cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma with the Antiviral Drug 9-[(2-Hydroxyethoxymethyl)] Guanine: A Case Report

A patient with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma was treated for 7 weeks with 9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy methyl)] guanine (acyclovir). Although progression of the disease was not interrupted in this patient, further trials of acyclovir are warranted.
Meta-XML Specification

The task of keeping any form of consistency in websites is difficult. Websites exist for long periods. Over this period of time, many people author webpages for a given website. People are not good at consistently following sets of rules. XML can assist webpage authors by ensuring that webpages of the same type have the same kinds of semantic content.No system exists to help maintain complex relationships (crossreferences) between webpages. This paper presents an XML extension that describes relationships between XML documents and shows how this extension can be used to capture business rules.
Galileo at Jupiter — meetings with remarkable moons

The four large moons of Jupiter — Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto — form the most coherently organized planetary system known. Over the past two years, the Galileo spacecraft has deepened our knowledge of how these worlds are interconnected, and illuminated the uniqueness of each. Gravity data are beginning to reveal the moons' internal structure, and a new conundrum is emerging: how did outermost Callisto stay cool enough to remain an undifferentiated mixture of ice and rock? The four large moons of Jupiter form the most coherently organized planetary system known. Over the past two years, the Galileo spacecraft has illuminated both the interconnections between these worlds and the uniqueness of each, challenging theories of moon formation and evolution.
Sexual Risk‐Taking Mediates the Association between Impulsivity and Acquisition of Sexually Transmitted Infections among Hazardously Drinking Incarcerated Women

Background: A growing literature has identified associations between impulsivity and negative behaviors such as sexual risk-taking among high-risk and/or vulnerable populations, but few studies have linked impulsivity to biological outcomes of sexual risk-taking. The main purpose of this study was to document associations among impulsivity, sexual risk-taking, and biological measures of sexually transmitted infection (STI+) in a sample of hazardously drinking incarcerated women. Methods: Two hundred forty-five hazardously drinking incarcerated women self-reported alcohol consumption and consequences, impulsivity, and sexual behavior. Results: Biological testing revealed a 22.9% prevalence rate for STI+. In this sample, sexual risk-taking fully mediated the association between impulsivity and likelihood of STI+. In addition, individuals reporting sexual activity with multiple partners were significantly more likely to test STI+ than those reporting sexual activity with a primary partner. Conclusion: These results support previous research on impulsivity by demonstrating that impulsivity leads to STI+ through risky behavioral choices. These findings also extend prior work by documenting this association using biologically confirmed measures in a vulnerable female population that carries multiple risk factors and thus warrants increased research attention. (Am J Addict 2012;21:S63–S71)
Scn1b deletion leads to increased tetrodotoxin‐sensitive sodium current, altered intracellular calcium homeostasis and arrhythmias in murine hearts

Na + current (INa) is determined not only by the properties of the pore-forming voltage-gated Na + channel (VGSC) α subunit, but also by the integrated function of a molecular aggregate (the VGSC complex) that includes the VGSC β subunit family. Mutations or rare variantsinScn1b(encodingthe β1andβ1Bsubunits)havebeenassociatedwithvariousinherited arrhythmogenic syndromes, including cases of Brugada syndrome and sudden unexpected death in patients with epilepsy. Here, we have used Scn1b null mouse models to understand better the relation between Scn1b expression, and cardiac electrical function. Using a combination of macropatch and scanning ion conductance microscopy we show that loss of Scn1b in juvenile null animals resulted in increased tetrodotoxin-sensitive INa but only in the cell midsection, even beforefullT-tubuleformation;thelatteroccurredconcurrentwithincreasedmessageabundance for the neuronal Scn3a mRNA, suggesting increased abundance of tetrodotoxin-sensitive NaV1.3 protein and yet its exclusion from the region of the intercalated disc. Ventricular myocytes from cardiac-specific adult Scn1b null animals showed increased Scn3a message, prolonged action potential repolarization, presence of delayed after-depolarizations and triggered beats, delayed Ca 2+ transients and frequent spontaneous Ca 2+ release events and at the whole heart level, increased susceptibility to polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias. Most alterations in Ca 2+
CSEL: a language for expert systems for diagnosis

We present CSRL(Conceptual Structures Representation Language) as a language to facilitate the development of expert diagnosis systems basedon a paradigm of "cooperating diagnostic specialists." MDX, the medical diagnosis system that has been developed in our laboratory over the past few years is based on this paradigm. In our approach, diagnostic reasoning is one of several generic tasks, each of which calls for a particular organizational and problem solving structure. A diagnostic structure is composed of a collection of specialists, each of which corresponds to a node or "concept" in a diagnostic hierarchy, e.g., a classification of diseases. A top-down strategy called establish-refine is used in which either a specialist establishes and then refines itself, or the specialist rejects itself, pruning the hierarchy that it heads. CSRL is a language for representing the concepts of a diagnostic hierarchy and for implementing the establish-refine process. The body of a concept specifies how it will respond to different messages from its superconcept. The knowledge to establish or reject a concept is factored into knowledge groups, which correspond to specific decisions in the diagnosis. We also introduce the concept of a family of languages in which different languages for diagnosis are designed for different kinds of end users.
Contextual insights into home energy relationships

Home energy management systems have become more widely available due to the continued emphasis on environmental consciousness, the increased implementations of smart grids/smart meters, and the desire to have more control over one's home. A key challenge in designing effective home energy management systems is understanding the underlying causes that impact home energy consumption. To address this challenge, in this paper, we present results from an interview-based study of 22 households in Baltimore City, Maryland, across a wide range of income groups, occupant types (age, number of home occupants, and occupation), and house types (rentals and user-owned). Using a semi-structured interviewing process, we present several insights regarding home energy consumption that impact the usage and effectiveness of current and future systems. As an example, we find that non-human occupants, such as pets, significantly influence home energy consumption. Additionally, household dynamics and hierarchy, as well as routine behavior and individual habits, produce significant decision making challenges for an energy management system. Finally, problems with home insulation and appliance age are seen as fiscally insurmountable, suggesting that newer, cheaper, and readily available retrofit solutions would be beneficial.
International environmental performance measurement in the electronics industry

The electronics industry is under increasing pressure to reduce its environmental impact. Assemblers demand that component manufacturers document their environmental performance. Performance measures are needed to sort out good from bad environmental performance and practices. We present an approach to characterize the environmental burdens associated with materials, products and processes based on material use and environmental discharge data from manufacturing facilities. Each chemical is weighted by its toxicity, a first order approximation to the health burden on the population. We illustrate this method with a time trend analysis for the electronics industry, using data from the US Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) and the Census of Manufacturers. We find that the sector's environmental emissions are showing a downward trend. Comparable data availability in other countries (e.g., Canada and the Netherlands) are discussed. We examine the possibility of international environmental performance measurement and benchmarking using discharge data from different countries. The limitations of the approach are mentioned. Our indices provide information to electronics firms in making decisions about environmental control investments and plant performance. They facilitate internal and external benchmarking and allow for better environmental information about the industry.
Quantitative approaches in remote experiment design

The paper presents the Keppel method allowing investigators to interact with design and analysis of new remote experiments using quantitative criteria. In fact it is a presentation of analysis of variance procedures to appreciate the knowledge contained in one remote laboratory work and if this content will determine treatment effects in learner behavior.
Design for Healthy Communities: The Potential of Form-Based Codes to Create Walkable Urban Streets

Form-Based codes are promoted, although not proven, as a means to create walkable streets because they regulate built features on the street. In this study an audit survey developed to measure the physical features of streets related to walkability was used to evaluate streets built from Form-Based codes. The survey considered the urban design qualities of imageability, complexity human scale, transparency, and enclosure. The street survey and an analysis of Form-Based codes revealed features regulated by codes created streets similar to historic walkable streets. Results also showed codes have the potential to create walkable streets if they regulate a high number of features, control the frequency of features and regulate features primarily linked to the urban design qualities of imageability, complexity, and human scale.
The contemporary American abortion controversy: stages in the argument.

This essay traces seven stages in the American controversy over abortion between 1960 and 1980. The argument moved from a professional debate to a public dispute marked first by narratives, then successively by the ideographs “life,” “discrimination,” and “choice,” and then to a normalization and stalemate in which the public consensus reflects values and interests from both sides of the conflict.
The structure of barium zinc aluminate glasses

Abstract An alternative structural model is proposed for glasses in the BaOZnOAl 2 O 3 system. The original discovers of the glasses assumed that the zinc atoms are three-coordinate, a condition which is at variance with known crystal structures. The assumptions that zinc is four-coordinate, oxygen can be three-coordinate, and aluminum can be four- or five-coordinate form the basis for a more realistic description of the glass structure.
Diagnostic approaches to bleeding disorders.

The evaluation of a patient with a possible bleeding disorder can be one of the most challenging referrals in hematology practice. In the absence of much evidence-based outcomes data, the practitioner’s experimental judgment will be called upon to formulate a working diagnosis and management plan in many instances. A logical and semi-standardized approach should include the application of a threepart screening process, each of which addresses a specific question, as follows:
EI Niño and the Anthropological Opportunity

El Nino differs in many ways from other global environmental concerns that have received attention from the social science community. On the time scale of a human life and intergenerational memory, impacts of such environmental phenomena as global warming, deforestation, large scale pollution, or the ozone hole may be indistinguishable from the natural variability of the seasons. Understanding and anticipating sociopolitical reactions to such long term environmental changes can only be done through studying analogous events, simulation models (e.g., economic models, crop production models), and thought experiments. The El Nino phenomenon, on the other hand, recurs on seasonal time scales and has the largest influence on global weather patterns after the seasonal cycle. The oceanic and atmospheric conditions that lead to an event are intensely monitored, its physical mechanisms are relatively well-understood, and its onset is predictable. It has a start and finish and its societal impacts can be studied in...
Dual Diversity Space-Time Coding for Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service in MIMO Systems

Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) is a bandwidth efficient broadcast scheme for multimedia communications. To support prioritized transmissions, the unequal error protection (UEP) for multi-resolution multimedia sources can be realized through MBMS. Nevertheless, the enhancement on the transmission fidelity in base layer typically sacrifices the fidelity of enhancement layers. Herein, a novel dual diversity space-time coding (DDSTC) is proposed to exploit the intrinsic UEP capability of space-time codes by utilizing a constellation mapping duo for two consecutive transmission periods in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. As compared with Alamouti coding, the DDSTC achieves coding gains on the transmission error rates of base layer without significant degradations on the enhancement layers. At the transmission rates of base and enhancement layers equal to 2 bits per transmission, the DDSTC obtains 1.3 dB and 3.0 dB coding gains for base layer in 2 × 2 and 2 × 3 MIMO systems respectively. Besides, analytical analysis on symbol error probabilities verifies that 6 dB asymptotic coding gain is reachable in rich transmit diversity scenarios. While attaining the considerable improvements on error rates, the DDSTC avoids the high decoding complexity by adopting our proposed decoding schemes. Simulation results show that DDSTC outperforms conventional UEP schemes based on hierarchical modulations or power allocations.
Activity of Acetylcholinesterase on the Endolymphatic Surface of Outer Hair Cells

By means of the Karnovsky's modification of Koelle's thiocholine method for acetylcholinesterase (AChE), it has been demonstrated electronmicro-scopically that AChE is located on the endolymphatic surface of outer hair cells and not on the supporting cells in the organ of Corti of the guinea pig cochlea. The tissue from the middle part of the basal turn was used in all experiments. The identification of AChE was confirmed by use of appropriate concentration of selective inhibitors of cholines-terase. From the inhibitory effect of fixatives on AChE activity, it was obvious that the activity on the surface of outer hair cells was lower than the activity on the large nerve endings at the bottom of the hair cells.
Separation of acylcarnitines from biological samples using high-performance liquid chromatography.

Abstract A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography technique to separate carnitine and acylcarnitines from a biological matrix is described. The method utilizes a step gradient to provide baseline resolution of acylcarnitines (individually or by class) for subsequent quantification using a sensitive radioenzymatic assay. The method requires minimal sample preparation and prevents any contamination among groups of acylcarnitines. This technique has been applied to liver tissues of rats obtained under a variety of conditions. These studies demonstrate the validity and utility of the HPLC method while confirming the applicability of the perchloric acid fractionation of acylcarnitines by functional class. The present HPLC method permits resolution of long-chain acylcarnitines in the presence of large excess concentrations of carnitine and short-chain acylcarnitines (coelution of unesterified carnitine with long-chain acylcarnitines ≤0.05%). Thus, the method will be of use in the study of acylcarnitines in biological systems over a broad spectrum of metabolic conditions.
Black holes and the stability of gravitation

The existence of black holes in general relativity provides an effective cutoff to the negative gravitational potential. This results in a fundamental upper limit on the amount of energy that can be radiated away by any isolated system.
Marine reserves: How effective as management strategies for Philippine, Indonesian and Malaysian coral reef environments?

Abstract This study evaluates the effectiveness of marine reserves as an approach to coral reef management in Southeast Asia and isolates the most effective management techniques. Seven reserve areas in the Philippines are compared with two similar management areas in Indonesia and two in Malaysia. Two control areas in the Philippines are also considered. Comparison of the areas includes the following: (1) documentation of the status of various reefs in the three countries, in terms of biology, management approaches, patterns of human use, and the larger environmental setting; (2) examination of the effect of various factors, including formal management schemes, human exploitation, and general setting, on the reef; and (3) a summary of those generalities found among sites in terms of environmental conditions, management and use by humans. Coral reef parameters are used to evaluate reef condition. These parameters include: substrate cover; density of coral genera, Acanihaster and Tridacna ; chaetodontid diversity; topographic relief; and noticeable damage. Sites are ranked in terms of reef quality and are compared as to remoteness, human exploitation, destructive uses and management types. Municipal and national management approaches are contrasted and the effect of local education, scientific and tourist interests are noted at each site. Those sites with active local participation in management show the greates potential for environmental maintenance and improvement. At other sites where some form of management exists, except one, the management shows a positive impact and a potential for sustainability. Control sites and those proposed for management without protection show some form of degradation.
The CMC of aqueous solutions of paraffin chain salts regarded as a function of the thickness of the ionic atmosphere

Abstract The concentration for the formation of micelles, CMC, for a straight—chain paraffin salt, with and without added electrolyte, is considered to be a function of the thickness of the ionic atmosphere. At a given thickness the paraffin chain ions reach the nearness of approach requisite for their coalescence to form micelles. The experimental results by Corrin and Harkins and by Klevens are used to show that the CMC is a closely linear function of the thickness of the ionic atmosphere. An explanation is proposed for the comparatively small influence of temperature on micelle formation under ordinary conditions.
Turbulent gaseous combustion part II: Theory and evaluation for local properties

Abstract A computer model has been developed for the analysis of confined, axisymmetric, turbulent diffusion flames. The fluid mechanics model includes the two-equation k - ϵ turbulence model for closure. The combustion model is based on reactions limited by mixing rate local chemical equilibrium. The mixture fraction is assumed to have a top-hap probability distribution, and transport equations are solved for the mean and variance of the mixture fraction. Local mean gas phase properties, including density and species concentration, are predicted. The coupled elliptical, nonlinear, partial differential equations are solved by an existing hybrid-differencing scheme. Predictions are made for reacting flow systems with recirculation, and are shown to be sensitive to grid size and inlet turbulence level. Results are compared with experimental data reported in Part I and with data from other laboratories. Reasonable agreement is observed between measurement and theory for species concentration in aft regions of the combustor, with H 2 and CO comparisons being the least acceptable.
The Concept and Need for a Phosphorus Assessment Tool

Nonpoint sources of P leaving the agricultural landscape can cause eutrophication of surface water and the associated growth of undesirable aquatic plants. USDA is developing an indexing procedure for identifying soils, landforms, and management practices that could have unfavorable impacts on water bodies because of P movement. This indexing procedure uses the characteristic of the field site, including soil erosion rates, runoff, available P soil test levels, and fertilizer and organic P application rates and methods to assess the degree of vulnerability of P movement from the site. A weighting procedure has been developed to include the various contributions each site characteristic may have. A summation of the products of the weighted site characteristic yields a site vulnerability rating [...]
Serotonin 5‐HT2 Receptors and Alcohol: Reward, Withdrawal and Discrimination

This article represents the proceedings of a symposium at the 2003 Research Society on Alcoholism meeting in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The organizer was Karl J. Buck, and the chairperson was Mark S. Brodie. The presentations were (1) The Multiple PDZ Domain Protein May Mediate Genetic Differences in Ethanol Withdrawal Severity Via Interaction With 5-HT2 Receptors, by Matthew T. Reilly and Kari J. Buck; (2) The Ionic Mechanism of Serotonin Potentiation of Ethanol Excitation of Ventral Tegmental Area Neurons, by Mark S. Brodie; and (3) 5-HT(2C) Receptor Agonists in the Discriminative Stimulus Effects of Ethanol, by Laura M. Rogers, Ken Szeliga, and Kathleen Grant. Language: en
Photoluminescence of nitrogen-doped zinc selenide epilayers

Photoluminescence (PL) studies of nitrogen doped ZnSe epilayers grown by molecular beam epitaxy have been performed as a function of excitation wavelength, power density, and temperature. The broad emission from heavily doped ZnSe:N is composed of two distinct bands which we label as NI and NII. The dominant band NI appears at 2.54 eV, while the NII band position is sensitive to excitation power and occurs between 2.55 and 2.61 eV. The NI emission energy is insensitive to incident power or temperature over the ranges studied. Further, a 69 meV localized phonon of the NI band is observed. We propose that the NI band is related to transitions within a (Vse+-Zn-Nse-)0 close-associate pair. The NII band displays characteristics consistent with the conventional donor acceptor pair model. A third band NIII at 2.65 eV is observed under high-power pulsed excitation. Previous studies of heavily doped ZnSe:N had suggested that the broad emission band was described by a modified donor-acceptor pair model. Our PL study does not support this previous model. In addition, our data suggests that singly ionized selenium vacancy complexes form in heavily doped ZnSe:N and play a role in compensation.
ANALOGICAL REASONING IN BASAL READING MATERIALS

The purpose of this study was to determine if analogical reasoning was included in basal reading materials as a component skill and if so, to examine the nature of that instruction. Three of the four basal series examined directly taught analogical reasoning. The nature and extent of the instructional recommendations in the three series varied widely. Two of the series provided ample practice, but little in the way of direct explanation. The fourth basal was the most complete, implementing the encoding, inferring, and applying steps of Steinberg's 1977 model. However, no series included all four steps, and in particular, not one included the mapping step. It appears that this mapping step may be the key basal series lack to successfully teaching analogies.
Chemoresistive Gas-Phase Nitric Oxide Sensing with Cobalt-Containing Conducting Metallopolymers

Herein, we report the development of a gas-phase NO detection system based on chemoresistive changes in cobalt-containing metallopolymer films. This material was prepared through rational design and synthesis and has proven to be a sensitive and selective solid-state sensor material for nitric oxides (i.e., NOx where x = 1 or 2).
The Conditional Effect of Peer Groups on the Relationship between Parental Labeling and Youth Delinquency

Peer attitudes toward delinquency and peer involvement in delinquency are hypothesized to modify the relationship between parental labeling, both actual and perceived, and youth delinquency involvement. The models were tested using data from the initial three waves of the National Youth Survey. As hypothesized, both actual and perceived parental labeling increase subsequent youth delinquency. Parental labeling has a stronger effect on youth delinquency when peer attitudes toward delinquency are more positive and when youths reported more friends engaging in delinquency. The conditional effects were observed for both actual parents' labeling and youth perception of parental labeling. Peer attitudes toward delinquency and peer participation in delinquency had independent interactive influences on the relationship between parental labeling and subsequent youth delinquency.
Two-component Pomeron and hadron total cross sections and real parts

The predictions from a five-parameter formula obtained from a two-component Pomeron model and fit to hadron-nucleon total cross sections from 2 to 200 GeV/c are in remarkable agreement with new CERN ISR data on total proton-proton cross sections and real parts up to an equivalent ${P}_{\mathrm{lab}}$ of 2000 GeV/c and with total-cross-section data from cosmic rays up to 40000 GeV/c. This oversimplified formula with a Regge term varying as ${s}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}}$ two Pomeron-like terms with slightly increasing and slightly decreasing power behavior, and dependence upon quantum numbers given by simple quark-counting rules is adequate to fit all available data and can be useful for analysis of future data. Predictions for the ratios of real to imaginary parts of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}p$, ${K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}p$, and ${p}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}p$ forward amplitudes are given.
Brane mapping under (−1)FL

Abstract We present the evidence that (−1)FL is a nonperturbative symmetry of Type II string theory. We argue that (−1)FL is a symmetry of string theory as much as the SL(2,Z) of the Type II string is and how the branes are mapped under the (−1)FL modding. NS branes are mapped into the NS branes with the same world volume dimensions but with the different chiral structure. Supersymmetric Dp-branes (bound with anti-Dp branes) are mapped to unstable nonsupersymmetric Dp-branes, which has D(p−1)-branes as kink solutions according to Horava [Type IIA D-branes, K Theory, And Matrix Theory, hep-th/9812135].
Urbanization, migration, and development

This paper looks at the effect of the new international division of labor on urbanization in developing countries. Previous histories, particularly of insertion into the world economy, affect responses to the new order. Also, previous phases in the organization of the world economy, particularly those associated with import-substitution industrialization, have shaped the urban systems and urban social organization of developing countries in particular ways. By comparing the tendencies of the import-substituting period with those of the new international division of labor, contrasts are brought out in the patterns of migration, the shape of the urban system, labor markets, and in urban social organization. The overall change is likely to be an increasing divergence, both within developing countries and between them, in their urban organization.
Challenging problems presenting as constipation

Patients who seek medical care for constipation present challenges which may involve communication problems, difficulties in diagnosis, lack of optimal therapy, uncorrectable underlying disorders, or psychiatric issues which complicated management. This review describes some of these challenges, and presents management approaches that may increase the likelihood of satisfactory treatment outcomes. Situations which are reviewed include the diagnostic evaluation of the new patient with constipation; syndromes of uncertain pathophysiology including irritable bowel syndrome, slow transit constipation, and pelvic floor dysfunction; constipation associated with neurologic disorders including spinal cord injury, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis; and psychiatric issues which complicate the management of constipation, including recognition of associated psychiatric diseases, unusual attitudes toward bowel function, eating disorders, and referral for psychiatric care.
Evaluation of molecular-scale roughness at liquid interfaces

Abstract In order to better interpret molecular orientation measurements at interfaces, a method based on thermal excitation of capillary waves is proposed to evaluate the roughness of liquid interfaces at molecular scales. The method is general enough to be applied at essentially any liquid interface in either the absence or presence of a surfactant. Based on calculations using the model, the water/air interface is quite smooth at molecular scales. However, cases are discussed in which the roughness of other liquid interfaces can be considerably greater.
Life history and host range of the leaf blotcher Eucosmophora schinusivora: a candidate for biological control of Schinus terebinthifolius in the USA

Abstract The host range of Eucosmophora schinusivora Davis and Wheeler (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) was studied to assess its suitability as a biological control agent of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae), a serious environmental and agricultural weed in the USA and elsewhere in the world. The life history of this insect species and its host range were determined in the laboratory with adult no-choice oviposition and larval development tests. This species has five instars, the first three are sap-feeding miners and the last two are tissue feeding. Total development time was 31.7 days. To examine specificity of this species, 10 plant species in Anacardiaceae were selected based on taxonomic relatedness to S. terebinthifolius, economic importance, and availability. In the laboratory, except for Anacardium occidentale and Cotinus obovatus, all of the tested species were accepted for oviposition with a marked preference for the weed S. terebinthifolius, Schinus molle, Rhus copallinum, Rhus sandw...
Intrinsic gravitational regularization of quantum fields

One implication of maximal proper acceleration is an intrinsic regularization of quantum fields which depends on the universal gravitational constant. It also follows that the vacuum energy density, seen by any one observer, is finite.
Salome in the Middle Ages

The chilling biblical story of Herodias’ young daughter (known elsewhere by the name of Salome) and her role in the execution of John the Baptist has fascinated interpreters down the ages. This article explores medieval exegetical traditions with regard to the girl and the remarkable way her story was construed as pointing both to the horrific consequences of lust and anger and to the meta-narrative of the rise of the church, figured in Salome, the hope of salvation.
Community Studies in the Baccalaureate Social Work Curriculum

This paper presents a method for baccalaureate social work students to learn about communities through intensive case studies. Examples of students' experiences studying contrasing communities in a midwestern metropolitan area are presented. Following these examples, suggstions are made for organizing and supervising community studies at the B.S.W. level. Integrating community studies into the curriculum offers several distinct advantages. First, students develop a broad understanding of the community and gain an appreciation for the rewards and challenges of community practice. Second, rather than understanding communities solely on the basis of "problems," students also identify community strengths. These strengths represent important resources for social work practice. Third, this approach encourages students to use social work skills learned in other courses, thus providing additional opportunities for professional development.
Histochemical distribution of alkaline and acid phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase in the brain of squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus)

The distribution of some phosphatases (alkaline and acid phosphatase and ATPase) have been studied on 15 μ thick fresh frozen serial sections in the various regions and nuclei of the squirrel monkey brain. The alkaline phosphatase activity is concentrated in the blood vessels and the peripheral part of the neurons of some nuclei (e.g., nucleus supraoptic hypothalami) and the lining cells of choroid plexus. Acid phosphatase (AC) is a cellular enzyme and is concentrated in the large neurons of nuclei basalis Meynert, diagonalis band of Broca, magnocellular hypothalamic nuclei, corpus mammillaris, large sized neurons of the thalamus (e.g., nuclei paracentralis, ventralis lateralis, ventralis posterior thalami, magnocellular part of corpus geniculatum laterale), motor neurons of cranial nerve nuclei, large neurons of the reticular formation, giant pyramidal cells of cerebral cortex and the Purkinje cells of cerebellar cortex. The AC activity does not show as much variation in the different areas of the brain as the oxidative enzymes, which may mean that AC is more related to static maintenance metabolism of cells than to dynamic functional metabolism. The ATPase activity is more pronounced in the neuropil and the blood vessels compared to the neurons. In the perikarya, ATPase is concentrated close to the cell membrane, which may be significant in molecular transport across the membrane as well as in impulse conduction and synaptic transmission. Significant ATPase activity has been observed in the nucleus caudatus and putamen, magnocellular hypothalamic nuclei, nuclei parataenialis, paraventricularis, paracentralis, ventralis anterior thalami, habenular complex and cranial nerve nuclei.
Void Nucleation in Passivated Interconnect Lines: Effects of Site Geometries, Interfaces, and Interface Flaws

Stress driven nucleation of voids in passivated aluminum interconnect lines is analyzed within the context of classical nucleation theory. A discussion of sources of tensile stress in such lines leads to an upper limit of 2 GPa. Calculations suggest that even at this high stress, nucleation rates are far too low to account for observed rates of voiding. Void formation at a circular defect at the line/passivation interface is then considered. In this case, a flaw on the order of nanometers in size may develop into a void under the imposed stress. These results strongly suggest that void nucleation in aluminum interconnect lines can be controlled by eliminating defects in the line/passivation interface.
Molecular identification of a retinal cell type that responds to upward motion

The retina contains complex circuits of neurons that extract salient information from visual inputs. Signals from photoreceptors are processed by retinal interneurons, integrated by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and sent to the brain by RGC axons. Distinct types of RGC respond to different visual features, such as increases or decreases in light intensity (ON and OFF cells, respectively), colour or moving objects1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Thus, RGCs comprise a set of parallel pathways from the eye to the brain. The identification of molecular markers for RGC subsets will facilitate attempts to correlate their structure with their function, assess their synaptic inputs and targets, and study their diversification. Here we show, by means of a transgenic marking method, that junctional adhesion molecule B (JAM-B) marks a previously unrecognized class of OFF RGCs in mice. These cells have asymmetric dendritic arbors aligned in a dorsal-to-ventral direction across the retina. Their receptive fields are also asymmetric and respond selectively to stimuli moving in a soma-to-dendrite direction; because the lens reverses the image of the world on the retina, these cells detect upward motion in the visual field. Thus, JAM-B identifies a unique population of RGCs in which structure corresponds remarkably to function.
ASSESSING MESSNER AND ROSENFELD'S INSTITUTIONAL ANOMIE THEORY: A PARTIAL TEST*

In Crime and the American Dream, Messner and Rosenfeld contend that culturally and structurally produced pressures to secure monetary rewards, coupled with weak controls from noneconomic social institutions, promote high levels of instrumental crime. Empirically, they suggest that the effects of economic conditions on profit-related crime depend on the strength of noneconomic institutions. This investigation evaluates this proposition with cross-sectional data for U.S. states. In brief; the nonlinear models show considerable, indirect support for Messner and Rosenfeld's institutional anomie theory, revealing that the effects of poverty on property crime depend on levels of structural indicators of the capacity of noneconomic institutions to ameliorate the criminogenic impact of economic deprivation. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Effects of sediment type on burrows of Callianassa californiensis Dana and C. gigas Dana

Abstract Two species of thalassinid ghost shrimp, Callianassa californiensis Dana and C. gigas Dana, co-occur at high densities in the sand and mud flats of Bahia de San Quintin, Baja California, Mexico. Polyester resin casts of burrows made in the field reveal a shallow, branched, and voluminous burrow morphology for C. gigas in mud sediments and a deep, less voluminous, and “Y”-shaped burrow for C. californiensis in sand sediments. Laboratory experiments were used to test the hypothesis that sediment type influences burrow size. Larger burrows were created in mud than in sand, and C. gigas created larger burrows than C. californiensis. In contrast to current models of thalassinid burrow morphology which attribute much of the variation in burrow morphology and size to differences in feeding modes, the morphological differences in burrows created by the two species may be responses to environmental factors related to sediment type, in addition to reflecting various feeding patterns.
Reduction of root-mean-square error in faceted space antennas

On obtient des solutions exactes pour les petites deflections laterales de membranes rectangulaires et triangulaires equilaterales soumises a une traction isotrope et des deflections paraboliques des bords. Ces solutions sont utilises pour minimiser l'erreur quadratique moyenne entre une facette de surface parabolique et une facette de membrane approchante. Les reductions d'erreurs sont de 55% environ pour un triangle equilaterale et de 25 a 93% pour des rectangles suivant le rapport d'aspect
Proportional Reduction of Prediction Error in Cross-Classified Random Effects Models

As an extension of hierarchical linear models (HLMs), cross-classified random effects models (CCREMs) are used for analyzing multilevel data that do not have strictly hierarchical structures. Proportional reduction in prediction error, a multilevel version of the R2 in ordinary multiple regression, measures the predictive ability of a model and is useful in model selection. However, such a measure is not yet available for CCREMs. Using a two-level random-intercept CCREM, the authors have investigated how the estimated variance components change when predictors are added and have extended the measures of proportional reduction in prediction error from HLMs to CCREMs. The extended measures are generally unbiased for both balanced and unbalanced designs. An example is provided to illustrate the computation and interpretation of these measures in CCREMs.
Biologically-equivalent dose and long-term survival time in radiation treatments.

Within the linear-quadratic model the biologically-effective dose (BED)—taken to represent treatments with an equal tumor control probability (TCP)—is commonly (and plausibly) calculated according to BED(D) = −log[S(D)]/α. We ask whether in the presence of cellular proliferation this claim is justified and examine, as a related question, the extent to which BED approximates an isoeffective dose (IED) defined, more sensibly, in terms of an equal long-term survival probability, rather than TCP. We derive, under the assumption that cellular birth and death rates are time homogeneous, exact equations for the isoeffective dose, IED. As well, we give a rigorous definition of effective long-term survival time, Teff. By using several sets of radiobiological parameters, we illustrate potential differences between BED and IED on the one hand and, on the other, between Teff calculated as suggested here or by an earlier recipe. In summary: (a) the equations currently in use for calculating the effective treatment time may underestimate the isoeffective dose and should be avoided. The same is the case for the tumor control probability (TCP), only more so; (b) for permanent implants BED may be a poor substitute for IED; (c) for a fractionated treatment schedule, interpreting the observed probability of cure in terms of a TCP formalism that refers to the end of the treatment (rather than Teff) may result in a miscalculation (underestimation) of the initial number of clonogens.
Association between district and state policies and US public elementary school competitive food and beverage environments.

Importance Given the importance of developing healthy eating patterns during early childhood, policies to improve the elementary school food and beverage environments are critical. Objective To examine the association between district and state policy and/or law requirements regarding competitive food and beverages and public elementary school availability of foods and beverages high in fats, sugars, and/or sodium. Design and Setting Multivariate, pooled, cross-sectional analysis of data gathered annually during elementary school years 2008-2009 through 2010-2011 in the United States. Participants Survey respondents at 1814 elementary schools (1485 unique) in 957 districts in 45 states (food analysis) and 1830 elementary schools (1497 unique) in 962 districts and 45 states (beverage analysis). Exposures Competitive food and beverage policy restrictions at the state and/or district levels. Main Outcome and Measure Competitive food and beverage availability. Results Sweets were 11.2 percentage points less likely to be available (32.3% vs 43.5%) when both the district and state limited sugar content, respectively. Regular-fat baked goods were less available when the state law, alone and in combination with district policy, limited fat content. Regular-fat ice cream was less available when any policy (district, state law, or both) limited competitive food fat content. Sugar-sweetened beverages were 9.5 percentage points less likely to be available when prohibited by district policy (3.6% vs 13.1%). Higher-fat milks (2% or whole milk) were less available when prohibited by district policy or state law, with either jurisdiction’s policy or law associated with an approximately 15 percentage point reduction in availability. Conclusions Both district and state policies and/or laws have the potential to reduce in-school availability of high-sugar, high-fat foods and beverages. Given the need to reduce empty calories in children’s diets, governmental policies at all levels may be an effective tool.
Management of Gallstone Pancreatitis

Gallstones are the most common cause of acute pancreatitis in the western world. Most patients with ABP suffer a mild attack and are expected to make a full recovery. They can be managed supportively and undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy with IOC during their initial hospitalization to prevent recurrence. If necessary, laparoscopic common bile duct exploration can be performed. Otherwise, postoperative ERCP can be performed to remove common bile duct stones. Patients with severe ABP require ICU admission, close clinical monitoring, and aggressive fluid resuscitation. There is a bimodal mortality in severe ABP with most late deaths caused by septic complications. Antibiotics should be used judiciously and are usually warranted only in the presence of infection or sepsis. ERCP, +/- ES, should be performed when signs of cholangitis are present. Early ERCP should be considered in patients with severe ABP who do not improve clinically. CT scanning should be performed to assess for necrosis or peripancreatic fluid collections. Patients with no fluid collections can undergo cholecystectomy once their clinical condition improves. Patients with peripancreatic fluid collections should be followed with serial CT scans. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy should be performed once resolution of the fluid collection is documented. If fluid collections do not resolve after 6 weeks, patients should undergo concurrent cholecystectomy and fluid drainage procedures. Sterile necrosis can be closely monitored and does not require necrosectomy unless the patient's clinical status deteriorates. Patients with infected necrosis should undergo necrosectomy when they are clinically stable. After recovery from an attack of severe ABP, patients require close follow-up because late complications are common. Currently, no single test can establish the diagnosis or predict the severity of ABP. A prompt diagnosis requires a high degree of suspicion and clinical acumen. Recognizing patients with severe pancreatitis is an important priority because it affects the type and timing of intervention. The management of these patients requires close clinical observation and a multidisciplinary approach between the surgeon, radiologist, gastroenterologist, and intensivist.
Anthocyanin pigments: comparison of extract stability.

Stabilities of a nthocyanins from Concord grapes, red cabbage, tradescantia and ajuga were studied. RP-HPLC analysis was used to characterize individual anthocyanins and spectrophotometric analysis for all pigments. Anthocyanins from tradescantia were much more stable than the other extracts. Such increased stability was attributed to its intrinsic nature
Sensory gain control (amplification) as a mechanism of selective attention: electrophysiological and neuroimaging evidence

Both physiological and behavioral studies have suggested that stimulus-driven neural activity in the sensory pathways can be modulated in amplitude during selective attention. Recordings of event-related brain potentials indicate that such sensory gain control or amplification processes play an important role in visual-spatial attention. Combined event-related brain potential and neuroimaging experiments provide strong evidence that attentional gain control operates at an early stage of visual processing in extrastriate cortical areas. These data support early selection theories of attention and provide a basis for distinguishing between separate mechanisms of attentional suppression (of unattended inputs) and attentional facilitation (of attended inputs).
The relationship between changes in condition and body composition in young Tilapia rendalli Boulenger

Good correlations exist between condition and the amount of fat, protein and water present in young Tilapia rendalli, but extreme care must be exercised when determining the nature of these relationships. The use of percentages when expressing the amounts of each component should be avoided because such analyses can lead to erroneous results. Similarly the often used fat-water relationship for predicting the fat content in fish should not be used as this also leads to erroneous results. The reasons for the poor relationships are discussed and methods for overcoming these problems are given.
Effect of a culture-based screening algorithm on tuberculosis incidence in immigrants and refugees bound for the United States: a population-based cross-sectional study.

Tuberculosis (TB) screening of immigrants and refugees bound for the United States has been based on a smear-based screening algorithm. This cross-sectional study evaluated the effect of a culture-...