cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predictors of transcutaneous oxygen tension in the lower limbs of diabetic subjects

We examined neuropathy, ankle pressure index (API), and other factors as predictors of transcutaneous oxygen (TcPO2) in the lower limbs of 657 diabetic subjects. Eligible subjects underwent a clinical assessment that included three standard measures of autonomic neuropathy. TcPO2 measurements were performed at 37 degrees C and 44 degrees C at four lower limb locations. Associations between potential predictors and TcPO2 were tested using univariate and multivariate statistics. Mean TcPO2 at any site did not differ by presence of autonomic neuropathy at either temperature, except for a significantly lower value at 44 degrees C below the knee (56.5 versus 59.2 mmHg, p = 0.021). In multivariate analysis, autonomic neuropathy was significantly and independently related to leg 44 degrees C TcPO2 only (coefficient = -2.6734, p = 0.0182). Much stronger associations were seen between TcPO2 and age, ankle blood pressure, and relative body weight on the plantar foot; and between API, glycosylated haemoglobin, ankle blood pressure, and pedal oedema on the dorsal foot and leg. We conclude that factors related to lower limb TcPO2 vary depending on measurement site. Autonomic neuropathy is not an important determinant of TcPO2 in the feet of diabetic subjects. Although several predictors of TcPO2 were identified, most of the variance of this measurement remains unexplained.
Three-Dimensional EBSD Analysis of YSZ, NiO-YSZ and Ni-Alloy

In this report, a method is discussed to perform successive milling on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), NiO-YSZ and Ni-alloy at the intervals of 85 nm 50 nm and 100 nm, respectively using a focused ion beam (FIB) followed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis on each slice. The EBSD data is then reconstructed to generate 3D volume. The 3D-EBSD band quality data is superimposed on inverse pole figure (IPF) grain orientation analysis to get a correlation with quality of band indexing. For the NiO-YSZ case, grain orientations and band quality factors were matched for grains ~250 nm diameters producing a high resolution 3D-EBSD data. For this case, a pore space in 3D volume was visible due to nanocrystalline NiO-YSZ grain network. The advantages of 3D EBSD are discussed in the context of its applications to SOFC research community.
Improved Bayesian Infrasonic Source Localization for regional infrasound

The Bayesian Infrasonic Source Localization (BISL) methodology is examined and simplified providing a generalized method of estimating the source location and time for an infrasonic event and the mathematical framework is used therein. The likelihood function describing an infrasonic detection used in BISL has been redefined to include the von Mises distribution developed in directional statistics and propagation-based, physically derived celerity-range and azimuth deviation models. Frameworks for constructing propagation-based celerity-range and azimuth deviation statistics are presented to demonstrate how stochastic propagation modelling methods can be used to improve the precision and accuracy of the posterior probability density function describing the source localization. Infrasonic signals recorded at a number of arrays in the western United States produced by rocket motor detonations at the Utah Test and Training Range are used to demonstrate the application of the new mathematical framework and to quantify the improvement obtained by using the stochastic propagation modelling methods. Moreover, using propagation-based priors, the spatial and temporal confidence bounds of the source decreased by more than 40 per cent in all cases and by as much as 80 per cent in one case. Further, the accuracy of the estimates remained high, keeping the ground truth within the 99more » per cent confidence bounds for all cases.« less
High-Resolution 3-D Imaging and Tissue Differentiation with Transmission Tomography

A three-dimensional High-resolution Ultrasonic Transmission Tomography (HUTT) system has been developed recently under the sponsorship of the Alfred Mann Institute at the University of Southern California that holds the promise of early detection of breast cancer (mm-size lesions) with greater sensitivity (true positives) and specificity (true negatives) than current x-ray mammograghy. In addition to sub-mm resolution in 3-D, the HUTT system has the unique capability of reliable tissue classification by means of the frequency-dependent attenuation characteristics of individual voxels that are extracted from the tomographic data through novel signal processing methods. These methods yield “multi-band signatures” of the various tissue types that are utilized to achieve reliable tissue differentiation via novel segmentation and classification algorithms. The unparalleled high-resolution and tissue differentiation capabilities of the HUTT system have been demonstrated so far with man-made and animal-tissue phantoms. Illustrative results are presented that corroborate these claims, although several challenges remain to make HUTT a clinically acceptable technology. The next critical step is to collect and analyze data from human subjects (female breasts) in order to demonstrate the key capability of the HUTT system to detect breast lesions early (at the mm-size stage) and to differentiate between malignant and benign lesions in a manner that is far superior (in terms of sensitivity and specificity) to the current x-ray mammography. The key initial application of the HUTT imaging technology is envisioned to be the early (at the mm-size) detection of breast cancer, which represents a major threat to the well-being of women around the world. The potential impact is estimated in hundreds of thousands lives saved, millions of unnecessary biopsies avoided, and billions of dollars saved in national health-care costs every year – to say nothing of the tens of thousands of relieved Radiologists worldwide, who will finally have at their disposal a reliable and effective diagnostic tool for early detection of breast cancer. Numerous other potential applications of this medical imaging technology are possible, following proper adjustments to the specific scanning requirements of each particular application
Hitting or Missing African UAS Objectives? An Evaluation of Universal Access and Service (UAS) Policy Guidelines for Developing Countries

Most African countries have historically lagged in telecommunications development. Recent modifications to universal access and service (UAS) policies have helped develop an environment capable of unprecedented mobile telecommunications growth. The World Bank Information for Development Program (InfoDev) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) developed "The ICT Regulation Toolkit" (ICTRT) to serve as a "best practice" guide for ICT policymakers in developing countries. The ICTRT recommends that developing countries include roll-out obligations in telecommunications licenses, develop a UAS fund to manage subsidies needed for investment, develop commercial rather than UAS policy solutions, take advantage of new technological efficiencies to achieve UAS objectives, include social factors in the design of UAS policies, and align UAS objectives with national social programs to foster co-achievement of long-term development goals. By conducting a critical analysis of Uganda's adoption of the ICTRT "best practice" guidelines, this paper contextualizes the impacts of policy transfer. The paper concludes with supply and demand-side UAS objectives that should be incorporated into the ICTRT.
Book Review A Question of Technique: Independent Psychoanalytic Approaches with Children and Adolescents By Monica Lanyado and Ann Horn (editors) 2006

Routledge, London Paperback, ISBN: 978–0–415–37913–7 (paperback), USD33.95 272 pages www.routledge.com Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health 2007, 19(1): 89–90
Structure of a 2 ∘ (010) Cu twist boundary interface and the segregation of vacancies and He atoms

A 2${}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ (010) Cu twist boundary is characterized by two sets of $\frac{1}{2}$$\ensuremath{\langle}$110$\ensuremath{\rangle}$ screw dislocations crossing at misfit dislocation intersections (MDIs). Molecular dynamics simulations show that between MDIs, dislocations split into the two possible ${111}$ planes that share the $\ensuremath{\langle}$110$\ensuremath{\rangle}$ direction, forming a constriction where the glide planes change. Elasticity theory predicts the relative stability of such structures compared to structures without constrictions. Constrictions offer vacancy trapping sites that are lower in energy than those at the MDIs and with larger basins of attraction. For the substitutional He atom, MDIs and constrictions are comparable in energy. An off-lattice kinetic Monte Carlo code accounting for the presence of dislocations and their distortion fields shows that voids would form at the constriction points rather than at the MDIs. High-resolution experiments are needed to test the predicted structure.
FIV Considerations for BWR Steam Dryers for EPU Operation

Steam dryers in Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs), located in the upper steam dome of the reactor pressure vessel, are not pressure retaining components and are not designed and constructed to American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section III safety class. Although the steam dryers in BWRs perform no safety function, they must maintain the structural integrity in order to avoid the generation of loose parts that may adversely impact the capability of other plant equipment to perform their safety functions. The majority of licensees of many operating nuclear plants are applying for extended power uprate (EPU), which increases the thermal power output up to 20% above the original licensed thermal power (OLTP). Nuclear power plant components such as steam dryers can be subjected to strong fluctuating loads and can experience unexpected high cycle fatigue due to adverse flow effects while operating at EPU conditions. However, there are some unique challenges for operation of dryers at EPU conditions requiring special considerations to prevent fatigue damage from the effects of flow induced vibration (FIV). This paper examines the FIV considerations and margin recommendations for fatigue stresses due to many uncertainties in the prediction of the fluctuating pressure loading acting on the steam dryer and the structural analysis of the steam dryer, very limited bench marking of the methods, and operating experience with some dryer failures.© 2011 ASME
Reactions of wild and albino mice in response to forced swimming.

SummaryThe suggestions in the literature that there are differences in response between strains of domestic and wild animals of the same species, based on supposed differences in psychological and physiological behavior, have not been borne out by the present study. The wild and albino mice utilized in the current study showed no significant differences in swimming time to exhaustion, or colonic temperature at exhaustion. These observations were in direct opposition to those reported comparing wild and domestic rats. There were individual variations in swimming times at all water temperatures despite the utilization of a precise end point for exhaustion. A valuable criterion for exhaustion appeared to be the final colonic temperature as suggested by the relationship between swimming times, water temperature (at least between 20 and 37°C) and colonic temperature. Other factors markedly shorten the duration of swimming at bath temperatures of 15 and 42°C. Group swimming resulted in a 50% decrease in swim ti...
In vivo measurements of lead in bone using a 109Cd 'spot' source.

The principles of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) have been described elsewhere1. The XRF technique described here uses the 88.035 keV γ-rays from 109Cd which fluoresce the K shell X-rays of lead and a backscatter geometry is adopted. This technique was developed at the University of Birmingham, England2. In addition to the one described here, further measurement systems are under development3.
Analysis On Epidemiological Characteristics Of Imported Malaria Cases In Hefei City From 2008 To 2009

Objective To analyze the epidemic trend and characteristics of imported malaria in Hefei from 2008 to 2009,and provide scientific bases for the implemention of preventive and control measures.Methods The clinical and epidemiological materials of imported malaria cases from 2008 to 2009 in Hefei were collected and analyzed by Epi-info and Excel.Results 40 imported malaria cases were reported in Hefei from 2008 to 2009.Male cases were the majority.The median age was 35.5 years.All the sources of cases came from Africa.Compared with 2008,the time from malaria incidence to diagnosis in 2009 was significantly decreased(P0.05).Conclusions The incidence of the imported malaria has a increasing trend year by year.The management of the imported malaria cases must be enhanced,especially the management and surveillance of people from malaria high prevalence districts and of cases.
Contraceptive use among women with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review

Abstract Background Contraception is an important consideration for women with multiple sclerosis (MS); however, little is known about the possible effects of hormonal contraception on disease progression or other adverse outcomes (e.g., thrombosis, low bone mineral density). Objective To evaluate the evidence on the safety of contraceptive use among women with MS. Search strategy We searched the PubMed database for peer-reviewed articles published in any language from database inception through July 2015. Selection criteria We included studies that examined health outcomes among women diagnosed with MS initiating or continuing a contraceptive method. We excluded case reports and case series but included all other study designs. Results From 111 articles, we identified four studies (from 5 articles) that met our inclusion criteria. Evidence from one randomized controlled trial, two retrospective cohort studies, and one cross-sectional study suggests that use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) or oral contraceptives (OCs) (type not specified) among women with MS does not worsen the clinical course of disease, defined as disability level , disease severity or progression , relapse or number of new brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (body of evidence grading Level I, fair to Level II-3, poor). No studies were identified that examined the safety of other contraceptive methods or examined other outcomes of interest (venous thromboembolism, changes in bone mineral density) related to contraceptive use among women with MS. Conclusions Limited evidence suggests that COC or OC use after MS onset does not worsen the clinical course of disease.
Refrigerated platelets stored in whole blood up to 5 days adhere to thrombi formed during hemorrhagic hypotension in rats.

SummaryBackground There is renewed interest in the therapeutic use of cold-stored platelets for bleeding patients. However, critical information is absent or partially available in vitro. Therefore, thrombus formation and platelet adhesion were studied in vivo, in situ, using bleeding and thrombosis models in instrumented rats, and confocal intravital videomicroscopy Objectives We tested the hypothesis that refrigerated (4°C) platelets (stored for 24 hours or 5 days) participated in thrombus formation as well as platelets stored at room temperature (RT, 22°C). This hypothesis was tested in normovolemia and hemorrhagic hypotension Methods & Results After fluorescently-labeled platelet infusion, endothelial injury and vessel rupture were laser-induced in cremaster microvessels and platelet adhesion in >230 developing thrombi was evaluated. Blood samples were collected for biochemistry and coagulation assays while multiple systemic physiological parameters were recorded. Hemorrhagic hypotension study animals were subjected to 40% hemorrhage leading to hypotension and hemodilution during in vivo platelet adhesion assessments. The fluorescence intensity associated with labeled platelet adherence provided a quantitative index of adhesion. Cold-stored platelets performed as well as those stored at RT in normovolemic animals. During hypotension, cold-stored platelets still performed as well as RT-stored while platelet adhesion and thrombus formation were increased relative to normovolemic animals, in bleeding model experiments Conclusions We found the methodology suitable for evaluating platelet function in vivo after different storage conditions in fully monitored animals. Refrigerated platelets (stored up to 5 days) participated as well as RT-stored platelets in thrombi formed after hemorrhage, suggesting that refrigerated platelets are effective during hypotensive situations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Glucose-Independent Glutamine-Driven TCA Cycle in Cancer Cells

Although genetic alterations are ultimately believed to cause cancer, they can also lead to dysregulation of genes encoding metabolic enzymes that enables cancer cells to proliferate and metastasize. Even though the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is considered an oxidation pathway for glucose metabolism, Le et al. have demonstrated otherwise. Using stable isotope-resolved metabolomics to resolve 13C and 15N from labeled glucose or glutamine, they found that B-cell cancers maintain their TCA cycle solely relying on glutamine when glucose is withdrawn. This glucose-independent TCA cycle allows cancer cells to maintain its bioenergetics, catabolic, and anabolic needs under glucose limited conditions. The effect is so profound that certain cancer cells become addicted and cannot proliferate without glutamine, even in the presence of glucose. Due to glutamine’s emerging role in cancer, targeting the glutaminolysis pathway is a promising new approach to cancer therapy. Moreover, the results of their research demonstrated that inhibition of glutaminase, an enzyme that converts glutamine to glutamate, slows B-cell cancer growth. The ability of B-cell cancer cells to reprogram their metabolism by using glutamine instead of glucose to adapt to the nutrient availability in the tumor microenvironment confers a selective advantage for cancer cell survival and proliferation. This knowledge gives researchers a critical means by which to exploit the metabolic adaptations of these cancer cells and develop new cancer therapies.
Patterning of nanophotonic structures at optical fiber tip for refractive index sensing

This paper reports on an efficient and convenient method of patterning nanostructures on the cleaved facet of an optical fiber. The fabrication method utilizes ultraviolet (UV) assisted nanoimprint lithography in which the fiber tip is pressed against a stamp carrying nanoscale patterns, and then is exposed to UV radiation. The novelty of this work lies in utilizing simpler fabrication steps with better control over angle of contact at the fiber tip, which leads to rapid formation of nanostructures with well-defined features. An array of nanoposts are patterned at fiber tip and coated with titanium oxide to work as a guided mode resonant (GMR) device. The sensitivity of the fiber-tip GMR device to surrounding refractive index is 183.3 nm per refractive index unit. The proposed nanofabrication method offers a promising approach to develop remote fiber-optic sensors with intrinsic optical beam alignment for detecting the presence of subtle concentration of analytes at the fiber tip.
Targeting YAP-dependent MDSC infiltration impairs tumor progression

Meeting abstracts Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent a phenotypically heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that play a tumor-promoting role by maintaining a state of immunological anergy and tolerance. Similar to other solid tumor types, Prostate cancer (PCa) is
The Trichodesmium consortium: conserved heterotrophic co-occurrence and genomic signatures of potential interactions

The nitrogen (N)-fixing cyanobacterium Trichodesmium is globally distributed in warm, oligotrophic oceans, where it contributes a substantial proportion of new N and fuels primary production. These photoautotrophs form macroscopic colonies that serve as relatively nutrient-rich substrates that are colonized by many other organisms. The nature of these associations may modulate ocean N and carbon (C) cycling, and can offer insights into marine co-evolutionary mechanisms. Here we integrate multiple omics-based and experimental approaches to investigate Trichodesmium-associated bacterial consortia in both laboratory cultures and natural environmental samples. These efforts have identified the conserved presence of a species of Gammaproteobacteria (Alteromonas macleodii), and enabled the assembly of a near-complete, representative genome. Interorganismal comparative genomics between A. macleodii and Trichodesmium reveal potential interactions that may contribute to the maintenance of this association involving iron and phosphorus acquisition, vitamin B12 exchange, small C compound catabolism, and detoxification of reactive oxygen species. These results identify what may be a keystone organism within Trichodesmium consortia and support the idea that functional selection has a major role in structuring associated microbial communities. These interactions, along with likely many others, may facilitate Trichodesmium’s unique open-ocean lifestyle, and could have broad implications for oligotrophic ecosystems and elemental cycling.
Improving Instruction through Brief Interviews.

sity of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 841 12. Peck is interested in the mathematical preparation of teachers and the improvement of mathematics education for children. Jencks' s professional life is devoted to helping children build adequate conceptual constructs for mathematics. Michael Connell is interested in the metacognition during mathematical problem solving of students scoring well on testing measures but who do not understand their work. He teaches
Brain changes associated with age-related hearing loss.

Purpose of reviewTo discuss brain changes associated with age-related hearing loss (ARHL), including cognitive abilities and neuroimaging findings. This information will be helpful to hypothesize and ultimately understand how ARHL may be mechanistically related to changes in brain structure and func
Rectangular Material Structures in Space-Time

This chapter illustrates the influence produced by the material geometry in space-time on the wave propagation through the DM structures. For the wave equation with coefficients variable in 1D + time, there is suggested a special dynamic structure (spatial-temporal rectangular ”checkerboard”) that may support the energy accumulation in waves traveling through it. Energy is concentrated in progressively sharpening pulses carrying high (theoretically infinite) power. The structural parameters chosen within special ranges do not allow wave reflections, so the system becomes nonoscillatory and works on the principle that is different from parametric resonance. Instead its work is totally based on the ability of a checkerboard to support such a pattern of the wave routes that allows the energy to be pumped into the wave from outside but never permits its back into the environment. The material of this chapter is directly focused onto practical implementation, both in electromagnetic and mechanical setups.
Perinatal Development of Liver Mitochondrial Function

Just before birth, liver mitochondria are relatively undeveloped with respect to a capacity for aerobic ATP synthesis. They also lack the ability to perform certain reactions compartmentalized in the matrix that are an essential part of metabolic pathways such as gluconeogenesis, ureagenesis, and fatty acid oxidation. The postnatal development of these mitochondrial activities is a prerequisite for independent metabolism in the neonate. Morphologically, compared to postnatal mitochondria, prenatal mitochondria are: larger; more variable in shape; have fewer cristae; are fewer in number per cell; and have a higher equilibrium density. Shortly after birth the mitochondria begin to proliferate. Details of all these enzymatic, functional and morphological aspects of mitochondrial development in the perinatal period were reviewed recently (1). This paper will focus on some interesting regulatory events that occur immediately after birth.
Defining the Deal Timeline: Balancing Legal, HR, IT, and Finance

The key to maximizing deal value is identifying an optimal deal timeline that is both aggressive and achievable. Faster time to close can typically result in a higher deal value while reducing costs at the same time.
Science and Mathematics: 1970s-A Decade of Change.

Just why do we continue to teach mathematics to all youngsters from kindergarten through grade nine? There are those who question this value, and if we are to continue on this assumption, we had better be able to say just why. One valid reason is that all members of society need to know how to find answers to questions through an inquiry approach, much as a scientist seeks answers to questions. Also, all members of society need to know what science is all about, how scientific evidence is collected and evaluated, and how the advancement of science affects our lives now and how it will affect our future. And
AN INTERACTIVE GAME APPROACH TO LEARNING IN HISTORICAL GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY

An interactive game used in conjunction with traditional laboratory work, group discussions, student presentations, and writing exercises, provides an enjoyable and motivating dimension to a university seminar/lab course in Historical Geology and Paleontology. A simple spelling-bee-type game evolves over ten weeks into a room-sized board game based on the geological time scale. The game helps students learn fossil morphology, identification, classification, and paleoecology while illustrating the occurrences of important fossil groups, sea level fluctuations, and orogenic events through time. It also serves as an effective means for evaluating student progress in the laboratory. Although the game content is designed for geology majors in a university setting, the time scale game board can easily be adapted to a secondary school environment.
Radiopharmacology in Nuclear Medicine

Radiopharmacology is a new field of interest and offers a wide scope for further research and investigation into the design and use of radiopharmaceuticals. Radiopharmacology deals with the physiopathologic handling of radiopharmaceuticals in the living system. The study of the distribution and the mechanism of localization of a radiopharmaceutical in different organs is the essence of radiopharmacology. Knowledge of radiopharmacology provides more information and accuracy in the diagnosis of human diseases.
The role of the school social worker.

School social work is a specialized area of practice within the broad field of the social work profession. School social workers bring unique knowledge and skills to the school system and the student services team. School social workers are instrumental in furthering the purpose of the schools: to provide a setting for teaching, learning, and for the attainment of competence and confidence. School social workers are hired by school districts to enhance the district’s ability to meet its academic mission, especially where home, school and community collaboration is the key to achieving that mission. (School Social Work Association of America, 2005)
Left Ventricular Relative Wall Thickness in Patients with Aortic Valve Disease

Left ventricular (LV) “relative wall thickness,” expressed as the end-diastolic volume/mass (V/M) or radius/wall thickness (R/Th) ratio, has been shown to provide important diagnostic and prognostic information in patients with heart disease. Measurement of the LV relative wall thickness also provides insight into some of the differences between the various forms of myocardial hypertrophy. The basis for these observations rests in the La Place relation which states that LV wall stress (S) is directly proportional to intracavitary pressure (P) and chamber radius (R), and inversely proportional to wall thickness (Th): S = PxR/Th. Because normal myocardial growth proceeds in a fashion so as to maintain normal systolic wall stress, a constant relation between systolic pressure and the ratio of chamber radius to wall thickness (R/Th) is maintained in the normal growing child [1]. This constant relation between pressure and the R/Th ratio is also maintained in trained athletes, in normal pregnant subjects (both of which may have increased LV chamber size), and in many patients with compensated valvular heart disease. When sufficient hypertrophy does not develop in response to a hemodynamic load, and normal systolic wall stress is not maintained, the R/Th ratio is generally increased. As will be seen, measurement of the end-diastolic R/Th ratio provides information which can be extremely useful in the analysis of a broad variety of cardiac disorders. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the diagnostic and prognostic importance of the LV relative wall thickness with emphasis on patients with aortic valve disease.
Begeleide intervisie: leren samenwerken in de nascholing

Leren over samenwerking gaat niet alleen over communicatievaardigheden maar vooral ook over jezelf. Begeleide intervisie gaat over bewustwording van dat ‘zelf’: Hoe verhoud ik mij als persoon en professional tot de eisen die mijn vak en de maatschappij aan mij stellen? Wat zijn mijn sterke en minder sterke punten in samenwerking? Het doel van begeleide intervisie is niet alleen deze bewustwording, maar vooral ook het hanteren van deze gedachten en gevoelens: integratie van denken, voelen en handelen. Keuzes maken en experimenteren met nieuw gedrag, en daar weer op reflecteren.
HSP90 Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy and Overcoming Drug Resistance

Since the initial discovery of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) as a target for anticancer therapy, tremendous progress has been made in developing a multitude of potent first- and second-generation HSP90 inhibitors. Promising activity has been reported with 17-AAG in combination with trastuzumab in HER2 positive breast cancer refractory to trastuzumab therapy and more recently in ALK-mutated lung cancers. However, the full potential of this class of agents is yet to be realized. This review not only provides an up-to-date overview of the clinical development of HSP90 inhibitors and their companion biomarker assays but also provides insight into the less-understood role of HSP90 in tumor evolution and drug resistance. A better understanding of these important concepts will facilitate the optimal and expedient development of this class of agents, ultimately fulfilling their promise as potent anticancer therapeutics and leading to the regulatory approval of the first-in-class HSP90 inhibitor.
The Poisson Cumulative Distribution Function

Let X be a Poisson random variable characterized by the parameter μ. This table contains values of the Poisson cumulative distribution function\(F(x;\mu ) = p(X \le x) = \sum\limits_{y = 0}^x {{{{e^{ -\mu }}{\mu ^y}} \over {{y^!}}}} .\)
Beyond Doer and Done to: Recognition Theory, Intersubjectivity and the Third

In Beyond Doer and Done To, Jessica Benjamin, author of the path-breaking Bonds of Love, expands her theory of mutual recognition and its breakdown into the complementarity of "doer and done to." Her innovative theory charts the growth of the Third in early development through the movement between recognition and breakdown, and shows how it parallels the enactments in the psychoanalytic relationship. Benjamin’s recognition theory illuminates the radical potential of acknowledgment in healing both individual and social trauma, in creating relational repair in the transformational space of thirdness. Benjamin’s unique formulations of intersubjectivity make essential reading for both psychoanalytic therapists and theorists in the humanities and social sciences.
Towards Health Equity: Deaf Adults’ Engagement in Social e-Health Activities and e-Communication with Health Care Providers

Deaf people face significant barriers with accessing health information, health care services, and communication with their health care provider and as a result, show poorer health outcomes compared to the general population. Studies on the general population found that those who use social network sites (SNS) for health-related activities were more likely to communicate with their health care provider via the Internet or email. For deaf individuals who use American Sign Language (ASL), using eHealth platforms to communicate with health care providers has the potential to navigate around communication barriers and create greater opportunity to discuss screening and treatment plans. Using national data from the HINTS-ASL survey, we explored whether engagement in social eHealth activities on SNS is linked to electronic communication with health care providers after controlling for deaf patient characteristics. Our sample for this study consisted of 515 deaf participants who reported using (social media/SNS) to read and share health information. Controlling for sociodemographic variables, participants who engaged in social eHealth activity were threefold more likely to communicate with their healthcare provider electronically. Using eHealth platforms for social health engagement demonstrates potential to reduce health inequality among deaf people.
Effects of a Surgical Receipt Program on the Supply Costs of Five General Surgery Procedures.

BACKGROUND Surgical supplies occupy a large portion of health care expenditures but is often under the surgeon's control. We sought to assess whether an automated, surgeon-directed, cost feedback system can decrease supply expenditures for five common general surgery procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS An automated "surgical receipt" detailing intraoperative supply costs was generated and emailed to surgeons after each case. We compared the median cost per case for 18 mo before and after implementation of the surgical receipt. We controlled for price fluctuations by applying common per-unit prices in both periods. We also compared the incision time, case length booking accuracy, length of stay, and postoperative occurrences. RESULTS Median costs decreased significantly for open inguinal hernia ($433.45 to $385.49, P < 0.001), laparoscopic cholecystectomy ($886.77 to $816.13, P = 0.002), and thyroidectomy ($861.21 to $825.90, P = 0.034). Median costs were unchanged for laparoscopic appendectomy and increased significantly for lumpectomy ($325.67 to $420.53, P < 0.001). There was an increase in incision-to-closure minutes for open inguinal hernia (71 to 75 min, P < 0.001) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (75 to 96 min, P < 0.001), but a decrease in thyroidectomy (79 to 73 min, P < 0.001). There was an increase in booking accuracy for laparoscopic appendectomy (38.6% to 55.0%, P = 0.001) and thyroidectomy (32.5% to 48.1%, P = 0.001). There were no differences in postoperative occurrence rates and length of stay duration. CONCLUSIONS An automated surgeon-directed surgical receipt may be a useful tool to decrease supply costs for certain procedures. However, curtailing surgical supply costs with surgeon-directed cost feedback alone is challenging and a multimodal approach may be necessary.
Abstract WP39: Radiographic Classification of ICA Occlusions Predicts Clinical Fluctuation and Post-Stenting Hemorrhage Risk

Introduction: The optimal treatment strategy for symptomatic extra-cranial internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion remains unknown. A radiographic classification of ICA occlusions has been proposed...
Craniocervical Osteoradionecrosis Treated with Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Hyperbaric Oxygen in Combination with Posterior Spinal Fusion.

Background Radiation therapy for malignant head and neck cancers includes a risk for off-target effects to bony structures, posing a risk for osteoradionecrosis (ORN). Patients in whom ORN develops can also harbor concomitant osteomyelitis and reduced healing capacity, making for a particularly challenging entity to treat. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of mandibular ORN in the otolaryngology literature; yet, few reports exist detailing its utility when treating ORN of the craniocervical junction. Herein, we report 2 cases of ORN of the craniocervical junction who received both neoadjuvant and adjuvant HBO in combination with posterior spinal fusion. Case Description Two patients with craniocervical junction ORN were treated with HBO delivered over 20 sessions before and after surgery in 90-minute treatments to 2.5 atmospheres of pressure. The patients underwent posterior occipital–cervical fusions with an average operative time of 301 (±21.5) minutes with 250 (±150) mL of blood loss. Both patients stayed in the hospital for 5 days, with no periprocedural complications. Outcomes included a 30% improvement of global assessment of function on follow-up EuroQol 5-Dimension Questionnaire. Postoperative imaging demonstrated solid bony fusion, and both patients returned to full work duty. Conclusions ORN is a difficult-to-treat radiation complication in head and neck cancers. Few reports exist detailing treatment options for ORN of the craniocervical junction in conjunction with surgical stabilization. We report 2 successful cases of HBO-assisted treatment of ORN and highlight the important role HBO can play in promoting bony fusion in these at-risk patients.
Activated carbon dispersion as absorber for solar water evaporation: A parametric analysis

Abstract Solar water evaporation has been a topic of interest in recent years due to its applications in desalination, power generation, and heating. As water is not a good absorber of light, seeding it with light-absorbing particles can enhance evaporation efficiency. Activated carbon (AC) is one such material with desirable absorption properties for this application. However, particle sizes in granular and powder activated carbon can vary significantly. In this work, AC particles of different sizes are analyzed and their effect on evaporation rate is studied. It is found that particle sizes less than or comparable to solar wavelength spectrum produce higher evaporation efficiencies under independent scattering conditions ( f v 0.6 % ). It is also found that the solar absorption coefficient reaches between 0.98 and 0.9 for a volume fraction as low as 0.01%. The evaporation efficiency is 57.3% and 38.2% higher than for pure water evaporation for size of 80 nm and 8 μm, respectively, for a volume fraction of 0.01%. A parametric analysis is performed to identify the respective effect on evaporation rate.
CO2 and H2O Electrolysis Using Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell (SOEC) with La and Cl- doped Strontium Titanate Cathode

The average CO2 concentration in atmosphere increased by 25 ppm in the last decade, and during the same period, the average global surface level temperature rose by 0.3 °C. CO2, one of the biggest contributors to climate change, is a greenhouse gas that traps the energy emitted by the earth’s surface, causing an increase in the temperature. Because of the greenhouse effect of CO2, a growing area of research is trying to find ways to minimize CO2 emission and decrease the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Besides reducing the CO2 emission, it is also important to develop technologies to convert CO2 into valuable products. One such product is syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen that can be used as fuel, as well as for synthesis of hydrocarbons through Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Intermediate and high temperature co-electrolysis of CO2 and water using Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell (SOEC) is a promising method to produce syngas from CO2. This work focuses on the use of La0.2Sr0.8TiO3±δClσ as an SOEC cathode for CO2 and H2O co-electrolysis, and its activity compared with conventional SOFC electrode material, Ni/NiO-YSZ. Electrocatalytically, it was found that Ni/NiO-YSZ outperforms La0.2Sr0.8TiO3±δClσ when only CO2 is reduced, however, La0.2Sr0.8TiO3±δClσ shows higher activity for co-electrolysis of CO2 and H2O. Post-reaction temperature-programmed oxidation testing performed on the co-electroylsis cells demonstrated less coking associated with La0.2Sr0.8TiO3±δClσ than Ni/NiO-YSZ, although both materials showed relatively lower levels of coking when H2O was not present. Interactions between the surfaces of these materials and CO2 were characterized using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and Raman spectroscopy. These showed that CO2 interacts more strongly with La0.2Sr0.8TiO3±δClσ than Ni/NiO-YSZ, forming carbonate species on the surface. The electrical conductivity of the materials was also compared, and while Ni/NiO-YSZ showed slightly higher values, the electrical conductivity of La0.2Sr0.8TiO3±δClσ increased more rapidly with temperature and was in the same order of magnitude as that of Ni/NiO-YSZ.
“Homosex, Hermaph, or Trans-a-vest…Hate Fags? The Answer’s Yes”: Hypermasculinity in America and Commodified Homophobia Through the Lens of Hip Hop

Birthed in the Bronx in response to socioeconomic frustration and political invigoration, hip hop equipped youth of color in the U.S. with a dynamic platform to both communication resentment towards structures of systemic oppression and act as an outlet for fun, innovative, and uninhibited creative expression. However, as this cultural revolution transformed from an underground movement to a mainstream commodity, rap music that reflected stereotypes of Black hyper-masculinity and heteronormativity were prioritized, and rappers who embodied these roles and the ideologies paired with them rose to the top of the charts. As a result of the music industry’s prioritization of hyper-masculine, heteronormative rap, a genre with the power to project the voices of marginalized communities of color in America at the same time became an active participant in the marginalizing of another—the LGBT+ community. Yet as rap music is notorious for its attacks on the LGBT+ community, I argue that this homophobia is not contained or exacerbated within hip hop, but rather is a by-product of a homophobic society that, through hyper-masculine and heteronormative norms, nurtures these attitudes within the male-driven genre. Through a textual analysis of rap lyrics, my paper highlights where the homophobic attitudes within hip hop stem from by locating broader societal structures that foster these ideals outside the genre. Taking this step back and looking at the larger issues within American society that nurture this homophobic environment within hip hop allows us to understand and address the phenomenon within the genre more clearly.
How Much Would You Pay to Change a Game before Playing It

Envelope theorems provide a differential framework for determining how much a rational decision maker (DM) is willing to pay to alter the parameters of a strategic scenario. We generalize this framework to the case of a boundedly rational DM and arbitrary solution concepts. We focus on comparing and contrasting the case where DM’s decision to pay to change the parameters is observed by all other players against the case where DM’s decision is private information. We decompose DM’s willingness to pay a given amount into a sum of three factors: (1) the direct effect a parameter change would have on DM’s payoffs in the future strategic scenario, holding strategies of all players constant; (2) the effect due to DM changing its strategy as they react to a change in the game parameters, with the strategies of the other players in that scenario held constant; and (3) the effect there would be due to other players reacting to a the change in the game parameters (could they observe them), with the strategy of DM held constant. We illustrate these results with the quantal response equilibrium and the matching pennies game and discuss how the willingness to pay captures DM’s anticipation of their future irrationality.
An improved training scheme for deep neural network ultrasound beamforming

Deep neural networks have been shown to be effective adaptive beamformers for ultrasound imaging. However, when training with traditional ${\mathcal{L}_p}$ norm loss functions, model selection is difficult because lower loss values are not always associated with higher image quality. This ultimately limits the maximum achievable image quality with this approach and raises concerns about the optimization objective. In an effort to align the optimization objective with the image quality metrics of interest, we implemented a novel ultrasound-specific loss function based on the spatial lag-one coherence and signal-to-noise ratio of the delayed channel data in the short-time Fourier domain. We employed the R-Adam optimizer with look ahead and cyclical learning rate to make the training more robust to initialization and local minima, leading to better model performance and more reliable convergence. With our custom loss function and optimization scheme, we achieved higher contrast-to-noise-ratio, higher speckle signal-to-noise-ratio, and more accurate contrast ratio reconstruction than with previous deep learning and delay-and-sum beamforming approaches.
Profits, prejudice, and plant patents

In 2016, the conviction of a Florida physicist on charges of conspiring to steal trade secrets confirmed that seed theft had also become, at least to those who influence U.S. federal policies and procedures, a national security threat. The scientist, Mo Hailong (also known as Robert Mo), pled guilty to having assisted a Chinese company acquire corn seed lines owned by the transnational seed behemoths Monsanto and DuPont Pioneer. The journalist and former Science correspondent Mara Hvistendahl explores the history of Mo9s strange and, ultimately, sad career as an industrial operative in her third book, The Scientist and the Spy.
Propagation of Malaria Parasites In Vitro

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the critical and concise review of the current status of the in vitro propagation of invertebrate and vertebrate inhabiting stages of malarial parasites. Exflagellation and fertilization can be readily observed in vitro by placing a drop of parasitized blood containing gametocytes onto a microscope slide. The fact that gametogenesis readily takes place in vivo but fertilization does not always result indicates that the ability of gametocytes to exflagellate in vitro is not a good indicator of their maturity. In the mosquito, the ookinete migrates through the gut epithelium into the hemocoel, where it lodges and undergoes differentiation as an oocyst. In vivo, it has been observed that once released from the oocyst, the sporozoites must go through a period of maturation. The in vitro cultivation of gametocytogenesis of any species of malarial parasites has not yet been accomplished. Limited success has been achieved toward the in vitro cultivation of the subsequent stages of sporogony, leading from oocyst differentiation to the formation of mature, infective sporozoites.
Who Should Get “Ineffective”? A Principal’s Ethical Dilemmas on Teacher Evaluation:

School principals play a critical role in evaluating teachers and providing feedback, but high-stakes evaluation policies at the local and state levels can create ethical dilemmas for principals. I...