cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract PS1-49: The effect of oncoplastic reduction on the incidence of post-operative breast lymphedema in breast cancer patients undergoing lumpectomy

Purpose / Objectives: In patients with macromastia, breast conservation surgery (BCS) followed by radiation therapy (RT) for the treatment of breast cancer may be associated with a different complication profile than those without macromastia. General complications of BCS followed by RT includes seroma, infection, wound complications, cosmetic deformity, asymmetry, acute versus long term arm and/or breast lymphedema. Oncoplastic reduction mammoplasty (ORM) aims to reduce breast volume while excising the tumor bed and its margins. Since breast volume was found to be a risk factor for chronic breast lymphedema, this study was performed to determine the impact of ORM on chronic breast lymphedema as well as other complications compared to BCS without ORM. Materials / Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review on patients who underwent lumpectomy with RT from 2014 to 2018. Chronic breast lymphedema (CBL) was defined as swelling that persisted >1 year post-RT. Breast volumes (BV) were determined by contoured breast volumes or, if unavailable, estimated by the 95% isodose volumes from the RT treatment planning system. Univariate analysis was used to evaluate various patient factors and treatment outcomes in women with BV ≥1300 cc compared to 1300 cc are at increased risk for developing several complications regardless of the presence of ORM. Those who had ORM experienced an increase in wound complications but having undergone ORM appeared to eliminate the increased risk of CBL associated with macromastia. This suggests that ORM should be considered at the time of BCS to reduce their future risk of CBL as there is no cure for this disease. Citation Format: Jenna Nicole Luker, Cara Canella, Sanjay Rama, Kelley Park, Renee Barry, Saheli Ghosh, Simeng Zhu, Yalei Chen, Jessica Bensenhaver, Eleanor Walker, Kenneth Levin, Maristella Evangelista, Dunya Atisha. The effect of oncoplastic reduction on the incidence of post-operative breast lymphedema in breast cancer patients undergoing lumpectomy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS1-49.
Hepatitis a Vaccine Promotion Using Facebook Ads to Reach At-Risk Groups.

Purpose To evaluate using Facebook ads to promote hepatitis A vaccination to at-risk groups. Design This descriptive research study used Facebook ads and posts to deliver a social media health campaign. Setting The social networking site Facebook was used to target audiences in the United States. Subjects Adults in the United States with Facebook accounts were the general audience with at-risk audiences having interests or profile attributes in either LGBTQ or food service groups. Measures Facebook Ads Manager was used to determine impressions, engagement rates, link clicks, and cost per result of the ads. These metrics were measured to examine the use of Facebook ads and targeting audiences. Analysis Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was used to determine if the amount spent on each ad had any correlation with reach, results, cost per result, or impressions. Results The campaign resulted in a reach of 53 422 users, 70 542 impressions, 457 unique link clicks (483 link clicks), an average cost per results of $0.92 USD, and the total amount spent of $445.68 USD. The amount spent was positively correlated with reach (r = .969), results (r = .994), cost per result (r = .841), and impressions (r =.957). Conclusion The social media health campaign was effective in reaching an audience about hepatitis A vaccination. Using interest groups was not more cost-effective than a using a general audience for link clicks.
Prevention of Victimization

SUMMARY Children are frequently exposed to violence at school or in their neighborhood, resulting in multiple negative psychological effects, including anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, isolation, hopelessness, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. The present study evaluated the unique prevention program implemented in inner city parks designed to prevent the development of short- and long-term consequences of exposure to chronic violence. Results indicated that participants benefited significantly from the program, as evidenced by a decrease in endorsement of submissive conflict resolution strategies and behavioral problems. Higher self-esteem was related to increased program gains. Gender emerged as another moderator, while age was unrelated to improvement.
Ensuring quality cancer care: A follow-up review of the Institute of Medicine's 10 recommendations for improving the quality of cancer care in America

Responding to growing concerns regarding the safety, quality, and efficacy of cancer care in the United States, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academy of Sciences commissioned a comprehensive review of cancer care delivery in the US health care system in the late 1990s. The National Cancer Policy Board (NCPB), a 20-member board with broad representation, performed this review. In its review, the NCPB focused on the state of cancer care delivery at that time, its shortcomings, and ways to measure and improve the quality of cancer care. The NCPB described an ideal cancer care system in which patients would have equitable access to coordinated, guideline-based care and novel therapies throughout the course of their disease. In 1999, the IOM published the results of this review in its influential report, Ensuring Quality Cancer Care. The report outlined 10 recommendations, which, when implemented, would: 1) improve the quality of cancer care, 2) increase the current understanding of quality cancer care, and 3) reduce or eliminate access barriers to quality cancer care. Despite the fervor generated by this report, there are lingering doubts regarding the safety and quality of cancer care in the United States today. Increased awareness of medical errors and barriers to quality care, coupled with escalating health care costs, has prompted national efforts to reform the health care system. These efforts by health care providers and policymakers should bridge the gap between the ideal state described in Ensuring Quality Cancer Care and the current state of cancer care in the United States. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Space- and time-resolved interferometry of plasma-filled rod-pinch diodes

This paper presents results from interferometric diagnosis of plasma dynamics in a plasma-filled rod-pinch diode (PFRP) on GAMBLE II at NRL, with diode voltages and currents of 1MV and 600 kA respectively. A high sensitivity interferometer shows the time history of the prefill plasma moving past the anode tip propelled by a J/spl I.oarr//spl times/B/spl I.oarr/ snowplow. Images from a 2-D holographic interferometer show the gun plasma MHD evolution and show the anode tip explode after the start of the X-ray pulse. The results of these studies will be used as experimental benchmarks in the theoretical studies of the PFRP.
Teaching practices of Mexican American mothers with everyday and school related tasks

The teaching behaviors of Mexican American mothers were examined using an every day task and a school-related task. The sample consisted of 37 Mexican American mother-child dyads. The children's mean age was 50.8 months (SD = 6.1). The results indicate that when instructing the everyday task, mothers relied on the use of various verbal utterances to guide their children to task competence. When teaching the school-related task, the mothers relied on the use of nonverbal instructional behaviors. This suggests that mothers instruct their children in a complementary fashion, altering their general strategies with respect to the task demands on the chil dren. Regardless of the task, the mothers followed an instructional pattern that is con sistent with a Vygotskian framework.
A murine model of atypical antipsychotic-induced weight gain and metabolic dysregulation.

In comparison with conventional, first-generation antipsychotics (e.g., haloperidol), the administration of atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) has been associated with a higher risk of metabolic derangements, including body weight increase, dysregulation of glucose homeostasis, fat accumulation, and even liability to develop type II diabetes. Since this is a serious clinical problem that may be further exacerbated in overweight schizophrenics, establishing animal models of AAP-induced adverse effects may contribute to clarifying the mechanisms underlying these effects. Here we present three basic protocols by which this problem has been modeled. The three protocols differ in many aspects (routes of administration, extent of the chronic treatment, diets, and dosage regimen), and the pros and cons of each procedure are systematically detailed throughout. It should be noted that several factors (e.g., species, sex, duration, and class of AAPs) could restrict the feasibility of these models, as well as their correspondence to the clinical condition
Reorganization of ascending 5-HT axon projections in animals previously exposed to the recreational drug (+/-)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy")

The recreational drug (+/)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") is a methamphetamine derivative that selectively destroys central 5-HT axons and axon terminals in animals and, possibly, humans. The fate of 5-HT neurons following MDMA injury is uncertain. In particular, while it is known that central 5-HT axons can undergo regenerative sprouting after MDMA injury, it has not been determined whether they reestablish the original innervation pattern. To address this question, the present studies examined 5-HT innervation patterns in animals lesioned with MDMA 12-18 months previously. Both rodents (rats) and nonhuman primates (squirrel monkeys) were examined, since there is indication that serotonergic recovery after MDMA injury may be species dependent. 5-HT axon projections were studied neurochemically, autoradiographically and immunocytochemically. In both rodents and nonhuman primates previously lesioned with MDMA, substantial serotonergic axonal sprouting was observed. However, in a few rats and in most squirrel monkeys, the reinnervation pattern was highly abnormal: distant targets (e.g., dorsal neocortex) remained denervated, while some proximal targets (e.g., amygdala, hypothalamus) were reinnervated or hyperinnervated. Although the specific determinants of axonal recovery after MDMA injury remain to be identified, it appears that axons which initially sustain more severe damage, are longer, or are more highly arborized have low probability of recovering. The observation that some brain regions remain denervated, while others are reinnervated or hyperinnervated suggests that, under some circumstances, MDMA injury can lead to a lasting reorganization of ascending 5-HT axon projections. Such lasting changes in brain innervation, documented here in MDMA-treated animals, may have implications for humans using MDMA recreationally.
Twice Dead: Organ Transplants and the Reinvention of Death.

Twice Dead: Organ Transplants and the Reinvention of Death. Margaret Lock. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. xii. 429pp.
Predicting the need for anti-incontinence surgery in continent women undergoing repair of severe urogenital prolapse.

Purpose: We determined the indications for anti-incontinence surgery in continent women undergoing surgical repair of severe urogenital prolapse.Materials and Methods: We prospectively evaluated 24 continent women referred for evaluation of severe urogenital prolapse. All patients underwent a meticulous clinical evaluation, including a complete history and physical examination, urinary questionnaire, voiding diary, pad test, cotton swab test, video urodynamics and cystoscopy. The urodynamic evaluation was repeated with prolapse repositioning by a fitted vaginal pessary. Surgical intervention was tailored according to urodynamic findings.Results: Reduction of prolpase with a pessary unmasked sphincteric incontinence in 14 women (58%). Ten women with no urodynamic evidence of sphincteric incontinence underwent anterior colporrhaphy and no additional anti-incontinence procedure was performed. Mean followup was 44 months (range 12 to 96). None had postoperative stress incontinence but 1 (10%) had a recurrent ...
Rifabutin-associated uveitis in an immunosuppressed pediatric patient without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Abstract Purpose: To describe a case of bilateral, symptomatic rifabutin-associated uveitis with hypopyon and vitreal opacities in an immunosuppressed pediatric patient without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Method: Case report. An 8-year-old boy presented with bilateral uveitis 24 months after a bilateral lung transplant. Results: Our patient, whose medications included rifabutin, clarithromycin, and immunosuppressive agents, responded to discontinuation of the rifabutin and initiation of intensive topical corticosteroid therapy with complete resolution of the uveitis. Conclusion: Rifabutin-associated uveitis may occur in a non-AIDS pediatric patient.
Detection of behavioral impairments correlated to neurochemical deficits in mice treated with moderate doses of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine

Overt behavioral symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) do not occur until over 80% of the striatal dopamine content has been lost. Diagnosis of the disorder relies on identifying clinical symptoms including akinesia, resting tremor, and rigidity. In retrospect, behavioral deficits are observed several years prior to diagnosis. Behavioral manifestations in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD, such as changes in general locomotor activity and rotorod performance, require large doses of MPTP and are often transient. We hypothesized that, as in PD, subtle behavioral changes also occur in the MPTP model. In this paper, we demonstrate that mice treated with moderate doses of the dopaminergic toxin MPTP display deficits in behavioral parameters that are significantly correlated with the loss of striatal dopamine. In addition, these behavioral measures are correlated to dopamine transporter, vesicular monoamine transporter, and tyrosine hydroxylase expression and are improved following L-DOPA administration. Detection of dopamine-modulated behavioral changes in moderately depleted MPTP mice will allow for more efficacious use of this model in PD research.
MOCVD Growth of Gallium Sulfide Using Di-tert-butyl Gallium Dithiocarbamate Precursors: Formation of a Metastable Phase of GaS

The reaction of [(tBu)2Ga(μ-Cl)]2 with 1 molar equiv of Na(S2CNR2) yields the di-tert-butyl gallium dithiocarbamate compounds (tBu)2Ga(S2CNR2), R = Me (1), Et (3), nPr (5). The tert-butyl gallium bis(dithiocarbamate) compounds (tBu)Ga(S2CNR2)2, R = Me (2), Et (4), nPr (6), are formed as minor products. Separation of (tBu)2Ga(S2CNR2) from (tBu)Ga(S2CNR2)2 may be readily accomplished by sublimation of the former. Compounds 1 and 3 are low melting point solids allowing their ready use as liquid precursors for MOCVD. The vaporization enthalpies (ΔHv) have been determined, by thermogravimetric methods, for compounds 1, 3, 5, (nBu)2Ga(S2CNMe2) (7), and (secBu)2Ga(S2CNMe2) (8), and are dependent on both the identity of the substituents on gallium and the dithiocarbamate ligand. An inverse relationship is observed between the ΔHv and the extent of branching of the gallium alkyl. Compounds 1−6 are air stable, but compounds 7 and 8 decompose in humid air. The molecular structures of compounds 1 and 3 have been dete...
Molecular genetics: A revolutionary meeting of minds

Jan Witkowski relishes the interwoven stories of Nobel laureates Jacques Monod and Albert Camus.
Transurethral Electrovaporization of the Prostate

In this report, we discuss the basic equipment, electrosurgical techniques, and achievable effects with electrovaporization of the prostate and summarize follow-up data in patients who underwent electrovaporization for treatment of prostatism. Transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate combines electrosurgical vaporization and desiccation to remove obstructive hyperplastic prostatic tissue with minimal morbidity. A special electrosurgical modification involves a grooved roller electrode with a large surface area and multiple edges of contact that allow high current density to be delivered to an extensive area of tissue to be vaporized. This device fits standard resectoscopic equipment, and its use requires no special skills other than those needed for conventional transurethral resection of the prostate. Data analysis on a personal series of 114 patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia who were treated with electrovaporization showed a decrease in symptoms, an increase in urinary flow rates, and rapid convalescence, similar to results in other published studies. Thus, clinical experience with transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate has shown efficacy similar to that for transurethral resection of the prostate but with considerably reduced morbidity. Extended follow-up of larger numbers of patients is needed to assess the durability of this procedure.
Localization of lens antigens in developing frog embryos.

Abstract 1. 1. By the use of the precipitin method, utilizing brain absorbed anti-frog and anti-cattle lens sera, antigens with lens-determinate groups were detected in immature frog oocytes, neurulae, the tails of late-stage feeding larvae, the pigmented retina-iris and aqueous humor of adult frog eyes. 2. 2. There was no difference noted in the intensity of the precipitin reaction, with brain absorbed anti-frog lens, comparing embryos raised to the neurula stage at 10 °C or at 25 °C. The heads of both of these temperature groups showed a stronger reaction with the anti-lens serum than did the trunk fractions. At stage 16 the three regions of the head (optic cup, optic vesicle and oral sucker area) all react equally well with anti-frog lens serum. 3. 3. Agar diffusion plates indicated the presence of eight frog lens antigens. One of these was similar to an antigen present in early stage feeding larvae, tails of late stage feeding larvae and the aqueous humor. Two other lens antigens showed reactions of identity with two brain antigens and one of these common lens-brain antigens was also found in the immature oocytes. Yet another lens antigen was similar to a second small oocyte supernate antigen. The antigens in the immature oocytes which react with the antifrog lens serum are different from the antigens in this preparation which react with an anti-testis serum and an antiserum to small oocyte supernate itself.
Genistein reduces NF-κB in T lymphoma cells via a caspase-mediated cleavage of IκBα

The transcription factor NF-kappa B is elevated in murine T-cell lymphoma lines compared with normal thymic lymphocytes, and may play a role in the neoplastic transformation of these cells. When T lymphoma cells were treated with the soy isoflavone genistein, a marked reduction in nuclear NF-kappa B levels was detectable predominantly for the p50/p50 homodimer and p50/p65 heterodimer. To examine the mechanism by which NF-kappa B is reduced by genistein, we analyzed the NF-kappa B inhibitor, I kappa B alpha, and detected a 34 kDa cleavage product Delta I kappa B alpha, which was induced by genistein in a dose-dependent manner. Our observation that a pan-caspase inhibitor could inhibit the induction of Delta I kappa B alpha by genistein suggested that caspase activity was responsible for this cleavage product. In support of this idea, we detected an increase in caspase-3 activity in response to increasing time of genistein exposure. When the induction of Delta I kappa B alpha was prevented, we detected no reduction of NF-kappa B levels by genistein. These results support a direct role for Delta I kappa B alpha in the reduction of NF-kappa B by genistein. To determine the effect of genistein on some NF-kappa B target gene products, we examined the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), A1, and cIAP-1. Only changes in A1 and cIAP-1 levels were affected with significant reductions in response to genistein. Generation of the repressive activity of Delta I kappa B alpha on NF-kappa B is a novel mechanism for the reduction of this transcription factor by genistein and the possible effect this may have on the ability of genistein to induce apoptosis in tumor cells.
The Efficiency of Electron Impact Leading to Resonance in Helium

The efficiency of resonance impact between electrons and helium atoms has been studied as a function of the energies of the impinging electrons. The transition studied is $1^{1}S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2^{3}S$ at 19.77 volts. The range of energies is 0.8 volt, i.e. from 19.77 to 20.55 volts. The efficiency with which electrons make inelastic impacts rises to a maximum 0.18 volts beyond the resonance potential of 19.77 volts and then decreases. The maximum average efficiency for electrons of 19.95 volts energy is estimated to be 0.002. The measurements were carried out by comparing the velocity distribution of the electrons leaving an equipotential surface with the drop in current as observed in the inelastic impact method of Franck, and similarly by comparing the velocity distribution of the electrons with the distribution of the positive current caused by them in a Lenard experiment. Both types of measurement yield similar results.
Exploratory Bi-factor Analysis: The Oblique Case.

Bi-factor analysis is a form of confirmatory factor analysis originally introduced by Holzinger and Swineford (Psychometrika 47:41–54, 1937). The bi-factor model has a general factor, a number of group factors, and an explicit bi-factor structure. Jennrich and Bentler (Psychometrika 76:537–549, 2011) introduced an exploratory form of bi-factor analysis that does not require one to provide an explicit bi-factor structure a priori. They use exploratory factor analysis and a bifactor rotation criterion designed to produce a rotated loading matrix that has an approximate bi-factor structure. Among other things this can be used as an aid in finding an explicit bi-factor structure for use in a confirmatory bi-factor analysis. They considered only orthogonal rotation. The purpose of this paper is to consider oblique rotation and to compare it to orthogonal rotation. Because there are many more oblique rotations of an initial loading matrix than orthogonal rotations, one expects the oblique results to approximate a bi-factor structure better than orthogonal rotations and this is indeed the case. A surprising result arises when oblique bi-factor rotation methods are applied to ideal data.
Selectivity bias and earnings differences by gender and race

Abstract The effect of selectivity bias on earnings differences due to labor force participation decisions is investigated, using Current Population Survey and Census data. The magnitudes of observed earnings differences by both race and gender are clearly influenced by the presence of selectivity bias.
Precursors and Trajectories of Sensory Features: Qualitative Analysis of Infant Home Videos

OBJECTIVE. This study explored precursors and trajectories of extreme sensory patterns in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) compared with children with developmental delay (DD). METHOD. We conducted a retrospective analysis of home videos of 12 infants who later displayed extreme presence or absence of three sensory patterns at preschool and school age. RESULTS. In ASD, hyporesponsiveness was most evident in infancy, followed by sensory repetitions. Hyporesponsiveness appeared stable over time and also was a precursor of sensory seeking. Infants with DD had few sensory precursors. CONCLUSION. Precursors of extreme sensory features emerge early in children with ASD and appear relatively stable over time for a pattern of hyporesponsiveness but less stable for patterns of hyperresponsiveness and sensory seeking. These findings highlight the emergent nature of sensory features that may inform early identification and intervention.
Analysis of impingement mixing-reaction data: use of a lamellar model to generate fluid mixing information

L'etude theorique (modelisation) et experimentale est menee pour deux reactions successives de couplage azoique ayant une cinetique connue. On suit l'evolution de la selectivite en fonction du nombre de Reynolds
Getting China and India right: Strategies for leveraging the world's fastest growing economies for global advantage

According to projections of the National Intelligence Council, a US government think tank, by 2025 China and India will have the world's second- and fourth-largest economies, respectively. The world is changing before our eyes – within the memories of many readers of this journal, these economies were known for little other than abject poverty. Today they are the largest of the “emerging market economies.” Yet to apply this term to China and India is to fail to recognize the cycles of history. These countries have been the prime generators of wealth in the world for millennia, dwarfing even the Roman Empire at its height. As recently as 1820, China and India together accounted for almost half of world output (Maddison, 2001). For China and India, their current appearance on the world economic stage is better understood as re-emergence rather than emergence.illustration Open image in new window
Bubble statistics and coarsening dynamics for quasi-two dimensional foams with increasing liquid content

We report on the statistics of bubble size, topology, and shape and on their role in the coarsening dynamics for foams consisting of bubbles compressed between two parallel plates. The design of the sample cell permits control of the liquid content, through a constant pressure condition set by the height of the foam above a liquid reservoir. We find that in the scaling regime, all bubble distributions are independent not only of time, but also of liquid content. For coarsening, the average rate decreases with liquid content due to the blocking of gas diffusion by Plateau borders inflated with liquid; we achieve a factor of 4 reduction from the dry limit. By observing the growth rate of individual bubbles, we find that von Neumann's law becomes progressively violated with increasing wetness and decreasing bubble size. We successfully model this behavior by explicitly incorporating the border-blocking effect into the von Neumann argument. Two dimensionless bubble shape parameters naturally arise, one of which is primarily responsible for the violation of von Neumann's law for foams that are not perfectly dry.
Studies of sodium fluoride effects (a) on human otosclerotic bone (b) on prevention of experimental osteoporosis in rats (c) synergistic action with phosphates.

In newborn rats, NaF in optimal doses promotes bone calcification both by decreasing bone resorption and stimulating calcium deposition. Sodium fluoride also has a preventive action on heparine-induced, cortisone-induced and fracture-induced osteoporosis in 6- to 8-week-old rats, especially if given both before and after experimental fracture and combined after fracture with Na2HPO4 and KH2PO2. Both the above results were observed by the semi-quantitative evaluation of tetracycline labeling vs. microchemical calcium assays.
A simulation-based approach to two-stage stochastic programming with recourse

In this paper we consider stochastic programming problems where the objective function is given as an expected value function. We discuss Monte Carlo simulation based approaches to a numerical solution of such problems. In particular, we discuss in detail and present numerical results for two-stage stochastic programming with recourse where the random data have a continuous (multivariate normal) distribution. We think that the novelty of the numerical approach developed in this paper is twofold. First, various variance reduction techniques are applied in order to enhance the rate of convergence. Successful application of those techniques is what makes the whole approach numerically feasible. Second, a statistical inference is developed and applied to estimation of the error, validation of optimality of a calculated solution and statistically based stopping criteria for an iterative alogrithm. © 1998 The Mathematical Programming Society, Inc. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
Discovering Functions of Unannotated Genes from a Transcriptome Survey of Wild Fungal Isolates

Most fungal genomes are poorly annotated, and many fungal traits of industrial and biomedical relevance are not well suited to classical genetic screens. Assigning genes to phenotypes on a genomic scale thus remains an urgent need in the field. We developed an approach to infer gene function from expression profiles of wild fungal isolates, and we applied our strategy to the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. Using transcriptome measurements in 70 strains from two well-defined clades of this microbe, we first identified 2,247 cases in which the expression of an unannotated gene rose and fell across N. crassa strains in parallel with the expression of well-characterized genes. We then used image analysis of hyphal morphologies, quantitative growth assays, and expression profiling to test the functions of four genes predicted from our population analyses. The results revealed two factors that influenced regulation of metabolism of nonpreferred carbon and nitrogen sources, a gene that governed hyphal architecture, and a gene that mediated amino acid starvation resistance. These findings validate the power of our population-transcriptomic approach for inference of novel gene function, and we suggest that this strategy will be of broad utility for genome-scale annotation in many fungal systems. IMPORTANCE Some fungal species cause deadly infections in humans or crop plants, and other fungi are workhorses of industrial chemistry, including the production of biofuels. Advances in medical and industrial mycology require an understanding of the genes that control fungal traits. We developed a method to infer functions of uncharacterized genes by observing correlated expression of their mRNAs with those of known genes across wild fungal isolates. We applied this strategy to a filamentous fungus and predicted functions for thousands of unknown genes. In four cases, we experimentally validated the predictions from our method, discovering novel genes involved in the metabolism of nutrient sources relevant for biofuel production, as well as colony morphology and starvation resistance. Our strategy is straightforward, inexpensive, and applicable for predicting gene function in many fungal species.
Production Models for Nonlinear Stochastic Age-Structured Fisheries

Abstract The overriding feature of stock-recruitment data for most fisheries is the amount of variability involved. Previous production models have assumed either an underlying linear stock-recruitment relationship [11] or an equilibrium condition [23]. Here a production model is derived for an age-structured fishery exhibiting nonlinear stochastic recruitment under nonequilibrium conditions. In the first section deterministic age-structured production models are reviewed, and in the next section corresponding random variable models are presented. Equations for the first and second order moments for each age class, for the stock, and for the yield are then derived using two approaches. The first approach assumes that third and order higher moments associated with the noise can be neglected (thus extending the “small noise” approach in [23]). The second approach assumes that the distributions associated with the random variables can be characterized by a particular two parameter distribution. This latter approximation can be applied to systems with “large noise,” and precision will not be lost for situations where the exact form of the distribution, associated with the stock-recruitment data, is unknown. Equations are derived for the solution under equilibrium recruitment and constant harvesting conditions. Detailed expressions are also obtained for the case where the random variables are assumed to satisfy a gamma distribution.
Accuracy-Constrained Privacy-Preserving Access Control Mechanismfor Relational Data

Access control mechanisms protect sensitive information from unauthorized users. However, when sensitive information is shared and a Privacy Protection Mechanism (PPM) is not in place, an authorized user can still compromise the privacy of a person leading to identity disclosure. A PPM can use suppression and generalization of relational data to anonymize and satisfy privacy requirements, e.g., k-anonymity and l-diversity, against identity and attribute disclosure. However, privacy is achieved at the cost of precision of authorized information. In this paper, we propose an accuracy-constrained privacy-preserving access control framework. The access control policies define selection predicates available to roles while the privacy requirement is to satisfy the k-anonymity or l-diversity. An additional constraint that needs to be satisfied by the PPM is the imprecision bound for each selection predicate. The techniques for workload-aware anonymization for selection predicates have been discussed in the literature. However, to the best of our knowledge, the problem of satisfying the accuracy constraints for multiple roles has not been studied before. In our formulation of the aforementioned problem, we propose heuristics for anonymization algorithms and show empirically that the proposed approach satisfies imprecision bounds for more permissions and has lower total imprecision than the current state of the art.
Cat model for intraocular pressure reduction after transscleral Nd:YAG cyclophotocoagulation

Transscleral neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser cyclophotocoagulation (TSNYC) is used to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma patients refractory to conventional medical and surgical therapy. Our study investigates the ability of TSNYC to lower IOP in normal cats. One eye of 13 cats was treated with non-contact TSNYC. Mean pretreatment IOP was 25 mm Hg (vs. 25.3 mm Hg in contralateral control eyes). Eyes received 80 laser applications over 360 degrees delivered at least 3 mm posterior to the limbus with maximum power (8 to 9 joules) and maximum retrofocus (3.6 mm). Eyes were retreated if IOP was not reduced below baseline after 2 weeks. By 4 weeks, IOP was decreased in all treated eyes by a mean of 29.2% and was maintained as long as 20 weeks (mean decrease 14.8%). IOP in 10 eyes was lowered after a single treatment session. Of these, 2 eyes had IOP spikes >10 mm Hg prior to IOP reduction. Three cats required retreatment to maintain IOP reduction. All eyes developed transient (< 4 we...
The role of learning in pain reduction associated with relaxation and patterned breathing

Abstract The effect of relaxation and patterned breathing on pressure induced pain was assessed using signal detection procedures. Twenty-four student subjects each served in three experimental sessions and reported on three pairs of pressure induced intensities during either relaxation, patterned breathing, patterned finger tapping, or no-treatment conditions. Relaxation was associated with reliable reductions in the rated intensity of the stimuli, and seems to contribute directly to pain reduction. Slow breathing and finger-tapping were associated with intermediate ratings in the rated intensity of the stimuli, which did not differ from ratings made by subjects in the control condition.
Observational Measures of Parenting in Anxious and Nonanxious Mothers: Does Type of Task Matter?

This study examined the relation between type of parent-child interaction task and parenting behaviors among a predominantly African American community-based sample. Twenty-five anxious and matched nonanxious (N = 50) mothers were videotaped with their children (M age = 5.8 years) engaging in both a structured and unstructured task. Blind raters coded 3 parent behaviors hypothesized to play a role in the development of child anxiety: overcontrol, anxious behavior, and criticism. Results indicated that higher levels of overcontrol, anxious behavior, and criticism were found in the structured compared to unstructured task. Levels of criticism, among anxious mothers only, were significantly correlated across tasks. Results suggest that situation specific aspects of parent-child interaction tasks may influence parenting behaviors. These findings help explain variations in observational research in the anxiety literature and highlight the need for careful selection of parent-child tasks in future research.
Spacecraft flight control with the new phase space control law and optimal linear jet select

An autopilot designed for rotation and translation control of a rigid spacecraft is described. The autopilot uses reaction control jets as control effectors and incorporates a six-dimensional phase space control law as well as a linear programming algorithm for jet selection. The interaction of the control law and jet selection was investigated and a recommended configuration proposed. By means of a simulation procedure the new autopilot was compared with an existing system and was found to be superior in terms of core memory, central processing unit time, firings, and propellant consumption. But it is thought that the cycle time required to perform the jet selection computations might render the new autopilot unsuitable for existing flight computer applications, without modifications. The new autopilot is capable of maintaining attitude control in the presence of a large number of jet failures.
Muscarinic receptor modulation of release of [Met5]enkephalin immunoreactive material and catecholamines from the bovine adrenal gland.

Abstract Muscarinic receptor modulation of secretion from the adrenal medulla was studied using retrogradely perfused bovine tissue. Atropine, at a dose not affecting 1,1 dimethyl-4-phenylpiperizinium (DMPP)-stimulated release, inhibited the acetylcholine (ACh)-stimulated release of noradrenaline and [Met5]enkephalin-immunoreactive material (ME-IRM). DMPP-stimulated release of catecholamines and ME-IRM was potentiated by the addition of methacholine. Pilocarpine significantly potentiated the release of noradrenaline only. Methacholine, pilocarpine or muscarine, when infused alone, had no stimulatory affect on the basal release of ME-IRM. These findings suggest that the muscarinic receptors in the bovine adrenal medulla function by potentiating the release of ME-IRM and catecholamines induced by nicotinic receptor stimulation.
Tectonics of the San Gabriel Basin and surroundings, southern California

The SanGabriel Basin is a Pliocene–Pleistocene Transverse Ranges structure bounded by the San Gabriel Mountains on the north, the San Jose and Puente Hills on the east, and the Repetto and Montebello Hills on the west. A basement boundary between gneissoid rocks of San Gabriel Mountains aspect and Peninsular Ranges rocks strikes east across the basin and connects with the San Jose fault. This boundary may represent the eastward continuation of the Canton fault, a middle Miocene precursor of the San Gabriel fault system with up to 30 km of right slip. Canton fault displacement is largely canceled by ∼22.5 km of left slip on a precursor to the Raymond fault such that an Oligocene dacite in the San Jose Hills and clasts derived from it show little evidence of large horizontal displacement between the San Gabriel Mountains and Puente Hills. Clockwise rotation in the middle Miocene probably influenced the distribution of lateral slip. The fill in the northeast-trending Pliocene–Pleistocene San Gabriel Basin is a basal shallow-marine sequence overlain by the nonmarine Duarte Conglomerate, in contrast to the deep-water Fernando Formation of the Los Angeles Basin. The paleoslope trends south in the direction of the Repetto and Puente Hills, evidence that uplift of these hills postdated deposition. The triangular San Gabriel Basin is currently a stable block bounded by the right-slip, northwest-striking East Montebello fault on the west and the left-slip(?), northeast-striking Walnut Creek fault on the east. Farther east, the San Jose and Puente Hills are underlain by an east-trending active fold belt, including the San Jose reverse fault and anticline, the Walnut anticline, and the Puente Hills anticline adjacent to the right-lateral Whittier fault. The East Montebello fault is bounded on the west by the Elysian Park anticlinorium, a fold belt in downtown Los Angeles. The left-slip Holocene Raymond fault joins the Sierra Madre reverse fault at its segment boundary marked by the Clamshell-Sawpit fault. The triangular stable block between east-trending fold belts is bounded on the south by the Puente Hills blind thrust and on the north by the Sierra Madre fault, documenting north-south Quaternary convergence. East-west extension is also indicated, although not confirmed by geodetic measurements.
CYTOLOGICAL STUDIES IN THE GENTIANACEAE

hand, if the sporangium dehisces prematurely no vesicle is formed, and the zoospores disperse without swarming. As noted previously, no resting spores were found in this species, and our knowledge of its life cycle is incomplete. However, R. elongatum is structurally and developmentally similar to other species of Rhizidium, except for the frequent lack of a central rhizoidal axis, and apparently belongs in this genus.
Toxicity of microtubular drugs to leukemic lymphocytes

Abstract The work was designed to test the hypothesis that the cytocidal action of vincristine and colchicine on nondividing leukemic lymphocytes is due to the action of the alkaloids on the microtubules of the cells. Lymphocytes from normal persons and from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia were incubated with microtubular reagents and viable lymphocyte counts were made by phase-contrast microscopy before and after incubation. Nondividing leukemic lymphocytes were found to be more sensitive than normal lymphocytes, not only to vincristine and colchicine, but also to vinblastine, podophyllotoxin, maytansine, oncodazole, and 2-methoxy(trimethoxyphenyl)tropone, all of which arrest mitotic cells in metaphase by combining with tubulin, the subunit of microtubular protein. Griseofulvin, which combines with microtubular associated proteins, was not toxic to leukemic lymphocytes. D 2 O which stabilizes microtubules, protected leukemic lymphocytes from colchicine and podophyllotoxin, but not from vincristine. Lumicolchicine, an analog of colchicine, does not disrupt microtubules and was not toxic to leukemic lymphocytes. These findings are consistent with the proposed hypothesis.
Studies on Pigmentation of Endocrine Origin1

PREGNANCY is normally associated with a deposition of pigment in characteristic areas already pigmented. Thus the nipples and areolae, the linea alba, the vulva, the navel and the face slowly accumulate pigment during gestation. The pigmentary response to pregnancy varies in different individuals. Brunettes show a greater response than do blondes. A Japanese, Nishizaki, suggested that the degree of pigmentation is an excellent index of the general physical response to the stimulation of pregnancy. In a few individuals, the increased pigmentation of the face involving the cheeks, the forehead, and the bridge of the nose presents a characteristic picture.which has been designated as the “mask of pregnancy,” or chloasma gravidarum. These areas of increased pigmentation gradually lose their excessive pigment and slowly fade out after the patient's delivery. In recent years the pigmentary response of pregnancy has been regarded as endocrinal in origin. The first experimental evidence for melanin formation in t...
Contextualism and developmental psychopathology

The field of developmental psychopathology has grown rapidly over the past several decades and research conducted within this framework has made substantial contributions to our understanding of human adaptation and maladaptation (Cicchetti & Cohen, 1995a, 1995b; Cicchetti & Richters, 1997; Cicchetti & Toth, 1998a). Influenced by the theoretical expositions of several prominent developmentalists, including Jay Belsky (1984), Uri Bronfenbrenner (1979), Robert Emde (1994), Donald Ford and Richard Lerner (1992), Michael Lewis (1997), Patricia Minuchin (1985), Arnold Sameroff (1983; Sameroff & Emde, 1989), Alan Sroufe (Sroufe, Egeland, & Kreutzer, 1990), and Esther Thelen and Linda Smith (1994), theorists have called attention to the importance of viewing the development of psychopathology within a continuously unfolding, dynamic, and ever changing context (see, for example, Belsky, 1993; Cicchetti & Aber, 1986; Cicchetti & Lynch, 1993; Cicchetti & Toth, 1998b; Coie & Jacobs, 1993; Jensen & Hoagwood, 1997; Richters & Cicchetti, 1993; Susman, 1993). Moreover, we now know that social contexts exert effects not only on psychological processes but also on biological structures and processes (Boyce, Frank, Jensen, Kessler, Nelson, Steinberg, et al., 1998; Cicchetti & Tucker, 1994; Eisenberg, 1995; Nelson & Bloom, 1997).
Experimental studies of the response of an optical counter to dry and liquid particles of different shape and refractive index

Abstract The response of the Climet 208 optical particle counter in the 1 to 10 μm size range and over a range of shape and refractive index was experimentally measured by using four different metal halide salts. Dry spherical particles having smooth surfaces (latex spheres) and irregular surfaces (sodium fluoride and potassium chloride) fall on the same calibration curve even though their refractive indices cover the 1.34–1.59 range. Cubical dry NaCl particles show less response than the dry spherical particles, probably because of asymmetric light scattering. Metal halide salts all had a smaller response in the saturated aqueous state compared to the dry state.
Benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma in a cesarean-section scar presenting as a fungating mass

We report a case of a benign multicystic mesothelioma, which presented as a fungating mass through the anterior abdominal wall and arose in a cesarean-section scar without direct peritoneal involvement. A wide local excision was done and the diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient is asymptomatic at 3 years’ follow-up. Although a history of previous abdominal surgery has been reported in a patient with benign multicystic mesothelioma, to the best of our knowledge, there is no report of a benign multicystic mesothelioma arising in a cesarean-section scar or presentation as a fungating skin mass. This unusual presentation may point to a traumatic or inflammatory etiology, although seeding of the wound during the previous surgeries is a more likely postulate. A pertinent review of the literature on benign multicystic mesothelioma is also presented.
Effect of Antimycin A on Photosynthesis of Intact Spinach Chloroplasts

Low concentrations (0.5-10 mum) of antimycin A were shown to increase the rate of CO(2) fixation, O(2) evolution and inorganic phosphate esterification in intact spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts. The increase was highest when the light intensity was saturating. Stimulation was independent of the bicarbonate concentration and was accompanied by an enhancement in the synthesis of glycerate 3-phosphate with a decrease in dihydroxyacetone phosphate. The antibiotic decreased the Michaelis constant of the chloroplast but not of ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase for bicarbonate. It was suggested that antimycin A is affecting that portion (outer envelope) of the intact chloroplast which contains the enzyme mechanism for controlling the pace of CO(2) fixation.