cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Procedural Justice and Public Involvement in Natural Resource Decision Making

The public involvement programs of natural resource agencies have been broadly criticized as unresponsive to public desires. Historically, improving natural resource decisions has been the primary conceptual basis for designing public participation programs. However, the social psychological field of procedural justice suggests a new conceptual basis for public involvement that recognizes the importance of procedures as well as outcomes. This theory is based on a balancing of the self‐interest and group‐value models of behavior. Issues that arise in the operationalization of this theory for natural resource decision making include (1) the impact on interest group, in addition to individual participants, (2) impacts on nonparticipants, (3) effects of historical mistrust, and (4) measures of procedural fairness.
A regional planning model for occupational education

Abstract Section 123 of the Vocational Education Amendments of 1968 clearly indicates that State boards of Education are expected to develop and maintain a state-local program planning procedure that assures the best use of federal funds in light of important training needs of all people as well as requirements of employers. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate a general linear programming model that can be used by state boards to evaluate alternative decisions about the efficient allocation of these funds to public schools. A recent application of the model in a Pennsylvania labor market area is used to illustrate its generalizability and utility for state-local program planning. In the model public schools are viewed as one sector in a state system that includes all formal agencies who produce occupationally trained graduates. A common occupational language jointly developed in the U.S. Office of Education and the U.S. Department of Labor is used to match educational outputs with labor force requirements. The model is designed to be used in connection with demographic information currently available in the different state government agencies, i.e. Departments of Commerce, Labor and Education.
Transfusion utilization during adnexal or peritoneal cancer surgery: Effects on symptomatic venous thromboembolism and survival

Abstract Objective. To determine whether perioperative packed red blood cell (PRBC) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusions during ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer surgery increase the risk of symptomatic postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) and adversely affect overall survival. Methods. We conducted a retrospective review of all cases of surgical exploration for resection of stage IIIC-IV adnexal/peritoneal cancer between November 1998 and May 2002 at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Patients with a history of prior or active preoperative VTE were excluded. Routine intraoperative and postoperative VTE prophylaxis including lower extremity external pneumatic compression with or without postoperative subcutaneous heparin was utilized in all cases. Symptomatic postoperative VTE was diagnosed by lower extremity Doppler or computerized tomography (excluding cases with only ovarian vein thrombosis). Clinical parameters were examined by a logistic regression analysis to identify independent prognostic predictors of postoperative symptomatic VTE, which occurred within 30 days of surgery. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results. In all, 174 patients underwent exploratory surgery, and 6 (3.4%) were excluded due to active or prior history of VTE. Of the remaining 168 patients, 71 (42%) received at least one perioperative transfusion of PRBC or FFP. Postoperative VTE was documented in 5 of 46 (11%) patients who received a postoperative transfusion compared to 3 of 122 (2.5%) patients who did not (P = 0.04; odds ratio, 4.8); moreover, VTE was noted in 3:16 (19%) patients who received postoperative FFP compared to 5:152 (3.3%) patients who did not (P = 0.01, odds ratio of 6.78). Age, stage, body mass index, length of the operation, blood loss, presence of ascites, volume of ascites, residual disease status, preoperative hemoglobin level and coagulation profile were not associated with increased risk for VTE. When survival results were stratified by transfusion utilization and controlling for optimal debulking status, perioperative transfusions had no apparent effect on overall survival. Conclusion. In women with stage IIIC-V disease, postoperative blood product transfusions particularly FFP were associated with increased risk of DVT and PE, but transfusions had no impact on overall survival.
Numerical and arithmetical cognition: patterns of functions and deficits in children at risk for a mathematical disability.

Based on performance on standard achievement tests, first-grade children (mean age = 82 months) with IQ scores in the low-average to high-average range were classified as at risk for a learning disability (LD) in mathematics, reading, or both. These at-risk children (n = 55) and a control group of academically normal peers (n = 35) were administered experimental tasks that assessed number comprehension and production skills, counting knowledge, arithmetic skills, working memory, and ease of retrieving information from long-term memory. Different patterns of intact cognitive functions and deficits were found for children in the different at-risk groups. As a set, performance on the experimental tasks accounted for roughly 50% and 10% of the group differences in mathematics and reading achievement, respectively, above and beyond the influence of IQ. Performance on the experimental tasks thus provides insights into the cognitive deficits underlying different forms of LD, as well as into the sources of individual differences in academic achievement.
ADAMTS9 is a cell-autonomously acting, anti-angiogenic metalloprotease expressed by microvascular endothelial cells.

The metalloprotease ADAMTS9 participates in melanoblast development and is a tumor suppressor in esophageal and nasopharyngeal cancer. ADAMTS9 null mice die before gastrulation, but, ADAMTS9+/− mice were initially thought to be normal. However, when congenic with the C57Bl/6 strain, 80% of ADAMTS9+/− mice developed spontaneous corneal neovascularization. β-Galactosidase staining enabled by a lacZ cassette targeted to the ADAMTS9 locus showed that capillary endothelial cells (ECs) in embryonic and adult tissues and in capillaries growing into heterotopic tumors expressed ADAMTS9. Heterotopic B.16-F10 melanomas elicited greater vascular induction in ADAMTS9+/− mice than in wild-type littermates, suggesting a potential inhibitory role in tumor angiogenesis. Treatment of cultured human microvascular ECs with ADAMTS9 small-interfering RNA resulted in enhanced filopodial extension, decreased cell adhesion, increased cell migration, and enhanced formation of tube-like structures on Matrigel. Conversely, overexpression of catalytically active, but not inactive, ADAMTS9 in ECs led to fewer tube-like structures, demonstrating that the proteolytic activity of ADAMTS9 was essential. However, unlike the related metalloprotease ADAMTS1, which exerts anti-angiogenic effects by cleavage of thrombospondins and sequestration of vascular endothelial growth factor165, ADAMTS9 neither cleaved thrombospondins 1 and 2, nor bound vascular endothelial growth factor165. Taken together, these data identify ADAMTS9 as a novel, constitutive, endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor that operates cell-autonomously in ECs via molecular mechanisms that are distinct from those used by ADAMTS1.
Diversity ALOHA--A Random Access Scheme for Satellite Communications

A generalization of the slotted ALOHA random access scheme is considered in which a user transmits multiple copies of the same packet. The multiple copies can be either transmitted simultaneously on different frequency channels (frequency diversity) or they may be transmitted on a single high-speed channel but spaced apart by random time intervals (time diversity). In frequency diversity, two schemes employing channel selections with and without replacements have been considered. In time diversity, two schemes employing a fixed number of copies or a random number of copies for each packet have been considered. In frequency diversity, activity factor-throughput tradeoffs and in time diversity, delay-throughput tradeoffs for various diversity orders have been compared. It is found that under light traffic, multiple transmission gives better delay performance. If the probability that a packet fails a certain number or more times is specified not to exceed some time limit (realistic requirement for satellite systems having large round trip propagation delay), then usually multiple transmission gives higher throughput.
Gender effects of reported in utero tobacco exposure on smoking initiation, progression and nicotine dependence in adult offspring

We examined the relationship between self-reported in utero tobacco exposure and gender on smoking initiation, progression of cigarette use (i.e., telescoping), and current levels of nicotine dependence in adult treatment-seeking smokers. Subjects (N = 298) who reported "yes" (28% of the original sample) or "no" (50% of the original sample) to in utero tobacco exposure were included in the analyses. Telescoping was calculated as the difference between the age respondents smoked their "first full cigarette" and the age when they started smoking daily. Females who reported being exposed in utero transitioned from initial to daily cigarette use more rapidly than females not exposed. The opposite effect was found for males, which may be related to our finding that in utero exposure lowered the age of cigarette experimentation in exposed compared with unexposed males. Measures of current cigarette use and dependence (i.e., Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, prior withdrawal, number of past year quit attempts) were significantly associated with reported in utero exposure, gender, or interactions of exposure and gender. In utero tobacco exposure may accelerate the progression from experimentation to daily use in girls, result in early tobacco experimentation among boys, and produce higher levels of nicotine dependence among adult smokers.
Who Does an Elite Organization Emulate

We advance theories of the diffusion of innovations by examining the structure of emulation that emerged in one bank's benchmarking program. Prestigious firms and firms linked to the bank through executive migration were disproportionately likely to be recruited as benchmarking partners and, once visited, to be highly influential. Firms tied to the bank by board interlocks and geographic proximity were neither overrepresented nor influential. The bank also paid modest attention to other financial service providers, particularly rival money centers. These relationships hold net of area-specific recognition for excellence, which promotes attention but not influence, and financial performance, which affects neither. We emphasize the way organizational identity and decision-making processes activate and deactivate network ties as potential channels of innovation diffusion.
A Hydrophobic Binding Surface on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nef Core Is Critical for Association with p21-Activated Kinase 2

The interaction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Nef with p21-activated kinase 2 (Pak2) has been proposed to play an important role in T-cell activation and disease progression during viral infection. However, the mechanism by which Nef activates Pak2 is poorly understood. Mutations in most Nef motifs previously reported to be required for Pak2 activation (G2, PxxP72, and RR105) also affect other Nef functions, such as CD4 or major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) downregulation. To better understand Nef interactions with Pak2, we performed mutational analysis of three primary HIV-1 Nef clones that exhibited similar capacities for downregulation of CD4 and MHC-I but variable abilities to associate with activated Pak2. Our results demonstrate that Nef amino acids at positions 85, 89, 187, 188, and 191 (L, H, S, R, and F in the clade B consensus, respectively) are critical for Pak2 association. Mutation of these Nef residues dramatically altered association with Pak2 without affecting Nef expression levels or CD4 and MHC-I downregulation. Furthermore, compensation occurred at positions 89 and 191 when both amino acids were substituted. Since residues 85, 89, 187, 188, and 191 cluster on the surface of the Nef core domain in a region distinct from the dimerization and SH3-binding domains, we propose that these Nef residues form part of a unique binding surface specifically involved in association with Pak2. This binding surface includes exposed and recessed hydrophobic residues and may participate in an as-yet-unidentified protein-protein interaction to facilitate Pak2 activation.
Using queueing curve approximations in a fab to determine productivity improvements

Fabs are under great pressure to produce more output with the same equipment set. However, if throughput is increased without productivity improvements, cycle time will naturally rise. Texas Instruments Incorporated is using a queueing curve approximation in order to determine a particular machine set's productivity improvements over time regardless of fab loadings. By measuring the machine set's monthly average throughput and cycle time, a fab can determine if true improvements have been made and also determine how much cycle time would increase or decrease with loadings. In order to have widespread use in fabs, a particular formula should be relatively simple and easy to use. We will discuss a queueing curve approximation and how it can be used in the fabs. We will also discuss its accuracy both under ideal conditions and conditions of data that are insufficient and/or rough approximations. Other formulation problems such as machine or lot dedication (one queue per machine versus one queue to all machines), various arrival/service time distributions and percentage improvement determination are also addressed.
Viscosity and heat transfer coefficients for canola, corn, palm, and soybean oil

To understand the influence of frying oil’s physical properties on heat transfer, heat transfer coeflcient and oil viscosity were measured for combinations of oil type, temperature, and condition. The lumped capacity method for heat transfer in a high thermally conductive metal gave convective heat transfer coeficients. A capillary viscometer in a convective air heater provided viscosity data at frying temperatures. Frying time and oil temperature significantly affected viscosity. Oil viscosities were not statistically different between fresh and 12 h frying oil or 12 and 24 h frying oil, while between the remaining frying times the oil viscosities were statistically different. Corn oil viscosity showed the greatest increase over 36 h and the highest correlation between viscosiry and heat transfer coefficient (- 0.9S9).
The influence of body position on load range during isokinetic knee extension/flexion.

Isokinetic range of motion (ROM) has three distinct phases: rate of velocity development (RVD), load range (LR), and deceleration (DCC). The purpose of this study was to determine if differences in isokinetic knee extension/flexion LR exist between body positions. Ten subjects (4 males and 6 females, age 29.3 ± 5.4 yrs, ht 1.71 ± 0.10 m, wt 71.9 ± 12.9 kg) volunteered to participate in the seated vs. prone investigation and nine different subjects (4 males and 5 females, age 29.5 ± 6.9 yrs, ht 1.72 ± 0.09 m, wt 69.0 ± 13.8 kg) volunteered to participate in the seated vs. supine study. Each subject completed 3 maximal reciprocal concentric/concentric repetitions of dominant knee extension/flexion on a Biodex System 2 isokinetic dynamometer at 60, 120, 180, 240 and 360 deg·sec -1 in the supine or prone and seated positions. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that only seated flexion at 360 deg·sec -1 (57.6 ± 1.7 degrees) elicited significantly (p < 0.05) greater LR than prone (49.2 ± 2.8 degrees). No significant differences in LR extension or flexion existed at any velocity between the supine vs. seated positions. ANOVA also demonstrated differences between seated vs. prone torque, work and power at most velocities while there was no difference between seated vs. supine. LR is the only phase of an isokinetic repetition where quantifiable resistance is maintained and this data appears to support that it may not be position-dependent but position may alter traditional performance variables.
Sexual dysfunction in patients with gynecologic neoplasms: a retrospective pilot study.

Introduction Little is known regarding the impact of a sexual health program on the sexual functioning of patients with a history of a gynecologic malignancy.
Molecular dynamics simulations reveal a disorder-to-order transition on phosphorylation of smooth muscle myosin.

We have performed molecular dynamics simulations of the phosphorylated (at S-19) and the unphosphorylated 25-residue N-terminal phosphorylation domain of the regulatory light chain (RLC) of smooth muscle myosin to provide insight into the structural basis of regulation. This domain does not appear in any crystal structure, so these simulations were combined with site-directed spin labeling to define its structure and dynamics. Simulations were carried out in explicit water at 310 K, starting with an ideal α-helix. In the absence of phosphorylation, large portions of the domain (residues S-2 to K-11 and R-16 through Y-21) were metastable throughout the simulation, undergoing rapid transitions among α-helix, π-helix, and turn, whereas residues K-12 to Q-15 remained highly disordered, displaying a turn motif from 1 to 22.5 ns and a random coil pattern from 22.5 to 50 ns. Phosphorylation increased α-helical order dramatically in residues K-11 to A-17 but caused relatively little change in the immediate vicinity of the phosphorylation site (S-19). Phosphorylation also increased the overall dynamic stability, as evidenced by smaller temporal fluctuations in the root mean-square deviation. These results on the isolated phosphorylation domain, predicting a disorder-to-order transition induced by phosphorylation, are remarkably consistent with published experimental data involving site-directed spin labeling of the intact RLC bound to the two-headed heavy meromyosin. The simulations provide new insight into structural details not revealed by experiment, allowing us to propose a refined model for the mechanism by which phosphorylation affects the N-terminal domain of the RLC of smooth muscle myosin.
Spectroscopic and Transient Kinetic Studies of Site Requirements in Iron-Catalyzed Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

The structure, reduction/carburization, and catalytic performance of K- and Cu-promoted Fe2O3 during initial contact with synthesis gas were examined by combining kinetic analysis of the initial stages of Fischer−Tropsch synthesis (FTS) with X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Oxygen removal initially occurs without FTS reactions as Fe2O3 is reduced to inactive oxygen-deficient Fe2O3 species. Hydrocarbon synthesis reactions become detectable only as Fe3O4 forms and rapidly converts to FeCx. FTS reactions require only the incipient conversion of the surface layers to a dynamic and active surface phase, which consists of FeCx with steady-state surface coverages of vacancies, formed via oxygen and carbon removal during the formation of monomers, CO2, and H2O. Such surfaces tend to respond to changes in the contacting gas phase within turnover times by changing the relative surface concentration of carbon, oxygen, CO, and hydrogen. The catalytic behavior of these dynamic surfaces is largely independent of the carb...
Transmission Genetics of Chromatin From a Synthetic Amphidiploid to Cultivated Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.): Broadening the Gene Pool of a Monophyletic Polyploid Species

Polyploidy creates severe genetic bottlenecks, contributing to the genetic vulnerability of leading crops. Cultivated peanut is thought to be of monophyletic origin, harboring relatively little genetic diversity. To introduce variability from diploid wild species into tetraploid cultivated Arachis hypogaea , a synthetic amphidiploid {[ A. batizocoi K9484 × ( A. cardenasii GKP10017 × A. diogoi GKP10602)] 4× } was used as donor parent to generate a backcross population of 78 progeny. Three hundred seventy RFLP loci were mapped onto 23 linkage groups, spanning 2210 cM. Chromatin derived from the two A-genome diploid ancestors ( A. cardenasii and A. diogoi ) comprised mosaic chromosomes, reflecting crossing over in the diploid A-genome interspecific F 1 hybrid. Recombination between chromosomes in the tetraploid progeny was similar to chromosome pairing reported for A. hypogaea , with recombination generally between chromosomes of the same subgenomic affinity. Segregation distortion was observed for 25% of the markers, distributed over 20 linkage groups. Unexpectedly, 68% of the markers deviating from expected segregation showed an excess of the synthetic parent allele. Genetic consequences, relationship to species origins, and significance for comparative genetics are discussed.
Antimicrobial peptide resistance in Neisseria meningitidis

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play an important role as a host defense against microbial pathogens and are key components of the human innate immune response. Neisseria meningitidis frequently colonizes the human nasopharynx as a commensal but also is a worldwide cause of epidemic meningitis and rapidly fatal sepsis. In the human respiratory tract, the only known reservoir of N. meningitidis, meningococci are exposed to human endogenous AMPs. Thus, it is not surprising that meningococci have evolved effective mechanisms to confer intrinsic and high levels of resistance to the action of AMPs. This article reviews the current knowledge about AMP resistance mechanisms employed by N. meningitidis. Two major resistance mechanisms employed by meningococci are the constitutive modification of the lipid A head groups of lipooligosaccharides by phosphoethanolamine and the active efflux pump mediated excretion of AMPs. Other factors influencing AMP resistance, such as the major porin PorB, the pilin biogenesis apparatus, and capsular polysaccharides, have also been identified. Even with an inherently high intrinsic resistance, several AMP resistance determinants can be further induced upon exposure to AMPs. Many well-characterized AMP resistance mechanisms in other Gram-negative bacteria are not found in meningococci. Thus, N. meningitidis utilizes a limited but highly effective set of molecular mechanisms to mediate antimicrobial peptide resistance. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Peptides.
Obstetrical Paralysis and Dislocation of the Shoulder in Infancy

Two infants with anterior subglenoid dislocation of the shoulder associated with branchial plexus injury are reported. The diagnosis should be suspected when fixed abduction of the arm and winging of the scapula are present. Open reduction was required in both cases.
Selecting and Pre-setting Amplification for Children: Where Do We Begin?

In summary, it is important to remember that children are not just little adults. Although we can look to information from the adult population for guidance, there are some issues that are specific to the pediatric population. In preselection of any amplification system for a child, it is important to remember our goals. It also is important to individualize the prescription as much as possible with information from the child, the family, and other professionals working with the family. Hearing instrument preselection and fitting is not a one-time procedure. It is an ongoing process that will be returned to, again and again, as more information is learned about the child's hearing loss, as the child grows and his/her amplification needs change, and as advances in technology make additional options available. Once the preselection has been completed, the next step in the process, that of verification, will begin. Accompanying articles will focus on this next step as well as on continued evaluation and follow-up.
GaussianCpG: A Gaussian model for detection of human CpG island

CpG contents in human DNA genome are generally suppressed to only around 1% comparing with other combinations [1]. The scarcity of CpG dinucleotide can be explained by bio-chemical binding force and energy [2]. CpG islands (CGI), where high profiles of CpG sites are densely contained in some certain genome regions, play important roles in DNA methylation, gene regulation, epigenetic inheritance, gene mutation, chromosome inactivation and nuclesome retention [3]. In vertebrate, DNA methylation usually occurs in CpG islands and adds an additional methyl to cytosine such that the gene silencing may be caused by the additional methyl. This subtle process can further give rise to different gene regulation and diverse epigenetic issues. Conventional bisulfite modification-based methods to determine the CpG island are time-consuming [4]. Although new sequencing techniques are developed for whole genome assays, it is reported to be too costly [5]. Thus, computational investigations to CpG islands is efficient and fundamental for many biological studies.
Nicrosil II and Nisil Thermocouple Alloys: Physical Properties and Behavior during Thermal Cycling to 1200 K

Nickel base alloys of many compositions have been used extensively for thermocouple elements for many years. One of the most prevalent is designated “type K” by the Instrument Society of America.1
From the People's Perspective: Assessing the Representational Validity of a Coding Scheme of Citizens’ Legal Communication about Ballot Initiatives

A weakness of coding schemes used in analyzing citizens’ legal communication about proposed laws is the lack of evidence that such codes correspond to concepts in citizens’ minds, viz., evidence of representational validity (Poole & Folger, 1981). This study aims to address that weakness by using a sorting exercise to assess the representational validity of codes from a coding scheme of citizens’ legal communication about proposed laws (Richards, 2012; Richards & Gastil, 2013). The results furnish evidence that topical concepts referred to by the codes are recognized by ordinary persons, but the extent of recognition varies. Multidimensional scaling and cluster analyses indicated that the codes were organized along two dimensions and seven clusters, six of which could be readily interpreted. Findings support suggestions in previous research that strategic and realistic cognitive schemata influenced citizens’ decision making and communication about proposed laws (Richards, 2012; Richards & Gastil, 2013).
Exorcising the Racism Phantasm: Racial Realism in Educational Research.

Based on a 3-year ethnographic project at a public elementary school in North Carolina, this article discusses how the concept of racial realism can be useful to researchers trying to live up to the goals of critical race studies in school-based research. Racial realism maintains that racism is a permanent aspect of U.S. society and schools. A racial realist stance involves acknowledging that permanent nature and making the commitment to challenge racism regardless. Taking this stance can help researchers focus on the material ways that racism affects students of color and support the work of teachers who are pursuing antiracist goals.
Logics of Violence in Criminal War

What kind of war is Mexico’s drug war? The prominent “criminal insurgency” approach helpfully focuses attention on cartel–state conflict, but unnecessarily redefines insurgency as “state-weakening,” eliding critical differences in rebels’ and cartels’ aims. Whereas rebels fight states, and cartels fight with one another, to conquer mutually prized territory and resources, cartels fight states “merely” to constrain their behavior and influence policy outcomes. This distinction yields a typology with theoretical consequences: decisive victory plays an important role in most models of civil war but is impossible or undesirable in wars of constraint. Theories of criminal war must therefore explain how ongoing coercive violence can be preferable to pacific strategies. I distinguish two such coercive logics of cartel–state conflict: violent lobbying and violent corruption. Lobbyings' more universalistic benefits elicit free riding, so turf war among cartels should make it rarer than violent corruption. This pre...
Silica aerogel

Silica aerogels are unique in chemistry and have intrigued scientists and engineers alike. They have distinct properties that are attractive in a number of technologies. Although it has been in existence since 1930, silica aerogels are still fairly new in terms of discovery and research. Aerogel's air-like qualities have been put to use for home insulation to comet catchers. With the right combination, aerogels can improve computer chips and even act as capacitors. Aerogels even have the potential of improving the environment. For these reasons, government labs such as NASA, among others, have been supporting the continued study of aerogels. The present paper discusses chemical aspects, the manufacturing process, electrical applications, advantages and disadvantages of its use.
“Sometimes They Bury the Deceased’s Clothes and Trinkets”: Indigenous Mortuary Practices at Mission Santa Clara de Asís

Mission Santa Clara de Asis, a Franciscan mission in Alta California, was home to Ohlone/Costanoan, Yokuts, and Miwok people who perpetuated and reinterpreted mortuary practices at multiple points across the landscape. More than three decades of archaeological research at Mission Santa Clara has revealed burials and associated grave goods from two different mission era cemeteries, as well as the archaeological remains of possible mourning ceremonies within the mission’s indigenous residential area. Burial records also reveal a wealth of information about how Franciscans and native people negotiated cultural and religious practices regarding death and mourning. The findings from Santa Clara are contextualized through evidence from precontact archaeological sites and early ethnographies, as well as from historical accounts by missionaries and other observers. The processes of negotiation and accommodation that unfolded between Franciscan missionaries and indigenous people at Mission Santa Clara are compared with evidence from other Alta California missions.
Studies on the Internal Anatomy of the Black Carpet Beetle, Attagenus megatoma

The histology and anatomy of the digestive tract of the adult and larva of the black carpet beetle, Attagenus megatoma (F.) (= A. piccus (Olivier)), are described and illustrated. Posteriorly, the larval foregut is expanded into a bulb which is formed by a proliferation of noncellular material similar to basement membrane. Within the adult digestive tract, the larval midgut is retained as a closed tube until excreted. There is evidence that the midgut epithelium is regenerated with each larval molt. The malpighian tubules are appressed distally to the ventral portion of the hindgut and are formed terminally into a mass of convoluted tubules. Bands of oenocytes occur along the dorsoventral muscles in larval and adult abdominal segments and in the meso- and metathorax of the adult. The female reproductive system consists of 2 ovaries each containing 6 ovarioles, a partially sclerotized diverticulum of the vagina, a spermatheca, and an accessory gland. The anus and gonopore arc separate openings on the same sclerotized tube. The male system contains 2 testes each with 6 sperm tubes, 2 seminal vesicles, 2 accessory glands, and 4 unidentified projections.
The stethoscope as metaphor.

The humanities—and bedside skills—ought to be a fundamental part of medical education. The alternative is a future full of technicians with tricorders, but sorely lacking in healers.
The National Bureau of Standards and its Possible Technical Relations to the Motion Picture Industry

Motion pictures are about as modern as the Bureau of Standards; both are twentieth century products. As an organized branch of engineering yours is ten years old, the youngest of the family. In 1900, motion picture photography was still in days of hit or miss. Progress in measured control has brought us a developed art. The new motion picture which will add color, stereo-relief, and sounds will be-highly complex in its technical aspects. Standardization and measured control will then more than ever be indispensable; in fact, the trend in all industry today is toward complete measured control standardization.
Repeated Interactive Read-Aloud: Enhancing Literacy Using Story Props

Learning to read is one of the greatest achievements of childhood. Not only is the ability to interpret meaning from the written word exciting in its own right, it is also a fundamental skill necessary for development and all future learning. Many people believe that children learn to read once they begin formal schooling; however, emergent literacy actually begins as early as birth. Young children learn literacy skills through interactions with the adults around them and gain the most when those adults, particularly parents and teachers, are both knowledgeable and intentional in how they support and nurture early literacy. Repeated Interactive Read-aloud (RIR-A) is one research-based technique that has been effective in increasing children's engagement in and understanding and appreciation of reading in preschool and kindergarten settings. Disadvantaged children who have fewer at-home opportunities for literacy development can especially benefit. In this article, Rao, Newlin-Haus, and Ehrhardt provide a ...
Meta-analysis of the Expression and Significance of Wilm′s Tumor Gene in Childhood Acute Leukemia

Objective To explore the expression and significance of Wilm′s tumor gene(WT1) in childhood acute leukemia(AL).Methods Collect academic papers published in the years 1994-2009 from CNKI,VIP and Wanfang databases,which were case-control studies associated with the expression of Wilm′s tumor gene in childhood AL.A statistical test for heterogeneity was performed in all the papers.The odds ratio and 95 %CI were used to evaluate the risks of the expression of Wilm′s tumor gene in childhood AL.The Meta-analysis was applied with RevMan 4.2.9 software.Results Three of the case-control studies were selected for this Meta-analysis,including 172 cases ofchildhood AL and 48 controls.The pooled odds ratio was 41.94,and the 95 %CI was [0.09,217.31 ].The expression of Wilm′s tumor gene had no significant correlation with the type of AL(P0.05),but obviously affected the prognosis.Conclusions The high expression of WT1 may play an important role in the occurrence,development of childhood AL,which shows great importance in the diagnosis and treatment of childhood AL.
A 14/14 marker chromosome lymphocyte clone in ataxia telangiectasia

A lymphocyte clone with a 45, XY karyotype with a 14/14 tandem translocation marker, the frequency of which is time-variable, has been observed in an ataxia telangiectasia patient. Cells with the marker chromotosome were not observed in fibroblasts cultures derived from a skin biopsy, nor was the marker observed in leukocyte cultures from the patient's two affected sibs.
Injectable alginate seeded with chondrocytes as a potential treatment for vesicoureteral reflux

Injection of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) or collagen has been used in the endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux. Although the principle of an endoscopic treatment is valid, there are concerns regarding the long-term safety and effectiveness of these substances. The goal of several investigators has been to find alternate implant materials that would be safe for human use. Toward this goal we conducted a study to determine the effect of chondrocytes using a biodegradable polymer solution as a template. Hyaline cartilage was obtained from the articular surfaces of calf shoulders and chondrocytes were harvested. Chondrocyte suspensions were concentrated to 20, 30 and 40 x 10(6) cells per cc and mixed with dry alginate powder (a biodegradable polymer) to form a gel. Twelve athymic mice were injected subcutaneously with a chondrocyte-alginate solution. Each mouse had 4 injection sites, consisting of control, 10, 15 and 20 x 10(6) chondrocyte cells (48 injection sites). Mice were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6 and 12 weeks after injection. Histological examination of the injection sites demonstrated evidence of cartilage formation in 34 of the 36 experimental injection sites. Gross examination of the injection sites with increasing time showed that the polymer gels were progressively replaced by cartilage. The ultimate size of the cartilage formed was related to the initial chondrocyte concentration injected, and appeared to be uniform and stable within each category. There was no evidence of cartilage formation in the 12 controls. Histological analyses of distant organs showed no evidence of cartilage or alginate gel migration, or granuloma formation. In conclusion, chondrocyte-alginate gel suspensions are injectable, appear to be nonmigratory and are able to conserve their volume. In addition, the use of autologous cartilage cells would preclude an immunological reaction. These preliminary studies indicate that autologous cartilage-polymer gel solutions may be potentially useful in the endoscopic treatment of reflux.
Victorian Reclamations: Elizabeth Gaskell’s Protective Fictions in Mary Barton and Ruth

In the first half of Chastity and Transgression in Women’s Writing I have suggested that a small group of women writers participate in the construction of a “new” sexualized and politicized heroine; they then employ that figure in a critique of the hypocritical social and sexual mores which frustrate female “independence”. While the Victorian women writers I discuss in the next two chapters, Elizabeth Gaskell and Christina Rossetti, also employ the figure of the sexually transgressive woman in their writing, they do so in a very different social and political climate. The categories of “author” and “social reformer” are themselves vexed during the period. Many Victorian authors were committed to social “missions” which they pursued outside — as well as inside — the text. Charles Dickens proselytized against the Poor Law in Oliver Twist and the Ragged Schools in Hard Times, even as he actively worked to reform such legal and social institutions. John Ruskin not only wrote of the need to educate the poor but also lectured at the Working Men’s College. Elizabeth Gaskell’s own philanthropy manifested itself in many ways. As the wife of a Unitarian minister she regularly visited the poor of her husband’s parish, actively interceding to make their lives better; she also wrote “social problem” novels, including North and South, meant to mediate the divisive class boundaries that plagued post-agrarian England.
Technical Standards and Specifications

The Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) is a collection of standards and specifications for online learning. It defines communications between a user and a host sy☺stem within a learning management system.
Dialysis Catheter Placement in Patients With Exhausted Access

Patients with end-stage renal disease undergo renal transplant, peritoneal dialysis, or intermittent hemodialysis for renal replacement therapy. For hemodialysis, native fistulas or grafts are preferred but hemodialysis catheters are often necessary. Per KDOQI, the right jugular vein is the preferred vessel of access for these catheters. However, in patients with long-standing end-stage renal disease vein thrombosis, stenosis and occlusion occurs. In these patients with end-stage vascular access, unconventional routes of placement of dialysis catheters are needed. These methods include placing them by means of sharp recanalization, via a translumbar route directly into the inferior vena cava, and via transhepatic and transrenal routes. These difficult, but potentially lifesaving methods of gaining vascular access are reviewed in this article.
Energy-Efficient and Fault-Tolerant Mobile Cloud Storage

Mobile Cloud Storage (MCS) systems – cloud storageon mobile devices without access to remote data center-type cloud resources, are not only interesting from a theoretical point of view, as they pose the most challenging design settings, but also important in enabling real-world applications such as disaster relief, military operation, and mining in remote areas. Central to MCS design is how to minimize the energy consumption of the battery-powered devices while still maintaining the data reliability and availability. Unfortunately, existing solutions do not model the energy-efficiency and data reliability of MCS in an integrated manner. Their formulations predominantly makeuse of heuristics, which may over-emphasize energy efficiency and not provide sufficient data reliability for some applications. In this paper, we design an energy-efficient distributed data storage framework in MCS under explicit data reliability requirement. The novel formulations produce a reliability-compliant and energy-efficient MCS system. The performance characteristics of our solutions are extensively evaluated through both real-world and synthetic mobility traces.
Analysis and repository of services telemedicine in Chile (2014–2015)

The author, as part of a project to study and develop a proposal based on telemedicine, made a first study on the state of the art (both in Latin America and nationally); and it is found that, despite some isolated efforts of some services and health centers in general, do not yet exist in Chile a policy or plan Telemedicine officially declared. As a result of research, data collection, and developed work, it has managed to create a data repository, which allows to know the level of actual production of different types of specialties and practices based on telemedicine, which are made in primary care centers and hospitals with low complexity, requiring the assistance of a specialist doctor away. We considered the 68.900 attendances made during the years 2014 and 2015, covering seven tele-specialties, which can be subjected to statistical analyzes. We conclude that background and study results (original and unique), makes an important tool for the design, development and implementation of new telemedicine projects (according to actual demand).
Mobile-bed similitude evaluation of hydraulic sediment response models

A form of small-scale physical modelling, known as Hydraulic Sediment Response modelling, was evaluated for mobile-bed similitude by analysing bathymetry, and dimensionless hydraulic and sediment-transport parameters. Two small-scale physical models were established for two different prototype reaches of the Mississippi River: the Upper Browns Bar reach and the Waters Point reach. To obtain prototype hydraulic conditions, one-dimensional numerical modelling was used to simulate steady flow in both reaches. Bathymetry was analysed by comparing cross-sectional flow areas, top widths, and hydraulic depths between the prototypes and the physical models. Acceptable agreement was found in the replication of the prototype bathymetry conditions for both reaches, taking into consideration the natural channel variability observed between different prototype surveys. Dimensionless sediment-transport parameters and spatial distributions of normalized Shields parameters were compared between the prototype numerical si...
In the shadow of the Moon, what type of solar eclipse will we see?

ABSTRACTSolar eclipses occur several times a year, but most people will be lucky if they see one total solar eclipse in their lifetime. There are two upcoming total solar eclipses that can be seen from different parts of the United States (August 21, 2017 and April 8, 2024), and they provide teachers with an amazing opportunity to engage students with a remarkable astronomical event. We summarize the science behind eclipses and describe an inexpensive activity for students from third grade up through middle school that will let them use models to see the differences between total, annular, and partial solar eclipses. The activity lets students explore why, during a solar eclipse, people in different areas will see different types of eclipses. The activity can be used as a way to get students excited about astronomy and the upcoming eclipses. We also give ideas for ways that teachers can engage their students during the eclipses.
The Role of Models in Metabolic Research: a Physiological Perspective

Abstract The development of any model requires testing of both the underlying assumptions and the final values calculated from the model. In this paper we present examples of the interaction between empirical testing and the development of models designed to help in the investigation of glucose, lactate, and pyruvate kinetics in vivo. Experimental evidence is presented which demonstrates that a model of glucose kinetics should account for the two physical pools in which glucose is distributed — plasma and interstitial fluid. When such a model is used to determine rapid changes in the rate of appearance of unlabeled glucose with measurements made from both compartments, accuracy is improved markedly in certain non-steady state situations over the traditional Steele equation. In the case of lactate kinetics, it is demonstrated that when the proper isotope infusion/sampling mode is used, impossible values for lactate production are obtained using the traditional approach for calculation. However, in demonstration of the failure of that model, new information was obtained which led to the development of a new model to quantify pyruvate kinetics.
Novel gateway stay/add policy used to increase student success rates in an introductory circuits class

Students were made to earn at least 90% on eight automatically graded (using MyOpenMath) online homework assignments to either remain enrolled (stay) or get permission to enroll (add) in a blended-instruction introduction to circuit analysis class. While this stay/add policy has caused some controversy, it was the only effective treatment to decrease the DFW rate (percentage of students who earn a D, F, unauthorized withdrawal or authorized withdrawal in one section of a course) in the regular semester offerings of the course. The DFW rate before this treatment was typically around 35% and as high as 53%. The DFW rate dropped to 17% for the same instructor after the gateway assignment policy was implemented. The DFW rate remained lower (19% and 26%) even when new (no prior teaching experience), part time faculty taught the class with the same materials, and stay/add policy. While other treatments that were tried such as making the class activities more realistic, flipped classroom, I-clickers, changing the pre-requisite from D- to C for the pre-requisite physics course, enforcing the differential equation co/pre-requisite, and switching the flow of the course to “impedance first”, did not decrease the DFW rate, they did lead to increased student learning.