cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rapid Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles in a Halide-Free Deep Eutectic Solvent

Organosoluble silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been synthesized for the first time in a task-specific, halide-free, deep eutectic solvent (DES) using a simple and convenient wet chemical reduction route involving microwave (MW) heating with oleylamine (OAm) acting as a surfactant and reducing agent. Nanoparticle formation is extremely rapid and occurs within 30 s of microwave heating at 100 °C. The effects of various reaction parameters (e.g., synthesis temperature, MW irradiation time, maximal MW power, water content of the medium) on the size and uniformity of the prepared AgNPs have been elucidated in this study. The produced colloidal AgNPs were characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), with the aim of identifying reaction parameters simultaneously achieving optimal particle yield and colloid uniformity. This work illustrates how the versatile nature of DESs can be exploited to create unconventional DESs designed for nanoscale tasks for which conventional (e....
The Unrelenting Darkness of False Light: A Sui Generis Tort

In at least some instances, bathing another in a false light is a serious matter; it damages the victim’s reputation and standing in the community, thereby causing painful interior turmoil. It is a wrong, and—in at least some instances—is appropriately made tortious. But what kind of tort is it; how can we most felicitously reason about it? In an influential article, William L. Prosser categorizes false light as a privacy tort—one of four. Others, including Wade L. Robison, have subsequently accepted this classification. I do not. I argue that a false light attack could be initiated, and fully perpetrated, without the perpetrator’s taking any action sensibly deemed an intrusion into the victim’s private affairs. This distinguishes it from the other three, which are genuine privacy torts. Additionally, arguments which treat false light as a privacy tort become contorted, counterintuitive, even paradoxical. Clarity dispels this confusion, when once we conceive of false light as a sui generis tort.
Dynamic operations and pricing of electric unmanned aerial vehicle systems and power networks

Abstract The emergence of electric unmanned aerial vehicle (E-UAV) technologies, albeit somewhat futuristic, is anticipated to pose similar challenges to the system operation as those of electric vehicles (EVs). Notably, the charging of EVs en-route at charging stations has been recognized as a significant type of flexible load for power systems, which often imposes non-negligible impacts on the power system operator’s decisions on electricity prices. Meanwhile, the charging cost based on charging time and price is part of the trip cost for the users, which can affect the spatio-temporal assignment of E-UAV traffic to charging stations. This paper aims at investigating joint operations of coupled power and electric aviation transportation systems that are associated with en-route charging of E-UAVs in a centrally controlled and yet dynamic setting, i.e., with time-varying travel demand and power system base load. Dynamic E-UAV charging assignment is used as a tool to smooth the power system load. A joint pricing scheme is proposed and a cost minimization problem is formulated to achieve system optimality for such coupled systems. Numerical experiments are performed to test the proposed pricing scheme and demonstrate the benefits of the framework for joint operations.
Methods for Decreasing HIV Transmission to Infants

AIDS poses a potentially devastating threat to children’s health internationally. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that in areas where the seroprevalence of HIV infection in women of childbearing age ranges from 10 to 25%, AIDS will lead to “an increase in child mortality by at least 25%; the gains achieved with difficulty by child survival programs over the past two decades may be nullified”(1). These tragically high seroprevalence rates already hold true for some areas in central Africa, as do the infant mortality rates associated with being born to a seropositive mother.-In Zaire, the infant mortality rate of children born to seropositive mothers was 21%, compared to 3.8% for infants born to seronegative mothers. Of the infants born to seropositive mothers who survived the first year of life, an additional 7.9% had developed clinical AIDS, thereby presumably contributing to higher 1-to-4-year child mortality rates (2).
Novel Agents for the Management of Endocrine Resistant Breast Cancer

Purpose of Review Most women with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative (HR+/HER2−) breast cancer will ultimately develop endocrine-resistant disease, either primary or acquired. This review will discuss the proposed mechanisms underlying endocrine resistance and key advances in the treatment of endocrine-resistant breast cancer.
Supervisory Control of On-load Tap-Changing Transformers in Xiamen Bipole VSC-HVDC Transmission Demonstration Project

In the framework of discrete-event systems, supervisory control of transformers in Xiamen bipole Voltage Source Converter based High Voltage Direct Current Transmission (VSC-HVDC) project is studied. An on-load tap-changing transformer is a typical discrete-event system, which its behavior is event-driven rather than time-driven and its states (the location of the tap) are discrete. In Xiamen bipole VSC-HVDC project, the on-load tap-changing transformer can be controlled either automatically or manually. For manually pattern, the operating are made by operator and do not need a controller. So, this paper discusses the automatically control pattern. This paper considers an on-load tap-changing transformer as a discrete-event system. The on-load tap-changing transformer and its specifications (control logics) are modeled as finite automata. By using TCT procedure, this paper synthesizes the supervisory controller (supervisor) and shown that the specifications are controllable and the closed loop system is nonblocking. Finally, we compare our supervisor with the controller in Xiamen bipole VSC-HVDC project. The comparison results show that the control logics of our supervisor are the same as the control logics of the controller in Xiamen bipole VSC-HVDC project.
Mobilized Peripheral Blood Stem Cells Collection, a Retrospective Review of the Impact of Race/Ethnicity Among Autologous and Allogeneic Donors: A Single Center Experience

The impact of race/ethnicity on hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) mobilization remains controversial. Past studies have concluded Black healthy donors as more robust mobilizers or comparable mobilizers with Whites in response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Whether ethnicity plays any role in HSPC mobilization in autologous donors was not studied. We conducted a single center retrospective study to examine effects of race/ethnicity on CD34+ cell mobilization both in allogeneic and autologous donors. Autologous donors included patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) and non-MM (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, amyloidosis, POEM). Here we studied the self-reported race/ethnicity information and donor characteristics (63 autologous & 23 allogeneic). The donors were grouped as Black, White, Hispanic/Latino, and Asia Pacific Islanders (API). Both autologous and allogeneic donors received G-CSF for 5 days and plerixafor was administered on day 4/5 to autologous donors. Our data show that Black autologous donors had significantly higher CD34+ cell yield per liter blood in comparison to Whites and Hispanics respectively {mean ± SD (39.8 ± 23.9 vs. 24.3 ± 20.6 vs 22.5 ±16.1) × 106 CD34+ cells/liter, p=0.0184, n=63). Interestingly, the same trend was observed when we compared allogeneic donors (Black 45.1 ± 34.1 vs. White 20.2 ± 7.5 vs. Hispanic 47.1 ± 15.3) CD34+ cells/liter × 106, p=0.3699, n=23). The CD34+ cell yield between females and males among autologous or allogeneic donors was not statistically significant. Using multivariate analysis to evaluate CD34+ cell yields among different race/ethnicity, controlling for other variables in the model, autologous MM donors had the highest CD34+ cells yield than other groups (β_non-MM = −0.77, p- = 0.0003). Although Black MM donors had higher CD34+ cell yields than Whites or Hispanics, the CD34+ cell yields between the MM donors and healthy donors was surprisingly comparable both among Blacks and Whites. MM donors had higher CD34+ cell yields than any other groups. The above results support the view that therapies used in MM patients are likely more conducive of recovery of HSPCs. The superior CD34+ cell yields from MM patients in spite of lenalidomide-based therapies with known myelosuppressive potential is intriguing. Taken together, our study shows that MM patients display higher mobilizing ability than non-MM. Interestingly, when MM donors are compared with allogeneic donors, both Blacks and Whites retain comparable CD34+ cell yields. The increase in CD34+ cell yields in Blacks was more profound among autologous MM donors. The underlying biologic basis of higher CD34+ cell yields in Black donors warrants future investigation. Ongoing evaluation of donor characteristics and response to mobilization regimens would support development of novel strategies tailored to individual race/ethnicity groups in the future.
Large format arrays of kinetic inductance detectors for the TolTEC millimeter-wave imaging polarimeter (Conference Presentation)

Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) provide a technological path towards the high-yield, large-format detector arrays needed for the next generation of experiments. The intrinsically integrated readout components of MKIDs generally give rise to high multiplexing factors, simplified assembly, and streamlined experimental integration. We describe the first MKID arrays fabricated and tested on monolithic 150 mm diameter silicon substrates – a crucial scaling in fabrication capacity that is necessary for future large-scale experiments aiming to incorporate hundreds of thousands of detectors in the coming years. The arrays described here are being developed for the TolTEC millimeter-wave imaging polarimeter being constructed for the 50-meter Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT), with observations planned to begin in early 2019. TolTEC uses dichroic filters to define three physically independent focal planes for operation in observational bands centered at 1.1, 1.4, and 2.0 mm. Each focal plane observes in just one wavelength band, allowing the use of simple to produce, direct-absorption pixel designs with each pixel comprising two detectors that are sensitive to orthogonal states of linear polarization. TolTEC comprises approximately 7,000 polarization sensitive MKIDs designed to operate at a base temperature of 100 mK. The primary working material used for these devices are TiN/Ti/TiN multilayer films, which have several advantageous qualities including: low two-level system noise at the TiN-silicon interface; linear responsivity; uniformity in deposition; and tunable transition temperature, sheet resistance and sheet inductance. We describe the detailed pixel and array layout designs, including focal plane integration and optical coupling via spline-profiled, silicon-platelet, feedhorn-coupled waveguide. We present measurements of full arrays and/or prototype small arrays of devices operating in each of the three observation bands and compare the observed noise and optical performance to that predicted from models and simulations. We also describe the fabrication methods used to produce these large-format arrays with high yield and uniformity.
Rosental Alves “El futuro del periodismo depende mucho del emprendimiento y de la innovación”

According to Rosental Alves, director of the Knight Center for Journalism in the Americas, the digital revolution is a long process that will keep going along the next decades, and that implies the break of the prevailing media system and the creation of a new media ecosystem. Nowadays, the newspaper, for instance, is not
The Effects of Interactivity on the Attitudes and Intentions about Second-hand Smoke: Comparison of Two Mechanisms

This study examines whether interactive affordances of an anti-secondhand-smoking website can induce college students’ behavioral and attitudinal changes. A single factor experiment (the interactiv...
Clinical Decision Support for Hyperbilirubinemia Risk Assessment in the Electronic Health Record

Abstract Background Physiologic neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice) is common and affects most newborn infants. However, there is a risk for permanent neurological damage if the bilirubin levels rise above a certain threshold. The management of neonatal jaundice includes the assessment of bilirubin laboratory values, consideration of patient-specific risk factors, and plotting on a bilirubin nomogram reference to determine risk and guide therapy. When performed manually, the process can be time consuming and error-prone. Therefore, web-based calculators such as BiliTool have been developed to assist in risk assessment. Methods To streamline the risk assessment calculation process further within our electronic health record (EHR), we created a “BiliReport” to display patient bilirubin-related data and automate transmission of deidentified patient data to the BiliTool website ( https://bilitool.org ). After implementation, we evaluated usage data, provider satisfaction, and accuracy of documentation. Results We demonstrated high provider use of the BiliReport and satisfaction with the workflow. We found a significant improvement in the accuracy of bilirubin risk level documentation, with a reduction in erroneous risk stratification from 4% (15/232) to 0.4% (1/243), P Conclusions Integrating the neonatal hyperbilirubinemia risk assessment process into the EHR may reduce errors and improve provider documentation and adherence to recommended guidelines.
Viral Suppressors of Gene Silencing

Abstract Gene silencing (also known as RNA interference) is a sequence-specific gene inactivation system that downregulates RNA accumulation at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels. In eukaryotes, a wide range of biological processes are regulated through gene silencing, including development, organ formation, and stress responses. Additionally, in plants, nematodes, and insects, gene silencing is an essential for antiviral immunity. Viruses are targeted by gene silencing. To promote infection, viruses of plants, nematodes, and insects encode suppressors of gene silencing. Suppression of gene silencing protects viruses and caused developmental defects perceived as symptoms in infected organisms.
Villages in cities: Community land ownership, cooperative housing, and the Milton Parc story, edited by Joshua Hawley and Dimitrios Roussopoulos

1968 saw political rebellions in many nations, including the United States—where Martin Luther King and Bobby Kennedy were assassinated, and Richard Nixon was elected president—and Mexico, which ho...
Hypersonic Blunt-Body Gas Dynamics

The intent in this chapter is to present some of the methods and techniques being used in the aerospace industry to determine the flow field around a blunt body moving at hypersonic speed. In this context, attention is given primarily to presenting the more significant results obtained in recent years, and, where possible, experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions. Before discussing these methods and results, however, it is worthwhile to view the role that flow-field analysis plays in the design of a hypersonic vehicle.
Diarrhea in Farmed White-tailed Deer Fawns

Diarrheal diseases, commonly called scour, are common in newborn ruminant farm animals including deer fawns. The clinical presentation can range from mild diarrhea without systemic disease to profuse, acute diarrhea associated with rapid dehydration and death, sometimes within hours of onset. Determining the particular agents associated with an outbreak of diarrhea is important for both prevention and treatment. This 5-page fact sheet written by Juan M. Campos Krauer and Samantha M. Wisely and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation focuses on disease in fawns caused by pathogenic types of Escherichia coli, describes the pathogens and how they infect fawns, and includes advice about treatment and prevention.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/uw463
Channel Length Optimization for Planar LDMOS Field-Effect Transistors for Low-Voltage Power Applications

We identify an optimum channel length for planar Laterally Diffused Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (LDMOS) field-effect transistors, in terms of the specific on-resistance, through systematic device simulation and optimization. We simulate LDMOS devices with different channel lengths ranging from 100 nm to 10 nm, modifying the length of the drift region and doping concentration of the body region to match a pre-determined leakage current suitable for low-voltage power applications (3.3V and 5V). For devices with a channel length exceeding 40 nm, reducing the channel length decreases the on-resistance as expected. Below 40 nm, an increase in resistance is observed as the result of an increased body doping concentration leading to significant electron mobility degradation in the channel area.
Deconstructing disability training in counseling: a critical examination and call to the profession

Many persons with disabilities (PWDs) are ill-served by a counseling workforce acking adequate disability training. In this article, we identify the reasons behind this deficiency using a critical ...
Quantification of Aerosol Concentrations During Endonasal Instrumentation in the Clinic Setting

Objective Recent anecdotal reports and cadaveric simulations have described aerosol generation during endonasal instrumentation, highlighting a possible risk for transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during endoscopic endonasal instrumentation. This study aims to provide a greater understanding of particle generation and exposure risk during endoscopic endonasal instrumentation. Study design Prospective quantification of aerosol generation during office-based nasal endoscopy procedures. Methods Using an optical particle sizer, airborne particles concentrations 0.3 to 10 microns in diameter, were measured during 30 nasal endoscopies in the clinic setting. Measurements were taken at time points throughout diagnostic and debridement endoscopies and compared to preprocedure and empty room particle concentrations. Results No significant change in airborne particle concentrations was measured during diagnostic nasal endoscopies in patients without the need for debridement. However, significant increases in mean particle concentration compared to preprocedure levels were measured during cold instrumentation at 2,462 particles/foot3 (95% CI 837 to 4,088; P = .005) and during suction use at 2,973 particle/foot3 (95% CI 1,419 to 4,529; P = .001). In total, 99.2% of all measured particles were ≤1 μm in diameter. Conclusion When measured with an optical particle sizer, diagnostic nasal endoscopy with a rigid endoscope is not associated with increased particle aerosolization in patient for whom sinonasal debridement is not needed. In patients needing sinonasal debridement, endonasal cold and suction instrumentation were associated with increased particle aerosolization, with a trend observed during endoscope use prior to tissue manipulation. Endonasal debridement may potentially pose a higher risk for aerosolization and SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Appropriate personal protective equipment use and patient screening are recommended for all office-based endonasal procedures. Level of evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 2020.
Symptom heterogeneity and patient subgroup classification among US patients with post-treatment Lyme disease: an observational study.

OBJECTIVES To identify underlying subgroups with distinct symptom profiles, and to characterise and compare these subgroups across a range of demographic, clinical and psychosocial factors, within a heterogeneous group of patients with well-defined post-treatment Lyme disease (PTLD). DESIGN A clinical case series of patents. SETTING Participants were recruited from a single-site, Lyme disease referral clinic patient population and were evaluated by physical exam, clinical laboratory testing and standardised questionnaires. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred and twelve participants met study criteria for PTLD, with medical record-confirmed prior Lyme disease as well as current symptoms and functional impact. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis classified 30 self-reported symptoms into 6 factors: 'Fatigue Cognitive', 'Ocular Disequilibrium', 'Infection-Type', 'Mood-Related', 'Musculoskeletal Pain' and 'Neurologic'. A final latent profile analysis was conducted using 'Fatigue Cognitive', 'Musculoskeletal Pain' and 'Mood-Related' factor-based scores, which produced three emergent symptom profiles, and participants were classified into corresponding subgroups with 59.0%, 18.9% and 22.2% of the sample, respectively. Compared with the other two groups, subgroup 1 had similarly low levels across all factors relative to the sample as a whole, and reported lower rates of disability (1.6% vs 10.0%, 12.8%; q=0.126, 0.035) and higher self-efficacy (median: 7.5 vs 6.0, 5.3; q=0.068,<0.001). Subgroup 2 had the highest 'Musculoskeletal Pain' factor-based scores (q≤0.001). Subgroup 3 was characterised overall by higher symptom factor-based scores, and reported higher depression (q≤0.001). CONCLUSIONS This analysis identified six symptom factors and three potentially clinically relevant subgroups among patients with well-characterised PTLD. We found that these subgroups were differentiated not only by symptom phenotype, but also by a range of other factors. This may serve as an initial step towards engaging with the symptom heterogeneity that has long been observed among patients with this condition.
Weakly nonlinear analysis of mean flow generation for tidally locked exoplanets

We study a model developed by Showman and Polvani [Equatorial superrotation on tidally locked exoplanets. Astrophys. J. 2011, 738, 71–94] to study the behaviour of a thin, upper atmospheric layer o...
Pavement maintenance and rehabilitation practices in California: A study of 35-year as-built data in PaveM

Abstract In this paper, the pavement maintenance and rehabilitation practices are presented based on the analysis of as-built data housed in PaveM—the pavement management system for the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). A 35-year period of as-built data from 1983 to 2017 was analyzed, involving 37 treatment strategies with 17 for asphalt and 20 for Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) pavements. The top ten treatment strategies, geographical and temporal variation of treated mileage, together with treatment costs and corresponding network condition were presented. It was found that: (1) The top 10 strategies are, in descending order: “Chip Seal”, “Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Thin Overlay”, “HMA Medium Overlay”, “HMA Thick Overlay”, “Mill and Fill”, “Grind/Replace Slabs”, “Slab Replacement”, “Crack Seat and Overlay”, “HMA Lane Replacement”, and “PCC Lane Replacement”. The top 10 strategies accounted for about 84% of the total treated lane kilometers. (2) On average, about 12.4% of the total network inventory (both asphalt and concrete pavements) was treated each year. This is equivalent to treat the entire network once every eight years. (3) About 18.3% of AC and 35.1% of PCC rehabilitation mileage was found applied on a lane-by-lane basis, instead of across all lanes. This finding solidified the necessity of a lane-based pavement management system in California. (4) The average annual weighted maintenance and rehabilitation cost per lane kilometer is about $192,248 for asphalt and $366,804 for PCC pavements. Due to the lack of preventive types of treatments for PCC pavement, the per lane kilometer cost is almost twice as high as that for its asphalt counterpart. It is suggested that more preventive type of treatments be implemented for PCC pavements.
Educational Place, Simultaneity, and Civic Participation in Asian America

Educational attainment is widely assumed to be positively correlated with civic participation in the United States. Yet Asian immigrants represent a civic paradox because they often report low rates of civic participation despite having relatively high educational attainment. This study investigates how educational place mediates civic participation among six Asian immigrant groups in the United States. We use the concept of simultaneity to examine the extent to which foreign and domestic educational environments mediate Asian immigrant proclivities for civic participation. Using survey data from the 2016 National Asian American Survey pre-election survey, we find exposure to foreign educational place decreases civic participation for all Asian immigrants; and educational place mediates subgroup group-level proclivities for civic participation. We conclude by discussing the significance of educational contexts relative to collective transnational simultaneity.
Business Cycle Co-Movement in Europe: Trade, Industry Composition and the Single Currency

This paper studies the reasons why business cycles are more synchronized between some European economies than between others. It analyzes the cyclical co-movement of real GDP for 325 European country-pairs over the 1995–2018 period and finds that differences in industry composition can explain disparities in business cycle synchronization better than trade or financial linkages. The role of trade is studied by considering both bilateral trade intensity and common trade relationships with third countries. Bilateral financial integration is found to have a negative effect on GDP correlations, while sharing the euro has a positive but relatively small effect. However, the euro amplifies the negative effect of industry specialization on co-movement. The results also show that using more disaggregated sectorial data substantially increases the importance of differences in industry composition.
Ultrasound-based criteria for adequate peripheral venous access in therapeutic apheresis procedures

BACKGROUND Apheresis procedures require adequate vascular access to achieve adequate inlet flow rates. Central dialysis-type catheters are often used in apheresis, despite their multiple risks. Peripheral venous access is a safe and effective option for many patients. AIM We previously demonstrated that ultrasound guidance reduces central venous catheter use in apheresis patients; however, no validated criteria for preprocedural evaluation of peripheral veins exist. Here, we hypothesized that ultrasound-based criteria could predict the adequacy of a peripheral vein for apheresis procedures. PATIENTS/METHODS In this pilot cohort study, we reviewed the procedural outcomes for 50 cases of peripheral venous procedures that used our ultrasound-based criteria. RESULTS Of the procedures that met our criteria, 96% (46/48) were successfully completed. Overall, our criteria had 100% sensitivity, 50% specificity, 96% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value. CONCLUSION Our criteria justify an evidence-based ultrasound-guided standard for evaluation of peripheral venous access for apheresis procedures.
The Little Things.

The Little Things “This guy was on the brink of death 10 days ago, but really he just wants his cheeseburger.” The medical team chuckles, but one member, a former patient, understands that this foc...
Questions Relating to the Competence of the Security Council

It has been said that international law is “more than any other law, a regulation of competencies.” 1 As such the question of competence has been a prominent one in any international organization. For example, more than one hundred questions were raised as to the competence of particular organs of the League of Nations during its life time,2 and it is not surprising that the United Nations has had to consider the same question on many occasions, especially in its early stage of existence, as it appears that it “is natural for institutions in their infancy to be faced with disputes in regard to their jurisdiction.”3 Indeed, the question of competence has been and is not only a major legal question,4 but also the most important question in the operations of the United Nations, in that all its actions emanate from either explicit or implicit recognition of its own competence. As early as 1950, a special committee of the American Society of International Law pointed out that “in many cases the Members concerned almost automatically challenged the competence of the United Nations in order to delay action or to channel the discussion away from the merits of the case. There are in consequence several hundreds of cases in which the competence of the Organization has been challenged.” 5 The prominence of questions relating to competence of the various organs of the United Nations and related agencies is also reflected in the advisory opinions given by the International Court of Justice. All but one 1 of the questions submitted to the Court for advisory opinion have touched upon the question of competence in one way or another.2
A sufficient condition for robust stability analysis of adaptive control systems

A sufficient condition is proposed to ensure the uniform boundedness of the solutions of a class of discrete-time dynamic systems which result from the robust stability analysis of adaptive control systems in the presence of unmodeled dynamics, bounded disturbances and time-varying parameters. >
Migration as a strategy for household finance: a research agenda on remittances payments and development.

It is time to fundamentally reframe the research agenda on remittances payments and development. We describe many of the research questions that now dominate the literature and why they lead us to uninformative answers. We propose reasons why these questions dominate the most important of which is that researchers tend to view remittances as states do (as windfall income) rather than as families do (as returns on investment). Migration is among other things a strategy for financial management in poor households: location is an asset migration an investment. This shift of perspective leads to much more fruitful research questions that have been relatively neglected. We suggest 12 such questions.
'Eighty Percent of the Art of Life is Showing Up': Ten Ideas for Doing More

SUBJECT AREA: classroom teaching. "Eighty percent of the art of life is showing up." -- Woody Allen Someone asked Henry Fonda to offer a sound-bite for the most important thing that a young actor should know. Fonda replied, "How to become an old actor." In the highly competitive world of the theatre, becoming an old actor involves more than just showing up for work. There is no guarantee of getting a booking. The critics have a short memory. To approach each new role afresh takes energy and inspiration. In this light, Woody Allen's famous quip seems like dubious advice for the development of professionals. Markets for professional talent do not give much weight simply to showing up. Consider the experience of baseball player, Cal Ripken, who played 2,632 consecutive games over a 20 year career, setting a new record. What the fans celebrate about him is not simply that he "showed up" but that he played consistently well enough for the coaches to put him in the game time after time. The relevant question for teachers is how to achieve a similar kind of consistency? Renewal involves more than getting a good night's sleep or mastering basic classroom techniques. If it were easy, we would all be Cal Ripkens in our respective fields. The challenge must be in what to renew, and how. Crafting a process of self-renewal and growth is at the heart of becoming an old actor, an old baseball player, and an old teacher. My previous columns have emphasized that great professionals carry a learning attitude into their work, and fasten onto interesting variations as exercises in maintaining a keen edge. This month's column offers a "top ten" list of experiences a teacher can use to renew and grow over time.
Monocyte enhancers are highly altered in systemic lupus erythematosus

Objective: Histone modifications set transcriptional competency and can perpetuate pathologic expression patterns. We defined systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-specific changes in H3K4me3 and K3K27me3, histone marks of gene activation and repression, respectively. Methods: We used ChIP-seq to define histone modifications in monocytes from SLE patients and controls. Results: Both promoters and enhancers exhibited significant changes in histone methylation in SLE. Regions with differential H3K4me3 in SLE were significantly enriched in potential interferon-related transcription factor binding sites and pioneer transcription factor sites. Conclusion: Enhancer activation defines the character of the cell and our data support extensive disease effects in monocytes, a particularly plastic lineage. Type I interferons not only drive altered gene expression but may also alter the character of the cell through chromatin modifications.
Energy circulation quadrature LC-VCO

An energy circulation technique is shown to unite an even number of oscillation tanks to form an integrated oscillator. It reduces phase noise and boosts the figure-of-merit beyond that which is achievable by a differential VCO while generating quadrature phase. The measured phase noise of a two-way configuration at 1 MHz offset is -132.6 dBc/Hz while drawing 27.7 mW from a 1.8 V supply. In simulation, the four-way configuration further reduces the phase noise by 3 dBc/Hz. Techniques for correcting the +/-90/spl deg/ phase ambiguity problem and I/Q phase mismatch are also presented.
ANOMALOUS RESULTS IN THE PERIODIC ACID OXIDATION OF SERINE

When serine-3-C14 was degraded with periodate at pH 5.5, the expected molar equivalents of carbon dioxide (carbon-1), formic acid (carbon-2), and formaldehyde (carbon-3) were obtained, but 15 to 31...
Computer-determined kinetic parameters from TG curves. Part XV

Abstract In previous publications, values of reaction order ( n ) were estimated for “ n -type ” unimolecular or pseudo-unimolecular decompositions without the need for any initial determination of activation energy ( E ) [1–5]. The procedures described involved the estimation of slopes of TG curves ( RT ) at various degrees of conversion (α) and corresponding temperatures ( T , K ) [data from DTA (and DSC) traces can also be readily utilized]. Then values of n could be determined directly by graphical procedures [2–4] or indirectly by iterative methods [5]. The aim of this paper is to extend previously reported procedures so that the value of n can now be determined directly by means of cubic equations which use data from TG or DTA (or DSC) traces.
Perceptions of community policing in a small town

Much of the information regarding community policing is based upon research conducted in large urban areas. In contrast, this article utilizes survey data to examine resident perceptions of community-policing practices in a small southern town. Low response rates from minority citizens, along with the negative impressions reported by minority participants, point to race as a major concern. Black respondents are less willing to trust the police, express greater dissatisfaction with the police, and grade the police significantly lower than do white participants. Interestingly, community-policing measures do not appear to enhance perceptions of the police. Suggestions for future research are offered.
The Role of Culture in International Relationship Marketing

International relationships are increasingly critical to business performance. Yet despite a recent surge in international research on relationship marketing (RM), it is unclear whether or how RM should be adapted across cultures. The authors adopt Hofstede's dimensions of culture to conduct a comprehensive, multivariate, metaregression analysis of 47,864 relationships across 170 studies, 36 countries, and six continents. To guide theory, they propose four tenets that parsimoniously capture the essence of culture's effects on RM. Study 1 affirms these tenets and emphasizes the importance of taking a fine-grained perspective to understand the role of culture in RM because of the high degree of heterogeneity across different cultural dimensions and RM linkages. For example, the magnitude of individualism's effect is 71% greater on RM than other cultural dimensions, whereas masculinity has almost no effect; however, accounting only for individualism ignores significant moderating effects of power distance an...
Effects of Psychosocial Characteristics of Work on Pregnancy Outcomes: A Critical Review

Birth outcomes may influence subsequent susceptibility to chronic diseases. With the increased number of women who continue to work during pregnancy, occupational stress has been hypothesized to be a potential contributor to adverse reproductive health outcomes. The Job Demand and Control model has been primarily used in investigating associations between work-related stress and outcomes such as preterm delivery, low birth weight, and spontaneous abortion. A literature review of occupational factors that have been associated with adverse reproductive outcomes was conducted. In studies assessing preterm delivery and low birth weight, some evidence has suggested a modest association with work-related stress but has not been conclusive. In the literature on psychosocial characteristics of work and spontaneous abortion, job strain alone was often not associated with adverse outcomes. However the presence of other risk factors resulted in a synergistic effect which strengthened the odds of an adverse outcome. Future studies should use a prospective design with a large study sample, in which work-related stress exposure data are collected before or in the early stages of the pregnancy. In addition, future research should measure psychosocial characteristics of work both objectively and subjectively.
In the midst of change

Abstract It is characteristic to be in the midst of change and not to recognize it. In retrospect 1970–72 at Clark University presaged a successful universalization of environmental perception, but it was a high point rather than a beginning in pursuit of the higher aspirations of the then-fledgling field. These aspirations—to solve practical problems, to develop a common methodology, to bridge the disciplines, and to develop or revise a theory—have never been fully realized. Widely accepted today, environmental perception and behavior mirrors the everyday differences within and between disciplines and thus is divided by theoretical ideology, substantive focus and views as to what constitutes data. As with the individual disciplines, I have successfully integrated environmental perception into my own work, moving it from the exceptional to the everyday, and with some regret, from the magic of 1970–72 to the science of today.
Preservation of seawater Sr and Nd isotopes in fossil fish teeth: bad news and good news

Abstract We analyzed 87Sr/86Sr ratios in foraminifera, pore fluids, and fish teeth for samples ranging in age from Eocene to Pleistocene from four Ocean Drilling Program sites distributed around the globe: Site 1090 in the Cape Basin of the Southern Ocean, Site 757 on the Ninetyeast Ridge in the Indian Ocean, Site 807 on the Ontong-Java Plateau in the western equatorial Pacific, and Site 689 on the Maud Rise in the Southern Ocean. Sr isotopic ratios for dated foraminifera consistently plot on the global seawater Sr isotope curve. For Sites 1090, 757, and 807 Sr isotopic values of the pore fluids are generally less radiogenic than contemporaneous seawater values, as are values for fossil fish teeth. In contrast, pore fluid 87Sr/86Sr values at Site 689 are more radiogenic than contemporaneous seawater, and the corresponding fish teeth also record more radiogenic values. Thus, Sr isotopic values preserved in fossil fish teeth are consistently altered in the direction of the pore fluid values; furthermore, there is a correlation between the magnitude of the offset between the pore fluids and the seawater curve, and the associated offset between the fish teeth and the seawater curve. These data suggest that the hydroxyfluorapatite of the fossil fish teeth continues to recrystallize and exchange Sr with its surroundings during burial and diagenesis. Therefore, Sr chemostratigraphy can be used to determine rough ages for fossil fish teeth in these cores, but cannot be used to fine-tune age models. In contrast to the Sr isotopic system, our Nd concentration data, combined with published isotopic and rare earth element data, suggest that fish teeth acquire Nd during early diagenesis while they are still in direct contact with seawater. The concentrations of Nd acquired at this stage are extremely high relative to the concentrations in surrounding pore fluids. As a result, Nd isotopes are not altered during burial and later diagenesis. Therefore, fossil fish teeth from a variety of marine environments preserve a reliable and robust record of deep seawater Nd isotopic compositions from the time of deposition.
The effect of aging on the association between coronary heart disease risk factors and carotid intima media thickness: An analysis of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort

Abstract Objective Aging decreases the strength of association between established coronary heart disease (CHD) and its risk factors. Carotid intima media thickness (IMT) is a widely used surrogate for coronary artery disease, which we hypothesized has a similar diminishing age-mediated strength of association with CHD occurrence and prevalence of its risk factors. Methods and results Data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort of 14,562 individuals aged 45 to 64 (mean follow up nine years) was stratified into two age groups, 45–54 and 55–64 years, within each of ARIC's four examination visits ( n = 14,562; 13,622; 7869; 6628 for visits 1 to 4, respectively). Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses with multiple linear and logistic regression modeling were used to compare the relationships between carotid IMT (the mean of six far wall sites from the right and left carotid bifurcation, common and internal carotid arteries with imputation of missing data) and the risk factors of smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and obesity with age. The strength of the associations between carotid IMT and most risk factors were qualitatively stronger across successive visits and within each visit, these associations were stronger in the older, as compared to the younger, age group. Conclusions In a large cohort followed for nearly one decade, our hypothesis that age attenuates the association of CHD risk factors and carotid IMT was not supported by ARIC data. Rather, we found that associations between carotid IMT and CHD risk factors remained stable with advancing age, contrary to the relationship between risk factors and CHD outcomes with age. These findings suggest that there is efficacy to continued risk factor management in the elderly.
Ruthenium ammine/crown ether interactions in solution: effects of modification of both guest and host on the strength of second-sphere complexation

Charge-transfer absorption, electrochemical, and NMR-NOE studies of monomeric and dimeric (ligand-bridged) ruthenium ammine guest interactions with several crown ether hosts show that second-sphere complexation is prevalent in nitromethane as solvent and that complexation or binding constants can be varied by ca. 10[sup 8]-fold by modifying both guest and host properties. For hosts, larger binding constants are obtained with larger macrocycles and with more flexible macrocycles (i.e. dicyclohexano vs dibenzo crowns). For guests, larger binding constants are observed in higher oxidation states and in the presence of strongly electron-withdrawing ancillary ligands. In all cases, binding appears to be driven primarily by ammine hydrogen/ether oxygen (Lewis acid/base) interactions. Evidence is also found, however, for contributions from favorable benzene(crown)/pyridine(complex) interactions and (apparently) benzene(crown) [yields] Ru(III) charge-transfer (donor/acceptor) interactions. 17 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.
Revisiting the role of web assurance seals in business-to-consumer electronic commerce

There is conflicting evidence as to the current level of awareness and impact of Web Assurance Seal Services (WASSs). This study examines the effects of an educational intervention designed to increase consumer's knowledge, of security and privacy aspect of business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce websites and assurance seal services. The study further explores the relationships among consumers' perceptions about online security, including WASSs awareness, importance of WASS, privacy concerns, security concerns, and information quality, before and after the educational intervention. The study finds that educating consumers about the security and privacy dangers of the web, as well as the role of web assurance seals, does increase their awareness and perceived importance of the seals. However, despite this increased awareness, there is little association between these assurance seals and the two indicators of trustworthiness, concerns about privacy and perceived information quality, of an e-commerce site, even after the intervention. Only security concerns have a statistically significant relationship with WASSs awareness before and after the educational intervention. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Low temperature magnetic hardness due to Co in CaCu5 type bulk materials

The coercive force at 4.2 K of bulk specimens YCo5−xNix and LaCo5−xNix increases from negligible values (of order Hc < 1 kOe) for x = 0 to values of Hc of 11 and 27 kOe for the Y and La analog compounds with x = 3. This indicates that a transition metal alone can be responsible for the phenomenon of strong low temperature magnetic hardness in bulk specimens formerly found in various systems with anisotropic and magnetic rare earths. The coercive force of SmCo2Ni3 is larger than 50 kOe at 4.2 K while the analogous compound on the basis of Tb does not show coercive forces begond 0.5 kOe. The origins of the phenomenon are discussed briefly.