cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Food on the Bioequivalence of Different Verapamil Sustained‐Release Formulations

Previously, clinical studies comparing generic and reference formulations of sustained-release (SR) verapamil tablets revealed significant increases in the PR interval in subjects given the generic formulation in the presence of food. To determine the mechanisms underlying these differences in pharmacodynamics, the present analyses examined the pharmacokinetics of these formulations in the presence and absence of food. After single or multiple doses in fasting subjects, AUCs, Cmaxs, and tmaxs were similar, suggesting that these formulations were bioequivalent in the fasted state. However, the generic formulation exhibited a higher AUC(0-6) in fed subjects, suggesting that this formulation may be absorbed more rapidly than the reference formulation when given with food. Analysis of AUC(0-6) showed that 34% of the subjects receiving the generic formulation exhibited rapid absorption, compared with only 8% receiving the reference formulation. Significant increases in the PR interval were seen in nine fed subjects receiving the generic formulation compared with two receiving the reference formulation. Similarly, three fed subjects receiving the generic drug who were rapid absorbers exhibited first-degree heart block, whereas this conduction disturbance was seen in only one fed subject receiving the reference formulation. Thus, increased conduction disturbances seen in subjects given the generic formulation with a meal likely reflect more rapid absorption of this formulation in the presence of food, resulting in an increase in the ratio of more potent to less potent enantiomers of verapamil in the systemic circulation.
Risk for onset of health conditions among community-living adults with spinal cord and traumatic brain injuries

This research describes the onset of 13 health conditions and death among 38 adults with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) and 149 adults with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) compared to adults without disabilities in the same primary care setting, using a retrospective cohort design. The subjects were accrued from an urban and a rural practice, both affiliated with a university family medicine department. Survival analyses, using Cox proportional hazard models, were used to model the onset of each of the health conditions. The results indicated adults with SCI had an increased risk for onset of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and depression. Individuals with TBIs had an increased risk for onset of anxiety, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dementia, depression, and seizures. Neither group had increased risk for asthma, cancer, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, or transient ischaemic attack. The only conditions with increased risk were those previously identified as secondary to traumatic injury. The other conditions including death did not have higher incidence among the study group, during 7–9 years of retrospective follow-up.
Evolution of Thyroid Function and Its Control in Lower Vertebrates

The hypothesis is discussed that the general endocrine function of thyroid hormone in lower vertebrates is concerned with growth, development, and reproduction. Examples are given of possible heightened thyroid function during segments of the life cycles of lamprey, Pacific salmon, some amphibians, and some reptiles. Studies of the occurrence of components of the thyroid system in vertebrate classes suggest that pituitary control of the thyroid through thyroid stimulating hormone may be absent in agnathans and present in gnathostomes. The hypothesis is discussed that regulation of thyroid endocrine function through control of hormone metabolism and target tissue sensitivity is a phylogenetically ancient mechanism.
Observation of chaos in a microwave limiter circuit

Chaotic behaviour has been observed in a microwave limiter circuit that consists of a shunt p-i-n diode cascaded with a 0.68-dB/MHz rolloff bandpass filter. The chaos manifests itself as a broad-band power spectral density of the output signal. The chaos appears and disappears as the incident power to the limiter circuit is increased, suggesting bifurcations and periodic windows in the chaotic region. Data are included that illustrate classic characteristics of chaos such as period doubling and broad-band spectra. >
Reusable, generic program analyses and transformations

The optimizations in modern compilers are constructed for a predetermined set of primitive types. As a result, programmers are unable to exploit optimizations for user-defined types where these optimizations would be correct and beneficial. Moreover, because the set of optimizations is also fixed, programmers are unable to incorporate new optimizations into the compiler. To address these limitations, we apply the reuse methodologies from generic programming to compiler analyses and optimizations. To enable compilers to apply optimizations to classes of types rather than particular types, we define optimizations in terms of generic interface descriptions (similar to C++ concepts or Haskell type classes). By extending these interface descriptions to include associated program analysis and transformation fragments, we enable compilers to incorporate user-defined transformations and analyses. Since these transformations are explicitly associated with interface descriptions, they can be applied in generic fashion by the compiler. We demonstrate that classical compiler optimizations, when generalized using this framework, can apply to a broad range of types, both built-in and user-defined. Finally, we present an initial implementation, the principles of which are generalizable to other compilers.
Learning Context-Specific Gene Regulatory Networks via In-Silico Conditioning

Cell adjusts its regulatory machinery in response to environmental changes to maintain its basic functionality. Different cellular conditions require different regulatory mechanisms that tightly regulate genes. Due to this tightly coordinated regulation, the expression of those genes should show consistent patterns within the same cellular contexts while such consistency disappears when corresponding context is disrupted. Based on previously developed statistics to identify genes whose expression pattern is significantly more consistent within a specific biologic context, we have developed an algorithm to identify novel cellular contexts and learn underlying context-specific gene regulatory networks.
A note on derivations of Murray-von Neumann algebras.

A Murray–von Neumann algebra is the algebra of operators affiliated with a finite von Neumann algebra. In this article, we first present a brief introduction to the theory of derivations of operator algebras from both the physical and mathematical points of view. We then describe our recent work on derivations of Murray–von Neumann algebras. We show that the “extended derivations” of a Murray–von Neumann algebra, those that map the associated finite von Neumann algebra into itself, are inner. In particular, we prove that the only derivation that maps a Murray–von Neumann algebra associated with a factor of type II1 into that factor is 0. Those results are extensions of Singer’s seminal result answering a question of Kaplansky, as applied to von Neumann algebras: The algebra may be noncommutative and may even contain unbounded elements.
Assessing the accuracy and consistency of language proficiency classification under competing measurement models

This article investigates how measurement models and statistical procedures can be applied to estimate the accuracy of proficiency classification in language testing. The paper starts with a concise introduction of four measurement models: the classical test theory (CTT) model, the dichotomous item response theory (IRT) model, the testlet response theory (TRT) model, and the polytomous item response theory (Poly-IRT) model. Following this, two classification procedures are presented: the Livingston and Lewis method for CTT and the Rudner method for the three IRT-based models. The utility of these models and procedures are then evaluated by examining the accuracy of classifying 5000 language test takers from a large-scale language certification examination into two proficiency categories.The most important finding is that the testlet format (multiple questions based on one prompt), which language tests usually rely on, has a great impact on the proficiency classification. All testlets in this study show a ...
Design of clock recovery MMIC using large-signal computer-aided analysis

Next generation of Gb/s local area distribution networks employed as optical interconnects are designed using OEIC technology for low power consumption, high reliability, and low cost. A hybrid optoelectronic integrated circuit (OEIC) integrated with MMIC circuits is described in this paper as a first step toward full monolithic integration. Si MMIC foundry services from Bipolarics was selected to design an optical receiver with an injection locked phase lock loop (ILPLL) clock recovery circuit at 1.25 Gb/s. The simulation has indicated that the input noise equivalent voltage density of the receiver is lower than 0.6 nV//spl radic/Hz for frequency up to 1 GHz. The simulated minimum received optical power to extract the clock signal is -30 dBm. The output clock signal of this clock recovery circuit is about 400 mV/sub p-p/. Simulated power consumption is 630 mW for the optical receiver and the ILPLL clock recovery circuit. >
Selecting information in electronic health records for knowledge acquisition

Knowledge acquisition of relations between biomedical entities is critical for many automated biomedical applications, including pharmacovigilance and decision support. Automated acquisition of statistical associations from biomedical and clinical documents has shown some promise. However, acquisition of clinically meaningful relations (i.e. specific associations) remains challenging because textual information is noisy and co-occurrence does not typically determine specific relations. In this work, we focus on acquisition of two types of relations from clinical reports: disease-manifestation related symptom (MRS) and drug-adverse drug event (ADE), and explore the use of filtering by sections of the reports to improve performance. Evaluation indicated that applying the filters improved recall (disease-MRS: from 0.85 to 0.90; drug-ADE: from 0.43 to 0.75) and precision (disease-MRS: from 0.82 to 0.92; drug-ADE: from 0.16 to 0.31). This preliminary study demonstrates that selecting information in narrative electronic reports based on the sections improves the detection of disease-MRS and drug-ADE types of relations. Further investigation of complementary methods, such as more sophisticated statistical methods, more complex temporal models and use of information from other knowledge sources, is needed.
Have the cake and eat it too - infusing usability into text-password based authentication systems

Text-password based authentication schemes are a popular means of authenticating users in computer systems. Standard security practices that were intended to make passwords more difficult to crack, such as requiring users to have passwords that "look random" (high entropy), have made password systems less usable and paradoxically, less secure. In this work, we address the need for enhancing the usability of existing text-password systems without necessitating any modifications to the existing password authentication infrastructure. We propose, develop and evaluate a system that automatically generates memorable mnemonics for a given password based on a text-corpus. Initial experimental results suggest that automatic mnemonic generation is a promising technique for making text-password systems more usable. Our system was able to generate mnemonics for 80.5% of six-character passwords and 62.7% of seven-character passwords containing lower-case characters (a-z), even when the text-corpus size is extremely small (1000 sentences)
Mechanisms of chronic pain

Chronic pain differs from acute pain in that it serves no useful function, causes suffering, limits activities of daily living, and increases costs of healthcare payments, disability, and litigation fees. Pain perception begins with activation of peripheral nociceptors and conduction through myelinated A delta and unmyelinated C fibers to the dorsal root ganglion. From here, signals travel via the spinothalamic tract to the thalamus and the somatosensory cortex. Modulation of sensory input (i.e., pain) occurs at many levels. Nociceptors are also neuroeffectors, and transmission can be modulated by their cell bodies, which secrete inflammatory mediators, neuropeptides, or other pain-producing substances. Descending pathways from the hypothalamus, which has opioid-sensitive receptors and is stimulated by arousal and emotional stress, can transmit signals to the dorsal horn that modulate ascending nociceptive transmissions. Modulation to alter the perception of pain also can occur at higher centers (e.g., frontal cortex, midbrain, medulla) by opioids, anti-inflammatory agents, as well as antagonists and agonists of neurotransmitters. This article will review our current knowledge of the mechanisms involved in (1) the transduction of tissue injury or disease signals (nociception and nociceptive receptors); (2) the transmission of signals rostrally to the thalamus and higher nervous system centers (involving perception of the quality, location, and intensity of noxious signals); and (3) the modulation of ascending sensory messages at all levels (periphery, spinal cord, and higher centers).
Landscape-Scale Prediction of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Homoptera: Adelgidae), Infestation in the Southern Appalachian Mountains

After causing substantial mortality in the northeastern and mid-Atlantic United States, the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Homoptera: Adelgidae), has recently invaded the southern Appalachian region. Although general estimates of regional spread exist, the landscape- level dynamics of A. tsugae invasion are poorly understoodNparticularly factors predicting where the pest is likely to Þrst infest a landscape. We examined Þrst-year infestation locations from Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the Blue Ridge Parkway to identify possible factors. For 84 infested and 67 uninfested sites, we calculated values for a suite of variables using a geographic information system. After identifying signiÞcant variables, we applied four statistical techniquesN discriminant analysis, k-nearest neighbor analysis, logistic regression, and decision treesNto derive classiÞcation functions separating the infested and uninfested groups. We used the resulting functions to generate maps of A. tsugae infestation risk in the Great Smoky Mountains. Three proximity variables (distance to the closest stream, trail, and road) appeared in all four classiÞcation functions, which performed well in terms of error rate. Discriminant analysis was the most accurate and efÞcient technique, but logistic regression best balanced accuracy, efÞciency, and ease of use. Our results suggest that roads, major trails, and riparian corridors provide connectivity enabling long-distance dispersal of A. tsugae, probably by humans or birds. The derived classiÞcation functions can yield A. tsugae infestation risk maps for elsewhere in the southern Appalachian region, allowing forest managers to better target control efforts.
Accelerated atherosclerosis and elevated lipoprotein (a) after liver transplantation

Cumulative evidence suggests that lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] exerts an independent effect on the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The genetically mediated expression of apolipoprotein(a), which is the key structural and functional component of Lp(a), occurs in hepatocytes with subsequent extracellular Lp(a) assembly at the hepatic cell surface. Here, we describe a case of elevated Lp(a) concentrations identified after (and likely acquired by) orthotopic liver transplantation that contributed to accelerated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease despite intensive therapeutic interventions. This case study represents an important example to include Lp(a) screening in routine lipid panel testing for all liver transplant donors and recipients; to reduce unanticipated and debilitating cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Effects of vitamin D and cortisone on intestinal absorption of calcium in the rat.

SummaryUsing an in vitro gut sac technic, active transport of calcium through the intestinal wall of the rat has been demonstrated. In the presence of physiologic amounts of Vit. D, active calcium transport is confined to the upper portion of the small intestine. In this area, large amounts of Vit. D increase, and cortisone decreases, calcium transport. In the jejunal and ileal areas, active transport occurs only when large amounts of Vit. D are present, and this transport is not reduced by cortisone.
Wearable and implantable antennasin body-centric communications

Wearable and implantable antennas will compliment conventional antennas in space exploration, military, medical and commercial applications. In this invited presentation, the attention is focused on both wearable and implantable antennas within the newly emerging body-centric communications paradigm. (5 pages)
The makerspace experience and teacher professional development

This study explored the use of makerspaces as a professional development activity when examined through the analysis of qualitative data reflecting participant experience. The data were gathered in the course of a professional development opportunity at a university during a conference held on campus. The researchers wanted to select an innovative form of professional development for implementation within a traditional conference format. Both to match innovation and to accommodate a traditional time frame (one hour), the concept of makerspace was chosen. Multiple makerspace sessions were developed as professional development opportunities. The participant, practicing teachers would be experiencing the makerspace as if they were students. The research team wanted to explore the experiences and perceptions of the participants from multiple perspectives, including those who participated as learners and those who participated as facilitators, or leaders as termed in this article. A phenomenological approach w...
General situation of epidemiology of Tsutsugamushi disease of autumn-winter type in China

Before 1986,tsutsugamushi disease was known only prevalent in south to Zhejiang Province in our country,belonged to the summer type. Rattus losea,R. tanezumi and Niviventer confucianus were regarded as the main animal hosts and Leptotrombidium deliense was regarded as the main vector. In 1986,epidemic of tsutsugamushi disease was found in Jiangsu and Shandong Provinces,belonged to the autumn-winter type. Till now,this disease had been reported in Tianjin,Shanxi,Hebei,Henan,Auhui and Beijing. There were a few cases in Jilin,Liaoning and Heilongjiang. Apodemus agrarius,N. confucianus,R. norvegicus,Tscherskia triton and A. peninsulae were regarded as the main animal hosts,L. scutellare was regarded as the main vector. L. apodemi and L. orientale were regarded as the suspicious vector.
Relationship between Quality Traits of Soft Red Winter Wheat and Cookie Diameter

Fifty-seven soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes including two cultivars released in Jiangsu Province and 55 advanced lines were subjected to quality tests of sixteen parameters,such as solvent retention capacity (SRC) and RVA viscosity parameters. The results showed that there were great variations among wheat genotypes for quality traits and cookie diameter. Significant correlations were observed between cookie diameter and 1000-kernel weight (r = -0.3910,P 0.01),flour yield (r = 0.5548,P 0.01),flour protein (r = -0.3032,P 0.05),flour particle size (r = -0.5667,P 0.01),water SRC (r = -0.8579,P 0.01),carbonate SRC (r = -0.8643,P 0.01),lactic acid SRC (r = -0.6120,P 0.01),sucrose SRC (r = -0.7566,P 0.01),breakdown (r = 0.4337,P 0.01),peak time (r = -0.2702,P 0.05),and pasting temperature (r = -0.6158,P 0.01). According to the cluster analysis,the 57 genotypes were classified into three groups and several subgroups. The cookie diameter of the three groups was 16.75,15.14,and 18.45 cm. A total of nine lines were screened out with higher cookie diameter than Ningmai 9. These lines are recommended in soft wheat breeding program.
Analysis and Improvement in Technical Factors of Affecting the Accuracy of the HHT Method for Identification of the Low Frequency Oscillation Mode Parameters

Based an in-depth analysis of some technical problems affecting the identification accuracy of the Hilbert-Huang Transform(HHT) method such as endpoint extension,envelope interpolation,mode mixing and damping losses,this paper proposes the mixed endpoint extension method,the B spline interpolation method,the multi-resolution wavelet analysis and the energy factor sifting control method respectively to improve the accuracy of identification of low frequency oscillation mode parameters.Finally,through the testing and analysis of simulation cases,it is verified that the proposed improved technologies have high feasibility and effectiveness.
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in liver transplant patients

The optimal treatment strategy for patients with symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) and end-stage liver disease (ESLD) is not well defined. Although medical management is the accepted first line treatment, patients who are unresponsive to medication require further interventions. Since ESLD patients have a high operative risk for surgical myomectomy, alcohol septal ablation (ASA) emerges as a good alternative in these cases. The timing of ASA in relation to liver transplantation is still unclear. We report here on the first case of an orthotopic liver transplant-recipient undergoing ASA and the second of a cirrhotic patient requiring ASA as a bridge to liver transplantation. Both patients had a good clinical outcome and we argue that ASA in HOCM patients should be driven by symptom onset, and that in the asymptomatic patient it can be safely deferred until after liver transplantation.
Adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer.

There are a number of important issues regarding neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer that must be considered as we design clinical trials in an effort to improve survival for this disease.
Evaluating the Potential of Marginal Land for Cellulosic Feedstock Production and Carbon Sequestration in the United States.

Land availability for growing feedstocks at scale is a crucial concern for the bioenergy industry. Feedstock production on land not well-suited to growing conventional crops, or marginal land, is often promoted as ideal, although there is a poor understanding of the qualities, quantity, and distribution of marginal lands in the United States. We examine the spatial distribution of land complying with several key marginal land definitions at the United States county, agro-ecological zone, and national scales, and compare the ability of both marginal land and land cover data sets to identify regions for feedstock production. We conclude that very few land parcels comply with multiple definitions of marginal land. Furthermore, to examine possible carbon-flow implications of feedstock production on land that could be considered marginal per multiple definitions, we model soil carbon changes upon transitions from marginal cropland, grassland, and cropland–pastureland to switchgrass production for three margina...
Determinants of feeding practice among young children in a periurban area of Tirana, Albania

Background Inappropriate feeding practice increases risk of under nutrition, illness, and mortality among children less than 2 years of age. The study aims to assess how the socio demographic determinants affect the feeding practice (introduction of complementary food in age 6-8 months, minimum dietary diversity and intake of foods rich in iron) among young children aged 6–23 months in a periurban area of Tirana, Albania. Methods A community based cross sectional study was conducted, in …
Inductive constructivism and national identities: letting the data speak

The literature on nationalism has provided conceptual definitions of national identity that supposedly delineate its underlying empirical manifestations. A binary conceptualization (civic versus ethnic) is widely used by scholars. There are confusion and ambiguity in the definition, however, as well as sense that the prevailing schema does not adequately capture the fluidity and complexity of the phenomenon. We posit that abstract conceptual definitions do not validly capture the way individuals actually experience identification with their nations. Using a methodology that models the distribution of responses to survey questionnaires – latent class analysis – we demonstrate that individuals cluster in two different groups in the way they identify with their nations: nationalists are strongly attached to the nation and more exacting in their criteria for membership, while cosmopolitans display lower identification with the nation and are more inclusive in their desired criteria of membership. These classes are to some degree fluid across indicators and nations. Broadly speaking, however, the configurations are comparable cross-nationally.
Abstract 476: MicroRNA mediated regulation of ATF5 contributes to homeostasis and benign to malignant transformation in breast cancer cells

The transcription factor ATF5 modulates survival, proliferation, differentiation, and homeostasis. In unstressed conditions, ATF5 has a short half-life and is rapidly degraded due to post-translational modifications. Conversely, ATF5 is upregulated in cells under cellular stress. Furthermore, we have found that ATF5 is elevated and is a survival factor in transformed C6 glioma and MCF7 breast cancer compared to non-transformed cells. Regulation of ATF5 expression is not fully understood. We hypothesized that microRNA (miRNA) play a role in regulating the expression of ATF5 at the 3’ UTR and sought to better understand the role of ATF5 in the transformation to a malignant cell phenotype. To date, no studies have examined the regulation of ATF5 by miRNA. MiRNAs are endogenous small non-coding RNAs 20-25 nucleotides in length that contribute to regulation of gene expression at the translational level. We used in silico modeling programs to identify miRNAs predicted to bind to the 3’ UTR of ATF5. We then aimed to identify the presence of specific miRNA and their ability to downregulate ATF5 during cellular stress and other physiological conditions in vitro. Luciferase reporter assays and immunoprecipitations of ATF5 3’ UTR mRNA and cell lysate were performed and microRNA quantity analyzed via qPCR analysis. Subsequently, transfections of precursor microRNA were carried out in human MCF10A breast epithelial, MCF7 mammary epithelial, and breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cell lines, and expression levels of ATF5 were measured under varying physiological conditions via Western Blot analysis. In vitro migration and invasion assays were performed and transformation was studied via MCF10A mammary epithelial cells with inducible SRC. We demonstrate that miRNA are bound to the 3’ UTR of ATF5 and that miRNAs 433-3p and 520b help to regulate the expression of ATF5 under varying stress conditions and at steady state in MCF10A, MCF7, and MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, preliminary data indicate that ATF5 is upregulated during transformation of MCF10A cells with inducible SRC and is overexpressed in MDA-MB-231 cells as compared to MCF7 and MCF10A cell lines, and suggest that ATF5 may enhance migration and invasion. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of ATF5 in transformation, migration, and invasion. Better understanding of the regulation of ATF5 could have implications in a broad range of human malignancies. Citation Format: Kari Ann Gaither, Bhanupriya Madarampalli, David X. Liu. MicroRNA mediated regulation of ATF5 contributes to homeostasis and benign to malignant transformation in breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 476. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-476
Concomitant carotid aplasia and basilar artery occlusion in a child with PHACES syndrome

We report a case of an 8-year-old girl with posterior fossa abnormalities, haemangioma, arterial lesions, cardiac abnormalities or coarctation of the aorta and eye abnormalities syndrome with right carotid aplasia and complete basilar occlusion. The patient initially presented at 2.5 weeks of age with a growing right facial haemangioma involving segments 1, 3 and 4. Initial MRI at 2.5 weeks of age revealed an extraconal right orbital haemangioma without posterior fossa abnormalities and MR angiography (MRA) 3 weeks later showed right internal carotid aplasia. A follow-up MRA and cerebral angiography at 8 years of age revealed a complete occlusion of the basilar artery that was not appreciated on previous imaging. Neurological function remains normal, meeting all age-appropriate milestones.
Caring as a Facilitator of Sensitive Research Studies with Immigrant Latino Families

Although caring is a fundamental concept in nursing, it is underutilized in our research with underserved populations and communities. Disch's definition of patient-centered care was adapted to define the elements of caring in research work with underserved communities. The study's purpose was to demonstrate how to conceptualize and operationalize caring in the research process. Demonstrating caring in our attitudes and actions is essential to the success of our research work. The proposed research process aids in applying caring into our engagement with community stakeholders and recruitment of minority participants, whether we conduct community-based participatory research or clinical trials.
Flow-boiling canopy wick for extreme heat transfer

Abstract The maximum theoretical boiling heat transfer rate q max is set by interface unidirectional thermal vapor flux, and quest continues for achieving a high fraction of it under saturated liquid flow. We introduce the flow-boiling canopy wick (FBCW) employing film (meniscus) evaporation and perforated screenlayer separating the liquid stream from the underlying vapor space. The vapor vents continuously through periodic perforations, in contrast to plain surface which becomes completely covered by vapor at high heat flux. The FBCW allows streamwise liquid tracks on the screenlayer between perforations providing capillary liquid flow toward heated surface and evaporation on high-effective-conductivity monolayer wick. Under extreme heat flux, various hydrodynamic limits prevent liquid supply and vapor removal, i.e., the capillary-viscous, wick superheat, perforation pressure drop and chocking and liquid-vapor stability limits. The liquid and vapor inertiae control the streamwise continuous liquid track (with isolated and/or merged vapor track) and for saturated water at 1 atm CFD and wick pressure drop predict heat flux up to 0.1 q max = 20 MW/m2, an order-of-magnitude larger than the nucleate flow-boiling limit. The concept of replacing the chaotic nucleated bubbles with the structured, continuous vapor venting in the periodic FBCW transforms boiling heat transfer and its upper limit.
The Night of and the Mourning After: Truth and Transference in the Election of Donald Trump:

The writer presents an autoethnographic account of the night of the 2016 presidential election and the days and months that followed. Tormented by the prospect of Donald Trump’s election, he expres...
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel N-1 fluoroquinolone derivatives: Probing for binding contact with the active site tyrosine of gyrase.

Abstract Structural studies of topoisomerase-fluoroquinolone-DNA ternary complexes revealed a cavity between the quinolone N-1 position and the active site tyrosine. Fluoroquinolone derivatives having positively charged or aromatic moieties extended from the N-1 position were designed to probe for binding contacts with the phosphotyrosine residue in ternary complex. While alkylamine, alkylphthalimide, and alkylphenyl groups introduced at the N-1 position afforded derivatives that maintained modest inhibition of the supercoiling activity of DNA gyrase, none retained ability to poison DNA gyrase. Thus, the addition of a large and/or long moiety at the N-1 position disrupts ternary complex formation, and retained ability to inhibit supercoiling is likely through interference with the strand breakage reaction. Two derivatives were found to possess inhibitory effects on the decatenation activity of human topoisomerase II.
Parametric Investigation of Combustion and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Oscillating Linear Engine Alternator

An Oscillating Linear Engine Alternator (OLEA) has the potential to overcome the thermal, mechanical, and combustion inadequacies encountered by the conventional slider-crank engines. The linear engines convert the reciprocating piston motion into electricity, thereby eliminating needless crankshaft linkages and rotational motion. As the dead center positions are not explicitly identified unlike crankshaft engines, the linear engine exhibits different stroke and compression ratio every cycle and should manage the unfavorable events like misfire, rapid load changes, and overfueling without the energy storage of a flywheel. Further, the apparatus control and management strategy is difficult for OLEA when compared to conventional engines and depends on the combustion event influencing the translator dynamics. In this research paper, the MATLAB®/Simulink numerical model of a single cylinder, mechanical spring assisted, 2-stroke natural gas fueled, spark-ignited OLEA was investigated to enhance the perception of the coupled system. The effect of combustion and heat transfer characteristics on translator dynamics and performance of OLEA were analyzed by using Wiebe form factors, combustion duration, and heat transfer correlations. Variation in the Wiebe form factors revealed interesting insights into the translator dynamics and in-cylinder thermodynamics of a coupled system. High translator velocity, acceleration, and higher heat transfer rate were favored by low combustion duration.
Pain Management in Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome – Pharmacologic Strategies

The diagnosis and management of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is challenging and controversial. The symptoms seen in TOS patients depend on which structures are affected in the thoracic outlet. The most common form of TOS is the neurogenic TOS (NTOS), which frequently can cause neuropathic pain (NP). Treatment strategies for NTOS patients include minimally invasive therapies, muscle relaxants, anti-inflammatories and analgesics, trigger point injections or surgery. Treatment for NP will also include medications that target peripheral and central nerves or different cytokines affecting the sensitivity of sensory neurons to painful stimuli. The pharmacological treatment is challenging and patients often need to be treated with more than just one medication. Antidepressants, ­alpha-2-delta calcium-channel ligands, and topical lidocaine are considered as first-line treatments for NP in recent evidence-based recommendations. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) are established to be efficacious for several different types of NP and the antidepressant effect may be beneficial, because depression is a common concomitant disease in patients with chronic pain. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are better tolerated than TCA’s, they are superior to placebo, but show only a weak ­analgetic effect. Anticonvulsants are a further important group. Carbamazepine, a sodium-channel blocker, has shown efficacy in the treatment of some forms of NP. Gabapentin is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). The pain relieving effects of pregabalin have been demonstrated in ­randomized controlled trials. Lidocaine patches are used as supplemental therapy. The benefits of opioids have been proven in RCT’s in central and peripheral NP. Pharmacological treatment of NP associated with TOS is challenging. Combination therapy appears useful and pain relief in NP patients is often achieved at the expense of unwanted systemic side effects. Clinical trials looking at pharmacological treatment of NP in patients with NTOS are lacking.
Induction of Cellular Senescence: Role of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Interacting Kinase 1

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) family members are the most abundant components of messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes (mRNPs) and play regulatory roles in a variety of biogenesis of mRNA. hnRNP A1 is a member of the hnRNP A/B subfamily, is highly abundant, and is involved in pre-mRNA and mRNA metabolism such as alternative splicing, mRNA export, splice site selection, mRNA turnover, and translation. Recent studies have shown that stress stimuli such as osmotic shock or UVC irradiation induce cytoplasmic accumulation of hnRNP A1. The cytoplasmic accumulation is concomitant with an increase in its phosphorylation and that requires p38 MAPK. We have previously demonstrated that hnRNP A1 protein shows diminished expression level and altered subcellular distribution in senescent HS74 fibroblasts. In this study, we observed that phosphorylated hnRNP A1 protein levels decreased as a result of MNK1 inhibition and that reciprocal binding occurs between hnRNP A1 and MNK1. These data implicate MNK1 as the kinase in the p38 MAPK pathway that activates hnRNP A1 in IMR-90 fibroblasts. Furthermore, we demonstrate that inhibition of MNK1 activity modulates the phosphorylation and subcellular distribution of hnRNP A1 protein. These results suggest a role for MNK1 in the regulation of hnRNP A1 in senescent cells. This is the first report, to our knowledge, that shows a link between MNK1 and cellular senescence.
Hydrodynamic properties of monomeric cytochromes P-450LM2 and P-450LM4 in n-octylglucoside solution.

Abstract Sedimentation equilibrium and sedimentation velocity measurements were carried out on cytochrome P-450LM2 from phenobarbital-treated rabbit liver and on cytochrome P-450LM4 from 5,6-benzoflavone-treated rabbit liver in the presence of the nonionic detergent 1-O- n - octyl -β- D - glucopyranoside . P-450LM2 was monomeric with a molecular weight of 48,800 and a Stokes radius of 3.1 nm in 7 g/l detergent and P-450LM4 was monomeric with a molecular weight of 49,800 and a Stokes radius of 2.6 nm at 5 g/l detergent. Both particles were spherical in shape under these conditions. Neither cytochrome was irreversibly denatured at these detergent concentrations as indicated by the ability to form substantial amounts (>60%) of the CO adduct with an absorption maximum at 451 nm (P-450LM2) or 448 nm (P-450LM4) when diluted into detergent-free buffer containing CO and sodium dithionite.
Revised Cardiac Risk Index as a Predictor for Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Arrest Following Posterior Lumbar Decompression.

Study Design.A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.Objective.The aim of this study was to determine the ability of Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) to predict adverse cardiac events following posterior lumbar decompression (PLD).Summary of Background Data.PLD is an increasingly c
Phonotactic restrictions and morphology in Aymara

Nonlocal phonological interactions are often sensitive to morphological domains. Bolivian Aymara restricts the cooccurrence of plain, ejective, and aspirated stops within, but not across, morphemes. We document these restrictions in a morphologically parsed corpus of Aymara. We further present two experiments with native Aymara speakers. In the first experiment, speakers are asked to repeat nonce words that should be interpreted as monomorphemic. Speakers are more accurate at repeating nonce words that respect the nonlocal phonotactic restrictions than nonce words that violate them. In a second experiment, some nonce words are interpetable as morphologically complex, while others suggest a monomorphemic parse. Speakers show a sensitivity to this difference, and repeat the words more accurately when they can be interpreted as having a morpheme boundary between two consonants that tend to not cooccur inside a morpheme. Finally, we develop a computational model that induces nonlocal representations from the baseline grammar. The model posits projections when it notices that certain segments often cooccur when separated by a morpheme boundary. The model generates a full Maximum Entropy phonotactic grammar, which makes distinctions between attested and rare/unattested sequences in a way that aligns with the speaker behavior.
Smoking As a Risk Factor for Postcraniotomy 30-Day Mortality.

Background There is limited information on the impact of smoking on postcraniotomy mortality. In this study we used the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) to examine this issue. Methods We identified 16,280 postcraniotomy patients in the ACS-NSQIP database. Indications for surgery were categorized by vascular, trauma, epilepsy, malignant tumor, and benign tumor. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors associated with mortality. Results In the ACS-NSQIP dataset, postcraniotomy mortality within 30 days of surgery was 5.03%. An area under the curve analysis indicated 30 pack-years as the optimal discriminating threshold for risk stratification in terms of 30-day postcraniotomy mortality. Using this threshold, multivariate analyses revealed 3 variables that were closely associated with 30-day post-craniotomy mortality: male gender (P = 0.002), indication for operation (P Conclusions This study identified ≥30 pack-years as a risk factor for male patients undergoing craniotomy as treatment for neurovascular diseases.
A 4-Yr Survey of the Range of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens in the Lehigh Valley Region of Eastern Pennsylvania

Questing ticks were surveyed by dragging in forested habitats within the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania for four consecutive summers (2015–2018). A high level of inter-annual variation was found in the density of blacklegged tick nymphs, Ixodes scapularis Say, with a high density of host-seeking nymphs (DON) in summer 2015 and 2017 and a relatively low DON in summer 2016 and 2018. Very few American dog ticks (Dermacentor variabilis Say) and Ixodes cookei Packard were collected. Lone star ticks (Amblyomma americanum L.) and longhorned ticks (Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann) were not represented among the 6,398 ticks collected. For tick-borne pathogen surveillance, DNA samples from 1,721 I. scapularis nymphs were prepared from specimens collected in summers 2015–2017 and screened using qPCR, high resolution melting analysis, and DNA sequencing when necessary. The overall 3-yr nymphal infection prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi was 24.8%, Borrelia miyamotoi was 0.3%, Anaplasma phagocytophilum variant-ha was 0.8%, and Babesia microti was 2.8%. Prevalence of coinfection with B. burgdorferi and B. microti as well as B. burgdorferi and A. phagocytophilum variant-ha were significantly higher than would be expected by independent infection. B. burgdorferi nymphal infection prevalence is similar to what other studies have found in the Hudson Valley region of New York, but levels of B. microti and A. phagocytophilum variant-ha nymphal infection prevalence are relatively lower. This study reinforces the urgent need for continued tick and pathogen surveillance in the Lehigh Valley region.
Black Women's Knowing, Unruliness and the Radical Transformation of Inclusive Postsecondary Educational Spaces.

Philosophies of inclusion often operate on the premise that to be included in larger society, those who are deemed as different from the norm, who are defined as “unruly”, must be fixed or modified...
Structural Adjustments Under the New Normal

I work with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). A significant portion of what the IMF does is to assess the potential economic growth and associated risks of certain countries and to subsequently judge their policy orientations through a lens of international comparison. The theme of my speech today is “Structural Adjustments Under the New Normal.” While much of it is based on the results of many researchers at the IMF, I would add to it some of my personal judgments, which should be taken as representative of my personal views only.
Aerostructural Tradeoffs for Tow-Steered Composite Wings

The adoption of conventional “black metal” composites in aircraft structures has lead to an improvement in performance over previous metallic designs. With the maturation of automated fiber placeme...
The Relationship Between Rotary Chair and Video Head Impulse Testing in Children and Young Adults With Cochlear Implants.

Purpose Conflicts among video head impulse testing (vHIT) and rotary chair have occurred; therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between rotary chair and vHIT outcom...
Interpolation inequalities and nonoscillatory differential equations

Weighted interpolation inequalities of the form are applied to the quadratic form associated with a symmetric differential operator to obtain nonoscillation criteria. These criteria are in the form of L s integral conditions on the coefficients. Additionally some remarks are made on connections between these inequalities and conditions for disconjugacy as well as the problem of counting the number of negative eigenvalues of a self-adjoint operator arising from mathematical physics.
Case of a Large Pedunculated Biliary Cholesterol Polyp With Osseous Metaplasia.

Cholesterol polyps are the most common benign gallbladder polyps and are usually seen in a background of cholesterolosis. Rarely, they can harbor foci of osseous metaplasia, which is an event of uncertain clinical significance that might be confused with cholelithiasis clinically or radiologically. Herein we report the case of a 78-year-old female with a 1.8-cm pedunculated polyp arising in the gallbladder body. Histologic examination showed microscopic foci of osseous metaplasia, characterized by heterotropic bone trabeculae rimmed by osteoblasts and surrounded by osteoclast giant cells. To the best of our knowledge, this case is the third case report of a cholesterol polyp with osseous metaplasia in the English literature. We also review the relative pathogenesis, clinical and pathologic findings, and previous reports.
Alternative Evidence on Financial Analysts' Use of Financial Statement Information

Financial analysts are frequently viewed as information intermediaries who process and interpret firms’ financial reports for other market participants. However, much research results cast doubts on analysts’ ability to fully utilize the information in firms’ financial reports (e.g., see Bradshaw et al. 2001). This study provides evidence on how sophisticated analysts are at using information in firms’ financial reports. We estimate different measures of firms’ operational efficiency, all of which are derived from financial statement data, and compare the strength of the association between these measures and analysts’ absolute forecast errors. We compare a sophisticated frontier-based measure of firms’ operational efficiency that evaluates firms’ performance relative to their competitors with three more traditional efficiency measures; specifically (1) the return on asset (ROA) ratio, (2) industry-adjusted ROA (AROA), and (3) the return on equity (ROE) ratio. Our results indicate that the more sophisticated frontier-based measure is more strongly negatively associated with analysts’ absolute forecast errors than the other three measures. The results suggest that analysts are capable of undertaking a sophisticated analysis of the information in firms’ financial reports, at least as it pertains to operational efficiency.