cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CLASSICAL SCATTERING OF NEUTRAL MESONS. II.

In Paper I, the scattering of neutral scalar and vector mesons by nucleons was calculated on the basis of a classical action-at-a-distance theory and compared with the corresponding field-theoretical results. In both theories the postulated vector and tensor coupling terms of the vector mesons with the nucleons were analogous to those of electrodynamics. Recently, a more general form of interaction was proposed; for monopole singularities it introduces a pseudovector coupling term which does not satisfy an equation of continuity. In this paper, the scattering of neutral spin-1 mesons by heavy particles is calculated using all three coupling terms, on the basis of the field-theoretical as well as the action-at-a-distance equations of motion of the particles. Cross sections due to the pseudovector coupling alone are examined in detail. Unlike the results of Paper I, the new field-theoretical and action-at-a-distance results show significant differences; furthermore, the behavior of the cross sections is found to depend critically on the magnitudes of the physical constants characterizing the meson field and the particles, exhibiting various resonance-like features.
Quasiclassical dynamics methods from semiclassical approximations

A variety of quasiclassical approximations to quantum dynamical observables and correlation functions are obtained from rigorous semiclassical approximations. All expressions involve classical evolution of the probed dynamical variable with trajectory initial conditions sampled from an appropriate phase space density. The features of the derived approximations are illustrated through several model calculations.
Yield stability of determinate and indeterminate dry bean cultivars

Yield stability of determinate and indeterminate dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars was compared using regression of genotypic performance on environmental means. Yields of 28 dry bean cultivars differing in plant growth habit and commercial class designation were obtained from 42 Michigan performance nurseries over the 6 year period 1980 to 1985. The determinate type I large-seeded kidney and cranberry bean cultivars had below-average seed yield and large mean square deviations from regression. Lower yielding determinate small-seeded navy cultivars had low deviation mean square values, while higher yielding determinate navy cultivars had correspondingly higher mean square deviations from regression. Although seed yield of cultivars with an indeterminate growth habit was greater than determinate cultivars, prostrate type III indeterminate cultivars had deviation mean square values equivalent to those of large-seeded determinate cultivars. The erect, short vine type II indeterminate cultivars (architypes) had greater than average seed yields and minimum deviations from regression. Compared with other plant types, the architype group showed a greater yield response to more productive environments, with regression coefficient values significantly greater than unity. These results indicate that the type II growth habit offers the breeder the best opportunity of obtaining greater seed yield without incurring loss of yield stability as occurs with the type I and type III growth habits. Since the dry bean cultivars utilized in this study represent two distinct centers of domestication, the regression analysis suggests that cultivars from the predominant genetic center demonstrate more yield stability. A non-significant rank correlation coefficient between the combined and separate analyses for deviation mean square values of large-seeded cultivars implies that commercial dry bean classes should be compared separately based on center of domestication.
Identification of human populations with a high incidence of cellular immunity against breast carcinoma

Cell mediated immunity specifically directed against breast carcinoma, but not against osteogenic sarcoma or other carcinomas, was found to occur in the household contacts of patients with active breast carcinoma (primary and metastatic). Such immunity was not found in the normal population, nor in household contacts of patients with osteogenic sarcoma; it was also not found in household contacts of breast carcinoma patients who had been disease free for two or more years. Patients with breast carcinoma had cytotoxicity indexes (CI) comparable to the normal population, regardless of their clinical condition.
Thin nationalism: Nature and public intellectualism in India

What has been the relationship of nationalism to nature in India? Starting with this basic yet hitherto unexamined question, this article examines the varieties of nationalism that can be associate...
Role of visual cuing in force discrimination by monkeys

Abstract Discriminated force responses were obtained from monkeys working in the presence of visual cues. The cues signified: (1) force within a band appropriate to produce food reinforcement; (2) force too great; and, (3) force too small to produce reinforcement. Elimination of visual cues was accompanied by immediate deterioration in performance of the force discrimination, which failed to reach visually cued levels, even with extended sessions. Restoration of visual cues resulted in return to original performance levels, but only after several sessions. Incompatible response modes underlie performance in the two situations.
The Liberty Simulation Environment, version 1.0

High-level hardware modeling via simulation is an essential step in hardware systems design and research. Despite the importance of simulation, current model creation methods are error prone and are unnecessarily time consuming. To address these problems, we have publicly released the Liberty Simulation Environment (LSE), Version 1.0, consisting of a simulator builder and automatic visualizer based on a shared hardware description language. LSE's design was motivated by a careful analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of existing systems. This has resulted in a system in which models are easier to understand, faster to develop, and have performance on par with other systems. LSE is capable of modeling any synchronous hardware system. To date, LSE has been used to simulate and convey ideas about a diverse set of complex systems including a chip multiprocessor out-of-order IA-64 machine and a multiprocessor system with detailed device models.
USE OF THE INTERCHANGE MODEL TO PREDICT ENTRAINMENT IN VERTICAL ANNULAR FLOW

Abstract Entrapment, E, in vertical gas-liquid annular flows may be pictured as a balance between the rate of atomization, RA, of the liquid layer and the rate of deposition of drops, R D. Laboratory measurements of RA, RD and E are reviewed. Theoretical analyses are discussed which picture RA as related to the growth of wavelets through a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and RB as being directly proportional to the root-mean-square of the turbulent velocity fluctuations of the drops. An equation for E can be developed, which assumes that the deposition constant is independent of drop concentration and that the rate of atomization varies linearly with the flow rale of the liquid in the film. Limitations of this approach, suggested by measurements of RA and RD at large liquid flows, are discussed.
New approach to the x-ray-absorption problem

We present a simple numerically stable procedure for calculating frequency-dependent response functions for a fermion system in the presence of localized perturbations over all frequency scales. In the case of the x-ray singularity problem, the asymptotic result of Nozieres and De Dominicis can be extended to excitation energies comparable to the bandwidth. The range of this extension depends on the structure of the localized perturbation.
Prenatal and lactational transmission of Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum: Experimental infection of the bitch before pregnancy

Abstract Breeding of five parasite-free and five experimentally infected (6000 Toxocara canis eggs orally and 2500 Ancylostoma caninum larvae subcutaneously) beagle bitches was done so that pairs of bitches (1 uninfected, 1 infected) whelped simultaneously. Pups born to an infected bitch were removed at birth and nursed by the paired uninfected bitch until 4 weeks of age when pups were necropsied to determine the number of parasites they had acquired prenatally from their infected mother. Pups born to the parasite-free bitch were nursed by the infected bitch until necropsied at 4 weeks of age to determine the number of parasites passed via the lactational route. Of 680 ascarids transmitted to pups by either route, 98.5% were transmitted prenatally and 1.5% lactationally. Transmission of 2746 hookworms to 22 pups occurred solely by the lactational route; prenatal transmission of this parasite did not occur in any of the 25 pups born to infected bitches.
Perturbation of parametrically excited solitary waves

A direct perturbation analysis of solitary waves for a parametric Ginzburg Landau equation describing parametric excitation of waves in nonlinear dispersive and dissipative systems is presented. The method is used to study the influence on soliton dynamics of various perturbations, including external fields, stochastic driving forces, higher-order effects, and soliton interactions. A remarkable and quite general result of the analysis is that when the system is dissipative the dynamical motion induced by the perturbation is counteracted by the dissipative term, making dissipative solitary waves less sensitive to perturbations than solitons in the conservative case.
On a Markov process generated by non-decreasing concave functions☆

Abstract A discrete-time Markov process on [0, ∞) is considered. The process is generated by selecting at each time, in an independent and stationary way, a concave non-decreasing function. Sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique stationary limiting distribution are given.
Modèle à périodes multiples et conclusions empiriques relatives à l'objectivité et à la pratique du ≪ leurre-prix ≫*

Resume. Les verificateurs, les responsables de la reglementation et les universitaires s'interessent a la pratique du ≪ leurre-prix ≫ et a sa relation avec l'objectivite du verificateur. Cette question a meme fait l'objet de plusieurs modeles analytiques. Ces theories n'ont cependant jamais ete testees, principalement a cause de l'absence de donnees concretes relatives a d'importantes variables contextuelles. Les auteurs de la presente etude elaborent un modele a periodes multiples s'appliquant a la pratique du leurre-prix et a l'objectivite du verificateur et l'experimentent dans des marches de laboratoire en recourant a la methodologie de l'economique experimentale. Leur etude vient enrichir la documentation existante sous deux rapports. D'abord, il s'agit de l'une des premieres etudes a produire une argumentation empirique et a experimenter la theorie de la relation entre la pratique du leurre-prix et l'objectivite. Ensuite, le modele repose sur un raisonnement nouveau relatif a la pratique du leurre-prix et a sa relation avec l'objectivite du verificateur. La pratique du leurre-prix et l'atteinte a l'objectivite, qui se manifestent independamment des couts exogenes des operations, sont le resultat de la premisse d'une variation transversale dans les couts et la qualite de la verification et d'un avantage relatif a l'information qui echoit a un couple verificateur attitre-client en ce qui a trait a l'evolution de ces dimensions de la verification. Les auteurs ont applique le modele pendant un certain nombre de periodes a des marches de laboratoire reunissant plusieurs acheteurs et plusieurs vendeurs. Ils ont observe seize de ces marches dans le but de verifier la valeur predictive du modele en ce qui a trait aux prix et a l'information communiquee. L'experience est concluante quant a la pratique du leurre-prix, mais elle n'est pas convaincante en ce qui a trait a la prevision exacte des prix. L'experience confirme egalement la validite des previsions relatives a l'information communiquee, les vendeurs ne s'eloignant de la verite (et faisant une entorse a l'objectivite) que lorsque les profits supplementaires qu'ils sont susceptibles d'en retirer sont superieurs aux couts supplementaires que risque d'entrainer la communication d'information inexacte. L'on peut obtenir les donnees relatives aux marches de laboratoire utilisees dans le present document en en faisant la demande aux auteurs.
Cross-Cultural Equivalence of a Measure of Perceived Discrimination Between Chinese-Americans and Vietnamese-Americans

This article examines the cross-cultural equivalence of the Williams Everyday Discrimination Scale with 484 Vietnamese-Americans and 586 Chinese-Americans from the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS). Reliability and validity analyses were conducted to determine the cross-cultural comparability of the scale between the Vietnamese and Chinese samples in the data. Results indicated that five items out of the original nine which captured a perceived sense of unfair treatment were comparable between the two samples. These results suggest that this five-item scale can be used in future research in identifying culturally and ethnically different causes and consequences of perceived discrimination.
Flame spread through porous fuels

A quantitative analysis of the steady-state propagation of a quasi-one-dimensional flame through a thermally thin, porous layer of fuel is presented. The rate of energy transfer from the combustion zone to the fuel is assumed to control the rate of flame propagation. Energy-transfer mechanisms considered are: flame and ember radiation, surface and internal convection, turbulent diffusion of flame eddies, and gas-phase conduction. The effects of ambient flow, fuel moisture, fuel-bed slope, and endothermic pyrolysis are included. A nondimensional flame-spread velocity is obtained as a function of nondimensional fuel, flame, and ambient flow properties. It is found that, in the case of ambient flow in the direction of flame propagation, the flame-spread velocity increases rapidly as the ambient flow velocity increases. From model predictions for a moderately porous fuel, typical of pine-needle beds, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) with no ambient flow, the dominant preheating mechanism is flame radiation, with contributions from ember radiation and gas-phase conduction; (2) for most monzero ambient flow velocities, the primary mechanism is convection with a significant contribution from flame radiation; (3) energy transferred by turbulent flame eddies appears to be generally negligible; and (4) energy absorbed by pyrolysis, prior to ignition, is negligible. Excellent quantitative agreement with experiment has been obtained. More-rigorous analytical models may be formulated, based on the relative import of the energy-transfer mechanisms indicated here. Applications are discussed.
The RuvA homologues from Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma pneumoniae exhibit unique functional characteristics.

The DNA recombination and repair machineries of Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma pneumoniae differ considerably from those of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Most notably, M. pneumoniae is unable to express a functional RecU Holliday junction (HJ) resolvase. In addition, the RuvB homologues from both M. pneumoniae and M. genitalium only exhibit DNA helicase activity but not HJ branch migration activity in vitro. To identify a putative role of the RuvA homologues of these mycoplasmas in DNA recombination, both proteins (RuvAMpn and RuvAMge, respectively) were studied for their ability to bind DNA and to interact with RuvB and RecU. In spite of a high level of sequence conservation between RuvAMpn and RuvAMge (68.8% identity), substantial differences were found between these proteins in their activities. First, RuvAMge was found to preferentially bind to HJs, whereas RuvAMpn displayed similar affinities for both HJs and single-stranded DNA. Second, while RuvAMpn is able to form two distinct complexes with HJs, RuvAMge only produced a single HJ complex. Third, RuvAMge stimulated the DNA helicase and ATPase activities of RuvBMge, whereas RuvAMpn did not augment RuvB activity. Finally, while both RuvAMge and RecUMge efficiently bind to HJs, they did not compete with each other for HJ binding, but formed stable complexes with HJs over a wide protein concentration range. This interaction, however, resulted in inhibition of the HJ resolution activity of RecUMge.
Expression of interleukin-5- and granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor-responsive genes in blood and airway eosinophils

Because interleukin (IL)-5 family cytokines are critical regulators of eosinophil development, recruitment, and activation, this study was initiated to identify proteins induced by these cytokines in eosinophils. Using oligonucleotide microarrays, numerous transcripts were identified as responsive to both IL-5 and granulocyte macrophage–colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), but no transcripts were markedly affected by one cytokine and not the other. Expression of several gene products were seen to be increased following in vitro stimulation of human blood eosinophils, including the IL-3 receptor α subunit, lymphotoxin β, Pim-1, and cyclin D3. Given that eosinophils recovered from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of allergic patients after antigen challenge are exposed to IL-5 or GM-CSF in the airway prior to isolation, the hypothesis was tested that selected IL-5– and GM-CSF–responsive genes are upregulated in airway eosinophils relative to the expression in blood cells. Airway eosinophils displayed greater...
The mineralogy of ordinary chondrites and implications for asteroid spectrophotometry

Published data from bulk chemical analyses of 94 ordinary chondrites are compiled in a table of normative mineralogy and discussed in detail. Significant variations in olivine, pyroxene, and metal abundance ratios are found within each chondrite class and attributed to redox processes superimposed on initial differences in metal/silicate ratios. The use of the diagrams constructed here to predict the mineralogic characteristics of asteroids on the basis of spectrophotometric observations is suggested.
Calculating Mercury Loading to The Tidal Hudson River, New York, Using Rating Curve and Surrogate Methodologies

Total mercury (THg) load in rivers is often calculated from a site-specific “rating-curve” based on the relation between THg concentration and river discharge along with a continuous record of river discharge. However, there is no physical explanation as to why river discharge should consistently predict THg or any other suspended analyte. THg loads calculated by the rating-curve method were compared with those calculated by a “continuous surrogate concentration” (CSC) method in which a relation between THg concentration and suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) is constructed; THg loads then can be calculated from the continuous record of SSC and river discharge.
Design of dual-reflector antennas with arbitrary phase and amplitude distributions

Conventional dual reflector antenna systems have been based largely on the Cassegrain parabola-hyperbola design or the Gregorian parabola-ellipse design[1]. The designs are based on the principles of geometrical optics with consequent limitations. A generalization of the optical design is presented here which allows the synthesis of reflector shapes for arbitrary phase and amplitude distributions in the aperture of the larger reflector with an arbitrary primary feed. In contrast, a single reflector design permits either phase or amplitude control in the aperture. The analysis will be made for a surface of revolution and results presented for a uniform phase and amplitude case.
"Super" cocktails for heavy ion testing

The 4.5 MeV/nucleon heavy ion cocktail at the 88-Inch Cyclotron has been expanded by incorporating beams from solid material to fill in the linear energy transfer curve. This supercocktail is available by special request and is useful when only normal incidence between the beam and the device under test is possible or desirable.
Nanoparticle-coated micro-optofluidic ring resonator as a detector for microscale gas chromatographic vapor analysis.

A vapor sensor comprising a nanoparticle-coated microfabricated optofluidic ring resonator (μOFRR) is introduced. A multilayer film of polyether functionalized, thiolate-monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles (MPN) was solvent cast on the inner wall of the hollow cylindrical SiOx μOFRR resonator structure, and whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonances were generated with a 1550 nm tunable laser via an optical fiber taper. Reversible shifts in the WGM resonant wavelength upon vapor exposure were detected with a photodetector. The μOFRR chip was connected to a pair of upstream etched-Si chips containing PDMS-coated separation μcolumns and calibration curves were generated from the peak-area responses to five volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Calibration curves were linear, and the sensitivities reflected the influence of analyte volatility and analyte-MPN functional group affinity. Sorption-induced changes in film thickness apparently dominate over changes in the refractive index of the film as the determinant of responses for all VOCs. Peaks from the MPN-coated μOFRR were just 20–50% wider than those from a flame ionization detector for similar μcolumn separation conditions, reflecting the rapid response of the sensor for VOCs. The five VOCs were baseline separated in <1.67 min, with detection limits as low as 38 ng.
Conjuring the past: Slavery and the historical imagination in Cuba

In this article, I examine the ritual mimesis of slavery in Cuban Palo Monte. Here, the past is not just a temporally situated arena in which to stake claims of identity and belonging but an invisible repository of material remains, objects, and substances whose magical capacities can be tapped to expand one's power to act on the world. My analysis not only addresses how marginalized ritual communities ingeniously defy those forces that conspire to silence the slave past and, thus, reduce the world's first system of globalization to a historical phantom. I also pay particular attention to how recent efforts by scholars, nation-states, and international aid organizations attempting to reverse this silence engender their own politics of memory that either ignore or seriously distort how local groups “represent the ghost.”[ritual, historical memory, slavery, fetishism, Cuba]
Ultra-broadband near-IR non-collinear optical parametric amplification in potassium niobate and lithium niobate

We report on generation of ultra-broadband (≫2900 cm{su−1) near-IR pulses from non-collinear optical parametric amplifier based on congruent lithium niobate and potassium niobate bulk crystals pumped at 800 nm.
Effects of Cognitive Enhancement Therapy on Employment Outcomes in Early Schizophrenia: Results From a 2-Year Randomized Trial

Objective: To examine the effects of psychosocial cognitive rehabilitation on employment outcomes in a randomized controlled trial for individuals with early course schizophrenia. Method: Early course schizophrenia outpatients (N = 58) were randomly assigned to cognitive enhancement therapy (CET) or an enriched supportive therapy (EST) control and treated for 2 years. Comprehensive data on cognition and employment were collected annually. Results: Individuals treated with CET were significantly more likely to be competitively employed, had greater earnings from employment, and were more satisfied with their employment status by the end of treatment compared to EST recipients. Mediator analyses revealed that improvements in both social and nonsocial cognition mediated CET effects on employment. Conclusion: CET can help facilitate employment in early schizophrenia by addressing the cognitive impairments that limit functioning in the disorder. Inclusion of cognitive rehabilitation in social work practice can...
Wave simulations in Ponce de Leon Inlet using Boussinesq model

An improved curvilinear grid model based on fully nonlinear Boussinesq equations is used to simulate wave propagation in Ponce de Leon Inlet, Fla. We employ the nearshore bathymetry of Ponce de Leon Inlet and generate a stretched curvilinear grid that can resolve shortwaves in the nearshore region and fit the complex geometry. Simulations of 18 cases with monochromatic input waves and Texel-Marsden-Arsloe spectral waves are carried out on the same scale as in the 1:100 scale physical model conducted at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center. Wave height comparisons, time series comparisons of surface elevation for monochromatic wave cases, and comparisons of power spectrum for spectral wave cases are made between numerical results and laboratory measure- ments. Comparison is also made between the probability distribution of surface elevation and skewness and asymmetry measures for both the measured data and the Boussinesq model results. It is shown that for the computations of nonlinear wave transformation over irregular bathymetry, the Boussinesq model is able to predict nonlinear wave features and is thus a more accurate model than some conventional models in shallow water.
Towards supporting scholarship in research by clinical pharmacy faculty

*Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the need for research support, faculty development, and topics of interest to clinical track pharmacy faculty that would facilitate scholarship in research. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of pharmacy practice-based faculty at University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) completed via the web in November 2005. Results: Of 39 clinical track faculty respondents (48% response rate), 100% indicated they were interested in being co-investigator or 77% lead investigator on a research grant proposal. The majority of respondents expressed “a lot” or “extreme” interest in receiving methodological guidance and administrative support in order to
Estimating snow particle size using TM band-4

The snowpack parameters are important to climatological and hydrological investigations. Using data acquired with the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) over the Oetztal Alps and Wapta, the authors derived snow particle size maps from TM band-4. The information with temporal and spatial variations in snow properties will prove our understanding of the processes of natural snowpacks and provide the quantitative measurements for climatological and hydrological studies. >
Measurement of the density of succinonitrile–acetone alloys

Abstract Measurements are reported of the liquid and liquid–solid mixture (mush) densities of succinonitrile–acetone (SCN–ACE) alloys for use in crystal growth and solidification studies. The measured data for the liquid is analyzed and consolidated into a correlation that expresses the liquid density as a function of composition and temperature. This correlation also allows for the calculation of the thermal and solutal coefficients of volume expansion for liquid SCN–ACE alloys. Using the measured results for the liquid–solid mixture densities, the solid densities of SCN–ACE alloys during solidification in a mushy mode are estimated based on either the Lever or Scheil solidification model, and are found to be close to solid densities for pure SCN.
Donor pre-treatment with everolimus or cyclosporine does not reduce ischaemia–reperfusion injury in a rat kidney transplant model

Background. Immunosuppressive agents have been investigated in renal ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) and have frequently demonstrated a beneficial effect. Most studies focused on treatment of the recipient at the time of transplantation. Pre-treatment of these organs before injury (pharmacological pre-conditioning) may particularly protect these organs. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of donor pre-treatment with cyclosporine (CsA) or the mTOR inhibitor everolimus or their combination against IRI during renal transplantation in a rat model. Methods. Donors received vehicle, CsA (5 mg/kg), everolimus (0.5 mg/kg) or CsA+everolimus. Two oral doses were administered to the donors at 24 h and again at 6 h prior to donor kidney removal. Syngeneic rat kidneys were preserved in UW solution for 24 h prior to transplantation. After 24 h of reperfusion, blood and tissue samples were collected from recipients for further analysis. Results. Renal functions as determined by creatinine and necrosis scores were not different between the experimental groups. Cleaved caspase-3, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nitrotyrosine protein levels were not statistically different between the four treatment groups at 24 h post-transplantation. Blood NMR analysis on metabolic markers for IRI reveals no beneficial effects of donor pre-treatment on the 24-h outcome in transplantation. Conclusions. When given alone or as a combination to donors before organ recovery, cyclosporine or everolimus does not appear to ameliorate IRI.
An Emulator for Debugging Service Programs in Ad Hoc Networks

Debugging of service programs for ad hoc networks using a real MANET requires an enormous number of devices, a vast testing space, and a lot of people. Many MANET emulators have been proposed to solve this problem. However, these emulators have drawbacks, especially in scalability. In this article, a real-time emulator, which has scalability, a monitoring function, and portability of service programs between the emulator and a real terminal, is proposed. The proposed emulator is confirmed as more effective than existing emulators.
Comment on "Wavelength controlled photonic true time delay for wide-band applications"

For original paper see Raz et al., ibid., vol.17, no.5, p.1076 (2005). Recently, motivated by wide-band radio frequency antenna control applications, Raz proposed and demonstrated a wavelength controlled photonic true time delay (TTD) line based on a single thin-film wavelength-division multiplexer. Nabeel comments on this paper.
Political Dialogue with Some Women Leaders in Moscow and Leningrad

Our American economist colleagues face demanding challenges in facilitating the transition to a market economy in the republics. Political scientists confront similar complexities in promoting the transition to democracy. The development of a viable and vibrant political science profession in the independent republics is one of the necessary, though hardly sufficient, guarantees that the goal will be achieved.
Papaverine topical gel for treatment of erectile dysfunction.

ABSTRACTIntracavernous injection of vasoactive substances has been shown to be an effective means of treatment of organic erectile dysfunction. However, up to 50% of men eventually discontinue treatment often because of lack of spontaneity and needle phobia. This study was done as a phase I, placebo controlled, nonblinded investigation of the safety and efficacy of a topical papaverine gel in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Of 20 men with organic impotence 17 completed the trial and 13 of these patients had spinal cord injuries. After application of a 15% and 20% papaverine base gel to the scrotum, perineum and penis, cavernous artery diameter was significantly increased (36%, p <0.001) as assessed by color flow Doppler ultrasound. Peak systolic flow velocity increased 26%. Only 3 of 14 patients achieved an increase in cavernous artery diameter of 75% or more and 2 of 14 had a peak systolic flow velocity of 25 cm. per second or more after application of a topical base gel. Similar findings were pre...
Minimizing the Data Transfer Time Using Multicore End-System Aware Flow Bifurcation

Data centers are being deployed in a wide variety of environments (cloud computing, scientific, financial, defense, etc.). When geographically distributed, these data centers must transmit and receive growing volumes of data. In order to avoid congestion in the public internet, most use high speed dedicated optical networks, which can be thought of as private highways for carrying data. In this work, we examined the impact of such high speed network traffic on a commodity multicore machine, and identified a number of scenarios that cause packet loss and degraded throughput due to an end-system inability to consume incoming data fast enough. We show that high speed single flow traffic nullifies the benefits of multicore systems and multiqueue NICs, and we propose an end-system aware flow bifurcation technique to optimize the data transfer time using rate based protocols. Using introspective end-system modeling, we determine the optimal number of parallel flows required to utilize the available bandwidth, and the optimal rate for each of the flows. We compare our approach with GridFTP, which is a widely used data transfer protocol in computational grids, and show that our approach performs better (particularly when the end-system losses are in the receive ring buffer.)
Mouse models of PI(3,5)P2 deficiency with impaired lysosome function

The endolysosomal system and autophagy are essential components of macromolecular turnover in eukaryotic cells. The low-abundance signaling lipid PI(3,5)P2 is a key regulator of this pathway. Analysis of mouse models with defects in PI(3,5)P2 biosynthesis has revealed the unique dependence of the mammalian nervous system on this signaling pathway. This insight led to the discovery of the molecular basis for several human neurological disorders, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and Yunis-Varon syndrome. Spontaneous mutants, conditional knockouts, transgenic lines, and gene-trap alleles of Fig4, Vac14, and Pikfyve (Fab1) in the mouse have provided novel information regarding the role of PI(3,5)P2in vivo. This review summarizes what has been learned from mouse models and highlights the utility of manipulating complex signaling pathways in vivo.
From Iron Wall to Iron Cage: Enclosures of Space and Meaning in Said's Palestine/Israel

Separation has been a staple in the politics of Palestine/Israel. A host of Israeli strategies have taken an aggressive form of separation as its object. Edward Said's post-1993 work on developments in Palestine/Israel demonstrates the degree to which attempts to separate one community from another encloses one or both communities. In this essay, I use two parallel images to develop this idea and its implications. The first is the construction of what Israel calls the "Security Barrier" which cuts off Palestinians from their land, its resources, and their livelihoods in the name of protecting Israeli citizens - including those in settlements - from acts of "terror." The second image is that of Said throwing a stone over the border of South Lebanon into Israel. The fallout over this "incident" - especially the disconnect between its depiction as a terrorist act and its actual gravity - points to another dimension of separation: the disproportionate power of one side over the narrative of the conflict. Access to "legitimate" agency separates the two sides while locking them into a mutually destructive narrative enclosure that the Separation Barrier seeks to enforce. What I'd like to explore here, using Said's work and these two images, is the logic of separation and its consequences, that is, how separation leads to enclosure of self and other, what the movement from separation to enclosure represents, and the nature and political prospects of the idea of enclosure itself.
PEDF in the Retina

Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a protective protein of the eye, with neurotrophic and anti-angiogenic activities. It was discovered as a secreted factor from retinal pigment epithelium. The interphotoreceptor matrix and vitreous humor contain soluble and diffusible PEDF protein, which interacts with glycosaminoglycans, collagen, and cell-surface receptors to act on retina cells. Sequence alignment reveals that PEDF is a member of the serpin superfamily. PEDF shares hallmark features of serpins including the conserved tertiary structure with an exposed peptide loop towards its C-end. However, it is classified as a noninhibitory serpin. This review will summarize studies on the role of PEDF in the retina, in particular its anti-angiogenic, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Studies with established animal models for retina diseases have demonstrated the importance of PEDF in the eye. In addition, PEDF is considered an important marker for retinal pigment epithelium derived from stem cells. The therapeutic potential of PEDF will be emphasized.
The Pedagogy of Innocence: Reflection on the Role of Innocence Projects in Clinical Legal Education

The service and policy missions of innocence projects have received considerable scholarly attention. Relatively little, however, has been written about the pedagogical mission of innocence projects as law school clinical programs. This article examines the pedagogical challenges and opportunities presented by clinical programs that investigate and litigate large, complex innocence cases. First, the article analyzes what innocence projects can and should teach law students, including lessons about facts and investigation skills; about the need for thoroughness and skepticism, and what that means in practice; about essential values of the profession, and about the risk that the narrow focus on representing only the innocent might convey unintended messages about the value of legal representation to all criminal defendants; about ethics; about doctrine and a critical perspective of legal institutions; and, finally, about judgment. Second, the article considers how innocence projects might meet those educational objectives. Among other things, the article probes how innocence projects - and other similar large-case clinical programs - can manage the traditional tensions between the goal of nondirective student supervision, including the need to allow students to gain ownership of their cases, and the responsibility of ensuring quality representation to the clients in these complex cases, in which so much is at stake.
The Impact of Imaging Modality on the Measurement of Coronal Plane Alignment After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract Background The optimal coronal alignment after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has become an area of increased debate. Sources of variability among investigations include the radiographic technique used for both preoperative surgical planning and postoperative alignment assessments. This study's purpose was to assess the impact of the imaging modality used on the measurement of coronal plane alignment after TKA. Methods A consecutive series of patients undergoing TKA using the same cruciate-retaining prosthesis were included for analysis. Postoperatively, all patients received both a rotationally controlled, scout computed tomography scan and a hip–knee–ankle (HKA) image using the EOS Imaging system (EOS Inc., Paris, France). Two, independent observers measured the HKA angle, and femoral and tibial component alignment from each image. Results After classifying overall and component alignment as neutral, varus, or valgus, 40.6% (65 of 160) of knees had a discordant alignment classification for HKA, 28.1% (45 of 160) for femoral component alignment, and 26.9% (43 of 160) for tibial component alignment between their computed tomography and EOS images. Overall, 24.4% (39 of 160) of patients had a HKA difference of ≥3° between the 2 images, whereas 18.8% (30 of 160) and 20.0% (32 of 160) of patients had a femoral and tibial component alignment difference of ≥2°, respectively. Conclusion Significant differences are present when comparing 2 measurement techniques of mechanical alignment after TKA. The impact of imaging modality on postoperative assessments must be accounted for and be consistent when comparing the results of different investigations.
Abstract 2873: The pandeacetylase inhibitor panobinostat induces the involvement of autophagy related factors in liver cancer cell death

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Background. Liver cancer still represents an unmet medical need with rising incidence rates also in Western countries. Panobinostat (LBH589, Novartis Oncology), a pandeacetylase inhibitor, represents a new agent with a promising future in liver cancer therapy. We have previously demonstrated that panobinostat is able to induce cell death in two liver cancer cell lines, HepG2 and Hep3B, through activation of ER stress related apoptotic pathways (Cell Oncol 2010;32:285-300). Panobinostat also significantly reduced the growth of HepG2 xenografts in nu/nu mice. We here demonstrate the implication of autophagy mechanisms into cell demise mediated by panobinostat. Materials and Methods. HepG2 (p53 wt) and Hep3B (p53 null) were treated for 72 hours with panobinostat and cell death was quantified through FACS with propidium ioded staining and CK18 fragmentation staining. Impedance based real-time cell analysis was performed to continuously monitor cell viability after panobinostat treatment. The expression of autophagy related factors was analyzed through RT-qPCR, western blot and immunofluorescence based cytochemistry. Results. Panobinostat induces cell death in a dose and time dependent manner. Autophagy related factors Atg5, Beclin and its activators Ambra, p62 and UVRAG were up-regulated after 48 hours of treatment. We also observed also significant increase of p73 expression in Hep3B cells after 24 hours of treatment. Immunofluorescence based cytochemistry showed a modification of the ubiquitous cytosolic distribution of Beclin and LC3B in both cell lines to a defined spot formation after treatment with panobinostat, indicating a probable autophagosome formation. Western blot analysis also demonstrated an increase of Beclin and LC3-I and LC3-II. Conclusion. Panobinostat treatment determines the involvement of autophagy related mechanisms in a ER stress related apoptosis scenario. The wide spectrum of mechanisms of action of panobinostat need to be further investigated. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2873. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2873
Network and neuronal membrane properties in hybrid networks reciprocally regulate selectivity to rapid thalamocortical inputs

Rapidly changing environments require rapid processing from sensory inputs. Varying deflection velocities of a rodent's primary facial vibrissa cause varying temporal neuronal activity profiles within the ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus. Local neuron populations in a single somatosensory layer 4 barrel transform sparsely coded input into a spike count based on the input's temporal profile. We investigate this transformation by creating a barrel-like hybrid network with whole cell recordings of in vitro neurons from a cortical slice preparation, embedding the biological neuron in the simulated network by presenting virtual synaptic conductances via a conductance clamp. Utilizing the hybrid network, we examine the reciprocal network properties (local excitatory and inhibitory synaptic convergence) and neuronal membrane properties (input resistance) by altering the barrel population response to diverse thalamic input. In the presence of local network input, neurons are more selective to thalamic input timing; this arises from strong feedforward inhibition. Strongly inhibitory (damping) network regimes are more selective to timing and less selective to the magnitude of input but require stronger initial input. Input selectivity relies heavily on the different membrane properties of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. When inhibitory and excitatory neurons had identical membrane properties, the sensitivity of in vitro neurons to temporal vs. magnitude features of input was substantially reduced. Increasing the mean leak conductance of the inhibitory cells decreased the network's temporal sensitivity, whereas increasing excitatory leak conductance enhanced magnitude sensitivity. Local network synapses are essential in shaping thalamic input, and differing membrane properties of functional classes reciprocally modulate this effect.
Radiation Protection of Medical Diagnosis X-ray of Township Hospitals in Ziyang,2011

Objective To comprehend the protection status of radioactive medical in township hospitals,so as to provide scientific basis to ensure the health of both staff and public health.Methods A total of 121 medical diagnostic X-ray rooms in 109 township hospitals were surveyed and tested with FJ-347A X-γ dosimeter and FD-3013B X-γ radiometers,focusing on the workplaces and surrounding environment dose,based on standards of GBZ130-2002 and GBZ18871-2002.Results The township hospitals medical diagnosis consisted mainly of X-ray machine 200 mA(66%),and the machine room area qualified rate was 61%.Leakage radiation of control room door and radiology door exceeded the standard by 14.8% and 20.6% respectively.Conclusion The town hospital radiological protection facilities are to be improved,such as lack of awareness of radiation protection,and frequently flow of the radiotherapist.Re-evaluation of occupational hazards before X-ray room construction should be intensified.
Viruses and Neoplasia

A key finding in recent research is that oncogenic viruses do not destroy the host cell but rather transform it in such a way that the usual restraints on its own multiplication are abolished. The complexity of the ensuing interactions is such that the viral origin of some human cancers will probably be established not through isolation of virus particles as such but through identification of “traces” of prior viral activity.
Acute adriamycin cardiotoxicity in rats.

To explore the possible occurrence and pathogenic implications of in vivo heart lipoperoxidation in the acute model of ADR-cardiotoxicity, male Wistar rats were injected i.v. with a single dose of ADR (15 mg/kg) and the controls with saline. The rats were killed at 24 and 96 hr after treatment and at the later period the serum levels of creatine kinase of ADR-treated rats were significantly elevated. ADR-treatment did not significantly modify the cardiac concentrations of DNA, RNA, protein, the levels of activity of cardiac catalase and GSH-Px or the in vitro production of malonaldehyde of cardiac homogenates. Mitochondrial swelling at 24 hr and reduction of the mitochondrial numerical and volumetric densities along with myofilament fragmentation at 96 hr were the most significant ultrastructural changes in cardiac myocytes of ADR-treated rats. Although in vivo lipoperoxidation (diene conjugation) was detected in the cardiac lipids of only 2 out of 6 rats at 24 hr and in 3 out of 6 rats at 96 hr, no clear correlation could be found between the eventual presence of this in vivo phenomenon and any of the cardiac changes. These data suggested that lipoperoxidation may not play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of acute ADR-cardiotoxicity in rats.