cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic evidence for the effect of a postglacial population expansion on the phylogeography of a North American songbird

Phylogeographical studies of Nearctic songbirds conducted to date have yielded unexpectedly low levels of genetic differentiation and weak phylogeographical structure in mitochondrial DNA lineages as compared with species studied in Neotropical areas. Factors leading to this pattern may include (i) gene flow, (ii) population expansions from bottlenecked populations, and (iii) selective sweeps. Here we provide evidence for the role played by Pleistocene postglacial population expansions on the phylogeography of MacGillivray's warbler (Oporornis tolmiei), a long-distance migratory bird. Samples from 12 breeding localities in the temperate USA were compared with those from two localities in north-eastern Mexico. The former showed evidence of a Late Pleistocene population expansion as indicated by low haplotype and nucleotide diversity, a star-like phylogeny of alleles, and a mismatch distribution indicating a sudden increase in effective population size. By contrast, the Mexican population showed high levels of genetic diversity and a mismatch distribution as expected for a population unaffected by sudden demographic change. Haplotypes from the two regions formed two distinct phylogroups which separated roughly one million years ago according to a conventional molecular clock for songbirds. This study provides support for the Pleistocene expansion hypothesis in MacGillivray's warbler and suggests that postglacial expansion of bottlenecked populations is responsible for the lack of variation and structure reported for most North American songbird species.
ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTION OF PARTICLES WITH SPIN.

The problem considered here is that of making a relativistic theory for a particle or antiparticle, of definite nonzero mass m and spin s = 0, ½, 1,…, in an external electromagnetic field. The effects of anomalous electric and magnetic moments are to be considered also; for spin s these have to be included up to 22s pole type. This corresponds to the physical situation of an elementary particle or nucleus falling through external fields without any dissociation or internal excitation taking place.
Evaluation of self-collimated beams in photonic crystals for optical interconnect

Self-collimated beams and photonic bandgap mirrors in photonic crystals are evaluated for applicability in an on-chip interconnect system. Simulations using the plane-wave expansion and finite-difference time-domain methods are utilized to design and evaluate the theoretical performance of these systems, called a virtual waveguide due to borderless confinement of the signal. The effect of systematic and random fabrication errors on the performance is characterized. Coupling efficiency is virtually unaffected by misalignment, but is found to be a strong function of the length of the waveguide and the frequency of light. Additional routing capabilities of sharp 90/spl deg/ turns and signal crossings with no crosstalk are demonstrated. Photonic crystal virtual waveguides are ideal structures for on-chip optical signal routing.
Figure and Ground in the Visual Cortex: V2 Combines Stereoscopic Cues with Gestalt Rules

Summary Figure-ground organization is a process by which the visual system identifies some image regions as foreground and others as background, inferring 3D layout from 2D displays. A recent study reported that edge responses of neurons in area V2 are selective for side-of-figure, suggesting that figure-ground organization is encoded in the contour signals (border ownership coding). Here, we show that area V2 combines two strategies of computation, one that exploits binocular stereoscopic information for the definition of local depth order, and another that exploits the global configuration of contours (Gestalt factors). These are combined in single neurons so that the "near" side of the preferred 3D edge generally coincides with the preferred side-of-figure in 2D displays. Thus, area V2 represents the borders of 2D figures as edges of surfaces, as if the figures were objects in 3D space. Even in 3D displays, Gestalt factors influence the responses and can enhance or null the stereoscopic depth information.
On the relationship of funding and research publications

The impact of 17 year period of funding in schistosomiasis research on publication outcome was examined. Two productivity and three quality indicators were used to compare the output from the entire population of schistosomiasis in this period with those associated with 351 funded researchers. A substantially higher productivity and citation impact were found. This consistency of direction points to the positive effect of a period of sustained funding commitment.
The Inviting Convicts to College Program

While we know formal education is an important variable for reducing recidivism, there are few prison systems still offering college courses. We introduce the Inviting Convicts to College Program that deploys undergraduate student-teachers as instructors of college level courses inside prisons. The student-teachers are supervised by professors. The course taught is Convict Criminology. This article describes the program, and uses quantitative and qualitative methods to assess four semesters taught at a medium-security state prison. The methodology uses both a survey and focused interviews of prisoners and student teachers. Findings indicate the program goals were met, and the courses taught served as valuable educational experiences for convicts and student-teachers.
Aging with a disability

Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes had it right. This sensitive nineteenth-century physician–poet was aware of how continuous and attentive medical care could ward off accumulating maladies in persons who have chronic disease. However, the physician had to be attentive to them. This issue of the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America does just that—it details what the physician caring for patients who have chronic disabilities can do to give the best care possible to such persons. I first became familiar with the problems of aging with a disability in the 1970s through the research of my colleagues Roberta Trieschmann, PhD, and Wilbert Fordyce, PhD [1]. Problems associated with the aging process may be amplified in individuals who have disabilities, or unrelated medical issues may develop and be overlooked, as they are inaccurately attributed to the primary disability. Because I have focused my practice on the management of multiple sclerosis (MS), I have encountered this time and time again. Patients who have MS typically have a long course, in which they develop disease progression and worsening of neurologic symptoms. It is not uncommon for patients to complain of new symptoms but attribute them to their MS—such is their familiarity of living with the disease. Therefore, it is incumbent upon the practitioner to be ever vigilant and to tease out new neurologic disorders from the MS. The new disorders may be treatable or, at the least, must be
Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury Is Modulated by Nlrp3 and Nlrc4 Inflammasomes in Mice

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is characterized by increased hepatic lipid accumulation (steatosis) and inflammation with increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Two of these cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18, require activation of caspase-1 via members of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family. These NLRs form an inflammasome that is activated by pathogens and signals released through local tissue injury or death. NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (Nlrp3) and NLR family CARD domain containing protein 4 (Nlrc4) have been studied minimally for their role in the development of ALD. Using mice with gene targeted deletions for Nlrp3 (Nlrp3−/−) and Nlrc4 (Nlrc4−/−), we analyzed the response to chronic alcohol consumption. We found that Nlrp3−/− mice have more severe liver injury with higher plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, increased activation of IL-18, and reduced activation of IL-1B. In contrast, the Nlrc4−/− mice had similar alcohol-induced liver injury compared to C57BL/6J (B6) mice but had greatly reduced activation of IL-1β. This suggests that Nlrp3 and Nlrc4 inflammasomes activate IL-1β and IL-18 via caspase-1 in a differential manner. We conclude that the Nlrp3 inflammasome is protective during alcohol-induced liver injury.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Pathogenesis and the Role of Antioxidants

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a wide spectrum of liver injury ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Whereas simple steatosis has a benign clinical course, steatohepatitis is a recognized cause of progressive liver fibrosis and can develop into cirrhosis. NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are the two most common chronic liver diseases in United States general population with a prevalence of 20% and 3%, respectively. Hepatic steatosis is frequently associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hyperlipidemia with insulin resistance as a key pathogenic factor. A two-hit theory best describes the progression from simple steatosis to NASH, fibrosis, or cirrhosis. These two hits consist of the accumulation of excessive hepatic fat primarily owing to insulin resistance, and oxidative stress owing to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria are the major cellular source of ROS in cases of NASH. Currently, treatment is focused on modifying risk factors such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Antioxidants such as vitamin E, N-acetylcysteine, betaine, and others may be beneficial in the treatment of NASH.
Heavy Episodic Drinking in College Students: Associations With Features of Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder

Abstract Objective: This study extends the college heavy episodic drinking literature by examining the associations between features of psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), on the one hand, and heavy episodic drinking and associated problem behaviors, on the other. Participants: Participants were 159 (85 male, 74 female) undergraduates from a private university. Methods: Participants completed self-report measures assessing alcohol use, frequency, and consequences of heavy episodic drinking, and personality pathology. Results: It was found that psychopathy, independent of ASPD, was related to the prediction of heavy episodic drinking frequency and problems associated with alcohol use. It was also found that the relation between traits of psychopathy and heavy episodic drinking are limited largely to the impulsive and antisocial aspects of this condition. Conclusion: These findings point to the need for further investigation of the association between psychopathy and ASPD traits and heav...
Energy in generic higher curvature gravity theories

We define and compute the energy of higher curvature gravity theories in arbitrary dimensions. Generically, these theories admit constant curvature vacua (even in the absence of an explicit cosmological constant), and asymptotically constant curvature solutions with nontrivial energy properties. For concreteness, we study quadratic curvature models in detail. Among them, the one whose action is the square of the traceless Ricci tensor always has zero energy, unlike conformal (Weyl) gravity. We also study the string-inspired Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet model and show that both its flat and anti–de Sitter vacua are stable.
Challenges of Manned Interstellar Travel

The scientific information in Part II discusses the challenges of an interstellar mission based on an extensive literature review. It links these challenges to specific episodes in the novel that comprises Part I. Issues that are considered include interstellar propulsion systems, economic considerations of interstellar flight, psychological and sociological factors inherent in a multigenerational space mission, problems with suspended animation, current knowledge of exoplanets, and issues related to colonizing a distant planet and the possible discovery of extraterrestrial life. A history of interstellar missions in science fiction is also reviewed.
A New Data Selection Principle for Semi-Supervised Incremental Learning

Current semi-supervised incremental learning approaches select unlabeled examples with predicted high confidence for model re-training. We show that for many applications this data selection strategy is not correct. This is because the confidence score is primarily a metric to measure the classification correctness on a particular example, rather than one to measure the examples contribution to the training of an improved model, especially in the case that the information used in the confidence annotator is correlated with that generated by the classifier. To address this problem, we propose a performance-driven principle for unlabeled data selection in which only the unlabeled examples that help to improve classification accuracy are selected for semisupervised learning. Encouraging results are presented for a variety of public benchmark datasets.
A 5 GeV injector for PEP

The authors describe a project for providing the SSRL (Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory) with a dedicated injector for both PEP (Positron-Electron Project) and SPEAR by upgrading the SPEAR 3-GeV injector synchrotron, a 10-Hz cycling synchrotron served by a 150-MeV linac capable of accelerating 10/sup 10/ or more electrons per cycle now under construction, to function at 6 GeV and by transporting the electron beam through a 240-m-long tunnel to PEP. After injection at 5 GeV, the energy of PEP will be ramped to 6-10 GeV for most anticipated dedicated operation for synchrotron radiation research. As an interim dedicated injector, it will facilitate the utilization and development of PEP as a synchrotron radiation source until a full-energy, dedicated injector is warranted. >
A mechanism of the Madden–Julian Oscillation based on interactions in the frequency domain

The surface and boundary-layer fluxes of moisture exhibit a large amplification as the waves in the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) time-scales interact with synoptic time-scales of 2 to 7 days. This amplification is clearly seen when the datasets are cast in the frequency domain for computations of the respective fluxes. Those flux relations carry triple-product nonlinearities, and the fluxes on the time-scale of the MJO are evaluated using co-spectra of triadal frequency interactions. The trigonometric selection rules on interactions among these frequencies are largely satisfied by the time-scales of the MJO and two others that reside in the synoptic time-scales. Tropical instabilities provide a rich family of tropical disturbances that appear to be ready and waiting to interact with the MJO time-scales (since these satisfy the selection rules for non-vanishing interactions). A consequence of these nonlinear interactions in the frequency domain is a two- to three-fold amplification of the surface fluxes. Although this analysis does not address how a small signal in the sea surface temperature on the time-scale of the MJO arises in a coupled atmosphere–ocean model, we are able to show that its presence enables a large amplification of this time-scale vertically across the planetary boundary layer. Given a low-frequency ocean with many time-scales, this process amplifies the fluxes on the time-scale of the MJO; this amplification eventually feeds back to the ocean via amplified surface stresses, and an equilibrium state with a robust MJO in the coupled system is realized. The datasets for this study were derived from a coupled ocean–atmosphere model that was able to resolve a robust MJO in its simulations. This study also examines the character of sensible-heat fluxes and momentum within the same framework. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society
Paraphilia-related disorders--common, neglected, and misunderstood.

(1994). Paraphilia-Related Disorders—Common, Neglected, and Misunderstood. Harvard Review of Psychiatry: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 39-40.
Elderly Asian Americans in the Nonmetropolitan and Rural United States

This chapter focuses on elderly Asian Americans in nonmetropolitan and rural areas of the United States. Various dimensions of their demographic structure are described and discussed. The chapter also reviews the emergence over time of Asians in the United States.
Clinical management of acute myocarditis and cardiomyopathy

Several forms of acute myocarditis may present as new onset cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. These include myocarditis characterized as fulminant, giant cell, chronic acute, eosinophilic (particularly necrotizing eosinophilic myocarditis), peripartum, Lyme, small pox vaccine related, HIV-related, and acute myocardial infarction caused by myocarditis with coronary arteritis. Treatment of each of these disorders is dependent upon considering the diagnosis, performing endomyocardial biopsy for histologic confirmation, and use of immune modulating or immunosuppressive therapy in appropriate candidates. Some forms of acute myocarditis may resolve spontaneously without any treatment including fulminant myocarditis, peripartum, and small pox vaccine related myocarditis. Others require immune modulating therapy including giant cell myocarditis, and eosinophilic myocarditis; while others require specific treatment for the infectious or autoimmune pathogen responsible including eosinophilic myocarditis, Lyme myocarditis, and HIV-related. We currently have the technology which may allow us to determine if the 50% of patients with “idiopathic” cardiomyopathy in fact have a viral or post viral autoimmune related compromise of cardiac function.
A large range micro-XZ-stage with monolithic integration of electrothermal bimorph actuators and electrostatic comb drives

This paper reports a micro-XZ-stage with large quasi-static displacement in both in-plane and out-of-plane directions, achieved by monolithic integration of large-vertical-displacement electrothermal Cu/W bimorph actuators and large-lateral-displacement electrostatic comb drives for the first time. The integration is enabled by a unique release process that can simultaneously attain high-aspect-ratio silicon comb drives and complete silicon removal underneath bimorph actuators. Over 40 μm in-plane displacement at 109.6 Vdc for the comb drives and 100 μm out-of-plane displacements at only 13.5 Vdc for the bimorph actuators have been realized for the fabricated device. The resonances of the out-of-plane bimorph actuators and the in-plane comb drives are 515 Hz and 477 Hz, respectively.
Barbell Hip Thrust

This column provides a detailed description and photographs of the proper exercise technique for the barbell hip thrust with beginner progressions and advanced variations for the athlete. This movement is a lower-body, multi-joint exercise designed to increase muscular conditioning of the hip extensors, spinal erectors, and knee extensors. This exercise may provide benefits to athletes that rely on hip extension during competition, such as basketball, sprinting, football, and power and Olympic lifters.
Urinary excretion of estrogens and 17-ketosteroids in young, adult males with infectious hepatitis.

SummaryThe levels of excretion of estrogens and 17-ketosteroids in the urine have been determined in 11 young adult males with acute infectious hepatitis, at frequent intervals, from onset of the disease to convalescence. In 9 moderately severe cases there was a significant elevation in the level of excretion of biologically active estrogens in the urine which persisted at a slowly diminishing elevation until convalescence was considerably advanced. There was no significant increase in the concentration of the urinary estrogens in 2 cases of hepatitis which presented only mild clinical symptoms.Marked to moderate depression occurred in the level of excretion of urinary 17-ketosteroids early in the course of acute hepatitis, with a return to normal values considerably in advance of the period of diminished estrogen excretion and of clinical recovery.
Venturia Acerina, The Perfect Stage of Cladosporium Humile

On August 30, 1940, while out collecting in the vicinity of Ithaca (near Buttermilk Falls), Professor H. H. Whetzel called attention to prominent spots on leaves of red maple (Acer rubrum) which appeared to be distinctly different from any of the common leaf spots of maple. He thought that this might be a new or undescribed disease. A cursory examination of the specimens, disclosing the fasciculate conidiophores and the oblong conidia, suggested that the fungus might be a Cercospora. He therefore turned the specimens over to Dr. Chupp, who, in turn, asked the writer to make a critical examination of the material in an attempt to determine the identity of the fungus. The writer made additional collections of the same leaf spot on red maple on October 2, 1940, near Enfield Glen, N. Y., and again a week later at Watkins Glen, N. Y., on the same suscept. Then on February 28, 1941, in examining various specimens collected near Millinocket, Maine, on August 22, 1940, the same fungus was found on spots on red maple leaves. The spots on the Maine material were, for the most part, small and not typical. Still later on May 12, 1941, the same spots were found on fallen maple leaves in the Lloyd Preserve, McLean, N. Y. So it is evident that this disease, although nlot very colimmon, is not particularly rare.
Ethyl-methanesulfonate-induced changes in filarial susceptibility in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

The susceptibility to Brugia pahangi infections of F1 progeny derived from female Aedes aegypti treated with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) was tested. Three-day-old females were treated with 0.025, 0.050, and 0.075% EMS by allowing them to feed freely for 5 days on sugar cubes containing the chemical. Control and treated females were then mated with normal, untreated males to recover F1 progeny. Percent susceptibility and mean number of infective larvae (Ls) in F1 females were analyzed to test for changes in the fm gene for filarial susceptibility. Sterility was induced in populations exposed to 0.075% EMS. Susceptibility in both the 0.025 and 0.050% EMS F1 populations was reduced by 9 and 20%, respectively. The 0.025% EMS F1 females showed a 35% decrease in mean Ls numbers. At 0.050% EMS, mean Ls numbers decreased by 64%.
The influence of high-fat diets on estrous cycles, sperm production and fertility of rats.

SummaryThe estrous cycle lengths of rats fed high-fat diets ad libitum or restricted, a grain diet or a low-fat diet were determined in two long-term studies. In the first experiment, with a 40% fat diet, the rats had prolonged estrous cycles beginning at 37–40 weeks of age caused primarily by a prolongation of diestrus. During the early stages of feeding the high-fat diet did not prolong the estrous cycles. In the second experiment, the diet contained 60% fat and the prolongation of diestrus occurred at 23–27 weeks of age. In male rats, however, high fat diets from weanling to 11 weeks of age did not affect fertility or sperm production.
Aortico-left ventricular tunnel and sinus of Valsalva aneurysm: Case report with operative repair

Aortico--left ventricular tunnel (ALVT) is a rare anomaly, only 21 such cases having appeared in the literature. This report describes a case of ALVT in which there were features characteristics of sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SVA). Details of the operative repair are discussed.
In Vitro Biosynthesis and Substrate Tolerance of the Plantazolicin Family of Natural Products

Plantazolicin (PZN) is a ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP) natural product that exhibits extraordinarily narrow-spectrum antibacterial activity toward the causative agent of anthrax, Bacillus anthracis. During PZN biosynthesis, a cyclodehydratase catalyzes cyclization of cysteine, serine, and threonine residues in the PZN precursor peptide (BamA) to azolines. Subsequently, a dehydrogenase oxidizes most of these azolines to thiazoles and (methyl)oxazoles. The final biosynthetic steps consist of leader peptide removal and dimethylation of the nascent N-terminus. Using a heterologously expressed and purified heterocycle synthetase, the BamA peptide was processed in vitro concordant with the pattern of post-translational modification found in the naturally occurring compound. Using a suite of BamA-derived peptides, including amino acid substitutions as well as contracted and expanded substrate variants, the substrate tolerance of the heterocycle synthetase was elucidated...
Integrating Technology Literacy and Information Literacy

Information technology literacy can be seen as an integration of what are commonly two separate literacies—technology literacy and information literacy. This chapter defines them, reviews issues related to both, and argues that both must be acquired and functionally utilized for students and workers to achieve success in our heavily technology-oriented society and workplace. The authors address learning outcomes and design components that should be considered in training and instructional settings, and give examples of instructional strategies for achieving them. 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com ITB10982 INFORMATION SCIENCE PUBLISHING This chapter appears in the book, Technology Literacy Applications in Learning Environments edited by David D. Carbonara © 2005, Idea Group Inc. Integrating Technology Literacy and Information Literacy 65 Copyright © 2005, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. Introduction To succeed in today’s higher education and workforce environments, one cannot rely solely on either technological or information literacy skills. The two are complementary, and they must be interlocked to provide a complete inventory of needed skills and knowledge. In some places the phrase “information technology literacy” is used to address both; here they are addressed separately before describing why they are complementary. Integrating and utilizing standards and competencies for both through an instructional systems design (ISD) approach strengthens curriculum and program development in the digital age. Building skills upon skills allows for continued proficiency acquisition and adaptation to changing environments, and infuses the concept of continued lifelong learning. The need for technology skills and knowledge in schools, the workforce, and society is an obvious extension and consequence of living in the digital environment of what Alvin Toffler coined as “the Information Age.” Computers and computing have become a way of life and the primary means for doing work in today’s world. Governments, schools, and business have attempted to address issues in acquiring specific technical skills for some time. Often missing from discussions about technology literacy is technology’s interdependent relationship with information. There is a reason, after all, why it is not called the Technology Age—technology is tools or the use of tools, but it is the result of using them that is important. Computers have not only made creating, acquiring, tracking, storing, retrieving, and analyzing data and information easier; they have made it more accessible than their original creators could have ever imagined. The skill sets needed at the very center of this vortex where technology interfaces with information are both technology literacy and information literacy.
Maximality and distributivity in Brazilian Portuguese

Neste artigo analisamos as propriedades semânticas de cada e todos os , os quais tem sido analisados na literatura como quantificadores universais distributivos (Muller, Negrao e Gomes 2007) . A partir de uma serie de estudos experimentais, pretendemos mostrar que tod- (a raiz de todos os ) nao e um quantificador que acarreta distributividade, mas, ao inves disso, um modificador que acarreta maximalidade (Brisson 1998, 2003). Cada, por outro lado, e marcado para distributividade.
John A. Hartford Foundation Centers of Excellence Program: History, Impact, and Legacy

The John A. Hartford Foundation (JAHF) created the Centers of Excellence in Geriatric Medicine and Geriatric Psychiatry in 1988 with the goal of establishing academic training environments to increase geriatrics-trained faculty. The initiative identified medical schools with the necessary components for training academic geriatricians. JAHF grants provided the resources to create a cadre of physicians whose research, teaching and practice leads to substantial contributions in geriatrics. Results from two evaluations show that the program has successfully increased geriatrics-prepared faculty who have achieved promotion and institutional retention, success in winning competitive research grants, and positions of leadership. The initiative strengthened the national network of geriatrics programs and served as a major driver of increased prestige for the fields of geriatric medicine and psychiatry.
Developing life-role readiness in a multicultural society: Topics to consider

In this paper a conceptual framework for developing life-role readiness in a multicultural society is presented. Life-role readiness is defined as the possession of the knowledge, attitudes, and skills necessary for effective life-role participation. Life-role salience, cultural influences on life-role salience, and specific activities to foster life-role readiness are addressed. Interventions are identified for each topic.
Solidarity: Émile Durkheim, Gaston Richard and Social Cohesion

Chapter 2 compares the views of Emile Durkheim and Gaston Richard on solidarity, which both see as the general manifestation of the relation in society. The comparisons deepen at each thematic level the authors use in order to reflect upon solidarity—corporations, professions, cooperation and obligation. At each of these levels, the similarities and the differences between both authors are stressed. Durkheim and Richard link solidarity to the question of social cohesion. But if Durkheim understands solidarity as the condition of social order, Richard understands it as the condition of a resistance against society.
The cost of getting CCS wrong: Uncertainty, infrastructure design, and stranded CO2

Abstract Carbon capture, and storage (CCS) infrastructure will require industry—such as fossil-fuel power, ethanol production, and oil and gas extraction—to make massive investment in infrastructure. The cost of getting these investments wrong will be substantial and will impact the success of CCS technology. Multiple factors can and will impact the success of commercial-scale CCS, including significant uncertainties regarding capture, transport, and injection-storage decisions. Uncertainties throughout the CCS supply chain include policy, technology, engineering performance, economics, and market forces. In particular, large uncertainties exist for the injection and storage of CO2. Even taking into account upfront investment in site characterization, the final performance of the storage phase is largely unknown until commercial-scale injection has started. We explore and quantify the impact of getting CCS infrastructure decisions wrong based on uncertain injection rates and uncertain CO2 storage capacities using a case study managing CO2 emissions from the Canadian oil sands industry in Alberta. We use SimCCS, a widely used CCS infrastructure design framework, to develop multiple CCS infrastructure scenarios. Each scenario consists of a CCS infrastructure network that connects CO2 sources (oil sands extraction and processing) with CO2 storage reservoirs (acid gas storage reservoirs) using a dedicated CO2 pipeline network. Each scenario is analyzed under a range of uncertain storage estimates and infrastructure performance is assessed and quantified in terms of cost to build additional infrastructure to store all CO2. We also include the role of stranded CO2, CO2 that a source was expecting to but cannot capture due substandard performance in the transport and storage infrastructure. Results show that the cost of getting the original infrastructure design wrong are significant and that comprehensive planning will be required to ensure that CCS becomes a successful climate mitigation technology. In particular, we show that the concept of stranded CO2 can transform a seemingly high-performing infrastructure design into the worst case scenario.
Finding a dictionary between tensor models and crystallization theory

Crystallization theory has been useful in representing piecewise-linear (PL) manifolds in any dimension as D-regular edge-colored bipartite graphs. PL manifolds are of increasing interest to theoretical physicists as a tool to explore discretized versions of geometry in quantum gravity. We provide here a dictionary and compare quantities which have appeared in two contexts: in the so-called crystallizationtheory of simplicial manifolds (mathematics) and in colored tensor models which are simplicial models in view of providing a quantum version of general relativity (physics).
Predictors of Psychological Health in Myasthenia Gravis

The chapter examines mental health in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Relatively few investigational studies have explored this area of patient care, with the most rigorous studies centered on cognitive manifestations. These studies reveal cognitive difficulties in a subset of patients, with a strong correspondence to mental fatigue. A small number of studies report elevated anxiety in MG but no major increase in depression, and no studies have clearly linked mental health with disease onset or progression. Ongoing disease severity is only modestly correlated with psychological distress and quality of life, though individuals with greater physical disability report more severe disruption in daily living activities. The chapter reviews four key predictors of psychological well-being in chronic disease (uncertainty, control, illness intrusiveness, social support) and pathways to optimize these factors in the clinical setting. Professionals involved in the care of MG play an important role in facilitating the mental health and quality of life of their patients. Incorporating mental health assessment and support into routine clinical practice empowers patients to achieve the best possible outcomes and life quality.
Universal Laws of Physical Adsorption

Physics aims at understanding a diversity of phenomena in terms of a small number of “laws”. The search for such unifying simplicity can take on either theoretical (i.e. ab initio) or empirical character. In the case of physisorption, we are only beginning to make progress [1–4] in first principles calculations of atom-surface interaction V(r). A technical but fundamental difficulty is our lack of knowledge of electronic properties in the region where the electronic density falls to a value of order 10−4A−3. This is the region where overlap of surface and adatom charges produces the repulsive part of V(r).
Social Choice Rules

In this chapter we are going to start fresh. Now that we have reasons to look beyond simple majority voting, we want to explore a range of possible social choice procedures. We must reintroduce a lot of earlier ideas in a broader context of general social choice rules. We are going to be very precise and very formal. Partly we are doing this because some of the ideas are both subtle and slippery and can not be well conveyed just by examples and hand waving but require precise definition. But more important is preparation for Chapters like 7, 8 and 10 where we are going to prove impossibility theorems. Impossibility theorems tell us there are no social choice rules satisfying a certain list of appealing criteria. Now it is usually easy to show that a given social choice rule satisfies a list of clear criteria or fails to satisfy it. But to prove no rule satisfies such a list, you must work with all logically possible social choice rules and you can’t even make a beginning on that unless you have a clear, precise, rigorous notion of what a social choice rule is. Our theorem goal forces us to be rather formal.
The Immunofluorescence Approach in Microbial Ecology

Fluorescent markers appropriately conjugated to antibody proteins provide the basis for a method to visualize those antibodies as they participate in antigen-antibody reactions. The method is referred to as the fluorescent antibody (FA) or immunofluorescence (IF) technique; it has been in widespread and successful use in medical microbiology and in pathology as a highly sensitive and specific cytochemical staining procedure for many years. Most current applications of the technique are for the localization of cellular and viral antigens in tissues and for the rapid detection and identification of infectious agents.
Biosynthesis and Structures of the Bacteriochlorophylls

The current status of our knowledge on the structures and biosynthesis of the bacteriochlorophylls from photosynthetic bacteria is reviewed. While the structural chemistry of the bacteriochlorophylls is well established, not much is known about the biosynthesis of the chromophores. Except for the early biosynthetic steps the current insight rests mainly with mutant studies performed in the sixties. For the bacteriochlorophylls of the sulfur and non sulfur bacteria certain assumptions can be made about the biosynthesis on the basis of analogy to chemical reactions.
Measuring UAS pilot responses to common air traffic clearances

Using a simulated ground control station, this study documents the methods for measuring the verbal response and execution time of unmanned aerial system (UAS) pilots to direct commands from air traffic controllers (ATCos). Although prior research has examined characteristics of ATCo-manned aircraft communication, there is very little literature on response times of UAS-ATCo communication. Thus, there is a great need to examine the measured response of UAS pilots to ATCo commands given that there will be more extensive inclusion of UAS operations in the national airspace in the near future. The present paper aims to provide a methodology for measuring part of the UAS and ATCo interaction, one that can be used in future studies involving UAS operations in the national airspace.
The Effects of Event Rate on a Cognitive Vigilance Task.

Objective:The present experiment sought to examine the effects of event rate on a cognitive vigilance task.Background:Vigilance, or the ability to sustain attention, is an integral component of hum...
PV-Battery Series Inverter Architecture: A Solar Inverter for Seamless Battery Integration With Partial-Power DC–DC Optimizer

This paper presents system architecture and control scheme of a photovoltaic (PV) string inverter allowing seamless battery integration with the dc-series integration method. The architecture uses the partial-power processing universal dc–dc optimizer to have flexible power control by regulating the T-node compensation current. The universal optimizer is configured with a dual active bridge dc–dc converter allowing bidirectional power flow and galvanic isolation. Three operation modes are proposed depending on the input sources connected. Based on the operation mode, the universal optimizer and a dc–ac inverter switch their control reference to deliver the maximum PV power and perform battery current control. The steady-state and transient operation of the closed-loop control scheme have been demonstrated through controller hardware-in-the-loop tests to verify feasibility and effectiveness of the PV-battery series inverter architecture.
THE RADIOACTIVE DECAY OF TUNGSTEN 187

Using sources derived from neutron capture in enriched (97.5 percent) ${\mathrm{W}}^{186}$, about 40 internally converted electron lines are recorded in photographic magnetic spectrometers. Their interpretation leads to the evaluation of 14 gamma-rays in rhenium 187, seven of which had not been previously observed. It is possible to arrange these transitions in a consistent level scheme for the rhenium 187 nucleus. The $\frac{K}{L}$ ratios are determined for five of the gamma-rays and the multipolarity and nature of the transitions proposed.
Supporting Mathematics Play in Home Environments: A Feasibility Examination of a Take-Home Bag Intervention

This chapter describes a five-week intervention designed to support and increase mathematics play interactions between parents and preschool age children. Inquiry-oriented mathematics bags designed around early number, geometry, algebra/patterning, data analysis, and measurement were implemented with ten families of preschool age children. Intervention feasibility was examined to determine parent reactions to the mathematics bags and to determine if this intervention was worthwhile in supporting mathematics play. Findings indicate a high level of parent and child engagement with all of the mathematics bags with families going above and beyond the requirements of the intervention to play with the bags multiple times weekly over the course of five weeks. Further, parents had positive reactions to the flexibility within the bag design and the engagement level of their children. Overall, the mathematics bag intervention was feasible in supporting mathematics play between parents and children.
Logistics Alliances: A Source of Competitive Advantage

Research suggests that logistics alliances are gaining in popularity as a method of competing in today’s global marketplace. Exactly what does a firm gain in forming these relationships and how can a logistics service provider add value to product offerings? The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical foundation based on marketing, strategy, and logistics literature in order to explain the increasing use of logistics alliances. A primary objective is to identify the numerous benefits of using logistics alliances.
Abstract C002: Phase 1 study of abemaciclib in children with recurrent and refractory solid tumors including malignant brain tumors

Background: Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) control the transition between G1 and S phases of the cell cycle and are dysregulated in a number of pediatric brain and solid tumors. Abemaciclib, a selective and potent small molecule CDK4/6 inhibitor that crosses the blood brain barrier, limits cell proliferation by suppressing phosphorylation of RB, leading to G1 arrest. Methods: We conducted a phase 1 trial of abemaciclib to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), describe toxicities, and pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of abemaciclib in pediatric patients with recurrent or refractory solid and CNS tumors. A stratum for newly diagnosed patients with diffuse midline glioma continues to enroll. A CDK mutation was not required, and patients with known RB1 mutations were excluded. Abemaciclib was administered orally twice daily on days 1-28 of a 28-day cycle. Four dose levels were planned (100, 130, 170, and 220 mg/m2/dose) and evaluated using a rolling-six design. Patients were enrolled to a dose expansion cohort at the MTD to ensure adequate PK sampling and safety. PK and pharmacodynamic (PD) analyses are ongoing. Results: The median age of 34 eligible patients was 13.8 years (range: 2.9 - 23.2). Seven (21%) patients had a solid tumor [osteosarcoma (N=2), neuroblastoma (N=1), rhabdomyosarcoma (N=1), desmoplastic small round cell tumor (N=1), clear cell sarcoma (N=1), and MRT of kidney (N=1)] and 27 (79%) patients had a malignant brain tumor [high-grade glioma (N=12), DIPG (N=5), ATRT (N=3), medulloblastoma (N=3), ependymoma (N=2), PNET (N=1), and CNS neuroblastoma (N=1)]. Twenty-three patients were evaluable for DLT. There were 2 cycle 1 DLTs, grade 4 thrombocytopenia and grade 3 vomiting and diarrhea, both occurring at dose level 3. The most common treatment-related cycle 1 adverse events were leukopenia (69%), neutropenia (53%), thrombocytopenia (44%), hypoalbuminemia (41%), anemia (38%), hypophosphatemia (34%) and diarrhea (34%). Conclusions: The pediatric MTD of abemaciclib was 130 mg/m2/dose administered orally twice daily on a 28-day cycle. Abemaciclib was well-tolerated with mainly hematologic toxicity. PK and PD will be used to further inform if 130 mg/m2/dose is the pediatric recommended phase 2 dose. Citation Format: Thomas Cash, Dolly Aguilera, Margaret E Macy, Lindsey Hoffman, Kathleen Dorris, Courtney McCracken, Bradley Hanberry, Robert Castellino, Tobey MacDonald, Cynthia Wetmore. Phase 1 study of abemaciclib in children with recurrent and refractory solid tumors including malignant brain tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2019 Oct 26-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2019;18(12 Suppl):Abstract nr C002. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.TARG-19-C002
Threat bias and resting state functional connectivity of the amygdala and bed nucleus stria terminalis

Abstract Background Previous research has distinguished the activations of the amygdala and bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST) during threat-related contingencies. However, how intrinsic connectivities of the amygdala and BNST relate to threat bias remains unclear. Here, we investigated how resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the amygdala and BNST in healthy controls (HC) and patients with anxiety-related disorders (PAD) associate with threat bias in a dot-probe task. Methods Imaging and behavioral data of 30 PAD and 83 HC were obtained from the Nathan Kline Institute - Rockland sample and processed according to published routines. All imaging results were evaluated at voxel p Results PAD and HC did not show differences in whole brain rsFC with either the amygdala or BNST. In linear regressions threat bias was positively correlated with amygdala-thalamus/anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) rsFC in HC but not PAD, and with BNST-caudate rsFC in PAD but not HC. Slope tests confirmed group differences in the correlations between threat bias and amygdala-thalamus/ACC as well as BNST-caudate rsFC. Limitations As only half of the patients included were diagnosed with comorbid anxiety, the current findings need to be considered with the clinical heterogeneity and require replication in populations specifically with anxiety disorders. Conclusions Together, these results suggest amygdala and BNST connectivities as new neural markers of anxiety disorders. Whereas amygdala-thalamus/ACC rsFC support adaptive regulation of threat response in the HC, BNST-caudate rsFC may reflect maladaptive neural processes that are dominated by anticipatory anxiety.
An examination of the diffusion of prepaid mobile telephony in selected emerging markets and developing economies

Abstract Cellular phones have gained popularity in emerging and developing economies over the last two decades. In this study, we show that the phenomenon of falling prices over time is applicable to the diffusion of prepaid mobile phones. This article extends the logistic diffusion model to accommodate disadopters of the service category. Goodness of fit of the extended model is found superior to the original version, which does not consider disadoption. The empirical findings show that for the 12 countries considered in the analysis, the diffusion speeds and the disadoption rates are influenced by one marketing factor and three socioeconomic factors.
Chip-based microcavities coupled to nitrogen-vacancy centers in single crystal diamond

Optical coupling of nitrogen-vacancy centers in single-crystal diamond to an on-chip microcavity is demonstrated. The microcavity is fabricated from a hybrid gallium phosphide and diamond material system and supports whispering gallery mode resonances with spectrometer resolution limited Q>25 000.
In the midst of the water crisis: language and resistance in Flint

Because racism is permanently woven into the fabric of American society, the fight for Black equality and liberation is a constant struggle of resistance. Traditionally, a strong method of resistan...