cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The added cost of urgent cholecystectomy to health systems.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study is to assess the cost and reimbursement differential between elective and urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Study design All visits for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ICD-9 Code 51.23) to the University of Michigan Health System were reviewed for 1997 to 2001 (n = 752). Data were obtained from the University of Michigan Data Warehouse. Patients were grouped into urgent and elective cases, and further subgrouped into complicated and uncomplicated cases based on Diagnostic Related Group (DRG) coding. Total costs were determined for 13 distinct facility cost centers with average costs greater than $10 per case. Reimbursement was also assessed. Results Total costs were approximately 90% higher in urgent cases. The largest contributors to increased costs were nursing care and pharmacy costs. The emergent group experienced a pre-operative delay to surgery of 1.8 days. Reimbursement was similar for both elective and urgent patients when stratified by complicated and uncomplicated DRGs. Conclusions The urgency of the operation significantly elevates the costs and resource consumption associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. These cost differences should also be recognized when setting reimbursement premiums under risk-bearing systems, such as Medicare Diagnosis Related Group reimbursement. Consideration for including urgent operation as a comorbidity should be assessed.
Infection of Soybean Seed by Fusarium graminearum and Effect of Seed Treatments on Disease Under Controlled Conditions.

Abstract Fusarium graminearum causes seed decay and damping-off of soybean. This study evaluated the effect of inoculum density of F. graminearum, temperature, and fungicide seed treatments on dise...
Analysis and optimization of mineral processing and coal-cleaning circuits — Circuit analysis

Abstract In mineral processing and coal cleaning operations, there are two classes of unit operations used in the separation processes. The first type — crushing, grinding, pelletizing and settling — modifies the size distribution of the feed. The second type — heavy media, sizing, flotation, magnetic, electrostatic and jigging — separates the particles. In these latter unit operations, the size distribution is not changed; rather, the feed stream is split into a product and waste stream based on subtle physical and physicochemical differences between the different types of feed particles. In separation unit operations, the mathematical functions, representing the behavior of the unit operations, are easy to manipulate. Thus, a number of theorems, useful to both the plant designer, and the plant engineer, can be proven. The work presented in this paper makes the fundamental assumption of linearity as do all current plant design analysis systems. The linearity assumption states that in a separation operation, there is no particle-particle interaction effecting the probability that a particle will be selected for the product or waste stream. In other words, if one doubles or triples the feed rate to a unit operation, the fraction of particles of a given characteristic selected to appear in the product stream remains unchanged. In actuality, this assumption is not true because higher feed rates affect the behavior of separation operations. However, when designing a plant, one can calculate the feed rate to a given unit operation and then select a piece of equipment large enough to handle the computed tonnage. Thus, the designed circuit behaves linearly.
Alternative renewable resource strategies: A simulation of optimal use

Abstract The depletion of forested wetlands is a pressing environmental concern, but has wetland depletion and conversion to agricultural cropland been excessive? A dynamic analysis of resource exploitation in the presence of environmental consequences is required. The structure and parameters of a model of socially optimal wetland use are found to bear a well-defined relationship to those which emerge from a private-market model of wetland exploitation, providing a basis for internalizing environmental externalities and for identifying optimal resource-exploitation strategies. Empirical analysis focuses on the area of severest wetland losses in the United States, the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Plain.
The education of African American males: frameworks for developing authenticity

This article begins with a contextual overview of the education of young African American males. Philosophical and theoretical guideposts are later offered to suggest direction for the authentic education of these learners. Effective intervention strategies are proposed along with the outline of a holistic service delivery model. It is suggested that the progress of young African American males is linked to the ability of K-16 educational systems to develop positive visions and images of the survival and success of these learners. The increased linkages of community-based programs that utilize Africentric principles and practices are discussed.
39 DOWN SYNDROME: SURVEY

Questionnaires were sent to parents of Down syndrome children in 1970 and 1974 attempting to determine their views on various subjects relating to having a child with Down syndrome. Because of some of the fallicies present in questionnaires, in 1977, parents were interviewed and asked the same questions. A total of 194 answered the questionnaire and 35 were interviewed. We were interested in determining if having a Down syndrome child had any effect on the marriage. In 1970 and 1974, 38 percent of the respondents answered that their relationship had changed in a positive manner since having a child with Down syndrome. Fifty-eight percent said there was no change and 3 percent said there was a negative change. Of the parents interviewed, 46 percent said they had a more positive relationship with their spouse, 49 percent said there was no change and 6 percent said there was a negative relationship. In 1974, 15 percent of the parents believed they had a more positive relationship with their other childen since having a child with Down syndrome. In 1977, more fathers than mothers believed they had a more positive relationship when compared to the 1974 figures. Generally, as the children became older there were no significant changes in the parents' responses. The divorce rate in the 1970 and 1974 survey was 4 percent. There were no divorces in the smaller interview group.
Attribution of climate variations and trends to human influences and natural variability

Past attribution studies of climate change have assumed a null hypothesis of no role of human activities. The challenge, then, is to prove that there is an anthropogenic component. I argue that because global warming is “unequivocal” and ‘very likely’ caused by human activities, the reverse should now be the case. The task, then, could be to prove there is no anthropogenic component to a particular observed change in climate, although a more useful task is to determine what it is. In Bayesian statistics, this change might be thought of as adding a ‘prior’. The benefit of doubt and uncertainties about observations and models are then switched. Moreover, the science community is much too conservative on this issue and too many authors make what are called ‘Type II errors’ whereby they erroneously accept the null hypothesis. Global warming is contributing to a changing incidence of extreme weather because the environment in which all storms form has changed from human activities. WIREs Clim Change 2011, 2:925–930. doi: 10.1002/wcc.142 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Social problem‐solving abilities and personality disorder characteristics among dual‐diagnosed persons in substance abuse treatment

We examined the relation of self-appraised social problem-solving abilities and personality-disorder characteristics to the adjustment and compliance of persons with dual diagnoses in substance-abuse treatment. It was hypothesized that elements of the problem-orientation component would remain predictive of depressive behavior and distress after considering personality-disorder characteristics among 117 persons receiving inpatient-substance-abuse treatment. Furthermore, self-appraised problem-solving abilities were expected to predict the occurrence of "dirty" drug and alcohol screens during treatment and compliance with the first scheduled community follow-up visit. Results supported predictions concerning the relation of problem-solving confidence to depressive behavior, distress, and substance-use screens; however, a paradoxical relation was observed between the problem-orientation variables and compliance with the first outpatient visit. The results are interpreted within the context of contemporary models of social problem solving and the implications for cognitive-behavioral assessment and intervention are considered.
Occupational Sex Segregation and Women's Early Career Job Shifts:

Previous research has found considerable mobility between “male” and “female” occupations across the work life. This article uses employment histories from the Washington State Career Development Study to examine the frequency and determinants of jobs shifts that take women across gender-type boundaries. It was found that many women go between sex-typical and sex-atypical occupations with a change of jobs. Higher work commitment tends to slow moves from male to female occupations, and higher job rewards slow moves across occupational gender types. But family variables do not constrain moves to male occupations nor speed moves to female ones. Thus the results do not always fit with stereotypes about characteristics of predominately male and female jobs. The article suggests that further research is needed to identify career lines and career-line segments by gender type, rather than relying on the sex composition of a particular occupation or even job.
An integral solution for the inverse heat conduction problem after the method of Weber

Abstract We consider the linear inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP) in the one-dimensional semi-infinite slab, and present a new solution algorithm and error bounds, based on the integral representation of Weber's hyperbolic approximation and a suitable filtered version of the noisy data. We discuss the determination of the hyperbolic parameter and describe several numerical examples of interest, showing the accuracy and stability of the method.
Nanowire superconducting single photon detectors progress and promise

Since the first reported detection of a single photon using a superconducting nanowire in 2001, rapid progress has been made in the development and application of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPD or SSPD). I will briefly describe use of these detectors in new applications, progress in detector developments, and describe areas of research and their potential impact.
Neural Predictors of Within-Subject Fluctuations in Attentional Control

Whether salient objects automatically capture attention has long been the subject of considerable controversy. A possible resolution, investigated in this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, is that observers vacillate between periods when attention capture is robust and when it is minimal. Human observers searched static displays for a target circle among nontarget squares; an irrelevant color singleton distractor appeared on 50% of trials. Behavioral results showed a distraction effect in which response times to distractor-present trials were slower than for distractor-absent trials. fMRI results confirmed that this distraction effect not only fluctuated within experimental sessions, but the momentary degree of distraction could be predicted in advance by pretrial activity in middle frontal gyrus. A second experiment ruled out an alternative account by which participants achieved resistance to capture by trading off search efficiency. Together, these data reveal that observers frequently exert the capacity to resist attentional distraction, although they do not to sustain this capacity for long periods of time.
The Statistics of American Commercial Banking, 1782–1818

In spite of its importance to economic development, much remains unknown about commercial banking in early America. The Historical Statistics of the United States gives the number of banks, their capital stock, bank note circulation, deposits, and specie for only four years prior to 1830, and these data are far from complete. Economic and financial historians generalize about this period from statistics presented in Albert Gallatin's Considerations on the Currency of the United States and from the reports of the Treasury Department, summarized in the Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Currency, 1876.
A statistical semantics for causation

We propose a model-theoretic definition of causation, and show that, contrary to common folklore, genuine causal influences can be distinguished from spurious covariations following standard norms of inductive reasoning. We also establish a sound characterization of the conditions under which such a distinction is possible. Finally, we provide a proof-theoretical procedure for inductive causation and show that, for a large class of data and structures, effective algorithms exist that uncover the direction of causal influences as defined above.
Are Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Shocks a Surrogate for Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients With Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy

Background— Ventricular tachyarrhythmias long enough to cause implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shocks are generally thought to progress to cardiac arrest. In previous ICD trials, shocks have been considered an appropriate surrogate for sudden cardiac death (SCD) because the number of shocks has been thought to be equivalent to the mortality excess in patients without ICDs. The practice of equating ICD shocks with mortality is controversial and has not been validated critically. Methods and Results— The Defibrillators in Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Treatment Evaluation (DEFINITE) trial was a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial of ICD therapy in 458 patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Patients were randomized to receive standard medical therapy (STD) or STD plus an ICD. Shock electrograms were reviewed, and the cause of death was evaluated by a separate blinded events committee. There were 15 SCD or cardiac arrests in the STD group and only 3 in the ICD arm. In contrast, of the 229 ...
Diagnostic Information Available in University and Community Hospital Medical Records: Patients With Cerebrovascular Disease

Medical records of 1,117 patients with cerebrovascular disease from one university and four community hospitals were abstracted by trained, nonphysician personnel at the rate of four cases per hour. The data obtained were adequate to describe eight cerebrovascular disease syndromes. In 56% of cases, data from the body of the medical record failed to support the hospiatl's dicharge diagnosis. The eight study diagnoses were not identical with pathological diagnoses, but their characterstics suggest that they are distinct and related to recognized cerebrovascular disease entities. It is recommended that evaluations of diagnostic and therapeutic practice for stroke patients be carried out separately for each of the study syndromes; the care expected and the outcome observed are different for each.
Partially ionized beam deposition of parylene

Abstract Conventionally deposited parylene C polymer thin films have excellent properties, including moisture barrier, toughness and electrical insulation characteristics. However, their use has been restricted by poor adhesion to most smooth or non-porous substrates characteristic of earlier deposition processes [H. Yasuda, B.H. Chu, D.L. Cho, T.J. Lin, D.J. Yang, J.A. Antonelli, Corros. Sci. 52 (3) (1996) 169. [1] ]. In spite of this adhesion problem, parylene C has the proven ability to provide excellent environmental protection on electronic circuit boards for computer and general industrial products for which adhesion is enhanced by separate means. In addition to environmental protection, parylene will also encapsulate any solders that may be present and prevent them from causing shorting problems, and it is effective in very thin layers [R. Olson, Society of Vacuum Coaters, in: Proceedings of 31st Annual, May 2–6, 1998. [2] ]. The work here shows that the adhesion between parylene C films and substrates can be greatly improved by ion-assisted deposition in which the parylene monomers are ionized and accelerated to the substrate during film growth. Solid parylene C is vaporized at 134 °C to a dimeric gas, and pyrolized to cleave the dimer to a monomer at 680 °C. The monomeric gas is ionized and accelerated toward the substrate by an electric field, and finally parylene is polymerized with some penetration into the substrate surface to improve the adhesion.
Field-of-view calibration of the Microwave Limb Sounder on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite

Describes the field-of-view (FOV) calibration of the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on board NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). Calibration data are derived from measurements and analytical models, combined with in flight data. Particular emphasis is given to pointing calibration and estimation of far sidelobe levels and radiance offsets, using both the Moon and the residual signals when the FOV is pointed high above Earth's atmosphere. >
Possible Role for Vascular Cell Proliferation in Cerebral Vasospasm After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Background and Purpose— During vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), cerebral blood vessels show structural changes consistent with the actions of vascular mitogens. We measured platelet-derived vascular growth factors (PDGFs) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients after SAH and tested the effect of these factors on cerebral arteries in vivo and in vitro. Methods— CSF was sampled from 14 patients after SAH, 6 patients not suffering SAH, and 8 normal controls. ELISA was performed for PDGF-AB, transforming growth factor-β1, and vascular endothelial growth factor. A mouse model was used to compare cerebral vascular cell proliferation and PDGF staining in SAH compared with sham-operated controls. Normal human pial arteries were incubated for 7 days in vitro, 2 groups with human blood clot and 1 with and 1 without PDGF antibodies. Results— PDGF-AB concentrations in CSF from SAH patients were significantly higher than those from non-SAH patients and normal controls, both during the first week aft...
Approaches to understanding the importance and clinical implications of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) signaling in prostate cancer

The development and maintenance of the prostate are dependent upon a complex series of interactions occurring between the epithelial and stromal tissues (Hayward and Cunha [2000]: Radiol. Clin. N. Am. 38:1–14). During the process of prostatic carcinogenesis, there are progressive changes in the interactions of the nascent tumor with its surrounding stroma and extracellular matrix. These include the development of a reactive stromal phenotype and the possible promotion, by stromal cells, of epithelial proliferation and loss of differentiated function (Hayward et al. [1996]: Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 784:50–62; Grossfeld et al. [1998]: Endocr. Related Cancer 5:253–270; Rowley [1998]: Cancer Metastasis Rev. 17:411–419; Tuxhorn et al. [2002]: Clin. Cancer Res. 8:2912–2923). Many molecules play an as yet poorly defined role in establishing and maintaining a growth quiescent glandular structure in the adult. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a candidate regulator of prostatic epithelial differentiation and may play a role in restricting epithelial proliferation. PPARγ agonists are relatively non-toxic and have been used with limited success to treat some prostate cancer patients. We would propose that a more complete understanding of PPARγ biology, particularly in the context of appropriate stromal–epithelial and host–tumor interactions would allow for the selection of patients most likely to benefit from this line of therapy. In particular, it seems reasonable to suggest that the patients most likely to benefit may be those with relatively indolent low stage disease for whom this line of therapy could be a useful additive to watchful waiting. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
BRAIN TO BRAIN TRANSMISSION OF THE SUBMAXILLARY GLAND VIRUS IN YOUNG GUINEA PIGS

The submaxillary gland virus of guinea pigs was serially transmitted from brain to brain in young guinea pigs. The source of virus was the submaxillary glands of six groups of stock animals. Brain to brain transfer was effected in two series, in one to the second generation and in the other to the third. The transmission was evidenced by the presence of nervous symptoms and death and by a typical microscopic pathology of the brain. Only certain attempts were successful, ten of twenty-three brain to brain injections being fatal with the specific histopathology present in five. A few observations suggest that the virus may be present spontaneously in the gland and experimentally in the brain without cellular changes being demonstrable, or before they are evident. While we were able to transmit the virus from brain to brain with fatal results by single injections of small doses, this was not readily accomplished and the transmission failed after two or three passages. We were unable to show any perceptible increase in virulence or adaptation of the virus to the brain tissue of the natural host. The histopathology was that of a meningoencephalitis. The inflammatory reaction irregularly involved the meninges, the underlying brain substance, and the perivascular tissue of the meninges and upper cortical layer. These structures were infiltrated with mononuclear cells, many of which contained a typical acidophilic inclusion. Congestion of cerebral capillaries uniformly occurred and various degrees of recent hemorrhage were frequently found. Necrosis was noted only when associated with an occasional area of extensive hemorrhage. Similar changes were observed in sections of the spinal cord. When sufficient time (15 days or more) elapsed between cerebral inoculation and death, typical cellular inclusions were seen in the salivary glands, whereas none was found in animals that died earlier (7 to 9 days). Under the first mentioned conditions, inclusions were demonstrated in the parotid and mucous portion of the submaxillary glands, although in spontaneously infected animals, we failed to find the mucous portion involved and other workers report that the parotid is spared. About one-third of the stock guinea pigs examined showed cellular inclusions in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of epithelial duct cells of the serous part of the submaxillary gland. From an analysis of the results of brain to brain inoculations, it was evident that spontaneous infection and resistance to cerebral inoculation increased with age. The 3rd week of life is the period of choice for such experimentation.
Mixed metal oxide systems for organic photovoltaics

We have employed mixed metal oxide materials in various roles in organic and hybrid-organic photovoltaic (OPV/h-OPV) devices. In the case of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) devices we have used an inorganic HTL layer (NiO) constructed by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) to replace the standard PEDOT:PSS HTL in a poly(3-hexythiophene):[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) BHJ OPV device. We have also examined in detail the changes in the electric field at the polymer-oxide interface in planar P3HT;metal oxide h-OPV devices both with experimental studies and through modeling of the h-OPV polymer/acceptor interface. For our h-OPV experimental studies we examine ZnO, TiO2 and Nb:TiO2 acceptors constructed using PLD in which the doping levels have been controlled using a digital modulation scheme.
Combined Iron Deficiency and Lead Poisoning in Children Effect on FEP Levels

Concern for the concomitant occurrence of iron deficiency and elevated blood lead in children is raised by animal studies documenting increased gastrointestinal lead absorption in the presence of iron deficiency. An elevation in free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) above 35 mg/dl is seen with both iron deficiency and lead toxicity. To determine whether the degree of elevation in FEP is useful in predicting which children with elevated blood lead levels have concomitant iron deficiency, 109 children suspected of having an elevated lead burden were studied. A complete blood count, reticulocyte count, FEP, lead, and ferritin were measured on each child. The effect of the independent variables, lead and iron status, both alone and in combination, on the dependent variable, FEP, was analyzed through a linear regression model. Lead status alone accounted for 42 percent of the explained variance in FEP, and the lead-iron interaction increased the explained variance by only an additional 1 percent. Screening for iron deficiency in children with elevated blood lead should continue to be based on dietary and socioeconomic risk factors and not on degree of elevation in FEP.
Women's Mental Health: Implications for Occupational Therapy

This article describes issues of sexism in the mental health profession. Theoretical bias in psychiatry and the sociopolitical status of women are both linked to the inappropriate mental health treatment of women. A relational model of women's psychological development is offered as an alternative theoretical perspective for understanding the mental health needs of women. Ways to integrate this perspective in occupational therapy practice are included.
Things that blink: computationally augmented name tags

The conventional name tag automatically dispenses information at a time when it is useful and relevant. The name of the person wearing the tag is visible in a face-to-face encounter. The information presented on a name tag changes according to who is wearing the name tag, but it does not depend on who is viewing the name tag. This paper presents a computationally augmented name tag-the "Thinking Tag"-that is capable of displaying different information depending on who is viewing it. When two participants at an event face each other, their name tags change to reflect a simple measure of how much they have in common. A goal of the Thinking Tag technology design is to create an augmented name tag that does not interfere with the social mechanisms that normally operate among groups of people. Therefore, the communication and computation technology are hidden within the tag.
CAI, Lecture, and Student Learning Style: The Differential Effects of Instructional Method

AbstractThis study compared the effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction and lecture approaches in the teaching of vocal anatomy and function to undergraduate music students with different learning styles. The subjects, 60 undergraduate students enrolled in choral ensembles at a large midwestern university, were assigned to treatment groups via stratification based on college GPA and learning style. All participants were pretested and categorized into learning styles by completing the Gregorc Style Delineator. The effects of the independent variables, teaching method and learning style, on the dependent variable, knowledge of vocal anatomy and function, were analyzed using a two-way analysis of covariance, with pretest scores serving as the covariate. Results revealed a significant interaction (p = .006) between instructional approach and student learning style. Abstract learners demonstrated significantly higher achievement with the lecture approach, while concrete learners performed equally well w...
Testbed for Node Communication in MANETs to Uniformly Cover Unknown Geographical Terrain Using Genetic Algorithms

Majority of research in wireless ad-hoc networks is based on software tools simulating network environment under strictly controlled conditions, mainly due to its extreme cost, difficulty of adapting real-time topological changes in the environment and complexity of implementing a realistic testbed. In this paper, we present a testbed with real wireless task-oriented autonomous MANET based on VxWorks RTOS platform using Xilinx ML310 development boards with Virtex-II Pro FPGA devices and integrated gumstix/iRobot platform running embedded linux, as well as off-the-shelf laptops and desktops. As an example experiment, we consider the task of uniformly covering an unknown geographical terrain using autonomous MANET nodes with a limited communication range, which has many military missions such as search and rescue missions, surveillance tasks, locating and mapping chemical, and biological hazards. To achieve this objective, mobile nodes exchange one-hop neighbor information to decide their speed and directions without any central coordinator. Each node runs a genetic algorithm (GA) to select fitter speed and direction among an exponentially large number of choices for a better convergence toward a uniform distribution. The testbed experiments provide an effective research tool to demonstrate that our GA delivers acceptable network area coverage.
CEO Compensation and Company Performance

This paper examines the relationship of CEO pay and company performance for 280 firms listed on the New York Stock Exchange for a period from 2006 through 2009. The time frame of the study is a period after the adoption of the Sarbanes Oxley Act and after the SEC approval of the corporate governance rules affecting executive pay for New York Stock Exchange companies. I find there to be a positive and significant relationship between total CEO compensation and company performance measured by return on equity. The size of the firm appears to be the most significant factor in determining the level of total CEO compensation, according to the results, and the tenure of the chief executive officer is another significant variable.
HIV-specific B cell response in patients with broadly neutralizing serum activity

Since its discovery in 1981, HIV has killed over 25 million people; more than 33 million humans are now infected worldwide. Despite extensive efforts, a vaccine against HIV remains elusive. The reason for this lies in HIV's remarkable mutability.
Abstract PR13: Disparities in centrosomal profiles: Prediction of metastatic risk in African American and European American breast cancer patients

Centrosome amplification has long been established as a hallmark of cancer. More than 80% of invasive breast tumors display this cellular trait. Centrosomal aberrations underlie chromosome instability (CIN) thus corroborating the extensive clonal intratumoral heterogeneity existent within breast lesions that fuels tumor evolution. Sub-clonal heterogeneity drives emergence of aggressive clones with a propensity to migrate and invade, resulting in tumor dissemination and metastases. Thus, centrosome amplification is a critical driver of tumor progression and metastases. Although numerous studies have linked centrosomal overload to tumor aggressiveness, no studies have yet quantified this cell-biological feature to establish a well-defined relationship between the severity and extent of centrosome amplification and tumor aggressiveness. Utilizing an innovative and rationally-guided approach, we have derived an algorithm that allows the precise quantitation of the frequency and severity of both structural and numerical aberrations in supernumerary centrosomes present in clinical samples. Our novel method thus uncovers previously unrecognized differences in the centrosomal profiles of grade-matched breast tumors from African-American (AA) (n=71) and European American (EA) (n=104) women. Our data demonstrate that AA breast tumors exhibit higher numeral, structural and total centrosome amplification scores than grade-matched EA tumors. Interestingly, tumors displaying lymph node and distant metastasis exhibited higher structural amplification than grade-matched non-metastatic tumors. Hence, our novel quantification tool offers valuable information that can potentially predict the risk of AA breast tumors rapidly progressing to metastatic disease and uncovers a hitherto unappreciated organelle-specific disparity marker among racially distinct breast tumors. This abstract was also presented as Poster B6. Citation Format: Nikita Wright, Vaishali Pannu, Padmashree Rida, Karuna Mittal, Sergey Klimov, Farida N. Yada, Michelle D. Reid, Guilherme Cantuaria, Ritu Aneja. Disparities in centrosomal profiles: Prediction of metastatic risk in African American and European American breast cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Seventh AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 9-12, 2014; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015;24(10 Suppl):Abstract nr PR13.
Cations or Radicals? Inherent Reactivity of Biosynthetic Intermediates in the B-Ring Formation of Rotenoid Natural Products

Compounds of the rotenoid class are naturally occurring in the Leguminosae and Nyctaginacae families. Rotenoids have found a myriad of uses, for example, in the agricultural industry as an insecticide and piscicide, and as an anticancer therapeutic. The scientific literature questions whether cyclization of the rotenoid B-ring occurs via a pathway containing either cationic or free-radical intermediates. In this work, both propositions are analyzed using DFT (B3LYP and M06-2X) and the G3 composite method in gas- and (implicit) solution-phase. The accuracy of these methods is compared to several experimental C–H bond dissociation energies (BDEs). We find that of the methods surveyed M06-2X provides the most accurate BDEs. Further, there is a clear thermodynamic preference for the free-radical pathway.
Locomotor behavior and feeding ecology of the panamanian tamarin (Saguinus oedipus geoffroyi, callitrichidae, primates)

The Callitrichidae are a family of New World primates that exhibit a complex of behavioral and morphological characters reputedly similar to those of tree squirrels of the genus Sciurus.In particular, the locomotor behavior of tamarins and marmosets has been described as “squirrel-like. ” In this paper I describe a field investigation of the locomotor behavior and ecology of the Panamanian tamarin (Saguinus oedipus geoffroyi)and the redtailed squirrel (Sciurus granatensis).From January through August 1978, a total of 1200 hr was spent observing freeranging populations of tamarins and tree squirrels in an area of secondary forest on the Pacific Coast of Panama. Observations were made using an instantaneous time sampling technique. Individual activity records were collected on focal animals and recorded at 2.5-min intervals throughout the day. The following information was collected: (a) nature and structure of the substrate exploited, (b) activities on these supports and/or types of resources procured, and (c) body posture involved in the use of these supports. Data presented indicate major differences in substrate preference and positional behavior in tamarins and tree squirrels. Unlike squirrels, tamarins avoid vertical and sharply inclined supports during travel. Movements through the canopy is accomplished by a series of long leaps which begin and end on thin terminal supports. However, the Panamanian tamarin spent numerous hours clinging to large vertical trunks while feeding on plant exudate. Gums comprise 23.O% of the noninsect portion of the tamarin diet. The relationships between small body size, claw-like nails, substrate preference, and positional behavior are discussed. Claw-like nails enable this primate to exploit a food resource that would otherwise be inaccessible. The interrelationship between environment, behaviour, and morphology provides a frameworks from which to understand callitrichid adaptations. These adaptations are not convergent with those of the sciurid rodents.
La crisis de la deuda soberana europea (2009-2010): el papel de la confianza y otros factores sociales

In this paper I analyze the second phase of the current financial crisis or the events that rocked the European economies in 2009-2010. These events were set off by Greece’s declaration in October 2009 that its deficit would be much higher than what had previously been announced; and it culminated in the May 2010 crisis, when EU put together a fund of a trillion dollar in order to calm the markets. The crisis is currently ongoing (and my paper takes it up till November 2010). The European sovereign debt crisis is primarily analyzed with the help of a sociological theory of confidence. The argument is (drawing on Bagehot) that financial crises may be unleashed by the sudden disclosure of hidden losses - in this case (as I document) the disclosure of Greece.
The self-control triad. Description and clinical applications.

The Self-Control Triad (SCT), a covert conditioning procedure, is defined in detail. Clinical examples are presented on the use of the SCT with maladaptive avoidance and maladaptive approach behaviors. Uses of the SCT in the treatment of depression, organic dysfunction, and children's problem behaviors are also discussed. Possible problems and the advantages of the SCT are enumerated. An experimental study of the effect of the SCT on myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome is described.
Success rates of abdominal sacrocolpopexy decrease over time, but with improved continence rates with concomitant urethropexy

Commentary on: Nygaard I, Brubaker L, Zyczynski HM, et al. Long-term outcomes following abdominal sacrocolpopexy for pelvic organ prolapse. JAMA 2013;309:2016–24.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] The challenge of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is to develop durable surgeries, including sacrocolpopexy. One must consider concomitant anti-incontinence procedures. This study by Nygaard and colleagues addresses the durability of sacrocolopexy, and also provides valuable data on the long-term efficacy of concurrent anti-incontinence surgery. The extended colpopexy and urinary reduction efforts (eCARE) trial provides follow-up of the CARE trial.1 Women with advanced POP without baseline incontinence were randomised to receive abdominal sacrocolpopexy with or without urethropexy. The majority (215/231) were enrolled and 121 women (56%) completed a 7-year assessment. The outcomes included anatomic and symptomatic … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%26rft.volume%253D309%26rft.spage%253D2016%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Fjama.2013.4919%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F23677313%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/jama.2013.4919&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=23677313&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F19%2F2%2F55.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000318855500024&link_type=ISI
The Impact of Video Self-Analysis on the Development of Preservice Teachers' Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge TPACK

Teachers often teach on their own in their individual classrooms and thus have to mostly rely on themselves to reflect on their teaching practices and make improvements. This study explores the potential of using a video self-analysis component in an undergraduate technology integration course to help preservice teachers effectively integrate technology into instruction. Specifically, this study explores the impact of video self-analysis on developing preservice teachers Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge TPACK. Results reveal video self-analysis was beneficial in helping preservice teachers facilitate their TPACK development. However, participants TPACK development varied within the six TPACK knowledge domains.
What Is the Ideal Occupation? The Talmudic Perspective

Choosing the ideal occupation is not a trivial decision. The profession one chooses can affect the amount of time available for spiritual duties, one’s earnings, and whether an individual remains honest. Clearly, there is a strong connection between business ethics and the occupation one selects. This paper explores the views of the Talmudic sages regarding the ideal profession. Almost all the Talmudic sages had jobs; for example, Hillel was a woodcutter.
Study on Quality Standards of Compound Naphazoline Eye Drops

Objective To establish quality standards of compound naphazoline eye drops.Methods The naphazoline hydrochloride and chlorpheniramine maleate were identified by thin-layer chromatography,and were detected by RP-HPLC and UV.Results The chromatography spots of the tested chemicals and reference substance in the corresponding position showed the same color in the TLC chromatography.The linear range of HPLC-phenanthroline naphazoline hydrochloride and chlorpheniramine maleate were 6.02~72.24 μg/ml,and 6.08~72.96 μg/ml.The average recoveries were 97.56%,97.24%;RSD were 0.37%,0.69%(n=9),respectively.Conclusion The method is simple,accurate,and selective,and can be used for the quality control of compound naphazoline eye drops.
Effects of n-3 fatty acids in essential hypertension.

We examined the effects on blood pressure, plasma lipoproteins, and platelet function when marine oil supplements (rich in n-3 fatty acids) or vegetable oil supplements (rich in n-6 fatty acids) were added to the usual diets of patients with mild essential hypertension. In a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study, patients received 50 g of either marine oil (n = 8) or vegetable oil (n = 8) daily for 6 weeks following a baseline observation period. Diastolic blood pressure declined during treatment with fish oil (mean +/- SEM, 96 +/- 2 v 89 +/- 2 mm Hg, P = .02), but did not change with vegetable oil (92 +/- 1 v 94 +/- 1 mm Hg). Systolic blood pressure did not change significantly during either treatment. Serum triglycerides declined (by approximately 30%) in patients receiving only marine oil, but total cholesterol, LDL-, HDL-, HDL2-, and HDL3-cholesterol-subfractions and apolipoproteins A-I and B were unchanged in both treatment groups. Bleeding time increased by 33% during treatment with marine oil but did not change with vegetable oil supplements. Marine oil did not alter in vitro platelet aggregation thresholds. The lack of a significant correlation between blood pressure changes and platelet membrane fluidity, plasma renin activity, aldosterone, norepinephrine, or epinephrine suggests that these variables did not mediate the antihypertensive effect of the marine oil. We conclude that large doses of marine oil reduce diastolic blood pressure, lower triglycerides, and increase bleeding time in patients with mild hypertension.
Apparent exceptions to the usual patterns in renal trauma

Selected cases of renal injuries illustrate the impression that clinical exceptions often may reflect errors in diagnostic interpretation and reaction rather than actual complications, rendering a policy incompetent or dangerously unreliable. These cases, as well as a comparison of debates regarding the management of renal trauma, are intended to offer further encouragement to a non-operative approach to injuries of intermediate degree.
Disparities in Patient- and Family-Centered Care During US Children's Health Care Encounters: A Closer Examination.

Abstract Objective Patient- and family-centered care (PFCC), which recognizes the family as an integral partner in high-quality clinical decision-making, is important to improving children's health care. Studies examining PFCC disparities in the general US pediatric population, however, are sparse, and use methodology that might mislead readers to overestimate effect sizes because of the high prevalence of high-quality PFCC. We address these issues using improved statistical modeling of conceptually-grounded disparity domains on more recent data. Methods This study examined 22,942 children in the 2011 to 2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys (pooled cross-section) with at least 1 health care visit in the previous year (eligible for PFCC questions). We used robust-adjusted multivariable Poisson regression to estimate prevalence rate ratios—closer estimates of true risk ratios of highly prevalent outcomes—of 4 measures of high-quality PFCC and a composite measure. Results Overall, PFCC quality prevalences were high, ranging from 95% to 97% across the 4 PFCC measures with 92% of parents reporting the composite measure. In multivariable analyses, lower prevalence of high-quality PFCC was consistently observed among publicly insured children (relative to the privately insured, prevalence rate ratios ranging from 0.978 to 0.984 across the PFCC measures; 0.962 in the composite) and children living in families below the poverty line (children at ≥400% of the poverty line had 1.018–1.045 times the prevalence of high-quality PFCC across the PFCC measures; 1.056 in the composite). Conclusions Although prevalence rate ratio methodology revealed smaller and perhaps clinically insignificant disparities in US children's PFCC quality than previously portrayed, nonetheless, several statistically significant disparities remain. The most consistent disparities identify those most vulnerable to PFCC quality: publicly insured and impoverished children.
Punch in India: Another History of Colonial Politics?

These two initial statements, one with its condescending tenor, the other its silence, conveniently outline the neglect the numerous Indian Punch versions have suffered at the hand of critics and posterity. This denial runs counter to the attention generally paid to the press in accounts of colonial history.
Value and Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: The Boston Shoulder Institute Perspective

Healthcare delivery is undergoing a fundamental shift from traditional fee-for-service reimbursement toward a system focused on the creation of patient-centric value. Orthopedic surgeons will face increasing pressure to justify therapeutic interventions through expected improvements of clinical outcomes at lower costs. Consequently, increasing useof the reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in this environment necessitates a critical analysis of its economic value.
A new rauisuchid (Archosauria, Pseudosuchia) from the Upper Triassic (Norian) of New Mexico increases the diversity and temporal range of the clade

Rauisuchids are large (2-6 m in length), carnivorous, and quadrupedal pseudosuchian archosaurs closely related to crocodylomorphs. Though geographically widespread, fossils of this clade are relatively rare in Late Triassic assemblages. The middle Norian (∼212 Ma) Hayden Quarry of northern New Mexico, USA, in the Petrified Forest Member of the Chinle Formation, has yielded isolated postcranial elements and associated skull elements of a new species of rauisuchid. Vivaron haydeni gen. et. sp. nov. is diagnosed by the presence of two posteriorly directed prongs at the posterior end of the maxilla for articulation with the jugal. The holotype maxilla and referred elements are similar to those of the rauisuchid Postosuchus kirkpatricki from the southwestern United States, but V. haydeni shares several maxillary apomorphies (e.g., a distinct dropoff to the antorbital fossa that is not a ridge, a straight ventral margin, and a well defined dental groove) with the rauisuchid Teratosaurus suevicus from the Norian of Germany. Despite their geographic separation, this morphological evidence implies a close phylogenetic relationship between V. haydeni and T. suevicus. The morphology preserved in the new Hayden Quarry rauisuchid V. haydeni supports previously proposed and new synapomorphies for nodes within Rauisuchidae. The discovery of Vivaron haydeni reveals an increased range of morphological disparity for rauisuchids from the low-paleolatitude Chinle Formation and a clear biogeographic connection with high paleolatitude Pangea.