cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Translog Model Of Employment Substitution And Economies Of Scale In The U.S. Steel Industry, 2003

The period of 1963-1988 witnessed a tremendous decline in U.S. steel employment while the real wage rate increased slightly in the industry. There is a popular notion that the nominal wage rate is the major factor in explaining the declining steel employment. This study examines the decline in a system of input demand equations based on time series data. The study identifies a heavy cap-italization in the industry as the driving factor for the steel employment decline. This result supports the claim that the high wage rate in the industry is backed up by high productivity and therefore is not responsible for the steel employment decline. Also, the study finds a lot of input substitutions. The study finds diseconomies of scale in the industry, which may explain the decline of the industry.
Lean, light, adaptive, agile and appropriate software development: the case for a less methodical methodology

Historically, the approach to sotware engineering has been based on a search for an optimal (ideal) methodology -- that is, the identification and application of a set of processes, methods and tools that can consistently and predictably lead to software development success. This chapter presents the basis for pursuing a more flexible and adaptive approach to methodology. Less methodical methodologies, under a variety of names, take a contingency-oriented approach. Because of the limitations in the nature of methodology, the high failure rate in software development, the need to develop methodology within an environmental context and the pressures of fast-paced "e-development," the authors argue that further exploration and definition of an adaptive, contingency-based approach to methodology is justified.
Dorsal Dislocation of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint of the Index Finger

1. Dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index is rare. 2. Complete dislocation is almost always irreducible by the closed method and requires open reduction.
Peak Shear and Peak Flow Mediated Dilation: A Time Course Relationship

University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. May 2014. Major: Kinesiology. Advisor: Donald R. Dengel, Ph.D. 1 computer file (PDF); v, 43 pages.
Some issues to notice in the research and quality evaluation of external preparations of traditional Chinese medicine

External preparations of traditional Chinese medicine inherits features of traditional Chinese pharmaceuticals while presenting the application of modern scientific technology in the field of medicine preparations. This paper will discuss some issues that investigators should pay attention to when they work on the preparations, such as the rationality of selecting drug dosage forms, how to select and handle drug auxiliary materials, and how to study medicinal material processing techniques. All these issues were found out during the drug evaluation cases in recent years.
The Functions of Organized Charity in the Progressive Era: Chicago as a Case Study

D ESPITE a widespread interest in related areas of social history, few historians have explored the history of organized charity in the United States. This is especially true of the Charity Organization Society (COS) movement of the late-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.' One reason for this lack of interest may be that scholars have traditionally associated the reforms of the Progressive era with government intervention. From this perspective, the movement, with its emphasis on voluntarism and private control, was a retrogressive phenomenon. The development of professional social work and an environmental theory of the causes of poverty has also made charity organization seem an outdated detour in the making of modern social welfare policy. Scholars who have studied the development of "scientific philanthropy" in America have usually emphasized its transitional function. Robert Bremner locates COS midway between an earlier generation of Americans who dealt with dependency as an "individual" problem and the later social
Rancid Flavor Components of Soybean Oil

Soybean oil was oxidized at 110°C until strong rancid flavor developed, and was distilled at 80°C under 0.050.1mmHg.The volatile flavor components were condensed in a trap cooled with liquid nitrogen and were extracted from trap contents with a few drops of ethyl ether. The flavor concentrate was separated with 10% Na2CO3, Girard's T reagent into three fractions, namely, acid, carbonyl and other compounds (named non-carbonyl), respectively. Each fraction was fractionated by gas chromatography. Isolated compounds were classified by quality test using mercuric acetate, silver oxide and 3-nitro-phthalic anhydride, using at least two stationary phases. Several of them were further verified by infrared spectroscopy.In carbonyl and acid fraction the following compounds were characterized; C2, C5C9 n-alkanal, C4C9 2-alkenal, C7, C10 2, 4-dienal, C2C6 n-saturated fatty acid, and C3C5 unsaturated fatty acid. The noncarbonyl fraction was mainly composed of saturated and unsaturated alcohols, and pent-1-en-3-ol, n-amyl alcohol and oct-1-en-3-ol were identified.
Evaluation of a direct fluorescent antibody staining method for rapid identification of members of the bacteroides fragilis group.

A direct fluorescent antibody test kit (Fluorotec-F, Pfizer Inc., New York, New York) designed for rapid identification of members of the Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG) was evaluated. Tested were 228 clinical specimens (144 direct smears of clinical material, 14 smears of positive blood cultures, and 70 smears of colonies isolated from clinical material) and 49 reference strains of anaerobic bacteria, including 23 members of the BFG. Fluorotec-F detected 68 of 69 (98.5%) members of the BFG, including 55 B. fragilis , 12 B. thetaiotaomicron , and two B. ovatus , identified by cultural methods in all clinical specimens. Three specimens that yielded B. uniformis also fluoresced. Three specimens fluoresced but failed to yield members of the BFG or B. uniformis on culture. Of the 49 reference strains tested, all strains of B. fragilis , B. thetaiotaomicron , and B. uniformis tested were detected by Fluorotec-F, but only five of a total of 14 B. vulgatus , B. distasonis , and B. ovatus tested fluoresced. Of the 25 reference strains of anaerobic bacteria not belonging to the BFG, none fluoresced except for two strains of B. eggerthii . Direct fluorescent antibody staining of smears of clinical specimens suitable for anaerobic culture is a valuable tool for rapid detection of B. fragilis infections.
Search for Protective, Bacteriophagic and Enzymatic Agents in Pneumonic Sputums

Protective Substances in the Serum.-That the serum of convalescent lobar pneumonia patients would protect animals against otherwise fatal doses of pneumococci, was demonstrated first by G. and H. Klemperer,1 later by Roemer,2 Dochez,3 and Clough.4 Boettscher and Einleitung," Seligmann and Klopstock," and Strouse7 were unable to demonstrate any protective substances in the serum of pneumonia patients after crisis. Clough found that serum during the acute stage of the disease, or serum from fatal cases showed no protective power.
The benefits of combining early radionuclide renal scintigraphy with routine bone scans in patients with prostate cancer.

AbstractBased upon the rapid early renal excretion of bone imaging radiopharmaceuticals, we performed a prospective study to determine the use of combining renal evaluation with routine bone scans ...
RSPIRIT: Robust self-consistent parallel imaging reconstruction based on generalized Lasso

In this paper, we propose a novel approach called robust iterative self-consistent parallel imaging reconstruction (RSPIRiT) in parallel magnetic resonance imaging (pMRI). Different from the smooth Tikhonov regularization used in SPIRiT, our model utilizes generalized Lasso to fix calibration errors in the reconstruction process. It results in a non-smooth optimization problem, which we introduce a new primal-dual pMRI algorithm to solve. We conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, compared to state-of-the-art methods.
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for the treatment of bulbous urethral stones.

AbstractExtracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was used to treat multiple, large, bulbous urethral calculi in a paraplegic man. Prior attempt at endoscopic extraction was unsuccessful owing to the size and location of the calculi. Two treatments of 3,000 shocks each resulted in fragmentation of the calculi and, coupled with cystoscopic removal, rendered the urethra free of stone.
Energy: The Master Resource

Everyone has heard a lot about the topic of energy lately, and many people have an opinion on such issues as “U.S. energy independence,” “renewable energy,” “peak oil,” “fracking,” “nuclear energy,” “coal,” and so on. Often where one stands on these issues relates to where one sits politically, with politicians and a compliant media constituting the drivers of the public’s knowledge about energy. Regardless of political ideology, an often thin veneer of “knowledge” is used to support the various opinions. Beneath this veneer lies a wasteland of ignorance about what energy really is, how important it is to modern society, how much is produced, and how much we currently consume—or might be able to consume—in the future. The spectrum of opinions held range from “the end of cheap fossil fuels will cause a death blow to civilization” to “we can easily wean ourselves off of fossil fuels,” to “we have enough fossil fuels to last hundreds of years” to “wind and solar can provide all our energy needs.” Among the least informed, it seems, are the very politicians who often drive the national conversation about energy. Few of them have scientific backgrounds, and all of them feel compelled to address the needs of particular constituencies. The press tends also to be notoriously uninformed, even misinformed, about energy. With all due respect to them and to former Vice President Al Gore, the state of America’s energy security, as well as the enormous shortcomings of most visions of a sustainable future, are much greater “inconvenient truths” than even climate change.
Neonatal Hypoglycemia, Lactic Acidosis, and Pyridoxine-Dependent Epilepsy

Researchers at the University of Toronto, Canada report the case of a 13-month-old girl with neonatal hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, and bilateral symmetrical temporal lobe hemorrhages and thalamic changes on cranial MRI.
Market Orientation in Commodity Marketing: The Necessary Link Between Marketing and Production

A perusal of online information about commodities results in a wealth of information related to the global commodity markets. However, little, if any, of the information provides insight into the actual marketing that occurs in the commodity markets. Since success in commodity marketing relies upon a delicate blending of supply and demand variables, the strategic approach employed in this paper is to explore commodity marketing within the context of customer intimacy, value differentiation, coordinated decision making, and operational excellence. The example provided in the paper shows how supply and demand for a commodity product were examined simultaneously at a relatively large agricultural firm headquartered in South America. Mapping these elements of a market orientation onto this example from an agriculture business shows that commodity markets can have a market orientation even though the product itself has few aspects of differentiation. When implemented successfully, this market orientation will help create margins often lacking in commodity businesses.
Sanitation and Education

I explore whether the absence of school sanitation infrastructure impedes educational attainment, particularly among pubescent-age girls, using a national Indian school latrine construction initiative and administrative school-level data. School latrine construction substantially increases enrollment of pubescent-age girls, though predominately when providing sex-specific latrines. Privacy and safety appear to matter sufficiently for pubescent-age girls that only sex-specific latrines reduce gender disparities. Any latrine substantially benefits younger girls and boys, who may be particularly vulnerable to sickness from uncontained waste. Academic test scores did not increase following latrine construction, however. Estimated increases in enrollment are similar across the substantial variation in Indian district characteristics.
Home Ranges of Ishasha Lions: Size and Location in Relation to Habitat and Prey Availability

ABSTRACT The sizes of African lion home ranges vary widely but tend to correlate with characteristics of the prey populations (e.g. prey density and preferred prey weight). Lion home ranges should be expected to temporally fluctuate according to changes in prey biomass. Here we quantified and compared the home range sizes of lions in Uganda with data collected in the 1970's and that collected in the 2000's. Average range sizes of individual lions were 34.0 and 38.1 km2 for the two prides studied, while pride range was 35.7 and 43.1 km2 (Fixed-kernel method). Surprisingly, we found little variation in size of these home ranges between the two periods assessed. Across both periods, lion home ranges tended to be associated with grassland and wooded grassland to woodland, riverine forest and bushland habitats. The core lion home ranges typically overlapped with habitat where Uganda kob (preferred prey in this region) were most abundant and where most kills were made. Buffalo, topi, and waterbuck are avoided w...
TCTAP C-117 CTO-PCI to RCA with Severe Tortuosity and Lotus Root-like Appearance.

### Patient initials or identifier number YT ### Relevant clinical history and physical exam A 71 years-old male patient suffered from chest oppression on effort and he admitted to our catheterization to undertake re-attempted PCI. He had a chronic total occlusion (CTO) at the mid to distal right
Relationship of Acorn Mast Production to Black Bear Population Growth Rates and Human—Bear Interactions in Northwestern South Carolina

Abstract Acorns represent a critical pulsed food source for American Black Bears (Ursus americanus) in the southern Appalachians, and represent their primary hibernation reserves. We used 20 years of acorn-mast data collected in northwestern South Carolina and examined time-lagged correlations to American Black Bear population growth rates (lambda), human—bear interactions, and bear visitation to bait stations. Our goal was to assess the relative significance of annual indices monitored for state bear management. Our results indicated that lambda was linked to acorn crop quality, although the correlation varied with oak species: positive with white oaks and negative with red oaks. Human—bear interactions were negatively correlated to mast in the same year. There was no significant relation between bait-station visitation and mast or lambda. Overall our study reflects gaps in current monitoring practices, and we provide ideas towards refining them.
DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF INTERFACE BOND STRENGTHS

Research on the bond strength of Ni films on sapphire was conducted. Ni was deposited on a 1.27 cm diameter piece of sapphire 0.32 cm thick. The substrate was impacted with a Cu flyer 0.0064 cm thick at 20kV producing an axial stress of over 6 GPa in a pulse /approximately/32 ns long. The yield strength of Ni is nominally 1.2 GPa and the yield strength of sapphire is >10 GPa. The free-surface velocity of the Ni film was measured using a VISAR argon-ion laser interferometer. The light reflected from the surface of the film is split into two portions one of which is set through a delay. The two portions of reflected light are then mixed. The interference fringes are recorded using photomultipliers. The photomultiplier data are recorded and stored digitally. A five point running average is made of the raw data in order to smooth the photon noise. The velocity history of the free surface of the film is calculated using the time delay of the etalon block, its index of refraction, and the laser frequency. 8 refs., 4 figs.
Convirtiendo a los vivos, disputando a los muertos: evangelización, identidad y los ancestros

Christian mortuary rites and practices were considered an important component of the successful evangelization of native Andeans, but historical documents account long-term campaigns to eradicate native mortuary practices and the persistence of the ancestor cult and idolatrous practices long after the first efforts of Christianization. In this presentation, we discuss different interpretations of natives buried as Christians from different regions of the Americas, as well as the various native responses to evangelization efforts from the perspective of bioarchaeology. Drawing from postcolonial theory and interpretive archaeology, we investigate different native and Spanish strategies, including accommodation, mimicry, ambivalence, and hybridity.
Opposing and Complementary Topographic Connectivity Gradients Revealed by Quantitative Analysis of Canonical and Noncanonical Hippocampal CA1 Inputs

Physiological studies suggest spatial representation gradients along the CA1 proximodistal axis. To determine the underlying anatomical basis, we quantitatively mapped canonical and noncanonical inputs to excitatory neurons in dorsal hippocampal CA1 along the proximal-distal axis in mice of both sexes using monosynaptic rabies tracing. Our quantitative analyses show comparable strength of subiculum complex and entorhinal cortex (EC) inputs to CA1, significant inputs from presubiculum and parasubiculum to CA1, and a threefold stronger input to proximal versus distal CA1 from CA3. Noncanonical subicular complex inputs exhibit opposing topographic connectivity gradients whereby the subiculum-CA1 input strength systematically increases but the presubiculum-CA1 input strength decreases along the proximal-distal axis. The subiculum input strength cotracks that of the lateral EC, known to be less spatially selective than the medial EC. The functional significance of this organization is verified physiologically for subiculum-to-CA1 inputs. These results reveal a novel anatomical framework by which to determine the circuit bases for CA1 representations.
Strong coupling of 2D excitons to surface lattice modes of plasmonic crystals

We demonstrate strong coupling of 2D excitons in monolayer WSe2 to surface lattice modes of a plasmonic crystal resulting in large Rabi splitting of 95 meV at room temperature.
An HF-radar search for the effects of earth satellites upon the ionosphere

Several investigators have interpreted experimental data as evidence that the passage of artificial earth satellites creates large-scale disturbances in the ionosphere. In an effort to check this hypothesis, a search for such effects in the immediate vicinity of Sputnik III and Echo I has been conducted with the aid of an HF radar having a comparatively broad beamwidth, both in azimuth and in elevation. Possible satellite-associated disturbances were sought both as direct reflections from the vicinity of the vehicle and as perturbations within the F layer sufficient to alter the structure and appearance of ground backscatter mirrored by that layer. A total of 139 acceptable observations were made. In all this work, the fundamental assumption was made that, if an effect were produced, it would be closely associated with the satellite passage in time, and it would also occur comparatively close to the satellite's track in space. No observed returns could be attributed to direct reflection. Many layer anomalies were found to occur at locations below orbiting vehicles, at times close to the time of vehicle passage. Subsequent study of these anomalies, and comparison with statistical and other characteristics of natural changes, did not provide any basis for believing the anomalies to be satellite-caused.
Billard in Kegelschnitten und Quadriken

Der Stoff, um den es in diesem Kapitel geht, umfasst Erkenntnisse aus rund 2000 Jahren: Die optischen Eigenschaften von Kegelschnitten waren bereits den alten Griechen bekannt, wahrend die vollstandige Integrabilitat des geodatischen Flusses auf dem Ellipsoid eine Entdeckung der Mathematik des 19. Jahrhunderts ist (Jacobi zeigte sie fur ein triaxiales Ellipsoid).
Borel and Analytic Sets

This chapter covers some of the basic theory of Borel and Analytic Sets in the context of the real line. We define analytic sets using the Suslin operation, and show that they have all the regularity properties (measurability, Baire property, perfect set property), and therefore satisfy the continuum hypothesis—the best result possible without additional axioms. Along the way we obtain the Lusin Separation Theorem, Suslin’s theorem, the boundedness theorem, and an example of a non-Borel analytic set.
Empowered with Movement to Prevent Obesity & Weight Regain (EMPOWER): Design and methods.

Abstract Promoting lasting weight loss among older adults is an important public health challenge. Participation in physical activity aids in weight loss and is important for the maintenance of physical function and quality of life. However, traditional intensive lifestyle interventions place a focus on discrete bouts of structured activity, leaving much of the remainder of the day for sedentary behavior. Structured exercise and weight loss programs often produce short-term weight loss that is typically followed by weight regain, and older adults are more likely to regain weight as fat mass rather than lean mass. Preliminary evidence suggests a focus on day-long movement intended to minimize time spent sitting produces better short-term weight loss and weight maintenance. Herein we describe the design and methods for a three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mHealth-supported weight loss (WL) + structured exercise (EX); WL + a novel daily movement intervention (SitLess); and WL + EX + SitLess. Older adults (N = 180) will be randomly assigned to one of the three interventions, each comprised of a 6-month intensive phase; a 3-month transition phase; and a 9-month maintenance phase. The primary aim of the study is to determine whether the addition of SitLess to a traditional intensive lifestyle intervention comprised of dietary weight loss and structured exercise produces a larger 18-month reduction in body weight relative to WL + EX and WL + SitLess.
Postoperative Urinary Retention Rates after Autofill versus Backfill Void Trial following Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

ABSTRACT Study Objective To compare the rate of postoperative urinary retention (POUR) after total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) using the autofill versus the backfill void trial. Secondary objectives were to compare the time to discharge from the recovery room, rate of postoperative urinary tract infection (UTI), perceived bladder condition, bladder function impact on life, and patient satisfaction. Design Randomized controlled trial. Setting Single academic medical center. Patients Women who underwent TLH by conventional laparoscopy or robotic-assisted laparoscopy for benign non-urogynecologic indications. Interventions After TLH, participants were randomized to have an autofill void trial (group A) or a backfill void trial once able to ambulate (group B). Failure rate, time to discharge, and UTI rate were assessed. Participants completed the patient perception of bladder condition (PPBC) and the incontinence impact questionnaire-short form (IIQ-7) questionnaires. Patient satisfaction was assessed. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of POUR. Measurements and Main Results 82 participants completed the study after randomization: 42 in group A and 40 in group B. There were no statistically significant differences in demographic or perioperative outcomes. Seven participants had POUR in group A (16.7%) and 11 in group B (27.5%) (p = .36). The median time to discharge was 176 minutes for group A [160.5, 255.5] and 218 minutes for group B [180, 265] (p = 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in rate of postoperative UTI (p = 1.00), PPBC scores (p = 0.24), IIQ-7 scores (p = 0.23), and patient satisfaction scores (p = 0.26). A stepwise logistic regression analysis did not demonstrate any predictors of POUR. Conclusion Backfill void trial once the participant was able to ambulate was not superior to the autofill void trial with respect to the rate of POUR.. The autofill void trial resulted in faster same-day discharge.
Blood pressure and outcome post mechanical thrombectomy.

Abstract Data on the blood pressure (BP) following mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is limited. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the correlation between BP and functional outcome following MT. We included patients who received MT between 6/12014 and 2/2017 at our institution. BP data included systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BP readings recorded on an hourly interval for 24 h post-procedure. Functional outcome was assessed using 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Good outcome was defined as mRS ≤ 2, and poor outcome as mRS 3–6. A total of 298 patients were included. Mean age was 66.8 ± 15.2 years; 51% of patients were female, and mean NIHSS was 15.4 ± 7.7. Average systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 121 ± 11.5 mm Hg in the good outcome group and 125 ± 12.5 mm Hg in the poor outcome; P
Dying Neurons Utilize Innate Immune Signaling to Prime Glia for Phagocytosis during Development.

Summary Glia continuously survey neuronal health during development, providing trophic support to healthy neurons while rapidly engulfing dying ones. These diametrically opposed functions necessitate a foolproof mechanism enabling glia to unambiguously identify those neurons to support versus those to engulf. To ensure specificity, glia are proposed to interact with dying neurons via a series of carefully choreographed steps. However, these crucial interactions are largely obscure. Here we show that dying neurons and glia communicate via Toll-receptor-regulated innate immune signaling. Neuronal apoptosis drives processing and activation of the Toll-6 ligand, Spatzle5. This cue activates a dSARM-mediated Toll-6 transcriptional pathway in glia, which controls the expression of the Draper engulfment receptor. Pathway loss drives early-onset neurodegeneration, underscoring its functional importance. Our results identify an upstream priming signal that prepares glia for phagocytosis. Thus, a core innate immune pathway plays an unprecedented role setting the valence of neuron-glia interactions during development.
Laparoscopic Percutaneous Extraperitoneal Internal Ring Closure for Pediatric Inguinal Hernia: 1,142 Cases

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to summarize the clinical experience of the laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure of the internal ring using an epidural needle for the treatment of inguinal hernias. Methods: There were 1,142 children with an isolated inguinal hernia who participated in this study from January 2013 to May 2018. An epidural needle was used to treat the indirect inguinal hernia with laparoscopic assistance. Symptoms and signs were followed up at 1 week, 3 months, and every 1-2 years after the operation. Results: All 1,142 children underwent laparoscopic surgery successfully. All patients were discharged 1-2 days after the operation. During the hospitalization and follow-up, there were 21 patients with complications, including 6 cases of hernia recurrence, 7 cases of poor healing of the umbilical incision, 5 cases of suture granuloma and 3 cases of groin traction pain discomfort. None of the following complications occurred: abdominal wall vascular injury, deferent duct injury, umbilical hernia, iatrogenic cryptorchidism, testicular atrophy, hydrocele, or scrotal oedema. Conclusion: Laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure of the internal ring using an epidural needle is a safe and feasible method for the treatment of inguinal hernias in children. This method has the advantages of less trauma, no scarring and a good cosmetic effect.
Characterization of immunoglobulin light chain utilization and variable family diversity in rainbow trout

Abstract This study characterizes immunoglobulin light chain (IgL) expression and variable family usage in rainbow trout. IgL transcripts were generated by 5’ RACE from both immune and TNP-KLH immunized fish. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the IgL variable regions clustered into seven different families: three kappa families (two newly described in this study), three sigma families, and a single lambda family. IgL1 and IgL3 transcripts expressing identical variable regions were identified and genomic analysis revealed that the two isotypes are co-localized on chromosomes 7, 15, 18, and 21 allowing for potential rearrangement between clusters. Fish were immunized with TNP-KLH (n = 5) and percent expression of IgL1, IgL2, IgL3, and IgL4 measured by qRT-PCR from immune tissues and magnetically sorted TNP-specific lymphocyte populations. In all samples IgL1 constituted 80–95% of the transcripts. The percentage of anti-TNP specific IgL1 transcripts was measured in naive, unsorted, and TNP-specific cell populations of TNP-KLH fish (n = 3) and found to be significantly higher in the TNP positive cell population (21%) compared to the naive population (1%; p = 0.02) suggesting that there is a selection of TNP specific IgL sequences.
Sweet Syndrome in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

Sweet syndrome is a rare dermatologic disorder characterized by sterile neutrophilic infiltrate. Neutrophilic dermatoses have increasingly been recognized in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, with the notable exception of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA)1. A 46-year-old man with asthma presented with fever, dyspnea, difficulty ambulating, and a severe rash. Erythematous tender dermal plaques were present across his scalp (Figure 1). Labs were notable for leukocytosis with striking eosinophilia (absolute eosinophil count 7.75), high-titer myeloperoxidase …
Digital Narrative, Documents and Interactive Public History

To date, the implications and potential of interactive digital narrative have had a limited effect on history as an academic discipline. This project is an attempt to form a dialogue between the practice of historians and the rich scholarship on interactive narrative already undertaken by literary theorists, researchers of interactive systems, scholars of media studies, and practicing creative technologists. Probing the narrative devices common to the production of historical work, this VR project uses Maya, Unity, and a range of visual and aural historical sources from Republican-era China (1912–1949) to offer a digital demonstration of the possibilities of combining interactive digital narrative with long accepted materials and modes of historical production. Specifically, our project focuses on making accessible to a global audience the stories of several scientists and historical factories key to the rise of the renewable energy industry in China during the 1940s. In turn, we hope that we can offer participants in the interactive digital storytelling community a few thoughts on the potential of collaboration with historians via the avenue of “public history”.
Graph-theoretical Analysis of EEG Functional Connectivity during Balance Perturbation in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) often results in balance impairment, increasing the risk of falls, and the chances of further injuries. However, the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms of postural control after TBI are not well understood. To this end, we conducted a pilot study with a multimodal approach of EEG, MRI, and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) to explore the neural mechanisms of unpredictable balance perturbations in 17 chronic TBI participants and 15 matched Healthy Controls (HC). As quantitative measures of the functional integration and segregation of the brain networks during the postural task, we computed the global graph-theoretic network measures (global efficiency and modularity) of brain functional connectivity derived from source-space EEG in different frequency bands. We observed that the TBI group showed a lower balance performance as measured by the Center of Pressure (COP) displacement during the task, and the Berg Balance Scale. They also showed altered brain activation and connectivity during the balance task. In particular, the task modulation of brain network segregation in alpha-band was reduced in TBI. Moreover, the DTI findings revealed that the structural damage is associated with reduced network connectivity and integration. In terms of the neural correlates, we observed a distinct role played by different frequency bands; greater theta-band modularity during the task was strongly correlated with the BBS in the TBI group; alpha-band and beta-band graph-theoretic measures were associated with the measures of white matter structural integrity. Our future studies will focus on how postural training will modulate the functional brain networks in TBI.
An Alter-Centric Perspective on the Origins of Brokerage in Social Networks: How Perceived Empathy Moderates the Self-Monitoring Effect

Social structure matters in organizational life, but our understanding of the origins of social network structure remains limited. In this paper, we observe that the literature on individual differences and social networks focuses almost exclusively on ego’s views of herself and of her network. Our approach complements this ego-centric perspective with a more alter-centric view, in which others’ perceptions of and reactions to ego’s personality and relational behavior shape the structure of ego’s network. Our alter-centric perspective builds on earlier evidence that the construct of self-monitoring is associated with brokerage, but suggests that the effect of self-monitoring on brokerage is amplified in those perceived as highly empathic and attenuated in those perceived as lower in empathy. A mechanism that underlies this effect is the greater propensity of others to reciprocate the social interactions of high-empathy, compared to low-empathy, high self-monitors. We find support for these predictions in a study of the dynamic emergence of a social network among a complete cohort of MBA students and conclude that alters are active agents in the formation of ego’s network.
Why Class Actions Are Something both Liberals and Conservatives Can Love

In Professor Redish’s review of my new book, The Conservative Case for Class Actions, he argues that liberals should oppose the class action because the cy pres doctrine used to distribute settlement money is democratically illegitimate and that conservatives should oppose it because it is inferior to government policing of the marketplace or no policing at all. But cy pres is a longstanding common law doctrine and relying on it is no more illegitimate than relying on any other common law doctrine that has not been abrogated by legislation. Moreover, contrary to popular caricatures, conservatives actually do believe the marketplace needs some policing, and, for all the reasons we prefer private solutions over government solutions in other areas, we should prefer a private police force staffed with class action lawyers over government bureaucrats.
Eye Tracking and Learning Analytics for Promoting Proactive Teaching and Learning in Classroom: A Survey

While an increasing amount of teaching methodologies, technologies, and equipment has been commonly used in learning, it has not bridged the gap to efficiently promote proactive teaching and learning beyond just learning and knowing how to use them. This paper is intended to aid the researchers and educators to discover valuable insights into student learning and learning trajectories for better decision making based on available resource including hardware, software, data, and methods. To this end, we conduct a systematic literature review on eye tracking and multimodal learning analytics for promoting active teaching and learning in classrooms. Based on review of literature, we then describe technical barriers, opportunities and challenges in the literature and suggest future research directions so as to promote proactive teaching and learning and learning environment evolution.
Plagiarism and data falsification are the most common reasons for retracted publications in obstetrics and gynaecology

Objective To determine the number of retracted articles and to examine the reasons for retraction within the obstetrics and gynaecology literature. Design Retrospective review of the PubMed database. Setting N/A. Population Obstetrics and gynaecology articles published from indexation until June 2018. Methods Articles were identified using keywords for retracted articles in obstetrics and gynaecology. Descriptive statistics were performed. Main outcome measures Incidence of article retraction, the reasons given for retraction, and article demographics. Results A total of 176 articles were identified with a median time to retraction of 2 years; over three-quarters were retracted within the last decade (n = 136; 77.3%). The median journal impact factor was 2.5 (range of 0.26-52.67). Subspecialties with the highest number of retractions were gynaecological oncology (n = 76; 43.2%), gynaecology (n = 36; 20.5%), and obstetrics (n = 31; 17.6%). Among 176 first authors, 18 authors (10.2%) had two or more retracted articles. Clinical research articles accounted for approximately one-half of the retracted articles (n = 87; 49.4%). Among the clinical studies, 10.2% (n = 18) were randomised control trials, 16.5% (n = 29) were prospective trials and 13.1% (n = 23) were retrospective studies. Plagiarism (n = 40; 22.7%) and data falsification (n = 37; 21.0%) were the most common reasons given for retraction. Conclusion Article retraction within the obstetrics and gynaecology literature is increasing. The most frequently cited reasons for article retractions were plagiarism, errors in data, fabricated results, article duplication, and compromised peer review. Consequences of article retractions to patient care and the scientific community can be significant. The thorough screening of manuscripts prior to publication should be prioritised. Tweetable abstract The rate of retraction in obstetrics and gynaecology is increasing; the most common reason for retraction is plagiarism.
Temperature dependence of field-response mechanisms in 0.4Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–0.6(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3

Understanding the temperature dependence of how ferroelectric materials respond to electric fields is critical for determining how best to use these materials in applications. Here, temperature dependent in situ x-ray diffraction is used to study how field-response mechanism Ba ( Zr 0.2 Ti 0.8 ) O 3– x ( Ba 0.7 Ca 0.3 ) TiO 3 evolves with temperature. Increasing the measurement temperature was found to slightly reduce the extent of domain reversal and the magnitude of the 111 lattice strain. Instead, these results indicate that temperature predominantly impacted the angular dependence of the 002/200 lattice strain. We attribute the observed differences in 002/200 lattice strain to the flattening of the free-energy near the tetragonal-orthorhombic phase boundary, where the flattening of the energy landscape promotes a polarization rotation response during the application of electric fields at room temperature.
Freedom and Disagreement in a Democracy

This chapter analyzes the gradual shift in the understanding of freedom from the time of John Locke and John Stuart Mill onward. It first considers why it is that the value of freedom, safeguarded in the democratic form of government, gives rise to some serious concerns, and leads to a temptation to restrict the freedom of others. The chapter then considers Locke’s views in his A Letter Concerning Toleration (1689), and his struggle concerning how to define some limit to the practice of tolerance in society. This naturally leads to a discussion of Mill’s harm principle, his three spheres of human freedom, and his three arguments for freedom of expression. We argue and illustrate that Mill’s influential views move democratic society and culture toward the absolutizing of freedom, a situation that brings democracy closer to relativism. Relativism exacerbates the problem of worldview pluralism and creates a temptation to suppress views we find objectionable; the chapter concludes by considering five ways that this occurs in modern democratic culture.
Stakeholder Perceptions of Specialized Accreditation by the Aviation Accreditation Board International: Part Three – Level of Awareness and Perceived Value

In an effort to understand the current status of specialized accreditation in collegiate aviation and the reasons why so few aviation programs are accredited by the Aviation Accreditation Board International (AABI), a comprehensive study was undertaken to determine the perceptions held by the following four stakeholders of collegiate aviation regarding specialized accreditation by AABI: administrators of both AABI accredited and non-AABI accredited aviation programs, aviation program students, and aviation industry employers. This article is the third in a series of three reporting the results of this nationwide study. Recommendations specific to part three of this nationwide study include: (a) AABI should develop a comprehensive marketing program aimed toward the various stakeholders of collegiate aviation, (b) AABI should seek enhanced collaboration with industry, and (c) AABI should explore the intrinsic merits of accreditation to truly determine how beneficial AABI accreditation is and the degree to which AABI is fulfilling its original purpose.
The Complexity of Families of Cells

It will become apparent in Chapters 7 through 15 of this book that many computational problems in geometry can be solved by constructing arrangements of hyperplanes. Unfortunately, the rather large number of faces of arrangements entails the use of large amounts of storage. It is thus advantageous to construct only part of an arrangement whenever the problem at hand admits it. Examples of useful structures in arrangements are single cells or faces (see Chapter 8), zones (see Chapters 5 and 7), stabbing regions (see Chapter 15), and levels (see Chapters 3, 9, and 13).
Automated assessment of pain in rats using a voluntarily accessed static weight-bearing test.

Abstract The weight-bearing test is one method to assess pain in rodent animal models; however, the acceptance of this convenient method is limited by the low throughput data acquisition and necessity of confining the rodents to a small chamber. New methods We developed novel data acquisition hardware and software, data analysis software, and a conditioning protocol for an automated high throughput static weight-bearing assessment of pain. With this device, the rats voluntarily enter the weighing chamber, precluding the necessity to restrain the animals and thereby removing the potential stress-induced confounds as well as operator selection bias during data collection. We name this device the Voluntarily Accessed Static Incapacitance Chamber (VASIC). Results Control rats subjected to the VASIC device provided hundreds of weight-bearing data points in a single behavioral assay. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) surgery and paw pad injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or carrageenan in rats generated hundreds of weight-bearing data during a 30 minute recording session. Rats subjected to CCI, CFA, or carrageenan demonstrated the expected bias in weight distribution favoring the un-operated leg, and the analgesic effect of i.p. morphine was demonstrated. In comparison with existing methods, brief water restriction encouraged the rats to enter the weighing chamber to access water, and an infrared detector confirmed the rat position with feet properly positioned on the footplates, triggering data collection. This allowed hands-off measurement of weight distribution data reducing operator selection bias. Conclusion The VASIC device should enhance the hands-free parallel collection of unbiased weight-bearing data in a high throughput manner, allowing further testing of this behavioral measure as an effective assessment of pain in rodents.
Bayesian Methods and Modeling

A recent article in Science magazine (286, 19 November 1999, pp. 1460–1464) noted the rejuvenation of the Bayesian inference paradigm and its increasingly warmer reception in the scientific community. Pertinent here, is its recent application to a wide range of environmetrics problems, allowing inferential capability that may not be available using classical methodology. This article provides a brief overview of Bayesian methodology and modeling beginning with Bayes' theorem. It then elaborates the Bayesian inference paradigm and the Bayesian modeling perspective. Historically, computation was the major impediment to the use of Bayesian analysis for complex models. Now, the wide availability of inexpensive, fast computing combined with breakthroughs in simulation-based model fitting have removed this impediment. Bayesian models, which were formerly infeasible to examine, can now be fitted. More realistic models can be investigated.
A Visualization Tool for One- and Two-Way Analysis of Variance.

Analysis of variance (ANOVA), a technique included in many introductory statistics courses, analyzes the relationship between a quantitative dependent variable and one or more independent qualitati...
E-Mails, Statutes, and Personality Disorders: A Contextual Examination of the Processes, Interventions, and Perspectives of Parenting Coordinators

The current study uses a survey instrument to examine parenting coordination through the lens of Bronfenbrenner's Person, Process, Context, Time (PPCT) model. The survey focused on contextual factors such as statutes, local rules, interpersonal characteristics, dynamics of the clients, and background characteristics of parenting coordinators. Responses from a sample of PCs were obtained using list serves and a snowball sampling procedure. Results included the extent to which the parenting coordination process occurs through email and other technology rather than in-person sessions. Mental health disorders and inability to pay were primary barriers to the PC process. Key Points for the Family Court Community: •There are many potential factors, both inside and outside a PC case, that influence the decisions that practitioners make when working with clients and, ultimately, on the results of the process. •The most salient contextual factors that influence the PC process were formal rules (statutes and/or local rules), interpersonal characteristics of the participants (personality disorders, socio-economic factors), and background characteristics of the PC (education, experience).