cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
vCRIB: virtualized rule management in the cloud

Cloud operators increasingly need many fine-grained rules to better control individual network flows for various management tasks. While previous approaches have advocated placing rules either on hypervisors or switches, we argue that future data centers would benefit from leveraging rule processing capabilities at both for better scalability and performance. In this paper, we propose vCRIB, a virtualized Cloud Rule Information Base that allows operators to freely define different management policies without the need to consider underlying resource constraints. The challenge in our approach is the design of a vCRIB manager that automatically partitions and places rules at both hypervisors and switches to achieve a good trade-off between resource usage and performance.
Systematic assessment of the contributors of line edge roughness in EUV lithography using simulations

Edge position variation in EUV patterns is significantly affected by stochastic phenomena that occur during the EUV exposure and the chemical processes in photoresist. Hence, it is important to understand and quantify the contribution of each of the stochastic effects to the edge roughness. In this work, various computational approaches are used based on the rigorous stochastic resist model in order to assess the stochastic contribution of photon absorption and random chemical reactions in EUV photoresist. The simulation results are presented for both the traditional chemically amplified EUV resists and resists utilizing alternative mechanisms of image formation, such as metal based- resists.
The Effects of Shifting Medical Expense from Pip Auto Coverage to First Party Health Insurance

An important issue in the design of automobile insurance no-fault laws is the extent to which medical expenses are covered by first party personal injury protection (PIP) coverage, rather than individual or group first party health insurance. Most state no-fault laws make PIP coverage primary and health insurance excess. However, increases in the cost of automobile insurance in some states have been associated with significant pressure to shift costs from PIP coverage to health insurance by reducing PIP benefit limits or by making health insurance primary.
Piecewise Isometries — An Emerging Area of Dynamical Systems

We present several examples of piecewise isometric systems that give rise to complex structures of their coding partitions. We also list and comment on current open questions in the area that pertain to fractal-like structure of cells. Piecewise isometries are two and higher dimensional generalizations of interval exchanges and interval translations. The interest in the dynamical systems of piecewise isometries is partially catalyzed by potential applications and the fact that simple geometric constructions give rise to rich phenomena and amazing fractal graphics. Piecewise isometric systems appear in dual billiards, Hamiltonian systems, and digital filters.
Action-Conditioned Convolutional Future Regression Models for Robot Imitation Learning

Based on what is seen (i.e. visual input), humans are able to visually predict (i.e. regress) what the scene will look like after taking a certain action. Further, humans are able to take advantage of such predictions to select optimal actions for the task they are working on. Using example videos, robots can also learn to visually imagine the future consequence of taking an action. This can be viewed as learning a function mapping a raw image frame (conditioned on a particular action) to the future image frame. Once learned, the future regression function can be combined with an action policy learning framework (e.g. reinforcement or imitation learning), enabling better robot action learning for given tasks.
Expanding the Learning Network: How Teachers Use Pinterest.

This exploratory qualitative study of 117 teachers explores how educators engage with Pinterest, an online social networking site, specifically asking: (1) What similarities and differences exist i...
Neuromuscular dentistry and the role of the autonomic nervous system: Sphenopalatine ganglion blocks and neuromodulation. An International College of Cranio Mandibular Orthopedics (ICCMO) position paper

The Sphenopalatine Ganglion (SPG) is known to play an integral role in the pathophysiology of a wide variety of orofacial pains involving the jaws, sinuses, eyes and the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. It supplies direct parasympathetic innervation to the trigeminal and facial nerves. Sympathetic innervation from the superior sympathetic chain passes thru the SPG to the trigeminal and facial nerves.This paper reviews relevant and significant literature on SPG Blocks and Neuromodulation published in peer reviewed medical and dental journals. Neuromuscular Dentistry employs ULF-TENS to relax musculature and simultaneously provide neuromodulation to the ganglion.Conclusion: The effects of ULF-TENS on the autonomic nervous system acts on the Limbic System and Hypothalamus (H-P-A) to address Axis II issues during neuromuscular dental procedures. It also directly affects the autonomic component of the trigeminal nerve involved in almost all headaches and migraines as well as the Myofascial and Joint disorders of TMD.
Evaluation of a high-vegetable intervention for weight loss in obese individuals

In an effort to promote healthy weight loss, educational messages often include the promotion of a high fruit and vegetable diet, but little research has shown if a focus on high-vegetable consumpt...
Food and Product Considerations in the Application of Immobilized Enzymes

Most enzymes that have potential application in food processing or in the enzymic modification of food materials have been immobilized successfully. The challenge in the application of immobilized enzymes to food now moves from concerns over immobilization to concerns over economics and technological considerations involving the food product itself.
DeepMarket: An Edge Computing Marketplace with Distributed TensorFlow Execution Capability

There is a rise in demand among machine learning researchers for powerful computational resources to train complex machine learning models, e.g., deep learning models. In order to train these models in a reasonable amount of time, the training is often distributed among multiple machines; yet paying for such machines is costly. DeepMarket attempts to reduce these costs by creating a marketplace that integrates multiple computational resources over a Distributed TensorFlow framework. Instead of requiring users to rent expensive GPU/CPUs from a third party cloud provider, DeepMarket allows users to lend their edge computing resources to each other when they are available. Such a marketplace, however, requires a credit mechanism that ensures users receive resources in proportion to the resources they lend to others. Moreover, DeepMarket must respect users' needs to use their own resources and the resulting limits on when resources can be lent to others. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of DeepMarket, an architecture that addresses these challenges and allows users to securely lend and borrow computing resources. We also present preliminary experimental evaluation results that show DeepMarket's performance, in terms of job completion time, is comparable to third party cloud providers. However, DeepMarket can achieve this performance with reduced cost and increased data privacy.
Reliability of psychophysiological responses across multiple motion sickness stimulation tests

Although there is general agreement that a high degree of variability exists between subjects in their autonomic nervous system responses to motion sickness stimulation, very little evidence exists that examines the reproducibility of autonomic responses within subjects during motion sickness stimulation. Our objectives were to examine the reliability of autonomic responses and symptom levels across five testing occasions using the (1) final minute of testing, (2) change in autonomic response and the change in symptom level, and (3) strength of the relationship between the change in symptom level and the change in autonomic responses across the entire motion sickness test. The results indicate that, based on the final minute of testing, the autonomic responses of heart rate, blood volume pulse, and respiration rate are moderately stable across multiple tests. Changes in heart rate, blood volume pulse, respiration rate, and symptoms throughout the test duration are less stable across the tests. Finally, autonomic responses and symptom levels are significantly related across the entire motion sickness test.
A cross-sectional analysis of racial disparities in US diabetes screening at the national, regional, and state level.

Abstract Aims To determine US diabetes screening estimates in Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, Asians, Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders, American Indians/Alaska Natives, and Others at the national, regional, and state level. Methods In this study of 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, we used logistic regression results to generate national, regional, and state screening marginal probabilities (average adjusted predictions (AAPs)) for each race in the two American Diabetes Association recommended screening groups 1 : asymptomatic overweight/obese people 2 people ≥45y. Results Even after adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors, significant racial disparities in screening (p-value Conclusions Study findings indicate that sociodemographic and clinical factors do not fully explain racial disparities in diabetes screening. Further research on clinician and patient attitudes towards diabetes screening are warranted in order to design and implement initiatives in US areas where certain racial groups have particularly low diabetes screening levels.
Wetlands as a Tool for Water Treatment

Wetlands are often referred to as "nature's kidneys" because of their ability to remove pollutants from water via storage in the soil and vegetation, as well as through losses to the atmosphere. This 7-page fact sheet written by Jay Capasso, Lisa Krimsky, and Jehangir Bhadha and published by the UF/IFAS School of Forest Resources and Conservation provides a general overview of the function and structure of large-scale treatment wetlands and the services they provide. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr419
A Biparatopic Antibody That Modulates MET Trafficking Exhibits Enhanced Efficacy Compared with Parental Antibodies in MET-Driven Tumor Models

Purpose: Recent clinical data demonstrate that tumors harboring MET genetic alterations (exon 14 skip mutations and/or gene amplification) respond to small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, validating MET as a therapeutic target. Although antibody-mediated blockade of the MET pathway has not been successful in the clinic, the failures are likely the result of inadequate patient selection strategies as well as suboptimal antibody design. Thus, our goal was to generate a novel MET blocking antibody with enhanced efficacy. Experimental Design: Here, we describe the activity of a biparatopic MET×MET antibody that recognizes two distinct epitopes in the MET Sema domain. We use a combination of in vitro assays and tumor models to characterize the effect of our antibody on MET signaling, MET intracellular trafficking, and the growth of MET-dependent cells/tumors. Results: In MET-driven tumor models, our biparatopic antibody exhibits significantly better activity than either of the parental antibodies or the mixture of the two parental antibodies and outperforms several clinical-stage MET antibodies. Mechanistically, the biparatopic antibody inhibits MET recycling, thereby promoting lysosomal trafficking and degradation of MET. In contrast to the parental antibodies, the biparatopic antibody fails to activate MET-dependent biological responses, consistent with the observation that it recycles inefficiently and induces very transient downstream signaling. Conclusions: Our results provide strong support for the notion that biparatopic antibodies are a promising therapeutic modality, potentially having greater efficacy than that predicted from the properties of the parental antibodies.
Picking Flowers with Carbon Nanotube Sensors.

The Wacker oxidation reaction and carbon nanotubes were used to build a chemiresistive sensor for selective and sensitive detection of ethylene in air.
Heterogenous Populations of Tissue-Resident CD8+ T Cells Are Generated in Response to Infection and Malignancy.

Summary Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells (Trm) provide host protection through continuous surveillance of non-lymphoid tissues. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and genetic reporter mice, we identified discrete lineages of intestinal antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, including a Blimp1hiId3lo tissue-resident effector cell population most prominent in the early phase of acute viral and bacterial infections and a molecularly distinct Blimp1loId3hi tissue-resident memory population that subsequently accumulated at later infection time points. These Trm populations exhibited distinct cytokine production, secondary memory potential, and transcriptional programs including differential roles for transcriptional regulators Blimp1, T-bet, Id2, and Id3 in supporting and maintaining intestinal Trm. Extending our analysis to malignant tissue, we also identified discrete populations of effector-like and memory-like CD8+ T cell populations with tissue-resident gene-expression signatures that shared features of terminally exhausted and progenitor-exhausted T cells, respectively. Our findings provide insight into the development and functional heterogeneity of Trm cells, which has implications for enhancing vaccination and immunotherapy approaches.
Turbocharged Juul device challenges European tobacco regulators.

Juul, the e-cigarette company, re-engineered their device for the European market, increasing nicotine delivery to US levels and adding a synthetic cooling agent to replace menthol. This approach takes advantage of insufficient EU tobacco regulation.https://bit.ly/3iixAhU
Normal and Altered Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Solute Movement Across the Cerebral Capillary in Rat

Prior to the pioneering efforts of Crone (1), the integrity of the blood-brain barrier was measured by the quantity of labeled protein entering brain tissue after its introduction into blood. The indicator diffusion technique presented by Crone allowed not only an evaluation of the exclusionary properties of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but, more importantly, the specialized transport systems operating across this barrier. This technique measures the single pass extraction of a diffusible solute in transit through cerebral capillary beds as compared to a reference compound which normally is excluded from the brain. This experimental method measures events involving the entire cerebrum and its precision is effected by interlaminar diffusion (Taylor effect). Modifications of the indicator dilution technique have been utilized to demonstrate the carrier- mediated transport of a number of sugars and amino acids across the blood-brain barrier (2).
Discovering One’s Undocumented Immigration Status through Family Disclosures: The Perspectives of U.S. College Students with Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)

Many undocumented youths who come to the United States as children are unaware of their status until family disclosure; this likely has identity implications for youth. Through 40 semi-structured i...
Elsberg Syndrome, The Often Missed Other Cauda Equina (P4.9-034)

Objective: To describe and alert clinicians of a treatable condition, with a favorable outcome if promptly recognized and treated. Background: A 36-year-old man presented with five days of progressive buttock and scrotum numbness and decreased urinary and fecal urgency. His history revealed L5 herniated disc with sciatica, cervical radiculopathy, hypertension, depression and gastric bypass. Neurologic exam was normal except for mildly decreased rectal tone, no cremaster reflex and decreased pinprick sensation in dermatomes S2–S5. Anal wink was preserved and no other sensory loss was found. Design/Methods: N/A Results: Working diagnoses included abscess, radiculopathy, myelopathy. MRI of the lumbar and sacral spine showed enhancement in the conus medullaris with a broad differential. Disease processes included HIV, HSV, VZV, CMV, sarcoidosis, coccidiomycosis, nutritional deficiency or a neoplastic source. CSF showed WBC of 75 with 94% lymphocytes, glucose 59 mg/dl, protein 43 mg/dl and positive HSV. Labs for HIV, TB, cocci, VZV, CMV and HSV serum were negative. Acyclovir was started the day after admission and 36 hours later the patient had improved perineal and bladder sensation. Post void scans showed 40 and 0 ml on the day of discharge. We concluded this to be a typical presentation of Elsberg syndrome secondary to HSV infection, considering the absence of alternative diagnostic possibilities particularly cauda equine compression. Conclusions: Elsberg syndrome is an acute lumbosacral radiculitis with myelitis related to a herpes infection and is often an unrecognized disease entity. It is specifically a cauda equina syndrome lacking compression. Clinicians may not consider this syndrome in the differential resulting in diagnostic delay thereby missing the ability to provide a favorable outcome. This patient is a reminder to consider Elsberg syndrome as a differential. Disclosure: Dr. Yogendran has nothing to disclose. Dr. Barcelo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Baumbach has nothing to disclose.
Methods and Meaning in Islamic Law

How should we think about the most pressing questions of Islamic law and legal history today? We asked leading scholars of Islamic law and history to weigh in on the methods and meaning they notice or favor, at a time when much has changed in the field and the world since Islamic law emerged as a major field of studies in the global academy over the last century, and at a time when access to new sources, historiographical advances, and data science tools promise that more changes are yet to come.
Identification of Factors Associated with Disease Progression in the Contralateral Hip of Patients with Symptomatic Femoroacetabular Impingement. (139)

Objectives:Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) is one of the most common causes of hip osteoarthritis. Nevertheless, the factors contributing to symptom development and FAI disease progression are p...
Synchronized in situ X-ray and infrared imaging of laser deposition

Abstract Laser deposition is a growing additive manufacturing process for its applications in repair and functional graded materials. This study investigates the influence of powder deposition for Ti-6Al-4V using synchronized X-ray and thermal infrared imaging. Melt pool geometry and their theoretical estimates as well as thermal histories are compared between a clad without and with powder deposition. The results show how powder deposition causes fluctuations in geometry and thermal histories. Fundamental understanding of the influence of powder deposition into a melt pool can lead to better prediction of melt pool geometry, thermal history, and better controlled processing.
Therapie der diastolischen Herzinsuffizienz (HFpEF/HFmrEF): Lichtstreifen am Horizont?

Eine evidenzbasierte medikamentose Therapie der diastolischen Herzinsuffizienz (HFpEF/HFmrEF) ist bislang, im Gegensatz zur systolischen Herzinsuffizienz (HFrEF), nicht etabliert. Die ESC-Leitlinien 2016 empfehlen als einzige Substanzklasse Diuretika zur Symptomverbesserung. Betablocker, ACE-Hemmer, Angiotensin-Rezeptor-Blocker zeigen keinen belegten Nutzen im Vergleich zu Placebo. Mit Mineralokortikoid-Rezeptor-Antagonisten (MRA), Angiotensin-Rezeptor-Neprilysin-Inhibitor (ARNI)und SGLT2-Inhibitoren stehen 3 unterschiedliche Wirkmechanismen zur Verfugung, die bei HFpEF/HFmrEF bezuglich Letalitat und Morbiditat in randomisierten kontrollierten Studien gepruft wurden oder werden. Die bisherigen Ergebnisse sind ambivalent, in einigen Aspekten aber ermutigend. Spironolacton wird im Focused Update 2017 der ACC/AHA-Leitlinie zur Symptomverbesserung bei HFpEF zuruckhaltend empfohlen (IIb B). Die FDA hat im Januar 2021 Sacubitril/Valsartan zur Therapie der HFpEF/HFmrEF (EF unterhalb des Normalbereichs) zugelassen. Fur die Therapie der ATTR-Amyloidose als seltene Ursache einer schweren Compliancestorung sind extrem kostenintensive Oligonukleotid-Substanzen verfugbar.
Love: The Conceptual, the Factual, the Normative

“Love: The Conceptual, the Factual, the Normative” This essay is a contribution to the metaphilosophy of love; it also contains some philosophy of love. Consider this propositional function about the reciprocity of love: “X does not love Y unless Y loves X” (or “. . . if Y does not love X”). This function may be treated in four ways. (1) If quantified, it may be taken as attempting to state a conceptual truth about love or a proposition about the nature or essence of love. (2) If quantified, it may alternatively be taken as a universal, nomic generalization that attempts to state an empirical or factual truth about human nature—about a pattern of reciprocity that occurs among people who are independently identified as lovers. (3) If instantiated with constants, it is an empirical proposition about the attitudes or behaviors of particular individuals a, b, c, etc. Propositions (2) and (3) may be grounded and confirmed biologically, psychologically, sociologically, anthropologically, or some combination. (4) The function, quantified or instantiated, may be treated axiologically as stating a normative proposition about what love ought to be or about what lovers ought to feel or do. Similar propositional functions may be constructed in which the dyadic predicate “loves” is matched with the constancy, exclusivity, or benevolence of love. I investigate how each understanding of the function can be defended or refuted and how they are logically related to each other.
Measuring Railroad Ballast Modulus of Elasticity Using Light Weight Deflectometer

Light weight deflectometers (LWDs) are used to rapidly determine the modulus of elasticity and spring constant of granular materials and pavements. The LWD can be operated by one person making it incredibly efficient to collect this important data. It is primarily used in the field to determine the properties of soils or paving materials, but also has the potential to be used on railroad ballast. However, to date, there have been minimal studies using LWDs on railroad ballast. The goal of this current study was to investigate the repeatability of LWD testing on prepared cylindrical ballast specimens. To use the LWD on ballast, we conducted minimum and maximum density tests in accordance with ASTM D4254 on 12-inch interior diameter by 12-inch interior height cylinder specimens at different percentages of fouling ranging from 0 to 60% by mass. Then, the LWD measurements were taken on the top of the specimen using a 12-inch-diameter plate. In total, 100 measurements were made on minimum density mixtures and 50 maximum density mixtures. The effect of density and fouling on test repeatability and procedural best practices for LWD testing on cylindrical ballast specimens are discussed.
Unitarity Bounds on Effective Field Theories at the LHC

Effective Field Theory (EFT) extensions of the Standard Model are tools to compute observables $\big(e.g.$ cross sections with partonic center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{\hat{s}}\,\big)$ as a systematically improvable expansion suppressed by a new physics scale $M$. If one is interested in EFT predictions in the parameter space where $M<\sqrt{\hat{s}}$, concerns of self-consistency emerge, which can manifest as a violation of partial-wave unitarity. However, when we search for the effects of an EFT at a hadron collider with center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$ using an inclusive strategy, we typically do not have access to the event-by-event value of $\sqrt{\hat{s}}$. This motivates the need for a formalism that incorporates parton distribution functions into the partial-wave unitarity analysis. Developing such a framework and initiating an exploration of its implications is the goal of this work. Our approach opens up a potentially valid region of the EFT parameter space where $M \ll \sqrt{s}$. We provide evidence that there exist valid EFTs in this parameter space. The unitarity bounds are sensitive to the details of a given search, an effect we investigate by varying kinematic cuts.
Disc–Disc Structure in a Two-Species Interacting System on a Flat Torus

A two-species interacting system, motivated by the triblock copolymers theory, is studied on a flat torus, the quotient space of the complex plane by a lattice. The free energy of the system, which contains both short-range and long-range interactions, admits disc–disc-like stationary points. The relative displacement of the disc centres in a stationary point is related to Green’s function of the Laplace operator on the flat torus. When restricted to disc–disc configurations with relative displacements equal to half periods, the free energy is minimized with respect to the lattice and its half periods. The resulting optimal lattice depends on a single parameter. As this parameter varies, the optimal lattice may be rectangular, square, rhombic, or hexagonal. This is in sharp contrast to single-species systems where optimal lattices are always hexagonal.
Delivering affordable fault-tolerance to commodity computer systems

To meet an insatiable consumer demand for greater performance at less power, silicon technology has scaled to unprecedented dimensions. This aggressive scaling has provided designers with an ever increasing budget of cheaper and faster transistors. Unfortunately, this trend has also been accompanied by a decline in individual device reliability as transistors have become increasingly susceptible to a host of threats. With each new technology generation the challenges associated with process variation, wearout, and transient faults gain greater prominence. We are quickly approaching a new era where fault-tolerance is becoming a first-order design constraint, no longer a luxury reserved exclusively for high-reliability, mission-critical domains. Even commodity microprocessors used in mainstream computing will require protection. However, just as the reliability needs of NASA and Apple differ dramatically, so does their ability to absorb the costs necessary to ensure fault-tolerance. Viable solutions targeting commodity systems must not only recognize this fact, but must embrace it. Simply stripping down techniques developed for enterprise servers may not result in the most appropriate designs for your laptop or cellphone. The best solutions will exploit the relaxed reliability constraints of commodity systems, judiciously sacrificing a small degree of fault-tolerance to achieve far greater reductions in overhead costs. This thesis proposes a collection of works that can be selectively mixed and matched to assemble reliability solutions tailor-fit for the commodity systems community. Although the works presented address a variety of different issues from wearout to transient faults and prevention to detection, they were all motivated by the same observation—that much of the overhead costs associated with conventional fault tolerance mechanisms are spent in pursuit of the last few "nines" of reliability. This conclusion gave rise to the philosophy permeating the chapters of this work, that summarily dismissing techniques that cannot supply mission-critical fault tolerance is no longer acceptable. In presenting concrete solutions to a few of the more interesting challenges—proactive wear-leveling orchestrated through intelligent job scheduling and software-only transient fault detection and recovery that exploits intrinsic computational patterns within applications—we establish fundamental principles that can be applied more broadly to formulate a comprehensive reliability strategy.
Heart Aerothermodynamic Analysis

This paper presents an assessment of the aerothermodynamic environment around an 8.3 meter High Energy Atmospheric Reentry Test (HEART) vehicle. This study generated twelve nose shape configurations and compared their responses at the peak heating trajectory point against the baseline nose shape. The heat flux sensitivity to the angle of attack variations are also discussed. The possibility of a two-piece Thermal Protection System (TPS) design at the nose is also considered, as are the surface catalytic affects of the aeroheating environment of such configuration. Based on these analyses, an optimum nose shape is proposed to minimize the surface heating. A recommendation is also made for a two-piece TPS design, for which the surface catalytic uncertainty associated with the jump in heating at the nose-IAD juncture is reduced by a minimum of 93%. In this paper, the aeroshell is assumed to be rigid and the inflatable fluid interaction effect is left for future investigations.
The development of the self-concept in urban Chinese children

and relative reasoning A more advanced integration emerges by establishing some single abstraction (Fischer, 1980) from specific existing trait labels. The characteristic is abstracted from some concrete objects or events. For example, a child could construct an abstraction of his intelligence by collecting related traits that showed his high performance in different school subjects, such as mathematics or physics.
Electrolytic oxidation of trichloroethylene using a ceramic anode

Trichloroethylene (TCE) was transformed to CO2, CO, Cl− and ClO3− at the anode of a two-chambered electrolytic cell. The working electrode was constructed from Ebonex®, an electrically conductive ceramic (Ti4O7). Under our experimental conditions (anode potential Ea = 2.5 to 4.3 V vs SSCE), the disappearance of TCE was first order in TCE concentration. The transformation rate was independent of pH in the range 1.6 4.0V). The maximum (transport-limited), surface-area-normalized rate constant was about 0.002 43cms−1. Carbon-containing products included CO2 primarily with traces of CO. At neutral and alkaline pHs, the only chlorine-containing products were Cl− and ClO3−. Hydroxyl radicals were detected in the anodic compartment using a spin trap (4-POBN). A kinetic model was successfully correlated with experimental results.
Prophet of Participation: Mary Parker Follett and Public Participation in Public Administration

While there seems to be widespread agreement in the public administration community on the importance of public participation, there is no consensus about what we mean when we use the term. This paper argues that we go back to the writings of Mary Follett (1868-1933) to inform the future of public participation. Although her political writings are now eighty years old, they have never been more relevant. This paper demonstrates how Follett provides concrete answers to some of the primary questions of public participation today. Follett's notions of circular response and integration, along with her thesis of neighborhood organization as a vehicle for democratic governance speak directly to the practice of a more democratic public administration.
Configurable device to combat the spread of hospital acquired infections

Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) are a dangerous reality in modern medicine. Existing drugs become less effective as target microbes adapt to the drugs used to fight them. Dealing with this problem requires a multi-pronged approach of new drug development and improvements in procedures. One approach described in this paper is a warning device that audibly reminds hospital staff to take the appropriate precautions before and after seeing a patient.
Optimizing Mixed-Culture Bioprocessing To Convert Wastes into Bioenergy

The most efficient systems for biodegradation of polymeric organic compounds are mixed cultures that have evolved in some insect and mammalian guts. The efficiency and economic viability of converting organic wastes to biofuels depends on the characteristics of the waste material, especially the chemical composition and the concentrations of the components that can be converted into products that can be used as fuels. As mixed-culture fermentation involves large microbial communities, only certain compounds can be produced. Some products cannot be generated because they are converted to other compounds by the mixed culture more quickly than they are formed. When glucose-containing waste streams, such as those that are high in starch or cellulose, are used to produce bioenergy, butyrate may be one of the most important organic acid products. The hydrogen yield in mixed-culture bioprocessing can be increased by physically separating the anaerobic oxidation of sugars from hydrogen production by conducting the reactions in the anode and cathode, respectively, of a microbial fuel cell (MFC). Diverse microbial communities with metabolic flexibility should be more resistant to bacteriophage attack because different species or strains with similar metabolic functions can take over. Bioaugmentation can be used when modeling or systems biology analysis shows that a metabolic pathway that is needed to produce a useful energy carrier or its precursor is missing from the community metabolome.
Incorporating frictional anisotropy in the design of a robotic snake through the exploitation of scales

The scales on the skin of a snake are an integral part of the snake's locomotive capabilities. It stands to reason that the integration of scales into the design of robotic snakes would open new properties to exploit. In this work, we present a robotic snake design that incorporates rigid scales in the casing of each module. To validate the impact of the scales, locomotion is tested under three conditions: with scales, covered in cloth with scales, and covered in cloth without scales. The performance of the snake robot, in each of the aforementioned scenarios, is evaluated based on its forward displacement while executing each of two pre-programmed gaits: inchworm and lateral undulation. The lateral undulation gait is tested under two additional conditions: pitched and un-pitched. Tracks of the experimental runs are presented followed by a statistical analysis demonstrating an increase in locomotive performance when incorporating scales in the chassis design.
Effects of exotic plant species on soil properties in hardwood forests of New Jersey.

Two exotic plant species, Berberis thunbergii and Microstegium vimineum, recently have invaded deciduous hardwood forests in the Northeast. We examined changes in soil properties that maybe associated with this invasion in three parks in northern New Jersey. In each park, we collected soil and vegetation data along transects that were established across heavily infested areas and extended into uninvaded forest. The data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Significant differences were found between invaded and uninvadcd plots in both soil and vegetation characteristics. Invaded areas have fewer oaks (Quercus spp.) in the canopy, and lack the native understory shrubs (Vaccinium spp.). The pH of soils in the invaded areas is significantly higher than in the uninvaded areas, and the litter and organic horizons are thinner. The data cannot show that the exotic species have caused these changes. However, the occurrence of contrasting soils in adjacent areas of native vegetation, with no evidence of differences in land-use history between areas, suggests that such a cause-and-effect relationship exists. We propose a feedback loop involving the exotic plants, and the presence of earthworms to explain these dramatic soil differences.
The British Moralists on Human Nature and the Birth of Secular Ethics

Introduction Part I. Whichcote and cudworth: 1. The negative answer of English Calvinism 2. Whichcote and Cudworth's positive answer 3 Whichcote and Cudworth on religious liberty 4. Rationalism, sentimentalism, and Ralph Cudworth 5. The emergence of non-Christian ethics Part II. Shaftesbury: 6. Shaftesbury and the Cambridge Platonists 7. Shaftesbury's Inquiry: a misanthropic faith in human nature 8. The Moralists, a Philosophical Rhapsody 9. A philosophical faultline Part III. Hutcheson: 10. Early influences on Francis Hutcheson 11. Hutcheson's attack on egoism 12. Hutcheson's attack on moral rationalism 13. A Copernican positive answer, an attenuated moral realism 14. Explaining away vice Part IV. Hume: 15. David Hume's new 'science of man' 16. Hume's arguments against moral rationalism 17. Hume's associative moral sentiments 18. Hume's progressive view of human nature 19. Comparison and contingency in Hume's moral account 20. What is a Humean account, and what difference does it make?
MO-E-BRD-03

Is Non-invasive Image-Guided Breast Brachytherapy Good? – Jess Hiatt, MS Non-invasive Image-Guided Breast Brachytherapy (NIBB) is an emerging therapy for breast boost treatments as well as Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation (APBI) using HDR surface breast brachytherapy. NIBB allows for smaller treatment volumes while maintaining optimal target coverage. Considering the real-time image-guidance and immobilization provided by the NIBB modality, minimal margins around the target tissue are necessary. Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation in brachytherapy: is shorter better? - Dorin Todor, PhD VCU A review of balloon and strut devices will be provided together with the origins of APBI: the interstitial multi-catheter implant. A dosimetric and radiobiological perspective will help point out the evolution in breast brachytherapy, both in terms of devices and the protocols/clinical trials under which these devices are used. Improvements in imaging, delivery modalities and convenience are among the factors driving the ultrashort fractionation schedules but our understanding of both local control and toxicities associated with various treatments is lagging. A comparison between various schedules, from a radiobiological perspective, will be given together with a critical analysis of the issues. 1. to review and understand the evolution and development of APBI using brachytherapy methods 2. to understand the basis and limitations of radio-biological ‘equivalence’ between fractionation schedules 3. to review commonly used and proposed fractionation schedules Intra-operative breast brachytherapy: Is one stop shopping best?- Bruce Libby, PhD. University of Virginia A review of intraoperative breast brachytherapy will be presented, including the Targit-A and other trials that have used electronic brachytherapy. More modern approaches, in which the lumpectomy procedure is integrated into an APBI workflow, will also be discussed. Learning Objectives: 1. To review past and current clinical trials for IORT 2. To discuss lumpectomy-scan-plan-treat workflow for IORT
Cocaine Use In Pregnancy

BACKGROUND Cocaine use during pregnancy has many deleterious effects on both the mother and the fetus, including the following: preterm labor (< 37 weeks' gestation), congenital anomalies, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), abruptio placenta, low-birth-weight infants (< 2500 g), neonatal death, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Potentially catastrophic maternal outcomes include a pre-eclampsia-like syndrome, acute pulmonary edema, seizures, cardiac arrhythmia, and sudden death. Family physicians who practice obstetrics might encounter cocaine-abusing women as part of their primary care practice. This article reviews the current knowledge regarding the pharmacology, pathophysiology, prevalence, demographics, and methods of detecting cocaine use in pregnancy. METHODS Material for this paper came from a MEDLINE review of the literature from 1988 to the present. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Family physicians who practice obstetrics, especially those who practice in urban minority settings, are likely to encounter pregnant women who are abusing cocaine. Signs of maternal cocaine use are dilated pupils and increased heart rate, blood pressure, respirations, and reflexes. Other signs include agitated sensorium, arrhythmias, and seizures. Preterm labor, pre-eclampsia, and acute pulmonary edema can all be caused by maternal cocaine use. Methods of testing for cocaine are urine or meconium drug screening. Hair analysis is presently being researched but is not yet at a level of clinical reliability. Getting the patient into prenatal care as early as possible has been shown to improve birth outcomes.
Anaerobic codigestion of municipal solid waste and biosolids under various mixing conditions--I. Digester performance.

The feasibility of codigestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, primary sludge, and waste activated sludge was evaluated in mesophilic (37°C), laboratory-scale digesters. In a first experiment, different startup strategies were compared using four digesters, operated under continuously mixed conditions. After two weeks, the experiment was continued under minimally mixed conditions. Results demonstrated that reducing the level of mixing improved digester performance. Therefore, in a second experiment, six digesters were operated to compare performance under continuous mixing and reduced mixing levels at various loading rates and solids levels. The continuously mixed digesters exhibited unstable performance at the higher loading rates, while the minimally mixed digesters performed well for all loading rates evaluated. In a third experiment, it was demonstrated that an unstable, continuously mixed digester was quickly stabilized by reducing the mixing level. These experiments confirmed that continuous mixing was not necessary for good performance and was inhibitory at higher loading rates. In addition, reduction of mixing levels may be used as an operational tool to stabilize unstable digesters.
Atomic-scale spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy applied to Mn3N2(010).

Atomic-scale spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy is demonstrated in the case of the unique surface spin structure of $\mathrm{M}{\mathrm{n}}_{\mathrm{3}}{\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{2}}(010)$ at 300 K. We find that the surface spin structure is manifested as a modulation of the normal atomic row height profile. The atomic-scale spin-polarized image is thus shown to contain two components, one the normal, nonpolarized part, and the other the magnetic, spin-polarized part. A method is presented for separating these two spatially correlated components, and the results are compared with simulations based on integrated local spin density of states calculated from first principles.
An Averaging Approach to Optimal Adaptive Control of Large Space Structures

In this paper, averaging methods are applied to analyzing the transient response associated with adaptive control of large space structures. Using a dominant mode approximation to the plant, an analytical bound is found on the envelope of the adaptive response, characterizing many of the features of the response useful for control design (e.g., peak values, quadratic costs, settling times, etc.). An optimal adaptive design problem is then formulated based on minimizing the product of the settling time and peak torque requirement. The resulting nonlinear constrained optimization problem is solved in closed-form and several interesting properties of the optimal adaptive design are discussed.
Isolation of Cores from Hepatitis B Dane Particles

Structures with the dimension and morphology of Dane particle cores were isolated and concentrated by a simple one-step procedure from human serum containing hepatitis B antigen. The method involves centrifugation of serum layered over a density gradient containing a zone of Nonidet-P40. Cores found at a solution density of 1.29-1.30 g/ml in Ficoll-sucrose gradients prepared in D20 reacted, in immunodiffusion tests, with a human serum containing core antibody. A modification of the method yielded partially degraded Dane particles in a highly aggregated array that revealed a previously undescribed outer morphology. Cores were surrounded by an areola containing regularly spaced projections 14 nm long that appeared to originate at individual sites on the surface of the core.
Special values of L-functions by a Siegel–Weil–Kudla–Rallis formula

We study the arithmeticity of special values of L-functions attached to cuspforms which are Hecke eigenfunctions on hermitian quaternion groups Sp∗(m,0) which form a reductive dual pair with G=O∗(4n). For f1 and f2 two cuspforms on H, consider their theta liftings θf1 and θf2 on G. Then we compute a Rankin–Selberg type integral and obtain an integral representation of the standard L-function: 〈θf1⋅Es,θf2〉G=〈f1,f2〉H⋅Lstd(f1,s). Also a short proof the Siegel–Weil–Kudla–Rallis formula is given. This implies that at the critical point s=s0=m−n+12 Eisenstein series Es have rational Fourier coefficients. Via the natural embedding G×G↪G˜=O∗(8n) we restrict the holomorphic Siegel-type Eisenstein series E˜ on G and decompose as a sum over an orthogonal basis for holomorphic cusp forms of fixed type. As a consequence we prove that the space of holomorphic cuspforms for O∗(4n) of given type is spanned by cuspforms so that the finite-prime parts of Fourier coefficients are rational and obtain special value results for the L-functions.
On evaluating permanents and a matrix of contangents

The following equality is established: Let C denote the n-square matrix whose (i,j) entry is and let J denote the n-square matrix of 1′s. Then per A classical identity stated by R.F. Scott follows [As a matter of side interest, a case is presneted that Scott had done more than conjecture his identity]. Two standard methods for evaluting permanents and a third, apparently new, one are developed from the unified point of view of Mobius inversion. Our proof is based on the third one, and the resulting expression is simplified by counting weighted configurations of balls, cells and boxes. Standard manipulations complete the proof. A possible generalization is discussed.
The energetics of the GaN MBE reaction: a case study of meta-stable growth

The very large kinetic and thermodynamic barriers present in the GaN system make it ideally suited for studying the fundamental mechanisms involved in synthesizing meta-stable solids. In this paper, the critical factors necessary for the successful growth of GaN thin films under meta-stable conditions are outlined. Experimental results of GaN synthesis by plasma-enhanced Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) are used to illustrate the key steps in the process and to demonstrate the validity of the approach. The issues involved in improving the quality of thin films using meta-stable growth methods are explicitly outlined in order that the method can be successfully applied to other epitaxial systems.
A note on the computer plotting of X-ray pole figures

Abstract Computer-plotted X-ray pole figures can be erroneous if the data collection sequence and plotting sequence are not consistent. The consequence becomes particularly important when dealing with pole figures which are unsymmetrical with respect to the north-south axis and the equator.