cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the swimming of a flexible body in a vortex street

We formulate a new theoretical model for the swimming of a flexible body in a vortex street. We consider the class of periodic travelling-wave body motions, in the limit of small amplitude. We calculate the output power provided to the body by thrust forces, and the input power done against pressure forces, as functions of the aspect ratio and strength of the vortex street. We then formulate two optimization problems. In the first, we determine the body wave which provides maximum output power for fixed amplitude. We find a closed-form solution with a transition from power law to exponential decay of output power as the vortex street widens. In the second problem, we incorporate internal viscoelasticity to the swimming body and compute its contribution to the input power. We find the body wave which maximizes efficiency for a given output power. The body shape and resulting efficiency are found in closed form and simple approximate formulas are given. We find that efficiency scales as the inverse of the damping parameter. Finally, we compare our results with previous experiments and simulations. We find agreement in some aspects and disagreement in others. We give physical interpretations for agreements and disagreements in terms of the phase between the body wave and vortex street.
Performance Efficiency of a Crash Energy Management System

Previous work has led to the development of a crash energy management (CEM) system designed to distribute crush throughout unoccupied areas of a passenger train in a collision event. This CEM system is comprised of crush zones at the front and rear ends of passenger railcars. With a consist made up of CEM-equipped cars, the structural crush due to a collision can be distributed along the length of the train, crushing only unoccupied areas and improving the train’s crashworthy speed as compared with a conventional train in a similar collision. This paper examines the effectiveness of one particular CEM system design for passenger rail cars. The operating parameters of the individual components of the CEM system are varied, and this paper analyzes the effects of these variations on the behavior of the consist during a collision. The intention is to determine what modifications to the components, if any, could improve the crashworthiness of passenger railcars beyond the baseline CEM design without introducing new hazards to passengers. A one-dimensional, lumped-mass model of a passenger train impacting a heavy freight train was used in this investigation. Using this model of a collision, the force-crush behavior for each end of each car in the impacting consist was varied. The same force-crush characteristic was applied to each car end on the passenger train. The four components of the CEM system investigated were the draft gear, pushback coupler, primary energy absorbers, and occupied volume of the train car. The paper presents selected parameters of particular interest, such as the strength ratio of the primary energy absorber to the pushback coupler and the average strength of the occupied volume. The objective of this work was to ascertain the sensitivities of the various parameters on the crashworthy speed and to help optimize the force-crush characteristic. This investigation determined that modifications could be made to the baseline characteristic to improve the train’s crashworthy speed without creating new hazards to occupants.
The indirect launch mode: A new launch technique for interplanetary missions

Abstract An indirect launch technique for interplanetary missions is described. With this scheme, the launch vehicle first places the spacecraft into a high-apogee “phasing orbit.” The spacecraft remains in this orbit until it attains a specified orientation with respect to its escape trajectory. When this occurs, a propulsion stage that is an integral part of the spacecraft is used to inject the spacecraft into the desired interplanetary trajectory. It is shown that the indirect launch technique has a number of important advantages over a conventional direct launch including a significant gain in delivered spacecraft weight, and an unconstrained launch window. For high-C3 missions, the increase in spacecraft weight is substantial.
Temperature response to increased rotational speeds

T HE TEMPERATURE in the pulp chamber must be maintained as close to normal as possible with increased rotational speeds and rapid removal of tooth structure. Air, water-air mixture, and water streams provide a variety of methods to control temperature. Although all are useful and effective, problems associated with cavity preparation are varied, and no one method of cooling is universally applicable. This is especially true when working indirectly on the upper dental arch where vision becomes a problem. The intelligent selection of a coolant to meet a particular situation will complement, rather than hinder, the operative procedure. Uncertain conclusions have been reported relative to temperature changes in the pulp chamber with increased rotational speeds. r-r0 This is especially true within the range of the ultra high speed instruments. Reported temperature changes vary from a few degrees to several hundred.3~5J’JOJs Th ese variations in temperature can be attributed to different speeds, loads, types of experimental equipment, in vivo or in vitro conditions, and method of placing and positioning the recording device. Some investigators r3 have reported that temperatures recorded in vital teeth were consistently lower than those in extracted teeth, while others8 maintained there was no significant difference. This study was undertaken to determine the temperature change within the pulp of teeth during clinical operative procedures while utilizing varying rotational speeds. The experimental program was carried out on vital teeth which were subsequently extracted for orthodontic or prosthodontic reasons.
Trifluralin concentration and the growth of Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae in liquid medium and soil

Abstract Certain plant pathogenic fungi can be used to control specific weeds and are known as mycoherbicides. Before mycoherbicides can be incorporated into a weed control program, the influence of chemical herbicides on the plant pathogen must be evaluated. Our purpose was to assess the effect of the herbicide trifluralin (2,6-dinitro- N , N -dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine) on the growth of the fungus Fusarium solani App. and Wr.f. sp. cucurbitae Snyd. and Hans. (FSC). In agar amended with formulated or technical trifluralin at concentrations up to 6000 and 500 μg ml −1 , respectively, FSC microconidia spore germination and germtube growth were suppressed. Spore germination and germtube growth suppression diminished from 8 to 24 h. Mycelial growth of FSC after 12 days was stimulated in medium containing formulated trifluralin at 2.5 and 10 μg a.i.ml −1 but was reduced at higher concentrations. In medium containing technical trifluralin, the mycelial growth was stimulated at concentrations from 0.5 to 50 μg ml −1 . The CO 2 evolution of FSC in autoclaved soil was also stimulated by trifluralin at 2.5 and 10 μg g −1 soil after 32 days of incubation. Trifluralin at rates of 1 and 2 μg g −1 increased the recovery of FSC, other soil fungi, and bacteria from the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of Texas gourd ( Cucurbita texana (A.) Gray) in trifluralin-treated soil. Results indicated that FSC spores would germinate and grow in the presence of both formulated and technical trifluralin, and that the fungus has the potential to be incorporated in a chemical weed control program.
The role of childhood parent figure loss in the etiology of adult depression: findings from a prospective longitudinal study

The underlying question of this study is whether childhood parental loss between infancy and sixth grade is a predictor of adult depression at age 26 years when a rating of loss severity is used. The loss rating considered the length of the separation/loss, the familiarity of substitute caregivers, the primary or supporting role of the lost parent figure, and traumatic features of the loss. The study also investigated the role of gender, developmental timing of the loss, life stress, SES, prior parental care and attachment history, and follow-up family relationships in the pathways between loss and depression. Results are reported from a prospective longitudinal study of children (N = 164) born into poverty. Measures were collected prenatally through age 26 years and included multiple methods and multiple reporters. Results indicated that the most robust predictor of adult depression was loss history between 5 years old and grade 2. Earlier and later measures of loss were not related to adult depression. However, intervening loss experiences predicted change in depression scores from childhood to adulthood. Loss continued to predict adult depression after controlling for SES, maternal life stress, participant life stress, gender, early caregiving, and follow up family functioning. This study found no significant gender differences. These results suggest that loss is a risk factor for adult depression for both boys and girls and that the quality of early and later caregiving do not entirely buffer children from the effects of parental loss.
Perceived Teacher Competencies: Need and Development

(1979). Perceived Teacher Competencies: Need and Development. Action in Teacher Education: Vol. 2, Evaluating Teacher Effectiveness, pp. 5-15.
Generalized Entropy-Based Weights for Multiattribute Value Models

The minimum discrimination information weights generalizes the entropy-based "nearly-equal" weights for additive multiattribute value models.
Risk Factors in the Outcome of Children with Minor Head Injury

A subset of children with minor head injury is known to develop serious neurological consequences, but identifying this subset has been difficult. In adults, multiple variables such as skull fracture,
Genetic reduction of noradrenergic function alters social memory and reduces aggression in mice.

Aberrant social behavior is a hallmark of many cognitive, mood, and neurological disorders, although the specific molecular mechanisms underlying the behavioral deficits are not well understood. The neurotransmitter noradrenaline (NA) has been implicated in some of these disorders, as well as in several aspects of social behavior in humans and animals. We tested dopamine β-hydroxylase knockout (Dbh −/−) mice that lack NA in various social behavior paradigms. Dbh −/− mice have relatively normal performance in the elevated plus maze, light/dark box, and open field test – three measures of anxiety – and a social recognition test. In contrast, Dbh −/− mice displayed a specific deficit in a social discrimination task and had a nearly complete absence of resident-intruder aggression. These results indicate that intact NA signaling is required for some types of social memory and aggression, but that a lack of NA does not greatly affect anxiety in mice. Further exploration of NA deficits in neurological disease may reveal mechanisms of aberrant social behavior.
The operator theory of the pseudo-inverse. II - Unbounded operators with arbitrary range.

Extension of pseudo-inverse operator theory to Hilbert space operators that are unbounded and have arbitrary range
Biologic and clinical significance of cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic abnormalities in benign and malignant cartilaginous lesions

Cartilaginous neoplasms are often histologically and therapeutically challenging. Predicting biologic behavior can be difficult. In this study, 120 nonneoplastic, benign, and malignant cartilaginous lesions from 103 patients were cytogenetically analyzed in a 6-year period after short-term culture. For selected cases, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques using chromosome-specific probes were performed on metaphase/interphase preparations and on paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Clonal abnormalities of chromosomes 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, and 12 were most frequently observed. Involvement of chromosomes 5, 8, and 12 may be etiologically significant because of the gene localizations for the human cartilage link protein, Langer-Giedion syndrome (a rare syndrome characterized by multiple exostoses), and type II collagen (a major component of normal cartilage) respectively, to these three chromosomes. That chromosome 7 abnormalities were observed only in malignant tumors is of diagnostic value. The identity of three marker chromosomes and the significance of trisomy 7 (a finding of controversial meaning), were determined with FISH. That the presence of chromosome aberrations and increasing histologic grade strongly correlated (p = 0.001) is of prognostic importance. Moreover, complex aberrations were observed nearly exclusively in high-grade tumors (p = 0.001). The data show that nonrandom chromosome loci are aberrantly affected in cartilaginous lesions and that these abnormalities may be of significant histopathogenetic consequence. In addition, these chromosome abnormalities appear to be diagnostically and prognostically valuable in classifying and grading chondromatous neoplasms.
ZIC2 and Sp3 repress Sp1-induced activation of the human D1A dopamine receptor gene.

The human D1A dopamine receptor is transcribed from a tissue-specific regulated gene under the control of two promoters. An activator region (AR1) located between nucleotides −1154 and −1136 (relative to the first ATG) enhances transcription from the upstream promoter that is active in the brain. In this investigation, we sought to identify the nuclear factors that regulate the D1A gene through their binding to AR1 using yeast one-hybrid screening. Sp3 and Zic2 were among the positive clones isolated. Although Sp1 was not isolated from this screening and purified Sp1 alone does not bind to AR1 in gel shift experiments, this general transcription factor binds to AR1 in the presence ofD1A expressing NS20Y nuclear extract and activates the D1A promoter. Thus, Sp1 appears to require an unknown factor(s) or post-translational modification to interact with AR1. On the other hand, Zic2 and Sp3 inhibit Sp1-induced activation of the D1A gene in an AR1-dependent manner. Zic2 and D1A genes have reciprocal brain regional distributions; Zic2 is expressed primarily in the cerebellum, and D1A is highly expressed in corpus striatum. These observations collectively suggest that one of the physiologic functions of Zic2 is repression ofD1A gene transcription and that the intracellular balance among Sp1, Sp3 and Zic2 is important for regulating the tissue-specific expression of this dopamine receptor.
Lipoprotein lipase-derived fatty acids: Physiology and dysfunction

Under normal circumstances, most energy substrate used for heart contraction derives from fatty acids in the form of nonesterified fatty acids bound to albumin or fatty acids derived from lipolysis of lipoprotein-bound triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase (LpL). By creating LpL knockout mice (hLpL0), we learned that loss of cardiac LpL leads to myocardial dysfunction; therefore, neither nonesterified fatty acids nor increased glucose metabolism can replace LpL actions. hLpL0 mice do not survive abdominal aortic constriction and they develop more heart failure with hypertension. Conversely, we created a mouse overexpressing cardiomyocyte-anchored LpL. This transgene produced cardiac lipotoxicity and dilated cardiomyopathy. Methods to alter this phenotype and the causes of other models of lipotoxicity are currently being studied and will provide further insight into the physiology of lipid metabolism in the heart.
Approximate reasoning for falsework safety assessment

Abstract Falsework-related problems have increasingly become a major public concern. These problems are often expressed subjectively in linguistic terms. This paper discusses the use of non-deterministic analysis based on approximate reasoning for assessing falsework safety. Mathematical and graphical models are presented using fuzzy set and fuzzy logic concepts. The order of importance of fuzzy probability determines the criticality of significant event combinations that have the potential to cause the falsework to fail. The methods developed herein may be used as a tool to construct quality control measures to minimize falsework failures. A case study is presented.
Recent Research and Future Challenges in the Simulation of Hydraulic Seals

Recent numerical simulation results of hydraulic rod seals are reviewed. These include steady-state simulations of U-cup seals. Challenges for future research are discussed.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Design and Compliance Testing of a SiGe WCDMA Receiver IC With Integrated Analog Baseband

A 2.7-3.3 V 32-mA SiGe direct-conversion wide-band code division multiple access (WCDMA) receiver IC integrating the RF front-end and analog baseband on a single chip has been completed and measured. Analog performance specifications for the design were driven by the 3GPP specifications. To close the loop from 3GPP specifications to IC design specifications to hardware performance results, a subset of compliance tests for both the analog as well as the digital 3GPP specifications was performed. The IC design includes a bypassable low-noise amplifier (LNA), a quadrature direct-downconverter, an automatically tuned channel-select filter, wide dynamic-range baseband amplifiers, and a serial digital interface. Power-saving modes allow the LNA to be powered down when the input signal is sufficiently large, reducing current consumption to 23 mA. In addition, the entire Q-channel signal path can be optionally powered down during control-channel monitoring, further reducing current draw to 17 mA nominal. The IC showed full compliance with the static channel 3GPP specification tests performed, including all analog/RF compliance tests and a set of DPCH/spl I.bar/Ec/Ior sensitivity tests from 12.2 through 384 kb/s as measured with a software baseband processor.
Bringing hotels to healthcare: a Rx for success.

Abstract The field of medical tourism has grown and developed over the last ten years into a popular option for having a medical procedure done. Continuing success is expected, and becoming involved with medical tourism appears to be an excellent way for the hotel industry to differentiate their services. By integrating a medical tourism program into an existing hotel company's services, both aspects of the partnership will build off of the other's success and create a new and exciting travel experience. A joint partnership between a medical facility and a luxury hotel would enjoy abounding success in this new and exhilarating market.
Use of zinc as a treatment for traumatic brain injury in the rat: effects on cognitive and behavioral outcomes.

Background. While treatments for the behavioral deficits associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are currently limited, animal models suggest that zinc supplementation may increase resilience to TBI. Objective. This work tests the hypothesis that zinc supplementation after TBI can be used as treatment to improve behavioral outcomes such as anxiety, depression, and learning and memory. Methods. TBI was induced by controlled cortical impact to the medial frontal cortex. After TBI, rats were fed either a zinc adequate (ZA, 30 ppm) or zinc supplemented (ZS, 180 ppm) diet. Additional rats in each dietary group (ZA or ZS) were given a single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of zinc (30 mg/kg) 1 hour following injury. Results. Brain injury resulted in significant increases in anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors as well as impairments in learning and memory. None of the zinc treatments (dietary or ip zinc) improved TBI-induced anxiety. The 2-bottle saccharin preference test for anhedonia revealed that d...
I—Tim Maudlin: Time, Topology and Physical Geometry

The standard mathematical account of the sub-metrical geometry of a space employs topology, whose foundational concept is the open set. This proves to be an unhappy choice for discrete spaces, and offers no insight into the physical origin of geometrical structure. I outline an alternative, the Theory of Linear Structures, whose foundational concept is the line. Application to Relativistic space-time reveals that the whole geometry of space-time derives from temporal structure. In this sense, instead of spatializing time, Relativity temporalizes space.
School Principals’ Perceptions of Students Walking and Bicycling to School

Background. The purpose was to identify presence of restrictive policies, frequency of active commuting to school, beliefs of childhood health and perceived enabling and restrictive factors with regard to students walking/bicycling to school as observed by elementary and middle school principals. Methods. The study used a non-experimental quantitative survey research method. The census consisted of all public and private, elementary and middle schools in three counties in a Midwestern region (n=96). Results. A total of 71 principals completed the survey (74% response rate). Analyses indicated that the actual number of students walking/bicycling to school did not significantly differ between schools with a restrictive policy and schools with no restrictive policy. Overall, the actual number of students walking/bicycling to school was largely underestimated by principals. In addition, principals at schools with higher walking/bicycling rates were significantly more likely to report that students should consider walking/bicycling if residing within one mile, had significantly more enabling environments, and had significantly less restrictive environments.
Subdomain testing of units and systems with state

This paper extends basic software-testing theory to software components and adds explicit state to the theory. The resulting theory is simple enough to abstractly model the construction of systems from their parts ('units'). It provides an unconventional insight into the relationship between testing units and testing systems. Experiments exploring the theory support the following conclusions: Units should be independent, more like what are called "components" than subroutines or object-oriented classes.Units' persistent state should be local.Units should be extensively tested..A new kind of system testing is proposed: Unit-test results are combined to approximate the system behavior. Testing the approximation is cheaper and easier than testing the actual system and more likely to expose system problems.
T-wave alternans and the confounding role of the T-wave amplitude

The interpretation of the electrocardiogram (ECG) T-wave alternans (TWA) as positive or negative depends on its magnitude, regardless whether the frequency domain or the time domain analysis is employed. The author argues that a number of cardiac and extracardiac influences can confound the magnitude of TWA. The amplitude of the ECG T waves, considered in the measurement/calculation of TWA, and possibly myocardial edema are examples of cardiac influences. Peripheral edema with its effect in attenuating the amplitude of all components of the ECG, including the T waves, is an example of extracardiac influence. Another concern is the variation in the evolution of the T-wave amplitudes during the 3- to 6-month period after an acute myocardial infarction, and whether such variation confounds the results of the TWA testing, which often is undertaken at that time bracket. The T-wave amplitude changes may impact the sensitivity and specificity of TWA testing after an acute myocardial infarction. Perhaps the measured TWA magnitude should be adjusted to the amplitude of the T waves or voltage-time integral of the J-T interval, depending on the method used for the calculation of TWA. These issues need to be considered and investigated in an effort to render TWA testing more reliable in predicting sudden cardiac death.
Compensation of time-varying input delay for nonlinear systems

We consider general nonlinear systems with time-varying input delay for which we design a predictor-based feedback controller. Under the assumptions of forward completeness of the open-loop system and the existence of a (possibly time-varying) stabilizing controller, in the absence of the input delay, our controller achieves global asymptotic stability in the presence of a time-varying input delay. We prove asymptotic stability based on a backstepping transformation which enables us to construct a Lyapunov functional. Our design is illustrated by a numerical example of a second order system.
Nuclear data needs within the US Nuclear Criticality Safety Program

This paper will present the nuclear data needs currently identified within the US Nuclear Criticality Safety Program (NCSP). It will identify the priority data needs; it will describe the process of prioritizing those needs; and it will provide brief examples of recent data advances which have successfully addressed some of the priority criticality safety data needs.
Electric and magnetic antennas as REAL transmission lines in plasma and the miracle of self-focusing of whistler mode propagation

When one considers the losses in an antenna impedance measurement of the Very-low Frequency RPI experiment in space mostly caused by local electrons and ions flowing into the antenna and the spacecraft, instead of radiation, because these losses were non-linear with voltage, and can explain the excellent recordings of multi-bounce whistler mode echoes as self-focused in spite of low power, the search for new antenna configurations is required if high-power transmission is necessary. Understanding the antenna in plasma as a real transmission line, leads to a magnetic-electric antenna, end-loaded with capacity.
Feasibility study for SOFC-GT hybrid locomotive power: Part I. Development of a dynamic 3.5 MW SOFC-GT FORTRAN model

Abstract This work presents the development of a dynamic SOFC-GT hybrid system model applied to a long-haul freight locomotive in operation. Given the expectations of the rail industry, the model is used to develop a preliminary analysis of the proposed system’s operational capability on conventional diesel fuel as well as natural gas and hydrogen as potential fuels in the future. It is found that operation of the system on all three of these fuels is feasible with favorable efficiencies and reasonable dynamic response. The use of diesel fuel reformate in the SOFC presents a challenge to the electrochemistry, especially as it relates to control and optimization of the fuel utilization in the anode compartment. This is found to arise from the large amount of carbon monoxide in diesel reformate that is fed to the fuel cell, limiting the maximum fuel utilization possible. This presents an opportunity for further investigations into carbon monoxide electrochemical oxidation and/or system integration studies where the efficiency of the fuel reformer can be balanced against the needs of the SOFC.
Multi-UAV dynamic routing with partial observations using restless bandit allocation indices

Motivated by the type of missions currently performed by unmanned aerial vehicles, we investigate a discrete dynamic vehicle routing problem with a potentially large number of targets and vehicles. Each target is modeled as an independent two-state Markov chain, whose state is not observed if the target is not visited by some vehicle. The goal for the vehicles is to collect rewards obtained when they visit the targets in a particular state. This problem can be seen as a type of restless bandits problem with partial information. We compute an upper bound on the achievable performance and obtain in closed form an index policy proposed by Whittle. Simulation results provide evidence for the outstanding performance of this index heuristic and for the quality of the upper bound.
Detection of pneumonia using free-text radiology reports in the BioSense system.

Abstract Objective Near real-time disease detection using electronic data sources is a public health priority. Detecting pneumonia is particularly important because it is the manifesting disease of several bioterrorism agents as well as a complication of influenza, including avian and novel H1N1 strains. Text radiology reports are available earlier than physician diagnoses and so could be integral to rapid detection of pneumonia. We performed a pilot study to determine which keywords present in text radiology reports are most highly associated with pneumonia diagnosis. Design Electronic radiology text reports from 11 hospitals from February 1, 2006 through December 31, 2007 were used. We created a computerized algorithm that searched for selected keywords (“airspace disease”, “consolidation”, “density”, “infiltrate”, “opacity”, and “pneumonia”), differentiated between clinical history and radiographic findings, and accounted for negations and double negations; this algorithm was tested on a sample of 350 radiology reports. We used the algorithm to study 189,246 chest radiographs, searching for the keywords and determining their association with a final International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnosis of pneumonia. Measurements Performance of the search algorithm in finding keywords, and association of the keywords with a pneumonia diagnosis. Results In the sample of 350 radiographs, the search algorithm was highly successful in identifying the selected keywords (sensitivity 98.5%, specificity 100%). Analysis of the 189,246 radiographs showed that the keyword “pneumonia” was the strongest predictor of an ICD-9-CM diagnosis of pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio 11.8) while “density” was the weakest (adjusted odds ratio 1.5). In general, the most highly associated keyword present in the report, regardless of whether a less highly associated keyword was also present, was the best predictor of a diagnosis of pneumonia. Conclusion Empirical methods may assist in finding radiology report keywords that are most highly predictive of a pneumonia diagnosis.
Imaging of Bariatric Surgery: Normal Anatomy and Postoperative Complications

This article reviews the most commonly performed bariatric procedures, the normal imaging findings at fluoroscopic upper gastrointestinal examinations and CT, and the role of imaging studies for detecting complications associated with these procedures.
Schizotaxia revisited: model issues in the etiology of schizophrenia.

Book reviewed in this article: Recent studies of the genetics of schizophrenia have strengthened constitutional conceptions of its etiology. In this view, environmental influences are seen as having only a moderating role in the production of deviant developmental outcomes. An alternative transactional developmental model is suggested, which makes the assumption of a specifically schizophrenic genotype unnecessary.
Transformer structure and its effects on common mode EMI noise in isolated power converters

This paper investigates the effects of transformer structure and parasitic on common mode (CM) EMI noise of isolated power converters. Study on typical transformer winding structures indicates that the distribution of inter-winding capacitances and the distribution of voltage potentials on windings are the two critical factors that determine the CM noise levels of the converter in switching frequency ranges. CM noise reduction methods by improving the transformer structure and by compensation are proposed. At high frequencies, leakage inductances of the transformer resonate with the inter-winding capacitances or the junction capacitances of the secondary side switches. It may result in severe high frequency CM noise peaks. Methods of controlling such peaks are also discussed.
A Qualitative Analysis of Counseling Case Material Listening to Our Clients

In this article, the case vignettes and discussants’ reactions from the series entitled “Getting Down to Cases” from the Career Development Quarterly were analyzed to identify themes pertaining to the overlap between work and interpersonal relationships. The most common theme, which was found in more than 50% of the cases, was the expression of interest on the part of the discussants for further information on the relationship lives of the clients. Other variant themes (i.e., themes that were identified in less than 50% but more than two of the cases) identified four areas pertaining to (a) the function of relational support in career development, (b) the motivational and conflictual nature of the work-relationship overlap, (c) the complexity of family roles in career decision making and work-based settings, and (d) the social and economic influences of the work/relationship interface. These findings were discussed in light of current theory and research.
Gender Differences In Reaction To The Compromising Of Ethical Integrity And Shared Values

While marketing firms, and the related marketing literature, have devoted a great deal of attention to the cultivation of relationships between companies or organizations and their consumers/supporters, the issue of relationship dissolution has been largely neglected by comparison. The present study is an attempt to address this neglect by bringing into focus certain factors that may contribute to the dissolution of strong relationships between organizations and their supporters. In particular, this study will examine gender differences in the dissolution of such relationships.
Entity Linking on Microblogs with Spatial and Temporal Signals

Microblogs present an excellent opportunity for monitoring and analyzing world happenings. Given that words are often ambiguous, entity linking becomes a crucial step towards understanding microblogs. In this paper, we re-examine the problem of entity linking on microblogs. We first observe that spatiotemporal ( i.e. , spatial and temporal) signals play a key role, but they are not utilized in existing approaches. Thus, we propose a novel entity linking framework that incorporates spatiotemporal signals through a weakly supervised process. Using entity annotations ( Can be downloaded at http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/downloads/84ac9d88-c353-4059-97a4-87d129db0464/ ) on real-world data, our experiments show that the spatiotemporal model improves F1 by more than 10 points over existing systems. Finally, we present a qualitative study to visualize the effectiveness of our approach.
Intermediary Metabolism of Ergot XIII Feather Ergot, a New, Promising Claviceps Species

AbstractSince our studies on the official rye Ergot, so far, have demonstrated only slight pharmaceutical-industrial potential, we have searched all over the world for new Ergot specimens with which we might experience greater success.
Sovereignty Online: Learning from Spatial Theory and the Chinese Case

This paper proposes several ways in which the theory and operationalization of sovereignty in the study of international relations is complicated by the transnational nature of the internet and the architecture of online networks themselves. Basing the analysis in theories of space drawn from critical theory, it analyzes which aspects of sovereignty are more or less affected by internet use, arguing that theories of social space can inform concepts of territoriality in IR. The paper uses the Chinese case as an example throughout, illustrating that existing practices of government and societal actors inside and outside China represent a constantly shifting field for understanding political territoriality in the era of widespread internet use.
Circadian rhythms and patterns of performance before and after simulated jet lag

We have developed a rhesus monkey model that enables us to investigate physiological rhythms and circadian effects on performance in an integrated framework. Monkeys worked for 8 h/day on a two-component task (a vigilance trial followed by a discrimination trial) for their daily food aliquot. Concurrently, we recorded activity and temperature rhythms around the clock. To test the model, we studied rhythms and performance during entrainment to a 24-h light cycle and after a 6-h phase advance. Results from this animal model displayed many of the essential characteristics seen in similar human experiments. During stable entrainment, temperature rhythms reached their maximum amplitude in late afternoon, with activity rhythms reaching their maximum amplitude several hours earlier. Performance exhibited consistent task-dependent variations over the course of daily sessions. Speed of discrimination performance was fastest at the beginning of the session, and speed of vigilance performance was fastest several hours later. After a 6-h phase advance, monkeys exhibited transient internal desynchrony with activity resynchronizing faster than temperature. Both vigilance and discrimination were impaired after the phase shift, with vigilance exhibiting larger-magnitude and longer-lasting impairments than discrimination. A second drop in performance was seen 10-14 days after the phase shift. These data replicate and extend earlier work in humans and show that this model can be used in the study of chronobiological questions that would be too expensive or too impractical to do with humans.
Air-Cooled Heat Exchanger for High-Temperature Power Electronics

This work demonstrates a direct air-cooled heat exchanger strategy for high-temperature power electronic devices with an application specific to automotive traction drive inverters. We present experimental heat dissipation and system pressure curves versus flow rate for baseline and optimized sub-module assemblies containing two ceramic resistance heaters that provide device heat fluxes. The maximum allowable junction temperature was set to 150°C, 175°C, and 200°C. Results were extrapolated to the inverter scale and combined with balance-of-inverter components to estimate inverter power density and specific power.
Under Bump Metallization Development for High Sn Solders

Several under bump metallisation (UBM) schemes using Ni or CuNi alloys as the solderable layer were investigated. Cr or Ti was used as the adhesion layer. The UBM pads of different compositions were sputter deposited on silicon wafers and patterned using standard photolithographic processes. Eutectic Sn-Pb solder balls were reflowed on top of the pads. The resulting interfacial microstructures were examined by SEMIEDX analysis of cross-sectioned samples. The integrity of the UBMIsolder interface was characterized by micromechanical shear testing of flip chip test samples. Growth of intermetallic layers was found to be significantly slower in Ni and CuNi schemes compared to pure Cu. The joints on Ni and CuNi had also a better adhesion at the UBM/solder interface, and in the shear tests the fracture occurred through the solder
A curvilinear Boussinesq model and its application

In this paper, a curvilinear Boussinesq model is further improved in order to be used in more practical applications. Firstly, the energy dissipation due to wave breaking is considered by introducing an eddy viscosity term into momentum equations. Secondly, the slot technique is introduced into the curvilinear model for simulations of wave run-up/run-down in swash zones. Thirdly, Smagorinsky subgrid lateral turbulent mixing is utilized to account for the effect of the resultant eddy viscosity on the wave-generated underlying flow, in addition, a TMA spectral wave maker is implemented in the model for simulations of irregular waves. Finally, the model is used to simulate wave propagation in Ponce de Leon Inlet. Model/data comparisons show the fully nonlinear Boussinesq model give accurate results for nonlinear wave transformation over irregular bathymetry. It is also shown that the curvilinear model is an efficient model for wave computations in large computational regions with complex geometry.
Flow of a Newtonian Fluid between Eccentric Rotating Cylinders and Related Problems

An incompressible Newtonian fluid is contained in the annular region between two infinite cylinders, one or both of which rotate with constant angular velocities about their respective axes. The first-order inertial correction to the forces exerted by the fluid on the cylinders is obtained in explicit algebraic form. The results are applied to the related problem in which the inner cylinder executes a planetary motion about the axis of the outer cylinder. They are also applied to the problem of the transverse sedimentation of a long cylinder in a half space of fluid bounded by a rigid wall. Certain anomalies which arise in this case are noted.
Conveying Mineral Interests--Mastering the Problem Areas

I. !NTRODUCTION When Justice Benjamin Cardozo first analogized the ownership of property interests to the ownership of a bundle of sticks, l it is unlikely he was thinking specifically about the severed mineral estate. Nonetheless, Justice Cardozo's quaint aphorism is an appropriate way to begin a dis­ cussion of the conveyancing issues which arise with the mineral estate because of the seemingly infinite variety of ways the fee simple absolute owner of a mineral estate can convey parts of the estate..She can divide the mineral estate not only into its component parts but also into any of the recognized estates, either legal or equitable, that have been developed since the feudal beginning of modem property law. One of the universal objectives of real property conveyancing rules is that courts will attempt to reach results which ensure title certainty. But at times, courts in Texas and Oklahoma pay little heed to this objec­ tive. The following discussion highlights inconsistencies, failures to fol­ low or distinguish prior case law, and applications of conflicting canons of construction in one small area ofconveyancing-the division of a min­ eral estate into its component elements. II. THE CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS
The Way of Nature and Mind as Aspect and Perspective

Any philosophical tradition is a combination of two elements: The first is the set of presuppositions as to the ways of the world and human awareness in it and of it. These presuppositions provide the contexts for the interpretations and explanations of experience. The second element, though related to and inseparable from the first, is not synonymous with it and consists of the philosophizing processes and methods which develop within these presuppositions and reflect their applications. The relating of these two elements is a tradition’s life force.
Azimuthal current density distribution resulting from a power feed vacuum gap in metallic liner experiments at 1 MA

We present a study investigating the distribution of current density in solid, metallic liners directly relevant to the MagLIF approach to fusion. Here, the liner thickness is large compared to the collisionless skin depth, and a vacuum gap is introduced in the power feed to simulate the load method on the Z machine at Sandia Laboratories. We present optical emission data along with a 3D magnetic field mapping method from aluminum liner loads on the 1 MA, 100ns COBRA generator.
Comparison of Resource Utilization in Children Discharged Versus Children That Remain Hospitalized Following Chemotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Treatment for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) involves multiple courses of intensive chemotherapy leading to prolonged neutropenia with substantive infection risks. Patients are typically hospitalized at each course for the duration of chemotherapy and associated marrow aplasia. Evaluations of early discharge and outpatient supportive care in adult AML patients demonstrate comparable mortality and shorter lengths of stay compared to standard discharge. Similar data in the pediatric setting are limited. We used data from the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) to evaluate course-specific mortality and resource utilization in AML patients who were discharged prior to count recovery relative to comparable patients who remained hospitalized. We used a cohort of children treated for new onset AML at children9s hospitals in the US contributing to PHIS. Analyses were restricted to patients considered eligible for discharge prior to count recovery. Patients were categorized at each course as early or standard discharge. Discharges within 3 days after chemotherapy completion were considered “early”. Course-specific follow-up started on the last day of chemotherapy and continued until the earliest of: start of the subsequent course, death, or 50 days after commencement of chemotherapy. Resource utilization was determined based on daily billing data and reported as days of use per 100 hospital days. Case fatality rates and duration of hospitalization were compared using chi-square and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Poisson regression with inpatient days as offset was used to compare resource use by discharge status. The study population included 996 patients representing 2358 courses. Fewer patients were discharged early following Induction I (7%) compared to subsequent courses (22-24%). Rates of early discharge varied greatly by hospital ranging from 0% to 100%. Across courses, patients discharged early experienced 8-12 fewer inpatient days (all p 90%. Case fatality rates were low across courses (0-1.3%) and did not differ significantly by discharge status. However, more early discharge patients required ICU level care at each course (7.2-18.1%) compared to standard discharge patients (2.0%-8.7%; all p The data suggest a similar overall survival and shorter hospitalization following early compared to standard discharge. However, based on increased rates of vasopressor and antibiotic use, early discharge patients may be at greater risk for life-threatening chemotherapy-related infectious complications. 1 adjusted for age, race, sex, and insurance status; *statistically significant Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
CATION FLUX ACROSS THE MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE AS A POSSIBLE PACEMAKER OF TISSUE METABOLISM

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on number of cations and anions that are transported across the mitochondrial membrane. The accumulation of calcium by some intact cellular preparations has very similar characteristics to that of the mitochondrial accumulation of calcium. In an experiment described in the chapter, a nonenergy-dependent anion exchange existed between an external phosphate and internal acetate, leading to the precipitation of the calcium within the mitochondria. Mitochondrial swelling, under same circumstances at least, is an osmotic phenomenon. Under appropriate conditions, an alteration in ionic fluxes across the mitochondrial membrane can lead to significant changes in electron transport and Krebs cycle activity and can serve a pacemaker function in metabolism.