cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aerobic exercise intensity in breast cancer patients: a preliminary investigation.

Purpose: This study compared the heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and blood lactate (BL) responses to aerobic exercise between posttreated breast cancer patients and apparently healthy, age-matched controls. Methods: Seven patients and 7 control subjects underwent a submaximal treadmill test for the estimation of Vo2max. Exercise intensities of 40%, 60%, and 70% of Vo2max were calculated from the treadmill test and randomly examined between groups during three 9-minute exercise bouts on 3 different days. Independent samples t tests were used to examine the HR, RPE, and BL responses at each intensity between groups. Results: No significant differences were observed between the control and patient groups for HR, RPE, and BL at 40% (101 ± 9 vs 101 ± 11 bpm, P = .979; 8 ± 1 vs 9 ± 3, P = .237; and 1.11 ± 0.73 vs 1.26 ± 0.64 mmol/L, P = .188, respectively) and 60% (127 ± 17 vs 117 ± 13 bpm, P = .523; 12 ± 2 vs 11 ± 3, P = .267, and 3.83 ± 2.48 vs 2.23 ± 1.65 mmol/L, P = .237, respectively) of...
Intracellular signalling of initiation of DNA synthesis: Effect of cell‐free extracts from anti‐receptor‐stimulated B lymphocytes on spleen cell nuclei

To study the relatively late intracellular signals involved in the proliferative response of B lymphocytes to antibodies specific for surface membrane immunoglobulins, extracts from antibody activated cells were mixed with Xenopus laevis splenic nuclei, and the incorporation of thymidine 5'-triphosphate into DNA was assessed. The slight incorporation observed with either nuclei or extract alone was markedly enhanced upon mixing the two entities when the extract was derived from cells cultured with but not without anti-receptor antibody. The appearance of active extract correlated well with the culture requirements necessary for the induction of B lymphocyte proliferation and, as revealed by time course studies, the active component arises relatively late in the activation process. Moreover, the appearance of active extracts is independent of DNA synthesis but is dependent on protein synthesis as judged from studies with metabolic inhibitors. Appropriate homogenization of activated cells yielded nuclei and cytoplasm with 85% of the activity confined to nuclei. In addition, purified active extracts exhibited DNA binding although the active component was readily distinguishable from polymerase alpha by chromatographic techniques. It is tentatively concluded that the active component represents either some replication protein other than polymerase or some earlier signal necessary to induce the formation or utilization of replicating proteins.
Effec ts of fl y ash on the oxidation of mercury during post-combustion conditions

Mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants pose impact on human health. The emissions will be regulated in the near future. Mercury speciation in flue gas has an important effect on the efficiency of mercury emission control devices. This study focuses on the role of fly ash on the oxidation of Hg° in bench-scale simulated flue gas environment and in laboratory-scale coal combustion flue gas environment. The effects of flue gas matrices, temperature, fly ash mineralogy and morphology on the oxidation of Hg° are studied. Conclusions are drawn based on the testing results: • Mercury chemistry is very complex in flue gas. • The presence of fly ash is critical for heterogeneous Hg° oxidation. • The flue gas components, including NO2, HC1, NO and SO2, have strong effects on the potential of whole fly ashes to oxidize Hg°. • Fly ash specific surface area appears to have a determining effect on Hg° heterogeneous oxidation.
Responses of Jatropha curcas to Salt and Drought Stresses

Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to quantify growth responses of Jatropha curcas to a range of salt and drought stresses. Typical symptoms of salinity stress such as leaf edge yellowing were observed in all elevated salinity treatments and the degree of the foliar salt damage increased with the salinity of irrigation water. Total dry weight (DW) of Jatropha plants was reduced by 30%, 30%, and 50%, respectively, when irrigated with saline solutions at electrical conductivity of 3.0, 6.0, and 9.0 dS m − 1 compared to that in the control. Leaf Na + concentration was much higher than that observed in most glycophytes. Leaf Cl − concentrations were also high. In the drought stress experiment, plants were irrigated daily with nutrient solution at 100%, 70%, 50%, or 30% daily water use (DWU). Deficit irrigation reduced plant growth and leaf development. The DW of leaves, roots, and total were reduced in the 70%, 50%, and 30% DWU compared to the 100% DWU control treatment. In summary, salinity stress and deficit irrigation significantly reduced the growth and leaf development of greenhouse-grown Jatropha plants.
Reduction of CO2 by Pyridine Monoimine Molybdenum Carbonyl Complexes: Cooperative Metal-Ligand Binding of CO2.

[(^(Ar)PMI)Mo(CO)_4] complexes (PMI=pyridine monoimine; Ar=Ph, 2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl) were synthesized and their electrochemical properties were probed with cyclic voltammetry and infrared spectroelectrochemistry (IR-SEC). The complexes undergo a reduction at more positive potentials than the related [(bipyridine)Mo(CO)_4] complex, which is ligand based according to IR-SEC and DFT data. To probe the reaction product in more detail, stoichiometric chemical reduction and subsequent treatment with CO_2 resulted in the formation of a new product that is assigned as a ligand-bound carboxylate, [(^(iPr2Ph)PMI)Mo(CO)_3(CO_2)]^(2-), by NMR spectroscopic methods. The CO_2 adduct [(^(iPr2Ph)PMI)Mo(CO)_3(CO_2)]^(2-) could not be isolated and fully characterized. However, the C_C coupling between the CO_2 molecule and the PDI ligand was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic characterization of one of the decomposition products of [(^(iPr2Ph)PMI)Mo(CO)_3(CO_2)])^(2-).
Energy proportionality of an enterprise network

Energy efficiency is becoming increasingly important in the operation of networking infrastructure, especially in enterprise and data center networks. While strategies for lowering the energy consumption of network devices have been proposed, what is lacking is a comprehensive measurement study conducted across a large network (such as an enterprise), that monitors power usage as a function of traffic flowing through the network. We present a large power profile study that we conducted in an enterprise network, comprising of 90 live switches from various vendors. We first describe Urja, the system that we built, that collects required configurations from a wide variety of deployed switches and uses them to accurately predict the power consumed by individual devices and the network as a whole. Urja is vendor neutral, and relies on standard SNMP MIBs to gather the required configuration and traffic information. Further, based on available knobs in current devices, the analysis engine in Urja lists various configuration and rewiring changes that can be made to the devices in order to make the network more energy proportional. Urja has been deployed in an enterprise sub-network for about 4 months; through comprehensive analysis of the data collected over this period, we present various changes (in increasing order of cost and complexity) that network administrators can perform; in this segment of an enterprise network, we can save over 30% of the network energy through simple configuration and rewiring changes, and without any performance impact.
Joint Privacy and Reputation Assurance for VANETs

Privacy protection and reputation management, both indispensible to Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), impose conflicting requirements: privacy protection makes it challenging to maintain the reputation history of any node; reputation management requires real-time reputation manifestation at risk of easier vehicle tracking. Here, a novel Joint Privacy and Reputation Assurance (JPRA) scheme is proposed to solve these conflicting requirements. To make reputation aggregation secure and efficient in face of high node mobility and privacy protection, JPRA adopts a localized reputation management approach. A reputation relay procedure ensures that the complete reputation information of any node is always maintained by itself and its 1-hop neighbors in face of network topology changes. Neighbor-assisted reputation update, with partially blind signature, allows each node to securely update its reputation without harming its privacy in JPRA. Eventually, to make reputation manifestation privacy-preserving, a conditional reputation discretization algorithm is proposed to allow the honest nodes to manifest a common reputation value. Analysis and simulations show that JPRA efficiently and synergistically supports the coexistence of reputation schemes and privacy schemes in VANETs.
Vaccination with recombinant Brugia malayi cystatin proteins alters worm migration, homing and final niche selection following a subcutaneous challenge of Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) with B. malayi infective larvae.

Background Cysteine protease inhibitors of Brugia malayi have been ascribed to be involved in parasite development as well as to immunomodulate the host’s immune response. In Onchocerca volvulus, Onchocystatin has been shown to induce partial protection in the mouse diffusion chamber vaccination model. In the present study we investigated the impact of vaccination with recombinant Bm-CPI-1 and Bm-CPI-2 proteins on protection against a subcutaneous challenge of B. malayi third stage larvae in gerbils.
Novel soft-switching DC-DC converter with full ZVS-range and reduced filter requirement. I. Regulated-output applications

A novel soft-switching topology for DC-DC converters is proposed. It is well suited for applications in the range of a few hundred watts to a few kilowatts. It is essentially a hybrid combination of an uncontrolled half-bridge section and a phase-shift controlled full-bridge section, realized with just four switches. The main features of the proposed topology are zero-voltage-switching down to no-load without serious conduction loss penalty, constant frequency operation and, near-ideal filter waveforms. The improved filter waveforms result in significant savings in the input and output filter requirement, resulting in high power-density. The new topology requires two transformers and two DC-bypass capacitors. The combined VA rating of the two transformers is more than that of the single transformer of conventional full-bridge converters, for variable-input applications. In Part I of the paper, the converter operation is analyzed for typical switch-mode power supply applications, where the input voltage varies widely but the output voltage is fixed and is well regulated. Experimental results obtained from a 100 W/200 kHz proof-of-concept prototype confirm the superior features of the proposed hybrid configuration.
In pursuit of meaningful use of learning goals in residency: A qualitative study of pediatric residents

PurposeMedical education aims to equip physicians for lifelong learning, an objective supported by the conceptual framework of self-regulated learning (SRL). Learning goals have been used to develop SRL skills in learners across the medical education continuum. This study’s purpose was to elicit res
Economic Inequality and Global Justice

This paper considers whether economic inequality apart from poverty is unjust. I argue that economic inequality is not unjust in itself, but that if it allows the rich to dominate politically and create unfair economic conditions, then it is unjust. The solution within democratic capitalist countries is to control the influence of wealth on the political system. The paper then considers how that solution works in the global case. Because there is no international democratic system, and because the determinants of global inequality are more domestic than international, the solution does not apply as neatly. However, a case can be made for demanding more democracy in member nations and controlling the influence of wealthy nations in the World Trade Organization.
Access Control for Multi-tenancy in Cloud-Based Health Information Systems

Cloud technology can be used to support costeffective, scalable, and well-managed healthcare information systems. However, cloud computing, particularly multitenancy, introduces privacy and security issues related to personal health information (PHI). In this paper, we designed ontological models for healthcare workflow and multi-tenancy, and then applied HIPAA requirements on the models to generate HIPAA-compliant access control policies. We used Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) to represent access control policies as rules, and we verified the rules with an OWL-DL reasoner. Additionally, we implemented HIPAA security rules through access control policies in a cloud-based simulated healthcare environment. More specifically, we investigated access control policy specification and enforcement for cloud based healthcare information systems using an open source cloud platform, OpenStack. The results manifest HIPAA compliance through authorization policies that are capable of addressing vulnerabilities of multi-tenancy.
Hurricanes, Oil Spills, and Discrimination, Oh My: The Story of the Mississippi Cottage

Immediately following Hurricane Katrina, the Mississippi Governor’s Commission for Recovery, Rebuilding, and Renewal collaborated with the Congress for the New Urbanism to generate rebuilding proposals for the Mississippi Gulf Coast. One of the ideas generated from this partnership was the Katrina Cottage - a small home that could improve upon the FEMA Trailer. The State of Mississippi participated in the resulting Alternative Housing Pilot Program, which was funded by the U.S. Congress. Five years after Katrina, this study examines how local governments have responded to the Mississippi Cottage Program. The study poses two research questions centered around the barriers residents face when they try to place Mississippi Cottages on their properties. What are the regulatory barriers local governments have put in place to limit the siting of Mississippi Cottages? Are the strategies that local governments are using a violation of state and federal laws, including the Fair Housing Act? This study finds that while the Mississippi Cottage program provided citizens with needed housing following Hurricane Katrina, there are significant policy and implementation challenges to providing post-disaster housing.
La risa del fantasma: humor y memoria en El lápiz del carpintero de Manuel Rivas

This essay explores the role of laughter and humour in the processes of memory that Spain underwent in the socio-political and cultural realms starting in the mid-1990s. More specifically, I propose Manuel Rivas’s El lapiz del carpintero (1998) as a textual locus that challenges the presumed contradictions between the solemnity of mourning and the sardonic presence of the ghost/spectre. Whereas the majority of critics have emphasized the moral and ethical implications of the instances of haunting that take place in Spanish fiction in general, and in Rivas’s novel in particular, it is no less important to stress the subversive power of the comical implicit in the haunting of the narrator’s conscience by the ghost of one of his victims. While acknowledging the grave magnitude of the endeavour undertaken by the memory novel, this paper argues that bringing back the spectres of the past stresses the ambiguous relationship that modernity has established with both laughter and memory.
Reconstructing and Interpreting the Technologies of Ancient Ceramics.

The application of modern methods and strategies of materials science has allowed study of the technology of ancient ceramics to enter a new era. Ceramics include refractories, plasters and cements, some pigments, glasses, pottery, porcelain, bricks, tiles and enamels. Some of the questions necessary to understand and interpret ancient ceramics are given below.
Molecular characterization of an adenoviral vector resulting from both homologous and nonhomologous recombination.

Recombinant adenoviral vectors are being used extensively for gene transfer. During the construction of an E1-deleted virus expressing the human B7-1 gene, an aberrant recombinant (Ad.ihB7-1) arose with an unusual 5′ sequence. Characterization and sequencing of Ad.ihB7-1 showed that its structure was the result of both homologous and nonhomologous events. The most striking features of the construct were the incorporation of bacterial genomic DNA, an additional inverted terminal repeat, and portions of E1a. The appearance of this construct has implications for vector design and indicates the need for careful analysis and characterization of recombinant adenoviral vectors for clinical use.
Why Delighted Customers Are Not Loyal?Moderating Role of Involvement Context and Switching Costs

It has gained consistent finding that the real way of increasing customer loyalty is not only to increase customer satisfaction but also to enhance delight.This paper explored the moderating role of involvement context and switching cost on the relationship between customer delight and loyalty depending on a survey of department store and hairdressing service.The research based on the regression analysis method finds that the involvement context and switching costs significantly moderated the relationship between customer delight and loyalty.Additionally,involvement context had significant interactions with switching costs on the relationship between delight and loyalty.This research clearly explains the path between customer delight and loyalty,which can provide a new way of strengthening customer loyalty.
On the Use of"Pleasant Teaching"in History Class

Pleasant Teaching" in history class can stimulate student's interests in study. The students will learn history knowledge actively and willingly. In our teaching, we carefully design the introductions, make historical facts into stories and combine history with reality. In this way,we make primary explorations on the concrete applications of "Pleasant Teaching"Method.
Study on related factors influencing nutritional statuses of students by 4 297 pupils in Jinzhou City

Objective: To understand nutritional and health statuses of pupils in Jinzhou city,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the proposed effective public health guidance. Methods: By using random cluster sampling method,4297 students among grade3 ~ 6 from 3 elementary schools in Guta district were selected,and their height and weight were monitored to calculated BMI values.Then,nutritional statuses were evaluated. Results: Among the pupils of 7 ~ 13 years old,8. 7% ~ 20% were underweight,and the ratio of the girls was higher than that of the boys. 10. 56%- 24. 56% were overweight,and 6. 67%- 26. 32% were obese; the ratio of the boys was higher than that of the girls,and they all had an upward trend. Conclusions: For the Jinzhou pupils,malnutrition and overnutrition coexist; therefore,the community,schools and families should give common concern and intervention to these questions.
Acute cholecystitis with calculous biliary duct obstruction in the gravid patient: management by ERCP, papillotomy, stone extraction, and laparoscopic cholecystectomy

The pregnant patient with cholelithiasis is subject to the manifold complications associated with this disease. The management of a gravid patient with acute cholecystitis complicated by biliary duct obstruction utilizing combined endoscopic therapy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy is reported. The benefits to the patient and fetus when successful are apparent, but it is important to anticipate potential problems associated with laparoscopy in pregnancy and to avoid them. Various safeguards such as fetal monitoring, careful trocar placement, and intra-abdominal pressure monitoring have been suggested and should be appropriately utilized to enable a satisfactory outcome. Case reports such as this may further clarify the interdependent role of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and ERCP and their application to the pregnant patient.
Queering Participatory Design Research

ABSTRACTThis article offers a way forward for educators and researchers interested in drawing on the principles of queer theory to inform participatory design. In this article, I aim to achieve two related goals: To introduce new concepts within a critical conceptual practice of questioning and challenging the heterosexual matrix and to recommend principles for participatory design that support this critical practice. I aim to present an argument that queer theory supports investigation of a range of educational issues—particularly those that are linked to sexual and gendered norms and identities—and that participatory design research is particularly well suited to queered approaches to theorizing, designing, and investigating learning. I then offer principles for queering participatory design, drawing on data collected during a recent design study completed in an elementary classroom. Finally, I discuss the implications of a queered approach to participatory design.
Determination of musk ambrette in fragrance products by capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection : interlaboratory study

A gas chromatographic method that uses an internal standard additions techniques is described for the determination of musck ambrette (MA) in fragrance products. A solution containing the product and a known amount of an internal standard, musk tibetene (MT), is injected directly into a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. The chromatographic separation of the components on a wide-bore fused silica capillary column is recorded and a response constant is calculated from MA and MT peak heights. A similar response constant is also calculated for a standard solution containing known concentrations of MA and MT. The MA content of the fragrance product is then calculated. Average recoveries of MA from fragrance products ranged from 97.6 to 102.3%. The method was also evaluated collaboratively by 6 laboratories. In this study, the reproducibility relative standard deviation for MA in 6 fragrance test samples ranged from 2.78 to 22.87%.
Testing multi-theory model (MTM) in predicting initiation and sustenance of physical activity behavior among college students.

Background: Most college students do not adequately participate in enough physical activity(PA) to attain health benefits. A theory-based approach is critical in developing effective interventions to promote PA. The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of the newly proposed multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change in predicting initiation and sustenance of PA among college students. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, a valid and reliable survey was administered in October 2015 electronically to students enrolled at a large Southern US University. The internal consistency Cronbach alphas of the sub-scales were acceptable (0.65-0.92). Only those who did not engage in more than 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity aerobic PA during the past week were included in this study. Results: Of the 495 respondents, 190 met the inclusion criteria of which 141 completed the survey. The majority of participants were females (72.3%) and Caucasians (70.9%). Findings of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed construct validity of sub-scales (initiation model: χ2 = 253.92 [df = 143], P < 0.001, CFI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.07, SRMR = 0.07; sustenance model: χ2= 19.40 [df = 22], P < 0.001, CFI = 1.00, RMSEA = 0.00, SRMR = 0.03). Multivariate regression analysis showed that 26% of the variance in the PA initiation was explained by advantages outweighing disadvantages, behavioral confidence, work status, and changes in physical environment. Additionally, 29.7% of the variance in PA sustenance was explained by emotional transformation, practice for change, and changes in social environment. Conclusion: Based on this study’s findings, MTM appears to be a robust theoretical framework for predicting PA behavior change. Future research directions and development of suitable intervention strategies are discussed.
PEGylated N-Heterocyclic Carbene Anchors Designed To Stabilize Gold Nanoparticles in Biologically Relevant Media

N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as versatile ligands for surface functionalization. Their ease of synthesis and ability to form strong bonds with a range of substrates provide a unique complement to traditional surface modification methods. Gold nanoparticles (NPs) are a particularly useful class of materials whose applications intimately depend on surface functionalization. Here we report the development of PEGylated-NHC ligands for Au-NP surfaces and the first example of NHC-functionalized NPs that are compatible with biologically relevant conditions. Our PEGylated-NHC-Au-NPs are stable toward aggregation in aqueous solutions in the pH range of 3–14, in <250 mM electrolyte solutions, at high and low temperatures (95 and −78 °C), in cell culture media, and in aqueous H2O2 solutions. This work demonstrates for the first time that NHCs can serve as anchors for water-soluble Au-NPs and opens the door to potential biomedical applications of NHC surface anchors.
Low-Loss 3-D Multilayer Transmission Lines and Interconnects Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing Technologies

This paper presents low-loss 3-D transmission lines and vertical interconnects fabricated by aerosol jet printing (AJP) which is an additive manufacturing technology. AJP stacks up multiple layers with minimum feature size as small as 20 $\mu \text{m}$ in the $xy$ -direction and 0.7 $\mu \text{m}$ in the z-direction. It also solves the problem of fabricating vias to realize the vertical transition by 3-D printing. The loss of the stripline is measured to be 0.53 dB/mm at 40 GHz. The vertical transition achieves a broadband bandwidth from 0.1 to 40 GHz. The results of this paper demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing 3-D printing for low-cost multilayer system-on-package RF/millimeter-wave front-ends.
A data-stream classification system for investigating terrorist threats

The role of cyber forensics in criminal investigations has greatly increased in recent years due to the wealth of data that is collected and available to investigators. Physical forensics has also experienced a data volume and fidelity revolution due to advances in methods for DNA and trace evidence analysis. Key to extracting insight is the ability to correlate across multi-modal data, which depends critically on identifying a touch-point connecting the separate data streams. Separate data sources may be connected because they refer to the same individual, entity or event. In this paper we present a data source classification system tailored to facilitate the investigation of potential terrorist activity. This taxonomy is structured to illuminate the defining characteristics of a particular terrorist effort and designed to guide reporting to decision makers that is complete, concise, and evidence-based. The classification system has been validated and empirically utilized in the forensic analysis of a simulated terrorist activity. Next-generation analysts can use this schema to label and correlate across existing data streams, assess which critical information may be missing from the data, and identify options for collecting additional data streams to fill information gaps.
Expanded Circulating Tumor Cells from a Patient with ALK-Positive Lung Cancer Present with EML4-ALK Rearrangement Along with Resistance Mutation and Enable Drug Sensitivity Testing: A Case Study

The emergence of liquid biopsy using circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as a resource to identify genomic alterations in cancer presents new opportunities for diagnosis, therapy, and surveillance. We identified EML4-ALK gene rearrangement in expanded CTCs from a patient with ALK-positive lung adenocarcinoma. At the time of radiographic progression, CTCs obtained from the patient revealed a drug resistance mutation (i.e., L1196M on the ALK gene). CTCs were expanded ex vivo and drug sensitivity testing was performed using two ALK inhibitors, crizotinib and ceritinib. The half maximal inhibitory concentration of ceritinib was 1664 nM compared with crizotinib (2268 nM), showing that ceritinib was a more potent ALK inhibitor. We show that it is feasible to detect serial genetic alterations in expanded CTCs and perform in vitro drug screening. These findings support the clinical utility of CTCs not only for diagnosis, but also a potential tool for drug sensitivity testing in distinct subsets of lung cancer and for personalized precision medicine.
Contemporary German MONGOs in Diani, Kenya: Two Approaches to Humanitarian Aid

Nina Berman describes the increase of charitable activities in Kenya in tandem with neo-liberal economic policies since the early 1990s. By using two specific case studies, Berman stresses the challenges deriving from long-term patterns of land alienation, the issue of local knowledge, the emergence of a culture of charity, and the disruption of local forms of community support by international charity. She argues that, in particular, the approach pursued by foreign-based MONGOS (MONGO stands for “my own nongovernmental organization”) may have negative effects on the recipients of aid in Kenya.
The Philosophical Background of Joseph Needham’s Work in Chemical Embryology

Throughout the 1930s, Joseph Needham (1900—) was the foremost champion of chemical embryology. During the period 1931–1942 he authored three large books, Chemical Embryology, A History of Embryology, and Biochemistry and Morphogenesis (1); a series of collaborative papers on “Physico-chemical experiments on the amphibian organizer” (2); and many annual reviews of this field for the Annual Review of Biochemistry.
Networks, Big Data, and Intermedia Agenda Setting: An Analysis of Traditional, Partisan, and Emerging Online U.S. News:

This large-scale intermedia agenda–setting analysis examines U.S. online media sources for 2015. The network agenda–setting model showed that media agendas were highly homogeneous and reciprocal. O...
UNIT 15.4 ENU Mutagenesis in the Mouse

This unit describes the treatment of laboratory mice with the mutagen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) to induce very highly increased rates of mutation throughout the genome. Further, it describes several popular mating schemes designed to produce animals displaying phenotypes associated with the induced mutations. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 82:15.4.1-15.4.10 © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: alkylating agent; spermatogonial stem cells; per locus mutation frequency; phenotype-driven mutagenesis; genome sequencing
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Modulate the Function of Myelinated Fibers after Chemotherapy: A Quantitative Sensory Testing Study.

Background Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) have sufficient scientific support for their use as tissue protectors. Preliminary studies suggest that their angiotensin-II type 2 receptor (AT2R)-blocking properties have a beneficial profile in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Objectives The purpose of the current study was to quantify the extent of the somatosensory effects of ACEI and ARB in cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Study design We performed a retrospective review of cancer patients with peripheral neuropathy of the upper limbs induced by known neurotoxic anti-cancer agents. Setting Pain Medicine department at academic tertiary care cancer center. Methods Using our quantitative sensory testing (QST) data bank, we retrospectively compared the tactile function and the touch, sharp, and thermal thresholds of patients who were previously receiving ACEI or ARB for high blood pressure with these variables in controls who were not receiving ACEI or ARB. Results Of the 209 patients available for analysis, 145 met inclusion criteria. Baseline characteristics of patients included were generally similar. We identified 29 patients who were receiving AT2R inhibitors prior to starting chemotherapy. Touch thresholds were statistically lower in the thenar aspect of hand in the study group (patients who received AT2R inhibitors) than in the control group [mean (± SD), median 3.03 g (± 11.05), median 0.56 g and 6.75 g (± 18.28), 0.56 g, respectively (P = 0.0441)]. Similarly, the cold pain threshold was statistically higher at the thenar area for the study group [mean (± SD), median 13.23°C (± 8.02), 11.73°C] than for controls [9.89°C (± 6.62), 10.05°C (P = 0.0369)]. Limitations Inadequacies in the original data acquisition and documentation of the QST and the medical records could not be addressed due to the retrospective nature of the study. Similarly, a discrepancy on the size of the comparison groups could not be reconciled. In addition, based on the available information and the lack of documented concomitant pain levels, we did not find an objective parameter able to correlate the QST findings with pain levels. Conclusions AT2R inhibitors might offer partial and selective neuroprotective qualities of the myelinated fibers A-beta; and A-delta in cancer patients who receive neurotoxic chemotherapy.
Acoustic Microscopy at Temperatures less than 0.2°K

The resolving power of the acoustic microscope is set primarily by the wavelength of the transmitted sound in the coupling fluid. The shortest wavelength that can be used is, in turn, determined by the acoustic loss in the fluid, which typically increases rapidly with frequency. To our knowledge, the shortest wavelength yet used for imaging in water is approximately 4000 A at 3.8 GHz.1 Since the attenuation at this frequency is extreme, approximately 14,000 dB/cm, the total path length through the fluid must be very short, typically less than 40 µm . To achieve shorter wavelengths and higher resolution, one can use a coupling fluid with lower acoustic attenuation and/or lower velocity than water. Among the fluids that potentially offer improved resolution performance are the cryogenic liquids2 and high pressure inert gases.3
Toward an analytical framework for contextual problem-based mathematics instruction

ABSTRACTScholars propose that contextual problems can be used to ground students’ understanding of mathematical ideas, and recent curricular trends have resulted in a plethora of resources that int...
On bounding the Thompson metric by Schatten norms

AbstractThe Thompson metric provides key geometric insights in the study of non-linear matrix equations and in many optimization problems. However, knowing that an approximate solution is within dT...
National declines in the percentages of uninsured among adults aged 18-64 years with active epilepsy, 2010 and 2013 to 2015 and 2017-U.S. National Health Interview Survey.

Abstract Epilepsy is more common among children and adults living in households at lowest incomes. Like those living with any complex chronic condition, people with epilepsy need quality healthcare to improve their health and social outcomes. The purpose of this study was to use the latest national data to provide updated estimates of the percentages of adults aged 18–64 years with active epilepsy who were uninsured in 2010, 2013, 2015, and 2017 and to examine changes in health insurance coverage during these years. We analyzed nationally representative samples of adults (aged 18–64 years) from the 2010, 2013, 2015, and 2017 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). We used a validated epilepsy surveillance case definition to classify adults as having active epilepsy during 2010 and 2013 (n = 507) and during 2015 and 2017 (n = 582). We used the NHIS recode variables available in each year that account for a series of questions posed to respondents to confirm coverage and that ultimately classify respondents with different healthcare coverage types. Overall, the percentage of uninsured adults among respondents aged 18–64 years with active epilepsy decreased by more than half (59%), from 17.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 13.6%–22.7%) in 2010 and 2013 to 7.3% (95% CI = 4.8%–10.7%) in 2015 and 2017. The decrease in the percentage of uninsured adults with active epilepsy after 2010 and 2013 was balanced by a similar increase in public insurance coverage and private insurance coverage in 2015 and 2017. Epilepsy stakeholders can ensure that all uninsured adults with epilepsy obtain access to health insurance coverage. National Health Interview Survey data on epilepsy, when available, can be used to monitor trends in insurance status in the new decade.
Role of cavities on deformation-induced martensitic transformation pathways in a laser-welded, neutron irradiated austenitic stainless steel

Abstract The role of cavities on deformation-induced martensitic phase transformations is studied in a laser-welded and neutron irradiated austenitic stainless steel. Orientation dependent nanoindentation experiments are performed in the base metal and the weld heat affected zone (HAZ) at room temperature. Transmission electron microscopy study of deformed microstructures indicates indentation-induced α’-martensite forms in the base metal, whereas α’- and e-martensite arise in the HAZ. The different pathway of martensite phase transformation is attributed to the laser weld-induced annealing of cavities. Our results suggest that deformation-induced martensitic phase transformation of austenitic stainless steel is correlated to neutron irradiated cavity structures.
Determining Tropical Cyclone Center Location with CYGNSS Wind Speed Measurements

A new method for estimating the center of tropical cyclones is presented. The algorithm fits a parametric model of the wind field to wind speed observations by the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) and adjusts the assumed storm center in the model to minimize the residual difference between observations and model. The performance of the estimator is improved by using an ensemble averaging approach to account for uncertainties in the first guess storm center location provided by the National Hurricane Center (NHC). A performance analysis indicates that the NHC uncertainty is reduced by greater than a factor of 4 using the new storm center estimator.
Plasmonic metal-semiconductor heterostructures for hot-electron-driven photochemistry

Plasmonic nanostructures possess broadly tunable optical properties with catalytically active surfaces. They offer new opportunities for achieving efficient solar-to-chemical energy conversion. Plasmonic metal-semiconductor heterostructures have attracted heightened interest due to their capability of generating energetic hot electrons that can be collected to facilitate chemical reactions. In this article, we present a detailed survey of recent examples of plasmonic metal-semiconductor heterostructures for hot-electron-driven photochemistry, including plasmonic metal-oxide, plasmonic metal-two-dimensional materials, and plasmonic metal-metal-organic frameworks. We conclude with a discussion on the remaining challenges in the field and an outlook regarding future opportunities for designing high-performance plasmonic metal-semiconductor heterostructures for photochemistry.
Social determinants as moderators of the effectiveness of health behavior change interventions: scientific gaps and opportunities

Social determinants of health (SDOH) refer to the broad range of social, economic, political, and psychosocial factors that directly or indirectly shape health outcomes and contribute to health disparities. There is a growing and concerted effort to address SDOH worldwide. However, the application of SDOH to health behavior change intervention research is unknown. We reviewed the synthesis literature on health behavior change interventions targeting self-regulation to (a) describe the sociodemographic characteristics, (b) determine which types of social determinants were tested as moderators of health behavior change interventions, (c) evaluate the methodological quality of the meta-analytic evidence, and (d) discuss scientific gaps and opportunities. Thirty (45.4%) of 66 articles examined heterogeneity of treatment effects by SDOH. There was a lack of racial/ethnic, immigrant, sexual/gender minority, and lifecourse sample diversity. Overall, 73.5% of SDOH moderator analyses tested heterogeneity of treatment effects by gender, race/ethnicity, and intervention setting; none examined neighborhood factors. Methodological quality was negatively correlated with number of SDOH analyses. Most SDOH moderator analyses were atheoretical and indicated statistically non-significant differences. We provide an integrated SDOH and science of behavior change framework and discuss scientific opportunities for intervention research on health behavior change to improve health equity.
Landed value grabbing in the terroir of post-socialist specialty wine

This article adds nuance to contested land ownership and ‘land grabs’ in postsocialist Europe in the context of protected sites of production: terroir. It calls attention to conceptions of land and...
Developing minimal-input techniques for invasive plant management: perimeter treatments enlarge native grass patches

There is a continual need for invasive plant science to develop approaches for cost-effectively benefiting native over nonnative species in dynamic management and biophysical contexts, including within predominantly nonnative plant landscapes containing only small patches of native plants. Our objective was to test the effectiveness of a minimal-input strategy for enlarging native species patches within a nonnative plant matrix. In Pecos National Historical Park, New Mexico, USA, we identified 40 native perennial grass patches within a matrix of the nonnative annual forb kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott]. We mechanically cut B. scoparia in a 2-m-wide ring surrounding the perimeters of half the native grass patches (with the other half as uncut controls) and measured change in native grass patch size (relative to pretreatment) for 3 yr. Native grass patches around which B. scoparia was cut grew quickly the first posttreatment year and by the third year had increased in size four times more than control patches. Treated native grass patches expanded by an average of 25 m2, from 4 m2 in October 2015 before treatment to 29 m2 in October 2018. The experiment occurred during a dry period, conditions that should favor B. scoparia and contraction of the native grasses, suggesting that the observed increase in native grasses occurred despite suboptimal climatic conditions. Strategically treating around native patches to enlarge them over time showed promise as a minimal-input technique for increasing the proportion of the landscape dominated by native plants.
Unlocking New York City Crime Insights using Relational Database Embeddings

This version withdrawn by arXiv administrators because the author did not have the right to agree to our license at the time of submission.
Optical cavity with intracavity two-photon absorption

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the optical properties of an optical cavity with both one- and two-photon intracavity absorption loss, without saturation. The cavity two-photon absorption loss per pass is assumed to be small, but otherwise the analysis is general. Analytical results for the cavity transmission as a function of cavity parameters, linear and two-photon intracavity loss, and detuning from resonance are derived and limiting cases discussed. Extraction of the two-photon loss from both cavity ring-down and cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy methods is analyzed and the predicted shot-noise limited sensitivities derived and compared. Numerical results are computed using the parameters of a recent experimental intracavity measurement of two-photon absorption of nitrous oxide. The results will be useful in the design and interpretation of cavity-enhanced, two-photon absorption spectroscopy.
Development and validation of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the determination of raloxifene and its phase II metabolites in plasma: Application to pharmacokinetic studies in rats.

The aim of this study is to establish a reliable liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method to simultaneously quantitate raloxifene, and its major metabolites, raloxifene-6-glucuronide, raloxifene-4'-glucuronide, and raloxifene-6-sulfate in rat plasma samples for pharmacokinetic studies. The separation of the analytes was achieved on a Waters BEH C18 column. Water (0.1% formic acid) and acetonitrile were used as the mobile phases for elution. A one-step protein precipitation using a mixture solvent was applied for plasma sample preparation. The method was validated following the FDA guidance. The results showed that the linear range were 1.95-1000 nM for raloxifene-6-glucuronide, and raloxifene-4'-glucuronide, 0.195-100 nM for raloxifene-6-sulfate, and 0.195-200 nM for raloxifene, respectively. The lower limit of quantification was 1.95, 1.95, 0.195, and 0.195 nM for raloxifene-6-glucuronide, raloxifene-4'-glucuronide, raloxifene-6-sulfate, and raloxifene, respectively. Only 20 µl of plasma sample was required since the method is sensitive. The intra- and interday variance is <15% and the accuracy is within 85-115%. The variance of matrix effect and recovery were <15%. The method was successfully applied in a pharmacokinetic study in rats with oral administration of raloxifene.
Ppard Is Essential in Acceleration of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Development by High-Fat Diet in Mutant Kras Mice

Abstract Pro-obesity high-fat diet is linked with an increased incidence of pancreatic cancers, but the molecular underpinnings of this association remain poorly understood. Here, we report that PPARD is upregulated in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions (PanINs) at early stages of pancreatic tumorigenesis in humans and mutant Kras mice. Transgenic overexpression of Ppard in pancreatic epithelial cells drastically accelerates the development and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in mutant Kras mice when activated by feeding the mice with a high-fat diet or a diet containing GW501516 (50 mg/kg), a selective PPARD agonist. In contrast, pancreatic Ppard genetic deletion significantly suppressed the promotion of pancreatic tumorigenesis by these diets. Mechanistically, we found that this Ppard hyperactivation in pancreatic epithelial cells of mutant Kras mice increased production of chemokines and cytokines (e.g., CcI2, CcI4-5, CxcI5 and II6), leading to the robustly increased recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and macrophages into pancreata, which fostered an immune suppressive microenvironment and subsequently accelerated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma development and progression. Our findings demonstrate that PPARD plays an essential role in the promotion of pancreatic tumorigenesis by a high-fat diet. Targeted inhibition of PPARD activation is a potential interventive strategy for pancreatic cancer prevention and therapy.
Common Property Resources and the Making of the Global Tragedy

This chapter defines a global commons as (1) those oceans and seas outside of any single country’s political domain, (2) our globally circulating atmosphere, and (3) the various river systems and other land masses such as mountain ranges and large forests that either cross political boundaries or are outside the political domain of any single country. The political difficulties of forming the “collective imperfect duties” necessary for managing these global commons are reviewed with the examples of some of the world’s more significant forests and river systems being examined as illustrations. These “difficulties” can be mitigated by the world’s ability to generate the necessary data for facilitating a political solution, and by the application of the “fairness criteria” that were developed and explored in the chapters above. The roles of three international environmental advocacy organizations (EAOs)—The Nature Conservancy, The World Wildlife Fund, and Greenpeace—in developing awareness of the tragedy of the global commons are also reviewed. The roles of these and similar organizations are shown to possibly pose some of the answers to the six questions presented in Chapter 1.