cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Offset correction of low power, high precision op amp using digital assist for biomedical applications

Op amps created in new process technologies with smaller geometries face the problem of an increasing offset voltage due to a greater sensitivity to process variations and geometry mismatches at smaller channel dime n sions. This can negatively impact measurement accuracy when these op amps are used in biomedical measurement sys te ms such as a potentiostat. The conventional technique of increasing transistor gate dimensions to reduce offset has become more difficult to implement due to the limitations on channel length and the growing negative impact on performance in the latest technology nodes. This paper presents a new technique to correct offset voltage of an array of potentiostat op amps that dynamically adjusts the body voltages of a matching pair of PFET's in the op amp to null out the offset voltage.
Stress across an elastoplastic boundary of a mode I crack: parabolic to hyperbolic plasticity transition

Abstract In previous work, the stresses of a mode I elastic–plastic fracture mechanics problem were analytically continued across a prescribed elastoplastic boundary for plane stress loading conditions involving a linear elastic/perfectly plastic material obeying the Tresca yield condition. Immediately across the elastic-plastic boundary, a nonlinear parabolic partial differential equation governs the plastic stress field. The present solution deals with stresses extending beyond the parabolic region into the hyperbolic region of the plastic zone. This analytical solution is obtained through a tranformation of the original system of nonlinear partial differential equations into a linear system with constant coefficients. The solution, so obtained, is expressible in terms of elementary transcendental functions. It also exhibits a limiting line which passes through the crack tip. This feature of the solution suggests the formation of a plastic hinge in the material.
Patient early session experience and treatment outcome

Patient Session Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ: Stiles, 1980) ratings from early in treatment were examined in relation to outcomes during psychodynamic psychotherapy. Twenty-eight therapists treated 73 patients at a university-based clinic. A relationship between Smoothness ratings and symptom improvement approached statistical significance using bivariate correlations and multilevel analyses. A significant relationship was found between Positivity ratings and a broad scale of patient-rated functional improvement across many domains (i.e., psychopathology, interpersonal, occupational, and social) before and after accounting for therapist effects.
Generalizing the rattle theorem

Abstract The Rattle theorem states that a baby's rattle, the union of a 2-sphere Σ and its interior, is a topological 3-cell if the marble rattler in its interior touches every point of Σ as it rolls around inside the rattle. Other than rattlers that themselves contain marbles (such as a solid ellipsoid), there are no known substitutes for the marble in this theorem. Examples are given to show that some natural rattler choices among convex polyhedra fail to tame the rattle. However Σ is nearly tame in E3 if it can be touched at each of its points by the tip of a cone from a family of congruent cones in Σ∪Int Σ with sufficiently large cone angles.
The chemical composition and particle weight of Tipula iridescent virus.

Abstract Tipula iridescent virus is shown to contain 12.4% deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and 5.2% lipid, most or all of which is phospholipid. No ribonucleic acid (RNA), neutral polysaccharide, or amino polysaccharide can be detected, however, and indirect evidence indicates the absence of acid-soluble phosphorus compounds. The remainder of the virus material appears to consist mostly, or perhaps entirely, of protein, including some phosphoprotein. The DNA of the virus contains only the usual four bases, with the molar amount of adenine (A) equal to thymine (T) and of guanine (G) equal to cytosine (C). The molar dissymmetry ratio (A + T) (G + C) = 2.20 . The particle weight is 1.22 × 109, and the diameter of the frozen-dried particle is 130 mμ. The two figures are consistent with one another upon assuming a particle density of 1.39, which can be estimated from the chemical composition of the virus. The results are discussed with reference to other insect viruses and viruses in general.
Abstract 3892: BATF3 is a novel regulator of breast cancer cell invasion.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC The escape from tumor dormancy has been shown to be mediated by the acquisition of the angiogenic phenotype. Utilizing an in vivo model that reliably recapitulates the transition from the preangiogenic to the angiogenic phenotype, we have identified and validated the differential expression of a number of genes including a basic leucine zipper transcription factor, ATF-like-3 (BATF3). We further found that the mRNA level of BATF3 is significantly upregulated in angiogenic tumor lesions compared to preangiogenic lesions. In order to investigate the role of BATF3 in breast cancer neovascularization, we established a panel of ER+ and ER- breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, respectively, which stably overexpress BATF3 by lentiviral transduction. Cells overexpressing BATF3 exhibited significantly increased levels of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) compared to their wild type counterparts. Overexpression of BATF3 also significantly increased cell invasion in both cell lines. Moreover, MMP-9 (Matrix Metalloproteinase-9) levels and activity were significantly increased in MDA-MB-231-BATF3 cells. This latter observation suggested that the increased invasiveness observed might be due to elevated levels of MMP-9, which has been shown to regulate tumor cell invasion by remodeling the surrounding extracellular matrix. TIMP-1, an endogenous inhibitor of MMP-9 activity, was also significantly increased in MDA-MB-231-BATF3 cells, however the ratio of MMP-9 to TIMP-1 is dramatically higher in these cells as compared with control cells. Interestingly, BATF3 also significantly suppressed cell proliferation in both the MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cell lines. Taken together, these data support the conclusion that BATF3 may play a dual role in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis, growth and progression. (Supported by NIH P01 CA045548, The Breast Cancer Research Foundation, The Advanced Medical Research Foundation, and the Harvard College Research Program). Citation Format: Elliot Stein, Di Jia, Marsha Moses. BATF3 is a novel regulator of breast cancer cell invasion. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3892. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3892
Evidence for the Importance of Peripheral Tissue Events in the Development of Hirsutism in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Hirsutism can occur in the presence of normal or near normal levels of serum testosterone, unbound testosterone (uT), dehydroepiandrostene sulfate, androstenedione, and dihydrotestosterone. However, we have found that serum androstanediol glucuronide (3α-diol G) is markedly increased in idiopathic hirsutism and it serves as an excellent marker of peripheral androgen metabolism and action. In the present work, we studied 12 hirsute (H) and 12 nonhirsute (NH) patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) and 13 age and weight matched controls in order to determine if differences in sex steroid levels or peripheral tissue androgen events were associated with hirsutism. Serum unbound estradiol levels and LHFSHratios were similar in both groups of women with PCO, and both were significantly higher than levels in controls (P < 0.05). Whereas serum testosterone, uT, and androstenedione were elevated in both H-PCO and NH-PCO patients compared to controls, the levels in these two groups were similar. Serum dehydro...
Preparative separation of DNA--ethidium bromide complexes by zonal density gradient centrifugation.

Abstract Ethidium bromide-DNA complexes separated by rate-zonal sedimentation through a density gradient can be readily visualized and purified with little cross-contamination. The method is simple, rapid, and efficient.
ADAPTIVE LEARNING AND MONETARY POLICY IN AN OPEN ECONOMY: LESSONS FROM JAPAN

Motivated by Japan's economic experiences and policy debates over the past two decades, this paper uses a dynamic general equilibrium open economy model to examine the volatility and welfare impact of alternative monetary policies. To capture the dynamic effects of likely structural breaks in the Japanese economy, we model agents’ expectation formation process with an adaptive learning framework, and compare four Taylor-styled policy rules that reflect concerns commonly raised in Japan's actual monetary policy debate. We first show that imperfect knowledge and the associated learning process induce higher volatility in the economy, while still retaining some of the policy conclusions from rational-expectations setups. In particular, explicit exchange rate stabilization is unwarranted; moreover, under volatile foreign disturbances, policymakers should consider targeting domestic price inflation rather than consumer price inflation. However, contrary to results based on rational expectations, we show that even though highly inflation-sensitive rules do raise output volatility, they may nevertheless improve overall welfare in an adaptive learning setting by smoothing inflation fluctuations. Our findings suggest that previous policy conclusions that are based on partial equilibrium analyses, or that ignore likely deviations from rational expectations, may not be robust.
Complications of Liver Surgery

Over the years, improvements in the understanding of the functional anatomy of the liver, patient selection, and surgical technique have greatly reduced the rate of complications of hepatic surgery. Consequently, the number of liver resections has greatly increased over the last decade. Nonetheless, intraoperative complications continue to exist. This chapter will discuss the most common complications associated with non-transplant liver surgery and evaluate potential treatment options. We will focus on methods to reduce intraoperative blood loss and ischemia–reperfusion injury after hepatic resections and, lastly, discuss the issue of low remaining hepatic mass in the setting of excessive liver resection.
Asymptotic Optimization in Finite Directed Graphs

The basic problem considered here is that of find ing the “best path” of infinite length in a directed graph with a finite number of vertices. “Best path” is interpreted to mean that path which minimizes a suitable sum of costs, when a cost is assigned to each arc.
Advances in Patient Adherence to Medical Treatment Regimens: The Emerging Role of Technology in Adherence Monitoring and Management: Technological Advances in Patient Adherence

Adherence is a term used to describe the extent to which an individual's behavior coincides with health-related instructions or recommendations given by a healthcare provider in the context of a specific disease or disorder. Despite significant advances in biomedical science related to the treatment of disease, the problem of nonadherence remains pervasive and may be aptly described as a global public health concern. The recent proliferation of telemedicine coupled with the ubiquity of personal computers, mobile phones, and other wireless communication devices have, in part, led to the development and implementation of a variety of technology-based methods used to assess, monitor, and manage adherence. As the chronic illness burden continues to grow, these methods may offer solutions to some of the limitations of traditional means particularly for conditions requiring complex self-management and lifestyle adjustment. In this article, we briefly review recent advances in adherence monitoring and management including m-health, home telemonitoring systems, web-based support (i.e., self-management websites and virtual support groups), and patient portals and personal health records before concluding with a brief account of some exciting new technologies under development in the context of patient adherence.
Does Transaction Misalignment Matter for Firm Survival at All Stages of the Industry Life Cycle

Research on industry life cycles suggests that competitive pressures are more severe during the shakeout stage, which could be associated with the emergence of a dominant design, than at other stages. Transaction-cost theory, on the other hand, assumes generally competitive markets and does not address the industry life cycle. It therefore implies that transaction-cost economizing is a superior firm strategy regardless of the stage of the life cycle. This paper seeks to reconcile these two streams of research by investigating whether aligning transactions with governance modes in accordance with transaction-cost prescriptions has a differential effect on firm survival in preshakeout versus shakeout stages of the industry life cycle. Analyzing data from the early U.S. auto industry (1917--1933), we find that while transaction misalignment did not have a significant impact on firm survival during the preshakeout stage or during the period as a whole, it did have a significantly larger negative impact on survival during the shakeout stage than during the preshakeout stage. We also find that the negative effects of misalignment on survival were significantly weaker for larger firms during the shakeout stage. This suggests that applications of transaction-cost theory which assume uniformly severe selection pressures across the industry life cycle and uniform effects of misalignment across firms of different sizes could be misleading. It also suggests that theories of the industry life cycle could usefully take transaction costs into account along with production costs in their analyses of competition over the life cycle.
Directed walk designs for dose-response problems with competing failure modes.

SUMMARY: We examine adaptive allocation designs for the problem of determining the optimal therapeutic dose for subjects in early phase clinical trials. A su bject can fail due to lack of efficacy or due to a toxic reaction. Successful subjects will have both a posit ive response and no toxic side effects. Thus, we seek to maximize the product of the non-toxicity and effica cy dose response curves. We are interested in sampling rules that perform well along several criteria, including the ethical criterion that, as often as possible, experimental subjects be treated at or close to th e maximum in question. Statistically, we wish to identify the optimum dose with high probability at the close of the experiment. Here, we propose designs that combine new allocation policies, directed walks, with new smoothed shape constrained curve fitting techniques. These are compared with a variety of other curve fitting techniques and with up-and-down and equal allocation rules.
Squamous carcinoma in situ of the skin containing premelanosomes, with melanocytic colonization of the tumor

Premelanosomes in nonmelanocytic epithelial neoplasms and "colonization" of nonmelanocytic tumors by melanocytes are two phenomena rarely documented in the literature. We report a squamous carcinoma-in-situ of skin displaying both phenomena. Light microscopy showed clusters of tumor cells in the epidermis, some of which contained melanin. Dendritic melanocytes were admixed with the tumor cells. No ulceration was present. Immunoperoxidase stains for keratin showed no staining of tumor cells. Some nondendritic cells stained for HMB-45, consistent with a melanocytic lesion. Electron microscopy showed two cell types, one with desmosomes, tonofilaments, and premelanosomes and a second dendritic type with only premelanosomes. Premelanosomes were also present free in the intercellular space. These findings suggest that premelanosomes may first be discharged by melanocytes into the intercellular space and are then phagocytosed by the neoplastic cells. Thus the presence of premelanosomes in a tumor cell is not pathognomonic for melanoma or other neural crest tumors.
Looking Under the Street Lamp Inappropriate Uses of Measures Just Because They Are There

Unwarranted policy implications may emerge from the inappropriates use of measures and simplistic interpretations of trends in the employment data for people with disabilities. An example of this p...
Validation Studies for the Dual Optimization of Indentation Creep and Stress Relaxation of Biological Soft Tissues Using Biphasic Poroviscoelasticity: Potential Method for Brain Tissue

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is highly fatal and has profound physical and psychological repercussions for survivors. Knowledge of the precise material properties of brain tissue is crucial in developing holistic computational models to predict and prevent TBI. Despite the recent proliferation of material models of brain tissue, none have utilized porous media theory to explicitly include the significant fluid component of the hydrated soft tissue. Furthermore, the delicate composition of brain tissue limits the number of suitable biomechanical testing methodologies. In order to incorporate these considerations, in situ indentation creep and stress relaxation tests and linear biphasic poroviscoelasticity (BPVE) [1] were proposed to characterize the material properties of cerebral brain tissue. The objective of the present study was to evaluate these experimental and computational protocols in which the data from indentation creep and stress relaxation tests were simultaneously curve-fitted using a dual-optimization technique to determine the material parameters of the linear BPVE model.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Intrahepatic markers of hepatitis delta virus infection: a study by in situ hybridization.

The intrahepatic distribution of hepatitis delta virus RNA was studied by in situ hybridization in 33 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsies from 17 chronic hepatitis B virus carriers superinfected with hepatitis delta virus. The findings were correlated with the expression of the hepatitis delta antigen, the duration of the hepatitis delta virus infection and the eosinophilic degeneration of the hepatocytes. Intranuclear hepatitis delta virus RNA and antigen were found in 28 specimens, whereas the remaining five were negative for both markers. Hepatitis delta virus RNA and antigen were mostly found within the same cell. In 20 specimens, however, a variable number of hepatocytes showed the presence of hepatitis delta virus RNA alone. The percentage of these over the total number of infected cells was higher in the specimens taken within 1 year from the acute delta hepatitis, whereas their absence was invariably associated with a long-established hepatitis delta virus infection. Interestingly, the vast majority of hepatocytes undergoing eosinophilic degeneration, a change significantly associated with hepatitis delta virus infection, did not show the presence of either hepatitis delta virus RNA or the viral antigen, suggesting a lack of association, at the cellular level, between viral replication and cytopathological change. The specificity of the detection of hepatitis delta virus RNA was confirmed by negative findings in nine specimens from seven chronic hepatitis B virus carriers without evidence of past or current hepatitis delta virus infection. The loss in sensitivity due to the formalin fixation was estimated to be 50% of that obtained in frozen biopsies, as determined by counting autoradiographic grains over infected cells. Consistent results were obtained when sections from the same biopsies were hybridized in separate experiments. Detection of hepatitis delta virus RNA by in situ hybridization in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections is therefore a rapid, specific, sensitive and reproducible assay for monitoring intrahepatic hepatitis delta virus replication and might have diagnostic relevance.
The Relationship Between “Textisms” and Formal and Informal Writing Among Young Adults:

The Net Generation has adopted textisms as shortcuts in electronic communication. Two studies investigated whether the reported use of textisms in daily electronic communication is related to the quality of writing. Seven hundred and eighteen young adults were queried about how often they used linguistic and contextual textisms, instant messaging, monthly cell minutes, and monthly text messaging. In Study 1 they wrote a formal letter to a company and in Study 2 they were asked to write both a formal letter and provide an informal writing sample on happiness. Textism use was quite low, a finding that was consistent with previous research on texting and instant messaging. The data reflected negative associations between reported textism use in daily communications and formal writing and positive associations between textisms use and informal writing. These relationships varied by gender and level of education, varying most strongly among those without a college education. The results are discussed in terms ...
A Multiplex Theory of Urban Service Distribution: The Case of School Expenditures

The literature on urban service delivery has crystallized into two key theoretical perspectives, one emphasizing agency and interests and the other structure and bureaucracy. These perspectives typ...
An Efficient Approach for Damping Parameter Design in Collocated Structural Systems Using An H2 Upper Bound

The paper presents an LMI-based approach for optimally designing the damping parameters in structural systems with collocated actuators and sensors. The proposed design methodology is based on a recently developed H2 norm upper bound for collocated structural systems in [1]. Using the proof for this upper bound result, the design problem is formulated as a convex optimization problem with respect to the damping coefficients of the structural system. A numerical example motivated from an engineering application demonstrates the theoretical advantages and computational efficiency of the proposed method.
Predictable, Efficient System-Level Fault Tolerance in C^3

Predictable reliability is an increasingly important aspect of embedded and real-time systems. This includes the ability to recover from unknown faults in a manner that maintains system timing guarantees, even when these faults occur within system components. This paper presents the C3 system, which is the first system implementation we know of for predictable, system-level fault tolerance that doesn't require physical redundancy. We introduce both the system design, and two timing analyses that enable the predictable recovery from faults in operating system components, and identify recovery inversion as a main impediment to schedulable recovery. C3 provides fault-tolerance for low-level system components using a combination of efficient u-reboots, and an interface-driven mechanism to recreate component state. C3 introduces on-demand recovery that properly prioritizes aspects of the recovery process to avoid this inversion and not inhibit system timeliness. We compare this system to both eager recovery, and to check pointing of a Para virtualized real-time OS.
Pathogens and atherosclerosis: Update on the potential contribution of multiple infectious organisms to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis

It is currently unclear what causes the chronic inflammation within atherosclerotic plaques. One emerging paradigm suggests that infection with bacteria and/or viruses can contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis either via direct infection of vascular cells or via the indirect effects of cytokines or acute phase proteins induced by infection at non-vascular sites. This paradigm has been supported by multiple epidemiological studies that have established positive associations between the risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality and markers of infection. It has also been supported by experimental studies showing an acceleration of the development of atherosclerosis following infection of hyperlipidaemic animal models. There are now a large number of different infectious agents that have been linked with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. These include: Chlamydia pneumoniae, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Helicobacter pylori , influenza A virus, hepatitis C virus, cytomegalovirus, and human immunodeficiency virus. However, there are significant differences in the strength of the data supporting their association with cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. In some cases, the infectious agents are found within the plaques and viable organisms can be isolated suggesting a direct effect. In other cases, the association is entirely based on biomarkers. In the following review, we evaluate the strength of the data for individual or groups of pathogens with regard to atherosclerosis pathogenesis and their potential contribution by direct or indirect mechanisms and discuss whether the established associations are supportive of the infectious disease paradigm. We also discuss the failure of antibiotic trials and the question of persistent infection.
Factor Structure of the Coaching Behavior Questionnaire and Its Relationship to Athlete Variables

Little research exists to identify optimal coaching behaviors and factors that influence the effectiveness of particular behaviors. The present study tested 484 athletes in order to determine sub-scales on the Coaching Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ). The CBQ measures athletes’ perceptions of coaching behaviors and evaluates their effectiveness in helping athletes play better and maintain optimal mental states and focus. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the two-factor model (negative activation, supportiveness/emotional composure) derived from an exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Correlational analyses indicated that athletes with higher anxiety and lower self-confidence and compatibility with the coach were more likely to negatively evaluate coaching behaviors. The results support and expand on Smoll and Smith’s (1989) model of leadership behaviors in sport. The coach is the most important person in determining the quality and success of an athlete’s sport experience, yet surprisingly, little research exists that
Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase Mediates Fibrotic and Inflammatory Effects of Leptin on Hepatic Stellate Cells

Although leptin induces fibrotic activity in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the mechanisms are not entirely understood. To investigate the potential role of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leptin signaling in HSCs, we analyzed leptin-induced intracellular signaling pathways in primary wild-type (WT), p47 phox / , and signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 (STAT3)-deleted HSCs. Leptin-stimulated ROS production was attenuated in human and mouse HSCs by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenylene-iodonium (DPI) and in HSCs lacking the NADPH component p47 phox . Leptin-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and AKT, but not of STAT3, was blocked by NADPH oxidase inhibition. Moreover, leptin-induced ROS production was inhibited by the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, AG490, but normal ROS production was observed in STAT3-deleted HSCs. Pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of NADPH in HSCs not only resulted in a reduction of leptin-mediated HSC proliferation but also reduced the leptin-mediated up-regulation of the fibrogenic markers collagen 1(I) and -smooth muscle actin and of the inflammatory mediators monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 (MIP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2). In vivo, leptin enhanced chemokine expression induced by chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 (CCl4) in WT mice, but a blunted response was observed in p47 phox/ mice. In conclusion, NADPH oxidase is a crucial mediator of proliferative, fibrogenic, and inflammatory actions of leptin. Leptin-induced NADPH oxidase acts downstream of JAK activation but is independent of STAT3. Our results, in conjunction with previous studies on angiotensin II and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), place NADPH in the center of the fibrogenic signaling response in HSCs and demonstrate its potential role as a pharmacological target for antifibrotic therapies. (HEPATOLOGY 2008;48:2016-2026.)
Does methane pose significant health and public safety hazards?—A review

It has been suggested by some that methane contamination of water wells is the main negative consequence of the development of natural gas resources. Concurrently, speculation in academic white papers and in the press that methane may be toxic has resulted in public concern. In northern Pennsylvania, methane being released from groundwater and entering homes (so-called stray gas) has become a focus of this concern. This phenomenon was widespread decades before shale gas development was initiated. This paper reviews the available literature on the safety and health hazards associated with natural gas. It concludes that the risks to homeowners are highest from flash fires occurring in methane oxygen gas clouds at relatively low methane concentrations collecting in poorly ventilated, confined areas of houses such as basements. Such risks can be mitigated effectively and in most cases at minimal cost. Methane can result in death from hypoxia (lack of oxygen) but only at methane levels in the air of more than 60%, which are unlikely to develop except under exceptional circumstances. There is no evidence that low to moderate levels of exposure to methane in air have any toxic effect on humans, and evidence for such effects at very high levels (already fatal because of hypoxia) is equivocal. It seems likely that methane at concentrations at least as high as 2.5% may well have positive health benefits for some diseases.
Sacred in the City: The Huron Indian Cemetery and the Preservation Laws

The Huron Indian Cemetery sits on a hill above the confluence of the Missouri and Kansas Rivers. It is several acres of predominant green, with grass, mature trees, and modest, weathered grave stones, surrounded by the sterile concrete of a struggling Midwestern city. Desultory businesses, colorless governmental offices, a casino, and strong evidence of poverty and vandalism lap at the shores of the small sanctuary. Yet despite the drab and essential joylessness of the encircling faded modernity, the cemetery holds a surprising sense of peace and even timelessness. The serenity may seem incongruous, not only because of the tawdry surroundings, but also because of the cemetery’s chaotic history as a center of numerous legal and economic conflicts. This article will focus on the story of endurance and on the reciprocating feelings inspired by and invested in this unique burial place. It will deal with the general, perhaps inevitable, tension between the sacred and the profane – the clash between the emotion, solemnity, and repose of a spiritual site, the transformative calculations of economic and political expediency and the law that may bridge that gap.
Supervised Topic Models for Microblog Classification

In this paper we present a topic model basedapproach for classifying micro-blog posts into a giventopics of interests. The short nature of micro-blog postsmake them challenging for directly learning a classificationmodel. To overcome this limitation, we use content ofthe links embedded in these posts to improve the topiclearning. The hypothesis is that since the link content is farricher than the content of the post itself, using link contentalong with the content of the post will help learning. However, how this link content can be used to constructfeatures for classification remains a challenging issue. Furthermore, in previous methods, user based information isutilized in an ad-hoc manner that only work for certaintype of classification, such as characterizing content ofmicroblogs. In this paper, we propose supervised topicmodel, User-Labeled-LDA and its nonparametric variantthat can avoid the ad-hoc feature construction task andmodel the topics in a discriminative way. Our experimentson a Twitter dataset shows that modeling user interestsand link information helps in learning quality topics forsparse tweets as well as helps significantly in classificationtask. Our experiments further show that modeling thisinformation in a principled way through topic modelshelps more than simply adding this information through features.
IS4-1PHARMACEUTICAL CARE FOR PATIENTS RECEIVING CANCER TREATMENT

Abstract The role of the Pharmacist in providing pharmaceutical care for oncology patients is dynamically changing. In the United States, the profession of Pharmacy has grown dramatically over the past decade. The Pharmacist's degree has changed from a Bachelor of Science to an entry level Doctor of Pharmacy. Graduates are flooding into the Hospital, Academic, and Ambulatory Clinic settings. As a result, postDoctoral training is becoming more common. In order to provide pharmaceutical care for patients receiving cancer treatment two years of postdoctoral training is recommended. Following postdoctoral specialty training, Oncology Specialty Pharmacists must continue to learn and read literature daily in order to keep up with the fast paced Oncology environment. Furthermore, Pharmacists are encouraged to take their board exams to become board certified in oncology pharmacy (BCOP). Oncology Pharmacist Specialists are involved in designing, monitoring, and changing chemotherapy for patients. They also play a prominent role in medical rounds in the day to day care of patients receiving chemotherapy. This entails formulating supportive care treatment plans for chemotherapy induced toxicities, infections, and their underlying comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, etc. Providing education is paramount to pharmaceutical care. Patients are educated by a Pharmacist on their chemotherapy regimen and their supportive care medications. Pharmacists also provide education to their Attending Physicians, fellows, residents, and students. Lastly, Oncology Pharmacists indirectly impact patients through clinical research, institutional guideline implementation, chemotherapy orderset building, and reporting of safety events.
Neglected citizens and willing traders: The villas del norte (Tamaulipas) in Mexico's northern borderlands, 1749-1846

The political identity of residents of the villas del norte (northern villas) underwent a transformation as a result of Mexican Independence. The shift from Spanish subjects to Mexican citizens was accompanied by a corresponding change from racial categories to civic classifications. Despite the egalitarian tone of Mexico9s new constitution (1824), economic class remained the basis for the new civic categories and the local elite continued to hold political office. The Mexican government promoted nationalism in the villas del norte through patriotic celebrations, military service, and the discourse of citizenship. Nevertheless, the political schisms between residents of these villas and the national state increased due to trade restrictions, the national government9s political neglect, and social isolation. Ultimately, the vecinos ignored trade prohibitions and developed trade links with the United States. La independencia de Meexico transformoo la identidad poliitica de los vecinos de las villas del norte. El cambio de sujetos espannoles a ciudadanos mexicanos fue acompannado por una conversioon de categoriias raciales en clasificaciones ciivicas. A pesar de las tendencias igualitarias de la Constitucioon Mexicana (1824), las categoriias ciivicas continuariian basadas en la clase econoomica, asii que la eelite local logroo mantener el dominio sobre los puestos poliiticos. El gobierno mexicano promovioo el nacionalismo en las villas del norte a travees de las celebraciones patriooticas, el servicio militar y un discurso que el estado desarrolloo respeto a la ciudadaniia. Sin embargo, la distancia poliitica entre los residentes de estas villas y el estado nacional se aumentoo, debido a las restricciones al comercio, la indiferencia poliitica por parte del gobierno nacional y el aislamiento social. En fin, los vecinos desobedecieron las prohibiciones comerciales y desarrollaron viinculos con los Estados Unidos.
Complement Fixation in Tuberculosis, and a Comparison of the Wassermann and Hecht-Weinberg-Gradwohl Systems

The lack of uniformity in results of fixation tests in tuberculosis obtained by different workers is due to several factors. Foremost, no doubt, is the wide divergence in the preparations used as antigens and in the quantities of the same antigen used by different workers. Practically all antigenic preparations made from the tubercle bacillus, if used in sufficient quantities, are anticomplementary, and some of the reports with 10C^ fixation, no doubt, were at fault in technic. Unless the quantity of hemolytic amboceptor is far in excess of that necessary in the Wassermann test, this false fixation will occur and be misleading. Corper 1 pointed out that one difficulty, if not the main difficulty, in the complement fixation test for tuberculosis, is the close relation between the anticomplementary and the antigenic dose. I have observed that the time necessary for the primary incubation is longer when tuberculous serum and tubercle bacillus antigen are used than is the case with syphilitic serum and lipoid antigen. The failure to attach due importance to these facts may lead to error. In my earlier work I did not.recognize, until after many tests had been made, that an entirely different technic must be employed wih tuberculous serum and tubercle bacillus antigen than with syphilitic serum with standard antigens. The work now reported covers 635 tests on 570 patients. Fresh serum was used in each case.
On the U.S.System of Farmland Takings and its Revelation to the Chinese System of Farmland Takings

The US system of farmland takings has a history of more than 200 years,it's experiences in its long judicial practices are the common achievements of the whole human civilization,which can serve as particularly useful and important reference to new transformations in the Chinese system of takings nowadays.This article studies US farmland system,categories of US system of takings,the main constitutional principles governing the government farmland takings,regulatory taking and compensation mechanism,in order to find the defects of Chinese system of takings.Based on the experiences of farmland takings from US mature market economy institution and framework of rule of law,corresponding suggestions on legislation on Chinese system of takings'reform are made nowadays.
A Serologic and Genetic Analysis of an r'r' (dCe/dCe) Patient Producing Anti-D and Anti-c

A most unusual combination of antibodies, anti- D and anti- c produced by a transfusion and pregnancy, respectively, was identified by cross-absorption experiments. The immunized mother (propositus), whose husband was of genotype dce/dce , possessed the very rare genotype dCe/dCe , each of her parents, who were related to each other as fourth cousins, contributing the rare chromosome dCe. The critically affected male infant was successfully treated by early replacement transfusion with the mother’s plasma-free red cells and her sibling’s rare compatible blood. The infant made a complete recovery although the preceding pregnancy ended in a macerated fetus.
In situ management of renal tumors: renal cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma.

AbstractIn the last 8 years 15 patients with malignant neoplasms in functionally solitary kidneys underwent in situ excision of the tumor with preservation of renal parenchyma. Of 10 patients with renal cell carcinoma 8 underwent partial nephrectomy, 1 had a central wedge resection and 1 had enucleation of 3 tumors. After followup of 6 months to 4.7 years 6 patients are free of disease. One patient died of metastatic cancer and 1 of cardiovascular disease. Of 5 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the kidney (including 2 with parenchymal invasion) 2 underwent partial nephrectomy and 3 underwent extensive resection of renal pelvic lesions. After followup of 6 months to 7 years 2 patients are alive, 2 died of metastatic disease and 1 died of metastatic bladder carcinoma. Only 1 of the 5 patients had locally recurrent tumor. These data demonstrate the efficacy of in situ management of renal tumors in selected patients with solitary kidneys or compromised renal function.
Impact of transformational leadership on nurse work outcomes.

Aims To examine the effect of transformational leadership on early career nurses' intent to stay, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Background Lack of leadership support is one of the top reasons staff nurses leave. Current studies reported mixed results about the impact of transformational leadership on key nurse outcomes. However, little is known whether leadership directly or indirectly affects satisfaction, organizational commitment and intent to stay. Design This study was a cross-sectional study of nurses who had been licensed for 7·5-8·5 years which was part of a 10-year longitudinal panel design. Methods The analytic sample was 1037 nationally representative newly licensed Registered Nurses. Data were collected from January–March 2013. We used a probit model to model the relationship between transformational leadership and intent to stay, organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Results Transformational leadership did not have a significant impact on intent to stay and job satisfaction, but significantly associated with organizational commitment. Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, mentor support, promotional opportunities and age were positively associated with intent to stay, while ethnicity, non-local job opportunities and work settings were negatively associated with intent to stay. Conclusions Transformational leadership had no direct relationship with intent to stay and job satisfaction and had a small direct positive effect on organizational commitment. Transformational leadership has potential to slow attrition and retain nurses by creating a positive work environment that supports nurses. Any improvement in job satisfaction and organizational commitment would positively increase the change in probability for intent to stay.
Process optimizations for NBTI/PBTI for future replacement metal gate technologies

Bias Temperature Instability (BTI) is a tremendous reliability concern for deeply scaled CMOS technologies, and is the limiting mechanism for further inversion layer thickness (Tinv) scaling for future nodes [1]. Replacement Metal Gate technologies are of particular concern, since the gate stack is not exposed to the high temperature source/drain anneals. We have identified four strategies for reducing BTI in Replacement metal gate technologies: Rapid Thermal Anneal (RTA) optimization, optimization of the HfO2 layer thickness, introducing a gate dielectric dopant for NBTI reduction, and effective Work Function tuning. Judiciously combining these four techniques enable further Tinv scaling for 10 nm and below.
The assaulted staff action program (ASAP) and declines in assaults: a meta-analysis

Crisis intervention procedures have been demonstrated to be of assistance in addressing the aftermath of psychological trauma. The Assaulted Staff Action Program (ASAP) is a Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) approach that has been associated with providing needed support to employee victims of patient assaults and sharp reductions in the frequency of assaults in facilities where ASAP has been properly fielded. The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of ASAP in reducing frequency of assault. Results yielded a highly statistically significant Cohen's d of 3.1 and fail safe number of 202. The implications for risk management are discussed.
General Approaches to Measuring Immune Responses

Our understanding of the T cell immune response directed against tumors has advanced significantly over the past several years. As a result, a host of immune-based strategies for treating and preventing cancer are being tested in the clinic. The development of reproducible and quantitative methods for monitoring tumor-specific immunity has also become better defined. Assays, such as ELISPOT and MHC tetramers, that a few years ago were used only by a very few investigators, have now become standard tools for tumor immunologists. Standard quantitative methods are undergoing a reevaluation as newer approaches are developed which focus on potential functions of the induced immune response. In the future, assessment of the tumor-specific immune response will entail a combination of assays directed against both measuring the direct effect of the immune manipulation as well as methods that assess the effect of such interventions on the immune microenvironment.
Comparison of GaP nanowires grown from Au and Sn vapor-liquid-solid catalysts as photoelectrode materials

Abstract Gallium phosphide (GaP) nanowire film electrodes have been prepared via solid sublimation of GaP powder using both gold (Au) and tin (Sn) nanoparticles as the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) catalysts on Si(1 1 1) and GaP(1 1 1)B substrates. The resultant GaP nanowires are compared and contrasted in terms of structures and photoactivity in photoelectrochemical half cells. Raman spectra implicated a difference in the surface condition of the two types of nanowires. Complete wet etching removal of metallic VLS catalysts from the as-prepared GaP nanowires was possible with Sn catalysts but not with Au catalysts. The photoresponses of both Sn- and Au-seeded GaP nanowire films were collected and examined under 100 mW cm −2 white light illumination. Au-seeded nanowire films exhibited strong n-type characteristics when measured in nonaqueous electrolyte with ferrocene/ferricenium as the redox species while Sn-seeded nanowires showed behavior consistent with degenerate n-type doping.
Enhanced Removal of Dissolved Hg(II), Cd(II), and Au(III) from Water by Bacillus subtilis Bacterial Biomass Containing an Elevated Concentration of Sulfhydryl Sites.

In this study, the sorption of Hg(II), Cd(II), and Au(III) onto Bacillus subtilis biomass with an elevated concentration of sulfhydryl sites, induced by adding excess glucose to the growth medium (termed ‘High Sulfhydryl Bacillus subtilis’ or HSBS) was compared to that onto B. subtilis biomass with a low concentration of sulfhydryl sites (termed ‘Low Sulfhydryl Bacillus subtilis’ or LSBS) and to sorption onto a commercially available cation exchange resin. Our results show that HSBS exhibits sorption capacities for the three studied metals that are two to five times greater than the sorption capacities of LSBS for these metals. After blocking the bacterial cell envelope sulfhydryl sites using a qBBr treatment, the sorption of the metals onto HSBS was significantly inhibited, indicating that the enhanced sorption onto HSBS was mainly due to the elevated concentration of sulfhydryl sites on the bacteria. A direct comparison of the removal capacity of the HSBS and that of the cation exchange resin for the th...
RSI Armed Forces

Mussolini angled to create a strong and independent army, but, as a German puppet leader, he had little leverage in applying pressure on Berlin to release the 600,000 Italian soldiers languishing in camps in the Third Reich. Meanwhile, within Italian ranks, a struggle for military primacy ensued between Graziani, head of the army, and Ricci, the Fascist Militia chieftain. In due course the radical Alessandro Pavolini threw his hat in the ring by contriving a National Republican Guard made up of Blackshirts, former political police from Africa, and royalist Carabinieri.