cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exercise and Functioning Level of Individuals with Severe Mental Illness: A Comparison of Two Groups

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if differences exist in the functioning level between adults with severe mental illness who participated in exercise activities and those who did not. The researchers assessed participants' levels of hygiene, nutrition, ability to hold a job, social situations, and pursuit of appropriate independence in a state hospital. The Current Evaluation of Risk and Functioning-Revised (CERF-R) assessed data. Participants engaging in exercise scored significantly (p > .01) better than non-exercise participants did on variables of hygiene (d = .81) and pursuit of appropriate independence (d = .71). The implications of the study are discussed for mental health counseling.
The Emergence of Population Health in US Academic Medicine: A Qualitative Assessment

Importance In response to rapidly growing interest in population health, academic medical centers are launching department-level initiatives that focus on this evolving discipline. This trend, with its potential to extend the scope of academic medicine, has not been well characterized. Objective To describe the emergence of departments of population health at academic medical centers in the United States, including shared areas of focus, opportunities, and challenges. Design, Setting, and Participants This qualitative study was based on a structured in-person convening of a working group of chairs of population health–oriented departments on November 13 and 14, 2017, complemented by a survey of core characteristics of these and additional departments identified through web-based review of US academic medical centers. United States medical school departments with the wordpopulationin their name were included. Centers, institutes, and schools were not included. Main Outcomes and Measures Departments were characterized by year of origin, areas of focus, organizational structure, faculty size, teaching programs, and service engagement. Opportunities and challenges faced by these emerging departments were grouped thematically and described. Results Eight of 9 population health–oriented departments in the working group were launched in the last 6 years. The 9 departments had 5 to 97 full-time faculty. Despite varied organizational structures, all addressed essential areas of focus spanning the missions of research, education, and service. Departments varied significantly in their relationships with the delivery of clinical care, but all engaged in practice-based and/or community collaboration. Common attributes include core attention to population health–oriented research methods across disciplines, emphasis on applied research in frontline settings, strong commitment to partnership, interest in engaging other sectors, and focus on improving health equity. Tensions included defining boundaries with other academic units with overlapping areas of focus, identifying sources of sustainable extramural funding, and facilitating the interface between research and health system operations. Conclusions and Relevance Departments addressing population health are emerging rapidly in academic medical centers. In supporting this new framing, academic medicine affirms and strengthens its commitment to advancing population health and health equity, to improving the quality and effectiveness of care, and to upholding the social mission of medicine.
Pursuing the common goods: An economic theory of collective action among NGOs in transnational advocacy

This article integrates previous research on NGO behaviour with economic theory on collective action to create a generalizable and predictive model of advocacy campaign growth. It identifies three ...
Recursive Bayesian Classification for Perception of Evolving Targets using a Gaussian Toroid Prediction Model

This paper proposes a probabilistic framework for classification of evolving targets, leveraging the principles of recursive Bayesian estimation in a perception-oriented context. By implementing a Gaussian toroid prediction model of the perception target’s evolution, the proposed recursive Bayesian classification (RBC) scheme provides probabilistically robust classification. Appropriate features are extracted from the target, which is then probabilistically represented in a belief space. This approach is capable of handling high-dimensional belief spaces, while simultaneously allowing for multi-Gaussian representation of belief without computational complexity that hinders real-time analysis. The proposed technique is validated over several parameter values by thousands of simulated experiments, where it is shown to outperform naive classification when high observational uncertainty is present.
Noninvasive assessment of abdominal adipose tissues and quantification of hepatic and pancreatic fat fractions in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate adipose tissue distributions and hepatic and pancreatic fat contents using a 6-point Dixon MRI technique in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to assess associations between fat distributions and biochemical markers of insulin resistance. Intra-abdominal MRI was investigated in 14 T2DM patients, 13 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) and 11 young HC using a 3 T Prisma MRI scanner. All T2DM subjects completed a fasting comprehensive metabolic panel, and demographic measurements were taken according to standardized methodologies. We observed excellent correlation (R2 = 0.94) between hepatic fat fraction quantified using 6-point Dixon MRI and gold standard MRS, establishing the accuracy and reliability of the Dixon technique. Significantly increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volumes were found in T2DM patients compared to age-matched HC (1569.81 ± 670.62 cm3 vs. 1106.60 ± 566.85 cm3, p = .04). We also observed a trend of increasing subcutaneous adipose tissues (SAT), and total abdominal fat (TAT) volumes in T2DM compared to age-matched HC. Hepatic fat fraction percentage (HFF%) was 44.6% higher in T2DM compared to age-matched HC and 64.4% higher compared to young HC. Pancreatic fat fractions in the head and body/tail were higher in T2DM patients compared to both healthy cohorts. We also observed correlations between fat contents of the liver and pancreas in T2DM patients, and association between biochemical markers of T2DM with HFF, indicating a risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among T2DM. In summary, this study provides evidence of T2DM patients having increased liver and pancreatic fat, as well as increased adipose tissues.
Antimicrobial use in wean to market pigs in the United States assessed via voluntary sharing of proprietary data

Data on antimicrobial use were collected for the 2016 and 2017 calendar years from swine producers in the United States. Nine large systems, collectively producing over 20 million market pigs annually, voluntarily provided data to advance understanding of antimicrobial use in the industry and to support antimicrobial stewardship initiatives. The scope of the study was limited to growing pigs, and the granularity of data varied across the systems. Data were summarized both qualitatively and quantitatively by antimicrobial class, active ingredient and route of administration (injection, water and feed). Data on the purpose of administration, doses and durations of administration were not available, but some information was provided by the responsible veterinarians. Aggregate data were similar both qualitatively and quantitatively in 2016 and 2017, although marked changes between years were evident within systems for some antimicrobials. Antimicrobial use (by weight) was dominated by the tetracycline class (approximately 60% of total use). Antimicrobials in classes categorized as critically important constituted 4.5% and 5.3% of total use in 2016 and 2017, respectively. In both years, fluoroquinolone (0.23%, 0.46%) and 3rd generation cephalosporin (0.15%, 0.11%) use collectively accounted for <1% of total use. Administration was predominantly oral in feed and water, and injection comprised approximately 2% of use overall, but around 12% for critically important antimicrobials. There was considerable variability among systems in patterns of antimicrobial use. This pilot project demonstrates the feasibility of acquiring antimicrobial use data via voluntary sharing. It is currently being expanded among larger swine production systems, and further efforts to enable confidential data sharing and benchmarking for smaller producers are being pursued by the swine industry. Recognized biases in the data caution against over-interpretation of these data as an index of national use.
State of telemedicine use in pediatric surgery in the USA-where we stand and what we can gain from the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review

Background Within the last decade, the use of telemedicine within in primary care in the USA has greatly expanded; however, use remains uncommon in surgical specialties. The spread of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prompted healthcare institutions to limit in-person contact, resulting in an increase in telemedicine across all specialties, including pediatric surgery. The aims of this review were to evaluate potential barriers that limited the use of telemedicine in pediatric surgery prior to the COVID-19 period and to define how best to incorporate its use into a pediatric surgical practice going forward. Methods A scoping review was performed to identify gaps in the literature pertaining to the use of telemedicine within general pediatric surgery in the USA prior to the outbreak of COVID-19. Next, a focused evaluation of the legislative and organizational policies on telemedicine was performed. Lastly, findings were summarized and recommendations for future research developed in the context of understanding and overcoming barriers that have plagued widespread adoption in the past. Results Despite evidence of telemedicine being safe and well received by adult surgical patients, a total of only three studies representing original research on the use of telemedicine within pediatric surgery were identified. Legislative and organizational policies regarding telemedicine have been altered in response to COVID-19, likely resulting in an increase in the use of telemedicine among pediatric surgeons. Conclusions Telemedicine offers a safe and effective option for patients seeking an alternative to the in-person clinic appointment. The increased utilization of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic will provide an opportunity to learn how best to leverage the technology to decrease disparities and to overcome previous barriers.
Reduced finitary incidence algebras and their automorphisms

Let I(P) denote the incidence algebra of a locally finite poset (P,≤) over a field F and ∼ some equivalence relation on the set of generators of I(P). Then I(P,∼) is the subset of I(P) of all the e...
Molecular cloning and enzymatic analysis of the rat homolog of "PhK-gamma T," an isoform of phosphorylase kinase catalytic subunit.

Abstract Messenger RNA encoding a protein kinase closely related to the catalytic subunit of skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase has previously been isolated from a human HeLa cell cDNA library, and cross-species Northern hybridization analysis has shown that the rat homolog of this transcript is abundant in the adult testis (Hanks, S.K. (1989) Mol. Endocrinol. 3, 110-116). We now propose that the protein encoded by this transcript be designated as "PhK-gamma T." In this article, the primary structure of the rat homolog of PhK-gamma T is described, as deduced from nucleotide sequences of cDNA and genomic clones. RNase protection analysis reveals that PhK-gamma T transcripts are actually present in a wide variety of adult rat tissues, but at levels 20-100-fold less than what is observed in the testis. In the testis, transcription of the PhK-gamma T gene is initiated at multiple sites as shown by RNase protection and primer extension. Enzymatic activity of PhK-gamma T was demonstrated using renatured bacterially expressed protein. In the presence of Ca2+/calmodulin, PhK-gamma T is able to efficiently phosphorylate glycogen phosphorylase and convert it from an inactive to an active form. We conclude that PhK-gamma T represents a true isoform of phosphorylase kinase catalytic subunit.
Heat Injury and Recovery of Vegetative Cells of Clostridium botulinum Type E

Vegetative cells of Clostridium botulinum type E (Tenno) were heated at 40.5 C in a prereduced peptone-yeast extract broth (PY). During the heating period, cell numbers remained essentially constant for 3 h as indicated by roll tube counts in PY agar (PYA); however, injury and recovery from injury were observed when the cells were enumerated using PYA containing either 0.06 or 0.07% bile salts.
Risk of Congestive Heart Failure in an Elderly Population Treated with Peripheral Alpha-1 Antagonists

Objectives: To compare the risk of congestive heart failure (CHF) in elderly individuals treated with any peripheral alpha-1 antagonist for hypertension with any thiazide, test whether the risk persists in subjects without cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline, and examine CHF risk in normotensive men with prostatism treated with alpha antagonists. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Four U.S. sites: Washington County, Maryland; Allegheny County, Pennsylvania; Sacramento County, California; and Forsyth County, North Carolina. Participants: A total of 5,888 community-dwelling subjects aged 65 and older. Measurements: Adjudicated incident CHF. Results: The 3,105 participants with treated hypertension were at risk for CHF; 22% of men and 8% of women took alpha antagonists during follow-up. The age-adjusted risk of CHF in those receiving monotherapy treated with alpha antagonists was 1.90 (95% confidence interval=1.03–3.50) compared with thiazides. In subjects without CVD at baseline receiving monotherapy, women taking an alpha antagonist had a 3.6 times greater age-adjusted risk of CHF, whereas men had no difference in risk. Adjustment for systolic blood pressure attenuated statistical differences in risk. There were 930 men without hypertension at risk for CHF; 5% used alpha antagonists during follow-up, with no observed increase in CHF risk. Conclusion: Subjects receiving alpha antagonist monotherapy for hypertension had a two to three times greater risk of incident CHF, also seen in lower-risk subjects, but differences in blood pressure control partly explained this.
Frameshift suppressors: III. Effects of suppressor mutations on transfer RNA☆

Abstract In frameshift suppressor strains, altered transfer RNA species have been identified by their altered chromatographic properties on benzoylated DEAE-cellulose columns. Suppressor mutations in the sufA and sufB genes affect the structure of two proline-specific tRNA's, and the sufD mutation affects the structure of a glycine tRNA. Strains carrying sufF may be defective in the enzymic modification of a second species of glycine tRNA.
Managerial risk perceptions of international entry‐mode strategies: The interaction effect of control and capability

Purpose – The primary purpose of this paper is to investigate how opportunity for control and firm capability interact to moderate the amount of risk that managers associate with various international entry‐mode strategies. A secondary goal is to investigate how managers perceive the need to retain control over three core functional areas (marketing, production, and R&D) when making entry‐mode decisions.Design/methodology/approach – A field experiment design was implemented in a sample of US business owner/executives. Using an online data collection method, the study asked a sample of small‐business owners and managers to assess the amount of risk they associated with three modes of entering the Japanese market: non‐ownership (export), equal partnership (50/50 joint‐venture), and sole‐ownership. They were also asked how much control they needed to retain over R&D, production, and marketing for the venture to be successful.Findings – Ownership‐provided control interacts with capability to influence manager...
Addition of an Ethylcopper Complex to 1‐Octyne: (E)‐5‐Ethyl‐1,4‐Undecadiene

Addition of an ethylcopper complex to 1-octyne: (E)-5-ethyl-1,4-undecadiene product: (E)-5-ethyl-1,4-undecadiene Keywords: addition, to CC; alkenylation, C-alkenylation; alkylation, C-alkylation; assay methods, for ethylmagnesium bromide with 2-butanol, 1,10-phenanthroline indicator; copper(I) bromide, dimethyl sulfide complex; diethyl ether; ethyl copper complex, preparation of; ethyl copper complex-1-octyne adduct, preparation of; sodium benzophenone ketyl, solution in diethyl ether; tetrahydro-1,3-dimethyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinone (DMPU); dimethyl sulfide, stench; hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA), toxicity; bath, cooling, refrigerated; stopcock to allow simultaneous addition of liquid reagents and inert gases
Re-Membering the body of the transcendent one

This paper is a re-memory of Sikh scripture from my perspective, which happens to be that of a Sikh female scholar. I borrow the term ‘semiotic’ from Julia Kristeva who distinguishes the Mother's free and primordial ‘semiotic’ language from that of the Father's divisive and oppressive ‘symbolic.’ So by using Kristeva's semiotic process we enter the elemental power of Sikh verse: we become sensitive to its sensuousness and sensuality and re-experience the full physicality, dynamism, and elan vital of the sacred words. Kristeva's ‘semiotic’ helps us realize that female is not set aside in the male compositions of the Sikh Gurus, and that ‘word’ and ‘flesh’ do meet in their expression of and quest for the transcendent Reality. A revised version of this paper appears in my book The Birth of the Khalsa: A Feminist Re-Memory of Sikh Identity (SUNY, 2005).
Conceptualizing and measuring external context in implementation science: Studying the impacts of regulatory, fiscal, technological and social change.

Researchers in the fields of implementation and improvement science have increasingly recognized the importance of context in understanding implementation processes and outcomes (Damschroder et al, 2009; Taylor et al, 2011; Kaplan et al, 2012). To date much of the attention in conceptualizing and measuring contextual factors has targeted internal context, including features of the organizational settings in which improvement and implementation processes occur. The theoretical literature also highlights the importance of external context, however, comprising features of the external environment. We identified several features of external context influencing the progress and success of an ongoing NIMH-funded hybrid effectiveness-implementation study of an innovative HIV/AIDS prevention program (Hamilton et al, 2014). This abstract presents a preliminary taxonomy and definitions of key dimensions of external context and describes the role of this taxonomy in augmenting and elaborating existing frameworks for context in implementation and improvement science.
La mirada desde la periferia: desarrollos en la historia de la frontera colombiana, desde 1970 hasta el presente

This article will analyze three fundamental changes which took place in the study of the Colombian borders from 1970 to 2003. Among the themes of study are the transformation of the notion of ‘border’ as a historical construction; the increase in the number of academic studies treating the history and the culture of formation of the Colombian borders; and, finally, the integration of these new studies about border with the body of Colombian historiography. The author’s conclusion suggests that the current tendencies continue to be in vogue, and will contribute to a better understanding of the Colombian past.
Effect of fiber coating on the fracture and fatigue resistance of SCS-6/Ti3Al composites

Abstract The effect of a Ag/Ta coating on the fracture resistance of a notched SCS-6 fiber-reinforced Ti 3 Al matrix composite under both static and fatigue loading was investigated. The crack propagation patterns and damage mechanisms under various loading conditions were characterized and compared with its uncoated composite counterparts. The results show that the Ag/Ta-coated composites exhibit a typical mode-1 failure pattern under both static and fatigue loading, while mixed mode-I and -II failure patterns were observed in the uncoated SCS-6/Ti-25-10 composite. Under fatigue loading, crack propagation was arrested at stress intensity levels up to 34 and 45 MPa m 1/2 for Ag/Ta-coated and uncoated SCS-6/Ti-25-10 composites, respectively. Localized interfacial debonding, matrix cracking and fiber bridging in the crack wake were the responsible damage mechanisms for the Ag/Ta-coated SCS-6/Ti-25-10 composite. Extensive interfacial debonding, crack splitting and branching, however, were found to be the dominant mechanisms in the uncoated SCS-6/Ti-25-10 composite. Modifications of interfacial bond strength and morphology so as to improve the mechanical properties of the Ag/Ta-coated SCS-6/Ti-25-10 composite can be achieved by thermal exposure at 800°C for up to 200 h.
Mechanism of Inclusion Damage in Laser Glass

The mechanism of inclusion damage in laser glass is associated with the temperature rise of particles, or surface regions of particles, relative to the surrounding glass. The particles of greatest concern are metallic, although at very high‐power levels ceramic inclusions containing large concentrations of highly absorbing ions can likewise result in failure. Solutions to the heat‐flow problems of a perfectly conducting sphere in a medium of finite conductivity and of the infinite composite solid indicate that temperatures of metal particles subject to a 20‐J/cm−2, 30‐nsec laser pulse can exceed 10 000°K for a range of particle sizes. These high temperatures produce stresses in the glass adjacent to the particles which can exceed the theoretical strength of the glass, and result in failure. The effects on the breakdown condition of flux level and pulse time, as well as the size, shape, thermal expansivity, and spectral emissivity of the particle, and the heat capacity and thermal conductivity of particle and glass are specified. Observations of damage morphologies are reported and related to the results of the calculations. A fatigue phenomenon is anticipated under certain conditions, and the phenomenon of phase separation is not expected to affect significantly the process of inclusion damage. Likely sources of metallic inclusion particles in laser glasses are considered, and melting conditions most suitable for their avoidance are discussed.
One-step multilevel microfabrication by reaction--diffusion.

A new experimental technique is described that uses reaction−diffusion phenomena as a means of one-step microfabrication of complex, multilevel surface reliefs. Thin films of dry gelatin doped with potassium hexacyanoferrate are chemically micropatterned with a solution of silver nitrate delivered from an agarose stamp. Precipitation reaction between the two salts causes the surface to deform. The mechanism of surface deformation is shown to involve a sequence of reactions, diffusion, and gel swelling/contraction. This mechanism is established experimentally and provides a basis of a theoretical lattice-gas model that allows prediction surface topographies emerging from arbitrary geometries of the stamped features. The usefulness of the technique is demonstrated by using it to rapidly prepare two types of mold for passive microfluidic mixers.
Intensive Mindfulness Training and the Reduction of Psychological Distress: A Preliminary Study

Abstract There is increasing evidence for the utility of mindfulness training as a clinical intervention. Most of this research has examined secular-based mindfulness instruction. The current study examined the effects of a 10-day Buddhist mindfulness meditation course on the psychological symptoms of 53 participants. A repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated reductions in overall psychological distress from the pre-course baseline to a 3-month follow-up. Correlation analyses indicated that the reported reduction in psychological distress was not influenced by social desirability bias and that the effect was not dependent on daily meditation between course completion and follow-up. Issues regarding modality of mindfulness training (secular versus Buddhist) are discussed.
Molecular Energy Transfer across Oxide Surfaces

The decay properties of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited state(s) of [Ru(bpy)2(4,4‘-(PO3H2)2bpy)](Br)2 adsorbed in nanoporous, thin ZrO2 films are complex. Decay kinetics are comparable under Ar or Ar-deaerated CH3CN suggesting that the complexes are imbedded in the open porous structures of the films. Average lifetimes are dependent on the extent of fractional coverage (FRuII) and emission maxima are time dependent. A model is invoked involving complex surface relaxation dynamics arising from a heterogeneity in adsorption sites and cross-surface RuII*-to-RuII migration and quenching at low-energy trap sites. On mixed surfaces containing both adsorbed RuII and [Os(bpy)2(4,4‘-(CO2H)2bpy)](PF6)2 (OsII), RuII*-to-OsII energy transfer occurs with ΔG° = −0.40 eV. On the basis of CW emission and lifetime measurements, the extent of quenching varies with the fractional surface coverage of OsII, FOsII. The average rate constant for energy transfer 〈ken〉 is exponentially dependent on distance r a...
Westward traveling planetary wave events in the lower thermosphere during solar minimum conditions simulated by SD-WACCM-X

Abstract We present numerical simulations with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, eXtended version (WACCM-X), whose dynamics is constrained by atmospheric specifications during recent and historical solar minimum conditions. The focus of this study is to describe how various dynamical conditions of boreal winter affect the dynamical behavior of the lower thermosphere (90–150 km). The model simulations are carried out during solar minimum conditions and the results shown here discuss the period January 1–March 30 for five years (1995, 1996, 2008, 2009, and 2010). These years were selected because they include boreal winters without stratospheric warming (1995 and 1996), with modest or normal stratospheric warming (2008 and 2010), and with a large and persistent stratospheric warming (2009). The ultimate goal of this study is to encapsulate the statistically significant dynamical behavior due to westward propagating, planetary-scale waves (wavenumber 1 and wavenumber 2) in the lower thermosphere that are associated with different stratospheric conditions. To this end we show that the westward zonal acceleration above about 80 km is by and large described by traveling waves with periods between 2 and 10 days. We show that the momentum carried by these waves is unlikely to affect directly the momentum budget of the extra-tropical lower thermosphere, where instead gravity-wave drag figures prominently. However, at the times leading to and following large stratospheric disturbances, we show prominent meridional propagation of wave activity from the mid-latitudes toward the tropics. In combination with strong eastward meridional wind shear, our results provide further evidence that such equatorward propagation of momentum in the lower thermosphere might influence the amplitude of equatorially trapped tides.
Structure of chemisorbed acetylene on the Si(001)-(2 × 1) surface and the effect of coadsorbed atomic hydrogen

Abstract The structure of chemisorbed acetylene on the Si(001)-(2 × 1) surface is investigated based on ab initio molecular-dynamics simulations according to the Car-Parrinello method and within the local-density approximation (LDA) to density-functional theory. The calculations reveal that the Si Si dimer bond is stable upon acetylene chemisorption resulting in the formation of a four-member disilacyclobutene ring. Coadsorption of two hydrogen atoms together with the acetylene molecule onto the Si Si dimer bonds results in cleavage of the Si Si bond and separation of the two silicon atoms by a distance equal to the second-nearest neighbor distance in bulk crystalline silicon.
Curvature of the Probability Weighting Function

When individuals choose among risky alternatives, the psychological weight attached to an outcome may not correspond to the probability of that outcome. In rank-dependent utility theories, including prospect theory, the probability weighting function permits probabilities to be weighted nonlinearly. Previous empirical studies of the weighting function have suggested an inverse S-shaped function, first concave and then convex. However, these studies suffer from a methodological shortcoming: estimation procedures have required assumptions about the functional form of the value and/or weighting functions. We propose two preference conditions that are necessary and sufficient for concavity and convexity of the weighting function. Empirical tests of these conditions are independent of the form of the value function. We test these conditions using preference "ladders" a series of questions that differ only by a common consequence. The concavity-convexity ladders validate previous findings of an S-shaped weighting function, concave up to p < 0.40, and convex beyond that probability. The tests also show significant nonlinearity away from the boundaries, 0 and 1. Finally, we fit the ladder data with weighting functions proposed by Tversky and Kahneman Tversky, Amos, Daniel Kahneman. 1992. Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty. J. Risk and Uncertainty5 297-323. and Prelec Prelec, Dražen. 1995. The probability weighting function. Unpublished paper..
Gas solubilities in a three-phase oil—water—surfactant system

Abstract One-atmosphere solubilities of three gases, argon, methane, and ethane, have been measured at 25°C in the oil-rich (O), water-rich (W), and middle phases of a Winsor type III three phase system composed of n -octane, an aqueous solution of sodium bromide, and a surfactant/cosurfactant blend of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and n -butanol. The solubilities measured in the (O) and (W) phases are substantially the same as those found for pure n -octane and dilute aqueous solutions of CTAB, while those determined for the middle phase are found to vary with n -octane content in a systematic manner. The middle-phase solubilities measured for these gases agree reasonably well with values calculated assuming that each of the liquid components present in the middle phase acts independently and contributes to the overall solubility as if it were present as a pure liquid.
The infrared spectrum of benzene in a solid HCl “matrix”

Abstract Studies are presented of the infrared absorption spectrum of benzene in an HCl “matrix” (HCl :benzene mole ratio of about 10:1). These results are compared in both frequency and intensity with the spectrum of crystalline benzene and of “glassy” benzene. The pathlengths needed to obtain the intensities of these thin solid films have been measured by observing interference fringes at a fixed wavelength as the film is deposited. In general, the spectra in all these phases (crystal benzene, “glassy” benzene, and complexed benzene) are similar. Splittings observed in the crystal disappear in the other two phases; otherwise frequencies are quite similar. A number of absorption bands, forbidden in the spectrum of the pure crystal, appear weakly in the “glass” and/or in the spectrum of benzene in the matrix. Also the intensity of the gas-phase allowed fundamentals ν18 and ν20, show a surprising decrease in the HCl matrix. The quantitative comparison of these relatively small changes observed in the spectrum of benzene in these different phases suggests benzene in the HCl matrix is in a site of approximately D6h symmetry, but is strongly perturbed.
Thought self-leadership: the impact of mental strategies training on employee cognition, behavior, and affect'

Thought self-leadership involves employee self-influence through cognitive strategies that focus on individual self-dialogue, mental imagery, beliefs and assumptions, and thought patterns. A training intervention-based field study with a control group was undertaken to empirically examine the applicability of thought self-leadership in an organizational setting (of bankruptcy financial status), and the potential for cognitions to be self-controlled. Results suggested that individuals who received the thought self-leadership training experienced increased mental performance, positive affect (enthusiasm), job satisfaction, and decreased negative affect (nervousness) relative to those not receiving the training. Additionally, the trainees reported a strong and positive reaction to the training. Finally, those who received the training experienced enhanced perceptions of self-efficacy and more optimistic perceptions of the organization's bankruptcy condition than those not receiving the training.
A Comparison of Valving Strategies Appropriate For Multimode Combustion Within a Downsized Boosted Automotive Engine—Part I: High Load Operation Within the Spark Ignition Combustion Regime

As future downsized boosted engines may employ multiple combustion modes, the goal of the current work is the definition of valving strategies appropriate for moderate to high load spark ignition (SI) combustion and for spark assisted compression ignition (SACI) combustion at low to moderate loads for an engine with variable valve timing capability and fixed camshaft profiles. The dilution and unburned gas temperature requirements for SACI combustion can be markedly different from those of SI; therefore it is important to ensure that a given valving strategy is appropriate for operation within both regimes. This paper compares one dimensional (1D) thermodynamic simulations of rated engine operation with positive valve overlap (PVO) and a baseline negative valve overlap (NVO) camshaft design in a boosted automotive engine with variable valve timing capability. Several peak lifts and valve open durations are investigated to guide the down-selection of camshaft profiles for further evaluation under SACI conditions in a companion paper.While the results of this study are engine specific, rated performance predictions show that the duration of both the intake and exhaust camshafts significantly impacts the ability to achieve high load operation. While it was noted that the flow through the exhaust valve chokes for the majority of the exhaust stroke for peak exhaust lifts less than 8 mm, the engine rating could be achieved with peak intake lifts as low as 4 mm. Therefore, camshafts with peak lifts of 8/4 mm exhaust/intake were down selected to facilitate multimode combustion operation with high levels of PVO. Analysis of high load operation with the down-selected camshafts indicates that peak unburned gas temperatures remain low enough to mitigate end-gas knock, while other variables such as peak cylinder pressure, turbine inlet temperature and turbocharger speed are all predicted to be within acceptable limits.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
De novo nonalcoholic fatty liver disease after liver transplantation.

Hepatic steatosis is a recognized problem in patients after orthotopic liver transplant (OLT). However, de novo development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been well described. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of de novo NAFLD after OLT. A retrospective analysis was performed on 68 OLT patients with donor liver biopsies and posttransplantation liver biopsies. Individual medical charts were reviewed for demographics, indication for OLT, serial histology reports, genotypes for hepatitis C, comorbid conditions, and medications. Liver biopsies were reviewed blindly and graded according to the Brunt Scoring System. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to study the risk factors for developing NAFLD. The interval time from OLT to subsequent follow-up liver biopsy was 28 ± 18 months. A total of 12 patients (18%) developed de novo NAFLD, and 6 (9%) developed de novo NASH. The regression model indicated that the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) was associated with a reduced risk of developing NAFLD after OLT (odds ratio, 0.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.010-0.92; P = 0.042). Increase in body mass index (BMI) of greater than 10% after OLT was associated with a higher risk of developing NAFLD (odds ratio, 19.38; 95% confidence interval, 3.50-107.40; P = 0.001). In conclusion, de novo NAFLD is common in the post-OLT setting, with a significant association with weight gain after transplant. The use of an ACE-I may reduce the risk of developing post-OLT NAFLD. Liver Transpl, 2006. © 2006 AASLD.
Dissociated personality: A case report

A case of dissociated personality is presented. Evidence is cited to indicate that the disorder existed before hospitalization. The characteristics of the secondary personalities are described. The regressive and incomplete nature of the latter are similar to those of other reported cases.
The effect of glucagon on the kinetics of hepatic mitochondrial calcium uptake.

Previous work by this and other laboratories has shown that glucagon administration stimulates calcium uptake by subsequently isolated hepatic mitochondria. This stimulation of hepatic mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake byin vivo administration of glucagon was further characterized in the present report. Maximal stimulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation was achieved between 6–10 min after the intravenous injection of glucagon into intact rats. Under control conditions, Ca2+ uptake was inhibited by the presence of Mg2+ in the incubation medium. Glucagon treatment, however, appeared to obliterate the observed inhibition by Mg2+ of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Kinetic experiments revealed the usual sigmoidicity associated with initial velocity curves for mitochondrial calcium uptake. Glucagon treatment did not alter this sigmoidal relationship. Glucagon treatment significantly increased the Vmax for Ca2+ uptake from 292±22 to 377±34 nmoles Ca2+ /min per mg protein (n=8) but did not affect the K0.5, (6.5–8.6 μM). Since the major kinetic change in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake evoked by glucagon is an increase in Vmax, the enhancement mechanism is likely to be an increase either in the number of active transport sites available to Ca2+ or in the rate of Ca2+ carrier movement across the mitochondrial membranes.
Empirical Analysis of Volatility and Co-movements in Serbian Frontier Financial Market: MGARCH Approach

This article presents an empirical calculation of volatility and co-movements for selected securities listed at the Belgrade Stock Exchange (www.belex.rs). It applied multivariate GARCH (MGARCH) models to the analysis of comovements in the Serbian frontier financial market. For the empirical work, bivariate and trivariate versions of the restricted BEKK, DVEC, and CCC models were used. Empirical results showed that MGARCH models overcome the usual concept of the time invariant correlation coefficient. Additionaly, the results show that the conditional variances and covariances between returns on the Serbian financial market exhibit significant changes over time.
Predictors of response after laparoscopic splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura.

Splenectomy has been shown to produce longterm remission in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). With the development of laparoscopic splenectomy, there is renewed interest in the surgical treatment of ITP. The aim of this study was to identify factors that are predictive of outcome after laparoscopic splenectomy for ITP. A case series of 67 consecutive patients with ITP undergoing laparoscopic splenectomy was reviewed. A positive response was defined as a postoperative platelet count greater than 150,000/μl requiring no maintenance medical therapy on follow-up evaluation. A chi-square test and a stepwise logistic regression analysis were performed for the following variables: age, gender, preoperative response to steroids, duration of disease, severity of preoperative bleeding, accessory spleens, and thrombocytosis on discharge. At a median follow-up period of 38 months (range, 2–56 months), 52 patients (78%) had a positive response to laparoscopic splenectomy. Of the 15 patients (22%) who did not have a positive response, 11 were refractory and 4 relapsed. All relapses occurred in patients with a platelet count less than 150,000/μl at discharge. Patient age was the most significant predictive factor for success or failure of the operation. The median age of the responders (31 years; range, 19–71 years) was significantly lower than the median age of the nonresponders (49 years; range, 24–62; p<0.001). Only 5.6% of those younger than 40 years did not have a positive response, compared with 42% of patients older than 40 years (p<0.05). Patient age was significantly associated with outcome on univariable chi-square analysis (p=0.001), and was the only significant factor on multivariable analysis (odds ratio, 2.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.71–4.1). Other significant predictors of outcome on univariable analysis were preoperative response to corticosteroids and platelet count on discharge. A long-lasting response after splenectomy for ITP is more likely to occur in patients younger than 40 years of age. To avoid the long-term side effects of corticosteroid use, early surgical referral of younger patients with ITP should be considered.
Transport of organic carbon in the Atchafalaya Basin, Louisiana

The Atchafalaya Basin comprises an 8 345 km2 lowland area within Louisiana. Annual organic carbon fluxes were determined for the 2 129 km2 Atchafalaya Basin Floodway (subject to frequent and prolonged natural flooding) and two subunits within the Floodway. Comparisons are made with an area not subject to extensive overflow due to its isolation from the Atchafalaya River by manmade levees. Comparisons are also made with some other areas reported in the literature. Overflow areas were found to have a large areal net export of dissolved organic carbon while the non-overflow area had a low net export. Areal export of particulate organic carbon was high in the non-overflow area while the overflow areas acted as sinks for particulate organic carbon. Prolonged overbank flooding, with the annual inundation of additional land areas and the decomposition of herbaceous materials and forest litter, renews the supply of organic carbon.
Matrix Effects in the Detection of Pb and Ba in Soils Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy:

With the use of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), the effects of chemical speciation and matrix composition on Pb and Ba measurements have been investigated by using sand and soil matrices. A cylindrical lens was used to focus the laser pulses on the samples because it yielded higher measurement precision than a spherical lens for the experimental conditions used here. The detection limits for Pb and Ba spiked in a sand matrix were 17 and 76 ppm (w/w), respectively. In spiked soil, the detection limits were 57 and 42 ppm (w/w) for Pb and Ba, respectively. Measurement precision for five replicate measurements was typically 10% RSD or less. Two factors were found to influence emissions from Pb and Ba present in sand and soil matrices as crystalline compounds: (1) compound speciation, where Ba emission intensities varied in the order carbonate > oxide > sulfate > chloride > nitrate, and where Pb emission intensities varied in the order oxide > carbonate > chloride > sulfate > nitrate; and (2) the composition of the bulk sample matrix. Emissions from Ba(II) correlated inversely with the plasma electron density, which in turn was dependent upon the percent sand in a sand/soil mixture. The analytical results obtained here show that a field-screening instrument based on LIBS would be useful for the initial screening of soils contaminated with Pb and Ba.
DATING THE DIALOGUE OF TIMOTHY AND AQUILA : REVISITING THE EARLIER VORLAGE HYPOTHESIS

The Dialogue of Timothy and Aquila (TA) is an anonymous, Jewish and Christian dialogue situated in Alexandria during Cyril's episcopacy (412–444 C.E.). It is preserved in eight Greek manuscripts, the earliest of which is an eighth- or ninth-century C.E. palimpsest,manuscript R, whose underwriting is sparse and difficult to decipher. The remaining manuscripts fall into two groups: those preserving the longer form of TA, manuscripts P and O from the eleventh century and manuscript V from the twelfth, and a group of three shorter recensions: manuscript Z from the twelfth century, and manuscripts M and E from the fifteenth century. Robert Robertson identified an eighth witness to TA, manuscript A from the twelfth century, which preserves unacknowledged excerpts of TA previously believed to be a corrupt witness to Epiphanius's Weights and Measures. While Angelo Mai published the first excerpts of TA in 1843,Angelo Mai, “Praefatio: De Quodam Dialogo,” in Spicilegium Romanum 9 (Rome: Typis Collegii Urbani, 1843) xi–xiii. Mai described TA as “aetatis ambiguitas” and did not identify his manuscript source. He printed only a title, the first half of verse 1.1a, and the last 16 verses (57.4–20). Reprinted in PG 86.1.l.251–54. and F. C. Conybeare presented the first unabridged edition in 1898,F. C. Conybeare, The Dialogues of Athanasius and Zacchaeus and Timothy and Aquila (Anecdota Oxoniensia, Classical Series 8; Oxford: Clarendon, 1898). it was not until 1986 that Robertson established a critical edition.Robert G. Robertson, “The Dialogue of Timothy and Aquila: A Critical Text, Introduction to the Manuscript Evidence, and an Inquiry into the Sources and Literary Relationships” (Th.D. diss., Harvard University, 1986) 1–49, provides a text-critical analysis of TA's manuscripts. Sigla (except Z) and versification follow Robertson's edition. See Pastis, “Representations,” 29–67, for additional discussion of the manuscripts and for a description of manuscript Z (not included by Robertson). He identified two principal manuscript families in his stemma of manuscripts.Robertson, “A Critical Text,” 47. In the AOM family, A, O share an exemplar that is prior to and directly related to the exemplar of manuscript M. In the PVE family the exemplar of E is also prior to and directly related to the exemplar of P, V.Ibid., 19: “There is no question … that in many places the text of O is definitely superior to that of PV.” Further (p. 48), “In a substantial number of readings,however, E agrees with O (M) against PV, thus demonstrating that E's archetype had not yet suffered the corruptions exhibited by the exemplar of PV.” He tentatively placed manuscript R “near the center of the textual tradition, between the archetype of O(M) and PVE, probably no more than one step removed from (a) [the archetype of all manuscripts].”Ibid., 48. Thus according to Robertson, the most trustworthy witnesses to TA are R, O, and E.
“You don't look like your profile picture”: the ethical implications of researching online identities in higher education

Social media sites and other contemporary technologies open the possibility for the construction of online identities that are loosely connected to physical bodies; this construction allows individuals to edit their identities constantly, in a continuous process of self-recreation. In parallel, universities utilise printed and electronic media to present themselves in the best light possible through the process of branding, which – it is argued here – constitutes an instance of hyper-real identity assemblage. This article explores the ethical implications of researching brand construction in university advertisements. The authors reflect upon the ethical implications of conducting educational research on university identities when such identities rely on the representations of racially minoritised students. Online identity construction through technology invites a discussion of postmodern notions of self and reality; this article presents an exploration of a postmodern ethics for educational research.