cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Forward-look wind-shear detection for microburst recovery

An effort is in progress by NASA, the Federal Aviation Administration, and the industry to reduce the threat of convective microburst wind-shear phenomena to aircraft. This paper describes an effort to quantify the benefits of forward-look sensing and to develop and test a candidate set of strategies for recovery from inadvertent microburst encounters during the landing approach. Initial development of recovery strategies was performed in batch simulation prior to piloted simulation evaluation using a full dynamic airplane model. The results of this effort indicate that the factor that most strongly effects a microburst recovery is the time at which the recovery is initiated. Improving the alert time by 5 s generally provided a greater recovery performance increase than could be achieved by changing the recovery strategy. Forward-look alerts given 10 s prior to microburst entry permitted recoveries to be made with negligible altitude loss. Nomenclature F = wind-shear hazard index g = gravitational acceleration //ref = reference altitude for recovery strategies V = airplane airspeed Wh = vertical wind component, updraft positive Wx = horizontal wind component, along the airplane ground track
Application of analog computer techniques to in vivo drug kinetic studies.

Although drug implants have been used extensively in experimental and clinical studies, there is little quantitative work in the literature relating pellet absorption rate to the metabolism and excretion, of free drug or its metabolites. With the use of a model drug as an implant, appropriate rate equations were derived for the system. An analog computer program was formulated which solves these equations.
Catalytic C–H functionalization by metal carbenoid and nitrenoid insertion

Novel reactions that can selectively functionalize carbon-hydrogen bonds are of intense interest to the chemical community because they offer new strategic approaches for synthesis. A very promising 'carbon-hydrogen functionalization' method involves the insertion of metal carbenes and nitrenes into C-H bonds. This area has experienced considerable growth in the past decade, particularly in the area of enantioselective intermolecular reactions. Here we discuss several facets of these kinds of C-H functionalization reactions and provide a perspective on how this methodology has affected the synthesis of complex natural products and potential pharmaceutical agents.
Critical temperatures and pressures for hydrocarbon mixtures from an equation of state with renormalization-group theory corrections

Abstract A recently developed crossover equation of state (EOS) incorporates contributions from long-wavelength density fluctuations by renormalization-group theory. This EOS can satisfactorily describe the thermodynamic properties of chain fluids both far-from and near-to the critical region; it is used here to calculate the critical locus of a mixture. Because the calculations require much computation time, especially for ternary (and higher) mixtures, an interpolation method is used as suggested by Redlich over 30 years ago. For a binary mixture, along the critical line that gives the critical temperature or critical pressure as a function of composition, the limiting slopes at the critical points of the pure components are explicitly derived from the criteria for a critical point. Logarithmic–hyperbolic interpolation equations are selected to calculate the entire critical lines of the binary mixtures; this procedure is then generalized to multicomponent mixtures. Upon comparison with experimental critical data, the interpolation equations give good critical lines for binary and multicomponent type-1 mixtures of n-alkanes.
Leveraging open source software and design based research principles for development of a 3D virtual learning environment

Design based research (DBR) has been acknowledged as a productive approach for advancing educational technology. Coincidentally, open source software has been found to be a good fit for implementing design based research. This report presents a case study of a software project using a design-based research approach and free/open source software. The project, iSocial, is developing a 3D virtual environment for youth with autism spectrum disorders to develop social competence. The study illustrates how the flexibility and community features of FOSS fit with the iterative nature of design-based research to benefit the development of iSocial, and the report also discusses challenges of implementing FOSS and DBR.
Rotation-vibration spectrum of HT: Line position measurements of the 1-0, 4-0, and 5-0 bands

Abstract Optoacoustic techniques have been used to determine the line positions of the 1-0 fundamental and 4-0 and 5-0 overtones of the HT (1H3H) molecule with an accuracy of better than 0.01 cm−1. Comparison with line positions predicted from ab initio calculations that include adiabatic, relativistic, radiative, and nonadiabatic corrections shows disagreement outside of the experimental uncertainties.
Theory of transport processes in single crystal growth from the melt

The quality of large semiconductor crystals grown from the melt for use in electronic and optoelectronic devices is strongly influenced by the intricate coupling of heat and mass transfer and melt flow in growth systems. This paper reviews the present state of understanding of these processes starting from the simplest descriptions of solidification processes to detailed numerical calculations needed for quantitative modeling of processing with solidification. Descriptions of models for the vertical Bridgman-Stockbarger and Czochralski crystal growth techniques are included as examples of the level of understanding of industrially important methods.
Comment on “Selection of the Saffman-Taylor Finger Width in the Absence of Surface Tension: An Exact Result”

A Comment on the Letter by Mark Mineev-Weinstein, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 2113 (1998). The authors of the Letter offer a Reply.
Oriented diamond growth on platinum via a metal-carbon-hydrogen low-pressure processing route

Abstract Oriented diamond crystals have been formed on polycrystalline platinum by a multi-step low-pressure solid-state carbon source processing route employing Pt as the metallic solvent. The processing routine included the implementation of a high-temperature metal hydrogenation step at 900 °C, followed by an increasing metal carbonization step at temperatures of 1100, 1200, 1300 and 1400 °C. For the carbonization step at temperatures of 1300 °C and greater, prior to exsolution and diamond formation, regions with oriented diamond particles were observed. However, when performing this procedure at less than 1300 °C only randomly oriented particles were observed.
Sediment focusing in the Panama Basin, Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean

Abstract Age-model derived sediment mass accumulation rates (MARs) are consistently higher than 230Th-normalized MARs in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean during the past 25 ka. The offset, being highest in the Panama Basin, suggests a significant role for deep-sea sediment redistribution (i.e., sediment focusing) in this region. Here, we test the hypothesis that downslope transport of sediments from topographically high regions that surround the Panama Basin is the cause of higher-than-expected xs230Th inventories over the past 25 ka in the deeper parts of the basin. We find little difference in xs230Th inventories between the highest and lowest reaches of the basin. Furthermore, there is no correlation between xs230Th-derived sediment focusing factors and water depth which suggests that the topographic highs do not serve as a source of xs230Th. A spatial analysis suggests that there may be an enhanced scavenging effect on xs230Th concentrations in sediment closest to the equator where productivity is the highest, although further data is necessary to corroborate this. At the equator xs230Th-derived focusing factors are high and range from about 1 to 5 during the Holocene and about 1 to 11 during the last glacial. In contrast, non-equatorial cores show a smaller range in variability from about 0.7 to 2.8 during the Holocene and from 0.7 to 3.6 during the last glacial. Based on 232Th flux measurements, we hypothesize that the location at which eolian detrital fluxes surpass the riverine detrital fluxes is approximately 300 km from the margin. While riverine fluxes from coastal margins were higher during the Holocene, eolian fluxes were higher during the last glacial.
Infrared spectra of phenyl derivatives of group IVb, Vb and VIIb elements

Abstract The infrared spectra between 2 and 35 μ of a large number of phenyl compounds of Group IVb, Vb and VIIb elements are analyzed. The spectral features of interest in qualitative and quantitative analysis are discussed and empirical correlations between the spectra and properties of the central metal atom demonstrated. The spectra beyond 15 μ are shown to be particularly useful in the qualitative identification of this class of materials.
Characterization of placental prolactin-like protein-A in intracellular and extracellular compartments.

Abstract Prolactin-like protein-A (PLP-A) was purified from medium conditioned by junctional zone explants dissected from the rat chorioallantoic placenta via concanavalin A affinity chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Monomeric PLP-A was found to be heterogeneous and consisted of two major molecular sizes, 29 and 33 kDa. The charge and size heterogeneity attributed to monomeric PLP-A could be accounted for by the addition of N-linked carbohydrate moieties to the PLP-A structure. Monomeric PLP-A lacked lactogenic bioactivities and several attempts to sequence 29 and 33 kDa PLP-A monomers proved unsuccessful. Biochemical characterization of PLP-A species present in various intracellular and extracellular compartments indicated that PLP-A is normally secreted as high molecular weight complexes and that PLP-A species were also targeted to the nucleus. PLP-A species isolated from placental cytosol or from serum of pregnant rats predominantly circulated as disulfide-linked high molecular weight complexes. PLP-A antipeptide antisera showed limited but specific reactivity with the high molecular weight PLP-A species. We have specifically identified a 29 kDa protein species in placental cell nuclei with three antibodies directed to three different regions of the predicted amino acid sequence of PLP-A. The 29 kDa nuclear immunoreactive protein had an equivalent electrophoretic mobility to the 29 kDa PLP-A protein of junctional zone cytosol. The 33 kDa PLP-A protein was not identified in the nucleus. The biological significance of the circulating high molecular weight PLP-A species or the nuclear PLP-A species remains to be determined.
Quantifying The Performance Of Imaging Systems

A figure of merit for characterizing the performance of medical imaging systems is suggested. It depends on statistical properties of the object and noise and on the transfer matrix specifying the imaging system.
Finite formulation of quantum field theory

Abstract A fundamental integral equation to be satisfied by all quantum fields is proposed. It is shown that this equation determines all S-matrix elements. The axiom of microscopic causality is not assumed, and the asymptotic behavior of field operators follows from the theory. The boundary conditions imposed upon the S-matrix elements limit the types of interaction to the “renormalizable” ones. Within the framework of perturbation theory, it is proven that finite solutions exist to all orders. It is also shown how the general S-matrix elements may be determined. The formalism is extended to quantum electrodynamics where it is shown that the gauge invariance of the theory is a consequence of the unitarity of the S-matrix and the Lorentz condition. The latter is imposed only on the wave functions of the photons in the asymptotic regions, not on either the operators or the state vectors. Finally, it is shown how the concept of the external field arises naturally in the appropriate physical situations.
Cooling rate affects rhesus monkey sperm survival.

Background The rate at which lethal intracellular ice formation occurs during cryopreservation is highly dependent on several variables. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal rate at which rhesus sperm can be cooled. Methods Experiments were performed using three rates of cooling. Sperm motility was evaluated by computer-assisted semen analysis, and post-thaw viability was determined using propidium iodide labeling and flow cytometry. Semen was frozen at three cooling rates: (i) fast, (ii) slow, and (iii) standard. Straws were thawed for 30 s at 37°C for analysis of motility and viability. Results Post-thaw motility and viability were comparable between freezing curves. Sperm cryopreserved using the slow freeze curve exhibited lowest motility and viability. Conclusions This study indicates that macaque sperm survive cooling optimally when cooling rates range from −17 to −34°C/minute. Conversely, slow cooling was detrimental and resulted in poor quality sperm.
A Case Study of Heterarchy in Complex Societies: Early Medieval Ireland and its Archeological Implications

Early Europe provides considerable evidence of heterarchical organization. Early Medieval Ireland will be examined in this chapter. Both textual and archeological evidence of a chiefdom-type society will be evaluated, and the combination of the two will show that texts can provide details of sociopolitical organization that may be difficult or impossible to interpret from archeological evidence alone. The conclusions are couched in exclusively archeological terms, however, because the point of the exercise is to attempt archeological interpretations of heterarchy.
CD200 (OX-2 Membrane Glycoprotein) Expression in B Cell–Derived Neoplasms

We studied the expression of CD200, an immunoglobulin superfamily membrane glycoprotein, in a wide range of B cell-derived neoplasms by immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded tissue sections. In addition to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), CD200 is expressed in other B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, including hairy cell leukemia. In addition, neoplastic cells in classical Hodgkin lymphoma are immunoreactive for CD200. CD200 was previously reported to be expressed in acute myeloid leukemia, and we find that it is also expressed in B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. We conclude that CD200 may be a useful immunophenotypic marker in the evaluation of B cell-derived neoplasms. Furthermore, since an anti-CD200 immunotherapeutic agent is in clinical trials, a number of B cell-derived neoplasms in addition to CLL/SLL may be suitable therapeutic targets.
Dipeptidyl peptidase I: importance of progranzyme activation sequences, other dipeptide sequences, and the N-terminal amino group of synthetic substrates for enzyme activity

The broadly reactive cysteine protease dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI, cathepsin C) is thought to activate all progranzymes (zymogens of lymphocyte serine proteases) to form mature granzymes. We synthesized dipeptide 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) substrates containing progranzyme activation sequences and showed that they were efficiently hydrolyzed by DPPI. However, DPPI will not hydrolyze Ile-Ile-AMC, the N-terminal dipeptide sequence found in mature granzymes. Introduction of the nonphysiological homophenylalanine (Hph) residue at P1 resulted in the best substrate Ala-Hph-AMC for DPPI (k(cat)/K(m)=9,000,000M(-1)s(-1)). The charged N-terminal amino group of the substrate was essential and replacement of the NH(2) group with OH or NH(CH(3)) in Gly-Phe-AMC reduced the k(cat)/K(m) value by two to three orders of magnitude. A hydrazide azaglycine analog, NH(2)NHCO-Phe-AMC, was not hydrolyzed at pH 5.5, but underwent slow hydrolysis at lower pHs where the amino group is partially protonated. DPPI also failed to hydrolyze NH(2)COCH(2)-Phe-AMC, where the NH(2) group is unprotonated. The results reported in this paper should be useful in the design of better DPPI inhibitors to block granzyme maturation and granzyme-dependent apoptosis.
Counter reduction techniques for Hamming count

Hardware overhead reduction through counter selection is considered for the Hamming count compaction test. A method to choose the most effective syndrome and input variable counter combination is introduced. Both simulation and theoretical analysis illustrate that the proposed method produces an optimal pairing. Adaptations in the counter selection method are made forming a greedy strategy for choosing multiple counters to combine with the syndrome counter. Complexity of both the single and multiple counter selection algorithms is very reasonable. The method promotes intelligent counter selection to minimize any impact test hardware reduction will have on fault detection. >
Identification of manipulated variables for a glycosylation control strategy

N-linked glycan distribution affects important end-use characteristics such as the bioactivity and efficacy of many therapeutic proteins, (including monoclonal antibodies), in vivo. Yet, obtaining desired glycan distributions consistently during batch-to-batch production can be challenging for biopharmaceutical manufacturers. While an appropriately implemented on-line glycosylation control strategy during production can help to ensure a consistent glycan distribution, to date no such strategies have been reported. Our goal is to develop and validate a comprehensive strategy for effective on-line control of glycosylation, the successful achievement of which requires first identifying appropriate manipulated variables that can be used to direct the glycan distribution to a desired state. While various culture conditions such as bioreactor process variables, media type, and media supplements have been shown to affect the glycan distribution, in this study we focus on the latter. Specifically, we implemented a statistically designed series of experiments to determine the significant main effects (as well as interaction effects) of media supplementation with manganese, galactose, ammonia and found that each had significant effects on certain glycans. We also include data indicating the glycosylation enzyme gene transcript levels as well as the intracellular nucleotide sugar concentrations in the presence of the media supplements to provide insight into the intracellular conditions that may be contributing to the changes in glycan distribution. The acquired experimental data sets were then used to identify which glycans can be controlled by the media supplements and to what degree. We determined that MnCl2 can be used as a manipulated variable to increase the relative abundance of M51 and decrease FA2 simultaneously, and galactose can be used as a manipulated variable to increase the relative abundance of FA2G1 and decrease FA2 and A2 simultaneously.
Performance of Experimental Terrestrial Photovoltaic Modules

During the years 1977-1980, MIT Lincoln Laboratory (LL) placed over 11 000 photovoltaic (PV) modules at experimental PV power generating systems in a number of field test sites in the United States. Prominent among these are a 100 kW system at Natural Bridges National Monument in Utah, a 25 kW system at Mead, Nebraska, and a 15 kW system at Bryan, Ohio. The modules used in each of these systems were procured through the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Large Scale Procurement Program as part of the US Department of Energy's National Photovoltaic Program. Through a program of periodic surveillance, measurements, and inspections at the aforementioned sites, over 320 electrically failed modules have been located, removed, and analyzed during this 4-year period. The principal causes of failure were: 1) cells cracked due to weathering or internal module stresses; 2) failed solder joints; 3) interconnects not soldered to rear sides of cells at assembly; 4) cells or interconnects electrically shorted to metallic substrates; and 5) broken or split interconnects. Details and photographs of many of the different types of failures are presented and some of the analysis techniques used to locate the failures are described.
Evaluation of a New Clinical Librarian Service

In order to evaluate a new Clinical Medical Librarian (CML) service at Preston Medical Library in Knoxville, Tennessee, the three departments participating in the service were surveyed and interviewed. Participants in the study shed light on how much impact the attendance of a librarian at rounds and other meetings has had on their patient care decisions as well as their use of the library. Overall, the CML service has been well received by residents and faculty and will continue to serve at least these three departments.
Leukotriene D4 increases the excitability of capsaicin-sensitive nasal sensory nerves to electrical and chemical stimuli

Background and purpose: Clinical studies have demonstrated significant reductions in allergen-induced nasal symptoms of atopic rhinitis subjects by CysLT1 antagonists, including neuronally mediated symptoms such as sneeze, itch and reflex hypersecretion. Here, we test the hypothesis that cysteinyl leukotrienes activate and/or alter the activity of nasal nociceptive (capsaicin-sensitive) sensory neurones. Experimental approach: Using retrograde tracer (DiI), we labelled guinea-pig trigeminal sensory neurones that projected fibres to the nasal mucosa. Single-neurone reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR was used to evaluate CysLT receptor gene expression. The effect of cysteinyl leukotrienes on individual nasal sensory nerve activity was assessed in Ca2+ assays and whole-cell gramicidin-perforated patch-clamp studies. Key results: Nasal C-fibre neurones express CysLT1 but not CysLT2 mRNA. LTD4 and LTC4 increased intracellular [Ca2+]free in a population of capsaicin-sensitive trigeminal nerves, an effect blocked by the CysLT1 antagonist ICI198615. In current clamp mode, LTD4 had no effect on resting membrane potential. However, LTD4 significantly increased electrical excitability (action potential discharge during current pulses) threefold in capsaicin-sensitive nasal neurones, which was inhibited by CysLT1 antagonists ICI198615 and montelukast. LTD4 had no effect on electrical excitability in capsaicin-insensitive neurones. Finally, LTD4 significantly augmented histamine-induced responses in capsaicin-sensitive neurones as measured by increased action potential discharge, peak frequency and membrane depolarization. Conclusions and implications: LTD4, likely through CysLT1 receptors, directly increases the excitability of capsaicin-sensitive guinea-pig nasal trigeminal neurones, demonstrating a novel mechanism for the actions of cysteinyl leukotrienes and potentially explains the effectiveness of CysLT1 antagonists in treating nasal allergen-induced neuronal symptoms. British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 154, 1359–1368; doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.196; published online 26 May 2008
Explained and Unexplained Spatial and Temporal Variability in Rates of Marine Sediment Accumulation Along the Northeast Margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet ≤ 14 Ka

ABSTRACT Changes in sediment accumulation rate (SAR, cm/ky) for fifteen AMS 14C dated late Quaternary sites from along the NE margin of Canada (between 66° and 54° N) are examined. These 15 cores cover the last deglacial cycle of sediment input from the decaying Laurentide Ice Sheet, and subsequent postglacial marine sedimentation on these arctic and subarctic shelves and basins. It is shown that the spatial and temporal variability of the 15 SAR time series do not simply parallel the known glacial chronology. Deglaciation of the shelves initially occurred after Heinrich event 1 (H-1, 14.5 ka; all dates are in 14C yr). Subsequently, there were major ice advances during the Younger Dryas (YD/H-0, 10-11 ka) and the Noble Inlet glacial events (8.6 ka), with final collapse of the ice sheet ca. 8.0 ka. A total of 73 radiocarbon dates were used, which led to 58 SAR estimates. The median SAR is 69 cm/ky; however, the distribution is strongly positively skewed because of short-lived intervals of very high SAR ( 5000 cm/ky, ca. 5000 kg m-2 ky-1). On the Labrador Shelf, high SAR are associated with ice retreat from the Noble Inlet maximum (< 8.6 ka), whereas on the SE Baffin Shelf there is little response in the sediment system to this event. Conversely, during the Younger Dryas/Heinrich-0 (YD/H-0) event, high SARs occur on the SE Baffin Shelf, but along the Labrador Shelf the interval 10-11 ka is marked by modest SARS. Both the 11-10 and 8.6-8 ka rapid sediment accumulation events are marked by considerable increases in the detrital carbonate content, hence bear similarities to the major Heinrich events in the NW Labrador Sea. These unexpected spatial and temporal differences in sediment deposition probably reflect changes in sediment transport trajectories associated with differences in ice (glacial or sea-ice) extent, and atmospheric/oceanic circulations.
Quantitative functional interrelations within the cis-regulatory system of the S. purpuratus Endo16 gene

Embryonic expression of the Endo16 gene of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus is controlled by interactions with at least 13 different DNA-binding factors. These interactions occur within a cis-regulatory domain that extends about 2300 bp upstream from the transcription start site. A recent functional characterization of this domain reveals six different subregions, or cis-regulatory modules, each of which displays a specific regulatory subfunction when linked with the basal promoter and in some cases various other modules (C.-H. Yuh and E. Davidson (1996) Development 122, 1069-1082). In the present work, we analyzed quantitative time-course measurements of the CAT enzyme output of embryos bearing expression constructs controlled by various Endo16 regulatory modules, either singly or in combination. Three of these modules function positively in that, in isolation, each is capable of promoting expression in vegetal plate and adjacent cell lineages, though with different temporal profiles of activity. Models for the mode of interaction of the three positive modules with one another were tested by assuming mathematical relations that would generate, from the measured single module time courses, the experimentally observed profiles of activity obtained when the relevant modules are physically linked in the same construct. The generated and observed time functions were compared, and the differences were minimized by least squares adjustment of a scale parameter. When the modules were tested in context of the endogenous promoter region, one of the positive modules (A) was found to increase the output of the others (B and G), by a constant factor. In contrast, a solution in which the time-course data of modules A and B are multiplied by one another was required for the interrelations of the positive modules when a minimal SV40 promoter was used. One interpretation is that, in this construct, each module independently stimulates the basal transcription complex. We used a similar approach to analyze the repressive activity of the three Endo16 cis-regulatory modules that act negatively in controlling spatial expression. The evidence obtained confirms that the repressive modules act only by affecting the output of module A (C.-H. Yuh and E. Davidson (1996) Development 122, 1069-1082). A new hierarchical model of the cis-regulatory system was formulated in which module A plays a central integrating role, and which also implies specific functions for certain DNA-binding sites within the basal promoter fragment of the gene. Additional kinetic experiments were then carried out, and key aspects of the model were confirmed.
Consequences of cell death: exposure to necrotic tumor cells, but not primary tissue cells or apoptotic cells, induces the maturation of immunostimulatory dendritic cells.

Cell death by necrosis is typically associated with inflammation, in contrast to apoptosis. We have identified additional distinctions between the two types of death that occur at the level of dendritic cells (DCs) and which influence the induction of immunity. DCs must undergo changes termed maturation to act as potent antigen-presenting cells. Here, we investigated whether exposure to apoptotic or necrotic cells affected DC maturation. We found that immature DCs efficiently phagocytose a variety of apoptotic and necrotic tumor cells. However, only exposure to the latter induces maturation. The mature DCs express high levels of the DC-restricted markers CD83 and lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein (DC-LAMP) and the costimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86. Furthermore, they develop into powerful stimulators of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Cross-presentation of antigens to CD8(+) T cells occurs after uptake of apoptotic cells. We demonstrate here that optimal cross-presentation of antigens from tumor cells requires two steps: phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by immature DCs, which provides antigenic peptides for major histocompatibility complex class I and class II presentation, and a maturation signal that is delivered by exposure to necrotic tumor cells, their supernatants, or standard maturation stimuli, e.g., monocyte-conditioned medium. Thus, DCs are able to distinguish two types of tumor cell death, with necrosis providing a control that is critical for the initiation of immunity.
Wnt/β-catenin signaling in liver regeneration (398.5)

β-catenin plays a critical role in triggering liver regeneration (LR) after partial hepatectemy (PH). β-catenin can be activated by numerous pathways, the primary one being Wnt signaling. Defect of β-catenin leads to delay of LR in hepatocyte specific β-catenin knockout mice (KO1). Ablation of Wnt-dependent β-catenin signaling in hepatocyte specific LRP5/6 double knockouts (KO2) also results in suboptimal LR after PH, which phenocopies KO1. Therefore, Wnt signaling is the major signaling pathway that activates β-catenin during LR. To further elucidate the source of Wnts in the liver, we studied Wnts secretion from different hepatic cell population after PH. Wingless (Wls) is a critical regulator of Wnt secretion. We generated hepatocyte and macrophage specific Wls knockout mice (KO3&KO4, respectively), which lack the ability of hepatocytes and macrophages to secrete Wnts, respectively. KO3 had normal initiation of LR, while depletion of Wls from macrophages leads to suboptimal LR and impaired β-cateni...
TYCHOSPORIUM ACUTOSTIPES, A NEW PROTOSTELID WHICH MODIFIES THE CONCEPT OF THE PROTOSTELIIDAE

A new species of protostelid, Tychosporium acutostipes, was isolated from aerial dead plant parts from Fayetteville, Arkansas, and cultured using standard techniques for protostelids. This species ...
An Experimental Study of Instructional Pedagogies to Teach Math-Related Content Knowledge in Construction Management Education

ABSTRACTThe capability for quantitative thought and expression is essential in the daily work of the construction industry. The National Association of State Directors of Career Technical Education Consortium (NASDCTEc) recognizes a keen understanding of mathematics as one of the most critical skills required in the construction management career field. Most construction management programs require students to take several prerequisite math courses. However, a high percentage of students have difficulty in applying their math skills to construction-related problems. The main question in this research was “what is the most effective pedagogical approach to helping students master the most needed math skills for construction management?” Three different instructional models (traditional lecture, problem-based learning, and flipped classroom) were compared to study improvement levels in student mastery of math skills. An experimental study was conducted in a state university. Fifty-two students were assigned...
Antiferrodistortive Reconstruction of the PbTiO 3 (001) Surface

We present in situ x-ray scattering measurements of the surface structures of PbTiO(3) (001) in equilibrium with PbO vapor. At 875 to 1025 K, a reconstruction having c(2x2) symmetry is present under most conditions, while a 1 x 6 reconstruction occurs under PbO-poor conditions. The atomic structure of the c(2x2) phase is found to consist of a single layer of an antiferrodistortive structure with oxygen cages counter-rotated by 10 degrees about the titanium ions.
MY APPROACH to outpatients with suspected CAD.

The history and physical will direct the initial step. If there is an important murmur on exam, I would start with an echocardiogram to make sure that the patient did or does not have aortic stenosis or obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Most often, however, the physical exam will be normal, and the initial step will be to assess for CAD and the answers to the questions above. In contemporary practice, we have many choices available to us for testing in this situation. One can categorize testing broadly into functional testing (stress ECG or imaging tests) or anatomic testing (cardiac computed tomographic angiography; CCTA). Each has strengths and weaknesses. CCTA gives a more direct answer about CAD and has a very high negative predictive value. If severe and extensive CAD is found, we also have answers. However, if intermediate-severity stenoses are seen, we certainly know the patient has CAD but not whether the symptoms are related, and, if there is a degree of coronary calcium (commonly found with increasing age), the angiography aspect is more uncertain. The functional tests provide
Anselm on Truth and Goodness

St. Anselm provides us with a metaphysics of the Logos, whereby things are true in relation to the Divine Intellect, or by the one first truth. This type of metaphysics has ethical implications, for the truth of man’s essence needs to be brought to completion through right action. Rectitude of the rational creature’s will is necessary for man’s doing the truth or standing in the truth. This paper shows that the actualization of man’s essence can only be achieved through the return of the rational creature to the divine Truth, which is its exemplary and final cause.
Magnetic Heating of Fe-Co Ferrites: Experiments and Modeling.

Magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia uses magnetically-induced heat to kill cancer cells. In an alternating magnetic field, the induced heat depends strongly on particles' absorption properties. In order to achieve and maintain therapeutic temperatures inside a tumor and to minimize damage to normal tissues due to induced eddy currents, there is a need to develop new magnetic nanoparticles with improved heating characteristics. This paper investigates the magnetic heating properties of composite iron-cobalt ferrite nanoparticles Co x FeII1-x FeIII2O4 with 0≤x≤1. These composite materials are synthesized using a precipitation method. First, the Fe-Co nanoparticle synthesis is described, then their structure, size, magnetic and heating properties are measured and analyzed. The resulting nanoparticles were treated at temperatures 100-600°C in order to study any structural transformations and changes of physical properties. Finally, an empirical model is used to calculate both the nanoparticles' coercivity and their specific absorption rates for different Co concentrations.
Letter by Karlstaedt and Taegtmeyer Regarding Article, "Loss of Adult Cardiac Myocyte GSK-3 Leads to Mitotic Catastrophe Resulting in Fatal Dilated Cardiomyopathy".

We have read with interest the article by Zhou et al.1 The authors demonstrated that in cardiomyocytes, conditional deletion of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) isoforms A and B leads to development of severe dilated cardiomyopathy. Zhou et al1 also report that GSK-3 suppresses cell cycle induction and that the subsequent loss of cardiac myocytes leads to impaired contractile function, development of dilated cardiomyopathy, and death. These are exciting findings, which are in agreement with …
Intraocular pressure measurement in cynomolgus monkeys. Tono-Pen versus manometry.

Results, Linear regression analysis of TP on manometric readings for grouped data from all six eyes, with each data point representing the average of all the TP readings from one eye at each manometric pressure setting, showed a slope 0.692 ± 0.016 and 0.683 ± 0.023 (both significantly different from 1; P< 0.001), intercept 1.21 ± 0.60 and 1.64 ± 0.82 mm Hg (both significandy different from 0.0, P < 0.05), and correlation coefficient 0.981 and 0.96 in open stopcock and closed stopcock mode, respectively. There were no striking differences when the data were analyzed for individual eyes or animals, for open versus closed stopcock manometry, or for increasing versus decreasing manometric IOP.
Cryptosporidium sp. and Cyclospora sp

The genera Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora constitute two groups of parasitic protozoans, all of which can cause transient diarrhea. Cryptosporidium occurs in a wide variety of hosts, such as sheep, cattle, birds, rodents, and primates including humans, whereas Cyclospora occurrence has so far been described only in humans.1 Experimental evidence based on cross-infectivity of Cryptosporidium recovered from different hosts suggests that the number of species of this organism is limited, with C. parvum being the dominant one in nature.2 It seems that many species of animals harboring Cryptosporidium act as reservoirs of the human infection. The organism is worldwide in distribution. It is considered a pathogen for all ages and both sexes in humans, in whom it causes subclinical infection or a mild diarrhea.
Efficient Algorithms for Predicate Detection using Hybrid Logical Clocks

Predicate detection is a critical aspect in debugging and monitoring of distributed systems. Runtime monitoring of distributed systems should satisfy two main requirements: wait-free execution and efficient computation. Monitoring is wait-free if it is non-intrusive (application being monitored is not stopped due to monitoring) and is efficient if the monitoring overhead is small. We define a monitor to be ϵ-sensitive if it is guaranteed to detect all predicates that are true for at least an ϵ time interval in true physical time. We focus on using hybrid logical clocks (HLCs) to perform wait-free and efficient predicate detection. HLC uses only constant space, has no false positives, and is 2ϵ-sensitive where e is the synchronization error bound. We focus on developing efficient algorithms for detecting weak conjunctive predicates (WCPs) with the help of HLC and then extend them to detect arithmetic predicates such as those necessary for expressing resource usage, network density, and so on.
A Chemical Glycoproteomics Platform Applied to Human Prostate Cancer

Accurate diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer demands a highly specific biomarker of prostate cancer, as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), the current clinical biomarker for prostate cancer, s...
Drugs and hyperglycemia: A practical guide

Drug-induced diabetes is one of the factors contributing to the increasing incidence of diabetes worldwide. This review considers the frequency, pathogenesis and treatment of drug-induced diabetes. Drugs that induce diabetes include hormonal therapy, especially glucocorticoids and androgen blockers, cardiovascular drugs, especially statins, beta-blockers and diuretics, antipsychotics, especially clozapine, olanzapine and quetiapine, antiretrovirals (protease inhibitors and non-reverse transcriptase inhibitors - NRTIs) and other drugs (mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors -mTORs, post organ transplantation drugs, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and interferon-alpha). Abnormalities of the distal gluco-regulatory pathways of hyperglycemia involve decreased insulin secretion and frequent insulin resistance, whereas the proximal defects are unknown, thus limiting targeted treatment. Drug-induced diabetes is potentially reversible and the risk is underestimated. There is little information on its long-term effects on microvascular complications as clinical trials have not been long enough and neither have they focused on these factors. Overall management includes awareness of a drug's diabetogenic potential, underlying diabetes risk, benefits and risks of continuing vs discontinuing the drug, plus a consideration of drug duration and dose. While diabetes and its severity can be identified and controlled, the likelihood of future diabetes complications frequently cannot. This, balanced against the predicted benefit of the drug, results in clinical uncertainty. Empirical approaches to drug-related hyperglycemia include decreasing the dose or selecting an alternative treatment, if possible. In the absence of drug-specific evidence, treatment of drug-induced hyperglycemia and diabetes is similar to comprehensive standard diabetes care, including lifestyle modifications, oral/injectable antidiabetic agents and insulin. Important clinical considerations include surveillance of glucose before and during treatment and, in some cases, institution of diabetes preventive measures like lifestyle modification and early treatment. Future research is needed to elucidate pathophysiology and optimal targeted treatment for drug-induced diabetes and its long-term complications.
The Advent of Black Thinkers and the Limits of Continental Philosophy

In this chapter, Mignolo interrogates Eurocentrism as an epistemic and not a geographic issue. The chapter contends that local knowledge generated in Europe from the Renaissance onward piggybacked on economic, political, and military expansion to become global. Renaissance epistemology, basic theological, was keen to push the concept of “universal” inherited from the European Middle Age. Hence, the concept of universal, curiously enough, became global and the global was confused with universal. Theological philosophy and, since the Enlightenment, secular philosophy were the army and the soldiers of the European epistemic and ontological march on the rest of the world. Without going into the responses that Europe is getting nowadays with migrants, refugees, and angry people called terrorists, Mignolo examines in this chapter the epistemic responses from and by people whose histories of knowing, being, living, and doing were not that of the local history of European forms of knowing, being, living, and doing. Such responses are always trapped in the categories that Eurocentrism imposed through Western languages and its fountains, Greek and Latin. Mignolo argues that there is no fundamental justification to trap thinking in the cage of Western philosophy. This is because human beings think, and have done so for millions if not billions of years, and Greek philosophers only conceived their own thinking as philosophy. The chapter then explores means by which philosophy can be decolonized in order to liberate thinking.
Acute intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide influences the immune system in the absence of gut dysbiosis

Abstract There is bidirectional communication between the immune system and the gut microbiome, however the precise mechanisms regulating this crosstalk are not well understood. Microbial‐associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) within the gut, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that produces a quick and robust activation of the immune system, may be one way by which these interactions occur. Endogenous levels of LPS in the gut are low enough that they do not usually cause disease, although, in times of increased LPS loads, they may be capable of increasing vulnerability of the gut to pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, chronic, low‐grade inflammation can have lasting effects on the gut, but the effects of acute inflammation on gut communities have not been thoroughly assessed. In this study, we first investigated whether a single modest dose of LPS administered to adult male and female Siberian hamsters ( Phodopus sungorus ) activated the immune system by measuring levels of circulating cortisol and the proinflammatory cytokine TNF‐ α in the liver compared with saline‐treated animals. We then investigated whether this same acute dose of LPS altered the microbiome 48 h after treatment. We found that, although LPS increased cortisol and liver cytokine levels, and produced changes in food intake and body mass in both sexes, immunological changes were independent of gut dysbiosis 48 h after LPS injection. These data suggest that an acute immune activation may not be capable of altering the gut microbiome in healthy individuals. It is likely, however, that this type of immune challenge may have other physiological impacts on the gut9s vulnerability, and future studies will investigate these relationships further.
Prevention of Heart Disease in Childhood—Encouragement of Primordial Prevention

Observations over the many years in the Bogalusa Heart Study, have established that adverse cardiovascular risk factors have their onset early in life. The most dramatic evidence of cardiovascular disease comes from autopsy studies on young individuals in Bogalusa. Such findings have been extended by the Pathologic Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth and very strong correlations occur at autopsy between ante mortem clinical cardiovascular risk factors and actual anatomic changes consistent with cardiovascular disease. Lifestyles that are associated with atherosclerosis and hypertension—high fat-high cholesterol diets, high salt intake, inactivity, obesity, consistent smoking (we noted by 8–9 years of age) and other poor lifestyles need to be addressed. These findings urge the medical profession, especially cardiologists, to give leadership to prevention involving children and their families. Addressing lifestyles and behavior for families including their offspring should be a high priority to break this devastating toll on our society. Although there are now many drugs available that improve medical aspects and even prolong life by treating coronary artery disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, improving poor lifestyles beginning at a young age could work in concert with both primary and secondary prevention. Yet, the ubiquitous prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and their beginning at an early age, show the need to improve deleterious lifestyles for all children and begin primordial prevention. Primordial prevention through public health education at the elementary school age with family involvement should be a goal for Preventive Cardiology.
Constitutive Equations for Hyperelastic Materials Based on the Upper Triangular Decomposition of the Deformation Gradient

The upper triangular decomposition has recently been proposed to multiplicatively decompose the deformation gradient tensor into a product of a rotation tensor and an upper triangular tensor called...
Claims That Can’t Be Tested with Available Techniques

This chapter identifies several claims that are important to the public discussion and evaluation of Universal Basic Income (UBI) but that cannot be tested on an experimental scale. Unfortunately, for experimental research, these issues cannot be left out of the discussion of evidence about UBI. This chapter offers suggestions about how experimental reports should treat these questions to give people a good understanding of the meaning of experimental findings.
Determination of Degree of Substitution of Formyl Groups in Polyaldehyde Dextran by the Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride Method

Colorimetric or potentiometric titration of the aldehyde residues in polyaldehyde dextran by the hydroxylamine hydrochloride/sodium hydroxide method has been found to be a convenient and accurate method to determine formyl content. Nitrogen combustion analyses on the isolated oximes confirmed the titrametric results.