The rates so measured, VmaxNO, represent lower limits for the true value of that parameter, but nevertheless exceed Vmax for nitrite uptake, VmaxNi, by a factor of two typically. Previous estimates under suboptimal conditions had placed VmaxNO at 0.3-0.5 of VmaxNi (St. John, R. T., and Hollocher, T. C. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 212-218; Garber, E. A. E., and Hollocher, T.C. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 5459-5465). The steady-state [NOaq] during denitrification of nitrite by nitrate-grown cells was less than or equal to 1 microM. The above observations, taken with a recent direct estimate for the KmNO for NO uptake of 0.4 microM (Zafiriou, O. C., Hanley, Q. S., and Snyder, G. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 5694-5699), would allow NO to be a free intermediate between nitrite and N2O with steady-state concentrations of less than or equal to 0.4 microM. As the result of special conditions during cell growth or differential inhibition by azide, it was possible to establish systems that accumulated NO during denitrification of nitrite. In all such cases, VmaxNO less than VmaxNi, and the time required to reach the maximum [NOaq] corresponded closely to the time needed to exhaust the nitrite. A semiquantitative isotope experiment with Paracoccus denitrificans demonstrated the trapping of 15NO from 15NO2- in a pool of NOaq. A quantitative isotope method using low densities of the same bacterium showed that 15N from 15NO2- and 14N from NOg combine randomly to form N2O during the simultaneous denitrification of 15NO2- and NO. The result requires that the pathways from nitrite and NO share a common mononitrogen intermediate. Results to the contrary obtained at high cell densities (first two references cited above) are now believed to have been due to technical artifacts. The present results are consistent with the view that NO is under kinetic control as a free intermediate in denitrification and serve to remove previously imagined constraints on this view.
Administrative Law Unbounded: Reflections on Government and Governance

Administrative law as it has historically been understood presupposes that there is something called administration. The administrator and/or the administrative agency or organization exist as a bounded reality. Administrative law prescribes behavior within administrative organizations; more importantly, it delineates the relationships between those inside an administration and those outside it. Outside an administration lie both the
Mechanical Verification of a Square Root Algorithm Using Taylor's Theorem

The IBM Power4? processor uses Chebyshev polynomials to calculate square root. We formally verified the correctness of this algorithm using the ACL2(r) theorem prover. The proof requires the analysis on the approximation error of Chebyshev polynomials. This is done by proving Taylor's theorem, and then analyzing the Chebyshev polynomial using Taylor polynomials. Taylor's theorem is proven by way ofnon-standard analysis, as implemented in ACL2(r). Since a Taylor polynomial has less accuracy than the Chebyshev polynomial ofthe same degree, we used hundreds of Taylor polynomial generated by ACL2(r) to evaluate the error ofa Chebyshev polynomial.
Idiopathic familial cirrhosis and steatosis in adults

Abstract A family was studied in which three middle-aged siblings had unexplained cirrhosis and steatosis. Five of nine additional family members had abnormalities of liver function. Liver biopsy in those 5 revealed steatosis in 3, steatosis and fibrosis in 1, and increase in lipofuchsin pigment in another. Detailed investigation revealed no known metabolic defect, adverse environmental exposure, or alcohol abuse. We postulate that this family represents a unique type of idiopathic familial cirrhosis. The role of steatosis in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis in this family remains unsettled. The HLA haplotype A 24, B18, DRW 4 × 7 was found in several family members, but the association of the disease with the HLA system remains to be established.
Causal field theory with an infinite speed of sound

We introduce a model of scalar field dark energy, Cuscuton, which can be realized as the incompressible (or infinite speed of sound) limit of a scalar field theory with a noncanonical kinetic term (or $k$-essence). Even though perturbations of Cuscuton propagate superluminally, we show that they have a locally degenerate phase space volume (or zero entropy), implying that they cannot carry any microscopic information, and thus the theory is causal. Even coupling to ordinary scalar fields cannot lead to superluminal signal propagation. Furthermore, we show that the family of constant field hypersurfaces is the family of constant mean curvature hypersurfaces, which are the analogs of soap films (or soap bubbles) in Euclidian space. This enables us to find the most general solution in $1+1$ dimensions, whose properties motivate conjectures for global degeneracy of the phase space in higher dimensions. Finally, we show that the Cuscuton action can model the continuum limit of the evolution of a field with discrete degrees of freedom and argue why it is protected against quantum corrections at low energies. While this paper mainly focuses on interesting features of Cuscuton in a Minkowski space-time, a companion paper examines cosmology with Cuscuton dark energy.
Regulation of S-Adenosylmethionine Synthetase in Escherichia coli

Addition of methionine to the growth medium of Escherichia coli K-12 leads to a reduction in the specific activity of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthetase. Thus the enzyme appears to be repressible rather than inducible. Mutant strains (probably metJ−) are constitutive for SAM synthetase as well as for the methionine biosynthetic enzymes, suggesting that the regulatory systems for these enzymes have at least some elements in common. Cells grown to stationary phase in complete medium, which have low specific activities of the enzymes, were routinely used for derepression experiments. The lag in growth and derepression when these cells are incubated in minimal medium is shortened by threonine. Ethionine, norleucine, and α-methylmethionine are poor substrates or nonsubstrates for SAM synthetase and are ineffective repressors. Selenomethionine, a better substrate for SAM synthetase than methionine, is also slightly more effective at repression than methionine. Although SAM is considered to be a likely candidate for the corepressor in the control of the methionine biosynthetic enzymes, addition of SAM to the growth medium does not cause repression. Measurement of SAM uptake shows that too little is taken into the cells to have a significant effect, even if it were active in the control system.
The Effect of Foam Rolling Duration on Hamstring Range of Motion.

Musculoskeletal health benefits from flexibility training and maintaining a functional, or sport specific, range of motion is important to one's overall fitness. Commercial foam rollers are commonly used in gyms, therapy clinics and homes, yet data are lacking on the optimal rolling duration and effect on range of motion. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of varied durations of a commercial foam roller treatment on hamstring range of motion.
Negative Practice as a Psychotherapeutic Technique

(1954). Negative Practice as a Psychotherapeutic Technique. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 69-82.
Abstract 4490: Tocotrienols inhibit PI3/Akt and ERK pathways to induce growth arrest in pancreatic cancer cell lines by downregulation of Her-2/ErbB2 receptors

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Abstract: Pancreatic cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Alternate strategies to treat and prevent this cancer are urgently required. In this regard, novel therapeutic agents that can inhibit signaling pathways implicated in the proliferation and survival of pancreatic cancer cells are of immense interest. Tocotrienols are members of the Vitamin E family but, unlike tocopherols, possess an unsaturated isoprenoid side-chain that confers superior anti-cancer properties. The ability of tocotrienols to selectively inhibit the HMG CoA reductase pathway through post-translational degradation of HMG CoA reductase and to suppress the activity of transcription factor NFκβ could be the basis for some of these properties. Data: Our studies indicate that γ- and Δ-tocotrienol have potent anti-proliferative activity in pancreatic cancer cells (Panc-28, MIA-PACA-2 and BXPC-3). Indeed both tocotrienols induced cell death (> 50%) by the MTT cell viability assay in all three pancreatic cancer cell lines. We also examined the effects of the tocotrienols on the Akt and the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways by Western blotting analysis. γ- and Δ-Tocotrienol treatment of cells reduced the activation of ERK MAP kinase and that of its downstream mediator RSK (ribosomal protein S6k) in addition to suppressing the activation of protein kinase, Akt. Suppression of activation of Akt by gamma-tocotrienol led to downstream upregulation of Fox-03 and GSK-3b. These effects were mediated by the downregulation of Her2/ErbB2 at the messenger level. Tocotrienols but not tocopherols were able to induce the observed effects. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the tocotrienol isoforms of vitamin E can induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells through the suppression of vital cell survival and proliferative signaling pathways such as those mediated by the PI3/Akt and ERK/MAP kinases via downregulation of Her2/ErbB2 expression. The molecular components for this mechanism are not completely elucidated and needs further investigation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4490. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4490
Fault tolerance techniques to assure data integrity in high-volume PACS image archives

Picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) perform the systematic acquisition, archiving, and presentation of large quantities of radiological image and text data. In the UCLA Radiology PACS, for example, the volume of image data archived currently exceeds 2500 gigabytes. Furthermore, the distributed heterogeneous PACS is expected to have near real-time response, be continuously available, and assure the integrity and privacy of patient data. The off-the-shelf subsystems that compose the current PACS cannot meet these expectations; therefore fault tolerance techniques had to be incorporated into the system. This paper is to report our first-step efforts towards the goal and is organized as follows: First we discuss data integrity and identify fault classes under the PACS operational environment, then we describe auditing and accounting schemes developed for error-detection and analyze operational data collected. Finally, we outline plans for future research.
Genetic determination and enzymatic induction of tyrosinase in Neurospora

Three genes controlling the synthesis of tyrosinase in Neurospora crassa have been found: T, ty -1, and ty -2. The genes are not closely linked. Of the three, only the T gene has a structure-determining role in the synthesis of the enzyme. The other two influence the synthesis indirectly through their control over an inductive mechanism that operates on the enzyme. Aromatic amino acids, especially their D -stereoisomers, are effective as inducers. Sulfate, or a substance derived from it, acts as a repressor of the synthesis. Tyrosinase formation in wild-type is constitutive or inductive, depending on the concentration of sulfate in the medium.
Continuity in animal resource diversity in the Late Pleistocene human diet of Central Portugal

Archaeologists studying the human occupation of Late Pleistocene Iberia have identified the Late Upper Palaeolithic, including the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, as a time of resource intensification, diversification and specialisation. The primary drivers for these changes were argued to be the result of population-resource imbalances triggered by the postglacial climatic warming and human population growth. Recent research, however, has pushed resource intensification and diversification back in time to the Early Upper Palaeolithic in Iberia and beyond. Dietary diversity may have given anatomically modern humans a selective advantage over Neanderthals. In this article we review the accumulated evidence for Late Middle and Upper Palaeolithic diet in central Portugal, emphasising the importance of small animal exploitation. We incorporate results from on-going research at Lapa do Picareiro and other sites to explore the possibility that the dietary choices of modern foragers in Iberia contributed to the...
Deep desulfurization by selective adsorption of dibenzothiophenes on Ag+/SBA-15 and Ag+/SiO2

Silver (Ag+) salts adsorbed on amorphous silica or mesoporous SBA-15 extract dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-Me2DBT) from simulated, hydrotreated petroleum feedstocks.
Intracisternal administration of glibenclamide or 5-hydroxydecanoate does not reverse the neuroprotective effect of ketogenic diet against ischemic brain injury-induced neurodegeneration.

Primary objective: To investigate the role of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in the neuroprotective effects of a ketogenic diet against cardiac arrest-induced cerebral ischemic brain injury-induced neurodegeneration.Research design: Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups and were fed with a ketogenic diet for 25 days before being subjected to a cardiac arrest-induced cerebral ischemia for 8 minutes 30 seconds. Four hours before cardiac arrest-induced cerebral ischemia, one group was intracisternally injected with glibenclamide, a plasma membrane KATP channel blocker. The second group was injected with 5-hydroxydecanoate, a mitochondrial KATP channel blocker. The third group was without the pre-treatment with KATP channel antagonist. Nine days after the cardiac arrest, rats were sacrificed. Fluoro-jade (FJ) staining was used to evaluate cerebral ischemic neurodegeneration in the rat brain sections.Main outcomes and results: The number of FJ-positive degenerating neurons i...
Pressure dependence of the vortex core parameter in He II

Abstract Using a precision time of flight technique, we have determined the pressure dependance of the vortex core parameter in He II. Our results are in reasonable agreement with the predictions of the core model of Glaberson, Strayer and Donnelly.
The effects of ownership form on profit maximization and cost minimization behavior within municipal and cooperative electrical distribution utilities

Abstract This paper examines the economic efficiency of a sample of municipal and cooperative Tennessee Valley Authority electric distributors. Evidence of cost-minimizing behavior in the use of labor and purchased electricity is exhibited by both organizational forms. Cooperatives appear to be somewhat more absolute price efficient than municipals. However, neither type of utility appears to maximize profits. Municipals appear to be more technically efficient than cooperatives.
586: Effect of alcohol on anti-HIV factor expression of cord blood monocyte-derived macrophages (CBMDM)

ICD-9 codes were used to identify obstetrical deliveries occurring calendar year 2005-2009, collated by screening culture result. All cases with positive culture results were subjected to medical record review to collect data on antibiotic sensitivity testing and population demographics. RESULTS: 20,042 obstetrical deliveries occurred during the five-year period under study. Carrier prevalence was 23.6% (n 4,738). Antibiotic sensitivity results were available for 812 isolates. 51.6% of isolates were universally-sensitive to penicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin and vancomycin. Individual antibiotic resistance prevalence rates were 3.7%, 25.2%, 46.4% and 0.0% respectively. Of those with penicillin resistance, 66.7% were also to resistant to clindamycin and erthyromycin. CONCLUSION: We report a regional subset of GBS isolates with penicillin resistance, and an increased rate of resistance to erythromycin comparative to other published reports. This may be due to established recommendations for antibiotic use, and/or actual antibiotic practice. The clinical implications of penicillin-resistance is unknown and further study is necessary to draw additional conclusions.
(Un)conscious (popular) underground: Restricted cultural production and underground rap music

Abstract Alternative (or “underground”) rap music proves a worthy site for applying ideas associated with Bourdieu's field of cultural production. I examine how underground rap music blurs the boundaries of restricted and large-scale production, as represented by noncommercial and commercial rap respectively. Artists identified as “underground” deploy anti-corporate, politically-charged, and socially-conscious lyrics, which can be viewed as restricted production. However, these lyrical themes are relatively scarce compared to themes of misogyny and hyper-masculinity found in this sub-genre and predominately found in commercial rap. This study thus reveals that large-scale and restricted fields of production may intersect ( Craig and Dubois, 2010 , Elafros, 2013 , Hitters and van de Kamp, 2010 , Sapiro, 2010 ). In this case, a symbiotic relationship may exist between major record companies and underground artists ( Lena, 2006 , Watkins, 2005 , Watts, 2012 ) that demands further analysis. Rappers’ habitus may inform and interact with rap music production, especially for “second-go-round” artists, compelling them to cooperate with commercial rap market imperatives (i.e., by using misogynistic and violent lyrics, as well as politically-oriented and socially-conscious rhymes) to maximize their appeal to both alternative rap consumers and large, mainstream record labels.
Hepatocellular carcinoma tumor dose heterogeneity and response using 3D voxel-based dosimetry following 90Y-microsphere therapy

increased by 49% above baseline at 2 weeks and 28% at 4 weeks. PDGF decreased below baseline by 31% at 2 weeks and by 39% at 4 weeks. There was a significant difference between the Y90 alone and Y90 þ sorafenib groups for HGF and PDGF at 2 weeks and for IL6 at 4 weeks. Conclusion: Radioembolization is associated with an increase in serum angiogenic biomarkers. However, there is only a slight increase in the key serum biomarkers VEGF and PDGF. The addition of sorafenib blunts the response of PDGF while other key biomarkers such as VEGF remain unaffected. This suggests that the predominant effect of Sorafenib may be through downregulation of PDGF and not VEGF.
Why do schistosomes have separate sexes

Paul Basch postulates that the familiar Schistosoma of humans evolved from hermaphroditic blood flukes of Mesozoic reptiles as those host became warm-blooded. The reproductive superiority that accompanied tendencies to protandry and protogyny in hermaphroditic blood flukes has led to subsequent sexual separation and dimorphism but substantial fragments of the ancestral contrasex genome persist in present-day males, as shown by common tendencies toward hermaphroditism. In present-day females the loss of the male-specific genome is far more complete and in the process of optimizing reproductive efficiency, present-day females have sacrificed many structural elements including locomotory and pharyngeal muscles. These losses have created dependency on the well-muscled male, whose primary functions seem to be compensatory; ie., physical transport of the female from the point of pairing to the point of egg deposition, stimulating growth and development by pumping blood into the female, who unpaired would starve, plus, less importantly, fertilization of the oocytes.
The effect of varying extents of Fluosol-DA or normal saline haemodilution on the dose dependent kinetics of phenytoin in the rat.

— Phenytoin kinetics were determined in rats in which the blood was moderately haemodiluted with 20 or 40 mL kg−1 of Fluosol-DA or normal saline. Rats received one of three intravenous phenytoin doses (10, 40, 50 mg kg−1) 0·5, 24, 48, or 72 h after haemodilution and were compared with non-exchanged controls. Haemodilution with either 20 or 40 mL kg−1 of Fluosol or saline had no influence on the dose-dependent kinetics of phenytoin. Haemodilution with 40 mL kg−1 of Fluosol decreased the half-life of phenytoin's major metabolite, HPPH, after a 50 mg kg−1 dose. Neither Fluosol nor saline haemodilution affected the normal delay in biliary cycling of HPPH.
Formation and Stability of Metastable Tungsten Carbide Nanoparticles

The low temperature transformation pathways of tungsten carbide formation in the nanoscale regime were investigated using a reactive carbon molecule and tungsten. WC core/W shell nanoparticles produced by the decomposition of metastable W2C were discovered using TEM. XRD studies revealed both the elemental and carbide phases of tungsten. It was observed that the metastable W2C phase can be stabilized at RT by carbon encapsulation. These findings open new avenues to access core-shell morphologies of refractory carbides and to stabilize W2C nanoparticles at RT.
Sound wave propagation in FHP lattice gas automata

Abstract Two properties of sound wave propagation are studied for the simplest lattice gas model for modelling the Navier-Stokes equation. It is shown that the propagation is anisotropic for finite flow speed, u 0 . It is also shown that the density fluctuation is advected at a speed which is gu 0 2 where g is (p−3) (p−6) and p is the mean density. Both of these unphysical effects are improved considerably by introducing more speeds in the model.
Photometric accuracy of infrared spectrophotometers

A method for photometric calibration of infrared spectrophotometers is based on the use of a secondary transmittance standard of calcium fluoride whose transmittance has been established with a rotating sector. The transferability of intensity data among Beckman IR-7’s has been studied by measuring the absorption bands of indene. The average deviation from the mean values of 10 indene bands measured on five calibrated instruments is 0.8% transmittance. It is suggested that the residual differences after calibration are due to small variations in slit function among the instruments.
Chronic pain in children

Abstract Chronic pain in children was reviewed in two major categories: disease-related pain and recurrent pain syndromes. Problems with the traditional dichotomy of organic versus psychogenic origins of such pain were noted. Additionally, disturbing trends in the pharmacological management of children's chronic pain were discussed. Furthermore, applications of psychological interventions to both pain categories were outlined and have shown exciting potential for the amelioration of a number of children's chronic pain problems. However, research in this area is only beginning to demonstrate efficacy and controlled outcome studies are few in number. Finally, a brief review of strategies for the assessment of children's chronic pain was presented and revealed an area also in its infancy.
Synapse formation and disappearance in adult rat supraoptic nucleus during different hydration states

Activation of the adult rat supraoptic nucleus by a chronic stimulus (10 days of drinking 2% NaCl instead of tap water) brought about the appearance of newly formed specialized synapses onto the magnocellular neurosecretory cells. The increase in these synapses was reversed when the animals were allowed to rehydrate by drinking tap water. The apparent retraction and reinsertion of the thin glial processes from between the neurosecretory cell somata, which results in significant changes in soma-somatic direct membrane appositions, is most likely involved in the formation and elimination of these synapses.
Identification of ISO‐TC‐1 as a new T‐2 toxin metabolite in cow urine

The structure of a new metabolite T-2 toxin (iso-TC-1) has been established as 3,15-diacetoxy-4-hydroxy-8(3-methyl-3'-hydroxy-butyryloxy)-12, 13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene. The compound is an isomer of TC-1 (a recently isolated T-2 derivative) in which the hydroxy and acetoxy groups at the C-3 and C-4 positions, respectively, are reversed. Direct probe analysis by electron impact (EI) of the underivatized iso-TC-1, as well as EI, positive chemical ionization (CI) in methane, and positive CI in ammonia of its trimethylsilylether or trifluoroacetate provided evidence to support the structure assignment of the new metabolite. The mass spectra of iso-TC-1 were compared with those of TC-1, T-2 toxin and iso-T-2 toxin (the isomer of T-2 toxin having reversed substituents at C-3 and C-4) with regard to molecular weight and fragments involving the substituents at C-3, C-4, C-8 and C-15. Although the two isomers, TC-1 and iso-TC-1, were not easily resolved by thin layer chromatography (TLC), a very good separation of their trimethylsilyl and trifluoroacetate derivatives was obtained by capillary gas chromatography. Acetylation of TC-1 or iso-TC-1 gave the same product. Iso-TC-1 is one of the main products of T-2 metabolism in the cow (more abundant than TC-1) and is found in the urine.
Lipid Composition of Comedones Compared With That of Human Skin Surface in Acne Patients

TLC† analysis of comedo lipids from the face, neck, chest and back of acne patients of both sexes, ages 12 to 26 years, (some 65 specimens) gave the same gross composition except for hydrocarbons more saturated than squalene and lipids more polar than free cholesterol. Quantitative data (chromatography plus GLC of isolated fractions) on both comedo and surface lipids from each of 3 acne patients revealed the following. Free fatty acids plus triglycerides comprised ∼63% of both comedo and skin surface lipids. However, for the comedo, 90% of this sum was free fatty acids compared with only 25% for surface lipid. This implies that triglycerides in comedo lipids are nearly completely hydrolyzed but only 25% hydrolyzed in surface lipids. GLC patterns of the free fatty acids were almost identical for both surface and comedo lipids in all 3 subjects except for slightly more unsaturated acids in surface lipids. For comedo and surface lipids respectively, wax esters were 14% and 24%, sterol esters 4% and 2%, free cholesterol 12% and 2%, and squalene 8% and 9%. Absence of free alcohols and constancy of GLC composition of the entire wax ester fraction indicated it was not hydrolyzed in either surface or comedo lipids. GLC composition of the entire sterol ester fraction from comedones indicated that the fatty acids were derived from epidermis and sebum.
Effects of Insect Seed Predators on Astragalus cibarius and Astragalus utahensis (Leguminosae

The genus Astragalus (Leguminosae) is noted for a wide diversity of com- pounds toxic to animals and for varied fruit morphology. Seed predation by insects was measured in mixed populations of Astragalus cibarius (browse milkvetch or locoweed), a toxic species with glabrous fruits, and Astragalus utahensis (Utah milkvetch), a nontoxic species with pubescent fruits. The study was conducted for 3 yr in areas where both species were sympatric, allowing direct comparison of insect faunas. The major seed predator on both species was a seed beetle (Acanthoscelides fraterculus, Coleoptera: Bruchidae) which destroyed 74% of the A. cibarius seeds and 60% of the A. utahensis seeds examined. Addi- tional A. cibarius seed destruction, principally the result of predation by a seed chalcid wasp (Bruchophagus inexicanus, Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), averaged 25%. Differential predation on the two plant species may be due to differences in phenology, seed and pod energy content, internal pod temperature, chemicals in the pods, and pod morphology. As A. cibarius and A. utahensis individuals apparently compete for a number of resources when they occur sympatrically, the differential predation rate probably influences the population dynamics of both species. Selection pressure by seed-eating insects may account for much of the chemical and morphological diversity exhibited by the genus Astragalus at the present time.
Dom34 Rescues Ribosomes in 3′ Untranslated Regions

Ribosomes that stall before completing peptide synthesis must be recycled and returned to the cytoplasmic pool. The protein Dom34 and cofactors Hbs1 and Rli1 can dissociate stalled ribosomes in vitro, but the identity of targets in the cell is unknown. Here, we extend ribosome profiling methodology to reveal a high-resolution molecular characterization of Dom34 function in vivo. Dom34 removes stalled ribosomes from truncated mRNAs, but, in contrast, does not generally dissociate ribosomes on coding sequences known to trigger stalling, such as polyproline. We also show that Dom34 targets arrested ribosomes near the ends of 3′ UTRs. These ribosomes appear to gain access to the 3′ UTR via a mechanism that does not require decoding of the mRNA. These results suggest that ribosomes frequently enter downstream noncoding regions and that Dom34 carries out the important task of rescuing them.
Carotid artery surgery and carotid stenting in prevention of strokes.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the randomized trial data comparing carotid endarterectomy with carotid artery stenting and describe ischemic visual symptoms and their presentation to ophthalmologists. RECENT FINDINGS Carotid stenosis, symptomatic and asymptomatic, is prevalent and is a significant cause of stroke. Timely evaluation and intervention are important in stroke prevention. SUMMARY Carotid endarterectomy remains the standard of care for extracranial carotid stenosis except in specific clinical scenarios. Ongoing and future trials will clarify the role of revascularization methods. The role of carotid artery stenting in acute stroke, including its use in the intracranial circulation, is being investigated. Ophthalmologists should be familiar with ischemic risk factor assessment, appropriate and timely referral for imaging and evaluation and initiation of antiplatelet therapy.
Partial prevention by cyanide of selenium poisoning in rats.

Summary The intraperitoneal injection of KCN, with or 10 min after the injection of Na 2 SeO 3 , reduced the acute toxicity of the selenite. Na 2 SeO 3 also reduced KCN toxicity. The addition of 200 μg KCN/ml to the drinking water partially prevented chronic selenosis in rats fed a diet containing added Na 2 SeO 3 (9 μg Se/g). Adding the KCN to the diet had no effect. The injection of KCN with Na 2 SeO 3 delayed the exhalation of Se by the rats. The possiblity that the effects noted were the result of SeCN − formation are discussed. The protective effect of linseed oil meal against selenosis can probably be explained by the release of CN − from its cyanogenic glycosides.
Control of antigen receptor gene assembly by cis-element mediated looping

The adaptive immune system endows mammals with a sophisticated mechanism to survive in a world filled with pathogens. This dynamic defense is generated by V(D)J recombination, which enables lymphocytes to uniquely interact with an enormous range of epitopes on foreign antigens. V(D)J recombination is a set of sequentially controlled DNA cleavage and repair events, which brings variable (V), diversity (D) and joining (J) gene segments together to form functional antigen receptor genes. However, the recombination process must be stringently regulated to prevent formation of chromosomal translocations, which can lead to tumors. The process of V(D)J recombination is regulated at the level of tissue, stage and allele specificity by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Our lab has characterized several genetic elements that regulate chromatin accessibility and recombination at the T cell receptor beta (Tcrb) locus. These include transcriptional promoters and enhancers, which interact with each other in conformational space to form a promoter-enhancer holocomplex. The holocomplex subsequently recruits the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, leading to locus activation. However, the factors that mediate conformation and epigenetic changes required for efficient Tcrb gene assembly are unknown. We hypothesized that active transcription may stabilize the holocomplex. In order to test this, we chemically induced promoter-proximal-pausing in proT cells. We discovered that in the absence of elongating RNA polymerase II, the promoter-enhancer holocomplex is disrupted without any robust changes in transcription factor binding, structural protein recruitment or histone acetylation across the locus. Ongoing work seeks to decipher whether the transcriptional machinery is required at all for holocomplex stability. Meanwhile, in order to dissect the spatial and epigenetic mechanisms that lead to Tcrb activation, our lab has generated mutated versions of Tcrb cis-elements in a proT cell line model using Zinc Finger Nucleases. Preliminary studies on these mutants have shown that the holocomplex formation requires the enhancer (or enhancer bound elements) and also CTCF sites flanking the locus. Ongoing studies seek to identify which CTCF sites are necessary and sufficient for holocomplex stability. Using these and additional mutants, we are testing the role played by cis-elements in maintaining the chromatin and looping of Tcrb, which are essential for recombination.