cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring interpersonal behavior and team sensemaking during health information technology implementation.

Abstract Purpose We examine how interpersonal behavior and social interaction influence team sensemaking and subsequent team actions during a hospital-based health information technology (HIT) implementation project. Design/methodology/approach Over the course of 18 months, we directly observed the interpersonal interactions of HIT implementation teams using a sensemaking lens. Findings We identified three voice-promoting strategies enacted by team leaders that fostered team member voice and sensemaking; communicating a vision; connecting goals to team member values; and seeking team member input. However, infrequent leader expressions of anger quickly undermined team sensemaking, halting dialog essential to problem solving. By seeking team member opinions, team leaders overcame the negative effects of anger. Practical implications Leaders must enact voice-promoting behaviors and use them throughout a team’s engagement. Further, training teams in how to use conflict to achieve greater innovation may improve sensemaking essential to project risk mitigation. Social implications Health care work processes are complex; teams involved in implementing improvements must be prepared to deal with conflicting, contentious issues, which will arise during change. Therefore, team conflict training may be essential to sustaining sensemaking. Research implications Future research should seek to identify team interactions that foster sensemaking, especially when topics are difficult or unwelcome, then determine the association between staff sensemaking and the impact on HIT implementation outcomes. Value/originality We are among the first to focus on project teams tasked with HIT implementation. This research extends our understanding of how leaders’ behaviors might facilitate or impeded speaking up among project teams in health care settings.
The isomerase PIN1 controls numerous cancer-driving pathways and is a unique drug target.

This Review discusses PIN1-catalysed prolyl isomerization as a common signalling mechanism to regulate the balance of oncogenes and tumour suppressors. PIN1 inhibitors may be able to restore the balance in cancer cells and cancer stem cells to treat aggressive and drug-resistant tumours.
Lower respiratory tract disease

Lower respiratory tract disease is an important source of poor performance and exercise intolerance in racehorses and middle-aged sport horses. Horses that perform high-intensity exercise are predisposed to development of infectious and noninfectious respiratory disease. Diagnostic aids for investigation of lower respiratory tract disease include thorough thoracic auscultation with rebreathing, endoscopic examination, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and thoracic radiographic examination. The therapeutic approach for horses with lower respiratory tract diseases often can be directed by cytologic evaluation of BAL fluid. Conservative management techniques may reduce the risk or severity of respiratory disease in horses performing high-intensity exercise.
Tracking the origins and diet of an endemic island canid (Urocyon littoralis) across 7300 years of human cultural and environmental change

Abstract Understanding how human activities have influenced the foraging ecology of wildlife is important as our planet faces ongoing and impending habitat and climatic change. We review the canine surrogacy approach (CSA)—a tool for comparing human, dog, and other canid diets in the past—and apply CSA to investigate possible ancient human resource provisioning in an endangered canid, the California Channel Islands fox (Urocyon littoralis). We conducted stable isotope analysis of bone collagen samples from ancient and modern island foxes (n = 214) and mainland gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus, n = 24). We compare these data to isotope values of ancient humans and dogs, and synthesize 29 Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates that fine-tune the chronology of island foxes. AMS dates confirm that island foxes likely arrived during the early Holocene (>7300 cal BP) on the northern islands in the archipelago and during the middle Holocene (>5500 cal BP) on the southern islands. We found no evidence that island foxes were consistently using anthropogenic resources (e.g., food obtained by scavenging around human habitation sites or direct provisioning by Native Americans), except for a few individuals on San Nicolas Island and possibly on San Clemente and Santa Rosa islands. Decreases in U. littoralis carbon and nitrogen isotope values between prehistoric times and the 19th century on San Nicolas Island suggest that changes in human land use from Native American hunter-gatherer occupations to historical ranching had a strong influence on fox diet. Island foxes exhibit considerable dietary variation through time and between islands and have adapted to a wide variety of climatic and cultural changes over the last 7300 years. This generalist foraging strategy suggests that endemic island foxes may be resilient to future changes in resource availability.
Enhancing the Impact of Remittances on Development: New Evidence from Experiments among Migrants from El Salvador

Remittances bring substantial benefits to recipient households in the form of higher consumption levels and lower poverty rates. They are used to increase investments in human capital and small enterprises, and their countercyclical response to shocks in migrant home countries helps households achieve smoother levels of consumption over time. Much of the evidence for these statements is correlational rather than causal, but a growing body of research that exploits natural experiments (in which remittances vary exogenously because of some external shock) has found that remittances do have a positive causal impact on many indicators of household well-being.
A Conceptual Choice Model for Hospital Services

Community hospitals are facing a crisis of major proportions due to declining utilization rates, larger numbers of the poor and uninsured, increased competition from regional hospitals and low Medicare reimbursement rates. These complex circumstances have heightened the awareness level of all participants in the health care industry. The crisis experienced by these hospitals may in part, be the result of a unique consumer shopping activity referred to as outshopping for hospital care. Drawing from retailing and hospital choice studies, this article develops and presents a deductive model depicting the types of factors/variables influencing outshopping for hospital services which may be useful in the development of strategic marketing programs aimed at lessening the negative impact of outshopping behavior on community hospitals.
Binding of dl-[3H]Epinephrine to Proteins of Rat Ventricular Muscle: Nonidentity with Beta Adrenergic Receptors

The binding of dl-[3H]epinephrine to proteins in a supernatant fraction obtained from rat ventricular muscle has been studied and compared with the properties which would be expected of beta adrenergic receptors studied in vitro. The binding to heart proteins took place over a time scale of hours and was correlated with the time course of destruction of epinephrine as determined by alumina chromatography. The binding of dl-[3H]epinephrine was markedly temperature-dependent. The rate of binding was enhanced if tissues were stored at -22°, homogenates were stored at 4° or -22°, or homogenates were heated to 95°. Binding was not reversed by excess propranolol, nonradioactive epinephrine, or strong acid. Binding activity was distributed uniformly with the distribution of protein on differential centrifugation, while adenylate cyclase activity was associated with rapidly sedimenting membrane fragments. The stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity by l-epinephrine was prevented by dl-propranolol but was not affected by d-epinephrine or catechol. The binding reaction was blocked, on the other hand, by both the d and l stereoisomers of norepinephrine and epinephrine, by ascorbic acid, and by catechol. It was not affected by propranolol and was only slightly reduced by non-catechol inhibitors of catechol O-methyltransferase. Binding that appeared to be quantitatively similar to that seen with heart supernatant proteins was observed when bovine serum albumin was incubated with [3H]epinephrine. The results suggest that the binding of catecholamines to proteins is a nonspecific interaction which is dependent upon the oxidative destruction of the amines. The binding does not appear to reflect interaction with beta adrenergic receptors or with any other specifiable constituent of cardiac tissue.
Rumination, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide Attempts: A Meta-Analytic Review:

Rumination has been implicated as a risk factor for suicidal ideation and attempts, yet the literature to date has not been synthesized. We conducted a meta-analysis of the association between rumi...
Attitude Change and the Schizophrenic

This study compares schizophrenic with normal Ss on the factor of susceptibility to attitude change by means of both unanimous and near-unanimous social influence. The Ethnocentrism Scale was administered under private conditions four weeks before the group influence situation and again two weeks after the group influence. The items of the same scale were used in the group situation; confederates used previously-prepared responses to the statements of the scale. Results showed schizophrenic Ss to be significantly less susceptible to attitude change by means of group pressure than normal Ss. In addition, where change did occur, there was a tendency for the schizophrenic S to revert back to his privately held position while changes made by normal Ss persisted over the two-week period.
Flow induced adherens junction remodeling driven by cytoskeletal forces.

Abstract Adherens junctions (AJs) are a key structural component for tissue organization and function. Under fluid shear stress, AJs exhibit dynamic assembly/disassembly, but how shear stress couples to AJs is unclear. In MDCK cells we measured simultaneously the forces in cytoskeletal α-actinin and the density and length of AJs using a genetically coded optical force sensor, actinin-sstFRET, and fluorescently labeled E-cadherin (E-cad). We found that shear stress of 0.74 dyn/cm2 for 3 h significantly enhanced E-cad expression at cell-cell contacts and this phenomenon has two phases. The initial formation of segregated AJ plaques coincided with a decrease in cytoskeletal tension, but an increase in tension was necessary for expansion of the plaques and the formation of continuous AJs in the later phase. The changes in cytoskeletal tension and reorganization appear to be an upstream process in response to flow since it occurred in both wild type and dominant negative E-cad cells. Disruption of F-actin with a Rho-ROCK inhibitor eliminated AJ growth under flow. These results delineate the shear stress transduction paths in cultured cells, which helps to understand pathology of a range of diseases that involve dysfunction of E-cadherin.
Lung Cancer Messages on Twitter: Content Analysis and Evaluation

Abstract Purpose The aim of this project was to describe and evaluate the levels of lung cancer communication across the cancer prevention and control continuum for content posted to Twitter during a 10-day period (September 30 to October 9) in 2016. Methods Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to identify relationships between tweet characteristics in lung cancer communication on Twitter and user-level data. Overall, 3,000 tweets published between September 30 and October 9 were assessed by a team of three coders. Lung cancer–specific tweets by user type (individuals, media, and organizations) were examined to identify content and structural message features. The study also assessed differences by user type in the use of hashtags, directed messages, health topic focus, and lung cancer–specific focus across the cancer control continuum. Results Across the universe of lung cancer tweets, the majority of tweets focused on treatment and the use of pharmaceutical and research interventions, followed by awareness and prevention and risk topics. Among all lung cancer tweets, messages were most consistently tweeted by individual users, and personal behavioral mobilizing cues to action were rare. Conclusions Lung cancer advocates, as well as patient and medical advocacy organizations, with an interest in expanding the reach and effectiveness of social media efforts should monitor the topical nature of public tweets across the cancer continuum and consider integrating cues to action as a strategy to increase engagement and behavioral activation pertaining to lung cancer reduction efforts.
Communication Accommodation in Text Messages: Exploring Liking, Power, and Sex as Predictors of Textisms

This mixed-methods study applies Communication Accommodation Theory to explore how liking, power, and sex predict one's likelihood for using textisms in digital interpersonal interactions. Textisms are digital cues that convey nonverbal meaning and emotion in text communication. The main experiment used a hypothetical texting scenario to manipulate textism amounts (none/many) and participant's perceived power levels (low/equal/high) during texting interactions to examine the number of textisms participants used in subsequent responses in comparison to the number of textisms they viewed. Primary results show that (1) participants moderately converged to use similar amounts of textisms, and (2) those with low power who viewed many textisms were more likely to use textisms themselves during subsequent responses. Through the examination of adaption behaviors in text messaging, scholars can better understand the contexts in which users will include textisms to intentionally convey nonverbal meaning and emotion in digital communication.
Bleeding Edge Technology: Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage and Its Implications for Transradial Access.

Retroperitoneal hemorrhage (RPH) is the most dreaded form of access site bleeding that can complicate percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). It is associated with high in-hospital mortality (as high as 12%), high transfusion requirements, and prolongation of hospital stay.1–4 Early recognition of RPH is confounded by the fact that the symptoms are vague and nonspecific, often consisting of lower abdominal, groin, and back pain,3 which are common among patients who are supine on the procedure table, and recognition is often delayed until the patient is significantly volume depleted and often hypotensive. In 1 series, 58% of RPHs were observed >90 minutes after completion of the PCI procedure, and 27% were observed >3 hours later.3 Although not all RPHs are consequences of access site puncture, and may occasionally be the response of friable and diseased vessels to an anticoagulation regimen, the vast majority are mechanical in origin. Most occur as a result of femoral artery or external iliac puncture at or above the border of the inferior epigastric artery or above the femoral head.5 Precise localization of the puncture is particularly concerning as in 1 study, even among experienced operators, >10% of femoral punctures involved a vessel other than the common femoral artery.6 See Article by Kwok et al Thankfully, RPH is uncommon, and its frequency has been decreasing. In a report published in 2008, Doyle et al1 reported on major vascular access bleeding among 17 901 patients undergoing PCI between 1994 and 2005. During this time, the frequency of RPH fell from 0.8% to 0.3%. The investigators attributed this change to smaller sheath size, reduced intensity and duration …
Calibrated radar cross section measurements of various helicopter landing zone hazards at 94 GHz

This paper presents calibrated radar cross section (RCS) data of various objects considered to be a hazard for a landing helicopter and a technique for extracting these values from inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imagery. Data was collected at an outdoor facility using a fully polarimetric, 94-GHz radar mounted on an elevator that was positioned on a 125-foot tower to collect data at various depression angles. Targets were placed on a 22-foot diameter turntable and rotated a full 360 degrees to form ISAR imagery at all aspect angles. The technique being described was formulated to enable the extraction of objects of interest from the imagery. In order to calculate accurate RCS data of each object on the turntable, an area within the ISAR image was assigned to each object for every image formed during a full rotation. This area was tracked as it traveled 360 degrees enabling the generation of polar plots of RCS. This was done at multiple depression angles to capture the linear co- and cross-polarized signatures. The measured objects include a large metal cube, a chain link fence and a 1.5-in. diameter wound-metal cable.
The Cubic, the Quartic, and the Exceptional Group G2

We study an example first addressed in a 1949 paper of J. A. Todd, in which the author obtains a complete system of generators for the covariants in the polynomial functions on the eight-dimensional space of the double binary form of degree (3,1), under the action of SL2 ×SL2. We reconsider Todd’s result by examining the complexified Cartan complement corresponding to the maximal compact subgroup of simply connected split G 2. A result of this analysis involves a connection with the branching rule from the rank two complex symplectic Lie algebra to a principally embedded \(\mathfrak{s}\mathfrak{l}_{2}\)-subalgebra. Special cases of this branching rule are related to covariants for cubic and quartic binary forms.
The Pathways of Multinational Intellectual Property Dispute Settlement

Multinational intellectual property dispute settlement is fraught with challenges. While most right holders have relied on domestic litigation in countries in which they invest or conduct business – or host states in investment lingo – the arrival of new international trade, investment and intellectual property agreements have provided alternative mechanisms for settling these disputes. To deepen our understanding of the different pathways of multinational intellectual property dispute settlement, this chapter assesses three distinct mechanisms: (1) domestic litigation in host states; (2) state-to-state dispute settlement (SSDS); and (3) investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS). This chapter begins by identifying the various challenges multinational intellectual property right holders encounter when they seek to resolve foreign disputes. It then highlights the improvements provided by international intellectual property agreements and the agreements’ mixed success in alleviating the right holders’ challenges. The chapter further reviews the strengths and limitations of SSDS and ISDS, discussing each dispute settlement mechanism in turn. It concludes with three observations, aiming to improve multinational intellectual property dispute settlement.
Medical Management: How Do I Optimize My Treatment Regimen for Uncomplicated Diverticulitis? Am I Ready to Ditch Antibiotics?

Diverticulitis is a common condition encountered in the emergency department and outpatient setting and has classically been treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, in addition to supportive care measures. Recent literature has led to a paradigm shift in the mainstay of treatment for uncomplicated diverticulitis. In fact, the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) and several European nations have begun to recognize that antibiotics may not be necessary for successful management of uncomplicated diverticulitis in specific patient populations.
A logarithmic mean and intersections of osculating hyperplanes in R^n

We discuss a special case of the means defined in [1]. Let C be the curve in R with vector equation α(t) = ht, t log t, ..., t( log t)n−1i. Let 0 < a1 < · · · < an and let Ok be the osculating hyperplane to C at ak. Then we show that O1, ..., On have a unique point of intersection, P = (i1, ..., in) ∈ R, and in particular, i1 equals the meanM(a1, ..., an) = (n− 1)! n j=1 aj n i=1 i6=j (ln aj−ln ai) = the logarithmic mean of Neuman.
Re-embedding Liberalism: Introducing Passporting Fees for Free Trade

Trade liberalization has proceeded on the assumption that eventual aggregate welfare gains will exceed the losses. While compensatory mechanisms exist in most countries, they tend to be underfunded and ineffective. To begin to address this problem, the direct beneficiaries from trade liberalization need to pay more than they do now. This essay proposes to introduce “passporting fees” to generate more public revenue. Transnational business actors would be required to obtain a “free trade passport” to receive the excludable benefits that a free trade agreement provides. This would change the political economy of trade radically and allow for the creation and expansion of compensatory mechanisms necessary to re-embed economic liberalism in systems of social protection.
The Introduction of Normal and Mutant Globin Genes into Mammalian Cells Using SV40 Vectors

ABSTRACT We have constructed SV40 recombinants carrying chromosomal mouse globin genes. The mouse genes are transcribed, processed, and translated in infected monkey kidney cells. Such viruses are useful tools for studying the expression of normal and mutant hemoglobin genes.
Examining Community College Students’ Progression Through the English as a Second Language Sequence:

Objective: Although immigrant students placed in English as a Second Language (ESL) sequence at community colleges are a growing student population, there is a dearth of research focused on these s...
Length of Resuscitation for Severely Depressed Newborns

Objective Current guidelines for neonatal resuscitation suggest it may be reasonable to stop resuscitation after 10 minutes in infants born with no detectable heartbeat. This study describes the length of resuscitation provided in a cohort of profoundly compromised newborn infants. Study Design Chart review of a regional hospital system database of newborn infants from 2010 to 2017 with a documented 10-minute Apgar score of 0 or 1. Results From a total birth population of 49,876 infants, 172 newborns were identified. Of these, 133 infants did not receive resuscitation and died while receiving comfort care. In the 39 resuscitated infants, 15 (38%) achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) at an average of 20 minutes; 32 of these 39 newborns (82%) died within 24 hours. Average time to ROSC for survivors was 17.8 minutes. Death or severe neurologic disability at 15 to 24 months of age was present in 92% (36/39) of resuscitated infants. Conclusion Prolonged resuscitation of newborns is rare. In this cohort, 92% died or had severe neurodevelopmental disability. Infants with ROSC received 20 minutes of resuscitation. Infants with ROSC typically did not survive beyond 24 hours unless they survived to discharge. To increase the number of infants with ROSC, continuing resuscitation beyond 10 minutes may be reasonable.
Neuropeptide VF neurons promote sleep via the serotonergic raphe

Although several sleep-regulating neuronal populations have been identified, little is known about how they interact with each other to control sleep/wake states. We previously identified neuropeptide VF (NPVF) and the hypothalamic neurons that produce it as a sleep-promoting system (Lee et al., 2017). Here we show using zebrafish that npvf-expressing neurons control sleep via the serotonergic raphe nuclei (RN), a hindbrain structure that is critical for sleep in both diurnal zebrafish and nocturnal mice. Using genetic labeling and calcium imaging, we show that npvf-expressing neurons innervate and can activate serotonergic RN neurons. We also demonstrate that chemogenetic or optogenetic stimulation of npvf-expressing neurons induces sleep in a manner that requires NPVF and serotonin in the RN. Finally, we provide genetic evidence that NPVF acts upstream of serotonin in the RN to maintain normal sleep levels. These findings reveal a novel hypothalamic-hindbrain neuronal circuit for sleep/wake control.
Common Ownership and Innovation Efficiency

How does common ownership affect innovation? We study this question using project-level data on pharmaceutical startups and their venture capital (VC) investors. We find that common ownership leads VCs to shut down lagging drug projects, withhold funding from lagging startups, and redirect those startups' innovation. These results support theories dating back to Loury (1979): By coordinating R&D efforts across competing firms, a common owner can reduce duplication of R&D. Consistent with common ownership improving innovation efficiency, common ownership rates are positively correlated with the ratio of R&D output to funding. Though we highlight gains in innovation efficiency, common VC ownership can also impose social costs.
Cell Intrinsic and Systemic Metabolism in Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has shown extraordinary promise at treating cancers otherwise resistant to treatment. However, for ICI therapy to be effective, it must overcome the metabolic limitations of the tumor microenvironment. Tumor metabolism has long been understood to be highly dysregulated, with potent immunosuppressive effects. Moreover, T cell activation and longevity within the tumor microenvironment are intimately tied to T cell metabolism and are required for the long-term efficacy of ICI therapy. We discuss in this review the intersection of metabolic competition in the tumor microenvironment, T cell activation and metabolism, the roles of tumor cell metabolism in immune evasion, and the impact of host metabolism in determining immune surveillance and ICI therapy outcomes. We also discussed the effects of obesity and calorie restriction—two important systemic metabolic perturbations that impact intrinsic metabolic pathways in T cells as well as cancer cells.
E-186 The woven endobridge device for ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Compared to stent-assisted coiling the Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device offers the advantage of treatment of wide-necked aneurysms without antiplatelet medications. However, the safety and efficacy of WEB is yet to be fully defined in the setting of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), given concerns regarding the delayed nature of aneurysm thrombosis. Methods The search protocol was developed a priori according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search using the OVID Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to February 2020 was performed using relevant key words to identify cases of aSAH that were treated with WEB. The primary outcome measure was radiographic complete occlusion rates. Secondary outcomes included rebleeding and complications rates. All pooled event rates were calculated using random effect model. Results Six articles, all of which were observational case series, representing 261 ruptured aneurysms were included for analysis (average follow up time was 4 months). Most of these aneurysms were in the anterior circulation (>60%). The likelihood of a complete radiographic occlusion following WEB for ruptured aneurysms was 66.6% (95% CI 47–74%). Rebleeding rates were 2.8% (95% CI 1–6%). The pooled event rate for complications (procedural aneurysm rupture, thromboembolic, and device protrusion in the parent artery) across five studies was 17.9% (95% CI 9–32%). Overall retreatment rates were 10% (95% CI 4–22%) and the need for early or delayed stent placement was 5% (95% CI 1–12%). There was no significant heterogeneity between studies in rebleeding and stent placement outcomes (I2 Conclusion The WEB device in aSAH appears to provide similar protection against rebleeding and retreatment rates that are comparable to traditional approaches; however, there is a higher rate of incomplete radiographic occlusion and operative complications. Long-term prospective studies are needed to fully delineate the role of WEB embolization in aSAH. Disclosures N. Alotaibi: None. P. Harker: None. F. Robertson: None. J. Vranic: None. M. Koch: None. C. Stapleton: None. T. Leslie-Mazwi: None. A. Patel: None.
How mainstream and alternative media shape public attitudes toward social change: Evidence from two panel studies during Malaysia’s democratic transition:

Mainstream and alternative media often frame key political events in divergent ways. The present research examined how mainstream and alternative media consumption was linked to public support for ...
Feasibility study about finite element simulation of the dental periodontal ligament in vivo

Objective The finite element method(FEM)is gaining an increasing impact in dental biomechanics.This work introduces two FEM case studies focusing on the periodontal ligament(PDL).This knowledge is highly desirable, especially considering movement of teeth to their correct position by e.g.braces.The entire simulation chain covers multimodal 3D image processing,highly detailed segmentation of the dental structures,automatic mesh generation, implementation of typical orthodontic load cases,and finally the numerical computation.Methods The first model was generated by means of resampling standard computed tomography(CT)data of a human premolar whereas the 2~(nd)model was based on cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)data of a human incisor as a new imaging modality with resolution of 0.125 mm in x,y,and z-direction.After segmentation,FEM meshes were generated with focus on preserving volume and topology of the PDLo Both models were tested by intruding the tooth with a continuous load of 0.5 N.Results In spite of artefacts in the CBCT data,both FEM-omodels were suitable for FEM simulation.Increased hydrostatic pressure was observed at the apical part of the PDL of the incisor as well as of the premolar.Conclusion Both modelling strategies produced feasible FEM models.Volume and topology preserving meshing algorithms were used for generation of these models,Intrusion of an incisor leads to increased hydrostatic pressure near the apex and on some locations at the medium level between gingiva and apex.
Postmenopausal hypertension

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women and claims the lives of more than half a million women every year. Hypertension is one of the most prevalent and powerful contributors to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Hypertension affects more men than women until 55 years of age, but after age 55, the percentage of women is higher. Estrogen deficiency has been linked to the rapid increase in cardiovascular disease in women who have undergone natural or surgical menopause. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been shown to decrease the incidence of cardiovascular disease and, in some studies, to reduce blood pressure in postmenopausal women. However, little information is available on the effects of HRT on blood pressure in hypertensive postmenopausal patients. The cardioprotective effects of estrogens are not completely understood but may involve direct effects on blood vessels through modulation of endogenous vasoconstrictors and vasodilators and through reductions in serum lipoprotein and cholesterol levels. Experimental evidence suggests that estrogen increases the biological actions of nitric oxide and decreases the actions of angiotensin. After menopause, loss of the vascular protective effects of estrogens may unmask a population of women particularly prone to hypertension who would be at higher risk for cardiovascular disease.
The media of new geography and the Franck-Conger World Letters, Inc. expedition of 1933–1934

The 1920s and early 1930s witnessed a rising interest in “new geography”, which sought to instill in students a sympathetic worldview and a desire for peace. Because textbooks were viewed as unable to keep pace with a rapidly changing world, schools considered various media as supplements. World Letters, Inc. was a unique corporation founded in 1932 to sponsor travel writers bringing the world via letters to students and others who could not afford to travel abroad. This paper reviews the World Letters program—how it was conceived, publicized, and enrolled subscribers, students as well as adults. The 1933–34 expedition, with Harry Franck as the travel writer and Beach Conger as his assistant and later the travel writer himself, is discussed. That world journey started in New York City and wound its way through Europe, North Africa, and southern Asia, ending in Singapore. Radio and newspapers were the main mass media that assisted salesmen in persuading prospects to enroll in the program. Mass-produced lithographed letters were the medium employed to communicate with enrollees. The World Letters program, after a rocky beginning in 1933, went on to become popular in the classrooms until its demise in 1941 due to the spreading conflict associated with World War II; during that time World Letters, Inc. succeeded in reigniting an interest in world geography in the American classroom.
Data Management in the Cloud: Limitations and Opportunities.

Recently the cloud computing paradigm has been receiving significant excitement and attention in the media and blogosphere. To some, cloud computing seems to be little more than a marketing umbrella, encompassing topics such as distributed computing, grid computing, utility computing, and softwareas-a-service, that have already received significant research focus and commercial implementation. Nonetheless, there exist an increasing number of large companies that are offering cloud computing infrastructure products and services that do not entirely resemble the visions of these individual compo-
Applying Corporate Citizenship Theory to the Operation of Affirmative Businesses

To address the need for more employment opportunities for individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID), many vocational rehabilitation agencies have established social ventures called affirmative businesses. Unlike most traditional vocational rehabilitation programs, affirmative businesses compete directly with for-profit businesses producing similar goods or services. Given that nonprofit agencies operating these businesses are supported by taxpayer dollars and private donations, there is increased scrutiny and expectations for legal and ethical behavior and practices. An earlier study of 15 affirmative businesses identified themes and management strategies that contributed to business viability or failure. A reexamination of the findings through the lens of corporate citizenship theory (being economically responsible, abiding by the law, engaging in ethical and moral management, and ensuring the philanthropy of businesses) found that affirmative businesses adhering to the theory's components succeeded, while those that did not failed. The two case studies presented here demonstrate that knowledge transfer of the theory's components from the for-profit business sector to the nonprofit sector is possible and suggest this innovative business approach as a framework to attain sustainable viability within affirmative businesses. The viability of these ventures is especially important for those who live in areas where few competitive employment jobs are available or for those with the most severe ID who require higher levels of job support and job stability. Through an in-depth examination of the theory's components, we suggest options for improving the likelihood that affirmative businesses will achieve viability and provide community-based employment for individuals with ID.
Identification, Mapping, and In Vitro Translation of Campoletis sonorensis Virus mRNAs from Parasitized Heliothis virescens Larvae

Expression of Campoletis sonorensis virus (CsV) in parasitized Heliothis virescens larvae was investigated by Northern blot analysis of poly(A)(+) mRNAs isolated from H. virescens larvae at various times after parasitization by C. sonorensis. At least 12 CsV mRNAs were detected in parasitized H. virescens larvae. Injection of nonparasitized H. virescens larvae with purified CsV resulted in a pattern of viral mRNAs similar to that observed in naturally parasitized larvae. With CsV DNA restriction fragments which contained expressed sequences, individual CsV mRNAs were mapped to the superhelical DNAs of the viral genome. Two gene-specific probes, which consisted of cloned S1 nuclease-protected restriction fragments, each hybridized to several CsV superhelical DNAs, suggesting that some CsV genes may be shared on several superhelical DNAs. Cloned restriction fragments containing sequences which flank the expressed sequences also hybridized to numerous CsV superhelical DNAs. Some CsV proteins were identified by in vitro translation of hybrid-selected CsV mRNAs.
Isolation and Characterization of a Mutant of Escherichia coli Blocked in the Synthesis of Putrescine

A mutant of Escherichia coli is described which is defective in the conversion of arginine to putrescine. The activity of the enzyme agmatine ureohydrolase is greatly reduced, whereas the activity of the other two enzymes of the pathway, the constitutive arginine decarboxylase and the inducible arginine decarboxylase, are within the normal range. The growth behavior of the mutant reflects the enzymatic block. It grows well in the absence of arginine, but only poorly in the presence of arginine. Under the former conditions, putrescine can be formed from ornithine as well as arginine, whereas under the latter conditions, because of feedback control, it can be formed only from arginine.
Low-complexity receiver for OFDM in doubly-selective channels

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems may experience significant intercarrier interference (ICI) when used in time- and frequency-selective, or doubly-selective, channels. In such cases, the classical symbol estimation schemes, e.g., minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) and zero-forcing (ZF) estimation, require matrix inversion that is prohibitively complex for large symbol lengths. An analysis of the ICI generation mechanism leads us to propose a novel two-stage equalizer whose complexity (apart from the FFT) is linear in the OFDM symbol length. The first stage applies optimal linear preprocessing to restrict ICI support and the second stage uses iterative MMSE estimation to estimate finite-alphabet frequency-domain symbols. Simulation results indicate that our equalizer has significant performance and complexity advantages over the classical linear MMSE estimator in doubly-selective channels.
The Poetics of Ambiguity in Tamil Society

Margaret Trawick. Notes on Love in. Tamil Family. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. xix. 299 pp. $45.00 (cloth). Honorable Mention, Victor Turner Award for Ethnography, 1992.
Use of Nursing Models in Pediatric Nursing Research: A Decade of Review

Systematic analysis of published nursing research is not new, but the incorporation of theory into research has not been separately evaluated, and pediatric nursing research has not been evaluated in its entirety for nearly two decades. A review of the use of nursing models in 302 pediatric nursing research articles published between 1980 and 1989 was conducted. Criteria developed by Silva (1986) to examine the theoretical basis of nursing practice research were used for this analysis. Nursing models were used as the theoretical framework in 17 investigations. According to Silva's criteria, the use of nursing models in these studies could be classified as follows: 6 minimal, 8 insufficient, and 3 adequate. This analysis produced results similar to those of previous analyses, finding that scant numbers of studies actually test nursing theory.
Amiodarone for control of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmia: Clinical and electrophysiologic effects in 51 patients

We evaluated the electrophysiologic effects of amiodarone and its ability to control ventricular arrhythmia in a selected group of 51 patients with refractory sustained ventricular arrhythmia. Amiodarone in doses of 400 to 800 mg/day prolonged refractoriness in the atria, atrioventricular (AV) node, and ventricle as well as conduction through the AV node and His-Purkinje system. Although it had no effect on measurements of sinus nodal function (sinus nodal recovery time and sinoatrial conduction time), it prolonged the sinus cycle length and 2 patients required a permanent pacemaker for symptomatic sinus bradycardia. Amiodarone did not alter the ease of inducibility in any consistent manner, and only 5 of 43 patients (12%) who had inducible ventricular tachycardia before amiodarone therapy had none induced during amiodarone treatment. The clinical effectiveness of amiodarone could be evaluated in 46 patients followed up for 8.6 +/- 6 months (range 0.5 to 22). It provided effective therapy in 23 patients (50%), partly effective therapy in 13 (28%), and was ineffective in 10 (22%). Adverse effects were noted in 28 of 51 patients (55%), and in 11 of these (22%) the drug had to be discontinued because of adverse effects. We conclude that amiodarone is a useful agent for the treatment of refractory sustained ventricular arrhythmia. Its use should be reserved for patients with life-threatening sustained arrhythmia because of the significant incidence of adverse effects. Furthermore, good clinical response can be observed in patients receiving amiodarone in spite of continued inducibility.
Prediction of trapping rates in mixtures of partially absorbing spheres

The combined effects of diffusion and reaction in heterogeneous media govern the behavior of a wide variety of physical and biological phenomena, including the consumption of nutrients by cells and the study of magnetic relaxation in tissues. We have considered the so-called “trapping problem,” in which diffusion takes place exterior to a collection of fixed traps while reaction occurs at their surface. A simulation technique for predicting the overall trapping rate for systems of partially absorbing spherical traps based on the first-passage spheres method is presented. Using data obtained by applying this simulation technique, we then consider the problem of mixtures of partially absorbing traps. By hypothesizing a method for reducing a general mixture of traps to a mixture of perfect absorbers and perfect reflectors (i.e., reducing the dimensionality of the space of variables), we are able to accurately predict the effective surface rate constant and the trapping rate for an arbitrary mixture of partially absorbing traps. Remarkably, we find that a single, nearly universal curve allows accurate predictions to be made over a wide range of trap volume fractions and even for different trap distributions.
Effectiveness of the HomeSafe Pilot Program in reducing injury rates among residential construction workers, 1994-1998

Background The construction industry typically has one of the highest fatal and non-fatal injury rates compared with other industries. Residential construction workers are at particular risk of injury (work is in remote sites with small crews, there are often many subcontractors, and they have limited access to safety programs). Difficulty accessing information specific to this group has made research more challenging, therefore, there are few studies. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the HomeSafe Pilot Program, a safety education and training program designed to reduce injuries among residential construction workers. Methods Researchers evaluated whether overall and severe injury incidence rates declined during the intervention period. Data were analyzed using incidence rates and Poisson regression to control for the effect of antecedent secular trend. Results Injury incidence rates declined significantly following HomeSafe; however, this effect was not statistically significant once temporal variation was controlled. Conclusions The decline in injury rates following HomeSafe cannot be attributed solely to HomeSafe, however, programmatic and methodologic limitations contributed to the inconclusive results. Further research into the hazards faced by residential construction workers is needed. Am. J. Ind. Med. 45:210–217, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Molecular transport in microfluidic channels for flow-induced molecular communication

Fluid flow inside microfluidic channels can alleviate excessive dispersion and delay in diffusion-based molecular communication and lead to the emergence of Flow-induced Molecular Communication (FMC). To develop communication techniques for FMC, analysis of molecular transport by flow, i.e., convection, inside microfluidic channels is essential. In this paper, molecular transport, i.e., concentration propagation, is studied for FMC in rectangular microfluidic channels. First, solution of flow velocity inside rectangular microfluidic channels is presented. Then, impulse response and transfer function are determined for a point source based on the flow velocity, diffusion constant, channel cross-section, and length parameters. Frequency and phase responses for concentration propagation in rectangular microfluidic channels with different cross-section and length parameters are revealed via numerical results.
Protein alterations in aging WI38 cells as determined by proteolytic susceptibility

Summary In an effort to determine whether many different abnormal proteins are present in phase III W138 cells, we have determined the susceptibility to proteolysis of the total proteins isolated from phase II and phase III cultures. The results demonstrate that proteins with increased proteolytic susceptibility can be detected only at the last population doubling of W138 cultures, but not sooner. Such increased proteolytic susceptibility indicates that proteins from terminal phase III cells are modified in relation to proteins from phase II and early phase III cultures. The modification could be due to errors of transcription, translation, or to post-translational alterations that may be fundamental or incidental to the in vitro senescence phenomenon. These results suggest that biochemical studies of phase III WI38 cultures should not overlook the last population doubling.
Selecting Software Test Data Using Data Flow Information

This paper defines a family of program test data selection criteria derived from data flow analysis techniques similar to those used in compiler optimization. It is argued that currently used path selection criteria, which examine only the control flow of a program, are inadequate quate. Our procedure associates with each point in a program at which a variable is defined, those points at which the value is used. Several test data selection criteria, differing in the type and number of these associations, are defined and compared.
The Parapsychological Odyssey of Stanley Krippner: An Interview by Rosemary Pilkington

I was 14 years old when I had my first so-called paranormal experience. As a child, I was a voracious reader and wanted to own a set of World Book Encyclopedia. My aunt was a salesperson for World Book and was eager to sell a set to my family, not only for my use but for that of my younger sister as well. Our parents explained to us that we simply could not afford the selling price of 100 dollars. They owned an orchard and the weather conditions over that past year had not produced a bumper crop of apples, their chief source of income.
On Consistency Relations in Nonlinear Fracture Mechanics

Abstract : A single form of consistency relations between generalized forces and displacements for systems exhibiting power-law behavior is presented. The later discussion focuses on certain details regarding applications of the relations to nonlinear fracture mechanics, emphasizing the finite element analysis of a single edge-cracked strip subjected to remote tension under plane strain conditions. Within the last decade there has been observed a serious computational effort towards obtaining numerical solutions to problems of nonlinear fracture mechanics. The handbook formatted reference gives extensive tabulations of important parameters for various configurations, loadings and material behaviors, which makes it useful for engineering analysis, and a review of prior work in the field permits its use it as a good starting point for further research.