cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
T Regulatory Cells Exhibit Surface Expression of FoxP3 Derived Peptides Presented within Class I MHC

Abstract Background: FOXP3 is a transcription factor of central importance to the inhibitory function of CD4+, CD25+ FOXP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs). Tregs function as critical inhibitory immunoregulatory cells and have been reported to be increased in tumor-bearing individuals, inhibiting optimal T effector mediated anti-tumor cytotoxicity. Treg depletion targeting CD25, a surface marker of Tregs as well as activated T cells, has been validated in pre-clinical models as a promising adjunctive therapeutic approach to improving T cell mediated therapy and is currently being explored in clinical trials. However, because CD25 expression is not limited to Tregs, CD25-directed therapies may also result in the undesired depletion of effector T cells. Although FOXP3 expression is more restricted to Tregs as compared to CD25, its intranuclear localization has made it challenging to target therapeutically. Vaccination of mice against FOXP3 using FOXP3 mRNA-transfected dendritic cells has been explored and can elicit FOXP3 specific CTL mediated cytotoxicity. This work implies that FOXP3 mRNA-transfected dendritic cells process FOXP3 and present FOXP3 derived peptides on the cell surface. Direct expression of FOXP3 derived peptides on the surface of Tregs has however, not been previously demonstrated. Methods: We utilized mass spectrometry to investigate if FOXP3 derived peptides presented within MHC class I complex are expressed on the surface of Tregs. CD4+, CD25+ T cells were isolated from healthy donors using magnetic bead selection to enrich for Tregs. Surface class I MHC was immunoprecipitated using a pan-MHC class I anti- HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C antibody and associated peptides were eluted from their MHC complex using acid elution. Peptide and fragment masses were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and the spectra of resulting epitopes were matched to known protein sequences by SEQUEST. Results: Four unique FOXP3 derived peptides were identified from the primary donor samples enriched for FOXP3+ cells as described. Predictive HLA binding algorithms demonstrate that the peptides identified are predicted binders to the specific HLA alleles of the original donors. No FOXP3 derived peptides were identified from the CD4+, CD25- T cell fraction analyzed to date. Conclusions: This work directly demonstrates for the first time to our knowledge that, although FOXP3 is an intra-nuclear transcription factor, FOXP3 derived peptides are presented within class I MHC on the surface of Tregs, representing a targetable Treg associated surface protein complex. Disclosures Levy: Bullet Biotechnology, Inc.: Consultancy.
Ring resonator with cascaded arrayed waveguide gratings for accurate insertion loss measurement

A device with two identical arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) in a DEMUX-MUX configuration within a ring resonator is proposed and modeled. This allows extracting the insertion loss of a single AWG, independent of the coupling efficiency, with less error than previous methods.
WILL KEMP, THOMAS SACHEVILLE AND PICKELHERING

Pickelhering was the most popular stage clown on the seventeenth-century German stage, yet his origins are shrouded in mystery and controversy. On the basis of a careful analysis of this persona, as represented in the first major collections of the English Players from 1620 and 1630, with what is known about two heralded English actors from the 1590s, i.e. Shakespeare’s clown, Will Kemp, and his counterpart on the Continent, the linguistically talented Thomas Sacheville, I will present strong circumstantial evidence that both actors, in particular Kemp, may be regarded as comic prototypes for the English Pickelhering.
Implicit sampling combined with reduced order modeling for the inversion of vadose zone hydrological data

Abstract Bayesian inverse modeling techniques are computationally expensive because many forward simulations are needed when sampling the posterior distribution of the parameters. In this paper, we combine the implicit sampling method and generalized polynomial chaos expansion (gPCE) to significantly reduce the computational cost of performing Bayesian inverse modeling. There are three steps in this approach: (1) find the maximizer of the likelihood function using deterministic approaches; (2) construct a gPCE-based surrogate model using the results from a limited number of forward simulations; and (3) efficiently sample the posterior distribution of the parameters using implicit sampling method. The cost of constructing the gPCE-based surrogate model is further decreased by using sparse Bayesian learning to reduce the number of gPCE coefficients that have to be determined. We demonstrate the approach for a synthetic ponded infiltration experiment simulated with TOUGH2. The surrogate model is highly accurate with mean relative error that is 0.035 % in predicting saturation and 0.25 % in predicting the likelihood function. The posterior distribution of the parameters obtained using our proposed technique is nearly indistinguishable from the results obtained from either an implicit sampling method or a Markov chain Monte Carlo method utilizing the full model.
How Do Transformational and Instrumental Leadership Influence the Public Organization’s Outcomes (WITHDRAWN)

Leaders are essential actors in public performance improvement and organizational change. However, a question has been adequately addressed in the prior literature: how do leaders make difference? ...
Bubbles on the Steppe: Intrinsic Bubbles and Credit Expansion in Kazakhstan's Real Estate Market

This paper uses high frequency aggregate housing price data from 2000 through 2017 for the minerals-rich former Soviet republic of Kazakhstan to explore price movements during boom and stagnation cycles. Kazakhstan experienced staggeringly rapid housing price growth at the outset of this period, when real prices for existing housing rose more than ten-fold in a seven-year period. Despite this rise (and subsequent decline by roughly one-third), it appears that bubble components as variously measured were small for new housing, and largely limited to 2002-04. A far larger bubble appears for sales of existing units, but unrecorded renovation expenditures may be pushing this term up. However, co-movement with vast credit expansion leads us to conclude that there is not enough evidence to support the rational speculative bubble model in Kazakhstan during 2000-2017, but we do find evidence for a policy-induced boom. What was not small was the huge rise in real housing wealth (and its likely contribution to aggregate demand) or the roughly 40% rise in housing stock that occurred during 2003-15. We conclude that credit expansion, housing wealth, and housing construction are far more important at least to a class of upper-middle-income countries than is generally appreciated.
Hypovolemic Shock Caused by Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor-Induced Visceral Angioedema: A Case Series and A Simple Method to Diagnose this Complication in the Emergency Department.

Abstract Background Visceral angioedema is a rarely reported side effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEI). Because signs and symptoms tend to be nonspecific, the diagnosis is difficult to make, especially in the emergency department (ED). Case Report We describe 2 patients presenting with signs of hypovolemic shock, in which the diagnosis of ACEI-induced visceral angioedema was made in the ED. We surmise that patients with abdominal pain, who present with hypovolemic shock and are taking medications that can predispose to angioedema, may have this complication if their hemoglobin level is elevated compared with their previous levels. An abdominal computed tomography scan, if it does not identify any other significant etiology, will increase the probability that ACEI-induced visceral angioedema is the diagnosis when there is nonspecific bowel wall thickening or edema. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Identification of ACEI-induced visceral angioedema in the ED will avoid prolonged admissions, unnecessary procedures, and future recurrences.
Blue-Collars/Tough Designs: UX Within Fire Service Occupational Safety and Health Programs

We discuss a set of ongoing participatory design projects where participants are working to adapt a physiological monitoring prototype for use within the fire service. These projects include members of the fire service community, the director of a comprehensive firefighter medical and fitness program called the Firefighter Testing Program (FTP) located in the Human Performance Clinical Research Laboratory (HPCRL) at Colorado State University (CSU), a user-experience researcher, and a team of developers. The original AvidCor prototype (AC-1) is an affordable physiological monitor that pairs with a smartphone, allowing a user to independently record data about their electrocardiogram (EKG), pulse oximetry, and body temperature. The purpose of one of these participatory design projects is to identify barriers and envision opportunities where the AC-1 prototype and smart-phone app could be used to increase firefighters’ access to information and care that can be used to manage cardiovascular risk. Similarly, the purpose of the second project is to develop and test a second prototype, the AvidCor Fire-ground (AC-FG), capable of streaming real-time information about firefighters’ physiological performance which can enrich the types of decisions making processes that EMS professionals, firefighters, fire officers, and incident commanders engage in while operating within hazardous work environments.
Nanostructure by design

Abstract Solution-phase processing affords nanoparticles and nanocomposites of a wide range of materials, including metals, alloys, intermetallics, and ceramics, with substantial control of particle size, particle morphology, microstructure, and composite microstructure. The particle size of nanocrystalline Cu (nano-Cu) produced by the reduction of CuCl can be varied between 10–30 nm by changes in reducing agent and solvent, while that of nano-Al can be varied between 45–180 nm. The morphology of nano-AlN produced by nitridation of nano-Al can be varied from almost entirely equiaxed to almost entirely whisker-like. Nanocrystalline nickel aluminides can be synthesized by reacting NiCl2 and LiAlH4 in organic solvents, followed by solid-state heating. When the reaction is performed in aromatic solvents the desired phase is obtained with a porous, highly sintered microstructure, while reactions performed in ethereal solvents yield nonsintered nickel aluminide particles in an amorphous alumina matrix. Nanocrystalline composites of AlN and Al are prepared by suspending the AlN particles in organic solvent, and performing solution-phase chemistry to produce nano-Al.
Pediatric Craniovertebral Junction Trauma

The craniovertebral junction consists of the occiput, atlas, and axis, along with their strong ligamentous attachments. Because of its unique anatomical considerations, trauma to the craniovertebral junction requires specialized care. Children with potential injuries to the craniovertebral junction and cervical spinal cord demand specific considerations compared to adult patients. Prehospital immobilization techniques, diagnostic studies, and spinal injury patterns among young children can be different from those in adults. This review highlights the unique aspects in diagnosis and management of children with real or potential craniovertebral junction injuries.
Sulfur cycle in the Valles Caldera volcanic complex, New Mexico - Letter 2: Aqueous sulfate budget and implications for hydrological transport on early Mars

Abstract There is a large disagreement about what sulfur sources participated in formation and transport of aqueous sulfate (SO 4 2 − ) on early Mars. Previous geochemical models mainly focused on volcanic degassing and atmospheric deposition via acid rainfall. Generally, it is unclear whether chemical weathering of sulfur mineralization present in volcanic bedrock might have been an important source of aqueous SO 4 2 − on Mars. Therefore, we selected the watershed of Valles Caldera to better constrain the quantities (fluxes) of SO 4 2 − from chemical weathering compared to direct oxidation of hydrothermal sulfur-rich (H2S) gases and atmospheric deposition. Our results show that in the presence of various oxidants (e.g., oxygen, metals) the SO 4 2 − contributions from these sources significantly vary between dry and wet seasons. In the dry seasons of Nov 2012 and May 2013, the aqueous SO 4 2 − flux from bedrock weathering was the highest (5992 to 8142 kg/month; ∼81% of total flux) with minor SO 4 2 − contributions from atmospheric deposition (1110 to 1508 kg/month; ∼15%) and hydrothermal H2S gas emission (314 to 404 kg/month; ∼4%). Conversely, in the wet season (Mar 2014) the bedrock weathering showed SO 4 2 − fluxes of 4070 kg/month (∼34%) and gas emission of 6088 kg/month (51%) compared to smaller inputs from atmospheric deposition (1796 kg/month; ∼15%). The volume of water interacting with a particular sulfur reservoir appears to define the amount (flux) of SO 4 2 − transported in the aqueous system of active volcanoes. While H2S emission more effectively increased SO 4 2 − fluxes in surface water under wet conditions, the SO 4 2 − fluxes from chemical weathering only slightly varied between investigated wet and dry seasons. We demonstrate that in addition to hydrothermal sulfur emissions the chemical weathering should be included in geochemical source-to-sink models of sulfur cycles on Mars, particularly when assuming prevailing dry surface conditions in the past.
Proton therapy for skull-base chondrosarcoma, a single-institution outcomes study.

We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of definitive or adjuvant external-beam proton therapy on local control and survival in patients with skull-base chondrosarcoma. We reviewed the medical records of 43 patients with a median age of 49 years (range, 23–80 years) treated with double-scattered 3D conformal proton therapy for skull-base chondrosarcomas between January 2007 and February 2016. Proton therapy-related toxicities were scored using CTCAE v4.0. The median radiotherapy dose was 73.8 Gy(RBE) (range, 64.5–74.4 Gy[RBE]). Thirty-six (84%) and 7 (16%) patients underwent surgical resection or biopsy alone. Tumor grade distribution included: grade 1, 19 (44%) patients; grade 2, 22 (51%); and grade 3, 2 (5%). Forty patients had gross disease at the time of radiotherapy and 7 patients were treated for locally recurrent disease following surgery. The median follow-up was 3.7 years (range, 0.7–10.1 years). There were no acute grade 3 toxicities related to RT. At 4 years following RT, actuarial rates of overall survival, cause-specific survival, local control, and RT-related grade 3 toxicity-free survival were 95%, 100%, 89%, and 95%. High-dose, double-scattered 3D conformal proton therapy alone or following surgical resection for skull-base chondrosarcoma is an effective treatment with a high rate of local control with no acute grade 3 radiation-related toxicity. Further follow-up of this cohort is necessary to better characterize long-term disease control and late toxicities.
Dynamic Vehicle Routing in Presence of Random Recalls

Dynamic vehicle routing (DVR) problems involve a vehicle that seeks to service demands which are generated via a spatio-temporal stochastic process in a given environment. This letter introduces a DVR problem in which the vehicle needs to return to a central facility from time to time. We model the return events as a Poisson process with a known parameter. The problem parameters are the demand generation rate, the size of the environment and the recall rate. The goal is to design service policies for the vehicle in order to minimize the expected service time per demand. The contributions are as follows. We first provide a complete analysis of the regime of low demand arrival using a first-come-first-served policy. For the regime of high demand arrival, we derive a policy independent lower bound on the expected service time as a function of the problem parameters. We then adapt a well-known policy based on repeated computation of the Euclidean traveling salesperson tour through unserviced demands and provide an upper bound on the expected service time, quantifying the factor of optimality relative to the lower bound. We supplement the analysis with several insightful numerical simulations.
PhAttApp: A Phishing Attack Detection Application

Technology has grown rapidly since the end of the last century. Thousands of businesses from different major industries are transforming into information organizations and offering online services. The industrial and enterprise of Internet of Things (IoT) is growing at an exponential rate. Incident Command Systems (ICS) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), which were once known to be untouchable by malware as they were usually available offline, are now facing security challenges. These systems become more vulnerable as their online availability increases to enable integration with other systems. Technology allows organizations to provide greater value to customers, expand their businesses beyond physical boundaries, and compete with other businesses. However, technology also allows attackers from all over the world to attack organizations and consumers. Ransomware, a type of malware, is a growing cybersecurity threat. It mainly targets home users and businesses for financial gain. Ransomware attacks often start with a delivery phase in which attackers deliver malicious content. Attackers often use multiple threat vectors for ransomware enablement such as emails, instant messages, and drive-by downloads, exploiting the vulnerabilities of a network or application. Among these attack vectors, email is the top threat vector, which most ransomware attackers attempt to use. This study proposes the use of a phishing detector application, PhAttApp. This application offers numerous features to detect and prevent ransomware delivery through phishing channels and thus reduces the risk of ransomware infection.
Patch problems? Characteristics of transdermal drug delivery system exposures reported to the National Poison Data System

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) pose special risks considering a large amount of drug they contain and their modified release properties. We sought to characterize TDDS exposures reported to the National Poison Data System (NPDS). NPDS was searched for all human exposures to a TDDS from 1/1/2006 to 12/31/2015. Only single-substance TDDS exposures followed to a known medical outcome were included for final analysis. Specific data analyzed was date, sex, age, TDDS product, exposure reason, route of exposure, medical outcome, management site, level of health care facility care, clinical effects, and interventions. Over that 10-year period, 6746 adults and 1917 pediatric exposures were identified. Exposures declined over the study period. The most common exposure reason in adults was intentional abuse (n = 1622) compared to unintentional-general (n =1 070) in pediatric cases. TDDS ingestion was reported in 4519 adults and 2825 pediatric cases. Fentanyl was the most common substance encountered in adult (n = 4656) and pediatric cases (n = 474). No or minor effect were the most common medical outcomes in both groups. In fentanyl cases, moderate or major outcomes were seen in 54 % (n = 1062) of adult and 26 % (n = 54) of pediatric cases. Naloxone was given in 1080 cases. Ninety-seven deaths (91 adults, 6 pediatrics) were reported, all involving ingestion of the TDDS. Fentanyl was associated with 80 adult and 5 pediatric deaths. Overall, single-substance TDDS exposures decreased over the duration of this study and typically resulted in no or mild effects. However, exposures involving fentanyl resulted in higher rates of major or moderate medical outcomes and were associated with multiple deaths.
Impact of a jail-based treatment decision-making intervention on post-release initiation of medications for opioid use disorder.

Abstract Introduction Opioid use disorder (OUD) is common among people in jail and is effectively treated with medications for OUD (MOUD). People with OUD may have an incomplete or inaccurate understanding of OUD and MOUD, and of how to access care. We evaluated an OUD treatment decision making (TDM) intervention to determine whether the intervention increased MOUD initiation post-release. Methods We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study of the TDM intervention on initiation of MOUD, individuals with records data indicating confirmed or suspected OUD incarcerated in four eligible jails were eligible to receive the intervention. Time-to-event analyses of the TDM intervention were conducted using Cox proportional hazard modeling with MOUD as the outcome. Results Cox proportional hazard modeling, with the intervention modeled as having a time-varying effect due to violation of the proportionality assumption, indicated that those receiving the TDM intervention (n = 568) were significantly more likely to initiate MOUD during the first month after release from jail (adjusted hazard ratio 6.27, 95 % C.I. 4.20–9.37), but not in subsequent months (AHR 1.33 95 % C.I. 0.94–1.89), adjusting for demographics, prior MOUD, or felony or gross misdemeanor arrest in the prior year compared to those not receiving the intervention (n = 3174). Conclusion The TDM intervention was associated with a significantly higher relative hazard of starting MOUD, specifically during the first month after incarceration. However, a minority of all eligible people received any MOUD. Future research should examine ways to increase initiation on MOUD immediately after (or ideally during) incarceration.
Immunosuppression-associated primary cutaneous plasmablastic lymphoma secondary to romidepsin.

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare subtype of large B-cell lymphoma most commonly seen in immunocompromised patients, particularly in those with HIV infection. In these patients, PBL often affects the oral mucosa.1 Other immunocompromised states, including immunosuppression for organ transplant and immunosenescence, have been linked to PBL.1 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation is thought to be a major driver of PBL.1 PBL is characterized histologically by an absence of B- and T-cell markers and expression of plasma cell markers CD38 and CD138. The median overall survival of HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with PBL is 15 months and 9 months, respectively.1 Some patients with PBL present with primary cutaneous disease (pcPBL), defined as no systemic involvement. These patients have a unique clinical presentation and an indolent course. We report the first case of iatrogenic pcPBL secondary to romidepsin therapy for primary cutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (pcPTCL-NOS).
The Efficacy and Safety of Neuromodulation Treatments in Late-Life Depression.

In this review, the efficacy and safety of FDA-approved neuromodulation devices (electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)), as well as emerging neuromodulation treatments currently under investigation. ECT is the “gold standard” somatic therapy for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Although the clinical benefits are outweighed by potential cognitive and cardiovascular side effects in a majority of cases, it remains unfairly stigmatized. TMS has few cognitive or somatic side effects but is not as effective as the treatment of psychotic depression or more treatment-resistant depression in elders. VNS has limited data in older patients but has been shown to be effective in chronic, treatment-resistant adults. Several investigative neuromodulation treatments including magnetic seizure therapy (MST), focal electrically administered seizure therapy (FEAST), transcutaneous VNS (tVNS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and deep brain simulation (DBS) shown promise in geriatric TRD. ECT, TMS, and VNS are effective treatments for late-life depression, and research has continued to refine the techniques. Investigative neuromodulation techniques are promising, but evidence for the safety and efficacy of these devices in the geriatric population is needed.
95. PROMIS scores alone are not a reliable measure of patient outcomes after surgery for lumbar stenosis

BACKGROUND CONTEXT As the health care industry shifts to a value-based care model, patient-reported outcome instruments such as the NIH-supported Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), which evaluates patients’ global well-being, are increasingly used to gauge the cost-effectiveness of care. The Swiss Spinal Stenosis Questionnaire (SSSQ) is considered the gold standard validated disease-specific outcome measure for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis and has been found to be internally consistent, reproducible and responsive to clinical change. As PROMIS is further integrated into clinical care, its benefit must be evaluated relative to traditional PRO instruments such as the SSSQ. PURPOSE This study aims to establish the strength of relationship between three commonly used PROMIS measures and the SSSQ. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT SAMPLE See methods section. OUTCOME MEASURES See methods section. METHODS Eighty-two patients with spinal stenosis at a single academic medical center were enrolled. They filled out one SSSQ during their enrollment visit. Patients completed the PROMIS Adult Depression (AD), Physical Function (PF), and Pain Interference (PI) instruments at each visit. For patients who had undergone lumbar decompressive surgery, PROMIS scores from the first two postop visits were averaged. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate the pain and physical function domains of the SSSQ against their respective PROMIS counterparts (PI and PF), treatment satisfaction component of the SSSQ against postop PROMIS scores, and combined pretreatment SSSQ against PROMIS AD. RESULTS PROMIS PF correlates moderately well with the SSSQ physical function domain (R2 0.14, p=0.0008) while PROMIS PI correlates poorly with the SSSQ pain domain (R2 0.03, p= 0.13). PROMIS AD correlates relatively poorly to the pretreatment SSSQ (R2 0.07, p= 0.02). In patients who have undergone surgery, postoperative PROMIS scores in all three domains correlate reasonably well with the treatment satisfaction component of the SSSQ [PROMIS AD (R2 0.13, p=0.01), PROMIS PI (R2 0.25, p= 0.003), PROMIS PF (R2 0.18, p= 0.003)]. CONCLUSIONS While postoperative PROMIS scores reflect patient outcomes after surgery for spinal stenosis reasonably well, preoperative PROMIS scores do not adequately capture the disease-specific impact of spinal stenosis on patients’ overall wellbeing. Therefore, PROMIS scores should not be used in isolation to assess outcomes in patients with spinal stenosis. FDA DEVICE/DRUG STATUS This abstract does not discuss or include any applicable devices or drugs.
Cervical Spine Injuries in the Ice Hockey Player: Current Concepts in Epidemiology, Management and Prevention:

Study Design:This review article examines the biomechanics that underly hockey-related cervical spine injuries, the preventative measures to curtail them, optimal management strategies for the inju...
Backdoor Attacks on the DNN Interpretation System.

Interpretability is crucial to understand the inner workings of deep neural networks (DNNs) and many interpretation methods generate saliency maps that highlight parts of the input image that contribute the most to the prediction made by the DNN. In this paper we design a backdoor attack that alters the saliency map produced by the network for an input image only with injected trigger that is invisible to the naked eye while maintaining the prediction accuracy. The attack relies on injecting poisoned data with a trigger into the training data set. The saliency maps are incorporated in the penalty term of the objective function that is used to train a deep model and its influence on model training is conditioned upon the presence of a trigger. We design two types of attacks: targeted attack that enforces a specific modification of the saliency map and untargeted attack when the importance scores of the top pixels from the original saliency map are significantly reduced. We perform empirical evaluation of the proposed backdoor attacks on gradient-based and gradient-free interpretation methods for a variety of deep learning architectures. We show that our attacks constitute a serious security threat when deploying deep learning models developed by untrusty sources. Finally, in the Supplement we demonstrate that the proposed methodology can be used in an inverted setting, where the correct saliency map can be obtained only in the presence of a trigger (key), effectively making the interpretation system available only to selected users.
Comparison of household income in in-hospital outcomes after implantation of left ventricular assist device

Introduction Due to the inability to keep up with the demand for heart transplantation, there is an increased utilization of left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). However, paucity of data exists regarding the association of household income with in-hospital outcomes after LVAD implantation. Methods Retrospective cohort study using the NIS to identify all patients ⩾18 years who underwent LVAD implantation from 2011 to 2017. Statistical analysis was performed comparing low household income (⩽50th percentile) and high income (>50th percentile). Results A total of 25,503 patients underwent LVAD implantation. The low-income group represented 53% and the high-income group corresponded to 47% of the entire cohort. The low-income group was found to be younger (mean age 55 ± 14 vs 58 ± 14 years), higher proportion of females (24% vs 22%), and higher proportion of blacks (32% vs 16%, p Conclusion In patients undergoing LVAD implantation nationwide, low-income was associated with increased comorbidity burden, younger age, and fewer in-hospital complications and all-cause mortality.
Antimicrobial peptides are induced in the lower bowel after acute Helicobacter hepaticas infection (MUC2P.824)

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play an essential role in innate immunity to enteric bacterial infection. Previous studies have demonstrated higher antimicrobial peptides RegIIIβ and RegIIIγ expression in the colon of AOM treated 129 RAG-deficient mice 12 weeks post Helicobacter hepaticus (Hh) infection. Blocking of IL-22 interferes with AMP induction. However, whether Hh infection alone acutely induces AMP expression, and whether the ability of Hh to induce AMP expression varies in the different regions of the large bowel has not been evaluated. To examine these issues, several anatomical regions of the lower bowel from 129 Rag2-/- mice were examined at 2 and 6 weeks post Hh infection. Surprisingly, we found that while AMP expression at baseline was markedly lower in the cecum than the colon, AMP expression in the cecum was strongly induced within 2 weeks of Hh infection. This was associated with higher expression of IL-22, and cecal tissue infiltration by neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes. In contrast, Hh infection markedly inhibited IL-25 mRNA expression in both the cecum and colon. Interestingly, AMP expression is not regulated by production of IL-10 within the innate immune system. We hypothesize that Hh mediated induction of AMP may lead to alterations in the cecal microbiome. Further, we propose that this rapid model of Hh-induced AMP expression will be useful for delineating key cellular and molecular pathways that regulate intestinal innate inflammatory pathways.
RELEVANCE OF PARAMETERS FOR PRE- AND POSTNATAL THERAPY IN HEMOLYTIC DISEASE.

1 T H A s become axiomatic that the two principal risks facing the offspring of Rhsensitized mothers differ in their underlying mechanisms and require separate appraisal for therapeutic purposes. The risk of hydrops fetalis is commensurate with the severity of the basic disease process of hemolysis as manifested (though not directly measurable) by the degree of intrauterine anemia, and determined by what might be called the “effective dose” of maternal antibody. The risk of kernicterus, on the other hand, is not necessarily proportional to the severity of the basic process or the effective close of antibody, since it arises from the postnatal accumulation of bilirubin which is determined not only by the rate of hemolysis but by several largely independent variables governing the metabolism and distribution of the pigment, notably the capacity of the individual neonate for hepatic conjugation. It follows that one and the same definition of “severity” does not adequately express the two kinds of risk, and that criteria as well as therapeutic rationale must be designed in relation to the specific mechanism
Rescher’s Hypothetical Reasoning: An Amendment

1. Rescher 1964 — henceforth HR — proposes a way of reasoning from a set of hypotheses which may include both some of our beliefs and also hypotheses contradicting those beliefs. The aim of this paper is to point out what I take to be a fault in Rescher’s proposal, and to suggest a modification of it, using a nonclassical logic, which avoids that fault. The paper neither attacks nor defends the broader aspects of Rescher’s proposal, but merely assumes that it is at least prima facie worthwhile and therefore worthy of amendment; consequently, I shall try to tinker as little as possible. In particular, the use of a nonclassical logic which I propose does not. replace any use by HR of classical logic — in those places where Rescher is classical, I shall be classical, too. (Instead, the amendment introduces a nonclassical logic at a point where HR uses no logic at all.)
Information Processing: Attention and Memory

Publisher Summary Information processing literature as defined by memory and attention offers little in the way of new treatment insights, but reinforces the underlying rationale for current treatment approaches for depression. Attention and memory are among numerous cognitive factors that may play a role in the risk process. They are the basic building blocks of cognition and lay the foundation for all cognitive approaches to depression. This chapter serves to validate important aspects of cognitive models, but also offers promise for helping to identify risk variables that might be targeted in prevention efforts. Treatments that target the modification of constructs such as schemas must by necessity alter the information processing that is associated with schemas. The foremost reason to understand risk factors is so that future, or first, onsets can be prevented, or their impact diminished. The methodologies are available and, to the extent that vulnerability researchers are willing to adopt them, much can be understood about the mechanisms underlying schemas and how these mechanisms function in the onset, course, treatment, and prevention of depression.
Cushing Syndrome in Childhood

Cushing syndrome is a multisystem disorder resulting from the body’s prolonged exposure to excess production of glucocorticoids. It is characterized by truncal obesity, growth deceleration, characteristic skin changes, muscle weakness, and hypertension. Most commonly, Cushing syndrome in childhood results from the exogenous administration of glucocorticoids. In this chapter, we present the causes and discuss the treatment of endogenous Cushing syndrome.
Analytical Marxism: A Critical Overview*

The school of Analytical Marxism (henceforth, AM) has presented its work as response to certain crisis elements within Traditional Marxism (henceforth, TM). These crisis elements are both theoretico-analytical and historico-political; they involve questions about the validity of traditional Marxian categories (labor-values, exploitation, and so forth) and about the ability of TM to understand historical developments in both socialism and capitalism (Roemer 1986, 1-2 and 191). As a response to these crisis elements, AM has proposed that Marxian theory be reformulated from the standpoint of the principle of methodological individualism, and AM has indeed produced a transformation of the Marxian conceptual landscape, rejecting some concepts (labor values) while redefining others (exploitation). Our own view is rather critical of AM. While we recognize that there are problems with TM, and while we agree that these problems are significant enough to require a fundamental rethinking of Marxian theory, we do not believe that AM represents a successful attempt to reconceive the structure of Marxian theory. We believe, on the contrary, that AM represents a retreat from Marxian theory and, more precisely, a retreat even from those aspects of the Marxian tradition in which AM professes an interest. We believe, moreover, that whereas AM has claimed itself to be more scientific and analytically rigorous than TM, these claims of analytical rigor are a rhetorical device that only camouflages (though, perhaps, not consciously) the retreat from Marxian theory.1
An Approach for Multi-Stage Calculations Incorporating Unsteadiness

This paper describes a mathematical approach to the calculation of unsteady flow in multi-stage turbomachinery. An asymptotic formulation is used, with the small asymptotic parameter being the level of unsteadiness in each blade row. The baseline flow is the nonlinear steady flow that is computed by many existing multi-stage calculation methods. The first order linear perturbation is the unsteady flow field arising from stator/rotor interactions between neighboring blade rows. The second order correction contains the information about the time-averaged effect of unsteadiness on the mean flow. The advantage of this asymptotic approach is that it leads to a set of equations which can be solved numerically very much more cheaply than the full nonlinear unsteady flow equations, while still retaining the key features of the flow.Copyright © 1992 by ASME
Dynamic Weight-Shifting to Reduce Rollover Risk in High Speed Mobile Manipulators

Small unmanned ground vehicles risk rollover at high speeds. This paper proposes use of a manipulator arm on the robot in a dynamic weight-shifting arrangement to reduce rollover risk. A simple linear control law for dynamic weight-shifting of the manipulator arm is proposed. A linear dynamic model is used to analyze the effect of the arm design (link length, mass, etc.) on the roll dynamics, and a more complex nonlinear simulation in Simulink SimMechanics is used to evaluate roll reduction for various steering angles and velocities. Simulations given the same steering input with dynamic weight-shifting showed a roll reduction factor of 12%. For the same radius turn, a roll reduction factor of 29% was observed. A 50% reduction in steering angle was used to achieve a similar turning radius with dynamic weight-shifting activated. By increasing rollover stability, dynamic weight-shifting has the potential to increase safe operating speeds for mobile robots.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Nuclear receptor coregulators as a new paradigm for therapeutic targeting

The complex function and regulation of nuclear receptors cannot be fully understood without a thorough knowledge of the receptor-associated coregulators that either enhance (coactivators) or inhibit (corepressors) transcription. While nuclear receptors themselves have garnered much attention as therapeutic targets, the clinical and etiological relevance of the coregulators to human diseases is increasingly recognized. Aberrant expression or function of coactivators and corepressors has been associated with malignant and metabolic disease development. Many of them are key epigenetic regulators and utilize enzymatic activities to modify chromatin through histone acetylation/deacetylation, histone methylation/demethylation or chromatin remodeling. In this review, we showcase and evaluate coregulators--such as SRCs and ANCCA--with the most promising therapeutic potential based on their physiological roles and involvement in various diseases that are revealed thus far. We also describe the structural features of the coactivator and corepressor functional domains and highlight areas that can be further explored for molecular targeting.
Francis Xavier Dercum: a man for all seasons.

Francis Xavier Dercum (1856–1931) is known primarily for his prominence in the field of neurology and for his identification of “Adiposis Dolorosa”, known as Dercum’s disease. His brilliance, however, extends well beyond neurology. Born and raised in Philadelphia to parents of American and European descent, Dercum’s natural curiosity oriented his interests toward medicine and philosophy. His scholarship flourished, and much recognition came his way. He died in Benjamin Franklin’s Chair, closing what would be his last session as President of the American Philosophical Society. From anatomy, histology, pathology, and neurology to teaching, writing, and philosophy, Dercum’s life was that of a man for all seasons.
Deuterium retention in tungsten after heavy ion damage and hydrogen isotope exchange in PISCES

Abstract The effect of H isotope exchange and radiation damage on the retention of D in W was examined in the PISCES linear plasma device. W samples were treated with D plasma at low sample temperatures (473 K), with a fluence of 1026 ions/m2 and ion energies of 150 eV. Each sample was then exposed to varying doses of H plasma with similar sample temperature and plasma conditions to fluences ranging from 0 to 1026 ions/m2, to examine the effectiveness of isotope exchange as a means of tritium removal. The D(3He, p)4He nuclear reaction was used to measure D concentration profiles up to a depth of 7.7 μm. Thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) was used to determine the D retained throughout the bulk of the sample. Isotope exchange allows for a unique study of atomic migration by separately examining the diffusion of implanted atoms from those bombarding the surface. D atoms are exchanged out of traps as a result of H plasma bombardment and diffuse until either falling into another trap or reaching the surface to recombine and escape. Radiation damage at levels of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 displacements per atom (dpa) was carried out before plasma exposure on some samples with 2 MeV Cu ions as a surrogate for damage caused by fusion neutrons. The Cu ion damage was compared to damage induced by 6 MeV W ions to see if there is an effect of Cu contamination on retention. We saw little difference in Cu versus W ion damage at low dpa, but at 1 dpa, where Cu content reached 65 appm, contamination seems to be significant. Retention measurements showed that ion damage has little effectiveness on isotope removal at these sample temperatures; however, there is evidence to suggest that the trapping mechanisms in W change as damage is increased.
SEARCH FOR MULTIPION RESONANCES WITH I = 2.

We have performed a search for $I=2$ multipion resonances (${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{-}}$) in reactions of the type ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}n\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p{\ensuremath{\chi}}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{-}}$, where ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{-}}$ decays into ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ with or without extra ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ mesons. Our results at a ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ beam momentum of 7 GeV/c indicate that if these resonant states exist and if they have widths of \ensuremath{\le}160 MeV, then they are produced only with cross sections which are one to two orders of magnitude lower than the production cross sections measured for the well-established resonances.
Distinction between epigenic and hypogenic maze caves

Abstract Certain caves formed by dissolution of bedrock have maze patterns composed of closed loops in which many intersecting fractures or pores have enlarged simultaneously. Their origin can be epigenic (by shallow circulation of meteoric groundwater) or hypogenic (by rising groundwater or production of deep-seated solutional aggressiveness). Epigenic mazes form by diffuse infiltration through a permeable insoluble caprock or by floodwater supplied by sinking streams. Most hypogenic caves involve deep sources of aggressiveness. Transverse hypogenic cave origin is a recently proposed concept in which groundwater of mainly meteoric origin rises across strata in the distal portions of large flow systems, to form mazes in soluble rock sandwiched between permeable but insoluble strata. The distinction between maze types is debated and is usually based on examination of diagnostic cave features and relation of caves to their regional setting. In this paper, the principles of mass transfer are applied to clarify the limits of each model, to show how cave origin is related to groundwater discharge, dissolution rate, and time. The results show that diffuse infiltration and floodwater can each form maze caves at geologically feasible rates (typically within 500 ka). Transverse hypogenic mazes in limestone, to enlarge significantly within 1 Ma, require an unusually high permeability of the non-carbonate beds (generally ≥ 10−4 cm/s), large discharge, and calcite saturation no greater than 90%, which is rare in deep diffuse flow in sedimentary rocks. Deep sources of aggressiveness are usually required. The origin of caves by transverse hypogenic flow is much more favorable in evaporite rocks than in carbonate rocks.
Beyond the Perception and the Obvious: What Sex Offender Registries Really Tell Us and Why

This work examines the sex offender registries in 49 states in terms of the public information they offer from a social construction and social reality standpoint. Social construction is the dominant perspective for the information given about sex offenders to the point where the market for public information may be failing in this regard. This failure could indeed be caused by how difficult it is for a society to look at such acts, focusing on the offender instead. Oregon and West Virginia emerge as registries higher on social construction and reality than others, though none emerges as clearly the most “informative.” Third-party dissemination of information is explored.
Diagnosing Fracture Network Pattern and Flow Regime Aids Production Performance Analysis in Unconventional Oil Reservoirs

Many tight or shale gas wells exhibit a linear flow regime that can last for years. However, production analysis in unconventional oil reservoirs, such as the Bakken, shows that the linear flow regime is not the only dominant flow regime. Field data suggest that the duration of boundary-dominated flow influenced by the stimulated-reservoir volume (SRV) and compound-linear flow generally overshadow the early-time linear flow regime. Depending on the fracture network or SRV patterns, formation linear flow in unconventional oil reservoirs may only last for a few months but contribute about 30% of the total estimated ultimate recovery (EUR). This study develops a procedure for identification of different fracture network patterns and inference of related flow parameters based on analytical methods. The reservoir description so derived is transported to a numerical reservoir-flow simulation model to capture the effects of compaction, multiphase flow behavior, and various flow regimes in an unconventional oil reservoir system. This coupled approach helps illuminate reservoir performance, which allows insights into history matching. In particular, we demonstrate (a) fracture network patterns and flow regime diagnosis through rate-transient analysis; (b) coupled numerical reservoir simulation with analytical modeling results for performance-constrained history matching; (c) sensitivity analysis on the heterogeneity effect, compaction effect, and multiphase flow effects; and (d) field application of the proposed procedure on Bakken wells. This proposed method demonstrates that analytical methods should be used before undertaking a detailed numerical reservoirflow simulation study. This understanding paves the way for much improved reservoir characterization in unconventional oil reservoirs.