cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Attack of the Apps: Helping facilitate online learning with mobile devices

Can iPad apps help facilitate online learning? Naomi McGrath, Educational Development and Communications Officer at the UNE Business School, University of New England, answers this question with a reviews of four apps. It is her hope that using by incorporating mobile apps in the classroom, instructors can improve enable communication to external students. These specific apps have either been used as a “gadget” to help provide support when teaching, assist with ease of access, or used within an LMS to collaborate information and share with other open source software available online.
Measuring the Higgs boson self-coupling at the large hadron collider

Inclusive standard model Higgs boson pair production and subsequent decay to same-sign dileptons via weak gauge W+/- bosons at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has the capability to determine the Higgs boson self-coupling, lambda. The large top quark mass limit is found not to be a good approximation for the signal if one wishes to utilize differential distributions in the analysis. We find that it should be possible at the LHC with design luminosity to establish that the standard model Higgs boson has a nonzero self-coupling and that lambda/lambda(SM) can be restricted to a range of 0-3.7 at 95% confidence level if its mass is between 150 and 200 GeV.
Diagnosing the permanent vegetative state.

Neurologists need to understand and be able to identify the most distinguishing features of permanent vegetative state. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Hormone receptor complexes and their modulation of membrane function.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the problems in the study of hormone receptors and their modulation of membrane function. Because physiological membrane receptors are present in extremely small quantity in membranes, the hormone must be labeled to very high specific activity without destroying the biological activity of the hormone. Virtually, all chemical compounds used as binding ligands exhibit some nonspecific adsorptive or binding properties to a variety of inert and non-receptor biological materials, and such binding may be of extremely high affinity and the number of such nonspecific binding sites may greatly exceed that of specific receptors, therefore, great difficulties may be encountered in detecting such specific receptors. The general approach in these studies has been to measure the interaction, binding, of a radioactively labeled hormone with intact target cells or with isolated membrane preparations derived from such cells. The binding is presumed to reflect specific receptor interactions if it demonstrates the following characteristics: (1) strict structural and steric specificity, (2) saturability that indicates a finite and limited number of binding sites, (3) tissue specificity in accord with biological target cell sensitivity, (4) high affinity in harmony with the physiological concentrations of the hormone, and (5) reversibility that is kinetically consistent with the reversal of the physiological effects observed upon removal of the hormone from the medium.
Fathers and families.

This chapter shows that fathers and families are embedded in a network of biological and neurological systems, and the biological basis of fathering. There are overall differences in the quantity of involvement for mothers and fathers, and there are important stylistic or qualitative differences as well. Interaction refers to the father’s direct contact with his child through caregiving and shared activities. Availability is a related concept concerning the father’s potential availability for interaction, by virtue of being present or accessible to the child whether direct interaction is occurring. Most attention in the research literature has been devoted to the study of fathers in two-parent intact families. The historical view of the African American father as absent or uninvolved in the lives of their children is no longer valid, and work has corrected the scholarly neglect of this large ethnic minority group.
Exploratory and mechanistic phenylallene photochemistry: protic solvent additions, isomerizations, and reactions of photogenerated radical cations

ion from CH3OH by 16; (c) a "conducted tour" type mechanism (26b). Theoretical studies of path (a) suggest this to have a high (> 30 kcal/mol) activation energy (lib), as might be expected from the linear geometries for aliene and propyne radical cations. Intramolecular hydrogen transfer requires substantial bending. Parr and co-workers have suggested (4c,d) substantial isomerization of aliene to propyne radical cation, although results of Wiersig e^ al_. (4a) and of Wagner et (4b) argue against this. Path (b), hydrogen abstraction by a propargyl radical to yield an aliene, does have precedent. For example, reduction of 3-chloropropyne with (nBu)3SnH yields propyne and aliene in a ratio of 5.9:1 (31). Path (c) might be similar to the "conducted tour" mechanism for base catalyzed isomerization of 5-d to 4-d, which was reported some years ago by Cram and co-workers (26b). Treatment of 5-d with CHgOH/CHgONa yielded aliene which retained 18% of deuterium. A higher degree of intramolecularity was observed under other conditions. In the present case, the contact radical ion pair DCN-~ 5'^ loses a proton to afford an effectively termolecular complex with CH3OHD+. If back electron transfer from DCN-" is sufficiently rapid, which seems likely in view of its efficiency, then reprotonation by the same CH3OHD+ molecule might compete with diffusion. This transfer benefits from an isotope effect, since CH3OHD+ should preferentially transfer H"*" rather than D"*".
Almost Periodic Solutions of the Equation x′ = Ax + f in Locally Convex Spaces

As an application of results obtained in Chapter 3, we will study conditions for almost periodicity of solutions of the linear differential equations x′(t) = Ax(t) + f(t), t ∈ ℝ and the associated homogeneous equation in locally convex spaces. We will start with the case of a bounded linear operator A and then study the general case of an infinitesimal generator of an equicontinuous C 0-group of linear operators.
Quality improvement in pediatric intensive care: A systematic review of the literature.

Importance: Measuring and improving performance is an essential component of any high-risk industry, including intensive care medicine. We undertook this systematic review to describe the current state of quality improvement efforts in pediatric intensive care medicine. Objective: To evaluate the quality and rigor of all published literature on quality improvement efforts in the pediatric intensive care unit in the current era. Methods: We conducted a literature search on MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane for studies that met two broad inclusion criteria: 1) the terms "pediatric critical care" and "quality improvement" and 2) they were completed in the past ten years. In the initial search, we also included academic and professional societies or organizations devoted to providing resources on quality improvement in intensive care medicine. We excluded studies that examined quality improvement processes exclusively for neonatal or adult patients receiving intensive care. Results: Forty-nine of 332 identified articles were selected for final review by two reviewers who independently rated the quality of the methodology and rigor of the evidence reported for each study. Of these, 23 studies targeted structural issues, 14 studies targeted process issues, and 12 targeted an outcome as the focus of the intensive care quality improvement effort. Interpretation: Our review of the published literature on quality improvement efforts in the pediatric intensive care unit in the current era found that 85% of studies were limited in methodology or analysis. Fifteen high-quality studies are reported here and serve as helpful examples of rigorous research methodology in this domain going forward. Key words: Quality improvement; Systematic review; Pediatric intensive care; Critical care medicine
Rotational transition, domain formation, dislocations, and defects in vortex systems with combined sixfold and twelvefold anisotropic interactions

We introduce a phenomenological model for a pairwise repulsive interaction potential of vortices in a type-II superconductor, consisting of superimposed sixfold and twelvefold anisotropies. Using numerical simulations we study how the vortex lattice configuration varies as the magnitudes of the two anisotropic interaction terms change. A triangular lattice appears for all values, and rotates through ${30}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ as the ratio of the sixfold and twlevefold anisotropy amplitudes is varied, in agreement with experimental results. The transition causes the vortex lattice to split into domains that have rotated clockwise or counterclockwise, with grain boundaries that are ``decorated'' by dislocations consisting of fivefold and sevenfold coordinated vortices. We also find intradomain dislocations and defects, and characterize them in terms of their energy cost. We discuss how this model could be generalized to other particle-based systems with anisotropic interactions, such as colloids, and consider the limit of very large anisotropy where it is possible to create cluster crystal states.
A brief chronology of Virtual Reality.

In this article, we are going to review a brief history of the field of Virtual Reality (VR), VR systems, and applications and discuss how they evolved. After that, we will familiarize ourselves with the essential components of VR experiences and common VR terminology. Finally, we discuss the evolution of ubiquitous VR as a subfield of VR and its current trends.
Designs and methods for implementation research: Advancing the mission of the CTSA program

Introduction: The US National Institutes of Health (NIH) established the Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program in response to the challenges of translating biomedical and behavioral interventions from discovery to real-world use. To address the challenge of translating evidence-based interventions (EBIs) into practice, the field of implementation science has emerged as a distinct discipline. With the distinction between EBI effectiveness research and implementation research comes differences in study design and methodology, shifting focus from clinical outcomes to the systems that support adoption and delivery of EBIs with fidelity. Methods: Implementation research designs share many of the foundational elements and assumptions of efficacy/effectiveness research. Designs and methods that are currently applied in implementation research include experimental, quasi-experimental, observational, hybrid effectiveness–implementation, simulation modeling, and configurational comparative methods. Results: Examples of specific research designs and methods illustrate their use in implementation science. We propose that the CTSA program takes advantage of the momentum of the field's capacity building in three ways: 1) integrate state-of-the-science implementation methods and designs into its existing body of research; 2) position itself at the forefront of advancing the science of implementation science by collaborating with other NIH institutes that share the goal of advancing implementation science; and 3) provide adequate training in implementation science. Conclusions: As implementation methodologies mature, both implementation science and the CTSA program would greatly benefit from cross-fertilizing expertise and shared infrastructures that aim to advance healthcare in the USA and around the world.
The diurnal ethology of the adult green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare, in senescing soybeans.

A preliminary behavioral catalogue of the adult green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say), was developed from observations taken in a field of senescing soybeans. A total of 20 behaviors were described, and the effects of sex and time of day on these behaviors were quantified. Behaviors were categorized as resting, componential movements, grooming, feeding, excretion, positional orientation, and locomotion. Sex significantly influenced the duration of time spent in lifted and tilted postures and resting both on pods and with conspecifics and the proportion of time spent in a lifted posture, resting on all substrates, antennal waving, shifting, and walking. Time of day significantly influenced the duration of time spent in a tilted posture, basking, and walking and the proportion of time spent in a lifted posture, resting on all substrates, antennal waving and quivering, shifting, walking, and flying. The functions of the behaviors were either implicit or inferred from current understanding of pentatomid b...
Differential access to neuropsychological evaluation in children with perinatal complications or autism spectrum disorder: Impact of sociodemographic factors

Early childhood evaluation can identify deficits related to disruptions in early brain development and facilitate interventions. Access to care may differ by race/ethnicity or socioeconomic status....
Isolated Dorsal Dislocations of the Fourth and Fifth Carpometacarpal Joints: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Dislocations of the carpometacarpal (CMC) joints without fracture are rare injuries. They commonly involve the fourth and fifth metacarpals of the dominant hand. Missed and incorrect diagnoses are quite frequent due to subtle clinical and radiological findings. Untreated cases may result in chronic disability due to long term pain and weakness in grip strength. Closed reduction is possible when performed early but can be unstable. We present a rare case of unstable dislocation of fourth and fifth carpometacarpal joints treated by closed reduction and percutaneous pinning.
River network travel time is correlated with dissolved organic matter composition in rivers of the contiguous United States

Most terrestrial allochthonous organic matter enters river networks through headwater streams during high flow events. In headwaters, allochthonous inputs are substantial and variable, but become less important in streams and rivers with larger watersheds. As allochthonous dissolved organic matter (DOM) moves downstream, the proportion of less aromatic organic matter with autochthonous characteristics increases. How environmental factors converge to control this transformation of DOM at a continental scale is less certain. We hypothesized that the amount of time water has spent travelling through surface waters of inland systems (streams, rivers, lakes, and reservoirs) is correlated to DOM composition. To test this hypothesis, we used established river network scaling relationships to predict relative river network flow‐weighted travel time (FWTT) of water for 60 stream and river sites across the contiguous United States (3090 discrete samples over 10 water years). We estimated lentic contribution to travel times with upstream in‐network lake and reservoir volume. DOM composition was quantified using ultraviolet and visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. A combination of FWTT and lake and reservoir volume was the best overall predictor of DOM composition among models that also incorporated discharge, specific discharge, watershed area, and upstream channel length. DOM spectral slope ratio (R² = 0.77) and Freshness Index (R² = 0.78) increased and specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (R² = 0.68) and Humification Index (R² = 0.44) decreased across sites as a function of FWTT and upstream lake volume. This indicates autochthonous‐like DOM becomes continually more dominant in waters with greater FWTT. We assert that river FWTT can be used as a metric of the continuum of DOM composition from headwaters to rivers. The nature of the changes to DOM composition detected suggest this continuum is driven by a combination of photo‐oxidation, biological processes, hydrologically varying terrestrial subsidies, and aged groundwater inputs.
Optimized Resonators for Piezoelectric Power Conversion

The performance of inductors at high frequencies and small sizes is one of the largest limiting factors in the continued miniaturization of dc-dc converters. Piezoelectric resonators can have a very high quality factor and provide an inductive impedance between their series and parallel resonant frequencies, making them a promising technology for further miniaturizing dc-dc converters. In this paper we analyze the impact of resonator parameters on the performance of the piezoelectric resonator based dc-dc converter, derive the optimal load impedance and efficiency limits, and analyze the impacts of varying conversion ratio and load impedance. This work is accompanied by a prototype dc-dc converter using a piezoelectric resonator fabricated from lithium niobate. The piezoelectric resonator has a quality factor of 4178 and a coupling coefficient, $k_t^2$ , of 29%. The converter is able to achieve high efficiency zero voltage switching and a continuously variable conversion ratio without the use of any discrete inductors. It achieves a maximum power output of 30.9 W at an efficiency of 95.2% with a power density of 6.76 $\frac{\text {W}}{\text {cm}^3}$ .
Reducing CVBEM Approximation Relative Error

In the previous chapters, the complex variable boundary element method (CVBEM) is used to develop an approximation function \(\hat{\omega}(\rm z)\) which is analytic in the interior of the domain Ω UΓ e P, where the boundary Γ is a simply connected contour. The function \(\hat{\omega}(\rm z)\), therefore, exactly satisfies the Laplace equation in Ω and generally approximates the boundary conditions on Γ. Let ω(z) be the solution of the boundary value problem (Laplace equation) on Ω UΓ. Then a relative error function is defined on Ω UΓ by \(\rm e(z)=\omega(z)-\hat{\omega}(z)\). Should e(z) = 0 on Γ, then \(\hat{\omega}(\rm z)=\omega(\rm z)\) on Ω UΓ.
Decentralized probabilistic density control of autonomous swarms with safety constraints

This paper presents a Markov chain based approach for the probabilistic density control of a large number, swarm, of autonomous agents. The proposed approach specifies the time evolution of the probabilistic density distribution by using a Markov chain, which guides the swarm to a desired steady-state distribution, while satisfying the prescribed ergodicity, motion, and safety constraints. This paper generalizes our previous results on density upper bound constraints and captures a general class of linear safety constraints that bound the flow of agents. The safety constraints are formulated as equivalent linear inequality conditions on the Markov chain matrices by using the duality theory of convex optimization which is our first contribution. With the safety constraints, we can facilitate proper low-level conflict avoidance policies to compute and execute the detailed agent state trajectories. Our second contribution is to develop (i) linear matrix inequality based offline methods, and (ii) quadratic programming based online methods that can incorporate these constraints into the Markov chain synthesis. The offline method provides a feasible solution for Markov matrix when there is no density feedback. The online method utilizes realtime estimates of the swarm density distribution to continuously update the Markov matrices to maximize the convergence rates within the problem constraints. The paper also introduces a decentralized method to compute the density estimates needed for the online synthesis method.
Relationship Between Acculturation and Attitudes Toward Gay Men and Lesbians in the Vietnamese American Community

We examined the impact of acculturation on attitudes toward gay men and lesbians in the Vietnamese American community. We recruited 114 Vietnamese American participants at a large community organization. The Suinn–Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale (Suinn, 1992) was used to measure participants' acculturation levels, while the Attitudes Toward Lesbian and Gay Men Scale (Herek, 2004) was used to measure participants' attitudes toward homosexuality. It was hypothesized that Vietnamese Americans with higher levels of acculturation would have more positive attitudes toward homosexuality. The results supported this hypothesis. Additionally, we found a complicated pattern of results explaining attitudes based on acculturation level, age, and gender.
Entropy dimensions of the hyperspace of compact sets

Let \((X,\rho)\) be a metric space, let \((\mathcal{K}(X),\widetilde{\rho})\) denote the space of non-empty compact subsets of \(X\) with the Hausdorff metric, and let \(E \subset X\). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between the entropy dimensions of \(E\) and of \(\mathcal{K}(E)\).
Grandparents Raising Grandchildren and the Implications for Inheritance

Today in the United States, thousands of grandparents are raising their young grandchildren because the children's parents are ill, disabled, imprisoned, or otherwise unable to care for them. This can create problems if the grandparents have not done any estate planning, since intestacy laws mandate that children, rather than grandchildren, receive a decedent's assets in intestacy. This article offers an analysis of the statistical data on how many grandparents are raising their grandchildren, which is part of a broader trend of children being raised by non-parental relatives, or "kinship care." This data is further analyzed to determine the likelihood that these grandparents have estate plans. Then, the article discusses the posibility of expanding existing legal doctrines, including equitable adoption and pretermitted child statutes, to solve these types of problems. It also discusses the possibility of adopting a family maintenance system, already in place in New Zealand, Australia, England, and many Canadian provinces, in the United States. The article concludes by discussing what might be the best, and simplest, solution in this situation: having the grandparent either write a will or provide a gift under the Uniform Transfer to Minors Act (UTMA).
Coat protein-mediated resistance to isolates of barley yellow dwarf in oats and barley.

Tissue cultures of GAF30/Park oats were biolistically co-transformed with constructs containing the coat protein (CP) genes of the P-PAV, MAV-PS1 or NY-RPV isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), together with a construct containing the bar gene for herbicide resistance and the uidA reporter gene. Transformed, herbicide-resistant tissue cultures were screened by PCR for the presence of the CP genes. Fertile regenerated plants were recovered from some CP-transformed tissue cultures. T1 progeny of these plants were screened for resistance to the BYDV isolate corresponding to the introduced gene by inoculation with viruliferous aphids followed by ELISA tests. Variation in ELISA values for GAF30/Park control plants made interpretation of the data difficult, but oat plants resistant to each of the three isolates of BYDV (ELISA values less than 0.3; virus titers equivalent to less than 25% of infected controls) were identified in T1 generations. Further testing of MAV-PS1 CP-transformed lines to the T2 generation, NY-RPV CP-transformed lines to the T3 generation and P-PAV CP-transformed lines to the T4 generation identified further resistant plants. Similarly, immature embryos and calli of the barley cultivar Golden Promise were biolistically bombarded with constructs containing the CP gene of the P-PAV isolate of BYDV and the bar and uidA reporter genes, lines of self-fertile P-PAV CP-transformed barley plants were developed, and T1plants were screened for resistance to P-PAV. Eight plants from six lines showed moderate to high levels of resistance to P-PAV that correlated with the presence of the CP gene. Plants giving low ELISA values were also found in other lines, even though the CP gene was not detected in these plants. Some T2 plants derived from resistant parents that contained the CP gene were themselves highly resistant.
An investigation of a sympathetic innervation of the vertebral artery in primates: is there a neurogenic substrate for vasoconstriction?

Vasoconstriction of the vertebral artery may be neurogenic in origin. Although the existence of a perivascular sympathetic plexus of the vertebral artery is not in doubt, no method used to date has conclusively demonstrated a direct sympathetic innervation of the vascular smooth muscle cells and, hence, vasomotor function. It was the aim of this study, therefore, to visualise and localise noradrenergic fibres in the wall of the vertebral artery. Intracranial vertebral artery specimens (10 vervet monkeys and 10 baboon vessels) were sectioned (40 μm serial sections) and treated with anti-tyrosine hydroxylase, anti-dopamine β-hydroxylase, and antichromogranin-A antibodies. Some evidence of catecholaminergic fibres in the tunica adventitia but not penetrating the external elastic lamina or tunica media of the vertebral artery wall was seen. These findings were confirmed by electron microscopy. It was concluded that although a perivascular sympathetic plexus exists, the vertebral artery of primates was not shown to have a direct sympathetic innervation and a neurogenic vasoconstrictor function is unlikely.
Phosphorescence, Fluorescence, and Chemiluminescence in Clinical Chemistry

Molecular luminescence spectroscopy, including fluorescence, phosphorescence, and chemiluminescence (CL), is among the most sensitive of analytical methods. Its use in clinical chemistry has been extensive since the late 1950s and is constantly expanding. Modern separation and immunoassay methods coupled with luminescence detection have revolutionized the detection and determination of endogenous substances, xenobiotics, and their metabolites. Newer techniques such as time-resolved fluorimetry and phosphorimetry, detection by fiber-optic sensors, and derivatization with infrared (IR)-emitting dyes are expanding the range of clinical analysis into new realms of analytical selectivity, sensitivity, and expediency on a scale unimagined until recently. This article considers some of the aspects of fluorescence, phosphorescence, and CL spectroscopy that have contributed to important recent advances in clinical analysis.
Turbine and Compressor Cascade Flow Forces

The last chapter was dedicated to the energy transfer within turbomachinery stages. The stage mechanical energy production or consumption in turbines and compressors were treated from a unified point of view by introducing a set of dimensionless parameters. As shown in Chapter 4, the mechanical energy, and therefore the stage power, is the result of the scalar product between the moment of momentum acting on the rotor and the angular velocity. The moment of momentum in turn was brought about by the forces acting on rotor blades. The blade forces are obtained by applying the conservation equation of linear momentum to the turbine or compressor cascade under investigation. In this chapter, we first assume an inviscid flow for which we establish the relationship between the lift force and circulation. Then, we consider the viscosity effect that causes friction or drag forces on the blading.
Use of Automated Ball Indentation Testing to Measure Flow Properties and Estimate Fracture Toughness in Metallic Materials

A field indentation microprobe (FIM) apparatus was developed (and patented) to evaluate, nondestructively in situ, the integrity of metallic structures. This study investigated the applicability of using a new automated ball indentation (ABI) test, which is a major part of the FIM, to measure the flow properties of metallic materials including those exhibiting Lueders or inhomogeneous strains (carbon steels, titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, etc.) and to estimate their fracture toughness. The ABI test is based on multiple indentations (at the same penetration location) of a polished metallic surface by a spherical indenter. Automation of the test, where a computer and test controller were used in innovative ways to control the test as well as to analyze test data, made it simple, rapid, accurate, economical, and reproducible. Results of ABI tests on different metals, welds, and irradiated materials are presented and discussed in this paper. Excellent agreement was obtained between ABI-derived data and those from standard ASTM uniaxial tensile and fracture toughness tests. 17 refs., 20 figs., 2 tabs.
Absolute Absorption Cross Section Measurements of Ozone

Laboratory measurements of the absolute absorption cross section of ozone at the temperatures 195 K, 228 K and 293 K have been made at several discrete wavelengths in the region 281–335 nm. Our results for ozone at 293 K are in excellent agreement with those of Hearn [Proc. Phys. Soc. Lond. 78, 932 (1961)], who used a different technique. Our absolute cross section measurements of ozone at 195 K have been used to put our recent relative cross section measurements [D.E. Freeman, K. Yoshino, J.R. Esmond and W.H. Parkinson, Planet. Space Sci. 32, 239 (1984)] on a firm absolute basis throughout the region 281–335 nm.
Packing measure of the sample paths of fractional Brownian motion

Let X(t) (t ∈ R) be a fractional Brownian motion of index α in Rd. If 1 0 , where φ(s) = s 1 α /(log log 1 s ) 1 2α and φ-p(X([0, t])) is the φ-packing measure of X([0, t]).
Exergetic optimization and performance evaluation of multi-phase thermal energy storage systems

Abstract This study outlines a methodology for modeling and optimizing multi-phase thermal energy storage systems for solar thermal power plant (STPP) operation by incorporating energy and exergy analyses to a TES system employing a storage medium that can undergo multi-phase operation during the charging and discharging period. First, a numerical model is developed to investigate the transient thermodynamic and heat transfer characteristics of the storage system by coupling conservation of energy with an equation of state to model the spatial and temporal variations in fluid properties during the entire working cycle of the TES tank. Second, parametric studies are conducted to determine the impact of key design parameters on both energy and exergy efficiencies. The optimal values must balance exergy destroyed due to heat transfer and exergy destroyed due to pressure losses, which have competing effects. Optimization is utilized to determine parameter values within a feasible design window, which leads to a maximum exergetic efficiency of 87%.
Comparison of the influence of PM drive system with voltage adaptation or machine winding reconfiguration on HEV/EV applications

This paper examines the performance benefits of four IPM drive system configurations for HEV/EV applications with the following features for controlling the machine voltage: 1) boosted inverter, 2) Y/Δ, 3) series/parallel (S/P) and 4) tapped reconfigurable windings. The four systems are modeled and their impact on drive system performance is investigated. Additionally, comparisons in terms of flux weakening capability, torque, output power, losses, number of machine winding leads and number of added components are studied in detail. Detailed set of simulation and experiments results were used for assessing the performance benefits. The trade-off study shows that the drive system with tapped reconfigurable winding results in the favorable cost/benefit ratio with similar inverter voltage/current limits.
Cell cycle dependent resistance to staphylococcal delta toxin-induced lysis of cultured cells.

Abstract Staphylococcal delta toxin is a protein capable of rapidly disrupting cell membranes. Synchronized populations of 3T3 mouse fibroblasts in mitosis and early G 1 phases of the cell cycle exhibit resistance to delta toxin at concentrations cytolytic to interphase cells. Similar results were obtained with HeLa cells grown attached or in suspension culture. Increased resistance appears to result from structural or biochemical features other than cell rounding or detachment. Delta toxin stimulated significantly less cellular phospholipase A 2 (a potentially lytic enzyme activity) in mitotic 3T3 cells than in interphase cells.
Changes in serum ghrelin predict weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in rats

Although Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective and widely used therapy for severe obesity, the mechanisms by which it induces weight loss are not well understood. Several studies have shown that RYGB in human patients causes a decrease in circulating levels of ghrelin, a gastric hormone that strongly stimulates food intake. Substantial variation in the effect of RYGB on serum ghrelin has been reported in different studies and among individual patients, suggesting that regulation of this hormone is complex and subject to genetic and other patient-specific factors. To control for these factors and to enable more detailed study of physiologic mechanisms, we have recently developed a clinically relevant rat model of RYGB. In this study, we used this model to examine the effect of RYGB on serum ghrelin levels. Fifteen Sprague-Dawley rats that had received a high-fat diet to induce moderate obesity underwent RYGB. The operation closely resembled the procedure in humans. Serum samples were collected 1 month before and 3 months after RYGB, and serum ghrelin levels were measured. The primary outcomes of the study were the changes in body weight, food intake, and circulating ghrelin levels after RYGB. A multiple linear regression model was developed to examine the relationship between ghrelin levels and weight change after RYGB. Three months after the procedure, RYGB-treated rats weighed 20 ± 5% less than they would have, had they not undergone the procedure. Despite the weight loss, serum ghrelin levels were 38 ± 6% lower than before surgery. There was appreciable variation in the weight loss in individual animals, and preoperative weight and pre- and postoperative ghrelin levels were the best predictors of postoperative weight loss. Thus, the animals who had the greatest weight loss were those that were heaviest before surgery. These rats had the highest preoperative and lowest postoperative ghrelin levels. Using our recently developed rat model of RYGB, we found that postoperative weight loss is correlated with the magnitude of the decrease in circulating ghrelin levels. This correlation provides the strongest evidence to date that altered ghrelin signaling contributes to weight loss after this operation. The lower level of circulating ghrelin after RYGB likely blunts the appetitive drive, leading to decreased food intake in these animals.
CW (Continuous Wave) Optically Pumped FIR (Far Infrared) Lasers

A review of FIR cw lasers is presented, including topical descriptions of FIR lasing mechanisms, operating parameters, laser resonator designs and performance.
Computer Aided Fringe Analysis

Computer aided methods for quantitative fringe analysis are presented. In these presentations, special emphasis is placed on automated data reduction from holographic interferograms.
Sensitivity of Endemic Snake River Cutthroat Trout to Acidity and Elevated Aluminum

Abstract Acidic episodes in waters of the western USA, do not last as long and are not as intense as those in the eastern USA, but we found that the native western cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki is sensitive to even brief reductions in pH. In laboratory studies, fish were exposed to acidity (pH 4.5–6.5) alone or in the presence of aluminum during the first 7 d of the freshly fertilized egg, eyed embryo, alevin, or swim-up larva stages of development. Following exposure to acidity and aluminum, eggs and fish were held under control water quality conditions to 40 d posthatch to assess effects of the exposure on subsequent development. Reductions in pH from 6.5 to 6.0 in low-calcium water (1.4 mg/L) did not affect survival, but reduced growth offish in the early life stages. The presence of as little as 50 μg A1/L at low pH further decreased growth and reduced survival. The most sensitive indicators of stress were loss of ions (determined from whole-body sampling) and reduced swimming in alevins, reduct...
Effect of Ammonium Citrate on the Rheology and Particle Packing of Alumina Slurries

The valence of the citrate ion changes from -1 to -3 as the ammonium counterions of tribasic ammonium citrate dissociate with increasing pH. The citrate anion is potential determining because it strongly adsorbs to the surface of oxide particles in aqueous suspensions, changing the surface charge. At pH 8, close to the “natural” isoelectric point of Al2O3, the fully dissociated, trivalent citrate ions produce a negative surface charge. At pH 3, where the natural surface charge of Al2O3 is positive, citrate ions can neutralize the surface. The greatest number density of citrate ions is adsorbed at pH 3 because they are only partially dissociated and the natural surface of Al2O3 contains a high density of positive sites. Attractive particle networks are produced at both the isoelectric point and when excess salt is added to a dispersed suspension. Rheological measurements are used to compare the strength of attractive, Al2O3 particulate networks produced with and without added citrate ions. The attractive networks produced at pH 3, the isoelectric point in the presence of citrate ions, are slightly weaker relative to those produced at pH 9, the natural isoelectric point of Al2O3. Much weaker networks are produced by dispersing slurries at pH 8 with small amounts of tribasic ammonium citrate and then adding excess salt (either tribasic ammonium citrate or NH4Cl). The strength of the weakly attractive networks produced at pH 8 appears identical to those produced when an indifferent electrolyte is added to Al2O3slurries dispersed at pH 4, reported previously. These observations suggest that although the citrate ion is known to adsorb to the surface of Al2O3, as evidenced by its potential-determining effect, it does not produce a short-range repulsive potential of any significance.
Towards large eddy and direct simulation of complex turbulent flows

Recent advances in the methodology for direct numerical simulation of turbulent flows and some of the current applications are reviewed. It is argued that high-order finite difference schemes yield solutions with comparable accuracy to the spectral methods with the same number of degrees of freedom. The effects of random inflow conditions on the downstream evolution of turbulence are discussed.
Compassion Campaigns and Antigay Politics: What Would Arendt Do?

Compassionate conservatism is usually dismissed on the American political left as an empty slogan intended to mystify the real roots and aspirations of conservative politics. However, conservative Christian organizations and churches now conduct well-coordinated compassion campaigns on contested social issues such as sexual and reproductive rights. Through compassion campaigns, the Christian right also disseminates particular forms of political pedagogy regarding sexuality and compassion for followers who are subject to the movement's influence. Here, I turn to Hannah Arendt to analyze the politics of compassion at work in the ex-gay movement and in antiabortion projects such as Silent No More. This article presents evidence for a turn to compassionate pedagogies on the Christian right, analyzes these projects, and suggests ways that Arendt's political thought can inform our readings of conservative Christian compassionate discourse and political practices.
Who Doesn't Want to be Envied? Personality Correlates of Emotional Responses to Outperformance Scenarios

Individuals who outshine others may experience distress if their performance poses an interpersonal threat. A scenario-based measure, the Test of Responses to Outperforming Others (TROO), was developed to assess positive and negative responses to outperformance among undergraduates. Three studies provided preliminary validation. Studies 2 and 3 examined personality correlates. Narcissism emerged as a robust predictor of positive emotion on the TROO and anger in response to scenarios involving hostile provocation. Sociotropy consistently predicted greater distress on the TROO. Of importance, sociotropy's role could not be reduced to factors such as self-esteem, depressive symptoms, the Big Five, gender, or social desirability.
Sex as a moderator and perceived peer pressure as a mediator of the externalizing-delinquency relationship: A test of gendered pathways theory

Abstract Purpose The current study sought to determine whether sex moderated peer mediation of the externalizing-delinquency relationship as part of a larger test of the gendered pathways theory of crime. Methods Data gathered from 4,144 (2,079 males and 2,065 females) members of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-Child sample were subjected to simple correlational and moderated mediation analysis. Results Externalizing behavior and delinquency correlated equally in boys and girls but in testing a full moderated mediation model it was discovered that sex moderated the mediating effect of perceived peer pressure on the externalizing–delinquency relationship. Whereas externalizing behavior predicted delinquency in both boys and girls, perceived peer pressure only mediated the externalizing-delinquency relationship in boys. Conclusions These results support the gendered pathways to delinquency model to the extent that the relationship between childhood externalizing behavior and delinquency was mediated by perceived peer pressure in males but not females. The implications of these results for theoretical refinement of the gendered pathways approach and crime prevention and intervention are discussed.
Temperature dependent capacity contribution of thermally treated anode current collectors in lithium ion batteries

Abstract Metal current collectors, offering a good connection between the active materials and the external circuit, is an important component in a rechargeable lithium ion battery. Some necessary thermal treatment in the battery fabrication and assembly procedure results in current collectors with some non-negligible reversible energy capacities; however, these energy capacities were negligible in the previous references. In this research, for the first time, we investigated the influence of the thermal treatment of current collectors (such as copper foil and stainless steel disk) on energy capacities. Our results indicate that different current collector materials have different thermal treatment effects on their electrochemical performance. The non-negligible capacity contribution is closely related to the treatment temperature.
Symmetric interspecies hybrids of mouse and human hemoglobin: molecular basis of their abnormal oxygen affinity.

Interspecies hybrids of HbA and Hb from mouse C57BL/10 [α2MΒ2H and↠2HΒ2M (H=human, M=mouse)], representing 19 and 27 sequence differences perαΒ dimers (as compared with humanαΒ dimer) have been generatedin vitro. The efficiency of the assembly of the interspecies hybrids by the alloplex intermediate pathway is about twofold higher than the low-pH-mediated subunit approach. The interspecies hybrids exhibit a cooperative O2 binding. The intrinsic O2 affinity of mouse Hb is slightly lower than HbA, while the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) effect is comparable. Interestingly, the interspecies hybridα2MΒ2H has high O2 affinity (compared to either human or mouse Hb), while the interspecies hybridα2HΒ2M exhibits a very low O2 affinity. These results suggest that the mouseΒ chain generates a tetramer with very low oxygen affinity. However, the complementarity of the mouseα andΒ chains generates a set of unique interactions that compensate for the low-oxygen-affinity propensity of the mouseΒ chain. DPG binds the tetramer in the central cavity formed by the twoΒ subunits, hence the DPG effects on the interspecies hybrids should be as in the parent molecule. However, the results of the present study demonstrate that the DPG binding pocket is influenced by the nature of theα chain present in the tetramer. The mouseα chain reduces considerably the DPG right shift of the O2 affinity of the humanΒ-chain containing hybrid. Sequence analysis suggest that perturbations of theα1Β1 (not theα1Β2) are communicated to the DPG binding pocket in the presence of the alien subunit, and are the primary determinant of the ligand binding properties. The results have implications for the design of Hb-based blood substitutes and understanding of the inhibitory potential of mouseα chains in transgenic mouse expressing humanΒS chains.
New Insights on Photocatalytic H2 Liberation from Water Using Transition-Metal Oxides: Lessons from Cluster Models of Molybdenum and Tungsten Oxides

Molecular hydrogen (H2) is an excellent alternative fuel. It can be produced from the abundantly present water on earth. Transition-metal oxides are widely used in the environmentally benign photocatalytic generation of H2 from water, thus actively driving scientific research on the mechanisms for this process. In this study, we investigate the chemical reactions of W3O5– and Mo3O5– clusters with water that shed light on a variety of key factors central to H2 generation. Our computational results explain why experimentally Mo3O5– forms a unique kinetic trap in its reaction while W3O5– undergoes a facile oxidation to form the lowest-energy isomer of W3O6– and liberates H2. Mechanistic insights on the reaction pathways that occur, as well as the reaction pathways that do not occur, are found to be of immense assistance to comprehend the hitherto poorly understood pivotal roles of (a) differing metal–oxygen and metal–hydrogen bond strengths, (b) the initial electrostatic complex formed, (c) the loss of entro...
The Effect of Transverse Joints on the Magnetic Induction in Nickel

Maurain found that the outer layers of nickel were more magnetic than the inner ones. N. H. Williams said this must lead to an increased induction in a nickel rod if it were cut into a number of sections. He found that transverse sections did increase the induction for strong fields but lowered it for weak. This paper shows that because of this effect a bundle of nickel plates will orient itself in a magnetic field differently for weak fields than for strong. A possible explanation lies in the readiness which the elementary magnets of nickel have to align themselves with a magnetizing force, particularly those in the outer layers which are not affected so much by the mutual directive forces of the elementary magnets. The increase in permeability due to mechanically sectioning nickel bars seems to indicate that somewhat analogous conditions are produced when the permeability of a substance is increased by heat treatment.
Parallel recovery of MK-801-induced spatial learning impairment and neuronal injury in male mice.

BROSNAN-WATTERS, G., D. F. WOZNIAK, A. NARDI AND J. W. OLNEY. Parallel recovery of MK-801–induced spatial learning impairment and neuronal injury in male mice. PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BEHAV. 62(1) 111–122, 1999.—The relationship between spatial learning impairment and reversible neuronal injury in the posterior cingulate/retrosplenial (PC/RS) cortex induced by MK-801 in male mice was studied using a four-corner holeboard task. Mice were dosed with 1 mg/kg MK-801 and tested on acquisition of a new “baited” hole at 5 or 12 h posttreatment. Acquisition in drugged mice was impaired at 5 h, but not at 12 h posttreatment. Their retention performances were unaffected 24 h after either the 5 or 12 h posttreatment acquisition sessions. MK-801 (1 mg/kg) was found to induce locomotor hyperactivity and some sensorimotor impairment at 5 h posttreatment, which could have contributed to the acquisition deficit. However, nonassociative effects of the drug were not prominent because this same dose did not impair holeboard performance at 5 h posttreatment when the task was well learned. Histologic experiments showed that many injured neurons (containing cytoplasmic vacuoles) were present in the PC/RS cortex at 5 h posttreatment but the reaction was essentially reversed at 12 h posttreatment. The results suggest that the acquisition impairment and neuronal injury induced by MK-801 evolve and recover in parallel according to a similar time schedule.