cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A New Perspective on the Developmental Model for Family Business

This research contributes to the family business literature by providing the first empirical test of the developmental model for family business (DMFB), developed by Gersick, Davis, Hampton, and Lansberg (1997). Our testing of the DMFB, along with a review of the literature since its publication, allow us to identify key groups of variables that can help explain family business development. Specifically, we identify owner, firm, and family characteristics to augment the DMFB. Our hierarchical regression analysis of 934 firms suggests that the original model provides asolidfoundation forclassifyingfamily firms, but the augmented model explains significantly more variance in family firm development.
Carbon monoxide analysis: a comparison of two co-oximeters and headspace gas chromatography.

Three methods (IL-182 Co-Oxlmeter, 11.-282 Co-Oxlmeter, and headspece gas chromatography) for the analysis of carbon monoxide in postmortem blood were studied and compared using a prepared reference standard, Quantre | control materials, and 62 postmortem blood specimens. The methods compared favorably with one another. The linear regression equations for the 62 postmortem blood samples (range = 1.0 to 86% saturation) were: 11.-282 vs. IL-182, y = 1.11x - 3.10, r = 0.981; IL-182 vs. GC, y = 0.88x + 2.97, r = 0.973; IL-282 vs. GC, y = 1.00x - 1.24, r = 0.986.
Submental fat reduction by mesotherapy using phosphatidylcholine alone vs. phosphatidylcholine and organic silicium: a pilot study.

Summary Background Excess skin and fatty tissues beneath the jaw lead to a double chin deformity. Localized fat deposits in this area are a cause of discomfort and anguish, leading patients to undergo surgical procedures such as liposuction and dermolipectomy to improve the cosmetic effect. Both procedures require anesthesia and an operating room setting and are quite expensive. Fearful of extensive surgery and its complications, patients and physicians seek less invasive methods. Mesotherapy with phosphatidylcholine and other cocktails have been used to treat localized fat deposits. However, there are few published articles regarding its effectiveness and some are even anecdotal. Objective This study aims to determine the efficacy of phosphatidylcholine alone vs. phosphatidylcholine and organic silicium in submental fat reduction. Methods Twelve patients with submental fat deposit with no coexisting morbidity and with informed consent were included in the study. They were submitted to one to five treatment sessions with an average interval of 2 weeks between each session. The medication administered was injected, either pure phosphatidylcholine or a combination of phosphatidylcholine and organic silicium. Baseline measurements of submental fat using vernier caliper and digital photographs of the patients were taken during each treatment session. The occurrence of adverse effects was likewise noted. Results Among the 12 patients, 11 completed the treatment course, and 1 was excluded from the study because of failure to follow up. Both phosphatidylcholine and a combination of phosphatidylcholine and organic silicium were equally effective in reducing submental fat deposits. There was no significant difference as to the rate and degree of reduction. Significant reduction in the thickness of submental fat was achieved after three treatment sessions. Adverse reactions in both groups were mild and transitory ranging from heavy sensation, localized heat, nodulations, and slight bruising that abated 3 to 5 days after treatment. Limitations As of this writing, information on the use of both phosphatidylcholine and organic silicium for mesotherapy of localized fat such as the submental area is scarce. The exact mechanisms of action of both treatments are likewise unknown. Ultrasound and histopathological changes were not documented. The study did not involve a double-blind, placebo-controlled design, and the sample size was small. Conclusion Mesotherapy using phosphatidylcholine vs. phosphatidylcholine plus organic silicium was similarly effective in reducing submental fat. There was no significant difference between them in terms of rate and degree of reduction. Optimal reduction of submental fat was achieved after three treatment sessions. Adverse reactions were few, mild, and transitory. Therefore, both regimens are safe, efficacious, cost-effective, and can be used as alternatives to invasive surgical procedures.
Whipple's Disease

Whipple’s disease is named after Dr. George H. Whipple, who first described it in 1907. Eighty-four years after Whipple initially reported the disease, the actinobacterium named Tropheryma whippelii, and also known as the Whipple’s bacillus, was identified. Whipple’s disease is now considered to be a chronic, insidious multisystem infection.
Interval analysis techniques in linear systems: an application in power systems

The authors apply the technique of interval analysis to get bounds on the initial value response of a linearized single-machine-infinite-bus problem when a parameter is varied. Generally it is believed that responses for parameter variations in an interval should lie within the responses for the extrema of the parameter variations. This is not generally true and an example demonstrates this. Interval analysis techniques permit derivation of the overall bound on the response. Further experimentation also revealed that the method has some limitations particularly involving lightly damped long term dynamics. >
Providing quality-of-protection classes through control-message scheduling in DWDM mesh networks with capacity sharing

This paper considers the problem of providing quality-of-protection (QoP) classes and improving the failure-recovery time performance in dense wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) networks that use mesh-based path restoration schemes with capacity sharing. We focus on the signaling process required for reconfiguring the nodes along the preplanned restoration paths, and propose a novel approach for reducing the restoration time and meeting the QoP requirements by coordinating the setup procedures for the backup paths through scheduling. We present priority-based online scheduling algorithms that are amenable to distributed implementation for the problems of: 1) minimizing the worst case restoration time and 2) maximizing the number of connections that meet their QoP-class-specific restoration time deadlines. We also present mixed-integer-linear-program (MILP) formulations for both problems for comparison purposes. The online scheduling methods that we propose use simple connection and/or class-specific information and can be easily implemented with minor modifications to the currently proposed signaling protocols. We apply these methods to signaling protocols that require cross-connect configurations at different nodes to be done in sequence as in the current generalized multiprotocol label switching specification, as well as signaling protocols that allow cross-connect configurations to be done in parallel. It is shown that in both cases, significant performance improvements are achievable through scheduling in terms of both the QoP grades that can be supported and the restoration times, with both the MILP solutions and the heuristics. The improvement in restoration time and restorability through our heuristics can be quite high (e.g., increase from a network restorability performance of 40% to a network restorability of 88%, and a 12% reduction in worst case restoration time).
Are ulcers a marker for invasive carcinoma in Barrett's esophagus? Data from a diagnostic variability study with clinical follow-up.

OBJECTIVES: We correlated follow-up information from 138 patients with Barrett’s esophagus and varying degrees of dysplasia with the presence of ulcers. METHODS: A group of pathologist participants were asked to contribute patients’ initial biopsy slides showing Barrett’s esophagus (BE) without dysplasia and with epithelial changes indefinite for dysplasia, low grade dysplasia (LGD), high grade dysplasia (HGD), and adenocarcinoma. From the initial 250 cases used for a diagnostic reproducibility study, follow-up information was available for 138 patients. RESULTS: There were 44 cases submitted as BE, 22 as BE with epithelial changes indefinite for dysplasia, 26 as BE with LGD, 33 as BE with HGD, and 13 as BE with adenocarcinoma. Ulcers were present in 35/138 cases (25%), including 3/44 cases of BE without dysplasia (7%), 2/22 cases of BE with epithelial changes indefinite for dysplasia (9%), 0/26 cases of BE with LGD (0%), 10/33 cases of BE with HGD (30%), and 7/13 cases of BE with adenocarcinoma (54%). On follow-up, there were no invasive carcinomas detected among the BE without dysplasia group (median follow-up 38.5 months). Adenocarcinomas were detected in 4/22 cases (18%) submitted as BE with epithelial changes indefinite for dysplasia at 19, 55, 60, and 62 months and in 4/26 cases (15%) of BE with LGD at 9, 9, 11, and 60 months. None of these carcinomas occurred in cases in which an ulcer was present in the initial biopsy specimen. Among the 33 HGD cases, 20 (60%) were found to have adenocarcinoma on subsequent resection specimens. The presence of an ulcer with HGD increased the likelihood of finding carcinoma in the resection specimen, as 8/10 biopsies (80%) of HGD patients with ulcers had carcinoma, compared to 12/23 biopsies (52%) of HGD patients without ulcers. All of the cases interpreted as adenocarcinomas on biopsy were found either to have invasive carcinoma on esophageal resection or to have metastases that were demonstrated in unresectable patients. CONCLUSION: If an ulcer accompanies HGD in a biopsy specimen from a patient with BE, it is likely that invasive carcinoma is also present at that time. (Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97: 27–31. © 2002 by Am. Coll. of Gastroenterology)
Mustering motivation to enact decisions: how decision process characteristics influence goal realization

Decision scientists tend to focus mainly on decision antecedents, studying how people make decisions. Action psychologists, in contrast, study post-decision issues, investigating how decisions, once formed, are maintained, protected, and enacted. Through the research presented here, we seek to bridge these two disciplines, proposing that the process by which decisions are reached motivates subsequent pursuit and benefits eventual realization. We identify three characteristics of the decision process (DP) as having motivation-mustering potential: DP effort investment, DP importance, and DP confidence. Through two field studies tracking participants' decision processes, pursuit and realization, we find that after controlling for the influence of the motivational mechanisms of goal intention and implementation intention, the three decision process characteristics significantly influence the successful enactment of the chosen decision directly. The the oretical and practical implications of these findings are considered and future research opportunities are identified. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
40Ar-39Ar geochronometry of pseudotachylytes by vacuum encapsulation: North Cascade Mountains, Washington, USA

To determine a reliable means of dating pseudotachylytes, we obtained total gas ages, plateau ages and argon-retention ages on samples from the North Cascade Mountains, Washington. Quartz ampoule vacuum-encapsulation analysis of small grains (a few milligrams) from six samples allowed evaluation of 39 Ar loss through recoil during irradiation, and laser ablation on four samples allowed textural control. In microlitic samples, recoil-loss 39 Ar ranges from 0.2% to 8.4%. The “total gas” ages incorporating this 39 Ar are inconsistent, but retention ages are much more internally consistent, and within analytical error they match or nearly match plateau ages from most of the microlitic samples at 54–55 Ma. Samples analyzed by laser ablation suggest one episode of faulting and pseudotachylyte formation at 55–59 Ma, and an earlier episode at ca. 80 Ma. The partly glassy pseudotachylyte yielded laser-ablation, total gas, and retention ages of ca. 65 Ma. The microlitic pseudotachylytes indicate formation close to 55 Ma, with possible older faulting and pseudotachylyte formation at ca. 81–84 Ma. The good consistency among the retention ages, the laser ages with highest precision, and especially the plateau dates, combined with the ages falling within the anticipated time span, provides confidence in the geologic reality of the ages. Nevertheless, it is clear that large clasts and crystal fragments within these particular veins did not completely degas or may have an anomalous inherited radiogenic 40 Ar component.
Time, trace, memory.

Objections to a trace hypothesis for interval timing do not apply to the multiple-time-scale (MTS) theory, which incorporates a dynamic trace tuned by the system history and can easily accommodate interval timing over a 1,000:1 range. The MTS model can also account for Weber's law as well as systematic deviations from it. Contrary to our critics, we contend that patterns of variance in interval timing experiments are not fully described by scalar expectancy theory, and that attempting to understand timing by assigning variance to different elements of a flexible model that lacks inductive support is a flawed strategy, because the attempt may be successful even if the model is wrong. We further argue that biological plausibility is an unreliable guide to the development of behavioral theory, that prediction is not the same as test, that induction should precede deduction, and that a rat is not a clock.
When Walking Makes Perception Better

When we move, the visual world moves toward us. That is, self-motion normally produces visual signals (flow) that tell us about our own motion. But these signals are distorted by our motion: Visual flow actually appears slower while we are moving than it does when we are stationary and our surroundings move past us. Although for many years these kinds of distortions have been interpreted as a suppression of flow to promote the perception of a stable world, current research has shown that these shifts in perceived visual speed may have an important function in measuring our own self-motion. Specifically, by slowing down the apparent rate of visual flow during self-motion, our visual system is able to perceive differences between actual and expected flow more precisely. This is useful in the control of action.
Convergent Pad Polishing of Amorphous Silica

A new method of optical polishing termed “Convergent Polishing” is demonstrated where a workpiece, regardless of its initial surface figure, will converge to the lap shape in a single iteration. This method of polishing is accomplished by identifying the phenomena that contribute to non-uniform spatial material removal, and mitigating the non-uniformity for each phenomenon (except for the workpiece-lap mismatch due to the workpiece surface shape). The surface mismatch at the interface between the workpiece and lap causes a spatial and time varying pressure differential which decreases with removal, thus allowing the workpiece to converge to the shape of the lap. In this study, fused (amorphous) silica workpieces are polished using ceria slurry on various polyurethane pads. Polishing parameters were systematically controlled to prevent various sources of non-uniform material removal which include: (i) moment force, (ii) viscoelastic lap relaxation, (iii) kinematics, (iv) pad wear, and (v) workpiece bending. The last two are described herein. With these mitigations, removal uniformity has been demonstrated to within 1.0 μm over the surface after 83 μm of material removal corresponding to a within workpiece non-uniformity (WIWNU) of <1.2%. Also, convergence has been demonstrated down to 0.18 ± 0.04 μm peak-to-valley flatness on 100 mm-sized workpieces.
Bearing estimation in the bispectrum domain

A new array processing method is presented for bearing estimation based on the cross bispectrum of the array output data. The method is based on the asymptotic distribution of cross-bispectrum estimates and uses maximum likelihood theory. It is demonstrated that, when the noise additive sources are spatially correlated Gaussian with unknown cross-spectral matrix (CSM), the cross-bispectrum method provides better bearing estimates than the stochastic maximum likelihood method with known CSM. Analytical studies and simulations are given to document the performance of the new method. >
State reconstruction for linear time-invariant systems with binary-valued output observations

This paper focuses on state reconstruction problems for systems whose outputs are measured only by binary-valued sensors. A binary-valued sensor is characterized by its switching threshold or post-switching location and by its output that indicates only whether the system output is above or below the threshold. The traditional passive-type state reconstruction that does not require input design will fail in general, even if the system has a full-rank observability matrix. It is shown that under controllability conditions and bounded uncertainty on the initial state, it is always possible to construct a causal input that will cause the output to cross the sensor threshold in a designated time interval. Information on the time instants of threshold crossing is then used to reconstruct the initial state. It is proved that if the system is observable, such a reconstruction is always possible if the eigenvalues of the system are all real valued. If the eigenvalues of the system contain only purely imaginary and non-repeating values, it is sufficient that threshold crossing occurs within a relatively small time interval. In general without constraints on system eigenvalues, an input can always be randomized to ensure that the state can be reconstructed with probability one. These results lead to an active state reconstruction algorithm.
Beyond Classification: Latent User Interests Profiling from Visual Contents Analysis

User preference profiling is an important task in modern online social networks (OSN). With the proliferation of image-centric social platforms, such as Pinterest, visual contents have become one of the most informative data streams for understanding user preferences. Traditional approaches usually treat visual content analysis as a general classification problem where one or more labels are assigned to each image. Although such an approach simplifies the process of image analysis, it misses the rich context and visual cues that play an important role in people's perception of images. In this paper, we explore the possibilities of learning a user's latent visual preferences directly from image contents. We propose a distance metric learning method based on Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to directly extract similarity information from visual contents and use the derived distance metric to mine individual users' fine-grained visual preferences. Through our preliminary experiments using data from 5,790 Pinterest users, we show that even for the images within the same category, each user possesses distinct and individually-identifiable visual preferences that are consistent over their lifetime. Our results underscore the untapped potential of finer-grained visual preference profiling in understanding users' preferences.
Finnish experiences of health monitoring: local, regional, and national data sources for policy evaluation

Background : Finland has a long tradition of gathering information about the health and welfare of the adult population. Design : Surveys and administrative registers form the basis for national and local health monitoring in Finland. Results : Different data sources are used in Finland to develop key indicators, which can be used to evaluate how the national health policy targets have been met in different parts of the country and in different population subgroups. Progress has been shown in chronic disease risk factors, such as smoking reduction. However, some health policy targets have not been met. Socioeconomic health differences, for example, have remained large compared with other European countries. Conclusion : Although data availability for key health indicators is good in Finland, there is a need for wider and more comprehensive use of this information by political decision-makers and healthcare professionals. Keywords: health monitoring; health determinants; Finland (Published: 29 February 2016) Citation: Glob Health Action 2016, 9 : 28824 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v9.28824 Speciial Issue : This paper is part of the Special Issue: Monitoring health determinants with an equity focus. More papers from this issue can be found at www.globalhealthaction.net
Behavioral and transcriptomic profiling of mice null for Lphn3, a gene implicated in ADHD and addiction

Background The Latrophilin 3 (LPHN3) gene (recently renamed Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L3 (ADGRL3)) has been linked to susceptibility to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and vulnerability to addiction. However, its role and function are not well understood as there are no known functional variants. Methods To characterize the function of this little known gene, we phenotyped Lphn3 null mice. We assessed motivation for food reward and working memory via instrumental responding tasks, motor coordination via rotarod, and depressive-like behavior via forced swim. We also measured neurite outgrowth of primary hippocampal and cortical neuron cultures. Standard blood chemistries and blood counts were performed. Finally, we also evaluated the transcriptome in several brain regions. Results Behaviorally, loss of Lphn3 increases both reward motivation and activity levels. Lphn3 null mice display significantly greater instrumental responding for food than wild-type mice, particularly under high response ratios, and swim incessantly during a forced swim assay. However, loss of Lphn3 does not interfere with working memory or motor coordination. Primary hippocampal and cortical neuron cultures demonstrate that null neurons display comparatively enhanced neurite outgrowth after 2 and 3 days in vitro. Standard blood chemistry panels reveal that nulls have low serum calcium levels. Finally, analysis of the transcriptome from prefrontal cortical, striatal, and hippocampal tissue at different developmental time points shows that loss of Lphn3 results in genotype-dependent differential gene expression (DGE), particularly for cell adhesion molecules and calcium signaling proteins. Much of the DGE is attenuated with age, and is consistent with the idea that ADHD is associated with delayed cortical maturation. Conclusions Transcriptome changes likely affect neuron structure and function, leading to behavioral anomalies consistent with both ADHD and addiction phenotypes. The data should further motivate analyses of Lphn3 function in the developmental timing of altered gene expression and calcium signaling, and their effects on neuronal structure/function during development.
Distance Dependent Quenching and Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy in Tin-Loaded Polystyrene Scintillators

In this work, we report the synthesis and inclusion of rationally designed organotin compounds in polystyrene matrices as a route towards plastic scintillators capable of gamma-ray spectroscopy. Tin loading ratios of up to 15% w/w have been incorporated, resulting in photopeak energy resolution values as low as 10.9% for 662 keV gamma-rays. Scintillator constituents were selected based upon a previously reported distance-dependent quenching mechanism. Data obtained using UV-Vis and photoluminescence measurements are consistent with this phenomenon and are correlated with the steric and electronic properties of the respective organotin complexes. We also report fast scintillation decay behavior that is comparable to the quenched scintillators 0.5% trans-stilbene doped bibenzyl and the commercial plastic scintillator BC-422Q-1%. These observations are discussed in the context of practical considerations such as optical transparency, ease-of-preparation/scale-up, and total scintillator cost.
Striving for irrelevance: Toward a normative theory of non-governmental organizations

In recent times, scholars have increasingly advocated for a reinvention of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) centered around the idea that the adoption of competitive strategy techniques is essential for NGOs if they are to establish their effectiveness in the development process. We question the underlying assumption of similarity to argue that NGOs fundamentally differ from for-profit organizations (FPOs). NGOs are about eradicating the need for their existence permanently while FPOs are about perpetuating the need for their existence. Specifically, we argue that FPO strategic frameworks are based on an ‘organizational perpetuation’ frame that prioritizes the organization over all other goals, including social welfare. We show how adopting this frame by NGOs detracts from the social welfare provision and sometimes leads to perverse outcomes. Given NGO goals, we argue that adopting a ‘cease-to-exist problem frame’ that prioritizes social welfare concerns over that of organizational survival is critic...
Three Methods for Sampling Arthropod Numbers on California Cotton

Three collection methods were compared as measures of pest and beneficial arthropod numbers in cotton: a visual examination of plants, a modified berlese-funnel method, and whole-plant collection in cloth bags. Numbers of arthropods collected by the three methods were compared, with developmental stages separated where possible. No significant differences in the numbers collected by the three methods were detected when arthropod populations were at low densities. No single method was most effective for estimating all life stages of two or more particular arthropod species. A combination of the bag and berlese-funnel methods provided a better estimate for some arthropod populations than the use of bags alone. Some of these methods are suitable for research purposes, but none are feasible for use by commercial pest control advisors.
Kondo effect in a topological insulator quantum dot

We investigate theoretically the nonequilibrium transport properties of a topological insulator quantum dot (TIQD) in the Coulomb blockade and Kondo regime. An Anderson impurity model is applied to a TIQD system coupled to two external leads, and we show that the model realizes the spin-orbital Kondo effect at the Dirac point where the edge states are not split by a finite-size effect, leading to an additional $SU(4)$ symmetry because of the presence of strong mixture among four internal degrees of freedom. In a more realistic situation where the degeneracy is lifted due to the finite-size effect, we demonstrate that there is a richer structure in transport measurements. We illustrate a continuous crossover from four (spin and orbital) Coulomb peaks with large interpair spacing and small intrapair spacing to a double-peak structure in the local density of states (LDOS) as increasing the hybridization strength $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ within the Coulomb blockade regime. When temperature falls below the Kondo temperature ${T}_{K}$, four Kondo peaks show up in the nonequilibrium LDOS. Two of them are located at the chemical potential of each lead, and the other two are shifted away from the chemical potential by an amount proportional to the TIQD's bare energy level, leading to a triple-peak structure in the differential conductance when a bias voltage is applied.
Interferon Response During Coxsackie B-3 Infection in Mice. I. The Effect of Cortisone

The adverse effects of corticosteroids on resistance to viral infections have been recognized for a long time [1, p. 108; 2; 3]. In order to shed light on the mechanisms responsible for this enhanced susceptibility, studies were conducted to determine the effect of cortisone on interferon, an antiviral factor, the importance of which in resistance to viral infections is becoming widely accepted [4]. In the initial studies, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was employed as the inducer of interferon [5]. NDV, which does not go through a complete cycle of replication in the mouse and which produces no pathology unless given in "toxic" amounts [6, 7], was thought to be particularly suitable for this study, since the ancillary effects of the steroid on viral replication per se would be circumvented. It was found that pretreatment of mice with cortisone prior to induction of interferon by NDV led to a significant suppression of the response to interferon. Titers of interferon in the cortisone-pretreated mice were 10-fold lower than those in the control animals at the time of the maximal inter-
Bayesian inference for the offered optical network unit load

AbstractIn this article, Bayesian inference for the Offered Optical Network Unit Load (OOL) using non-informative, gamma, power function, and gamma-power function priors is considered. Pareto distributed ON-and OFF-periods generated by the ON/OFF sources at an Optical Network Unit (ONU) in an Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) system are assumed for our implementation in this article. A simulation study and a real-data-based illustrative example are given to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed Bayesian method over the large-sample method.
Production of Thailandepsin A from Burkholderia thailandensis E264/p BMTL3-tdp R Fermentation

The wild strain of Burkholderia thailandensis E264 can produce Thailandepsin A which is a promising anti-cancer drug. Based on positive regulation of tdp R, agenetic engineered strain of Burkholderia thailandensis E264/p BMTL3-tdp R was constructed to improve the yield of Thailandepsin A. An optimized culturing condition was obtained as: glucose and tryptone as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively; medium volume 65/250 m L; inoculum ratio 1%; induction by 0.5% lactose for 6 h after culturing for 15 h. After further optimization of the fermentation media, the yield of Thailandepsin A was 252.14 mg·L-1 which increased over 56% in comparison with the control. In addition, macroporous resin HP-20 was added to adsorb Thailandepsin A in the fermentation, and the yield of Thailandepsin A reached 283.75 mg·L-1, which increased 13.8% comparing that without HP-20. RT-PCR and the Ct value method were used to compare the genetic engineered strain with the wild strain, and the results show that tdp B and tdp C1 of the genetic engineered strain were enhanced 11.4 and 6.0 times respectively, and the yield of Thailandepsin A was enhanced 4.6 times, whichindicates that the over expression of regulatory gene tdp R promoted the transcription of biosynthetic genes and the production.
Cardiomyocyte Defects in Diabetic Models and Protection With Cardiac-Targeted Transgenes

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a common chronic complication leading to heightened risk of heart failure among diabetic patients. In this chapter, we describe the methods for maintenance and breeding of two diabetic animal models, OVE26 and Agouti mice, for type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. To understand the pathological mechanism, antioxidants such as manganese superoxide dismutase are overexpressed specifically in hearts of diabetic mice. Methods utilized to produce cardiac-targeted transgenic mice are presented in this chapter. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is evaluated in control, diabetic and transgene-protected diabetic animals by measuring contractility of isolated cardiomyocytes. Preparation and contractile analysis of cardiac myocytes are described in detail. Diabetic cardiomyocytes exhibit impaired contractility as well as delayed relaxation, and cardiac-overexpressed antioxidant transgenes are shown to reverse this damage.
Mindfulness is associated with psychological health and moderates pain in knee osteoarthritis

Summary Objective Previous studies suggest that higher mindfulness is associated with less pain and depression. However, the role of mindfulness has never been studied in knee osteoarthritis (OA). We evaluate the relationships between mindfulness and pain, psychological symptoms, and quality of life in knee OA. Method We performed a secondary analysis of baseline data from our randomized comparative trial in participants with knee OA. Mindfulness was assessed using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). We measured pain, physical function, quality of life, depression, stress, and self-efficacy with commonly-used patient-reported measures. Simple and multivariable regression models were utilized to assess associations between mindfulness and health outcomes. We further tested whether mindfulness moderated the pain-psychological outcome associations. Results Eighty patients were enrolled (60.3 ± 10.3 years; 76.3% female, body mass index: 33.0 ± 7.1 kg/m 2 ). Total mindfulness score was associated with mental (beta = 1.31, 95% CI: 0.68, 1.95) and physical (beta = 0.69, 95% CI:0.06, 1.31) component quality of life, self-efficacy (beta = 0.22, 95% CI:0.07, 0.37), depression (beta = −1.15, 95% CI:−1.77, −0.54), and stress (beta = −1.07, 95% CI:−1.53, −0.60). Of the five facets, the Describing, Acting-with-Awareness, and Non-judging mindfulness facets had the most associations with psychological health. No significant association was found between mindfulness and pain or function ( P = 0.08–0.24). However, we found that mindfulness moderated the effect of pain on stress ( P = 0.02). Conclusion Mindfulness is associated with depression, stress, self-efficacy, and quality of life among knee OA patients. Mindfulness also moderates the influence of pain on stress, which suggests that mindfulness may alter the way one copes with pain. Future studies examining the benefits of mind-body therapy, designed to increase mindfulness, for patients with OA are warranted.
Fibromyalgia syndrome: approach to management.

The management of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) has traditionally been multimodal and multidisciplinary, including education, physical modalities, and medication. In this article, an acronym is offered to help the clinician remember the important components of management. An improved understanding of the pathogenesis of FMS has allowed substantial refinements in its treatment. This is particularly true for medications that target specific symptom domains, allowing individualization of therapy. Since all FMS patients experience pain, there has been emphasis on that domain although medications are now available to address two or more domains with monotherapy. In addition, a logical basis is provided to help the clinician design strategic polypharmacy.
The Need for Psychosocial Interventions to Facilitate the Transition to Extended-Release Naltrexone (XR-NTX) Treatment for Opioid Dependence: A Concise Review of the Literature

Given the increase of opioid dependence and opioid-related morbidity and mortality, improving treatment options for individuals with opioid dependence warrants increased attention. This article provides a concise review of work in this area. Remission from opioid dependence can be very difficult to sustain, particularly in the absence of opioid replacement or opioid antagonist therapy. For those who wish to transition from opioid use or opioid replacement therapy to opioid antagonist therapy, a significant challenge can be the period of withdrawal symptoms that must be endured prior to the initiation of opioid antagonist therapy. Studies that have incorporated psychosocial interventions into detoxification protocols have found that they can result in improved treatment outcomes. Interventions based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy have shown promise in the treatment of clinical disorders that present with symptoms similar to those of opioid withdrawal and have been found to positively impact outcomes among those tapering from methadone. However, the use of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-based intervention has yet to be studied among opioid-dependent patients transitioning to XR-NTX, and its value to those transitioning to XR-NTX is currently unknown.
Impact of a Submaximal Warm-Up on Endurance Performance in Highly Trained and Competitive Male Runners

Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of a submaximal running warm-up on running performance in male endurance athletes (n = 16, Mage = 21 ± 2 years, MVO2max = 69.3 ± 5.1 mL/kg/min). Method: Endurance performance was determined by a 30-min distance trial after control and submaximal running warm-up conditions in a randomized crossover fashion. The warm-up began with 5 min of quiet sitting, followed by 6 min of submaximal running split into 2-min intervals at speeds corresponding to 45%, 55%, and 65% maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). A 2-min walk at 3.2 km/hr concluded the 13-min warm-up protocol. For the control condition, participants sat quietly for 13 min. VO2 and heart rate (HR) were determined at Minutes 0, 5, and 13 of the pre-exercise protocol in each condition. Results: At the end of 13 min prior to the distance trial, mean VO2 (warm-up = 14.1 ± 2.2 mL/kg/min vs. control = 5.5 ± 1.7 mL/kg/min) and mean HR (warm-up = 105 ± 11 bpm vs. control = 67 ± 11 bpm) were st...
Got Munchies? Estimating the Relationship between Marijuana Use and Body Mass Index.

BACKGROUND Although marijuana use is commonly associated with increased appetite and the likelihood of weight gain, research findings in this area are mixed. Most studies, however, report cross-sectional associations and rarely control for such important predictors as physical activity, socioeconomic status, and alcohol and other drug use. METHODS Using data from Waves III (N = 13,038) and IV (N = 13,972) of the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health, we estimate fixed-effects models to more rigorously study the relationships between marijuana use and body mass index over time. Our analyses include numerous sensitivity tests using alternative estimation techniques and at Wave IV we investigate the relationship between marijuana use and an alternative measure of body size (waist circumference). RESULTS Results show that daily female marijuana users have a BMI that is approximately 3.1% (p<0.01) lower than that of non-users, whereas daily male users have a BMI that is approximately 2.7% (p<0.01) lower than that of non-users. DISCUSSION The present study indicates a negative association between marijuana use and BMI. Uncovering a negative association between marijuana use and weight status is a valuable contribution to the literature, as this result contradicts those from some previous studies, which were unable to address time-invariant unobserved heterogeneity. IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH Future theory-based research is necessary to explore the metabolic and behavioral pathways underlying the negative associations between marijuana use and BMI. A broader understanding of such mechanisms along with causal estimates will be most helpful to both policymakers and clinicians.
Mdm2 ligase dead mutants did not act in a dominant negative manner to re-activate p53, but promoted tumor cell growth.

Mdm2 (murine double minute 2) is an oncogene, first identified in BALB/c 3T3 cells. Over-expression and gene amplification of Mdm2 were found in a variety of human cancers. Recently, Mdm2 was found to be an E3 ubiquitin ligase that promotes degradation of p53, which contributes significantly to its oncogenic activity. In this study, we test a hypothesis that Mdm2 ligase dead mutants, which retained p53 binding activity but lost degradation activity, would act in a dominant negative manner to re-activate p53, especially upon stressed conditions. Five Mdm2 constructs expressing wild-type and E3 ligase-dead Mdm2 proteins were generated in a Tet-Off system and transfected into MCF-7 breast cancer cells (p53+/+ with Mdm2 overexpression) as well as MCF10A immortalized breast cells (p53+/+ without Mdm2 overexpression) as a normal control. We found that expression of Mdm2 mutants were tightly regulated by doxycycline. Withdrawal of doxycycline in culture medium triggered over-expression of Mdm2 mutants. However, expression of ligase dead mutants in MCF7 and MCF10A cells did not reactivate p53 as shown by a luciferase-reporter transcription assay and Western blot of p53 and its downstream target p21 under either unstressed condition or after exposure to DNA damaging agents. Biologically, over-expression of Mdm2 mutants had no effect on p53-induced apoptosis following DNA damage. Interestingly, over-expression of Mdm2 mutants promoted growth of MCF7 tumor cells probably via a p53-independent mechanism. Over-expression of Mdm2 mutants, however, had no effect on the growth of normal MCF10A cells and did not cause their transformation. Thus, ligase dead mutants of Mdm2 did not act in a dominant negative manner to re-activate p53 and they are not oncogenes in MCF10A cells.
Determinants of Pro‐Fracking Measure Adoption by New York Southern Tier Municipalities

New York municipalities passed more than 60 measures promoting high-volume hydraulic fracturing (HVHF), 2008–12. These policies and resolutions signaled to state officials that municipalities desired HVHF's promised economic benefits and were anxious for an end to the state's HVHF moratorium. They also may be evidence of municipalities proactively preparing for a drilling boom. Why did some jurisdictions adopt these measures while others did not? While scholarship suggests that policy adoption is facilitated when jurisdictions and citizens possess more resources, capacity appears to have a negative or negligible impact on pro-HVHF action. Such action appears more likely when local actors anticipate HVHF's potential gains but have not previously experienced substantial drilling, perceive that the industry could be viable locally, and can access relevant policy examples. Some lessons from conventional adoption scholarship may not apply when policies are symbolic, advocacy may be elite-driven, and mimicry is an important diffusion mechanism.
Low Threshold Multiexciton Optical Gain in Colloidal CdSe/CdTe Core/Crown Type-II Nanoplatelet Heterostructures

Colloidal cadmium chalcogenide core/crown type-II nanoplatelet heterostructures, such as CdSe/CdTe, are promising materials for lasing and light-emitting applications. Their rational design and improvement requires the understanding of the nature of single- and multiexciton states. Using pump fluence and wavelength-dependent ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, we have identified three spatially and energetically distinct excitons (in the order of increasing energy): interface-localized charge transfer exciton (XCT, with electron in the CdSe core bound to the hole in the CdTe crown), and CdTe crown-localized XCdTe and CdSe core-localized XCdSe excitons. These exciton levels can be filled sequentially, with each accommodating two excitons (due to electron spin degeneracy) to generate one to six exciton states (with lifetimes of ≫1000, 209, 43.5, 11.8, 5.8, and 4.5 ps, respectively). The spatial separation of these excitons prolongs the lifetime of multiexciton states. Optical gain was observed in t...
Is There a Dark Side of Ambidexterity? Implications of Dueling Sales and Service Orientations:

This study examines how employee customer and selling orientations, and their interaction, impact frontline employees’ (FLEs) pursuit of service and sales-related performance outcomes. Applying a j...
The Impact of Enrollment in an OER Course on Student Learning Outcomes.

Open Educational Resources (OER) are gaining acceptance as legitimate and effective teaching materials in higher education, particularly in 2-year institutions. Despite the steady growth in the availability and use of OER, there have been relatively few studies on the efficacy of OER and student achievement. This study analyzed the effect enrollment in an OER course had on student academic achievement when controlling for prior academic achievement in an introductory online history course at a large community college. Correlation analysis and simple linear regression were conducted. The results of this research indicate a significant positive moderate correlation between OER and student achievement. The study provided a process by which future, more rigorous efficacy studies can be conducted.
Echocardiographic Diagnosis, Surgical Treatment, and Outcomes of Anomalous Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery

Background Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare condition that can be difficult to diagnose by echocardiography alone. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical and echocardiographic presentation of ALCAPA, create a set of critical echocardiographic diagnostic criteria, and report outcomes. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of all patients diagnosed with isolated ALCAPA at two major cardiac centers between 1990 and 2015. Results Of the 37 patients identified, only 54% presented in infancy. The anomalous coronary artery (CA) origin was clearly imaged in only 54% of echocardiographic examinations. However, other consistently identified echocardiographic markers were found, including left CA flow reversal (91%), collateral CA flow (85%), right CA dilation (81%), abnormal pulmonary artery flow (79%), mitral regurgitation (74%), left ventricular dysfunction (66%) and endocardial fibroelastosis (57%). Presenting echocardiograms had five of seven markers in 85% of patients. Left ventricular dysfunction was the most common marker in infants (89% vs 38%, P = .005); older children were more likely to have collateral formation visualized by color Doppler (100% vs 75%, P = .04). Following surgery, there were no early surgical deaths. The median follow-up duration was 10.3 years. At last follow-up, 92% had normal left ventricular function, 3% had moderate or worse mitral regurgitation, and 17% had required reintervention. Conclusions Echocardiographic markers can reliably identify ALCAPA; these markers vary with the age of presentation. Surgical outcomes are excellent, and most patients will recover left ventricular and mitral valve function.
Moderate deviations for marked Hawkes processes

We consider a linear Hawkes process with random marks. Some limit theorems have been studied by Karabash and Zhu [Stoch. Models, 31, 433–451 (2015)]. In this paper, we obtain a moderate deviation principle for marked Hawkes processes.
Enzyme polymorphism, oxygen and injury: a lipidomic analysis of flight-induced oxidative damage in a succinate dehydrogenase d (Sdhd)-polymorphic insect.

ABSTRACT When active tissues receive insufficient oxygen to meet metabolic demand, succinate accumulates and has two fundamental effects: it causes ischemia–reperfusion injury while also activating the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway (HIF). The Glanville fritillary butterfly ( Melitaea cinxia ) possesses a balanced polymorphism in Sdhd , shown previously to affect HIF pathway activation and tracheal morphology and used here to experimentally test the hypothesis that variation in succinate dehydrogenase affects oxidative injury . We stimulated butterflies to fly continuously in a respirometer (3 min duration), which typically caused episodes of exhaustion and recovery, suggesting a potential for cellular injury from hypoxia and reoxygenation in flight muscles. Indeed, flight muscle from butterflies flown on consecutive days had lipidome profiles similar to those of rested paraquat-injected butterflies, but distinct from those of rested untreated butterflies. Many butterflies showed a decline in flight metabolic rate (FMR) on day 2, and there was a strong inverse relationship between the ratio of day 2 to day 1 FMR and the abundance of sodiated adducts of phosphatidylcholines and co-enzyme Q (CoQ). This result is consistent with elevation of sodiated lipids caused by disrupted intracellular ion homeostasis in mammalian tissues after hypoxia–reperfusion. Butterflies carrying the Sdhd M allele had a higher abundance of lipid markers of cellular damage, but the association was reversed in field-collected butterflies, where focal individuals typically flew for seconds at a time rather than continuously. These results indicate that Glanville fritillary flight muscles can be injured by episodes of high exertion, but injury severity appears to be determined by an interaction between SDH genotype and behavior (prolonged versus intermittent flight).