cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endocytic processing of adeno-associated virus type 8 vectors for transduction of target cells

We investigated the transduction of HEK293T cells permissive to adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8) to understand the mechanisms underlying its endocytic processing. Results showed that AAV8 enters cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis followed by trafficking through various endosomal compartments. Interestingly, compared to the relatively well-characterized AAV2, a distinct involvement of late endosomes was observed for AAV8 trafficking within the target cell. AAV8 particles were also shown to exploit the cytoskeleton network to facilitate their transport within cells. Moreover, the cellular factors involved during endosomal escape were examined by an in vitro membrane permeabilization assay. Our data demonstrated that an acidic endosomal environment was required for AAV2 penetration through endosomal membranes and that the cellular endoprotease furin could promote AAV2 escape from the early endosomes. In contrast, these factors were not sufficient for AAV8 penetration through endosomal membranes. We further found that the ubiquitin-proteasome system is likely involved in the intracellular transport of AAV8 to nucleus. Taken together, our data have shed some light on the intracellular trafficking pathways of AAV8, which, in turn, could provide insight for potentializing AAV-mediated gene delivery.
A correlated ab initio study of Karplus relations for model peptides

The equation-of-motion coupled cluster (EOM-CCSD) method was employed to study the variation of proton–proton NMR spin–spin coupling constants with the dihedral angle for coupled protons while all other bond lengths and angles were allowed to relax. N-Methylacetamide was chosen as a frequently studied prototype of substantial experimental interest. The constants (A, B and C) governing the behavior of the coupling constants with the dihedral angle were determined in a fully ab initio, correlated manner and were compared with others in the literature. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Cybernetic Model of Economic Development

(1971). A Cybernetic Model of Economic Development. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 191-203.
Application of ultrasound for nanomaterials synthesis

This paper presents some results of our group in the development of ultrasound and its application for nanomaterials synthesis. By using ultrasound, we successfully synthesised nanotubes of TiO2 and TiO2-ZrO2 composite that is used for the synthesis of PZT ceramic at low sintering temperature.
Genesis: a distributed database operating system

AbSMCt An approach to the architecture of distributed databases is presented, oriented around extensive embeddmg of database prinntives in the underlying distributed operating system. It is shown that this approach greatly reduces the effort required to provide high quality distributed database services. Substantial portions of this approach are implemented and are operational as extensions to the Locus distributed Unix operating system. TIns paper describes the approach, compares it with other work, argues why rt is attractive and what drawbacks are present, and lays out what has been done and what remains.
Role of Rab5 in EGF receptor-mediated signal transduction

Activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) recruits intracellular proteins that mediate receptor trafficking and signaling. Rab5 and Rin1, a multifunctional protein with a Rab5 guanine nucleotide exchange factor domain, have been shown to regulate EGFR endocytosis (Barbieri et al., 2000; Tall et al., 2001). In this study, we demonstrate that overexpression of both dominant negative Rab5 (Rab5: S34N) and full-length Rin1 selectively block EGF activation of the Raf-Erk1/2 kinase pathway and EGF-stimulated incorporation of [ 3 H]thymidine into DNA without affecting the activity of JN and p38 kinase pathways. Expression of Rab5: S34N and Rin1 also block EGF induction of cyclin D1 transcription. In contrast, expression of Rin1: Δ, a natural splice variant of Rin1 lacking 47 amino acids in the Vps9p domain or Rab5, increase both activation of Raf-Erk1/2- and cyclin D1 transcription in response to EGF. These results indicate that Rab5 and the Raf/Erk signal transduction pathway play essential and selective roles in EGF-induced cell proliferation, and highlight a new function for Rab5 in EGF signaling.
Space-time trade-offs on the FFT algorithm

The performance of the fast Fourier transfmm algorithm is examined under limitations on computational space and time. It is shown that if the algorithm with n inputs, n as a power of two, is implemented with S temporary locations where S=o(n/ \log n) , then the computation time T grows faster than n \log n . Furthermore, T can grow as fast as n^{2} if S=S_{min} + O(1) where S_{min}=l+\log_{2}n , the minimum necessary. These results are obtained by deriving tight bounds on T versus S and n .
Release of plasminogen activator and a calcium-dependent metalloprotease from cultured sympathetic and sensory neurons.

Abstract Cultures of neurons from neonatal rat superior cervical, dorsal root, and trigeminal ganglia were grown in the absence of nonneuronal cells in serum-free defined medium. Proteins metabolically labeled with radioactive amino acids and spontaneously released into the culture medium were studied using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and photofluorography. All three populations of neurons released 12–15 major proteins into the culture medium. Four proteins were released selectively by sympathetic neurons and two proteins were consistently released by both populations of sensory neurons but not by sympathetic neurons. Enzymatic activities are associated with at least two of the released proteins. One is a calcium-dependent metalloprotease, and the other a plasminogen activator. The calcium-dependent metalloprotease has a MW of 62 kDa, requires millimolar calcium for maximum activity, and has a restricted substrate specificity. It degraded native and denatured collagen more readily than casein, albumin, or fibronectin and denatured collagen (gelatin) was a better substrate than native collagen. The plasminogen activator released by neurons has a MW of 51 kDa and is converted to an active 32 kDa form. Its physiochemical properties are similar to urokinase and it was precipitated by a rabbit antiserum produced against human urokinase. A large fraction of both proteases was released by distal processes and/or growth cones suggesting that these proteases could be involved in growth cone functions.
ALLEVIATING ECOLOGICAL BIAS IN POISSON MODELS USING OPTIMAL SUBSAMPLING: THE EFFECTS OF JIM CROW ON BLACK ILLITERACY IN THE ROBINSON DATA

In many situations, data are available at some aggregate level, but one wishes to estimate the individual-level association between a response and an explanatory variable (or variables). Unfortunately, this endeavor is fraught with difficulties because of the ecological level of the data. The only reliable approach for overcoming the inherent identifiability problem associated with the analysis of ecological data is to supplement the ecological data with individual-level data. In this article, the authors illustrate the benefits of gathering individual-level data in the context of a Poisson modeling framework. Additionally, they derive optimal designs that allow the individual samples to be chosen so that information with respect to a particular model is maximized. The methods are illustrated using Robinson’s classic data on illiteracy rates. The authors show that the optimal design, if used
Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Pelham, Wheeler, and Chronis (1998) reviewed the treatment literature on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and concluded behavioral parent training (BPT) and behavioral classroom management (BCM) were well-established treatments for children with ADHD. This review updates and extends the finding of the prior review. Studies conducted since the 1998 review were identified and coded based on standard criteria, and effect sizes were calculated where appropriate. The review reinforces the conclusions of Pelham, Wheeler, and Chronis regarding BPT and BCM. Further, the review shows that intensive peer-focused behavioral interventions implemented in recreational settings (e.g., summer programs) are also well-established. The results of this update are discussed in the context of the existing treatment literature on ADHD. Implications for practice guidelines are suggested, as are directions for future research.
An Analysis of Transmission, Line Audible Noise Levels Based Upon Field and Three-Phase Test Line Measurements

Audible noise measurements on a three-phase test line have been made on four conductor configurations energized at 525 kVL_ L. A statistical analysis of the resulting noise levIels is presented. In addition to being energized three phase, the test line was energized single phase and a comparison is made with single-phase laboratory test results. The noise level from a four-bundle configuration at reduced phase spacing simulating 735-kV operation is evaluated.
Pattern-generator-driven development in self-organizing models

Self-organizing models develop realistic cortical structures when given approximations of the visual environment as input. Recently it has been proposed that internally generated input patterns, such as those found in the developing retina and in PGO waves during REM sleep, may have the same effect. Internal pattern generators would constitute an efficient way to specify, develop, and maintain functionally appropriate perceptual organization. They may help express complex structures from minimal genetic information, and retain this genetic structure within a highly plastic system. Simulations with the RF-LISSOM orientation map model indicate that such preorganization is possible, providing a computational framework for examining how genetic influences interact with visual experience.
Current advances in understanding and managing secondary brain metastasis

Metastatic brain tumors are the number one cause of intracranial neoplasms in adults and are associated with higher morbidity and mortality. The frequency of metastatic brain tumors is increasing because of improved survival in cancer patients. The molecular mechanism of brain metastasis is complex and not completely known. Vasogenic edema produced by tumor-derived VEGF is responsible for clinical symptoms. Dexamethasone remains the mainstay of medical management with not completely known mechanisms of action. Surgery and radiation are the main treatment modalities for metastatic brain tumors. Systemic chemotherapy has a very limited role in treatment of these tumors. Leptomeningeal metastasis is associated with extremely poor outcome.
INTRASEXUAL TERRITORIALITY IN WOODCHUCKS (MARMOTA MONAX)

Species demonstrating intraspecific variation in social systems can be powerful models for understanding evolution of those systems. As a group, marmots exhibit several types of spacing systems, usually involving some degree of territoriality. Researchers have described populations of 1 species, the woodchuck, Marmota monax, as territorial and as nonterritorial, and such variation has been linked to ecological conditions. I used direct observations of individually recognized animals to describe the spacing system of a high-density population of Marmota monax in southern Maine. This population exhibited intrasexual territoriality. Home range overlap generally was higher between males and females than between same-sex individuals, and woodchucks tended to approach more members of the same sex more quickly compared with members of the opposite sex. Time spent scent marking varied across the active season but did not vary by sex. Males had larger home ranges than females, and home range sizes varied over time, perhaps in response to resources. Amount of overlap also was greater in some years than others, and such changes may be related to kinship. Philopatry and timing of dispersal also vary in this species and have implications for the evolution of sociality.
School Lunch-Link to Learning

(1953). School Lunch-Link to Learning. Journal of the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation: Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 6-30.
Comparative Effectiveness of Single versus Combination Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Infections after Transrectal Prostate Biopsy

An increase in fluoroquinolone resistance and transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate (TRUS) biopsy infections has prompted the need for alternative effective antibiotic prophylaxis. We aimed to compare ciprofloxacin and other single-agent therapies to combination therapy for efficacy and adverse effects. Men who underwent a TRUS biopsy within the VA Boston health care system with documented receipt of prophylactic antibiotics periprocedure were eligible for inclusion. Postprocedure infections within 30 days were ascertained by chart review from electronic records, including any inpatient, outpatient, or urgent-care visits. Among 455 evaluable men over a 3-year period, there were 25 infections (5.49%), with sepsis occurring in 2.4%, urinary tract infections (UTI) in 1.54%, and bacteremia in 0.44% of patients. Escherichia coli was the most common urine (89%) and blood (92%) pathogen, with fluoroquinolone resistance rates of 88% and 91%, respectively. Ciprofloxacin alone was associated with significantly more infections than ciprofloxacin plus an additional agent (P = 0.014). Intramuscular gentamicin alone was also significantly associated with a higher infection rate obtained with all other regimens (P = 0.004). Any single-agent regimen, including ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, or gentamicin, was associated with significantly higher infection rates than any combination regimen (odds ratio [OR], 4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47, 10.85; P = 0.004). Diabetes, immunosuppressive condition or medication, hospitalization within the previous year, and UTI within the previous 6 months were not associated with infection risk. Clostridium difficile infections were similar. These findings suggest that ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and gentamicin alone are inferior to a combination regimen. Institutions with high failure rates of prophylaxis for TRUS biopsies should consider combination regimens derived from their local data.
Abrupt Climatic Changes Associated with the Arid Younger Dryas Interval in Africa

The European Younger Dryas (YD) event, a cool period that interrupted northern hemisphere deglaciation ca. 11 to 10 × 103 14C yr BP (ka), has an arid counterpart in Africa. We present new high-resolution palynological evidence from Lake Albert, East Africa indicating that tropical aridity began at 11.5 ka and terminated abruptly around 9.8 ka. This ca. 1700 yr arid event was punctuated by a brief period of somewhat moister conditions between 10.9 and 10.4 ka. The multi-phasic nature of this event appears to be widespread in Africa. These observations carry implications for the mechanisms applied to explain North Atlantic Younger Dryas signals.
Bullying Victimization Among School-Aged Immigrant Youth in the United States.

Abstract Purpose Bullying is a serious sociodevelopmental issue associated with a range of short- and long-term problems among youth who are bullied. Although race and ethnicity have been studied, less attention has been paid to examining prevalence and correlates of bullying victimization among immigrant youth. Methods Using data from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (N = 12,098), we examined prevalence and correlates of bullying victimization among U.S. immigrant youth. Results After controlling for several demographic variables, findings indicate that immigrant youth are more likely to experience bullying victimization than native-born youth. Furthermore, immigrant youth who experience bullying victimization were more likely to report interpersonal, socioemotional, health, and substance use problems. Conclusions Given the greater risk and unique challenges experienced by immigrant youth, prevention and intervention programs may need to be tailored to their specific needs and circumstances. Further research is needed to understand the specific factors and mechanisms involved in bullying victimization among immigrant youth.
Ventilation System Effectiveness and Tested Indoor Air Quality Impacts

In this project, Building America research team Building Science Corporation tested the effectiveness of ventilation systems at two unoccupied, single-family, detached lab homes at the University of Texas - Tyler. Five ventilation system tests were conducted with various whole-building ventilation systems. Multizone fan pressurization testing characterized building and zone enclosure leakage. PFT testing showed multizone air change rates and interzonal airflow. Cumulative particle counts for six particle sizes, and formaldehyde and other Top 20 VOC concentrations were measured in multiple zones. The testing showed that single-point exhaust ventilation was inferior as a whole-house ventilation strategy. This was because the source of outside air was not direct from outside, the ventilation air was not distributed, and no provision existed for air filtration. Indoor air recirculation by a central air distribution system can help improve the exhaust ventilation system by way of air mixing and filtration. In contrast, the supply and balanced ventilation systems showed that there is a significant benefit to drawing outside air from a known outside location, and filtering and distributing that air. Compared to the exhaust systems, the CFIS and ERV systems showed better ventilation air distribution and lower concentrations of particulates, formaldehyde and other VOCs. System improvementmore » percentages were estimated based on four system factor categories: balance, distribution, outside air source, and recirculation filtration. Recommended system factors could be applied to reduce ventilation fan airflow rates relative to ASHRAE Standard 62.2 to save energy and reduce moisture control risk in humid climates. HVAC energy savings were predicted to be 8-10%, or $50-$75/year.« less
Amelioration of divergence difficulties in the theory of weak interactions

A new approach to the problem of the singularity of the weak interactions is presented. Its aim is to provide a theoretical interpretation of the extreme smallness of the violation of selection rules associated with the weak-vector-current operator appearing in the conventional Fermi or intermediate-vector-boson interaction Lagrangian. To illustrate what we have in mind, we note that on account of this singular character, the conventional theories have not yet yielded an understanding of the weakness of strangeness and parity violation in hadronic processes and the weakness of semileptonic neutral decays. We begin with an interaction Lagrangian in which the constituents of the conventional weak current (e.g., strangenesschanging, axial-vector, muonic, etc.) are coupled to possibly distinct local vector operators. This is done in such a way that the effective weak interaction between two currents decomposes into two parts, one having the universality of the weak interaction, the other, called diagonal, acting only between a constituent and itself. It is then possible to transfer the singularity of the weak interaction to the diagonal interaction and to impose any desired degree of symmetry upon the singular part of the diagonal interaction. Two realizations of this approach are presented. Both are intermediate-boson theories involving gradient-coupled spin-0 bosons as well as spin-1 bosons. An important consequence of these theories is that, apart from implying a lower bound, the weak interactions give no indication of the magnitude of the diagonal interactions. Thus while the scattering of μ-neutrinos by electrons should be governed by the conventional universality formula, there is no reason to expect universality to hold for the scattering of e-neutrinos by electrons.
Return on Investment of an Asthma Education Program

McQuaid EL, Garro A, Seifer R, et al. Integrating asthma education and smoking cessation for parents: financial return on investment. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47 (10): 950– 955; doi: 10.1002/ppul.22559[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3] Investigators from Brown University and the University of California, Berkeley sought to determine the financial return on investment (ROI) of the Parents of Asthmatics Quit Smoking (PAQS) program. PAQS is a program for caregivers who are smokers and have a child with asthma. As part of the program, nurses provide asthma education and smoking cessation counseling in 3 home visits. Investigators calculated the ROI by analyzing claims data 12 months pre-enrollment and post-completion of the intervention in a subsample of PAQS participants who were on a Medicaid managed care plan. Total billable costs (TBC) were determined by summing the costs of short-acting β-agonists, controller medications, emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and outpatient visits for asthma. The cost of … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DPediatric%2Bpulmonology%26rft.stitle%253DPediatr%2BPulmonol%26rft.aulast%253DMcQuaid%26rft.auinit1%253DE.%2BL.%26rft.volume%253D47%26rft.issue%253D10%26rft.spage%253D950%26rft.epage%253D955%26rft.atitle%253DIntegrating%2Basthma%2Beducation%2Band%2Bsmoking%2Bcessation%2Bfor%2Bparents%253A%2Bfinancial%2Breturn%2Bon%2Binvestment.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1002%252Fppul.22559%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F22467563%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1002/ppul.22559&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=22467563&link_type=MED&atom=%2Faapgrand%2F29%2F4%2F42.atom
Improvement of frequency analysis arithmetic of FFT filter

The basic theory and arithmetic of FFT transform method is analyzed. The improved frequency analysis arithmetic of FFT filter is proposed according to the characteristic of narrow band interference. The simulation result shows that the algorithm can suppress multiband and large power interferences under the condition of meeting the requirement of self-adapting.
The "Source" and "Courses" of Yang Drama in Southwestern China

Geographically,Yang Drama in southwestern China originated from areas south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,but its cultural source can be traced to the Central Plains in Shang Dynasty(1600—1046 BC) from which it flowed to Hunan Hubei,Sichuan,Chongqing,then to Guizhou and Yunnan.The Yang Drama in southeast Guizhou was introduced from western Hunan along the upper reaches of Yuanjiang River and radiated to the surrounding areas.There were three"flowing"courses: the north one"flowing"to Sichuan,the south one to Hunan and Guizhou,and the one from Sichuan local Yang drama to Guizhou and Yunnan.In its diffusing process,Yang Drama absorbed and merged with the local art and folk customs,thus becoming a form of folk culture with the local characteristics.
The Politics of Credit in Presidential Signing Statements

The separation of powers often makes it difficult to understand who is responsible for legislative outcomes. Both members of Congress and presidents seek to shape perceptions of policy responsibility to their advantage. Yet, the relative size of the president's rhetorical stage gives him disproportionate influence in molding these discussions at critical moments. Given these circumstances, how, when, and why, do presidents claim credit for themselves and attribute credit to members of Congress for legislation? Using an original dataset based upon a content analysis of all presidential signing statements from 1985–2008, we find that presidential strategies to claim and attribute credit for laws are greatly impacted by both political context (approval, divided government, midterm elections, and party power) and bill-specific attributes (appropriations, salience, and veto threats). The theory and results highlight the importance of taking multiple institutions into account when thinking about credit.
Feeding colostrum increases circulating insulin-like growth factor I in newborn pigs independent of endogenous growth hormone secretion.

Our objective was to examine the influence of feeding and endogenous GH secretion on circulating IGF-I in colostrum-deprived newborn pigs fed colostrum (n = 4), formula (control, n = 4), or water (n = 4). In another four formula-fed pigs, GH was ablated (GRF-A) with two intravenous injections of a GH releasing-factor antagonist ( N-Ac-Tyr 1 ,D- Arg 2 )-GRF(1-29)- NH2. Blood was serially sampled in all pigs to measure plasma IGF-I and GH profiles. Feeding increased plasma IGF-I concentration two- to fourfold and decreased GH secretion. Despite a more than 80% decrease in the plasma GH in GRF-A pigs, the circulating IGF-I concentration was similar to that in control pigs. In colostrum-fed pigs, plasma IGF-I was higher than that in control pigs, despite equal nutrient intake and lower circulating GH. There were no differences in plasma IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 levels among the treatment groups. However, the relative abundance of plasma IGFBP-4 was lower, and that of IGFBP-1 higher, in unfed pigs than in any of the three fed groups. The plasma insulin concentration was not different among fed pigs, but it was lower in unfed pigs. Our results indicate that the circulating IGF-I concentration is more dependent on nutrient intake than on GH in newborn pigs, despite relatively high GH concentra- tions. However, because the nutrient content in the formula was designed to match that of colostrum, a factor other than nutrient intake and GH was responsible for the maximal increase in circulating IGF-I concentration observed in colostrum-fed pigs.
Lawyer, Litigant, Leader: John Marshall and His Papers—A Review Essay

Vol. 1. Correspondence and Papers, November 10, 1775-June 23, 1788, and Account Book, September 1783-June 1788. Edited by Herbert A. Johnson, Charles T. Cullen, and Nancy G. Harris. 1974. xlvi, 448 pp. $80.00 (cloth). Vol. 2. Correspondence and Papers, July 1788-December 1795, and Account Book, July 1788-December 1795. Edited by Charles T. Cullen, Herbert A. Johnson, Joanne M. Wood, and Susan H. Elias. 1977. xxxvi, 547 pp. $80.00 (cloth). Vol. 3. Correspondence and Papers, January 1796-December 1798. Edited by William C. Stinchcombe, Charles T. Cullen, and Leslie Tobias. 1979. xxx, 553 pp. $80.00 (cloth). Vol. 4. Correspondence and Papers, January 1799-October 1800. Edited by Charles T. Cullen and Leslie Tobias. 1984. xxx, 365 pp. $80.00 (cloth). Vol. 5. Selected Law Cases, 1784-1800. Edited by Charles F. Hobson, Fredrika J. Teute, George H. Hoemann, and Ingrid M. Hillinger. 1987. lxix, 583 pp. $80.00 (cloth). Vol. 6. Correspondence, Papers, and Selected Judicial Opinions, November 1800-March 1807. Edited by Charles F. Hobson, Fredrika J. Teute, and Laura S. Gwilliam. 1990. xlv, 567 pp. $80.00 (cloth). Vol. 7. Correspondence, Papers, and Selected Judicial Opinions, April 1807 December 1813. Edited by Charles F. Hobson, Suzanne E. Coffman, Mark A. Mastromarino, and Laura S. Gwilliam. 1993. xxxvii, 445 pp. $80.00 (cloth). Vol. 8. Correspondence, Papers, and Selected Judicial Opinions, March 1814-December 1819. Edited by Charles F. Hobson and Laura S. Gwilliam. 1995. xxxvii, 421 pp. $80.00 (cloth). Vol. 9. Correspondence, Papers, and Selected Judicial Opinions, Janaury 1820-December 1823. Edited by Charles F. Hobson, Laura S. Gwilliam, Susan Holbrooke Perdue, and Robert W. Smith. 1998. xxxviii, 396 pp. $80.00 (cloth). Vol. 10. Correspondence, Papers, and Selected Judicial Opinions, January 1824-April 1827. Edited by Charles F. Hobson, Susan Holbrooke Perdue, and Robert W. Smith. 2000. xlii, 454 pp. $80.00 (cloth). Vol. 11. Correspondence, Papers, and Selected Judicial Opinions, April 1827-December 1830. Edited by Charles F. Hobson, Susan Holbrook Perdue, and Joan S. Lovelace. 2002. xlii, 432 pp. $80.00 (cloth). Vol. 12. Correspondence, Papers, and Selected Judicial Opinions, January 1831-July 1835, with Addendum, June 1783-January 1829. Edited by Charles F. Hobson and Joan S. Lovelace. 2006.1, 603 pp. $80.00 (cloth).
Chapter 7 – Analysis of Polyadenylation Phenotypes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Publisher Summary This chapter elaborates analysis of polyadenylation phenotypes in Saccharornyces cerevisiae . The identification of genes by classical genetic selections and screens, as well as with screens for synthetic lethality and protein-protein interactions; provides evidence indicating direct roles for gene products in messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) 3′ end processing, mRNA stability, translation, and nuclear export. However, the interactions between all of these pathways often make it difficult to determine whether a specific mutation affects a particular pathway directly or indirectly. Thus, when trying to assign a specific biological role to a newly identified gene product, it is necessary to employ a battery of techniques to determine where in a pathway the new protein acts. This is particularly important in the study of mutations suspected to affect mRNA 3′ end processing (cleavage and polyadenylation) in S. cerevisiae . The chapter discusses in detail about the poly(A) tail analysis. The chapter also explains the concepts related to polyadenylation site mapping by RT-PCR, elaborating on preparation of yeast mRNA 3′ end processing extracts. The chapter also presents an overview of poly(A) tail labeling and analysis. Concepts related to Ribonuclease digestion and gel electrophoretic analysis are elaborated in depth. The chapter also discusses about polyadenylation assay in vitro .
Thanks, but no thanks

Social support is a vital component of well-being and a principal benefit of having close, positive personal relationships. When offers of social support are perceived as unwanted or burdensome by recipients, however, they can carry implicit threats to the recipients’ positive and negative face needs. Moreover, declining such offers requires recipients to manage probable face threats to providers. The present study explored offers of undesired social support—and responses to those offers—from the perspective of politeness theory and face threats. A total of 503 participants described situations when they were offered social support they saw as undesirable and burdensome. Reasons for not wanting social support (including face threats to receivers) were codified. The most common reasons for not wanting offered support were perceived threats to receivers’ negative face, a mismatch between the need and the support being offered, and a perception that providing support would be burdensome for providers. Partic...
Bisphosphonates are safe after ORIF for distal radial fractures: commentary on an article by Hyun Sik Gong, MD, PhD, et al.: "early initiation of bisphosphonate does not affect healing and outcomes of volar plate fixation of osteoporotic distal radial fractures"

In their well-designed randomized trial, Gong et al. concluded that early initiation of bisphosphonate treatment has no effect on the clinical or radiographic outcomes of distal radial fractures treated with volar plate fixation. Bisphosphonates are currently the most commonly used anti-resorptive medications, and their primary mechanism of action involves inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption. Because bisphosphonates cause a pronounced suppression of both bone resorption and bone formation, it has been suggested that treatment can interfere with normal fracture-healing. Animal studies, however, have provided controversial evidence1,2, and randomized clinical trials of bisphosphonates have not demonstrated any adverse events associated with fracture-healing. The majority of patients with a distal radial fracture …
Time of monitoring influences detectability and demographic estimates of the threatened perennial Spalding's catchfly ( Silene spaldingii S. Watson)

Abstract. The Threatened plant Spalding's catchfly (Silene spaldingii S.Watson) is known to exhibit prolonged dormancy in which individuals survive belowground for one or more years; detection of all aboveground plants is essential for accurate estimates of prolonged dormancy. We conducted 2 long-term demographic studies of Spalding's catchfly in west central Idaho (2002–2013), following 947 plants in permanent plots for 10 consecutive years. To detect all plants emerging aboveground, we monitored twice each growing season—soon after emergence and at flowering—and searched closely for small, inconspicuous stages. Demographic estimates were based on stage-based transition matrix and mark—recapture analyses. Over 99% of aboveground plants were present and detectable at early monitoring; approximately one-third were rosette plants, most of which represented established plants present in previous years. Annual dormancy was approximately 10%. Detectability declined considerably by flowering (time dependent) an...
Import vulnerability in the Middle East: effects of the Arab spring on Egyptian wheat trade

The ‘Arab Spring’ spilled over to Egypt from neighbouring Arab countries in the first half of 2011. General chaos during the political instabilities suddenly caused high uncertainty for consumers and traders, and temporarily rendered institutions dysfunctional. This eventually might have led to a negative market shock, impeding economic activity in general and, in particular, trade. Wheat is the main ingredient in the Egyptian diet and is heavily subsidised in the country. The general availability of cheap wheat flour creates a very high domestic demand for wheat. Therefore, Egypt is highly dependent on wheat imports from other countries for ensuring food security. This dependency makes the country vulnerable to increasing food prices and other shocks to the world market which might challenge flows of imports. This paper investigates the effects of domestic political instability on the wheat trade in Egypt. We analysed monthly trade data for wheat from the Comtrade Database of the United Nations, particularly imports and exports of wheat and wheat flour in Egypt from 2010 to 2014. The analysis showed pronounced and stable seasonal patterns whereby the pattern of 2011, the year of most intensive political turmoil in Egypt, was found to differ significantly from other years. We found robust evidence for a strong, negative demand shock in the second half of 2011 caused by the substantial and enduring political instabilities in the country which resulted from the Arab Spring.
Can soil nitrogen dynamics explain the yield benefit of crop diversification

Abstract Diversification of grain-based cropping systems with forage legumes is commonly observed to enhance grain yields, yet the specific causes of this benefit remain poorly understood. One proposed cause is greater N availability, particularly late in the growing season, as these systems typically include organic N inputs such as legume residues and manure that may release mineral N over an extended period. In this study, we utilized a long-term cropping systems experiment in Iowa, USA to determine if differences in soil N dynamics could explain greater corn yield and N uptake in diversified cropping systems. The experiment compared a simple 2-year corn-soybean rotation system with two more diverse systems: a 3-year rotation of corn-soybean-oats/red clover and a 4-year rotation of corn-soybean-oats/alfalfa-alfalfa. The simple system relied on inorganic N fertilizers, whereas the diversified systems received a combination of inorganic N fertilizers and composted cattle manure, as well as forage legume residues. Measurements included long-term (12-year) corn yields, corn N uptake, leaf N concentration, and soil inorganic N pools (0–30 cm) over two growing seasons, and anaerobic potentially mineralizable N (PMN) and gross ammonification (0–20 cm) over a single growing season. Relative to the simple cropping system, corn yields and maximum corn N content in the diversified cropping systems were enhanced by 4% (0.85 Mg ha−1) and 6–20% (10–28 kg N ha−1), respectively, confirming the benefit of crop diversification. The diversified systems also reduced soil inorganic N pools by an average of 11–28% (5–13 kg N ha−1) and enhanced anaerobic potentially mineralizable N by 18–33% (13–24 kg N ha−1). However, neither soil inorganic N nor PMN were related to corn N uptake or yield, suggesting that inorganic N pools and net N mineralization were not responsible for differences among treatments in corn yields. After accounting for spatial differences in soil organic C, gross ammonification measured late in the season was positively related to corn leaf N concentration and total N content. However, this relationship was not specific to the diversified cropping systems and thus did not explain the crop diversification effect. Overall, we reject the hypothesis that soil N availability plays a major role in boosting corn yields in the diversified systems, and we suggest several alternative lines of investigation for future research, including crop-microbe interactions and soil physical properties.
Future Research on Dragonfly Nymphs

Opportunities for researchers, teachers, students and citizen scientists to make contributions to our knowledge on the Odonata nymphs of North America are introduced. The main taxonomic needs are rearing and describing the nymphs of 50 species of Anisoptera that are still poorly known or unknown and using the data to emend the respective identification keys. Fully evaluating nymph characters will advance attempts at integrating morphological and molecular approaches to species distinctions and phylogeny. Very few of the 330 North American Anisoptera species (~6%) have been reared through all stages from egg to full-grown nymph, resulting in an inability to identify most early instars. The structure and function of various types of nymphal setae and their role in detecting stimuli and affording camouflage constitute an exciting field for research opportunities. Growth rate, life history and habitat of most species are under-studied. Utilization of Anisoptera nymphs in biomonitoring and conservation efforts shows that Odonata provide useful regional tools but the field has not been fully researched and the value of Odonata in such pursuits is undoubtedly underestimated. In summary, data generated by studies in these various subject areas will be useful in evaluating faunal surveys, constructing phylogenetic analyses, furthering education outreach and public awareness, and enhancing species and habitat conservation efforts.
Free Standing Nanoporous Palladium Alloys as CO Poisoning Tolerant Electrocatalysts for the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Formate

CO2 electrochemical reduction to formate has emerged as one of the promising routes for CO2 conversion to useful chemicals and energy storage. Palladium has been shown to make formate with a high s...
Locating Alternative Fuel Stations for Maximizing Coverage and Ensuring Sufficient Spacing: a Case Study of CNG Truck Fueling

While a number of optimization models have been proposed for siting refueling/recharging stations for alternative fuel/electric vehicles, many of these approaches require detailed origin–destination (OD) data of refueling trips that are often very costly or challenging to obtain. This paper introduces two new arc-based coverage models for locating alternative fuel stations for regions where OD data are unavailable or unsuitable. Station spacing parameters are proposed to reduce redundant coverage while helping fill in regional coverage gaps. The first model is more suitable for early stages of planning, while the second addresses coverage overlap issues during later stages when a denser station network is formed. Both models can handle cases with a set of pre-existing stations. The new models are applied to planning a network of compressed natural gas (CNG) fueling stations for heavy-duty CNG-powered trucking in the Southwest USA. The models are generalizable to other regions, fuels, and vehicle types when applicable OD data are lacking.
What 30 Days Tells Us About 3 Years: Identifying Early Signs of User Abandonment and Non-Adherence

The ubiquity of wearable fitness trackers offers extensive opportunities for research on personal health. However, barriers specific to these trackers such as device abandonment and non-adherence often lead to substantial losses in data. As such, further research into adherence behaviors may derive the insights necessary to address these challenges and lead to more effective long-term studies. This paper serves to explore this approach: investigating the adherence behaviors of 617 college students belonging to a three-year observational study in which participants were monitored via Fitbit Charge HRs. Using this data, our objective was to assess the association between early adherence behaviors and device abandonment/long-term adherence. Adherence behavior from as early as participants' first 10 days in the study correlated with device abandonment and adherence over the next three years. Participants with unsatisfactory adherence in their first 30 days were twice as likely to abandon their devices and were, on average, 11% less adherent each month. The findings in this paper identify the stability of adherence behaviors, feasibility of their early detection and motivate the need to address non-adherent study participants early. Throughout these results, we discuss how the insights gathered from this work may shape the design of future long-term studies to minimize user attrition and promote prolonged engagement.
Evaluation of provider documentation patterns as a tool to deliver ongoing patient-centred diabetes education and support.

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. As a disease with long-term complications requiring changes in management, DM requires not only education at the time of diagnosis, but ongoing diabetes self-management education and support (DSME/S). In the United States, however, only a small proportion of people with DM receive DSME/S, although evidence supports benefits of ongoing DSME/S. The diabetes education that providers deliver during follow-up visits may be an important source for DSME/S for many people with DM. Methods We collected 200 clinic notes of follow-up visits for 100 adults with DM and studied the History of Present Illness (HPI) and Impression and Plan (I&P) sections. Using a codebook based on the seven principles of American Association of Diabetes Educators Self-Care Behaviors (AADE7), we conducted a multi-step deductive thematic analysis to determine the patterns of DSME/S information occurrence in clinic notes. Additionally, we used the generalised linear mixed models for investigating whether providers delivered DSME/S to people with DM based on patient characteristics. Results During follow-up visits, Monitoring was the most common self-care behaviour mentioned in both HPI and I&P sections. Being Active was the least common self-care behaviour mentioned in the HPI section and Healthy Coping was the least common self-care behaviour mentioned in the I&P section. We found providers delivered more information on Healthy Eating to men compared to women in I&P section. Generally, providers delivered DSME/S to people with DM regardless of patient characteristics. Conclusions This study focused on the frequency distribution of information providers delivered to the people with DM during follow-up clinic visits based on the AADE7. The results may indicate a lack of patient-centred education when people with DM visit providers for ongoing management. Further studies are needed to identify the underlying reasons why providers have difficulty delivering patient-centred education.
Outpatient Expectant Management of Term Prelabor Rupture of Membranes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective To examine outcomes among women with prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) who declined induction and chose outpatient expectant management compared with those admitted for induction. Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of term women with singleton, vertex-presenting fetuses who presented with PROM between July 2016 and June 2017 and were eligible for outpatient expectant management (n = 166). The primary outcomes were time from PROM to delivery and time from admission to delivery. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were also compared between groups. Multivariable linear regressions were used to assess time differences between groups, adjusting for known maternal and pregnancy characteristics. Results Compared with admitted patients, women managed expectantly at home had significantly longer PROM to delivery intervals (median 29.2 vs. 17 hours, p Conclusion Outpatient management of term PROM is associated with longer PROM to delivery intervals, but shorter admission to delivery intervals.
APPLE: Description and Evaluation of a Substance Abuse Education and Prevention Program for Collegiate Athletics

Among college student groups, student athletes are at particular risk for alcohol and other drug abuse. The Athletic Prevention Programming and Leadership Education (APPLE) model is a substance abuse prevention program designed specifically for use in collegiate athletic departments. APPLE offers departments an environmental approach to education and programming regarding alcohol and other drugs. In this article we offer a brief overview of the APPLE model and report on progress in substance abuse education and programming among athletic departments who have participated in the APPLE program.
RILaaS: Robot Inference and Learning as a Service

Programming robots is complicated due to the lack of `plug-and-play' modules for skill acquisition. Virtualizing deployment of deep learning models can facilitate large-scale use/re-use of off-the-shelf functional behaviors. Deploying deep learning models on robots entails real-time, accurate and reliable inference service under varying query load. This letter introduces a novel Robot-Inference-and-Learning-as-a-Service (RILaaS) platform for low-latency and secure inference serving of deep models that can be deployed on robots. Unique features of RILaaS include: 1) low-latency and reliable serving with gRPC under dynamic loads by distributing queries over multiple servers on Edge and Cloud, 2) SSH based authentication coupled with SSL/TLS based encryption for security and privacy of the data, and 3) front-end REST API for sharing, monitoring and visualizing performance metrics of the available models. We report experiments to evaluate the RILaaS platform under varying loads of batch size, number of robots, and various model placement hosts on Cloud, Edge, and Fog for providing benchmark applications of object recognition and grasp planning as a service. We address the complexity of load balancing with a reinforcement learning algorithm that optimizes simulated profiles of networked robots; outperforming several baselines including round robin, least connections, and least model time with 68.30% and 14.04% decrease in round-trip latency time across models compared to the worst and the next best baseline respectively. Details and updates are available at: https://sites.google.com/view/rilaas.