cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling of the influence of the experimental conditions on the separation of the components of a binary mixture in isocratic overloaded elution preparative chromatography

Abstract The elution band profiles of the components of a binary mixture were calculated for systematic variations of the experimental conditions. Three values of the separation factor were used, 1.8, 1.3 and 1.1. The column efficiency was 3000 theoretical plates, except for α = 1.1, in which case efficiencies of both 3000 and 5000 plates were used. The relative compositions of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 were selected. The values of the loading factor were chosen to illustrate the increasing degrees of interference and band interaction which take place with increasing column loading. In each case, the cutting volumes for the production of each component at a 98% purity were calculated and tabulated. The influence of the experimental conditions on the recovery yield is discussed.
Detonation Turbulence Interaction

This paper reports a numerical study on the effect of turbulence on the detonation wave properties. The analysis is based on the integration of the chemically reactive Navier- Stokes equations using a Runge-Kutta scheme and a fifth-order WENO spatial discretiza- tion. We perform a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the fluid-mechanics equations in three dimensions to determine the fine-scale evolution. with results generated using single step kinetics for chemical reaction while emphasizing the necessity of capturing finer scales. A similar technique with one-step kinetics is used for the present work. The pre-shock turbulent field is incompressible, isotropic and chemically homogeneous. The post-shock field is strongly inhomogeneous because of the thermo-fluid coupling in the induction region. Ribner et al. 5 states that the effect of exothermicity is to amplify the rms fluctuations downstream of the detonation, with the greatest changes occurring around the Chapman-Jouguet Mach number with a restrictive assumption of the reaction zone thickness being much smaller than the turbulence length scale (but induction zones can be quite large). The influence of transverse waves on detonation and the pattern of quasi-steady detonation fronts are discussed by Dou et al.,. 6 The dynamics of small fluid-mechanics scales is vital to resolving the thermo- fluid interaction in the induction region of a detonation. An unstable detonation wave possesses a large set of intrinsic fluctuating frequencies with a range that increases with the activation energy. 3
Teaching cryptography to undergraduate students in small liberal art schools

Teaching the concept of cryptography to undergraduate students in small traditional liberal art schools is important, but a challenging task. It is important because cryptography is the theoretical basis of computer and network security. It is challenging because with heavy mandatory liberal art class requirements, there is no room to accommodate an entire course or two on advanced topics such as cryptography in Computer Science curriculum. Thus, the concept of cryptography is sprinkled in different courses such as Operating Systems, Computer Networking, and Discrete Mathematics.Depending on time allowance, the author has taught this subject in one-class period to two-week period. Regardless of the length of time, students generally would like to know how to apply the cryptography in actual applications. Recently, the author along with a colleague has devised a model of "On-line/Off-line Signature Scheme with Two Signers" of which many applications (such as e-Traveler's Check [3], e-Check [4], and Proxy Signature) can build on top. The e-Traveler's Check [3] is the first ever electronic version of a paper Traveler's Check. By carefully selecting a set of important, representative cryptography components, along with the devised model and diverse applications, students get a coherent sense and appreciation of cryptography and more importantly many students express interest in going on pursuing cryptography in graduate schools or professional fields.
Recognition of characteristic patterns in sets of functionally equivalent DNA sequences

An algorithm has been developed for the identification of unknown patterns which are distinctive for a set of short DNA sequences believed to be functionally equivalent. A pattern is defined as being a string, containing fully or partially specified nucleotides at each position of the string. The advantage of this 'vague' definition of the pattern is that it imposes minimum constraints on the characterization of patterns. A new feature of the approach developed here is that it allows a 'fair' simultaneous testing of patterns of all degrees of degeneracy. This analysis is based on an evaluation of inhomogeneity in the empirical occurrence distribution of any such pattern within a set of sequences. The use of the nonparametric kernel density estimation of Parzen allows one to assess small disturbances among the sequence alignments. The method also makes it possible to identify sequence subsets with different characteristic patterns. This algorithm was implemented in the analysis of patterns characteristic of sets of promoters, terminators and splice junction sequences. The results are compared with those obtained by other methods.
Regulating access to SMIL formatted pay-per-view movies

XML [15] has become a standard format for information that moves within the World Wide Web. Previous work in securing XML documents concentrated mainly on textual documents. Those proposals are ineffective in the context of multimedia, which mostly comprises of some sensible combination of images, text, audio, and video. As multimedia constitutes a significant component of the traffic within the Internet, it requires to be secured. We propose an access control model and an encryption mechanism that enforces access control and maintains integrity of multimedia by using the Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL)[1], thereby preventing illegal or malicious unauthorized access or modifications to the media documents in transition. We show its utility in safeguarding pay-per-view movies and multi-level secure coalitions observing unfolding scenarios.
Patient Factors Associated with Hemoglobin A1C Change with Pioglitazone as Adjunctive Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Objective: To identify patient factors associated with change in hemoglobin A1C (A1C) with adjunct pioglitazone therapy in routine clinical practice.Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of adult type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a health maintenance organization setting who were newly-initiated on pioglitazone between January 2002 and December 2005. Eligible patients were receiving at least one other oral antihyperglycemic medication prior to initiating pioglitazone and maintained a stable dose of pioglitazone for 90 days. Data on eligible patients’ characteristics, pharmacy purchases, comorbidities, and A1C measurement 90 days prior to the pioglitazone purchase date (baseline) and 90 days after achieving a stable dose (follow-up) were obtained from electronic records. Multivariate regression modeling was used to assess factors independently associated with: 1) absolute change in A1C, 2) achieving a ≥1 percentage point decrease in A1C, and 3) achieving an A1C 8%. At follow-up, the mean A1C change was -1.2 percentage points (interquartile range= -0.4, -2.1), 59% achieved a ≥1 unit decrease in A1C, and 44% achieved an A1C<7%. Independent predictors in all models were baseline A1C and time (in days) between baseline and follow-up A1C measurements (p<0.05).Conclusions: Adjunct pioglitazone therapy in routine clinical practice was associated with clinically meaningful reductions in A1C levels. Patients with higher baseline A1C achieved the greatest absolute reduction in A1C but were less likely to achieve levels <7%.
Treatment with Levamisole of Recurrent Herpes Genitalis

A double-blind study was carried out to investigate the possibility of therapeutic effect of levamisole on recurrent progenital herpes. One hundred and nine patients, including 53 females, entered the study, but only 75 completed. Levamisole, 50 mg three times daily for 3 days, was started at the first sign of recurrence. The study period consisted of 6 visits or 12 months, whichever came first. No statistical differences were observed between levamisole and placebo groups when comparing the duration of the lesion and the degree of pain, although less pain was observed among those on levamisole. The interval between attacks was increasingly prolonged in the levamisole-treated group, and reached a significant level at the sixth visit. However, analysis on the basis of mean cumulative number of days between attacks showed no significant differences throughout the study period. Because of occasional neutropenia and generalized urticaria, and because of the absence of clear-cut clinical improvement of statistical significance, levamisole was considered of limited benefit to patients with recurrent genital herpes infection.
Mapping of the gene for human cysteine proteinase inhibitor stefin A, STF1, to chromosome 3cen-q21

The gene for the human cysteine proteinase inhibitor stefin A (STF1), alias cystatin A, has been mapped to chromosome 3, using the polymerase chain reaction to specifically amplify the human stefin A sequence in human-hamster hybrid DNA. STF1 is further sublocalized to regions between centromere and 3q21 using a deletion mapping panel for this chromosome. This assignment shows that stefin A is not syntenic with cystatin C which has been localized to chromosome 20.
Clinical significance of suprascapular nerve mobilization.

The anatomy of the suprascapular nerve is important to surgeons when focal nerve lesions necessitate surgical repair. Recent experience with a patient who had a complete suprascapular nerve lesion in the retroclavicular region (combined with axillary and musculocutaneous nerve lesions) is presented to illustrate that successful direct nerve repair is possible despite resection of a neuroma. Specifically, we found that neurolysis and mobilization of the suprascapular nerve and release of the superior transverse scapular ligament provided the necessary nerve length to achieve direct nerve repair after the neuroma was removed. A combined supraclavicular and infraclavicular approach to the suprascapular nerve provided excellent visualization, especially in the retroclavicular region. Postoperatively, the patient recovered complete shoulder abduction and external rotation with the direct repair, an outcome uncommonly achieved with interpositional grafting. Based on our operative experience, we set out to quantify the length that the suprascapular nerve could be mobilized with neurolysis. Mobilization of the nerve and release of the superior transverse scapular ligament generated an average of 1.6 cm and 0.7 cm of extra nerve length respectively, totaling 2.3 cm of additional usable nerve length overall. The ability to expose the suprascapular nerve in the retroclavicular/infraclavicular region and to mobilize the suprascapular nerve for possible direct repair has not been previously emphasized and is clinically important. This surgical approach and technique permits direct nerve repair after resection of a focal neuroma in the retroclavicular or infraclavicular region, thus avoiding interpositional grafting, and improving outcomes. Clin. Anat. 18:573–579, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
microRNA miR-17-92 cluster is highly expressed in epidermal Langerhans cells but not required for its development

Langerhans cells (LCs) are bone marrow-derived immature skin-residential dendritic cells (DCs) with a life cycle distinct from that of other types of DCs. The mechanisms involved in LC homeostasis and immunological functions are still not clear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression through either translational repression or mRNA degradation. A recent study showed that specific deletion of total miRNAs in DCs affects the homeostasis and function of only LCs, but not of other types of DCs. The roles of specific individual miRNA in LC development are still lacking. The miRNA miR-17-92 class, encoding miR-17, miR-18, miR-19a, miR-19b, miR-20 and miR-92, plays a very important role in B- and T-cell development and function. Here, we first report that epidermal LCs highly express the miR-17-92 class compared with spleen naive T cells. To further characterize the role of miR-17-92 in LC development, we generated LC-specific miR-17-92 knockout and knock-in mice. Interestingly, LC-specific gain- and loss-of-function of miR-17-92 cluster did not significantly change LC homeostasis, maturation ability, antigen capture and migration to draining lymph nodes. Thus, the miR-17-92 cluster may be functionally redundant and not critically required for LC development and function.
Content and synthesis of several abundant glycolytic enzymes in skeletal muscles of normal and dystrophic mice

Abstract 1. 1. In both 2- and 3-month-old 129 ReJ mice, the catalytic activity levels of three enzymes involved in glycogen breakdown (phosphorylase, enolase, and aldolase) were found to be 35–50% lower in hind limb muscles of dystrophic mice as compared with normal mice. 2. 2. The reduced activities of these enzymes in the diseased tissue was directly due to corresponcling reductions in the number of enzyme molecules rather than being due to inactivation of the enzymes in the dystrophic muscle. 3. 3. Results of short term double isotope incorporation experiments conducted with muscle expiants in vitro suggested that the rates of synthesis of these enzymes, and of most other abundant cytosolic proteins, relative to each other, were similar in hind limb muscles of normal and dystrophic mice. 4. 4. The present work on murine muscular dystrophy is discussed in terms of our previous studies into the influence of avian muscular dystrophy on the content and synthesis of abundant glycolytic enzymes in chicken skeletal muscles.
Metrical Results On Normality to Distinct Bases

Abstract This paper considers normality of real numbers to distinct non- integer bases. Specifically, using the method of Riesz products, it is shown for almost all real numbers θ > 3 that, unlike in the integer case, normality to base θ k does not imply normality to base θ l unless l = k .
A credit course assignment: the encyclopedia entry

Teaching research as a cognitive process rather than a set of skills and thereby ensuring critical thinking has been a concern of instructions librarians for some time. This article explains the design, rationale, and use of an innovative assignment, the encyclopedia entry, in a 200 level library credit course that targets sophomores and transfer students. At Western Washington University this course, “Library 201: Introduction to Research Strategies”, has historically required students to produce a free‐standing annotated bibliography. The encyclopedia entry assignment integrates “point of need” relevance into the course because the students choose sources that provide information which will actually be used in writing an encyclopedia entry.
Renal function in patients with multiple myeloma

Renal tubular and glomerular functions were evaluated in 35 consecutive patients with multiple myeloma and were correlated with changes in renal histopathology and myeloma protein patterns. All nine patients without Bence Jones proteinuria had CCr greater than 50 ml/min. In contrast 16/26 patients with Bence Jones proteinuria had CCr less than 50 ml/min and the magnitude of the Bence Jones proteinuria correlated well with the degree of renal insufficiency. Frequent abnormalities in renal tubular acidifying and concentrating ability were observed only in patients with Bence Jones proteinuria and occurred in the absence of significant reductions of glomerular filtration rate. Severely deranged renal histology was seen only in patients with Bence Jones proteinuria and consisted primarily of tubular atrophy and degeneration; glomeruli appeared normal. These data suggest that Bence Jones proteins exert a direct nephrotoxic effect at the tubular level with resultant tubular dysfunction and tubular atrophy. Glomerular filtration rate remains relatively preserved despite the significant abnormalities of tubular function. Although obstructing tubular casts were observed only in patients with severely impaired glomerular filtration rate, many patients with similarly impaired renal function had no evidence of such casts. Instead, tubular atrophy and degeneration correlated best with renal dysfunction.
Nocloprost, a unique prostaglandin E2 analog with local gastroprotective and ulcer-healing activity.

Nocloprost (9 beta-chloro-16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)) was examined for gastroprotective and ulcer-healing activity and compared to 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 (dmPGE) in rats. Nocloprost given intragastrically (i.g.) at various doses (0.01-10 micrograms/kg) 30 min before 100% ethanol, acidified aspirin (ASA), acidified taurocholate, water immersion, or restraint stress dose dependently prevented the formation of gastric lesions, the ID50 values being 0.25, 0.58, 0.06 and 0.12 micrograms/kg, respectively. The gastroprotection provided by nocloprost given i.g. was somewhat enhanced by the presence of acid in the stomach and was reduced by inhibition of gastric acid secretion. Nocloprost given s.c. also showed protective activity against ethanol damage but was ineffective when applied intraduodenally. The protective effect of nocloprost lasted about 8 h whereas that induced by dmPGE lasted 6 h. Nocloprost (0.01-100 micrograms/kg) given i.g. failed to affect gastric acid secretion or intestinal secretion (enteropooling) but prevented the increased gastroduodenal alkaline secretion. Nocloprost alone caused only a transient increase in the mucosal blood flow but prevented the fall in blood flow caused by 100% ethanol. [3H]Nocloprost was absorbed from the small intestine but was then taken up and metabolized by the liver and excreted into the bile so that very little reached the systemic circulation in an unchanged form. Nocloprost, unlike dmPGE, accelerated the healing of chronic gastric ulcerations and enhanced mucosal growth. We conclude that nocloprost is a locally active PGE2 analog with high cytoprotective and ulcer-healing efficacy.
Dismantling Gender Polarization and Compulsory Heterosexuality: Should We Turn the Volume Down or Up?

At the center of all my previous work on gender and sexuality has been the goal of shrinking both the relevance and the reach of the male/female dichotomy by trying, insofar as possible, to make it as minimal a presence in human social and psychological life as, say, eye color or foot size. Here, however, I argue that a more effective way to undo the privileged status of the two‐and‐only‐two categories of sex /gender / desire that are currently treated in Western culture as normal and natural may be to explode or proliferate such categories (i.e., to turn the volume up) rather than try to eliminate them (i.e., to turn the volume down). In making this argument, I discuss the work of three scholars whose ideas are central: philosopher Judith Butler, anthropologist Mary Douglas, and developmental geneticist Anne Fausto‐Sterling.
A search for new particles in Z decay

We have searched 310 hadronic Z decays for evidence of new quarks and leptons. We set lower mass limits of 40.7 GeV/c{sup 2} for top, 45 GeV/c{sup 2} for bottom prime, and 42.4 GeV/c{sup 2} for a heavy neutral lepton assuming their decays are predominantly via the charged current. Limits are also set for other decay modes and for mixtures of decay modes. 10 refs., 10 figs.
Analysis of the influence of vacuum chucking on the distortion of the KDP crystal

The potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal elements served as switcher and frequency converter are the key components in large laser system for inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Such kinds of crystal components, which can be treated as thin plates, are usually fixed on a vacuum chucker connected to the worktable and fabricated by the single point diamond turning machine. The bend due to the vacuum chucking is one of the most important contributors aggravating the distortion of the crystal plate. In this paper, we analyze the influence of vacuum chucking on the distortion of the crystal plate by using finite element analysis method. The calculating results show that the parameters of the chucker, such as the size of the chucking hole, the distribution of the holes, the vacuum pressure and the status of holding the crystal plate, are closely related to the distortion. Another interesting result is that the chucking force from the holes would have effect on the waviness of the surface.
Why We Watch the News: A Dataset for Exploring Sentiment in Broadcast Video News

We present a multimodal sentiment study performed on a novel collection of videos mined from broadcast and cable television news programs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first dataset released for studying sentiment in the domain of broadcast video news. We describe our algorithm for the processing and creation of person-specific segments from news video, yielding 929 sentence-length videos, and are annotated via Amazon Mechanical Turk. The spoken transcript and the video content itself are each annotated for their expression of positive, negative or neutral sentiment. Based on these gathered user annotations, we demonstrate for news video the importance of taking into account multimodal information for sentiment prediction, and in particular, challenging previous text-based approaches that rely solely on available transcripts. We show that as much as 21.54% of the sentiment annotations for transcripts differ from their respective sentiment annotations when the video clip itself is presented. We present audio and visual classification baselines over a three-way sentiment prediction of positive, negative and neutral, as well as person-dependent versus person-independent classification influence on performance. Finally, we release the News Rover Sentiment dataset to the greater research community.
Patient Expectations as Predictors of Outcome In Patients with Acute Low Back Pain

BACKGROUND Few studies have evaluated the association between patient expectations for recovery and clinical outcomes, and no study has evaluated whether asking patients to choose their therapy modifies such an association.
Synchronous pumping of picosecond dye laser using high efficiency second harmonic generation from optical fibres

The stable operation of a mode-locked dye laser synchronously pumped by the second harmonic of an Nd:YAG laser produced in an Nd codoped germanosilicate optical fiber is reported. The optical fiber preparation technique, which results in a second harmonic conversion efficiency of 2 percent, is described. This optical fiber SHG conversion efficiency is the highest reported to date using a continuous-wave mode-locked laser.
Uncovering the physical origin of self-phasing in coupled fiber lasers

We studied coherent beam combining in a specific laser cavity architecture in which two Ytterbium-doped fiber amplifiers are passively coupled using a homemade binary phase Dammann grating. Our experimental results show that coherent beam combining is robust against phase perturbation in such a laser cavity architecture when the operating point is sufficiently above the lasing threshold. We observed redistribution of energy within the supermode of this laser cavity in response to an externally applied path length error. The energy redistribution is accompanied by an internal differential phase shift between the coherently coupled gain arms. Self-phasing mitigates or even completely neutralizes the externally applied optical path length error. We identify the physical origin of the observed self-phasing with the resonant (gain related) nonlinearity in the gain elements under our experimental conditions.
Detection of organomercury, selenium and arsenic compounds by a capillary column gas chromatography-microwave plasma detector system

Abstract Low-pressure and atmospheric-pressure microwave-induced helium plasma detectors were interfaced with a capillary column gas chromatograph. A number of dialkyl mercury, diaryl mercury and monoalkyl mercury chlorides have been separated on both systems. The capillary column is well suited for the separation of organomercury compounds, but the selection of the appropriate scavenge gas is critical to achieve good peak shapes for these mercury compounds. The atmospheric pressure system exhibited better sensitivity and selectivity for organomercury compounds than the low-pressure system. In addition to the organomercury compounds, satisfactory separation has been achieved for trimethyl, triethyl and triphenylarsine on the gas chromatograph lowpressure microwave plasma detector system. Preliminary work using the atmospheric-pressure system for arsenic and selenium line selection is also presented.
Magnetic steering control of multi-cellular bio-hybrid microswimmers

Bio-hybrid devices, which integrate biological cells with synthetic components, have opened a new path in miniaturized systems with the potential to provide actuation and control for systems down to a few microns in size. Here, we address the challenge of remotely controlling bio-hybrid microswimmers propelled by multiple bacterial cells. These devices have been proposed as a viable method for targeted drug delivery but have also been shown to exhibit stochastic motion. We demonstrate a method of remote magnetic control that significantly reduces the stochasticity of the motion, enabling steering control. The demonstrated microswimmers consist of multiple Serratia marcescens (S. marcescens) bacteria attached to a 6 μm-diameter superparamagnetic bead. We characterize their motion and define the parameters governing their controllability. We show that the microswimmers can be controlled along two-dimensional (2-D) trajectories using weak magnetic fields (≤10 mT) and can achieve 2-D swimming speeds up to 7.3 μm s−1. This magnetic steering approach can be integrated with sensory-based steering in future work, enabling new control strategies for bio-hybrid microsystems.
Purine production during fasting in the slug, Limax flavus linne

The slug, Limax flavus, reduces hepatopancreatic rates of purine synthesis during fasting. 1 Total body purines decreased during fasting from 661 μg/g wet wt to 384 μg/g wet wt. Slugs fed ad libitum contained 1.5, 2.4 and 2.5 as much uric acid, xanthine and guanine as did slugs fasted for 20 to 23 days. Adenine and hypo-xanthine were detected inconsistently in the active feeding slugs, where values ranged from 0-78 μg/g wet wt and 0-94 μ/g wet wt, respectively (14C glycine-incorporation). 2 Rates of purine synthesis also decreased with fasting. In active feeding slugs, synthetic rates for adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, uric acid and xanthine were 17, 36, 14, 138 and 49 nmole/g/d, while in the fasting animals the rates were 2, 9, 0, 81 and 20 nmole/g/d, respectively. The rate of purine production dropped by 56% or a factor of 2.27, which was similar to the decrease in body purines (42% or 1.72 with fasting). 3 Slug hepatopancreatic phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase (E.C.2.4.2.14), the enzyme of the first committed step of purine synthesis de novo, was compared with the domesticated chicken liver enzyme. When assayed under the same conditions, both enzymes had similar activities, but differed in that substrate (glutamine) versus velocity plots were sigmoidal for the slug enzyme and hyperbolic for the chicken enzyme. Estimated substrate affinities were Km = 19.0 mM and Km = 2.0 mM for the slug and the chicken enzymes respectively.
Increased atherosclerosis and vascular smooth muscle cell activation in AIF-1 transgenic mice fed a high-fat diet

Abstract Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) is a cytoplasmic, scaffold signal transduction protein constitutively expressed in inflammatory cells, but inducible in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in response to injury or inflammatory stimuli. Although several basic science and population studies have reported increased AIF-1 expression in human and experimental atherosclerosis, a direct causal effect of AIF-1 expression on development of atherosclerosis has not been reported. The purpose of this study is to establish a direct relationship between AIF-1 expression and development of atherosclerosis. AIF-1 expression is detected VSMC in atherosclerotic lesions from ApoE −/− mice, but not normal arteries from wild-type mice. AIF-1 expression can be induced in cultured VSMC by stimulation with oxidized LDL (ox-LDL). Transgenic mice in which AIF-1 expression is driven by the G/C modified SM22 alpha promoter to restrict AIF-1 expression to VSMC develop significantly increased atherosclerosis compared with wild-type control mice when fed a high-fat diet ( P =0.022). Cultured VSMC isolated from Tg mice demonstrated significantly increased migration in response to ox-LDL compared with matched controls ( P
A new species of the Late Triassic aetosaur Desmatosuchus (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia)

Reanalysis of known armor of the stagonolepidid (aetosaur) Desmatosuchus has shown distinct differences in the lateral armor among individuals known from Carnian and Norian age rocks in the southwestern United States. Combined with previously reported cranial differences it is apparent that Norian specimens of Desmatosuchus represent a species distinct from the type species Desmatosuchus haplocerus and are described herein as Desmatosuchus smalli n. sp. D. smalli is known solely from Norian age rocks, whereas D. haplocerus is known only from Carnian age rocks. The separation of Desmatosuchus into distinct Carnian and Norian species suggests some biostratigraphic utility for these taxa. To cite this article: W.G. Parker, C. R. Palevol 4 (2005).
Magnetically Induced Spin-Reversal Transitions in Impurity Hop Conduction in n -Type Germanium

At high magnetic fields (45-146 kG) the magnetoresistance $\frac{\ensuremath{\rho}}{{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}}$ of hop conduction in $n$-type germanium is found to have a temperature dependence which increases with field strength. It is shown that phononassisted tunneling with reversals of spins of electrons while they make interdonor transitions can account for this effect. Spin reversals are caused by strong coupling of phonon shear waves with spins of electrons in donor ground states in the presence of the magnetic field. An expression for the probability of the interdonor transition with spin flip is obtained by modifying the ordinary spin-lattice relaxation theory to apply to a two-donor system. The modification follows the theory for phonon-assisted spin-conserving electron tunneling between donors.
The Skill Set for Success of New Business School Graduates: Do Prospective Employers and University Faculty Agree?

Abstract Prior studies have identified the skills and abilities that employers expect graduates of business schools to possess for entry into the workplace. In general, as the business environment changes, the desired skills and abilities of business school graduates change. For this study, we surveyed prospective employers and university faculty on their perceptions of the skills and abilities business school graduates should possess to contribute effectively in the new century. The findings indicate some significant changes in the skills and abilities expected of business school graduates in comparison with earlier studies. Further, some significant differences between prospective employers and faculty are identified.
Comparison between theories and test data concerning the strength of various fibre-polymer composites.

Abstract Predictions of laminate strengths made in three earlier papers are now compared with test data supplied by the organizers of an extensive comparison between many composite failure theories. Any discrepancies are identified and ascribed specifically to limitations of the tests or theories, as appropriate. The agreement is good, particularly in regard to fibre-dominated values. The capabilities in regard to predicting matrix failures are better than was anticipated, particularly for the Ten-Percent Rule, but they are definitely incomplete. Nevertheless, the comparison of the predictions by these theories with those from the theories of the other participants has yet to be made. The corresponding contributions from the other authors need to be examined, as well, to complete the evaluation of the many theories, and to identify what gaps might still exist in the overall capability to predict the strength of fibre–polymer composite laminates.
The crystal field splittings in the 5f complexes

The crystal field splittings of some (5f)1 and (5f)2 complexes are investigated. Octahedral coordination leads to crystal field splittings of the same order of magnitude as the spin-orbit coupling parameterζ. In contrast to this, tetrahedral coordination produces rather small splittings of the atomic levels. The values of the crystal field parametersΘ andΔ are found to be extremely sensitive to small variations isζ and render any straight-forward least squares analysis of band positions somewhat dubious. The amount of splitting of theΓ→ Γ′8 transition provides some insight into the regularity of coordination in (5f)1 compounds. The orders of magnitude for the crystalline field parameters in (5f)2 compounds can distinguish octahedral from tetrahedral coordinations.
Histogenesis of the embryonic myocardium

Abstract The ultrastructure of the developing chick ventricular myocardium was examined between Hamburger-Hamilton stage 12 − (15 somites; about 45 hours incubation) and the time of hatching (about 21 days incubation). The myocardium is an epithelial tissue initially containing only developing myocytes. No epicardium is present and no mesenchymal cells such as fibroblasts are seen. By the third day of development, portions of the ventricular endocardium invade the myocardium. After this event and the development of the epicardium from an extramyocardial source, mesenchymal cells are seen within the myocardium. These cells, the first nonmuscular components seen within the myocardium, are probably fibroblasts derived from the endocardium or the epicardium. The myocardium is honeycombed with large anastomosing channels. The extracellular matrix within these spaces is electron-lucent until the nonmyocardial mesenchymal cells appear. A flocculent component then develops. Early cardiac myocytes contain few fibrils and large amounts of cytoplasm. The fibrils are not regularly oriented within the young cells. As development proceeds, more fibrils are formed; the cytoplasm decreases and the fibrils become aligned in the mature orderly pattern. Possible mechanisms to explain these phenomena are discussed.
‘A capacity for evil’: The 1915 supreme court Mutual Decision

(1989). ‘A capacity for evil’: The 1915 supreme court Mutual Decision. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 59-78.
Role of cortical reorganization on the effect of 5-HT pharmacotherapy for spinal cord injury.

Abstract Cortical reorganization or expansion of the intact cortical regions into the deafferented cortex after complete spinal transection in neonatally spinalized rats was shown to be essential for increases in weight-supported stepping at adulthood. The novel somatotopic organization identified in these animals can be induced by exercise or spinal transplants that bridge the site of injury. However, the role of cortical reorganization in increased weight-supported (WS) stepping after pharmacotherapy is unknown. For the neonatally spinalized rat model, the 5-HT 2C receptor agonist 1-( m -chlorophenyl)-piperazine hydrochloride (mCPP) increases the number of WS steps taken when administered to adult rats spinalized as neonates (mCPP +) though not all animals showed this effect (mCPP −). Since no differences in the behavior of the animals off-drug has been demonstrated, it is unclear why acute administration of 5-HT affects only a subset of animals. One possibility is that differences in cortical organization between mCPP + and mCPP − may contribute to the differences in the functional effect of mCPP. To test this, we recorded from single neurons in the deafferented hindlimb sensorimotor cortex during passive sensory stimulation of the cutaneous surface of the forepaws and during active sensorimotor stimulation of the forepaws while the animals locomoted on a motorized treadmill. Our results show that neurons recorded from mCPP + animals increased their responsiveness to both passive and active stimulation off-drug in comparison to neurons from mCPP − animals. These data suggest that differences in the cortical organization of mCPP + compared to mCPP − animals may be at least partially responsible for the effect of a 5-HT 2C receptor agonist on functional outcome.
Bullying May Be Fueled by the Desperate Need to Belong

Human beings have a fundamental need to belong, for ongoing positive interactions with others who provide companionship and caring (Baumeister & Leary, 1995). Children may hit, exclude, or harass others electronically because when their own needs for belongingness are threatened, or when they want to enhance their own status, they lash out and hurt others in the way they think will be most painful, by engaging in behaviors that undermine the target's sense of belongingness. For reasons discussed below, children and adolescents might be especially vulnerable to desperate needs for belongingness. Viewing bullying as motivated by the need to belong has profound implications for prevention and intervention programs to reduce bullying.
Role of Gas Diffusion in Bloater Formation of Brined Cucumbers

A method was developed to measure diffusion rates of CO2 and N2 through fresh and brined cucumber tissue to examine the role of gas diffusion in bloater formation. The diffusion rate of CO2 was 3.2 times greater than N2 through fresh and 2.4 times greater than N2 through brined cucumber tissue. The ratio of the diffusion rates of CO2 to N2 through brined cucumbers was not significantly altered from that of fresh fruit. Solubility of gases was determined to be a factor governing the rate and extent of bloater damage. Maximum rates of increase in expansion volume of N2-exchanged cucumbers was 0.42, 1.30, and 11.90% hr−1 for brines purged with Ar, CO2, and SO2, respectively, and 0.89% hr−1 for Ar-exchanged fruit following purge of the brine with CO2.
Associations between gait and clinical parameters in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis: a multiple correspondence analysis.

Abstract Background Given the complexity of the gait of patients with knee osteoarthritis, a multiple correspondence analysis may be helpful to optimise the extraction of relevant gait and clinical information. Therefore, the aims of this study are to identify the main associations with clinical and gait biomechanical parameters and to evaluate whether there are more specific knee osteoarthritis groups with different gait profiles. Methods Ninety patients with severe knee osteoarthritis and twenty-six healthy individuals participated in this study. Pain and function were assessed with the WOMAC Index; knee joint deformity was assessed by the hip-knee-ankle angle on full-limb radiography; and full body gait analysis was performed with a motion analysis system and force plates. Findings Using multiple correspondence analysis, two categories of gait parameters that best explain the gait variance of patients with knee osteoarthritis were highlighted. The forward displacement category is composed of the parameters speed, stride length, hip flexion and knee flexion. The frontal category is composed of the parameters thorax obliquity and knee adductor moments. Moreover, based on these parameters, four distinct gait profiles were identified: two gait profiles were associated with knee varus deformities, increased thorax obliquity and different forward displacements, while two gait profiles were associated with valgus deformities and different forward displacements. Interpretation These gait parameters can be used to simplify the characterisation of the gait of the knee osteoarthritis population. Patients in varus profiles increase thorax obliquity on the stance limb and may reduce forward displacement. Patients in valgus profiles, however, only reduce forward displacement.
Influence of the ovaries and fat body on the initiation and termination of pre-oviposition behavior in the mosquito, Aedes aegypti

Abstract Pre-oviposition behavior, or the attraction to oviposition-site stimuli by female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, generally accompanies egg maturation. When ovariectomy occurred after blood ingestion, even as soon as 3 h afterwards, pre-oviposition behavior was still initiated at 3 days after the meal. Ovariectomized A. aegypti hosts engaged in pre-oviposition behavior when they were implanted with ovaries from Culex quinquefasciatus or A. taeniorhynchus and then fed blood, but ovaries of Anopheles nr. salbaii could not initiate this behavior. Fat body from gravid females induced pre-oviposition behavior when it was injected into non-gravid recipients, but not to the same extent as in a gravid mosquito. Pre-oviposition behavior was terminated after oviposition occurred, even if a denervated mature ovary implant was still present, suggesting that the behavior is terminated by a nervous signal.
Rat thymic homogenates convert testosterone to androgenic metabolites.

Abstract Homogenates of the thymus glands of castrate male rats were incubated with [ 14 C]-testosterone (T) and a NADPH generating system in a 95% O 2 : 5% CO 2 atmosphere and a buffered Krebs-Ringer medium. After extraction and appropriate Chromatographic separation, the neutral fraction was noted to contain labelled 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol, (5α-A-diol), androstenedione (Δ4-A) and a polar unknown. The phenolic fraction failed to reveal any estrogenic metabolites. Identification of metabolites was confirmed by recrystallization to constant 3 H/ 14 C ratios. It is concluded that the rat thymus contains steroidal 5α-reductase which can convert testosterone to androgenic metabolites.
A novel proteomic-based screening method for ovarian cancer using cervicovaginal fluids: A window into the abdomen.

Abstract Objective Our objective is to develop a site-specific proteomic-based screening test for ovarian cancer(OC) using the mucus of the cervix and vagina and evaluate a potential means for home testing. Methods Cervicovaginal fluid samples were obtained from ovarian cancer and normal control patients for LC-mass spectrometry(MS) proteomic evaluation. Statistical modeling determined the protein panel with the highest penetrance across ovarian cancer samples. A subcohort of patients consented to provide self-collected vaginal samples at home with questionnaire on feasibility. Cohen's kappa methodology was utilized to determine agreement between physician-collected and patient-collected samples. Results A total of 83 consecutive patient samples were collected prospectively (33 ovarian cancer & 50 controls). Thirty patients consented for self-collection. Using LC-MS, 30 peptides demonstrated independent statistical significance for detecting ovarian cancer. Using statistical modeling, the protein panel that determined the best predictor for detecting OC formed a “fingerprint” consisting of 5 proteins: s erine proteinase inhibitor A1; periplakin; profilin1; apolipoprotein A1; and thymosin beta4-like protein. These peptides demonstrated a significant increase probability of detecting ovarian cancer with the ROC curve having an AUC of 0.86 (p = 0.00001). Physician-collected and patient-collected specimens demonstrated moderate agreement with kappa average of 0.6 with upper bound of 0.75. Conclusions Using novel site-specific collection methods, we identified an OC “fingerprint” with adequate sensitivity and specificity to warrant further evaluation in a larger cohort. Agreement of physician-collected and patient-collected samples were encouraging and could improve access to screening with a home self-collection if this screening test is validated in future studies.
Pulsatile Gonadotropin Secretion in Women with Hypothalamic Amenorrhea: Evidence that Reduced Frequency of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion Is the Mechanism of Persistent Anovulation*

Hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA) is a clinical disorder of unknown etiology. The diagnosis is made by exclusion of known abnormalities of pituitary and ovarian function. To determine if abnormalities of GnRH secretion could account for the anovulation and amenorrhea, we measured plasma gonadotropins every 20 min for 10- to 24-h periods in 19 women with HA. Ovarian steroids and gonadotropin responses to an iv bolus dose of GnRH (25 ng/kg) were also measured. The results were compared to those obtained during the early follicular (EF) and late luteal (LL) phases of ovulatory cycles in normal women. Plasma estradiol was lower (mean +/- SE, 52 +/- 5 pg/ml) than either cycle stage in normal women. Mean plasma LH was lower than EF values and FSH was higher than LL values. The amplitude of LH pulses in HA was similar to that in normal women. LH pulse frequency was the same as that present during the LL, but lower than that during the EF (HA, 4.7 pulses/12 h; EF, 7.7 pulses/12 h; P less than 0.05). In addition to the similar frequency, the patterns of LH secretion in HA resembled that of LL in that the amplitude of LH pulses was highly variable and pulses occurred at irregular intervals. Consistent changes in diurnal gonadotropin secretion were not found, and LH secretion was greater at night in 9 studies and during the day in 5 studies. Repeat studies in three patients (5-13 months later) revealed that LH pulse frequency was variable, being unchanged in 1, increased in 1, and decreased in the third patient. Thus, LH pulse frequency and, by inference, GnRH pulse frequency are similar in HA to those in the normal luteal phase despite a different steroid milieu. GnRH pulse frequency increases from the luteal to the follicular phases of normal cycles and may be important in the initiation of ovarian follicular maturation. These data suggest that the absence of cyclical gonadotropin secretion and anovulation in HA result from a decreased frequency and irregular amplitude of GnRH secretion and consequent absence of ovarian follicular maturation.
Methamphetamine Induces Low Levels of Neurogenesis in Striatal Neuron Subpopulations and Differential Motor Performance

Methamphetamine (METH) causes significant loss of some striatal projection and interneurons. Recently, our group reported on the proliferation of new cells 36 h after METH and some of the new cells survive up to 12 weeks (Tulloch et al., Neuroscience 193:162–169, 2011b). We hypothesized that some of these cells will differentiate and express striatal neuronal phenotypes. To test this hypothesis, mice were injected with METH (30 mg/kg) followed by a single BrdU injection (100 mg/kg) 36 h after METH. One week after METH, a population of BrdU-positive cells expressed the neuronal progenitor markers nestin (18 %) and β-III-tubulin (30 %). At 8 weeks, 14 % of the BrdU-positive cells were also positive for the mature neuron marker, NeuN. At 12 weeks, approximately 7 % of the BrdU-positive cells co-labeled with ChAT, PV or DARPP-32. We measured motor coordination on the rotarod and psychomotor activity in the open-field. At 12 weeks, METH–injected mice exhibited delayed motor coordination deficits. In contrast, open-field tests revealed that METH-injected mice compared to saline mice displayed psychomotor deficits at 2.5 days but not at 2 or more weeks after METH. Taken together, these data demonstrate that some of the new cells generated in the striatum differentiate and express the phenotypes of striatal neurons. However, the proportion of these new neurons is low compared to the proportion that died by apoptosis 24 h after the METH injection. More studies are needed to determine if the new neurons are functional.