cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reducing DRAM Image Data Access Energy Consumption in Video Processing

This paper presents domain-specific techniques to reduce DRAM energy consumption for image data access in video processing. In mobile devices, video processing is one of the most energy-hungry tasks, and DRAM image data access energy consumption becomes increasingly dominant in overall video processing system energy consumption. Hence, it is highly desirable to develop domain-specific techniques that can exploit unique image data access characteristics to improve DRAM energy efficiency. Nevertheless, prior efforts on reducing DRAM energy consumption in video processing pale in comparison with that on reducing video processing logic energy consumption. In this work, we first apply three simple yet effective data manipulation techniques that exploit image data spatial/temporal correlation to reduce DRAM image data access energy consumption, then propose a heterogeneous DRAM architecture that can better adapt to unbalanced image access in most video processing to further improve DRAM energy efficiency. DRAM modeling and power estimation have been carried out to evaluate these domain-specific design techniques, and the results show that they can reduce DRAM energy consumption by up to 92%.
Lick volume determined by food schedules in rats

The number of licks and fluid consumed were recorded separately for 10 rats during a 7-day adjustment period followed by a 33-day period during which the animals were fed for only 2 h each day. Significant differences in the number of licks per milliliter of water consumed between food and no-food periods appeared after the first experimental week. There was a significant decrease in lick rate from the first to the second hour of each feeding period and also from the feeding to the nonfeeding period. Use of a lick count to determine volumes of fluids ingested on different feeding schedules could be misleading.
RoxyBot-06: an (SAA) 2 TAC travel agent

In this paper, we describe our entrant in the travel division of the 2006 Trading Agent Competition (TAC). At a high level, the design of many successful autonomous trading agents can be summarized as follows: (i) price prediction: build a model of market prices; and (ii) optimization: solve for an approximately optimal set of bids, given this model. To predict, we simulate simultaneous ascending auctions. To optimize, we apply the sample average approximation method. Both of these procedures might naturally be abbreviated SAA; hence the title of this paper. Our agent dominated the preliminary and seeding rounds of TAC Travel in 2006, and emerged as champion in the finals in a photo finish.
N,N‐Bis(p‐nitrophenylsulfonyl)cyclohexylamine

The title compound (C 18 H 19 N 3 O 8 S 2 ) undergoes pyrolytic reaction to yield cyclohexene and N,N,-bis(p-nitrophenylsulfonyl)amine without rearrangement. Non-bonded contacts between oxygen and 3-carbon H atoms were thought to be important in the reaction mechanism, but distances were found to be very similar to those present in a derivative which does not undergo pyrolysis.
Misrepresenting Communities: The Politics of Community‐Based Rural Ecotourism in Gales Point Manatee, Belize1

Missoula, Montana 59812-5184 ABSTRACT While the celebration of community in conservation provides legitimization to contest centrist and coercive protected area management strategies, representations of community in resource management writings and in particular strategies such as ecotourism, are often based on sim- plistic images and generic models that ignore politics. Based on research in a community-based rural ecotourism project in Gales Point Manatee, Belize, from 1992-1998, the paper provides concrete examples of how the politics of class, gender, and patronage inequities limit the co-manage- ment of ecotourism associations, equitable distribution of ecotourism in- come, and support for conservation regulations across the community. At- tention to multiple interests and identities within the rural community and their relationships to external actors, political institutions, and na- tional policies are critical to understanding the challenges facing commu- nity-based conservation in Belize and demonstrated the relevance of such
Adaptive output feedback control of nonlinear systems using neural networks

An adaptive output feedback controller design procedure for uncertain nonlinear systems is developed which avoids the use of state estimation. To achieve this goal three separate problems are addressed independently: controller design, derivation of parameter update laws and approximate mapping of an unknown dynamic function from its input/output history. To handle the uncertainty, the controller, in the form of a dynamic compensator, is augmented by a single hidden layer (SHL) neural network that adjusts online for unknown nonlinearities. The parameter update laws for a SHL neural network are derived from stability analysis. Simulations illustrate the theoretical results.
The Three-Dimensional Structure and Kinematics of Drizzling Stratocumulus

Abstract Drizzling marine stratocumulus are examined using observations from the 2001 East Pacific Investigation of Climate Stratocumulus (EPIC Sc) field experiment. This study uses a unique combination of satellite and shipborne Doppler radar data including both horizontal and vertical cross sections through drizzle cells. Stratocumulus cloud structure was classified as closed cellular, open cellular, or unclassifiable using infrared satellite images. Distributions of drizzle cell structure, size, and intensity are similar among the cloud-structure categories, though the open-cellular distributions are shifted toward higher values. Stronger and larger drizzle cells preferentially occur when the cloud field is broken (open-cellular and unclassifiable categories). Satellite observations of cloud structure may be useful to indicate the most likely distribution of rain rates associated with a set of scenes, but infrared data alone are not sufficient to develop routine precipitation retrievals for marine stra...
Labeled optical burst switching for IP-over-WDM integration

The rapid pace of development in both Internet applications and emerging optical technologies is bringing about fundamental changes in networking philosophies. Key trends are the emergence of dynamic wavelength provisioning and a corresponding reduction in wavelength provisioning timescales. As this transition continues, the current use of the wavelength-routing paradigm for carrying bursty Internet traffic will likely suffer from various shortcomings associated with circuit-switched networks. Meanwhile, optical packet switching technology is still facing significant cost and technological hurdles. Optical burst switching, or OBS, which represents a balance between circuit and packet switching, has opened up some exciting new dimensions in optical networking. This article describes the OBS paradigm, and also proposes the use of labeled OBS, or LOBS, as a natural control and provisioning solution under the ubiquitous IP multiprotocol label switching framework.
Arsenic Mediated Disruption of Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein Nuclear Bodies Induces Ganciclovir Susceptibility in Epstein-Barr Positive Epithelial Cells

Promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies (PML NBs) have been implicated in host immune response to viral infection. PML NBs are targeted for degradation during reactivation of herpes viruses, suggesting that disruption of PML NB function supports this aspect of the viral life cycle. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) has been shown to suppress EBV reactivation. Our finding that LMP1 induces PML NB immunofluorescence intensity led to the hypothesis that LMP1 may modulate PML NBs as a means of maintaining EBV latency. Increased PML protein and morphometric changes in PML NBs were observed in EBV infected alveolar epithelial cells and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Treatment with low dose arsenic trioxide disrupted PML NBs, induced expression of EBV lytic proteins, and conferred ganciclovir susceptibility. This study introduces an effective modality to induce susceptibility to ganciclovir in epithelial cells with implications for the treatment of EBV associated pathologies.
A 16-fs aperture-jitter photonic ADC: 7.0 ENOB at 40 GHz

A photonic ADC based on balanced detection, phase encoded optical sampling, wavelength multiplexing, and electronic quantization is demonstrated. It achieves 7.0 ENOB resolution at a 2GSa/s sub-sampling rate for a 40 GHz input analog signal.
A Contemporary Review of the Management of the Difficult Patient

The goal of plastic surgery is to improve the function and/or appearance of a body part(s). On the surface, providing improvement in appearance and function should result in a satisfied patient. However, the goals and expectations of patients seeking plastic surgery are complex. Understanding these expectations and psychological needs are important aspects of patient care and achieving patient satisfaction.
Stereotyping and women's roles in leadership positions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a literature review of current trends with regard to women in leadership positions. Women are increasingly reported as having excellent leadership skills. In fact, women, more than men, are praised for having traits and styles that are associated with effective leadership performance. Design/methodology/approach – The design of this paper was a literature review of current research on gender differences in men and women in top leadership roles. Findings – Despite the evidence that women are capable of being top performers, women are still not attaining top-level leadership positions in comparison to their male peers. This paper will consider some of the reasons that women have difficulty in climbing the corporate ladder as well as discuss stereotyping and gender as it relates to leadership traits. Social implications – As a result of this paper, employers are encouraged to hire and promote women into their corporations top leadership positions. Originality/value – This paper further contributes to the discussion of women in leadership and the disparity that continues in having women employed in the upper echelons of corporations. The value of this paper is to provide employers further evidence that women comprise skillsets that necessary for company advancement.
FRAM sense amplifier with compensation for random and systematic offset

Sense Amplifiers have always been an integral part of an embedded memory design and operation. The decreasing process size, appetite for speed, low power, and smaller area all contribute to increased Sense Amplifier (SA) offset. In FRAM technologies, factors such as bitcell scaling, thermal depolarization [2], solder reflow processes [1], and state-dependent imprinting [2] all contribute to decreased signal margin available to the SA. Therefore, increase in SA offset coupled with decrease in signal margin translates into loss of yield and reliability. This paper introduces a modified SA circuit design that through introduction of localized and intentional asymmetrical capacitive loading, on state defining nodes, is shown to reduce the sample sigma and range of the SA's offset, improving the yield.
Adrenalectomy attenuates stress-induced elevations in extracellular glutamate concentrations in the hippocampus

Glucocorticoids and stress have deleterious effects on hippocampal cell morphology and survival. It has been hypothesized that these effects are mediated via an excitatory amino acid mechanism. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of acute stress on the extracellular levels of glutamate in the hippocampus and to determine if adrenalectomy modifies this response. Rats were adrenalectomized or sham-adrenalectomized and implanted with microdialysis probes in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Three days later rats were subjected to an acute 1-h period of immobilization stress. Stress significantly increased extracellular glutamate levels in the sham-operated rats, which peaked at 20 min following the initiation of stress. Extracellular glutamate levels also increased immediately following the termination of stress. In the adrenalectomized rats there was a 30% decrease in basal extracellular concentrations of glutamate and a marked attenuation (-70%) of the stress-induced increase in extracellular glutamate levels. Extracellular concentrations of taurine were not modified by adrenalectomy and did not change in response to stress. These results suggest that glucocorticoid-induced elevations in extracellular glutamate concentrations may contribute to the deleterious effects of stress on hippocampal neurons.
Optimization of a multiple pulse detonation engine-crossover system

Abstract A University of Cincinnati experimental study is conducted on a Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE)-Crossover System to investigate the feasibility of repeated, shock-initiated combustion as a means to generate detonation within an annular array of detonation tubes. An optimization study of the system finds that reducing driver PDE length increases auto-ignition failures in the driver PDE due to undesirable feedback of hot products from the driven PDE. Initiation performance in the driven PDE is strongly dependent on initial driven PDE skin temperature in the shock wave reflection region. The optimum initiation performance is achieved within the driven PDE by filling the driver PDE with reactants past the crossover tube entrance. Increasing operating frequency negates the detrimental effect of increased nitrogen dilution. An array of detonation tubes connected with crossover tubes is developed using optimized parameters. Successful operation utilizing shock-initiated combustion through shock wave reflection is achieved and sustained. Results from this array show that if initially driven PDE tubes are operating successfully, all subsequently driven PDE tubes also operate successfully.
Abstract 152: Factors Associated With Enrollment In Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Single-center Experience

Introduction: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a vital component of secondary prevention shown to reduce mortality and improve quality of life. Despite this, referral to CR is low compared to other secondary prevention measures and enrollment of those referred is variable. We examined factors that are associated with enrollment to better understand ways in which participation in CR can be improved. Methods: Using data from the CR Center at the University of Michigan Health System, we analyzed 2012 patients who were referred to CR from January 1, 2008 to June 1, 2013. We systematically performed forward, step-wise multiple logistic regression to determine the best model for predicting acceptance of referral to CR. The outcome variable of interest was enrollment in CR if referred to CR. Results: Of the 2012 patients referred to CR, 1334 patients (66.3%) attended at least one session of CR. While there were no differences in age, gender or race between the two cohorts, there were several differences in baseline characteristics between those who enrolled vs. those who did not enroll. Those who enrolled in CR were more likely to be married (74.5% vs. 61.4%, P<0.0001), employed (54.2% vs. 29.8%, P<0.0001), insured (99.6% vs. 96.3%, P<0.0001), and have two or more co-morbidities (51.5% vs. 41.7%, P <0.0001). In the multiple logistic regression model, factors associated with enrollment (in descending order) were private insurance vs. none (OR=10.8; 95% CI 2.17-53.28, P=0.004), coronary artery bypass grafting vs. MI/ACS (OR= 3.42; 95% CI 1.68-6.99, P=0.0007), referral from cardiac surgery vs. cardiology (OR 3.15; 95% CI 1,43-6.95, P=0.004), outpatient vs. inpatient referral (OR=2.1, 95% CI 1.5 -2.9 , P=0.0001), unemployed (OR=1.55; 95% CI 1.09-2.2, P=0.01), and married (OR=1.41, 95% CI 1.04-1.92, P=0.01). Conclusion: Several patient and system-level factors are associated with enrollment in CR for those who were referred to CR at a single institution. These patient and organizational level variables represent opportunities for targeted interventions to improve CR utilization.
Doing Business in the Homeland: Diaspora-Owned Firms and the Value of Social Networks

A causal relationship between diaspora populations and bilateral foreign direct investment has been established empirically, but the causal mechanism driving this relationship remains unclear. Do diaspora-owned foreign firms enjoy a competitive advantage in the homeland, and if so, what accounts for this? I argue that diasporans have important social network based advantages over non-diaspora-owned firms, and that these competitive advantages explain the relationship between diaspora populations and investment flows. This paper uses data from an original survey of 174 foreign-owned firms in Georgia to explore mechanisms of diaspora difference, focusing particularly on how firms use social networks in business. I find that diaspora-owned firms use social networks more than other foreign firms in the acquisition of real estate, and that owners and managers at diaspora-owned firms perceive social networks to be more important to firm location decisions and to overall profitability than do their counterparts at non-diaspora-owned firms. This indicates that social networks provide important competitive advantages to diaspora-owned firms, advantages that may explain the causal relationship between diaspora populations and global flows of foreign direct investment.
Adenosine 3’–5’ Cyclic Monophosphate (cAMP)-Induced Changes in Intracellular Ionic Activities: Relation to Epithelial Ion Transport

Ion-selective microelectrodes have been used successfully to measure steady-state intracellular ion activities in a variety of cells. In recent years, the development of liquid ion-exchanger microelectrodes that are easily constructed, have rapid response times, and are highly selective for individual ions of physiological importance, e.g. K+, Na+, Ca2+, Cl-, has opened up the possibility of investigating changes in intracellular activity that accompany or may be responsible for such cellular events as: excitation, contraction, secretion, and the action of specific hormones. This report describes a study currently under way in our laboratory in which the measurement of intracellular ionic activities is being used to obtain insights into the mechanism or mechanisms by which adenosine 3’-5’ cyclic monophosphate (c-AMP) regulates ionic transfer processes in the small intestine.
Towards a 2-Way Communication and Analytics Platform for Emergency Response and Post-Emergency Recovery Efforts in Sierra Leone

At the peak of the West African Ebola outbreak in December 2014, the only prospect for containing the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) was through behavior change to reduce transmission pathways. However, deeply ingrained beliefs, social systems, and cultural practices, combined with a lack of knowledge of the disease, made containment difficult. IBM Research - Africa, in collaboration with Sierra Leone Open Government Initiative (OGI), set up a call and SMS hotline to engage with citizens and understand issues on the ground using free text responses, which started on 19th Sept 2014 (during the first national lockdown). Localized versions of Centre for Disease Control (CDC) public health messages were broadcast on public radio along with a short question on Ebola, and listeners were encouraged to call or SMS the OGI hotline in reply to the question, or to report the current situation in their locality. Messages were categorized using a basic keyword search approach, based on categories that were determined manually, and the results of the analysis were communicated to the government via OGI. The initial deployment showed the potential of using a 2-way communication platform utilizing natural language responses to provide valuable feedback on behaviors and attitudes during a health emergency. Our presentation will describe the original platform, the outcomes of the analysis performed to date and the current work being undertaken to extend and scale the platform in Sierra Leone.
PHYSIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF ISCHEMIA USING FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE IN CORONARY CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSIONS

The ideal treatment strategy of coronary artery chronic total occlusions (CTO) remains a topic of debate and discussion in regards to medical therapy versus percutaneous revascularization. Despite the presence of well-established collaterals, fractional flow reserve (FFR) in myocardial territories
Diagnosis of Epilepsy Following Paroxysmal Event

The accuracy of the initial diagnosis after one or more paroxysmal events is described as part of the Dutch Study of Epilepsy in Childhood (DSEC), a prospective hospital-based study of children with newly diagnosed possible single or multiple seizures.
Effects of Early Post-Ischemic Reperfusion and tPA on Cerebrovascular Function and Nitrosative Stress in Female Rats

Stroke is a major health issue in women. Our previous studies in male rats showed decreased myogenic tone in middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) after ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), while tone in parenchymal arterioles (PAs) was increased. This vascular response may aggravate stroke damage in males by limiting reperfusion; however, the effect in females is not known. The current study investigated the effect of I/R and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) on myogenic tone and reactivity of MCAs and PAs in female rats. Nitrosative stress by peroxynitrite and recruitment of inflammatory neutrophils to the microvasculature were also studied. Female rats were subjected to 2-h MCA filament occlusion (n = 16) or sham surgery (n = 17) and given tPA (1 mg/kg, i.v) or vehicle followed by 30-min reperfusion. Myogenic tone and reactivity were measured in isolated and pressurized MCAs and PAs from the same animals. Cerebrovascular F-actin, 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT, peroxynitrite marker), and intravascular neutrophils were quantified. Myogenic tone and constriction to the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-l-arginine were decreased in MCAs but unchanged in PAs after I/R with no effect of tPA. F-actin and 3-NT expression were unaffected by I/R or tPA. Our study showed that MCAs from females, similar to what has been seen in males, are dilated after I/R and have decreased myogenic tone while tone in PAs was unchanged. Increased small vessel resistance may contribute to decreased reperfusion and worse outcome after stroke.
Exception to the Rule of "Benefits of the Doubts Are on the Accused" and Its Theoretical Analysis——Based on the Counting of "Amount of Illegal Operation" in the Jurisdictional Interpretation Concerning IPR Crimes

"Benefits of the doubts are on the accused" is a general rule in criminal proceeding,but it also has its exception.Such exception mainly lies in the cases where the accused bears the burden of proof by inversion or shift of the burden of proof.This article analyzes such exception with reference to the counting of the amount of illegal operation stipulated in Article 12 of the Jurisdictional Interpretation concerning the Application of Laws in Handling IPR Crimes issued by the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate.The article holds that only when the production of an evidence is favorable to the accused,and such production does not increase the burden of proof on the accused,should our criminal laws impose certain burden of proof on the accused,and should the exception to the rule of "benefits of the doubts are on the accused" appear.To apply such exception,the prosecuting party has the duty to find the truth of the case,especially the facts favorable to the accused.
Improved Region-Based Kalman Filter for Tracking Body Joints and Evaluating Gait in Surveillance Videos

We propose an Improved Region-based Kalman filter to estimate fine precise body joint trajectories to facilitate gait analysis from low resolution surveillance cameras. This is important because existing pose estimation and tracking techniques obtain noisy and discrete trajectories which are insufficient for gait analysis. Our objective is to obtain a close approximation to the true sinusoidal/non-linear transition of the body joint locations between consecutive time instants. The proposed filter models the non-linear transitions along the sinusoidal trajectory, and incorporates a refining technique to determine the fine precision estimates of the body joint location using prior information from the individual's rough pose. The proposed technique is evaluated on an outdoor low-resolution gait dataset categorized by individuals wearing a weighted vest simulating a threat or no weighted vest. Experimental results and comparisons with similar representative methods prove the accuracy and precision of the proposed filter for fine-precision body joint tracking. With respect to analyzing gait for threat identification, the proposed scheme exhibits better accuracy than state of the art pose discrete estimates.
Pharmacologic studies of beta-endorphin in psychopathology.

The pharmacologic trials of beta-endorphin in the field of mental illness are critically reviewed in this article, with an emphasis on the therapeutic efficacy of beta-endorphin in schizophrenia and affective disorders.
United Nations Peacekeeping, Disarmament and Conflict Resolution

Peacekeeping, as we recognize it today, was unforeseen when the United Nations (UN) was created in 1945. For this reason neither the term nor the concept appears anywhere in the organization’s Charter. Instead, through their powers as permanent members on the UN Security Council (UNSC), the post-war victors were expected to police the world with the consensus inherent in Chapter VII (enforcement) resolutions and the might of their combined militaries. Unfortunately, post-war collaboration was soon replaced with Cold War standoff and the UN itself became simply another means to manage the relationships of the great powers rather than a means to organize their combined efforts. It was in this highly charged political atmosphere that UN peacekeeping was first developed and its primary objective was to prevent the USA and USSR from becoming embroiled in localized disputes that might otherwise have escalated into global conflict. Initially seen for this reason as a method of preventive diplomacy, peacekeeping developed its own set of principles and operational norms that enabled UN ‘blue helmet’ forces to be perceived as both non-coercive and neutral. By the end of the Cold War the UN itself was defining its peacekeeping operations as those that involved: …military personnel, but without enforcement powers, undertaken by the United Nations to help maintain or restore international peace and security in areas of conflict. These operations are voluntary and are based on consent and co-operation. While they involve the use of military personnel, they achieve their objectives not by force of arms, thus contrasting them with the ‘enforcement action’ of the United Nations under Article 42.4
Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Reducing Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Haploidentical Transplantation: Just Another Labor-Intensive Strategy, or Showing the Way?

GVHD incidence from 49.0% (95% CI, 36.5 to 61.5) in control subjects compared with 27.4% (95% CI, 16.2 to 38.6) in those given MSCs; P 5 .021). Furthermore, none of the MSC-treated subjects developed severe lung chronic GVHD compared with seven of the control subjects (P 5 .047). The authors hypothesized that the repeated MSC infusions may have modulated the host immune system as recipients had more memory B cells and regulatory T cells along with an increase in the Th1:Th2 ratio. Because of the uniquely selective in vitro and in vivo immunosuppressive properties, the investigators chose to incorporate MSCs into allogeneic HCT trials. 7-10 In the past few decades, perhaps only the addition of antihuman T-lymphocyte immune globulin (ATG) included in the conditioning regimen demonstrated reduced incidence and severity of chronic GVHD. 11,12 For example, in the randomized
From Comrades to Bodhisattvas: Moral Dimensions of Lay Buddhist Practice in Contemporary China, by Gareth Fisher, Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 2014, x + 263 pp., ISBN 978-0-8248-3966-6, US$50.00 (cloth)

China’s dramatic transformations over the past 20 years mean that any study of contemporary religion in the People’s Republic of China may concern an era that has already passed. This dynamism make...
BRICS| Building the BRICS: Media, Nation Branding and Global Citizenship — Introduction

In this introductory essay we discuss the importance of studying the BRICS (acronym of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), the emerging themes of scholarship about the BRICS in general, and the eight essays collected in this Special Section. We argue that studying the BRICS demands understanding the strategic and ambivalent engagement of these nations with their own history, the colonial West, and modernity. Such an ambivalence is shown by how these countries deal with the dialectics of tradition and modernity; the local and global; nationalism and cosmopolitanism; and hope, desire, and anxiety in a postcolonial world. Thus, their nation branding and public diplomacy efforts, to a large extent, aim to facilitate domestic and global political and economic objectives.
Astrophysics in the lab

Magnetized gases are ubiquitous in astrophysics, and the universe would be a very different place without them. As they collapse under their own gravity, huge clouds of cold gas form rotating 'accretion' disks that may ultimately form stars and planetary systems. Accretion disks are also crucial in observations of black holes and binary systems.
Attitudes and Approaches for Withdrawing Drugs for Children with Clinically Inactive Nonsystemic JIA: A Survey of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance

Objective. To assess the attitudes and strategies of pediatric rheumatology clinicians toward withdrawing medications for children with clinically inactive juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods. Members of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) completed an anonymous electronic survey on decision making and approaches for withdrawing medications for inactive nonsystemic JIA. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results. Of 388 clinicians in CARRA, 124 completed surveys (32%), predominantly attending pediatric rheumatologists. The most highly ranked factors in decision making for withdrawing medications were the duration of clinical inactivity, drug toxicity, duration of prior activity, patient/family preferences, joint damage, and JIA category. Diagnoses of rheumatoid factor-positive polyarthritis and persistent oligoarthritis made respondents less likely and more likely, respectively, to withdraw JIA medications. Three-quarters of respondents waited for 6–12 months of inactive disease before stopping methotrexate (MTX) or biologics, but preferences varied. There was also considerable variability in the strategies used to reduce, taper, or stop medications for clinically inactive JIA; most commonly, clinicians reported slow medication tapers lasting at least 2 months. For children receiving combination MTX-biologic therapy, 63% of respondents preferred stopping MTX first. Most clinicians reported using imaging only seldom or sometimes to guide decision making, but most were also reluctant to withdraw medications in the presence of asymptomatic imaging abnormalities suggestive of subclinical inflammation. Conclusion. Considerable variability exists among pediatric rheumatology clinicians regarding when and how to withdraw medications for children with clinically inactive JIA. More research is needed to identify the most effective approaches to withdraw medications and predictors of outcomes.
Self-Assembly of Heterogeneously Shaped Nanoparticles into Plasmonic Metamolecules on DNA Origami

Fabrication of plasmonic metamolecules (PMs) with rationally designed complexity is one of the major goals of nanotechnology. Most self-assembled PMs, however, have been constructed using single-component systems. The corresponding plasmonic assemblies still suffer from the lack of complexity, which is required to achieve a high degree of functionality. Here, we report a general applicable strategy that can realize a series of high-ordered hetero-PMs using bottom-up DNA self-assembly. DNA-functionalized differently shaped nanoparticles were deliberately arranged in prescribed positions on 3D triangular DNA origami frames to form various hetero-PMs. Importantly, we showed that the optical properties of assembled PMs could be facially tuned by selectively regulating the position of each component. This method provides a promising pathway for manufacturing more complex and advanced materials by integrating diverse nanocomponents with particular properties.
Causes of Growth Depensation in Red Drum, Sciaenops Ocellatus, Larvae

Individual growth rates, and thus sizes at a given age, vary within cohorts of fishes reared in the laboratory, field enclosures, and the wild, but the causes of this variability are poorly understood. We examined effects of three variables (food availability, a diet shift, and fish density) on growth depensation in red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, larvae in laboratory experiments. Absolute variance in length of larvae was greater with higher food availability, and relative variance (CV) for a cohort at 14 d posthatching was positively correlated with its CV at 7 d posthatching, over which time CV doubled. Supplementation of a rotifer diet with Artemia nauplii (diet shift) increased growth rate and length variance, but not CV. Individually-reared and group-reared larvae had similar growth rates, but group-reared larvae exhibited higher CVs than individually-reared larvae. The observation that food availability and diet shifts affected absolute size variance, while fish density affected relative size variance of red drum larvae, indicates that both absolute and relative size variance are important to understand how environmental factors affect growth depensation.
Analysis of damage costs in supply chain systems

In a supply chain system, products get damaged during shipping due to transportation hazards and poor packaging. The most common hazards in transportation include shocks, vibrations, accident, handling, etc. Damage from accidents and handling issues are not completely within the control of packaging. However, proper packaging can prevent most of the damage from shocks and vibration. The loss due to damage at each stage of the supply chain network can be reduced by selecting the appropriate packaging, transportation method and by shipping under assembled or unassembled condition. There is not much literature available in the area of goods damaged during shipping as applied to supply chain systems. A mathematical model which minimises the total costs (damage costs, shipping costs, and packaging costs) has been developed to address the issue of damage costs. The model is implemented in MATLAB. The mathematical models were verified by using total enumeration strategy. Case studies to illustrate and validate the procedure were developed and implemented in MATLAB.
Learning reference-enriched approach towards large scale active ontology alignment and integration

With the increasing number of ontologies being designed to represent and manage knowledge in all sorts of sectors, ontology alignment and integration become more and more important in aggregating intelligent efforts on homogenous and heterogeneous data. From the computational perspective, it is challenging due to the ubiquitous existence of diverse classifications of same data. In this paper, we propose an active ontology integration and alignment system, which plugs in expandable learning reference context pool. In the reference context pool, we have integrated WordNet, MeSH, and external curated mapping sources (ICD9 to SNOMEDCT) with an extension to injecting UMLS. The active ontology integration and alignment system takes account of not only subsumption tree but also directed acyclic graph underlying ontologies. It allows 1) finding exact one-to-one matching terms of pairwise ontologies, 2) finding inexact one-to-one term mappings, where two terms have at least a concept in common on basis of the lexical context, and 3) finding one-to-many concept mappings, where one concept can be lexically mapped to the combination of multiple exclusive concepts.
Goal prediction in 2-year-old children with and without autism spectrum disorder: An eye-tracking study.

This study examined the predictive reasoning abilities of typically developing (TD) infants and 2-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in an eye-tracking paradigm. Participants watched a video of a goal-directed action in which a human actor reached for and grasped one of two objects. At test, the objects switched locations. Across these events, we measured: visual anticipation of the action outcome with kinematic cues (i.e., a completed reaching behavior); goal prediction of the action outcome without kinematic cues (i.e., an incomplete reach); and latencies to generate predictions across these two tasks. Results revealed similarities in action anticipation across groups when trajectory information regarding the intended goal was present; however, when predicting the goal without kinematic cues, developmental and diagnostic differences became evident. Younger TD children generated goal-based visual predictions, whereas older TD children were not systematic in their visual predictions. In contrast to both TD groups, children with ASD generated location-based predictions, suggesting that their visual predictions may reflect visuomotor perseveration. Together, these results suggest differences in early predictive reasoning abilities. Autism Res 2018, 11: 870-882. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay summary The current study examines the ability to generate visual predictions regarding other people's goal-directed actions, specifically reaching and grasping an object, in infants and children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Results showed no differences in abilities when movement information about a person's goal was evident; however, differences were evident across age and clinical diagnoses when relying on previous knowledge to generate a visual prediction.
Ontology Usability Scale: Context-aware Metrics for the Effectiveness, Efficiency and Satisfaction of Ontology Uses

Both ontology builders and users need a way to evaluate ontologies in terms of usability, but existing ontology evaluation approaches do not fit this purpose. We propose the Ontology Usability Scale (OUS), a ten-item Likert scale derived from statements prepared according to a semiotic framework and an online poll in the Semantic Web community to provide a practical way of ontology usability evaluation. Case studies were conducted to bookkeep current usability evaluation results for ontologies expecting revisions in the future, and discussions of the poll results are presented to help proper use and customization of the OUS.
Children as Environmental Planners

The importance of internal representations of a large-scale environment has long been recognized (Trowbridge, 1913), but only recently has the nature and use of such representations been the subject of intensive experimental study (for review, see Hart & Moore, 1973; Siegel & White, 1975). These reviews focus on issues raised within the context of environmental psychology. However, investigations of spatial knowledge also encompass concerns basic to the understanding of human memory and problem solving. The construction of internal, spatial arrays as mediators of semantic organization and logical inferences is under investigation in both children (Trabasso & Riley, 1973; Trabasso, Rilesy, & Wilson, 1975; Huttenlocher, 1967) and adults (Potts, 1972, 1975). It appears that in some instances a spatial dimension is added to information in order for certain relationships to be more easily perceived, remembered, or utilized. Likewise the current trend in data analysis involving scaling techniques highlights the usefulness of superimposing a spatial dimension onto information involving complex relationships.
Fishery and Forest Transitions to Sustainability: A Comparative Analysis

What are the causes of and sources of resistance to transitions from depleting, damaging trends to conserving and restoring trends in the use and management of natural resources? This is a central question in sustainability science, which we address by discussing “forest transition theory,” one well-established area of analysis, and proposing “fisheries transition theory” for another. The general question is whether such transitions take place, their timing, and evident causes. Forest transition theory developed around the questions of how factors such as industrialization and urbanization affect forest cover and what situations encourage turnarounds in forest cover, from deforestation to forestation. We point to similarities and differences in the factors that appear to be involved in the recovery of depleted fish stocks as a first step toward a comparable theory concerning fisheries transitions to sustainability.
The Mothers of East Los Angeles: (Other)Mothering for Environmental Justice

This essay explores the Mothers of East Los Angeles (MELA)—an environmental justice group started and led by older Mexican American women—and the organization’s campaign to prevent the construction...
New Poecilosclerida from mesophotic coral reefs and the deep-sea escarpment in the Pulley Ridge region, eastern Gulf of Mexico: Discorhabdella ruetzleri n.sp. (Crambeidae) and Hymedesmia (Hymedesmia) vaceleti n.sp. (Hymedesmiidae).

Pulley Ridge, a limestone ridge that extends nearly 300 km along the southwestern Florida shelf in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, supports a mesophotic coral ecosystem (59 to 94 m deep), surrounded by deeper waters. An ongoing evaluation of Porifera biodiversity observed and collected during expeditions by Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute (2003–2015) have shown the existence of approximately 102 sponge species, with at least 20 species new to science. The present paper describes two novel Poecilosclerida from mesophotic reefs and deep escarpments in the Pulley Ridge Region, Eastern Gulf of Mexico, namely Discorhabdella ruetzleri n.sp. (Crambeidae, Poecilosclerida) and Hymedesmia (Hymedesmia) vaceleti n. sp. (Hymedesmiidae, Poecilosclerida). This is the first record of Discorhabdella for the greater Caribbean and the Central West Atlantic. The skeleton of D. ruetzleri n.sp. includes the unique pseudoastrose acanthostyles of the genus, and it is distinct from congeners in the size ranges of the megascleres and in the occurrence of predominantly smooth instead of tuberose choanosomal and ectosomal subtylostyles. The intense blue color and the spicule combination of Hymesdesmia (H.) vaceleti n.sp. makes this species unique among other Hymedesmia spp. from the western Atlantic. The discovery represents a considerable expansion in the known biogeographical distribution of the genus Discorhabdella which is represented now by six species with a discrete geographic distribution (New Zealand, Azores, Western Mediterranean Sea, Eastern Pacific in Panama). This work is the first contribution to an ongoing effort to discover and document the importance of sponge biodiversity on mesophotic reefs and associated deep-water habitats in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean.
Maintenance of a Healthy Pouch

Abstract Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) followed by total proctocolectomy is routinely performed to patients with medically refractory ulcerative colitis or colitis-associated neoplasia with a goal of improved health and quality of life. Apart from standard postoperative medical and surgical follow-ups, the patients anticipate recommendations on long-term pouch maintenance in terms of nutrition, exercise, pain control, and lifestyle modifications. There are no established guidelines for IPAA patients in pouch health maintenance. Every patient’s post-IPAA journey varies with underlying inflammatory bowel disease or pouch disorders, age, gender, lifestyle, and comorbidities. Moreover, the maintenance of pouch health needs not only to be physical, but also psychological and social. We should understand individual patient’s perceptions and expectations of his or her own health before and after IPAA, threshold for pain, individual habits including diet, exercise, smoking, and willingness to modify lifestyle. All these factors directly or indirectly affect long-term pouch outcomes and general health. The journey of pouch patients can be less stressful when there is adequate support from their families and caregivers. It is beneficial that patients, their family members, and caregivers are made aware of potential issues related to a healthy or diseased ileal pouch, such as expected mile stones during staged pouch surgeries, dehydration, bowel frequency, nutrition, as well as emotional impact.
Uniform bounds for robust mean estimators

This paper is devoted to the estimators of the mean that provide strong non-asymptotic guarantees under minimal assumptions on the underlying distribution. The main ideas behind proposed techniques are based on bridging the notions of symmetry and robustness. We show that existing methods, such as median-of-means and Catoni's estimators, can often be viewed as special cases of our construction. The main contribution of the paper is the proof of uniform bounds for the deviations of the stochastic process defined by proposed estimators. Moreover, we extend our results to the case of adversarial contamination where a constant fraction of the observations is arbitrarily corrupted. Finally, we apply our methods to the problem of robust multivariate mean estimation and show that obtained inequalities achieve optimal dependence on the proportion of corrupted samples.
Impact of Biochar and Different Nitrogen Sources on Forage Radish Production in Middle Tennessee

Short-season forage radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. longipinnatus) has recently gained great popularity in Middle Tennessee and many parts of the world used as a high-quality vegetable crop for human consumption or a forage crop for winter grazing and cover cropping. In this study, we (i) estimated soil pH buffering capacity and microbial activity, (ii) quantified crop productivity influenced by different biochar amendment rates and N fertilizer management practices based on a factorial treatment design. Particularly, biochar was amended at rates of 0, 5, 20, and 40 Mg/ha; N fertilizer was applied at zero (N0), 122 kg/ha of urea (56 kg/ha of N; N1) and 4.8 Mg/ha of aged dairy cattle manure (56-60 kg/ha of N), providing a total of 12 treatments (four biochar rates × three fertilization practices). The combination of biochar and inorganic N fertilizer such as urea appeared to have positive impacts on the short-term biomass production, soil pH buffering capacity, and enhanced soil microbial activity for short-season forage radish production (P < 0.05). Future research is warranted to evaluate the use of biochar in field-based forage/vegetable studies in Tennessee.
This Is Who I Am: The Selfie as a Personal and Social Identity Marker

Prior studies have described selfies as narcissistic vehicles of self-presentation; by contrast, based on social identity theory, this survey of young adults ( N = 472) examined how selfies signify forms of personal and social identity. Identity motivations for selfies, social capital affinity on social media, and racial identity were predictors of selfie intensity. Confirming other research, women were most likely to share selfies, but also reported differences to men in selfie identity motivations and contexts. Among LGBTQ participants, selfies for empowerment correlated with online activism.