cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
When Small Seemed Beautiful: NGOs, Appropriate Technology, and International Development in the 1970s

In 1973, a year after the Stockholm Conference, an influential and widely read book appeared in bookstores, the hands of youthful protestors, and the libraries of many environmentalists and development reformers. Small Is Beautiful , written by the economist Ernst Friedrich Schumacher, was a collection of essays that advocated for the decentralization of political power, participatory development planning, and economic localism. Schumacher had been born and raised in Germany, but worked professionally in the United Kingdom and as a consultant to multiple postcolonial nations in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. His time in developing countries convinced him that mainstream development strategies – those that had prized rapid industrialization, vast engineering projects, and topdown decision making – were responsible for generating ecological devastation and social dislocation. He believed large-scale national development planning had sparked the many global problems Stockholm Conference attendees had identified. Over the 1960s and early 1970s, Schumacher argued in many forums that emphasizing local production for local needs should be the primary purpose of development and that redressing the overlapping environmental and social crises required a transition away from ambitious development schemes toward local empowerment. Small Is Beautiful presented Schumacher's peculiar strand of heterodox economic thinking for a wide audience. Published in the same year as the first global oil crisis, in the wake of the alarmist Limits to Growth , and amid a growing environmental movement that had proclaimed a global ecological crisis was underway, the book resonated with many readers. Although reformers of all stripes found the book compelling, Schumacher's work especially captivated the environmental community. It harmonized with a major theme in environmentalists' critique of international development, one that centered on the use of technology in developing countries. As they endeavored to reconcile development with environmental concerns, many environmental activists focused on the role of technology in the development process. In postwar development planning and policies, many development experts believed that the application of advanced industrial technologies to the developing world would spark economic growth. However, by the 1960s and 1970s, many environmentalists assailed development models that relied on such technology.Much like E. F. Schumacher, environmentalists pointed to the many largescale, centralized technological projects – such as major dams, large irrigation systems, and vast electricity grids – that often led to environmental degradation, reduction of natural resource stocks, and social alienation.
Star Trek: Voyager: Pragmatism and Neo-Pragmatism as False Infinities

The creators of Star Trek dedicated virtually an entire series (Voyager) to show how pragmatism and neo-pragmatism lead to undesirable/unstable/catastrophic outcomes. Conversely, the series depicts how ethics and principles are key to (yes!) achieving success in the face of dire/difficult circumstances.
Pediatric Skull: Normal Pediatric Sutures on Computed Tomography

Knowledge of normal suture lines is necessary to recognize abnormalities and normal variants in pediatric patients and even later in adults. The typical, normally patent sutures that can be seen in children under 6 months of age are shown in Fig. 25.1. The following pages describe normal anatomy of the sutures of the skull base, basiocciput, and orbitofrontal region that can simulate fractures or other disease in children and less commonly in adults.
Modeling and Observations of Sand Ripple Formation and Evolution During TREX13

Ripples on the seafloor affect acoustic scattering and transmission loss, wave attenuation, and the amount of sediment transported in shallow water. Historically, seafloor roughness (a function of ripples, bedforms, sediment type, and size) is assumed to be spatially homogeneous and temporally static in hydrodynamic and acoustic models despite the often dynamic nature of the seafloor in the nearshore region. We present a spectral ripple model, Navy Seafloor Evolution Archetype (NSEA), which simulates the variations in seafloor roughness given measured or predicted wave conditions in sandy environments. NSEA simulates sand ripple formation and evolution based on bottom velocities either measured or predicted by a wave model. The time dependency is a function of equilibrium ripple geometries and the amount of sediment transport needed to reach an equilibrium state, which is dependent on the relict ripples. Spectral decay due to bioturbation is incorporated as a diffusive process. NSEA was validated with time series observations obtained in water depths of 7.5 and 20 m from April 20, 2013 to May 23, 2013 during the 2013 Target and Reverberation Experiment (TREX13) offshore of Panama City, FL, USA. The model predicted spectral ripple wavelengths that were in good agreement with observed spectral ripple wavelengths obtained using a fixed platform, high-frequency (2.25 MHz) sector scanning sonar. Likewise, the variations in the predicted normalized ripple heights and orientations were similar to the normalized spectral decay and orientations estimated from the sector scanning sonar imagery.
The tetrameric kinesin Kif25 suppresses pre-mitotic centrosome separation to establish proper spindle orientation

Decarreau and colleagues demonstrate that the minus-directed kinesin Kif25 acts to prevent both premature centrosome separation and mis-positioning of the nucleus and mitotic spindle.
Dignity and Rule of Law: Governance and the Alleviation of Social Suffering

Separation of political and civil rights on the one hand, and social and economic aspirations on the other, stands in the way of addressing development and human suffering. A conception of human dignity that promotes the agency of individuals to apply their gifts, recognition of the equal value of all, and the tangible institutionalization of this agency and recognition would help reduce human suffering. The inclusion of rule of law in the new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) offers a promising opportunity to alleviate social suffering, a major category of human suffering, on a universal basis. It recognizes that empowering the world’s poor and its suffering requires focus of political voice, governance, access to justice, and economic empowerment—irrespective of gender, ethnicity, caste, or race. To alleviate social suffering in this manner, two things are needed. First, alleviating social suffering through incorporation of rule of law in the implementation of the SDGs requires mobilizing a pluralistic array of actors in dialogue on dignity and partnering to see it realized. These include intergovernmental institutions, secular and faith-based nongovernmental organizations, corporations, and public-private partnerships, leveraging both will and assets. Second, implementation must be a focus—rule of law and access to justice in practice, and not just on paper in legislation, treaties, or statements. It must be measured with benchmarks of the SDGs informed by the authors’ definition of dignity (agency, recognition, and institutionalization). (The views expressed in this chapter do not necessarily represent the views of the UN Foundation.)
A comparison of open-loop and closed-loop strategies in colloidal self-assembly

Abstract Ordered colloidal crystals possess unique photonic properties for a wide range of applications in engineering, material science, communications, and medicine. However, ordered structures are hard to achieve even in small systems, due to the formation of defects during the process. In this paper, we focus on the control of a micron-sized SiO2 colloidal self-assembly process for defect-free crystal in an externally applied electric field batch system. Five control strategies including time-constant and time-varying, heuristic and model-based open-loop and closed-loop policies are investigated, to understand their control mechanisms. The model-based policies are designed using a reduced-order Markov state model, built with samples from Brownian dynamics simulations, and are calculated with dynamic programming. The performance of all the five strategies are evaluated on both the Brownian dynamics simulation and the experiments. Time-varying control strategies can improve the yield of grain-boundary-free crystals over that of their time-constant counterparts. Moreover, using feedback as “endpoint detection” to terminate the process can also shorten the process time, compared to open-loop strategies.
Neuroanatomical Organization and Connections of the Motor Thalamus in Primates

Motor thalamus is a widely applied term in neuroscience research as well as in clinical practice. However, in contrast to other thalamic regions such as visual, auditory, limbic, somatosensory, where afferent inputs fit neatly within the cytoarchitectonic boundaries of respective thalamic subdivisions, delineations of the motor thalamus are more ambiguous irrespective of the criteria on which they are based.
Non-at-issueness of since-clauses

This paper explores the discourse status of English causal clauses introduced by since . Tests for non-at-issueness demonstrate that neither the relation (between the subordinate and the superordinate clause) expressed by since nor the content of the subordinate clause is at-issue. Other diagnostics further show that these two not-at-issue contents triggered by since belong to two different classes of projective content. This can be accounted for by attributing two different sources to their non-at-issueness: the relation expressed by since is not-at-issue for structural reasons, i.e. because since -clauses modify high evidential or speech act phrases, which are not-at-issue; the content of the subordinate clause is not-at-issue because since lexically selects factive clauses. More generally, this study (and future comparative studies on other subordinators) promises to shed further light on the constraints on different contents projected by the same trigger and the role played by structure in non-at-issueness.
A general method for the metal-free, regioselective, remote C–H halogenation of 8-substituted quinolines

An operationally simple and metal-free protocol for geometrically inaccessible C5–H halogenation of a range of 8-substituted quinoline derivatives has been established. The reaction proceeds under air, with inexpensive and atom economical trihaloisocyanuric acid as a halogen source (only 0.36 equiv.), at room temperature. Exceptionally high generality with respect to quinoline is observed, and in most instances, the reaction proceeded with complete regioselectivity. Quinoline with a variety of substituents at the 8-position gave, exclusively, the C5-halogenated product in good to excellent yields. Phosphoramidates, tertiary amides, N-alkyl/N,N-dialkyl, and urea derivatives of quinolin-8-amine as well as alkoxy quinolines were halogenated at the C5-position via remote functionalization for the first time. This methodology provides a highly economical route to halogenated quinolines with excellent functional group tolerance, thus providing a good complement to existing remote functionalization methods of quinolin-8-amide derivatives and broadening the field of remote functionalization. The utility of the method is further showcased through the synthesis of several compounds of biological and pharmaceutical interest.
Nodal induces sequential restriction of germ cell factors during primordial germ cell specification

Specification of the germ cell lineage is required for sexual reproduction in animals. The mechanism of germ cell specification varies among animals but roughly clusters into either inherited or inductive mechanisms. The inductive mechanism, the use of cell-cell interactions for germ cell specification, appears to be the ancestral mechanism in animal phylogeny, yet the pathways responsible for this process are only recently surfacing. Here, we show that germ cell factors in the sea star initially are present broadly, then become restricted dorsally and then in the left side of the embryo where the germ cells form a posterior enterocoel. We find that Nodal signaling is required for the restriction of two germ cell factors, Nanos and Vasa, during the early development of this animal. We learned that Nodal inhibits germ cell factor accumulation in three ways including: inhibition of specific transcription, degradation of specific mRNAs and inhibition of tissue morphogenesis. These results document a signaling mechanism required for the sequential restriction of germ cell factors, which causes a specific set of embryonic cells to become the primordial germ cells.
High degree of correlation between Ebola virus BSL-4 neutralization assays and pseudotyped VSV BSL-2 fluorescence reduction neutralization test

Ebola virus (EBOV), classified as a category A agent by the CDC and NIH, requires BSL-4 containment and induces high morbidity and mortality in humans. The 2013-2015 epidemic in West Africa underscored the urgent need to develop vaccines and therapeutics to prevent and treat EBOV disease. Neutralization assays are needed to evaluate the efficacy of EBOV vaccines and antibody therapies. Pseudotyped viruses based on nonpathogenic or attenuated vectors reduce the risks involved in the evaluation of neutralizing antibodies against highly pathogenic viruses. Selectable markers, fluorescent proteins, and luciferase have been introduced into pseudotyped viruses for detection and quantitation purposes. The current study describes the development of a BSL-2 fluorescence reduction neutralization test (FRNT) using a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in which the VSV-G envelope gene was replaced with the EBOV glycoprotein (GP) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) genes (rVSV-EBOVgp-GFP). Cells infected with rVSV-EBOVgp-GFP express GFP. Anti-GP neutralizing monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies blocked rVSV-EBOVgp-GFP infection preventing or reducing GFP fluorescence. The high degree of correlation between the EBOV BSL-2 FRNT and the BSL-4 plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), the accepted standard of EBOV neutralization tests, supports the use of the EBOV BSL-2 FRNT to evaluate neutralizing antibodies in clinical trials.
The impact of patterns of trauma exposure among low income children with and without histories of child maltreatment

Abstract Previous research has revealed a large prevalence of trauma experienced by children, creating high risk for the development of psychopathology. Research investigating the negative impacts of child maltreatment and other traumas has typically examined these experiences individually, controlling for co-occurring traumas, or has combined these experiences into a general variable of risk, thereby obscuring the complex relationships among environmental traumas and maltreatment. The current study expands on previous research by elucidating relationships between multiple contexts of overlapping traumas and maltreatment experienced by children, and by categorizing how these experiences join together to impact internalizing and externalizing symptomatology. Participants included 316 maltreated children and 269 nonmaltreated children (M age = 9.4, SD = 0.88) who attended a summer day camp research program for low-income children. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) identified three differential patterns of trauma exposure across children: 1) community violence and loss; 2) pervasive trauma; and 3) low trauma. Covariate analyses demonstrated that child maltreatment was significantly associated with class membership, suggesting that maltreated children were more likely to experience diverse traumas extending beyond their maltreatment experiences (pervasive trauma class). A two-way analysis of variance also demonstrated that trauma latent class membership and child maltreatment each represented unique predictors of internalizing and externalizing symptoms, with each having an independent effect on symptomatology. This investigation provides unique insight into the differential impact of patterns of trauma exposure and child maltreatment, providing support for further research and clinical practice addressing multiple levels of a child’s ecology.
Integration of microseismic data, completion data, and production data to characterize fracture geometry in the Permian Basin

Abstract Understanding how fractures propagate during multi-stage hydraulic fracturing enables better prediction for production and increases reserves. Fracture complexity due to fracture interaction makes it challenging to accurately quantify fracture geometry. Some solutions like proppant tracers and microseismic data acquisition may give a rough representation of fracture geometry, but they cannot provide complete information for fracture geometry without separate model verification. Through data synthesis from microseismicity, stimulation treatment, and production, calibrated models increase reliability in determining fracture geometry. The Permian Basin's unique lithology contains a high degree of vertical heterogeneity, accentuating the complexity that makes fracture modeling difficult. Microseismic data give gross fracture dimensions, including fracture height, length, and azimuth, and the direction of maximum horizontal stress while also providing a baseline for calibrating stimulation and reservoir simulators. Our stimulation model indicates that initiating fractures inside the Wolfcamp B2 formation results in propped height growth being contained by the Wolfcamp B1 and Wolfcamp B3 layers. Furthermore, the reservoir model also suggests that contributing reservoir volume comes mainly from the Wolfcamp B2 formation. In addition, from the microseismic analysis, the slurry stages initiated more events closer to the heel of the wellbore than the toe, which mimics the results from the fracture propagation simulator, where the fracture closest to the heel is wider since more fluid enters during the treatment than the other fractures.
Acceptability, feasibility and outcome of a screening programme for complicated grief in integrated primary and behavioural health care clinics.

BACKGROUND Complicated grief, a syndrome of persistent grief diagnosed >6 months following the loss of someone close is expected to be included in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases as a new diagnosis called prolonged grief disorder. Complicated grief is associated with impaired functioning and health comorbidity and does not respond to treatments for depression. Individuals may seek help in primary care where providers need to be familiar with the syndrome. OBJECTIVE This study examines the acceptability, feasibility and outcome of a screening programme for complicated grief among diverse adults receiving behavioural health services in integrated primary care. METHODS Behavioural health providers (n = 14) administered the Brief Grief Questionnaire and the Inventory of Complicated Grief during routine assessment and completed an acceptability survey. Descriptive statistics described rates of complicated grief symptoms and sample demographics, health and service use. RESULTS Most providers (71%) reported the Brief Grief Questionnaire to be a moderate to very useful assessment instrument and the Inventory of Complicated Grief moderate to very useful for developing a treatment plan (57%). Of the 2425 patients screened, 1015 reported a loss over 6 months ago. Of these 1015, 28% (n = 282) screened positive on the Brief Grief Questionnaire and 22% (n = 228) endorsed symptoms of complicated grief (Inventory of Complicated Grief score ≥25), considered at high risk for needing clinical care. CONCLUSIONS A screening programme for identifying complicated grief was acceptable to providers, feasible to implement and useful in identifying complicated grief in integrated primary care clinics.
EEG findings in Parkinson disease patients with and without Visual Hallucinations: A Retrospective Case Control study (P1.050)

Objective: To determine a correlation between Electroencephalography (EEG) abnormalities and the incidence of visual hallucinations (VH) in Parkinson disease (PD) patients. Background: VH is common in PD, yet the cause remains unknown. Several theories suggest cortical dysfunction, but with different cortical structures implicated in differing arguments. EEG has been suggested to assess these cortical structures. Design/Methods: We included all PD patients seen over 30 months who had routine EEG results available, and were without history of epilepsy, seizures or on active treatment with anti-seizure medications. To avoid selection bias, ALL patients seen from October/2014 to March/2017 were screened. 301 PD patients were identified, among whom 47 had routine EEG performed. 2 patients were excluded (one each for known epilepsy and anti-epileptic drug use). Remaining 45 patients were included. 13 patients had Visual Hallucinations (VH+ Cases), while 32 did not (VH− Controls). Final outcome for analysis was presence of interictal epileptiform findings. Other variables collected were gender, age at time of EEG, age at onset of VH, age at onset of PD medications, duration between PD onset and VH onset, handedness, side of disease burden, and cognitive symptoms. Statistical significance was calculated using Chi-Squared tests. Multivariate analysis was performed using IBM-SPSS. Independent samples tests were performed with significance level 0.05. Results: 53.8% of VH+ cases (7/13) had epileptiform findings on routine EEG, compared to none among 32 VH− controls (p 85.7% epileptiform findings were located in temporal region (3 Right, 2 Left, 1 bitemporal). Particular gender, handedness, side of disease burden, and presence of cognitive dysfunction were not associated with increased risk of VH. The age at EEG and age at onset of PD medications were similar across the VH+ and VH− groups. Conclusions: The presence of VH is associated with interictal epileptiform findings on routine EEG in PD, most frequently in temporal lobe. Disclosure: Dr. Singh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schwartz has nothing to disclose.
Development and use of an index for measuring implementation of a weight management program in children in primary care clinics in Texas

The Texas Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration study was an integrated, systems-oriented intervention that incorporated primary and secondary obesity prevention approaches targeting multiple sectors, including primary care clinics, to address childhood obesity. The primary care clinic component included the American Academy of Pediatrics’ Next Steps weight management counseling materials that support brief healthy lifestyle-focused visits. The current study describes the methodology and assesses the implementation of the Next Steps program in the participating primary care clinics, as well as the association of implementation with enrollment of children with overweight and obesity in the secondary prevention intervention. The study used a serial cross-sectional study design to collect data from 11 primary care clinics in Houston (n = 5) and Austin (n = 6), Texas, in 2013–2014. Responses of primary care providers on 42 self-reported survey questions assessing acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, and feasibility of the program were utilized to create a mean standardized clinic implementation index score. Provider scores were aggregated to represent Next Steps implementation scores at the clinic level. A mixed effects logistic regression test was conducted to determine the association between program implementation and the enrollment of children in the secondary prevention. Mean implementation index score was lower at Year 2 of implementation (2014) than Year 1 (2013) although the decrease was not significant [63.2% (12.2%) in 2013 vs. 55.3% (16.5%) in 2014]. There were no significant associations between levels of implementation of Next Steps and enrollment into TX CORD secondary prevention study. The development of an index using process evaluation measures can be used to assess the implementation and evaluation of provider-based obesity prevention tools in primary care clinics.
Electrochemical-mediated gelation of catechol-bearing hydrogels based on multimodal crosslinking

Catechol-bearing polymers form hydrogel networks through cooperative oxidative crosslinking and coordination chemistry. Here we describe the kinetics of cation-dependent electrochemical-mediated gelation of precursor solutions composed of catechol functionalized four-arm poly(ethylene glycol) combined with select metal cations. The gelation kinetics, mechanical properties, crosslink composition, and self-healing capacity is a strong function of the valency and redox potential of metal ions in the precursor solution. Catechol-bearing hydrogels exhibit highly compliant mechanical properties with storage moduli ranging from G′ = 0.1–5 kPa depending on the choice of redox active metal ions in the precursor solution. The gelation kinetics is informed by the net cell potential of redox active components in the precursor solution. Finally, redox potential of the metal ion precursor can differentially alter the effective density of crosslinks in networks and confer properties to hydrogels such as self-healing capacity. Taken together, this parametric study generates new insight to inform the design of catechol-bearing hydrogel networks formed by electrochemical-mediated multimodal crosslinking.
Women’s cancers: how the discovery of BRCA genes is driving current concepts of cancer biology and therapeutics

Over the last two decades, discoveries related to the breast cancer susceptibility genes 1 and 2 (BRCA1 and BRCA2) have profoundly changed our understanding and management of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers. The concept of synthetic lethality, which arises when cells become vulnerable to a combination of deficiencies in DNA repair, has driven the expanding roles of poly (adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in breast and ovarian cancers, and prevention strategies are taking into account the tissue specificity, natural history (fallopian tube origin of some high-grade serous ovarian cancers) and hormone sensitivity of BRCA-associated cancers. Current research has focussed on further elucidating the roles of BRCA proteins in DNA repair, investigating other key DNA repair processes and proteins and linking aberrant DNA repair with carcinogenesis. The ultimate goal is to translate this evolving knowledge into improving the clinical care and treatment of patients with pathogenic BRCA variants or other deficiencies in homologous recombination (HR). In this review, we will discuss 1) the role of BRCA proteins in DNA repair; 2) emerging concepts in the biology of HR deficiency and 3) implications for prevention and treatment.
Modifying Effect of Statins on Fatal Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial: A Post Hoc Analysis.

Background: Management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients includes efforts directed toward modifying traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Such efforts include optimal management of hypertension together with the initiation of statin therapy. Methods: In this observational study, we determine the modifying effect of statins on the relationship of systolic blood pressure (SBP) goal with mortality and other outcomes in patients with CKD participating in a clinical trial. At baseline, 2,646 CKD patients (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) were randomized to an intensive SBP goal < 120 mm Hg or standard SBP goal <140 mm Hg. One thousand two hundred and seventy-three were not on statin, 1,354 were on a statin, and in 19 the use of statin was unknown. The 2 primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Results: The relationships of SBP goal with all-cause mortality (interaction p = 0.009) and cardiovascular (CV) mortality (interaction p = 0.021) were modified by the use of statin after adjusting for age, gender, race, CVD history, smoking, aspirin use, and blood pressure at baseline. In the statin group, targeting SBP to < 120 mm Hg compared to SBP < 140 mm Hg significantly reduced the risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.44 [0.28–0.71]; event rates 1.16 vs. 2.5 per 100 patient-years) and CV mortality (aHR 0.29 [0.12–0.74]; event rates 0.28 vs. 0.92 per 100 patient-years) after a median follow-up of 3.26 years. In the non-statin group, the risk of all-cause mortality (aHR 1.07 [0.69–1.66]; event rates 2.01 vs. 1.94 per 100 patient-years) and CV mortality (aHR 1.42 [0.56–3.59]; event rates 0.52 vs. 0.41 per 100 patient-years) were not significantly different in both SBP goal arms. Conclusion: The combination of statin therapy and intensive SBP management leads to improved survival in hypertensive patients with CKD.
Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease—Combine or Not Combined? DPG In or Out? A Practical Approach to the Patient With Suspected Left Heart Disease

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to left heart disease (LHD) is the most common cause of PH in clinical practice. The definition and classification of PH-LHD has evolved in the last 5 years from the...
“Eloped” or “enticed away”: anxiety and paternalism among Maryland slaveholders before 1831*

This study evaluates the attitudes of slaveholders towards slavery in Maryland’s Tidewater region during the Early Republic, through the examination of their claims for slave property lost in the W...
Timing, Costs, and Survival Outcome of Specialty Palliative Care in Medicare Beneficiaries With Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

PURPOSE:ASCO recommends early integration of palliative care in treating patients diagnosed with metastatic lung cancer. Our study sought to examine utilization of timely specialty palliative care ...
Assessing the utility and accuracy of ICD10-CM non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage codes for intracranial aneurysm research.

Background The 10th revision of International Classification of Disease, Clinical Modification (ICD10-CM) increased the number of codes to identify non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage from 1 to 22. ICD10-CM codes are able to specify the location of aneurysms causing subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH); however, it is not clear how frequently or accurately these codes are being used in practice. Objective To systematically evaluate the usage and accuracy of location-specific ICD10-CM codes for aSAH. Methods We extracted all uses of ICD10-CM codes for non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (I60.x) during the first 3 years following the implementation of ICD10-CM from the billing module of the electronic health record (EHR) for UCHealth. For those codes that specified aSAH location (I60.0-I60.6), EHR documentation was reviewed to determine whether there was an active aSAH, any patient history of aSAH, or unruptured intracranial aneurysm/s and the locations of those outcomes. Results Between 1 October 2015 and 30 September 2018, there were 3119 instances of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage ICD10-CM codes (I60.00-I60.9), of which 297 (9.5%) code instances identified aSAH location (I60.0-I60.6). The usage of location-specific codes increased from 5.7% in 2015 to 11.2% in 2018. These codes accurately identified current aSAH (64%), any patient history of aSAH (84%), and any patient history of intracranial aneurysm (87%). The accuracy of identified outcome location was 53% in current aSAH, 72% for any history of aSAH, and 76% for any history of an intracranial aneurysm. Conclusions Researchers should use ICD10-CM codes with caution when attempting to detect active aSAH and/or aneurysm location.
Enhanced data narratives

Data narratives are an emerging form of communication that employs enhanced media for effective knowledge transfer of complex information. Researchers in the fields of data visualization and artifi...
The Wave of Insolvency Reform Across the MENA Region: Analysing Saudi Arabia's New Bankruptcy Law

For years, countries in the MENA region have been trying to increase entrepreneurship rates; however, faced with high unemployment, commodity-dependent economies, and low economic growth, it was not until 2016 that the region finally witnessed the introduction of a modern bankruptcy statute. Potential start-ups and foreign investors have been deterred from these markets due to the risk of failure and a lack of alternative solutions for surviving or for winding down businesses without the fear of being penalised. Modern bankruptcy laws are designed to incentivise risk-taking rather than deter it, and at least five countries in the region have taken a major step in that direction.
SAME-SEX RELATIONS AND LEGAL TRADITIONS IN CAMEROON AND SOUTH AFRICA

This essay revisits the debates and legal contests that grew in Cameroon at the turn of the millennium but failed to bring justice for members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) community. Several members of sexual minorities were tried in Cameroon courts and sentenced to serve jail time. In order to reflect on the state of legal limbo for LGBTQ people in Cameroon, I also revisit the South African case Minister of Home Affairs and the Director General of Home Affairs versus Marie Adrianna Fourie and Cecelia Johanna Bonthuys, which led to legalization of same-sex relationships and marriage in South Africa. In the first and longer part of the essay, I discuss the situation in Cameroon and South Africa. In the second part, I briefly discuss the different legal outcomes in the two countries. I conclude with a brief discussion of signs of hope in the critical dialogue on justice in the debate on same-sex relations in Africa. My goal in this essay is not to offer expert opinion on the legal entanglements on the question of same-sex relations, but to demonstrate that legal and constitutional protections offer the best chance for gaining the rights of LGBTQ people in Africa.
Neptunus Africanus: una nota

The mosaics in North Africa, even those found far from the coasts and in the desert areas, show constantly the usual image of Neptune as sea god. The sculptures and inscriptions, on the other hand, bear witness to a different line, the one derived from the Roman interpretatio of a god who had deep Libyan roots, documented by the contact with the Libyan genius of the waters, but also by the Numid and Punic ones: from this derives the connection with the protecting deities of the springs, of the irrigated waters, of the vegetation, able to protect the territories from drought. It is particullarly significant the case studied in this paper about Thignica (Ain Tounga in Tunisia, Africa Proconsularis, in the territory of the Roman colony of Carthage). The project is coordinated by Samir Aounallah and Attilio Mastino.
Comparison Between 5- and 1-Year Outcomes Using Cutoff Values of Pressure Drop Coefficient and Fractional Flow Reserve for Diagnosing Coronary Artery Diseases.

Background The current pressure-based coronary diagnostic index, fractional flow reserve (FFR), has a limited efficacy in the presence of microvascular disease (MVD). To overcome the limitations of FFR, the objective is to assess the recently introduced pressure drop coefficient (CDP), a fundamental fluid dynamics-based combined pressure-flow index. Methods We hypothesize that CDP will result in improved clinical outcomes in comparison to FFR. To test the hypothesis, chi-square test was performed to compare the percent major adverse cardiac events (%MACE) at 5 years between (a) FFR 27.9 and (b) FFR 25.4 groups using a prospective cohort study. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier survival curves were compared between the FFR and CDP groups. The results were considered statistically significant for p 27.9 group (10 out of 35, 29%) was lower in comparison to the FFR 27.9 group (n = 35) when compared to the FFR < 0.75 group (n = 20). The results remained similar for the FFR = 0.80 cutoff. The comparison of the 5-year MACE outcomes with the 1-year outcomes for the complete patient group showed similar trends, with a higher statistical significance for a longer follow-up period of 5 years. Conclusion Based on the MACE and survival analysis outcomes, CDP could possibly be an alternate diagnostic index for decision-making in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Clinical Trial Registration www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01719016.
Internal Reinforcement of Cooperative Outcomes: Evidence from Virtual Worlds

Whereas game-theoretic experiments take place in an equilibrium framework in which meaningful change can come from outside observers, the real world is not so fortunate. This paper provides an empirical example of how real people, when given the sufficient time and space not usually afforded in laboratory settings, can and do internally develop institutions that act to change the game-theoretic payoffs they face in order to reinforce cooperative outcomes absent outside intervention. To do so I first introduce virtual reality as an empirical platform for economic analysis and draw on the largely yet-untapped realm of virtual online computer games.
Control of Binary SRV Distillation Systems: A State-Space Approach

In this paper, we applied the modern control theory to get some insights into the control problem of binary SRV distillation columns based on the perturbed linear state space description. We showed the existence of a constant state feedback matrix and a precompensator matrix, which completely decouple the linear (4x8) input-output system considered in an earlier paperl Furthermore, effect of the feed composition disturbance, but not the feed flow rate disturbance, may be nullified by a portion of this state feedback controller matrix. But to achieve state feedback controller matrix. But to achieve the decoupling every state variable must be measured. In the simulation of binary 10-stage SRV distillation columns, we showed that a low-interaction controller, which also suppresses the feed distdrbaaccs, can be designed by simply eliminating some of the entries in the decoupling controller matrix and designing the precompensator to attain the steady state decoupling.
Verification in International Agreements

Why do states sometimes choose stronger verification mechanisms in international agreements, while other times not? Verification mechanisms refer to the monitoring, reporting, and oversight provisions within an international agreement. I argue that the strength of verification mechanisms depends on two factors: the duration of an agreement (the time horizon) and how much states care about the agreement in the future (the discount rate). This argument tests hypotheses from behavioral economics, and argues that a low discount rate coupled with a short time horizon results in strong verification. I compile new data on verification mechanisms in international agreements that complement Koremenos’ Continent of International Law. Preliminary analysis demonstrates support for the behavioral economics hypotheses and little support for rational institutionalist and realist arguments. The paper revisits “the shadow of the future” and reexamines the concept in terms of its two component parts: time horizon and discount rate. It also bridges the IPE-Security gap in international relations through use of a cross-issue large-N sample instead of selecting cases within a single issue area.
The Constitutional and Statutory Obligations of Schools to Prevent Students with Disabilities From Dropping Out

Students with disabilities graduate from high schools at a rate that is half that of their general education peers. This low rate endures despite access to educational programs that should be tailored to students' unique needs. This situation raises concern about how to help more students stay in school until graduation. One avenue worth considering is whether schools have satisfied the various legal standards designed to ensure that students benefit from an appropriate education. This article considers these legal standards and suggests that, in some cases, schools may fall short of their obligations to these students. Specifically, schools may need to treat the decision to drop students from schools as a change in placement, afford these students various due process procedures, and regard dropout prevention as a related service.
Effects of microstructure on hardness and palmqvist fracture toughness of WC-Co alloys

Abstract The effects of microstructure, specimen preparation and test procedure on the hardness and indentation fracture of commercial WC-Co alloys (4.5–20wt.%Co) fabricated by two companies were investigated. The measured hardness was in good accord with that calculated from the Lee and Gurland relations. The Palmqvist fracture toughness GIs was proportional to the binder mean free spacing; moreover, GIs−1 increased linearly with increasing hardness. By considering the variation in the bulk fracture toughness GIc (and of GIs) with hardness, the two are related through GIc = C exp(− βGIs−1) Only a little difference in the hardness and GIs values occurred for the two material sources, specimen men preparation and test procedures considered.
Endocrine disruption and the USFDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research

Drugs may have intended or unintended endocrine effects. Drug evaluation may in- clude both in vitro and in vivo evaluations of toxicity and developmental/reproductive effects. After a signal is identified, human relevance is of utmost concern. An integration "tool" that formalizes a weight-of-evidence approach has been developed to assess concern about re- productive/developmental toxicity to humans. This approach can be used to assess concern about an endocrine disruption signal. A signal alone does not mean a concern for humans. An effect needs to have biologic relevance, and exposure thresholds for effects may exist. Risk/benefit for a particular drug is a clinical decision and may vary by the drug indication. Risk management for an identified concern could include wording in patient communica- tions, tracking distribution or limited distribution, and patient or pregnancy registries.
Predictors of needs in mothers with infants in the neonatal intensive care unit

Forty‐six mothers with infants in an urban hospital's neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were asked to rate the importance of having various needs met in five categories: (1) support (the need for interpersonal emotional support); (2) comfort (the need for personal physical comfort); (3) information (the need to obtain realistic information about the infant); (4) proximity (the need to remain near the infant); and (5) assurance (the need to feel confident about the infant's outcome). Overall, mothers viewed needs in the area of assurance as most important and needs in the area of support as least important to have fulfilled. Multiple regression analyses revealed significant predictive relationships between annual household income and mothers' needs in the area of support, and infant length of stay in the NICU and mothers' information needs. The findings from this study can be used by professionals when interacting with families, as well as during the design and implementation of parent support programs i...
Purine analogues in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies

Although some patients with lymphoid malignancies can be cured with standard chemotherapy, a large percentage of patients require alternative chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation for recurrent or resistant disease. T-cell nonHodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL) in particular have a worse outcome with standard chemotherapy and require novel agents for therapy. The purine analogues such as fludarabine, cladrabine, and pentostatin have now demonstrated activity in many cases of lymphoid malignancies and have been incorporated into several different combination chemotherapy regimens as well as in reduced intensity transplantation regimens. Due to the wide range of uses for purine analogues, the current information on purine analogue treatment for NHL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia is reviewed in this series of articles. In this supplement, the use of purine analogues as well as alkylating agents and antibody therapy for lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma is reviewed by Dr Anthony Ho. In the next chapter, Drs Nicholas Di Bella and Farhad Ravandi review the use of purine analogue combinations for indolent NHL. Due to the difficulty in treating T-cell NHL, the current use of purine analogues and combinations for peripheral Tcell lymphoma and cutaneous T-cell lymphomas is reviewed by Drs Dearden, Kurzrock, and Ravandi. The use of purine analogues for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia either as first-line or second-line therapy is reviewed in two articles by Drs Lamanna and Weiss as well as Dr Kay. Finally, the use of purine analogues as part of a reduced intensity conditioning regimen for hematologic malignancies is reviewed by Dr Francine Foss. These chapters all have a common theme outlining the usefulness of purine analogues in various clinical setting for indolent lymphoid malignancies. New combinations and the use of purine analogues in alternative clinical situations such as stem cell transplantation offer new modalities of treatments for these resistant lymphomas which need to be further explored in clinical trials.
Sleeping with their eyes open: a guide to student staff training

Grinnell College is a small, liberal arts institution in Iowa. As part of the IT Student Staff program, the students must complete several training requirements to be hired as well as attend "training camps" prior to the start of classes in August and additional workshops that are offered throughout the year. This doesn't seem that challenging; however, it turned out to be a project that had several failures before it had success. We tried training "out of the box," but no one told us where the box was located. Then came the introduction of audio-visuals and Microsoft PowerPoint; all our training went onto the computer. It was very attractive. One day, while observing a training session that one of our student supervisors was leading, I looked out at the audience, and the students looked like they were sleeping. The training was boring so how could they possibly be learning. Confucius says, "What I hear, I forget. What I see, I remember. What I do, I understand." The principles of active and accelerated learning follow this idea and guided the changes to the student training program. Learning needs to be creative and engaging while fitting into a tight schedule and a dynamic group of participants.
Nonequilibrium quantum noise in chiral Luttinger liquids.

We study nonequilibrium noise in chiral Luttinger liquids using the Landauer-Buttiker scattering approach, obtaining the current and voltage noise spectrum for a four-terminal measurement scheme. Experimental consequences of the tunneling of charges are present in the four-terminal measurement of both the low-frequency shot noise (\ensuremath{\omega} near 0), and the high-frequency Josephson noise (\ensuremath{\omega} near ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{\mathit{J}}$=${\mathit{e}}^{\mathrm{*}}$V/\ensuremath{\Elzxh}). Within perturbation theory, an algebraic singularity is present at the Josephson frequency ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{\mathit{J}}$=${\mathit{e}}^{\mathrm{*}}$V/\ensuremath{\Elzxh}, whose position depends on the charge ${\mathit{e}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ of the tunneling particles, either electrons or fractionally charged quasiparticles. These two types of tunneling are related by a strong-weak--coupling duality transformation. We show in a nonperturbative calculation for an exactly solvable point that the singularity at the quasiparticle frequency exists only in the limit of vanishing coupling, whereas the singularity at the electron frequency is present for all coupling strengths. The vanishing coupling limit corresponds to perfectly quantized Hall conductance in the case of quasiparticle tunneling between edge states in the fractional quantum Hall regime, and thus tunneling destroys the singularity at the quasiparticle frequency concomitantly with the quantized current. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.