cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The analysis of production systems

Abstract The extreme cases of production operations—the job shop and the progressive assembly line—are viewed as special cases of a single general production model. They differ only in time span and the number of possible production routes. The common elements of the extreme systems can be studied by analysing a recent production system innovation, the carousel-work-transporter system. In this paper a simple production system capable of producing many different products is examined by decomposing the problem into its major parts (carousel, work transporter, linking conveyors and the work stations) and then using the results to compute overall system performance. We introduce the concept of virtual inventory and show how systems with this property can be more productive than progressive storage systems. While the system can be analysed by using computer simulation models we use only analytic queue theory models to obtain approximate results.
What I Learned from the Recession [Policy Perspectives]

I still have my job and home. Nonetheless this recession has taught me some very direct lessons about economics. Like many of you, I now know to spend more prudently, save more, and avoid taking on too much debt. But what about the big picture? What causes the economic fluctuations that give us our booms and busts? Do we know more about them than we did a century ago, or even three years ago? Here are some of the explanations that economists have given for business cycles.
Rapid development of enhanced atrazine degradation in a Dundee silt loam soil under continuous corn and in rotation with cotton.

Mississippi Delta cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in rotation with corn (Zea mays L.) was evaluated in field experiments from 2000 to 2005 at Stoneville, Mississippi. Plots maintained und...
Synthesis of the shark repellent pavoninin-4

[reaction: see text] The first synthesis of the shark repellent pavoninin-4, 3, was achieved in 12 steps with 21% overall yield from diosgenin, 8. Key reactions involve an efficient synthesis of the C-15alpha hydroxyl steroid from a C-16beta hydroxyl steroid by an unexpected 1,2-transposition strategy, a stereospecific glycosylation of a hindered C-15alpha alcohol using glycosyl fluoride as a glycosyl donor and a highly chemoselective acetylation of the C-26 primary alcohol by catalytic transesterification.
A Promise Kept

This article is largely biographical and relates to my experiences of the past 67 years in research and teaching, both of equal importance in my life. I was fortunate to start at the beginning of the development of instrumental methods of analysis and have eagerly embraced each new methodology as it became available. This paper is dedicated to all those students and colleagues who taught me much and whose efforts are mainly responsible for what has been accomplished in our work with food science and technology. The research focused primarily on trying to find out the “why” behind the problems that food, and especially the dairy products area, encountered over the past 65 years. The teaching has tried to foster thinking and problem solving.
A Color Visualization Method to the Isochores of DNA Sequences

Isochore is one of the most striking features of the DNA sequences of warm-blooded animals. Isochores affect both coding and non-coding sequences and reflect a fundamental level of genome organization. In this paper, a new method (GCDT) is introduced to display the isochore structures. This method not only can illustrate the isochore structures very well, but also can provide a more detailed description about the GC variation along the genome sequence. GCDT gives an intuitive visual description for the DNA sequences, and matches well with the results of z' curve.
Depressed tolerance to fluorocarbon-simulated ischemia in failing myocardium due to impaired [Ca2+]imodulation

The aim of this study was to investigate the tolerance of failing myocardium from postinfarction rats to simulated ischemia. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by ligation of the left coronary ...
Hamstrings stiffness and landing biomechanics linked to anterior cruciate ligament loading

Context: Greater hamstrings stiffness is associated with less anterior tibial translation during controlled perturbations. However, it is unclear how hamstrings stiffness influences anterior crucia...
Human Breast Carcinoma: Fibrin Deposits ans Desmoplasia. Inflammatory Cell Type and Distribution. Microvasculature and Infarction

Study of 14 human infiltrating breast carcinomas revealed new features that shed light on the pathogenesis of tumor stroma formation and on host immunologic defense mechanisms. Fibrin deposits were observed in the stroma of all tumors, particularly at their growing edge. Fibrin may have contributed both to tumor angiogenesis and, with organization, to the formation of the fibrous stroma characteristic of these and other scirrhous carcinomas. We previously proposed similar mechanisms for several animal tumors. All breast carcinomas studied elicited some degree of lymphocytic response at the tumor periphery; lymphocytes penetrated the fibrous tumor stroma poorly, did not exit in significant numbers from central tumor vessels, and, even when greatly outnumbering tumor cells locally, appeared relatively ineffective at tumor cell killing. Microvascular endothelial cell damage was frequently observed and may have been responsible for zones of tumor infarction. Similar observations have been made in skin allografts and animal tumors where rejection was effected principally by microvascular damage and subsequent tissue infarction, not by lymphocyte contact with individual epithelial target cells.
The Hilbert–Huang Transform: A High Resolution Spectral Method for Nonlinear and Nonstationary Time Series

Online Material: Color versions of spectrogram figures; R and hht code installation instructions with examples. The Fourier transform remains one of the most popular spectral methods in time‐series analysis, so much so that the word “spectrum” is virtually equivalent to “Fourier spectrum” (Huang et al. , 2001). This method assumes that a time series extends from positive to negative infinity (stationarity) and consists of a linear superposition of sinusoids (linearity). However, geophysical signals are never stationary and are not necessarily linear. This results in a trade‐off between time and frequency resolution for nonstationary signals and the creation of spurious harmonics for nonlinear signals. We present an open‐source implementation of the Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT), an alternative spectral method designed to avoid the linearity and stationarity constraints of Fourier analysis. The HHT defines instantaneous frequency as the time derivative of phase, illuminating previously inaccessible spectral details in transient signals. Nonlinear signals become frequency modulations rather than a series of fitted sinusoids, eliminating artificial harmonics in the resulting spectrogram. In this paper, we describe the HHT algorithm and present our recently‐developed hht package for the R programming language. This package includes routines for empirical mode decomposition (EMD), ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and Hilbert spectral analysis. It also comes with high‐level plotting functions for easy and accurate visualization of the resulting waveforms and spectra. We demonstrate this code by applying it to three signals: a synthetic nonlinear waveform, a transient signal recorded at Deception Island volcano, Antarctica, and quasi‐harmonic tremor from Reventador volcano, Ecuador. The synthetic signal shows how the EMD method breaks complex time series into simpler modes. It also illustrates how the Hilbert transforms of nonlinear signals produce frequency oscillations rather than harmonics. The transient signal demonstrates the high‐time/frequency resolution of the HHT method. The volcanic‐tremor signal has high‐frequency harmonics in the …
Olanzapine: Interaction study with imipramine

Olanzapine is an "atypical" antipsychotic agent with a high affinity for serotonin 5HT2A/C, 5HT3, 5HT6, and dopamine D1, D2, D3, D4 receptors. Depressed patients with psychotic disorders frequently require treatment with concomitant antipsychotic and antidepressant medications. Imipramine pharmacokinetics serve as a marker for hepatic CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP3A activity. An open-label, three-way randomized crossover study was done to determine the safety, pharmacokinetics, and potential for a drug interaction between olanzapine (5 mg) and imipramine (75 mg). Each drug was administered alone and in combination. Nine healthy men, ages 32 to 54 years, enrolled in the study. Psychomotor performance capacities, plasma olanzapine, imipramine, desipramine concentrations, and clinical laboratory tests were measured. Pharmacokinetic variables, vital signs, subjective tests for liveliness, and psychomotor outcomes were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA. Olanzapine was safe. Sedation, postural hypotension, and minor vital sign alterations occurred during all treatments. On the liveliness questionnaire, patients generally reported poorer (less lively) scores with olanzapine alone or coadministered with imipramine versus baseline scores. These effects disappeared within 24 hours after administration. Olanzapine alone and in combination decreased motor-speed tasks (finger tapping and visual-arm random reach) compared with baseline or imipramine treatment. Peak 6-hour changes were statistically significant but clinical importance was only marginal. Olanzapine concentrations were < 19% greater than with imipramine. But olanzapine did not affect the kinetics of imipramine or desipramine and, therefore, did not show a metabolic drug interaction involving CYP2D6.
The Vehicle Routing Problem with Demand Range

We propose and formulate the vehicle routing problem with demand range (VRPDR), a new variation on the traditional vehicle routing problem. In the VRPDR, the delivery quantity for each customer i is allowed to vary from its original size di by an amount αdi where 0 ≤ α< 1. In adding this limited flexibility to the problem, there is potential to generate significant savings in the total distance traveled. We address issues such as bounding the impact of a given α on total distance and provide empirical results to illustrate "typical" behavior.
Quasi-static pressure, duration, and impulse for explosions (e.g. HE) in structures

Abstract Similitude analysis has been used to obtain dimensionless parameters for peak quasi-static pressures, blowdown duration, and specific impulse for blast loading within enclosures. Data from the United States and Europe have been collected and analyzed, and then displayed graphically according to relationships derived from the similitude analysis. Three graphs are presented, along with appropriate curve fits, of the reduced (nondimensional) pressure versus a reduced energy, a reduced duration versus the reduced pressure, and a reduced specific impulse versus the reduced pressure.
Interactions of chlorinated polyolefins with ethylene-propylene copolymers and their relevance to painted TPOs

An experimental and theoretical investigation of the phase behavior of blends of aliphatic polyesters, possessing different methylene content and chlorinated polypropylenes (PP-C1), containing 26, 32 and 65 wt% chlorine, respectively, has been performed. A window of miscibility was found only for the PP-C165; however, this was sufficient to apply a binary interaction model of phase behavior in polymers and allow for an estimation of the segmental interaction parameters that define the overall polymer pair interaction. Complete immiscibility was found in all blends of polyesters containing PP-C126 and PP-C132; a result consistent with model calculations. A number of simplifications have been made concerning the structures of polymers and assumptions have been made to apply the theoretical model. The segmental interaction parameters obtained have been extended to estimate the thermodynamic interaction in blends of polyolefins and chlorinated polyolefins and then used to calculate the relevant interfacial thicknesses. These results have been compared with information presented in the literature.
An Integrated, Ethically Driven Environmental Model of Clinical Decision Making in Emergency Settings

PURPOSE: To explore the relationship between multiple variables within a model of critical thinking and moral reasoning. METHODS: A quantitative descriptive correlational design using a purposive sample of 200 emergency nurses. Measured variables were accuracy in clinical decision-making, moral reasoning, perceived care environment, and demographics. Analysis was by bivariate correlation using Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients, chi square and multiple linear regression analysis. FINDINGS: The elements as identified in the integrated ethically-driven environmental model of clinical decision-making (IEDEM-CD) corrected depict moral reasoning and environment of care as factors significantly affecting accuracy in decision-making. CONCLUSIONS: The integrated, ethically driven environmental model of clinical decision making is a framework useful for predicting clinical decision making accuracy for emergency nurses in practice, with further implications in education, research and policy. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: A diagnostic and therapeutic framework for identifying and remediating individual and environmental challenges to accurate clinical decision making.
Lack of CXC chemokine receptor 3 signaling leads to hypertrophic and hypercellular scarring.

CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) signaling promotes keratinocyte migration while terminating fibroblast and endothelial cell immigration into wounds; this signaling also directs epidermal and matrix maturation. Herein, we investigated the long-term effects of failure to activate the “stop-healing” CXCR3 axis. Full-thickness excisional wounds were created on CXCR3 knockout(−/−) or wild-type mice and examined at up to 180 days after wounding. Grossly, the CXCR3−/− mice presented a thick keratinized scar compared with the wild-type mice in which the scar was scarcely noticeable; histological examination revealed thickening of both the epidermis and dermis. The dermis was disorganized with thick and long collagen fibrils and contained excessive collagen content in comparison with the wild-type mice. Interestingly, the CXCR3−/− wounds presented lower tensile/burst strength, which correlates with decreased alignment of collagen fibers, similar to published findings of human scars. Persistent Extracellular matrix turnover and immaturity was shown by the elevated expression of proteins of the immature matrix as well as expression of matrix metallopeptidase-9 MMP-9. Interestingly, the scars in the CXCR3−/− mice presented evidence of de novo development of a sterile inflammatory response only months after wounding; earlier periods showed resolution of the initial inflammatory stage. These in vivo studies establish that the absence of CXCR3−/− signaling network results in hypertrophic and hypercellular scarring characterized by on-going wound regeneration, cellular proliferation, and scars in which immature matrix components are undergoing increased turnover resulting in a chronic inflammatory process.
Repression of Runx2 function by TGF-β through recruitment of class II histone deacetylases by Smad3

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) inhibits osteoblast differentiation through inhibition of the function of Runx2 (Cbfa1) by Smad3. The mechanism through which TGF-β/Smad3 inhibits Runx2 function has not been characterized. We show that TGF-β induces histone deacetylation, primarily of histone H4, at the osteocalcin promoter, which is repressed by TGF-β, and that histone deacetylation is required for repression of Runx2 by TGF-β. This repression occurs through the action of the class IIa histone deacetylases (HDAC)4 and 5, which are recruited through interaction with Smad3 to the Smad3/Runx2 complex at the Runx2-binding DNA sequence. Accordingly, HDAC4 or 5 is required for efficient TGF-β-mediated inhibition of Runx2 function and is involved in osteoblast differentiation. Our results indicate that class IIa HDACs act as corepressors for TGF-β/Smad3-mediated transcriptional repression of Runx2 function in differentiating osteoblasts and are cell-intrinsic regulators of osteoblast differentiation.
Efficient inference of local ancestry.

Motivation: The inference of local ancestry of admixed individuals at every locus provides the basis for admixture mapping. Local ancestry information has been used to identify genetic susceptibility loci. Results: In this study, we developed a statistical method, efficient inference of local ancestry (EILA), which uses fused quantile regression and k-means classifier to infer the local ancestry for admixed individuals. We also conducted a simulation study using HapMap data to evaluate the performance of EILA in comparison with two competing methods, HAPMIX and LAMP. In general, the performance declined as the ancestral distance decreased and the time since admixture increased. EILA performed as well as the other two methods in terms of computational efficiency. In the case of closely related ancestral populations, all the three methods performed poorly. Most importantly, when the ancestral distance was large or moderate, EILA had higher accuracy and lower variation in comparison with the other two methods. Availability and implementation: EILA is implemented as an R package, which is freely available from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (http://cran.r-project.org/). Contact: moc.liamg@tatsgnayj
A simple mean field theory of adsorption in disordered porous materials

Abstract We present a mean field theory of adsorption for fluids in heterogeneous solids such as silica gel. The theory is based on a molecular model which treats the silica gel as a matrix of particles with a predefined structure. Under certain well defined conditions, adsorption of fluids in such an adsorbent can be treated similarly to the problem of the solubility of adsorbate molecules in an equilibrium fluid mixture of adsorbate molecules and matrix particles. We investigate the simplest mean field approximation for this problem. Comparison is made with Monte Carlo simulations for single component and binary mixture adsorption of argon and methane in silica gel. For these systems accurate prediction of the adsorption equilibrium can be obtained by fitting the adsorbate—adsorbate parameters in the mean field theory to the bulk equation of state and the adsorbate—adsorbent parameters to Henry's law constant for adsorption. Comparison with experiment for ethane—methane mixtures is also presented. In this case it was necessary to adjust the adsorbate—adsorbent interaction parameter away from Henry's law value in order to provide a reasonable fit of the pure component isotherm over the entire pressure range. Good predictions of binary adsorption equilibria can then be obtained from the pure component parameters.
Interreflections in Rooms by a Network Method

A network method for the prediction of the luminous-emittance distribution after interreflections in rooms with specified geometry, initial division of light flux to the room surfaces, and luminous reflectances of the room surfaces is presented. Potentials in the network are initial and total (i.e., after interreflections) luminous emittances while the surface reflectances and shape factors define the resistances. Uniform illumination of all surfaces and diffuse light-flux emission and reflection are postulated. Algebraic solutions to the networks describing infinite and cubical rooms are presented. The average illumination of any plane of arbitrary orientation, such as the working plane, can be computed by a floating potential node technique. Luminous-emittance distributions in a cubical room as obtained by Moon’s integral-equation solutions are compared with data obtained by the network method.
An autobiographical longitudinal study of event memory and affect during second‐language acquisition

Abstract Combining the methodology of natural memory research and the problem of bilingual information processing, the author (a native English speaker) performed a longitudinal study on himself to observe the process of becoming bilingual. during a semester of living and teaching in Brazil. Over a four‐month period, three events were recorded each day, one occurring in English, one in Portuguese, and one language‐neutral. These events were rated on scales of importance, affect, self‐esteem and language anxiety, as well as the modality (written or oral) and whether production or comprehension or both were involved. Memory for the date of the event was tested 2, 4, and 6 months after the start of the experiment. Results showed that modality and production vs. comprehension were important variables, with oral events and conversations being remembered better and rated more important and higher in affect and anxiety than written and comprehension events. The differences of Portuguese vs. English events showed...
A simulation study of unwhitened versus whitened EMG amplitude estimation

Amplitude estimates of simulated surface electromyograms (EMGs) were studied using both unwhitened and whitened EMG amplitude estimators. Constant-effort non-fatiguing EMGs were simulated as the superposition of simple synthetic motor unit action potential trains (MUAPTs). Each MUAPT was formed from random firings of randomly shaped motor unit action potentials. Two aspects of unwhitened vs. whitened amplitude estimators were studied: (1) the relationship between the mean value of the EMG amplitude estimate vs. the level of contraction and (2) the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) performance of the EMG amplitude estimate. It was found that the relationships between estimated EMG amplitude vs. MUAPT firing rate and the number of MUAPTs were not altered by whitening. However, the performance of whitened amplitude estimators was markedly better. These results suggest that whitening can provide a higher fidelity EMG amplitude estimate without distorting the relationship between EMG and the mechanical output of the muscle.
Regulatory Functions of Phospholipase D and Phosphatidic Acid in Plant Growth, Development, and Stress Responses

Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyzes membrane lipids to generate phosphatidic acid (PA) and a free-head group ([Fig. 1][1]), and this activity is widespread in plants. Recent results indicate that PLD plays multiple regulatory roles in diverse plant processes, including abscisic acid (ABA) signaling,
“It's Cheesy When They Smile: ” What Girl Athletes Prefer in Images of Female College Athletes

Building on previous research in which we provided an opportunity for female college athletes to construct their own photographic portrayals, this study explored young female athletes' perceptions of the college athlete photographs. Fifty-two girls participated in focus group interviews where they viewed and discussed the images. The young athletes particularly liked images they perceived to show authentic athletes (e.g., in athletic settings, with appropriate sport attire), images they could relate to due to personal experiences, and images that reflected competent and passionate sportswomen. Images perceived as revealing a lack of motivation, poor sporting attitudes, and nonathletic poses generally were disliked. Images depicting multiple social identities (e.g., an athlete in a dress) were controversial and generated much discussion.
Queerest Little City in the World: Gay Reno in the Sixties

This article is a history of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community in Reno, Nevada, during the 1960s. Despite prevalent beliefs that there was not a coherent LGBT community in Reno before Stonewall, my article shows the opposite. Linked by several LGBT-owned businesses and public places, Reno had a well-defined community that people knew about. The article also shows how Reno was looked at as a failing marginalized city throughout the 1960s and that this, in turn, allowed it to become a prime place for LGBT peoples to move and start gentrifying the area. The article also shows how the unusual nature of Nevada and its relation to vice during the middle decades made it fertile ground for businesses to spring up that catered to the LGBT community. Overall, the article shows a dense series of networks between LGBT Northern Nevada natives, tourists, and the spaces they inhabited during the 1960s.
Utility of a Bayesian Mathematical Model to Predict the Impact of Immunogenicity on Pharmacokinetics of Therapeutic Proteins

The impact of an anti-drug antibody (ADA) response on pharmacokinetic (PK) of a therapeutic protein (TP) requires an in-depth understanding of both PK parameters and ADA characteristics. The ADA and PK bioanalytical assays have technical limitations due to high circulating levels of TP and ADA, respectively, hence, significantly hindering the interpretation of this assessment. The goal of this study was to develop a population-based modeling and simulation approach that can identify a more relevant PK parameter associated with ADA-mediated clearance. The concentration-time data from a single dose PK study using five monoclonal antibodies were modeled using a non-compartmental analysis (NCA), one-compartmental, and two-compartmental Michaelis-Menten kinetic model (MMK). A novel PK parameter termed change in clearance time of the TP (α) derived from the MMK model could predict variations in α much earlier than the time points when ADA could be bioanalytically detectable. The model could also identify subjects that might have been potentially identified as false negative due to interference of TP with ADA detection. While NCA and one-compartment models can estimate loss of exposures, and changes in clearance, the two-compartment model provides this additional ability to predict that loss of exposure by means of α. Modeling data from this study showed that the two-compartment model along with the conventional modeling approaches can help predict the impact of ADA response in the absence of relevant ADA data.
Stretchable Figures of Merit in Deformable Electronics

Stretchable electronic systems accommodate strain in various ways-from the intrinsic mechanical properties, through composite structures, by the formation of cracks, or with other mechanisms. This has produced some imprecision in the literature on what is meant by the term "stretchable."
Characterization and function of Ca2+-activated K+ channels in arteriolar muscle cells

We examined the functional role of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+(KCa) channels in the hamster cremasteric microcirculation by intravital videomicroscopy and characterized the single-channel p...
Forum: Industriebrachen und Kulturblüten—Vom Wert und dem Dilemma von Zwischennutzungen

Abandoned industrial areas are targets for urban regeneration and new uses, such as shopping centers, offices and luxury housing. During the planning process and the search for investors, brownfield sites are let to temporary users. A wide range of artists, cultural entrepreneurs, small businesses and manufacturers settle into the areas. Relatively low rents make the spaces attractive for such activities. Most owners welcome these tenants as they bring in reasonable income as well as investing in the rooms and infrastructure and improving the image of the area with musicals, theatres, etc. Hence, planners, the public and social scientists paid little attention to the value and significance of the interim activities themselves. A recent research project has shown that more than forty percent of the enterprises in such areas belong to the creative industries. The rate of business start-ups is clearly above average and the impact on the local economy is considerable. Innovative activities have a high presence, an avant garde emerges in cultural areas, and future expectations for businesses are good. The dilemma arises when these enterprises come under pressure to leave when the plans for redevelopment and new spaces are ready. As the importance of creative areas for the life and future of a city is now being recognized, the ‘straight’ path to redevelopment is being reconsidered. Alternative pension funds seem to be one way out of the dilemma.
Pressure Correction Solver Based on Preconditioned Numeric Flux for Incompressible and Compressible Flows

Pressure based solvers in collocated grid arrangement require additional dissipation term in order to prevent pressure-velocity decoupling. Typically the dissipation is added through an interpolation procedure for the face velocity. While the face velocity interpolation resolves problems related to odd-even decoupling, the resulting dissipation is somewhat larger than what is required for the solution stabilization leading to diusive contact and shock interfaces. On the other hand, density based solvers are well known for their resolution of discontinuities. They are often used in conjunction with eigenvalue preconditioning in order to be applicable in the low Mach number and incompressible limits. Here we demonstrate how ideas from both pressure and density based solvers can be utilized to create an all speed pressure based solver with minimal dissipation. The main idea is to use density based framework to dene dissipation terms while a pressure based solver is used for the overall solution algorithm and updates of primitive variables.
Multisite Ion Models That Improve Coordination and Free Energy Calculations in Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Current ion models in molecular mechanics are simple spheres, and their interactions are solely determined from the van der Waals radius of the sphere and the total charge. Here, we introduce a model where we distribute the total charge of the ion into n-dummy centers that are placed in the direction of the coordinating atoms. We have parametrized this model for two divalent cations, Ca2+ and Mg2+, and have tested the model’s accuracy in a variety of simulations. With this model we are not only able to correctly predict the free energies and selectivity for cation binding sites in proteins and nucleic acids, but we achieve better coordination geometries and can capture more subtle effects such as the exchange of inner shell waters. Additionally, this model does not employ higher-order electrostatics and thus can be easily used with standard force fields.
New Large-deflection Flexure Pivot Based on Curved Flexure Element

Curved flexure element such as initially-curved segments can deflect more largely and facilely than notch flexure element in functional direction.A new annulus-shaped large-deflection flexure pivot, distributed leafy rotary flexure pivot, is obtained by distributing curved flexure elements around a point in plane space.Mathematic model is established for analyzing flexure pivot performance.A main-motion-element pseudo-rigid-body method is used to simplify mathematic model because it is difficult to set up exact mathematic model for complicated structure of flexure pivot.Flexure pivot performance is analyzed under pure torque and the accuracy of model is demonstrated by comparing pseudo-rigid-body model outcomes to non-linear finite element analysis.The result shows that the distributed leafy rotary flexure pivot has large rotary stroke that is a new large-deflection flexure pivot.
The kidney in heart failure.

The kidney's role in cardiac failure is not that of a culprit; rather it is that of an innocent victim, responding appropriately to signals from the failing heart to retain salt and water. With wider options in cardiac therapy, the renal aspect of heart failure takes on added clinical relevance. Treatment has to include consideration of any agent's action on the kidney.
Where Google Scholar stands on art: an evaluation of content coverage in online databases

This study evaluates the content coverage of Google Scholar , as it compares to three bibliographic databases – Arts & humanities citation index, Bibliography of the history of art and Art full text/Art index retrospective – on the subject of art history. The comparison reveals that it indexes roughly one-third of the 470 tested articles, dwarfed by the Arts & humanities citation index ’s 73% coverage. Additionally, 64% of the 157 articles retrieved in Google Scholar are ‘citation-only’ records that contain incomplete bibliographic data and lack direct links to the abstracts or full text of the articles.
Cost-effectiveness of cervical spine clearance interventions with litigation and long-term-care implications in obtunded adult patients following blunt injury.

BACKGROUNDRecent guidelines from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma conditionally recommend cervical collar removal after a negative cervical computed tomography in obtunded adult blunt trauma patients. Although the rates of missed injury are extremely low, the impact of chronic care
JAK polymorphisms: jack of all cytokines, masters GVHD?

Acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is mediated by the donor T cells and amplified by the inflammatory cytokines. Acute GVHD remai...
Miniaturization of TEM Horn Using Spherical Modes Engineering

The spherical mode expansion is exploited to miniaturize a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) horn antenna and achieve good frequency and time domain performances. To adjust the radiated powers of fundamental transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes, the combined loop and TEM horn antenna is engineered. The constructive combination of the two modes below the horn’s turn-on frequency miniaturizes the antenna and improves its gain. The magnitude and phase tuning of the desired modes is achieved by modifying the loop’s geometry. The spherical modal spectrum at higher frequencies is also studied and the antenna’s geometry is further modified to maintain constructive interference between the higher order spherical modes. A prototype with electrical size of $0.188~\lambda ~\times0.145\lambda ~\times0.087\lambda $ (length $\times $ width $\times $ height) at the turn-on frequency is fabricated over a ground plane. Over three times lower turn-on frequency is obtained compared to a conventional TEM horn with up to 9 dB improvement in the realized gain at the low end and better radiation characteristics over more than 5:1 bandwidth (from 0.87 to 4.5 GHz). Unidirectional operation with front to back ratio >9 dB and excellent time-domain performance with fidelity factor >95% over wide field of view are also demonstrated.
Radiotracer Profiles in Sulfur Implanted GaAs

We have measured profiles of S35 implanted in GaAs at 100 keV, using an anodization and stripping technique, in an effort to better understand the characteristics of sulfur implanted layers in GaAs. Profile data from unannealed samples implanted at either room temperature or 350°C show that the S35 distribution is close to the LSS prediction. Measurement of the S35 counting rate before and after annealing at 850°C for 30 min using a silicon nitride layer as a protective cap shows that 50 and 75% of the implanted tracer diffuses to the surface of the GaAs sample, and is removed during dissolution of the nitride layer and removal of the layer of GaAs (about 130A) by anodization and stripping. This amount of out- diffusion of the implanted sulfur may largely account for the apparent low doping efficiencies achieved by sulfur implantation.
Comparison of Acridine Orange Staining Using Fluorescence Microscopy with Traditional Methods for Microbiological Examination of Selected Dry Food Products

A comparison was made between the acridine orange stain, gram stain and methylene blue stain for direct microscopic counts (DMC) of microorganisms in gravy mixes, spices, cocoa products and baby foods. Bacteria were detected in 96% (45/47) of the samples stained with acridine orange, 64% (30/47) for the gram stain and 66% (31/47) for the methylene blue stain. In most instances, acridine-orange smears showed higher numbers of bacteria than the traditional stains. The staining quality of the acridine orange was better than the conventional stains with bacteria, yeast cells, and mold hyphae fluorescing very differently from the background. The results indicate that direct staining with acridine orange is better than the traditional methods for estimating bacterial numbers in such foods.
Viscoelastic reverse time migration with attenuation compensation

ABSTRACTWe have developed a theory of viscoelastic reverse time migration (RTM). The main feature of viscoelastic RTM is a compensation for P- and S-wave attenuation effects in seismic images during migration. The forward modeling engine is based on a viscoelastic wave equation involving fractional Laplacians. Because of the decoupled attenuation property, wave propagation can be simulated in three scenarios, i.e., only the amplitude loss effect, only the phase dispersion effect, or both effects simultaneously. This separation brings practical flexibility to studying attenuation effects on wave propagation and imaging. The backward modeling operator is constructed by reversing the sign of first-order time derivative amplitude loss operators. Synthetic examples determine the ability of viscoelastic RTM to illuminate degraded areas and shadow zones caused by attenuation. Numerical experiments also reveal that Q-compensated imaging is noticeably more accurate in kinematics and dynamics than elastic imaging i...
CD79b Expression in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Abstract Context.—CD79b is a relatively newly characterized B-cell marker that is expressed in a minority of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cases. Objective.—To systematically correlate CD79b expression with specific morphologic and immunophenotypic findings and trisomy 12. Design.—We assessed CD79b expression in 100 consecutively accrued CLL cases that were also analyzed by conventional cytogenetics. Based on the association between trisomy 12 and CD79b expression, we then assessed 43 additional CLL cases with trisomy 12. CD79b expression was correlated with morphology and expression of other immunophenotypic markers. Results.—Eighteen (18%) of 100 consecutively accrued cases were CD79b positive. No significant association was found between CD79b expression and atypical morphology. CD79b expression correlated with CD22 and FMC7 positivity. Eight (8%) cases had trisomy 12; 4 (50%) of these were CD79b positive, suggesting an association with trisomy 12. Examination of a second group of 51 CLL cases wit...
Ecuador and the Chevron Case: Spinning Risk, Hazard and Reward

This chapter focuses on Ecuadorian press coverage of the Chevron legal case in Ecuador, which arose out of allegations that indigenous populations suffered health hazards from decades of living in lands contaminated by petroleum extractive activities. A case study of the nexus of news values and environmental and health risk and hazard, it offers an opportunity to better comparatively understand the mediated social construction of claims-making during one of the biggest environmental legal battles in the world. Legal arenas provide ground for study of disproportionate risks in terms of actors, responsibility and credibility, as claims are picked up by media and repeated over time. These iterations have significance for public engagement, agency and debate over issues associated with risks to environmental and human health.
Quemada model approach to oil or synthetic oil based drilling fluids rheological modelling

Abstract Understanding and modelling the deviations from Newtonian behavior of synthetic-based drilling fluids (SBFs) is essential to design optimal flow systems and efficient cuttings transport. This research develops a better insight into synthetic fluid rheology based on the theory of internal structural units (SUs) suspensions. Although different studies have been proposed to characterize SBF rheology, yield stress and time dependency proved difficult to determine. This study explains how most difficulties disappear when taking thixotropy into account. The behavior of structural units and effective volume fractions as a function of shear rate, has been analyzed by Qemada (1998) to develop a rheological model for particles suspension. This rheological model has been modified to describe the behavior of SBFs. For validation purposes, an industrial SBF used for drilling in a shale reservoir is analyzed. A novel experimental procedure is proposed that makes extensive use of rotational rheometers to estimate the parameters of the model. Various combinations of temperatures and resting times have been tested to develop semi-empirical correlations for the model parameters. In addition, a practical use of the model is demonstrated by accurately estimating the settling of retrieved shale cuttings through the analyzed synthetic fluid. The experimental protocol represents a design tool for onshore and offshore drilling operations that involve SBFs, with potential improvements on optimization of flow systems and cuttings transport efficiency.
Assessment and quantification of ballistic impact damage of a single-layer woven fabric composite:

A methodology is developed to visually analyze and quantify macroscale and mesoscale impact damage on a single layer of S-2 glass/SC15 toughened epoxy plain weave composite. Specimens were clamped ...
Calibrating Nutritionally Driven Selective Transport

This chapter recounts zooarchaeologists’ efforts to more closely specify and standardize the variable nutritional values of different sections of animal bodies, as noted in Chap. 5. Their primary motivation was to understand the logic of human selectivity behind the element frequency structure in archaeofaunas. The chapter outlines Binford’s development of utility indices to calibrate the relative nutritional yields of different carcass segments, and his linkage of utilities with archaeofaunal elements frequencies through utility curves. It reviews species for which utility indices were developed, as well as early archaeofaunal analyses using these indices. The chapter describes a later simplification of Binford’s original calculations, the Food Utility Index (FUI) and discusses whether and how consideration of marrow, meat drying , and other utilities may be used to elucidate the choices behind archaeofaunal element frequencies.
Endoscopic dilation for treatment of esophageal motility disorders

Abstract Esophageal dilation is an important therapeutic strategy in patients with esophageal motility disorders. Patients with achalasia have for many years benefited from pneumatic dilation as a definitive form of therapy, which is superior to botulinum toxin injection and equivalent in efficacy to surgical myotomy. Optimal performance of pneumatic dilation ensures maximum efficacy and reduced complication of perforation. Esophageal dilation also plays a crucial role in esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction due to strictures or prior surgical interventions as well as in esophageal hypercontractile states such as spastic disorders or in those with nonobstructive dysphagia. In this section, we will review the clinical evidence of esophageal dilation in achalasia, esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction, esophageal spastic disorders and in patients with dysphagia and nonobstructive dysphagia. We will outline specific techniques currently recommended and employed in esophageal dilations for these disorders and provide relative efficacy to other forms of therapy.
Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on Types in language design and implementation

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 4th ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on Types in Language Design and Implementation -- TLDI'09. The TLDI workshops are a continuation of the Types in Compilation -- TIC workshops, the first of which was held in 1997. This series of workshops brings together researchers from the many areas influenced by types. The role of types in all aspects of language design, compiler construction, and software development has expanded greatly in recent years. Type systems, type analyses, and formal deduction have led to new concepts in compilation techniques for modern programming languages, verification of safety and security properties of programs, program transformation and optimization, and many other areas. The mission of these workshops is to bring together researchers in all these areas to share novel ideas and stimulate interaction and discussion on the ever expanding use of types. The call for papers attracted 36 submissions. All submissions were rigorously reviewed by at least three program committee members, with further input from more than 30 external reviewers. The program committee accepted 18 research papers and 2 tool demonstrations. The proceedings also include two invited contributions by Umut Acar and Cristina Cifuentes.
The Effects of Blue Light on Ocular Health

Why should we care about blue light? For years now, professionals in the fields of light energy and vision have known about the hazards ultraviolet (UV) light presents to ocular health. We are gradually having longer and more intense exposures to blue light; much of the world of commercial display and industry is lit with cool white fluorescent tubes which emit a strong spike of light in the blue range. Indeed many homes and offices are lit with cool white fluorescent tubes. No one doubts more people are spending time in front of video display terminals (VDTs) which produce blue light. While some people find blue light irritates their eyes or causes headache, most are able to ignore it. Scientists only now are beginning to investigate its long-term effects and offer some solutions for maintaining ocular health in the presence of blue light.
A brief contextual behavioral intervention to improve relationships: A randomized trial

Abstract Higher quality relationships enhance our emotional well-being, physical health, and life-span. This study describes a four-session intervention for increasing closeness in romantic and non-romantic dyads. Three key relational constructs – awareness, courage and love (ACL) – were targeted in a randomized control trial comparing ACL (n = 36) with an active comparison condition (n = 34). ACL was a structured protocol involving four one-hour weekly sessions between a trained coach and both members of a relational dyad. Overall, results were mixed. While there were few significant results for the full sample, for those with high fear of intimacy, the ACL intervention decreased fear of intimacy and improved social connectedness and intimacy between members of dyads compared to the control group post-intervention and at one-month follow-up. These results are encouraging for a potentially significant subset of the general public with high fear of intimacy who can be helped to access the mental and physical health benefits of relationships.