cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental behavior of poly methyl methacrylate polymer concrete for bridge deck bulb tee girders longitudinal field joints

Abstract As an emerging practice of accelerated bridge construction (ABC), top flanges of precast deck bulb tee girders (DBTs) can be longitudinally connected on-site using ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) field joints. Robust UHPC mixes can be proprietary, expensive and might need special expertise to work with it. Thus, exploring viability of alternative materials for such field joints could be beneficial. Poly Methyl Methacrylate Polymer concrete (PMMA-PC) is another construction material with superior mechanical properties that have been used for overlays and can provide a potential alternative to UHPC for field joints. The objective of this study is to investigate the structural performance of PMMA-PC for DBTs longitudinal field joints and compare it to UHPC. An experimental investigation was conducted to test two full-scale specimens, with representative DBTs flanges/slabs, under vertical loading at the University of Nevada, Reno. The two specimens were identical except for field joint material (UHPC versus PMMA-PC). The structural response was evaluated for connection performance under the AASHTO service and ultimate loads, peak strength, damage progression and mode of failure, and local steel reinforcement strains. The results demonstrated that PMMA-PC can be successfully used for longitudinal field joints of the DBTs with comparable performance to UHPC field joints.
Association of Rural and Frontier Residence with Very Preterm and Very Low Birth Weight Delivery in Nonlevel III NICUs.

Objective Delivery of very preterm and very low birth weight neonates (VPT/VLBW) in a nonlevel III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) increases risk of morbidity and mortality. Study objectives included: (1) Determine incidence of VPT/VLBW delivery ( Study Design This retrospective cohort study used 2007 to 2016 Colorado birth certificate data. Demographic and clinical characteristics by VPT/VLBW delivery in level III NICUs versus nonlevel III units were compared using Chi-square analyses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the independent association between residence and VPT/VLBW delivery. Results 897 of 10,015 (8.96%) VPT/VLBW births occurred in nonlevel III units. Compared with infants born to pregnant persons in urban counties, infants born to those residing in rural (adjusted odds ratio or AOR 1.58, 95% confidence interval or CI 1.33, 1.88) or frontier (AOR 3.19, 95% CI 2.14, 4.75) counties were more likely to deliver in nonlevel III units and to experience postnatal transfer within 24 hours (rural AOR 2.24, 95% CI 1.60, 3.15; frontier AOR 3.91, 95% CI 1.76, 8.67). Compared with non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics were more likely to deliver VPT/VLBW infants in nonlevel III units (AOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.15, 1.61). Conclusion A significant number of VPT/VLBW neonates were born in nonlevel III units with associated disparities by race/ethnicity and nonurban residence. Key Points
Clinical Pharmacology of Sedatives, Reversal Agents, and Adjuncts

A clear understanding of the pharmacology of sedating agents is essential in order to provide effective and safe sedation. The type and goal of the planned procedure and the desired depth of sedation should guide the selection of medications and dosages. Sedation practitioners should be trained and prepared to administer additional medications if necessary and should be knowledgeable in the expected effects of individual drugs and any synergistic effects of drug combinations. Practitioners should always be ready to rescue a sedated patient; there are some reversing agents and pharmacological antagonists available. Lastly, there are limited published pediatric data on most of medications used to sedate children.
Penguin Books and Political Change: Britain's Meritocratic Moment, 1937-1988

This lucidly composed, clearly argued, and professionally researched monograph investigates how Penguin Books, mainly their Specials, both reflected and shaped British political culture from the 19...
Perceived invalidation of emotion uniquely predicts affective distress: Implications for the role of interpersonal factors in emotional experience

Abstract Intrapersonal affective styles and emotion regulation strategies have been studied at length and identified as predictors of affective distress (i.e., depression and anxiety symptoms). Less research has evaluated the extent to which distress is predicted by interpersonal factors, like how others respond to people's emotions. Perceived emotion invalidation is one interpersonal factor that occurs when people feel others have negatively evaluated their emotions as unacceptable. Across three studies with both online and college student samples, the current research evaluated perceived invalidation as a predictor of psychological distress while controlling for intrapersonal styles and emotion regulation strategies known to predict distress. Results revealed that perceived emotion invalidation predicted greater affective distress above and beyond: emotional reactivity and expressivity, negative affect, and emotion dysregulation (Study 1); cognitive and behavioral emotion regulation strategies (Study 2); and self-compassion, emotional intelligence, and experiential avoidance (Study 3). These findings suggest that how people perceive others to respond to their emotions contributes to distress more so than simply how people respond to or regulate their own emotions.
A network analysis of eating disorder symptoms and co-occurring alcohol misuse among heterosexual and sexual minority college women.

Abstract Eating disorders and alcohol misuse are common problems among college women. Individually, both have high prevalence rates and are associated with a significant economic burden. Yet eating disorders and alcohol misuse also frequently present simultaneously, which may increase symptom severity and related impairment. These associations are especially important to test in sexual minority populations, as symptoms may present differently, and the prevalence and personal cost of these disorders may be even higher for this group. The present study (N = 1072 undergraduate college women) used network analysis to identify pathways, central symptoms, and bridge symptoms across alcohol misuse and eating disorder symptoms. A network comparison test was used to determine if the network structure differed between heterosexual women (n = 923) and sexual minority women (n = 149). For the overall network, cognitive restraint, excessive exercise, and frequency of binge drinking, were the most central symptoms. Bridge symptoms included drinking in the morning, purging, alcohol-related guilt, and muscle building. Heterosexual and sexual minority women did not differ significantly in network structure or global strength. Regardless of sexual orientation, prevention efforts for eating disorders and alcohol misuse among college women should target central and bridge symptoms.
dFoxo Dependent Transcription of the Heat Shock Proteins

Drosophila melanogaster accumulate large and small heat shock protein transcripts in response to oxidative damage. The large Hsp70 and the small Hsps are two different classes of molecular chaperones that protect against proteotoxicity by preventing the accumulation of mis-folded, non-native proteins using two separate mechanisms. Here we establish the small Hsps and Hsp70 are targets of Foxo in Drosophila. The Foxo family of pioneer transcription factors promotes cellular stress resistance in response to many conditions including oxidative stress. In response to acute oxidative stress caused by paraquat, Foxo and HSF collaborate by increasing expression of these chaperones. These data indicate a mechanism where overlapping pathways transcriptionally upregulate protective genes to promote survival.
Isolation and characterization of a previously undetected human cAMP phosphodiesterase by complementation of cAMP phosphodiesterase-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

We have established a highly sensitive functional screen for the isolation of cDNAs encoding cAMP phosphodiesterases (PDEs) by complementation of defects in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain lacking both endogenous cAMP PDE genes, PDE1 and PDE2. Three groups of cDNAs corresponding to three distinct human genes encoding cAMP-specific PDEs were isolated from a human glioblastoma cDNA library using this functional screen. Two of these genes are closely related to the Drosophila dunce cAMP-specific PDE. The third gene, which we named HCP1, encoded a novel cAMP-specific PDE. HCP1 has an amino acid sequence related to the sequences of the catalytic domains of all cyclic nucleotide PDEs. HCP1 is a high affinity cAMP-specific PDE (Km = 0.2 microM) that does not share other properties of the cAMP-specific PDE family, i.e. extensive sequence homology to the Drosophila dunce cAMP PDE and sensitivity to rolipram and R020-1724. The PDE activity of HCP1 is not sensitive to cGMP or other inhibitors of the cGMP-inhibitable PDEs, such as milrinone. The biochemical and pharmacological properties of HCP1 suggest that it is a member of a previously undiscovered cyclic nucleotide PDE family. Northern blot analysis indicates that high levels of HCP1 mRNA are present in human skeletal muscle.
Chapter 19 Game and decision theoretic models in ethics

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the game and decision-theoretic models in ethics. The theory of rational behavior in a social setting can be divided into game theory and ethics. Game theory deals with two or more individuals often having very different interests who try to maximize their own (selfish or unselfish) interests in a rational manner against all the other individuals who likewise try to maximize their own (selfish or unselfish) interests in a rational manner. Ethics deals with two or more individuals often having very different personal interests yet trying to promote the common interests of their society in a rational manner. The chapter discusses the axioms of Bayesian decision theory, an equi-probability model for moral value judgments, axioms for rational choice among alternative social policies, use of von Neumann-Morgenstern utilities in ethics, rule utilitarianism, act utilitarianism, Rawls' and Brock's nonutilitarian theories of justice, and Brock's theory of social justice based on the Nash solution and on the Shapley value.
Effects of systemic beta-blocker therapy on the efficacy and safety of topical brimonidine and timolol. Brimonidine Study Groups 1 and 2.

Purpose To determine the impact of coadminstration of systemic beta-blockers on the ocular hypotensive efficacy and safety of topical timolol, a nonselective, beta-blocker, and that of brimonidine, an alpha2-selective adrenergic agonist, in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Design Post hoc evaluation of data collected from two prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-masked, parallel-group, actively-controlled, 12-month clinical trials. Participants Of the 926 subjects with ocular hypertension or glaucoma that were enrolled in the two prospective trials, 66 (7.1%) were concurrently maintained on systemic beta-blocker therapy. Of these patients, 34 had been assigned to the brimonidine group and 32 to the timolol group. Methods Subjects instilled into each eye either 1 drop of brimonidine 0.2% or timolol 0.5% twice daily for 1 year. Study subjects within medication treatment groups were classified as to their use or nonuse of concurrent systemic beta-blockers, and mean intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, adverse events, heart rate, and blood pressure were compared. Main outcome measures Mean IOP reduction from baseline was the primary efficacy variable. Adverse events and mean changes in heart rate and blood pressure from baseline were the primary safety variables. Results Timolol-treated subjects concurrently taking systemic beta-blockers had smaller decreases in IOP, a greater mean change in systolic (at week 2, months 1, 2, 6, and 9; P Conclusions Concurrent systemic beta-blocker therapy had no deleterious effect on ocular hypotensive efficacy and no impact on systemic safety parameters with topical brimonidine, whereas efficacy was reduced and systemic safety parameters were impacted with topical timolol. Ocular hypotensive agents other than beta-blockers, such as the alpha2 agonist brimonidine, may be a more appropriate first-line therapy for ocular hypertension and glaucoma patients concurrently taking systemic beta-blockers.
Does The Necessity of Mathematical Truths Imply Their Apriority

It is sometimes argued that mathematical knowledge must be a priori, since mathematical truths are necessary, and experience tells us only what is true, not what must be true. This argument can be undermined either by showing that experience can yield knowledge of the necessity of some truths, or by arguing that mathematical theorems are contingent. Recent work by Albert Casullo and Timothy Williamson argues (or can be used to argue) the first of these lines; W. V. Quine and Hartry Field take the latter line. I defend a version of the argument against these, and other objections.
Comparison of cell-surface TFPIalpha and beta.

Summary. Background: Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is mainly produced by endothelial cells and alternative mRNA splicing generates two forms, TFPIα and TFPIβ. A portion of expressed TFPI remains associated with the cell surface through both direct (TFPIβ) and indirect (TFPIα) glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol (GPT)-mediated anchorage. Objective: Compare the structure and properties of TFPIα and TFPIβ. Methods: TFPIα and TFPIβ, with protein molecular masses of 36 and 28 kDa, respectively, migrate similarly (46 kDa) on SDS-PAGE. Experiments using specific glycosidases were carried out to determine the different glycosylation pattern of the two forms. ECV304 cells, a cell line with some endothelial properties, were stimulated with IL-lβ, LPS, and TNFα for up to 24 hrs and mRNA levels and protein synthesis were determined. Stable clones of ECV304 cells that express reduced levels of TFPIα, TFPIβ or both were produced using a plasmid-based small-interfering RNA technique. Surface TFPI activity was determined by a two-stage chromogenic assay based on the ability of each form to inhibit FXa activation by FVIIa on cells with comparable amount of tissue factor (TF). Results and conclusions: The deglycosylation studies show that the difference in molecular masses is due to a greater degree of sialylation in O-linked carbohydrate in TFPIβ. The mRNA and protein levels of neither form of TFPI were affected by stimulation of cells with inflammatory stimuli. Although TFPIα comprises 80% of the surface-TFPI, TFPIβ was responsible for the bulk of the cellular FVIIa/TF inhibitory activity, suggesting a potential alternative role for cell surface TFPIα.
A Photoelastic Analysis of Fiber Discontinuities in Composite Materials

A two-dimensional photoelastic stress analysis of various dis continuous fiber-reinforced composite material configurations is described. Models were constructed from two different photoelastic materials, representing a fiber/matrix modulus of elasticity ratio of 40, and making possible maximum shear stress measurements in both matrix and fibers. Each fiber discontinuity which was investi gated was flanked by continuous fibers, with lateral spacings repre senting 16 and 45 volume percent fiber. Matrix stress concentrations (defined as the maximum shear stress near a fiber end divided by the maximum shear stress remote from the discontinuity) are re ported as a function of longitudinal spacing, eccentricity and overlap of fiber ends. Values as high as 13 were obtained. The effects of lateral fiber spacing on matrix stress concentration and on critical fiber aspect ratio were observed. The presence of extremely high stress gradients in the matrix near fiber ends suggested the im portance of having good matr...
Recognition requirements for the activation, differentiation and function of T-helper cells specific for class I MHC alloantigens

The present review has focused on the specificity of the T-helper cell populations initiating MHC class I alloreactions. In contrast to conventional immune responses against soluble antigens, responses against membrane-bound class I alloantigens are initiated by two distinct antigen-specific T-helper cell populations that can be distinguished by their Lyt phenotype, MHC restriction specificity, antigen specificity, and requirement for thymically determined self-recognition. Alloresponses were shown to be a composite consisting of two distinct components: one mediated by L3T4+ Th cells and very similar to conventional self + X responses; and one mediated by Lyt2+ Th cells and unique to alloresponses against MHC class I antigens. As would befit an unusual Th cell population, the recognition/response spectrum of Lyt2+ Th cells was highly unusual and was found to be the basis for much of the uniqueness we attribute to immune alloreactions, including rapid rejection of tissue allografts in vivo.
ACTH increases de novo synthesis of diacylglycerol and translocates protein kinase C in primary cultures of calf adrenal glomerulosa cells.

Abstract Effects of ACTH on the production of diacylglycerol (DAG) and translocation of protein kinase C were studied in primary cultures of calf adrenal glomerulosa cells. To study DAG production two different labeling protocols were used: (a) cells were prelabeled for 3 days with [2- 3 H]glycerol before ACTH addition; (b) ACTH and [2- 3 H]glycerol were added simultaneously to cells. In both cases, ACTH provoked rapid increases in the labeling of DAG which were maximal in 2 min, dose-dependent, and paralleled by increases in DAG mass. ACTH also increased the labeling of total glycerolipids including phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerol. In both labeling protocols, the rates of increase in the labeling of DAG and PA were greater than those of other glycerolipids. Our results indicate that ACTH rapidly increases DAG, at least partly by stimulating the de novo synthesis of PA. In addition, we found that ACTH, like phorbol esters, stimulated the apparent translocation of immunoreactive protein kinase C from the cytosol to the membrane fraction.
Lessons from the eradication campaigns.

Abstract Of seven global eradication programs this century, only two have relied primarily on vaccines for control measures — those against smallpox and poliomyelitis. Smallpox is history and polio could possibly achieve a similar status within the next decade. The hallmarks of these successful programs were surveillance and community outreach and involvement. However, a research agenda, so crucial to smallpox eradication, has largely been ignored or dismissed by polio program managers. This could prove to be a serious, even fatal error.
THE VARIANCE OF NON-PARAMETRIC TREATMENT EFFECT ESTIMATORS IN THE PRESENCE OF CLUSTERING ∗

Abstract Nonparametric estimators of treatment effects are often applied in settings where clustering may be important. We provide a general methodology for consistently estimating the variance of a large class of nonparametric estimators, including the simple matching estimator, in the presence of clustering. Software for implementing our variance estimator is available in Stata.
Automatic Low-Visibility Trajectory Optimization for Visually Identifying a Suspected Aircraft

Abstract : This paper describes two methods used for producing trajectories, which enable an interceptor aircraft to perform a visual identification on a suspected aircraft. A trajectory typically used by fighter pilots is referred to as a beam intercept. The main goal for the maneuver is to put the interceptor in a relative position and heading with respect to the target such that it is in the best configuration to view the target aircraft's markings. Optimal trajectories complete this maneuver in minimum time and avoid detection. The first approach is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming problem which can be solved in real time. The linear cost function and constraints are adjusted to enable the interceptor to avoid radar detection. However, there are limitations to the accuracy of a radar detection model formed with only linear equations, which might justify using a nonlinear programming formulation. With this approach the interceptor's radar cross section and range between the suspected aircraft and interceptor can be incorporated into the problem formulation.
480 SMALL BOWEL SECRETION INDUCED BY UNCONJUGATED BILIRUBIN

Perfusion of 9α-bilirubin in isotonic bicarbonate buffered saline into hamster small bowel in vivo was performed in order to elucidate the mechanism of the diarrhea associated with phototherapy. Solutions of bilirubin, 0.125 to 0.75mM, produced dose dependent secretion (negative net flux) of H20 and Na+ (table); similar concentrations have been observed in the bile of the Gunn rat subjected to phototherapy. At 0.5mM significant protein loss occurred (table) but there was no biochemical evidence of significant enterocyte injury as measured by effluent loss of DNA, lac-tase and sucrase (table) or post-perfusion mucosal activities of lactase and sucrase, 5.3 ± 0.9 (SD) vs 5.6 ± 0.9 (p> .05) and 14.2 ± 3.1 vs 17.1 ± 3.5 (p > .05) units/mg/protein respectively. These data provide evidence that the diarrhea associated with phototherapy is the result of bowel secretion and not the manifestation of carbohydrate malabsorption as previously thought.
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3Increases Transforming Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factor Receptor Type I and II Synthesis in Human Bone Cells

To determine whether the inhibition of human osteoblast growth mediated by 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha,25(OH)D3) occurs as a result of changes in transforming growth factor (TGF) and TGF receptor synthesis, we examined the effects of 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 on the synthesis of TGF beta and TGF-beta receptors. Treatment with 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3, but not vehicle, increased TGF-beta 2 concentrations in human osteoblast cell supernantants in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The increase in TGF-beta 2 concentrations was associated with an inhibition of osteoblast cell growth; antibodies directed against transforming growth factor beta partially blocked the inhibition of cellular growth mediated by 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 TGF-beta 2 gene transcription and TGF-beta 2 mRNA concentrations were increased in 1 alpha,25(OH)D3 but not in vehicle-treated cells. 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 increased TGF-beta type I and type II receptor mRNA levels in osteoblasts. Increased expression of TGF-beta 2 and TGF-beta receptors by 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 might account for the inhibition of human osteoblast growth seen following 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 treatment.
Aldose reductase, NADPH and NADP+ in normal, galactose-fed and diabetic rat lens.

NADPH and NADP+ levels were measured in rat lens from normal controls, from galactose-fed and diabetic rats during the first week of cataract formation.The level of NADPH in normal rat lens was determined to be 12.3 ± 0.4 nmol/g wet weight, and that of NADP+ 4.6 ± 0.2 nmol/g wet weight. In early cataract formation NADPH levels decreased rapidly during the first 2 days and then remained stable at 76% of control for galactose-fed and 84% for diabetic rats. NADP+ levels increased by 38% of control for galactose-fed and 54% for diabetic rats. Calculated NADPH/NADP+ ratios dropped from 3.36 ± 0.21 to 1.86 ± 0.16 in galactose fed rats, and from 2.81 ± 0.15 to 1.61 ± 0.16 in diabetic rats (P < 0.001 for both experimental groups). These data are consistent with rapid NADPH oxidation during onset of lens cataracts. No significant changes in aldose reductase enzymatic activity levels were observed in either the galactosemic or the diabetic rats during the times measured.
Model based matching using simulated annealing and a minimum representation size criterion

We define the model based matching problem in terms of the correspondence and transformation that relate the model and scene, and the search and evaluation measures needed to find the best correspondence and transformation. Simulated annealing is proposed as a method for search and optimization, and the minimum representation size criterion is used as the evaluation measure in an algorithm that finds the best correspondence. An algorithm based on simulated annealing is presented and evaluated. This algorithm is viewed as a part of an adaptive, hierarchical approach which provides robust results for a variety of model based matching problems.
Consumers' Perceptions of the Ethics and Acceptability of Product Placements in Movies: Product Category and Individual Differences

Abstract Product placement in movies is an important emerging area of marketing and advertising communications, but it also raises controversial ethical issues. In order to investigate these issues from a consumer point of view, this paper reports on an empirical study of 1012 college students and their perceptions of the acceptability of such placements. The results indicate that while there are generally favorable attitudes toward product placement, ethically-charged products, such as alcohol, cigarettes, and guns, are perceived as less acceptable than others. Individual differences among the students, based on their related attitudes, movie watching frequency, and gender, also have an impact on product placement acceptability. Managerial and research implications reflecting these results are drawn.
Closed-form implicit summation

Abstract The infinite sums which characterize perturbation theory may be evaluated implicity via an inhomogeneous Schroedinger equation. We show that the solution to this equation may be expressed in closed form for problems involving time-dependent perturbations of hydrogenic systems.
Identifying Shared Latent Dimensions of Psychological Symptoms: Implications for the Psychological Correlates of Smoking

Shared latent dimensions may account for the co-occurrence of multiple forms of psychological dysfunction. However, this conceptualization has rarely been integrated into the smoking literature, despite high levels of psychological symptoms in smokers. In this study, we used confirmatory factor analysis to compare three models (1-factor, 2-factor [internalizing-externalizing], and 3-factor [low positive affect-negative affect-disinhibition]) of relations among nine measures of affective and behavioral symptoms implicated in smoking spanning depression, anxiety, happiness, anhedonia, ADHD, aggression, and alcohol use disorder symptoms. We then examined associations of scores from each of the manifest scales and the latent factors from the best-fitting model to several smoking characteristics (i.e., experimentation, lifetime established smoking [≥100 cigarettes lifetime], age of smoking onset, cigarettes/day, nicotine dependence, and past nicotine withdrawal). We used two samples: (1) College Students (N =288; mean age =20; 75 % female) and (2) Adult Daily Smokers (N=338; mean age=44; 32 % female). In both samples, the 3-factor model separating latent dimensions of deficient positive affect, negative affect, and disinhibition fit best. In the college students, the disinhibition factor and its respective indicators significantly associated with lifetime smoking. In the daily smokers, low positive and high negative affect factors and their respective indicators positively associated with cigarettes/day and nicotine withdrawal symptom severity. These findings suggest that shared features of psychological symptoms may be parsimonious explanations of how multiple manifestations of psychological dysfunction play a role in smoking. Implications for research and treatment of co-occurring psychological symptoms and smoking are discussed.
Reversible transvestic fetishism in a man with Parkinson's disease treated with selegiline.

Summary: Dopaminergic therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease may change the quality as well as the quantity of sexual interest and behavior. This 72-year-old man had a 37-year history of Parkinson's disease treated with a right thalamotomy and was later treated with levodopa for more than 20 years. Selegiline (5 mg twice daily) was added for motor fluctuations. He developed a frequent impulse to wear women's clothing but did not act on this impulse until his wife died over a year later. He then began to dress in women's clothing an average of once per week. He stated he had never thought of cross-dressing previously. The selegiline was stopped, and his urge to wear women's clothing ceased. Paraphilias are a rare behavioral complication of Parkinson's disease treatment. Other paraphilias have been attributed to dopamine agonists, suggesting that the action of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor responsible for the patient's transvestism in this case was dopamine potentiation. Drug-induced paraphilias and hypersexuality may represent a reversal of the putative premorbid Parkinson's disease personality traits of introversion, cautious behavior, and lack of “novelty-seeking.” A biologic basis for transvestism, and paraphilias in general, is not known. Rare clues emerge from cases similar to this one.
Tetrads, broken symmetries, and the gravitational constant

Tetrads cause the breakdown of symmetry in gravitational theories. Their vacuum expected values reduce the symmetry of the vacuum from that of the action to what is global Poincare invariance at ordinary distances. Gravitational theories can be written in terms of rescaled fields in such a way that the Planck mass never appears. The rescaled fields are dimensionless, except for gauge fields and tetrads, both of which acquire the dimension of mass. The empirical distribution of energy throughout spacetime causes the tetrads to assume vacuum expected values of the order of the Planck mass,m p . Thus the gravitational constant,G=hc/m 2 , may be viewed not as a fundamental constant, but as a mass scale that is dynamically determined by the large-scale structure of the universe. Generalized tetrads may also break internal symmetries.
Aggregation Behavior in Water of Monomeric and Gemini Cationic Surfactants Derived from Arginine

A new class of gemini surfactants, bis(Args) (Cn(LA)2, where n = 3, 6, and 9), has been synthesized. Their solution and tension behaviors were studied and compared to those of the corresponding monomeric surfactant, LAM (Nα-lauroylarginine methyl ester) and of a common cationic surfactant, CPC (cetylpyridinium chloride). Bis(Args) are made up of two symmetrical long chain Nα-acyl-l-arginine residues of 12 carbon atoms linked by amide covalent bonds to an α,ω-alkylidenediamine spacer chain of varying length (n). By being produced from amino acid sources (arginine), these surfactants are biocompatible and less toxic to the environment. The solution behavior is also important for potential applications in foaming, agrichemical spreading aids, and cleaning processes, and in understanding the interfacial behavior. Strong evidence of two cmc's with different characters of aggregates was obtained from different techniques for the gemini surfactants but not for the monomeric surfactants. Surface tensiometry indic...
Somatic cell hybrid deletion map of human chromosome 18

Abstract The creation of a physical map of chromosome 18 will be useful for the eventual identification of specific chromosomal regions that are critical in the occurrence of Edwards syndrome, the 18q-syndrome, and the 18p-syndrome. To begin the investigation of these syndromes, a physical map has been constructed to order random DNA fragments to specific portions of chromosome 18. A set of somatic cell hybrids that retain deletions or translocations involving chromosome 18 has been isolated and characterized. Over 200 lambda phage from a chromosome 18-specific library have been localized to 11 distinct regions of chromosome 18 using the chromosomal breakpoints present in the somatic cell hybrids.
Transferred hyperfine interaction in Te and I impurities in ferromagnetic MnSb

Abstract The hyperfine interaction constants of 125 Te and 129 I as impurities in ferromagnetic MnSb, have been determined by the Mossbauer effect.
0.2 dB Gain Ripple - 20W- WCDMA Silicon MMIC

The Silicon MMICs have entered the wireless base station arena a few years ago, because of their good and reliable power performances together with excellent thermal properties. The WCDMA base station manufacturers require amplifiers with very stringent gain flatness specification, because of the UMTS linearity specifications, the multi carrier amplification and the associated linearity enhancement techniques. This paper describes the different technical problems inherent to very flat gain multistage power amplifiers, the techniques used to circumvent them, and presents the performances of a 3 stages 20W peak power amplifier featuring 0.2dB gain ripple within 5 times the UMTS band (300 MHz).
Sugared Soda Consumption and Dental Caries in the United States

Because of the complexity of the caries process, the potential cariogenicity of specific food items is difficult to assess. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between sugared soda consumption and caries. Dietary and dental examination data from the 1988-94 Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) were used. From the food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall data, significant associations between DMFS and soda consumption were generally seen in persons over age 25. No differences in DMFS, relative to soda consumption, were seen in persons under age 25, or in analyses of dfs for children under age 12. The observed associations could be due to the cumulative effects of the long-term consumption of sugared soda. The absence of apparent effects of sugared soda consumption in younger people may also be related to the increased use of fluorides since the 1960s.
Evaluating the Impact of SDC on the GMRES Iterative Solver

Increasing parallelism and transistor density, along with increasingly tighter energy and peak power constraints, may force exposure of occasionally incorrect computation or storage to application codes. Silent data corruption (SDC) will likely be infrequent, yet one SDC suffices to make numerical algorithms like iterative linear solvers cease progress towards the correct answer. Thus, we focus on resilience of the iterative linear solver GMRES to a single transient SDC. We derive inexpensive checks to detect the effects of an SDC in GMRES that work for a more general SDC model than presuming a bit flip. Our experiments show that when GMRES is used as the inner solver of an inner-outer iteration, it can "run through" SDC of almost any magnitude in the computationally intensive orthogonalization phase. That is, it gets the right answer using faulty data without any required roll back. Those SDCs which it cannot run through, get caught by our detection scheme.
Why Thomas is so hardy: literature inspired by evolution to make sense of the senseless

Although existentialism and evolutionary biology might appear to be polar opposites, with the former denying a role for “human nature” and the latter emphasizing it, there are some unrecognized parallels. One in particular is that both disciplines assume that human life is not inherently meaningful, such that any attribution of meaning must arise from human actions. The present article traces some of this intellectual correspondence in the realm of literature.
What research should be done and why? Four competing visions among ecologists

Information we collect about our planet depends, in part, on the questions scientists ask regarding the natural world. Asking other questions might lead to different innovations and alternative understandings of policy problems and their potential solutions. With a seemingly infinite number of potential study subjects but limited resources with which to study them, why have we chosen to focus on the topics that we have? Here, I present a Q-method study that explores ecologists' thought processes as they evaluate the merits of potential research topics. The participants, ecologists attending the Ecological Society of America's 2008 Annual Meeting, nominally agreed with one another that their discipline should contribute to solving environmental problems, but they interpreted that goal differently. This study uncovers four competing visions that ecologists have for their discipline. On the basis of these findings, I contend that ecology might be more effective in informing policy if priority setting were a ...
Magnetic Topological Insulators and Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect

Abstract When the magnetic order is introduced into topological insulators (TIs), the time-reversal symmetry (TRS) is broken, and the non-trivial topological surface is driven into a new massive Dirac fermions state. The study of such TRS-breaking systems is one of the most emerging frontiers in condensed-matter physics. In this review, we outline the methods to break the TRS of the topological surface states. With robust out-of-plane magnetic order formed, we describe the intrinsic magnetisms in the magnetically doped 3D TI materials and the approach to manipulate each contribution. Most importantly, we summarize the theoretical developments and experimental observations of the scale-invariant quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) in both the 2D and 3D Cr-doped (BiSb)2Te3 systems; at the same time, we also discuss the correlations between QAHE and other quantum transport phenomena. Finally, we highlight the use of TI/Cr-doped TI heterostructures to both manipulate the surface-related ferromagnetism and realize electrical manipulation of magnetization through the giant spin–orbit torques.
Mouse models of abnormal skeletal development and homeostasis

Studies of a number of mouse mutations with skeletal defects have contributed significantly to the understanding of bone development and homeostasis. In many cases, such mutants are also genetic models of disorders in humans, characterized by reduced bone mass (osteoporosis), increased bone mass (osteopetrosis), or abnormalities in endochondral ossification (chondrodysplasias).
Sequencing in Conversational Openings

An attempt is made to ascertain rules for the sequencing of a limited part of natural conversation and to determine some properties and empirical consequences of the operation of those rules. Two formulations of conversational openings are suggested and the properties "nonterminality" and "conditional relevance" are developed to explicate the operation of one of them and to suggest some of its interactional consequences. Some discussion is offered of the fit between the sequencing structure and the tasks of conversational openings.
Distinct patterns of sulfated proteoglycan biosynthesis in human monocytes, granulocytes and myeloid leukemic cells.

Abstract The production of sulfated proteoglycans was compared in mature peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes and HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. We found that HL-60 cells synthesized 5–10 times more proteoglycans than peripheral blood leukocytes. Differentiation of HL 60 cells toward mature monocytes by treatment with 12- O -tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or towards granulocytes by treatment with retinoic acid or dibutyryl cyclic adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate (dbcAMP) resulted in a small (20–30%) decrease in sulfated proteoglycan biosynthesis. Chondroitin sulfate was found to be the predominant proteoglycan produced by monocytes, PMN and undifferentiated HL-60 cells. Differentiated HL-60 cells produced chondroitin sulfate as well as sulfated proteoglycans sensitive to nitrous acid degradation. Similar results were observed in TPA, dbcAMP and retinoic acid differentiated HL-60 cells indicating that the changes in proteoglycan biosynthesis observed were independent of the developmental pathway. Using specific monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry, we also found that HL-60 cells and monocytes produced chondroitin 4-sulfate, chondroitin-6-sulfate and chondroitin- O -sulfate while PMN only produced chondroitin-4 sulfate. In addition, although there were no significant differences in antibody binding to undifferentiated and differentiated HL-60 cells, the tumor cells bound 5–20 times more of the antibodies than the peripheral blood leukocytes. Our data demonstrate that sulfated proteoglycan production by HL-60 cells is distinct from PMN and monocytes. In addition, the fact that differentiated HL-60 cells continue to synthesize larger amounts of the proteoglycans than the peripheral blood leukocytes indicates these cells have not completely matured.
Distal intracranial catheterization of patients with tortuous vascular anatomy using a new hybrid guide catheter.

Abstract Background A hybrid guide catheter mates the traditional strong guide catheter with a thin, soft distal tip, allowing placement further into the distal cervical or proximal cranial circulation. Case Description We present 5 cases in which traditional guide catheters were unable to successfully navigate tortuous anatomy or provide stable support for intervention. Conclusion Hybrid guide catheters provided safe, stable support for successful treatment. Hybrid guide catheters allow for treatment for patients who previously were not candidates for neuroendovascular surgery.
Preparative-scale isoelectric trapping enantiomer separations.

Abstract The new Gradiflow BF200 IET unit, developed for isoelectric trapping protein separations has been modified and used to carry out preparative-scale enantiomer separations. Hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin was used as the chiral resolving agent to induce an isoelectric point difference between the enantiomers. Three isoelectric membranes with isoelectric points below, in between and above the isoelectric points of the complexed enantiomers were used to trap the separated enantiomers in the anodic and cathodic separation compartments of the Gradiflow BF200 IET apparatus, respectively. The production rates were about 15 times higher than those previously obtained with another isoelectric trapping device and about 30% higher than those obtained in a continuous free-flow electrophoretic device operated in the isoelectric focusing mode. The remarkable separation speed observed in the modified Gradiflow BF200 IET unit is attributed to the favorable interplay of the short electrophoretic transfer distance, the high electric field strength and the large effective surface areas of the isoelectric membranes.
Neutron Activation Analysis of Residual Oil for Vanadium

Neutron activation analysis is investigated as a nondestructive method of analyzing large residual oil samples for vanadium content in the 20–2000 ppm range. For a flux of 108 neutrons/cm2 · sec, a 10 min analysis of a 3 g oil sample can yield concentration measurements that are reproducible to within a maximum deviation of 7% for a wide latitude of experimental conditions with no sample preparation. The adaption of neutron activation analysis herein investigated has several features that make it attractive as a means of on-line process control in petroleum cracking plants.
Macrophage T-cell interaction in man: handling of tetanus toxoid antigen by human monocytes.

An absolute requirement for monocytes was demonstrated in the T-cell proliferative response to tetanus toxoid (TT) antigen. Antigen-pulsed monocytes were shown to be effective in triggering T-cell proliferation. Using125I-radiolabeled TT antigen, uptake by monocytes increased progressively over an 18-hr period, at which time 80–85% of the monocytes contained radiolabeled material. The ability of antigen-pulsed monocytes to trigger T-cell proliferation paralleled antigen uptake over an 18-hr period. Monocytes pulsed with antigen, then washed, lost their ability to trigger T-cell proliferation following a 24- to 48-hr culture period. Metabolic inhibitors blocked antigen uptake by monocytes and monocyte triggering of T-cell proliferation. Trypsin treatment of TT-pulsed monocytes did not affect the amount of antigen associated with monocytes or T-cell triggering by monocytes. Anti HLADR alloantibodies, which when added during antigen pulsing of monocytes inhibit the capacity of these monocytes to trigger T-cell proliferation, did not interfere with antigen uptake. These results indicate that human monocytes present antigen to T cells via an active process and in association with DR determinants, and that the immunogenic moiety of antigen does not remain indefinitely available to the T cell.
Predicting aerodynamic sound utilizing a two-point, two-time turbulence theory

The feasibility of determining two-point, two-time turbulent velocity correlations based on extending closure models for one-point, one-time turbulence correlations is demonstrated. The procedure used is based on a spatial moment integral formulation of the governing equations using approximate, parameterized trial functions for the two-point, two-time velocity correlations. Solution of the equations is shown to give a set of anisotropic length scales and the separation-time-dependent decorrelation of the ensemble averaged turbulent velocities. The analysis is simplified using the assumption of homogeneous stationary turbulence and a constant shear, unidirectional mean flow. It is shown that the anisotropic behavior of measured turbulence correlations can be characterized through this technique.
Evaluation of digital photography for estimating live and dead aboveground biomass in monospecific macrophyte stands

Abstract To reduce time and labor in the field, digital photographs were used to assess quantities of live and dead plant biomass in the Florida Everglades. Profile-oriented images were acquired of vegetation contained within an open-sided frame having a black backdrop of known area. Using imaging software, the pictures were transformed so that live, dead, and the absence of plant material were represented by the colors green, red, and black, respectively. Subsequent pixel counts within the boundaries of the backdrop, combined with average stand height values, gave estimate terms that were plotted against the dry weights of all aboveground materials harvested from within the frame. Regression analyses showed strong correlations (R2 > 0.84) between estimated and actual dry weights, indicating that this technique is a rapid and accurate way to assess biomass in monospecific stands of these plants.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy : From origins to future directions

In this overview, I will briefly explore some of the earliest seeds of modern X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, as pioneered by Siegbahn and collaborators, and then turn to some examples of how these seeds have sprouted in several present and promising future applications of this technique. Some of the future areas explored will be the use chemical shifts and multiplet splittings in the study of strongly correlated materials, photoelectron diffraction and holography for atomic structure determinations, standing-wave and hard X-ray excited photoemission for probing buried interfaces and bulk properties, valence-band mapping with soft and hard X-ray excitation, and time-resolved measurements with the sample at high ambient pressures in the multi-torr regime.
Numerical algorithms on the crystal multicomputer

The Crystal multicomputer at the Computer Sciences Department of the University of Wisconsin-Madison allows the exploration of parallel numerical algorithms by providing a collection of loosely-coupled minicomputers of substantial computing power (currently, twenty VAX 11/750's) that can exchange data in an efficient manner via messages. Very promising results have already been obtained through through the use of Crystal on nonlinear traffic assignment problems. Additional applications of Crystal are in progress for generalized network flow problems. SOR methods for linear programming, and multigrid methods.