cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SUSTAIN: A Network Model of Category Learning.

SUSTAIN (Supervised and Unsupervised STratified Adaptive Incremental Network) is a model of how humans learn categories from examples. SUSTAIN initially assumes a simple category structure. If simple solutions prove inadequate and SUSTAIN is confronted with a surprising event (e.g., it is told that a bat is a mammal instead of a bird), SUSTAIN recruits an additional cluster to represent the surprising event. Newly recruited clusters are available to explain future events and can themselves evolve into prototypes-attractors-rules. SUSTAIN's discovery of category substructure is affected not only by the structure of the world but by the nature of the learning task and the learner's goals. SUSTAIN successfully extends category learning models to studies of inference learning, unsupervised learning, category construction, and contexts in which identification learning is faster than classification learning.
Obliterative arteriolarsclerosis of the colon with focal mucosal necrosis.

Summary A case of multiple colonic mucosal polypoid structures exhibiting ischemic necrosis is reported. Extensive submucosal obliterative arteriolar disease was associated. The patient had diabetes mellitus and this probably was the primary etiology of the arteriolar disease.
How To Improve MRP Systems To Reduce Cost And Deliver Satisfaction To Customer: A Case Study

This paper is report of an application integrated in an MRP system and implemented to reduce inventory and its costs. The current system problems were the time needed to develop order packages, abiding by the business rules for order packages, and the animosity the current methods was creating between the supply chain and manufacturing. A package tool was created to help solve these problems. The package tool allows users to select criteria and view exception reports. Implementing this tool resulted in a dramatic increase in meeting customer requested shipping dates and decreased the amount of time spent developing order packages. Use of the tool also resulted in greater compliance with the business rules. Payback occurred in 3.69 months. This experience proves that creative thinking can result in BRP that pays.
Linguistic Discrimination as Pedagogical Intervention: Essays for Educational Equality

The global spread of the English language has immense pedagogical implications, both in North America and worldwide. Issues surrounding the ownership, transformation, and acquisition of English gre...
The Vitamin D Receptor (NR1I1)

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is designated NR1I1 using the nuclear receptor superfamily nomenclature. An appreciation of the VDR endocrine system precedes the isolation of the receptor by approximately 300 years. The VDR plays a significant role in regulating serum calcium levels through its actions on the cellular machinery to absorb calcium in the gut, to re-absorb it in the kidneys and deposit it in the bones. Consequently, insufficiency of the VDR ligand 1α,25dihydroxyvitaminD3 (1α25(OH)2D3) in a child leads to the classic symptoms of rickets.
New direction for database management research

Human societies have always strived to create databases because data provides access to knowledge. The advent of digital computers clearly represents a big leap forward in creating a higher level of repository for the knowledge of our contemporary civilization. Over the past four decades much energy has been spent in developing methodology for efficiently creating and managing computer databases. Many of the early databases, however, were developed to meet specific needs and generally benefited a certain class of user. However, advances in telecommunications technology has radically altered the traditional relationship between database creators and its users. The future of databases points toward mass utilization which will be facilitated by the so-called â€˜digital revolutionâ€™ in the communications industry. A trend is already emerging that will affect their creation, distribution and management.
Dependence of intestinal arteriolar regulation on flow-mediated nitric oxide formation.

Our hypothesis was that a large fraction of resting nitric oxide (NO) formation is driven by flow-mediated mechanisms in the intestinal microvasculature of the rat. NO-sensitive microelectrodes mea...
To Hunt Or to Scavenge: Optimal Investment Strategies in the Presence of Indirect Network Effects

What determines optimal R&D investment in a market with indirect network effects? We analyze this question in a hardware-software framework, where software firms strategically invest in quality upgrades. We find that a firm's optimal investment depends predominantly on (1) its quality level relative to its competitors on the same hardware and on (2) the quality level of software firms on the same hardware relative to other hardware platforms. Using a dynamic model, we examine the effect of initial quality differences within and across platforms on firms' investment behavior. We show that small quality differences across platforms stimulate investment across firms on the same platform, regardless of their current quality level. However, large quality differences across platforms affect competition within platforms such that a firm's quality level relative to competitors on the same platform may increase or reduce its incentives to invest. In this case, responses to own and cross quality upgrades are determined by the overall market structure. The two different responses - increased or reduced investment, give rise to a taxonomy of optimal investment strategies. Since responses depend on market structure, we can then map a firm's position within the market into its optimal investment strategy.
Microbial Eukaryotes in Marine Oxygen Minimum Zones

Increasing ocean temperatures and anthropogenic influences are contributing to marine oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) expansion, with consequent changes in nutrient and climate-active trace gas cycling. As a result, bacterial and archaeal mediation of biogeochemical transformations within marine OMZs has received attention. Less is known about the role of protists within OMZs, despite their potential importance to biogeochemical cycles. Here, we discuss responses of protist populations to water column oxygen deficiency in three ecosystems: the Saanich Inlet, a seasonally anoxic fjord on the coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, and two examples of permanently anoxic/sulfidic end-member water columns in Cariaco Basin (Venezuela) and Framvaren Fjord (Norway). Small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequencing approaches partnered with multivariate statistical methods have been used to characterize microbial eukaryotes in each of these habitats. Common and unique patterns of community composition exist between the three locations reflecting different responses of components of the protistan community to specific geochemical parameters. Within Saanich Inlet, temporal fluctuations in rare populations of ciliates and flagellates may be significant to biogeochemical cycling particularly as a result of symbioses with, and predation on, other microbes.
Generalized Viscoelastic Material Design With Integro-Differential Equations and Direct Optimal Control

Rheological material properties are examples of function-valued quantities that depend on frequency (linear viscoelasticity), input amplitude (nonlinear material behavior), or both. This dependence complicates the process of utilizing these systems in engineering design. In this article, we present a methodology to model and optimize design targets for such rheological material functions. We show that for linear viscoelastic systems simple engineering design assumptions can be relaxed from a conventional spring-dashpot model to a more general linear viscoelastic relaxation kernel, K(t). While this approach expands the design space and connects system-level performance with optimal material design functions, it entails significant numerical difficulties. Namely, the associated governing equations involve a convolution integral, thus forming a system of integro-differential equations. This complication has two important consequences: 1) the equations representing the dynamic system cannot be written in a standard state space form as the time derivative function depends on the entire past state history, and 2) the dependence on prior time-history increases time derivative function computational expense. Previous studies simplified this process by incorporating parameterizations of K(t) using viscoelastic models such as Maxwell or critical gel models. While these simplifications support efficient solution, they limit the type of viscoelastic materials that can be designed. This article introduces a more general approach that can explore arbitrary K(t) designs using direct optimal control methods. In this study, we analyze a nested direct optimal control approach to optimize linear viscoelastic systems with no restrictions on K(t). The study provides new insights into efficient optimization of systems modeled using integro-differential equations. The case study is based on a passive vibration isolator design problem. The resulting optimal K(t) functions can be viewed as early-stage design targets that are material agnostic and allow for creative material design solutions. These targets may be used for either material-specific selection or as targets for later-stage design of novel materials.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Molecular characterisation of Berberis thunbergii cultivars using microsatellite markers

ABSTRACTDue to a growing concern for black stem rust (BSR) disease in wheat-producing regions of the USA and Canada, the sale and movement of barberry plants to ‘quarantined’ regions is restricted to just a few cultivars approved as being BSR-resistant. Currently, verification of a given barberry plant as being ‘true-to-type’ of the approved cultivar relies on comparing its morphological features with those of its reference cultivar. Frequently, this approach leads to mis-identification of cultivars due to the similarity of morphological features among young plants. The approach is complicated, or not at all useful, when the plants are dormant, which is the stage at which plants are sold. A reliable technique that could be used at any stage of plant growth to identify and verify cultivars is needed. In this study, the genetic diversity of 51 barberry cultivars was assessed using microsatellite markers, and their genotypic profiles were developed based on the allele composition of different microsatellite ...
The Continued Relevance Of Teaching To Transgress: Education As The Practice Of Freedom

In 1994, bell hooks work, Teaching to Transgress - Education as the Practice of Freedom was first published and this work re-examines it for its intent to counter the devaluation of teaching and on the basis that it addresses the urgent need for changes in teaching practices. Because of the intransience of racism and the various isms that are part of our everyday culture, hooks work remains relevant, particularly for those who find themselves in the position of the lone soldier in the war to effect equitable system change forever conspiring and scheming in order to accomplish equity in education. This re-examination of hooks work is also offered to those who face disempowered collective backlash (p.31) - backtracking, ostracization and belittlement designed to dissuade paradigm shifts. It is offered to individuals who are seeking freedom individuals who are seeking to define and contextualize their experiences, their struggle, and to those trying to cope with a society eager to return to an age of narrow nationalism, isolationisms and xenophobia (p.28). And finally, this work is for those who are seeking to teach their children, their students, how to transgress - how to confront a culture of domination with a lack of meaningful access to truth (p.29) and which necessarily promotes an addiction to lying and denial (p.29). Teaching to Transgress is a strategy that suggests revolution and speaks to ones determination, strength and commitment. It is a strategy that casts the teacher and the student recipient of the teachings, in the role of revolutionaries - agents of change. Education as the Practice of Freedom speaks to the need to pursue, as a professional business, the job of freeing oneself from oppression - one should practice or work at critically examining our world and our experiences on a local and global level. [AU1] I was asked about bell hooks name and sent my response with an attachment about the scholar and her work to your journal. bell hooks name is NOT capitalized. Thank you.
Recovery of Chlamydia trachomatis from Patients of a Southeastern Venereal Disease Clinic

The authors determined the incidences of Chlamydia trachomatis colonization obtained by use of two methods of isolation in 169 specimens from individuals attending a venereal disease clinic. Specimens were collected in phosphate sucrose buffer and planted simultaneously onto McCoy cells previously treated with 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine (IUDR) and with cycloheximide. As controls, specimens were obtained from 76 hospital employees or medical students without clinical signs of infection and cultured in a similar manner. Qualitatively, recoveries of Chlamydia trachomatis inclusions from the differently treated cells were the same, but the number of inclusions per ml was greater for the cycloheximide-treated cells. Recoveries of Chlamydia trachomatis from the venereal disease clinic population were 33% for those patients who also had simultaneous cultures positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and 42% for those with nongonococcal urethritis. The recovery of Chlamydia trachomatis from the control group was 5%.
The use of vibration data for liquid rocket health monitoring

An approach is presented to the construction of a liquid rocket Health Monitoring (HM) system capable of using both, vibratory and thermodynamic data. Preliminary results are obtained in the area of vibration data tracking/identification, using as a test bed a low-order linear dynamic model of the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) High Pressure Fuel Turbopump (HPFTP). Limitations and future extensions are discussed.
Even Length Order RC Interconnect Model Reduction, Optimization and its Simulation

A formula of the regular even length order (ELO) model reduction method in Wang's forms was derived. Simulations were executed and presented in both time and frequency domains by MatLab. The classical lower ELO reduction models of a practical interconnect case were compared with its 100th order model as original model. The indexes for approximation evaluation include the step response, the rising time, Bode plot, the band width, and the H-inf norm of the error over the whole frequency range. The results show that extremely high-order RC interconnects cannot be accurately approximated by a tenth or less ELO models. However, an RC parameter optimization process based on our formula for the optimal ELO reduction models can greatly improve the above indexes.
A New Therapy Regimen for Brain Edema

It has been demonstrated that two agents which curtail cerebrospinal fluid production are remarkably effective in reducing the expected amount of brain edema in a standardized edema model. The combination of these drugs, furosemide and acetazolamide with a potent glucosteroid dexamethasone, is even more effective. All three drugs have an effect upon cerebrospinal fluid production and all three will reduce increased intracranial pressure. It appears that a combination therapy employing dexamethasone in combination with either furosemide or diamox to reduce the amount of edema developing and to hasten its resolution has a rational basis. It appears that these combination therapies may offer the first major change in edema therapy since dexamethasone was introduced as treatment for brain edema in 1959. Clinical trials certainly appear to be warranted.
Comparison of risk factors for ill health in a sample of homeless and nonhomeless poor.

This cross-sectional survey was undertaken to examine whether the homeless poor have a higher prevalence of risk factors for ill health than the nonhomeless poor. Seventy-one adults in four age groups who attended a free-meal program in northern California were recruited during a 1-month period in 1987. The majority of the respondents lived on the streets, in vehicles, or in substandard housing located in an area undergoing rapid urban redevelopment. Regardless of employment or government assistance, the income of 100 percent of the respondents fell below the Federal poverty level. Overall, the sociodemographic profile of the study population was remarkably similar to that of the general population of California adults. Sixty-six percent had completed high school, 78 per cent had lived in the city for 5 or more years and, at most, 23 percent reported serious alcohol or emotional problems. When compared with the nonhomeless poor, the homeless poor were slightly less educated, more mobile, and more likely to report alcohol and emotional problems. Larger differences were evident for health-related variables, with the homeless poor being significantly less likely to have health insurance coverage, to receive preventive health care, and to be nonsmokers than the nonhomeless poor (P values less than .05). There were also large differences in access to heated rooms, running hot water, and cooking facilities, with approximately 90 percent of the homeless poor reporting no access to these fundamental necessities.
Condomless Sex Among Homeless Youth: The Role of Multidimensional Social Norms and Gender.

Most studies of condomless sex among homeless youth have focused on peer norms, while excluding other potentially pertinent influences. This study explored how different types of relationships contributed to norms about condomless sex and whether such norms were associated with engagement in condomless sex among homeless youth. Additionally, because recent work has noted gender differences in social networks of male and female homeless youth, gender differences in social network norms of condomless sex were also assessed. Egocentric network data were collected from homeless youth accessing services at two drop-in centers in Los Angeles, CA (N = 976). Multivariate analyses (non-stratified and stratified by gender) assessed associations between descriptive, injunctive, and communicative norms and participants’ engagement in condomless sex. Multivariate analyses indicated that perception of peer condom use and communication with sexual partners were significantly associated with not engaging in condomless sex. These relationships, however, varied by gender. Implications for interventions are discussed.
Vertical and Stationary Scales for Progress Maps

Students and instructors would bene t from a graphical dis-play of student pro ciency throughout a course. However,valid and reliable pro ciency estimates based on modern sta-tistical techniques require data that are not usually collectedin traditional instruction. For example, problems that stu-dents solve on tests and homeworks may not be properlyequated to a vertical scale; building a true vertical scale re-quires that overlapping anchor items be administered in waythat supports the estimation of student growth between as-signments. This paper suggests an alternative, a stationaryscale in which the expected student growth is subtractedout so that a student making normal progress remains at thezero point in the scale. We de ne the stationary scale modeland validate it on a real-world data set of student answersto homework items. We further produce a Progress Map, avisualization of student pro ciency throughout a course.
Oral Anticancer Agents: An Intervention to Promote Medication Adherence and Symptom Management .

Symptom burden and poor adherence to oral anticancer agents remain significant clinical problems. This study examined feasibility, preliminary efficacy, and satisfaction with ADHERE, a nurse practitioner intervention that promotes symptom management and adherence among patients prescribed oral agents. The intervention group (which received one semistructured, face-to-face session followed by three weekly telephone sessions using motivational interviewing, brief cognitive-behavioral therapy, and a toolkit to promote self-management) had significantly lower symptom severity postintervention. Self-reported adherence was high and did not differ by group. Patients reported being highly satisfied with the ADHERE intervention. .
Adsorption of bovine serum albumin on silicon dioxide nanoparticles: Impact of pH on nanoparticle–protein interactions

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorbed on amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles was studied as a function of pH across the range of 2 to 8. Aggregation, surface charge, surface coverage, and protein structure were investigated over this entire pH range. SiO2 nanoparticle aggregation is found to depend upon pH and differs in the presence of adsorbed BSA. For SiO2 nanoparticles truncated with hydroxyl groups, the largest aggregates were observed at pH 3, close to the isoelectric point of SiO2 nanoparticles, whereas for SiO2 nanoparticles with adsorbed BSA, the aggregate size was the greatest at pH 3.7, close to the isoelectric point of the BSA-SiO2 complex. Surface coverage of BSA was also the greatest at the isoelectric point of the BSA-SiO2 complex with a value of ca. 3 ± 1 × 1011 molecules cm−2. Furthermore, the secondary protein structure was modified when compared to the solution phase at all pH values, but the most significant differences were seen at pH 7.4 and below. It is concluded that protein–nanoparticle interactions vary with solution pH, which may have implications for nanoparticles in different biological fluids (e.g., blood, stomach, and lungs).
A computational approach for predicting plant canopy induced wind effects on the trajectory of golf shots

Large-eddy simulation of atmospheric flow is combined with golf ball trajectory modeling that incorporates local plant canopy information to predict the trajectory of a golf shot at any hole on a golf course in a variety of wind conditions. The model is applied to examine golf shots on hole 12 of the Augusta National Golf Club, which is particularly well known for its wind-induced difficulty. The results indicate that the tree canopies around this hole play a significant role in golf ball trajectories and also induce a strong directional sensitivity on the landing spot of the ball for this hole.
FPGA-Based Real-Time Charged Particle Trajectory Reconstruction at the Large Hadron Collider

The upgrades of the Compact Muon Solenoid particle physics experiment at CERN's Large Hadron Collider provide a major challenge for the real-time collision data selection. This paper presents a novel approach to pattern recognition and charged particle trajectory reconstruction using an all-FPGA solution. The challenges include a large input data rate of about 20 to 40~Tbps, processing a new batch of input data every 25~ns, each consisting of about 10,000 precise position measurements of particles ('stubs'), perform the pattern recognition on these stubs to find the trajectories, and produce the list of parameters describing these trajectories within 4~us. A proposed solution to this problem is described, in particular, the implementation of the pattern recognition and particle trajectory determination using an all-FPGA system. The results of an end-to-end demonstrator system based on Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGAs that meets timing and performance requirements are presented.
The diagnostic accuracy of neck ultrasound, 4D-Computed tomographyand sestamibi imaging in parathyroid carcinoma.

Abstract Introduction Our aim was to investigate the accuracy of available imaging modalities for parathyroid carcinoma (PC) in our institution and to identify which imaging modality, or combination thereof, is optimal in preoperative determination of precise tumor location. Methods All operated PC patients in our institution between 2000 and 2015 that had at least one of the following in-house preoperative scans: neck ultrasonography (US), neck 4D-Computed Tomography (4DCT) and 99mTc Sestamibi SPECT/CT (MIBI). Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of PC tumor localization were assessed individually and in combination. Results 20 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analysed. There were 18 US, 18 CT and 9 MIBI scans. The sensitivity and accuracy for tumor localisation of US was 80% (CI 56–94%) and 73% respectively, of 4DCT was 79% (CI 58–93%) and 82%, and of MIBI was 81% (CI 54–96%) and 78%. The sensitivity and accuracy of the combination of CT and MIBI was 94% (CI 73–100%) and 95% and for the combination of US, CT and MIBI was 100% (CI 72–100%) and 100% respectively. The wash-out of the PC lesions, expressed as a percentage change in Hounsfield Units from the arterial phase to early delayed phase was −9.29% and to the late delayed phase was −16.88% (n = 11). Conclusions The sensitivity of solitary preoperative imaging of PC patients, whether by US, CT or MIBI, is approximately 80%. Combinations of CT with MIBI and US increase the sensitivity to 95% or better. Combined preoperative imaging of patients with clinical possibility of PC is therefore recommended.
The Trouble with Wang Xizhi: Illness and Healing in a Fourth-Century Chinese Correspondence

Containing many reports of his own illnesses and attempts at treatment, along with inquiries after the health of correspondents and acquaintances, the letters of Wang Xizhi (303-361) constitute the earliest sizeable corpus of personal health reports in Chinese literature and are thus a valuable source for the study of Chinese epistolary communication and medical history. This article explores the rhetorical strategies of Wang’s medical narratives and the role that writing about illness and healing may have played in the correspondents’ relationships and broader networks. Examining the medical ideas and terminology evident in Wang Xizhi’s letters, the article also seeks to illuminate a section of the multifaceted world of early medieval Chinese healing practices. By allowing us to get closer to the calligrapher’s body, Wang’s illness narratives further help us to heighten our awareness of the circumstances that shape the artistic process. Les lettres de Wang Xizhi (303-361) contiennent de nombreuses informations sur ses propres problemes medicaux et sur ses facons de se traiter, ainsi que des questions adressees aux destinataires quant a leur sante et celle de leurs connaissances communes. Elles constituent ainsi le plus ancien corpus de taille consequente au sein de la litterature chinoise traitant de l’histoire medicale d’individus ; elles ont donc une valeur importante comme source tant pour l’histoire epistolaire que medicale. Cet article explore les strategies rhetoriques dans les recits qu’offre Wang au sujet de la sante, ainsi que le role que ses ecrits sur les maladies et les guerisons ont pu jouer dans ses rapports sociaux avec ses correspondants et au-dela. En examinant les idees et la terminologie medicale exprimees dans les lettres de Wang Xizhi, cet article ambitionne aussi d’eclairer un pan du monde tres varie des pratiques de guerison chinoises medievales. Ses temoignages sur ses maladies, qui nous permettent d’approcher de pres le grand calligraphe dans sa corporalite, nous rendent plus attentif aux conditions les plus physiques de sa production artistique.
The architecture and design of ecological null models

Many questions in ecology are best addressed using observational data because they concern spatial or temporal scales where experimentation is impractical. Null models, which make predictions in the absence of a particular ecological mechanism, are instrumental for making inferences in these situations, but which null models to use or how to best test them is often unclear; this ambiguity is problematic because different null models and tests can yield different results, suggesting contradictory ecological mechanisms. To address these challenges, this paper presents an overarching framework for the development and testing of null models, in which desirable models and tests are obtained as solutions to mathematical optimization problems. As an example of how the framework can be applied, this paper shows how it can be used to design null model tests to check for effects of interspecific interactions on species co-occurrence patterns. A minimal sufficient statistic (metric) for effects of interspecific interactions is derived, which achieves the maximal level of data compression without losing information present in the data about interspecific interactions. Existing, intuitive statistics are shown to lack this property. The paper then derives a statistical hypothesis test that has the greatest possible power (sensitivity) for detecting effects of competition and facilitation given a controlled false positive rate. This test is shown numerically to improve greatly over existing tests. The optimization paradigm allows the most accurate inferences possible, and should be applicable throughout ecology where null models are used to make inferences.
Tunnel Junction Development Using Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy

We demonstrate for the first time III–V tunnel junctions grown using hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) with peak tunneling currents >8 A/cm2, sufficient for operation of a multijunction device to several hundred suns of concentration. Multijunction solar cells rely on tunneling interconnects between subcells to enable series connection with minimal voltage loss, but tunnel junctions have never been shown using the HVPE growth method. HVPE has recently reemerged as a low-cost growth method for high-quality III–V materials and devices, including the growth of high-efficiency III–V solar cells. We previously showed single-junction GaAs solar cells with conversion efficiencies of ∼24% with a path forward to equal or exceed the practical efficiency limits of crystalline Si. Moving to a multijunction device structure will allow for even higher efficiencies with minimal impact on cost, necessitating the development of tunnel interconnects. Here, we demonstrate the performance of both isolated HVPE-grown tunnel junctions, as well as single-junction GaAs solar cell structures with a tunnel junction incorporated into the contact region. We observe no degradation in device performance compared to a structure without the added junction.
Identification of Industrial Robot Arm Work Cell Use Cases and a Test Bed to Promote Monitoring, Diagnostic, and Prognostic Technologies

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is performing research to advance the state of the art in monitoring, diagnostic, and prognostic technologies (collectively known as prognostics and health management (PHM)) to enhance decision-making at the factory floor to promote smarter maintenance and control strategies. One specific thrust in this hierarchical research is focused at the work cell level. A robot system is the focus of this research level where the manufacturing community would benefit from measurement science (e.g., performance metrics, test methods, reference datasets, software tools) to design, deploy, verify, and validate PHMC technologies aimed at a robot system work cell. NIST’s identification of representative manufacturing robot work cell use cases will provide the foundation for which it will construct its own physical test bed. The test bed is designed to emulate the chosen robot system use case and afford sufficient flexibility to add, subtract, or upgrade components and capabilities to be commensurate with common industrial practices. This paper presents various use case options that NIST has considered and highlights the one that will be the foundation of the physical test bed. Additionally, the initial test bed design is introduced.
IN-STENT RESTENOSIS OF DRUG-ELUTING STENTS COMPARED TO A MATCHED GROUP OF PATIENTS WITH DE NOVO CORONARY ARTERY STENOSIS

Drug-eluting stents (DES) significantly reduced the incidence of in-stent restenosis (ISR). However, ISR exists in the contemporary DES era. There are limited data directly comparing patients with de novo coronary artery stenosis to patients presenting with ISR of DES. We performed a retrospective
Implicit attitudes and awareness

I offer here a new hypothesis about the nature of implicit attitudes. Psychologists and philosophers alike often distinguish implicit from explicit attitudes by maintaining that we are aware of the latter, but not aware of the former. Recent experimental evidence, however, seems to challenge this account. It would seem, for example, that participants are frequently quite adept at predicting their own performances on measures of implicit attitudes. I propose here that most theorists in this area have nonetheless overlooked a commonsense distinction regarding how we can be aware of attitudes, a difference that fundamentally distinguishes implicit and explicit attitudes. Along the way, I discuss the implications that this distinction may hold for future debates about and experimental investigations into the nature of implicit attitudes.
Content analysis of DBA and PhD dissertations in business

The doctor of business administration (DBA) degree is widely considered as a professional doctorate or professional doctoral degree that is designed to prepare business practitioners. The doctor of...
The role of frequent short exams in improving student performance in hybrid global business classes

The authors investigate whether frequent in class exams can improve the performance of students in hybrid global business courses. An experiment was conducted in three hybrid sections of a global b...
Phase Equilibria Studies of the LiCl-KCl-UCl3 System

Regions of the LiCl-KCl-UCl3 phase diagram used to represent the molten salt compositions generated during the electrorefining of used nuclear fuel were evaluated by studying the LiCl-UCl3 and KCl-...
The Emotions in Early Chinese Philosophy, by Virág Curie

Emotions (情, qing) connect the outside world to one's inner world. They became an essential aspect in views of human agency in Chinese philosophy around the 4th century BCE, Curie Virag argues, aft...
Some Observations on Closed Mixing Systems for Pesticides

During a study leave in 1978 the author spent about 40 percent of his time studying and observing closed mixing systems for pesticides as they were being used in California. The systems basically carried out four operations-penetration of the container, removal of the pesticide, metering out of the proper amount of pesticide, and transference to the mix tank without exposure of the operator. The systems observed were generally too complex, lacked durability, took too much time to carry out the operation, and were expensive. The probes used to penetrate the pesticide container and to remove the pesticide appeared to be a major problem. The author believes that closed mixing systems have promise and can contribute significantly to the safe use of pesticides. They should be easy to use and should be used for transferring all pesticides not just "restricted" pesticides. To accomplish this goal, and to gain general acceptance, the systems should be simple, durable, fast, and vacuum operated. All pesticide containers should have standardized closures and design to permit both removal of pesticide and rinsing of the can, and durable, lightweight probes with a "breakaway head."
QT Prolongation Is a Poor Predictor of Proarrhythmia Liability: Beyond QT Prolongation!

Prolongation of ventricular repolarization, reflected by QT prolongation in the ECG, was introduced as a major antiarrhythmic mechanism, but soon became a surrogate for Torsade de Pointes (TdP) instead. However, drugs that prolong the QT interval range from potently torsadogenic activity to no proarrhythmic action and even antiarrhythmic effects. While block of hERG channels is commonly involved, this is neither complete nor correct: block and activation of other channels can also be torsadogenic, while block of hERG need not be torsadogenic per se. TdP is frequently caused by disturbances of repolarization, but it can also result from disturbances of conduction, even in the absence of prolongation of the action potential duration (APD). Most importantly, disturbances of λ-TRIaD are not only torsadogenic, as they can also lead to VT and VF [λ = CV × ERP; CV: conduction velocity; ERP: effective refractory period; T: triangulation; R: Reverse use dependence; I: instability and D: dispersion]. Thus, comprehensive proarrhythmic evaluation cannot focus only on QT prolongation; this will yield false positives (potentially depriving patients from much needed drugs) as well as false negatives (exposing patients to potentially lethal arrhythmias).
†Cretohlezkus gen. nov. from Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber demonstrates ancient origins of suctorial mouthparts in Eucinetidae (Coleoptera: Scirtoidea)

Abstract Eucinetidae is a small beetle family comprising only ten extant genera. Five of them have unusually modified mouthparts with a strongly transformed labium, which shows features interpreted as adaptations to suctorial feeding. Among the hyperdiverse Coleoptera, similar feeding adaptations are known only in several genera of Cerylonidae and Leiodidae. Fossils attributed to Eucinetidae or representing taxa presumably closely related to eucinetids are known from Lower Cretaceous of China and Upper Jurassic of Mongolia, but none of them shows modified mouthparts. The first fossil of a ‘suctorial eucinetid’, †Cretohlezkus alleni gen. et sp. nov., is reported in the present paper, based on a well-preserved specimen in Cenomanian Burmese amber. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis placed †Cretohlezkus near base of the monophyletic ‘suctorial eucinetid’ lineage, but branch support was too low to present a robust evolutionary hypothesis. The prementum of †Cretohlezkus is modified as strongly as that of extant members of this group, demonstrating early origins of still only speculative feeding habits of the ‘suctorial eucinetids’, which presumably use Myxomycetes or Basidiomycetes as the source of food.
Assessment of Two Passive Back-Support Exoskeletons in a Simulated Precision Manual Assembly Task:

Low back pain (LBP) remains the most prevalent and costly work-related disability in the United States, accounting for ~40% of annual musculoskeletal disorders (BLS, 2018) and imposing an economic ...
Survival, Growth, and Tag Retention in Estuarine Fishes Implanted with Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) Tags

We examined the effects of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags on the survival, growth, and tag retention for two common estuarine fishes, mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) and pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides). A separate laboratory experiment was conducted for each species where individuals, ranging in initial size from 45 to 82 mm standard length (SL), were implanted with 8-mm or 12-mm PIT tags. Across both experiments, the probability of survival for tagged individuals ranged from 82 to 92%, probability of tag retention ranged from 82 to 91%, and probability of survival and tag retention ranged from 73 to 83%. For both species, most mortality and tag loss occurred for small (< 60 mm) individuals tagged with 12-mm tags, and generally early in the experiments. There was little effect of tagging on growth for individuals of either species compared to individuals in untagged control treatments. We recommend a minimum length of 55 mm SL for mummichog and 65 mm SL for pinfish when tagging with 8-mm or 12-mm PIT tags, as almost all fishes above these sizes survived and retained their tags. Direct comparison of our results with other studies was difficult because of variation in the tagging, husbandry, and experimental protocols used in experiments. A comparison among these different protocols would be useful to determine the least intrusive, most effective, and optimal procedure for a given species or group of estuarine fishes.
Phosphoproteomic and Kinomic Signature of Clinically Aggressive Grade I (1.5) Meningiomas Reveals RB1 Signaling as a Novel Mediator and Biomarker

Purpose: Most World Health Organization (WHO) grade I meningiomas carry a favorable prognosis. Some become clinically aggressive with recurrence, invasion, and resistance to conventional therapies (grade 1.5; recurrent/progressive WHO grade I tumors requiring further treatment within 10 years). We aimed to identify biomarker signatures in grade 1.5 meningiomas where histopathology and genetic evaluation has fallen short. Experimental Design: Mass spectrometry (MS)–based phosphoproteomics and peptide chip array kinomics were used to compare grade I and 1.5 tumors. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) identified alterations in signaling pathways with validation by Western blot analysis. The selected biomarker was evaluated in an independent cohort of 140 samples (79/140 genotyped for meningioma mutations) by tissue microarray and correlated with clinical variables. Results: The MS-based phosphoproteomics revealed differential Ser/Thr phosphorylation in 32 phosphopeptides. The kinomic profiling by peptide chip array identified 10 phosphopeptides, including a 360% increase in phosphorylation of RB1, in the 1.5 group. IPA of the combined datasets and Western blot validation revealed regulation of AKT and cell-cycle checkpoint cascades. RB1 hyperphosphorylation at the S780 site distinguished grade 1.5 meningiomas in an independent cohort of 140 samples and was associated with decreased progression/recurrence-free survival. Mutations in NF2, TRAF7, SMO, KLF4, and AKT1 E17K did not predict RB1 S780 staining or progression in grade 1.5 meningiomas. Conclusions: RB1 S780 staining distinguishes grade 1.5 meningiomas, independent of histology, subtype, WHO grade, or genotype. This promising biomarker for risk stratification of histologically bland WHO grade I meningiomas provides insight into the pathways of oncogenesis driving these outlying clinically aggressive tumors.
Assessing the Expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I on Primary Murine Hippocampal Neurons by Flow Cytometry

Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that neuro-immune interactions impact nervous system function in both homeostatic and pathologic conditions. A well-studied function of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) is the presentation of cell-derived peptides to the adaptive immune system, particularly in response to infection. More recently it has been shown that the expression of MHCI molecules on neurons can modulate activity-dependent changes in the synaptic connectivity during normal development and neurologic disorders. The importance of these functions to the brain health supports the need for a sensitive assay that readily detects MHCI expression on neurons. Here we describe a method for primary culture of murine hippocampal neurons and then assessment of MHCI expression by flow cytometric analysis. Murine hippocampus is microdissected from prenatal mouse pups at the embryonic day 18. Tissue is dissociated into a single cell suspension using enzymatic and mechanical techniques, then cultured in a serum-free media that limits growth of non-neuronal cells. After 7 days in vitro, MHCI expression is stimulated by treating cultured cells pharmacologically with beta interferon. MHCI molecules are labeled in situ with a fluorescently tagged antibody, then cells are non-enzymatically dissociated into a single cell suspension. To confirm the neuronal identity, cells are fixed with paraformaldehyde, permeabilized, and labeled with a fluorescently tagged antibody that recognizes neuronal nuclear antigen NeuN. MHCI expression is then quantified on neurons by flow cytometric analysis. Neuronal cultures can easily be manipulated by either genetic modifications or pharmacologic interventions to test specific hypotheses. With slight modifications, these methods can be used to culture other neuronal populations or to assess expression of other proteins of interest.
Global matching in music familiarity: How musical features combine across memory traces to increase familiarity with the whole in which they are embedded

Abstract Across three experiments, the present study tested specific hypotheses regarding how the encoding of different isolated musical feature-types (rhythm and pitch) affects perceived familiarity with later piano song clips in which those features are embedded. The results are broadly consistent with global matching approaches to the computation of the familiarity signal for a musical piece. Further, the results suggest that during the global matching process, the feature-match assessments of separately encoded instances of isolated rhythm and isolated pitch information combine additively across memory traces to increase the familiarity of the test song clip in which they are embedded. As we show through simulations, this additive combination of feature-match levels across memory traces adheres to an assumption present in the MINERVA 2 model of familiarity signal computation.
The interaction of exposure to adverse childhood and combat experiences on the current mental health of new post‐9/11 veterans

Military veterans have greater exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) than civilians and many also encounter warfare exposures, which can increase the likelihood of mental health problems. The purpose of this study was to test an interaction between childhood traumas and warfare exposures on the mental health of a sample of nearly 10,000 new post-9/11 veterans. Results revealed that male veterans exposed to one or two ACEs, but no warfare, were more likely to experience anxiety, depression, suicidal thinking, and angry outbursts than the reference group (i.e., no ACEs and no warfare exposure). Female veterans exposed to one or two ACEs, but no warfare, were only more likely to experience suicidal thinking. Male and female veterans exposed to three or more ACEs and no warfare were more likely to experience probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, suicidality, and angry outbursts. Among those veterans who experienced corollaries of combat only (e.g., seeing someone killed or seriously wounded), male, but not female veterans were more likely to have probable PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Veterans exposed to warfare (i.e., combat and the corollaries of combat), irrespective of ACEs exposure, were the most likely to report mental health symptoms. Implications for community-based mental health services are discussed.
On the Effect of Air Pressure on Strouhal Number

The experimental measurements of reference 1 show an effect of free-stream pressure on Reynolds Number relation for a vortex-shedding cylinder.
Posterior Partial Fundoplications: Indications and Technique

The partial posterior fundoplication (PPF) was first described by Andre Toupet in the early 1960s as an alternative to the perceived faults of the Nissen repair. Since then, PPF has become an increasingly popular technique performed by surgeons worldwide. PPF is indicated in patients with documented gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or after reduction of a hiatal hernia, and is favored over complete fundoplication in patients who have undergone a myotomy for treatment of achalasia. Outcomes after PPF are excellent with the majority of patients reporting improved quality of life, decreased reflux related symptoms, and minimal, if any, dysphagia. The advent of laparoscopic PPF has afforded patients a safe procedure with a shorter hospital stay compared to the open counterpart. In this chapter we review the indications, outcomes, inpatient management, and surgical technique for laparoscopic and open PPF.