cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Discussion on Limiting of Primary Frequency in Hydropower Units and Coordination Norm for AGC

This article takes administrative provisions for operation of primary frequency in Guangdong Power Grid Corporation as an example and discusses limiting of primary frequency in hydropower units and coordination norm for automatic generation control(AGC).Aiming at reasons for potential turbine lifting in the process of primary frequency,the article indicates that there is no need to restrict limiting of primary frequency of axial flow type units,it suggests to set a range of adjustment for primary frequency in avoidance of unfavorable impact of turbine lifting,hydraulic vibration and excess output on stable operation of units.The article lists two conjunctive modes between AGC and speed regulators in common use and it presents the contradiction and reasons for the conjunction;besides,it introduces examples of mutual coordination between primary frequency and AGC.
A Multiple-Criterion Scoring Approach To Information System Project Selection

AbstractThis paper presents a decision procedure for the selection of information systems projects. The procedure includes a steering committee which develops project evaluation criteria. The committee specifies weights for each criteria. Several alternatives for each computer application are developed and a scoring model is used to evaluate each alternative. The procedure allows for the inclusion of both objective and subjective criteria and should result in consistent project selection decisions.
Growth, intakes and metabolic responses of artificially reared lambs weaned at 14 d of age.

In two experiments, a total of 46 Finn Cross and Dorset lambs were artificially group-reared. Thirty eight were weaned abruptly at 14 d of age from a commercial milk replacer (MR) to a dry starter diet (SD). Lambs were self-fed cool (10 to 15 C) MR reconstituted to 25% dry matter (DM). The ground (2-mm screen) SD averaged 26.2% crude protein and 7.4% fat (DM basis). For both experiments, birth and weaning weights averaged 3.8 and 8.0 kg, respectively. Experiment 1 tested a strategy for encouraging postweaning DM intake. Fifteen lambs received MR reconstituted to 33% DM from d 11 to 14, and 15 lambs received standard 25% DM MR. Between d 14 and 15, intakes of DM, gross energy, crude protein and water dropped 86, 89, 85 and 64%, respectively. Lambs doubled their birth weights during the milk-feeding period and consumed 1.41 kg SD between d 14 and 25. The MR reconstitution rate did not affect weaning weight, postweaning SD or water intake, or growth check (GC, P greater than .10). Postweaning GC averaged 12.2 d and was not influenced (P greater than .10) by birth weight, sex or weaning weight. Mortality and disease rates under these conditions were negligible. Experiment 2 was designed to differentiate between the dual effects at weaning of altering the type of diet and of reducing the level of nutrient intake. Eight lambs were weaned to SD at 14 d, and eight lambs were bottle-fed isocaloric levels of MR from d 12 to 30. At weaning, plasma glucose concentration declined 1.4 mM from 6.7 mM due to fasting and an additional 1.0 mM due to the change of the type of diet (P less than .01). Plasma acetate and urea N concentrations rose steadily after d 16 in the SD-weaned lambs, but not in the MR-fed lambs (P less than .01), suggesting that the SD-weaned lambs absorbed ruminal fermentation products. These results indicate that artificially reared lambs may be routinely weaned to a dry diet at 14 d of age. The major alterations in plasma metabolites that occur within 6 to 8 d after abrupt weaning may define the period when these lambs become functional ruminants.
Peripheral Arterial Disease

Advances in mouse and human genome research have revolutionized the approach to identifying new disease-related genes and understanding the effect of gene modulation in disease processes, with the hope that it will likely lead to improvements in the detection of diseases and guide novel strategies for therapeutic interventions. Although the use of genomic methodologies is still in its infancy in studies of peripheral arterial disease, it is growing exponentially and will likely continue to positively impact our understanding of the disease and its therapies, with the distant potential to personalize therapies.
Notch1 Expression Is Regulated at Post-Transcriptional Level by 3′UTR Region in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development

Abstract In hematopoietic stem cell development, the expression of critical genes is precisely regulated in a stage specific manner, which supports normal hematopoietic development through adequately regulating timing of cell division, self-renewal, and lineage commitment. Regulation of gene expression is known to take place at least at transcriptional level. In addition to the transcriptional regulation, there are growing evidences that post-transcriptional control of critical genes may play an important role, suggesting an interesting possibility that post-transcriptional control may also play a role in hematopoiesis. Here, we provide the evidence that the expression of Notch1, a key factor in lymphoid development, is controlled at post-transcriptional level in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). By quantitative PCR, Notch1 mRNA is substantially expressed at HSCs as well as common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) or double negative (DN) thymocytes. However, Notch1 protein is detected at very low level in HSCs compared to CLPs or DN thymocytes, suggesting that Notch1 expression is regulated at post-transcriptional level in HSC. To investigate the effect of 3′UTR (untranslated region) on post-transcriptional regulation, we prepared a retrovirus sensor vector, in which 3′UTR of target gene is placed between the GFP coding region and the retrovirus 3′LTR, and found that induction of the sensor vector with the 3′UTR sequence of Notch1 showed marked suppression of the GFP intensity at the HSC stage. This effect was not observed when we introduced the vector into DN thymocytes. Suppression of Notch1 by its 3′UTR was further confirmed by using a retrovirus vector which has two distinct markers of YFP and GFP-3′UTR fusion genes under bi-directional EF1 promoter. Deletion mutant analysis showed that the responsible region required for this post-transcriptional suppression is confined to 120-bp sequence within Notch1 3′UTR so far. These data suggest that the expression of Notch1 should be regulated at post-transcriptional level by its 3′UTR at the HSC stage and our data provide the first evidence that the stage-specific translational regulation can play an important role in organization of hematopoietic development.
Article 21 [Freedom of Expression and Opinion, and Access to Information]

Many rationales for freedom of opinion and freedom of expression tend to style them as ‘super-freedoms’ with respect to the enablement of other fundamental rights. Despite the importance of the rights to freedom of expression and opinion, persons with disabilities face numerous barriers to their full enjoyment. Article 21 of the CRPD explicitly recognizes rights to freedom of opinion and expression by tailoring these established rights to circumstances and abilities particular to persons with disabilities.
Abstract P2-07-09: CPM rate among individuals with breast cancer who underwent multiplex gene testing for hereditary cancer: Single institution experience

Background: Availability of multiplex gene (MPG) testing for hereditary cancer has led to increase use of panel testing versus single gene testing for hereditary cancer. These panels include high, but also moderate penetrance genes. For some of these genes, associated cancer risk and risk management guidelines do not exist. Furthermore there is a high rate of variant of unknown significant (VUS) findings in non-BRCA genes. Currently, in the absence or minimal available data, health care providers and patients are faced with important risk management decisions, especially regarding preventive surgeries, such as prophylactic mastectomy. Currently, there is no data regarding prophylactic mastectomy rate among patients with breast cancer who underwent (MPG) testing. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the rate of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) in a cohort of individuals who underwent multiplex gene testing. Methods: Eight hundred thirty five patients with breast cancer who underwent MPG testing between the years 2013 and 2016 were identified using Institutional Clinical Cancer Genetics Database. Patients with pathogenic, likely pathogenic variants or who had a VUS were included in the analysis. Results: Of 835 patients with a diagnosis of breast cancer; 105 (13%) had a pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutation: 29 (28%) BRCA1, 26 (25%) BRCA2, 11 (11%) ATM, 2 (2%) BARD1, 3 (3%) BRIP, 9 (9%) CHEK2, 1 (1%) MSH2, 1 (1%) NBN, 5 (5%) PALB2, 4 (4%) PTEN, 1 (1%) RAD51C, 5 (5%) TP53, 4 (4%) CDH1, 2 (2%) MUTYH, 1 (1%) PMS2, 1 (1%) APC (1). A total of 102 (12%) VUS were found. Average age of diagnosis was 44 (Range 21-81). CPM rate was 32% (n=66) for the total cohort. Twenty nine % (n=19) of patients with non-BRCA mutations, 24.2% (n=16) with VUS and 46% (n=31) with BRCA mutations opted for CPM. Conclusion: Overall 32% of breast cancer patients with germline mutations or VUS opt for CPM at our institution. The rate for CPM in non- BRCA mutations carriers is high despite no available data regarding contralateral breast cancer risk and benefit of CPM. This finding should be validated in larger cohorts, including identification of reasons behind decision for CPM in these cohorts. Citation Format: Elsayegh N, Gutierrez Barrera AM, Kuerer HM, Hernandez ND, Litton JK, Arun BK. CPM rate among individuals with breast cancer who underwent multiplex gene testing for hereditary cancer: Single institution experience [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-07-09.
Short pulse, high resolution, backlighters for point projection high-energy radiography at the National Ignition Facility

High-resolution, high-energy X-ray backlighters are very active area of research for radiography experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [Miller et al., Nucl. Fusion 44, S228 (2004)], in particular those aiming at obtaining Compton-scattering produced radiographs from the cold, dense fuel surrounding the hot spot. We report on experiments to generate and characterize point-projection-geometry backlighters using short pulses from the advanced radiographic capability (ARC) [Crane et al., J. Phys. 244, 032003 (2010); Di Nicola et al., Proc. SPIE 2015, 93450I-12], at the NIF, focused on Au micro-wires. We show the first hard X-ray radiographs, at photon energies exceeding 60 keV, of static objects obtained with 30 ps-long ARC laser pulses, and the measurements of strength of the X-ray emission, the pulse duration and the source size of the Au micro-wire backlighters. For the latter, a novel technique has been developed and successfully applied.
Origin of the Size-Dependent Stokes Shift in CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals

The origin of the size-dependent Stokes shift in CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) is explained for the first time. Stokes shifts range from 82 to 20 meV for NCs with effective edge lengths varying from ∼4 to 13 nm. We show that the Stokes shift is intrinsic to the NC electronic structure and does not arise from extrinsic effects such as residual ensemble size distributions, impurities, or solvent-related effects. The origin of the Stokes shift is elucidated via first-principles calculations. Corresponding theoretical modeling of the CsPbBr3 NC density of states and band structure reveals the existence of an intrinsic confined hole state 260 to 70 meV above the valence band edge state for NCs with edge lengths from ∼2 to 5 nm. A size-dependent Stokes shift is therefore predicted and is in quantitative agreement with the experimental data. Comparison between bulk and NC calculations shows that the confined hole state is exclusive to NCs. At a broader level, the distinction between absorbing and emitting states in...
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control For Circadian Entrainment Using Small-Molecule Pharmaceuticals

Recent in vitro studies have identified small-molecule pharmaceuticals effecting dose-dependent changes in the mammalian circadian clock, providing a novel avenue for control. Most studies employ light for clock control, however, pharmaceuticals are advantageous for clock manipulation through reduced invasiveness. In this paper, we employ a mechanistic model to predict the phase dynamics of the mammalian circadian oscillator under the effect of the pharmaceutical under investigation. These predictions are used to inform a constrained model predictive controller (MPC) to compute appropriate dosing for clock re-entrainment. Constraints in the formulation of the MPC problem arise from variation in the phase response curves (PRCs) describing drug effects, and are in many cases non-intuitive owing to the nonlinearity of oscillator phase response effects. We demonstrate through in-silico experiments that it is imperative to tune the MPC parameters based on the drug-specific PRC for optimal phase manipulation.
Large-Scale Interdisciplinary Design Thinking for Dealing with Twenty-First Century Problems and Opportunities

This analysis extends creative design thinking to the macro-level, applying it to the enormous problems and opportunities generated by twenty-first century globalization. Today’s macroproblems and macro-opportunities require creative, interdisciplinary thinking, and collaboration to enable individuals and teams to address the dogmatism that hinders perception of the complexity embedded in complex issues. Suggestions are made for grappling with dogmatism. Examples of interdisciplinary projects aimed at large-scale creative design thinking are provided. Some barriers to creative interdisciplinary work are examined. Finally, the use of visual–metaphorical artistic design is explored as a strategy for simplifying and synthesizing complex ideas and strengthening interdisciplinary creative design thinking.
The Availability Doctrine: Development and Implications *

According to the classical theory of interest, which long served as a framework for the theory of money, prices, and income, the rate of interest is determined by the supply of and demand for savings. Monetary theorists, such as Wicksell, Fisher, Hawtrey, and Keynes, erected an imposing edifice on this foundation. Then came the Great Depression and disillusionment, the Second World War and the pegged market regime. At the same time, a growing ferment in the literature undermined the classical foundations. With regard to the savings function, agnosticism prevailed. As for investment demand, empirical studies and theoretical developments alike relegated the rate of interest to a minor role in entrepreneurial decision-making. In deference to considerations of debt management, open market operations were held in abeyance. Thus, little was to be expected of quantitative credit control as an instrument of public policy in the post-war period.
Functional tests of spermatozoa. Sperm penetration assay

Optimization of each step in the standard protocol of the sperm penetration assay has increased the sensitivity of the traditional assay, and this increased sensitivity has allowed us to avoid the production of false-positive results. Development and use of routine quality control methods now enable us to compare different samples from a given individual and monitor with confidence biological variation and response to medical or surgical treatment. Although our test is extremely predictive of how well a patient's specimen may do as a result of normal intercourse, artificial insemination, and human in-vitro fertilization, it must be stressed that the sperm penetration assay and the sperm capacitation index reported by our laboratory only measure the ability of a sperm to capacitate and fuse with zona-free hamster ovum. How well spermatozoa disperse the cumulus and bind to and penetrate the human zona pellucida is not measured by this test. This would be reflected by an apparent "false-positive" outcome in the sperm penetration assay. However, our data from 138 patients suggest that this occurs only on rare occasions (in 2 of the 138). The test can be used only as a supplement to a conventional semen analysis because other factors, such as motile concentration and motility characteristics, clearly are also of importance particularly in vivo. The results obtained by our laboratory using the optimized assay described herein demonstrate that this test can play an important role in the evaluation of an infertile man.
Big data hurdles in precision medicine and precision public health

Nowadays, trendy research in biomedical sciences juxtaposes the term ‘precision’ to medicine and public health with companion words like big data, data science, and deep learning. Technological advancements permit the collection and merging of large heterogeneous datasets from different sources, from genome sequences to social media posts or from electronic health records to wearables. Additionally, complex algorithms supported by high-performance computing allow one to transform these large datasets into knowledge. Despite such progress, many barriers still exist against achieving precision medicine and precision public health interventions for the benefit of the individual and the population. The present work focuses on analyzing both the technical and societal hurdles related to the development of prediction models of health risks, diagnoses and outcomes from integrated biomedical databases. Methodological challenges that need to be addressed include improving semantics of study designs: medical record data are inherently biased, and even the most advanced deep learning’s denoising autoencoders cannot overcome the bias if not handled a priori by design. Societal challenges to face include evaluation of ethically actionable risk factors at the individual and population level; for instance, usage of gender, race, or ethnicity as risk modifiers, not as biological variables, could be replaced by modifiable environmental proxies such as lifestyle and dietary habits, household income, or access to educational resources. Data science for precision medicine and public health warrants an informatics-oriented formalization of the study design and interoperability throughout all levels of the knowledge inference process, from the research semantics, to model development, and ultimately to implementation.
From Thermodynamics to Quantum Wires: A Review of Reflection High-Energy Electron Diffraction

The built-in staircase of steps on a vicinal surface has been used by Petroff and coworkers as a template for the growth of quantum wires. The limits of this technique depend upon the degree to which the steps are ordered before and during growth and on the extent of step meandering. Here we review those aspects of reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) that allow characterization of these staircase steps during growth by molecular beam epitaxy. First we describe Henzler’s methods of measuring the surface step distribution. We use Lagally’s criterion to give an operational measurement of the transfer width of a RHEED instrument. We show that in the direction of the incident beam, coherent diffraction over distances as large as 8000 A is detected. Simple one-dimensional models of terrace length disorder are considered to show the sensitivity of the measured pattern. The appropriate correlation functions of surface disorder are described. By directing the beam perpendicular and parallel to the staircase, we also examine the kink density. Differences that depend upon the two types of step termination possible on a zincblende structure are observed. Recent work of Bartelt and Einstein on scaling is described. The main difficulties are that to apply equilibrium arguments, sufficient temperature and flux stability is required to balance growth and sublimation. A second difficulty is that trace impurities can pin steps during growth.
Malware Classification using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

In recent years, deep convolution neural networks (DCNNs) have won many contests in machine learning, object detection, and pattern recognition. Furthermore, deep learning techniques achieved exceptional performance in image classification, reaching accuracy levels beyond human capability. Malware variants from similar categories often contain similarities due to code reuse. Converting malware samples into images can cause these patterns to manifest as image features, which can be exploited for DCNN classification. Techniques for converting malware binaries into images for visualization and classification have been reported in the literature, and while these methods do reach a high level of classification accuracy on training datasets, they tend to be vulnerable to overfitting and perform poorly on previously unseen samples. In this paper, we explore and document a variety of techniques for representing malware binaries as images with the goal of discovering a format best suited for deep learning. We implement a database for malware binaries from several families, stored in hexadecimal format. These malware samples are converted into images using various approaches and are used to train a neural network to recognize visual patterns in the input and classify malware based on the feature vectors. Each image type is assessed using a variety of learning models, such as transfer learning with existing DCNN architectures and feature extraction for support vector machine classifier training. Each technique is evaluated in terms of classification accuracy, result consistency, and time per trial. Our preliminary results indicate that improved image representation has the potential to enable more effective classification of new malware.
Chemical characterization of nanoparticles and volatiles present in mainstream hookah smoke

Waterpipe smoking is becoming more popular worldwide and there is a pressing need to better characterize the exposure of smokers to chemical compounds present in the mainstream smoke. We report real-time measurements of mainstream smoke for carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds and nanoparticle size distribution and chemical composition using a custom dilution flow tube. A conventional tobacco mixture, a dark leaf unwashed tobacco and a nicotine-free herbal tobacco were studied. Results show that carbon monoxide is present in the mainstream smoke and originates primarily from the charcoal used to heat the tobacco. Online measurements of volatile organic compounds in mainstream smoke showed an overwhelming contribution from glycerol. Gas phase analysis also showed that very little filtration of the gas phase products is provided by the percolation of mainstream smoke through water. Waterpipe smoking generated high concentrations of 4-100 nm nanoparticles, which were mainly composed of sugar derivatives and especially abundant in the first 10 min of the smoking session. These measured emissions of volatiles and particles are compared with those from a reference cigarette (3R4F) and represent the equivalent of the emission of one or more entire cigarettes for a single puff of hookah smoke. Considerations related to the health impacts of waterpipe smoking are discussed.
Abstract 014: Impact of Placental Ischemia on Hippocampal Asic2a and Glutamate Receptor Protein Expression in Mice

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy condition occurring in the 3rd trimester with phenotypes such as hypertension, proteinuria, and seizures (in eclampsia). Our lab previously showed that placental is...
Low-energy elastic electron scattering by acetylene

We report results from a combined experimental and computational study of low-energy electron interactions with acetaldehyde in the gas phase. Differential cross sections for elastic electron scattering were measured at selected incident energies from 1 to 50 eV, while corresponding first-principles calculations were carried out up to 30 eV. Integral and momentum-transfer cross sections were derived from the angle-differential data. The role of resonances in the scattering is examined and comparison is made to previous results for acetaldehyde and for its analogs, formamide and formic acid.
Individual Differences in Verb Bias Sensitivity in Children and Adults With Developmental Language Disorder

A number of experiments support the hypothetical utility of statistical information for language learning and processing among both children and adults. However, tasks in these studies are often very general, and only a few include populations with developmental language disorder (DLD). We wanted to determine whether a stronger relationship might be shown when the measure of statistical learning is chosen for its relevance to the language task when including a substantial number of participants with DLD. The language ability we measured was sensitivity to verb bias - the likelihood of a verb to appear with a certain argument or interpretation. A previous study showed adults with DLD were less sensitive to verb bias than their typical peers. Verb bias sensitivity had not yet been tested in children with DLD. In Study 1, 49 children, ages 7-9 years, 17 of whom were classified as having DLD, completed a task designed to measure sensitivity to verb bias through implicit and explicit measures. We found children with and without DLD showed sensitivity to verb bias in implicit but not explicit measures, with no differences between groups. In Study 2, we used a multiverse approach to investigate whether individual differences in statistical learning predicted verb bias sensitivity in these participants as well as in a dataset of adult participants. Our analysis revealed no evidence of a relationship between statistical learning and verb bias sensitivity in children, which was not unexpected given we found no group differences in Study 1. Statistical learning predicted sensitivity to verb bias as measured through explicit measures in adults, though results were not robust. These findings suggest that verb bias may still be relatively unstable in school age children, and thus may not play the same role in sentence processing in children as in adults. It would also seem that individuals with DLD may not be using the same mechanisms during processing as their typically developing (TD) peers in adulthood. Thus, statistical information may differ in relevance for language processing in individuals with and without DLD.
The Feeling is Real: Emotion Elicitation in Virtual Reality:

Classical methods for eliciting emotional responses, including the use of emotionally-charged pictures and films, have been used to study the influence of affective states on human decision-making ...
THE EFFECTS OF OPERATOR EXPERIENCE ON USE OF TRANSRADIAL ACCESS IN FEMALE PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION

Several studies have demonstrated that female sex is independently associated with a decrease use of transradial access (TRA) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of operator experience on the use of TRA in women
The Good, the God, and the Ugly: The Role of the Beloved Monster in the Ancient Near East and the Hebrew Bible:

Ancient Near Eastern texts teem with horrifying and grotesque beings that pose some significant threat to the cosmos, humanity, and its institutions. Adopting Noel Carroll’s definition, such beings...
"Business as Usual": Child Protective Services Workers' Perceptions and Experiences of and Responses to Client-Perpetrated Violence.

Client-perpetrated violence (CPV) against child protective services (CPS) workers is prevalent and problematic for workers and clients leading to psychological distress, physical injury, and compro...
“The Asian Century”: The Transformational Potential of Asian-Led Development Cooperation

Asia’s rise is having a profound impact on the policies and practices of development and South-South cooperation (SSC). This chapter describes the contours of these trends in relation to the sustainable development agenda. China and India are dominant players with their large-scale connectivity schemes, increasing multilateralism, and diversified partnerships. The author discusses the controversy, contestation, and opportunities these approaches generate. Finally, this chapter offers a set of recommendations for improving the effectiveness of Asian SSC to deliver the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Discursive psychology: A non-cognitivist approach to practices of knowing

This chapter focuses on two emerging themes in discursive psychology. The first is the practical use of psychological terms such as ‘know’ in ascriptions and avowals, and in particular their epistemic significance. The second is the way a psychological ‘state’ is displayed and responded to in talk and embodied conduct. The chapter shows how epistemic terms can operate as parts of particular practices, the way that parties may claim or display knowledge or understanding, and most importantly the way the epistemic practices operate for the parties themselves. Contemporary discursive psychology offers an approach to epistemic matters that is distinct from much of cognitive psychology and cognitive science, on the one hand, and from much critical discourse analysis, on the other. Discursive psychology was born in the early 1990s out of a broader discourse analytic approach to social psychology that was stimulated, in turn, by a critical engagement with work in the sociology of scientific knowledge, poststructuralism, conversation analysis and ethnomethodology.
The impact of sociocultural factors on prospective memory performance in HIV+ Latinx adults.

OBJECTIVE Prospective memory (PM), a salient component of neurocognitive functioning for people living with HIV (PLH), is necessary for planning and coordinating health-related behaviors and instrumental tasks of daily living. However, little is known regarding the impact of sociocultural factors on PM in diverse populations, particularly Latinx PLH. The aim of this study was to examine ethnic group differences and sociocultural factors related to PM. METHOD The sample of 127 PLH (91 Latinx and 36 non-Latinx white) completed measures of quality of education, socioeconomic status (SES), and a validated PM measure, the Memory for Intentions Screening Test (MIST). The Latinx group also completed a bicultural acculturation measure. RESULTS Results revealed the Latinx and the non-Latinx white groups did not significantly differ in overall MIST performance (all p > .05). In the entire sample, better quality of education was associated with better MIST performance (all p .10). CONCLUSIONS In sum, clinicians must take sociocultural factors into consideration when working with Latinx PLH, as these factors influence cognitive functions (i.e., PM) vital to health-related behaviors. Integrating culturally-informed psychoeducation into care plans is an imperative first step. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
hiPSC Modeling of Lineage-Specific Smooth Muscle Cell Defects Caused by TGFBR1A230T Variant, and Its Therapeutic Implications for Loeys-Dietz Syndrome.

Background: Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an inherited disorder predisposing individuals to thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. Currently, there are no medical treatments except surgical resec...
Bio-Optical Measurement and Modeling of the California Current and Southern Oceans

The SIMBIOS project's principal goals are to validate standard or experimental ocean color products through detailed bio-optical and biogeochemical measurements, and to combine Ocean optical observations with modeling to contribute to satellite vicarious radiometric calibration and algorithm development.
Agricultural diversification by crop introduction: The US experience with the soybean

Abstract Depressed prices for major US agricultural commodities have generated interest in new crops to give farmers more flexibility in responding to market changes. Because crop introductions have been uncommon in the past several decades, there is little experience to draw upon regarding how to achieve farmer acceptance and how to establish economically attractive markets. The soybean, which became a major commercial crop within two decades of its introduction in the 1920s, is an outstanding example of the successful establishment of an unfamiliar crop, and suggests insights which might assist future attempts to diversify the agricultural system.
Inducing Reliable Reporting

SEC Chairman Arthur Levitt recently called on investors to discourage firms' earnings management by expecting reliable reporting and punishing deceptive reporters (Levitt 1998a, 1999). This paper presents a game-theoretic model in which such punishments can induce managers to develop reputations for reliable reporting. Our first experiment confirms that investors can induce managers to report reliably when one investor visibly commits to a strategy of expecting reliable reporting and punishing reporters who fail to meet that expectation. However, our second experiment shows that reliable reporting is much more difficult to sustain without such a visibly committed investor. These results suggest that managers and investors may have difficulty avoiding the pareto-dominated equilibrium in which managers exploit all of the discretion permitted by GAAP.
Serum levels of vitamins A, C, and E in persons with chronic spinal cord injury living in the community.

Abstract Moussavi RM, Garza HM, Eisele SG, Rodriguez G, Rintala DH. Serum levels of vitamins A, C, and E in persons with chronic spinal cord injury living in the community. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003;84:1061-7. Objectives: To determine serum levels of vitamins A, C, and E among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) living in the community, to compare these levels with general population norms, and to assess their association with demographic and injury-related data (age at onset, time since onset, level and completeness of injury), function, nutritional behaviors, and health status. Design: Descriptive and correlational. Setting: General community. Participants: A total of 110 adults (≥18y) with traumatic SCI of at least 2 years in duration living within a 13-county area in Texas. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Demographic information, age at onset, time since onset, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) total motor index score, ASIA impairment score, assay of serum vitamins, FIM™ instrument motor items, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile nutrition subscale, Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey general health subscale, and pressure ulcer occurrence in past 12 months. Results: Many (16%–37%) of the participants had serum levels below the reference range for each vitamin. Being older at onset or less impaired was associated with higher serum vitamin A levels. Higher levels of serum vitamin A also were related to better function and health status and with not having a pressure ulcer within the past 12 months. Being older or older at onset was associated with higher serum levels of vitamin E. No relationships with vitamin C were found. Conclusions: Vitamin levels may be related to function, general health, and pressure ulcer incidence in persons with SCI. Further study is needed to determine effective interventions to improve vitamin levels and determine the effect of such improvements on overall health and rehabilitation outcomes.
A Data Model for Distributed Multiresolution Multisource Scientific Data

Modern dataset sizes present major obstacles to understanding and interpreting the significant underlying phenomena represented in the data. There is a critical need to support scientists in the process of interactive exploration of these very large data sets. Using multiple resolutions of the data set (multiresolution), the scientist can identify potentially interesting regions with a coarse overview, followed by narrower views at higher resolutions.
Development of a space suit soft upper torso mobility/sizing actuation system

ILC Dover Inc. was awarded a three-year NRA grant for the development of innovative spacesuit pressure garment technology that will enable safer, more reliable, and effective manned exploration of the space frontier. Figure 1: Spacesuit Hammering Motion (NASA Artist Concept) The research is focusing on the development of a high performance mobility/sizing actuation system. This technology has application in two areas (1) a spacesuit soft upper torso (SUT) pressure garment for joint interface geometry repositioning to improve specific joint motion, hammering (Figure 1) vs. hand over hand translation (Figure 2), etc., and (2) as a suit sizing mechanism to allow easier suit entry and more accurate suit fit with few torso sizes than the existing EMU. This advanced soft upper torso will support NASA's Advanced EMU Evolutionary Concept of a two-size fit all upper torso for replacement of the current EMU hard upper torso (HUT). A diagram of the proposed project plan is shown in Figure 3. The research began with a system requirement analysis to identify and categorize actuation system requirements for a multitude of applications (International Space Station, Mars, etc.). An actuation study has also been conducted to identify potential actuators that provide acceptable force and response times, and have limited power requirements. Methods for force multiplication will be researched for application to improve actuation range of motion with reduced power consumption. The actuators will be used to position the SUT shoulder joint interface angles in a designated location and remain Figure 2: Spacesuit Hand Over Hand there until task completion. The joint interface will then be held in this position until it is again activated. The control mechanism will also be modeled and developed. Attention will be given to developing a fail-safe design that provides redundant function in the event of a loss of power or function. The SUT development will include the creation of an algorithm for the conversion of scan or manual human anthropometric data into optimal SUT shape including optimal interface ring positions. The SUT will incorporate the mobility/sizing actuation technology in the form of a system of rapidly sizable structural tendons and softgoods that govern interface angles and allow for compact packaging of the upper torso.
Samenmorphologie, zervikales Milieu, Zeitpunkt der Insemination und Geschlechtsverhältnisse

Zusammenfassung Da wesentlich mehr mannliche Nachkommen empfangen werden und da kleinere rundkopfige Spermatozoen vorherrschen im Gegensatz zu groseren Spermatozoen mit langlichen Kopfen wird angenommen, das eine genetische Beziehung besteht zwischen der Morphologie des Kopfes der mannnlichen Samenzellen und den Geschlechtsverhaltnissen und das das Verhaltnis von mannlichen zu weiblichen Nachkommen bei der Konzeption das Ergebnis von Unterschieden in Zahl, Morphologie, Lebensfahigkeit und Beweglichkeit der beiden Samenzelltypen ist wie auch von Unterschieden in den physikalischen und chemischen Charakteristika der weiblichen Fortpflanzungssekrete im Verhaltnis zum Zeitpunkt der Konzeption. Durch Beurteilung des zervikalen Milieus und zeitliche Regelung des Koitus ist es moglich, das Geschlecht des Kindes bei der Befruchtung zu beeinflussen. Das darin enthaltene Prinzip beruht auf den besonderen Eigenschaften der X- und Y-Spermatozoen. Das Y-Spermatozoon hat einen kleineren Kopf und einen langeren Schwanz, bewegt sich viel schneller und wird in groserer Zahl produziert als das langsamere, in geringerer Zahl vorhandene X-Spermatozoon, das einen kurzen Schwanz hat. Wenn das physikalische oder chemische Milieu der Zervix ungunstig ist oder wenn das Ei nicht unmittelbar verfugbar ist, wird das Y-Spermatozoon absterben und das starkere, langsamere X-Spermatozoon wird wahrscheinlich das Ei befruchten. Mit anderen Worten: je gunstiger die Bedingungen fur die Konzeption, desto groser sind die Chancen fur mannliche Nachkommen, je schwieriger die Bedingungen, desto groser ist die Haufigkeit von weiblichen Nachkommen. Frische Eizellen und frische Spermatozoen nahe dem Ovulations-zeitpunkt steigern die Moglichkeit fur mannliche Nachkommen, wahrend bei frischen Eizellen und alteren Spermatozoen die Wahrscheinlichkeit fur weibliche Nachkommen zunimmt.
Psychotherapy Integration: Contributions from Lifestyle Theory

The lifestyle theory of intervention is evaluated with respect to its status as an integrated psychotherapy using theoretical integration, technical eclecticism, and the common factors approach as criteria. Because lifestyle theory integrates concepts from evolutionary biology, existential philosophy, cognitive psychology, social learning theory, and various therapeutic models it satisfies preliminary criteria for theoretical integration. To the extent that it provides an internally consistent model and makes use of techniques from disparate schools of psychotherapy, it adopts a technical eclectic approach to intervention. The lifestyle model also appears to qualify as an integrated psychotherapy by virtue of its attention to several “common” factors in psychotherapy.
General Structural Principles II

The previous chapters developed the analysis of particular structural systems by the consistent use of the twin concepts of compatibility and equilibrium. In each case, we derived a set of governing differential equations, integrated them, and then determined the constants of integration by satisfying the appropriate boundary and compatibility conditions. This approach will work in every case, but as a practical tool it suffers from a number of drawbacks. Primary among these is that the solution can become very cumbersome when more than one integration region is involved. It may also happen that the governing differential equations cannot be integrated in a closed form. When approximations are used the differential equations are not in a suitable form for direct manipulation. For example, we obtained the approximate geometric matrix in Chapter 5 by first obtaining its exact form, and then using a Taylor series expansion to obtain the linearized version. But if the cross-sectional area varies, for example, this approach is not feasible at all; it would be much more convenient if we could go directly to the approximate solution.
Structural and functional analyses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wild-type and mutant RNA1 genes.

Abstract The yeast gene RNA1 has been defined by the thermosensitive rna1-1 lesion. This lesion interferes with the processing and production of all major classes of RNA. Each class of RNA is affected at a distinct and presumably unrelated step. Furthermore, RNA does not appear to exit the nucleus. To investigate how the RNA1 gene product can pleiotropically affect disparate processes, we undertook a structural analysis of wild-type and mutant RNA1 genes. The wild-type gene was found to contain a 407-amino-acid open reading frame that encodes a hydrophilic protein. No clue regarding the function of the RNA1 protein was obtained by searching banks for similarity to other known gene products. Surprisingly, the rna1-1 lesion was found to code for two amino acid differences from wild type. We found that neither single-amino-acid change alone resulted in temperature sensitivity. The carboxy-terminal region of the RNA1 open reading frame contains a highly acidic domain extending from amino acids 334 to 400. We generated genomic deletions that removed C-terminal regions of this protein. Deletion of amino acids 397 to 407 did not appear to affect cell growth. Removal of amino acids 359 to 397, a region containing 24 acidic residues, caused temperature-sensitive growth. This allele, rna1-delta 359-397, defines a second conditional lesion of the RNA1 locus. We found that strains possessing the rna1-delta 359-397 allele did not show thermosensitive defects in pre-rRNA or pre-tRNA processing. Removal of amino acids 330 to 407 resulted in loss of viability.
Antidiscrimination law and social equality

Many and perhaps most Americans readily endorse the following propositions: (1) Part of what defines a free society is that it is none of the government's business what citizens believe and that the shaping of citizens' beliefs is not a legitimate task of a liberal state. (2) Racism, sexism, and similar ideologies are so evil and destructive of the proper workings of a free society that the state should do whatever it can to eradicate them.
Does physical therapy prevent post-operative delay in return of function following tension-band plating?

Abstract Purpose The clinical outcomes and complications of tension-band plating have been well documented, and commonly include a post-operative delay in return of function. We performed a retrospective comparison study to evaluate the capacity of immediate post-operative physical therapy to prevent this post-operative delay in return of function. Methods Sixty-seven consecutive growth-deformity patients who were treated with tension-band plating at a single institution fulfilled the study criteria. Patients were allocated into two treatment groups: no post-operative physical therapy and immediately post-operative physical therapy. All patients were evaluated for delayed return of function, which was defined as use of crutches, lack of >90° flexion and full extension of the knee, or persistent pain requiring medication at the initial 2-week follow-up visit. Rates of delayed function were compared between the two treatment groups. Results Among the study participants, 48 patients had no physical therapy a...
A qualitative assessment of provider perspectives on smoking cessation counselling

Rationale, aims and objectives Few studies have examined doctors' views about counselling unmotivated smokers. This study explored doctors' perceptions of useful strategies to motivate patients to quit, how receptive they felt patients were to these strategies, and the benefits and drawbacks of discussing smoking cessation with patients. Methods Fourteen semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with doctors and resident doctors. Results Strategies reported by providers included: educating about the health risks of smoking, using ‘scare tactics’ to highlight the harmful effects and providing advice about how to quit. Providers believed that most patients were receptive to their strategies, but noted that they lacked feedback to know for sure. Providers saw the possibility of improving patients' health and decreasing overall health care costs as potential benefits, but cited the potential to damage rapport, competing priorities during already rushed visits and uncertainty about the effectiveness of their efforts as drawbacks that reduced their motivation to raise the issue with patients. Conclusions Doctors believe in the potential benefits of smoking cessation counselling but predominantly report focusing on enhancing patient's risk perceptions. They did not report attempting to use the wider array of recommended and empirically supported methods to counsel their patients. Providing doctors with increased training in motivational counselling and feedback about the efficacy their efforts or supplementing doctor care with behaviour change specialists would likely increase the benefits of counselling to patients.