cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of fungal colonization on the rhizoplane of the CS 2 - producing plant, Mimosa pudica L.

Carbon disulfide (CS2) is a colourless, volatile, foul-smelling, fungicidal liquid that is produced by some plants. We determined the ability of a model CS2-producing plant, Mimosa pudica, to affect the rhizoplane colonisation of six species of soil fungi. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), a plant which does not produce CS2, was the control. In plate assays, the mycelia of Fusarium moniliforme, Pythium aphanidermatum, Phytophthora sp., Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii and Trichoderma viride showed variable responses to CS2, but all mycelia were inhibited by 4 µg CS2 ml-1. Inhibition of spore germination of F. moniliforme, P. aphanidermatum and T. viride was similar to mycelial inhibition. When gnotobiotic tomato or M pudica plants were inoculated with F. moniliforme or T. viride, spore counts were similar in the nonrhizosphere, but 10- to 100-fold lower on the rhizoplane of M pudica than those of tomato. When the roots of 11-d-old gnotobiotic tomato or M pudica plants were each inoculated separately with one of the six fungal species, abundant hyphae of all six fungal species were observed on the roots of tomato after 7 days. In contrast, roots of M pudica showed many or abundant hyphae of R. solani and S. rolfsii but no or few hyphae of the remaining species. These observations were confirmed by ergosterol analysis. Plant-generated CS2 may account for this decreased fungal colonisation, although other compounds may also be responsible.
Phenomenology as Description and as Explanation: The Case of Schizophrenia

The phenomenological approach in both philosophy and psychiatry has often been characterized as a descriptive rather than an explanatory enterprise. One can understand this statement in various ways. The general idea, however, is that the purpose of phenomenology is to describe and define the nature and varieties of human experience rather than to give an account of the causal mechanisms or efficacious processes that bring it about.
CAS Wavelet Picard Technique for Burger’s–Huxley and Burgers Equation

In this paper, solutions of generalized Burger’s–Huxley equation and Burgers equation are proposed through a numerical method. The method is developed by using CAS wavelet in conjunction with Picard technique. Operational matrices for CAS wavelet are derived and constructed. The implementation procedure is provided. Error analysis and convergence of present method is also presented. The results of the CAS wavelet Picard method are compared with results from some well known methods which support the accuracy, efficiency and validity of the CAS wavelet Picard scheme.
Preliminary Design and Evaluation of a Single-Actuator Anthropomorphic Prosthetic Hand with Multiple Distinct Grasp Types

The various drawbacks of complex myoelectric prosthetic hands have led to low adoption rates by upper limb amputees, with upwards of 35% pediatric device rejection and 23% adult device rejection rates. This paper describes the design of a novel 50th percentile female sized single-actuator anthropomorphic myoelectric hand that was created to address issues commonly associated with myoelectric prosthesis. The hand uses underactuated coupling mechanisms to enable three distinct passively-adaptive grasp types, from a single DC motor and single input control, selected through a simple manual reconfiguration of the digits. The hand was evaluated in a preliminary assessment that included benchtop evaluation and a five subject able-bodied combined Box and Blocks and SHAP test using a bypass socket to evaluate effectiveness on activities of daily living. The able-bodied subject testing results are presented and compared to published SHAP results from commercial powered hook, single-actuator anthropomorphic and multi-actuator anthropomorphic devices.
The Role of the Environment and Colonization in Healthcare-Associated Infections

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) can be caused by endogenous host microbial flora or by exogenous microbes, including those found in the hospital environment. Efforts to decrease endogenous pathogens via decolonization and skin antisepsis may decrease the risk of infection in some settings. Controlling the spread of potential pathogens from the environment requires meticulous attention to cleaning and disinfection practices. In addition to selection of the appropriate cleaning agent, use of tools that assess the adequacy of cleaning and addition of no-touch cleaning technology may decrease environmental contamination. Hand hygiene is also a critical component of preventing transmission of pathogens from the environment to patients via healthcare worker hands.
A Comparison Study of the Performance of South/North-facing vs East/West-facing Bifacial Modules under Shading Conditi

Horizon obstructions can decrease the diffuse and direct light received by photovoltaic (PV) modules. In this paper, we compare the performances of the two bifacial PV system orientations: optimally tilted facing south/north (Bi S/N ), and vertically installed facing east/west (Bi E/W ) under no-shading and shading conditions. We considered multiple locations with different latitudes and weather types and observed that without any horizon obstructions, Bi S/N outperforms Bi E/W for most locations. However, certain types of obstructions cause Bi E/W to have higher energy yield than Bi S/N . For sunnier and lower latitude locations such as Albuquerque, NM, a very large obstruction at south causes this result. On the other hand, for higher latitude locations (e.g. Anchorage, AK), much smaller obstructions at south is enough to have higher energy yield for Bi E/W than Bi S/N . Under certain shading conditions Bi E/W produces up to 75 kWh/year more energy than Bi S/N .
Prêt-à-porter : Paper, Skin, and Popular Belief in Early Modern France = Prêt-à-porter : Amuletos Textuales, Creencias Populares y Definición de las Supersticiones en la Francia de los siglos XVI y XVII

In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, people commonly wore words, names, letters, symbols, and images about their bodies for protection or healing. Drawing on French sources, this article examines the widespread practice of wearing textual amulets in this period as revelatory of an enduring belief in the power of words and images to protect and heal the individual who wore them. It analyzes the vehement critique of this practice by period theologians, both Protestant and Catholic, who attacked their contemporaries’ investment in the materiality of the textual object as superstition. En los siglos XVI y XVII, la gente usaba con frecuencia palabras, nombres, letras, simbolos e imagenes sobre sus cuerpos como proteccion o como cura. Partiendo de fuentes francesas, este articulo examina la extendida practica de usar amuletos textuales en ese periodo de tiempo como una revelacion de la creencia permanente en el poder de las palabras y las imagenes para proteger y curar a los individuos que las usaban. Se analiza la critica vehemente de dicha practica por los teologos de la epoca, tanto protestantes como catolicos, que atacaban a la inversion de sus contemporaneos en la materialidad de los objetos textuales como una supersticion.
Magnetic properties of the BaNi 2(As 1-x V x ) 2 O 8 honeycomb system

The Kitaev model for magnetic interactions on a honeycomb lattice, which underlies the exotic quantum spin liquid (QSL) state in such systems, has long been established and experimentally confirmed. Current studies on Kitaev QSLs have focused on heavy-metal-based Mott insulators where strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) leads to bond-dependent spin anisotropy. Here we examine a 3d transition-metal-based honeycomb lattice material BaNi2(As1-x V x )2O8, where the SOC is weak but spin exchange coupling is strongly frustrated due to the crystal field. We present an investigation of the crystal structure and magnetization of this series of Ni-based honeycomb materials, providing an alternative perspective in the search for the QSL in 3d-element-based honeycomb systems.
Associations of the microbiome and esophageal disease.

The incidence of esophageal diseases such as esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have been increasing over the last 40 years. The esophageal microbiome appears to have a role in the development of some disease processes, and could also serve as markers of early diseases of the esophagus. A literature review was performed examining the role of the microbiome in the development of esophageal disease. In addition, the results of several studies and experiments were included in the review. Both EAC and GERD have increased in incidence over the last 40 years. Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a risk factor for EAC. Patients with BE appear to have a microbiome expression pattern distinct from patients without BE. The distinct pattern may be related to factors within the distal esophagus such as a more acidic environment, intraluminal stasis and other elements. It remains unclear whether the change in microflora leads to esophageal disease, or whether the disease process within the esophagus allows these particular organisms to experience overgrowth compared to other microflora. Patient factors such as body mass index (BMI), diet and geographic location also appear to affect the esophageal microbiome. There is an association with the esophageal microbiome and several esophageal diseases. Future studies should examine these correlations more closely. The distinct patterns may be able to serve as a marker of early disease, and possibly lead to a mechanism for the development of esophageal disease.
Leptospirosis Seroconversion Surveillance Among US Marines Assigned to Japan, 2011–2015

Introduction Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic disease spread through contact with contaminated water/soil. The US soldiers at the military bases in these countries are extremely vulnerable, as most of them are immunologically naive to the responsible pathogen. No recent sero-epidemiological data of leptospirosis among US Marines stationed in Japan were available. Materials and methods In this study, we analyzed the presence of leptospirosis in US Marines stationed in Japan. One thousand posttour sera samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Leptospira-specific Immunoglobulin G. Results Among these 1,000 posttour samples, 85 of them were positive and corresponding pretour samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay also. Seroconversion occurred for 35 (3.5%) Marines during their assignment to Japan. These results also indicate that 50 Marine personnels were exposed to leptospires before their assignment to Japan, perhaps because of previous exposure to leptospires at home. Conclusion The 5% rate of seroconversion in 2013 and 2014 suggests that leptospirosis is a potential threat for Marines in the endemic region in Japan.
Beyond International Solidarity: The US Anti-communist Labour Policy in Brazil During the Cold War

The chapter analyses the international history of the Brazilian labour movement from the end of World War II to the late 1960s by focusing on the role of the US anti-communist labour organizations during the Cold War. By examining the activities conducted by the AFL-CIO and ORIT in Brazil, Correa reveals their political aims as well the labour conflicts between the US anti-communist trade unionism, the Catholics international labour leaderships and the Brazilian local trade unionists. Besides, the author problematises the thin line between the international labour solidarity actions and the political intervention strategies in order to avoid the spread of “Communism”.
The Role of Caveolin-1 in Retinal Inflammation

Although the retina resides within the immune-protected ocular environment, inflammatory processes mounted in the eye can lead to retinal damage. Unchecked chronic ocular inflammation leads to retinal damage. Thus, retinal degenerative diseases that result in chronic inflammation accelerate retinal tissue destruction and vision loss. Treatments for chronic retinal inflammation involve corticosteroid administration, which has been associated with glaucoma and cataract formation. Therefore, we must consider novel, alternative treatments. Here, we provide a brief review of our current understanding of chronic innate inflammatory processes in retinal degeneration and the complex role of a putative inflammatory regulator, Caveolin-1 (Cav1). Furthermore, we suggest that the complex role of Cav1 in retinal inflammatory modulation is likely dictated by cell type-specific subcellular localization.
The Effect of Mean Flow Unstediness on the Dynamics of a Plane Wake

The generation of low-frequency velocity components and their influence on the dynamics of a plane wake are examined. The results indicate that the influence and role of low-frequency modes on wake transition and spectral energy transfer depends somewhat on the mechanism by which these modes are generated. In both steady and unsteady wakes, low frequency modes play an important role in establishing modulations and enhancing sideband interactions. Time and spectral-domain measurements indicate that low-frequency mean flow variations introduce very strong and coherent modulations of the velocity fluctuations. Nonlinear couplings and modulations measurements show that low-frequency modes arising from spectral interactions in steady wakes are primarily limited to spectral regions involving the primary instability mode, its harmonics and near sidebands. In contrast, the unsteady wake is characterized by a broader and richer array of couplings through out the spectrum.
Subdural Drain versus Subdural Evacuating Port System for the Treatment of Nonacute Subdural Hematomas: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background Subdural drain (SDD) and Subdural Evacuating Port System (SEPS) are bedside options for management of nonacute subdural hematomas (SDHs). These interventions have not been compared with each other. Our objective is to compare the need for second bedside procedure, need for craniotomy, complication rate, and other outcomes related to bedside drainage of SDH with SDD or SEPS. We hypothesized that SDD would be associated with superior outcomes to SEPS. Methods Database queries and direct patient chart reviews were used to gather patient data. t-Tests, Fisher exact tests, and proportional odds models were performed. Results Of 41 SDDs and 25 SEPS, baseline characteristics were similar except more isodense SDHs were present in SDD (P = 0.0312). SEPS was associated with significant risk of requiring a second bedside procedure (odds ratio, 3.2381; 99% confidence interval, 1.0345–10.1355) relative to SDD. Need for craniotomy did not differ between groups (12.1% SDD vs. 16% SEPS; P = 0.721). The complication rate was similar between groups (2.4% SDD vs. 12% SEPS; P = 0.1484). Symptom resolution, condition at latest follow-up, and posthospital disposition were similar between groups, but SEPS was associated with longer intensive care unit and total hospital length of stay (P = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively). Conclusions SEPS was associated with higher risk for need of second bedside procedure and longer intensive care unit and hospital length of stay than SDD, although not increased need for craniotomy. Additional studies are needed to confirm our findings and determine if SDD may be more effective than SEPS for the treatment of nonacute SDH.
Trainee and workforce diversity in hematology and oncology: Ten years later what has changed?

11000Background: The diversification of the healthcare workforce has been identified as a strategy to address health disparities and increase patient-physician trust. A prior review of diversity am...
Superficial capillary perfusion on optical coherence tomography angiography differentiates moderate and severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy

Purpose To identify objective optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters that characterize the spectrum of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), especially those that distinguish moderate from severe NPDR. Methods Sixty eyes of 60 patients with treatment-naive NPDR (mild: 21, moderate: 21, severe: 18), 23 eyes with diabetes and no retinopathy, and 24 healthy control eyes were enrolled. OCTA slabs were segmented into superficial (SCP), middle (MCP), and deep capillary plexus (DCP) and thresholded by a new method based on DCP skeletonized vessel length. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, parafoveal vessel density (VD), and adjusted flow index (AFI) from all three capillary layers and the vessel length density (VLD) of the SCP were compared between each severity group, after adjusting for age and image quality. Results All vessel density markers decreased with increasing severity of NPDR. SCP VD and VLD demonstrated significant differences between eyes with diabetes with no retinopathy and mild NPDR (p = 0.001 and p Conclusions Changes in the SCP VD, SCP VLD, and MCP VD can distinguish severe NPDR from lower-risk stages. SCP changes may be more reliable due to their lower susceptibility to noise and projection artifacts. Thresholding OCTA images based on DCP skeletonized vessel length showed less variability in moderate and severe NPDR. Additional studies are warranted to validate this new thresholding method.
COVID-19 in Older Individuals with Cancer: Problem and Potential Solutions.

The ongoing novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has radically changed the practice of medicine as we know. Infection rates are resurging at an alarming rate (1). Older adults aged 65...
Judging character: How valence and social domain support character judgments in children and adults

Abstract Children and adults completed two experiments examining the association between social actions and character judgments. In Experiment 1, participants saw actors perform acts that varied by valence (negative or positive) and social domain (moral or conventional) and judged both the acts and the actors. Findings show that both children and adults differentiated negative moral from negative conventional acts and actors, judging the former as worse and more deserving of punishment. Adults further differentiated positive moral from positive conventional acts and actors, judging the former as better and more deserving of praise. Children did not differentiate between positive acts or actors. In Experiment 2, participants saw actors with dissimilar histories and then identified the actor most likely to perform a target act. Findings show that both children and adults showed a stronger preference toward the actor whose history matched the valence, rather than the domain, of the act. Overall, our findings suggest that past social actions shape judgments about a person’s character and that these judgments are more informed by the valence of a person’s actions than by social domain.
Recovering the Lost History of Presidential Removal Law

On March 3, 2020, the Supreme Court heard argument in Seila Law v. CFPB, the biggest removal law case since Free Enterprise Fund v. PCAOB was decided a decade ago. This short essay considers how the Court might come out based on oral argument and argues against the court's resolving the case by interpreting INM capaciously to permit the president vast removal authority.
A specific partner for abasic damage in DNA

In most models of DNA replication, Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding drives the incorporation of nucleotides into the new strand of DNA and maintains the complementarity of bases with the template strand. Studies with nonpolar analogues of thymine and adenine, however, have shown that replication is still efficient in the absence of hydrogen bonds. The replication of base pairs might also be influenced by steric exclusion, whereby inserted nucleotides need to be the correct size and shape to fit the active site against a template base. A simple steric-exclusion model may not require Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding to explain the fidelity of replication, nor should canonical purine and pyrimidine shapes be necessary for enzymatic synthesis of a base pair if each can fit into the DNA double helix without steric strain. Here we test this idea by using a pyrene nucleoside triphosphate (dPTP) in which the fluorescent 'base' is nearly as large as an entire Watson-Crick base pair. We show that the non-hydrogen-bonding dPTP is efficiently and specifically inserted by DNA polymerases opposite sites that lack DNA bases. The efficiency of this process approaches that of a natural base pair and the specificity is 10(2)-10(4)-fold. We use these properties to sequence abasic lesions in DNA, which are a common form of DNA damage in vivo. In addition to their application in identifying such genetic lesions, our results show that neither hydrogen bonds nor purine and pyrimidine structures are required to form a base pair with high efficiency and selectivity. These findings confirm that steric complementarity is an important factor in the fidelity of DNA synthesis.
The Public Housing Tenancy: Variation on the Common Law that Give Security of Tenure and Control

This Article explores the character of the public housing tenancy, comparing it with the common law tenancy under private lease law and evaluating the degree to which private lease law will protect the interests of low-income families if current proposals to abolish existing in-kind housing programs are adopted. Part II of this Article traces the history of federally funded housing programs and describes the various strategies employed. Part III discusses the recent changes in modern private lease law and recounts the basic rights and obligations of the landlord and tenant, which define and govern the rights of low-income families under a cash allowance program. Part IV describes the evolution of the public housing tenancy and demonstrates how its development has outpaced that of the common law tenancy. Part V explores the legal and social policy implications of dismantling the in-kind housing programs. Part VI concludes that the public housing tenancy is necessary to protect public housing tenants from victimization under private lease law.
"The Immense Odds Against the Fossil’s Occurrence": The Poetry of Christopher Dewdney as Materialist Historiography

Of central importance to the poetry of Christopher Dewdney is the historicity of nature, and, chiasmatically, the nature of history. This importance is often overlooked by critics, who tend to bypass the historical dimension of Dewdney's writing in favour of an atemporal solipsism. Such an approach, which sees his poetry as documenting "the solipsism of consciousness" (Hepburn 32), lessens the historical impact of the work and instead emphasizes a "Dream of Self " as the centripetal force of Dewdney's writing. The complex interplay of nature and history in Dewdney's poetry is frequently subordinated in favour of more ahistorical or postmodern theoretical approaches. Analogies are often made between Dewdney's writing and the atemporal theoretical applications of quantum mechanics, Lacanian psychoanalysis, and neurobiology. These approaches have led critics to see his poetry as a site wherein temporality is "thought to occur simultaneously," effectively neutralizing the complex historical juxtapositions that his texts create.
Three-Dimensional Target Visualization from Wide-Angle IFSAR Data

This paper considers the problem of developing three-dimensional (3-D) spatial representations of objects by processing wide-angle radar measurements of that object. It proposes an approach in which a sparse sampling of data is obtained such that multiple interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR) image pairs are obtained, each using a modest angular aperture. Each IFSAR image pair is used to extract 3-D scattering locations and attributes, and these points are noncoherently combined to form object reconstructions. Volume-rendering methods are employed to represent these spatial points and their attributes. Reconstruction results are presented using synthetically generated wideangle scattering data of a backhoe.
Pressurized Hydraulic Mounts for Improved Isolation of Vehicle Cabs

Amortisseurs hydrauliques avec air sous pression pour ameliorer l'isolation des cabines de vehicules
Complications with massive sacrococcygeal tumor resection on a premature neonate

Resection of large sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCT) in neonates can pose many anesthetic challenges. The pathophysiology of the SCT determines the varying management. We present a case report of a 34-week newborn with a massive Altman type 3 SCT. The surgery was delayed 2 days because of hyperkalemia; however, as a result of continued tumor lysis the patient’s condition had worsened with little improvement of the potassium level. During the surgery, the patient had issues of bleeding needing massive transfusion. Ventilation was also difficult at times because of the massive tumor resting on the chest, resulting in respiratory acidosis. We also had difficulty in maintaining the temperature. This patient did well after the surgery and was discharged home. We address here the anesthetic issues involved in the perioperative care management of a premature infant with a massive SCT.
An analysis of the opening mechanisms of Exchange Traded Fund markets

Abstract We examine the opening of Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) markets in a multimarket trading environment. We find that the opening trades on the American Stock Exchange (AMEX) are the most costly. This result is consistent with the market power hypothesis which suggests that the specialists use their informational advantage about the order imbalance at the open or take advantage of the inelastic demand at the open by imposing wider spreads. We also find that the transparent opening mechanisms of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and Electronic Communication Networks (ECNs) enable them to facilitate greater price discovery at the opening and to have more efficient opening prices. This result implies that the transparency effect dominates the market power effect. Further, we find that peripheral markets do not passively free ride on information revealed through the AMEX because their opening trades contribute significantly to the price discovery process.
Hope and the Act of Informed Dialogue: A Delicate Balance at End of Life

As a scholar who has focused on health communication, including end-of-life issues, for over 25 years, I found myself confronted by serious ethical dilemmas when I spent time with my sister-in-law ...
INSTABILITIES IN A COAXIAL PLASMA GUN

from stages of ionization corresponding to intermediate temperatures either in the corona or in the solar flares. Even the radiation from the high temperature (30,000°) part of the chromosphere has been found to be weaker than expected. This has led to a picture of the chromosphere in which the higher temperature is limited to a great number of small jets, called spicules. One of the most interesting satellite observations of the EUV has been the observation made by the NASA group with a spectrometer on the orbiting solar observatory. They find that the intensities of some of the EUV lines, in particular the resonance lines of FeXVI, increase sharply at the time of a solar flare. Since this instrument looks at the whole sun, while the flare only covers a small fraction of the sun, the increase in the flare region really must be very large. It will be extremely interesting to compare optical observations of the flare spectrum with the data from the orbiting solar observatory. I have tried to give a general outline of coronal problems which may be studied simultaneously from the ground and from above the atmosphere. It is to be hoped that this study will prove a fruitful source of new knowledge about the solar atmosphere.
An automated model-based debugging approach

Program debugging is a difficult and time-consuming task. Our ultimate goal in this work is to help developers reduce the space of potential root causes for failures, which can, in turn, improve the turn around time for bug fixes. We propose a novel and very different approach. Rather then focusing on how a program behaves by analyzing its source code and/or execution traces, we concentrate on how it should behave with respect to a given behavioral model. We identify and verify slices of the behavior model, that, once implemented wrong in the program, can potentially lead to failures. Not only do we identify functional differences between the programand its model, but we also provide a ranked list of diagnoses which might explain (or be associated with) these differences. Our experiments suggest that the proposed approach can be quite effective in reducing the search space for potential root causes for failures
Assessment of fearless dominance and impulsive antisociality via normal personality measures: Convergent validity, criterion validity, and developmental change.

This report provides evidence for the reliability, validity, and developmental course of the psychopathic personality traits (factors) of Fearless Dominance (FD) and Impulsive Antisociality (IA) as assessed by items from the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ; Patrick, Curtin, & Tellegen, 2002). In Study 1, MPQ-based measures of FD and IA were strongly correlated with their corresponding composite scores from the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (Lilienfeld & Widows, 2005). In Study 2, FD and IA had relatively distinct associations with measures of normal and maladaptive personality traits. In Study 3, FD and IA had substantial retest coefficients during the transition to adulthood, and both traits showed average declines with an especially substantial drop in IA. In Study 4, FD and IA were correlated with measures of internalizing and externalizing problems in ways consistent with previous research and theory. Collectively, these results provide important information about the assessment of FD and IA.
The impact of urbanization on seasonal hydrologic and nutrient budgets of a small North American watershed

Present day hydrologic and nutrient budgets have been measured and presettlement budgets estimated for a small urban watershed in Madison, Wisconsin. The importance of different seasons and sources to the total loading were compared for past and present conditions. The seasonal budget revealed that while spring contributes the greatest loadings in both scenarios, summer exhibits the greatest change in loadings from past to present. As for sources this seepage lake receives most of its water and N from groundwater; however, most P comes from surface runoff. The greatest impact on the watershed since settlement appears to be the large increase in runoff matched by a decrease in evapotranspiration and subsurface flow. This shift in hydrology is largely responsible for the substantial increase in P loading and the decrease in the N : P ratio of total loading. The significance of the lake's modified morphometry to areal and volumetric loading is also explored.
A Nonlinear Controller Design Method for Fuel-Injected Automotive Engines

Conception d'un systeme de commande non lineaire pour un moteur d'automobile a injection de carburant
Electrochemical reduction of (1R,2r,3S,4R,5r,6S)-hexachlorocyclohexane (Lindane) at silver cathodes in organic and aqueous–organic media

Abstract In the present work, the electrocatalytic ability of a silver cathode to dechlorinate Lindane (1 R ,2 r ,3 S ,4 R ,5 r ,6 S -hexachlorocyclohexane) in acetonitrile (ACN), dimethylformamide (DMF), ethanol (EtOH), and 50:50 organic–water mixtures (by volume), each containing 0.050 M tetra- n -butylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBABF 4 ) as supporting electrolyte, has been investigated with the aid of cyclic voltammetry and controlled-potential (bulk) electrolysis. For each solvent system, a cyclic voltammogram for direct reduction of Lindane exhibits a single cathodic peak at a silver electrode with a peak potential (vs. a saturated calomel electrode, SCE) of −1.40 V (ACN), −1.43 V (DMF), −1.50 V (EtOH), −0.89 V (50:50 ACN–H 2 O), −0.94 V (50:50 DMF–H 2 O), and −0.90 V (50:50 EtOH–H 2 O). Bulk electrolytic reduction of Lindane at a silver gauze cathode, held at a potential that is 150 mV more negative than each of the preceding peak potentials, affords predominantly benzene (60–100% yield) in a six-electron process; however, in a pure ACN or EtOH medium, chlorobenzene is found in significant yield after an electrolysis. When bulk reduction of Lindane is carried out in pure ACN at a potential 350 mV more negative than the peak potential, no chlorobenzene is detected. Pentachlorocyclohexene, tetrachlorocyclohexene, three isomers of trichlorobenzene, and three isomers of dichlorobenzene have been identified as intermediates in the reduction of Lindane in ACN. Reduction of Lindane involves a combination of one- and two-electron cleavage of carbon–chlorine bonds. Due to its ability to serve as an effective proton donor, water (when added to ACN, DMF, and EtOH) promotes the complete conversion of Lindane to benzene.
Ionotropically Gelled Bicontinuous Cubic Phase as a Matrix for Controlled Release

Release studies from a lipid-based matrix, known as the bicontinuous cubic phase, are presented. This matrix consists of nano-sized pores within which various proteins and drugs can be dispersed and subsequently released to the exterior. To control the release rate, the aqueous pores of the cubic phase were gelled using sodium alginate, a water soluble polysaccharide. Studies show that the release rate is significantly lowered upon gelation and the first order release profile exhibited by the ungelled cubic phase is converted to a zeroorder linear profile. Further, it has been shown that the release trends can be reversed by degelation. This opens up the possibility of releasing large quantities of the protein when required (drugs on demand concept) by degelling the gelled samples.
Characterization of clutter in SAR imagery using extended self-similar (ESS) processes

The utility of multiscale Hurst features are determined for segmentation of clutter in SAR imagery. These multiscale Hurst features represent a generalization of the Hurst parameter for fractional Brownian motion (fBm) where these new features measure texture roughness at various scales. A clutter segmentation algorithm is described using only these new Hurst parameters as features. The performance of the algorithm was tested on measured one foot resolution SAR data, and the results are comparable to other algorithms proposed in the literature. The advantage of the multiscale Hurst features is that they can be computed quickly and they can discriminate clutter well in unprocessed single polarization magnitude detected SAR imagery.
Delayed visual locus approach of destriate tree shrews (Tupaia glis).

Abstract The possibility of a functional parallel between auditory and visual cortices in the mediation of spatial localization was studied by using the auditory locus approach to test visual localization capacity of destriate tree shrews. Intact and destriate tree shrews were trained for food reward in a semicircular six-choice apparatus. They were initially trained to approach a compound visual-auditory stimulus and then were transferred to either auditory or visual stimuli. Transfer from compound to visual stimuli was immediate, whereas transfer to auditory stimuli was at chance for prolonged periods. All animals were therefore tested on visual stimuli only. With establishment of criterion performance on these continuous visual stimuli which were present until the completion of the response, evaluation of the memory component of the localization task was begun by the gradual introduction of a delay between the stimulus offset and response completion. A constant stimulus duration of 2 s was maintained for all delays. Intact and destriate tree shrews performed similarly under the delay conditions: Both groups showed a marked decline in performance at the 0.5-s delay and went to chance (20% correct) when the delay between stimulus offset and release reached 1.0 or 2.0 s. Spatial localization of visual stimuli with or without an imposed delay is not impaired in the tree shrew after lesions limited closely to striate cortex. These results have implications for those in the literature which reflected visuospatial deficits with visual cortex damage.
Precision measurements with high-energy neutrino beams

Neutrino-scattering measurements offer a unique tool for probing the electroweak and strong interactions as described by the standard model. Electroweak measurements are accessible through the comparison of neutrino neutral- and charged-current scattering. These measurements are complementary to other electroweak measurements due to differences in the radiative corrections both within and outside the standard model. Neutrino-scattering measurements also provide a precise method for measuring the ${F}_{2}{(x,Q}^{2})$ and ${\mathrm{xF}}_{3}{(x,Q}^{2})$ structure functions. The predicted ${\mathrm{Q}}^{2}$ evolution can be used to test perturbative quantum chromodynamics as well as to measure the strong-coupling constant ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}$ and the valence, sea, and gluon parton distributions. In addition, neutrino charm production, which can be determined from the observed dimuon events, allows the strange-quark sea to be investigated along with measurements of the CKM matrix element $|{V}_{\mathrm{cd}}|$ and the charm quark mass.
Booms and busts in the deep

Abstract Deep sea (5 km) pressure and velocity at the Hawaii-2 Observatory (H2O), midway between Hawaii and California, exhibit a number of remarkable features that are interpreted using the Longuet–Higgins theory of acoustic radiation from oppositely directed surface waves. A change in the slope of the bottom spectra near 5 Hz can be associated with a transition near 2.5 Hz (25-cm wavelength) of the surface wave spectrum from the classical κ−4 saturated (wind independent) Phillips spectrum to a distinct band of ultragravity waves. Bottom spectra are remarkably stable. Occasional 15-dB busts in the gravities and booms in the ultragravities are prominent features in the bottom records and can be associated with calms and storms at the sea surface. For strong winds, two broad lobes in the directional spectrum of the gravity waves are nearly perpendicular to the wind; as the wind drops, the lobes become narrower and more nearly aligned with the wind, leading to busts.
ELECTRON LASER FACILITY (ELF) AT THE LLNL ETA

A high gain mm wave tapered wiggler Free Electron Laser (FEL) amplifier has been designed and is under construction at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The 5 MeV Experimental Test Accelerator (ETA) will be used as the electron source. The ELF design will be presented, along with predicted performance, at 2, 4 and 8 mm.
The Diameter and Albedo of Asteroid 1976 AA

Abstract We present a radiometric observation of asteroid 1976 AA, and formulate a simple model for the infrared thermal phase function so that our data can be compared with similar measurements made at different phase angles. The radiometric diameter of 1976 AA from our observation is 940 +200 −100 meters and the geometric albedo is 0.18 ± 0.06, in satisfactory agreement with another published radiometric observation.
Leukemia in a black child with Bloom's syndrome: somatic recombination as a possible mechanism for neoplasia.

A 5 1/2-year-old black child with Bloom's syndrome developed acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Bloom's syndrome is associated with chromosomal aberrations, and affected individuals have an increased incidence of leukemia and solid tumors. The skin on our patient had adjacent areas of decreased and increased pigmentation similar to the “twin-spots” seen in Drosophila. “Twin-spots” are the manifestation of somatic cell DNA recombination and provide evidence that clones of cells in Bloom's syndrome have become homozygous for a particular gene. Somatic cell recombination is proposed as a mechanism to explain the increased incidence of neoplasia in Bloom's syndrome and supports the hypothesis that cancer may be a recessive disorder at the cellular level.
An Opportunity Not to be Missed: The Future of Comparative Law in the United States

In this paper I will argue that the fate of comparative law will be determined by its ability to function as a connecting field between law and other social sciences. I will further argue that there is no future for comparative law if its future is linked to the so-called globalization of the law. In recent years it has become fashionable to talk about the globalization of the law. A number of eminent law schools led by New York University have made clear their commitment to a global law program. In addition, a sizeable number of conferences focusing on international and comparative law have been organized, and a symposium issue of the Journal of Legal Education was devoted to the topic of globalization,l as was the 1998 AALS meeting in San Francisco. In view of this trend, the question arises: What is the future of comparative law in the global law school? The seemingly obvious answer is that comparative law will have a brilliant future in this new institutional environment. After all, comparative law scholars, since the birth of their discipline early in our century, have been claiming that the legal system does not end at the borders of the nation state. They have warned against parochialism, national positivism, state-centrism, and all the other sins that they detect in their provincial law school colleagues. Moreover, comparative law scholars are the only ones who have invested in preparing for the collapse of the nation state and the subsequent reversion to a period, much like the time of the ius commune in Europe, when the nationality of a lawyer does not matter and the law has its force not ratione imperii but, once again, imperio rationis. Rather than stemming from the State, the authority of law would flow from its intrinsic character regardless of which jurisdiction produced the law.
Do cash stockpiles fuel cash acquisitions

Abstract U.S. firms currently hold a $2 trillion cash stockpile. We examine if cash stockpiles fuel cash acquisitions by studying the method of payment decision for cash-rich firms. Surprisingly, cash-rich firms are 23% less likely to make cash bids than stock bids, relative to firms that are not cash rich. We examine several potential explanations related to omitted variable bias and endogeneity and the result remains. More specifically, the results are robust to explanations related to agency, financial constraints, tax-related explanations, equity overvaluation, and capital structure. Our evidence implies that the link between cash stockpiles and cash acquisitions is not obvious.
The importance of the monoamine oxidase inhibitors in cardiovascular disease.

Abstract Because of their antianginal and antidepressive actions, monoamine oxidase inhibitors provide appreciable benefit in 70 per cent of patients with cardiovascular disease. Increase in exercise tolerance is the most noteworthy effect. If treatment is individualized, side effects are few and easily counteracted.
Relationship Between the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Measurements and Surface Temperatures of Selected Ocean Regions

Clear sky longwave radiances and fluxes are compared with the sea surface temperatures for three oceanic regions: Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific. The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) measurements were obtained by the three thermistor bolometers: total channel which measures the radiation arising from the earth-atmosphere system between 0.3 - greater than 100 micrometers; the window channel which measures the radiation from 8-12 micrometers; and the shortwave channel which measures the reflected energy from 0.3 - less than 5.0 micrometers. These instruments have demonstrated measurement precisions of approximately 0.3% on the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) between ground and on-orbit sensor calibrations. In this work we have used eight months of clear sky earth-nadir-view radiance data starting from January 1998 through August 1998. We have found a very strong correlation of 0.97 between the CERES window channel's weekly averaged unfiltered spectral radiance values at satellite altitude (350 km) and the corresponding weekly averaged sea surface temperature (SST) data covering all the oceanic regions. Such correlation can be used in predicting the sea surface temperatures using the present CERES Terra's window channel radiances at satellite altitude very easily.
The role of integrins in tumor angiogenesis.

An understanding of the mechanisms regulating endothelial cell roles in angiogenesis has led to the development of novel anti-tumor agents directed against members of the integrin family of cell adhesion proteins. Several integrins play important roles in promoting endothelial cell migration and survival during angiogenesis. Antagonists of these integrins either suppress cell migration and invasion of endothelial cells, suppress intercellular adhesion of endothelial cells and pericytes, or induce apoptosis of endothelial cells. Integrin antagonists also block tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Currently, humanized or chimeric antibody antagonists of integrins α5β1, αvβ3 and αvβ5 and peptide inhibitors of these integrins are in clinical trials as angiogenesis-inhibiting agents for cancer therapy.
Differential Effects of Bremazocine on Oral Phencyclidine (PCP) Self-Administration in Male and Female Rhesus Monkeys

Sex differences exist in many phases of drug abuse, but few studies have focused on sex differences in drug abuse treatment. In this study, the effects of bremazocine, a kappa-opioid receptor agonist, were compared in age-matched male and female rhesus monkeys self-administering orally delivered phencyclidine (PCP). Bremazocine (0.00032. 0.001, and 0.0025 mg/kg, intramuscular) was administered for 5 consecutive days. 15 min prior to daily 3-hr sessions when PCP (0.25 mg/ml) and water were available under concurrent fixed-ratio schedules. Bremazocine dose-dependently decreased PCP-maintained responding and consumption (mg/kg) in males and females, and these measures were suppressed at a lower bremazocine dose in females than in males. The percentage reduction in PCP-maintained responding and intake (mg/kg) was significantly greater in females than it was in males at the low and middle doses of bremazocine, suggesting that females may be more responsive to kappa agonist treatment than males.
Mixed-age grouping in infant/toddler child care: Enhancing developmental processes

This article discusses the benefits of mixed-age grouping in infant/toddler child care programs. Single-age grouping limits the resources available in the room and disrupts developmental processes as young children move from room to room. Benefits of mixed-age grouping are discussed in terms of the children, parents, and teachers.
Toxic keratopathy-related corneal dehydration after laser in situ keratomileusis

A 33-year-old woman had progressive blurred vision 2 weeks after uneventful laser in situ keratomileusis surgery. Initial satisfactory uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was complicated by postoperative dry eye and drug toxicity. Slitlamp biomicroscopy revealed diffuse punctate epithelial keratitis and inferior corneal epithelial defect with rolled-up epithelium on the flaps and the inferior unoperated cornea in both eyes. Diffuse inflammatory cell infiltrates were evident in the stroma. Stromal thinning was evident on serial Orbscan (Bausch & Lomb) and pachymetry examinations, and a hyperopic shift of almost +6 diopters was observed in the refractive error in both eyes. These examinations showed a gradual recovery of stromal thickness after copious hydration with balanced salt solution. The UCVA was 1.0 in both eyes after corneal rehydration.