cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contested mobilities: gendered migration pressures among Cambodian youth

This paper explores how gender norms and expectations shape the migration decision-making processes of Cambodian young people, in a community characterized by high levels of migration to Thailand. Based on qualitative fieldwork with migrant and nonmigrant youth, I examine how young people make sense of migration and its local alternatives, and highlight the various gendered pressures that young people, and particularly men, experience for migration. Given the lack of local life-making alternatives that neatly conform to hegemonic masculine ideals, young men experience strong pressures for migration and encounter negative social judgments where they seek to stay put. In contrast, young women experience less forceful migration pressures, perceive meaningful alternative life-making projects in the village, and feel more free to actively resist migration. More generally, my findings highlight the importance of interrogating gendered processes of migration not only in terms of how they affect women and those w...
A Hybrid/Finite Element Approach for Stress Analysis of Notched Anisotropic Materials

Calcul des contraintes ou des facteurs d'intensite des contraintes a des entailles, coupures ou autres discontinuites geometriques dans des materiaux anisotropes charges dans le plan
FABRICATION OF COMPOSITES BY DIFFUSION PROCESSING.

Abstract : Composite materials containing continuous NiAl3 fibers in an aluminum matrix were grown by solid state diffusion at 600C from nickel wires embedded in aluminum (hot-pressed). The kinetics of formation of the NiAl3 and Ni2Al3 phases and the ultimate solid of the nickel terminal solid solution and Ni2Al3 phases were studied. The NiAl3-aluminum composite structure was developed by a diffusion treatment of 72 hours at 600C when 0.005 inch nickel wires were used in the starting structure. Although strengths of these composites were low due to grain boundary fracture of the NiAl3, this method of composite fabrication may prove applicable to the fabrication of composites in other alloy systems. (Author)
Recent state initiatives: The governor as policy leader; the governor as chief administrator

Innovative accomplishments of governors are a vehicle for analyzing state governors' performance as policy leaders and as chief executives. Analysis of survey data describing state innovations reveals governors fostering an almost even mix of programs (initiatives directly serving clienteles) and administrative innovations (changes in internal procedures), with innovations tending to be reported from agencies where the governor is involved in selection of the agency head. The implications are that governors interested in instituting and institutionalizing innovation can do so through their appointments and that the appointive power can be a vehicle for change as well as control. Program initiatives tended to concentrate in various functional policy areas, such as economic development or education. Management innovations, on the other hand, tended to be system wide in that they were reported in agencies that serve the entire state bureaucracy or they emanated from the governor's office.1
Note retraction of cold-drawn polyethylene and polypropylene

Abstract Observations on the free retraction of cold-drawn polyethylene and polypropylene as functions of time and temperature are reported and discussed in relation to possible origins of long-range retractive forces in crystalline polymers.
Family man in advertising? A content analysis of male domesticity and fatherhood in Taiwanese commercials

This study examines how Taiwanese commercials represent women and men, particularly men, in the family context as spouses and parents. A content analysis of prime-time commercials indicates that advertising representations of gender roles have made only slight and slow progress. Men are much less likely than women to be shown doing housework and taking care of children. When men are shown as nurturant fathers, their involvements with children are limited to playing with offspring.
Abstract 5369: Prostate cancer radiosensitization through PARP-1 hyperactivation

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL The clinical experimental agent, beta-lapachone (Arq 501), can act as a potent radiosensitizer in vitro through an unknown mechanism. In this study, we analyzed the mechanism to determine whether beta-lapachone may warrant clinical evaluation as a radiosensitizer. Beta-lapachone killed prostate cancer cells by NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) metabolic bioactivation, triggering a massive induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), irreversible DNA single strand breaks (SSBs), PARP-1 hyperactivation, NAD+/ATP depletion, and µ-calpain-induced programmed necrosis. In combination with ionizing radiation (IR), beta-lapachone radiosensitized NQO1+ prostate cancer cells, under conditions where nontoxic doses of either agent alone achieved threshold levels of SSBs required for hyperactivation of PARP-1. Combination therapy significantly elevated SSBs, gamma-H2AX foci formation, and poly(ADP-ribosylation) of PARP-1, which were associated with ATP loss and induction of µ-calpain-induced programmed cell death. Radiosensitization by beta-lapachone was blocked by the NQO1 inhibitor, dicoumarol, or the PARP-1 inhibitor, DPQ. In a mouse xenograft model of prostate cancer, beta-lapachone synergized with IR to promote antitumor efficacy. NQO1 levels were elevated in ∼60% of human prostate tumors evaluated relative to adjacent normal tissue, where beta-lapachone might be efficacious alone or in combination with radiation. Our findings offer a rationale for clinical assessment of beta-lapachone (Arq501) as a radiosensitizer in prostate cancers that overexpress NQO1, offering a potentially synergistic targeting strategy to exploit PARP-1 hyperactivation. Since similar data have been found for all NQO1 endogenously over-expressing cancers, including nonsmall cell lung, pancreatic and breast cancer, this strategy should have a broad use for many cancers and in combination with many DNA damaging agents used for cancer therapy. This work was supported by NIH grant 2 R01 CA102792 to DAB Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5369. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5369
Serum leptin concentrations in response to acute exercise in postmenopausal women with and without hormone replacement therapy.

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of acute exercise and hormone replacement therapy on serum leptin concentrations in postmenopausal women. Subjects were 15 healthy, postmenopausal women, 8 on hormone replace- ment therapy (HRT) and 7 not on hormone replacement therapy (NHRT). Group com- parisons indicated no significant differences between HRT and NHRT groups with respect to age, height, weight, BMI, sum of skinfolds, or VO,max, and verified signifi- cant differences in estradiol and FSH concentrations. After an overnight fast, each subject completed 30 min of treadmill exercise at =80% V0,max. Over 2 hr and 10 min, baseline, exercise, and recovery blood samples were collected from an intravenous catheter. A control session conducted a month later consisted of the same blood sampling protocol without exercise. Leptin concentrations declined significantly over the course of both the exercise and control sessions, gradually decreasing from baseline levels to -1.54 f 0.49 ng - ml-' postexercise, and continuing to decline to a low of -2.89 * 0.59 ng - ml-' at the end of the session. There was no significant difference between groups with respect to this decline. This is the first study to document that diurnal changes in leptin concentrations in postmenopausal women are not altered by acute treadmill exercise or HRT status. The study underscores the need to account for a diurnal reduction in leptin over the course of an exercise trial. (P.S.E.B.M. 1999, Vol 2211
LMI Control Design With Input Covariance Constraint for a Tensegrity Simplex Structure

The Input Covariance Constraint (ICC) control problem is an optimal control problem that minimizes the trace of a weighted output covariance matrix subject to multiple constraints on the input (control) covariance matrix. ICC control design using the Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) approach was proposed and applied to a tensegrity simplex structure in this paper. Since it has been demonstrated that the system control variances are directly associated with the actuator sizes for a given set of ℒ2 disturbances, the tensegrity simplex design example is used to demonstrate the capability of using the ICC controller to optimize the system performance in the sense of output covariance with a given set of actuator constraints. The ICC control design was compared with two other control design approaches, pole placement and Output Covariance Constraint (OCC) control designs. Simulation results show that the proposed ICC controllers optimize the system performance (the trace of a weighted output covariance matrix) for the given control covariance constraints whereas the other two control design methods cannot guarantee the feasibility of the designed controllers. Both, state feedback and full-order dynamic output feedback controllers have been considered in this work.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Electrification of Porous Alumina on Desorption of Gases

ELECTRIFICATION of some dusts by friction, and, hence, the association of sandstorms with static electricity, are well known; laboratory work on the subject has been summarized in two publications dealing with the study of small particles1,2. Further work has shown3 that particles of sodium chloride and, hence, dry sodium chloride aerosol, may, in some circumstances, acquire strong electric charges by emission of photoelectrons. We wish to report here yet another form of electrification of some small particles. This occurs when small particles desorb gas, and it would seem that both the magnitude and the sign of electrification are associated with the chemical treatment which was given to the substance during its preparation.
A phase II trial of daily perillyl alcohol in patients with advanced ovarian cancer: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E2E96.

Abstract Objective. This was a phase II study of perillyl alcohol in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the 6-month progression-free rate of perillyl alcohol as compared with historic controls. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the objective response rate, time to progression and survival, dropout rate, and number of cycles administered; define the qualitative nature of acute and chronic toxicities; and evaluate the effect of perillyl alcohol on triglycerides and total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol levels. Methods. Women who had received prior platinum-based therapy and had residual or recurrent disease were eligible. Perillyl alcohol was administered orally, four times daily, at a dose of 1200 mg/m 2 . This was repeated until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity was experienced. Results. The 6-month progression-free rate was 17%. None of the patients achieved a complete or partial response. The median progression-free survival was 1.7 months. The median overall survival was 9.1 months. Compliance was greater than 90% but gastrointestinal toxicity (grade 1–2 nausea, satiety, eructation in 70%) and fatigue (grade 1–2 in 40%) were common and limited the ability to escalate the dose from 1200 to 1500 mg/m 2 . Conclusion. Perillyl alcohol administered at this dose and formulation did not exhibit signs of extending the time-to-progression in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma.
The role of the seminiferous tubules in the production of hormones

Tables 2, 3, and 4 are reprinted from the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology. 11: 1403. Nov. 1951.
A meta-analysis of the effects of dietary protein restriction on the rate of decline in renal function

Abstract Dietary protein restriction has been reported to delay the need for renal replacement therapy in clinical trials and meta-analyses. However, less clear is what effect dietary protein has on the rate of decline in renal function. We pooled the results of 13 randomized controlled trials (n = 1,919 patients) and found that dietary protein restriction reduced the rate of decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate by only 0.53 mL/min/yr (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08 to 0.98 mL/min/yr). We also used weighted regression analysis to determine the reasons for the differences in the results of these 13 randomized trials along with 11 other nonrandomized controlled trials (n = 2,248 patients). The effect of dietary protein restriction (glomerular filtration rate decline in treatment minus control) was substantially less in randomized versus nonrandomized trials (regression coefficient, -5.2 mL/min/yr; 95% CI, -7.8 to -2.5 mL/min/yr; P
A simplified cannula system for implanting and injecting chemicals into the brains of small animals.

Abstract A double-walled cannula system is described for implanting and injecting chemicals into the brains of small animals. Its advantages are the ease with which it can be constructed, its light weight and low cost.
Transfer effects in discrimination learning

Abstract Transfer effects which occur during the discrimination of overlapping stimulus compounds were analyzed. The learning materials were paired associates whose stimulus members were simple stimulus compounds. The compounds and responses received a single pairing (reinforcement) and the compounds were presented alone after either 12 or 27 seconds as a test for recall. In different experimental conditiocs, compounds with common cues were inserted in the training series either before or after reinforcement of the test compound and before recall. Experimental arrangements which might be expected to produce both positive and negative transfer were employed. The principal results were: (1) recall decreased as a function of the interval between reinforcement and test, (2) evidence was found for proactive but not retroactive interference mediated by the common cues, and (3) both proactive and retroactive facilitation mediated by the common cues was obtained. A mixed model arising from stimulus sampling theory was developed for the results. This model, which was in essence an all-or-none retention process coupled with a cue selection process generally did quite well. However, the model failed to provide an adequate description of the obtained proactive interference effects.
Glomerular mesangial cell adhesion to fibrinogen is mediated by αvβ3 integrin

The biological behavior of glomerular mesangial cells is thought to play a critical role in human and experimental forms of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. In these diseases, mesangial cells proliferate and produce increased amounts of extracellular matrix proteins, which can lead to glomerulosclerosis and end-stage renal disease. Mesangial cells interact with extracellular matrix proteins through integrin-mediated cell adhesion. Fibrinogen as a plasma-derived protein is known to be deposited in the mesangium of kidneys affected by mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. The adhesive interactions between fibrinogen and mesangial cells, however, have not been reported. Results in this work show that mesangial cells adhere to immobilized fibrinogen in an integrin-dependent fashion. This process was inhibited by the alphavbeta3-selective peptide cyclo-RGDFV and the monoclonal anti-beta3 integrin chain antibody F11. Ca(2+) ions are a known strong inhibitor of the fibrinogen-alphavbeta3 interaction, and mesangial cell adhesion did not occur when Ca(2+) was the only divalent cation present. Therefore, mesangial cell adhesion to fibrinogen is mediated by alphavbeta3 integrin, and divalent cations have a fundamental role in regulating this process.
Cross Polarization and Beam Squint in Single and Dual Offset Reflector Antennas

ABSTRACT Cross polarization (XPOL) and beam squint phenomena of reflector antennas are examined in detail. Emphasis is on the explanation of the absence of XPOL and the presence of beam squint in offset parabolic reflectors illuminated by a circularly polarized feed. Linearly polarized feeds are also considered for both the offset and axisymmetric configurations. Although many of these results are known, they are presented in a single coherent treatment. In addition, the results for polarization and beam squint characteristics of prime-focus offset parabolic reflector antennas are extended to dual offset configurations based on computed data using the physical optics code, GRASP7 (TICRA, 1988).
Magnetic Field Measurements in the MSU 500 MeV Superconducting Cyclotron

The measurements of the magnetic field in the superconducting cyclotron under construction at Michigan State University are reported. The 55-channel flip coil gaussmeter built at MSU for this purpose is described. Twelve field maps measured with various currents in the two sections of the main coil have been Fourier-analyzed for evaluation of magnetic imperfections and data errors and for comparison with calculated magnetic field distributions. The calculation procedure is in excellent agreement with the measured data. The imperfection harmonics are small and there is evidence in the measurements that they are partly correctable by better alignment of pole tips and coil tank at final assembly of the cyclotron.
Cool, High-Density Regime for Poloidal Divertors

Calculations have been performed which demonstrate the possibility of operating poloidal divertors at high densities and low temperatures. Ionization of recycling neutral gas near the divertor neutralizer plate amplifies the input particle flux thereby raising the plasma density and lowering the plasma temperature. Low-temperature, high-density operation should reduce the erosion rate of the divertor walls and plate, and ease the pumping requirements in future large tokamaks.
Learning from Distance Faculty: A Faculty Needs Assessment at the University of Wyoming

Distance educators have special library needs. This article discusses the results of a library needs assessment of distance instructors at the University of Wyoming. Access to resources, use of library instructional services, barriers to distance library use, and perceived gaps in service are all addressed. Follow-up actions, based on survey results, are also discussed.
Vacuum ultraviolet circular dichroism of double stranded nucleic acids.

The vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) circular dichroism (CD) of double stranded DNA and RNA is greater in amplitude than the CD of these molecules for wavelengths longer than 200 nm. The amplitude of the VUV-CD depends on the base composition of DNA, with guanine-cytosine base pairs contributing more intensity than adenine-thymine base pairs. The shape and amplitude of the VUV-CO are better indicators of nucleic acid conformation (A, B or Z) than are those of the longer wavelength CD. We illustrate the unique features of VUV-CD with specific examples. In the presence of Cs+ and ethanol, VUV-CD reveals that poly(dA-dC)poly(dG-dT) forms a right handed double helix despite the inversion of the longer wavelength CD, which usually is used as a benchmark for the left-handed form. The greater magnitude of the VUV-CD of DNA and RNA compared to longer wavelengths means that the VUV-CD is less susceptible to distortion by the induced CD of UV-absorbing ligands like mitomycin C and N-2-acetylaminofluorene.
Electrical engineering implications of the quantized sine-Gordon model

Abstract Using the Coleman mapping, for a particular value of the coupling constant, the forced sine-Gordon theory is transformed into massive 1+1 dimensional quantum electrodynamics. For the latter, Schwinger's paper time method is employed to calculate the exact transition rate and the resulting V-I characteristic for a model Josephson junction.
Strength and Microscopic Investigation of Unsaturated Polyester BMC Reinforced with SMC-Recyclate

An unsaturated polyester bulk molding compound is made containing unsaturated polyester sheet molding compound-recyclate added as reinforcement. Grinding techniques are used to obtain the sheet molding compound-recyclate. The flexural strength and modulus of bulk molding compounds containing 0 and 100% recyclate used as the reinforcing material are compared. In both cases the flexural strength and modulus are found to be reduced. Micrographs of the recyclate-reinforced bulk molding compound fracture area show cracks that initiate and propagate along the recyclate-new resin matrix interface. The poor interfacial bonding is the major reason for the loss in the strength and modulus values.
Neurobiology of marijuana abuse

Marijuana has a long history of abuse yet, as described here by Mary Abood and Billy Martin, there is little evidence that animals will self-administer the primary psychoactive constituent, tetrahydrocannabinol, or that marijuana stimulates brain reward pathways. While marked tolerance develops to marijuana, it has been difficult to demonstrate physical dependence, and until recently the mechanisms by which cannabinoids produced their behavioral effects were poorly defined. The development of new synthetic analogs played a critical role in the characterization and cloning of the cannabinoid receptor. Insight into cannabinoid receptors may lead to a better understanding of marijuana abuse in humans and provide new therapeutic strategies for several disorders.
Solar-blind photoelectric detection systems for satellite applications

Open magnetic electron multipliers /MEM/ with continuous dynode and field strips for satellite- borne detection systems, emphasizing extreme UV detectors
Transfer Function Modeling of Distributed Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesters

Extensive research has been conducted on vibration energy harvesting utilizing a distributed piezoelectric beam structure. A fundamental issue in the design of these harvesters is the understanding of the response of the beam to arbitrary external excitations (boundary excitations in most models). The modal analysis method has been the primary tool for evaluating the system response. However, a change in the model boundary conditions requires a reevaluation of the eigenfunctions in the series and information of higher-order dynamics may be lost in the truncation. In this paper, a frequency domain modeling approach based in the system transfer functions is proposed. The transfer function of a distributed parameter system contains all of the information required to predict the system spectrum, the system response under any initial and external disturbances, and the stability of the system response. The methodology proposed in this paper is valid for both self-adjoint and non-self-adjoint systems, and is useful for numerical computer coding and energy harvester design investigations. Examples will be discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach for designs of vibration energy harvesters.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Posted Warnings, Compliance, and Behavioral Intent

The purpose of this study was to examine behavioral compliance with posted warnings varying in design features. Thirty-seven participants performed a chemical mixing task in an environment with no posted warning, a text-only warning, or a warning consisting of design components identified in the warnings literature (i.e., signal word, alert symbol, color). Participants were randomly assigned to one of three direct experience sign conditions. Participants also provided ratings of behavioral intent in conditions involving written scenarios and photographs of the task setting. Although eleven of the participants wore either gloves or goggles or both, none of the participants in the sign conditions looked at the posted warning signs. Ratings of behavioral intent in response to written scenarios revealed significant effects of sign type, and significant differences between ratings of self and ratings of others. Factors relating to research design and sample selection as well as implications for future complian...
Incorporating non-linear tire dynamics into a convex approach to shared steering control

Active safety systems enabled by steer-by-wire technology can share control with a driver, augmenting the driver's steering commands to avoid collisions and prevent loss of control. The extent to which this can be done is limited by the controller's ability to anticipate dangerous scenarios in order to appropriately intervene and steer the vehicle to safety. However, the non-linear nature of tire dynamics poses a challenge in predicting and modifying vehicle behavior in real-time. In this paper, online successive linearizations of the future planned vehicle trajectory approximates these non-linear dynamics in a real-time, model predictive controller that shares control with a human driver. Simulation results of aggressive maneuvers demonstrate the usefulness of this approach as well as illustrate interesting interactions between the sometimes competing objectives of vehicle stability and collision avoidance.
Canine plasminogen: purification and a demonstration of multimolecular forms.

Abstract A method for the purification of canine plasminogen has been developed with yields to 86% and a consistent 714-fold concentration over plasma. The procedure capitalized on the affinity of plasminogen for fibrin. This induced complex association was easily washed free of inert proteins and the proenzyme, plasminogen, was freed by eluting the complex with e-aminocaproic acid. Methanol then precipitated the partially purified proenzyme which was chromatographed on hydroxyapatite. The final product was judged homogeneous by criteria of ultracentrifugation, immunology, electron microscopy, and cellulose-acetate electrophoresis. The plasminogen was soluble and highly stable at physiological pH and did not contain assayable spontaneous proteolytic activity. This method was applicable to equine plasma and gave similar yields of high quality plasminogen. An isoproenzyme system of plasminogen was suggested by starch-gel electrophoresis. This procedure, using hydroxyapatite plasminogen, revealed four distinct electrophoretic components, which were activable with urokinase to plasmin (EC 3.4.4.14). A new assay technique on strips of fibrin-impregnated cellulose acetate demonstrated in situ the lysis of fibrin by each of the electrophoretic components. These isoproenzymes when separated and re-electrophoresed retained their individuality and capacity for activity.
The norms of powers of matrices with unit spectral radius

Abstract We show that the norm of the powers of a matrix with unit spectral radius which is not of bounded type grows as 0(np−1), where p is the order of the largest nonlinear divisor of the matrix associated with a unit eigenvalue.
Vertical Mass Flux Calculations in Hawaiian Trade Cumulus Clouds from Dual-Doppler Radar

Abstract Two ground-based Doppler radars and an instrumented aircraft provided a means for computing the vertical mass flux in trade wind cumulus clouds that formed east of the island of Hawaii dining the Hawaiian Rainband Project of 1990. This study compares the mass fluxes of small isolated cells with larger groups of clouds and rainbands. Because of excellent sensitivity, the 5.5-cm wavelength radars were capable of detecting Bragg backscatter, which extended the measurements to include some precipitation-free air within and surrounding the clouds. The shape of the vertical profile of vertical mass flux within shallow cumulus clouds and cloud groups varied considerably over the cloud's life cycle but was comparatively independent of cloud size. The early stages of convection displayed a mass flux profile that resembled those produced by buoyancy sorting and entraining plume models, but the mature and later stages were considerably more affected by precipitation-driven down-drafts and included mean down...
Study of the reduction behavior of W/TiO2 catalysts by XPS using curve fitting, deconvolution and factor analysis

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, ESCA) was used to determine the tungsten oxidation states in a 5 wt.% WO 3 /TiO 2 catalyst reduced in hydrogen in the temperature range 400-700 o C. Because, in the region of interest, W 4f overlaps with the Ti 3p energy level, a multiple analysis procedure including deconvolution, non-linear least-squares curve fitting and factor analysis was used to analyze the data. Deconvolution was better able to resolve the peaks in the W 4f region and thus elucidate the positions of the tungsten components for each reduction temperature. It was shown that there is a maximum of three W 4f doublets. The W 4f 7/2 peaks of these components were located at 35.5, 33.3 and 31.1 eV and they were assigned to W +6 , W +4 and W o , respectively. Factor analysis verified the presence of three spectral tungsten components X-ray diffraction verified the presence of W o on reduction at 675 o C. Non-linear least-squares curve fitting, using the positions from deconvolution, was able to determine the distribution of tungsten oxidation states as a function of reduction temperature: W +6 steadily decreased with increasing reduction temperature, W +4 initially appears at 408 o C and goes through a maximum around 580 o C; W o was first detected following reduction at 550 o C and was the only species present for reduction temperatures higher than 665 o C. From the distribution, it is proposed that, unlike the molybdenum systems, tungsten undergoes a more simplifed reduction process in which only one intermediate oxidation state (presumably W +4 ) is detected
Cultural Considerations in Release of Information

In most mental health professions, confidentiality is probably the most important ethical principle in psychology, aside from nonmalfeasance. However, confidentiality is embedded in the Western values of individuality and autonomy. This creates a moral and ethical dilemma for clinicians working with clients from other cultures. This article presents 3 cases to highlight the conflict that many clinicians are likely to face with regard to confidentiality when working with clients from South Asia and similar cultures. The importance of understanding how cultural values may contradict professional ethics and some ways in which the clinician can address them are also discussed.
Rethinking the Mississippi River diversion for effective capture of riverine sediments

Abstract. Many river deltas in the world are vibrant economic regions, serving as transportation hubs, population centres, and commercial hotspots. However, today, many of these deltaic areas face a tremendous challenge with land loss due to a number of factors, such as reduced riverine sediment supply, coastal land erosion, subsidence, and sea level rise. The development of the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain (MRDP) in southeast Louisiana, USA, over the past century is a good example. Since 1932, approximately 4877 km2 of the coastal land of MRDP has become submerged. The lower Mississippi River main channel entering the Gulf of Mexico has become an isolated waterway with both sides losing land. In contrast, large open water areas in the Mississippi River’s distributary basin, the Atchafalaya River basin, have been silted up over the past century, and the river mouth has developed a prograding delta feature at its two outlets to the Gulf of Mexico. The retrospective analysis of this paper makes it clear that the main cause of the land loss in the MRDP is not the decline of riverine sediment, but the disconnection of the sediment sources from the natural flood plains. Future sediment management efforts in the MRDP should focus on restoring the natural connection of riverine sediment supplies with flood plains, rather than solely using channelized river diversion. This could be achieved through controlled overbank flooding (COF) and artificial floods in conjunction with the use of a hydrograph-based sediment availability assessment.
The use of an endothelium-targeted cationic copolymer to enhance the barrier function of lung capillary endothelial monolayers.

Acute changes in lung capillary permeability continue to complicate procedures such as cardiopulmonary bypass, solid organ transplant, and major vascular surgery and precipitate the more severe disease state Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). To date there is no treatment targeted directly to the lung microvasculature. We hypothesized that biomimetic polymers could be used to enhance passive barrier function by reducing the porosity of the endothelial glycocalyx and attenuate mechanotransduction by restricting the motion of the glycoproteins implicated in signal transduction. To this end, cationic copolymers containing methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride (P-TMA Cl) have been developed as an infusible therapy to target the lung capillary glycocalyx in order to mechanically enhance the capillary barrier and turn off pressure-induced mechanotransduction. Copolymers were tested for functional efficacy by measuring both albumin permeability (PDA) and hydraulic conductivity (Lp) across cultured endothelial monolayers. P-TMA Cl significantly decreased PDA in normal and inflamed cells and attenuated pressure-induced increases in Lp. Decreases in Lp across endothelial monolayers in the presence of P-TMA Cl is evidence of a dampening of mechanotransduction-induced barrier dysfunction. We show the potential for biomimetic polymers targeted to lung endothelium as a viable therapy to enhance endothelial barrier function thereby attenuating a major component of vascular inflammation.
Stability and Flexibility in Teaching.

Abstract The dominant image of the effective teacher is the flexible teacher who conceives of ways of teaching as neutral techniques to be used to meet exigencies of the classroom. This study sought to determine the extent to which teachers have stable or flexible styles of teaching and the relationship of teaching style to teacher ideology. Case studies of four elementary teachers based on interviews and observations were completed. It was found that teach teacher had a stable, dominant style of teaching yet was flexible within the style. The styles revealed were text-coverage, text-extension, and text-thinking. It was further found that each teacher had a coherent teaching ideology and that it was consistent with the teacher's teaching style. Discussion centers on the meaning of the results for improving teaching.
Robust signaling techniques for through silicon via bundles

In high performance 3D ICs with increasing trend for multi-core and NoC architectures, signaling techniques play a crucial role in determining the overall performance of the system. In this work, we explored single ended and differential signaling techniques for Through Silicon Via (TSV) bundles and analyzed their behavior in the presence of power supply noise. We obtained maximum data rate and energy/bit values for each of the signaling techniques and identified the dominant factors that determine these values. Simple analysis is carried out to understand the impact of fault tolerant scheme on the performance of the signaling technique. Frequency dependent RLGC parasitics of 3x3 and 4x4 TSV bundles are extracted using Ansoft Q3D Extractor. NCSU 45nm PDK and HSPICE simulation tool are used. For robustness to supply noise analysis, noise amplitudes of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% of supply voltage and a noise frequency of 200MHz is considered. It is observed that Inter Symbol Interference (ISI), power supply noise and fault tolerant architecture play crucial role in determining the robust and high performance signaling technique for TSV bundles.
Inflation, inflation uncertainty, and relative price dispersion: Evidence from bivariate GARCH-M models

Abstract One potential real effect of inflation is its influence on the dispersion of relative prices in the economy. Menu cost models generally imply that higher trend inflation will increase price dispersion. In contrast, signal extraction models predict that increased inflation uncertainty will raise relative price dispersion. Existing empirical studies do not distinguish between these separate hypotheses. We constuct a bivariate GARCH-M model of inflation and relative price dispersion to test these differing explanations in a single model and find that inflation uncertainty dominates trend inflation as a predictor of relative price dispersion.
Allosteric modulation of kinases and GPCRs: design principles and structural diversity.

Allosteric binding sites, as opposed to traditional orthosteric binding sites, offer unparalleled opportunities for drug discovery by providing high levels of selectivity, mimicking physiological conditions, affording fewer side effects because of desensitization/downregulation, and engendering ligands with chemotypes divergent from orthosteric ligands. For kinases, allosteric mechanisms described to date include alteration of protein kinase conformation blocking productive ATP binding which appear ‘ATP competitive’ or blocking kinase activation by conformational changes that are ‘ATP non-competitive’. For GPCRs, allosteric mechanisms impart multiple modes of target modulation (positive allosteric modulation (PAM), negative allosteric modulation (NAM), neutral cooperativity, partial antagonism (PA), allosteric agonism and allosteric antagonism). Here, we review recent developments in the design principles and structural diversity of allosteric ligands for kinases and GPCRs.
Traumatic Tears of the Subscapularis Tendon Clinical Diagnosis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings, and Operative Treatment

The study population consisted of 14 shoulders in 13 consecutive patients with surgically confirmed isolated subscapularis tendon tears. In all but three patients, the mechanism of injury was traumatic hyperextension or external rotation of the abducted arm. All patients reported pain and weakness in the affected shoulder. Physical findings revealed limited passive range of motion at maximal internal and external rotation due to pain, weakness of internal rotation of the shoulder, and tenderness in the region of the intertubercular groove. However, these findings did not conclusively point to the subscapularis tendon as the site of injury. Preoperative interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging studies was used to diagnose tears of the subscapularis tendon in 14 shoulders and biceps tendon subluxation or dislocation in 6 shoulders. On arthroscopic examination, one patient was found to have a partial-thickness tear that was treated with arthroscopic debridement. Six shoulders had full-thickness tears of the subscapularis tendon, and seven shoulders had full-thickness tears associated with concomitant biceps tendon pathologic conditions, including subluxation, dislocation, or rupture. The full-thickness subscapularis tendon tears were repaired via an open anterior approach to the shoulder through the deltopectoral groove. Associated biceps tendon injuries were treated with tenodesis of the tendon to the intertubercular groove. Our early followup results have shown that, with proper diagnoses and surgical treatments, patients have greatly decreased pain and marked improvement in shoulder function.
Formation of Gibbsite as a Primary Weathering Product of Acid Igneous Rocks

ONLY detailed sampling of early weathering stages combined with suitable analytical techniques can reveal the presence of gibbsite as a primary weathering product in certain weathering crusts of acid igneous rocks. It is therefore instructive to examine the findings of some previous workers in relation to the methods they used.
Using laser spectroscopy to study the non-maxwellian statistics of trapped ions

Trapped ions cooled by a buffer gas can form an extended diffuse cloud dominated by power-law tails, rather than the Gaussian expected by Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics, as described[1] in PRL 102, 063001 (2009).
TENDERNESS AND WATER HOLDING PROPERTIES OF BEEF MUSCLE AS INFLUENCED BY FREEZING AND SUBSEQUENT STORAGE AT -3 OR 15°C

When postrigor sternomandibularis muscle from beef was frozen then stored at −3°C for times ranging from 4 hr to 28 days, a significant, approximately linear decrease in shear force (determined after cooking) occurred. The extent of shear force decline achieved during storage for 28 days at −3°C significantly exceeded that achieved by aging like samples of meat at 15−C for 3 days postrigor. Upon completion of rigor, some muscles were frozen, thawed, then aged at 15−C for 24 hr. The decrease in shear force of these samples was significantly greater than that achieved in samples that were stored for 48 hr at 15−C and then frozen, thawed and evaluated.
Synthesis of 1,2‐disubstituted naphth [1,2‐d]imidazole‐4,5‐diones

A convenient synthesis of 3-acylamino-1,2-naphthoquinones (I) is presented. The addition of aromatic and aliphatic amines to I followed by exposure to oxygen gives the corresponding 4-arylamino- or 4-alkylamino-3-acylamino-1,2-naphthoquinones (II). The addition of 4-cyclo-hexylbutylamine to 3-trichloroacetamino-1,2-naphthoquinone took an anomalous course and 1-(4′-cyclohexylbutyl)-3(H)-naphth[1,2-d]imidazoline-2,4,5-trione (VII) was obtained. Treatment of II with refluxing acetic acid gave 1,2-disubstituted naphth[1,2-d]imidazole-4,5-diones (III). The reaction was successful with a variety of 4-substituted amino-3-acylamino-1,2-naphthoquinones (II) and usually occurred in excellent yield. However, the cyclization of II to III is subject to steric limitation and attempts to cyclize 4-tert-butylamino-3-acetamino-1,2-naphthoquinone to the corresponding imidazole derivative was unsuccessful. The infrared, ultraviolet and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of I, II, and III are discussed in relation to their structures.
Transmission eigenvalues and the bare conductance in the crossover to Anderson localization.

We measure the field transmission matrix t for microwave radiation propagating through random waveguides in the crossover to Anderson localization. From these measurements, we determine the dimensionless conductance g and the individual eigenvaluesn of the transmission matrix tt y whose sum equals g. In diffusive samples, the highest eigenvalue, � 1, is close to unity corresponding to a transmission of nearly 100%, while for localized waves, the average of � 1, is nearly equal to g. We find that the spacing between average values of lnn is constant and demonstrate that when surface interactions are taken into More than 50 years ago, Anderson (1) showed that beyond a certain threshold in disorder the electron wave function within a material becomes exponentially peaked and diffusion ceases. In the intervening years, localization and its precursors in diffusive samples of enhanced fluctu- ations and suppressed transmission have been shown to affect every aspect of transport (2-4). Relating transmis- sion in disordered systems to random matrices (5-12) has provided a powerful approach to calculating the scaling and fluctuations of conductance. In this approach, the flow of electrical current through a disordered conductor is assumed to proceed via a set of orthogonal channels on the input and output sides of the sample which are coupled via the field transmission matrix t. Each channel is a superposition of the N orthogonal transverse momentum channels supported by the sample leads. Alternatively, t gives the coupling of the field between different points on opposite surfaces of the sample. The focus of random matrix theory has been the calculation of the dimensionless conductance, g, which is the conductance in units of
909-26 There are Gender-Related Differences in Vessel Size, but not In Target Lesion Plaque Composition: A Pre-Intervention Intravascular Ultrasound Study

Pre-intervention intravascular ultrasound imaging was used to assess the presence of gender-related differences in 627 focal, significant (quantitative angiographic diameter stenosis = 67 ± 16%), de novo, native vessel lesions in 465 males and 162 females (ages 60 ± 12 yrs). Lesion site external elastic membrane (EEM), lumen, and plaque + media (P + M) cross-sectional areas and % cross-sectional narrowing (%CSN = P + M/EEM were compared to a proximal reference site (most normal looking cross-section within 10 mm of the lesion, but before major side branches). Females Males p Reference EEM area (mm2) 17.8 ± 5.6 19.9 ± 7.0 0.0006 Reference lumen area (mm2) 8.9 ± 3.2 9.8 ± 4.0 0.013 Reference P+ M area (mm2) 6.8 ± 11.6 7.2 ± 14.3 NS Reference % CSN 48.5 ± 12.9 50.1 ± 12.1 NS Lesion EEM area (mm2) 17.6 ± 5.8 20.1 ± 5.5 0.0098 Lesion lumen area (mm2 1.8 ± 0.8 1.9 ± 1.1 NS Lesion P + M area (mm2) 15.8 ± 5.7 17.7 ± 6.9 0.0097 Lesion % CSN 88.8 ± 6.2 89.7 ± 63 NS Lesion/Reference EEM area 1.04 ± 0.24 1.00 ± 0.21 NS Lesion/Reference P + M area 2.19 ± 1.14 2.02 ± 213 NS Full-size table Table options View in workspace Download as CSV There were no gender-related differences in lesion eccentricity (maximum/minimum P + M thickness = 2.8 ± 2.6 vs 3.1 ± 2.6), lesion or reference site plaque composition (frequency of fibrocalcific plaque elements), arc of calcium (104 ± 117° vs 105 ± 106°), or calcium distribution (superficial vs deep). We Conclude:Pre-intervention intravascular ultrasound imaging failed to detect any qualitative differences in de novo target lesion plaque composition or distribution in females compared to males. Arteries were smaller in females (smaller reference lumen and EEM areas and smaller lesion site EEM areas). However, the extent of compensatory arterial remodeling was similar (no difference in reference site and lesion site %CSN or in lesion/reference EEM area). The reduced target lesion plaque cross-sectional area in females can be explained entirely by the the smaller arterial size (no difference in lesion/reference P + M area).
Organization of visual-tracking responses in human infants

Abstract Twenty-one infants were presented repetitions of a left-to-right row sequence of six lights. When a S was judged to be tracking lights, the row sequence was interrupted. In interrupted sequences two adjacent lights in the row did not go on. Videotaped records of the infants' eye movements were scored to determine patterns of visual tracking. All S s showed an initial persistent tendency to track only in strings of adjacent lights. Ninty-three percent of ocular responses by the infants to offset of the light immediately preceding interruption were movements to the right. Changes in response organization were discussed in reference to Piaget's concept of ordering of the world through successive accommodations of organized patterns of response.
T1 and magnetization transfer at 7 Tesla in acute ischemic infarct in the rat.

T1 and magnetization transfer at a field strength of 7 Tesla were used to discriminate between water accumulation and protein mobilization in tissue undergoing infarction. Twelve rats subjected to acute stroke via intralumenal suture occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, and 19 controls, were studied. In MRI studies to 6 hr post-ictus, serial data acquisition allowed the measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF), apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCw), equilibrium magnetization (M0) and T1, and equilibrium magnetization and T1 under an off-resonance partial saturation of the macromolecular pool (Msat and T1sat). Using these parameters, the apparent forward transfer rate of magnetization between the free water proton pool and the macromolecular proton pool, kfa, was calculated. Regions of interest (ROIs) were chosen using depressed areas in maps of the ADCw. T1 measurements in bovine serum albumin at 7T were not affected by the mobility of the macromolecular pool (P > 0.2), but magnetization transfer between free water and protein depended strongly on the mobility of the macromolecular pool (P 80%) contribution to the decrease in kfa. There also existed a small contribution due to changes at the water-macromolecular interface, possibly due to proteolysis (P = 0.005). Magn Reson Med 41:696–705, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Theme and Variations: Heterothermy in Mammals

This collection of articles is focused on the evolutionary dynamics of heterothermy in mammals, specifically torpor and hibernation. Topics cover a wide range from evolutionary genetics, physiology, ecology, and applications to human health.