cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MOUSE BRAIN TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE AND GLUTAMIC ACID DECARBOXYLASE FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE, VASOPRESSIN OR CORTICOSTERONE

The activities of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) from several mouse brain regions were assayed following repeated administration of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), lysine vasopressin (LVP) or corticosterone. Although similar treatments with ACTH have been shown to result in changes of catecholamine turnover and GABA content, no changes in the activity of either TH or GAD were observed in any brain region. Likewise LVP had no effect on either enzyme. Since the assays for TH were performed with concentrations of tyrosine and tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor below their respective Michaelis constants, this suggests that the changes of catecholamine turnover are not mediated by changes of TH activity. Twice daily corticosterone adrninistration for four days increased TH activity in the hypothalamus but not in any other brain region.
Gill net selectivity of yellow perch

Yellow perch Perca flavescens (Mitchill) are typically collected using multi-mesh gill nets; however, gear selectivity information for this species is sparse. Selectivity using experimental gill nets was determined for yellow perch using data collected from southern Lake Michigan from 2007 to 2012 using stretch mesh sizes of 12.5, 16, 20, 25, 32, 38, 46, 51, 64, and 76 mm. Female selectivity was best described by a model with a skewed (log-normal) distribution while males were best described by a normal distribution. When sex data were combined, the skewed (log-normal) distribution provided the best model. Differences in selectivity between sexes were minimal, but likely due to the variant size structure of the local population sampled, with females the larger sex. These findings suggest that bias in individual gill net selectivity can be used to target specific yellow perch size groups or to replace other gear types with unknown selectivity.
p53 Induces Apoptosis by Caspase Activation through Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Release

The p53 tumor suppressor gene is critically involved in cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, and programmed cell death. Several lines of evidence suggest that p53 death signals lead to caspase activation; however, the mechanism of caspase activation by p53 still is unclear. Expressing wild type p53 by means of an adenoviral expression vector, we were able to induce apoptotic cell death, as characterized by morphological changes, phosphatidylserine externalization, and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, in p53null Saos-2 cells. This cell death was accompanied by caspase activation as well as by cleavage of caspase substrates and was preceded by mitochondrial cytochrome c release. The addition of the broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone (zVAD-fmk) directly after transduction almost completely prevented p53-induced apoptotic cell death but did not inhibit mitochondrial cytochrome crelease. In contrast, N-acetylcysteine, even at high concentrations, could not prevent induction of programmed cell death by p53 expression. Cytosolic extracts from Saos-2 cells transduced with p53, but not from Saos-2 cells transduced with the empty adenoviral vector, contained a cytochrome c-releasing activityin vitro, which was still active in the presence of zVAD-fmk. When Bax was immunodepleted from the cytosolic extracts of p53-expressing cells before incubation with isolated mitochondria, thein vitro cytochrome c release was abolished. Thus, we could demonstrate in cells and in vitro that p53 activates the apoptotic machinery through induction of the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Furthermore, we provide in vitro evidence for the requirement of cytosolic Bax for this cytochromec-releasing activity of p53 in Saos-2 cells.
Incorporating Finance Into a Modified Subsector Framework: The Fertilizer Subsector in The Gambia

Abstract The subsector analytical framework as currently employed is usually limited to examining a subsector in a single market, product or input. The framework often excludes an explicit analysis of financial markets due to the assumptions that they function in a competitive environment or are considered less important than other features of the subsector. These assumptions are inappropriate in most developing countries where financial markets are imperfect and access to financial services is rationed. This paper proposes a modified subsector framework that incorporates the financial markets affecting a given subsector to more fully explain operational efficiency and market technology. The framework is used to study the fertilizer subsector in The Gambia.
Resting oxygen consumption in over- and underfed rats with lateral hypothalamic lesions.

Abstract Rats maintaining stable, reduced body weights following lateral hypothalamic (LH) lesions were given either ad lib amounts of a palatable liquid diet or restricted amounts of a hydrated chow diet. The palatable diet produced weight gains while the diet restriction led to weight reductions in both LH- and sham-lesioned rats. Body composition analysis indicated that these changes in body mass were accounted for largely by changes in carcass fat. Resting oxygen consumption (expressed relative to body weight raised to the 3 4 power) was altered by both dietary regimens. Resting oxygen consumption in sham-lesioned rats increased by 5% following overfeeding and decreased by 13% following food restriction. LH-lesioned rats made similar responses to these dietary challenges. Overfed LH-lesioned rats increased their rate of resting oxygen consumption by 11%. Underfed LH-lesioned rats decreased oxygen consumption by 11%. These findings provide further evidence that rats with LH lesions defend a reduced level of body weight. The changes in energy expenditure that mitigate weight change in sham-lesioned animals are also present in LH-lesioned rats. In the latter, however, these adjustments serve to stabilize body weight at a lower level.
Directing an Emergency Medicine Residency: The Problems and Their Potential Solutions

Objective: To characterize the problems facing emergency medicine residency directors (EMRDs), to describe potential solutions, and to associate perceptions with anticipated duration in the position of EMRD. Methods: A confidential questionnaire was mailed to the EMRDs at all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-approved programs. The survey included a problem and solution list constructed by a panel of EMRDs. The respondents were asked to rate problems using a Likert-like scale and were asked to indicate which of the listed solutions they had used and had found useful, or thought would be useful. Associations of these features and demographic variables with the intention to leave the position of EMRD within S years were sought. Results: Eighty-seven of 93 EMRDs (93.5%) completed the survey. Their mean age was 40 years; 50% had been EMRDs for <3 years. Most of the EMRDs (62%) had an associate EMRD, and 77% had at least one secretary. The EMRDs worked a median of 220 hours per month. Major problems included: insufficient time for the job (57%). career interfering with family needs (44%). and lack of adequate faculty help (38%). The most frequently cited and useful solutions included: attending education courses, self-reading on education and management techniques. and discussing problems with and seeking advice from others. Most (68%) of the EMRDs anticipated continuing as program director for ≤5 years. Neither age, gender, previous amount of time in the position, number of hours worked, nor nature of the problems faced on the job was a significant predictor of which of the EMRDs anticipated leaving. Conclusions: Half the responding EMRDs were <40 years of age. half had been EMRDs for ≤3 years, and 68% anticipated continuing in their position for ≤5 years. Major frustrations included lack of knowledge and time. Family and career conflicts were frequent. These problems are similar to those of program directors in other specialties. Some recommendations are made to assist EMRDs.
Soil Organic Matter and Tomato Yield following Tillage, Cover Cropping, and Nitrogen Fertilization

Management practices can influence soil C and N and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) yield. We examined the influence of tillage practices [no-till (NT), chisel plowing (CP), and moldboard plowing (MP)], cover crops [hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) vs. winter weeds], and N fertilization rates (0, 90, and 180 kg N ha -1 ) on soil organic C and N, potential C and N mineralization (PCM and PNM, respectively), inorganic N contents, and tomato yield and N uptake. A 3-yr experiment was conducted on a Dothan sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic, Plinthic Paleudults) in central Georgia. Soil organic C and N after 3 yr were greater in NT with vetch than in CP and MP with vetch or weeds at 0- to 20-cm depth. The PCM, PNM, and inorganic N were greater in MP than in NT and CP at 7.5 to 20 cm in May 1996 but were greater in NT and CP than in MP at 0 to 7.5 cm in April 1997. At 0 to 20 cm, PNM and inorganic N were also greater with vetch than with weeds in April 1996 and 1997 and with 180 than with 0 kg N ha -1 in May 1996 and August 1997. Tomato yield and N uptake were greater in CP and MP than in NT and with 90 and 180 kg N ha -1 than with 0 kg N ha -1 . Although NT with vetch can improve soil organic matter, CP can sustain tomato yield compared with MP, thereby reducing the potential for soil erosion. Hairy vetch can increase labile soil N pool and 90 compared with 180 kg N ha -1 can sustain tomato yield, thereby reducing the amount of N fertilizer and potential for N leaching.
The measurement of perceptual curiosity

Perceptual curiosity, as defined by Berlyne (1954), involves interest in and giving attention to novel perceptual stimulation, and motivates visual and sensory-inspection. A 33-item questionnaire constructed to assess individual differences in perceptual curiosity was administered to 320 undergraduate students (202 females; 118 males). The participants also responded to the trait scales of the State-Trait Personality Inventory (STPI), and to selected subscales of the Sensation Seeking (SSS) and Novelty Experiencing (NES) scales. Principal axis factor analyses of the perceptual curiosity (PC) items identified a strong PC factor. With oblique rotation, diversive and specific PC components were found, from which subscales were constructed. Moderate positive correlations of the PC scale and subscales were found with the NES and STPI measures of curiosity and the SSS and NES sensation seeking scales, suggesting that perceptual curiosity involves seeking both knowledge and sensory experience. Divergent validity of the PC scale was demonstrated by minimal relationships with the STPI trait anger scale, and essentially zero correlations with the STPI trait anxiety and depression scales.
Stages in the recognition of epidemic pellagra in the United States 1865-1960

Recognition of the U.S. pellagra ``epidemic99 in the early part of this century occurred in stages. The recognition process distorted impressions of magnitude, rate of spread, and virulence. Unrecognized cases: Endemic pellagra developed from dietary deficiencies after the Civil War. Initially, cases were misdiagnosed as other more traditional disorders. Tradition and authority inhibited recognition. Recognition of severe cases: Beginning in 1907, outbreaks were reported in asylums. Existing severe cases came rapidly to medical attention, inflating the apparent rate of spread. Recognized cases had a fulminant course and a high case fatality. Expanded spectrum: Milder cases were increasingly recognized, leading to an exaggerated rate of increase in number of cases and a decrease in case fatality and apparent virulence. Greater sensitivity resulted largely from a shift in diagnostic thresholds, with loss of specificity and increase in false positive diagnoses. Standardization of diagnosis: Although no suitable diagnostic marker test was developed, diagnosis was ultimately standardized by development of a workable case definition and by assessment of response to an effective therapy (nicotinic acid) applied to presumptive cases. NEUROLOGY 1996;47: 829-834
Interpersonal attraction as a function of attitude similarity dissimilarity and attitude extremity

This experiment tested the effects of attitude extremity on the functional relationship between level of attitude similarity and interpersonal attraction. It was predicted that persons exhibiting greater attitude extremity would be more attracted to a “bogus” stranger who expressed similar attitudes and less attracted to a stranger expressing dissimilar attitudes than Ss holding more neutral attitudes. The results showed a significant main effect of attitude similarity on attraction, but the hypothesized interaction with attitude extremity was not found to be significant. The data were discussed in the context of other findings in the area.
Multivariate temporal symptomatic characterization of cardiac arrest

We model the temporal symptomatic characteristics of 171 cardiac arrest patients in Intensive Care Units. The temporal and feature dependencies in the data are illustrated using a mixture of matrix normal distributions. We found that the cardiac arrest temporal signature is best summarized with six hours data prior to cardiac arrest events, and its statistical descriptions are significantly different from the measurements taken in the past two days. This matrix normal model can classify these patterns better than logistic regressions with lagged features.
Modeling and Analysis of Single-Plate Shear Connections under Column Loss

AbstractThis paper presents a computational assessment of the behavior of single-plate shear (shear tab) connections in gravity frames under column-loss scenarios. Two-span beam assemblies without floor slabs are considered under push-down loading of the unsupported center column. Both detailed and reduced modeling approaches are used in the computational assessment, and comparisons with experimental data are presented to establish confidence in the models. The models are used to investigate the influence of factors such as end support conditions, span length, connection strength, and postultimate connection behavior on the collapse resistance of gravity framing systems. Rotational capacities of single-plate shear connections under column-loss scenarios are, in some cases, less than half the values based on seismic test data, owing to the axial extension imposed on the connections in addition to rotation.
Identification of Species of Scenedesmus

AMONG the organisms frequently encountered in investigations of freshwater habitats are members of the genus Scenedesmus. Species are delimited on the basis of the size and shape of the cells, as well as position and number of spines, if present. Although Smith1 in his monograph of the genus shows some variation in these characters, one can, with some degree of confidence, identify species quite easily.
Do Homebuyers Want Green Features in Their Communities

Green communities are a new form of development, but their affect on consumer behavior has not been well-researched. In June 2006, a mail survey of new homeowners was conducted in two pairs of green and conventional master-planned communities in Florida to determine if there were differences in their green design preferences, perceptions of the term green and retention of green marketing initiatives. Homeowners in conventional communities, compared with homeowners in green communities, expressed similar interests in many green design features, and most did not have negative connotations with the term green. Sales points used for marketing in the green communities were somewhat absorbed by their new residents; still, marketing practices can be diversified. The results suggest that green design features are an important consideration for people buying homes in master-planned communities.
Effective Monkey Saddle Points and Berry and Lever Mechanisms in the Topomerization of SF4 and Related Tetracoordinated AX4 Species

The topomerization mechanisms of the SF4 and SCl2F2 sulfuranes, as well as their higher (SeF4, TeF4) and isoelectronic analogues PF4-, AsF4-, SbF4-, SbCl4-, ClF4+, BrF4+, BrCl2F2+, and IF4+), have been computed at B3LYP/6-31+G* and at B3LYP/6-311+G*. All species have trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) C2v ground states. In such four-coordinated molecules, Berry rotation exchanges both axial with two equatorial ligands simultaneously while the alternative “lever” mechanism exchanges only one axial ligand with one equatorial ligand. While the barrier for the lever exchange in SF4 (18.8 kcal mol-1) is much higher than that for the Berry process (8.1 kcal mol-1), both mechanisms are needed for complete ligand exchange. The FaxFax and FeqFeq isomers of SF2Cl2 have nearly the same energy and readily interconvert by BPR with a barrier of 7.6 kcal mol-1. The enantiomerization of the FaxFeq chiral isomer can occur by either the Berry process (transition state barrier 8.3 kcal mol-1) or the “lever” mechanism via either of ...
Controlling Fast Chaos in Delay Dynamical Systems

We introduce a novel approach for controlling fast chaos in time-delay dynamical systems and use it to control a chaotic photonic device with a characteristic time scale of approximately 12 ns. Our approach is a prescription for how to implement existing chaos-control algorithms in a way that exploits the system's inherent time delay and allows control even in the presence of substantial control-loop latency (the finite time it takes signals to propagate through the components in the controller). This research paves the way for applications exploiting fast control of chaos, such as chaos-based communication schemes and stabilizing the behavior of ultrafast lasers.
The role of cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways in cancer: targets for prevention and treatment

For more than four decades, the cyclic nucleotides cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) have been recognized as important signaling molecules within cells. Under normal physiological conditions, cyclic nucleotides regulate a myriad of biological processes such as cell growth and adhesion, energy homeostasis, neuronal signaling, and muscle relaxation. In addition, altered cyclic nucleotide signaling has been observed in a number of pathophysiological conditions, including cancer. While the distinct molecular alterations responsible for these effects vary depending on the specific cancer type, several studies have demonstrated that activation of cyclic nucleotide signaling through one of three mechanisms—induction of cyclic nucleotide synthesis, inhibition of cyclic nucleotide degradation, or activation of cyclic nucleotide receptors—is sufficient to inhibit proliferation and activate apoptosis in many types of cancer cells. These findings suggest that targeting cyclic nucleotide signaling can provide a strategy for the discovery of novel agents for the prevention and/or treatment of selected cancers.
Two-year-old twins refuse to eat: A multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment

This round table addresses the diagnosis and treatment of feeding disorders and failure to thrive. It describes a family-centered approach by a multidisciplinary feeding disorders team, beginning with the screening evaluation by the team coordinator at intake, through the evaluations by various team members, the team meeting with the parents, the development of a treatment plan, to a 1-year follow-up after treatment. Both twins refused to eat textured food and were found to have a posttraumatic feeding disorder secondary to repeated gagging and choking on cereal and lumpy baby food. However, only one twin was engaged in a battle with the parents over eating and developed infantile anorexia associated with failure to thrive. The differential diagnosis and the specific treatment plans of these two feeding disorders characterized by food refusal are discussed.
Histamine-elicted drinking in weanling and adult rats

A total of 260 male and female adult (60-70 days of age) and weanling (22-25 days of age) Sprague-Dawley derived rats were used in these experiments. Subcutaneous administration of histamine (HA) elicited drinking in a dose-dependent manner for both ages tested, although the threshold dose varied with age. A dose of 5.0 mg/kg HA elicited significant increases in water intake for adults, whereas for weanlings a dose of 20 mg/kg HA was necessary. Adult rats exhibited decreased latency to drink after all doses of HA tested, whereas for weanlings, decreased latency was evident only after doses of HA sufficient to elicit increases in water intake. Combined antagonism of H1 and H2 receptors for HA, using dexbrompheniramine and cimetidine, respectively, inhibited HA-elicited drinking in adults and weanlings. Further investigation of the ontogeny of histamine- and food-related drinking may provide a useful approach to examine the physiological mechanisms underlying fluid consumption in adult animals and as they are gradually elaborated during ontogeny.
The Impact of Domain Knowledge on Structured Data Collection and Templated Note Design

Objective: The objective of this case report is to evaluate the importance of specialized domain knowledge when designing and using structured templated notes in a clinical environment. Methods: To analyze the impact of specialization on structured note generation we compared notes generated for three scenarios: 1) We compared the templated history of present illness (HPI) for patients presenting with a dermatology concern to the dermatologist versus the emergency department. 2) We compared the evaluation of chest pain by ED physicians versus cardiologists. 3) Finally, we compared the data elements asked for in the evaluation of the gastrointestinal system between cardiologists and the liver transplant service (LTS). We used the SNOMED CT representation via BioPortal to evaluate specificity and grouping between data elements and specialized physician groups. Results: We found few similarities in structured data elements designed by and for the specific physician groups. The distinctness represented both differences in granularity as well as fundamental differences in data elements requested. When compared to ED physicians, dermatologists had different and more granular elements while cardiologists requested much more granular data. Comparing cardiologists and LTS, there were differences in the data elements requested. Conclusion: This case study supports the importance of domain knowledge in EHR design and implementation. That different specialities should want and use different information is well supported by cognitive science literature. Despite this, it is rare for domain knowledge to be considered in EHR implementation. Physicians with correct domain knowledge should be involved in the design process of templated notes.
Forage Yield and Digestibility of African Pearl Millet Landraces in Diallel with Missing Cross

Shortage of nutritious forage is limiting animal production in the semiarid regions of Africa. This study was conducted to evaluate the magnitude of heterosis for forage production and dry matter digestibility in African landraces of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Five landrace populations, 9 of 10 interpopulation crosses, and two hybrids were evaluated in a randomized complete-block design with five replications for dry matter forage yield and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) in 1989 and 1990 in Tifton, GA. Entries in only two replications were evaluated for digestibility. The missing cross was estimated, and both the traditional and Gardner-Eberhart analyses were performed. Highly significant difference between crosses (9.94 t ha -1 ) and parents (8.50 t ha -1 ), or average heterosis, as well as general combining ability was observed in the combined analyses for dry weight forage yield. No other partitions of entries for either trait were significant. Year x entries was significant for forage yield but not for IVDMD. All midparent and high-parent heterosis values were positive for forage yield but were nonsignificant. High-parent heterosis values ranged from 3.3 ('Iniari' x 'Mansori') to 22.9% (Iniari x 'P 3 Kolo') for dry matter forage yield. No heterosis was observed for IVDMD. Heterosis for forage yield did not affect IVDMD. These results suggest that use of pearl millet hybrids can contribute to increased forage production in semiarid Africa.
Incidence of ischemic stroke post-chemotherapy: a retrospective review of 10,963 patients.

Abstract Objective Vascular occlusion is not an uncommon event in malignancy. However, the frequency of ischemic stroke after chemotherapy has been mentioned only occasionally in clinical studies. A large-scale study is lacking. Methods A retrospective study was conducted at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, to analyze the incidence of ischemic stroke post-chemotherapy, further, to evaluate a possible causative relationship between the ischemic stroke and the chemotherapy regimen, the interval between the latest chemotherapy session and onset of ischemic stroke and the survival of patients with ischemic stroke post-chemotherapy. The data were retrieved from the Cancer Database from 1993 to 2004. Results During this period, a total of 10,963 patients, with malignancies were followed-up for 1 month after chemotherapy, underwent 45,294 chemotherapy sessions. Among this group, there were 15 patients experiencing 16 ischemic strokes within the first month after the latest chemotherapy. Among them, 14 patients were followed-up until death and one patient was lost in follow-up after discharge against medical advice. The incidence of post-chemotherapy ischemic stroke was 0.137% and the frequency of chemotherapy cycles complicated by ischemic stroke was 0.035%. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological type not only in ischemic stroke (40%) but also in overall patients (36.7%). The hemispheric stroke with middle cerebral artery territory involvement was the most common image finding. Platinum compounds, especially cisplatin, were the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents for ischemic stroke patients. Twelve (75%) of these 16 ischemic strokes occurred within 10 days of the latest chemotherapy session and 10 (62.5%) occurred after the first cycle of chemotherapy. The median survival after ischemic stroke was 4 weeks. Conclusion Our results provide valuable data on the relationship between malignancy, treated with chemotherapy, and ischemic stroke. The risk of ischemic stroke after chemotherapy is predicted by the use of cisplatin-based chemotherapy not cancer histologic type. Infarction usually involves the territorial subtype, causes obvious neurological disabilities and carries a grave prognosis.
Process control improvements realized in a vertical reactor cluster tool

Advance cell structures present in high-density memories and logic devices require high quality, ultra thin dielectric and conductor films. By controlling the interface properties of such films, remarkable process control enhancements of manufacturing proven, vertical LPCVD and oxidation processes are realized. To this end, an HF/H2O vapor etch reactor is integrated in a vacuum cluster tool comprising vertical reactors for the various LPCVD and oxidation processes. Data of process control improvement are provided for polysilicon emitters, polysilicon contacts, polysilicon gates, and NO capacitors. Finally, the cost of ownership of cluster tool use is compared with that of stand-along equipment.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Planar imaging of OH density distributions in a supersonic combustion tunnel

Images of absolute OH number density were obtained using planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) in a supersonic H2-air combustion tunnel. A tunable KrF excimer laser was used to excite the Q2(11) ro-vibronic line. Calibration of the PLIF images was obtained by referencing the signal measured in the flame to that obtained by the excitation of OH produced by thermal dissociation of H2O in an atmospheric furnace. Measurement errors due to uncertainty in internal furnace atmospheric conditions and image temperature correction are estimated.
Structural and dynamic properties of dicyclopenta-dienylhexacarbonyldimolybdenum in various solvents

Abstract The structural and dynamical properties of [(h5-C5H5)Mo(CO)3]2 have been studied by infrared and nmr spectroscopy in various solvents. The infrared results indicate that as solvent dielectric constant increases an increasing proportion of the molecules rearrange from the trans (C2h) rotamer to a gauche (C2) rotamer. The free energy (25), enthalpy and entropy changes for the gauche to trans rearrangement in acetone are: −0.57±0.33 Kcal/mole, 0.44±0.15 Kcal/mole, and 3.38±0.61 cal/mole-degree. The rate of trans-gauche interconversions as a function of temperature was determined by fitting of computer-simulated to measured nmr spectra. The Arrhenius parameters of activation are Ea = 15.3±1 Kcal/mole, Log A = 13.0±1. The substantial energy for interconversion of rotamers found here implies that barriers to rotation may play critical roles in cis-trans interconversion in other systems, such as [(h5C-5H5)Fe(CO)2]2. A modification of the previously suggested diagram of energy vs molecular configuration of [h5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2]2 is proposed.
Micro CT-Based Large Scale Finite Element Modeling of Compressive and Torsional Properties of Human Cortical Bone

Cortical bone tissue quality is imperative in maintaining the mechanical competence of whole bones, particularly at sites of overuse and age-related fragility fractures where a considerable cortical bone component is present. (Note that cortical bone tissue is more than 80% of the bone in the body [1].)Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Against Culture: Development, Politics, and Religion in Indian Alaska

Against Culture: Development, Politics, and Religion in Indian Alaska. Kirk Dombrowski. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2001. vii. 247 pp., illustrations, notes, references, index.
The regulation of B- and T-lymphocyte activation by the transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45

The expression of transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45 is required for antigen-induced activation of T and B lymphocytes. During the past year, advances have been made in our understanding of CD45 regulation and its role in regulating Src-family members. The importance of CD45 in thymocyte maturation has been demonstrated through the generation of CD45-knockout mice.
Cell Flow Cytometry of Fixed and Unfixed Bursal and Thymic Cells

Analysis in a cell flow cytometer (Ortho Spectrum III, Ortho Inst.) of single cell suspensions from the bursa and thymus of 20-day embryos revealed two distinct cell clusters. The two clusters were less apparent after fixation of the cells in paraformaldehyde and assumed a comet-like appearance at 30 min fixation in ethyl alcohol (EA). The G (postmitotic), S [deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis], and G2/M (premitotic and mitotic) phases of the life cycle were visualized in two cell flow cytometers (Ortho Spectrum III and FACS IV, Bectin Dickinson) after treating the cells with EA, ribonuclease (RNase), and propidium iodide (PI, a fluorescent dye). Bursal cell suspensions exposed to the EA-RNase-PI protocol and stored for 3 weeks in phosphate-buffered saline showed minor changes in the G1 coefficient of variation, G1, and S percentages, but marked changes in these parameters occurred after 6 weeks of storage. Thymic cells treated in a similar fashion could not be maintained for 3 weeks. Bursal and thymic cells may remain in the EA for one day and possibly as long as 7 days prior to preparing them for DNA life cycle analysis. Paraformaldehyde was not a satisfactory cell fixative for assessing a cell's DNA life cycle.
ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF HEART-BLOCK IN MAMMALS, WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE CAUSATION OF STOKES-ADAMS DISEASE.

The facts collected in the third part of this paper justify the following conclusions: (1) All of the cardinal symptoms of Stokes-Adams disease may be duplicated by heart-block resulting from a lesion in or near the auriculo-ventricular bundle of His, and by this alone. (2) No typical case of Stokes-Adams disease has been described in which heart-block might not have been the cause of the trouble. (3) It can be shown that all cases of Stokes-Adams disease which have been studied by sufficiently accurate methods were cases of heart-block. (4) It would appear that heart-block without and with syncopal attacks are two stages of the same disease process.
Preoperative evaluation of the right internal thoracic artery for coronary surgery

In general, the right internal thoracic artery (ITA) is used less frequently as a graft than the left ITA in coronary artery bypass grafting. To determine whether there is an anatomic or hemodynamic rationale for the underuse of the right ITA, noninvasive measurements of right and left ITAs were performed in 171 patients before the bypass procedure. Transthoracic visualization of both vessels was accomplished using a color-flow duplex scanner (5.0-MHz probe) through the third intercostal space. The diameter (in millimeters), peak systolic velocity (in centimeters per second), and end-diastolic velocity (in centimeters per second) were measured in all but 2 patients. The mean right ITA diameter was 2.7 +/- 0.6 mm, the mean peak systolic velocity was 100 +/- 29 cm/s, and the mean end-diastolic velocity was 6 +/- 5 cm/s. Diameter and flow velocity measurements for the right and left ITA were similar in all patients (p = not significant). The measured values for both sites were independent of age and sex, or the presence of hypertension or diabetes mellitus (p = not significant). We conclude that no morphologic or physiologic differences exist between the right and left ITAs. The findings from this study indicate that color-flow duplex ultrasound imaging is a safe and reliable noninvasive technique in the preoperative assessment of the anatomic and functional characteristics of the right ITA before coronary artery bypass grafting.
Preparation of Supported Mesoporous Silica Layers in a Continuous Flow Cell

Mesoporous silica films have been synthesized on borosilicate glass substrates under static conditions and continuous flow of the precursor surfactant−silicate mixture. Evidence for flow-induced or...
Building Secure Relationships: Attachment in Kin and Unrelated Foster Caregiver–Infant Relationships:

The attachment relationships of 46 infants with their kin and unrelated foster caregivers are reported in the results of this study. Secure attachment relationships were found in about equal percentages in kin and unrelated caregiver-infant dyads (67-68%), similar to the percentage of secure attachment relationships found in birth and adoptive caregiver-infant dyads in previous studies. Disorganized/disoriented attachment behaviors were observed in a greater percentage of kin and unrelated foster caregiver-infant dyads (25-29%) than previously observed in birth families. Infant characteristics, caregiver characteristics, and differences in the home environments that could explain the differences reported in the attachment relationships observed in kin and unrelated foster caregiver-infant dyads are discussed. Implications for future research and social work practice are discussed.
The incredible shrinking bug separation model

While working at Sandia Corporation some years ago, there was a need for a mathematical model that would give the minimum number of tests that would detect the presence of certain undesirable microbes or "bugs". We assume that there exists a number of tests that will react in certain ways to the presence of individual "bugs". Unfortunately, there exist bugs for which the tests will react in exactly the same way. Therefore we must find, not just the minimum set of tests that will determine if a bug is present or not, but rather the minimum set of tests such that we can separate and detect all the bugs that are present. To illustrate the problem, assume that we have five "bugs" that could be present on a piece of equipment. Say that we have six tests that either react or do not react in some way when certain bugs are present. Further we have the problem that some tests react with certain probability to the presence of certain bugs. If we arbitrarily establish a confidence limit on this probability, and the probability falls below this level we say that the reaction is "unknown". Therefore for six tests and five bugs we could have the reaction matrix (tij) shown below.
Singlet-oxygen generation at gas-liquid interfaces : a significant artifact in the measurement of singlet-oxygen yields from ozone-biomolecule reactions

Several ozone-biomolecule reactions have previously been shown to generate singlet oxygen in high yields. For some of these ozone-biomolecule reactions, we now show that the apparent singlet-oxygen yields determined from measurements of 1270 nm chemiluminescence were artifactually elevated by production of gas-phase singlet oxygen. The gas-phase singlet oxygen results from the reaction of gas-phase ozone with biomolecules near the surface of the solution. Through the use of a flow system that excludes air from the reaction chamber, accurate singlet-oxygen yields can be obtained. The revised singlet-oxygen yields (mol 1O2 per mol O3) for the reactions of ozone with cysteine, reduced glutathione, NADH, NADPH, human albumin, methionine, uric acid and oxidized glutathione are 0.23 +/- 0.02, 0.26 +/- 0.2, 0.48 +/- 0.04, 0.41 +/- 0.01, 0.53 +/- 0.06, 1.11 +/- 0.04, 0.73 +/- 0.05 and 0.75 +/- 0.01, respectively. These revised singlet-oxygen yields are still substantial.
Synthetic collagen heterotrimers: structural mimics of wild-type and mutant collagen type I.

Collagen type I is an AAB heterotrimer assembled from two α1 chains and one α2 chain. Missense mutations in either of these chains that substitute a glycine residue in the ubiquitous X-Y-Gly repeat with a bulky amino acid leads to osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) of varying severity. These mutations have been studied in the past using collagen-like peptide homotrimers as a model system. However, homotrimers, which by definition will contain glycine mutations in all the three chains, do not accurately mimic the mutations in their native form and result in an exaggerated effect on stability and folding. In this article, we report the design of a novel model system based upon collagen-like heterotrimers that can mimic the glycine mutations present in either the α1 or α2 chains of type I collagen. This design utilizes an electrostatic recognition motif in three chains that can force the interaction of any three peptides, including AAA (all same), AAB (two same and one different), or ABC (all different) triple hel...
Abstract 492: Hepatic oxidative stress activates the Gadd45b gene via degradation of the transcriptional repressor STAT3

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible beta (GADD45b) plays an important role in many intracellular events, such as cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, cell survival, apoptosis, and senescence. However, its mechanism of transcriptional regulation remains unclear. In this study the mechanism of proliferator-activated receptor a (PPARa) ligand induction of the Gadd45b gene in mouse liver was investigated. Gadd45b messenger RNA (mRNA) was markedly induced by the PPARa agonist, Wy-14,643, in wild-type mice but not in Ppara-null mice. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was found to be a repressor of the Gadd45b gene through binding to upstream regulatory elements. The role of STAT3 in control of Gadd45b was confirmed using liverspecific Stat3-null mice. Wy-14,643 treatment stimulated STAT3 ubiquitination leading to activation of the Gadd45b gene as a result of loss of Gadd45b repression by STAT3. STAT3 degradation was induced by forced overexpression of the PPARa target geneencoded enzyme ACOX1, which produces increased H2O2 as a byproduct of fatty acid b-oxidation. H2O2 also stimulated expression of Gadd45b in cultured cells. In conclusion, these studies revealed that PPARa indirectly induces the Gadd45b gene in liver through promoting degradation of the repressor STAT3 as a result of elevated oxidative stress. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Jung-Hwan Kim, Aijuan Qu, Janardan K. Reddy, Bin Gao, Frank J. Gonzalez. Hepatic oxidative stress activates the Gadd45b gene via degradation of the transcriptional repressor STAT3. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 492. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-492
Slot-vee antenna-coupled electro-optic modulator

We have demonstrated slot vee antenna-coupled electro-optic modulators at 24 GHz. The lost vee antenna design allows for a more robust microwave signal feed into the LiNbO3 chip, where the modulator itself acts as a slab waveguide for the microwave signal. The antenna-coupled design overcomes the velocity mismatch problems inherent in LiNbO3 traveling-wave electro-optic modulators.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Introduction of Percutaneous Arteriovenous Femoral Shunt: A New Access for Continuous Arteriovenous Hemofiltration

In most critically ill unstable patients, continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH) and continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration with dialysis (CAVHD) offer significant advantages over dialysis and ultrafiltration. Improvements in CAVH methodology have occurred since its introduction, but an ideal vascular access has yet to be designed. Scribner shunts may result in loss of a future access site, while femoral artery and vein catheterization render the patient immobilized. We have developed a percutaneous external arteriovenous femoral shunt to overcome this difficulty. The catheter consists of two single-lumen flexible polyurethane catheters with a subcutaneous Dacron cuff. A percutaneous Seldinger technique is used with a peel-away sheath to insert one catheter in the artery and one in the vein. To minimize infection and ensure durability, a 10-cm tunnel is created so that the exit of the catheters on the upper thigh is away from the groin. Like the Scribner shunt, a connecting tube is used between the catheters to maintain the patency when the shunt is not in use. Our experience with this technique is limited to seven treatments in seven patients (five CAVH, two CAVHD). Good blood flow (average, 80 mL/min), ultrafiltration rate (7 mL/min), and biochemical studies demonstrated the efficiency of the access. The average treatment was 10 days and patients were allowed to do moderate movement without resulting thrombosis or infection of the access. The major advantages of this new and efficient access for CAVH and CAVHD include simple introduction by a nephrologist, lack of potential serious complications, avoidance of sacrifice of major vessels, early ambulation and movement without compromising function, and a design for prolonged usage.
Seasonal and spatial distribution of Tinea fuscipunctella on poultry ranches

Populations of Tinea fuscipunctella Haworth larvae, breeding on coastal and inland poultry ranches in southern California, characteristically showed annual spring and early-summer peaks followed by two smaller mid- and late-summer surges. Larval distribution in hen manure was relatively uniform, although some larvae tended to concentrate near warmer areas of ranches during the spring. This species probably has increased in importance as a public health nuisance coincident with urbanization. No evidence exists to suggest a significant density rise or distributional extension over the past decade.
The zwitterion-accelerated [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of allyl vinyl sulfoxided to sulfines. A specific class of charge-accelerated rearrangement

Abstract Conversion of allyl vinyl gulf oxides 5 and 8 to γ, δ-unsaturated sul fines 6 and 9 , respectively, under neutral conditions shows that the accelerating effects of the charges in a zwitterionic moiety do not cancel, instead the sulfoxide functionality significantly facilitates the rearrangement.
Application of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Rotator Cuff Repair Model

BackgroundRotator cuff tendons heal to bone with interposed scar tissue, which makes repairs prone to failure. The purpose of this study was to determine if the application of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can improve rotator cuff healing after repair.HypothesisApplication of MSCs to the repair site will result in superior results compared with controls on histologic and biomechanical testing.Study DesignControlled laboratory study.MethodsNinety-eight Lewis rats underwent unilateral detachment and repair of the supraspinatus tendon; 10 rats were used for MSC harvest. Eight animals were used for cell tracking with Ad-LacZ. The remaining animals received either 106 MSCs in a fibrin carrier, the carrier alone, or nothing at the repair site. Animals were sacrificed at 2 and 4 weeks for histologic analysis to determine the amount of fibrocartilage formation and the collagen organization at the insertion. Biomechanical testing was also performed.ResultsSpecimens treated with Ad-LacZ–transduc...
Anglers' responses to bait certification regulations: the case of virus-free bait demand

The threat of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) to the sport fish of the Great Lakes region has caused the state of Michigan to regulate some types of fishing bait that could spread the disease. Given large-scale fish kills from VHS are uncertain and regulation costly, it is important to consider the knowledge level of anglers and their estimated benefits from these regulations. About 75% of anglers self-reported being at least somewhat familiar with VHS and VHS regulations, and agreeing that VHS is a serious threat to the health of Great Lakes’ fish populations. Demand for a popular baitfish susceptible to VHS, emerald shiners, was estimated using a contingent valuation method survey. The results suggest increased likelihood of purchase and mean willingness to pay point estimate premiums between 15% and 29% for certified bait. The inclusion of an educational piece on VHS and regulations in our survey did not lead to significant demand differences from those who did not receive the extra information. T...