cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Membrane-Permeable Mn(III) Complexes for Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Intracellular Targets

Intracellular compartments make up roughly two-thirds of the body, but delivery of molecular imaging probes to these spaces can be challenging. This situation is particularly true for probes designed for detection by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a high-resolution but relatively insensitive modality. Most MRI contrast agents are polar and membrane impermeant, making it difficult to deliver them in sufficient quantities for measurement of intracellular analytes. Here we address this problem by introducing a new class of planar tetradentate Mn(III) chelates assembled from a 1,2-phenylenediamido (PDA) backbone. Mn(III)-PDA complexes display T1 relaxivity comparable to that of Gd(III)-based contrast agents and undergo spontaneous cytosolic localization via defined mechanisms. Probe variants incorporating enzyme-cleavable acetomethoxy ester groups are processed by intracellular esterases and accumulate in cells. Probes modified with ethyl esters preferentially label genetically modified cells that express ...
Investigation on Control Situation of Endemic Fluorosis in Sihong County

[Objective]To know the control situation of endemic fluorosis by water defluorination,observe its control effect,and explore the change trend of water fluoride and endemic fluorosis under the natural condition.[Methods]The field systematic investigation was performed on all water defluorination projects in this county. Wamiao village of Caomiao township was chosen as the disease surveillance point,the water fluoride,urinary fluoride level and prevalence of dental fluorosis were monitored regularly.[Results] 128 water defluorination projects had been implemented in this county until 2009,the water improvement rate in the fluorosis areas was 74. 41% ,and the benefit rate of the residents was 71. 47% . The fluoride concentration of drinking water,water fluoride of population and prevalence of dental fluorosis stayed at high level before water defluorination,which decreased significantly after water defluorination.[Conclusion]At present,the hazard of fluorine in moderate and severe fluorosis area had been controlled in Sihong County,but there existed some problems in quality and management of water defluorination project. To improve the management of the water defluorination project and ensure the normal operation were the keys for consolidating the achievement of endemic fluorosis control in this county.
Effectiveness of fast mapping to promote learning in schizophrenia

Abstract Fast mapping (FM), a process that promotes the expeditious incidental learning of information, is thought to support rapid vocabulary acquisition in young children through extra-medial temporal lobe (MTL) regions. A recent study suggested that patients with MTL damage resulting in profound amnesia were able to learn novel word–image associations using an FM paradigm. The present study investigated whether FM would be an effective strategy to promote learning for individuals with schizophrenia, a severe mental illness associated with compromised MTL functionality. Twenty-five patients with schizophrenia and 27 healthy control subjects completed trials of incidental FM encoding (experimental condition) and explicit encoding (EE, control condition) over the course of three visits spaced one week (±2days) apart. All participants were evaluated for recognition 10min after each encoding condition was presented, and again one week (±2days) later. Results indicate that both groups performed better on the EE recognition trials when compared to FM ( p 's p 's
Evaluation of the Child with Sensorineural Hearing Impairment

When the physician is confronted with a child with sensorineural hearing impairment, he should do everything in his power to establish the cause of the hearing loss in order to diagnose those conditions that might be corrected or controlled and to counsel the parent concerning the child's future. Certain physical characteristic should alert the physician to the fact that there may be an accompanying sensorineural hearing loss. The family, gestational, and postnatal history may help establish this diagnosis. Finally, laboratory and x-ray examinations should be performed in an attempt to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.
Negative functional coupling between the right fronto-parietal and limbic resting state networks predicts increased self-control and later substance use onset in adolescence

Recent developmental brain imaging studies have demonstrated that negatively coupled prefrontal-limbic circuitry implicates the maturation of brain development in adolescents. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and independent component analysis (ICA), the present study examined functional network coupling between prefrontal and limbic systems and links to self-control and substance use onset in adolescents. Results suggest that negative network coupling (anti-correlated temporal dynamics) between the right fronto-parietal and limbic resting state networks is associated with greater self-control and later substance use onset in adolescents. These findings increase our understanding of the developmental importance of prefrontal-limbic circuitry for adolescent substance use at the resting-state network level.
Protein quality and the cost of selected commercial protein supplements.

Nonfat dry milk is the best protein supplement on the basis of biologic value and cost, according to this study.
Deep Learning for Natural Language Processing and Related Applications (Tutorial at ICASSP)

Deep learning techniques have enjoyed tremendous success in the speech and language processing community in recent years (especially since 2011), establishing new state-of-the-art performance in speech recognition, language modeling, and some natural language processing tasks. The focus of this tutorial is on deep learning approaches to problems in language or text processing, with particular emphasis on important applications including spoken language understanding (SLU), machine translation (MT), and semantic information retrieval (IR) from text. In this tutorial, we first survey the latest deep learning technology, presenting both theoretical and practical perspectives that are most relevant to our topic. We plan to cover common methods of deep neural networks and more advanced methods of recurrent, recursive, stacking, and convolutional networks. Next, we review general problems and tasks in text/language processing, and underline the distinct properties that differentiate language processing from other tasks such as speech and image object recognition. More importantly, we highlight the general issues of language processing, and elaborate on how new deep learning technologies are proposed and fundamentally address these issues. We then place particular emphasis on three important applications:1) spoken language understanding, 2) machine translation, and 3) semantic information retrieval from text. For each of the three tasks we discuss what particular architectures of deep learning models are suitable given the nature of the task, and how learning can be performed efficiently and effectively using end-to-end optimization strategies. Beyond providing a systematic tutorial of the general theory, we also present hands-on experience in building state-of-the-art SLU/MT/IR systems. In the tutorial, we will share our practice with concrete examples drawn from our first-hand experience in major research benchmarks and some industrial scale applications which we have been working on extensively in recent years.
The influence of gender on respiratory outcomes in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia during the first 3 years of life

Summary Introduction: Since premature males are more likely to be diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia we hypothesized that differences in respiratory outcomes after initial hospital discharge and during the first 3 years of life would exist between females and males diagnosed with BPD. Methods: Subjects with the diagnosis of BPD were recruited from the Johns Hopkins Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Clinic between 2008 and 2014. Clinical features were assessed through chart review (n = 482). Respiratory morbidities were assessed by caregiver questionnaires at clinic visits (n = 429), including emergency department visits, hospital admissions, systemic steroid use, and antibiotic use for respiratory reasons since the last BPD clinic visit or after initial hospital discharge if assessed at the first visit. Results: Male infants weighed significantly more at birth, had higher birth weight percentiles and were more likely to be non-white compared to female infants. The frequency of ever acute care use was 36.9% for emergency department visits, 27.4% for hospital admissions, 36.9% for systemic steroid use, and 40.5% for antibiotic use for a respiratory illness. No differences in respiratory morbidities were found between males and females. Females however, tended to be weaned from supplemental oxygen over 3 months later than males. Conclusions: Compared to females with BPD, males were more likely to weigh more, have higher birth weight percentiles and be non-white. After initial hospital discharge, there were no difference in respiratory morbidities between males and females with BPD. Female infants however were more likely to be weaned from supplemental oxygen at a later age than male infants. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:217–224. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A review of Political Ecologies of Meat Edited by Jody Emel and Harvey Neo

Global animal agriculture is now understood to be a leading cause of planetary environmental destruction, including its staggering contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, global deforestation, wa...
The Problems, Concerns, and Strategies of the Multinational Corporation

This paper attempts to discuss some of the major problems, concerns and strategies of the modern multinational corporation. Practically every firm in the United States today engages in or does business with a firm that is operating outside of the United States.
Survey of Emergency Department staff on disaster preparedness and training for Ebola virus disease.

Introduction: In the domestic response to the outbreak of Ebola virus disease from 2013 to 2015, many US hospitals developed and implemented specialized training programs to care for patients with Ebola. This research reports on the effects of targeted training on Emergency Department (ED) staff's Ebola-related perceptions and attitudes. Methods: One hundred fifty-nine members of the UNC Health Care System ED staff participated in a voluntary cross-sectional, anonymous Web survey administered using a one-time “post then pre” design. Participants responded to questions about risk, roles, willingness to provide care, preparedness, and the contributions of media, training, or time to opinion change using a Likert agree-disagree scale. The authors conducted t test comparisons of Likert responses to pretraining and post-training attitudes about Ebola preparedness. The authors conducted multinomial logistic regression analyses of index scores of change and positivity of responses, controlling for the effects of independent variables. Results: ED staff's opinions supported training; 73 percent felt all workers should receive Ebola education, 60 percent agreed all hospitals should prepare for Ebola, 66 percent felt UNC was better prepared, and 66 percent felt it had done enough to be ready for an Ebola case. Most staff (79 percent) said they had gotten more training for Ebola than for other disease outbreaks; 58 percent had experienced prior epidemics. After training, workers’ attitudes were more positive about Ebola preparation including perceived risk of transmission, readiness and ability to manage a patient case, understanding team roles, and trust in both personal protective equipment and the hospital system's preparations (13 measures, p < 0.0001 to p < 0.001). Overall, total opinion indices also changed significantly over the training period (Mean Difference [MD] = 17.45, SD = 9.89) and in the intended positive direction (MD = 15.80, SD = 0.91, p < 0.0001). Positive change and overall change from pre to post were significantly associated with more hours of training (p = 0.003). Despite different occupations, mean scores were similar. Staff rated training most important and media least important, as the sources of change in their attitudes (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: These findings suggest that disease-specific training for novel pathogens such as Ebola may result in positive staff perceptions of self-efficacy and occupational efficacy to treat potentially infected patients in the ED setting. Training, in this case, outweighed media content in changing staff perceptions of Ebola management.
Vision for Functionally Decorated and Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in Regenerative Engineering

The emerging field of regenerative engineering offers a great challenge and an even greater opportunity for materials scientists and engineers. How can we develop materials that are highly porous to permit cellular infiltration, yet possess sufficient mechanical integrity to mimic native tissues? How can we retain and deliver bioactive molecules to drive cell organization, proliferation, and differentiation in a predictable manner? In the following perspective, we highlight recent studies that have demonstrated the vital importance of each of these questions, as well as many others pertaining to scaffold development. We posit hybrid materials synthesized by molecular decoration and molecular imprinting as intelligent biomaterials for regenerative engineering applications. These materials have potential to present cell adhesion molecules and soluble growth factors with fine-tuned spatial and temporal control, in response to both cell-driven and external triggers. Future studies in this area will address a pertinent clinical need, expand the existing repertoire of medical materials, and improve the field’s understanding of how cells and materials respond to one another. Regenerative engineering seeks to combine our growing understandings of materials, stem cells, and developmental biology to generate therapeutic and curative treatments for a range of diseases. In this perspective, we discuss the utility and limitations of existing materials employed for regenerative engineering applications. These materials balance the dynamic need to provide mechanical strength, present therapeutic biomolecules, permit cell entry, and degrade over time. Then, we present recent developments in the field of materials science, which have generated hybrids of natural and synthetic origin. These blended, conjugated, and/or functionalized materials engage in intelligent and responsive interactions with the biological host. Specific interaction-response examples are discussed for the regeneration of nerve, bone, and cardiac muscle. In the future, intelligent materials for regenerative engineering will respond dynamically to signals produced by a patient’s cells or administered in a clinical intervention to facilitate tissue growth, healing, and recovery.
Thermal expansion feedback for wave-front shaping

We present a technique for focusing inside scattering media that combines optical-coherence-tomography (OCT) and wave-front-shaping (WFS). We use OCT as a non-invasive feedback for WFS optimization of a separate penetrating laser, based on light-induced thermal-expansions.
Coordination of Hydrogen Peroxide with Late-Transition-Metal Sulfonamido Complexes

Adducts of hydrogen peroxide and transition metals have been implicated as intermediates in biological and industrial processes but have only recently been observed. Therefore, knowledge of how hydrogen peroxide interacts with transition metals is extremely limited. Herein, we report the synthesis of H2O2 complexes of cobalt, nickel, and copper supported by sulfonamido ligands with second-sphere hydrogen bonding. Binding constant and decay kinetics are reported for four new M(H2O2) adducts, providing a foundation for future studies in H2O2 coordination and oxidation catalysis.
Resonant excitation cross-sections of erbium in freestanding GaN bulk crystals

Erbium doped GaN (Er:GaN) is a promising candidate as a new gain medium for high energy lasers. The excitation and emission mechanisms as well as the transition cross sections of the pump and laser wavelength are of paramount importance for understanding the performance of lasers and amplifiers made of Er:GaN materials. We report here the results of direct measurements of resonantly excited photoluminescence emission, photoluminescence excitation, and optical absorption spectroscopy in the 1.5 μm “retina-safe” spectral region performed on freestanding Er:GaN bulk crystals synthesized by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. The results established that 1514 nm and 1538 nm are the most appropriate resonant pump wavelengths for achieving gain and lasing, which differs from Er in YAG and glass hosts. The absorption coefficients (α) and absorption cross-sections (σexc) of Er in GaN in the 1.5 μm window have been directly measured, providing σexc = 1.4 × 10−20 cm2 and 2.7 × 10−20 cm2 for 1514 nm and 1538 nm pump wavelengths, respectively. These values are considerably higher than those of Er ions in glass and YAG hosts.Erbium doped GaN (Er:GaN) is a promising candidate as a new gain medium for high energy lasers. The excitation and emission mechanisms as well as the transition cross sections of the pump and laser wavelength are of paramount importance for understanding the performance of lasers and amplifiers made of Er:GaN materials. We report here the results of direct measurements of resonantly excited photoluminescence emission, photoluminescence excitation, and optical absorption spectroscopy in the 1.5 μm “retina-safe” spectral region performed on freestanding Er:GaN bulk crystals synthesized by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. The results established that 1514 nm and 1538 nm are the most appropriate resonant pump wavelengths for achieving gain and lasing, which differs from Er in YAG and glass hosts. The absorption coefficients (α) and absorption cross-sections (σexc) of Er in GaN in the 1.5 μm window have been directly measured, providing σexc = 1.4 × 10−20 cm2 and 2.7 × 10−20 cm2 for 1514 nm and 1538 nm pump wavele...
Relationship of epitope glycosylation and other properties of blood group proteins to the immunogenicity of blood group antigens

Background The intrinsic properties of polypeptide blood group antigens that determine their relative immunogenicities are unknown. Because size, composition, charge, dose, and epitope glycosylation affect the immunogenicity of other polypeptides, we examined whether similar properties were related to the immunogenicity of blood group antigens. Study design and methods Amino acid (AA) sequences of antithetical blood group antigens were searched for N- and O-glycosylation sites. Regression analysis was carried out to determine whether blood group protein properties, including total and ectodomain size, red blood cell (RBC) antigen site density, number of mismatched AAs between an antigen and its closest homolog, and differences in mass, charge, and hydrophobicity of the mismatched AAs, were related to immunogenicity. Results The immunogenicities of non-RhD polypeptide antigens were directly related to the total and ectodomain sizes of their carrier proteins. A negative power relationship existed between RBC antigen site density and immunogenicity, such that the most immunogenic antigens had the lowest site density. The strong immunogenicity of RhD was related to the number of AA mismatches between RhD and RhCE, to their cumulative hydrophobicity and electrostatic mismatch scores, and the cumulative AA mass difference. No N- or O-glycosylation differences were predicted for antithetical or homologous antigens, other than a previously known N-glycosylation difference between K and k. Conclusion Epitope glycosylation appeared not to be a determinant of immunogenicity for blood group antigens, except possibly for K. The immunogenicity of blood group antigens was positively related to total and ectodomain sizes of blood group proteins and negatively related to antigen site density. Such findings should be considered hypothesis generating for future, more definitive studies.
A Two-Level Sound Classification Platform for Environmental Monitoring

STORM is an ongoing European research project that aims at developing an integrated platform for monitoring, protecting, and managing cultural heritage sites through technical and organizational innovation. Part of the scheduled preventive actions for the protection of cultural heritage is the development of wireless acoustic sensor networks (WASNs) that will be used for assessing the impact of human-generated activities as well as for monitoring potentially hazardous environmental phenomena. Collected sound samples will be forwarded to a central server where they will be automatically classified in a hierarchical manner; anthropogenic and environmental activity will be monitored, and stakeholders will be alarmed in the case of potential malevolent behavior or natural phenomena like excess rainfall, fire, gale, high tides, and waves. Herein, we present an integrated platform that includes sound sample denoising using wavelets, feature extraction from sound samples, Gaussian mixture modeling of these features, and a powerful two-layer neural network for automatic classification. We contribute to previous work by extending the proposed classification platform to perform low-level classification too, i.e., classify sounds to further subclasses that include airplane, car, and pistol sounds for the anthropogenic sound class; bird, dog, and snake sounds for the biophysical sound class; and fire, waterfall, and gale for the geophysical sound class. Classification results exhibit outstanding classification accuracy in both high-level and low-level classification thus demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Ongoing and Multifaceted Assessment of Academic Library Professional Development Programs Enhances Their Efficacy

A Review of: Harker, K. R., O'Toole, E., & Sassen, C. (2018). Assessing an academic library professional development program. portal: Libraries and the Academy, 18(1), 199-223. https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2018.0010 Abstract Objective – To analyze various measures of need, participation, satisfaction, and impact of an academic library professional development program. Design – Multi-modal; surveys, curriculum vitae (CV) analysis, and attendance statistics. Setting – Academic library in the United States. Subjects – Library faculty of all ranks. Methods – Assessment of the Career Development Program began with an interest survey conducted at the beginning of the fiscal year in which participants ranked their interest in professional development topics. Attendance statistics were collected at all program sessions and participants were emailed post-event surveys comprised of three Likert-scale questions and an open-ended question. Participants in the peer-review service were emailed a survey with two Likert-scale questions and an open-ended question. All programs and surveys were voluntary. An “activities survey” attempted to document counts of scholarly publications and presentations according to geographic scope, format, and peer-review. However, due to low response rates, the activities survey was replaced after two years with an analysis of library faculty member CVs on a publicly-accessible university website. The final assessment was a narrative annual report that drew on and summarized all of the previously conducted assessments. Main Results – Multi-modal assessment of the professional development program improved its relevance and quality while also documenting its impact. Conclusion – Continuous and multi-faceted assessment of professional development programs not only leads to improved efficacy, but also provides accountability and details the value of the program to stakeholders. Professional development programs promote scholarly productivity, which has implications for the career satisfaction of academic librarians. Further research should investigate the validity of professional development program assessment instruments and identify which assessment methods are most effective for evaluating professional development programs and measuring the impact of this programming on scholarship.
Combined numerical and experimental simulations of unsteady ship airwakes

Abstract To aid pilot training for shipboard helicopter operations, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is increasingly being performed to model ship airwakes. The calculated velocity field data are exported to the flight simulator as look-up tables. In the Canadian context, work to expand ship airwake simulation capabilities for future use in flight simulators is currently being done using the open-source OpenFOAM. The current paper reports on the progress of this work using the simple frigate shape 2 (SFS2), which is a highly simplified ship geometry, to validate the method for low-sea-state (also referenced to as static) cases. By employing delayed detached eddy simulations (DDES), OpenFOAM was able to compute the unsteady ship airwakes well compared to experimental data and other references. After validation, OpenFOAM was applied to the Canadian Patrol Frigate (CPF), a more representative example of a naval vessel. Hybrid structured and unstructured grids were used because of the complexity of the CPF geometry. The agreement between the computed and the experimental results for the static CPF was reasonable, which built a solid foundation supporting further development of simulation for the CPF in motion.
Mechanisms for the Production of Rhythmic Behavior in Crustaceans

It is from some of the original work of Wiersma that the concept of identified neurons emerged. The idea that a single unique neuron could be repeatedly studied in different preparations was a milestone in the development of invertebrate neurophysiology and has resulted in extensive usage of invertebrate systems as models for studying vertebrate integrative mechanisms.
Exploring the “New” Frontier of Spirituality in Health Care: Identifying the Dangers

Enthusiasm is growing in nursing and medicine for addressing spirituality and religious needs in patient care. We urge caution and stress the need for greater awareness of the dangers involved. The first danger is the lack of any attention given to how informed consent might be relevant to the topic of patient autonomy in spiritual health care decisions. The second danger is that the major health care providers, nursing and medicine, are not adequately educated to provide such care. The third danger is that we have not yet sufficiently clarified the roles of the various providers and as a consequence coordination of quality spiritual care is in jeopardy.
Open network control

The vertical integration of ATM switches has stymied the deployment of innovative signaling and service technologies on ATM networks. This panel will discuss current proposals for realizing open signaling and service creation platforms that are inspired by established models of network management.
The Economy of Supply: Modeling Obsidian Procurement and Craft Provisioning at a Central Mexican Urban Center

This article examines the way that obsidian craftsmen at Xochicalco, Mexico obtained the raw material needed to produce prismatic blades at the site between A.D. 650 and 900. The paper models seven different forms of direct, indirect, and institutional procurement that craftsmen could have used to obtain this obsidian. These seven procurement models are evaluated using two types of information collected from four domestic workshops: (1) source analysis (NAA, PIXE) to identify where obsidian came from, and (2) technological analysis to determine the form in which obsidian entered workshops. The results indicate that Xochicalco craftsmen most likely were provisioned through itinerant craftsmen who periodically visited Xochicalco. Pressure cores nearing exhaustion were sold to Xochicalco craftsmen who rejuvenated them to produce additional prismatic blades using a hand-held blade removal technology. The results indicate that: (1) different forms of craft provisioning can be differentiated when multiple forms of data are incorporated into the distributional approach, (2) independent domestic craft specialists were the foundation for Mesoamerican economy and were individually responsible for the procurement of raw materials and the distribution of finished products, and (3) neither state institutions, nor the elite who directed them, were involved in the procurement of obsidian for craft specialists who produced valued tools.
Recognition Memory (in Primates), Neural Basis of

Recognition memory confers the ability to judge whether one has encountered an object, idea, or situation in the past. Neuropsychological studies in both humans and monkeys have shown that, at least for objects, the structures essential for recognition memory comprise a group of anatomically interconnected brain regions, including two small cortical areas on the underside of the temporal lobe, a portion of the thalamus as well as a small part of the frontal lobe. These areas are named the perirhinal cortex, entorhinal cortex, medial thalamus and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, respectively. Some research implicates another part of the temporal lobe, the hippocampus, but the evidence for its role in object recognition remains controversial. This neural network is thought to mediate recognition by recording an object's features, including not only its visual properties, but also its smell, taste, sound and feel.
Ground Reaction Forces in Ballet Differences Resulting from Footwear and Jump Conditions.

In the research devoted to ballet, ground reaction force (GRF) and shoe condition have been identified as possible risk factors for injury. Shoe conditions vary immensely between dancers and could indeed have significant impact on biomechanics and injury rates. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: 1. to investigate the maximal ground reaction force (GRFmax) when ballet dancers land from two jump conditions in pointe shoes, in flat technique shoes, and barefoot; and 2. to explore the effects that specific pointe shoe characteristics (shoe age, shank style) have on GRFmax. Twenty-one healthy female ballet majors in an elite college program volunteered for the study. All participants had similar years of classical ballet training (12.85 ± 2.37). For the study, they performed two ballet jumps, assemble and grand jete. Each jump was performed in the three shoe conditions mentioned previously. A total of 18 trials per subject were completed, with the order of jump type and shoe condition randomized. Each jump was landed on a force plate, and maximal GRFs were recorded. A repeated measures analysis of variance was calculated with two within subject factors, shoe type at three levels and jump type at two levels. Tukey's post hoc test was applied to significant findings. Alpha level was set a priori at p = 0.05. Results demonstrated no significant differences in GRFmax between the three shoe conditions; however, significant differences in GRFmax between the jump types were identified. Post-hoc testing revealed that when dancers performed the grand jete jump, higher GRFmax was obtained compared to the assemble jump. In conclusion, results of this study indicate that GRFmax varies between ballet jumps; however, it does not appear that shoe condition significantly affects GRFmax.
Atmospheric Electricity Studies at the Pierre Auger Observatory: Signal Comparisons between Lightning and Cosmic Ray Events

The research horizons of the Pierre Auger Cosmic-Ray Observatory widened when the collaboration found exotic (atmospheric) phenomena in both its Fluorescence Detector (FD) and Surface Detector (SD). The Cosmology and Geophysics task force of the Auger Collaboration focused some of its attention on these highly energetic events, which are correlated to some of the most intense convective thunderstorm systems in the world. In this proceeding, we compare the signal of these exotic events and the signal of cosmic rays, as seen in the FD and the SD. The FD has triggered on numerous transient luminous events, dubbed “elves" since their first observation in 2005. The SD observed peculiar events with radially expanding footprints, which are correlated with lightning strikes reconstructed by the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN). The traced signals of both of these atmospheric events last longer in time than cosmic ray signals. The footprints are much larger; typically more SD stations (or more FD pixels) contribute to the observations.
Detecting automation failures in a simulated supervisory control environment

AbstractThe goal of this research was to determine how individuals perform and allocate their visual attention when monitoring multiple automated displays that differ in automation reliability. Nin...
Case series: Amniotic band sequence with craniofacial abnormalities.

Background To objectively describe craniofacial, visual, and neurological features associated with amniotic band syndrome (ABS) and discuss likely associated multifactorial etiology. Methods A retrospective review of patients identified with ABS and concomitant limb involvement and craniofacial features was conducted. The following data were collected from the patients' medical records: demographic information, past medical history including birth history, surgical history, previous clinic visits/physical exams, description of craniofacial features and ABS, family history, any noted obstetric complications, visceral features, visual features, craniofacial features, intracranial features, neurological symptoms, developmental features, diagnostic tests (including radiographs, IQ testing, EEG findings, chromosomes), photographs, and treatment history. Results Seven patients were included in the final cohort, all of whom had a cleft lip with six having both cleft lip and palate. Other craniofacial abnormalities seen were facial clefts which were vertical oblique in nature, tear duct involvement, cranial deformities that required surgical correction with cranial reconstruction, recorded hypertelorism with vision and gaze abnormalities, coloboma, lagopthalmos and optic never dysplasia. Conclusions This case series presents seven children with craniofacial involvement associated with amniotic band sequence and attempts to categorize the salient dysmorphology and neurocognitive development. Major craniofacial anomalies in patients with ABS is a rare clinical finding that cannot be completely explained on the basis of premature amniotic layer disruption alone. This study supports that the dysmorphology seen in cases of ABS with craniofacial involvement is complex and most likely multifactorial. Level of evidence IV Case Series.
COMPOSITION OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN CLINICALLY NORMAL GRIZZLY BEARS ( URSUS ARCTOS HORRIBILIS)

Five cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from four clinically normal grizzly bears from the Washington State University Bear Research, Education, and Conservation Center. CSF samples were collected from the cerebellomedullary cisternal space. Samples were immediately processed and analyzed for microprotein content, red blood cells, white blood cells (WBCs), and differential cell count. Microprotein concentration (range 4.2-14.6 mg/dl; median, less than 6 mg/dl), total WBC count (range 0-2 cells/µl; median 2 cells/µl), and differential WBCs (predominance mononuclear cells) of the five CSF samples were comparable to previously published CSF analyses from clinically normal felines and canines. Providing documentation of CSF composition for clinically normal grizzly bears is important for neurologic disease diagnosis and treatment.
Predictors of health behaviors during a college national championship sports event: A daily diary study.

Objective: Few studies have examined relations between college sporting events and maladaptive health behaviors among non-athlete college students. Participants: 97 college students. Methods: Completed nightly surveys (alcohol, eating, physical activity, sexual risk taking, smoking) for 11 days around a National Championship game. Results: Baseline stress and rumination was related to worse health behavior; mindfulness was related to better health behavior. Hierarchical linear modeling showed that all maladaptive health behaviors significantly increased the day of the sporting event compared to individuals' baseline levels. Rumination significantly predicted a spike in alcohol use and sexual risk taking behavior on the day of the Championship game. Conclusions: Risk factors for maladaptive health behaviors include stress and rumination, while mindfulness is protective. Interventions may work to make sports events on campus safer for students (e.g., condoms, reminder emails, mindfulness interventions for at risk groups); more research is needed.
The structure of the accretion disk in NGC 4258

A wealth of new information about the structure of the maser disk in NGC 4258 has been obtained from a series of 18 VLBA observations spanning three years, as well as from 32 additional epochs of spectral monitoring data from 1994 to the present, acquired with the VLA, Effelsberg, and GBT. The warp of the disk has been defined precisely. The thickness of the maser disk has been measured to be 12 micro-arcseconds (FWHM), which is slightly smaller than previously quoted upper limits. Under the assumption that the masers trace the true vertical distribution of material in the disk, from the condition of hydrostatic equilibrium the sound speed is 1.5 km s −1 , corresponding to a thermal temperature of 600K. The accelerations of the high velocity maser components have been accurately measured for many features on both the blue and red side of the spectrum. The azimuthal offsets of these masers from the midline (the line through the disk in the plane of the sky) and derived projected offsets from the midline based on the warp model correspond well with the measured offsets. This result suggests that the masers are well described as discrete clumps of masing gas, which accurately trace the Keplerian motion of the disk. However, we have continued to search for evidence of apparent motions caused by “phase effects.” This work provides the foundation for refining the estimate of the distance to NGC 4258 through measurements of feature acceleration and proper motion. The refined estimate of this distance is expected to be announced in the near future.
Light-Activated Stress Relaxation, Toughness Improvement, and Photoinduced Reversal of Physical Aging in Glassy Polymer Networks

A covalent adaptable network (CAN) with high glass transition temperature (Tg ), superior mechanical properties including toughness and ductility, and unprecedented spatio-temporally controlled dynamic behavior is prepared by introducing dynamic moieties capable of reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) into photoinitiated copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC)-based networks. While the CuAAC polymerization yields glassy polymers composed of rigid triazole linkages with enhanced toughness, the RAFT moieties undergo bond exchange leading to stress relaxation upon light exposure. This unprecedented level of stress relaxation in the glassy state leads to numerous desirable attributes including glassy state photoinduced plasticity, toughness improvement during large deformation, and even photoinduced reversal of the effects of physical aging resulting in the rejuvenation of mechanical and thermodynamic properties in physically aged RAFT-CuAAC networks that undergo bond exchange in the glassy state. Surprisingly, when an allyl-sulfide-containing azide monomer (AS-N3 ) is used to form the network, the network exhibits up to 80% stress relaxation in the glassy state (Tg - 45 °C) under fixed displacement. In situ activation of RAFT during mechanical loading results in a 50% improvement in elongation to break and 40% improvement in the toughness when compared to the same network without light-activation of RAFT during the tensile testing.
No Guts No Glory! Redesign of Kneeling Rolls used in Elite Marksmanship Competition for improved Performance

Marksmanship is one of the oldest Olympic sports. The quest for consistent accuracy and precision is what led a 2016 Rio Olympics gold medalist to search for a better kneeling roll. During competition, 30 percent of the shots are taken from the kneeling position. In this pose, a kneeling roll is placed above the ankle to support the right foot to provide and maintain postural balance. The purpose of this study was to improve a marksman’s accuracy and precision by developing a kneeling roll that provides better stability during competition. A user-centered design process was used from prototyping through evaluation. The design process proceeded in a nonlinear manner, as user requested refinements necessitated return to ideation. The researcher observed a successful usability test, and after much testing the user is currently using this prototype during her international rifle shooting competitions.
Chvátal Rank in Binary Polynomial Optimization

Recently, several classes of cutting planes have been introduced for binary polynomial optimization. In this paper, we present the first results connecting the combinatorial structure of these ineq...
Managing adverse selection: underinsurance versus underenrollment

Adverse selection in insurance markets may lead some consumers to underinsure or too few consumers to purchase insurance relative to the socially optimal level. I study whether common government policy interventions can mitigate both underinsurance and underenrollment due to adverse selection. I establish conditions under which there exists a tradeoff in addressing underinsurance and underenrollment. I then estimate a model of the California ACA insurance exchange using consumer‐level data to quantify the welfare impact of risk adjustment and the individual mandate. I find (1) risk adjustment reduces underinsurance, but reduces enrollment and (2) the mandate increases enrollment, but increases underinsurance.
Doppler-Range Processing for Enhanced High-Speed Moving Target Detection Using LFMCW Automotive Radar

Range/Doppler migration and velocity ambiguity are two well-known problems encountered in high-speed moving target detection using linear frequency-modulated continuous wave (LFMCW) automotive radar. To mitigate the problems, we introduce a simple Doppler-Range Processing (DRP) algorithm by first performing Doppler processing via fast Fourier transform (FFT) across slow-time samples, followed by a simple interpolation step, and then range processing via FFT along Doppler migration lines over fast-time samples. The proposed DRP algorithm can achieve full range and velocity resolutions, as well as full coherent integration gains. It attains a computational complexity comparable to that of the conventional 2D-FFT based Range-Doppler Processing (RDP) approach, computationally much more efficient than existing approaches. The proposed DRP algorithm can automatically resolve the velocity ambiguity problems. We analyze its velocity ambiguity mitigation capability in relation to the radar bandwidth and the number of slow-time samples within a Coherent Processing Interval (CPI). The effectiveness and the computational efficiency of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated by numerical examples.
6-month old with new-onset weakness: consider infant botulism.

A 6-month-old boy with normal development developed constipation, poor feeding and lethargy, then drooping of the eyelids, weak cry, head lag and limb weakness. He had normal septic and metabolic work-up and neuroimaging studies. Myasthenia gravis (MG) and congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS) were initially considered; pyridostigmine trial showed no improvement. Examination (figure 1, video 1) revealed an alert child with sluggishly reacting pupils, horizontal ophthalmoparesis, proximal limb weakness and preserved tendon reflexes. Infant botulism …
Third Party Monitoring, Regulatory Compliance and Financial Reporting: Evidence from Banking

Confidential examination files show that the likelihood of a bank to voluntarily choose to be externally audited under internal controls is positively associated with disciplinary actions imposed against it by supervisors and that such actions seldom involve financial reporting. This identifies a broad role for third party monitoring in the governance of regulated entities. A narrow role in influencing financial reporting quality, on the other hand, is evidenced in structured interviews with bank examiners.
Training in Reporting of Child Maltreatment: Where We Are and Where We Need to Go

Given the international prevalence of child maltreatment, it is critical that adequate training in detection and reporting of child abuse be provided to all professionals. This chapter reviews the current state of training for professionals (educators, physicians, mental health professionals, and law enforcement) and provides recommendations for critical content areas. The model for training includes repeated training throughout professionals’ career (preservice, on-the-job, and continuing education), a format that includes discussion of sensitive material and emphasis on skill development and effective evaluation. The author acknowledges that training is only one component of a comprehensive prevention program.
Affective demonstratives and the division of pragmatic labor

Building on [1] and [2], [3] argues for a ‘division of pragmatic labor’: as a result of general pragmatic interactions, unmarked expressions are generally used to convey unmarked messages and marked expressions are generally used to convey marked messages (see also [4,5]). [6] explicitly splits this into two separate pressures (“What is expressed simply is stereotypically identified” and “What’s said in an abnormal way isn’t normal”), and [7], [8], [9], and [10] seek to characterize the opposition in terms how form-meaning pairs are optimally chosen.
Studies of tungsten composites containing fibered or reacted additives

Twenty-one sintered tungsten and tungsten-plus-additive billets were prepared in order to evaluate the feasibility of producing fiber-bearing composites by the elongation of materials in situ (in a tungsten matrix) during extrusion and to study reactions between the additives and the matrix with the objective of producing high-strength materials. Eight compounds, including oxides, borides, nitrides, and carbides, ranging in melting point from 4370–7030°F were successfully elongated in tungsten by extrusion at 4200°F. All composites with less than 10 vol. % additive exhibited improvements in stress-rupture strength. Composites with highly elongated additives ranged from 4 to 18 times better in stress-rupture life at 3000°F than the unreinforced pure tungsten matrix. The stress-rupture lives of several composites with more reactive additives and only moderate fibering increased to 25 to 50 times that of tungsten at 3000°F. The strengthening was presumed to be caused by reactions between the additives and the matrix. No judgment could be made from the study as to what extent the in situ fibering contributed to the increased strength. Because of inherent advantages, the in situ fibering method appears to have great potential for producing strong fibered composite materials and for producing fibers from strong, hard, and brittle refractory compounds and other relatively nondeformable materials.
A Representational Account of Olfactory Experience

Seattle rain smelled different from New Orleans rain…. New Orleans rain smelled of sulfur and hibiscus, trumpet metal, thunder, and sweat. Seattle rain, the widespread rain of the Great Northwest, smelled of green ice and sumi ink, of geology and silence and minnow breath. Tom Robbins, Jitterbug Perfume