cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reservoir modeling of shale formations

Abstract Economic production from shale has been intimately tied to hydraulic fracturing since the first signs of success in Barnet Shale in the late 90s. The introduction of horizontal wells and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing was met by a huge move by operators toward developing shale formations that were mainly ignored in the past. Today using pad drilling, multiple horizontal wells share surface facilities and infrastructure, a development that minimizes the industry's environmental footprint. To understand production from shale reservoirs one must understand the network of natural fractures in the shale and the role of hydraulically induced fractures and their interaction. Hydraulic fracturing has been around and been studied by engineers for decades. Analytical, numerical and data-driven models have been built to explain their behavior and contribution to flow. Contribution of natural fracture networks to storage and flow in carbonate (and some sandstone) reservoirs had led to the development of techniques to study and model them. Since they are the predominant source of porosity and permeability in shale, more attention has been focused on their characteristics in the recent years. Studies of methane production from coal seams in the mid 80s provided insights on sorption as a storage mechanism and desorption and diffusion as a transport phenomenon in reservoirs that came to be known as CBM (Coalbed Methane). Today, production from shale is mainly modeled based on lessons learned in the past several decades where all the above techniques are integrated to create the modern shale reservoir models. The coupling of hydraulic fractures and natural fracture networks and their integration and interaction with the shale matrix remains the major challenge in reservoir simulation and modeling of shale formations. This article reviews the methods used by scientists and engineers in recent years to understand the complexities associated with production from shale. This will shed light on the commonly held belief amongst some of the best minds in reservoir engineering (those that have been intimately involved in modeling production from shale) that there is much to be learned about this complex resource and that our best days in understanding and modeling how oil and gas are produced from shale are still ahead of us.
A modeling framework for characterizing near-road air pollutant concentration at community scales

In this study, we combine information from transportation network, traffic emissions, and dispersion model to develop a framework to inform exposure estimates for traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs) with a high spatial resolution. A Research LINE source dispersion model (R-LINE) is used to model multiple TRAPs from roadways at Census-block level for two U.S. regions. We used a novel Space/Time Ordinary Kriging (STOK) approach that uses data from monitoring networks to provide urban background concentrations. To reduce the computational burden, we developed and applied the METeorologically-weighted Averaging for Risk and Exposure (METARE) approach with R-LINE, where a set of selected meteorological data and annual average daily traffic (AADT) are used to obtain annual averages. Compared with explicit modeling, using METARE reduces CPU-time by 88-fold (46.8h versus 32min), while still retaining accuracy of exposure estimates. We show two examples in the Piedmont region in North Carolina (~105,000 receptors) and Portland, Maine (~7000 receptors) to characterize near-road air quality. Concentrations for NOx, PM2.5, and benzene in Portland drop by over 40% within 200m away from the roadway. The concentration drop in North Carolina is less than that in Portland, as previously shown in an observation-based study, showing the robustness of our approach. Heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDV) contribute over 55% of NOx and PM2.5 near interstate highways, while light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGV) contribute over 50% of benzene to urban areas where multiple roadways intersect. Normalized mean error (NME) between explicit modeling and METARE in Portland ranges from 12.6 to 14.5% and normalized mean bias (NMB) ranges from -12.9 to -11.2%. When considering a static emission rate (i.e. the emission does not have temporal variability), both NME and NMB improved (10.5% and -9.5%). Modeled concentrations in Detroit, Michigan at an array of near-road monitors are within a factor of 2 of observed values for CO but not NOx.
Launching Ethical Arks

Zoo and aquarium directors must be relentlessly vigilant to protect the core ethical values of the organization. We believe that providing optimal welfare for zoo and aquarium animals adds value to the enterprise. Customers demand quality and they will not long patronize any organization that enables suffering or neglect. The priority of operating excellence starts with the health and welfare of every animal in the zoo. For animal welfare science to become animal welfare practice, zoos and aquariums must step up to the challenge of growing our intellectual capital. Outside resources to support the institutional initiatives of curators, keepers, and veterinarians are critical as there aren’t enough scientists to advance zoo animal welfare by their efforts alone. The zoo must become an ethical, caring, uplifting oasis where wildlife can fulfill their destiny as self-sustaining ambassadors for the natural world. The commitment to animal welfare should not be hidden or oblique. Just as conservation has become a salient feature of the modern zoo, so must animal welfare. It is essential that we develop a sophisticated understanding of the biology and the behavior of the animals we manage. It is the thesis of this book that by our history and by our intent, animal welfare is the primary enabler of our bond with the animals entrusted to our care. The enthusiasm of zoo professionals and their communities will determine whether zoo animal welfare will be a passing trend or a permanent and unyielding commitment.
Transformations of butene under the conditions of synthesis from CO and H2 over fused iron catalysts

1. In the synthesis of hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing compounds from CO and H2 over a fused iron catalyst, butene takes no part in the formation of alcohols and higher (higher than C9) hydrocarbons and does not act as an intermediate product. 2. Under the conditions studied butene may react with CO and H2 and give a C5 hydrocarbon; it under-goes also hydrogenation, oxidation, and hydrocracking.
Obscure preaching: Postmodern homiletical insights from Ezekiel the prophet:

Preaching is in trouble today. On some level, this is always the case, and in this article I consider the problems of contemporary preaching with another preacher, from another time and place: Ezekiel ben Buzi. Ezekiel’s modes of prophetic signification constitute radically performative acts of sermonic discourse, and as such, they are able to instruct those using signs to communicate today. Instead of arguing that we should do what Ezekiel did, I suggest that Ezekiel opens a mode of discourse—obscure preaching—that overcomes the homiletical confines of logocentrism, opening a way of preaching to postmoderns.
Older women and their images of health: a replication study.

Older women view themselves as healthy despite the fact that they suffer from chronic illnesses and some functional limitations.The study presented in this article replicates the work of Woods and associates by asking, "What does being healthy mean to you?" to a sample of 10 older women aged 70 to 9
Frozen Sections of Cellular Lymphoid Proliferations Provide Adequate DNA for Routine Gene Rearrangement Analysis

Optimal use of frozen tissue procured as part of a thorough diagnostic workup of suspected lymphoma is important, and conservation of similar samples is a prerequisite for maintaining a large and varied frozen archive repository. The authors have evaluated a simple tissue-conserving method for the preparation of cellular lymphoid specimens for immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangement analysis. Initially, 16-microns-thick frozen tonsil sections were examined to determine adequacy for DNA extraction. Specimens containing three, six, and nine sections each were evaluated separately. DNA quantitation disclosed yields ranging from 84 to 204 micrograms (mean, 156 micrograms). The authors have used this technique on 24 cellular lymphoid proliferations from their frozen archives. Six to ten 16-microns sections were used, depending on tissue size. DNA quantitation ranged from 0 to 520 micrograms (mean, 135 micrograms). Twenty-one of 24 cases yielded adequate DNA for analysis; each showed appropriate germline or rear-ranged bands with respect to the particular morphologic diagnosis. Attempts to obtain adequate DNA with the use of this technique on skin biopsy specimens with lymphoid infiltrates resulted in overall poor yields; this may be because of dermal collagen or small sample size. This method of sample preparation provides adequate DNA for routine Southern blot hybridization analysis of cellular lymphoid tissues and offers the additional advantage of allowing preservation of frozen tissue for future study.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is an endogenous regulator of cell proliferation in juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia (JCML) is a rare myeloproliferative disorder of early childhood that is clinically and cytogenically distinct from the well-recognized adult type of chronic myeloid leukemia. Unlike the adult disease, growth of hematopoietic progenitors from peripheral blood (PB) occurs in the absence of exogenous stimulus even at low cell densities. This so-called “spontaneous”growth can be abrogated by adherent cell depletion and appears to depend on production of endogenous growth factors. We studied seven children with JCML to determine the nature of endogenous stimulators. With isolated PB mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) and a 3H- thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation assay, JCML cells were shown to incorporate high levels of 3H-TdR when cultured in the absence of stimulus even at low cell densities. When neutralizing antisera prepared against each of the four known colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, and interleukin-3 (IL-3), as well as antisera against interleukin-1 (alpha and beta) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were added to these cultures, only the antisera against recombinant human GM-CSF (rhGM-CSF) consistently resulted in significant inhibition of cell proliferation, achieving up to 72% inhibition of 3H-TdR incorporation in one case. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against rhGM-CSF resulted in a similar and highly significant degree of inhibition. A marked inhibitory effect of rhGM-CSF antiserum on “spontaneous” growth of PB CFU-GM derived colonies in semisolid medium was also demonstrated in four of five patients studied (87% to 90% inhibition). Production of growth factors by highly enriched JCML monocytes was variable. When initially studied in five of the seven patients, the monocytes from three of the patients revealed increased release of IL-1-like activities; two patients had levels similar to those of controls. One patient with normal levels when initially studied was later shown to have markedly increased amounts of IL-1-like activities in a second preparation of monocyte-conditioned medium (MCM). High levels of GM-CSF were detected in the initial MCM from one patient, but this may have indirectly reflected elevated IL-1-like activities present in the MCM. IL-3 and M-CSF levels were either low or undetectable in the patients studied as compared with MCM prepared with normal adult monocytes. These results clearly implicate GM-CSF as the primary endogenous regulator of JCML cell proliferation in culture and suggest that this malignant myeloproliferative disease may in part result from paracrine stimulation of marrow progenitor cells by growth factors/cytokines secreted by the malignant monocytes.
Knowledge of, attitudes toward, and use of low-dose computed tomography for lung cancer screening among family physicians.

BACKGROUND The results of the National Lung Screening Trial showed a 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality and a 6.7% reduction in all-cause mortality when high-risk patients were screened with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) versus chest x-ray (CXR). The US Preventive Services Task Force has issued a grade B recommendation for LDCT screening, and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and private insurers now cover the screening cost under certain conditions. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of, attitudes toward, and use of LDCT screening for lung cancer among family physicians. METHODS A 32-item questionnaire was distributed to members of the South Carolina Academy of Family Physicians in 2015. Descriptive statistics were calculated. RESULTS There were 101 respondents, and most had incorrect knowledge about which organizations recommended screening. Many physicians continued to recommend CXR for lung cancer screening. Most felt that LDCT screening increased the odds of detecting disease at earlier stages (98%) and that the benefits outweighed the harms (75%). Concerns included unnecessary procedures (88%), stress/anxiety (52%), and radiation exposure (50%). Most physicians discussed the risks/benefits of screening with their patients in some capacity (76%); however, more than 50% reported making 1 or no screening recommendations in the past year. CONCLUSIONS Most family physicians report discussing LDCT with patients at high risk for lung cancer; however, referrals remain low. There are gaps in physician knowledge about screening guidelines and reimbursement, and this indicates a need for further educational outreach. The development of decision aids may facilitate shared decision-making discussions about screening, and targeted interventions may improve knowledge gaps. Cancer 2016;122:2324–2331. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
TH‐AB‐207A‐11: Anatomical and Functional Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease Using Low‐Dose Whole‐Organ Dynamic Computed Tomography

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of a low-dose, first-pass-analysis (FPA) dynamic computed tomography angiography and perfusion (CTAP) technique, for whole-organ anatomical and functional assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: An angioplasty balloon was advanced into the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery of five swine (35–45 kg) to induce several levels of stenosis at maximal hyperemia (intracoronary adenosine, 240 µg/min). Reference fluorescence microspheres and intravenous contrast (370 mg/mL iodine, 25 mL, 7 mL/s) were injected centrally and dynamic imaging was performed using a 320-slice CT scanner at 100 kVp and 200 mA. Twenty volume scans were acquired per stenosis level to capture complete aortic and myocardial enhancement curves, but only two volume scans were used for whole-organ dynamic FPA CTAP measurement. All CTAP measurements in the LAD were compared to the reference microsphere perfusion measurements using linear regression, concordance correlation, and Bland-Altman analysis. Results: The result of dynamic FPA CTAP measurement in the LAD was in good agreement with the reference microsphere perfusion measurement (P_CTAP = 1.01 P_MICRO + 0.16, R2 = 0.95). The root mean square error (RMSE) and difference (RMSD) of measurement were 0.51 mL/min/g and 0.47 mL/min/g, respectively. Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated negligible systematic measurement bias. Additionally, the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was found to be ρ = 0.97, indicating excellent agreement between dynamic FPA CTAP measurement and the reference microsphere perfusion measurement. Lastly, the effective dose of the proposed technique using the “simulated” two-volume scan CTAP acquisition protocol was 2.6 mSv; much lower than the ∼10 mSv effective dose of current dynamic CTP techniques alone. Conclusion: The results indicate the potential for significant improvements in CAD assessment through low-dose, quantitative dynamic FPA CTAP. Such improvements are afforded through whole-organ CT scanning technology, and have the potential to improve patient outcomes and lead to healthier patient lives. Conflict of Interest (only if applicable): Grant funding from Toshiba America Medical Systems.
Action Potential, Regeneration of

Cellular functions are governed by both chemical and electrical mechanisms. Electrical currents traveling along the surface of a cell cause changes in the membrane potential. The typical resting membrane potential is approximately −90 mV, and the typical active membrane potential peaks at approximately +30 mV. It is the change from the resting to the active state that is responsible for actions as varied as the release of neurotransmitters to the contraction of skeletal muscle fibers. The electrical current traveling across a membrane causes changes in voltage-gated ion channels, and it is these changes that are responsible for the generation of action potentials.
MAX EPLDs offer fast alternatives to ASICs

The complexity and capability of programmable logic devices (PLDs) have increased substantially in the last five years. With this increase, design methodologies, computer-aided-engineering (CAE) tools, and system applications associated with the devices have changed as well. An overview of the evolution of one category of CMOS PLDs, known as erasable programmable logic devices (EPLDs), is provided. Effective logic synthesis requires a set of design tools which accept a designer's high-level input and implement the required logic functions into these large-scale devices without designer hand-holding, while minimizing implementation cost. When the silicon architecture and design synthesis approaches are developed in parallel, the result is a technology that maximizes designer productivity and minimizes device costs. The logic synthesis issues involved in the efficient use of an innovative PLD architecture as a viable alternative to custom application-specific ICs (ASICs) are discussed. >
Andreas Gryphius, Catharina von Georgien. Abdruck der Ausgabe von 1663 mit den Lesarten von 1657. Hrsg. v. Willi Flemming. Zweite, verbesserte Auflage. “Neudrucke deutscher Literaturwerke des XVI. und XVII. Jahrhunderts,” Nr. 261–62: Halle (Saale): Max Niemeyer, 1951. Pp. 107. RM 3.50

(1953). Andreas Gryphius, Catharina von Georgien. Abdruck der Ausgabe von 1663 mit den Lesarten von 1657. Hrsg. v. Willi Flemming. Zweite, verbesserte Auflage. “Neudrucke deutscher Literaturwerke des XVI. und XVII. Jahrhunderts,” Nr. 261–62. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 227-229.
Bacterial physiology: Life without an essential coenzyme.

The biologically active form of vitamin B1 is not required by Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium that causes Lyme disease, challenging the paradigm that this vitamin is essential for all living organisms.
30 Day Readmissions in Patients with Deep Vein Thrombosis in United States

Introduction: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is an important cause of the morbidity and mortality in the United States (US). National estimates of 30-day readmissions in DVT patients in the US are unknown. The objective of our study was to estimate readmission rates and identify causes, predictors and cost of readmissions in DVT patients. Methods: We used National Readmission Dataset (NRD - the year 2013), Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality which represents one of the largest random sample of discharges from all hospitals, excluding rehabilitation and long-term acute care hospitals. NRD is designed to generate national estimates of readmission analysis.NRD contains approximately unweighted 14 million discharges and weighted 36 million discharges for the year 2013. Discharge weights were utilized to generate the national estimates. The patients with DVT were identified by primary discharge diagnosis with ICD9-CM code 451-453. All cause unplanned 30-day readmission rates were calculated for patients admitted between January and November 2013 by excluding elective readmissions. Deyo9s modification of Charlson comorbidity index was used to define the severity of co-morbid conditions. Using SAS version 9.3, survey procedures were implemented to adjust for stratified cluster design of NRD with DOMAIN, STRATA, CLUSTER and WEIGHT statement. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. The independent predictors of unplanned 30-day readmissions were identified by logistic regression. The cost of readmission was calculated by multiplying total charges with the cost to charge ratio provided by HCUP. Results: The NRD contained 60,556 unique DVT patients with 126,362 admissions (weighted N = 288,553) in 2013. After excluding elective readmissions, all cause30-day readmission rate was 13.8%. The top causes of unplanned readmissions were phlebitis (15.9%), septicemia (6.6%), pulmonary heart disease (4.2%), skin and subcutaneous tissue infections (4.0%), gastrointestinal hemorrhage (3.8%), complication of implant or graft (2.9%), nonhypertensive congestive heart failure (2.7%), pneumonia (2.7%), acute, unspecified renal failure (2.4%), and urinary tract infections (2.4%). The multivariate predictors for higher 30 day unplanned readmissions were Charlson comorbidity index (OR 1.13, p Conclusions: The unplanned 30-day readmission rates and the cost are high in DVT patients in the US. Phlebitis is the most common cause of unplanned 30-day readmission, which is potentially avoidable. Further research is needed to identify preventable readmissions, strategies to cut down the readmissions and eventually reduce the cost of readmissions in patients admitted with DVT. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Occurrence of Culex (Melanoconion) erraticus (Diptera: Culicidae) in California

Culex erraticus is added to the 52 currently recognized mosquito species from California. Four females and one male were collected in a CO2 trap on August 29, 1994, at the Imperial Wildlife Refuge, Wister Unit, Imperial County, CA. Additional specimens were collected on October 24, and larval habitats were located on October 31, 1994. Possible routes of introduction are discussed.
Drag reducing polymers decrease hepatic injury and metastases after liver ischemia-reperfusion.

// Samer Tohme 1,* , Marina V. Kameneva 1,2,3,* , Hamza O. Yazdani 1 , Vikas Sud 1 , Julie Goswami 1 , Patricia Loughran 1,4 , Hai Huang 1 , Richard L. Simmons 1 and Allan Tsung 1 1 Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 2 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 3 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 4 Center for Biologic Imaging, Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Samer Tohme, email: // Keywords : liver, Ischemia reperfusion injury, drag reducing polymers, liver metastasis, metastatic colorectal cancer Received : January 09, 2017 Accepted : March 10, 2017 Published : May 31, 2017 Abstract Introduction: Surgery, a crucial therapeutic modality in the treatment of solid tumors, can induce sterile inflammatory processes which can result in metastatic progression. Liver ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury, an inevitable consequence of hepatic resection of metastases, has been shown to foster hepatic capture of circulating cancer cells and accelerate metastatic growth. Efforts to reduce these negative consequences have not been thoroughly investigated. Drag reducing polymers (DRPs) are blood-soluble macromolecules that can, in nanomolar concentrations, increase tissue perfusion, decrease vascular resistance and decrease near-wall microvascular concentration of neutrophils and platelets thereby possibly reducing the inflammatory microenvironment. We hypothesize that DRP can potentially be used to ameliorate metastatic capture of tumor cells and tumor growth within the I/R liver. Methods: Experiments were performed utilizing a segmental ischemia model of mice livers. Five days prior or immediately prior to ischemia, murine colon adenocarcinoma cells (MC38) were injected into the spleen. DRP (polyethylene oxide) or a control of low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol without drag reducing properties were administered intraperitoneally at the onset of reperfusion. Results: After three weeks from I/R, we observed that liver I/R resulted in an increased ability to capture and foster growth of circulating tumor cells; in addition, the growth of pre-existing micrometastases was accelerated three weeks later. These effects were significantly curtailed when mice were treated with DRPs at the time of I/R. Mechanistic investigations in vivo indicated that DRPs protected the livers from I/R injury as evidenced by significant decreases in hepatocellular damage, neutrophil recruitment into the liver, formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, deposition of platelets, formation of microthrombi within the liver sinusoids and release of inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions: DRPs significantly attenuated metastatic tumor development and growth. DRPs warrant further investigation as a potential treatment for liver I/R injury in the clinical setting to improve cancer-specific outcomes.
Extensive Form Generalized Games

This paper introduces extensive form generalized games, a general framework for modeling dynamic strategic settings where players' feasible strategies depend on the strategies chosen by others. Extensive form generalized games nest a variety of existing game theoretic frameworks, including games with bounded rationality, endogenous information acquisition, rationally inattentive players, and games played by finite automata. Sufficient conditions for the existence of equilibria in behavioral strategies are provided for finite extensive form generalized games, and are shown to be tight. The most salient of these conditions, generalized perfect recall, is a generalized convexity condition which is equivalent to perfect recall in standard extensive form games. Feasibility correspondences describing rational inattention are shown to satisfy generalized perfect recall, and a notion of perfection is introduced to rule out incredible self restraint, a novel type of incredible threat in these settings.
Fire behind the fury: IL-18 and MAS

In this issue of Blood, Weiss et al and Girard-Guyonvarc’h et al demonstrate the ability of free plasma interleukin-18 (IL-18) to distinguish macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) from other inflammatory disorders. Furthermore, with several animal models, they demonstrate that IL-18 is not just a biomarker but rather a driver of inflammation and potential therapeutic target in some patients with MAS. 1,2
Computational risk management for building highly reliable network services

Building reliable network services that can deliver consistent high performance to clients in the presence of failures and bursty demand is expensive and inefficient. Resources often need to be heavily overprovisioned to accommodate peak demand and the cost of such overprovisioning "prices out" many applications that could stand to benefit from a performance safety-net and ultimately provide more reliable service to end users. To address these problems, we propose an approach based on a shared Computational Service Provider (CSP). A CSP is an entity which provides massive amounts of widely distributed computation and storage and makes resources available through a mix of spot and derivative markets. Services obtain resources through the CSP and, drawing inspiration from finance, employ quantitative risk management techniques for trading off cost, performance, and risk to probabilistically achieve target levels of delivered client performance.
Vitreomacular traction syndrome confused with pseudophakic cystoid macular edema.

Vitreomacular traction syndrome causes visual loss as a consequence of persistent traction on the fovea from an attached posterior hyaloid. The diagnosis can be challenging because the attachment may be subtle. Cystoid macular edema secondary to cataract extraction is well known and can occur in the absence of any surgical complication. Herein, a patient is described who had vitreomacular traction syndrome diagnosed after uneventful cataract surgery. Pars plana vitrectomy with detachment of the posterior hyaloid restored vision to an acceptable level. Careful examination and clinical suspicion are important because recognition and surgical intervention will benefit the majority of these patients. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:392-394.] Vitreomacular traction syndrome with resultant decreased visual acuity is increasingly recognized as a cause of visual loss that is potentially amenable to surgical intervention. 1,2 The diagnosis can be difficult to make because the findings can be subtle. Herein, a patient is described who had vitreomacular traction syndrome diagnosed after uneventful cataract surgery. This patient showed significant improvement after pars plana vitrectomy surgery.
Jacques Derrida (1930–2004)

Of all the philosophers of the late twentieth century, Derrida is probably the most influential and the most widely misunderstood. His impact on the direction literary criticism has taken has been enormous; the reception of his work was to produce what has become known as “deconstruction” and set the stage for the debate between modernism and postmodernism. His works have had a wide and diverse influence on many disciplines, including fields as different as architecture, art, feminism, filmmaking and film criticism, legal scholarship, music, psychoanalysis, and theology.
Autosegmental Aims in Surface-Optimizing Phonology

We develop a novel optimization approach to tone. Its grammatical component consists of the similarity- and proximity-based correspondence constraint framework of Agreement by Correspondence theory...
Health Anxiety: A Cognitive-Behavioral Framework

Health anxiety, while not a diagnosis, refers to a set of symptoms characterized by preoccupied worry with having or developing a serious medical illness. An individual presenting with interfering and distressing symptoms of health anxiety may receive a DSM-5 diagnosis of illness anxiety disorder (previously known as hypochondriasis) or somatic symptom disorder, based on the amount of physical complaints they have. Unfortunately, health anxiety is often initially misdiagnosed or undiagnosed due to an individual’s belief that their symptoms are solely physical. Health anxiety is costly to society due to lost work productivity and increased use of medical services. However, health anxiety can be successfully treated within a cognitive-behavioral framework. Intervention techniques include psychoeducation, exposure and response prevention, stress management, and mindfulness processes. Health anxiety symptoms have also shown improvement through pharmacological interventions. Chapter highlights include the definition of health anxiety, various treatment approaches and their efficacies, considerations in light of comorbid physical conditions, and case examples. Ultimately, we conclude that health anxiety, while challenging to diagnose and build trust for treatment in the beginning stages, can be treated effectively within a cognitive-behavioral framework through targeting dysfunctional beliefs about illness.
A Communication-Centric Approach for Designing Flexible DNN Accelerators

High computational demands of deep neural networks (DNNs) coupled with their pervasiveness across cloud and IoT platforms have led to the emergence of DNN accelerators employing hundreds of processing elements (PE). Most DNN accelerators are optimized for regular mapping of the problems, or dataflows, emanating from dense matrix multiplications in convolutional layers. However, continuous innovations in DNN including myriad layer types/shapes, cross-layer fusion, and sparsity have led to irregular dataflows within accelerators, which introduces severe PE underutilization because of rigid and tightly coupled connections among PEs and buffers. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a communication-centric approach called MAERI for designing DNN accelerators. MAERI's key novelty is a light-weight configurable interconnect connecting all compute and memory elements that enable efficient mapping of both regular and irregular dataflows providing near 100 PE utilization.
Next-Generation Sequencing–Based Assessment of JAK2, PD-L1, and PD-L2 Copy Number Alterations at 9p24.1 in Breast Cancer: Potential Implications for Clinical Management

Genomic amplification at 9p24.1, including the loci for JAK2, PD-L1, and PD-L2, has recently been described as a mechanism of resistance in postchemotherapy, triple-negative breast cancer. This genomic signature holds significant promise as a prognostic biomarker and has implications for targeted therapy with JAK2 inhibitors, as well as with immunotherapy. To guide future screening strategies, the frequency of these alterations was determined. A total of 5399 cases were included in the study. This encompassed 2890 institutional cases tested by the Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets assay and 2509 cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The combined incidence of 9p24.1 amplifications in both the Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets and TCGA cohorts was 1.0% (56/5399 cases) and showed a >10-fold higher incidence in triple-negative breast cancer (triple-negative: 5.1%; non–triple-negative: 0.5%). Tumor mutation burden and stromal tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, parameters used to assess response to immunotherapy, were not significantly higher for these cases. The significance of genomic losses at 9p24.1 is unclear, and further studies are needed. Herein, we studied the spectrum of copy number alterations in breast cancer cases within our institutional clinical sequencing cohort and those profiled by TCGA to determine the frequency of genomic alterations that may predict response or resistance to JAK2 inhibitors and/or immunotherapy.
Essentials of Diagnostic Microbiology

The clinical microbiology laboratory includes bacteriology, mycobacteriology, virology, mycology, and parasitology and therefore plays a central role in the diagnosis and management of infectious diseases. Specimen collection is perhaps the most important aspect of infectious disease testing. Failure to collect quality samples can lead to unnecessary delays and/or misleading results. Microorganisms may be detected directly from clinical specimens microscopically or by demonstrating the presence of their antigens or nucleic acids, but culture remains essential due to its broad applicability and the need for isolates to perform complete antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Once isolated in culture, microorganisms may be identified using a variety of approaches with newer molecular technologies increasingly replacing traditional biochemical and antigen testing. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility tests are performed routinely for most bacterial and yeast pathogens, but such testing for anaerobes, molds, and most mycobacteria is typically performed only upon request. The scope of clinical microbiology is extensive. This chapter provides a very broad overview of infectious disease diagnostics meant to highlight the concepts that are most important to the clinical team.
Time-domain optical coherence tomography can measure artworks with high penetration and high resolution

Accurate measurements of the geometric shape and the internal structure of cultural artifacts are of great importance for the analysis and understanding of artworks such as paintings. Often their complex layers, delicate materials, high value and uniqueness preclude all but the sparsest sample-based measurements (microtomy or embedding of small chips of paint). In the last decade, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has enabled dense point-wise measurements of layered surfaces to create 3D images with axial resolutions at micron scales. Commercial OCT systems at biologically-useful wavelengths (900 nm to 1.3 μm) can reveal some painting layers, strong scattering and absorption at these wavelengths severely limits the penetration depth. While Fourierdomain methods increase measurement speed and eliminate moving parts, they also reduce signal-to-noise ratios and increase equipment costs. In this paper, we present an improved lower-cost time-domain OCT (TD-OCT) system for deeper, high-resolution 3D imaging of painting layers. Assembled entirely from recently-available commercially-made parts, its 2x2 fused fiber-optic coupler forms an interferometer without a delicate, manuallyaligned beam-splitter, its low-cost broadband Q-switched super-continuum laser source supplies 20 KHz 0.4-2.4 μm coherent pulses that penetrate deeply into the sample matrix, and its single low-cost InGaAs amplified photodetector replaces the sensitive spectroscopic camera required by Fourier domain OCT (FD-OCT) systems. Our fiber and filter choices operate at 2.0±0.2 μm wavelengths, as these may later help us characterize scattering and absorption characteristics, and yield axial resolution of about 4.85 μm, surprisingly close to the theoretical maximum of 4.41 μm. We show that despite the moving parts that make TD-OCT measurements more timeconsuming, replacing the spectroscopic camera required by FD-OCT with a single-pixel detector offers strong advantages. This detector measures interference power at all wavelengths simultaneously, but at a single depth, enabling the system to reach its axial resolution limits by simply using more time to acquire more samples per Ascan. We characterize the system performance using material samples that match real works of art. Our system provides an economical and practical way to improve 3D imaging performance for cultural heritage applications in terms of penetration, resolution, and dynamic range.
The crystal and molecular structure of one of the possible conformers of “the smallest piece of ice”—A solid-state isolation of a hydrogen bonded water hexamer trapped within channels of a crystal of a dirhodium molecule

Reexamination of our study of [Rh2(HNOCCH3)4(2H2O)] ⋅ 3H2O (Ahsan, M.Q.; Bernal, I.; Bear, J.L. Inorg. Chem. 1986, 26 260) showed it to be interesting not just because the dirhodium molecule is an antineoplastic but because it contains a hexameric cluster of waters trapped in Rh–Rh lattice cavities. It may well provide an interesting model for the “smallest piece of ice” (Nauta, K.; Miller, R.E. Science 2000, 287, 293).
Review of Current Practices of Peripheral Nerve Blocks for Hip Fracture and Surgery

This article aims to describe the anatomical and technical aspects of various regional techniques used for fracture hip and hip surgery. We reviewed the commonly used nerve blocks, interfascial plane blocks and current evidence of their utility in hip fracture patients. Fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) and femoral nerve block (FNB) are the most commonly used nerve blocks for providing pain relief for hip fracture patients. Supra-inguinal FICB has more consistent spread to all nerves and can enable better pain control. Both the FICB and FNB have shown analgesic efficacy with reduced pain scores, opioid sparing effect, and they enable better patient positioning for spinal in the operating room. These nerve blocks in the elderly patients can also have beneficial effects on delirium, reduced hospital length of stay, and decreased incidence of pneumonia. Some of the novel interfascial plane blocks like PEricapsular Nerve Group (PENG) blocks are now being explored to provide pain relief for fracture hip. Hip fracture in the elderly has associated morbidity and mortality. Early surgical intervention has shown to reduce morbidity and mortality. Pain management in this elderly population poses a unique challenge and complementing with regional anesthesia for analgesia has shown numerous benefits.
Effect of Implementing Simulation Education on Health Care Worker Comfort With Nasopharyngeal Swabbing for COVID-19.

ObjectiveTo determine if rapid implementation of simulation training for the nasopharyngeal swab procedure can increase provider confidence regarding procedure competency.MethodsA simulation traini...
LAG-3 overexpression in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma.

10531Background: The role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) has led to FDA approval for use of inhibitors in chemotherapy-refractory HL. Numerous additional immune checkpoints may be ...
Estrogen Hormone Replacement Therapy in Incidental Meningioma - A Growth Rate Analysis (4997)

Objective: We aimed to retrospectively compare tumor characteristics and grow-rates of incidental meningiomas of those with a ≥6-month history of estrogen-based HRT (e-HRT) before or during surveillance compared to those without (no-HRT). Background: Meningiomas are common intracranial neoplasms with female predominance and sharply rising incidence in the perimenopausal years. As they often express estrogen receptors, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) poses a theoretical risk inducing accelerated growth in meningiomas. Although HRT has been linked to slightly increased incidence, its actual effect on meningioma growth-rate had not been studied in a clinical population. Design/Methods: Fourty females with e-HRT and 80 age-matched HRT-naive females were identified from the NorthShore Incidental Meningioma Database. Tumor characteristics and diameters were analyzed on initial and all follow-up MRIs. Progression-free survival (PFS) was assessed. Results: Twenty-one patients completed e-HRT before, 10 started before and continued during, and 9 started e-HRT during surveillance. Patient and radiographic characteristics were similar between the groups (mean age 62y in both, parity; tumor calcification, T2W-intensity), whereas those with e-HRT had significantly lower body weight (68±16kg vs. 77±21kg; p=0.01) and tended to have longer follow-up (6.7±3.9yrs vs. 5.3±3.9yrs; p=0.07). Those with e-HRT had significantly smaller meningiomas (13±6mm vs. 16±9mm at diagnosis and 15±7mm vs. 19±11mm at end of follow-up; p=0.03 for both), and slower absolute grow-rates (0.5±0.8 vs 1.0±2.1mm/year; p=0.05) than those of no-HRT. Proportional growth-rate differences were not significant (3.3%/year vs. 5.4%/year p>0.05). Subgroup analyses showed no difference between vaginal vs. oral/subcutaneous/transdermal route e-HRT vs. no-HRT. PFS defined by RECIST1.1, RANO and clinical (new symptoms or treatment) criteria were 11.1, 6.6 and 14.7 years in e-HRT versus 10.5, 5.4 and 11.4 years in no-HRT. None of the differences were significant (log-rank p>0.1). Conclusions: In this preliminary analysis, those with e-HRT had smaller tumors that grew slower, suggesting that e-HRT may be safe in incidental meningioma. Disclosure: Dr. Merrell has nothing to disclose. Dr. Castillo-Saavedra has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yuen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wilmington has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jenkins Vogel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Walker has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kamson has nothing to disclose.
Child Support Establishment and Enforcement in a Disadvantaged Population: Results from an Empirical Investigation of Paternity Actions in St. Joseph County, Indiana

In this paper, we report data on child support awards and enforcement in a population of children and parents for whom paternity actions were brought in 2008 or 2010 in St. Joseph County, Indiana. Nonmarital children are less likely to have support orders established than marital children, and much less likely to experience full payment. Their parents are disproportionately young, poor, and unemployed. Today, there is general consensus that the current system of allocating and enforcement support obligations simply does not work well for disadvantaged families, and that new models are needed. The computerized, court-based record system we utilized to collect data gave us access to information on parental characteristics and child outcomes that other researchers investigating child support in disadvantaged populations have been unable to access. Our research thus offers an unusually data-rich window into current support practices and problems in a population of the sort where problems are large and new solutions desperately needed.
JA:2021-7. Compliance with Recommended Safety Standards among High-Risk Farm Equipment

Purpose: Tractor rollovers, machine entanglements, and falls have consistently resulted in high rates of fatal and nonfatal injury on farms. While rates continue to be high, we know very little abo...
Book Review: James R. Elkins, Lawyers Poets and that World We Call Law

The review highly recommends Prof. Elkins' anthology of poems by lawyers about lawyering in the U.S. He has artfully selected and arranged the poems to portray the diverse emotional, intellectual, and financial impacts of practicing law in the U.S.
Plant-based food hydrogels: Constitutive characteristics, formation, and modulation

Abstracts Plant-based hydrogels have great potential for applications, motivated by a favorable sustainability profile compared with other sources. They can be engineered to exhibit tailor-made textural structures and functional properties via tuning interrelated factors. The interrelationships between hydrogel fabrication, constitutive nature, mechanical properties, and performance underlie the fundamental design rationale for applications in different disciplines. Herein, we comprehensively review the natural characteristics of network-building blocks (particularly legume proteins and starch) and gelation principles of plant-based hydrogels. Special highlights are focused on how these involved factors impact hydrogel formation and, in turn, modulate its network structures and performance. We also propose some trends in advanced hydrogel designs, which can inspire new applications and provide convenient anchoring points for enhanced functions in prospect.
Multiplexed Bioluminescence for Signal Transduction in Living-Cell Biosensors

This chapter discusses multiplexed bioluminescence for signal transduction in living-cell biosensors. Living-cell biosensors are sensors that use measurable responses in whole living cells as indicators of environmental conditions. The responses most commonly used are oxygen consumption, chemical potential at the cellular membrane, and genetic regulation. Genetic regulation is the most attractive since it can be highly specific, and is manipulatable using recombinant DNA technology. To provide a real-time transduction of genetic regulation, genes encoding bioluminescent proteins often are coupled to the regulatory mechanism. The investigations have shown that color can be substantially altered by amino acid substitutions resulting in less than 1% change to the overall primary structure. We are currently developing a pair of luciferases to be widely different in color, but minimally different in other properties. The enzymes will increase the information content of the signal transduction process through wavelength multiplexing, and because the system being developed is unconnected with any specific genetic context, it should be generally portable into genetic-based sensor designs.
Agricultural prices and wages in Colombia

Abstract The determinants of relative agricultural prices and real wages in agriculture in Colombia are analysed for the years 1967–83. The role of fiscal policy and the coffee boom of the 1970s are viewed as key factors in the relative decline of agriculture during this period.
Determining the Effective Use of E-Services: An Empirical Study

This research determines factors that influence the effective use of e-Services. Factors such as user experience and motivation, perceived usefulness and ease of use are studied to understand the process of effective use for e-Services. Primary core variables of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), perceived usefulness and ease of use, are included into the Electronic Services Acceptance Model (E-SAM).