cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quaternary erosion and cosmic-ray-exposure history derived from 10Be and 26Al produced in situ—An example from Pajarito plateau, Valles caldera region

10 Be and 26 Al concentrations measured by accelerator mass spectrometry in 20 samples of quartz separated from rhyolitic volcanic ash-flow tuffs collected on the Pajarito plateau of the Valles caldera, New Mexico, were used to model time-integrated erosion rates and cosmic ray-exposure histories. The model erosion rates determined for different stratigraphic units within the Tshirege member, upper Bandelier Tuff, vary from 0.1 cm/ka for the resistant unit to 1.1 cm/ka for the softer unit. Intermediate erosion rates are thought to indicate earlier age cover by post-tuff lithologies of different hardness. The geographic distribution of these intermediate rates allows an approximate determination of the extent of material now gone (stratigraphic ghosts). Periods of burial can be determined from 26 Al/ 10 Be ratios. For the Pajarito plateau, burial most likely resulted from cover by soil and sediment held in place by vegetation. Our data allow us to model the duration and extent of thick forest cover, which today exists only at higher altitudes.
The personnel economics approach to public workforce research.

the field has developed its own sources of data that are different from those in labor economics. This has been a healthy development for the field, and one that is valuable when thinking about research on public sector workforces. I describe several types of datasets that might be collected and analyzed to study public sector workforces. That section is relatively lengthy compared with the other parts of this article, with the goal of spurring researchers to collect and analyze such data
Students' Perceptions of Faculty and Graduate Students as Classroom Teachers

Student ratings of the effectiveness of graduate student teaching versus faculty teaching were examined on seven occasions over an 8-year period. When all courses taught were considered, graduate student and faculty ratings were equivalent for six of the semesters in which student evaluations were conducted; on one occasion, the graduate students received significantly higher ratings than did the faculty. When only the ratings for introductory psychology courses were examined, results for graduate student teachers were significantly higher in four semesters; in three semesters, the ratings of the two groups were equivalent. There was a significant positive correlation of student evaluation ratings for individual faculty over time, but no such correlation for graduate students.
Improvement in high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells cathode performance with ammonium carbonate

Abstract Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells with optimized cathode structures can provide high performance at higher temperature (120 °C). A “pore-forming” material, ammonium carbonate, applied in the unsupported Pt cathode catalyst layer of a high temperature membrane electrode assembly enhanced the catalyst activity and minimized the mass-transport limitations. The ammonium carbonate amount and Nafion® loading in the cathode were optimized for performance at two conditions: 80 °C cell temperature with 100% anode/75% cathode R.H. and 120 °C cell temperature with 35% anode/35% cathode R.H., both under ambient pressure. A cell with 20 wt.% ammonium carbonate and 20 wt.% Nafion® operating at 80 °C and 120 °C presented the maximum cell performance. Hydrogen/air cell voltages at a current density of 400 mA cm−2 using the Ionomem/UConn membrane as the electrolyte with a cathode platinum loading of 0.5 mg cm−2 were 0.70 V and 0.57 V at the two conditions, respectively. This was a 19% cell voltage increase over a cathode without the “pore-forming” ammonium carbonate at the 120 °C operating condition.
Activation of a Subset of Genes by IFN-γ Requires IKKβ but Not Interferon-Dependent Activation of NF-κB

Activation of NF-κB requires the inhibitor of κB (IκB) kinase (IKK) complex, which is made up of two functional kinases, IKKα and IKKβ, and the scaffolding protein IKKγ. We recently identified seve...
Chirally selective, intramolecular interaction observed in an aminoacyl adenylate anhydride.

All earthly creatures use only L-amino acids in template directed protein synthesis. The reason for this exclusive use of the L-isomer is not yet apparent, although recent experiments by Usher and his colleagues have shown some stereoselctivity in the aminoacylation of di- and polynucleotides [1–3]. We have separately reported on intramolecular interactions between hydrophobic amino acid side chains and the adenine ring in aminoacyl adenylates [4]. There was a preferential association of Phe > Leu = Ile > Val with the adenine in these studies, but we made no attempts to address the question of D, L selectivity. Recently, in1H NMR studies of N-acetylphenylalanyl adenylate anhydride, we noticed evidence that both D- and L-isomers of the amino acid were present and, furthermore, that one isomer seemed to be associating with the adenine ring more strongly than the other. Using HPLC, we have separated the two diastereoisomers and have enzymatically determined that the isomer which associates more strongly is the biologically important one, the L-isomer. We present those studies here and discuss the evolutionary significance of this finding.
Spinal anesthesia reduces oxygen consumption in diabetic patients prior to peripheral vascular surgery.

Background and Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of spinal anesthesia in V2 in a uniform high-risk patient population and also the relationship between dermatomal level of block and VO2, neither of which has been investigated previously. Methods The effect of spinal anesthesia on VO2 was studied in 17 diabetic patients undergoing lower limb peripheral vascular surgery. Measurements were made before and 15 minutes after administration of a tetracaine spinal anesthetic. Values for VO2 and oxygen delivery (VO2) were derived from cardiac output as measured by thermodilution, hemoglobin concentration, and arterial and mixed venous blood gas analysis. The dermatomal level of the sensory block was determined by use of a hand-held nerve stimulator. Results Mean VO2 decreased by 27.7% (P = .001) (95% confidence limits, decrease of 22.4-90.4%). Mean ḊO2 and arterial blood gases were unchanged, and the mean postspinal oxygen extraction ratio (VOO2ḊO2) decreased by 20.5% (P = .002) (95% confidence limits, decrease of 9.1-32.3%). There was a relationship between changes in VOO2 and sensory block height (P = .029). Conclusions Spinal anesthesia in diabetic patients is associated with a reduction in VOO2, the extent of which appears to be, at least in part, a function of the level of spinal sensory block.
Consequences of missed opportunities for HIV testing during pregnancy and delayed diagnosis for Mexican women, children and male partners

Introduction HIV testing during pregnancy permits prevention of vertical (mother-to-child) transmission and provides an opportunity for women living with HIV to access treatment for their own health. In 2001, Mexico’s National HIV Action Plan committed to universal offer of HIV testing to pregnant women, but in 2011, only 45.6% of women who attended antenatal care (ANC) were tested for HIV. The study objective was to document the consequences of missed opportunities for HIV testing and counseling during pregnancy and late HIV diagnosis for Mexican women living with HIV and their families. Methods Semi-structured-interviews with 55 women living with HIV who had had a pregnancy since 2001 were completed between 2009 and 2011. Interviews were analyzed thematically using a priori and inductive codes. Results Consistent with national statistics, less than half of the women living with HIV (42%) were offered HIV testing and counseling during ANC. When not diagnosed during ANC, women had multiple contacts with the health-care system due to their own and other family members’ AIDS-related complications before being diagnosed. Missed opportunities for HIV testing and counseling during antenatal care and health-care providers failure to recognize AIDS-related complications resulted in pediatric HIV infections, AIDS-related deaths of children and male partners, and HIV disease progression among women and other family members. In contrast, HIV diagnosis permitted timely access to interventions to prevent vertical HIV transmission and long-term care and treatment for women living with HIV. Conclusions Omissions of the offer of HIV testing and counseling in ANC and health-care providers’ failure to recognize AIDS-related complications had negative health, economic and emotional consequences. Scaling-up provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling within and beyond antenatal care and pre-service and in-service trainings on HIV and AIDS for health-care providers can hasten timely HIV diagnosis and contribute to improved individual and public health in Mexico.
Evaluation of a Catalase-Based Urine Test for the Detection of Urinary Tract Infection in Dogs and Cats

Background Bacterial infection of the urinary tract is a common disorder in dogs and cats. Although microscopic examination of urine sediment is routinely used to screen for infection, this test can lack sensitivity or require expertise. A reliable in-clinic screening test would be a useful adjunct for the identification of dogs and cats with bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI). Hypothesis That a catalase-based urine test (Accutest Uriscreen™) is a more sensitive screening test for UTI in dogs and cats than urine microscopic sediment examination. Animals One hundred and sixty client-owned dogs and cats. Methods Surplus urine from animals presented to a veterinary teaching hospital was used in this prospective observational study. A routine urinalysis, aerobic bacterial culture, and the Uriscreen test were performed on cystocentesis samples. Sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals and positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated for Uriscreen and microscopic sediment examination using culture results as the gold standard. Results Bacterial culture was positive in 27/165 (16.4%) samples. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios for the Uriscreen were 89%, 71%, 3.0, and 0.15, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios for urine sediment microscopic examination were 78%, 90%, 7.8, and 0.24, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The Uriscreen is a more sensitive screening test for UTI in dogs and cats than sediment examination; however, the urine sediment examination was more specific. A negative Uriscreen result helps exclude UTI; however, urine bacterial culture is still necessary to exclude or confirm UTI in all cases.
Carbazole donor and carbazole or bithiophene bridged sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells

Abstract Three metal-free organic sensitizers consisting of carbazole as an electron donor, carbazole or bithiophene as the linker and cyanoacrylic acid as the electron acceptor and anchoring groups were designed and synthesized for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The sensitizers were characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR, MALDI-TOF (or HRMS), UV–Vis, photoluminescence, and electrochemistry. The HOMO and LUMO electron distributions of the sensitizers were calculated using density functional theory on a B3LYP level for geometry optimization. The photovoltaic performance of the sensitizers in operational liquid junction-based DSSCs under AM 1.5 G one-sun excitation (100 mW/cm 2 ) indicate that the sensitizers are promising candidates for use in DSSCs. Sensitizers 1 and 2 produce a power conversion efficiency of 2.70% with a maximum IPCE of 75% at 450 nm, while sensitizer 3 has a power conversion efficiency of 2.23% with a maximum IPCE of 66% at 440 nm. The sensitizers thus exhibit excellent photon-to-current conversion efficiencies in the blue region of the spectrum and serve as candidates for further strategic optimization in tandem cells.
HIV-inducing factor in cervicovaginal secretions is associated with bacterial vaginosis in HIV-1-infected women.

Many lines of evidence indicate that sexually transmitted infections may enhance sexual HIV-1 transmission.1 Nine epidemiologic studies have been interpreted to suggest that bacterial vaginosis (BV) increases women’s susceptibility to vaginally transmitted HIV-1 infection,2–10 although another study has not found such an effect.11 Unlike other sexually transmitted infections associated with HIV-1 transmission,12,13 BV is neither an inflammatory nor an ulcerative condition. The biologic mechanism through which BV might affect transmission is therefore uncertain. In 1997, Spear and colleagues14 reported that cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) fluid from some HIV-1–infected and uninfected women increased HIV-1 replication in vitro. This in vitro activity was attributed to an HIV-inducing factor (HIF) in CVL fluid. The effect was increased when the original CVL fluid samples with activity were heated. As reported in the initial study, HIF was more often present in CVL fluid obtained from women with vaginitis or vaginosis than from women without vaginal abnormalities. A subsequent study of 26 CVL fluid specimens obtained from 17 women found a statistically significant association of HIF with a vaginal fluid pH >4.5 and Nugent criteria for BV.15 Therefore, laboratory studies suggest that BV could enhance in vivo HIV-1 replication, providing a possible mechanism whereby BV could increase sexual transmission of HIV-1. We analyzed data and specimens collected in a large cross-sectional study of HIV-1 in the female reproductive tract16 to confirm the association between HIF and BV in a much larger group of women, to investigate the effect of heating CVL fluid on HIF, and to assess the relation between HIF and genital tract HIV-1 shedding.
Large display interaction via multiple acceleration curves and multifinger pointer control

Large high-resolution displays combine high pixel density with ample physical dimensions. The combination of these factors creates a multiscale workspace where interactive targeting of on-screen objects requires both high speed for distant targets and high accuracy for small targets. Modern operating systems support implicit dynamic control-display gain adjustment (i.e., a pointer acceleration curve) that helps to maintain both speed and accuracy. However, large high-resolution displays require a broader range of control-display gains than a single acceleration curve can usably enable. Some interaction techniques attempt to solve the problem by utilizing multiple explicit modes of interaction, where different modes provide different levels of pointer precision. Here, we investigate the alternative hypothesis of using a single mode of interaction for continuous pointing that enables both (1) standard implicit granularity control via an acceleration curve and (2) explicit switching between multiple acceleration curves in an efficient and dynamic way. We evaluate a sample solution that augments standard touchpad accelerated pointer manipulation with multitouch capability, where the choice of acceleration curve dynamically changes depending on the number of fingers in contact with the touchpad. Specifically, users can dynamically switch among three different acceleration curves by using one, two, or three fingers on the touchpad.
I don't feel that about environmental psychology today. But I want to

Abstract Environmental psychology— psychogeography as many geographers called it-was a politically motivated attempt on the part of academicians of the late 1960s to transform their study into a form of praxis, with consequences for the choice of subjects (more naturally occurring) and methods (more ethological). In geography, theoretical foundations were perceived in the work, among others, of Carl Sauer and J. K. Wright, while William Bunge exemplified the possibilities of geography as praxis. The joint venture was exciting, not because it was new, but because it was perceived as having consequences in the world of action. This shaped the work more than anything. Contemporary work lacks these qualities. In a phrase, it doesn't matter . It needs to.
Thermodynamic Properties of Brucite Determined by Solubility Studies and Their Significance to Nuclear Waste Isolation

Solubility experiments were conducted for the dissolution reaction of brucite, Mg(OH)2 (cr): Mg OH ðÞ 2 cr ðÞ þ 2H þ ¼ Mg 2þ þ 2H2O. Experiments were conducted from undersaturation in deionized (DI) water and 0.010-4.4 m NaCl solutions at 22.5C. In addition, brucite solubility was measured from supersaturation in an experiment in which brucite was precipitated via dropwise addition of 0.10 m NaOH into a 0.10 m MgCl2 solution also at 22.5C. The attainment of the reversal in equilibrium was demonstrated in this study. The solubility constant at 22.5C at infinite dilution calculated from the experimental results from the direction of supersaturation by using the specific interaction theory (SIT) is: log K � s ¼ 17:2 � 0: 22 r ðÞ with a corresponding value of 17.0 ± 0.2 (2r) when extrapolated to 25C. The dimensionless standard chemical potential (l/RT) of brucite derived from the solubility data in 0.010 m to 4.4 m NaCl solutions from under- saturation extrapolated to 25 Ci s-335.76 ± 0.45 (2r), with the corresponding Gibbs free energy of formation of brucite, Df G �:15;brucite, being -832.3 ± 1.1 (2r) kJ mol -1 .I n combination with the auxiliary thermodynamic data, the log Kis calculated to be 17.1 ± 0.2 (2r), based on the above Gibbs free energy of formation for brucite. This study recommends an average value of 17.05 ± 0.2 in logarithmic unit as solubility constant of brucite at 25C, according to the values from both supersaturation and undersaturation.
On the Wave Impedance for Power Lines

Expressions for the wave impedance of traveling wave current on a single wire power line for frequencies in the 100 Hz-l MHz range are derived. The wave impedance (Z z ) is defined as the ratio of the vertical electric and the horizontal magnetic fields. A simple expression for Z z is given which is accurate to within 10%. A favorable comparison is made with experimental results. It is shown that Z z is usually significantly larger than the free space wave impedance (120?). However, for measurements in the AM broadcast band, 10-20 meters from the wire, 120?is a fair approximation to the wave impedance.
Three mutually orthogonal Latin squares

Abstract In a famous paper [3], Bose, Shrikhande, and Parker proved the existence of a pair of orthogonal Latin squares of order v for all v ≠ 2,6. In the present paper it is shown that there exist three mutually orthogonal Latin squares for all v ≡ 0,1 (mod 4). This result will be needed in several future papers on the covering of pairs by quadruples.
Coherent states of the driven Rydberg atom: Quantum-classical correspondence of periodically driven systems

A methodology to calculate generalized coherent states for a periodically driven system is presented. We study wave packets constructed as a linear combination of suitable Floquet states of the three-dimensional Rydberg atom in a microwave field. The driven coherent states show classical space localization, spreading, and revivals and remain localized along the classical trajectory. The microwave strength and frequency have a great effect in the localization of Floquet states, since quasienergy avoided crossings produce delocalization of the Floquet states, showing that tuning of the parameters is very important. Using wavelet-based time-frequency analysis, the classical phase-space structure is determined, which allows us to show that the driven coherent state is located in a large regular region in which the $z$ coordinate is in resonance with the external field. The expectation values of the wave packet show that the driven coherent state evolves along the classical trajectory.
First order generalized symmetries of Maxwell's equations

Abstract The results of the calculation of first order generalized symmetries of Maxwell's equations in vacuum are summarized. The Lie algebra structure of the symmetries is also discussed.
Sex and strain differences in mouse kidney: Bowman's capsule morphology and susceptibility to chloroform

Chloroform (CHCl3) produces liver damage in male and female mice but renal injury only in male mice. Previous reports demonstrated that the parietal epithelium of Bowman's capsule in female mice is composed of squamous cells, whereas the parietal cells of Bowman's capsule from male mice consist of a mixture of squamous and cuboidal cells or purely cuboidal cells. These data suggested that the factor(s) associated with these histological differences may similarly be associated with factors that determine susceptibility to tubular damage from chloroform. The susceptibility of male mice to chloroform nephrotoxicity varies with animal strain. In the present study, administration of CHCl3 to male C57BL/6J (C57) and male and female DBA/2J (DBA) mice produced dose-dependent kidney tubular damage in male C57 and male DBA mice. However, CHCl3 nephrotoxicity was considerably greater in male DBA mice than in male C57 mice. Female DBA mice failed to develop renal damage following administration of CHCl3. Male DBA mice had a higher percentage of cuboidal parietal epithelial cells in Bowman's capsule whereas male C57 mice had a higher percentage of squamous cells in the parietal epithelium. The parietal epithelium in Bowman's capsule of female DBA mice was predominantly squamous. Since morphological differences between sex and strain of mice occurred in the capsular epithelium, and the differences in susceptibility to CHCl3 appear to be a tubular phenomenon, it is unlikely that there is a causal relationship between the structure of Bowman's capsule and chloroform-induced renal tubular necrosis; rather, these two independent phenomena are regulated by some common factor(s), possibly testosterone.
On green line suppression in type-B aurorae

Abstract A new mechanism is proposed for green (λ5577) line suppression in type-B aurorae, based on experimental evidence that recombination of O 2 + with ionospheric electrons is the dominant source of the 1 S state of the OI in aurorae. The mechanism depends on the rapid increase of the negative ion-electron ratio below the O 2 -O transition region at night which is predicted by the current negative ion chemistry model of the D -region.
Protective anti-sporozoite antibodies induced by a chemically defined synthetic vaccine.

Abstract Chemically defined synthetic polymers, known as multiple antigen peptide systems (MAPs) represent an effective and novel approach for engineering peptide-based vaccines. Ten different mono and di-epitope MAP models, containing different arrangements and stoichiometry of functional B and/or T helper epitopes from the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium berghei were used to immunize mice. High titers of antibody and protective immunity against sporozoite challenge were elicited by MAPs containing T and B epitopes arranged in tandem and in equimolar amounts. These results indicate that MAPs may serve as a basis for developing subunit vaccines to induce high levels of antibodies against sporozoites.
Unique aspects of impulsive traits in substance use and overeating: specific contributions of common assessments of impulsivity.

AbstractBackground: Impulsivity is a complex trait often studied in substance abuse and overeating disorders, but the exact nature of impulsivity traits and their contribution to these disorders are still debated. Thus, understanding how to measure impulsivity is essential for comprehending addictive behaviors. Objectives: Identify unique impulsivity traits specific to substance use and overeating. Methods: Impulsive Sensation Seeking (ImpSS) and Barratt’s Impulsivity scales (BIS) Scales were analyzed with a non-parametric factor analytic technique (discriminant correspondence analysis) to identify group-specific traits on 297 individuals from five groups: Marijuana (n = 88), Nicotine (n = 82), Overeaters (n = 27), Marijuauna + Nicotine (n = 63), and Controls (n = 37). Results: A significant overall factor structure revealed three components of impulsivity that explained respectively 50.19% (pperm < 0.0005), 24.18% (pperm < 0.0005), and 15.98% (pperm < 0.0005) of the variance. All groups were significantl...
Interest rate policy, effective demand, and growth in LDCs

Orthodox criticisms of ‘financial repression’ in LDCs argue that interest rate liberalization promotes investment and economic growth by increasing the supply of bank credit and improving the efficiency of credit allocation. The present paper develops a Kaleckian model in which increases in deposit interest rates may lower investment and growth by placing downward pressure on effective demand – even if interest rate liberalization results in decreased borrowing costs. The focus of the Kaleckian model on effective demand issues is then contrasted with prior criticisms of the proliberalization view. Finally, the relevance of the Kaleckian approach is demonstrated in connection with the important role of effective demand and distributional effects in the failure of the Chilean financial liberalization to promote a stable growth of output and investment.
Wanted: A New Literacy for the Information Age

School leaders must understand and advocate the new literacy as a learn ing model that will prepare students for the twenty-first century.
Hamster tumors induced by type I avian adenovirus (CELO). I. Histopathology and neoantigen of virus-induced and transplanted tumors.

Hamster tumors induced either by CELO virus or by transplants of CELO virus-induced tumors were studied grossly, histologically and by immunofluorescence. Regardless of the material used for induction, the histological pictures were similar. All tumors were fibrosarcomas showing varying degrees of differentiation. However, slight variations were noted between virus-induced and transplanted tumors. These included increased cellular pleomorphism with prominent bizarre giant cells in the virus-induced tumors, and increased mitotic activity in the transplants. In both types of tumors, immunofluorescence occurred within the cytoplasm at the nuclear envelope. Viral antigen was not demonstrable by immunofluorescence.
The Use of Perchloryl Fluoride in Flame Photometry

Perchloryl fluoride and hydrogen as a gas combination burned in a modified Beckman burner produces an easily controlled, bluish flame with sufficiently low background for use as an excitation source. A survey of the type of spectra produced by the hydrogen-perchloryl fluoride flame with various series of solutions of metallic salts was performed to determine the effectiveness of this gas combination in flame photometric analyses. A comparison of the various lines and bands produced upon excitation of samples by three gas combinations was made. These included acetylene-oxygen, hydrogen-fluorine, and hydrogen-perchloryl fluoride gas combinations. From this comparison, one observes that primarily atomic line and metal oxide band radiation is produced by the acetylene-oxygen flame and primarily atomic line and metal fluoride and chloride band radiation is produced by the hydrogen-perchloryl fluoride flame. The hydrogen-fluorine flame produced primarily atomic line and metal fluoride band radiation for the elements studied. Both the hydrogen-fluorine and the hydrogen-perchloryl fluoride flames are capable of producing the same type of radiation, however, the lines and bands produced by the former are generally more intense. It should be noted that, in general, the solvent does not effect the type of radiation observed for a particular element when excited with the hydrogen-perchloryl fluoride flame, but the organic solvents seem to produce higher intensity under similar conditions.
Ligand binding by estrogen receptor beta attached to nanospheres measured by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy.

Although many indirect methods have been chosen to study the system of estrogen receptor ligand binding, an ideal method is fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). FCS is nondestructive to the sample, uses very small sample volumes, and operates well within physiological concentration ranges. The methodology was developed to biotinylate the estrogen receptor β-ligand binding domain (ERβ-LBD) using biotin with a very short spacer and to then attach this protein to a 40 nm neutravidin-coated bead (nanosphere). Diffusional FCS data were obtained for a fluorescently labeled coactivator peptide, steroid receptor coactivator peptide-1 (A-SRC-1(2)), in the absence and presence of bead-bound ERβ-LBD. Data were also acquired in the presence of one of the endogenous ligands for ERβ, 17β-estradiol, and with tamoxifen. The bead strategy resulted in a decreased receptor diffusion coefficient and consequent increase in the decay time of the FCS autocorrelation functions for receptor-bound, labeled SRC-1(2). Thus, free and bound coactivators were much more readily distinguished by FCS. Discrimination between the fluorescently labeled unbound and bound species could be determined in autocorrelation functions obtained in as few as 30 s. The advantage of using FCS with the ERβ-LBD: bead methodology is the ability to obtain reliable and reproducible data in a short time frame. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
The raven's progressive matrices: Its usefulness for identifying gifted/talented students

(1993). The raven's progressive matrices: Its usefulness for identifying gifted/talented students. Roeper Review: Vol. 15, Longitudinal Studies in Gifted Education, pp. 183-186.
Characterization of Two 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide Ribonucleotide Transformylase/Inosine Monophosphate Cyclohydrolase Isozymes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADE16and ADE17 genes encode 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase isozymes that catalyze the penultimate step of the de novo purine biosynthesis pathway. Disruption of these two chromosomal genes results in adenine auxotrophy, whereas expression of either gene alone is sufficient to support growth without adenine. In this work, we show that anade16 ade17 double disruption also leads to histidine auxotrophy, similar to the adenine/histidine auxotrophy ofade3 mutant yeast strains. We also report the purification and characterization of the ADE16 and ADE17gene products (Ade16p and Ade17p). Like their counterparts in other organisms, the yeast isozymes are bifunctional, containing both 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase and inosine monophosphate cyclohydrolase activities, and exist as homodimers based on cross-linking studies. Both isozymes are localized to the cytosol, as shown by subcellular fractionation experiments and immunofluorescent staining. Epitope-tagged constructs were used to study expression of the two isozymes. The expression of Ade17p is repressed by the addition of adenine to the media, whereas Ade16p expression is not affected by adenine. Ade16p was observed to be more abundant in cells grown on nonfermentable carbon sources than in glucose-grown cells, suggesting a role for this isozyme in respiration or sporulation.
The compensation conundrum: Does the hospitality industry shortchange its employees—and itself?

Abstract A comparison of salaries paid for jobs in the hospitality industry versus those in other industries showed that the hospitality positions on average paid less for comparable positions. The only exception was that both the hospitality industry and the comparison group (N = 140) paid about the same amount for low-level jobs—probably due to minimum-wage laws. For upper-level positions, however, the comparison showed a noticeable difference between the two groups. To assess the extent to which jobs are comparable, the author compared the knowledge, skills, and abilities (or human capital) needed for each set of jobs. For jobs in the midpoint of the human-capital scale, hospitality-industry wages averaged about 85 percent of wages paid in other industries. Hospitality-industry wages fell even shorter at the top of the human-capital scale, standing at an average of 78 percent of compensation for top positions found in the sample of other industries. As a practical matter, such pay disparities encourage the best-qualified candidates to choose employment in other industries.
A Monumental Study—Reconstruction of a 1920 Granite Shed

A small granite shed in Barre, Vermont was operated for one week without any ventilation, protecting the granite cutters by means of respirators. “Respirable” dust concentrations up to 49 mg/m3 and “respirable” free silica concentrations up to 4.4 mg/m3 were observed. Average respirable dust concentrations were 10 to 20 mg/m3 of which 15% was free silica. Under the conditions of the study, it appeared that 10 mppcf of granite dust was equivalent to about 0.2 mg/m3 of “respirable” free silica. Implications for the quartz TLV are discussed.
Non-small cell lung cancer: adjuvant and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy.

Abstract: Of all cancers, non-small cell lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed and is the deadliest. With a dismissal survival rate even in the early stages of disease, investigations of adjuvant and neo-adjuvant therapy have not had much impact until the 21st century. Starting in 2004, several randomized trials have shown significant improvements in survival treating patients with stage II and III disease. Adjuvant chemotherapy remains controversial in patients with stage I disease, in which most trials have not demonstrated a survival advantage. Investigators are studying molecular and genetic factors, which may predict who might benefit most from adjuvant therapy. While adjuvant therapy is now standard, neo-adjuvant therapy either with chemotherapy alone or with concurrent chemotherapy and radiation has shown promise, but has yet to become a clear standard of care. Data are presented to support the standard use of adjuvant therapy in patients with stage II and III disease, as well as data supporting the use of neo-adjuvant therapy in selected patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
A critical review on the performance and design of combined cooled ceiling and displacement ventilation systems

This paper reviews the studies and design of cooled ceiling and displacement ventilation (CC/DV) systems in buildings. If properly designed, the combined CC/DV systems can provide better indoor air quality and thermal comfort level compared to the widely used variable air volume (VAV) mixing systems. The cooling load removed by DV is a key design parameter. A low DV load has a positive effect on thermal comfort due to a small vertical temperature gradient, yet also has a negative effect on indoor air quality due to the increased mixing of room air. The impact of the room height on the temperature and contaminant concentration profiles is negligible in the occupied zone. The CC/DV systems are more effective in removing active contaminants (as indicated by CO2) than passive contaminants (e.g. VOCs). The condensation risk on the chilled ceiling panel is high because of the high humidity ratio in the region close to the panel. To prevent condensation on the panel, it is important to properly control the system for transient regimes, such as startup and shutdown periods, and to minimize infiltration of humid outdoor air. Whether a CC/DV system may or may not reduce energy consumption depends on the supply air temperature, outdoor airflow rate, and cooling load. Therefore, it is necessary to develop design guidelines for CC/DV systems for US buildings because the climate, building layout, and cooling load can be different from those studied elsewhere.
Long-term Results of Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation for Uveitic Glaucoma

Purpose To present long-term outcomes of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation for uveitic glaucoma. Design Interventional case series. Methods Retrospective chart review of 60 patients (60 eyes) with uveitic glaucoma who underwent Ahmed valve implantation over a four-year period at a tertiary uveitis referral center. Success definition 1 included patients with an intraocular pressure (IOP) between 5 and 21 mm Hg, reduced by 25% from that before implantation. Success definition 2 (qualified success) excluded those patients in whom serious complications occurred. Results Mean follow-up time was 30 months (range, six to 87 months; four-year results relate to a cohort of 15 patients). Success rates were 77% and 50% and qualified success rates were 57% and 39% at one and four years, respectively. At four years, 74% of the patients required glaucoma medication to maintain IOP control. The overall complication rate was 12%/person-years. The rate of visual acuity loss was 4%/person-years; that was most commonly attributed to corneal complications that were more likely to occur in patients with preoperative corneal disease (P = .01, Fisher exact test). Conclusions Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation is a safe yet moderately successful procedure for uveitic glaucoma. Long-term success rates are enhanced with the use of glaucoma medications, and corneal complications are the most common of all potential serious complications.
Generating a sense of community in a graduate educational setting through persuasive technology

This study posits Blogs and Podcasts can be used to persuade students in one school to have more sense of community among their group. We designed and developed the WordPress MU based artifact, SISATSpace, to extend students' conversations and foster academic and friendly relationships. SISATSpace might be consider as a persuasive tool, medium, and social actor. The results from this study show that the system can change the attitude and behavior of the community at SISAT into one that fostered a psychological sense of community amongst its members.
On the duality of the facial nerve ganglion

Objectives Describe quantitatively the number of ganglion cells in the geniculate (G) and meatal (M) segments of the human facial nerve. Study design One hundred human temporal bone specimens that were sectioned horizontally and stained with hematoxylin and eosin were selected from a temporal bone collection on the basis of minimal artifact and absence of pathology involving the facial nerve. Methods Cells with a nucleolus in all sections through the facial nerve were projected on tracing paper with a camera lucida and counted manually. A modified Abercrombie technique was employed to compute total cells in the G and M segments. Results Ages of patients ranged from 1 month to 92 years; the male-to-female ratio was 56:44. The total number of cells in individual temporal bones ranged from 589 to 4183 (mean, 2162 cells). The range of cells in the G ganglion was from 66 to 4017 (mean, 1713 cells); in the M ganglion the number ranged from 0 to 2764 (mean, 448 cells). There was no correlation of total ganglion cell number to age or sex. The majority of cells were found in the G ganglion in 88% of temporal bones. In 8% temporal bones the majority of cells were in the M ganglion and in 4% the M and G ganglions contained an equal number of cells. Conclusions The facial nerve sensory ganglion consists of two components: G and M. The G ganglion outnumbers the M component in the majority of temporal bones (88%). The M ganglion was equal to or greater in number than the G ganglion in 12% of temporal bones.
Response of a partially penetrating well in a heterogeneous aquifer: integrated well-face flux vs. uniform well-face flux boundary conditions

A two-dimensional integrated well-face flux (IWFF) model is developed for computing the drawdown at the well-face and around a fully or partially penetrating well with wellbore storage, situated in a layered confined aquifer. In this model, we calculate drawdown and well-face flux distributions by numerically solving a two-dimensional diffusion equation in cylindrical coordinates subject to appropriate initial and boundary conditions and to the well-face boundary constraint of an integrated well-face flux rather than the physically inconsistent uniform well-face flux boundary condition (the UWFF model). The differences between the IWFF and UWFF models in a partially penetrating well situated in a homogeneous isotropic aquifer are insignificant for wellbore drawdown (less than 3%) but are pronounced for the well-face flux. In fact, the latter strongly deviates from uniformity as the ratio of the screen length to the aquifer thickness decreases. For partially penetrating wells situated in multilayer aquifers, significant differences between the two models may arise, especially if the screen is not located in the most conductive layer. These differences depend on the hydraulic conductivity contrast of the adjacent layers. Consequently, the uniform well-face flux boundary condition should be used with extreme caution.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 10-CF3CO-DDACTHF analogues and derivatives as inhibitors of GAR Tfase and the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway.

Abstract The synthesis and evaluation of analogues and key derivatives of 10-CF 3 CO-DDACTHF as inhibitors of glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (GAR Tfase) and aminoimidazole carboxamide transformylase (AICAR Tfase) are reported. Polyglutamate analogues of 1 were evaluated as inhibitors of Escherichia coli and recombinant human (rh) GAR Tfase, and AICAR Tfase. Although the pentaglutamate 6 was found to be the most active inhibitor of the series tested against rhGAR Tfase ( K i =0.004 μM), little distinction between the mono–pentaglutamate derivatives was observed ( K i =0.02–0.004 μM), suggesting that the principal role of the required polyglutamation of 1 is intracellular retention. In contrast, 1 and its defined polyglutamates 3 – 6 were much less inactive when tested against rhAICAR Tfase ( K i =65–0.120 μM) and very selective (≥100-fold) for rh versus E. coli GAR Tfase. Additional key analogues of 1 were examined ( 7 and 8 ) and found to be much less active (1000-fold) highlighting the exceptional characteristics of 1 .
Effects of a massive swarm of ants on ammonium concentrations in a subalpine lake

On two occasions in August 1979, massive aerial swarms of Lasius alienus (Foerster) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) occurred over Castle Lake, California. Each event resulted in the delivery of millions of ants to the lake surface. Consumption and subsequent excretion by fish, in addition to direct release from ants, produced a brief, but marked increase in water column ammonium levels. Castle Lake phytoplankton are often nitrogen limited and possess a high affinity for ammonium. The events and effects are described and discussed with respect to nutrient limitation in an unproductive ecosystem.
Bs Lifetime Difference Measurements from the Tevatron

The two collider experiments at the Tevatron, CDF and DO, have made a lot of progress in Bs lifetime difference measurements. Here, we have included 3 different channels of measurements, namely, B s → J / ψ + ϕ , B s → K + K − and B s → D s ( ∗ ) + D s ( ∗ ) − . Combining all the available measurements, we have obtained Δ Γ s = 0.097 −0.042 +0.041 ps −1 and τ ¯ = 1 Γ s = 1.461 ± 0.030 ps. Δ Γ s is now 2.3 σ away from zero.
Studies in helminth enzymology. II. Properties of an inorganic pyrophosphatase from Ascaridia galli, a nematode parasite of chickens.

A partially purified inorganic pyrophosphatase from Ascaridia galli, a nematode parasite of chickens has been investigated. The enzyme was activated by Mg++ and Zn++ and to a lesser extent by Co++, Mn++, Fe++, Cu++, and Ca++. In combination with Mg++ the other divalent ions were inhibitory. Cadmium and fluoride, both effective anthelmintics, inhibited markedly at low concentrations. Piperazine adipate, another anthelmintic, did not inhibit the enzyme. Tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chloromycetin, EDTA and ATP all inhibited the PPase. Optimum pH with Mg++ as activator was 6.8 to 7.2 but with Zn++ 6.2 to 6.5 was the optimum range. A Michaelis constant (Km) was estimated by the conventional Lineweaver-Burk treatment. Km was 6.4 × 10−4M, in fair agreement with Km values of PPases from other sources.
Variation in foraging investment during the intermolt interval and before egg-laying in the spider Nephila clavipes (Araneae: Araneidae).

Repeated observations were made of marked, freeliving females in three disjunct populations of the orb-weaving spider Nephila clavipes,recording orb size and structure and barrier web complexity. These longitudinal studies revealed regular patterns of variation in orb size associated with the molting cycle and cycle of egg maturation. Juveniles maintained in an insectary under a controlled feeding regime exhibited similar variation in orb size. All spiders ceased orb renewal prior to molting and the majority replaced the viscid orb with a nonviscid platform prior to molting. Differences among the populations in molting web structure are discussed in light of differences in the physical and biological environments. Cessation of orb renewal corresponded temporally with reported physiological changes associated with the molt cycle and possibly reflect changes in resource partitioning between growth and foraging during the molt cycle.
Extended delivery of hydrophilic drugs from silicone-hydrogel contact lenses containing Vitamin E diffusion barriers

This paper proposes an approach for increasing drug release durations from contact lenses and other biomedical devices by in situ creation of transport barriers of Vitamin E that force drug molecules to diffuse through long tortuous path. Results show that the increase in release duration is quadratic in Vitamin E loading, which is consistent with proposed mathematical models. Loadings of 10 and 40% Vitamin E increase release time of timolol by a factor of about 5 and 400, respectively for NIGHT&DAY lens. Similar results have been obtained for other hydrophilic drugs including fluconazole and dexamethasone 21-disodium phosphate (DXP). Vitamin E loading in the NIGHT&DAY lens leads to slight increase in lens sizes (6.5% increase for 30% loading), a slight reduction in oxygen diffusion (about 40% reduction for 75% loading), and a more significant reduction in the ion permeability (50% reduction for 10% loading). Additionally, Vitamin E loading has a beneficial effect of blocking UV radiation which will reduce the corneal damage due to UV light.
Parallel simulation for aviation applications

The Detailed Policy Assessment Tool (DPAT) is a widely used simulation of air traffic control that incorporates advanced technology for user-friendly operation. DPAT computes congestion-related air traffic delays, throughputs, traffic densities, and arrival/departure schedules while incorporating ground delay and ground stop programs, in-trail restrictions, historical, current, or future traffic demand, a fixed or free-flight route structure, and other relevant parameters. DPAT's advanced capabilities include parallel discrete-event simulation technology and easy access through Web-based simulation.