cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Behaviour of Atmospheric Pressure Oscillations

IT is well known that the atmospheric pressure at any given point does not remain constant in time and is subject to periodic and non-periodic fluctuations. Statistical analyses have been used to establish them and many investigations have been published. This communication reports the results of a spectral density analysis performed for the barometric pressure data at the Langmuir Laboratory (33° 59′ N., 107° 11′ W., elevation 3,320 m above mean sea level), a research facility of the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, and at the Institute campus at Socorro (34° 4′ N., 106° 54′ W., elevation 1,410 m above mean sea level). The Langmuir Laboratory is on a summit ridge of the Magdalena Mountains and the campus is 27 km east in the Riogrande Valley. A comparison of the results of these two stations provides an interesting example of atmospheric behaviour in a “mountain–valley” situation.
Reparación de una lesión por arma de fuego en la aorta torácica mediante stent endovascular

El acceso endovascular constituye una alternativa minimamente invasiva para el tratamiento de las lesiones vasculares. Si bien la reparacion de las lesiones contusas de la aorta toracica mediante endoprotesis esta bien descrita, existen pocos informes de su aplicacion en la reparacion de las lesiones penetrantes de la aorta toracica. Describimos el tratamiento satisfactorio de una lesion por arma de fuego con orificio de entrada y salida en la aorta toracica y revisamos como esta tecnologia puede aplicarse en el tratamiento de las lesiones penetrantes en la aorta toracica.
The minor and trace element geochemistry of volcanic rocks from Truk, Ponape and Kusaie, Eastern Caroline Islands; the evolution of a young hot spot trace across Old Pacific Ocean Crust

Recent paleomagnetic and K-Ar age dating studies in the Caroline Islands show that the high volcanic islands of Truk, Panape and Kusaie formed at the same shallow latitude and display a progression of ages increasing westward from 1 m.y. (Kusaie), through 6 m.y. (Ponape) to 12 m.y. (Truk). These data suggest that the islands were formed by a young hotspot or melting anomaly. One hundred and fifty volcanic rocks from these three islands have been analysed for major and 15 trace elements and results indicate that shield-building lavas on each island (1) evolved by low-pressure open-system fractional crystallisation of a small range of partial melts and (2) became more alkaline with time from Truk to Kusaie. The secular geochemical variation along the Caroline chain may represent a hotspot trace whose magma production was slowly declining over the past 14 m.y.
Production analysis in different time periods: An application of data envelopment analysis

Abstract This article explores a new application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for comparing performances in different time periods. The DEA multilateral comparison opens up a new efficiency concept referred to as “Overall Time Efficiency”, which is further broken down into four efficiency concepts in this study: overall efficiency, price efficiency, scale efficiency and time efficiency. A new DEA approach is also proposed to empirically measure these new efficiency concepts. Two data sets are used for illustrating such DEA applications to production analysis in different time periods.
Accuracy of structure-derived properties in simple comparative models of protein structures

The accuracy of comparative models of proteins is addressed here. A set of 12,732 single-template models of sequences of known high-resolution structures was built by an automated procedure. Accuracy of several structure-derived properties, such as surface area, residue accessibility, presence of pockets, electrostatic potential and others, was determined as a function of template:target sequence identity by comparing models with their corresponding experimental structures. As expected, the average accuracy of structure-derived properties always increases with higher template:target sequence identity, but the exact shape of this relationship can differ from one property to another. A comparison of structure-derived properties measured from NMR and X-ray structures of the same protein shows that for most properties, the NMR/X-ray difference is of the same order as the error in models based on approximately 40% template:target sequence identity. The exact sequence identity at which properties reach that accuracy varies between 25 and 50%, depending on the property being analyzed. A general characteristic of simple comparative models is that their surface has increased area as a consequence of being more rugged than that of experimental structures. This suggests that including solvent effects during model building or refinement could significantly improve the accuracy of surface properties in comparative models.
Non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis in a child with cartilage‐hair hypoplasia syndrome

We report an unusual pediatric case of cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) characterized by significantly impaired cellular immunity, recurrent sinopulmonary infections, severe non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and terminal liver failure. A 14-year-old boy was diagnosed clinically with CHH by age 1 year. His childhood was complicated by recurrent otitis media, bronchiectasis, and sinopulmonary infections due to bacteria and rare mold including Chaetomium. Immunological testing revealed absolute CD4 and CD8 count depletion. The diagnosis of CHH was confirmed by RNase mitochondrial RNA-processing (RMRP) gene testing, which demonstrated not only the typical mutation at position c70 but an additional atypical mutation at position c213. By age 14, he had a 3-year history of NASH. A diagnostic work-up could not demonstrate any common etiologies for fatty liver including infectious,autoimmune, mitochondrial or metabolic etiologies. The terminal events of this child's life included hepatic failure and Chaetomium pneumonia. NASH involves the inability of hepatocytes to clear fat vesicles. CHH is largely a disorder of cellular proliferation. RMRP functions in mitochondrial DNA synthesis and in cleaving pre-rRNA. This example of NASH with CHH raises the issue of whether the second, atypical mutation identified may be related to progressive liver disease, and whether the RMRP gene may have additional, currently unrecognized functions related to insulin resistance, liver metabolism or cellular immunity.
Activation of p21ras/MAPK Signal Transduction Molecules Decreases with Age in Mitogen-Stimulated T Cells from Rats

Signal transduction is ubiquitously involved in the initiation of physiological signals that lead to growth and proliferation of cells. The signaling cascade mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is considered essential for T cell growth and function. Therefore, it was of interest to determine the influence of age on the induction of MAPK in mitogen-activated T cells. T cells from young (4-6 months) and old (24-26 months) rats responded to concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation by increasing MAPK, c-jun amino terminal kinase (JNK), and p21ras activities. The time course of induction of MAPK/JNK and p21ras activities was similar in T cells isolated from young and old rats. The induction of JNK activity did not change significantly with age; however, the induction of MAPK and p21ras activities was significantly less (50 to 65%) in T cells from old rats than in T cells from young rats. Although the relative protein levels of p42 and p44 MAPK did not change with age, the proportion of the phosphorylated p44 MAPK decreased with age. In addition, it was found that the in vitro kinase activities of the T cell receptor-associated protein tyrosine kinase Lck (p56Lck) and ZAP-70 but not Fyn (p59Fyn) were lower in T cells from old rats than in T cells from young rats. The decline in activities of these signaling molecules with age was not associated with changes in their corresponding protein levels. Thus, our results demonstrate that aging alters the activation of the signal transduction cascade that leads to T cell activation.
Paleontological evidence of a brief global sea-level event during the last interglacial

A gently undulating to flat erosion surface with shallow-water borings and burrows is present in the midst of a Sangamonian (Eemian; marine oxygen isotope substage 5e) reefal facies on the islands of San Salvador and Great Inagua, Bahamas. Precise U/Th dating of corals above and below this surface show that it formed around 125-124 ka, and that the sea-level regressive-transgressive cycle which produced it lasted for 1500 years or less. The surface occurs on entirely carbonate rocks and has a low relief punctuated by erosional channels and karstic caves formed during the sea-level lowstand. A terra rossa paleosol, developed during that lowstand, partially fills a set of large lithophagid bivalve borings (Gastrochaenolites torpedo), showing that they were excavated during the regression. Rhizomorphs formed by plant roots occur on the erosion surface at Great Inagua. Extensive boring of the upward-facing surfaces occurred during the ensuing transgression, including a smaller G. torpedo and a clionid sponge boring (Entobia ovula). The bored surface is encrusted by a variety of shallow-water corals and, eventually, the re-established bank-barrier coral reefs. A sparse assemblage of serpulid worm and vermicularid gastropod tubes encrusted the channel and cave walls. Robust Ophiomorpha burrow systems occur within pockets of sediment in the coral facies both below and above the erosion surface. The channels and caves are filled with transgressive calcarenitic sediments in which occur numerous Ophiomorpha and Skolithos burrows. The ichnofossils on, below, and above this erosion surface are prominent indicators of a short-lived but significant global sea-level event.
Public Attitudes Regarding the Use of Residual Newborn Screening Specimens for Research

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Many state newborn screening (NBS) programs retain residual NBS bloodspots after the completion of screening. Potential uses for residual specimens include laboratory quality assurance, biomedical research, and, rarely, forensic applications. Our objective was to evaluate public opinion about the policies and practices relevant to the retention and use of residual bloodspots for biomedical research. METHODS: A total of 3855 respondents were recruited using 3 methods: focus groups ( n = 157), paper or telephone surveys ( n = 1418), and a Knowledge Networks panel ( n = 2280). Some participants ( n = 1769) viewed a 22-minute movie about the retention and use of residual specimens while other participants were provided only written information about this practice. All participants were surveyed using a 38-item questionnaire. RESULTS: A diverse set of participants was recruited. Respondents were very supportive of NBS in general and accepting of the use of residual bloodspots for important research activities. Respondents were evenly divided on the acceptability of NBS without parental permission, but the majority of respondents supported the use of an “opt-in” process for parental permission for residual bloodspot retention and use. Viewing the educational movie was associated with greater support for bloodspot retention and use. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the general public surveyed here was supportive of NBS and residual sample retention and research use. However, there was a clear preference for an informed permission process for parents regarding these activities. Education about NBS was associated with a higher level of support and may be important to maintain public trust in these important programs.
BARREN STALK FASTIGIATE1 Is an AT-Hook Protein Required for the Formation of Maize Ears

Ears are the seed-bearing inflorescences of maize (Zea mays) plants and represent a crucial component of maize yield. The first step in the formation of ears is the initiation of axillary meristems in the axils of developing leaves. In the classic maize mutant barren stalk fastigiate1 (baf1), first discovered in the 1950s, ears either do not form or, if they do, are partially fused to the main stalk. We positionally cloned Baf1 and found that it encodes a transcriptional regulator containing an AT-hook DNA binding motif. Single coorthologs of Baf1 are found in syntenic regions of brachypodium (Brachypodium distachyon), rice (Oryza sativa), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), suggesting that the gene is likely present in all cereal species. Protein‐ protein interaction assays suggest that BAF1 is capable of forming homodimers and heterodimers with other members of the AT-hook family. Another transcriptional regulator required for ear initiation is the basic helix-loop-helix protein BARREN STALK1 (BA1). Genetic and expression analyses suggest that Baf1 is required to reach a threshold level of Ba1 expression for the initiation of maize ears. We propose that Baf1 functions in the demarcation of a boundary region essential for the specification of a stem cell niche.
A spatio-temporal support vector machine searchlight for fMRI analysis

We apply support vector machines (SVMs) in the context of fMRI analysis, in order to identify brain regions that are predictive of the experimental conditions. For the spatial SVM, we use the data within local 3D windows, called a searchlight, to train an SVM classifier to distinguish different experimental protocol conditions. Brain regions with high classification accuracy are identified as being implicated in the experimental task. Similarly for the temporal SVM, we use temporal sequences for every voxel to train a classifier.
Thin-film superconducting inductors for power electronics

Superconducting thin-film inductors promise to be key elements in high-frequency, high-power density, high-efficiency power supplies. A thin-film (0.6 mu m-thick) YB/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ inductor capable of handling currents up to 12 A DC was found to have a Q value of 1300 at 260 MHz and 77 K, a factor of 20 higher than an identical inductor made of 15 mu m thick Cu; this improvement factor is shown to be >64 at lower frequencies (a few MHz). >
Treatment: Present Status and New Trends

Improvements in the understanding of the biochemical and molecular basis of inborn errors have led to significant improvements in our ability to treat many of these disorders. Such improvements, coupled with an ability to make more rapid diagnoses and advances in general medical care, particularly intensive care, are resulting in better long-term prognosis for many patients. However, the rarity of individual disorders has often made it difficult or impossible to obtain sufficient data for evidence-based assessment of treatments. This should be kept in mind when considering the efficacy of particular therapies. Anecdotal reports of improvements should be reviewed critically, but it is equally important to remain open to new advances. This chapter discusses recent progress in the development of treatments. We have also included a list of medications (with recommended dosages) that may be used in the treatment of inborn errors (Table 5.1). Readers should refer to the relevant chapters for detailed information about the management of specific disorders and to Chap. 4, “Psychosocial Care of the Child and Family”, for discussion of the psychological consequences of treatment.
LONG-TERM AS/SVE FOR PETROLEUM REMOVAL IN LOW-PERMEABILITY PIEDMONT SAPROLITE

A 3.5-year pilot test of air sparging/soil vapor extraction (AS/SVE) was carried out to determine whether the heterogeneity of the Piedmont saprolite would allow adequate soil vapor velocities and effective vapor-phase extraction rates for petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) remediation. The objectives were to compare: (1) the effectiveness of pulsed SVE versus pulsed AS/SVE operation; (2) benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) versus PHC removal; and (3) biological versus physical removal of PHC. Stack exhaust gas, SVE wells, and soil vapor probes were monitored for total combustible hydrocarbons (TCH), BTEX, O2 ,C O 2, temperature, and flow rate using handheld meters and gas chromatography. The majority of contaminant recov- ered was removed from the vadose zone via SVE. BTEX and TCH were both effectively removed from the more-permeable and highly contaminated unsaturated-saturated zone interface. Bioremediation accounted for 23% of total removal. Overall, the AS/SVE system physically removed an estimated 18,800 kg of PHC and 5,300 g of BTEX with an average rate of 70 kg d 21 and 0.4 g d 21 , respectively, which was consistent with other AS/SVE studies in sandy media.
Inductor Modeling in Wireless Links for Implantable Electronics

This paper describes the ac power dissipation of coils as well as their self-capacitance, self-resonant frequency, and quality factor Q. In the past, self-resonant frequency was rarely calculated during design because of the lack of suitable closed-form design equations. However, coils are widely used in biomedical applications as inductive links for both power and data, and the power transfer capacity and the data rate of inductive links are determined by the operating frequency of the coils. The maximum operating frequency is limited by the self-resonant frequency of the coil. We present here an analytical express for the optimal frequency of a coil in terms of the design parameters. By varying the design parameters, we can move the optimal frequency close to the operating frequency, thereby boosting the efficiency of the inductive link. We have verified the derivation experimentally and shown it to be useful in optimizing coil Index performance.
A Preclinical and Clinical Study of Lithium in Low-Grade Neuroendocrine Tumors

Background. Low-grade neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) respond poorly to chemotherapy; effective, less toxic therapies are needed. Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 has been shown to regulate growth and hormone production in NETs. Use of lithium chloride in murine models suppressed carcinoid cell growth, reduced GSK-3 levels, and reduced expression of chromogranin A. This study assessed the efficacy of lithium chloride in patients with NETs. Design. Eligible patients had low-grade NETs. A single-arm, open-label phase II design was used. Lithium was dosed at 300 mg orally three times daily, titrated to serum levels of 0.8–1.0 mmol/L. The primary endpoint was objective tumor response by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Secondary endpoints included overall survival, progression-free survival, GSK-3 phosphorylation, and toxicity. Results. Fifteen patients were enrolled between Octo
Elbow arthroscopic surgery update for sports medicine conditions

Elbow arthroscopic surgery can now effectively treat a variety of conditions that affect athletes. Advances in instrumentation, increased surgeon familiarity, and expanded indications have led to significant growth in elbow arthroscopic surgery in the past few decades. While positioning, portal placement, and specific instruments may vary among surgeons, anatomic considerations guide surgical approaches to minimize neurovascular compromise. Arthroscopic procedures vary in difficulty, and surgeons should follow stepwise advancement with experience. Removal of loose bodies, debridement of synovial plicae, and debridement of the extensor carpi radialis brevis for lateral epicondylitis are considered simple procedures for novice elbow arthroscopic surgeons. More advanced procedures include management of osteochondritis dissecans, valgus extension overload in the throwing athlete, and capsular release. With proper technique, a variety of athletic elbow conditions can be treated arthroscopically with predictabl...
Evaluation of an adaptive online learning system

We assessed the effectiveness of an adaptive online learning system for student learning and outcomes in undergraduate anatomy and physiology courses. Across six institutions of higher education, we compared improvement on posttests relative to pretests, grade distributions and retention between treatment sections using LearnSmart, an adaptive learning system developed by McGraw Hill Higher Education (MHHE), and control sections given questions online from an MHHE test bank. Overall, we found no significant improvement in any metric between sections using LearnSmart and those given online questions. There were significant differences among schools, with two of the six schools showing consistently better results in the treatment sections relative to the controls. We could not identify any particular differences between these schools and those not showing improvement. We speculate that this adaptive learning system may perform best when course goals are closely aligned with texts and the adaptive learning system. Practitioner Notes What is already known about this topic Computer-assisted learning has been successful in many fields., Computer-assisted learning has been generally successful in anatomy and physiology., We are the first to test the effects of adaptive learning in anatomy and physiology., What this paper adds We find no general improvement of adaptive learning versus extra quiz questions., Any improvement appears to be institution/course specific., Implications for practice and/or policy We found no specific factors related to improvement or not when using an adaptive learning system., We speculate that benefits of the system tested only accrue when the course learning objectives closely match those of the textbook and adaptive learning system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Exploring set size effects in scenes: Identifying the objects of search

Traditional search paradigms utilize simple displays, allowing a precise determination of set size. However, objects in realistic scenes are largely uncountable, and typically visually and semantically complex. Can traditional conceptions of set size be applied to search in realistic scenes? Observers searched quasirealistic scenes for a tank target hidden among tree distractors varying in number and density. Search efficiency improved as trees were added to the display, a reverse set size effect. Eye movement analyses revealed that observers fixated individual trees when the set size was small, and the open regions between trees when the set size was large. Rather than a set size consisting of objectively countable objects, we interpret these data as evidence for a restricted functional set size consisting of idiosyncratically defined objects of search. Observers exploit low-level perceptual grouping processes and high-level semantic scene constraints to dynamically create objects that are appropriate to a given search task.
Thiazides and Calcium Stones: Overrated or Underused?

The lifetime incidence of urolithiasis is approximately 10–15 % in the USA, with calcium-containing stones the most common offender. Among recurrent stone formers, thiazide-type diuretics have traditionally represented first-line therapy for prevention of recurrent calcium stones. However, with improved understanding of the benefits of lifestyle modification and alternative therapies for stone prevention, the utility of thiazides as first-line agents has recently come into question. This chapter will explore the rational for thiazide usage in the prevention of recurrent calcium stone disease, evaluate the evidence in favor of and against thiazides as first-line therapy, and finally examine the cost-effective use of thiazides and their comparative effectiveness to alternative forms of treatment.
Measurement of Compounds of Vit. B6 Group in Blood.

SummaryA study of fluorescent characteristics of pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine under selected conditions has been presented. These have been applied to acetone extracts of standard solutions and whole blood with quantitative identification of all 3 components of the Vit. B6 group. Data show that human blood contains pyridoxal and pyridoxamine. These two components can be made to increase to a limited maximal concentration of saturation upon the oral administration of pyridoxine.
Nuclear Energy Levels of C 13 ; Two-Stage Reaction N 14 ( t , n ) O 1 6 * ( α ) C 12

Alpha spectra from the triton bombardment of natural nitrogen were studied at laboratory angles of 30 and 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} with a double-focusing magnetic spectrometer. Observation of alpha groups from ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}(t, \ensuremath{\alpha}){\mathrm{C}}^{13}$ allowed the positions of energy levels in ${\mathrm{C}}^{13}$ to be investigated up to an excitation energy of 12.5 MeV. In addition to previously well-determined levels at lower excitations, levels were observed at 10.736, 10.809, 11.000, 11.078, 11.721, and 12.131 Mev. Standard deviations in these values ranged from 0.020 to 0.030 MeV. Previously reported levels at 5.51, 6.10, and 10.47 MeV were not seen. Certain structural features of the alpha continuum underlying ${\mathrm{C}}^{13}$ groups could be tentatively identified with alpha groups from the two-stage reaction ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}(t, n){\mathrm{O}}^{16*}(\ensuremath{\alpha}){\mathrm{C}}^{12}$ proceeding through known levels in ${\mathrm{O}}^{16}$ near 15-MeV excitation. Cross sections are reported for various features of the alpha spectra as well as for corresponding features of the proton spectra.
Abstract 2507: Triple agent therapy combining radiation with AMG479 (IGF1R antibody) and panitumumab (EGFR antibody) in a head and neck tumor model

PURPOSE: The combination of radiation with concurrent chemotherapy improves local-regional control and overall survival in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, its acute and chronic toxicity have raised concerns and thereby prompted the search for more biologically sound therapeutic strategy, e.g., targeting receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that are differentially expressed between tumors and normal tissues. The current study tested the therapeutic benefits of co-targeting two RTKs, namely, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by panitumumab (Pmab) and insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGF-1R) by AMG479 to enhance tumor response to radiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A HNSCC model, FaDu, was used for assessing the effects of AMG479, and Pmab to improve tumor response to radiation by in vitro clonogenic cell survival assay and in vivo tumor growth delay assay. Various doses and administration scheduling of these agents relevant to radiation were tested. RESULTS: In vitro study showed that Pmab significantly enhanced the radiosensitivity of FaDu with an enhancement factor (EF) of 1.4 at 0.5 survival fraction. AMG479 given alone or concurrently with Pmab had no affects in normal (10% serum) culture media. In vivo xenograft studies showed that Pmab or AMG479 given as single agent enhanced the tumor response to fractionated radiation (2 Gy twice a day for 6 d) in a dose and schedule dependent manner. The maximum EF was 1.1 for AMG479 and 1.7 for Pmab. The effects of combining Pmab and AMG479 with radiation depended markedly on the scheduling. The best effects were achieved when (1) Pmab and AMG479 were given concurrently daily starting 4 d before radiation for a total of 15 days resulting in an EF of 3.0 or (2) Pmab and AMG479 were given sequentially commencing Pmab 4 d before radiation for 15 d and AMG479 after completion of radiation also for 15 d yielding an EF of 2.9. However, administering AMG479 before radiation followed by Pmab was much less effective (EF: 2.0). CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed Pmab enhanced FaDu response to radiation. AMG479 markedly increased tumor response when given together or following Pmab, in conjunction with radiation. These findings provide the rationale for clinical testing of the combination of Pmab and AMG479 for the treatment of HNSCC along with the most promising regimen of administration. Supported by Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2507. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2507
Effect of Rice Water Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Pythium spp. on Water-Seeded Rice

Four field trials were conducted during 1988 and 1989 to determine the relationship between the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptros oryzophilus Kuschel, and Pythium spp. in the development of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) feeder root necrosis. The data supported other findings that indicated Pythium spp. were not pathogenic when soil temperatures averaged >300°C; however, Pythium spp. were found to cause preemergence damping-off in early seeded rice. The study failed to establish a relationship between rice water weevil and Pythium spp. in the development of root disease caused by Pythium spp. in rice. During the period when rice water weevil populations reached damaging levels in the field, temperature conditions were unfavorable for root infection by Pythium spp. Rice water weevil damage significantly reduced rice yield in 1988. In 1989, rice yield losses were reduced because early seeding avoided high rice water weevil infestations.
A note on Rayleigh-wave flattening corrections

The effects of sphericity and gravity upon Rayleigh-wave dispersion are examined. The widely used empirical correction of Bolt and Dorman (1961), although originally determined from a limited set of earth models, appears to predict phase-velocity curves in a spherical gravitating earth from flat earth calculations to almost 1 per cent accuracy, as claimed, for five earth models chosen to reproduce the considerable range of observed dispersion. Its application in the past therefore does not seem likely to have introduced large errors in inversion of such dispersion to determine earth structure. The use of spherical gravitating earth normal mode calculations in computing dispersion is strongly urged: for those without access to the computing facilities required by the complexity of the numerical problem a new empirical correction based on flat earth group velocity is proposed. This predicts Rayleigh-wave phase velocity dispersion in a spherical gravitating earth to better than 0.4 per cent in the period range 10 to 200 sec. Even better precision can be obtained by application of the tables of corrections given for different types of crustal and upper mantle structures.
'They the People': A Comment on U.S. Term Limits v. Thornton

This Comment was prepared for the conference on "Major Issues in Federalism," held at the University of Arizona College of Law in March 1996. The Comment discusses an irony which, it argues, is at the center of both the majority's opinion in U.S. Term Limits v. Thornton (1995) and of strong nationalism generally: populist pretensions notwithstanding, the only thing the Term Limits majority and other believers in strong nationalism fear more than the states is the People. They are not "progressives" in either the modern or the historical sense of the term. They are merely elitists.
A town with case-control study of hepatitis a outbreak reasons

Objective Understand the villages and towns hepatitis a outbreak situation,describe the epidemiological characteristics,identify the cause of the outbreak,to help the local relevant departments targeted to take measures to contain the outbreak continued to spread.Methods Establish case definition,for case search,using the basic methods of epidemiology on November 6~2012 the township hepatitis a outbreak data statistical analysis,in view of the risk factors for case control study.Results Present space and time relative to gather the villages and towns hepatitis a outbreak,aged 3~42 cases,with an average age of about 9 years old;Vocational students the most,farmer's(work) in the time;Mainly concentrated in three natural villages and 1 elementary school,appear many family,village gathered themselves together,and 54.00 % of the cases with epidemiological link between;Most report period in September and October for The Times.Popular curve prompt outbreak from proliferation mode.Conclusions The villages and towns hepatitis a outbreak has amounted to a public health emergency information reporting standards,this is the major cause of the outbreak appears after hepatitis a patients failed to timely diagnosis,report,isolation,control effectively;Some local residents in food,drink and to wash their hands etc personal comprehensive health bad behavior habits.
Analysis on Wide Compatibility and Allelism of Local Rice Varieties in Guizhou

The wide compatibility of Huangkejingzhan and Baikejingzhan rice varieties(IR36 and Qiuguang as the indica and japonica tester variety separately) and F1 spikelet and pollen fertility between Huangkejingzhan and Baikejingzhan varieties and other 7 varieties with the wide compatibility were investigated.The results show that they have the neutral allele of S5-n at S5 locus and F1 spikelet and pollen fertility can be divided into four types,that is higher spikelet and pollen fertility,normal spikelet fertility and low pollen fertility,low spikelet fertility and normal pollen fertility and low spikelet and pollen fertility.
Tasks Associated to the Treatment of Tables at Elementary School and Its Level of Difficulty

It has been argued that some types of tables should be presented to students who are at least 12 years old. Research has also shown that various types of tables and their interpretations demand different cognitive resources, and that it is relevant to explain that not all tables are the same, and not all students understand in the same way. In 2010, two Chilean studies, referred to pedagogical content knowledge, showed that treatment of tables presents difficulties for teachers and students. This research analyses various tasks associated to the treatment of tables at elementary school and its level of difficulty, according to Curcio's taxonomy.
Who Was Who In Native American History: Indians and Non-Indians From Early Contacts Through 1900

Spanning more than four centuries, Who Was Who in Native American History identifies everyone who has had an impact on Native American history from 1492 to the start of the twentieth century.
The Heritage of Russian Involvement inSouth Africa: The Anglo-Boer War

It is pleasing for me to know that the ultimate means of deciding the course of the war in South Africa lies entirely in my hands.(Czar Nicholas II, 1899)
A case report of embryo donation: ethical and clinical implications for psychologists

Third-party reproduction is a growing field, and an increasing body of literature considers the ethics of embryo donation. Due to the psychosocial complexities that generally accompany the donation and/or use of donor embryos, psychologists can play a pivotal role in these specialised fertility cases. While laws in the USA are in place to regulate the medical procedures involved in embryo donation, only unenforceable guidelines exist for psychologists specialising in fertility cases. The presentation of this case study aims to: (1) clarify the ethical concerns that fertility psychologists should consider in similar situations by assessing whether American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) and the American Psychological Association (APA) guidelines compete or complement one another within this case of embryo donation and (2) consider the interests, obligations and rights of all parties involved. Several principles, standards and guidelines that must be considered are described. Overall, the APA Ethics Code and the ASRM Guidelines appear to complement one another for most aspects of this case. Fertility psychologists should consider the clinical implications of the interests, rights and duties of all involved parties, including themselves.
African Coalitions and Global Economic Governance

The proliferation of international institutions with overlapping scope and authority over issue areas creates strategic dilemmas for all states. While African states are often considered marginalised in world politics and global markets, Michael Byron Nelson shows how coalitions can form a crucial part of African strategies to influence international institutions and achieve results. Building a bottom-up analysis of global governance, through legal analysis, content analysis, and in-depth interviews, Nelson illuminates institutional and coalition dynamics through case studies of three key areas - food safety, intellectual property, and agricultural trade. He highlights the difficulties encountered by coalitions attempting to navigate institutional systems, emerging from institutional thickness (increasing the number of institutions involved) and integration (increasing the formal linkages between those institutions). Finally, Nelson shows how increasing the hierarchy of an institutional system, by creating a focal point on a single institution, can make coordination easier for coalitions.
Suicide Risk Assessment and Intervention: Considerations for Rehabilitation Providers

Suicide is the tenth leading cause of death in the United States (US) [1]. The classification system provides a comprehensive taxonomy of terms and definitions that facilitates providers and researchers having a common understanding and language for suicidal thoughts and behaviors [2]. The following terms and definitions are from the SDV Classification System and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [2, 3].
An Adaptive Core-Specific Runtime for Energy Efficiency

Energy efficiency in high performance computing (HPC) will be critical to limit operating costs and carbon footprints in future supercomputing centers. Energy efficiency of a computation can be improved by reducing time to completion without a substantial increase in power drawn or by reducing power with a little increase in time to completion. We present an Adaptive Core-specific Runtime (ACR) that dynamically adapts core frequencies to workload characteristics, and show examples of both reductions in power and improvement in the average performance. This improvement in energy efficiency is obtained without changes to the application. The adaptation policy embedded in the runtime uses existing core-specific power controls like software-controlled clock modulation and per-core Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling (DVFS) introduced in Intel Haswell. Experiments on six standard MPI benchmarks and a real world application show an overall 20% improvement in energy efficiency with less than 1% increase in execution time on 32 nodes (1024 cores) using per-core DVFS. An improvement in energy efficiency of up to 42% is obtained with the real world application ParaDis through a combination of speedup and power reduction. For one configuration, ParaDis achieves an average speedup of 11%, while the power is lowered by about 31%. The average improvement in the performance seen is a direct result of the reduction in run-to-run variation and running at turbo frequencies.
Advances in high frequency strategies

This doctoral dissertation, in the field of Mathematical Finance, has received Complutense University-s Ph.D. Prize for the academic year 2011/2012. It is also the author s second Ph.D. dissertation. His first Ph.D.s dissertation was in the field of Financial Economics, and was published in 2003 (https www.educacion.gob.es/teseo/mostrarRef.do ref 295773).Recent legislative changes in the United States (RegNMS) and Europe (MiFID), preceded by substantial technological advances in computation and communication, have been conducive to the proliferation of high frequency trading strategies. About 70 por ciento of the total transacted volume in stocks has been estimated to originate from high frequency operators. In futures markets, that figure is believed to exceed 50%. The goal of this doctoral dissertation is to examine, from a mathematical perspective, how market microstructure theories need to be adjusted to the new high frequency trading framework. Chapter I explains that current market participants follow a volume or transactional clock, as opposed to operating in chronological time. Much of market microstructure theory is built upon the paradigm of chronological time, and must therefore be re-formulated. Our approach generalizes the PIN Theory of Easley and O Hara (1996), by proposing a new estimate of the Probability of Informed Trading based on volume-time sampling, thus consistent with a high-frequency setting. Chapter II demonstrates that returns- volatility is partially caused by order flow toxicity, and that sampling order imbalance in volume-clock has predictive power over that toxicity-induced volatility.Chapter III shows that volume-time order imbalance reached an extreme value two hours before the May 6th 2010 flash crash, and that da-s 10 por ciento price plunge is likely to be the consequence of a liquidity crisis triggered by order flow toxicity.
Abstract 17342: The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events Risk Score Predicts Mortality in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and Abnormal Serum Troponin

Introduction: Almost 20% of patients with acute ischemic stroke have abnormal serum troponin I (TnI) levels, which are associated with increased mortality. Previous studies provide limited evidence...
The informational role of options markets: Evidence from FOMC announcements

Abstract This paper examines the informational role of equity options trading around Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) announcements. We find that information contained in option trades prior to FOMC rate change announcements, measured as implied volatility spread, predicts bank stock returns to a greater degree than does volatility spread prior to non-meeting days. We examine U.S. banks due to their interest rate sensitivity; however, we also show that return predictability around rate changes is reliably stronger in all firms, across all industries that are more interest rate sensitive. We find that return predictability is primarily driven by surprise changes in interest rates that occur during meetings with high degrees of information asymmetry. Finally, we document that volatility spread impounds information about FOMC meetings before that information is reflected in stock prices; this effect is significantly greater during surprise events, suggesting that the options market is an important source of informed trading.
Analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of malaria in an area of Northern Guatemala with seasonal malaria transmission.

The risk of malaria infection displays spatial and temporal variability that is likely due to interaction between the physical environment and the human population. In this study, we performed a spatial analysis at three different time points, corresponding to three cross-sectional surveys conducted as part of an insecticide-treated bed nets efficacy study, to reveal patterns of malaria incidence distribution in an area of Northern Guatemala characterized by low malaria endemicity. A thorough understanding of the spatial and temporal patterns of malaria distribution is essential for targeted malaria control programs. Two methods, the local Moran's I and the Getis-Ord G*(d), were used for the analysis, providing two different statistical approaches and allowing for a comparison of results. A distance band of 3.5 km was considered to be the most appropriate distance for the analysis of data based on epidemiological and entomological factors. Incidence rates were higher at the first cross-sectional survey conducted prior to the intervention compared to the following two surveys. Clusters or hot spots of malaria incidence exhibited high spatial and temporal variations. Findings from the two statistics were similar, though the G*(d) detected cold spots using a higher distance band (5.5 km). The high spatial and temporal variability in the distribution of clusters of high malaria incidence seems to be consistent with an area of unstable malaria transmission. In such a context, a strong surveillance system and the use of spatial analysis may be crucial for targeted malaria control activities.
STUDIES OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF POLYCRYSTALLINE GRAPHITE AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

Apparatus has been constructed for determining the thermal conductivity of graphite at temperatures from 1200°C up to 3000°C and at pressures varying from slightly above atmospheric to reduced pressures of high vacuum. Allowance for thermal expansion of the test specimens has been provided, thus eliminating any loading stresses within the rod. No excessive sublimation of the graphite at the elevated temperatures preventing measurements under low pressures has been experienced. A good reproducibility in successive runs has been obtained. In the high temperature range, the thermal conductivity of porous graphite was found to be pressure dependent—a decrease in conductivity was found as the pressure of the gas (nitrogen or argon) in the test chamber was reduced. The thermal conductivity and the electrical resistivity of graphite made from various carbon materials was determined in the temperature range of 1000°–3000°C.
An introduction to the Discontinuous Galerkin method for convection-dominated problems

In these notes, we study the Runge Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin method for numericaly solving nonlinear hyperbolic systems and its extension for convection-dominated problems, the so-called Local Discontinuous Galerkin method. Examples of problems to which these methods can be applied are the Euler equations of gas dynamics, the shallow water equations, the equations of magneto-hydrodynamics, the compressible Navier-Stokes equations with high Reynolds numbers, and the equations of the hydrodynamic model for semiconductor device simulation. The main features that make the methods under consideration attractive are their formal high-order accuracy, their nonlinear stability, their high parallelizability, their ability to handle complicated geometries, and their ability to capture the discontinuities or strong gradients of the exact solution without producing spurious oscillations. The purpose of these notes is to provide a short introduction to the devising and analysis of these discontinuous Galerkin methods.
Public Administration's Utopia: Analysis Using Critical Theories

(2013). Public Administration's Utopia. Administrative Theory & Praxis: Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 598-608.
Optimal Recoverable Mutual Exclusion Using only FASAS

Recent research has focused on designing concurrent algorithms that are resilient to process crashes. The idea is to leverage non-volatile memory so that processes can recover from crashes with as little disruption to the normal behavior of the system as possible. We present the first Recoverable Mutual Exclusion algorithm whose Remote Memory Reference (RMR) complexity is optimal for both Cache-Coherent (CC) and Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) machines. If a process fails f times during its attempt to acquire the Critical Section, our algorithm ensures that the process incurs O(1) RMRs on a DSM machine and O(f) RMRs on a CC machine, which we prove is an optimal bound. Our algorithm improves on a recent algorithm by Golab and Hendler in three ways: It has a provably optimal RMR complexity, has a wait-free Exit section, and less reliance on instructions that are not commonly supported on multiprocessors. In particular, Golab and Hendler’s algorithm relies on hardware support for both Fetch-And-Store-And-Store (FASAS) and Double-Word Compare-And-Swap (DCAS), while our algorithm relies only on FASAS. (If X and Y are shared variables and v is a value, FASAS(X, Y, v) writes X’s value in Y and writes v in X, all in a single atomic action.)
Troposphere–Stratosphere Coupling Following Tropospheric Blocking and Extratropical Cyclones

AbstractA climatology of the 100- and 250-hPa 45°–75°N zonal-mean meridional eddy heat flux anomaly, hereafter heat flux anomaly, was created to examine its variability following cool-season (i.e.,...