cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Arachidonic acid metabolism in gerbil cerebra: effects of ischemia and pentobarbital.

Pentobarbital pretreatmint may be used to predict biochemical events involved in ischemic brain damage following bilateral carotid artery ligations in the gerbil, since it reduces the subsequent edema and mortality. The effects of this anesthetec on the ischemia-induced modifications of cerebral arachidonic acid metabolism were investigated, in order to correlate observed alterations with tissue damage. Cerebral lipids were radiolabeled in vivo with [3H] arachidonec acid prior to 10 min of cerbral ischemia and 0-120 min of perfusion. Ischemia stimulated a 97.3% increase in unesterified [3H] arachidonate, which was dut to the loss of label from choline, inositol, and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids. Tissue reperfusion stimulated further reductions in [3H] choline and [3H] inositol glycerophospholipids, while ethanolamine glycerophospholipip and trigyceride labeling increased. Inositol glycerophospholipid, but not chline glycerophospholipid, labeling returned to control level by 60 min of reperfusion. Pentobarbital pretreatment reduced the accumulation of [3H] arachidonate by 56.2% during ischemia. It increassed the recovery of [3H]ethanolamine glycerophospholipids during the ischemic period and [3H]choling glycerophospholipids dduring the first 5 min of reperfusion. Thessses effects accountedd for the feduction of unesterifiedd [3H]arachidonate obsserved during ischemia and reperfusion.
New trade-offs in cost-sharing mechanisms

A cost-sharing mechanism is a protocol that collects bids from a set of players, selects a subset of the players to receive a service (incurring a subset-dependent cost), and determines a price to charge each of these players. Three standard requirements for cost-sharing mechanisms are incentive compatibility, which states that players are motivated to bid their true valuation for the service; budget-balance, meaning that the prices charged should recover the cost incurred; and efficiency, which states that the cost incurred and the valuations of the players served should be traded off in an optimal way. These three goals have been known to be mutually incompatible for thirty years. As a result, nearly all work on cost-sharing mechanisms in the economics and theoretical computer science literatures has focused on achieving two of these goals while completely ignoring the third.We show that incentive-compatibility, budget-balance, and approximate efficiency are simultaneously achievable for a wide range of cost functions, where efficiency is measured using the social cost---the sum of the incurred service cost and the excluded valuations. In particular, we prove such guarantees for well-known mechanisms for all submodular cost functions and for the Steiner tree cost function. We also prove a generic, quantifiable trade-off between the objectives of efficiency and budget-balance in groupstrategyproof cost-sharing mechanisms.
Bubble evolution and effects during tungsten processing

Abstract The sintered microstructure of potassium doped P/M tungsten is besides the usual residual porosity characterized by small nanosized spherical potassium filled bubbles in the diameter range between 10 and 50 nm. During the deformation of the sintered ingots the spherical bubbles change their morphology into elongated bubble tubes or ellipsoids. At intermediate annealings these potassium tubes decay above critical dimensions due to Rayleigh instabilities into rows of spherical bubbles which determine the recrystallization and the high temperature–low stress creep behaviour of doped tungsten wires. For a correct description of the occurring shape changes the relative density of the tungsten ingots at the beginning of the deformation steps as well as the deformation temperature and the temperature–time regime of intermediate annealings must be considered. In addition, there are significant differences between bubble sizes and bubble numbers located in the grain volume and at grain boundaries. For the occurrence of single bubbles a mechanism of “in situ spheroidization” during deformation will be proposed. Further reasons for discrepancies between experimental and modeled bubble dimensions at high true strains of deformation will be discussed.
Isolated pulmonary amyloidomas: Report of 3 cases with histologic and imaging findings

Amyloid tumors presenting as lung masses are rare. We report 3 patients seen over a 2-year period with multiple lung masses, 2 that were suspicious for metastasis, and one in a patient with chest pain. Pathologic evaluation demonstrated amyloid tumor in each case. Two demonstrated a prominent macrophage giant cell reaction; scattered polyclonal plasma cells were present in two of the cases. PET scanning of 2 of the patients revealed an SUV of 1.9 and 4.0, respectively. Short-term follow-up revealed that none of the 3 cases were associated with lymphoproliferative disorders. This small series and a literature review suggest that pulmonary amyloidomas are usually isolated lesions, and that PET may show increased uptake simulating a neoplasm.
Loss of viability and β-galactosidase-froming ability as a consequence of tritium decay in Escherichia coli

Abstract Decay of tritium incorporated into Escherichia coli prevents the bacteria from growing into colonies or from forming β-galactosidase. The rate of viability loss is similar when the 3 H is incorporated into DNA or into total nucleic acids. The somewhat slower rate of inactivation by 3 H incorporated into proteins is attributed to a geometrical factor. Ionizations caused by the emitted β-particles are thought to be primarily responsible for viability loss. Decays of 3 H in DNA are much more effective in preventing β-galactosidase formation than are decays in RNA or protein. Loss of enzyme-forming ability is attributed to recoil damage in the DNA. The similar sensitivities of viability and enzyme formation appear coincidental, since they are caused by different consequences of 3 H decay. Mated bacteria were prepared, radioactive in all parts except the genetic material carrying specificity for β-galactosidase formation. Viability but not enzyme formation was sensitive to 3 H decay. This result suggests that only 3 H decays in the specificity-carrying chromosome inactivate enzyme-forming ability.
Serum creatine kinase BB isoenzyme as a diagnostic aid in occult small cell lung cancer

Four patients with metastatic small cell carcinoma of the lung who had initial chest x-rays that did not reveal the cancer showed striking elevations of serum creatine kinase BB isoenzyme, which suggested the diagnosis and directed the subsequent evaluation. Creatine kinase BB isoenzyme elevation with widespread small cell carcinoma of the lung is probably more common than currently recognized, and is a useful diagnostic indicator for extensive stage small cell lung cancer, even in the absence of central nervous system metastases.
Crystal structure of the Tp34 (TP0971) lipoprotein of treponema pallidum: implications of its metal-bound state and affinity for human lactoferrin.

The Tp34 (TP0971) membrane lipoprotein of Treponema pallidum, an obligate human pathogen and the agent of syphilis, was previously reported to have lactoferrin binding properties. Given the non-cultivatable nature of T. pallidum, a structure-to-function approach was pursued to clarify further potential relationships between the Tp34 structural and biochemical properties and its propensity to bind human lactoferrin. The crystal structure of a nonacylated, recombinant form of Tp34 (rTp34), solved to a resolution of 1.9Aa, revealed two metaloccupied binding sites within a dimer; the identity of the ion most likely was zinc. Residues from both of the monomers contributed to the interfacial metal-binding sites; a novel feature was that the δ-sulfur of methionine coordinated the zinc ion. Analytical ultracentrifugation showed that, in solution, rTp34 formed a metal-stabilized dimer and that rTp34 bound human lactoferrin with a stoichiometry of 2:1. Isothermal titration calorimetry further revealed that rTp34 bound human lactoferrin at high (submicromolar) affinity. Finally, membrane topology studies revealed that native Tp34 is not located on the outer surface (outer membrane) of T. pallidum but, rather, is periplasmic. How propensity of Tp34 to bind zinc and the iron-sequestering lactoferrin may relate overall to the biology of T. pallidum infection in humans is discussed.
THE MECHANICAL THRESHOLD OF DYNAMICALLY DEFORMED COPPER AND NITRONIC 40

Measurements of the mechanical threshold, or threshold stress, are reported on quasi-statically and dynamically deformed copper and Nitronic 40. Results for copper show that the increase of the threshold stress with strain rate is similar to that of the flow stress. In Nitronic 40 the results show that the ratio of the flow stress to the threshold stress is approx.0.6. Both results indicate that the increased rate sensitivity found in these materials at high strain rates is not due to the predominance of a viscous drag deformation mechanism, as has been previously suggested.
Non-linear wave propagation in acoustically lined circular ducts

An analysis is presented of the nonlinear effects of the gas motion as well as of the acoustic lining material on the transmission and attenuation of sound in a circular duct with a uniform cross-section and no mean flow. The acoustic material is characterized by an empirical, nonlinear impedance in which the instantaneous resistance is a nonlinear function of both the frequency and the acoustic velocity. The results show that there exist frequency bandwidths around the resonant frequencies in which the nonlinearity decreases the attenuation rate, and outside which the nonlinearity increases the attenuation rate, in qualitative agreement with experimental observations. Moreover, the effect of the gas nonlinearity increases with increasing sound frequency, whereas the effect of the material nonlinearity decreases with increasing sound frequency.
Marking Fingerling Striped Bass and Blue Tilapia with Coded Wire Tags and Microtaggants

Abstract Fingerling striped bass (Morone saxatilis) of two year classes were tagged in four body locations with coded wire tags and on two locations with Microtaggants (laminated plastic particles containing layers of fluorescent and magnetic material). Retention of coded wire tags ranged from 33% for tags in the nose to 100% for tags in the cephalic portion of the adductor mandibularis (a small muscle located below the eye). Twenty percent of the fish tagged with Microtaggants in 1982 retained tags after 471 d; 98% of the ones tagged in 1983 retained Microtaggants after 270 d. Fingerling blue tilapias (Tilapia aurea) were tagged on the body with Microtaggant particles and in the nose and epaxial muscle with coded wire tags. After 328 d, retention was 11% for Microtaggants. Coded wire tag retention was 93% for tags in the nose, 94% for tags in the epaxial muscle anterior to the dorsal fin, and 88% for tags in the muscle posterior to the dorsal fin. For striped bass, implantation of coded wire tags in the ...
Introduction to the special issue on the 2006 reconfigurable and adaptive architecture workshop

The papers that follow comprise the proceedings of the first Reconfigurable and Adaptive Architecture Workshop (RAAW 2006) that was held in conjunction with the 39th International Conference on Microarchitecture in Orlando, Florida.
Toward Fully Automated High-Resolution Electron Tomography

Electron tomography is a powerful tool in elucidating the three-dimensional architecture of large biological complexes and subcellular organelles. Its use can be expanded through the simplification of the tomographic procedure by automation of its tasks. In this paper, we describe our EMACT/EMCAT system, which automates both tomographic data collection and reconstruction.
Immunofluorescent Detection of Two Thymidine Analogues (CldU and IdU) in Primary Tissue

Accurate measurement of cell division is a fundamental challenge in experimental biology that becomes increasingly complex when slowly dividing cells are analyzed. Established methods to detect cell division include direct visualization by continuous microscopy in cell culture, dilution of vital dyes such as carboxyﬂuorescein di-aetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE), immuno-detection of mitogenic antigens such as ki67 or PCNA, and thymidine analogues. Thymidine analogues can be detected by a variety of methods including radio-detection for tritiated thymidine, immuno-detection for bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU), chloro-deoxyuridine (CldU) and iodo-deoxyuridine (IdU), and chemical detection for ethinyl-deoxyuridine (EdU). We have derived a strategy to detect sequential incorporation of different thymidine analogues (CldU and IdU) into tissues of adult mice. Our method allows investigators to accurately quantify two successive rounds of cell division. By optimizing immunostaining protocols our approach can detect very low dose thymidine analogues administered via the drinking water, safe to administer to mice for prolonged periods of time. Consequently, our technique can be used to detect cell turnover in very long-lived tissues. Optimal immunofluoresent staining results can be achieved in multiple tissue types, including pancreas, skin, gut, liver, adrenal, testis, ovary, thyroid, lymph node, and brain. We have also applied this technique to identify oncogenic transformation within tissues. We have further applied this technique to determine if transit-amplifying cells contribute to growth or renewal of tissues. In this sense, sequential administration of thymidine analogues represents a novel approach for studying the origins and survival of cells involved in tissue homeostasis.
Paramagnetic states induced in amorphous As, Se, and As 2 Se 3 by electron bombardment at 77 K

Amorphous As, Se, and ${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ exhibit electron spin resonance (ESR) responses after irradiation with high energy (2 MeV) electrons at 77 K. Some of these ESR responses are stable at temperatures below about 77 K, although all are unstable at 300 K. In As and ${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ the electron irradiation produces ESR responses similar to, but distinguishable from, those created by irradiation with low intensity (\ensuremath{\sim} 1 mW ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$) near infrared light of near-band-gap energies (optically induced states). Qualitative features of the ESR line shapes suggest that some of the paramagnetic states produced by electron irradiation are either less distorted or more highly localized than those which can be induced optically. The paramagnetic states produced by electron irradiation are most likely the result of atomic displacements.
Morphological and behavioral embryology and spontaneous diapause in the African killifish, Aphyosemion gardneri

A brief description of the morphological and behavioral development of embryos of the African killifish, Aphyosemion gardneri, is presented. Most embryos spontaneously entered a period of prolonged, reversible developmental arrest of variable duration at the pre-hatching interval. This is presumed to be an adaptation to the unstable natural habitat of this group of fishes. Aspects of the pre-hatching arrest of A. gardneri and the annual Austrofundulus myersi are compared.
Equilibrium, structural contradictions, and social conflicts: Revisiting Stinchcombe

Through an elaboration of Stinchcombe's model of the structure of functional explanations, this paper attempts to integrate the notions of equilibrium structures, structural contradictions, and social conflicts. It proposes that two variables of an unquestionably empirical nature can account for the distinctions among the three structural forms: (1) the emergence of a double loop in the basic structure of functional systems and (2) the embodiment of systemic, mechanical forces in the intentions and actions of persons.
Estimating disturbance effects from military training using developmental instability and physiological measures of plant stress

Abstract We used developmental instability, water potential, and variable fluorescence to determine if populations of winged sumac (Rhus copallinum) were being negatively effected by military training disturbance. We established nine sites that represented a land-use disturbance gradient with three impact levels (low, medium, and high), the effects mostly due to mechanized infantry training maneuvers. Although mean values of developmental instability, water potential, and variable fluorescence differed significantly among sites, the patterns did not consistently differentiate sites relative to the disturbance gradient. At the population level, some measures of developmental instability and variable fluorescence were positively correlated. All nine sites consisted of habitat mosaics, with the abundance of higher quality habitat patches and canopy gaps closely related to habitat impacts. It may be that R. copallinum is selecting similar micro-environments at all sites and therefore minimizing inter-site variation in stress measures, despite large differences in overall habitat condition. Our results call for caution in developing ecological indicators using the response of physiological and morphological measures from a single plant species.
Automated parallelization of timed Petri-net simulations

Timed Petri-nets are used to model numerous types of large complex systems, especially computer architectures and communication networks. While formal analysis of such models is sometimes possible, discrete-event simulation remains the most general technique available for assessing the model''s behavior. However, simulation''s computational requirements can be massive, especially on the large complex models that defeat analytic methods. One way of meeting these requirements is by executing the simulation on a parallel machine. This paper describes simple techniques for the automated parallelization of timed Petri-net simulations. We address both the issue of processor synchronization, as well as the automated mapping, static and dynamic, of the Petri-net to the parallel architecture. As part of this effort we describe a new mapping algorithm, one that also applies to more general parallel computations. We establish analytic properties of the solution produced by the algorithm, including optimality on some regular topologies. The viability of our integrated approach is demonstrated empirically on the Intel iPSC/860 and Delta architectures using many processors. Excellent performance is observed on models of parallel architectures.
Oil Reservoir Characterization via Crude Oil Analysis by Downhole Fluid Analysis in Oil Wells with Visible−Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and by Laboratory Analysis with Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry

In the first study of its kind, we analyze heavy ends of crude oils to characterize oil reservoirs by both in situ downhole fluid analysis (DFA) in oil wells along with heavy-end fingerprinting utilizing ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. One of the biggest problems in the exploitation of oil reservoirs in high-cost settings is the difficulty of characterizing flow connectivity or compartmentalization of the various permeable zones. Standard industry methods to determine compartmentalization either fail or are prohibitively expensive. A relatively new method of performing DFA on crude oils has identified compartmentalization on a regular basis and is rapidly becoming an industry standard. Here, compartmentalization is established in an oil-containing vertically stacked sand−shale sequence by performing visible−near-infrared spectroscopy on crude oils in situ in the oil well. These crude oils are then fingerprinted by electrospray ionization−Fourier-transform ion-cyclotron-resonance mass spectroscopy....
Non-parallel flow effects on the stability of film flow down a right circular cone

A global asymptotic solution for the linear stability of this flow with respect to axisymmetric disturbances is developed without invoking the usual quasi-parallel flow assumption. This solution predicts the occurrence of quasi-periodic spatially amplified disturbances relatively near the apex, which ultimately are stabilized further down the cone by the relative increase in viscous forces associated with the progressive thinning of the film. The wave speed and wavelength of these disturbances are found to decrease with increasing distance from the apex.
Differences in the association of hip cartilage lesions and cam-type femoroacetabular impingement with movement patterns: a preliminary study.

Objective To investigate the differences in hip movement patterns during different daily and athletic activities in persons with cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) with and without cartilage lesions compared with control subjects in a preliminary study. Design Controlled laboratory study using a cross-sectional design. Setting Research institution with a tertiary care medical center. Participants Fifteen subjects [M:F, 13:2; age, 31.6 ± 9.7 years (range, 22-52 years); body mass index, 24.9 ± 4.6 (range, 18.8-38.4); FAI:control, 7:8]. Methods All subjects had 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging of the hip and also underwent 3-dimensional motion capture during walking, deep-squat, and drop-landing tasks. Experienced radiologists graded cartilage lesions on clinical magnetic resonance images. Outcomes Peak kinematic and kinetic variables were compared between subjects who did and did not have FAI, and subjects who had FAI and cartilage lesions were compared with subjects who did not have cartilage lesions. Results Subjects who had FAI demonstrated no significant differences for walking or drop landing compared with control subjects. However, during the deep-squat task, subjects with FAI adducted more and had a greater internal rotation moment. Subjects who had cartilage lesions in the presence of a cam lesion demonstrated (1) no difference for walking; (2) greater adduction, greater internal rotation moment, and lower transverse plane range of motion during the deep-squat task; and (3) greater adduction and lower internal rotation during the drop-landing task compared with subjects who did not have cartilage lesions. Conclusions We observed differences in movement patterns between subjects who had FAI compared with control subjects. However, the differences were more pronounced between subjects with FAI who had cartilage lesions compared with subjects who did not have cartilage lesions. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the complex interplay between bony morphologic features, cartilage lesions, and movement patterns in persons with cam-type FAI.
Evaluation of an Interactive Case-Based Online Network (ICON) in a Problem Based Learning Environment.

Purpose: This study sought to assess the introduction of a web-based innovation in medical education that complements traditional problem-based learning curricula. Utilizing the case method as its fundamental educational approach, the Interactive Case-based Online Network (ICON) allows students to interact with each other, faculty and a virtual patient in difficult neurological cases. Given the paucity of available metrics to benchmark online systems, we complement user perceptions with data on system utilization. Methods: We describe a case study of distinct, small group tutorials over 2 years as part of the Human Nervous System and Behavior (HNSB) course at the Harvard Medical School. Participating students and faculty were interviewed following completion of the course and their utilization of the system was recorded and examined. Results: Students each spent 3.2±1.3 h (mean±SD) through 8.6±2.8 accessions per week using ICON outside of required tutorial time. Faculty each spent 4.8±3.4 h through 16.6±8.9 accessions per week on ICON. Students identified real-time engagement, stronger relationships with faculty, increased accountability to the tutorial group and self-selected pace as the most beneficial characteristics of the ICON-based tutorial in comparison to traditional problem based learning (PBL) tutorials. Faculty identified enhanced collaboration with students and more realistic student experiences as the most beneficial characteristics. Both students and faculty reported that limitations of ICON included increased time investment for faculty and increased reliance on good faculty mentorship. Conclusion: This is the first study of the ICON learning system in undergraduate medical education, a platform designed to facilitate collaboration outside of the classroom. Data on user perceptions and system utilization suggest that both faculty and students chose to adopt this online learning system as a means for collaboration. The study also outlines future avenues for research in assessing novel online technologies.
Measurement of Antiproton-Proton Forward Charge-Exchange Scattering

There is a well-known forward peak in the np forward charge-exchange cross section, for momentum transfers |t|≲mπ2. We have performed an experiment to look for analogous behavior in the reaction pp→nn. The data cover the kinematical region 0≤|t|≤1.5mπ2 at an incident antiproton momentum of 1.80 GeV/c. A forward peak is observed, which is estimated (from results of other experiments) to be considerably smaller than that for np charge exchange. This result can be understood in terms of interference between one-pion exchange and exchange of a particle with even G parity.
Particle transport in porous media

The migration and capture of particles (such as colloidal materials and microorganisms) through porous media occur in fields as diversified as water and wastewater treatment, well drilling, and various liquid-solid separation processes. In liquid waste disposal projects, suspended solids can cause the injection well to become clogged, and groundwater quality can be endangered by suspended clay and silt particles because of migration to the formation adjacent to the well bore. In addition to reducing the permeability of the soil, mobile particles can carry groundwater contaminants adsorbed onto their surfaces. Furthermore, as in the case of contamination from septic tanks, the particles themselves may be pathogens, i.e., bacteria and viruses.
External auditory canal foreign body removal: Management practices and outcomes†

Objectives/Hypothesis: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of external auditory canal foreign body removal attempts by health care practitioners and to explore outcomes of patients with unsuccessful initial removal attempts. Study Design: Retrospective case series. Methods: A case series of patients presenting with external auditory canal foreign body to the emergency department of the authors' institution (Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center) over a 3-year period was studied retrospectively. Medical records were reviewed, and information including age at presentation, type of foreign body, side of presentation, length of time in place, signs and symptoms at presentation, management practices, and outcomes was recorded. Results: One hundred sixty-two patients with a diagnosis of external auditory canal foreign body were identified. Emergency personnel successfully managed 67% of patients using direct visualization techniques, and 33% required otolaryngological consultation. Otolaryngologists used otomicroscopy with standard otological instruments as their mainstay of management. Analysis of successfully managed emergency department cases revealed that 82% of foreign bodies were irregularly shaped objects with soft, graspable parts. Conversely, 72% of foreign bodies in otolaryngology referrals were firm, rounded objects such as beads and beans. Analysis of patients referred to otolaryngologists revealed a requirement for removal under anesthesia of 19%. Patients with a history of one or more removal attempts before emergency department evaluation universally failed further direct visualization techniques. A disproportionate number of these patients eventually required operative intervention and/or had tympanic membrane perforation. Patients with a history of previous removal attempt(s) who were referred directly to otolaryngologists were more likely to be successfully managed without general anesthesia. Conclusion: Emergency room personnel successfully manage the majority of patients with foreign bodies of the external auditory canal. For patients with firm, rounded objects, direct otolaryngology consultation without further manipulation should be strongly considered. Patients who have had previous removal attempts should not undergo further manipulation in the emergency department but rather should be referred directly to an otolaryngologist.
Glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine in urine of neuro-blastoma patients

Abstract A glycopeptide, which consists of glucose, galactose and hydroxylysine with a 1 : 1 : 1 molar ratio, has been isolated from urine of a neuroblastoma patient. The hydroxyl group of the hydroxylysine and C 1 of the galactose were shown to be involved in the sugar-amino acid linkage of the glycopeptide. Among eleven neuroblastoma patients whose urinary amino acids were investigated, three patients were found to excrete the glycopeptide.
Concepts of multiple congenital contractures (arthrogryposis) in man and animals

This is a concept of multiple congenital contractures, based upon clinical experience with the malformation and available literature, leading to a conception of the multiple categories of etiology, which cause neuropathic or myopathic muscle weakness or limb immobilization. The muscle weakness and imbalance of muscle power around the joints elicits a physiological compensatory collagenic response, which replaces atrophied muscle fibers with connective tissue and thickens the joint capsule sufficiently to result in prenatal fixation of limb segments at the joint.
Novel Micromechanics-Based Woven-Fabric Composite Constitutive Model with Material Nonlinear Behavior

An averaging procedure is presented for analysis of plain-weave-fabric composites with material nonlinear behavior.Arepresentativevolumecellisassumed.Thecellisdividedintomanysubcells,andaveragingisperformed again. The effective stress-strain relations of the subcell are obtained. Using iso-stress and iso-strain assumptions, the constitutive equations are averaged along the thickness direction. As a result, a linear system of equations is formed and subsequently solved to distribute the global average strains to each subcell. In this manner, given the average strains, the global average stresses can be determined. Numerical results are generated for plain-weave composite with material nonlinear behavior. Nomenclature a = half-length of the representative cell b = half-width of the representative cell E = Young’ s modulus G = shear modulus H = height of the representative cell Ht = height of e ber tows Sij = compliance components in principal material system Sij = compliance components of constituents in global coordinate system h f = local angle between the e ll yarn and global coordinate system h w = local angle between the warp yarn and global coordinate system ( - ) = average quantities of representative volume cell
Pulmonary Embolism in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Transplant Recipients

The objectives of the study were the assessment of the incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) in lung transplant recipients. We performed a retrospective review of the medical records in a tertiary center lung transplant program. A total of 72 lung transplants were performed. There were seven symptomatic PE events diagnosed among six patients (group 1). All PE events were in the subgroup of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) [6 of 23 patients (27%) vs 0 among all other patients (0%); p
Lineshape distortions in fir cyclotron resonance of MOS structures

Abstract Cyclotron resonance lineshape distortions which include appreciable shifts in the peak position have been observed in far infrared laser transmission measurements of MOS structures. Experimental studies and a complete theoretical treatment show that these distortions arise from multiple interference effects in plane parallel sample substrates and from partial circular polarization of long wavelength coherent radiation owing to the light pipe optics.
Assortative mating in poison-dart frogs based on an ecologically important trait.

The origin of new species can be influenced by both deterministic and stochastic factors. Mate choice and natural selection may be important deterministic causes of speciation (as opposed to the essentially stochastic factors of geographic isolation and genetic drift). Theoretical models predict that speciation is more likely when mate choice depends on an ecologically important trait that is subject to divergent natural selection, although many authors have considered such mating/ecology pleiotropy, or “magictraits” to be unlikely. However, phenotypic signals are important in both mate choice and ecological processes such as avoiding predation. In chemically defended species, it may be that the phenotypic characteristics influencing mate choice are the same signals being used to transmit a warning to potential predators, although few studies have demonstrated this in wild populations. We tested for assortative mating between two color morphs of the Strawberry Poison-Dart Frog, Dendrobates pumilio ,ag roup with striking geographic variation in aposematic color patterns. We found that females significantly prefer individuals of their own morph under two different light treatments, indicating strong assortative mating based on multiple coloration cues that are also important ecological signals. This study provides a rare example of one phenotypic trait affecting both ecological viability and nonrandom mating, indicating that mating/ecology pleiotropy is plausible in wild populations, particularly for organisms that are aposematically colored and visually orienting.
Influence of contact configuration on fretting fatigue behavior of Ti–6Al–4V under independent pad displacement condition

Abstract Fretting fatigue tests were conducted, using cylindrical pad and flat pad with rounded edges, at various applied pad displacements and at two normal forces on the pad under a constant bulk stress amplitude condition. The evolution of tangential force was independent of the contact configuration at a given normal force. The ratio of the tangential force to normal force increased and stabilized to a certain value with increasing applied pad displacement. The minimum fretting fatigue life was observed at the relative slip range between 50 and 60 μm and it was independent of both contact configuration and applied normal force. With increase in the applied pad displacement the response of the tangential force (Q) and the relative slip (δ) showed different fretting conditions, i.e. stick, stick-slip and gross slip. The gross slip condition was characterized by rectangular shape of the Q–δ curve with or without monotonically increasing value of Q with increasing fretting fatigue cycles. Surface profile on the fretting scar was affected by the contact configurations. For cylinder-on-flat contact, the profile showed surface damage (e.g. material loss or wear) along the entire contact area. However, the fretting damage in flat-on-flat (with rounded edges) contact was concentrated on the edge, not affecting much of the flat portion of the fretting scar.
Polarized single photons from colloidal quantum dots in chiral microcavities at room temperature

We report elliptically-polarized fluorescence from colloidal semiconductor quantum dots in a chiral 1-D photonic bandgap microcavity composed of a planar-aligned cholesteric liquid crystal. Antibunched fluorescence proves a polarized single photon source operating at room temperature.
Right atrium tumor thrombus

A 60-year-old man presented with 2 week history of nausea, vomiting, malaise and altered mental status. Vomiting was mainly postprandial, bilious with no blood. This was associated with decreased appetite and mild epigastric dull pain with no radiation. Review of systems was significant for shortness of breath, dyspnea on exertion with no chest pain or palpitations. He denied melena, hematochezia, change in bowel habits and stool characteristics, change in the color of the urine or change in weight. He had history of hypertension controlled with amlodipine. During examination he was arousable with disorientation to time and place. Vitals were stable. Abdomen was tender in the epigastric area with no rebound, shifting …
Action recognition in videos acquired by a moving camera using motion decomposition of Lagrangian particle trajectories

Recognition of human actions in a video acquired by a moving camera typically requires standard preprocessing steps such as motion compensation, moving object detection and object tracking. The errors from the motion compensation step propagate to the object detection stage, resulting in miss-detections, which further complicates the tracking stage, resulting in cluttered and incorrect tracks. Therefore, action recognition from a moving camera is considered very challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel approach which does not follow the standard steps, and accordingly avoids the aforementioned difficulties. Our approach is based on Lagrangian particle trajectories which are a set of dense trajectories obtained by advecting optical flow over time, thus capturing the ensemble motions of a scene. This is done in frames of unaligned video, and no object detection is required. In order to handle the moving camera, we propose a novel approach based on low rank optimization, where we decompose the trajectories into their camera-induced and object-induced components. Having obtained the relevant object motion trajectories, we compute a compact set of chaotic invariant features which captures the characteristics of the trajectories. Consequently, a SVM is employed to learn and recognize the human actions using the computed motion features. We performed intensive experiments on multiple benchmark datasets and two new aerial datasets called ARG and APHill, and obtained promising results.
Surplus Structure from the Standpoint of Transcendental Idealism: The "World Geometries" of Weyl and Eddington

Recent discussions of “structural realism” in philosophy of science, jointly with a newly burgeoning philosophical interest in gauge aeld theories, have resuscitated in narrow compass the perennial puzzle attending the role, or roles, of mathematical representation in the formulation of physical theories. Structural realists urge that the continuity across theory change deemed characteristic of the “mature sciences” occurs only at the formal mathematical level, rather than of any particular entities posited by either preceding or successor theory. The realist intuition that science yields closer and closer “approximations” to the truth about nature is then redeemed as a growing accumulation of mathematical form or structure (Worrall 1989). The sought continuity between older and newer theory hence lies in a correspondence between their fundamental equations. In this way, mature sciences are regarded as tracking the relational structure of physical reality, the real relations among unobservable entities and not the content or nature of those entities. However, precisely which parts of a theory’s mathematical representation describe physical reality or, more modestly, could be considered to have a physical correlate, is a paramount issue in the interpretation of the gauge theories of modern particle physics. Here the presence of additional, or “surplus,” mathematical degrees of freedom introduce ambiguity into the physical system’s mathematical characterization. Famously, the four coordinate degrees of freedom im-
A model for analyzing the interface properties of a semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor structure. II. Transient capacitance technique

For pt.I see ibid., vol.39, no.7, p.1740-46 (1992). A bias-scan deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) method for measuring interface states in a semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor (SIS) capacitor structure is described. Introducing a charge coupling factor between the film/oxide (F/O) and the substrate/oxide (S/O) interfaces made it possible to extract interface trap densities from the measured transient signals. This technique was used to determine the interface trap densities and capture cross sections at both the F/O and S/O interfaces of SIMOX (separation by implantation of oxygen) based SIS capacitors. >
Maximum likelihood estimation in a multivariate ‘errors in variables’ regression model with unknown error covariance matrix

Two multivariate ‘errors in variables’ regression models are considered which generalize a model proposed by Gleser and Watson by allowing the errors of measurement e and f in the independent and dependent vector variables X and Y, respectively, to have common unknown covariance matrix Σ, rather than Σ = σ2I, as assumed by Gleser and Watson. In the first model, where the parameters are unrestricted, it is shown that maximum likelihood estimators (MLE) for the unknown parameters exist, but that the maximum likelihood equations do not appear to have a closed form solution. In the second model, where the regression matrix B and covariance matrix Σ have common known eigenvectors, MLE’s for the unknown parameters are obtained in closed form, and their consistency properties are investigated. Further, the distribution of, the MLE of B is obtained in this special case using the bivariate noncentral Wishart distribution in the linear case.
PTSD and Agent Orange: Implications for a Sociology of Veterans' Issues:

Two major controversies have marked the readjustment of Vietnam veterans to civilian life. The first surrounds the introduction of the diagnosis, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, into the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. The second concerns the debate over harmful effects on veterans of an herbicide widely used by the U.S. military in Vietnam, Agent Orange. Following a constructivist approach to social problems and disease, this article describes the politics of the two controversies and provides a preliminary "theory" for making sense of veterans' issues.
Incorporating modeling uncertainties in the assessment of seismic collapse risk of buildings

The primary goal of seismic provisions in building codes is to protect life safety through the prevention of structural collapse. To evaluate the extent to which current and past building code provisions meet this objective, the authors have conducted detailed assessments of collapse risk of reinforced-concrete moment frame buildings, including both ‘ductile’ frames that conform to current building code requirements, and ‘non-ductile’ frames that are designed according to out-dated (pre-1975) building codes. Many aspects of the assessment process can have a significant impact on the evaluated collapse performance; this study focuses on methods of representing modeling parameter uncertainties in the collapse assessment process. Uncertainties in structural component strength, stiffness, deformation capacity, and cyclic deterioration are considered for non-ductile and ductile frame structures of varying heights. To practically incorporate these uncertainties in the face of the computationally intensive nonlinear response analyses needed to simulate collapse, the modeling uncertainties are assessed through a response surface, which describes the median collapse capacity as a function of the model random variables. The response surface is then used in conjunction with Monte Carlo methods to quantify the effect of these modeling uncertainties on the calculated collapse fragilities. Comparisons of the response surface based approach and a simpler approach, namely the first-order second-moment (FOSM) method, indicate that FOSM can lead to inaccurate results in some cases, particularly when the modeling uncertainties cause a shift in the prediction of the median collapse point. An alternate simplified procedure is proposed that combines aspects of the response surface and FOSM methods, providing an efficient yet accurate technique to characterize model uncertainties, accounting for the shift in median response. The methodology for incorporating uncertainties is presented here with emphasis on the collapse limit state, but is also appropriate for examining the effects of modeling uncertainties on other structural limit states.
Pediatric Hospitalists Collaborate to Improve Timeliness of Discharge Communication

Objectives: The transition of care from hospital to primary care provider (PCP) at discharge carries the potential for significant information loss. There is evidence that the timeliness and content of discharge communication are often unreliable during this handoff. Suboptimal transitions of care at discharge have been associated with adverse outcomes, and efficient solutions are required to transform the current state. Our specific aim was the achievement 90% documentation of hospitalist-PCP communication within 2 days of hospital discharge in Methods: As part of a grassroots collaborative improvement organization, pediatric hospitalist groups engaged in parallel quality improvement projects to improve the timeliness and reliability of discharge communication at their local institutions. After an initial face-to-face meeting, e-mail and regular conference calls were used to promote shared effort and learning. The study period lasted 12 months, with >16 weeks of continuous data required for inclusion. Results: The mean rate of documentation of timely discharge communication across the collaborative increased from 57% to 85% over the study period. For the 7 hospitals that were able to collect >16 weeks of data before July 2010, the mean rate of communication was >90%. Participants reported that the context of the collaborative contributed to their success. Conclusions: Timely hospitalist-PCP communication was inconsistent at the beginning of the study. This low-resource quality improvement collaborative was able to achieve rapid improvement and resulted in improved perceptions of quality improvement knowledge among participants.