cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Monitoring the Allosteric Transition and CO Rebinding in Hemoglobin with Time-Resolved FTIR Spectroscopy†

Time-resolved FTIR spectra are reported for the photocycle of carbonmonoxy hemoglobin, under saturating photolysis conditions, which are sufficient to drive the R-T allosteric transition. Direct evidence for this transition was provided by the microsecond time scale evolution of an 1857 cm - 1 bisignate difference band (cysteine S-H stretching), which is a marker of the T state. The time course of the strong 1951 cm - 1 band of bound CO showed the expected fast geminate and slower second-order rebinding phases. Two slow phases were observed, having time constants consistent with reported binding rates for R and T state molecules. The geminate yield was 50%, the majority (37%) rebinding with a 70 ns time constant, consistent with previous studies, but an additional low-amplitude (13%) phase was resolved, with an 890 ns time-constant. Difference FTIR bands are also observed in the 1300-1700 cm - 1 region, where protein vibrations are expected. In the nanosecond regime these bands varied irregularly, due to instrument limitations, but in the microsecond regime they evolved (30 μs time constant) toward the static difference spectrum of HbCO minus deoxyHb, reflecting the expected evolution from R to T state photoproduct molecules. The difference spectra of R and T photoproduct molecules extracted from the data via kinetic analysis contain not only common bands but also bands that are distinctive. The R photoproduct difference spectrum contains a positive/negative band pair at 1649 and 1683 cm - 1 , which is interpreted as resulting from the breaking of one or more α-helical carbonyl H-bonds. Candidate H-bonds are those that connect the H-helix residues Tyr α140 and β145 with the F-helix residues Val a93 and β95, in both HbCO and deoxyHb. These H-bonds are believed to break and reform at intermediate stages of the allosteric pathway, on the basis of UV Raman evidence.
Intuitive bayesian point estimation

Abstract This paper presents the results of an experiment designed to investigate the relationship between intuitive Bayesian point estimates and theoretically optimal Bayesian point estimates for various probability distributions (normal distributions) and loss functions (linear and quadratic loss functions). The results indicate that this relationship depends somewhat on the parameters of the distribution and loss function. Overall, however, the subjects performed the task of intuitive estimation and prediction very well. On the average, the intuitive estimates were quite close to the optimal estimates despite the complexity of the decision-making problem.
DST in bulimia without endogenous depression.

Introduction The. ~x~etha~ne Suppression Test (DST) (Feinberg and Carroll 1984; Zimmerman et al. 1986) has recently been reported to be nonsuppressive in some patients with bulimia (Gwirtsman et al. 1983; Hudson et al. 1983; Mitchell et al. 1984; Lindy et al. 1985; Kiriike et al. 1986). It remains unclear, however, to what extent concomitant depression in bulimics may be contributing to the abnormal DST in this population. none were taking any medication, including ~nz~i~epines, ~ticonvulsants, or oral contraceptives, that might have interfered with the DST. None were recently withdrawn from medication. All bulimic and depressed subjects received 1 mg dex~ethasone at 1 I:00 PM within 5 days of hospi~li~tion, with cortisol levels drawn at 4:00 PM and 10:00 PM the following day. There was no evidence of any purging by any of the bulimics after receiving the dexamethasone.
Reorientation mechanisms of phyllosilicates in the mudstone-to-slate transition at Lehigh Gap, Pennsylvania

Abstract The mudstone-to-slate transition of the Martinsburg Formation at Lehigh Gap, Pennsylvania, was re-examined using a new transmission-mode X-ray texture goniometer, supplemented by SEM, XRD, and optical studies. Three mesoscopic zones are recognized in the outcrop: (I) mudstone, (II) transition, and (III) slate zone. In the mudstone zone, the mica basal planes are parallel to bedding whereas the preferred orientation of the chlorite basal planes is up to 30° shallower than bedding. The angular difference between chlorite and mica decreases towards the transition zone, becoming subparallel at ca. 50 m from the contact with the overlying Shawangunk Formation. In the transition zone, the preferred orientations of both mica and chlorite are intermediate to bedding and cleavage orientations, which is consistent with mechanical reorientation of phyllosilicates. This is supported by a decrease in March strain with a minimum at ca. 95 m from the contact for both mica and chlorite. SEM observations similarly show the importance of grain rotation in large detrital grains. In the slate zone, both chlorite and mica orientations are parallel to cleavage. Chlorite and mica in the cleavage orientation of the slate zone have high Fe contents, whereas low-Fe mica and Mg > Fe chlorite dominate in the mudstone and transition zone, which indicates that dissolution-neocrystallization is the dominant mechanism in the slate zone. Thus, mechanical rotation of large detrital grains is important in the early stages of cleavage development, with dissolution—neocrystallization occurring at all stages and becoming dominant in the more evolved stages.
Off-center atomic displacements in zinc-blende semiconductor.

We have studied theoretically the conditions for the occurrence of spontaneous off-center atomic displacements in pure zinc-blende semiconductors. A pseudo Jahn-Teller coupling of a chemically active valence [ital d] band with an [ital s]-like conduction band is predicted to lead to such a metastability. All-electron density functional calculations confirm that this is the case in CuCl. The unusual experimental manifestations of this metastability are outlined.
Comments on "An analysis of design conditions for a phase-inverter speaker system with a drone cone"

The last sentence on p. 405 in the above paper states: "This paper ... shows that the low-frequency response of the drone-cone system is a little inferior to that of the bass-reflex system, ... ." The exposition of this correspondence shows that a properly designed drone cone for a phase-inverter loudspeaker will provide performance superior to that of the same loudspeaker with a port.
Shock and vortex visualization using a combined visual/Haptic interface

Specific rendering modes are developed for a combined visual/haptic interface to allow exploration and understanding of fluid dynamics data. The focus is on visualization of shock surfaces and vortex cores. Advantages provided by augmenting traditional graphical rendering modes with haptic rendering modes are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on synergistic combinations of visual and haptic modes which enable rapid, exploratory interaction with the data. Implementation issues are also discussed.
Three-dimensional sensitivity kernels for finite-frequency traveltimes: the banana–doughnut paradox

We use a coupled surface wave version of the Born approximation to compute the 3-D sensitivity kernel K-T(r) of a seismic body wave traveltime T measured by crosscorrelation of a broad-band waveform with a spherical earth synthetic seismogram. The geometry of a teleseismic S wave kernel is, at first sight, extremely paradoxical: the sensitivity is zero everywhere along the geometrical ray! The shape of the kernel resembles that of a hollow banana; in a cross-section perpendicular to the ray, the shape resembles a doughnut. The cross-path extent of such a banana-doughnut kernel depends upon the frequency content of the wave. The kernel for a very high-frequency wave is a very skinny hollow banana; wave-speed heterogeneity wider than this banana affects the traveltime, in accordance with ray theory. We also use the Born approximation to compute the sensitivity kernel K-Delta T(T) Of a differential traveltime Delta T measured by crosscorrelation of two phases, such as SS and S, at the same receiver. The geometries of both an absolute SS wave kernel and a differential SS-S kernel are extremely complicated, particularly in the vicinity of the surface reflection point and the source-to-receiver and receiver-to-source caustics, because of the minimax character of the SS wave. Heterogeneity in the vicinity of the source and receiver exerts a negligible influence upon an SS-S differential traveltime Delta T only if it is smooth
Photodynamic Action of Proflavine on Coliphage T3 III. Damages to the Deoxyribonucleic Acid Associated with R×1 and R×2

Ultracentrifugational studies with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from phage exposed to light in the presence of either 0.25 or 8.5 μg of proflavine per ml reveal that the lethal damage of R×1 renders DNA alkali-labile, with lethality resulting from damage that occurs singly on either strand or simultaneously on both strands. Apparently nonlethal damages temporally associated with R×1 consist of (i) heat and alkali-labile cross-links (which produce undenatured DNA that migrates at 45 S ) and (ii) heat-labile bonds. The formation of 45 S material is a linear function of light dose, and the production of this material ceases when R×2 appears at the higher dye concentration. No tendency to plateau is seen at 0.25 μg of dye per ml. The nature of the lethal damage of R×2 could not be determined. Damages that were temporally associated with R×2 at 8.5 μg of dye per ml were heat-labile, alkali-stable cross-links (undenatured DNA, 38 to 41 S ; alkali-denatured-reneutralized DNA, 85 to 89 S ) and some double-stranded breaks. No such changes were seen at 0.25 μg of dye per ml.
Dynamic predictor selection in a new Keynesian model with heterogeneous expectations

Abstract This paper introduces dynamic predictor selection into a New Keynesian model with heterogeneous expectations and examines its implications for monetary policy. We extend Branch and McGough (2009) by incorporating endogenous time-varying predictor proportions along the lines of Brock and Hommes (1997) . We find that periodic orbits and complex dynamics may arise even if the model under rational expectations has a unique stationary solution. The qualitative nature of the non-linear dynamics turns on the interaction between hawkishness of the government's policy and the extrapolative behavior of non-rational agents.
Intracellular calcium measurements as a method in studies on activity of purinergic P2X receptor channels

Extracellular nucleotide-activated purinergic receptors (P2XRs) are a family of cation-permeable channels that conduct small cations, including Ca2+, leading to the depolarization of cells and subs...
Combining reverse osmosis and electrodialysis for more complete recovery of dissolved organic matter from seawater

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the oceans is one of the largest dynamic carbon reservoirs on earth. The composition and fate of this carbon reservoir is of great interest to earth scientists, atmospheric scientists, and biologists who study global biogeochemical cycles and global warming. Current techniques for the extraction and purification of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from seawater for research purposes recover at best only 30 wt% of DOC. A new technique for the recovery of DOM from seawater has been developed by combining electrodialysis and reverse osmosis. Here we present shipboard results and laboratory work to show the feasibility of our technique. DOC recoveries exceeding 60% and even exceeding 90% for one seawater sample have been found. Analysis of samples recovered using this technique will yield new insights into the cycling of DOC in the oceans.
Analysis of spectral excitation for measurements of fluorescence constituents in natural waters

Field measurements of chlorophyll-a (Chl), phycoerythrin (PE), chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and variable fluorescence (Fv/Fm) in diverse waters of the California Current, Mediterranean Sea and Gulf of Mexico using 375, 405, 510 and 532 nm laser excitation wavelengths (EW) are analyzed. EW = 375 and 405 nm were found more suitable for Chl assessment in high-Chl (> 10 μg/l) waters. Both EW = 532 and 510 nm can be used to efficiently stimulate PE fluorescence for structural characterization of phytoplankton communities. EW = 375 nm and 405 nm can provide best results for CDOM assessments in offshore oceanic waters; the green EWs can be also used for CDOM measurements in fresh and estuarine water types in conjunction with spectral discrimination between CDOM and PE fluorescence. Both EW = 405 and 510 are suitable for photo-physiological Fv/Fm assessments, though using EW = 405 nm may result in underestimation of PE-containing phytoplankton groups present in mixed phytoplankton assemblages.
An Evaluation of Five Different Abstract Coding Methods—Experiment IV1

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the relative effectiveness of selected abstract coding methods, based upon their effects on various operator tasks. Five different coding methods mere selected: numeral, letter, geometric shape, color, and configuration. Secondary variables included in the study were target density, number of code levels, and operator tasks. It was found that numeral coding and color coding are the two superior coding methods. If greater emphasis is to be placed on identifying symbols, numeral coding is superior to color coding. No significant differences were found, however, between numeral coding and color coding for the remaining operator tasks: locating, counting, comparing, and verifying.
Cloning and Infertility

Although there are important moral arguments against cloning human beings, it has been suggested that there might be exceptional cases in which cloning humans would be ethically permissible. One type of supposed exceptional case involves infertile couples who want to have children by cloning. This paper explores whether cloning would be ethically permissible in infertility cases and the separate question of whether we should have a policy allowing cloning in such cases. One caveat should be stated at the beginning, however. After the cloning of a sheep in Scotland, scientists pointed out that using the same technique to clone humans would, at present, involve substantial risks of producing children with birth defects. This concern over safety gives compelling support to the view that it would be wrong to attempt human cloning now. Thus, we do not reach the debate about exceptional cases unless the issue of safety can be set aside. I ask the reader to consider the possibility that in the future humans could be cloned without a significantly elevated risk of birth defects from the cloning process itself. The remainder of this paper assumes, for sake of argument, that cloning technology has advanced to that point. Given this assumption, would cloning in the infertility cases be ethically permissible, and should it be legally permitted?
A Model-Driven Framework for Enabling Self-Service Configuration of Business Services

In seeking more profits, many business service providers have turned their attention to the technologies that can enable the delivery and operations of the network-delivered business services more efficiently and highly automated. To that end, many service providers have adopted the shared service model where the service offerings are shared across multiple customers to reduce the costs associated with the services' delivery. One key challenge for service providers is how to configure various parameters and options of the services with highly automated and self-service modes to meet the customers' diverse requirements with minimized costs. Therefore, effective service configuration lifecycle management technologies and approaches have become the differentiations of successful service providers. In this paper, we propose a common service configuration framework as one of the infrastructure features of the service operation platform based on the shared service model to ease and unify the configuration lifecycle across service offerings. In this framework, we adopt the model-driven technology to automate the service configuration lifecycle. This novel approach combines the wizard technology and rule-based validation technology to enable the service customers to perform self-service configuration. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the framework is discussed at the end of this paper.
The next frontier for communications networks: power management

Storage, memory, processor, and communications bandwidth are all relatively plentiful and inexpensive. However, a growing expense in the operation of computer networks is electricity usage. Estimates place devices connected to the Internet as consuming about 2%, and growing, of the total electricity produced in the USA-much of this power consumption is unnecessary. Power management is needed to reduce this large and growing energy consumption of the Internet. We see power management as the 'next frontier' in research in computer networks. In this paper, we propose methods for reducing energy consumption of networked desktop computers. Using traffic characterization of university dormitory computers, we show that there is significant idle time that can be exploited for power management. However, current Ethernet adapters in desktop computers lack the capabilities needed to allow existing system power management features to be enabled. We address this problem with a proxying Ethernet adapter that handles routine network tasks for a desktop computer when it is in a low-power sleep mode. This proxying adapter can allow existing power management features in desktop computers to remain enabled and have the computer be 'on the network' at all times. The energy that we expect can be saved is in the range of 0.8-2.7 billion US dollars/year.
Minimising cold ischaemic time is essential in cardiac death donor-associated liver transplantation.

Background An important issue in the transplantation of livers procured from cardiac death donors (CDDs) concerns why some centres report equivalent outcomes and others report inferior outcomes in transplantations using CDD organs compared with standard criteria donor (SCD) organs. Resolving this discrepancy may increase the number of usable organs.
The influence of one's own body weight on implicit and explicit anti-fat bias.

SCHWARTZ, MARLENE B., LENNY R. VARTANIAN, BRIAN A. NOSEK, AND KELLY D. BROWNELL. The influence of one’s own body weight on implicit and explicit anti-fat bias. Obesity. 2006;14:440–447. Objective: This study examined the influence of one’s own body weight on the strength of implicit and explicit anti-fat bias. Research Methods and Procedure: Implicit and explicit anti-fat attitudes and obesity stereotypes were assessed among a large online sample (N 4283) that included representation from across the weight spectrum (from underweight to extremely obese). Respondents also indicated their willingness to make a range of personal sacrifices in exchange for not being obese. Results: All weight groups exhibited significant anti-fat bias, but there was an inverse relation between one’s own weight and the level of observed bias. Thinner people were more likely to automatically associate negative attributes (bad, lazy) with fat people, to prefer thin people to fat people, and to explicitly rate fat people as lazier and less motivated than thin people. However, when the lazy stereotype was contrasted with another negative attribute (anxious), obese and non-obese people exhibited equally strong implicit stereotyping. Finally, a substantial proportion of respondents indicated a willingness to endure aversive life events to avoid being obese. For example, 46% of the total sample indicated that they would rather give up 1 year of life than be obese, and 30% reported that they would rather be divorced than be obese. In each case, thinner people were more willing to sacrifice aspects of their health or life circumstances than were heavier people. Discussion: Although the strength of weight bias decreased as respondents’ body weight increased, a significant degree of anti-fat bias was still evident among even the most obese group of respondents, highlighting the pervasiveness of this bias.
Chemotherapy of advanced salivary gland neoplasms

Fourteen patients with advanced salivary gland malignancies were treated with combination chemotherapy. Five of 13 patients responded to cyclophosphamide and adriamycin and two patients in the responding groups underwent further potentially curable treatment, rendering them disease-free. Three patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma failed to respond to this regimen, but two of three patients treated with a combination of cisplatinum, bleomycin and methotrexate responded. The potential role for chemotherapy in the treatment of salivary gland malignancies is discussed.
Asymptotic Performance of a Multichart CUSUM Test Under False Alarm Probability Constraint

Traditionally the false alarm rate in change point detection problems is measured by the mean time to false detection (or between false alarms). The large values of the mean time to false alarm, however, do not generally guarantee small values of the false alarm probability in a fixed time interval for any possible location of this interval. In this paper we consider a multichannel (multi-population) change point detection problem under a non-traditional false alarm probability constraint, which is desirable for a variety of applications. It is shown that in the multichart CUSUM test this constraint is easy to control. Furthermore, the proposed multichart CUSUM test is shown to be uniformly asymptotically optimal when the false alarm probability is small: it minimizes an average detection delay, or more generally, any positive moment of the stopping time distribution for any point of change.
The use of qualitative and quantitative simulations

We describe a technique called imagining which uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative simulation techniques to solve a problem where neither alone would suffice. We illustrate the imagining technique using the domain of geologic interpretation and argue for why the two types of simulation are necessary for problems of this sort. We also discuss the strengths of each simulation technique and how they support each other in the problem solving process.
Analysis of a monsoon flood event in an ephemeral tributary and its downstream hydrologic effects

[1] Despite existing observational networks, large-scale flooding events in semiarid regions are poorly understood because of their infrequent occurrence and the lack of studies directed at quantifying their basic characteristics. Given the ephemeral nature of semiarid basins, large floods are critical events which can cause significant exchanges of water, sediment, and nutrients across the surface-groundwater interface. Our major objective in this study is to quantify the meteorological characteristics, watershed runoff response, and surface-groundwater interactions arising from a summer monsoon flood event in the Rio Puerco and its downstream hydrologic effects in the Rio Grande. Results indicate that only 3.6% of the storm rainfall resulted in tributary runoff which led to a propagating flood wave in the Rio Grande. Along the main river reach we compute that 49% of the flood volume was lost to the shallow aquifer, with the remainder entering a downstream reservoir. Surface-groundwater interactions were further tracked in a network of shallow wells, suggesting significant changes in groundwater level, ranging from 0.05 to 0.6 m, along and across the river. The results of this study demonstrate the widespread effects of large-scale monsoon events in semiarid regions and serve as a basis for improved process understanding and modeling. On the basis of our observations we present a conceptual model of the generation, propagation, and attenuation of large floods in semiarid tributaries and main stem rivers during the North American monsoon. These linked processes have not been previously documented in a comprehensive manner in the American Southwest.
An equivalent circuit model for a Faraday cage substrate crosstalk isolation structure

We have developed a physics-based equivalent circuit model for a novel Faraday cage substrate crosstalk isolation structure. This compact isolation approach relies on high-aspect ratio, solid copper substrate vias that are shorted to ground. A cage constructed with these vias can be used to enclose sensitive or noisy portions of a chip and has been proven effective up to 50 GHz. The Faraday cage equivalent-circuit model is based on a well-established substrate crosstalk model, with the substrate node shunted to ground through a series inductor-resistor branch that represents the substrate vias. This straightforward approach provides good agreement with the measured data into the millimeter-wave regime for different layouts of the Faraday cage.
A General Method for Conserving Energy and Potential Enstrophy in Shallow-Water Models

The shallow-water equations may be posed in the form dF/dt {F, H, Z}, where H is the energy, Z is the potential enstrophy, and the Nambu bracket {F, H, Z} is completely antisymmetric in its three arguments. This makes it very easy to construct numerical models that conserve analogs of the energy and potential enstrophy; one need only discretize the Nambu bracket in such a way that the antisymmetry property is maintained. Using this strategy, this paper derives explicit finite-difference approximations to the shallowwater equations that conserve mass, circulation, energy, and potential enstrophy on a regular square grid and on an unstructured triangular mesh. The latter includes the regular hexagonal grid as a special case.
MINRMS: an efficient algorithm for determining protein structure similarity using root-mean-squared-distance.

Motivation: Existing algorithms for automated protein structure alignment generate contradictory results and are difficult to interpret. An algorithm which can provide a context for interpreting the alignment and uses a simple method to characterize protein structure similarity is needed. Results: We describe a heuristic for limiting the search space for structure alignment comparisons between two proteins, and an algorithm for finding minimal root-mean-squared-distance (RMSD) alignments as a function of the number of matching residue pairs within this limited search space. Our alignment algorithm uses coordinates of alpha-carbon atoms to represent each amino acid residue and requires a total computation time of O(m 3 n 2 ), where m and n denote the lengths of the protein sequences. This makes our method fast enough for comparisons of moderate-size proteins (fewer than ∼800 residues) on current workstation-class computers and therefore addresses the need for a systematic analysis of multiple plausible shape similarities between two proteins using a widely accepted comparison metric. Availability: See http://www.cgl.ucsf.edu/Research/ minrms.
On the design of layered space-time systems for autocoding

Hochwald et al.(see IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, Nov. 2001) have recognized that arbitrarily reliable communication is possible in multiantenna systems with coding over only a single coherence interval. In particular, they showed that reliable communication is possible for all rates R/spl les/C/sub a/ with code words that extend over a single coherence interval when the number of transmit antennas and coherence interval (n,T)/spl rarr//spl infin/. They coined the names "autocoding" for this phenomenon and "autocapacity" for C/sub a/. They also proposed a signalling scheme based on random unitary matrices that achieves a significant fraction of this capacity. The main limitation, however, is that currently no decoder of reasonable complexity is known for this signalling scheme. We investigate the application of space-time layering to autocoding. We show that properly constructed layered systems can achieve the autocapacity with a reasonable complexity receiver composed of minimum mean-square error (MMSE) decision feedback multiuser detectors and single user decoders. In addition to this asymptotic result, we propose a specific layering approach, the threaded space-time layering, that combines generalized bit interleaved space-time coded modulation, iterative signal processing and pilot symbol assisted channel estimation. We show that this approach is well suited for practical systems with limited numbers of transmit antennas and small coherence intervals. Finally, we report simulation results that demonstrate the ability of the threaded approach to achieve significant fractions of the autocapacity with a realizable receiver. The simulation results also indicate significant performance gains over the Cayley differential space-time signalling scheme in certain scenarios.
Complexation of Calcium by Melanoidin and Its Role in Determining Bioavailability

Model melanoidins, pigments formed by nonenzymic browning reactions of amino acids with reducing sugars and glyoxal, behaved like anionic polymers that form moderately stable complexes with Ca2+ and, if incorporated into diets, could possibly influence calcium bioavailability. Hydrogen ions were released during complexation. The influence of pH on degree of binding by soluble and insoluble forms of model melanoidins was determined. Pigments in coffee brew and toasted bread (milk-free) had no measurable calcium-binding ability, which suggested that there might be important structural differences between pigments formed in food systems and those formed from the interaction of simple amino acids with sugars.
Human CD94 gene expression: dual promoters differing in responsiveness to IL-2 or IL-15.

CD94 is a C-type lectin required for the dimerization of the CD94/NKG2 family of receptors, which are expressed on NK cells and T cell subsets. Little is known about CD94 gene expression and the elements that regulate CD94 transcription. In this study, we report that CD94 gene expression is regulated by distal and proximal promoters that transcribe unique initial exons specific to each promoter. This results in two species of transcripts; the previously described CD94 mRNA and a novel CD94C mRNA. All NK cells and CD94+, CD8+ αβ T cells transcribe CD94 mRNA. Stimulation of NK and CD8+ αβ T cells with IL-2 or IL-15 induced the transcription of CD94C mRNA. The distal and proximal promoters both contain elements with IFN-γ-activated and Ets binding sites, known as GAS/EBS. Additionally, an unknown element, termed site A, was identified in the proximal promoter. EMSA analyses showed that constitutive factors could bind to oligonucleotide probes containing each element. After treatment of primary NK cells with IL-2 or IL-15, separate inducible complexes could be detected with oligonucleotide probes containing either the proximal or distal GAS/EBS elements. These elements are highly conserved between mice and humans, which suggests that both species regulate CD94 gene expression via mechanisms that predate their evolutionary divergence.
PALATABILITY AND OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF REPEATEDLY REFROZEN CHICKEN BROILERS

To determine the effect of refreezing on broiler carcasses, three separate lots of commercially processed chickens were packaged in polyethylene bags and frozen at -18° or -30°C. At 2–4 day intervals they were thawed at room temperature for 7–8 hr (to 4°C internal). Random carcasses were removed for testing and the remainder refrozen, up to five times. Tests included taste paneling and visual observations for sliminess and bone discoloration, total moisture, TBA values, shear values and total viable counts. Total drip and total losses were also calculated. Results showed that taste panel scores for tenderness, juiciness, flavor and overall acceptability of roasted breast meat were not affected by five refreezings. Visual observations showed no appreciable increase in sliminess or bone discoloration due to repeated refreezings. Total drip increased but total loss (which included cooking losses) changed little after the first refreezing. Total moisture in the cooked product and shear values for dark meat showed no change, while shear values for light meat decreased. TBA values did not increase over those for the control until after four refreezings. It appears, from the results of this study, that poultry can be safely refrozen several times, providing the meat is handled properly.
Nutritional effects of postgastrectomy reconstruction: A clinical evaluation

To evaluate the nutritional benefits of a jejunal pouch vs. esophagojejunostomy following total gastrectomy, we reviewed 24 consecutive cases of total gastrectomy: 14 males and 10 females, 39 to 85 years of age (mean 66.6 y.) undergoing 9 jejunal pouches (JP) and 15 Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy (EJ). Indications for surgery included 15 adenocarcinomas, 3 lymphomas, 1 leiomyoma, and 5 hemorrhagic gastritis. The operative mortality was 12.5%. One JP patient was lost to follow-up. The mean survival for EJ was 13.3 months and for JP 36 months. Total gastrectomy resulted in persistent weight loss and hypoalbuminemia, and the creation of a jejunal pouch did not seem to improve significantly the nutritional status following total gastrectomy.
An introduction to wavelet analysis in oceanography and meteorology - With application to the dispersion of Yanai waves

Wavelet analysis is a relatively new technique that is an important addition to standard signal analysis methods. Unlike Fourier analysis that yields an average amplitude and phase for each harmonic in a dataset, the wavelet transform produces an instantaneous estimate or local value for the amplitude and phase of each harmonic. This allows detailed study of nonstationary spatial or time-dependent signal characteristics. The wavelet transform is discussed, examples are given, and some methods for preprocessing data for wavelet analysis are compared. By studying the dispersion of Yanai waves in a reduced gravity equatorial model, the usefulness of the transform is demonstrated. The group velocity is measured directly over a finite range of wavenumbers by examining the time evolution of the transform. The results agree well with linear theory at higher wavenumber but the measured group velocity is reduced at lower wavenumbers, possibly due to interaction with the basin boundaries.
Nasal vaccination stimulates CD8 + T cells for potent protection against mucosal Brucella melitensis challenge

Brucellosis remains a significant zoonotic threat worldwide. Humans and animals acquire infection via their oropharynx and upper respiratory tract following oral or aerosol exposure. After mucosal infection, brucellosis develops into a systemic disease. Mucosal vaccination could offer a viable alternative to conventional injection practices to deter disease. Using a nasal vaccination approach, the ΔznuA B. melitensis was found to confer potent protection against pulmonary Brucella challenge, and reduce colonization of spleens and lungs by more than 2500-fold, with >50% of vaccinated mice showing no detectable brucellae. Furthermore, 10-fold more brucellae-specific, interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-producing CD8(+) T cells than CD4(+) T cells were induced in the spleen and respiratory lymph nodes. Evaluation of pulmonary and splenic CD8(+) T cells from mice vaccinated with ΔznuA B. melitensis revealed that these expressed an activated effector memory (CD44(hi)CD62L(lo)CCR7(lo)) T cells producing elevated levels of IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, perforin and granzyme B. To assess the relative importance of these increased numbers of CD8(+) T cells, CD8(-/-) mice were challenged with virulent B. melitensis, and they showed markedly increased bacterial loads in organs in contrast to similarly challenged CD4(-/-) mice. Only ΔznuA B. melitensis- and Rev-1-vaccinated CD4(-/-) and wild-type mice, not CD8(-/-) mice, were completely protected against Brucella challenge. Determination of cytokines responsible for conferring protection showed the relative importance of IFN-γ, but not interleukin-17 (IL-17). Unlike wild-type (wt) mice, IL-17 was greatly induced in IFN-γ(-/-) mice, but IL-17 could not substitute for IFN-γ's protection, although an increase in brucellae dissemination was observed upon in vivo IL-17 neutralization. These results show that nasal ΔznuA B. melitensis vaccination represents an attractive means to stimulate systemic and mucosal immune protection via CD8(+) T-cell engagement.
Evaluating the Consequences of Calibrated Sentencing: A Response to Professor Kolber

This is a Response to Adam Kolber's essay, The Subjective Experience of Punishment, 109 Colum. L. Rev. 182 (2009). Kobler criticizes courts for failing to take into account subjective experience of punishment when imposing sentences for criminal conduct. Kolber contends that the failure to calibrate punishment to reflect subjective experience undermines both retributivist and consequentialist arguments for punishment. This Response grapples with the consequentialist implications of Kolber's argument. Specifically, it argues that calibrated sentencing may be far less desirable than its logical alternative, calibrated policing. Indeed, many would say that we already distribute police resources based on our estimation of how people will respond subjectively to the criminal justice system. Moreover, by adjusting sentences at the back-end to reflect subjective experience of punishment, Kolber's regime may forfeit certain front-end benefits that come about (self-regulation, for example) when individuals are particularly fearful of or sensitive to punishment. In sum, it is impossible to evaluate the consequences of Kolber's proposed sentencing regime without also considering how that regime would affect broader law enforcement efforts.
Synthesis and characterization of picket porphyrin receptors that bind phosphatidylglycerol, an anionic phospholipid found in bacterial membranes.

The lipid binding ability of four urea-picket porphyrins designed to bind to both the phosphate anion portion as well as the glycerol hydroxyl groups of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) has been investigated. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and 1H NMR were used to determine the receptor’s stoichiometry of binding, association constants, and both the enthalpy and entropy of binding with the PG anion. Spectral evidence shows that the phosphate anion portion of PG is hydrogen bonded to the urea groups of the receptors. This binding interaction orients the PG anion in the receptor pocket such that its glycerol hydroxyl groups can align with a third urea picket, and results are furnished that suggest this multifunctional interaction does occur. The structure of the entire picket was found to influence the enthalpy and entropy of lipid binding. The synthesis of tetrabutlyammonium phosphatidylglycerol (TBAPG), and a detailed spectral characterization of its headgroup, is also presented.
Improved Tactical Headset: The Effect of Noise Cancellation on Sound Localization

Among other dangers, soldiers in combat often risk hearing damage. A new source of damage is an increase in crew compartment noise resulting from the addition of armored protection to Highly Mobile Multi-Wheeled Vehicles (HMMWVs, commonly known as “Humvee”). To protect soldiers, the US Army may replace the current Interim Headset (IH) with an Improved Tactical Headset (ITH), which uses noise cancellation technology. However, decision makers are concerned that the ITH may affect perception. In the current study, twenty-one soldiers were tested for accuracy of sound localization in an 8 times 2 mixed experimental design (Speaker Location x Headset Type). Results indicate soldiers wearing either headset experienced the front/back confusion typically found in the literature; but soldiers wearing the ITH localized sound more accurately when the sounds originated from their rear and right rear. These findings may support the ITH as the preferred intervention.
Safety regulation in professional football: Empirical evidence of intended and unintended consequences.

Abstract In response to increasing public awareness and negative long-term health effects of concussions, the National Football League implemented the “Crown-of-the-Helmet Rule” (CHR). The CHR imposes penalties on players who initiate contact using the top of the helmet. This paper examines the intended effect of this policy and its potential for unintended consequences. We find evidence supporting the intended effect of the policy- a reduction in weekly concussion reports among defensive players by as much as 32% (34% for all head and neck injuries), but also evidence of an increase in weekly lower extremity injury reports for offensive players by as much as 34%.
Abstract 19680: Fatalism does not Decrease Effectiveness of interventions to Improve Cardiovasuar Health

Background: There is a long standing belief that lifestyle interventions to decrease cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are less effective in individuals who have a fatalistic (preordained) view of health. Rural Appalachian Kentucky is a region perceived to have a culture that includes fatalistic views toward health, which may make lifestyle interventions less effective. One of the most challenging lifestyle modifications is change in diet. Objective: To compare responses of adults with high vs. low levels of fatalism to a life-style intervention to decrease modifiable CVD risk factors including diet. Methods: A total of 280 adults with at least one CVD risk factor participated in a 6-month individualized education and goal setting intervention to promote heart healthy lifestyles. As part of the assessment, participants completed food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) at baseline and post-intervention. Fatalism was measured by the Fatalism Scale. Median split of Fatalism Scale scores was used to divide the sample into 2 groups: higher vs. low levels of fatalism. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare post intervention intake of total fat, saturated fat, calories, total sugar, added sugar, number of daily fruit, vegetable, sweets, and fried food servings between groups. Results: There was a significant decrease post-intervention in total fat, saturated fat, calories, added sugar, and number of sweets and fried foods consumed; while the number of fruit servings consumed daily increased. There were no significant differences post-intervention in nutrient intake between adults with lower vs. higher levels of fatalism; both groups made similar modifications in eating habits. Conclusion: Adults with high levels of fatalism are willing to make appropriate lifestyle changes to decrease their CVD risk. These results provide evidence to dispel the myth that people living in this region are resistant to changes that will improve their health.
Macroscopic Raman imaging on tooth for caries detection

This work reports a Raman imaging setup for full scale (~7 mm in diameter) tooth mapping for mineral concentration distribution of enamel layer. The results prove that Raman imaging is suitable for dental caries detection.
The Doctrine of Interest: Abraham Cahan and the Herbartians

Abraham Cahan’s self-image as an educator, which encompasses his literary and journalistic careers, is shaped by the “Doctrine of Interest,” a pedagogical theory promoted by the Herbartian movement. Teaching, for Cahan and the Herbartians alike, means making the transition from old ideas to new ones as smooth as possible, changing one’s students (or audience) without challenging them. Cahan’s Yiddish novella Vi Azoy Rafael Na’arizokh Is Gevorn a Sozialist works as a kind of Herbartian bildungsroman in this sense. For all its effectiveness, though, Cahan ultimately finds the Herbartian approach unfulfilling, and he works through this problem in some of his English-language fiction, including “Tzinchadzi of the Catskills” and The Rise of David Levinsky.
Naltrexone and psychotherapy.

The clinical efficacy of naltrexone together with psychotherapy was compared to that of naltrexone alone in 22 detoxified heroin addicts. The combination of treatments fostered better retention in treatment and greater likelihood of opiate abstinence than naltrexone alone.
Vektorräume und Untervektorräume

Fur einen Anfanger scheinen Rechnungen mit Matrizen viele Zahlen zu enthalten. Fur Sie hat die Matrizenrechnung mit Vektoren zu tun, da die Spalten vonAxund von AB Linearkombinationen von n Vektoren sind — den Spalten von A. In diesem Kapitel werden wir zu einer dritten (der hochsten) Ebene des Verstandnisses gelangen. An Stelle einzelner Spalten betrachten wir nun „Raume“ von Vektoren. OhneVektorraumeund im Besonderen ihreUnterraumegesehen zu haben, hat man die Gleichung Ax = b noch nicht vollstandig verstanden.
Anterior innominate osteotomies for failure or late closure of bladder exstrophy.

AbstractThe bony pelvis was analyzed in 12 patients undergoing a further operation after initial bladder closure. Of the patients 5 had undergone a prior posterior osteotomy. All patients had wide diastasis of the pubis (average 5.5 cm.). In 9 of these patients late closure or reclosure of a failed initial bladder repair was done and 3 underwent a repeat bladder neck reconstruction. In all patients a new procedure, anterior iliac osteotomy with internal or external fixation, was performed. This procedure provides increased mobility of the pubis and increased correction. It avoids turning of the patient while under anesthesia for repeat preparation and in most cases postoperative traction is not needed. There were no instances of dehiscence, nonunion or infection. Three cases of transient femoral palsy were noted. All patients had a normal gait 4 months postoperatively.The mobility obtained after anterior osteotomy allows for excellent approximation. In view of evidence that approximation of the pubis impr...
Mitigation Strategies to Protect Petrochemical Infrastructure and Nearby Communities during Storm Surge

AbstractThis paper explores engineering- and social science-based strategies to mitigate risks posed by aboveground storage tanks (ASTs) during storm events. The Houston Ship Channel (HSC) is used ...
Opposing Authoritarian Populism: The Challenge and Necessity of a New World System

This chapter investigates the underlying structural determinants of the dominator systems that characterize global cultures. It traces the structural and systemic origins of intensifying racism and sexism as economic and political weapons. As a countermeasure, it offers a new political and philosophical vision by synthesizing key features of the work of Georg Lukacs, Herbert Marcuse, and Aldo Leopold for insights in terms of the promise of what the author calls Green Commonwealth to build a new world system. In particular the author reclaims Herbert Marcuse's critical social theory for our time by reinterpreting One-Dimensional Man and incorporating insights from neglected materials (Counterrevolution and Revolt, ‘Repressive Tolerance,’ ‘Ecology and Revolution’) and newly discovered texts (‘Why Talk on Socialism’) from the Frankfurt Marcuse Archive. These materials are strategically advantageous to us in today's turbulent political milieu. The chapter traces differential income flows within the manufacturing sector of the U.S. economy to their source in unequal property relations. As a countermeasure to growing economic and cultural polarization, the chapter offers a new eco-socialist and humanist world system of commonwealth production, commonwealth distribution, democratized ownership, and commonwealth governance. These insights re-conceptualize our understanding of our world and our work in order to repossess a world in common characterized by racial equality, women's equality, the liberation of labour, the restoration of nature, leisure, abundance and peace.
Abstract TP192: Trends in Hospital Admissions for Stroke Among Patients With Sickle Cell Disease

Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a major risk factor for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Approximately 10% of children with SCD will have a stroke, a rate that increases to nearly 25% by...