cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Phase II Trial of Selinexor, an Oral Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export Compound, in Abiraterone‐ and/or Enzalutamide‐Refractory Metastatic Castration‐Resistant Prostate Cancer

Author(s): Wei, Xiao X; Siegel, Adam P; Aggarwal, Rahul; Lin, Amy M; Friedlander, Terence W; Fong, Lawrence; Kim, Won; Louttit, Mirela; Chang, Emily; Zhang, Li; Ryan, Charles J | Abstract: Lessons learnedIn abiraterone- and/or enzalutamide-refractory metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients, selinexor led to prostate-specific antigen and/or radiographic responses in a subset of patients, indicating clinical activity in this indication.Despite twice-a-week dosing and maximal symptomatic management, selinexor was associated with significant anorexia, nausea, and fatigue in mCRPC patients refractory to second-generation anti-androgen therapies, limiting further clinical development in this patient population.This study highlights the challenge of primary endpoint selection for phase II studies in the post-abiraterone and/or post-enzalutamide mCRPC space.BackgroundSelinexor is a first-in-class selective inhibitor of nuclear export compound that specifically inhibits the nuclear export protein Exportin-1 (XPO-1), leading to nuclear accumulation of tumor suppressor proteins.MethodsThis phase II study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of selinexor in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) refractory to abiraterone and/or enzalutamide.ResultsFourteen patients were enrolled. Selinexor was initially administered at 65 mg/m2 twice a week (days 1 and 3) and was subsequently reduced to 60 mg flat dose twice a week (days 1 and 3), 3 weeks on, 1 week off, to improve tolerability. The median treatment duration was 13 weeks. At a median follow-up of 4 months, two patients (14%) had ≥50% prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline, and seven patients (50%) had any PSA decline. Of eight patients with measurable disease at baseline, two (25%) had a partial response and four (50%) had stable disease as their best radiographic response. Five patients (36%) experienced serious adverse events (SAEs; all unrelated to selinexor), and five patients (36%) experienced treatment-related grade 3-4 AEs. The most common drug-related adverse events (AEs) of any severity were anorexia, nausea, weight loss, fatigue, and thrombocytopenia. Three patients (21%) came off study for unacceptable tolerability.ConclusionSelinexor demonstrated clinical activity and poor tolerability in mCRPC patients refractory to second-line anti-androgenic agents.
Directing the Outcome of CO2 Reduction at Bismuth Cathodes Using Varied Ionic Liquid Promoters

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been established as effective promoters for the electrocatalytic upconversion of CO2 to various commodity chemicals. Imidazolium ([Im]+) cathode combinations have been reported to selectively catalyze the 2e–/2H+ reduction of CO2 to CO. Recently our laboratory has reported energy-efficient systems for CO production featuring inexpensive bismuth-based cathode materials and ILs comprised of 1,3-dialkylimidazolium cations. As part of our ongoing efforts to understand the factors that drive CO2 reduction at electrode interfaces, we sought to evaluate the catalytic performance of alternative ILs in combination with previously described Bi cathodes. In this work, we demonstrate that protic ionic liquids (PILs) derived from 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) effectively promote the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to formate (HCOO–) with high selectivity. The use of PILs comprised of the conjugate acid of DBU, [DBU-H]+, efficiently catalyzed the reduction of CO2 to HCOO– (FEFA ≈ 80...
Integrated Electricity and Natural Gas Demand Response for Manufacturers in the Smart Grid

The smart grid opens many opportunities for electricity suppliers and customers to maintain grid stability, reduce electricity cost, and promote environmentally sustainable operation. Unfortunately, these benefits cannot be fully realized from industrial energy customers due to inadequate manufacturing decision-making methodology that fails to consider manufacturers and energy suppliers simultaneously. The influence manufacturers have on the grid comes from their large electricity demand contributing to peak power and their large natural gas usage due to the increasing dependency of the electricity sector on gas-fired generation. Nonetheless, the interdependency between manufacturers’ electricity and natural gas demand has not been well studied. In this paper, an electricity and natural gas driven production scheduling model for manufacturers is established. The model considers time-based and event-based electricity and gas demand response. A modified simulated annealing (MSA) algorithm is proposed to solve the problem in reaction to real-time supply notifications to promote the interaction between manufacturers and energy providers. Numerical case studies are implemented and illustrate that 66%–68% in energy cost savings for the manufacturer can be achieved when using the proposed model compared to baseline scenarios. Meanwhile, the MSA algorithm outperforms various solution methods in solving the proposed problem.
Breeding Sugar Beets

The sugar beet Beta vulgaris L. is a product of plant breeding. It is one of the few major cultivated crops that was not grown in prehistoric times. The sugar beet was developed in Europe less than 200 years ago by selecting the best sugar types from fodder beets grown as forage for livestock. Beet sugar rapidly became an important article in world trade and now supplies about 45% of the world’s sugar of commerce. The sugar beet is the primary source of sugar in Europe and the USSR. About one-third of the sugar used in the United States comes from domestically grown sugar beets. Sugar beets are grown in 13 states and three provinces in Canada. In the United States, the gross yield of sugar beet roots averages 40–50 tons per hectare, from which about 7 tons of sugar are obtained. Under favorable conditions, yields of 50–75 tons of sugar beet roots may be produced. The sucrose stored in the roots of sugar beets normally ranges from 13 to 18% of the gross weight, varying with the variety, its culture, and the climate in which the beets are grown. An inverse ratio between tonnage and sucrose percentage exists; as tonnage per hectare is increased, either from cultural methods or by breeding, the sucrose percentage tends to decline.
Care of the secondary patient in family practice. A report from the Ambulatory Sentinel Practice Network.

Background Care of a secondary patient (an individual other than the primary patient for an outpatient visit) is common in family practice, but the content of care of this type of patient has not been described. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 170 volunteer primary care clinicians in 50 practices in the Ambulatory Sentinel Practice Network reported all occurrences of care of a secondary patient during 1 week of practice. These clinicians reported the characteristics of the primary patient and the secondary patient and the content of care provided to the secondary patient. Content of care was placed in 6 categories (advice, providing a prescription, assessment or explanation of symptoms, follow-up of a previous episode of care, making or authorizing a referral, and general discussion of a health condition). Results Physicians reported providing care to secondary patients during 6% of their office visits. This care involved more than one category of service for the majority of visits involving care of a secondary patient. Advice was provided during more than half the visits. A prescription, assessment or explanation of symptoms, or a general discussion of condition were provided during approximately 30% of the secondary care visits. Secondary care was judged to have substituted for a separate visit 60% of the time, added an average of 5 minutes to the visit, and yielded no reimbursement for 95% of visits. Conclusions Care of a secondary patient reflects the provision of potentially intensive and complex services that require additional time and are largely not reimbursed or recognized by current measures of primary care. This provision of secondary care may facilitate access to care and represent an added value provided by family physicians.
Medusa: A Review of an Ancient Cnidarian Body Form

Medusae (aka jellyfish) have multiphasic life cycles and a propensity to adapt to, and proliferate in, a plethora of aquatic habitats, connecting them to a number of ecological and societal issues. Now, in the midst of the genomics era, affordable next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms coupled with publically available bioinformatics tools present the much-anticipated opportunity to explore medusa taxa as potential model systems. Genome-wide studies of medusae would provide a remarkable opportunity to address long-standing questions related to the biology, physiology, and nervous system of some of the earliest pelagic animals. Furthermore, medusae have become key targets in the exploration of marine natural products, in the development of marine biomarkers, and for their application to the biomedical and robotics fields. Presented here is a synopsis of the current state of medusa research, highlighting insights provided by multi-omics studies, as well as existing knowledge gaps, calling upon the scientific community to adopt a number of medusa taxa as model systems in forthcoming research endeavors.
Spectroscopic Study on the Intermediates and Reaction Rates in the Oxidation of Levitated Droplets of Energetic Ionic Liquids by Nitrogen Dioxide

To optimize the performance of hypergolic, ionic-liquid-based fuels, it is critical to understand the fundamental reaction mechanisms of ionic liquids (ILs) with the oxidizers. We consequently explored the reactions between a single levitated droplet of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([BMIM][DCA]), with and without hydrogen-capped boron nanoparticles, and the oxidizer nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The apparatus consists of an ultrasonic levitator enclosed within a pressure-compatible process chamber interfaced to complementary Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Raman, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic probes. First, the vibrational modes for the Raman and FTIR spectra of unreacted [BMIM][DCA] are assigned. We subsequently investigated the new structure in the infrared and Raman spectra produced by the reaction of the IL with the oxidizer. The newly produced peaks are consistent with the formation of the functional groups of organic nitro-compounds including the organic nitrites (RONO), nitroamines (RR'NNO2), aromatic nitro-compounds (ArNO2), and carbonitrates (RR'C═NO2-), which suggests that the nitrogen or oxygen atom of the nitrogen dioxide reactant bonds to a carbon or nitrogen atom of [BMIM][DCA]. Comparison of the rate constants for the oxidation of pure and boron-doped [BMIM][DCA] at 300 K shows that the boron-doping reduces the reaction rate by a factor of approximately 2. These results are compared to the oxidation processes of 1-methyl-4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium dicyanamide ([MAT][DCA]) with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) studied previously in our laboratory revealing that [BMIM][DCA] oxidizes faster than [MAT][DCA] by a factor of about 20. The present measurements are the first studies on the reaction rates for the oxidation of levitated ionic-liquid droplets.
Beyond harold and dumbledore: (Re-)considering children’s books depicting gay males

For educators looking to include literature with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning (LGBTQ) characters in their libraries and classrooms, it is sometimes difficult to det...
Citing East Asia: A Citation Study on the Use of East Asian Materials in East Asian Studies Dissertations.

Aiming to understand how scholars of East Asian Studies use East Asian sources (mainly in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean) in their research, this citation study analyzed bibliographies of 213 PhD dissertations from 32 (East) Asian Studies programs in the United States and Canada from 2013 to 2015. The study examined the number and percentage of East Asian sources cited in each bibliography, as well as format and publication year of each East Asian source cited. The results have important and practical implications for collection development and management.
Towards a Science of Mind.

The ancient mind/body problem continues to be one of deepest mysteries of science and of the human spirit. Despite major advances in many fields, there is still no plausible link between subjective experience (qualia) and its realization in the body. This paper outlines some of the elements of a rigorous science of mind (SoM) - key ideas include scientific realism of mind, agnostic mysterianism, careful attention to language, and a focus on concrete (touchstone) questions and results. A core suggestion is to focus effort on the (still mysterious) mapping from neural activity to subjective experience.
The Role of Culture of Origin on the Effectiveness of a Parents-Involved Intervention to Prevent Substance Use Among Latino Middle School Youth: Results of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

The purpose of this study was to assess the combined effectiveness of a parenting intervention, Families Preparing the New Generation (FPNG), and a youth curriculum, keepin’ it REAL (kiR), on substance use prevention for middle school students in a large urban metro area of the southwest USA. The study aimed to generate usable knowledge on what works in adolescent substance use prevention and how it works best—a combined parent and youth programming or parent-only programming. A total of 532 adolescents in the 7th grade from 19 participating middle schools were randomly assigned into three intervention conditions: parent-youth (PY), parent-only (PO), and comparison (C). This article focuses on the comparison between PY and PO in order to determine which intervention strategy works best to reduce adolescent substance use including alcohol, inhalant, cigarette, and marijuana uses. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model examined the longitudinal data. The results for alcohol use show that PO yielded better results than PY and that PY outperformed C after 20 months. Further, PO showed a decreasing trajectory in any substance use over time since the implementation of the intervention. The effect sizes based on Cohen’s h indicate small effects in any substance use and alcohol use for PO condition and smaller effects for the PY condition. These findings have implications for the design of future culturally specific parenting and youth prevention interventions with Latino families.
8 Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Conditions

Arthritis and other musculoskeletal conditions collectively represent the most common cause of disability in the United States. The widespread prevalence and disability associated with osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and fibromyalgia (FM) highlight the importance of identifying mechanisms that affect arthritis onset, course, and outcome. To understand the complexity of chronic pain, we apply a biopsychosocial model that simultaneously considers the role of biological, psychological, and social factors in the health and well-being of individuals with OA, RA, and FM. First, we review disease processes, common signs and symptoms, disease onset and course, demographic and risk factors, and genetic vulnerabilities. Second, we review the body's stress-sensitive systems, including how they may contribute to disease activity and outcomes. Third, we review sources of psychosocial resilience and vulnerability that may moderate the effects of stress. Finally, we review biomedical and empirically validated psychosocial treatments for these conditions and discuss several future directions in novel treatments. Keywords: chronic pain; musculoskeletal pain; stress; resilience; psychosocial factors
STOCHASTIC INTEGRALS AND DIFFERENTIALS

This chapter discusses the Wiener's definition of the Stochastic integral. Simplest properties of the Stochastic integral are reviewed. The computation of a Stochastic integral, and a time substitution are discussed. Stochastic differentials under a time substitution, and Stochastic integrals and differentials for several-dimensional Brownian motion are reviewed. Various lemmas are also discussed in the chapter.
Characteristic Aspects of Additive Manufacturing Security from Security Awareness Perspectives

Additive manufacturing (AM) is expected to become an established manufacturing technology in the near future. The growing penetration of AM at manufacturers across the world and the dependence of this technology on computerization have already raised security concerns, some of which have been proven experimentally. In this paper, we analyze the AM Security from three awareness perspectives: exposure to an attack, evaluation of the system, and potential liability for a successful attack. For each of these perspectives, we first introduce the conceptual background and then provide the analysis of its applicability to AM, highlighting its distinctiveness from closely related subtractive manufacturing (SM). Our analysis shows that, while there is a certain overlap between AM and SM security, the AM requires a separate and unique perspective and approach undertaken by experts with relevant domain expertise.
Induction of pancreatic tumor-selective ferroptosis through modulation of cystine import

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the third-leading cause of cancer mortality in the US and is highly resistant to classical, targeted, and immune therapies. We show that human PDA cells are dependent on the provision of exogenous cystine to avert a catastrophic accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) that, left unchecked, leads to ferroptotic cell death, both in vitro and in vivo. Using a dual-recombinase genetically engineered model, we found that acute deletion of Slc7a11 led to tumor-selective ferroptosis, tumor stabilizations/regressions, and extended overall survival. The mechanism of ferroptosis induction in PDA cells required the concerted depletion of both glutathione and coenzyme A, highlighting a novel branch of ferroptosis-relevant metabolism. Finally, we found that cystine depletion in vivo using the pre-IND agent cyst(e)inase phenocopied Slc7a11 deletion, inducing tumor-selective ferroptosis and disease stabilizations/regressions in the well-validated KPC model of PDA. One Sentence Summary Genetic and pharmacological targeting of cystine import induces pancreatic cancer-selective ferroptosis in vivo.
Políticas Culturales y Ciudadanía

Resumen: El objetivo del presente articulo es, en un primer momento, presentar la evolucion del concepto de ciudadania cultural dentro del marco de los derechos humanos. Se explora la relacion del concepto con otros, tales como desarrollo, comercio, multiculturalismo, descolonizacion. En un segundo momento, se aborda la insercion de la cultura en la economia creativa, las politicas para la cultura viva comunitaria y la ecologia. Se pasa, igualmente, por la discusion acerca de las ciudades como territorios geograficos-sociales-culturales importantes para la constitucion de politicas culturales de las mas diversas ordenes a la poblacion. Finalmente, se exploran iniciativas para compatibilizar el enfoque economico y social de la cultura.
Why Bother with Risk Management when Idiosyncratic Risk Doesn't Matter?

Firms seem to care a lot about "risk management": the practice of hedging risks whether they are correlated with market risk or not. The standard reasons why widely held corporations might be averse to idiosyncratic risk are based on the principal-agent problem, bankruptcy costs, external finance, and tax convexity. This paper offers a different reason: idiosyncratic risk makes business decisions more difficult. Risk can increase the value of investment projects because of option value. We must distinguish, however, between risk over the expected value of profits ("value risk") and risk over the volatility of cash flows ("cash-flow noise"). Value risk is good because an unprofitable policy can be abandoned. Cash-flow noise is bad because it makes learning when to abandon more difficult. This distinction is unrelated to Knightian risk or ambiguity aversion, and it matters even if the firm's agents are risk neutral.
Chance-Constrained Water Pumping to Manage Water and Power Demand Uncertainty in Distribution Networks

Water pumping in drinking water distribution networks (WDNs) can be treated as a flexible load in the power distribution network (PDN). In this article, we formulate an optimization problem to minimize the electricity costs associated with pumping subject to WDN and PDN constraints. In practice, both water and power demands are uncertain and pumps should be scheduled to ensure that pump operation does not violate either networks’ constraints for nearly all possible uncertainty realizations. To address this problem, we formulate a chance-constrained (CC) optimization problem that simultaneously determines pumping schedules along with the parameters of real-time control policies that can be used to respond to water and power demand forecast errors. We use approximations and relaxations along with the scenario approach for CC programming to reformulate the optimization problem into a convex deterministic problem. We demonstrate the performance of the approach through case studies and also explore the impact of the relaxations, an approach to improve computational tractability, and tradeoffs associated with the way in which we define the cost of real-time control actions. We find that optimal scheduling and real-time control of water pumping can effectively manage water and power demand uncertainty, meaning water demand is satisfied and both the WDN and PDN operate within their limits; however, the approach is conservative leading to high reliability at high cost.
Defining Pointwise Lower Scalar Curvature Bounds for C0 Metrics with Regularization by Ricci Flow

We survey some recent work using Ricci flow to create a class of local definitions of weak lower scalar curvature bounds that is well defined for $C^0$ metrics. We discuss several properties of these definitions and explain some applications of this approach to questions regarding uniform convergence of metrics with scalar curvature bounded below. Finally, we consider the relationship between this approach and some other generalized notions of lower scalar curvature bounds.
Managing Complications in Augmentation Mastopexy

Augmentation mastopexy is often thought of as a complex aesthetic breast surgery procedure where the number of complications associated with the combined operation are greater than those observed with either augmentation or mastopexy alone. For this reason, many strategies for complication avoidance have been developed to variously manage these outcomes. However, once a complication has occurred, a considered and precise surgical plan targeted at the root cause of the problem is required to appropriately restore the breast to an aesthetic appearance. This chapter will outline the complications commonly seen after augmentation mastopexy and provide surgical solutions based on sound surgical principles to allow successful management of these difficult patients.
Model and a solution algorithm for the dynamic resource allocation problem for large-scale transportation network evacuation

Allocating movable resources dynamically enables evacuation management agencies to improve evacuation system performance in both the spatial and temporal dimensions. This study proposes a mixed integer linear program (MILP) model to address the dynamic resource allocation problem for transportation evacuation planning on large-scale networks. The proposed model is built on the earliest arrival flow formulation that significantly reduces problem size. A set of binary variables, specifically, the beginning and the ending time of resource allocation at a location, enable a strong formulation with tight constraints. A solution algorithm is developed to solve for an optimal solution on large-scale network applications by adopting Benders decomposition. In this algorithm, the MILP model is decomposed into two sub-problems. The first sub-problem, called the restricted master problem, identifies a feasible dynamic resource allocation plan. The second sub-problem, called the auxiliary problem, models dynamic traffic assignment in the evacuation network given a resource allocation plan. A numerical study is performed on the Dallas–Fort Worth network. The results show that the Benders decomposition algorithm can solve an optimal solution efficiently on a large-scale network.
Deep learning pan-specific model for interpretable MHC-I peptide binding prediction with improved attention mechanism

Accurate prediction of peptide binding affinity to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins has the potential to design better therapeutic vaccines. Previous work has shown that pan-specific prediction algorithms can achieve better prediction performance than other approaches. However, most of the top algorithms are neural networks based black box models. Here, we propose DeepAttentionPan, an improved pan-specific model, based on convolutional neural networks and attention mechanisms for more flexible, stable and interpretable MHC-I binding prediction. With the attention mechanism, our ensemble model consisting of 20 trained networks achieves high and more stabilized prediction performance. Extensive tests on IEDB's weekly benchmark dataset show that our method achieves state-of-the-art prediction performance on 21 test allele datasets. Analysis of the peptide positional attention weights learned by our model demonstrates its capability to capture critical binding positions of the peptides, which leads to mechanistic understanding of MHC-peptide binding with high alignment with experimentally verified results. Furthermore, we show that with transfer learning, our pan model can be fine-tuned for alleles with few samples to achieve additional performance improvement. DeepAttentionPan is freely available as an open-source software at https://github.com/jjin49/DeepAttentionPan. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Recent Research Progress on Tropical Cyclone Structure and Intensity

ABSTRACT This article provides a balanced, brief review on the research progress in the area of tropical cyclone (TC) structure and intensity achieved in the past three decade. Efforts have been made to introduce basic concepts and new findings relevant to the understanding of TC structure and intensity in ways as simple and appreciate as possible. After a brief discussion on the axisymmetric and asymmetric structure of mature TCs, progress in our understanding of spiral rainbands, concentric eyewall cycle, annular hurricane structure, and the inner-core size of TCs is highlighted. This is followed by discussions on the maximum potential intensity (MPI) of TCs and factors that limit TC maximum intensity. Some important remaining issues that need to be studied and addressed in the near future by the research community are identified and briefly discussed as well.
Diagnosis and Prognosis of Fuel Injectors based on Control Adaptation

Spark Ignition Direct Injection (SIDI) technology enables better fuel economy and tail pipe emissions in vehicles equipped with gasoline engines. The SIDI technology depends on the ability of the system to deliver fuel at high pressure directly into the combustion chamber, hence making thefuel injectors key subcomponents. Reliable performance of fuel injectors is vital as it directly relates to the operability of the vehicle, and hence customer satisfaction in case of failure. It, therefore, becomes very important to devise a scheme that can effectively diagnose and prognose such a component. In this article, algorithm development for diagnosis and a pathway to prognosis of fuel injectors is presented. We do not propose any additional sensing capability, and make use of what is available in most of the production vehicles today across the industry. In particular, the control adaptation of fuel control and the associated diagnostics that are mandated by regulators are employed to generate schemes for fault detection, fault isolation, and fault prediction. Results are presented from vehicle test data that allow development of such a scheme for fuel injectors.
Navigating capitalist expansion and climate change in pastoral social-ecological systems: impacts, vulnerability and decision-making

The independent and synergic impacts of climatic change and capitalist expansion may render pastoral social-ecological systems extinct. Climatic change compromises rangelands, while economic development fosters conversion of pastoral land into territories for capitalist expansion. Pastoralists’ institutions regulate decision-making to socio-environmental change and shape adaptive responses, enabling mobile livestock rearing for using multiple grazing areas, and households’ diverse income sources. These institutions are characterized by flexibility, such as mixed individual-collective water and land tenure regimes. However, capitalist-led reduction of land-based resources, the push for privatization and commodification of land and livestock hinder flexibility, and undermine pastoralists’ institutions for decision-making; ultimately creating challenges for pastoralists’ adaptive capacity. Research on the compound effects of the expanding global economy and climate change on pastoral social-ecological systems is needed to inform efforts constraining unregulated capitalist expansion, and policies for water and land security. Research, practice, and policies will improve pastoral social-ecological systems adaptability and resilience.
Stressulkusprophylaxe

Eine medikamentose Stressulkusprophylaxe ist fester Bestandteil der Therapie auf konservativen und operativen Intensivstationen. Blutungen aus stressbedingten Lasionen im oberen Gastrointestinaltrakt sind selten, aber dann mit einer wesentlich schlechteren Prognose vergesellschaftet. Gesicherte Indikationen zur Durchfuhrung sind das respiratorische Versagen mit der Notwendigkeit der Durchfuhrung einer invasiven Beatmung uber einen Zeitraum von mehr als 48 h und die Koagulopathie. Auch die aktuellen Sepsisleitlinien und die Leitlinie bezuglich des infarktbedingten kardiogenen Schockes empfehlen die Durchfuhrung. Ob eine alleinige enterale Ernahrung zur Stressulkusprophylaxe ausreicht, kann nicht beantwortet werden, eine fruhe enterale Ernahrung hat aber auch hier einen hohen Stellenwert. Eine medikamentose Stressulkusprophylaxe auf Normalstation ist nicht indiziert. Zur medikamentosen Stressulkusprophylaxe stehen uberwiegend Protonenpumpenhemmer und H2-Rezeptor-Antagonisten zur Verfugung. Aufgrund des etwas gunstigeren Nebenwirkungsprofils und der wohl ausreichenden Wirkung zumindest in der Pravention stressbedingter Ulzera sind H2-Rezeptor-Antagonisten zu bevorzugen. In der Therapie stressbedingter Ulzerationen spielen sie keine Rolle.
tDCS in the Context of Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation is a widely used term, with many definitions. According to the World Health Organization, “Rehabilitation is a set of interventions needed when a person is experiencing or is likely to experience limitations in everyday functioning due to aging or a health condition, including chronic diseases or disorders, injuries or traumas.” In the context of tDCS, it is commonly used to improve/maintain function (motor, sensorial, autonomic, and cognitive), decrease the impact of symptoms (such as pain), with the ultimate goal of improving the quality of life of the patient and the caregiver. tDCS is being studied in the context of rehabilitation for several applications. This investigation has been associated with exponential growth. The growing understanding of the biological mechanisms of the effects of tDCS applied in rehabilitation is contributing to this growth. It is currently understood that tDCS can alter and strengthen spontaneous synaptic activity and inflect plasticity interceded by neurotransmitters on a structural level. Thus, tDCS’s ability to promote broad neuroplasticity emphasizes its promise in the framework of rehabilitation [1].
Factor Graph-Based Trajectory Optimization for a Pneumatically-Actuated Jumping Robot

Roboticists have increasingly sought to incorporate mechanical compliance into legged robots to realize a range of potential benefits, from improved agility to resilience in complex environments. A promising approach for building compliance into robot legs is to utilize the pneumatic artificial muscle, a pneumatic actuator with inherent compliance due to the compressibility of air. While previous work has explored the capabilities of pneumatic-muscle driven robots in highly dynamic tasks like jumping, there is a lack of trajectory planning strategies for such robots. In this paper, we detail our approach to planning vertical jumping trajectories for a planar two-legged robot driven by four pneumatic artificial muscles using on/off "burst inflation" control. The trajectory optimization problem is represented as a factor graph and solved with the GTSAM optimizer. A hybrid dynamics approach is used to handle foot-ground contacts. The average jump height error between simulation and experiment across multiple jumping trajectories of varying heights was 9.5 cm; the average RMS error between all four joints was 5.6 deg. This work provides a basis to plan more complex jumping and leaping trajectories for pneumatic muscle-driven robots.
Constructing a Multivalued Representation for View Synthesis

A fundamental problem in computer vision and graphics is that of arbitrary view synthesis for static 3-D scenes, whereby a user-specified viewpoint of the given scene may be created directly from a representation. We propose a novel compact representation for this purpose called the multivalued representation (MVR). Starting with an image sequence captured by a moving camera undergoing either unknown planar translation or orbital motion, a MVR is derived for each preselected reference frame, and may then be used to synthesize arbitrary views of the scene. The representation itself is comprised of multiple depth and intensity levels in which the k-th level consists of points occluded by exactly k surfaces. To build a MVR with respect to a particular reference frame, dense depth maps are first computed for all the neighboring frames of the reference frame. The depth maps are then combined together into a single map, where points are organized by occlusions rather than by coherent affine motions. This grouping facilitates an automatic process to determine the number of levels and helps to reduce the artifacts caused by occlusions in the scene. An iterative multiframe algorithm is presented for dense depth estimation that both handles low-contrast regions and produces piecewise smooth depth maps. Reconstructed views as well as arbitrary flyarounds of real scenes are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Arctic Meteorology: (A Ten-Year Review)

Publisher Summary The chapter presents some of the major new ideas concerning the Arctic circulation supplemented by a brief review of the literature to serve as background for the coming IGY contributions. For many years, the Arctic region is the scene of interesting features in the atmospheric circulation and, therefore, deserves special attention. Progress in meteorology has always been dependent upon direct observations. In the past 25 years since the advent of the radiosonde in the Arctic, a good station network has gradually grown. Because of the very large amount of material, the chapter is concerned with two major advances: the general circulation as shown by new mean stratospheric maps and the phenomena of sudden temperature and wind changes. The chapter briefly mentions papers that have appeared in some of the other phases of Arctic meteorology for the convenience of those wishing to locate recent work in particular aspects of the subject. The unsolved problems of Arctic meteorology are largely those of meteorology in general that observing facilities in the Arctic are able to describe the atmosphere almost as well as in mid-latitudes. Each of the topics mentioned in the chapter is thus a problem requiring research. However, of greatest interest are probably those questions that always lie just above the levels where one can observe regularly. In this instance, these are the large-scale features of the middle stratosphere and above, through which there is hope of further explaining the “unusual” features found at high latitudes.
The role of measure-valued decompositions in stochastic control

Following up the measure-valued decompositions of Kunita (1981), and the martingale representation result for L/sup 2/-processes of Bensoussan (1981), we have derived (1993) necessary conditions of optimizing nonlinear partially observed controlled diffusions with integral cost, when the signal and the observation processes are correlated. These necessary conditions were shown for the uncorrelated case to be exactly the ones derived by Bensoussan, after showing that the adjoint equations derived in the two papers are identical. In the present note, independently of the martingale representation result, we outline the derivation of two stochastic partial differential equations (forward and backward in time), with the forward satisfying the exact adjoint equation, and we consider the question if there is a connection with the adjoint equation derived by Bensoussan (1992). We show that even that adjoint equation follows from our adjoint equation as a special case. That is, for the uncorrelated case, even though the adjoint equations appear to be different, they are in fact identical as expected. Finally, we comment on the use of measure-valued decompositions in deriving necessary conditions for optimizing an exponential-of-integral cost.
A general description of common-mode feedback in fully-differential amplifiers

Fully-differential amplifiers and their common-mode feedback (CMFB) loops are described, and the impact of CMFB loop mismatching on common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) noise and distortion is discussed. A set of gain parameters which are suitable for predicting the actual performance of such a balanced amplifier is defined. The presented formalism takes mismatching and nonlinearity in the CMFB loop into account. The gain parameters can easily be calculated or simulated for different circuit configurations. It is concluded that the common-mode sense circuits can have a major impact on the accuracy of the differential mode signal processing. >
La masculinidad desde el escenario: Francis y el teatro de revista mexicano

En este articulo se estudia la obra teatral de la travesti Francisco Garcia Escalante, mas conocida como Francis, desde el punto de vista de la teoria queer y las teorias de genero. Ya que la obra de Francis pertenece a la cultura popular, en el documento se analizan elementos del teatro de revista mexicano en cuanto a las dinamicas que Francis uso para presentar diversas masculinidades desde el escenario. El ensayo asimismo compara la construccion simbolica del genero que proponia Francis con la de Juan Gabriel.
A clathrin coat assembly role for the muniscin protein central linker revealed by TALEN-mediated gene editing

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is an evolutionarily ancient membrane transport system regulating cellular receptivity and responsiveness. Plasmalemma clathrin-coated structures range from unitary domed assemblies to expansive planar constructions with internal or flanking invaginated buds. Precisely how these morphologically-distinct coats are formed, and whether all are functionally equivalent for selective cargo internalization is still disputed. We have disrupted the genes encoding a set of early arriving clathrin-coat constituents, FCHO1 and FCHO2, in HeLa cells. Endocytic coats do not disappear in this genetic background; rather clustered planar lattices predominate and endocytosis slows, but does not cease. The central linker of FCHO proteins acts as an allosteric regulator of the prime endocytic adaptor, AP-2. By loading AP-2 onto the plasma membrane, FCHO proteins provide a parallel pathway for AP-2 activation and clathrin-coat fabrication. Further, the steady-state morphology of clathrin-coated structures appears to be a manifestation of the availability of the muniscin linker during lattice polymerization.
Antigen handling in relation to ageing

Abstract The distribution of a soluble antigen, 3 H-BSA, was studied in tissues (blood, liver, spleen, kidneys, lymph nodes, thymus and lungs) after intravenous injection into cohorts of the Fischer-344 rat colony of the National Institute on Aging that is maintained at Charles River Breeding Laboratories. The ten groups for which results are reported were maintained during the experimental procedures as the cohorts received from the “colony”. Both the primary and secondary antigen injection were administered as 1 mg of protein per 50 g body weight. All the highly vascularized tissues of those studied showed the same relative distribution of antigen with age as the blood; i.e. a lower percentage of the injection at both extremes of the age span studied, 2 and 24 months of age. These age-related differences are more pronounced with primary than secondary immunization. Because of the higher level of antigen in the liver than blood, it is concluded that a specific localization of antigen occurs in the liver. Products of in vivo metabolism of 3 H-BSA are isolated as liver nucleopeptides and are also co-isolated with liver polysomes. These particular forms of metabolized antigen have been shown to be immunogenic in other studies. The co-isolated polysome antigen in the present findings is reduced quantitatively in the older rats (for example, in 24 month compared to 12 month). The study of the changes in antigen parceling at the cellular and subcellular level, which occurs with ageing, is likely to provide insight into antigen induction.
Interface disturbances caused by plane elastic pulses

In this article the work of Comninou, Dundurs and co-authors on the subject of interface disturbances caused by plane elastic pulses is briefly reviewed. Some paradoxical aspects occurring at high coefficients of friction are pointed out. Some new results are also presented.
Herpes Simplex Virus-Specific Memory CD8+ T Cells Are Selectively Activated and Retained in Latently Infected Sensory Ganglia

This study challenges the concept that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency represents a silent infection that is ignored by the host immune system, and suggests antigen-directed retention of memory CD8+ T cells. CD8+ T cells specific for the immunodominant gB498-505 HSV-1 epitope are selectively retained in the ophthalmic branch of the latently infected trigeminal ganglion, where they acquire and maintain an activation phenotype and the capacity to produce IFN-γ. Some CD8+ T cells showed TCR polarization to junctions with neurons. A gB498-505 peptide-specific CD8+ T cell clone can block HSV-1 reactivation from latency in ex vivo trigeminal ganglion cultures. We conclude that CD8+ T cells provide active surveillance of HSV-1 gene expression in latently infected sensory neurons.
Round incompressible jets with asymmetric initial velocity distributions

THE near-field development of turbulent air jets with asymmetric initial velocity distributions is investigated experimentally. The jets emerge from pipes of circular cross section into a still environment. The level of asymmetry of the exit plane mean velocity distribution is controlled by the angle of pipe bend upstream of the exit. Jets with two levels of initial streamwise velocity asymmetry are studied in addition to an axisymmetric jet emerging from a straight pipe. The-Reynolds number based on exit bulk velocity and pipe diameter is 13,500. Streamwise velocity measurements, using hot-wire anemometry, indicate that the near-field turbulence structure is significantly modified by the skewed velocity distribution. On the plane of symmetry, higher levels of initial velocity skewness lead to increased disparity of turbulence intensity and unequal rate of growth on the two sides of the jet. Furthermore, higher rates of maximum velocity decay and jet growth are attained with the initially asymmetric jets. The increase in jet spread rate on the symmetry plane is found to distort the initially round cross-sectional shape of the jets beyond 10 pipe diameters from the exit plane.
Microfluidic digital PCR enables rapid prenatal diagnosis of fetal aneuploidy.

Objective The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) enables rapid, allele independent molecular detection of fetal aneuploidy. Study Design Twenty-four amniocentesis and 16 chorionic villus samples were used for microfluidic digital PCR analysis. Three thousand and sixty PCR reactions were performed for each of the target chromosomes (X, Y, 13, 18, and 21), and the number of single molecule amplifications was compared to a reference. The difference between target and reference chromosome counts was used to determine the ploidy of each of the target chromosomes. Results Digital PCR accurately identified all cases of fetal trisomy (3 cases of trisomy 21, 3 cases of trisomy 18, and 2 cases of triosmy 13) in the 40 specimens analyzed. The remaining specimens were determined to have normal ploidy for the chromosomes tested. Conclusion Microfluidic digital PCR allows detection of fetal chromosomal aneuploidy utilizing uncultured amniocytes and chorionic villus tissue in less than 6 hours.
Concordance of X-Ray Cluster Data with Big Bang Nucleosynthesis in Mixed Dark Matter Models

If the hot, X-rayEemitting gas in rich clusters forms a fair sample of the universe as in cold dark matter (CDM) models and the universe is at the critical density then the data appear to imply a ) T \ 1, baryon fraction derived from X-ray cluster data), larger than that predicted by big bang ) b,X () b,X 4) b nucleosynthesis (BBN). While other systematic e†ects such as clumping can lower in this paper we ) b,X , use an elementary analysis to show that a simple admixture of hot dark matter (HDM; low-mass neutrinos) with CDM to yield mixed dark matter shifts down so that signi-cant overlap with ) b,X ) b from BBN can occur for km s~1 Mpc~1, even without invoking the possible aforementioned H 0 ( 73 e†ects. The overlap interval is slightly larger for lower mass neutrinos since fewer of them cluster on the scale of the hot X-ray gas. We illustrate this result quantitatively in terms of a simple isothermal model. More realistic velocity dispersion pro-les, with less centrally peaked density pro-les, imply that fewer neutrinos are trapped and thus further increase the interval of overlap. Subject headings: cosmology: theory E dark matter E galaxies: clusters: general E nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances E X-rays: galaxies
Occupational Stress: The Influence of Obesity and Physical Activity/Fitness on Immune Function

Occupational stress can affect physiological and psychological homeostasis. In addition, the occupational challenges associated with firefighting and law enforcement have been linked to increased m...