cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toward a Phenomenological Aesthetic of Cinema

It was probably Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s essay, “Le Cinema et la Nouvelle Psychologie,” which started this train of thoughts some years ago. Although they have led through a good deal of reading and writing on phenomenology and film over the years, the point of departure is still Merleau-Ponty: Phenomenological or existential philosophy is largely an expression of surprise at... [the] inherence of the self in the world and in others, a description of this paradox and permeation, and an attempt to make us see the bond between subject and world, between subject and others, rather than to explain it as the classical philosophies did by resorting to absolute spirit. Well, the movies are peculiarly suited to make manifest the union of mind and body, mind and world, and the expression of one in the other. ... Contemporary philosophy consists not in stringing concepts together but in describing the mingling of consciousness with the world, its involvement in a body, and its coexistence with others; ... this is movie material par excellence. ... If philosophy is in harmony with the cinema, if thought and technical effort are heading in the same direction, it is because the philosopher and the moviemaker share a certain way of being, a certain view of the world which belongs to a generation. It offers us yet another chance to confirm that modes of thought correspond to technical methods and that, to use Goethe’s phrase, ‘What is inside is also outside.’1
Method of calculation of product yields in hydrocracking middle distillates

The hydrocracking of straight-run and secondary middle distillates (180–360°C) is aimed at obtaining naphthas (gasolines) and jet fuels. A procedure described in [1] can be used to characterize the complex reactions involved in hydrocracking the aromatic and naphthenic hydrocarbons in these distillates to form paraffins, as well as reactions of isomerization and hydrocracking of paraffins. In the absence of any data on the group composition of the feed, but with a known distillation range, the product yields in hydrocracking middle distillates (D) can be calculated.
Tumour necrosis factor α restores granulomas and induces parasite egg-laying in schistosome-infected SCID mice

Schistosomiasis (bilharzia) is a parasitic disease caused by several species of schistosome worms (blood flukes). The key pathogenic event in this disease is the formation of granulomas around schistosome eggs trapped in portal venules of the liver. Granulomas are a distinctive form of chronic inflammation characterized by localized aggregation of activated macrophages around an inciting stimulus. Each granuloma evolves to form a fibrous scar; in schistosomiasis, the result is widespread hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension. To identify the specific immune signal molecules necessary for granuloma formation, we studied schistosome infections in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, which have normal macrophages but lack functional B or T lymphocytes. Here we report that the immunoregulatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha is necessary and sufficient to reconstitute granuloma formation in schistosome-infected SCID mice. Moreover, we find that the parasitic worms require tumour necrosis factor alpha for egg-laying and for excretion of eggs from the host. The implication of this latter result is that the parasite has adapted so successfully to its host that it uses a host-derived immunoregulatory protein as a signal for replication and transmission.
Charge density wave depinning and switching in NbSe3

Abstract We have investigated the relation between charge density wave (CDW) depinning and switching in NbSe 3 . In the lower CDW state we observe that the critical electric field at which switching occurs is independent of temperature. We also observe that the differential resistance of the sample is independent of applied dc bias beyond the switching threshold, and corresponds to the high-field limit of the pure resistance. We interpret our results in terms of a temperature dependent CDW domain structure in the crystal.
The consequences of x-dosage deficiency in the germ line. Impaired development in vitro of preimplantation embryos from xo mice.

Abstract Two-cell embryos from XO and XX mice were cultured for 3–4 days. The stage of development reached by the embryos was scored at intervals, using as criteria the number of cells, the degree of compaction, and the presence or absence of a blastocoele. The results show that the embryos from XO mice cleave, compact, and form blastocoeles later than do the embryos from XX mice. Furthermore, many of the XO-derived embryos failed to form blastocysts and became grossly abnormal. It is suggested that this overall impaired development is a consequence of X-dosage deficiency in the maternal germ line through the production of eggs which are deficient in X-linked products. In addition to this overall developmental impairment, a few embryos died at the eight-cell stage. These may have been YO embryos. The breeding characteristics of XO mice, XX↔XY female mouse chimeras, and the sterility of XO (Turner's syndrome) women are discussed in the light of these observations.
A practical problem solving model for conflict resolution in the classroom

A seven-step model aimed at helping adults teach young children problem-solving skills in naturally-occurring conflict situations is presented. The role of the adult in this model is to serve as a mediator. A transcript of an actual mediated conflict is provided, as are the pitfalls to be avoided in implementing the model. Also presented are the results of a preliminary implementation of the model in early childhood classroom settings.
Measurements of nonlinear optical polarizabilities for some halogenated methanes: The role of bond-bond interactions

Second- and third-order nonlinear optical polarizabilities for a number of halogenated methane molecules---C${\mathrm{Cl}}_{4}$, CH${\mathrm{Cl}}_{3}$, C${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$, C${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$Cl, C${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$, C${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, and C${\mathrm{Cl}}_{3}$F---are derived from measurements of the temperature dependence of dc-electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation in the gas phase. Such data are now available for all twelve molecules: $C{X}_{n}{Y}_{4\ensuremath{-}n}$ with $X, Y=\mathrm{F},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{l},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{H}$. While the bond additivity approximation provides an excellent fit to the third-order polarizability data for this set of molecules, the fit for the second-order polarizabilities is poor. This poor fit can be understood on the basis of bond-bond interactions, and inclusion of an estimate of these contributions greatly improves the consistency of fit to the second-order polarizability data.
Shared, unique and redundant functions of three members of the class I myosins (Myoa, MyoB and MyoF) in motility and chemotaxis in Dictyostelium

Most cell types express two distinct forms of myosin I, amoeboid and short, distinguished by differences in their tail domains. Both types of myosin I have been implicated in the regulation of pseudopod formation in Dictyostelium discoideum. We examined three members of the myosin I family, one amoeboid, MyoB, and two short, MyoA and MyoB, for shared, unique and redundant functions in motility and chemotaxis. We used computer-assisted methods for reconstructing and motion analyzing cells, and experimental protocols for assessing the basic motile behavior of mutant cells in buffer and the responses of these cells to the individual spatial, temporal and concentration components of the natural wave of the chemoattractant cAMP. Analysis of both single and double mutants revealed that all three myosins play independent roles in suppressing lateral pseudopod formation in buffer and during chemotaxis. One, MyoB, also plays a unique role in priming cells to respond to the increasing temporal cAMP gradient in the front of a wave, while MyoF plays a unique role in maintaining the elongate, polarized shape of a cell in buffer, during chemotaxis in a spatial gradient of cAMP and in the front of a cAMP wave. Finally, MyoA and MyoF play redundant roles in the velocity response to the increasing temporal cAMP gradient in the front of a wave. These results, therefore, reveal an unexpected variety of shared, unique and redundant functions of the three class I myosins in motility and chemotaxis. Interestingly, the combined defects of the myosin I mutants are similar to those of a single mutant with constitutive PKA activity, suggesting that PKA plays a role in the regulation of all three class I myosins.
Gas-phase investigation of Pd(II)-alanine complexes with small native and derivatized peptides containing histidine.

We report here the generation of gas-phase complexes containing Pd(II), a ligand (deprotonated alanine, A−), and/or N-terminus derivatized peptides containing histidine as one of the amino acids. The species were produced by electrospray ionization, and their gas-phase reactions were investigated using ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry. Pd(II) forms a stable diaqua complex in the gas phase of the formula, [Pd(A−) (H2O)2]+, (where A− = deprotonated alanine) along with ternary complexes containing A− and peptide. The collision-induced dissociation (CID) patterns of the binary and ternary complexes were investigated, and the dissociation patterns for the ternary complexes suggest that: (a) the imidazole ring of the histidine side group may be the intrinsic binding site of the metal ion, and (b) the peptides fragment primarily by cleavage of the amide bond to the C-terminal side of the histidine residues. These observations are in accord with previous solution-state studies in which Pd(II) was shown to cause hydrolysis of an amide bond of a peptide at the same position. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uniqueness of geological correlations: An example from the Death Valley extended terrain

The northern Death Valley-Furnace Creek fault zone is a major northwest-trending fault system in the Death Valley region, but the magnitude of offset and its significance to extensional tectonism in the region are controversial. Stratigraphic data have provided first-order constraints on offset across the fault zone but offer limited resolution. Previous correlations of Mesozoic thrust faults across the fault zone have relied on regional stratigraphic trends to fingerprint structurally similar thrust plates. We show that a northeast-trending Mesozoic backfold within the predominantly east-directed fold and thrust belt was probably continuous from the southern Panamint Range, California, to the Belted Range, Nevada. The relative position of this antithetic structure allows uniquely compatible correlations of three Mesozoic structures between two range blocks across the northern Death Valley-Furnace Creek fault zone independent of stratigraphic arguments. The offset structures have geometric properties of size, vergence, order, and spacing that indicate a probability less than 10 -4 of the Mesozoic orogen identically repeating this structural suite in two unrelated places. Reconstruction of these correlative structures indicates 68 ± 4 km N48°W ± 6°W of apparent dextral offset between the Cottonwood and Funeral Mountains, in general agreement with previous estimates based on stratigraphic observations but of substantially higher precision. This reconstruction, and the restoration of a 30-km separation between the Funeral and Grapevine Mountains indicated by offset segments of the backfold, suggest a simple pre-extensional geometry for the Mesozoic orogen in the Death Valley region consistent with observations from unextended blocks and analogous to that of the Cordilleran orogen at the latitude of Calgary, Alberta.
The ethical attitudes of students as a function of age, sex and experience

In this paper, we explore whether the ethical positions of students are firmly entrenched when they enter college, or do they change due to maturity, experience to ethical discussions in coursework, work experience, or a combination of factors. This study compared the ethical attitudes of freshmen and junior accounting majors, and graduate MBA students when confronted with two ethical dilemmas. Undergraduates were found to be more justice oriented than their MBA counterparts, who were more utilitarian in their ethical approach. While males tended to be more utilitarian, they were also more tentative and neutral in their responses. Females expressed more definite ethical positions than males when assessing specific ethical behaviors. Prior exposure to ethics via coursework or employment did not significantly affect ethical attitudes.
Mechanism of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-P-dioxin (TCDD)-mediated decrease of the nuclear estrogen receptor in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells

Abstract Treatment of MCF-7 cells with 1 nM 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 1 nM [3H]17β-estradiol resulted in decreased radiolabeled nuclear estrogen receptor (ER) levels as determined by velocity sedimentation analysis. In parallel studies, nuclear extracts from TCDD-treated cells also exhibited decreased binding to a consensus 32P-genomic estrogen responsive element (ERE) as determined in a gel mobility shift assay. Time-course studies showed that the decreases in nuclear ER and ER-ERE binding in TCDD-treated cells were observed within 1 to 3 h after treatment, respectively, and persisted for up to 24 h. Cycloheximide (10 μM) did not affect the TCDD-mediated response, whereas l μM α-naphthoflavone, an aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor antagonist, partially blocked downregulation of nuclear ER binding by TCDD. TCDD did not significantly affect steady state ER mRNA levels as determined by Northern analysis or the rate of ER gene transcription in a nuclear run-on assay. These results suggest that the TCDD-mediated decrease in nuclear ER levels is an Ah receptor-mediated response which occurs at the translational or post-translational level.
Codes for unsupervised learning of source and binary channel probabilities

Codes are constructed for communicating an alphabet consisting of two letters over an unknown, stationary binary channel. The code words, their a priori probabilities, and channel parameters are unknown at the receiver. Consistent estimators for the code words and their a priori probabilities are constructed at the receiver.
Infaunal Assemblages on Constructed Intertidal Mudflats at Jonesport, Maine (USA)

Dredged materials have been used to construct two mudflats near Jonesport, Maine (USA). A flat at Sheep Island was constructed in 1989 and along with an adjacent reference area (REF) has been monitored for infaunal assemblage development and sediment texture since 1990. The second site, Beals Island, an example of a much older constructed flat (CF), has been monitored since 1991. Infaunal taxa richness, total numerical abundance, species composition, and diversity values were similar between the Sheep Island natural and constructed sites within two years of construction. At Beals Island, taxa richness and other diversity measures were similar between sites, however, abundance and total biomass values were lower at the constructed site. Although total biomass was also lower at the Sheep Island CF than its REF, biomass values at both constructed sites (Sheep Island and Beals Island) were within the range of values previously reported for natural flats.
The Clinical Utility of Visual-Evoked Potential Acuity Testing

We assessed the clinical utility of objectively measured acuity using visual-evoked potentials. The technique was first standardized in normal emmetropic subjects and then applied to uncorrected myopic subjects. We found that visual-evoked potential acuity could accurately indicate Snellen acuity in emmetropia and corrected myopia; however, the two measures were highly correlated only in those uncorrected myopic subjects with visual acuities of 20/100 or better. In subjects with poorer than 20/200 uncorrected visual acuity caused by myopia, estimates of visual-evoked potential acuity could not be obtained. The correlation between these two measures of visual acuity was also lower in patients with decreased Snellen acuity attributable to retinal or ocular disease. We found that patients with unexplainable claims of decreased visual acuity could be diagnosed as having functional visual loss based on objective visual-evoked potential acuities.
Post-Synthesis Modification of a Metal–Organic Framework To Form Metallosalen-Containing MOF Materials

A series of metallosalen-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been prepared by the post-synthesis modification of MnIIISO-MOF, a Mn3+(salen)-based MOF. Treatment of MnIIISO-MOF with H2O2 effects the removal of the Mn3+ ions from the salen struts, which can then be remetalated with a variety of metal precursors to form isostructural MSO-MOF materials. The presence of the new metallosalen struts in MSO-MOF was fully confirmed by ICP-OES, MALDI–TOF MS, PXRD, and TGA. Furthermore, the remetalated MnIISO-MOF material displays similar catalytic activity and porosity to the parent MOF.
Ester and amide functionalized alkylidyne triosmium clusters. rearrangement of acyl-coordinated alkylidene complexe

Abstract Treatment of H3Os3(CO)9(μ3-CBr) (1) with excess aluminum chloride in dichloromethane under an atmosphere of carbon monoxide, followed by quenching with methanol, provides H3Os3(CO)9(μ3CCO2Me) (2) (69%). Analogous reactions quenched with diethylamine or N-methylaniline give H3Os3(CO)9(μ3-CC(O)NEt2) (3) (44%) or H3Os3(CO)9(μ3-CC(O)NMePH) (4) (40%), respectively. The same products are obtained when [H3Os3(CO)9(CCO)+] (generated in situ by protonating H2Os3(CO)9(CCO)) is treated with excess methanol, diethylamine or N-methylaniline. Compund 2 is transesterified to the ethyl H3Os3(CO)9(μ3-CCO2Et) (5), either when dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid and quenched with ethanol or when heated in ethanol in the presence of a catalytic amount of sulfuric acid. Pyrolysis of the alkylidyne compounds 2 and 3 in hot toluene causes rearrangement to the alkylidene tautomers H2Os3(CO)9(μ2-CHC(O)OMe (6) or H2Os3(CO)9(μ3,η2-CHC(O)NEt2 (7) in high yield; the indicated structure for these compounds involves an alkylidene moiety spanning two osmium atoms with the acyl group bridging to the third osmium center. Under parallel conditions at 125°C, the rearrangement requires 5.5 h for the ester (2→6) but only 10 min for the amide (3→7). The significance of this rate difference in consideration of mechanisms for the alkylidyne to alkylidene rearrangement is discussed.
Organization and function of the mcrBC genes of Escherichia coli K‐12

Many natural DNA sequences are restricted in Escherichia coli K-12, not only by the classic Type I restriction system EcoK, but also by one of three modification-specific restriction systems found in K-12. The McrBC system is the best studied of these. We infer from the base composition of the mcrBC genes that they were imported from an evolutionarily distant source. The genes are located in a hypervariable cluster of restriction genes that may play a significant role in generation of species identity in enteric bacteria. Restriction activity requires the products of two genes for activity both in vivo and in vitro. The mcrB gene elaborates two protein products, only one of which is required for activity in vitro, but both of which contain a conserved amino acid sequence motif identified as a possible GTP-binding site. The mcrC gene product contains a leucine heptad repeat that could play a role in protein-protein interactions. McrBC activity in vivo and in vitro depends on the presence of modified cytosine in a specific sequence context; three different modifications are recognized. The in vitro activity of this novel multi-subunit restriction enzyme displays an absolute requirement for GTP as a cofactor.
Unanchored ubiquitin in virus uncoating

Misfolded proteins in eukaryotic cells can be modified with the small protein ubiquitin (Ub). The conjugation of a chain of Ub proteins [polyubiquitin (poly-Ub)] targets a substrate for destruction by complexes called proteasomes ( 1 ). But unanchored poly-Ub chains are emerging as key factors in multiple cellular responses, including innate antiviral pathways ( 2 , 3 ). Such free chains can also activate the aggresome pathway, another mechanism that degrades unwanted proteins when the proteasome system is overwhelmed or inhibited ( 4 ). On page 473 of this issue, Banerjee et al. ( 5 ) report that influenza virus engages the host cell's aggresome system by carrying unanchored poly-Ub chains. The strategy allows the virus to “uncoat” and replicate after its escape from the endosome during entry into the host cell.
Mesenchymal stem cells home to inflamed ocular surface and suppress allosensitization in corneal transplantation.

Purpose To investigate whether systemically injected syngeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can home to the transplanted cornea, suppress induction of alloimmunity, and promote allograft survival. Methods Mesenchymal stem cells were generated from bone marrow of wild-type BALB/c or GFP (green fluorescent protein)+ C57BL/6 mice, and 1×10(6) cells were intravenously injected to allografted recipients 3 hours after surgery. Mesenchymal stem cells homing to the cornea were examined at day 3 post transplantation by immunohistochemistry. MHC (major histocompatibility complex) II+CD11c+ cells were detected in the cornea and lymph nodes (LNs) 14 days post transplantation using flow cytometry. Cytokine expression of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) was determined using real-time PCR. ELISPOT assay was used to assess indirect and direct host T cell allosensitization, and graft survival was evaluated by slit-lamp biomicroscopy weekly up to 8 weeks. Results Intravenously injected GFP+ MSCs were found in abundance in the transplanted cornea, conjunctiva, and LNs, but not in the ungrafted (contralateral) tissue. The frequencies of mature MHC II+CD11c+ antigen-presenting cells (APCs) were substantially decreased in the corneas and draining LNs of MSC-injected allograft recipients compared to control recipients. Maturation and function of in vitro cultured BMDCs were decreased when cocultured with MSCs. Draining LNs of MSC-injected allograft recipients showed lower frequencies of IFNγ-secreting Th1 cells compared to the control group. Allograft survival rate was significantly higher in MSC-injected recipients compared to non-MSC-injected recipients. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that systemically administered MSCs specifically home to the inflamed ocular surface and promote allograft survival by inhibiting APC maturation and induction of alloreactive T cells.
Glyphosate-Tolerant Cotton: Genetic Characterization and Protein Expression

Genetically modified cotton lines have been developed that are tolerant to glyphosate, the active ingredient in the herbicide Roundup. The new lines were generated by Agrobacterium tumfaciens-mediated transfer of a gene encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase isolated from Agrobacterium sp. CP4 (CP4 EPSPS). Lines were screened via greenhouse spray tests and field evaluations to identify agronomically acceptable lines with a commercial level of tolerance to glyphosate. Two lines were characterized. Lines 1445 and 1698 were transformed with different vectors that encode for the CP4 EPSPS and the neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) marker protein. Both lines contain a single DNA insertion that segregates in a typical Mendelian fashion. Line 1445 contains a single copy of the CP4 EPSPS gene, whereas the line 1698 contains two copies of the CP4 EPSPS gene at a single insertion site. The stability of each DNA insertion was demonstrated by Southern analysis across the R3 and R5 generations. The e...
Globin biosynthesis in sickle cell, Hb SC, and Hb C diseases†‡

The wide range of globin synthesis ratios reported in patients with sickle cell disease casts doubt on whether the presence of genes for alpha- or beta-thalassemia in combination with Hb S can be detected by globin synthesis studies. We have studied globin synthesis in 20 patients with Hb SS who had a mean betaA/alpha ratio of 1.05+/-0.04, similar to that of 28 control children. In nine of these patients the percentage of newly synthesized radioactive alpha-chains in dimer or monomer forms was 16.3%+/-1.3, also similar to the control subjects. The remainder of alpha-chain was in hemoglobin tetramer. In nine patients with Hb SC, the (non-alpha)/alpha ratio was 0.97+/-0.04, and the free alpha-chain pool radioactivity in four patients was 14.1%+/-4.2. In three patients with Hb CC, betac/alpha ratios were 0.99, 1.07, and 1.10. These results indicate that globin synthesis ratios and alpha-chain radioactivity in the free alpha-chain pool of peripheral blood of patients with Hb SS, Hb SC, and Hb CC have narrow ranges, close to those of nonthalassemic controls. The data provide a basis for detecting syndromes with Hb S or Hb C associated with alpha- or beta-thalassemia. This precise differentiation is important for clinical studies of severity in sickle cell disease and for genetic counseling.
Assay of insulin antibodies produced by the guinea-pig.

THE antigenic properties of insulin are now well recognized, but no simple method has yet been described for the routine detection and assay of insulin antibodies. The method described here is based on the classical observation by Berson, Yalow, Bauman, Rothschild and Newerly1. They showed that during chromato-electrophoresis on filter paper, 131I-labelled insulin bound by insulin antibodies in human serum moves with the β-γ-globulins, while free insulin remains fixed at the point of application of the serum-insulin mixture on the filter paper. When an excess of unlabelled insulin mixed with a trace of labelled hormone is added to the anti-insulin serum, the excess insulin is adsorbed from solution by cellulose and the amount bound by the antibodies is measured in the supernatant solution. We have used this assay system for serum obtained from guinea-pigs treated with bovine insulin2 and capable of neutralizing insulin at rates ranging from 0.1 to 3.5 units per ml. serum. It can, however, be adapted for the detection and assay of antibody concentrations lower than this; it has not yet been used for anti-insulin sera of other animals or of man.
Activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by hepatic S-9 from a marine fish.

This paper reports initial efforts to characterize the in vitro metabolism of several weakly carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic (in mammals) PAH's by hepatic S-9 preparations from the oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau) to Salmonella mutagens. The objective was to identify PAH's, if any, which were substantially more mutagenic with fish than with mammalian S-9. However, the results of these studies supported their previous experience and that of others that the mutagenicities of metabolism-dependent genotoxic chemicals are similar with fish and mammalian activation systems.
Stimulus functions of drugs and the assessment of abuse liability

The development of a unifying framework for conceptualizing the commonalities in various forms of substance abuse must encompass the data base focused upon the stimulus functions of drugs. In the first instance, for example, the research on drug self-administration has provided convincing evidence of a remarkable concordance between laboratory animals and human substance abusers in the reinforcing stimulus functions of a range of chemical agents. The recognition of these cross-species and cross-drug generalities has radically changed conceptualizations of substance abuse from a reactive to a more active process and has encouraged the kind of functional analysis of drug-seeking and drug-taking that has proven productive and useful in the study of other behavioral interactions. In this regard as well, recent refinements in the analysis of the discriminative stimulus functions of drugs have provided a more comprehensive basis for characterizing a chemical agent's spectrum of action and evaluating its abuse liability. While the correlation between the discriminative stimulus functions and the reinforcing stimulus functions is remarkably high for some drug classes, there are notable exceptions. Finally, the assessment of abuse liability requires an analysis of the eliciting stimulus functions of drugs as reflected by the physiological and behavioral changes, both acute and chronic, that follow drug administration. The methods used to evaluate both physiological dependence and behavioral toxicity in relationship to sensory and motor effects for a range of abused drugs have depended heavily upon an assessment of the eliciting stimulus functions of such compounds.
Maternal marijuana use during lactation and infant development at one year

Prenatal marijuana exposure is associated with adverse perinatal effects. Very little is known about the effect of postnatal marijuana exposure on infant development. Postnatal exposure can result from maternal use of marijuana during lactation. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) transfers and concentrates in the mother's milk and is absorbed and metabolized by the nursing infant. The present study investigated the relationship between infant exposure to marijuana via the mother's milk and infant motor and mental development at one year of age. One hundred and thirty-six breast-fed infants were assessed at one year of age for motor and mental development. Sixty-eight infants were exposed to marijuana via the mother's milk. An additional 68 infants were matched to the marijuana-exposed infants on pre- and postpartum maternal alcohol and tobacco use. Marijuana exposure via the mother's milk during the first month postpartum appeared to be associated with a decrease in infant motor development at one year of age.
Cross-resistance analysis for clinafloxacin compared with ciprofloxacin, fleroxacin, ofloxacin, and sparfloxacin using a predictor panel of ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria

Clinafloxacin was significantly more active against fluoroquinolone-resistant organisms than ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin and fleroxacin. Clinafloxacin inhibited 65% of isolates at the recommended breakpoint (< or = 1 mg/L) compared with only 30.0% for ciprofloxacin, 31.7% for ofloxacin, 32% for fleroxacin, and 37.7% for sparfloxacin at their recommended breakpoints. No strain susceptible to ciprofloxacin was resistant to the other compounds tested.
Project Development in Support of National Energy Strategies

The nature of the technical assistance needed by the energy-importing developing countries to bring energy sector projects up to the implementation stage is discussed. Such projects may be delayed or poorly implemented because the energy-importing developing country lacks the proper infrastructure or the technical/managerial skills to carry them out. Planning helps to identify the resources, financial, technical and managerial, that need to be brought to bear as well as the benefits that can be achieved.
Integrating parallel programming techniques into traditional computer science curricula

With the introduction of the Sony PlayStation 3 and its use of multi-core processors, parallel computing has left the research arena and the domain of gaming programmers and joined the mainstream of popular computing. Unfortunately, most undergraduate computing disciplines typically do not have the facilities or a comparative basis to help decide which hardware or software models to use to best integrate parallelism into modern curricula. This article enumerates various software models and programming options, to assist in integrating parallel software design techniques into the traditional software development training.
The "we are stardust" installation

"We Are Stardust"" is a digital media interactive installation consisting of two large projected visualizations and a ceiling mounted full rotational FLIR systems infrared imaging camera. Both projections in the installation map the sequence and locations of sky observations by the Spitzer Space Telescope, an infrared temperature sensing instrument managed by the NASA Spitzer Science Center. The intent of the project is to visually map the schedule of scientific observations: What celestial bodies were looked at, when, for how long, and by whom. This document describes the installation and depicts the engineering work behind the design and construction of the experience.
Morainal bank progradation and sediment accumulation in Disenchantment Bay, Alaska: Response to advancing Hubbard Glacier

[1] Morainal banks are primary features at the margins of advancing and stable to quasi-stable temperate tidewater glaciers, yet their roles in glacier dynamics and terminus stability are poorly defined by submarine observations. Analysis of new and archival multibeam data and Landsat images of the advancing Hubbard Glacier, southeast Alaska, reveal that between 1978 and 2010 the ice face and morainal bank advanced together at an average rate of ∼34 m/yr, varying spatially and temporally between 14 and 80 m/yr. Morphological features including gullies and a boulder lag suggest cyclical deposition and gravitational erosion on the proximal slope of the morainal bank (15–18°), and possible ice pushing in an area without recent sedimentation. In contrast, the morainal bank of the nearby, quasi-stable (surging) Turner Glacier advanced steadily since 1978 by proximal sedimentation on the steep fjord wall below its hanging valley. Sedimentation in the deep (>220 m) basin of Disenchantment Bay increased from 0.88 m/yr spanning 1978 to 1999, to 1.22 m/yr thereafter. This change appears to be a combined response to glacier advance and sediment dispersal farther down-fjord, and to an increase in sediment yield from other glacial and non-glacial sources. Analysis of Hubbard Glacier illustrates the direct correlation between movement of the terminus and morainal bank in advancing the grounding line of a marine-terminating glacier, and that morainal banks provide a fundamental stabilizing role for advance into a deep-water fjord, compensating for changes in water depth at the grounding line.
Sustainability concerns in the life cycle of bonded grinding tools

Abstract Manufacturing technologies need to become more sustainable, as do the tools used. Grinding is one of the most important finishing processes and grinding tools are complex products with a large variety of grit types, bond materials, and manufacturing routes. This study discusses the tool life stages from raw material production and tool manufacturing to tool use and end of life. The most important economic, environmental and social concerns are pointed out. This study highlights where more research and transparency in the supply chain is needed to achieve more sustainable grinding tools.
Scattering of Yukawa Particles by Protons

I HAVE computed the electrical interaction between the heavy electrons as introduced by Yukawa1 and recently discussed by Kemmer, Frohlich, Stueckelberg and others2, using the Dirac-Proca3 equations for particles of spin one. It was thought that such a calculation would furnish polarization effects analogous to, and yet, because of the different spin, different from the effect found by Mott4 for the scattering of electrons. The method used was the usual Born-Dirac calculus of perturbation.
Choosing a Place to Live: A Comparison of Information Sources

Recent college graduates weighing job opportunities, persons about to retire, and professional people considering relocation are among the library users who seek descriptions of American cities and towns. Information services librarian Mary Ellen Huls evaluates four books intended to aid in the city selection process.
Electron scattering sum rule for 12C-experiment and theory

Abstract Inelastic electron scattering cross sections for 12 C have been integrated to form the longitudinal and transverse sums as a function of momentum transfer. Comparison is made with sum rules calculated in the harmonic oscillator model. The various two-body correlation functions which enter the sum are evaluated for 4 He, 12 C and 16 O in the oscillator model.
On the Development of the Theory of the QBO

The events that led to the discovery of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of the equatorial stratosphere are described together with the development of current QBO theory. Three independent areas of inquiry led to this theory: (1) the observational and theoretical studies of equatorial waves, (2) the theoretical study of the behavior of mountain waves at critical levels where the mean flow speed went to zero, and (3) the semiempirical study of the momentum budget of the QBO. The efforts in each of these three areas are discussed.
Condition-Based Assessment of Damage Progression During Mechanical Shock in Electronic Assemblies

Electronic products may be subjected shock and vibration during shipping, normal usage and accidental drop. High-strain rate transient bending produced by such loads may result in failure of fine-pitch electronics. Current experimental techniques rely on electrical resistance for determination of failure. Significant advantage can be gained by prior knowledge of impending failure for applications where the consequences of system-failure may be catastrophic. This research effort focuses on an alternate approach to damage-quantification in electronic assemblies subjected to shock and vibration, without testing for electrical continuity. The proposed approach can be extended to monitor product-level damage. In this paper, statistical pattern recognition and leading indicators of shock-damage have been used to study the damage initiation and progression in shock and drop of electronic assemblies. Statistical pattern recognition is currently being employed in a variety of engineering and scientific disciplines such as biology, psychology, medicine, marketing, artificial intelligence, computer vision and remote sensing [Jain, et. al. 2000]. The application quantification of shock damage in electronic assemblies is new. Previously, free vibration of rectangular plates has been studied by various researchers [Leissa 1969, Young 1950, Gorman 1982, Gurgoze 1984, Wu 2003] for development of analytical closed-form models. In this paper, closed-form models have been developed for the eigen-frequencies and mode-shapes of electronic assemblies with various boundary conditions and component placement configurations. Model predictions have been validated with experimental data from modal analysis. Pristine configurations have been perturbed to quantify the degradation in confidence values with progression of damage. Sensitivity of leading indicators of shock-damage to subtle changes in boundary conditions, effective flexural rigidity, and transient strain response have been quantified. A damage index for Experimental Damage Monitoring has been developed using the failure indicators. The above damage monitoring approach is not based on electrical continuity and hence can be applied to any electronic assembly structure irrespective of the interconnections. The damage index developed provides parametric damage progression data, thus removing the limitation of current failure testing, where the damage progression can not be monitored. Hence the proposed method does not require the assumption that the failure occurs abruptly after some number of drops and can be extended to product level drops.© 2006 ASME
Complications of surgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations

Abstract The management of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is one of the most important challenges for neurosurgeons. In this article, the authors discuss the preoperative issues that may lead to complications and intraoperative and postoperative complications of AVM surgery, as well as how to avoid them.
Nicknames Increase Longevity

We investigated the effect of having a nickname on the longevity of major league baseball players. Ages of death, birth year, and career lengths of major league baseball players who debuted prior to 1950 were obtained and we compared longevities of players with nicknames with those who did not have a nickname. After controlling for these factors in analysis of covariance, there was a statistically significant increase in longevity of 2.5 years associated with having a nickname. Players with nicknames (N = 2,666; 38.1%) lived an average of 68.6 (±15.1 S.D.) years compared to players without nicknames (N = 4,329; 61.9%) who lived an average of 66.1 (±16.1) years. We attributed this nickname-related effect on longevity to enhanced self-esteem.
Percutaneous absorption of I,3‐bis (2‐chloroethyl)‐I‐nitrosourea (BCNU, carmustine) in mycosis fungoides

SUMMARY The total percutaneous absorption of I,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-i-nitrosourea (BCNU, carmustine) in 5 patients with mycosis fungoides, based on the 5 day urinary excretion of 14C-labelled BCNU, ranged from 5 to 28%. Absorption through diseased skin was greater than through uninvolved skin.
Interfacing the Apple II for the behavioral laboratory

An interface for the Apple II is presented that Is suitable for behavioral research. The interface contains 16 output lines capable of driving relays and 8 input lines. A description of the software necesary for initialization and interaction with the interface is provided.
Imitation in Japanese quail: The role of reinforcement of demonstrator responding

Imitative learning has been difficult to demonstrate in animals, partly because techniques have not adequately ruled out alternative accounts based on motivational and perceptual mechanisms (Zentall, 1996). Recently, it has been proposed that differences in the effects of observation of two very different responsetopographies would rule out such artifactual, alternative accounts (Akins & Zentall, 1996). In the present research, we confirmed that strong evidence for imitation can be found in Japanese quail, and that such imitation requires the imitator’s observation ofreinforced responding by the demonstrator. Thus, under the present conditions, it appears that an observer will imitate a demonstrated responseonly if it also observes the appetitive consequences of that response.
Hybrid analytical technique for the nonlinear analysis of curved beams

The application of a two-step hybrid technique to the geometrically nonlinear analysis of curved beams is used to demonstrate the potential of hybrid analytical techniques in nonlinear structural mechanics. The hybrid technique is based on successive use of the perturbation method and a classical direct variational procedure. The functions associated with the various-order terms in the perturbation expansion of the fundamental unknowns, and their sensitivity derivatives with respect to material and geometric parameters of the beam, are first obtained by using the perturbation method. These functions are selected as coordinate functions (or modes) and the classical direct variational technique is then used to compute their amplitudes. The potential of the proposed hybrid technique for nonlinear analysis of structures is discussed. The effectiveness of the hybrid technique is demonstrated by means of numerical examples. The symbolic computation system Mathematica is used in the present study. The tasks performed on Mathematica include: (1) generation of algebraic expressions for the perturbation functions of the different response quantities and their sensitivity derivatives: and (2) determination of the radius of convergence of the perturbation series.
Dynamic localization of a charged particle moving under the influence of an electric field.

The motion of a charged particle on a discrete lattice under the action of an electric field is studied with the help of explicit calculations of probability propagators and mean-square displacements. Exact results are presented for arbitrary time dependence of the electric field on a one-dimensional lattice. Existing results for the limiting cases of zero frequency and zero field are recovered. A new phenomenon involving the dynamic localization of the moving particle is shown to result in the case of a sinusoidally varying field: The particle is generally delocalized except for the cases when the ratio of the field magnitude and the field frequency is a root of the ordinary Bessel function of order 0. For these special cases it is found to be localized. This localization could be used, in principle, for inducing anisotropy in the transport properties of an ordinarily isotropic material.
The use of sand-beds for comparing relative stilling-basin performance

The erection of an engineering structure in a natural stream-channel usually introduces a problem in energy-dissipation, particularly in the case of high dams and steep flumes. The permanency of the structure, especially those located on loose, unstable soils, may depend entirely on how satisfactorily this energy can be dissipated. The economical design of a stilling-basin by mathematical means to adequately dissipate the energy below such a structure is very difficult if not impossible. Fortunately, many problems of this type can be solved by means of models, and this method has been used extensively in the development of designs for relatively large structures. When using models for the study of energy-dissipation it is desirable to maintain both geometric and dynamic similarity. However, since complete similarity depends on both the characteristics of the fluid and the material used for the stream-channel, it is not practicable to fulfill this requirement exactly.
(110) surface states of GaAs: Sensitivity of electronic structure to surface structure

The (110) surface states of GaAs for three models of surface relaxation are examined by the tight-binding method. Although these relaxations, obtained from analyses of low-energy-electron-diffraction data, involve similar atomic displacements, they give rise to noticeable differences in the relative positions of some surface states when these states are identified by their orbital symmetries. All three relaxations are found to completely remove all surface states from the band gap and to give rise to new surface states. Our calculations indicate the presence of five to six filled and four empty surface states. Results for energies, local densities of state, and the orbital characters of these states are given and compared to experimental data.
Ictal neocortical slowing in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Background: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) may affect brain regions outside the temporal lobe, causing impaired neocortical function during seizures. Methods: The authors selected 11 consecutive patients with mesial TLE and hippocampal sclerosis who underwent intracranial EEG monitoring and had no seizures during a follow-up period of at least 1 year after temporal lobe resection. Secondarily generalized seizures were excluded, and up to three seizures were analyzed per patient (31 seizures total). Electrode contacts were assigned to one of nine cortical regions based on MRI surface reconstructions. EEG during seizures was analyzed for specific patterns including low-voltage fast (LVF), rhythmic polyspike, spike-wave, irregular slowing, and postictal suppression. Results: Mesial and lateral temporal contacts on the side of seizure onset showed significant increases in ictal patterns such as LVF and polyspike activity, followed by postictal suppression. Bilateral frontal and ipsilateral parietal cortex exhibited large amplitude irregular slow waves during seizures. This frontoparietal slowing persisted into the postictal period. Perirolandic and occipital cortex were relatively spared. These EEG patterns were accompanied by bland staring, minor automatisms, and unresponsiveness or amnesia in the majority of patients studied. Conclusions: Prominent irregular slowing occurs in bilateral frontal and ipsilateral parietal association cortex during and after temporal lobe seizures. EEG slowing in the frontoparietal association cortex may signify physiologic impairment that contributes to widespread altered cerebral function during partial seizures.