cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tailoring molybdenum nanostructure evolution by low-energy He+ ion irradiation

Abstract Mirror-finished polished molybdenum (Mo) samples were irradiated with 100 eV He + ions as a function of ion fluence (using a constant flux of 7.2 × 10 20 ions m −2 s −1 ) at normal incidence and at 923 K. Mo surface deterioration and nanoscopic fiber-form filament (“Mo fuzz”) growth evolution were monitored by using field emission (FE) scanning electron (SEM) and atomic force (AFM) microscopy studies. Those studies confirm a reasonably clean and flat surface, up to several micrometer scales along with a few mechanical-polishing-induced scratches. However, He + ion irradiation deteriorates the surface significantly even at 2.1 × 10 23 ions m −2 fluence (about 5 min. irradiation time) and leads to evolution of homogeneously populated ∼75-nm-long Mo nanograins having ∼8 nm intergrain width. The primary stages of Mo fuzz growth, i.e., elongated half-cylindrical ∼70 nm nanoplatelets, and encapsulated bubbles of 20–45 nm in diameter and preferably within the grain boundaries of sub-micron-sized grains, were observed after 1.3 × 10 24 ions m −2 fluence irradiation. Additionally, a sequential enhancement in the sharpness, density, and protrusions of Mo fuzz at the surface with ion fluence was also observed. Fluence- and flux-dependent studies have also been performed at 1223 K target temperature (beyond the temperature window for Mo fuzz formation). At a constant fluence of 2.6 × 10 24 ions m −2 , 7.2 × 10 20 ions m −2 s −1 flux generates a homogeneous layered and stacked nanodiscs of ∼70 nm diameter. On the other hand, 1.2 × 10 21 ions m −2 s −1 flux generates a combination of randomly patched netlike nanomatrix networked structure, mostly with ∼105 nm nanostructure wall width, various-shaped pores, and self-organized nano arrays. While the observed netlike nanomatrix network structures for 8.6 × 10 24 ions m −2 fluence (at a constant flux of 1.2 × 10 21 ions m −2 s −1 ) is quite similar to those for 2.6 × 10 24 ions m −2 fluence, the nanostructure wall width extends up to ∼45 nm more and has a quite different nanostructured surface. Ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies show a sequential reduction in at.% of Mo 3d doublets with fluence, leading to the complete depletion of 2.6 × 10 24 ions m −2 at 973 K. For 2.6 × 10 24 ions m −2 fluence irradiation at 973 K, only MoO 3 3d doublets were observed. However, the Mo 3d doublets reappear at 1273 K irradiation, where a variety of nanostructures were observed with relatively much lower density than that of Mo fuzz. As in the microscopy studies, the reflectivity measurements also show a sequential reduction with ion fluence, leading to almost zero reflectivity value for fully grown fuzzy structures. The study is significant in the understanding of fuzz formation on high-Z refractory metals for fusion applications; in addition, the observed MoO 3 fuzz has potential application in solar power concentration technology and in water splitting for hydrogen production.
The School of Public Safety at Valencia College: visioning and implementation of a college-wide distributive and collaborative program model for the central Florida community

AbstractThe central Florida region, faced with record tourism, a large service population, and significant population growth over the next few decades, must rely on a community-based institution of higher education with lifelong learning offerings, a local community college, to create world class public safety education and training for the region. Furthermore, the literature indicated public safety organizations served by community colleges operate in an open-rational system, while colleges operate in a natural system—and there is no current literature to explain this phenomenon. To establish a new School of Public Safety within these contrasting systems, Valencia College and the central Florida public safety community utilized a collaborative, creative problem solving model with a divergent and convergent thinking strategy to develop the school. It is a school with an on-going intentional public safety service integration training and education philosophy with distributed, isomorphic college-wide public...
Missing the Revolution! Negotiating Disclosure on the Pre-Macassans (Bayini) in North-East Arnhem Land

By their own admission, members of Charles Mountford’s 1948 American–Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land were motivated by a search for the primitive. It is no surprise, then, that the published records show a singular lack of awareness of the sorts of debate raging within Aboriginal circles at that time. For example, so-called missionised Yolngu (as the Aboriginal people of North-East Arnhem Land are known) were engaged in a major discussion about whether Christianity was an expression of the Dreaming and thus culturally mandated or whether God gave Yolngu the Dreaming as some missionaries insisted. While the Expedition’s point of entry into Aboriginal Australia was through the Christian missions, their focus was salvage anthropology, so it is not clear whether Expedition leader, Charles Mountford, was aware of or interested in this discourse taking place at the highest levels in Yolngu society. In this chapter, I examine what was lost and what was gained by taking such a tack and not addressing the very real issues at play in Yolngu lives. To highlight this disconnect, I examine Yolngu disclosure relating to ethnographic material ‘hunted and gathered’ by Expedition members in North-East Arnhem Land pertaining to a curious, then-unidentified (and supposed) group of Asian seafarers known as the Bayini (or Baiini): the pre-Macassans. I then review the changing nature of this disclosure over time for the light it throws on the changing nature of relations between Yolngu and Balanda (non-Aborigines) — a subject that was not considered an Expedition research priority.
Development and validation of a direct real-time PCR assay for Mycobacterium bovis and implementation into the United States national surveillance program

Abattoir surveillance for bovine tuberculosis, which consists of identifying and submitting granulomas for histopathology and mycobacterial culture was the primary means for detecting new cases in the United States. Mycobacterial culture is expensive, labor intensive and identifies cases weeks after slaughter, hampering trace back efforts. To address this inefficiency, the United States Department of Agriculture replaced culture with real-time PCR for screening granulomas. The objectives of this paper were to describe the development and validation of this PCR as well as the performance of the assay during the first year of implementation. Using archived culture and histologically positive tissue, the sensitivity was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.99) for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex primer-probe set and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.95) for the Mycobacterium bovis specific primer-probe set. Specificity, estimated during by side by side testing was 0.998 (95% CI: 0.994, 1.000). After implementation, 6124 samples over 54 weeks were tested and all 36 histopathology positive samples were detected including 2 additional cases initially misclassified by histopathology. It appeared that specificity may have declined during post validation testing with 47/6086 signaling positive but not confirmed by either histopathology or culture. While PCR implementation has significantly improved the efficiency of the US slaughter surveillance program, careful attention must be paid to prevent and address cross contamination in the laboratory.
Orthostatic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Syndrome

Objective: Orthostatic dizziness without orthostatic hypotension is common but underlying pathophysiology is poorly understood. This study describes orthostatic cerebral hypoperfusion syndrome (OCHOS). OCHOS is defined by: 1) Abnormal orthostatic drop of cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) during the tilt test; and 2) Absence of orthostatic hypotension, arrhythmia, vascular abnormalities, or other causes of abnormal orthostatic CBFv. Methods: This retrospective study included patients referred for evaluation of unexplained orthostatic dizziness. Patients underwent standardized autonomic testing including 10 minutes of tilt test. The following signals were monitored: heart rate, end tidal CO2, blood pressure and CBFv from the middle cerebral artery using transcranial Doppler. Patients were screened for OCHOS. Patients which fulfilled the OCHOS criteria were compared to age and gender matched controls. Results: From 1279 screened patients, 102 patients (60/42 women/men, age 51.1±14.9, range 19-84 years) fulfilled criteria of OCHOS. There was no difference in baseline supine hemodynamic variables between OCHOS and the control group. During the tilt, mean CBFv decreased 24.1±8.2% in OCHOS versus 4.2±5.6% in controls (p<0.0001) without orthostatic hypotension in both groups. Supine mean blood pressure (OCHOS/controls, 90.5±10.6/91.1±9.4 mmHg, p=0.62) remained unchanged during the tilt (90.4±9.7/92.1±9.6 mmHg, p=0.2). End tidal CO2 and heart rate responses to the tilt were normal and equal in both groups. Conclusion: OCHOS is a novel syndrome of low orthostatic CBFv. Two main pathophysiological mechanisms are proposed including active cerebral vasoconstriction and passive increase of peripheral venous compliance. OCHOS may be a common cause of orthostatic dizziness.
Keyed Joint Performance under Heavy Loaded Aircraft

The poor performance of keyed longitudinal construction joints in rigid airfield pavements under simulated C-5A traffic operations is presented. The data presented were collected from a full scale test track pavement supported on a low strength subgrade. No deficiencies in materials or construction were found which would have adversely affected the performance of the keyed joint. The failures observed in the keyed joint demonstrate that a balanced design will result using the Corps of Engineers keyed joint dimensions.
A comparative observational study of inpatient clinical note-entry and reading/retrieval styles adopted by physicians

Abstract Objective The objective of this study is to understand physicians’ usage of inpatient notes by (i) ascertaining different clinical note-entry and reading/retrieval styles in two different and widely used Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems, (ii) extrapolating potential factors leading to adoption of various note-entry and reading/retrieval styles and (iii) determining the amount of time to task associated with documenting different types of clinical notes. Methods In order to answer “what” and “why” questions on physicians’ adoption of certain-note-entry and reading/retrieval styles, an ethnographic study entailing Internal Medicine residents, with a mixed data analysis approach was performed. Participants were observed interacting with two different EHR systems in inpatient settings. Data was collected around the use and creation of History and Physical (H&P) notes, progress notes and discharge summaries. Results The highest variability in template styles was observed with progress notes and the least variability was within discharge summaries, while note-writing styles were most consistent for H&P notes. The first sections to be read in a H&P and progress note were the Chief Complaint and Assessment & Plan sections, respectively. The greatest note retrieval variability, with respect to the order of how note sections were reviewed, was observed with H&P and progress notes. Physician preference for adopting a certain reading/retrieval order appeared to be a function of what best fits their workflow while fulfilling the stimulus demands. The time spent entering H&P, discharge summaries and progress notes were similar in both EHRs. Conclusion This research study unveils existing variability in clinical documentation processes and provides us with important information that could help in designing a next generation EHR Graphical User Interface (GUI) that is more congruent with physicians’ mental models, task performance needs, and workflow requirements.
Updating the biological weapons ban

In September 1986, 67 nations, meeting in Geneva to try to correct shortcomings in the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention, made some progress in the areas of increasing openness and establishing forums for complaint resolution.
Blocking (pairing by ranks within groups) is statistically correct.

(1977). Blocking (Pairing by Ranks within Groups) Is Statistically Correct. Research Quarterly. American Alliance for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 221-221.
Synthetic studies of pseurotin A: preparation of an advanced lactam aldehyde intermediate

An efficient synthesis of the lactam core of pseurotin A has been accomplished. Key features of this synthesis include a tandem oxidation–cyclization to form the lactam from an acetylenic amide precursor. Although coupling of a lactam aldehyde with an appropriate side chain was not effective, it is anticipated that incorporating a partial side chain at an earlier stage should permit completion of the total synthesis of pseurotin A.
Opponent surrounds explain diversity of contextual phenomena across visual modalities

Context is known to affect how a stimulus is perceived. A variety of illusions have been attributed to contextual processing -- from orientation tilt effects to chromatic induction phenomena, but their neural underpinnings remain poorly understood. Here, we present a recurrent network model of classical and extra-classical receptive fields that is constrained by the anatomy and physiology of the visual cortex. A key feature of the model is the postulated existence of two spatially disjoint near- vs. far- extra-classical regions with complementary facilitatory and suppressive contributions to the classical receptive field. The model accounts for a variety of contextual illusions, reveals commonalities between seemingly disparate phenomena, and helps organize them into a novel taxonomy. It explains how center-surround interactions may shift from attraction to repulsion in tilt effects, and from contrast to assimilation in induction phenomena. The model further explains enhanced perceptual shifts generated by a class of patterned background stimuli that activate the two opponent extra-classical regions cooperatively. Overall, the ability of the model to account for the variety and complexity of contextual illusions provides computational evidence for a novel canonical circuit that is shared across visual modalities.
Is Change in Albuminuria a Surrogate Marker for Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes

In 1963, Keen and Chlouverakis published a new immunoassay that detected urine albumin at low concentrations and subsequently showed that urine (micro)albumin was elevated in patients with diabetes after a glucose load ([1][1]). In the early 1980s, several small longitudinal observational studies
‘Keine Neue Gestapo’: Das Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz und die NS-Vergangenheit [‘No New Gestapo’: the federal agency for the protection of the constitution and the NS-past], Constantin Goschler and Michael Wala, Reinbek, Rowohlt, 2015, 464 pp., €29.95 (hardback), ISBN: 978-3-498-02438-3

‘Keine Neue Gestapo’ is the first systematic history of the origins and early years of West Germany’s domestic security service, the Bundesamt fur Verfassungsschutz (Federal Agency for the Protecti...
Effects of Daily Physical Activity Level on Manual Wheelchair Propulsion Technique in Full-Time Manual Wheelchair Users During Steady-State Treadmill Propulsion

Abstract Objective To examine whether differences in propulsion technique as a function of intraindividual variability occur as a result of shoulder pain and physical activity (PA) level in full-time manual wheelchair users (MWUs). Design Observational study. Setting Research laboratory. Participants Adults (N=14) with spinal cord injury (mean age: 30.64±11.08) who used a wheelchair for >80% of daily ambulation and were free of any condition that could be worsened by PA. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures PA level was measured using the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities (PASIPD), and shoulder pain was measured using the Wheelchair User's Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI) survey. Mean and intraindividual variability propulsion metrics were measured for propulsion analysis. Results WUSPI scores indicated participants experienced low levels of shoulder pain. The results of the Spearman rank-order correlation revealed that PASIPD scores were significantly related to mean contact angle ( r s =−.57) and stroke frequency ( r s =.60) as well as to coefficient of variation of peak force ( r s =.63), peak torque ( r s =.59), contact angle ( r s =.73), and stroke frequency ( r s =.60). WUSPI scores were significantly correlated with only mean peak force ( P =.02). No significant correlations were observed between PASIPD, WUSPI, and body mass index scores. Conclusions Differences in propulsion technique were observed on the basis of PA levels. Participants with higher PASIPD scores used a more injurious stroke technique when propelling at higher speeds. This may indicate that active individuals who use injurious stroke mechanics may be at higher risk of injury. A strong relation was found between peak propulsion forces and shoulder pain. Rehabilitation professionals should emphasize the use of a protective stroke technique in both inactive and active MWUs during exercise and faster propulsion.
Abstract IA04: Game theory and personalized cancer treatment

The presence of driver mutations and subsequent clonal expansion by Darwinian evolution does not explain dormancy and re-emergence of cancer from a community of cancer and host cells (including stromal and immune cells). Dormancy appears to be a slow-driven, interaction-dominated, threshold system which is poorly prognosed. At the simplest level, we view cancer cells interacting with host cells via complex, non-linear population dynamics, which can lead to very non-intuitive but perhaps deterministic and understandable progression dynamics of cancer. We explore here the dynamics of host-cancer cell populations in the presence of (1) payoffs gradients and (2) perturbation due to cell migration to determine to what extent the time-dependence of the populations can be quantitatively understood in spite of the underlying complexity of the individual agents. The population dynamics presented here provide a model system for the clinic to map the payoffs matrices and suggest new avenues to predict drug dosages. Citation Format: Robert H. Austin. Game theory and personalized cancer treatment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Engineering and Physical Sciences in Oncology; 2016 Jun 25-28; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA04.
Fas expression in osteosarcoma lung metastasis is correlated with chemotherapy prior to surgery

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 4719 Osteosarcoma (OS), a malignant bone tumor in children, metastasizes almost exclusively to the lung. Therapeutic options for patients with lung metastases are limited. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the metastatic spread of OS in the lung is critical for the identification of new therapeutic approaches. Our previous investigations have shown that the Fas/FasL pathway plays an important role in the metastatic potential of OS cells. FasL is constitutively expressed in the pulmonary tissue. Thus, Fas+ cells appearing in the lung should be eliminated by engagement of FasL expressed on the surface of pneumocytes. Those tumor cells that do not express Fas can escape this internal defense mechanism. Using three different mouse model systems we have shown that OS lung metastases are Fas-. The purpose of this study was to determine the status of Fas expression in OS lung metastases from patients. Archived paraffin-embedded lung metastasis specimens from 38 OS patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Patients were diagnosed initially with OS between January 1990 and December 2001, received multi-agent chemotherapy (most frequently consisting of cisplatin, doxorubicin, high-dose methotrexate, and ifosfamide) and subsequently developed metastatic disease. Lung nodules from 23 of 38 (60%) patients were Fas-, those from 13 patients (34%) were weakly positive for Fas expression. The nodules from the remaining 2 patients were unable to be interpreted because of extensive necrosis. Eight patients had chemotherapy prior to metastatic tumor resection. Six of these 8 patients were among the weakly positive Fas group. There was a significant correlation between Fas expression and preoperative chemotherapy (p=0.0157). These data support our prior findings that Fas expression correlates inversely with metastatic potential. Similar to what we have observed in our mouse models, pulmonary metastases from OS patients were Fas-. Interestingly, the majority of patients that showed weakly positive Fas expression had received chemotherapy prior to lung resection. Indeed, cisplatin, etoposide, doxorubicin, and ifosfamide have all been shown to upregulate Fas expression in other tumor systems. Drug sensitivity has been shown to correlate with an intact Fas pathway. We, therefore, conclude that the ability of OS cells to metastasize to the lung (an organ that constitutively expresses FasL) may be linked to cell surface Fas. One mechanism by which chemotherapy may induce regression is through the upregulation of Fas.
Harmonic Analysis Methods for Function Spaces, Differential Equations and Data Science

The objective of this chapter is to present an overview of all the core chapters in Parts II–V of the second volume and to emphasize their relations to the main theme of the volume.
Robotic solutions to facilitate studying human motor control

Studying human motor control requires innovative engineering solutions including robots. For example, the motor control task(s) must be reliable before using system identification (SYSID) tools to estimate any motor control descriptors, e.g. neurophysiological parameters. Robots can improve the experiment reliability in contrast to passive devices, e.g. seated balance on a hemisphere. First, we present some novel physical human-robot interaction (pHRI) tasks in the biomechanics field. Then, we show how one pHRI can achieve excellent reliability measures. Moreover, robots can allow the use a wide variety of input/perturbation signals that may be designed specifically for better SYSID results, such as better estimation error variance. With standard signals, however, further analysis is required to improve the SYSID outcomes. Therefore, we devised an analysis method based on Fisher information to reduce the estimation error variance.
Individual Differences: Intelligence, Personality, and Social Behavior

Chapter 11 discussed the development of behavior through childhood. By the time a person enters primary school, there are obvious similarities in how she or he behaves under particular circumstances. Each of us also behaves in ways both similar to and different from other individuals. Any attempt to understand behavior must account for these similarities and differences. Psychologists are referring to these behavioral similarities and differences when they use terms such as intelligence, personality, and social behavior. For example, when we say that someone has an aggressive personality, we are saying that under certain circumstances this person will predictably behave aggressively. Other individuals, however, may or may not behave aggressively under those same circumstances. The topics of intelligence, personality, and social behavior have long interested psychologists, and we consider them in this chapter, including how scientific psychology would approach the same topics.
Midlife Systemic Inflammation, Late-Life White Matter Integrity, and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Background and Purpose— It is currently unclear whether midlife systemic inflammation promotes the development of white matter (WM) abnormalities and small vessel disease in the elderly. We examined the association of midlife systemic inflammation with late-life WM hyperintensity volume, deep and periventricular WM microstructural integrity (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity [MD]), cerebral infarcts, and microbleeds in a biracial prospective cohort study. Methods— Linear and logistic regression examined the relation between midlife high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP)—a nonspecific marker of inflammation—and brain magnetic resonance imaging markers assessed 21 years later in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Results— We included 1485 participants (baseline age, 56[5]; 28% black). After adjusting for demographic factors and cardiovascular disease, each SD increase in midlife CRP was associated with lower fractional anisotropy (−0.09 SD; 95% confidence interval, −0.15 to −0.02) and greater MD (0.08 SD; 95% confidence interval, 0.03–0.15) in deep WM and lower fractional anisotropy (−0.07 SD; 95% confidence interval, −0.13 to 0.00) in periventricular WM. We found stronger associations between CRP and periventricular WM microstructural integrity among black participants ( P interaction=0.011). Although an association between higher CRP levels and greater WM hyperintensity volume was found only among APOE e4-positive participants in our primary analysis (0.14 SD; 95% confidence interval, 0.01–0.26; P interaction=0.028), this relationship extended to the entire sample after accounting for differential attrition. Midlife CRP was not associated with the presence of cerebral infarcts or microbleeds in late life. Conclusions— Our findings support the hypothesis that midlife systemic inflammation may promote the development of chronic microangiopathic structural WM abnormalities in the elderly.
Map reduce fuzzy ternary particle swarm optimization for feature selection

Feature selection is the utmost requirement to deal with high dimensional datasets. In this paper novel fuzzy ternary PSO (FTPSO) method has been proposed. The analysis of proposed algorithm shows ...
A Practice Innovations Decision Model.

Objective:The purpose of this commentary is to propose a flexible practice innovations decision model (PIDM) for use in health services planning and management.Method:This is an example of fuzzy de...
Reconciling Supply and Demand for State and Local Public Health Staff in an Era of Retiring Baby Boomers

Introduction The purpose of this study is to reconcile public health workforce supply and demand data to understand whether the expected influx of public health graduates can meet turnover events. Methods Four large public health workforce data sources were analyzed to establish measures of workforce demand, voluntary separations, and workforce employees likely to retire at state and local health departments. Data were collected in 2014–2016 and analyzed in 2016 and 2017. Potential workforce supply (i.e., candidates with formal public health training) was assessed by analyzing data on public health graduates. Supply and demand data were reconciled to identify potential gaps in the public health workforce. Results At the state and local level, ≅197,000 staff are employed in health departments. This is down more than 50,000 from 2008. In total, ≥65,000 staff will leave their organizations during fiscal years 2016–2020, with ≤100,000 staff leaving if all planned retirements occur by 2020. During 2000–2015, more than 223,000 people received a formal public health degree at some level. More than 25,000 students will receive a public health degree at some level in each year through 2020. Conclusions Demands for public health staff could possibly be met by the influx of graduates from schools and programs of public health. However, substantial implications exist for transferal of institutional knowledge and ability to recruit and retain the best staff to sufficiently meet demand.
Physical properties of GdFe 2 (Al x Zn 1 − x ) 20

The high ferromagnetic ordering temperature of the dilute, rare-earth-bearing, intermetallic compound ${\mathrm{GdFe}}_{2}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{20}$ has been understood as being the consequence of the Gd${}^{3+}$ moment being embedded in a nearly ferromagnetic Fermi liquid. To test this understanding in detail, single crystals of the pseudoternary series ${\mathrm{GdFe}}_{2}({\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{)}_{20}$ ($x\ensuremath{\leqslant}0.122$) and ${\mathrm{YFe}}_{2}({\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{)}_{20}$ ($x\ensuremath{\leqslant}0.121$) were grown out of Zn-rich solution. Magnetization, heat capacity, and resistivity measurements show that, with Al doping, the ferromagnetic phase transition temperatures of the ${\mathrm{GdFe}}_{2}({\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{)}_{20}$ compounds decrease from 86 K ($x=$ 0) to 10 K ($x=$ 0.122); for the nonmagnetic analog, the ${\mathrm{YFe}}_{2}({\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{)}_{20}$ series, the Stoner enhancement factor $Z$ decreases from 0.88 ($x=$ 0) to 0.35 ($x=$ 0.121) in a similar manner. Tight-binding linear-muffin-tin orbital atomic-sphere approximation band structure calculations are used to rationalize this trend. These results, together with the earlier studies of the $R({\mathrm{Fe}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{x}{)}_{2}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{20}$ ($R=$ Gd and Y) series, clearly highlight the importance of band filling and the applicability of even a simple, rigid-band model to these compounds.
A Biometric’s Individuality

There has been much interest in the individuality of some of the biometric identifiers. Loosely speaking, individuality has to do with comparing a biometric with a password [179]; it is related to how easy it is randomly to “guess” a biometric machine representation, given current sensing and matching capabilities. Reasons for the interest in individuality include the many recent challenges to fingerprint, signature, and writer authentication expert testimony in the courts of law. As well as the published empirical studies on the relatively new iris biometric (Section 14.2).
Effect of high vacuum and aspiration on phacoemulsification efficiency and chatter using a transversal ultrasound machine

Purpose To examine the role of high vacuum and aspiration settings on efficiency using a transversal ultrasound (US) machine. Setting John A. Moran Eye Center Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Design Experimental study. Methods Porcine lens nuclei were incubated in formalin for 2 hours and then cut into 2.0 mm cubes. Phacoemulsification was performed using the Whitestar Signature machine. Settings were bottle height 50 cm, on-time 6 milliseconds, and off-time 6 milliseconds. One hundred percent power was used for all 240 runs. Tested parameters were aspiration of 50 mL/min and 60 mL/min and vacuum of 500, mm Hg, 600 mm Hg, and 650 mm Hg. Results With continuous US, increasing aspiration from 50 mL/min to 60 mL/min significantly increased efficiency (23%). Increasing vacuum from 500 mm Hg to 650 mm Hg and from 600 mm Hg to 650 mm Hg significantly increased efficiency (20.2% and 13.6%, respectively). Higher vacuum and aspiration parameters did not influence the incidence of chatter events. In the micropulse US group, there was no significant efficiency increase with increasing vacuum or aspiration levels. There was a significant efficiency increase of continuous over micropulse US at an aspiration setting of 60 mL/min and vacuum settings of 600 mm Hg and 650 mm Hg. Conclusions As aspiration and vacuum increased, efficiency increased under continuous transverse US. No significant efficiency improvement occurred at high aspiration and vacuum settings under micropulse US. At 60 mL/min aspiration and more than 600 mm Hg vacuum, continuous power was significantly more efficient than micropulse transverse US.
Amundsen’s Difficult Search for the Elusive North Magnetic Pole during His Voyage to the North West Passage

During his epic voyage through the North West Passage, Roald Amundsen’s primary goal was to find the North Magnetic Pole, the point where the earth’s magnetic field points vertically downward. In 1903, he interrupted his voyage, which he might have completed that year, to establish a camp at Gjoahavn in northern Canada. In 1904, he traveled to the vicinity of the North Magnetic Pole, establishing that it had moved northward since its discovery by James Clark Ross in 1831. For several weeks, Amundsen made magnetic measurements at different places, but was frustrated because he could not pinpoint the Pole’s location. He remained another year at Gjoahavn to explore and to learn from the Inuit their skills for Arctic survival, which enabled the success of his future polar explorations. The modern understanding of geomagnetic variations solves the puzzle of why his search was so difficult and why he thought he was unsuccessful.
Health sciences library building projects: 1994 survey

Designing and building new or renovated space is time consuming and requires politically sensitive discussions concerning a number of both long-term and immediate planning issues. The Medical Library Association's fourth annual survey of library building projects identified ten health sciences libraries that are planning, expanding, or constructing new facilities. Two projects are in predesign stages, four represent new construction, and four involve renovations to existing libraries. The Texas Medical Association Library, the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre Library, and the Northwestern University Galter Health Sciences Library illustrate how these libraries are being designed for the future and take into account areas of change produced by new information technologies, curricular trends, and new ways to deliver library services.
Costly Rewards and Punishments

To punish an agent, the principal often incurs costs. I study a principal’s least costly reward and punishment scheme for an agent whose effort the principal cannot observe. I find the principal’s cost is sometimes minimized by using both costly rewards and costly punishments because (1) the agent has an outside option, or (2) a principal without commitment ability repeatedly interacts with the agent. I also find that when an agent’s effort is better at increasing the probability of a good outcome for the principal, the agent’s payoff may decrease, because the principal replaces rewards with punishments.
Polypropylene Mesh Complications in the Sublay Position After Abdominally Based Breast Reconstruction: Les complications des treillis de polypropylène en sous-couche après une reconstruction mammaire par voie abdominale.

Introduction:Abdominal wall morbidity after microsurgical breast reconstruction is an important consideration for patients and surgeons. Previous studies are limited by multiple mesh locations or t...
Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Programs and Suicide

In response to the disproportionate number of individuals with mental disorders incarcerated in local jails and prisons, crisis intervention team (CIT) programs were designed to train law enforcement officers to divert mentally ill individuals to mental healthcare resources. CIT programs and researchers soon determined that many CIT encounters involved an individual displaying suicidal behaviors by either threatening or attempting to commit suicide. Using a database containing 3103 St. Louis Area CIT Program encounters in 2005 through 2009, it was determined that many of these individuals displayed suicidal behaviors. The study used descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis to examine their demographic characteristics, type of suicidal behaviors, and the factors associated with the disposition/outcome. The findings are that (a) the large majority of CIT encounters involved individuals engaged in suicidal behaviors; (b) this study reached different conclusions from previous CIT and suicide researchers regarding methods used or planned to be used in a suicide attempt; and (c) of those arrested and taken into custody (0.6%), most (86%) were taken first to an Emergency Department for evaluation and treatment. Future studies should focus on CIT programs that employ CIT officers and mental health professional teams that determine which individuals to transport to an emergency department and which can receive outpatient behavioral healthcare.
Acute Liver Failure in a COVID-19 Patient Without any Preexisting Liver Disease

In December 2019, an outbreak of novel coronavirus started in Wuhan, China, which gradually spread to the entire world. The World Health Organization (WHO) on February 11, 2020, officially announced the name for the disease as coronavirus disease 2019, abbreviated as COVID-19. It is caused by severe respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The WHO declared SARS-CoV-2 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 mainly causes fever as well as respiratory symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath. Gastrointestinal/hepatic sequelae such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and elevated liver enzymes have been reported as well. Studies and data so far on coronavirus infections from China, Singapore, and other countries showed that liver enzymes elevation could be seen in 20-50% of cases. More severe disease can correlate with the worsening of liver enzymes. However, acute liver failure in patients with COVID-19 has not been described. Herein we report a case of acute liver failure in an elderly patient with COVID-19 infection who did not have a history of preexisting liver disease.
Texture and quality of chicken sausage formulated with woody breast meat.

Woody breast (WB) myopathy is a quality defect, afflicting a large portion of commercial broilers to some degree. The WB myopathy is commonly attributed to rapid bird growth and characterized by excessive fibrosis within the pectoralis major, which is thought to cause the palpably hardened texture observed in the afflicted breast meat. These phenotypically tough breast fillets are not marketed for traditional intact muscle products owing to poor quality and eating experience. Potential avenues for these afflicted breast fillets include their use in formulation of fresh and cooked sausages. Two degrees of WB fillets (moderate and severe) were used as a replacement for normal (unafflicted) breast fillet meat at levels of 25, 50, and 100%, in a sausage formulation with 1.5% salt and 15% chicken fat. All 6 treatments were compared with a control formulation (100% normal breast meat) and analyzed for texture profile, cook loss, color, and proximate composition. Moisture and fat content for all formulations were similar (P = 0.95 and P = 0.33, respectively), but with increase in the inclusion rate of WB meat, lower protein content (P 0.05) WB meat. Texture profile analysis indicated a decrease in hardness, cohesiveness, and springiness with use of 100% severe WB meat, while inclusion of lower proportions of severe WB meat resulted in similar textural characteristics. These results indicate the possibility of using WB fillet meat in a sausage formulation with minimal impact on sausage texture profiles.
Our Kind of Town: The Chi, Lovecraft Country, and Black Lives That Matter on the Home Screen

Americans currently sheltering in place can stay involved in popular culture by using the expanded offerings on home screens. An impressive number of African American moviemakers have created conte...
Depression of the Medial Tibial Plateau in Infantile Blount Disease – Can Pathologic Bony Changes be Reversed with Guided Growth Treatment?

Background/Purpose: Studies have reported success in correcting the mechanical axis of the lower extremity in Infantile Blount disease using guided growth (GG) tension band plating technique, but it is not known if GG can affect improvement of the bony deformity seen at the proximal tibia. This study assesses whether the pathologic morphology at the proximal tibia can improve or resolve with guided growth treatment. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients with a diagnosis of Infantile Blount disease who underwent …
Two New Doubts about Simulation Arguments

Various theorists contend that we might live in a computer simulation. David Chalmers, in turn, argues that the simulation hypothesis is a metaphysical hypothesis about the nature of our reality, r...
A Robust Method for Packing High Resolution C18 RP-nano-HPLC Columns

The high complexity prevalent in biological samples requires chromatographic separations with high sensitivity and resolution to be effectively analyzed. Here we introduce a robust, reproducible and inexpensive protocol for preparation of a nano-flow reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) columns for on-line separation of analytical peptides before introduction into and detection by a mass-spectrometer in traditional bottom-up proteomics workflows. Depending on the goal of the experiment and the chemical properties of the analytes being separated, optimal column parameters may differ in their internal or outer diameters, length, particle size, pore size, chemistry of stationary phase particles, and the presence or absence of an integrated electrospray emitter at the tip. An in-house column packing system not only enables the rapid fabrication of columns with the desired properties but also dramatically reduces the cost of the process. The optimized protocol for packing a C18 AQ (aqueous) fused silica column discussed here is compatible with a wide range of liquid chromatographic instruments for achieving effective separation of analytes.
An Analysis of Nonunderwritten Rights Offers: The Case of Closed-End Funds

We study nonunderwritten rights offerings without subscription pre-commitments from large shareholders. The results indicate firms incur substantial indirect costs in the form of price concessions for raising equity capital this way. The data therefore support the selling cost explanation of the rights offering paradox. Additionally, we describe how market participants collectively respond to intermediate such offerings.
Baseline placental growth factor levels for the prediction of benefit from early aspirin prophylaxis for preeclampsia prevention

Abstract Objective Placental growth factor (PlGF) levels early in pregnancy are lower in women who ultimately develop preeclampsia. Early initiation of low-dose aspirin reduces preeclampsia risk in some high risk women. We hypothesized that low PlGF levels may identify women at increased risk for preeclampsia who would benefit from aspirin. Study design Secondary analysis of the MFMU High-Risk Aspirin study including singleton pregnancies randomized to aspirin 60mg/d ( n =102) or placebo ( n =72), with PlGF collected at 13w 0d–16w 6d. Within the placebo group, we estimated the probability of preeclampsia by PlGF level using logistic regression analysis, then determined a potential PlGF threshold for preeclampsia prediction using ROC analysis. We performed logistic regression modeling for potential confounders. Results ROC analysis indicated 87.71pg/ml as the threshold between high and low PlGF for preeclampsia-prediction. Within the placebo group high PlGF weakly predicted preeclampsia (AUC 0.653, sensitivity/specificity 63%/66%). We noted a 2.6-fold reduction in preeclampsia with aspirin in the high-PlGF group (12.15% aspirin vs 32.14% placebo, p =0.057), but no significant differences in preeclampsia in the low PlGF group (21.74% vs 15.91%, p =0.445). Conclusions Unlike other studies, we found that high rather than low PlGF levels were associated with an increased preeclampsia risk. Low PlGF neither identified women at increased risk of preeclampsia nor women who benefitted from aspirin. Further research is needed to determine whether aspirin is beneficial in women with high PlGF, and whether the paradigm linking low PlGF and preeclampsia needs to be reevaluated. Condensation High-risk women with low baseline PlGF, a risk factor for preeclampsia, did not benefit from early initiation of low-dose aspirin.
Extrauterine mesodermal (müllerian) adenosarcoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of five cases.

Five extrauterine examples (three pelvic and two ovarian) of a distinctive mesodermal (mullerian) mixed tumor previously described to occur in the uterus and designated mullerian adenosarcoma are reported. The tumors were diagnosed during the fifth to eighth decades of life. They usually formed very large, partly cystic masses, which had occasionally spread to adjacent organs by the time of operation. On microscopic examination the tumors consisted of benign-appearing neoplastic glands lying in a sarcomatous stroma. The glands were lined by a variety of mullerian epithelial cell types, and the stromal element resembled endometrial stromal sarcoma. Three patients had malignant courses manifested by intra-abdominal recurrence, distant metastases, or both. This tumor should be clearly distinguished from the more common forms of mesodermal (mullerian) mixed tumor in which the epithelial as well as the stromal component is malignant and the prognosis is much more grave.
WE-EF-BRA-06: Feasibility of Spatially Modulated Proton Beams for Small Animal Research

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of proton minibeam radiotherapy (pMBRT) for small animal research. The motivation is to explore with protons the extraordinary normal tissue sparing effects to spatially modulated beams as observed on high flux synchrotron beam lines. We hypothesized that we can design a multi-slit collimator for our proton beam line to produce planar-parallel dose profiles with high modulation in the entrance region and homogenous dose coverage in the overlap of the Bragg peaks. Methods: The high dose rate 50 MeV research proton beamline at the University of Washington was modeled using the TOol for PArticle Simulation (TOPAS) Monte Carlo package. A brass collimator was implemented to generate proton minibeams. The collimator consists of an array of 2 cm long slits to cover an area of 2×2 cm2. The slit widths (0.1–1 mm), center-to-center (ctc) distances (1–3 mm) and collimator thickness (1–7 cm) were varied to evaluate the effect on dose rate, the peak-to-valley dose ratios (PVDR) and the change of penumbra and peak width (FWHM) with depth. Results: The Bragg peak was at a depth of ∼21 mm. The penumbra and FWHM remained relatively constant to a depth of about 10–15 mm. The PVDR ranged from 1.6 to 26 and the dose rate dropped exponentially with collimator thickness. A uniform dose can be achieved at depth with slightly compromised PVDRs and dose rate. Conclusion: The technical realization of pMBRT is feasible. The simulations have shown that it is possible to obtain uniform dose at depth while modulation is maintained on the entrance side. While the simulated beam widths are larger than on synchrotron generated microbeams the dosimetric advantage could avoid having to interlace two microbeams to achieve uniform dose in the target. The next steps are to build a collimator and verify the simulations experimentally.