cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intact Hedonic Responses to Sweet Tastes in Autism Spectrum Disorder

The Sweet Taste Test (STT) is a standardized measure designed to index the ability to detect differences in sweet tastes (sweet taste sensitivity) and hedonic responses to sweet tastes (sweet taste liking). Profiles of response on the STT suggest enhanced hedonic responses to sweet tastes in psychiatric disorders characterized by dysfunctional reward processing systems, including binge-eating disorders and substance use disorders, and a putative mechanism governing STT responses is the brain opioid system. The present study examined STT responses in 20 adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 38 healthy control adults. There were no differences in sweet taste sensitivity or hedonic response to sweet tastes between the ASD and control groups. Within the ASD sample, ASD symptom severity was associated with sweet taste sensitivity, but not hedonic response to sweet taste. Results may ultimately shed light on brain opioid system functioning in ASD.
From broadcast television to Internet audio/video: techniques and tools for VCR-style interactivity

One of the new applications evolving in the Internet is streaming audio/video. A major reason for its growing popularity is interest in the compelling new services that become possible. Prototype services are being developed which are new to the Internet but offer the same look, feel, and functionality that have traditionally only been found in services delivered via other communication medium, e.g. broadcast television. In addition, the Internet is evolving to offer ‘value-added’ services, like streaming audio/video with VCR-style interactivity and embedded hyperlinks. We are poised both on seeing the development of new paradigms for interacting with audio/video, and on seeing the merging of broadcast television and Internet-based broadcasts. Before this process can be considered successful, a number of technical challenges, derived from the various ways in which content is physically delivered, must be solved. In this paper, we focus on the value-added service of VCR interactivity. VCR interactivity has long been a challenge for both broadcast television and streamed Internet audio/video. The challenge is how to provide individualized playout for content being streamed to a large group of users using one-to-many delivery. While some new companies are starting to offer devices which provide this kind of service for broadcast television, there are still numerous technical challenges for the Internet-based version of a similar service. This paper has a three-fold objective. First, we describe the types of services available in the traditional broadcast infrastructure and compare these to the types of services that are deployed or possible in Internet-based services. Second, we describe our attempts to implement some of the more challenging and novel service types. In particular, we examine client-based control of programs streamed over the Internet to tens, thousands, or even millions of users. Finally, we discuss the impact of these services on the protocols and applications used to support Internet-based, multi-party conferencing. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perception of syllable-initial and syllable-final nasals in English by Korean and Japanese speakers:

In both Korean and English, /m/ and /n/ contrast syllable-initially and /m/, /n/ and /r/ contrast syllable-finally. In Japanese, /m/ and /n/ contrast syllable-initially while nasals do not c...
Nitrogen isotopes in mammalian herbivores: hair δ15N values from a controlled feeding study

Nitrogen isotope analysis is a common technique for investigating dietary behaviour in modern and archaeological populations. One of its primary uses is to provide trophic level information. This application is possible because of a ∼3‰ enrichment in 15N along each step in the food chain, resulting in carnivores having higher δ15N values than herbivores, which in turn have higher δ15N values than plants. Much variation has also been observed within a trophic level, although the reasons for this are poorly understood. Here we present the results of a controlled feeding study designed to test the effects of gut anatomy and dietary protein levels on hair δ15N values within a trophic level. The data reveal that mammalian herbivores eating identical diets can have hair δ15N values that differ by as much as 3.6‰. This is particularly striking as it suggests that interspecific physiological differences can lead to larger shifts in δ15N values than a shift in trophic level. We also found that diet-hair fractionation was 2.3‰ greater when herbivores were fed high-protein (19%) diets than when they were fed low-protein (9%) diets. The primary nitrogen losses in mammalian herbivores are 15N-depleted urine and 15N-enriched faeces. We reason that an increase in the ratio of urinary to faecal nitrogen efflux leads to greater diet-hair fractionation on the high-protein diet. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discharges of Purkinje cells in monkey's flocculus during smooth-pursuit eye movements and visual stimulus movements.

Abstract Modulations in discharges of Purkinje cells (P cells) associated with movements of visual patterns were studied in the flocculus of monkeys trained to execute smooth-pursuit eye movements and to suppress optokinetic nystagmus. One class of P cells responded to the movements of visual stimulus regardless of whether the eyes remained stationary (produced retinal-slip velocity) or moved with the stimulus (produced eye velocity). These P cells processed high-order information concerning the absolute velocity of stimulus movements and thereby the eye velocity had already been incorporated in the visual responses ( visuomotor P cells ). The other class of P cells responded to visual inputs resulting from the retinal slip ( visual P cells ). The majority of visual P cells (82%) also modulated their activities during smooth pursuit. When sinusoidal trackings were executed against a stationary visual background, various types of interactions occurred in the P-cell responses between the converging visual and oculomotor inputs. The type of interaction was related to the preferred direction for the P cell during eye movements and the side of the peripheral receptive field.
Cell populations of the retina: the Proctor lecture.

It is now possible to describe—imperfectly, but in more than outline—the types of neurons by which the retina carries out its computations. This is the rough draft of a “neurome,” a conscious effort to list all the tissue's neurons. Identifying the cell populations has led directly to a revised conception of the retina's input–output functions and of the fundamental elements from which visual perception is built. The retina is the first substantially complex structure of the central nervous system for which such a more or less complete parts list is available (Fig. 1). The resulting picture, the work of a community of investigators worldwide, resulted in a paradigm shift. A retina once imagined as based around a 6- to 12-cell module was replaced by a retina of multiple parallel arrays, containing at least 60 functionally different cell types and decomposing the visual input into more than a dozen different representations. The multiplex structure raises fundamental questions about the events that must occur later, in the central visual system. Figure 1. The major cell populations of a generic mammalian retina, shown semi-schematically in section view. Mammalian retinas contain in excess of 60 distinct cell types, each carrying out a distinct, dedicated function. The populations of photoreceptor, horizontal, ... Here, I will give a global view of the retina's cell populations, aimed, like the Proctor Lecture itself, at an audience of nonspecialist vision scientists. I will review how the cell populations were revealed and how they participate in the retina's functions. Along the way, I will point out some of the places where our concepts of the retina were overturned and comment on the next generation of questions.
Electrochemical process for advanced package fabrication

Interconnections for high-end applications are essentially low-resistance transmission-line structures with precisely controlled cross-sectional shapes and dimensions. The relatively thick copper conductors-typically 6 µm or more-combined with the stringent control required on the 10-20-µm-wide cross sections stretches the capabilities of the subtractive etch and lift-off processes that are typically used in semiconductor fabrication to pattern evaporated and sputtered metal films. Electroplating through a photoresist mask, which has proven itself to be a highly effective, precision manufacturing process for thin-film magnetic recording heads, is, however, capable of meeting and far exceeding the requirements of package fabrication. This paper describes the fabrication of a package structure that integrates traditional dry-process technologies with electrolytic copper plating to form the conductors, polyimide backfill and planarization steps to form the dielectric, and electroless deposition to selectively clad the copper lines to prevent adverse reaction of the copper with water generated during the polyimide cure. The discussion highlights salient issues which are pertinent to the compatibility of the individual process steps and to the extension of the technology to more demanding packaging structures and to other applications.
Oligonucleotide fingerprint analysis of the genomes of two variants of bluetongue virus serotype 2 isolated in the U.S.A.

The genome segments of two electrophoretically distinct variants of bluetongue virus (BTV) Serotype 2 (Ona A and Ona B) from the U.S.A. were analyzed by double-dimension gel electrophoresis of RNase T1 produced oligonucleotides. Segments 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 10 were examined individually after separation by SDS-PAGE; and Segments 2 and 3, and 8 and 9, which were difficult to resolve, were fingerprinted as pairs. The Ona A and Ona B strains appeared to be closely related since corresponding segments were comparable, sharing 53-89% of the large oligonucleotides counted. Since the strains with the Ona A electropherotype preceded Ona B infection in Florida, U.S.A. and since Ona A was indistinguishable from the early African isolate of Serotype 2, Ona B was thought to be a variant of an Ona A strain. These data tend to support the hypothesis that Ona B could have evolved from Ona A as the result of point mutations or genetic drift.
Hyperplastic Polyps of the Gastric Antrum in Patients with Gastrointestinal Blood Loss

The significance of hyperplastic polyps of the gastric antrum in anemic patients with suspected gastrointestinal bleeding has not been determined. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and prognosis of such polyps in this patient group. Clinical records of patients referred to our endoscopy lab from November 1999 to February 2003 for the evaluation of iron deficiency anemia or suspected gastrointestinal bleeding were reviewed. There were 987 patients. Fourteen patients (1.4%) had hyperplastic polyps in the gastric antrum. Five of the patients reported melena, but the rest were asymptomatic. Multiple antral polyps were present in seven cases. The largest polyp measured 5.0 cm. Helicobacter pylori infection was present in one patient. All patients were anemic and nine had documented iron deficiency. No follow-up information was available in four patients. Hyperplastic polyps of the gastric antrum are a rare but significant cause of gastrointestinal blood loss in older patients. Removal of the polyps using endoscopic or surgical methods may be required for resolution of the blood loss along with iron supplementation. Gastroenterologists should be aware that hyperplastic polyps of the gastric antrum might result in gastrointestinal blood loss and iron deficiency anemia.
Clinical Studies in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: The CALGB Experience

Since 1984, the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) has focused its clinical research in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on investigations of new agents and combinations. Currently, efforts are aimed at identifying non-cisplatin-based combinations with an increased therapeutic index. In stage III disease multimodality therapies have been pursued. Dillman et al. reported a study comparing standard radiotherapy versus induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy in patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC. The chemotherapy-treated patients were found to benefit with a 4-month increase in median survival time compared with patients receiving radiotherapy alone (13.8 vs. 9.7 months) and an increased 3-year survival rate of 23% versus 11%. This was the first randomized cooperative group study demonstrating a survival advantage resulting from the use of induction chemotherapy in locoregionally advanced NSCLC. In a subsequent study, the administration of additional "posterior" chemotherapy was not found to be feasible because of early disease progression and toxicity, while the administration of induction chemotherapy followed by concomitant chemoradiotherapy was feasible; therefore, the latter approach was studied further in a randomized phase III setting. This study compared a standard of two cycles of cisplatin and vinblastine followed by radiotherapy with an experimental arm of cisplatin and vinblastine followed by radiotherapy and concomitant carboplatin. Accrual to this study has been completed and results are expected in the near future. In resectable stage III disease, studies have focused on the optimal sequencing of multimodality therapy. A randomized study comparing standard regional therapy with radiotherapy and surgery versus a previously piloted approach combining chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy was closed prematurely due to poor accrual. The next generation of studies in stage III NSCLC will focus on the integration of new chemotherapy agents into the treatment armamentarium for NSCLC. A randomized phase II study investigating paclitaxel, gemcitabine, and vinorelbine in combination with cisplatin in the induction setting and as concomitant chemoradiotherapy has recently been activated.
A Monographic Catalogue of the Mymarid Genus Alaptus Haliday, with Descriptions of Three New North American Forms and of Alaptus Iceryae Riley from Type Material

This paper is a catalogue monographic in nature, purely from the fact that as the species of the genus are listed, the original descriptions are quoted; it is not a monograph, as the types of most of the species have been inaccessible. Neither is the history of the genus touched upon to any extent on account of the lack of literature. Simply as a matter of convenience, the original descriptions of the species are given with the descriptions of the three new species here included, so that the descriptions of all the species of the genus are brought together. A preliminary bibliography of the species is also given, but it may be stated that the literature of the group is most fragmentary.
SU‐FF‐T‐159: Patient Quality Assurance Analysis for Tomotherapy

Purpose:IMRT plans developed for conventional Linac equipped with dynamic MLC can be independently verified using a number of commercially available software packages. For the HiArt TomoTherapy unit however, the only dose verification mechanism is by measurement. The purpose of this investigation is to analyze the patient specific quality assurance results for the HiArt TomoTherapy intensity modulated radiotherapytreatment planning and delivery system in our clinic. Method and Materials: We have developed a systematic patient specific IMRT QA program that was implemented in April of 2004. Once a QA plan is calculated, the dose to a phantom is measured using ion chamber and film. The ion chamber is placed 5 mm below the film which in turn is placed in the equator of a cylindrical solid water phantom. After the plan is delivered to the phantom, the point dose is recorded and the film is processed. Film calibration is performed daily using an in‐house developed protocol and software tool. Dosimetricanalysis is performed after the film and planar dose are co‐registered in the TomoTherapy planning station. In total, 63 patients were analyzed. Results:Dosimetricanalysis was performed based on both film and ion chamber measurements. The median and mode discrepancy is below 2% for the point measurements. Similar results are found for the film analysis which provides not only absolute dosimetry but also isodose distribution and profile comparison between measured and calculated planar dose distributions. The plane and points of calculation can introduce small errors in the analysis.Conclusion: A comprehensive patient QA program has been developed and the results of 63 patients are analyzed in this paper. Given the novel approach of TomoTherapy towards IMRT, it is important to see that for the majority of the patients the deviation between planned and delivered doses is less than 2%.
Recent deep-sea benthonic for aminiferal distributions in the southeast Indian Ocean: Inferred bottom-water routes and ecological implications

Abstract Deep-sea benthonic foraminifera have been quantitatively examined from a suite of 64 trigger-core tops in the southeast Indian Ocean between 25–50° S and 80–140° E to evaluate their possible relationships with deep-sea water masses. Factor analysis of the species-frequency data shows two faunal assemblages in the region. The first major faunal assemblage is dominated by Epistominella umbonifera (Cushman), Planulina wuellerstorfi (Schwager), Globocassidulina subglobosa (Brady), Pullenia bulloides (d'Orbigny), and Oridorsalis tener (Brady). This assemblage is associated with Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). Two subgroups exist within this assemblage. E. umbonifera dominates the faunal assemblage where the coldest (−0.2–0.4° C) AABW is found; G. subglobosa dominates the assemblage where warmer (0.6–0.8° C) AABW is present. The second major faunal assemblage is marked by a strong dominance of Uvigerina spp. and Epistominella exigua (Brady) and is associated with Indian Bottom Water (IBW) on the Southeast Indian Ridge and water intermediate between AABW and IBW in the South Australian Basin. The distribution of the first faunal assemblage suggests that AABW flows northward through the Southeast Indian Ridge at about 105–120° E into the South Australian Basin, and turns westward, forming a narrow western boundary current along the northern flank of the ridge. The bottom water is inferred to flow north to the Broken Ridge, where it is diverted eastward, and finally flows northward into the Wharton Basin between Broken Ridge and Naturaliste Plateau. The presence of such a contour current is supported by the existence of hiatuses and/or very low sedimentation rates in cores in the region of the inferred current. The bottom-water masses are clearly reflected by the benthonic foraminiferal faunal assemblages, but a correlation analysis between the faunal data and in-situ temperature, potential temperature, salinity, dissolved-oxygen content, sigma- t , > 63- μ m weight percent of sediment, depth, and a calcium carbonate dissolution indicator shows that none of these individual variables adequately explains the patterns of benthonic foraminifera. Furthermore, surface-water productivity does not appear to influence the distribution of the benthonic foraminiferal assemblages. Other environmental variables associated with distinct water masses must therefore influence the distribution of the faunas. Similar deep-sea benthonic foraminiferal faunal assemblages are found in the Atlantic, southwest Atlantic, and in the southeast Indian Ocean, but the physical variables associated with each assemblage are different. It is suggested that the availability of calcium carbonate in the bottom waters may play an important role as an environmental stress to the living organisms, and explain the distribution of deep-sea benthonic foraminifera.
Functional and structural remodeling of the myocardial microvasculature in early experimental hypertension

Advanced hypertension (HT), associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), impairs myocardial microvascular function and structure and leads to increased myocardial hypoxia and growth factor a...
Comments on Vic Blake, “In two Minds”

The paper poses questions raised by Vic Blake's response to the author's paper, “A Fork in the Royal Road: On ‘Defining’ the Unconscious and its Stakes for Social Theory” (PCS 9/1).
Strabismus in the Marfan Syndrome

We studied 573 patients with the Marfan syndrome for the presence of ocular misalignment, refractive errors, and amblyopia. A total of 110 patients (19.2%) had strabismus. Of 573 patients, exotropia occurred in 67 (11.7%), esotropia in 12 (2.1%), vertical deviations in eight (1.4%), and primary inferior oblique muscle overaction in three (0.5%). Of 67 patients with exotropia, 18 had anisometropia and 39 had amblyopia. Of the 12 patients with esotropia, four had amblyopia and none had anisometropia. Exotropia and esotropia are more common in patients with the Marfan syndrome than in the general population of the United States (P
The Ongoing Saga of Sirtuins and Aging

Sirtuins are known to slow aging in simple eukaryotes; however, viewing mammalian sirtuins as antiaging proteins may be overly simplistic. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Li et al. (2008) provide evidence that SirT1 has properties consistent with both pro- and antiaging functions in mice.
An autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease gene homolog is involved in intraflagellar transport in C. elegans ciliated sensory neurons

Abstract In this report, we show that the Caenorhabditis elegans gene osm-5 is homologous to the Chlamydomonas gene IFT88 and the mouse autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) gene, Tg737 . The function of this ARPKD gene may be evolutionarily conserved: mutations result in defective ciliogenesis in worms [1], algae [2], and mice [2, 3]. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is essential for the development and maintenance of motile and sensory cilia [4]. The biochemically isolated IFT particle from Chlamydomonas flagella is composed of 16 polypeptides in one of two Complexes (A and B) [5, 6] whose movement is powered by kinesin II (anterograde) and cytoplasmic dynein (retrograde) [7–9]. We demonstrate that OSM-5 (a Complex B polypeptide), DAF-10 and CHE-11 (two Complex A polypeptides), and CHE-2 [10], a previously uncategorized IFT polypeptide, all move at the same rate in C. elegans sensory cilia. In the absence of osm-5 , the C. elegans autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD) gene products [11] accumulate in stunted cilia, suggesting that abnormal or lack of cilia or defects in IFT may result in diseases such as polycystic kidney disease (PKD).
University of Twente photocathode linac

Abstract A 6 MeV, 1300 MHz photocathode linear accelerator (linac) has been designed and fabricated by Los Alamos National Laboratory for The Netherlands Center for Laser Research at the University of Twente in Enschede, The Netherlands. The six-cell photoinjector linac is a brazed copper on-axis coupled structure inside a vacuum jacket with an integral vacuum bakeout system. It is a near duplicate of an accelerator which has been in service at the Los Alamos High Brightness Accelerator Facility since 1989.
Introduction to the Symposium on Ethics

The three papers in this symposium were originally presented at the 2003 Summer Institute for the Preservation of the History of Economics. Two were subsequently revised and presented at the Joint Statistical Meetings in San Francisco. Those facts are perhaps sufficient to suggest a certain eclectic flavor to the collection. Notwithstanding this, the papers have a common purpose: our original goal was to explore the nature of ethics and ethical constraints within economics. For Levy and Peart, these questions arose in a historical context. Our previous work on eugenics [Peart and Levy 2005] served to convince us that, historically, economists and social commentators who made policy recommendations were insufficiently constrained by ethical considerations. We came to realize that the lack of such constraints ? and of ethical considerations more generally ? made it easier for social scientists to treat the "unfit" and "infirm" as human cattle. We also came to realize that an important check on such policy recommendations follows from the acceptance of a form of what we have called "analytical egalitarianism" ? the presumption that we are equally competent. If we are equally competent, or must treat people as if they are, then it follows that policy makers, economists, and other experts on social matters are equally able to be ethical and to be unethical. We are all tempted to the unethical, by whatever tempts any among us. The trick is to recognize this basic fact and then, having done so, to put into place constraints that serve to attenuate the temptations that experts, those whose advice is sought, face. So the papers that follow are united by a common theme, namely that those who study human choice are no different from the people whose choices they study. If incentives matter for consumers and producers, they also matter for economists. If competitive markets fail to produce an efficient level of output, economists often recommend a change in incentives facing firms. Rarely, however, do we consider how or whether economists' research may produce an efficient output. This is the hard question we tackle below. While we do not hold that "efficient" is (quite) the same as "ethical," we see enough overlap to at least begin to tackle the ethics problems using the machinery associated with efficiency. Thus, Levy and Peart develop the statistical equivalent of a prisoner's dilemma in the economic account of expert witnesses. Perhaps counter intuitively, the motivating mechanism is an 18th- and 19th-century device known as sympathy or the desire for approbation. In our account sympathy is truncated ? partial ? since it consists of the statisticians' sympathy for the client's desired outcome. In keeping with our professed analytical egalitarianism, we recommend a change in the incentives facing expert witnesses. Secondly, Martin Zelder argues that with plausible parametric assumptions inefficient outcomes are highly likely in the game of econometric "con." He
Pool Boiling Studies on Nano-Structured Surfaces

The effect of nano-structures on pool boiling heat transfer is explored in this study. The silicon nano-structures are fabricated on 4″ double-side polished silicon wafers using Step and Flash Imprint Lithography (SFIL) process. An array of “nano-fins” consisting of 200 nm diameter pillars of 100 nm height, lateral pitch of 1 μm and transverse pitch of 0.9 μm are created in a rectangular pattern on the wafer surface. The test surface is used for pool boiling experiments using PF-5060 as the test fluid (Manufacturer - 3M Co., boiling point - 56 °C). Experiments are performed under saturation and liquid sub-cooling conditions. The heat flux measurements on the nanostructures are compared with that of bare surfaces. The test rig is of constant heat flux type. Results are reported at the maximum heat flux point. The nano-structured test surface showed a 41% increase in heat flux compared to the bare test surface under the saturation test condition. The 10-degree sub-cooling and 20-degree sub-cooling test conditions showed a 19% and 27% enhancement at the maximum heat flux point respectively.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Pathogenesis of Block of Rapid Orthograde Axonal Transport by Elevated Intraocular Pressure

Although axoplasmic flow blockage (AFB) with raised intraocular pressure (IOP) is well-established (1–11), its pathogenesis remains an enigma. AFB may be due to ischemia of the optic nerve fibers (6) or mechanical axonal compression (8). The present study was designed to determine whether the AFB is due to ischemia or mechanical compression of the optic nerve fibers in the optic nerve head.
Fiber optic sensing technology for measuring in-cylinder pressure in automotive engines

A new fiber optic sensing technology for measuring in-cylinder pressure in automotive engines was investigated. The metal-protected fiber sensor is embedded into a small cut in the metal casing of the spark plug.
On the tangent stiffness matrix in a convected coordinate system

Abstract For automotive structures under crash loading, the implicit time integration scheme in the finite element method has its merit. Especially, it can be used for static crush analysis of structural components by setting the mass matrix zero. To formulate this scheme, a tangent stiffness matrix for each element should be established. This paper explains that the element tangent stiffness matrix is difficult, if not impossible, to be established referring to the convected coordinate system. It can easily be established if the updated Lagrangian coordinate system is used. Based upon this concept, the general purpose nonlinear computer program known as WRECKER-II, which referred to the convected coordinate system, has been modified to WRECKER-F. The modified program has the capability to analyze structures with arbitrarily large rotation. Test examples show excellent agreement with the analytic solutions for rotations larger than 90°.
The Role of Bisphosphonates in the Treatment of Skeletal Complications of Breast Cancer

Bone metastasis from breast cancer can result in significant morbidity including hypercalcemia, fractures, spinal cord compression, and pain. Treatment modalities have included radiation therapy, surgery, analgesia, and bisphosphonates. Clodronic acid, pamidronic acid, ibandronic acid, and zoledronic acid are the four bisphosphonates that have been investigated in metastatic breast cancer. Pamidronic acid, clodronic acid, and ibandronic acid, evaluated in this setting in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, have all demonstrated significant improvements in delaying and treating skeletal events in breast cancer patients, including symptom improvement. Pamidronic acid and zoledronic acid appear to be equal with respect to efficacy and safety. Based on several large randomized studies, pamidronate 90mg infused over 2 hours, or zoledronic acid 4mg over 15 minutes every 3–4 weeks is recommended in patients with breast cancer and radiographic evidence of bone destruction. The major toxicity associated with either bisphosphonate is renal impairment and, therefore, monitoring of serum creatinine levels prior to each administration of either agent is recommended. The adverse effects of this class of agents also include gastrointestinal symptoms.
Assessment of relationship thinking in dating relationships

In a series of five studies a method of assessing relationship thinking and its role in close relationship dynamics was developed. These studies were carried out with college students who responded to questionnaires. Studies 1 and 2 focused on identifying items representing the content and frequency of relationship thinking about participants' present dating relationships. Studies 3 and 4 examined personal characteristics, general relationship schema, and subjective conditions that were related to relationship thinking. Study 5 identified the ability of relationship thinking to predict individuals' perceptions of an interaction with their partners. Results uncovered three types of relationship thinking: partner, positive affect, and network. Relationship thinking was related in expected ways to several personal characteristics, subjective conditions, and general relationship schema. Relationship thinking was predictive of perceptions of distress-maintaining and relationship-enhancing interactions with the dating partners. The findings suggest increased attention to the social cognitive aspects of close relationships.
USE OF LOWER PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN CUTOFFS FOR PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING IN BLACK AND WHITE MEN

AbstractPurpose: We evaluated differences in the prostate cancer detection rate among black and white men with serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels between 2.6 and 4.0 ng./ml., and benign findings on digital rectal examination.Materials and Methods: From May 1995 through June 1997 we screened 14,209 white and 1,004 black men 50 years old or older with serum PSA and rectal examinations at 6-month intervals. If PSA was greater than 2.5 ng./ml. or the rectal examination was suspicious for cancer, we recommended an ultrasound guided sextant biopsy of the prostate. We compared differences in clinical characteristics, compliance with the recommendation for biopsy, cancer detection rate, and stage and grade of tumors detected for 924 white and 57 black men.Results: Black men were younger (60 versus 63 years old, p = 0.005) and presented with slightly higher PSA levels (3.3 versus 3.1 ng./ml., p = 0.03) than white men. Overall cancer detection rate was 27% (106 of 391 patients), with cancer detection 2-fo...
Effects of Narratives, Openness to Dialogic Communication, and Credibility on Engagement in Crisis Communication Through Organizational Blogs

This study focused on individual interpretation of crisis communication messages and aimed to examine which forms of crisis narratives can enhance audience engagement in crisis communication such as reduction of negative emotions. An experimental study was conducted, simulating audience experience with blog posts written for crisis communication. Data suggest that the openness to dialogic communication is essential to creating and enhancing audience engagement in crisis communication, which, in turn, leads to positive postcrisis perceptions. Among several dimensions of audience engagement, reduction of negative emotions was a critical mediator that connected the impact of openness to dialogic communication with positive postcrisis perceptions.
Time Resolved Photoluminescence of Si-doped High Al Mole Fraction AlGaN Epilayers Grown by Plasma-Enhanced Molecular Beam Epitaxy

We report on detailed temperature dependent, time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) studies of Si-doped AlGaN epilayers. In these samples, the Al concentration varies from 25% to 66%. The samples were found to exhibit metallic-like temperature-independent conductivity. The deep level “yellow” emission, whose presence would indicate the existence of a large number of defects associated with growth, Si incorporation, and/or alloy formation, is absent. In addition to emission corresponding to the donor-bound exciton, the PL spectrum exhibits features associated with transitions involving localized carriers. This assignment of the emission mechanisms is based on the activation energies extracted from the temperature dependent photoluminescence (PL) quenching. Specifically, at room temperature the PL spectrum is dominated by transitions involving localized states. The localization energy varied from sample to sample and was observed to be between 115 meV to 200 meV. The PL intensity decay in the lower Al mole fraction epilayers exhibits a slow component associated with the presence of donor-bound excitons.
Does specific immunotherapy injection cause an increase in bronchial reactivity

Background. Several well-controlled studies have proven the clinical benefit of specific immunotherapy (SIT) for seasonal allergic rhinitis (AR). However, whether subcutaneous SIT injection could cause a transient increase in bronchial reactivity (BR) remains unknown. Objective. To investigate whether subcutaneous SIT injection, either during or outside the pollen season, could cause an increase in BR in children with pollen allergy. Methods. Twenty-two children (mean age 13.6 ± 0.7 years) with AR who were receiving maintenance SIT for 15 months were included in the study. Pre-injection BR of the patients was evaluated with methacholine provocation test immediately before maintenance dose of SIT during the peak pollen season and outside the season. The post-injection test was administered 24 hours after SIT injection. Results. There was no difference in FEV1 measures recorded during [98(93–109)%] and outside [102(96–111)%] the pollen season. There was no significant difference between pre- [64(7–64)mg/mL]...
Fast and Accurate Prediction of the Steady-State Throughput of Multicore Processors Under Thermal Constraints

This paper describes a fast and accurate technique to predict the steady-state throughput and the corresponding power consumption of a homogeneous multicore processor for a given benchmark workload while accounting for speed reduction due to thermal constraints. The expressions contain several parameters of interest to a system designer, like the static and dynamic-power consumptions (for hottest block and for full chip), the vertical thermal resistance of the hottest block, the leakage sensitivity to temperature, the chip threshold temperature, the ambient temperature, etc. Their computational complexity is independent of the number of cores. These are incorporated in a system-level multicore power/thermal simulator that uses the PTScalar power model and the Hotspot thermal model. The analytical throughput and power predictions were within 1.7% of that predicted by the system-level simulator. However, the analytical technique takes less than 0.2 s for a given set of design parameters, making it well suited for early design-space exploration. In contrast, the numerical technique takes anywhere from a minute (for 4 cores) up to a few hours (for 25 cores).
The changing structure of structural assimilation: White-collar Mexican ethnicity and the significance of ethnic identity professional organizations

Objective. This article examines the experience of ethnicity among third-plus generation Mexican-American professionals at the workplace and through participation in ethnic identity professional organizations. Methods. A total of 25 face-to-face interviews were conducted in the San Jose, California metro area. Interviewees were initially recruited from two ethnic identity professional organizations. Results. The predicted confluence of acculturation with structural assimilation is supported by the responses of Mexican-American professionals who acknowledge the social pressure to conform to dominant culture expectations. However, changes in the structure of structural assimilation since 1965 related to the emergence of identity politics have meant integration into society's dominant institutions no longer requires the exchange of ethnic for professional identities. Conclusions. Ethnic identity professional organizations provide a key source of ethnic networking for Mexican-American professionals who typically find themselves in work settings with low levels of minority representation.
Two-loop vacuum energy for Calabi–Yau orbifold models ☆

A precise evaluation of the two-loop vacuum energy is provided for certain Z2×Z2 Calabi–Yau orbifold models in the Heterotic string. The evaluation is based on the recent general prescription for superstring perturbation theory in terms of integration over cycles in supermoduli space, implemented at two loops with the gauge-fixing methods based on the natural projection of supermoduli space onto moduli space using the super-period matrix. It is shown that the contribution from the interior of supermoduli space (computed with the procedure that has been used in previous two-loop computations) vanishes identically for both the E8×E8 and Spin(32)/Z2 Heterotic strings. The contribution from the boundary of supermoduli space is also evaluated, and shown to vanish for the E8×E8 string but not for the Spin(32)/Z2 string, thus breaking supersymmetry in this last model. As a byproduct, the vacuum energy in Type II superstrings is shown to vanish as well for these orbifolds.
Mechanical Devices of the Spliceosome: Motors, Clocks, Springs, and Things

We thank J. Thorner, J. Lorsch, and D. Herschlag for provocative discussions; J. Abelson, R. Luhrmann, T. Nilsen, and R. Reed for preprints; and G. Chanfreau, C. Collins, A. Frankel, A. Kistler, K. Lynch, S. Rader, B. Raumann, D. Ryan, C. Siebel, J. Wagner, Y. Wang, J. Wilhelm, and members of the Guthrie laboratory for critical reading of the manuscript. We are indebted to S. Korolev and G. Waksman (Washington University School of Medicine) and P. Weber (Schering-Plough Research Institute) for contributing Figure 8Figure 8. We apologize to our colleagues for work that could not be cited due to a limitation on references. Cited work from this laboratory is supported by NIH grant GM21119 to C. G. J. P. S. is supported by a California Division-American Cancer Society Fellowship #1–59–97B. C. G. is an American Cancer Society Research Professor of Molecular Genetics.
Limitations of Bispectral Infrared Cloud Phase Determination and Potential for Improvement

Abstract Determining cloud thermodynamic phase using infrared satellite observations typically requires a priori assumptions about relationships between cloud phase and cloud temperature. In this study, limitations of an approach using two infrared channels with moderate spectral resolutions are demonstrated, as well as the potential for improvement using channels with higher spectral resolution. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument uses a bispectral infrared cloud phase determination algorithm. MODIS observations during January 2005 show that approximately 23% of cloudy pixels are classified as mixed or unknown cloud phase; this increases to 78% when only cloud-top temperatures between 250 and 265 K are considered. Radiative transfer simulations show that the bispectral algorithm has limited ability to discriminate between water and ice clouds in this temperature range. There is also the potential for thin ice clouds at colder temperatures to be misclassified as water clou...
Effectiveness of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Drug-Eluting Stents Compared With Bypass Surgery in Diabetics With Multivessel Coronary Disease: Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Data

Methods and Results-—RCTs comparing PCI with DES versus CABG in diabetic patients with MVD who met inclusion criteria were analyzed (protocol registration No. CRD42013003693). Primary end point (major adverse cardiac events) was a composite of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke at a mean follow-up of 4 years. Analyses were performed for each outcome by using risk ratio (RR) by fixed- and random-effects models. Four RCTS with 3052 patients met inclusion criteria (1539 PCI versus 1513 CABG). Incidence of major adverse cardiac events was 22.5% for PCI and 16.8% for CABG (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.54, P<0.0001). Similar results were obtained for death (14% versus 9.7%, RR 1.51, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.10, P=0.01), and MI (10.3% versus 5.9%, RR 1.44, 95% CI 0.79 to 2.6, P=0.23). Stroke risk was significantly lower with DES (2.3% versus 3.8%, RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.90, P=0.01) and subsequent revascularization was several-fold higher (17.4% versus 8.0%, RR 1.85, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.40, P=0.05). Conclusions-—These data demonstrate that CABG in diabetic patients with MVD at low to intermediate surgical risk (defined as EUROSCORE <5) is superior to MVD PCI with DES. CABG decreased overall death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and repeat revascularization at the expense of an increase in stroke risk. (J Am Heart Assoc. 2013;2:e000354 doi: 10.1161/ JAHA.113.000354)
Abstract 2283: Potent curcumin analog FLLL-12 targets both intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways to induce apoptosis in lung cancers

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Background: Curcumin is the major bioactive compound isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa (turmeric). Despite its high margin of safety and efficacy against various types of cancers, the potential utility of curcumin as a chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic drug is compromised by its low bioavailability and poor selectivity. To circumvent these problems, more potent and selective curcumin analogues have been developed. In the current study, we investigated the mechanism of apoptosis of one such synthetic analogue, FLLL-12, against lung cancers. This compound was reported to exhibit potent anti-tumor activity against prostate, colon and breast cancer cell lines. However, its mechanism of growth inhibition has yet to be elucidated. Methods: Multiple premalignant and fully transformed lung cancer cell lines were used throughout the study. SRB assay was used to measure cell growth inhibition. Annexin V staining was conducted for apoptosis assay. Expression of mRNAs and proteins were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Gene overexpression and knockdown strategies were used to activate or shut down of specific proteins. Results: IC50 values and apoptosis assay results showed that FLLL-12 was ∼10-fold more potent than the natural parent compound, curcumin, against lung cancer cells. Further mechanistic studies revealed that FLLL-12 induced the expression of DR5, inhibited the protein expression of EGFR, p-AKT, AKT and Bcl-2 and increased the expression of BIM. Analysis of mRNA expression suggested that FLLL-12 strongly inhibited the mRNA expression of EGFR and AKT, whereas the expression of Bcl-2 and Bim mRNAs remained unchanged. FLLL-12 also induced the expression of p53 and p73. However, inactivation of these proteins with their dominant negative construct or siRNA had no significant effects on apoptosis induction. Conclusions: Our results strongly suggest that FLLL-12 is a potent curcumin analog that induces apoptosis of lung cancer cell lines by targeting: (1) intrinsic pathways via transcriptional inhibition of EGFR and AKT and induction of BIM, and (2) extrinsic pathway via induction of DR5. Future in vivo studies using appropriate animal models are warranted for further development of this promising compound for cancer prevention and/or treatment for lung cancer. (Supported by R03CA171663, P50CA128613 and Robbins Scholar Award of Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University). Citation Format: A.R.M. Ruhul Amin, Abedul Haque, Mohammad A. Rahman, James R. Fuchs, Zhuo G. Chen, Dong M. Shin. Potent curcumin analog FLLL-12 targets both intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways to induce apoptosis in lung cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2283. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2283
Extensibility of Concrete and Theorems of Limit Analysis

The implications of assuming concrete or rock to be a perfectly plastic body when determining the bearing capacity of concrete blocks or rock are examined experimentally. The strain field is experimentally determined for the indentation of a circular punch on a circular block having various block base conditions. Limit analysis is then applied to obtain upper and lower bound solutions for the standardized indirect tensile test for concrete specimens of various shapes. The predicted results are found to be in good agreement with the existing results derived from elasticity theory.
Relation between complement and the febrile response of guinea pigs to systemic endotoxin

We reported recently that the complement (C) system may play a role in the febrile response of guinea pigs to intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration because C depletion abolished the L...