cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generic Matrix Multiplication for Multi-GPU Accelerated Distributed-Memory Platforms over PaRSEC

This paper introduces a generic and flexible matrix- matrix multiplication algorithm C = A × B for state-of-the-art computing platforms. Typically, these platforms are distributed- memory machines whose nodes are equipped with several ac- celerators. To the best of our knowledge, SLATE [9] is the only library that provides a publicly available implementation on such platforms, and it is currently limited to problem instances where the C matrix can entirely fit in the memory of the GPU accelera- tors. Our algorithm relies on the classical tile-based outer-product algorithm, but enhances it with several control dependencies to increase data re-use and to optimize communication flow from/to the accelerators within each node. The algorithm is written with the PARSEC runtime system, which allows for a fast and generic implementation, while achieving close-to-peak performance.
The new American farmer: immigration, race, and the struggle for sustainability: by Laura-Anne Minkoff-Zern, Cambridge, MIT Press, 2019, 216 pp., ISBN 9780262537834

The New American Farmer is the first book from Laura-Anne Minkoff-Zern, an assistant professor in food studies at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University. It fol...
Atrial Tachycardia in a Patient with Congenital Heart Disease

We present a case of atrial flutter in a patient post Mustard atrial switch for d-TGA. The approach to arrhythmias following such surgery is discussed in detail.
Electronic Cigarette (e-cigarette) Use and Frequency of Asthma Symptoms in Adult Asthmatics in California

Electronic cigarettes use is increasing in the United States. One motive for e-cigarette’s popularity is that they wean from combustible cigarettes. Smokers perceive electronic cigarette products a...
Embryos from polycystic ovary syndrome patients with hyperandrogenemia reach morula stage faster than controls.

Objective To investigate if patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have altered embryo morphokinetics when compared with controls. Design Retrospective cohort analysis. Setting Single academic fertility clinic in a tertiary hospital setting. Patient(s) Age- and body mass index–matched patients who underwent in vitro fertilization diagnosed with PCOS using the Rotterdam criteria. A subanalysis was performed on patients with PCOS with hyperandrogenemia. Sixty-four patients with PCOS were identified with 990 embryos that were matched with 64 control patients with 628 embryos. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Time to blastulation. Result(s) Embryos from women with PCOS displayed faster growth rate at t7, t8, and t9; all other morphokinetic points were similar. Patients with PCOS also had a higher number of oocytes retrieved. No differences were seen in the fertilization rate or blastulation rate. Patients with PCOS had a higher miscarriage rate (38.1% in PCOS vs. 18.8% in controls). Patients with hyperandrogenic PCOS showed a faster growth rate at t5, t6, t7, t8, t9, and morula. Conclusion(s) Embryos from women with PCOS grew faster until 9-cell stage and women with hyperandrogenic PCOS until morula. Patients with PCOS also showed a higher miscarriage rate. The alterations in early embryo development are consistent with altered fertility and obstetric outcomes in the population with PCOS and may be due to the hyperandrogenic microenvironment in the ovarian follicle.
LC-MS based stability-indicating method for studying the degradation of lonidamine under physical and chemical stress conditions

Background and purpose: Lonidamine is a hexokinase II inhibitor, works as an anticancer molecule, and is extensively explored in clinical trials. Limited information prevails about the stability-indicating methods which could determine the forced degradation of lonidamine under stressed conditions. Hence, we report the use of a rapid, sensitive, reproducible, and highly accurate liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry method to analyze lonidamine degradation. Experimental approach: The Xbridge BEH shield reverse phase C18 column (2.5 µm, 4.6 × 75 mm) using isocratic 50:50 water: acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid can detect lonidamine with help of mass spectrometer in tandem with an ultraviolet (UV) detector at 260 nm wavelength. Findings/ Results: A linear curve with r² > 0.99 was obtained for tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-UV based detections. This study demonstrated (in the present set up of isocratic elution) that LC-MS based detection has a relatively high sensitivity (S/N (10 ng/mL): 220 and S/N (20 ng/mL): 945) and accuracy at lower detection and quantitation levels, respectively. In addition to developing the LC-MS method, we also report that the current method is stability-indicating and shows that lonidamine gets degraded over time under all three stress conditions; acidic, basic, and oxidative. Conclusion and implications: LC-MS based quantitation of lonidamine proved to be a better method compared to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV detections for mapping lonidamine degradation. This is the first report on the stability-indicating method for studying the forced degradation of lonidamine using LC-MS method..
Age-related calcium dysregulation linked with tau pathology and impaired cognition in non-human primates

Introduction The etiology of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires non-genetically modified animal models. Methods The relationship of tau phosphorylation to calcium-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) dysregulation was analyzed in aging rhesus macaque dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and rat primary cortical neurons using biochemistry and immuno-electron microscopy. The influence of calcium leak from ryanodine receptors (RyRs) on neuronal firing and cognitive performance was examined in aged macaques. Results Aged monkeys naturally develop hyperphosphorylated tau, including AD biomarkers (AT8 (pS202/pT205) and pT217) and early tau pathology markers (pS214 and pS356) that correlated with evidence of increased calcium leak (pS2808-RyR2). Calcium also regulated early tau phosphorylation in vitro. Age-related reductions in the calcium-binding protein, calbindin, and in phosphodiesterase PDE4D were seen within dlPFC pyramidal cell dendrites. Blocking RyRs with S107 improved neuronal firing and cognitive performance in aged macaques. Discussion Dysregulated calcium signaling confers risk for tau pathology and provides a potential therapeutic target.
The dilemma of soaking a hydraulically fractured horizontal shale well prior to flowback – A decade literature review

Abstract Water soaking a horizontal shale well is a practice whereby operators in shale gas and oil production shut-in a well after a multistage hydraulic fracture treatment. By this practice, it is expected that production volumes will increase when the well is eventually opened to flow. However, there is currently no consensus on the benefits derived from this procedure. This is due to limited understanding of the subsurface mechanisms during the soaking period and their effect on both short- and long-term productivity. Also, the duration of soaking is currently chosen arbitrarily. This study reviews a decade of research (2010–2020 including January–February of 2021) in the subject area. Focus is placed on subsurface mechanisms during soaking, the fate of water-based hydraulic fracture fluids, and production performance of wells which have experienced soaking. Models describing production performance from soaking are presented and compared. It became evident from the reviewed works that the performance of soaking is affected by several factors of which soaking duration and water imbibition are the most significant. These factors can be grouped largely into fracture fluid properties, formation related parameters and operational procedures. The story of each well or field would need to be told separately when discussing soaking performace. At the same time, varying statements between operators and researchers regarding the benefits of soaking need not be considered contradictory but should be looked at on case-by-case basis. This review does not make a choice on whether to soak a well or not—it rather provides readers with research progress for the past ten years on the subject. It further narrows in on key parameters to focus on in evaluating the option to soak a well. Research directions that can contribute to the topic are also provided.
Rescaling Biology: Increasing Integration Across Biological Scales and Subdisciplines to Enhance Understanding and Prediction.

The organization of the living world covers a vast range of spatiotemporal scales, from molecules to the biosphere, seconds to centuries. Biologists working within specialized subdisciplines tend to focus on different ranges of scales. Therefore, developing frameworks that enable testing questions and predictions of scaling require sufficient understanding of complex processes across biological subdisciplines and spatiotemporal scales. Frameworks that enable scaling across subdisciplines would ideally allow us to test hypotheses about the degree to which explicit integration across spatiotemporal scales is needed for predicting the outcome of biological processes. For instance, how does genomic variation within populations allow us to explain community structure? How do the dynamics of cellular metabolism translate to our understanding of whole-ecosystem metabolism? Do patterns and processes operate seamlessly across biological scales, or are there fundamental laws of biological scaling that limit our ability to make predictions from one scale to another? Similarly, can sub-organismal structures and processes be sufficiently understood in isolation of potential feedbacks from the population, community, or ecosystem levels? And can we infer the sub-organismal processes from data on the population, community, or ecosystem scale? Concerted efforts to develop more cross-disciplinary frameworks will open doors to a more fully integrated field of biology. In this paper we discuss how we might integrate across scales, specifically by 1. Identifying scales and boundaries, 2. Determining analogous units and processes across scales, 3. Developing frameworks to unite multiple scales, and 4. Extending frameworks to new empirical systems.
A Distributed Academic Cloud and Virtual Laboratories for Information Technology Education and Research

This paper describes the development of an Academic Cloud and hands-on virtual laboratories that run on this cloud. The system has been deployed by the University of South Carolina, Stanly Community College, and the Network Development Group. The Academic Cloud provides remote-access capability to laboratory equipment via the Internet and seamlessly pools and shares resources (CPU, memory, storage) from four data centers. The data centers are located in South Carolina, North Carolina, Illinois, and Idaho. The virtual laboratories are disseminated via workshops that are organized by the project team. In one year, the Academic Cloud has served over 100,000 learners. Based on input from workshops’ participants who used the platform, the quality of the Academic Cloud and virtual laboratories have exceeded initial expectation.
Virtual Commemoration of the Life of Akito Arima

Akito Arima passed away on 6 December 2020, after a remarkable life spanning 90 years. On 8 April 2021, a large international group of scientists, and other friends of Akito Arima, met on a two hou...
Profiling Lexical Frame Use in NSF Grant Proposal Abstracts

Abstract Grant proposals seeking research funding represent a high-stakes written academic register for professional scholars. Unfortunately, limited research has been undertaken to inform the productive knowledge required to write quality grant proposals. The little research that exists centers on the broader rhetorical features of the proposals while ignoring their component linguistic features. Among these linguistic features are lexical frames, or discontinuous word sequences (e.g. the * of the). Lexical frames are phraseological building blocks required for constructing the broader rhetorical features of grant proposals. For this reason, investigating lexical frame use in grant proposals is helpful for further informing productive knowledge related to writing quality grant proposals. The purpose of this study is to profile lexical frame use in National Science Foundation grant proposal abstracts, which serve as public-facing documents used to justify continued dispersal of federal research funds in the Untied States. This is done by following a frame-first approach to comprehensively analyze frequently occurring four-word lexical frames in a corpus of NSF grant proposal abstracts. Results indicate a few general characteristics connected to lexical frame use in NSF abstracts. First, many of the frames exhibit fixed variability in addition to being either unpredictable or highly unpredictable. Furthermore, there are relatively few function word frames (e.g. the * of this) when compared to content word based frames (e.g. goal * this project) and verb based frames (e.g. the * will be). Finally, the majority of frames are functionally referential while there are very few discourse organizing frames. These characteristics are attributable to the short length of the abstracts as well as the fact that the abstracts exhibit a relatively small set of rhetorical moves.
Elementary Schoolteachers’ Bilingual Development Beliefs and English Learners’ English Reading Comprehension Achievement

AbstractResearch on elementary schoolteachers’ beliefs about dual language development and its relation to English learners’ (ELs) achievement is scant, despite the increasing representation of ELs...
Fabrication of Borosilicate glass surface waveguides using a pulsed CO 2 Laser

A novel and a fast method for writing surface waveguides on borosilicate glass entirely using pulsed CO 2 laser is presented. Insertion loss of around 8.4dB at 640nm and 17.6dB at 1530nm is observed. A number of waveguides can be fabricated in matter of minutes.
A Method to Increase the Accuracy of Moire Method

The accuracy of Moire method depends on the number of fringes that define the displacement field of the model. Fringe density can be increased without using fine grids by introducing linear and rotational mismatches. Whereas the former increases the fringe number along sections perpendicular to the master grid, the latter increases the fringe number along sections parallel to the master grid. The singular points of Moire patterns can always be avoided by a suitable choice of mismatches and the free state of the model is automatically preserved.
Addressing Negative Willingness to Pay in Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation

This paper has four purposes. First, we outline the controversy surroundingthe issue of negative willingness to pay (WTP)in contingent valuation (CV) studies. Second,we use Monte Carlo simulation to examine theperformance of alternative distributionalassumptions in estimating WTP in the presenceof varying proportions of the populationholding negative WTP values. We focus ondichotomous choice CV (DC-CV), where negativeWTP values may be especially difficult todetect. Third, we extend the simulation toinvestigate the performance of the mixturemodels that have recently been proposed forhandling/identifying non-positive WTP values. Fourth, we extend the simulation to investigatethe performance of the nonparametric lowerbound Turnbull approach. Results indicate thatthe relative performance of the DC-CV modelingalternatives evaluated here, which assumepositive WTP, varies across the simulationsetting (e.g., proportion of negative WTP); butnone can be said to reasonably ``solve'' theproblem ex post. This underscores theimportance of ex ante efforts to identify ifnegative WTP is likely to be prominent in agiven valuation setting. In such cases,appropriately handling negative WTP must beaddressed through ex ante survey design andmodeling choices that allow negative WTP.
Efficient error recovery using network coding in underwater sensor networks

Before the wide deployment of underwater sensor networks becomes a reality, one of the challenges that needs to be resolved is efficient error recovery in the presence of high error rates, node mobility and long propagation delays. In this paper, we propose an efficient error-recovery scheme that carefully couples network coding and multipath routing. Through an analytical study, we provide guidance on how to choose parameters in our scheme and demonstrate that our scheme is efficient in both error recovery and energy consumption. We evaluate the performance of our scheme using simulation and our simulation confirms the results from the analytical study.
Advertising, Commercial Speech, and First Amendment Parity

In recent years, federal policymakers, state legislators, and state Attorneys General have all shown renewed interest in regulating commercial advertising and marketing. Several new regulatory initiatives are being proposed, or are already underway, that could severely curtail or restrict commercial speech on a variety of platforms. The affected platforms range from traditional media (newspapers, TV and radio broadcasters, etc.) to the newest media outlets (the Internet, online ad networks, social networks, video games, mobile devices, and interactive television).The consequences of these stepped-up regulatory efforts could be profound and adversely impact consumers both directly and indirectly. The role commercial speech plays in a free market economy is often misunderstood or taken for granted. This essay briefly outlines the reasons why new restrictions on advertising and marketing would diminish consumer welfare. Moreover, it underscores and endorses the Supreme Court’s recent jurisprudence in this area, which has bolstered the First Amendment status of commercial speech, although those decisions have fallen short of according commercial speech the same constitutional protections as other types of speech and expression. This distinction is less sensible and enforceable in an age of media convergence and user-generated content; the boundaries between commercial and non-commercial speech are simply not as bright as they once were. Thus, there are both principled and practical rationales for ending this regulatory asymmetry and according commercial speech First Amendment protections on par with all other forms of speech and expression.
Query Planning for Searching Inter-dependent Deep-Web Databases

Increasingly, many data sources appear as online databases, hidden behind query forms, thus forming what is referred to as the deep web. It is desirable to have systems that can provide a high-level and simple interface for users to query such data sources, and can automate data retrieval from the deep web. However, such systems need to address the following challenges. First, in most cases, no single database can provide all desired data, and therefore, multiple different databases need to be queried for a given user query. Second, due to the dependencies present between the deep-web databases, certain databases must be queried before others. Third, some database may not be available at certain times because of network or hardware problems, and therefore, the query planning should be capable of dealing with unavailable databases and generating alternative plans when the optimal one is not feasible. This paper considers query planning in the context of a deep-web integration system. We have developed a dynamic query planner to generate an efficient query order based on the database dependencies. Our query planner is able to select the topKquery plans. We also develop cost models suitable for query planning for deep web mining. Our implementation and evaluation has been made in the context of a bioinformatics system, SNPMiner. We have compared our algorithm with a naive algorithm and the optimal algorithm. We show that for the 30 queries we used, our algorithm outperformed the naive algorithm and obtained very similar results as the optimal algorithm. Our experiments also show the scalability of our system with respect to the number of data sources involved and the number of query terms.
Polymer Thin Films for Biomedical Applications

The sections in this article are Introduction Biocompatible Coatings Protein-Repellant Coatings PEGylated Thin Films Non-PEGylated Hydrophilic Thin Films Thin Films of Hyperbranched Polymers Multilayer Thin Films Antithrombogenic Coatings Surface Chemistry and Blood Compatibility Membrane-Mimetic Thin Films Heparin-Mimetic Thin Films Clot-Lyzing Thin Films Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Thin Films Polyurethane Coatings Vapor-Deposited Thin Films Antimicrobial Coatings Cationic Polymers Nanocomposite Polymer Thin Films Incorporating Inorganic Biocides Antibiotic-Conjugated Polymer Thin Films Biomimetic Antibacterial Coatings Thin Films Resistant to the Adhesion of Viable Bacteria Coatings for Tissue Engineering Substrates PEGylated Thin Films Zwitterionic Thin Films Thin Films of Hyperbranched Polymers Polyurethane Coatings Polysaccharide-Based Thin Films Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Thin Films Temperature-Responsive Polymer Coatings Electroactive Thin Films Other Functional Polymer Coatings Multilayer Thin Films for Cell Encapsulation Patterned Thin Films Polymer Thin Films for Drug Delivery Polymer Thin Films for Gene Delivery Conclusions Keywords: biomaterials; biocompatible; antithrombogenic; antibacterial coatings; tissue engineering substrates; cell encapsulation; drug and gene delivery; protein-repellant surfaces; polyelectrolyte multilayers
Worlds of Talk: The Presentation of Self in Everyday Conversation

Worlds of Talk: The Presentation of Self in Everyday Conversation. Martin J. Malone. Maiden, MA: Blackwell Publishers. 1997.182pp.
S++-GAc a high performance MAC protocol

A media access control (MAC) protocol supporting Slot Reuse for improving the performance of S++ networks, called group addressing simple double plus and denoted by S++-GA, is presented. S++-GA obtains higher performance than S++ via a four-fold approachc (1) Dividing all the nodes in S++-GA into multiple groups and assigning each group a group code. (2) Establishing a post-destination group slot release rule that releases a busy slot after the busy slot departs from its destination group. (3) Introducing a modified transmission rule, named group transmission rule. (4) Modifying cyclic bandwidth-allocation rule of S++. In contrast to S++ with Destination Release (DR) (S++-DR) or with Erasure Nodes (EN) (S++-EN), S++-GA buffers only partial node-address for slot release but not the whole node-address or the whole slot. So, the system latency and access delay of S++-GA are less than those of S++-DR and S++-EN.
Disappearance of human chorionic gonadotropin and resumption of ovulation following abortion

The disappearance of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and resumption of pituitary ovarian function was investigated in 13 patients following first- and second-trimester abortions. First-trimester abortion patients (with suction curettage) had a mean time of 37.5 +/- 6.4 days for the clearance of hCG to a level of 2 mlU/ml. Second trimester abortions (with prostaglandin) had a mean time of 27.4 +/- 4.8 days. Patients undergoing second-trimester hysterectomy had a mean disappearance time of 39.7 +/- 5.3 days and only 12 days if the hysterectomy was initiated with ligation of the uterine and ovarian vessels. No significant difference in clearance time was found when it was compared on the basis of the baseline hCG levels. Based on a concomitant luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) peak, nine of 12 patients resumed normal pituitary function. These LH and FSH peaks were seen even though the serum hCG levels were as high as 35 mlU/ml. Based on serum progesterone levels of greater than 3 ng/ml, all these nine patients ovulated as early as 21 days after abortion. In view of these results, the clearance of hCG after pregnancy termination depends mainly upon the type of procedure used. Moreover, in view of the early time of ovulatory recovery, contraception should be instituted within the first 2 weeks following pregnancy termination.
Demographic Change and the Current Account: Theory and Empirical Evidence

This paper examines the effects of population growth on national saving, investment, and the current account. An open-economy overlapping generations model with a pay-as-you-go social security system is used to derive the following theoretical predictions: (i) the investment rate is increasing in the population growth rate; (ii) the saving rate is ambiguously related to the population growth rate but negatively related to the social security tax rate; and, therefore, (iii) the current account is also ambiguously related to population growth and negatively related to the tax rate. The empirical evidence, using data from the 1970 to 2003 period for various subsets of 154 economies, supports the following: (i) both the investment and saving rates are negatively related to population growth and government size, but positively related to growth; and (ii) these effects on saving are stronger, and so the net foreign balance is also negatively related to both population growth and government size.
A user's guide to the numerical solution of two-point boundary value problems arising in continuous time dynamic economic models

This paper reviews commonly used numerical methods of solving two-point boundary value problems which frequently arise in economics. Since these problems are often too complex to solve analytically, and since phase diagrams yield limited insights, these numerical methods are a useful addition to the economist's tool kit. Attention is focused on easily obtained algorithms.
Discovery Sequence and the Nature of Low Permeability Gas Accumulations

There is an ongoing discussion regarding the geologic nature of accumulations that host gas in low-permeability sandstone environments. This note examines the discovery sequence of the accumulations in low permeability sandstone plays that were classified as continuous-type by the U.S. Geological Survey for the 1995 National Oil and Gas Assessment. It compares the statistical character of historical discovery sequences of accumulations associated with continuous-type sandstone gas plays to those of conventional plays. The seven sandstone plays with sufficient data exhibit declining size with sequence order, on average, and in three of the seven the trend is statistically significant. Simulation experiments show that both a skewed endowment size distribution and a discovery process that mimics sampling proportional to size are necessary to generate a discovery sequence that consistently produces a statistically significant negative size order relationship. The empirical findings suggest that discovery sequence could be used to constrain assessed gas in untested areas. The plays examined represent 134 of the 265 trillion cubic feet of recoverable gas assessed in undeveloped areas of continuous-type gas plays in low permeability sandstone environments reported in the 1995 National Assessment.
The Continuing 'Wind of Change' in the Balkans: Sources of Housing Inequality in Bulgaria

The research in this paper explores the institutional changes in the housing system during the period of market transition in Bulgaria, which follow suit with the greater societal transformations. The societal changes are linked theoretically with Polanyi's understanding of the transition from a non-market to a market society. His argument helps in establishing the institutional context of the macroeconomic changes in the past decade. The article then focuses on the changing sources of housing inequality. It is argued that there are two urban regimes of housing inequality: the regime of controlled uniformity during the period of socialism and the regime of primitive diversity during the period of market transition. The two regimes are produced mainly through the changing role of the state.
Fixed versus dynamic orientations in environmental learning from ground-level and aerial perspectives.

Ground-level and aerial perspectives in virtual space provide simplified conditions for investigating differences between exploratory navigation and map reading in large-scale environmental learning. General similarities and differences in ground-level and aerial encoding have been identified, but little is known about the specific characteristics that differentiate them. One such characteristic is the need to process orientation; ground-level encoding (and navigation) typically requires dynamic orientations, whereas aerial encoding (and map reading) is typically conducted in a fixed orientation. The present study investigated how this factor affected spatial processing by comparing ground-level and aerial encoding to a hybrid condition: aerial-with-turns. Experiment 1 demonstrated that scene recognition was sensitive to both perspective (ground-level or aerial) and orientation (dynamic or fixed). Experiment 2 investigated brain activation during encoding, revealing regions that were preferentially activated perspective as in previous studies (Shelton and Gabrieli in J Neurosci 22:2711–2717, 2002), but also identifying regions that were preferentially activated as a function of the presence or absence of turns. Together, these results differentiated the behavioral and brain consequences attributable to changes in orientation from those attributable to other characteristics of ground-level and aerial perspectives, providing leverage on how orientation information is processed in everyday spatial learning.
Exploring behaviors of stochastic differential equation models of biological systems using change of measures

Stochastic Differential Equations (SDE) are often used to model the stochastic dynamics of biological systems. Unfortunately, rare but biologically interesting behaviors (e.g., oncogenesis) can be difficult to observe in stochastic models. Consequently, the analysis of behaviors of SDE models using numerical simulations can be challenging. We introduce a method for solving the following problem: given a SDE model and a high-level behavioral specification about the dynamics of the model, algorithmically decide whether the model satisfies the specification. While there are a number of techniques for addressing this problem for discrete-state stochastic models, the analysis of SDE and other continuous-state models has received less attention. Our proposed solution uses a combination of Bayesian sequential hypothesis testing, non-identically distributed samples, and Girsanov's theorem for change of measures to examine rare behaviors. We use our algorithm to analyze two SDE models of tumor dynamics. Our use of non-identically distributed samples sampling contributes to the state of the art in statistical verification and model checking of stochastic models by providing an effective means for exposing rare events in SDEs, while retaining the ability to compute bounds on the probability that those events occur.
A redox-switchable single-molecule magnet incorporating [Re(CN)7]3-.

Reaction of [Re(CN)7]3- (S = 1/2) with 4 equiv of [(PY5Me2)Mn(MeCN)]2+ (S = 5/2) in acetonitrile generates a blue solution containing the cyano-bridged cluster [(PY5Me2)4Mn4Re(CN)7]5+. At room temperature, the color of the reaction rapidly changes from blue to green to yellow, spontaneously generating the one-electron reduced species [(PY5Me2)4Mn4Re(CN)7]4+. Crystal structures show these two clusters share a star-like geometry, wherein four [(PY5Me2)Mn]2+ units are appended to a central, pentagonal bipyramidal [Re(CN)7]3-/4- complex. The dc magnetic properties of the 5+ cluster indicate the presence of ferromagnetic coupling to give an S = 21/2 ground state with an axial zero-field splitting of D = −0.44 cm-1. Ac magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal a spin relaxation barrier of Ueff = 33 cm-1, the largest barrier yet observed for a cyano-bridged single-molecule magnet. Upon reduction by one electron, the spin at the Re center is lost and the cluster switches behavior to that of a simple paramagnet ...
Further pulse radiolysis studies of decacarbonyldimanganese(O) and decacarbonyldirhenium(O). Temperature and solvent effects

Abstract Pulse radiolysis of Mn2(CO)10 and Re2(CO)10 in alcohol and isooctane solutions over the temperature ranges −43 to 22 °C (for Mn2(CO)10) and 22 to 106 °C (for Re2(CO)10) has been investigated. At room temperature, Mn2(CO)10 affords the Mn(CO)5• radical in both ethanol and methanol. However, at −27 (in ethanol) and −37 °C (in methanol), a transient is generated that exhibits an absorption band with a maximum at 700 nm and a molar extinction coefficient, in ethanol, of ϵ700 10,120 ± 150 M−1 cm−1. This species decays by first-order kinetics with a rate constant of k = 1.1 × 105 s−1, and has been tentatively formulated as a product of protonation of Mn2(CO)10⨪ by the solvent. Pulse irradiation of Re2(CO)10 in ethanol solution up to 60 °C, and in 1-butanol solution up to 106 °C, produces what appears to be the corresponding protonated dirhenium species, but no detectable Re(CO)5• radical. By way of contrast, both Mn2(CO)10 and Re2(CO)10 yield their respective pentacarbonyl radicals on pulse irradiation in isooctane solution. The values of Ea for the reactions of Mn(CO)5• and Re(CO)5• with CCl4 and for the coupling reaction of Mn(CO)5•, all in ethanol solution, were found to be 2.8, 2.5, and 2.1 kcal/mol, respectively.
Alcian blue as an electron stain.

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51 Factor XIII-Report of a Family with Factor XIII Deficiency and the Concentrations in normal Infants

51 Factor XIII-Report of a Family with Factor XIII Deficiency and the Concentrations in normal Infants
Legal Contract Enforcement in the Soviet Economy

In present-day Russia, the arbitrazh courts appear to be a respectable and successful institution of contract enforcement. The Soviet state arbitration system was typically viewed as a purely administrative organisation that impeded the development of a contemporary system for legal contract enforcement. The analysis, however, suggests that the Soviet arbitration system was relatively well equipped to assist relationships between decentralised economic agents and had accumulated valuable experience that was the key for its successful performance in the 1990s. The system's activity increased in periods of liberalisation when state enterprises gained greater independence, and diminished during periods of revenant centralisation.
Reflections of an Unrepentant Plastiphobe: Plasticity and the STS Life

My adventures with plastic have provided a personalized tour of many of the tools and concepts that STS scholars use to unpack the lives of others. This essay explores my efforts to figure out how ...
Exercise only, exercise with mechanical traction, or exercise with over-door traction for patients with cervical radiculopathy, with or without consideration of status on a previously described subgrouping rule: a randomized clinical trial.

Study Design Randomized clinical trial. Objectives To examine the effectiveness of cervical traction in addition to exercise for specific subgroups of patients with neck pain. Background Cervical traction is frequently used, but its effectiveness has not been adequately examined. Existing studies have failed to target patients most likely to respond. Traction is typically recommended for patients with cervical radiculopathy. A prediction rule has been described to identify a narrower subgroup of patients likely to respond to cervical traction. Methods Patients with neck pain and signs of radiculopathy were randomized to 4 weeks of treatment with exercise, exercise with mechanical traction, or exercise with over-door traction. Baseline assessment included subgrouping-rule status. The primary outcome measure (Neck Disability Index, scored 0–100) and secondary outcome measure (neck and arm pain intensity) were assessed at 4 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after enrollment. The primary analyses examined 2-way ...
Vein formation and distribution, Ohio and Mt. Baldy districts, Marysvale, Piute County, Utah, USA

The Ohio and Mt. Baldy mining districts near Marysvale, Utah, are situated within a calc-alkalic rock assemblage of the Bullion Canyon Volcanics. The assemblage is divisible into three portions: 1) a lower laharic sequence of epiclastic breccias and autobreccias, 2) a middle portion containing mostly lava flows, including a dacite flow with cupola magma characteristics, and tuff and lapilli breccias, and 3) an upper portion containing a local volcanic vent complex and the ash-flow Delano Peak Tuff Member.
Individualizing Guided Oral Reading Fluency Instruction for Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Guided oral reading fluency instruction is a research-validated strategy for improving reading achievement. This article addresses ways to individualize guided oral reading fluency instruction for students with emotional and behavioral disorders using behavioral principles. In addition, the article explains how to use data to set goals and monitor students' responsiveness to fluency intervention. Several resources for fluency materials are listed, as are Web-based resources for additional reading.
Building stakeholder partnerships for an on-site HIV testing programme.

Because of the large number of individuals at risk for HIV infection who visit gay saunas and sex clubs, these venues are useful settings in which to offer HIV outreach programmes for voluntary counselling and testing (VCT). Nevertheless, establishing a successful VCT programme in such a setting can be a daunting challenge, in large part because there are many barriers to managing the various components likely to be involved. Using qualitative data from a process evaluation of a new VCT programme at a gay sauna in California, USA, we describe how the various stakeholders overcame barriers of disparate interests and responsibilities to work together to successfully facilitate a regular and frequent on‐site VCT programme that was fully utilized by patrons.
Establishment of a nude mouse model of hepatic metastasis for evaluation of targeted retroviral gene delivery.

Background and Objectives The goal of this study was to establish a reproducible nude mouse model of liver metastasis and investigate the potential of deploying targeted injectable retroviral vectors for metastatic gastrointestinal cancer. Methods Human cancer cells were injected into the portal vein via an indwelling catheter. The animals were sacrificed at specified time intervals, and the number of tumor nodules was counted in histologic sections of harvested livers. A group of animals received either an extracellular matrix-targeted or a nontargeted retroviral vector bearing a β-galactosidase gene by portal vein infusion. Results The number of tumor nodules increased progressively over time at ≤50 days post-infusion (r = 0.81; P < 0.0001). Transduction of tumor nodules was observed in the animals that received a matrix-targeted, but not a nontargeted, vector. Conclusions We have established a reproducible nude mouse model of liver metastasis, and demonstrated the feasibility of gene delivery to metastatic tumor nodules in vivo by portal vein infusions of a matrix-targeted retroviral vector. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;82:121–130. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Simulations of Microwave Planar Transmission Lines and Passive Devices on Anisotropic Substrate (Sapphire)

Sapphire is known as a very good dielectric material with extremely low microwave dielectric loss (tan ?=10?7?10?8) and high thermal conductivity (? = 103 W/m·K) at T=78 K. Sapphire is successfully used as a substrate for high quality YBCO film growing. The use of high-Tc superconducting (HTS) films on sapphire for microwave applications provides a realization of passive devices of higher performance. The anisotropy of sapphire presents the considerable challenge to designing and manufacturing MMICs and particularly YBCO filters on sapphire substrate. Account must be taken of a development of software tools for simulation of planar transmission lines on anisotropic substrate. The goal of this paper is to present a closed form model of propagation characteristics of the planar transmission lines on the anisotropic substrate. The model was verified experimentally and by a comparison of the results of simulation of single HTS microstrip line and coupled HTS microstrip lines on r-cut and m-cut sapphire using this model and the results of full-wave analysis. A good agreement between the measured and simulated data was observed.
A Public Personnel Policy To Help Management Cope in the 1980s

This article identifies the ten major public personnel management policy goals that the Intergovernmental Personnel Act program is emphasizing. In outlining these "policy goals," the authors focus on ways in which effective personnel management can contribute to the efficacy of other management functions and to program delivery in general. Implicit in the discussion is the belief that all individuals interested in the governmental personnel function should pay more attention to the development of a framework of priorities for personnel policies in the 1980's.
Band discontinuities of Si/Ge heterostructures

Abstract We present a theoretical study of valence- and conduction-band discontinuities of pseudomorphic Si/Ge interfaces. The self-consistent calculations are based on effective dipole theory and the strain effect on energy band edges. The values of band discontinuities for the (001) and (111) interfaces have been derived and compared with experimental data. The numerical values of band discontinuities depend on the structure and crystallographic orientation of the heterojunction. For Ge on Si (001) and Si on Ge (001), the valence band discontinuities are 0.85 and 0.33 eV, respectively. The calculated results have a good agreement with experimental data.
Estimating the value of medical education: a net present value approach.

Background: Estimating the value of a medical education is a difficult undertaking. Purpose: As student debt levels rise and the role of managed care in price-setting increases, the financial benefit of an MD degree comes into question. Methods: We developed a model using net present value (NPV) analysis for a range of annual costs of medical school attendance. Using this model, we determined the point at which pursuing a medical education is a “break-even” proposition from a financial perspective. Results: The NPV of a medical education was positive for all annual costs of attendance from $10,000 to $100,000 and ranged from approximately $39,000 to $674,000 depending on the discount rate. Assuming a discount rate of 8%, only at an annual cost of attendance of $139,805 was the NPV = $0, which represents the break-even cost of medical education for a prospective student. Conclusions: Medical education is a financially advantageous undertaking for costs of attendance that far exceed even the most expensive ...
Measurement of the internal pH of mast cell granules using microvolumetric fluorescence and isotopic techniques

Abstract The intragranular pH of isolated mast cell granules was measured. Because of the minute amounts of isolated granules available, two techniques were developed by modifying aminoacridine fluorescence and [14C]methylamine accumulation techniques to permit measurements with microliter sample volumes. Granule purity was demonstrated by electron microscopy, ruthenium red exclusion, and biochemical (histamine, mast cell granule protease) analysis. The internal pH was determined to be 5.55 ± 0.06, indicating that the pH environment within mast cell granules is not significantly different from that of previously studied granule types (i.e., chromaffin, platelet, pancreatic islet, and pituitary granules). Collapse of the pH gradient by NH4+ was demonstrated with both techniques. No evidence of Cl − OH − or specific cation/H+ transport was found, and major chloride permeability could not be unequivocably demonstrated. Ca2+ and Cl− at concentrations normally present extracellularly destabilized granules in the presence of NH4+, but this phenomenon does not necessarily indicate a role for these ions in the exocytotic release of granule contents from intact cells. The pH measurement techniques developed for investigating the properties of granules in mast cells may be useful for studying other granules that can be obtained only in limited quantities.
Proteolysis prevents in vivo chimeric fusion protein import into yeast mitochondria. Cytosolic cleavage and subcellular distribution.

Abstract The in vivo import of liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase was investigated in yeast by constructing fusion proteins between its leader sequence and β-galactosidase. Only 7% of the protein was imported. If 21 or 71 amino acids from the mature portion of aldehyde dehydrogenase were included in the construct, 40% was imported. The protein remaining in cytosol was sequenced. When the leader was fused directly to β-galactosidase, the first 7 residues of the leader were missing. When 21 residues of mature aldehyde dehydrogenase were included, the entire leader plus 6 residues of the mature portion were missing; if 71 residues of mature aldehyde dehydrogenase were included, the first residue found corresponds to the 66th residue of the mature portion. When the leader was fused directly to β-galactosidase, no processing of the imported protein occurred, and the N-terminal amino acid was blocked, presumably by acetylation. If the 21-amino acid insert was included, processing occurred. A modified leader sequence lacking the three-amino acid linker (RGP) was imported but not processed, just as we found in vitro (Thornton, K., Wang, Y., Weiner, H., and Gorenstein, D.G.(1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 19906-19914). The less than 100% import of pre-aldehyde dehydrogenase was due to the action of a post-translational protease attack which prevented import by destroying the leader peptide segment.
Using negative emotions to trace the experience of borderline personality pathology: Interconnected relationships revealed in an experience sampling study

While emotional difficulties are highly implicated in borderline personality disorder (BPD), the dynamic relationships between emotions and BPD symptoms that occur in everyday life are unknown. The current paper examined the function of negative emotions as they relate to BPD symptoms in real time. Experience sampling methodology with 281 participants measured negative emotions and borderline symptoms, expressed as a spectrum of experiences, five times daily for two weeks. Overall, having a BDP diagnosis was associated with experiencing more negative emotions. Multilevel modeling supported positive concurrent relationships between negative emotions and BPD symptoms. Lagged models showed that even after 3 hours negative emotions and several symptoms continued to influence each other. Therefore, results indicated that negative emotions and BPD symptoms are intricately related; some evidenced long-lasting relationships. This research supports emotion-symptom contingencies within BPD and provides insight rega...