cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seismic wave amplification by topographic features: A parametric study

Abstract Despite the ever increasing adoption of wave motion simulations for assessing seismic hazard, most assessment/simulations are still based on a flat surface earth model. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the effect of topographic irregularities on the ground motion and local site response by means of parametric investigations in the frequency-domain of typical two-dimensional features. To this end, we deploy best-practice tools for simulating seismic events in arbitrarily heterogeneous formations; these include: a forward wave simulator based on a hybrid formulation encompassing perfectly-matched-layers (PMLs); unstructured spectral elements for spatial discretization; and the Domain-Reduction-Method that permits placement of the seismic source within the computational domain, thus allowing consideration of realistic seismic scenarios. Of particular interest to this development is the study of the effects that various idealized topographic features have on the surface motion when compared against the response that is based on a flat-surface assumption. We report the results of parametric studies for various parameters, which show motion amplification that depends, as expected, on the relation between the topographic feature's characteristics and the dominant wavelength. More interestingly, we also report motion de-amplification patterns.
Structure of the transporter associated with antigen processing trapped by herpes simplex virus

The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter essential to cellular immunity against viral infection. Some persistent viruses have evolved strategies to inhibit TAP so that they may go undetected by the immune system. The herpes simplex virus for example evades immune surveillance by blocking peptide transport with a small viral protein ICP47. In this study, we determined the structure of human TAP bound to ICP47 by electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) to 4.0 A. The structure shows that ICP47 traps TAP in an inactive conformation distinct from the normal transport cycle. The specificity and potency of ICP47 inhibition result from contacts between the tip of the helical hairpin and the apex of the transmembrane cavity. This work provides a clear molecular description of immune evasion by a persistent virus. It also establishes the molecular structure of TAP to facilitate mechanistic studies of the antigen presentation process.
Informed Consent Prior to Malone Antegrade Continence Enema: Surgery for Fecal Incontinence

The ACE procedure for the management of recalcitrant constipation and fecal incontinence in children with neurogenic bowel has been highly successful with reported fecal continence rate of over 90 %. Complications occur but in experienced hands can usually be solved with conservative measures or minor surgical procedures. Informed consent is a crucial part of preoperative management. Thorough discussions of the procedure, expectations and the care for the ACE stoma cannot be overemphasized and a dedicated team member such as a nurse practitioner for such patients is a necessary asset. Even after years of noncompliance with the use of the ACE, clinical consequences are typically inconsequential and the ACE can be salvaged to help improve the patient’s quality of life.
Modeling of two-phase transport in proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells for hydrogen energy

Abstract Multiphase transport inside a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cell (PEMEC) plays an important role in its performance and design. Most PEMEC modeling studies so far have mainly focused on its electrochemical performance prediction and analysis, and fundamental understanding of the effect of multiphase transport on the cell performance is still lacking. In this study, a two-phase mathematical model is developed to investigate the transport properties inside liquid/gas diffusion layers (LGDLs) and to explore their effects on the PEMEC voltage and efficiency. Sudden changes in the PEMEC voltage and efficiency are captured for the first time as the current density reaches a limiting value, and the limiting current density is greatly impacted by the LGDL contact angle, porosity, and thickness. In addition, the liquid water distribution and cell performance in PEMECs with different important operating and physical parameters are examined and discussed in detail. Increasing the LGDL porosity or/and decreasing its surface contact angle will improve the PEMEC performance especially at the high current density. The thickness changes of the LGDL and membrane also have significant impacts on the cell voltage and efficiency. The model can effectively examine two-phase transport properties and provide useful information for design optimization of a PEMEC.
Do sleeping birds sing? Population coding and learning in the bird song system.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses on three related issues of population coding. The first nature of the code focuses on temporal coding, which is the information in the timing of individual spikes, such as how general is this phenomenon, how is this information represented within ensembles of neurons, and how is timing represented at the cell/synaptic level. The second is distributed representations on how is information represented in the spatiotemporal patterns of activities of neurons, and how broadly the neurons are tuned. The third is how interactions between separate areas of the brain combine to establish computational rules that describe the mechanisms of behavior. Birdsong learning and the analysis of the attendant avian song system are instructive for all the three questions.
Student Retention Pattern Prediction Employing Linguistic Features Extracted from Admission Application Essays

This paper investigates the use of linguistic features extracted from the application essays of students enrolled in a university academic program for their retention pattern prediction. Three sets of linguistic features are generated from text analysis: (1) latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) based topic modeling with a variety of topic numbers, (2) Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC), and (3) part-of-speech (POS) distribution. Various classification experiments are implemented to evaluate the prediction performance of student retention patterns from these three feature sets and their combinations. The results show that the POS distribution features yield the best prediction performance among these three, while neither the LDA features nor ensemble methods improves predictive performance, which is contrary to admission experts’ manual analysis methods in the conventional admission processes.
Community Care Alternatives for Older Adults

Older adults often have multiple chronic comorbidities and functional impairments, necessitating care models that address both medical and custodial care needs. The majority of older Americans prefer to avoid institutional care, creating a need for high-quality, cost-effective, community-based models of long-term care. Community-based care exists along a continuum ranging from care provided in the home to daytime-only care for individuals who continue to live in private homes to residential care options. Patients and their families can choose home-based care, adult day care, Programs of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE), independent living senior housing, assisted living, adult foster care, or continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs), depending on how much assistance they need. Medicare and private health insurance have a limited role in financing long-term care, so most of these options are paid either out of pocket or by Medicaid. There is limited high-quality evidence that any one model is superior to another or to nursing home care with regard to quality of care, patient outcomes, or cost. Choosing a setting of care is an opportunity for shared decision-making. Primary care providers who have an understanding of the available options in their communities can help patients and their caregivers choose the most appropriate setting for long-term care.
Laparoscopic Hiatal Hernia Repair with Falciform Ligament Buttress

Using synthetic mesh to buttress the crural repair during laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair may be associated with dysphagia and esophageal erosions, while a biologic mesh is expensive and does not decrease long-term recurrence rates. This study documents outcomes of laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repairs using the falciform ligament to reinforce the crural repair. This is a prospective study of laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repairs with a falciform ligament buttress. Preoperatively and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively, medications, radiologic studies, and symptom severity and frequency scores were recorded. Patients with a hiatal defect greater than 5 cm were included, while patients with recurrent hiatal hernia repairs or prior gastric surgery were excluded. Symptom scores were compared pre- and postoperatively with a p < 0.05 considered significant. One hundred four patients were included with a mean age of 62.4 years, and 57 patients underwent an upper gastrointestinal series at least 12 months from the initial operation with a mean follow-up of 20.6 months. The mean symptom severity score decreased from 14.32 ± 0.93 to 4.75 ± 0.97 (p < 0.001), mean symptom frequency score decreased from 14.99 ± 0.97 to 5.25 ± 0.99 (p < 0.001), and mean total symptom score decreased from 29.31 ± 1.88 to 10.00 ± 1.95 (p < 0.001). Five patients developed recurrent hiatal hernias on upper gastrointestinal series, but only three required operative intervention. Laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repair with a falciform ligament buttress is a viable option for a durable closure. Ongoing follow-up will continue to illuminate the value of this approach to decrease morbidity and recurrence rates for hiatal hernia repair.
The Power of Influence: Intensive Influence Skills at Work

(1997). The Power of Influence: Intensive Influence Skills at Work. Quality Management Journal: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 20-21.
The Influence of Nutrients on the Coastal Wetlands of the Mississippi Delta

Among the solutions being proposed for reversing wetland loss in the Mississippi River Delta are the creation of diversions to reintroduce suspended sediment carried in the river. In areas of rapid relative sea-level rise, as in the Mississippi Delta, it is generally accepted that a supply of sediment in flood water and mineral sedimentation are critical to sustaining wetlands. But plans to create diversions have raised questions about the collateral effects of nutrients carried in the Mississippi River, effects that may contravene the benefits of sediment. This review finds the balance of empirical and theoretical evidence supports that nutrients benefit above- and belowground plant production and that fresh water and sediment diversions can be effective and beneficial for restoring wetlands in the Delta, especially if designed to maximize sediment inputs. The input of sediment, nutrients, and fresh water will change the community composition of some wetlands and their biogeochemical processes. Most of the nitrogen input should be assimilated or denitrified. Labile organic matter is likely to degrade more quickly, but labile organic matter does not add ‘new’ soil volume and its speed of decay is of little consequence. Additional research is needed before we fully understand the consequences of nutrients on the preservation of organic matter in sediment, but building on what is known of the activities of lignin-degrading fungi and their enzymes, it is likely that refractory organic matter should increase and contribute positively to sediment accretion.
Cardiac-Somatic Uncoupling

In the last chapter I presented evidence that HR and somatomotor activity covary under several circumstances. Such HR changes are vagally mediated, suggesting that the mechanism involved in the HR-somatic covariation is the same as that involved in the HR changes associated with exercise.
Primary prevention ofsudden death using ICD therapy: incremental steps∗

Ever since its development by Dr. Michel Mirowski in the 1970s and its use in clinical practice in 1980, the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) has improved survival in patients presenting with sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Three recent randomized studies
Abstract 1825: PIK3CA E542K mutation in bladder cancer confers resistance to PI3K targeted therapy but synergy with BET inhibition

Background: We have previously reported that two bladder cancer PDX models that carry distinct PIK3CA helical domain (HD) mutations respond differently to dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor (LY3023414), where one model is sensitive (RP-B-02, PIK3CA E545K MUT) while the other is resistant (PIK3CA, E542K MUT) (Wei L et al Oncotarget 2016). Thus, we transduced these mutations in isogeneic cells to determine whether each mutation is indeed associated with a distinct oncogenic potential, as well as differential therapeutic response. Subsequently, we tested rational drug combinations capable of overriding resistance to PI3K targeted therapy (i.e. bromodomain inhibitor). Methods: Isogeneic HEK cells and urothelial cells (SV-HUC) were transduced with plasmids carrying either wild type (WT) or mutant PIK3CA (E545K and E542K mutants). Proliferation and growth were compared both in 2D and 3D culture respectively. We tested the therapeutic response to LY3023414 in 2D and 3D culture. Western blotting was used to test target modulation in the PI3K/mTOR pathway in response to treatment. JQ1 and LY3023414 combination studies were done in vitro. Calcusyn™ was used to determine whether synergy between the two agents exists in the context of either mutation. Results: PIK3CA E542K mutation has a growth advantage compared to the E545K mutation. This observation was more significant in 3D culture, which more faithfully represents the complexity of the tumor microenvironment. Isogeneic HEK cells expressing the E542K mutation were significantly more resistant to LY3023414 treatment both in 3D and 2D. This resonates with the resistance we initially reported in the bladder cancer PDX models carrying the E542K mutation. Interestingly, LY3023414+JQ1 combination was synergistic in the RP-B-01 (E542K MUT, but not in the RP-B-02 cell line (E545K MUT). Conclusion: PIK3CA mutation status is predictive of response to PI3K targeted therapy in bladder cancer, where PIK3CA E542K mutation confers resistance to PI3K targeted therapy. The synergistic combination of LY3023414 and the bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 can override resistance to PI3K targeted therapy. This drug combination may be of clinical significance in the context of PIK3CA E542K, but not E545K mutation. Citation Format: May Faek Elbanna, Nur Damayanti, Sreenivasulu Chintala, Roberto Pili. PIK3CA E542K mutation in bladder cancer confers resistance to PI3K targeted therapy but synergy with BET inhibition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1825.
Forecast Correction Using Organizational Debiasing in Corporate Cash Flow Revisioning

Corporations that employ information systems, such as decision support systems for judgmental forecasts, have business objectives that require accurate forecasts. But the accuracy of these forecasts is most likely biased by organizational and individual structures within the corporation. These biases, such as revenue targets or personal objectives, may alter the forecasters’ prediction due to financial incentives in a predefined way. This paper argues that model-driven correction of forecasts – which typically utilizes only statistical methods – should incorporate organizational debiasing methods. In a case of an international corporation, local experts forecast cash flows for corporate risk management. The forecasts are later aggregated on a corporate level with subsequent debiasing techniques for decision support. Empirical results show that considering organizational objectives for debiasing techniques can strongly improve forecast accuracy. The total correctable expert error is reduced by up to 60 % for all forecasts of a month, providing better decision support for managers.
Making Tarefero Pride: The Collaborative Construction of Portable Photomurals for Farmworker Empowerment in Misiones, Argentina

This article draws on years of multisited ethnographic fieldwork in Misiones, Argentina to recount the collaborative construction of portable photomurals for farmworker empowerment. The murals depi...
Expanding the Turn: Using Poetry to Prepare Students for a Post-Truth World

Studies continue to demonstrate that many people are dismayingly (and increasingly) unable to distinguish dubious from credible sources. This, coupled with the fact that a majority of Americans get their news from social media, reinforces the need for educators to help their students acquire a versatile set of literacy practices. This chapter proposes, first, that poetry is a beneficial site for developing and refining these practices, and, second, that analyzing poems through the lens of the poetic turn is a robust method for doing so. With reference to the critical work of John Crowe Ransom, Ellen Bryant Voigt, Michael Theune, and Randall Jarrell, this chapter calls for more instructional attention to be paid to structural elements of poems, as this attention will help students build confidence in analyzing poetry while attuning them to the linguistic and rhetorical subtleties necessary for sorting reliable information from streams of dubious data.
Leadership in parishes with Hispanic ministry: Realities and possibilities.

Catholic parishes in the United States have historically served as spaces that facilitate the integration of millions of immigrants into the larger U.S. society, usually by providing communal and l...
Healthcare utilisation and cost expenditures for pneumonia in individuals with diabetes mellitus in the USA

Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of hospitalisations among adults in the USA. Individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) have been associated with increased risk for pneumonia and complications including death. The objectives of this study were to (1) compare the prevalence and healthcare utilisation patterns for pneumonia in individuals with and without DM, and (2) identify risk factors for pneumonia in those with DM. We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of the US adult population using Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys (MEPS) data from 2014. Overall, the data represented 24 million individuals with DM and 218 million without DM in the USA. The population-based rate for a pneumonia event was 34 per 1000 persons for individuals with DM and 19 per 1000 persons without DM. Compared to the non-DM group, individuals with DM were treated 1.8x, 2.6x and 1.4x more in the ED, hospital and outpatient, respectively. Furthermore, the average cost per pneumonia event was significantly higher among individuals with DM compared to non-DM in the inpatient setting ($11 931 vs. $7751; P < 0.001). Among individuals with DM, female sex, DM complications, smokers and administration of pneumococcal vaccines were significant factors associated with a pneumonia event.
Event-Level Correlates of Drinking Events Characterized by Alcohol-Induced Blackouts.

Background Prior research identifies a range of potential predictors of blackouts and suggests that blackouts increase risk for additional negative consequences. However, these studies are based on epidemiological work that allows us to draw conclusions about groups of people but not within-person processes. The present study examined within-person, event-level correlates of blackouts. Methods Ninety-six heavy drinking college students (52% female) completed 28 days of daily reports of alcohol use and consequences, including blackouts. Thirty-three participants reported 56 blackouts. Hierarchical linear modeling compared morning reports of drinking events on which participants did versus did not report a blackout, controlling for total drinks at the event. Results Blackout likelihood increased as a function of total drinks consumed and of crossing thresholds for heavy episodic drinking (4+/5+ drinks for women/men) and high-intensity drinking (8+/10+). Participants reported a higher total number of additional negative consequences on blackout events. Specific consequences that were more likely included embarrassing oneself and hangover. Blackouts were associated with morning ratings of less positive mood and a less favorable drinking event. Motives for drinking and simultaneous use of marijuana were not associated with blackouts. Conclusions Event-level findings of this study document that events leading to alcohol-induced memory loss are associated with other adverse experiences relative to drinking events that do not result in blackout, and offer potentially motivational levers for preventive interventions.
High-throughput sequencing is revealing genetic associations with avian plumage color

Avian evolution has generated an impressive array of patterns and colors in the ∼10,000 bird species that exist on Earth. Recently, a number of exciting studies have utilized whole-genome sequencing to reveal new details on the genetics of avian plumage color. These findings provide compelling evidence for genes that underlie plumage variation across a wide variety of bird species (e.g., juncos, warblers, seedeaters, and estrildid finches). While much is known about large, body-wide color changes, these species exhibit discrete color differences across small plumage patches. Many genetic differences appear to be located in regulatory regions of genes rather than in protein-coding regions, suggesting gene expression is playing a large role in the control of these color patches. Taken together, these studies have the potential to broadly facilitate further research of sexual selection and evolution in these charismatic taxa.
N-Heterocyclic carbene-ended polymers as surface ligands of plasmonic metal nanoparticles

A facile methodology to prepare N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-terminated polymers as surface ligands to functionalize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is reported. Our method highlights a mild, aerobic synthesis of NHC-functionalized polymers and a simple ligand exchange approach towards surface modification of AuNPs prepared in aqueous solution. Two methods, including end-group functionalization of halogen-ended polymers from a conventional atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and post-polymerization functionalization of imidazole-containing polymers using imidazole-containing ATRP initiator, have been investigated to prepare imidazolium-ended polymers. Using a one-step, oxygen and moisture tolerant procedure, the polymer–NHC–Cu(I) species can be synthesized from imidazolium-ended polymers and readily bind to citrate-capped AuNPs likely through transmetalation, yielding robust polymer-stabilized AuNPs. Our synthetic method significantly simplifies the preparation and use of polymer–NHC ligands for surface functionalization of metal NPs. Our methodology is general and potentially applicable to any polymers prepared by ATRP to functionalize metal NPs via NHC–metal coordination; therefore, it will likely broaden the applications of polymer–NHC ligands for metal nanoparticles in the fields of catalysis and nanomedicine.
Preparing undergraduates for application to graduate school: Comments on Jones et al (2020)

I offer advice to prospective graduate students based upon my experience as both Director of Graduate Studies at the University of Rochester and Washington University, as well as my role as an unde...
A further study of some Markovian Bitcoin models from Göbel et al.

We consider two different continuous-time Markov chain models recently studied in Gobel et al.[8], which were created to model the interactions between a small pool of miners, and a larger collecti...
Echocardiographic assessment of ventricular function: Conventional and advanced technologies and their clinical applications

Abstract Echocardiogram is the first-line and most used noninvasive imaging diagnostic modality and is convenient and reliable in its assessment of ventricular function in pediatrics. Ventricular function is an important physiological parameter representing myocardial performance in response to overall hemodynamic status. Here, we introduce basic principles of conventional echocardiography and advanced echocardiographic technology, including tissue Doppler imaging, 3-dimensional echocardiogram, and speckled tracking echocardiography. Then, we overview clinical applications of these methods in assessing ventricular function in pediatrics, including single ventricle after staged surgical palliation, right ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension, and ventricular-ventricular interactions in various heart disease. With multimodality approaches, the advantages and limitations of echocardiographic assessment of ventricular function are discussed.
Micro-meteoroid and orbital debris radar from Goldstone radar observations

Abstract Micro-meteoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) refers to millions of micrometeoroids and orbital debris orbiting the Earth, which can come from remaining parts of spacecraft from previous missions. These debris objects keep colliding and creating new pieces of debris, with very different sizes ranging from millimeters to meters. About 99.3% of the debris objects have a size
Approximate Pattern Matching for On-Chip Interconnect Traffic Prediction

Emerging multi-chip module GPUs (MCM-GPUs) expend over 17% of the total power budget on chip interconnects and this fraction is expected to increase as chip size increases. Towards proactively managing the power consumption of these interconnects, we propose approximate pattern matching to predict future interconnect traffic from past observations. Compared to past prediction techniques such as Markov model (MM) and history table (HT), our proposed technique reduces average prediction error to 2.66% from 7.11% and 3.83% for MM and HT, respectively.
Detecting Microcracks in Photovoltaics Silicon Wafers using Varitional Autoencoder

Microcracks in silicon wafers significantly reduce the wafer fracture strength, reducing yield, and increasing $/W cost. In this study, we demonstrate a high-throughput prototype that relies on an edge-on illumination source of a near-infrared laser, and a high-framerate linescan camera to detect submillimeter cracks near the wafer edges. To fully achieve the automatic micro-crack detection, we use a variational autoencoder using the principle of unsupervised anomaly detection. We evaluate the different error metrics for crack detection. At the optimal selection of the error metric and threshold, our preliminary results demonstrate the detection precision of 0.83 and the detection recall of 0.72.
East Asia has delinked – can Ethiopia delink too?

The possible emergence of a developmental state in Ethiopia has renewed the debate among African activists, scholars and policymakers over how to explain the remarkable success of the ‘East Asian m...
Potentialities, problems and perspectives of ECG data processing.

The first attempts to automate medical data were made in electrocardiography and electroencephalography. Already in 1957 the U. S. Veterans Administration set up a research laboratory for developing Computer methods for the analysis of ECG signals. The first problems encountered were mainly of a technical nature with analog-to-digital data conversion representing the main stumbling block. It was only in 1958 that the first automated A-to-D Converter for ECG data became operational (1). As is well known, this conversion process represents the “sine qua non” for handling analog data by Computer. It was only four years later, in 1962, that Caceres and co-workers (2) from the U. S. Public Health Service reported on a similar device. In subsequent years a number of other investigators took an active interest in this field of research and a large number of Computer systems for ECG analysis have become available since.
Symposium to Celebrate Teaching and Learning at the University of the Pacific

This paper presents a faculty-driven teaching and learning symposium that showcased exemplar instructional methods at an institution, whose mission is to “to provide a superior, student-centered learning experience integrating liberal arts and professional education.” The symposium was a grass-roots effort that attracted seventy two faculty members from various disciplines to attend the four day symposium sessions to share, discuss, and learn about the best practices used by their colleagues. The overall evaluation and response to the symposium exceeded the expectations of the organizers. Enclosed is an overview of the program, four successful presentations, and reflections on the endeavor.
Slot‐Blot Analysis of 3‐Nitrotyrosine‐Modified Brain Proteins

3-Nitrotyrosine (3-NT) is used as a biomarker of nitrosative stress. The formation of 3-NT has been reported in a number of diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and cancer. The nitration of proteins is a reversible process, but it can induce a conformational change and thereby functional alterations of the affected protein. 3-NT measurements in biological samples are usually carried out by methodologies such as immunohistochemistry, high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and immunochemical detection. This chapter describes the immunochemical method for the determination of protein-bound 3-NT using slot-blot analysis.
Deep Neural Networks

In this chapter, we introduce deep neural networks (DNNs)—multilayer perceptrons with many hidden layers. DNNs play an important role in the modern speech recognition systems, and are the focus of the rest of the book. We depict the architecture of DNNs, describe the popular activation functions and training criteria, illustrate the famous backpropagation algorithm for learning DNN model parameters, and introduce practical tricks that make the training process robust.
"The Infamous Fitch": The Tory Bandit, James Fitzpatrick of Chester County

The "two audacious and profligate Tories" an anonymous writer complained about in the August 18, 1778, Pennsylvania Packet, were James Fitzpatrick and Mordecai Dougherty of Chester County. Fitzpatrick, also known as Fitz or Fitch, remains a legendary figure in Chester County, where he terrorized the countryside with his daring escapades during the British occupation of Philadelphia in 1777 1778.2 Little is known of Fitzpatrick's early history, and less of Doughertys. Fitzpatrick is believed to have been the son of an indigent Irish immigrant, who dis appeared before Fitz reached adulthood. His mother still lived in a small cottage on the Passmore farm in Doe Run in West Marlborough Township. Dougherty was Fitzpatrick's childhood friend, raised in Nathan Hayes's family near Doe Run. Fitzpatrick was indentured to John Passmore as a blacksmith, and grew up doing field work, as well as working in the smithy. Probably in his late twenties at the time of the Revolution, the tall, powerfully-built, athletic red-head cut a dashing figure3 James Fitzpatrick's home in Doe Run was largely settled by Scots-Irish Presbyterians, strong supporters of the Revolutionary movement, and the dominant force in the county militia. Not surprisingly, when Pennsylvania's militia began to organize formally in the summer of 1775, Fitzpatrick volunteered. In summer 1776, he marched with the "Flying Camp" of Pennsylvania militia, headed by fellow Chester Countian William Montgomery, to assist Washington's army in the unsuc cessful engagements on Long Island. Flogged for a minor infraction of military dis cipline, Fitzpatrick deserted, swimming across the Hudson River at night, thereby offering a good example of his superior strength and fitness. Fitz then made his way across New Jersey to Philadelphia. Plagued by desertions, the military authorities twice tried to force Fitzpatrick back into service. The first time, he was recognized in Philadelphia, and clapped into the Walnut Street jail until he promised to rejoin his militia unit. He agreed, but instead went home to Doe Run and back to work on Passmore s farm. The second
Regional Comparisons of Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Migration in the 1970s and 1980s: Age and Place Implications∗

Abstract Over the last thirty years, nonmetropolitan regions across the United States have experienced volatile population shifts ranging from rapid growth to persistent decline. Several authors have suggested that the age structure of the population may contribute to these population trends. In the 1970s, the older baby boomers were entering labor and housing markets, while the younger boomers were enrolling in nonmetropolitan colleges and universities. By the 1980s, this large cohort was aging into a different stage in the life course. This article examines metropolitan and nonmetropolitan population shifts during the 1970s and 1980s within an age-cohort framework. Using Public Use Microsample data from 1980 and 1990, the analysis explores relationships between housing market, labor market, place characteristics, and the migration flows of different age cohorts. The analysis focuses on cohort-specific in-migration to two regions: New England and the Four Corners states of Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and Ne...
Control of Gene Function in Bacteriophage T4 I. Ribonucleic Acid and Deoxyribonucleic Acid Metabolism in T4rII-Infected Lambda-Lysogenic Hosts

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis in T4rII-infected, lambda-lysogenic strains of Escherichia coli proceeds with one-half the rate of T4 wild-infected bacteria and stops 16 min after infection at 37 C. The rates of ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis, however, are the same with T4rII and T4 wild. The turnover of pulse-labeled RNA is slow in K strains (half-lives 10 to 20 min) as compared with B strains (half-lives 2.5 to 6 min). Lambda-lysogeny increases the apparent messenger (m) RNA half-lives in pulse-chase experiments. The shutoff of host RNA synthesis in T4rII infected K(lambda) is incomplete. Moreover, the preferential transcription of T4 DNA ceases 13 min after infection, and transcription of host and prophage lambda DNA is resumed. The T4 RNA synthesized in rII-infected K(lambda) contains no late T4 mRNA. The early portion of the T4 genome, however, is transcribed completely. The T4-induced early modification of bacterial RNA polymerase does occur. Resumption of host DNA transcription at 13 min after infection is not associated with a reversal of the above polymerase modification. It is concluded that in lambdalysogenic bacteria T4rII infections are abortive because RNA polymerase is prevented from transcribing late T4 genes.
Fibroblasts from long‐lived mutant mice exhibit increased autophagy and lower TOR activity after nutrient deprivation or oxidative stress

Previous work has shown that primary skin-derived fibroblasts from long-lived pituitary dwarf mutants resist the lethal effects of many forms of oxidative and non-oxidative stress. We hypothesized that increased autophagy may protect fibroblasts of Pit-1dw/dw (Snell dwarf) mice from multiple forms of stress. We found dwarf-derived fibroblasts had higher levels of autophagy, using LC3 and p62 as markers, in responses to amino acid deprivation, hydrogen peroxide, and paraquat. Fibroblasts from dwarf mice also showed diminished phosphorylation of mTOR, S6K and 4EBP1, consistent with the higher levels of autophagy in these cells after stress. Similar results were also observed in fibroblasts from mutant mice lacking growth hormone receptor (GHRKO mice) after amino acid withdrawal. Our results suggested that increased autophagy, regulated by TOR-dependent processes, may contribute to stress resistance in fibroblasts from long-lived mutant mice.
TO CATCH THE ECHO: RETHINKING ACTS OF WITNESSING TO THE SHOAH

In light of recent revelations about global ignorance and disbelief regarding the Holocaust, first-hand testimonies acquire fresh significance. Two disparate books frame this discussion of how writings by survivors serve to deepen our understanding of the Shoah. Otto Dov Kulka's memoir, Landscapes of the Metropolis of Death, is a carefully crafted account by a professional historian who survived as a child in Auschwitz. Thomas Trezise's work, Witnessing Witnessing, is an analytical inquiry into the literary and epistemic issues that frame different genres of testimony ranging from video to poetry. Kulka's slender account is situated in the context of other works by survivors, including Saul Friedlander's When Memory Comes, Charlotte Delbo's Auschwitz and After, and a more recent work by Joseph Polak, After the Holocaust the Bells Still Ring. The emphasis in this discussion is upon the challenges that survivors face in articulating horror, especially to readers in the twenty-first century. Trezise's more voluminous work is based upon the literary and philosophical theories of Adorno, Levinas, and Freud, among others. The question raised in this essay focuses upon which of these narrative strategies might work better to convey the complex meanings of the Shoah after the generation of survivors has departed from the historical scene. In the end, the halting words of those who went through the death camps is all we have to counter the ignorance and disbelief spreading around the world. Kulka's book, combining memories, dreams, and art works, fosters an imaginative encounter with inconceivable historical realities. Trezise's theoretical engagement with indexicality and with the phatic function of language helps us to understand the impact of testimonies within the scholarly literature. It does not, however, point a clear path toward conveying the importance of the Holocaust to the public at large. For this purpose, we need books such as Kulka's that enable the generation after the Holocaust to listen to silences embedded in survivor narratives. These silences must be carried forward in time, along with the ethical mandate not to forget the atrocities of the Shoah. If we can embrace this mission, we may be able to diminish the reign of hate running amuck today.
Large microstrip array antenna with hybrid feed network of standing and traveling waves

A novel design for large microstrip array antennas is presented. The design is based on combination of standing-wave and traveling-wave antennas. A standing-wave antenna provides a compact structure because it does not require quarter-wavelength transformers. However just with a standing-wave design, the array size has to remain relatively small. Thus the concept for traveling-wave antennas needs to be incorporated to produce a substantially large array antenna. As an example, an array of 512 elements was fabricated for the US DBS application and characterized. The operation frequency was set at about 12.5 GHz. A gain of 30 dBi was measured, which corresponds to an aperture efficiency of 50%.
Igα/Igβ Complexes Generate Signals for B Cell Development Independent of Selective Plasma Membrane Compartmentalization

Ligand-induced BCR association with detergent-resistant plasma membrane compartments (lipid rafts) has been argued to be essential for initiating and/or sustaining Igα/Igβ-dependent BCR signaling. Because a fraction of the BCR and an even larger fraction of the preBCR associates with lipid rafts in the apparent absence of ligand stimulation, it has been proposed that raft-associated receptor complexes mediate the ligand-independent basal signaling events observed in resting B lineage cells. However, there is no direct evidence that localization of Igα/Igβ-containing complexes to detergent-resistant membrane compartments is absolutely required for the signaling events that drive B cell development. To address these issues we have designed surrogate preBCR/Igα/Igβ complexes that are incapable of ligand-induced aggregation and that are preferentially targeted to either raft or nonraft compartments. An analysis of their ability to promote the preBCR-dependent proB→preB cell transition of murine B cell progenitors revealed that expression of these surrogate receptor complexes at levels that approximate that of the conventional preBCR can drive B cell development in a manner independent of both aggregation and lipid raft localization.
Potential influence diagrams

Abstract This study introduces potential influence diagrams, a generalization of standard influence diagrams in which each chance node is associated with an arbitrary nonnegative function (called a potential) instead of a conditional probability table. This generalization is motivated primarily by computational considerations; it allows us to remove chance nodes directly without reversing arcs. We use this transformation to develop a new reduction algorithm for computing optimal strategies. By avoiding arc reversals and the divisions associated with them, the proposed algorithm improves significantly the efficiency of reduction algorithms, and it brings them closer to competing algorithms based on other representations. In particular, the proposed algorithm is equivalent to Shenoy's fusion algorithm, equivalent in the sense that it performs the same numerical computations. We also show that it is equivalent to an instance of inward propagation in a rooted join tree, thus bridging the gap between reduction and join-tree algorithms. Finally, the proposed algorithm has the advantage of solving decision problems directly in their influence diagram representation—a representation that has been successful in structuring and assessing complex decision problems.
Auditory stimulation dishabituates anti-predator escape behavior in hermit crabs (Coenobita clypeatus).

a b s t r a c t Responses to innocuous stimuli often habituate with repeated stimulation, but the mechanisms involved in dishabituation are less well studied. Chan et al. (2010b) found that hermit crabs were quicker to perform an anti-predator withdrawal response in the presence of a short-duration white noise relative to a longer noise stimulus. In two experiments, we examined whether this effect could be explicable in terms of a non-associative learning process. We delivered repeated presentations of a simulated visual predator to hermit crabs, which initially caused the crabs to withdraw into their shells. After a number of trials, the visual stimulus lost the ability to elicit the withdrawal response. We then presented the crabs with an auditory stimulus prior to an additional presentation of the visual predator. In Experiment 1, the presentation of a 10-s, 89-dB SPL noise produced no significant dishabituation of the response. In Experiment 2 we increased the duration (50 s) and intensity (95 dB) of the noise, and found that the crabs recovered their withdrawal response to the visual predator. This finding illustrates dishabituation of an antipredator response and suggests two distinct processes—distraction and sensitization—are influenced by the same stimulus parameters, and interact to modulate the strength of the anti-predator response. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Integrating sustainability into business continuity planning

Recently, natural and human-enabled disasters have caused many high profile events that resulted in significant losses of life and property, and that have highlighted business vulnerabilities to environmental factors. In response, many organisations have implemented business continuity plans and adopted more sustainable business processes. Business continuity and sustainability have long and distinguished histories. In this paper, we discuss how using environmentally conscious business practices support business continuity planning. Sustainable business strategies are presented from the perspective of location and infrastructure, product design, and operational process design, and are related to the various phases of business continuity planning. We also introduce some generic strategies that are both sustainable and that facilitate business resilience.
It is not necessary to remove a jet stylet to determine tracheal tube location.

Abstract A jet stylet is a small internal diameter (ID), semirigid hollow catheter that is inserted into an in situ tracheal tube prior to extubation of a patient who may be difficult to reintubate. After the tracheal tube is withdrawn over the jet stylet, the hollow catheter can be used, for jet ventilation or as an intratracheal stylet for reintubation with a new tracheal tube. It was previously thought that after the new tracheal tube was inserted over the jet stylet, the stylet would have to be removed to allow connection of the new tube to the breathing circuit and confirmation of intratracheal placement of the tube. We describe a method for preserving the intratracheal location of the jet stylet while confirming intratracheal placement of the new tracheal tube.
High-resolution 1H- and 15N-NMR studies of Rhodospirillum rubrum cytochrome c2.

Rhodospirillum rubrum cytochrome c2 was uniformly enriched in 15N and studied by 1H- and 15N-NMR spectroscopy. Relaxation and NOE data allowed determination of the rotational correlation time and indicated more rapid side-chain motion in the native protein and increased segmental motion in the base-denatured protein. The π nitrogen of the ligand histidine and the indolic nitrogen of the invariant ryptophan both remain protonated and act as proton-donors in hydrogen bonds over a wide pH range and therefore do not contribute to pH-related changes in the midpoint potential. pK values identified by numerous methods in the ferrocytochrome at pH 6.9 and in the ferricytochrome at pH 6.2 arise from His-42. At pH values below the pK, the imidazolium group participates in a salt bridge or in a hydrogen bond with the carboxylate group of the inner propionate of the heme. Loss of the proton causes a local conformational change which alters the midpoint potential. The pK values of the amino terminus and lysines were also determined from pH titrations monitored by 15N-NMR. Similar titrations of the ferricytochrome monitored by 1H-NMR showed structural heterogeneity in that the resonance of heme ring methyl 8 split into a doublet as the pH was raised.
Damage energy functions in polyatomic materials

Abstract The polyatomic form of the integrodifferential equation for the damage energy of Lindhard et al. was numerically integrated using parameters appropriate for Al 2 O 3 , CaO, MgO, NbTi, Si 3 N 4 , UC, UO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , TaO, MgAl 2 O 4 and U x Zr 1√-x C. In each material the damage efficiency of the light atom in the polyatomic material is lower at low energies and higher at high energies than it is in a monatomic material of its self atoms, while the damage efficiency of the heavy atom in the polyatomic material is lower at all energies than it is in a monatomic material of self atoms. As expected, the alteration of damage efficiencies from self-atom values becomes greater as the ratio of heavy to light atom masses increases. These effects are understood by considering the way damage efficiency, electronic energy loss, and kinetic energy transfer cross section in a collision of two atoms depend on the relative charges and masses of the two atoms. Analytic fits of the Robinson type are given for most of the calculated polyatomic damage energies. The special case of monatomic materials is also treated. The results obtained for monatomic materials are about 6% lower than those of Lindhard et al. due to a difference in the low energy behavior of the scattering cross section used. A universal formula of the Robinson type is given for monatomic materials.