cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Superresolution using supergrowth and intensity contrast imaging

This article explores the possibility of another kind of superresolution functionality that exists in superoscillatory functions besides the “faster than Fourier” feature. We posit the ability to resolve images with resolution beyond the wavelength of light used via the exponentially rising and falling parts of superoscillatory and related functions. We give some preliminary results that this technique can indeed be useful using intensity contrast imaging. The exponential growth or decay of these functions can give higher resolution of the image, provided the rate of falloff is faster than the smallest wavenumber of the light that is used: “supergrowth”. One limitation of this proposal is the high dynamic range the detector would need to possess to map out several decades of intensity. An outstanding question is to find the optimal image reconstruction method using a superoscillatory point spread function that makes optimal use of the function’s unique properties. We give a number of conjectures about this new kind of supergrowth imaging technique as an outlook for future research.
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor exposures as an initiating factor in the development of Gulf War Illness, a chronic neuroimmune disorder in deployed veterans

Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic multi-symptom disorder, characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, pain, cognitive and memory impairment, respiratory, skin and gastrointestinal problems, that is experienced by approximately one-third of 1991 Gulf War veterans. Over the nearly three decades since the end of the war, investigators have worked to elucidate the initiating factors and underlying causes of GWI. A significant portion of this research has indicated a strong correlation between GWI and exposure to a number of different acetycholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) in theater, such as sarin and cyclosarin nerve agents, chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos pesticides, and the anti-nerve agent prophylactic pyridostigmine bromide. Through studying these exposures and their relationship to the symptoms presented by ill veterans, it has become increasingly apparent that GWI is the likely result of an underlying neuroimmune disorder. While evidence indicates that AChEIs are a key exposure in the development of GWI, particularly organophosphate AChEIs, the mechanism(s) by which these chemicals instigate illness appears to be related to "off-target", non-cholinergic effects. In this review, we will discuss the role of AChEI exposure in the development and persistence of GWI; in particular, how these chemicals, combined with other exposures, have led to a chronic neuroimmune disorder. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: From Bench to Bedside to Battlefield'.
Knowledge of and Preferences for Long Cane Components: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study

This article reviews the literature on the various components of long canes and reports on a study of the knowledge and preferences of 100 adults with visual impairments regarding the various components and types of canes. Results indicated that the terrain of a route, weather conditions, mobility demand, and purpose of an outing are important factors when choosing a cane. Since the 1990s, there has been an expansion in the choice of long canes and their components (grips, tips, shafts, and coatings). People who are visually impaired (that is, are blind or have low vision) and the orientation and mobility (O&M) instructors who serve them have a greater selection than ever before in both the design of canes and the materials of which they are constructed. This larger variety means that it is possible to construct a cane that is matched to the preferences of a traveler who is visually impaired for a specific physical, travel, or environmental factor. To facilitate this capacity in persons who are visually impaired, certified O&M specialists must have accurate information on the components of canes that are available, their physical properties, and their performance under real-life conditions.
Design Considerations for High-Voltage Insulated Gate Drive Power Supply for 10-kV SiC MOSFET Applied in Medium-Voltage Converter

High-performance gate drive power supply (GDPS) plays a crucial role in ensuring the reliability and safety of the gate driver for power semiconductor devices. This article focuses on the design of a high-voltage-insulated GDPS for the 10-kV silicon carbide MOSFET in medium-voltage (MV) application. Design considerations, including insulation scheme, high-voltage-insulated transformer design, and load voltage regulation scheme, are proposed. In addition, the performance of the secondary-side-regulated (SSR) GDPS and that of the primary-side-regulated (PSR) GDPS are compared for several aspects, including interwinding capacitance, load voltage regulation rate, conversion efficiency, and hardware complexity. Finally, an SSR GDPS and a PSR GDPS, with an insulation voltage of 20 kV, are built in the lab. The test results demonstrate that the PSR GDPS is more preferable because of lower interwinding capacitance, lower load voltage regulation rate, higher conversion efficiency, and simpler control circuit.
Application of Telemedicine in Research (Clinical Trial Case)

Telemedicine has significantly changed the way patient-physician interactions occur. Conventionally used for the purpose of physician consultation and delivery of healthcare, telemedicine is currently being implemented in a limited capacity for the purpose of research as well.
Switching an active site helix in dihydrofolate reductase reveals limits to sub-domain modularity

Abstract To what degree are individual structural elements within proteins modular such that similar structures from unrelated proteins can be interchanged? We study sub-domain modularity by creating 20 chimeras of an enzyme, E. coli dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), in which a catalytically important, 10-residue α-helical sequence is replaced by α-helical sequences from a diverse set of proteins. The chimeras stably fold but have a range of diminished thermal stabilities and catalytic activities. Evolutionary coupling analysis indicates that the residues of this α-helix are under selection pressure to maintain catalytic activity in DHFR. We performed molecular dynamics simulations using replica exchange with solute-tempering. Chimeras with low catalytic activity exhibit non-helical conformations that block the binding site and disrupt the positioning of the catalytically essential residue D27. Simulation observables and in vitro measurements of thermal stability and substrate binding affinity are strongly correlated. Several E. coli strains with chromosomally integrated chimeric DHFRs can grow, with growth rates that follow predictions from a kinetic flux model that depends on the intracellular abundance and catalytic activity of DHFR. Our findings show that although α-helices are not universally substitutable, the molecular and fitness effects of modular segments can be predicted by the biophysical compatibility of the replacement segment.
Carbon monoxide exposures in wildland firefighters in the United States and targets for exposure reduction.

Background Every year thousands of wildland firefighters (WFFs) work to suppress wildfires to protect public safety, health, and property. Although much effort has been put toward mitigating air pollutant exposures for the public and WFFs, the current burden in this worker population is unclear as are the most effective exposure reduction strategies. Objective Quantify fireline carbon monoxide (CO) exposures in WFFs and identify predictors of exposures. Methods We collected 1-min breathing zone CO measurements on 246 WFFs assigned to fires between 2015 and 2017. We used generalized estimating equations to evaluate predictors of CO exposure. Results Approximately 5% of WFFs had fireline CO exposure means exceeding the National Wildfire Coordinating Group's occupational exposure limit of 16 ppm. Relative to operational breaks, direct suppression-related job tasks were associated with 56% (95% CI: 47%, 65%) higher geometric mean CO concentrations, adjusted for incident type, crew type, and fire location. WFF perception of smoke exposure was a strong predictor of measured CO exposure. Significance Specific job tasks related to direct suppression and WFF perceptions of smoke exposure are potential opportunities for targeted interventions aimed at minimizing exposure to smoke.
The latitudinal dependence in the trend of snow event to precipitation event ratio.

Precipitation phase is expected to shift from solid to liquid with temperature rising, which would in turn bring challenges to regional water resource management. Although in recent decades, consistent decreasing trends in the ratio of snowfall to precipitation rate in a warming climate have been found across multiple regions, a global view of the trends in the precipitation partitioning has not been established. In this study, we investigated the global trends of annual rain and snow frequency of occurrences and the ratio of number of snow events to number of precipitation events (SE/PE ratio) using land station and shipboard synoptic present weather reports from 1978 to 2019. Results show that when averaged over all qualified land stations and over the shipboard reports, both the annual rain frequency and snow frequency decrease over the 42 years. Over both land and ocean, the averaged SE/PE ratio has a significant decreasing trend. Moreover, the trend of SE/PE ratio shows a strong latitudinal dependence. At the mid- and low latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, the SE/PE ratio has a decreasing trend. In contrast, at high latitudes, the SE/PE ratio has an increasing trend.
Odds of return: a prospective study using provider assessment to predict short-term patient return visits to the emergency department.

Objective Previous studies have assessed patient-level characteristics associated with emergency department (ED) return visits, but none have used provider assessment. We prospectively investigate whether clinical providers could accurately predict ED return visits. Methods Prospective cohort study. Setting Single academically affiliated urban county hospital. Participants Discharged ED patients over a 14-month period with a provider assessment of the likelihood of patient return within 7 days of ED discharge. Main outcome measures The primary outcome of interest was a return visit to the ED within 7 days. Additional outcome measures included a return visit within 72 hours and a return visit resulting in admission. We also measured the accuracy of provider gestalt, and provide measures of sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios. Results Of the 11 922 ED discharges included in this study, providers expected 2116 (17.7%) to result in a return visit within 7 days. Providers were much more likely to perceive a return visit if the patient left against medical advice (OR: 5.97, 95% CI: 4.67 to 7.62), or was homeless (OR: 5.69, 95% CI: 5.14 to 6.29). Patients who actually returned were also more likely to be homeless, English speaking and to have left the ED against medical advice on the initial encounter. The strongest predictor of a return visit at both 72 hours and 7 days in multivariable modelling was provider assessment (OR: 3.77, 95% CI: 3.25 to 4.37; OR: 3.72, 95% CI: 3.29 to 4.21, respectively). Overall sensitivity and specificity of provider gestalt as a measure of patient return within 7 days were 47% and 87%, respectively. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 3.51 and 0.61, respectively. Conclusions Clinician assessment was the strongest predictor of a return visit in this dataset. Clinician assessment may be used as a way to screen patients during the index visit and enrol them in efforts to decrease return visits.
Distinctive Components in Catholic Education

The central issue of this book is the coherence of the claim that Catholic education is both distinctive and inclusive. Are these two features of Catholic education, distinctiveness and inclusiveness, compatible, and, if so, how is their relationship to be understood? Does the claim to offer a distinctive philosophy of education, one which is seen as requiring, in the context of this country, the provision of separate, denominational schools, necessarily entail a degree of exclusiveness on the part of the Catholic Church? How does the claim that ‘to be Catholic is to be inclusive’ relate to the claim to be distinctive?
Metabolic and Kinetic Compartments of the Cell Cycle Distinguished by Multiparameter Flow Cytometry

All cellular constituents double in content during the cell cycle. With few exceptions (DNA, histones, other nuclear proteins or enzymes associated with DNA replication) their synthesis proceeds continuously, although often at varying rates throughout interphase. Therefore, at a given point of the cell cycle, the content of a particular constituent is a reflection of its rate of synthesis (prior to this point) and turnover. Accumulation of the product is also influenced by the rate of cell division inasmuch as during cytokinesis all constituents are divided between daughter cells and thus their content per cell is reduced two-fold. When cells undergo differentiation, unbalanced growth or enter quiescence, the respective rates of accumulation of particular products additionally change in relation to DNA replication (content). The association between cell growth measured by accumulation of some of these products (e.g. RNA or proteins) and cell progression through the DNA division cycle has been a subject of extensive investigation (reviews, 1–3). Yet, the exact nature of this association, especially the cause-effect relationship between cell growth and initiation of DNA replication, is still unclear (e.g. see 4).
Why the Rule-of-Law Dictates That the Exclusionary Rule Should Apply in Full Force to Immigration Proceedings

This article discusses how and why the exclusionary rule should apply in the immigration context. The first part of the article sets out the history of the exclusionary rule in immigration proceedings, starting prior to the Lopez-Mendoza decision, moving to the decision itself, and then discussing how the lower courts have interpreted the decision. Next, the article examines how the cost-benefit analysis that the Supreme Court used in Lopez-Mendoza to determine that the exclusionary rule need not apply in removal hearings would come out much differently if the Court weighed those same factors today. The article then considers how the increased involvement of state and local law enforcement in the enforcement of immigration law has brought about even more changes to the immigration law landscape. The article concludes with the argument that the cost-benefit analysis should be abandoned when trying to determine whether the exclusionary rule should apply in immigration proceedings, and, instead, the exclusionary rule should apply in full force to immigration proceedings based on the application of the rule-of-law principles that the exclusionary rule was originally designed to protect.
Atypical Depression Following Maternal Deprivation

Among the therapy resistant depressed patients, there is a group of “chronic depressions” that might meet the DSM-III criteria for Dysthymic Disorder with or without superimposed major depressive episodes or at times can be only classified as “Atypical Depressions”.
Volume Queries in Polyhedra

We present a simple and practical data structure for storing a (not necessarily convex) polyhedron P which can, given a query surface S cutting the polyhedron, determine the volume and the area of the portion of the polyhedron above S. The queries are answered in a time linear in the size (complexity) of S. The space and preprocessing time for this data structure are linear in the size of P. We also present an intermediary data structure for planar graphs which is of use in other application domains.
Choledocholithiasis: A clinical study of one hundred nine patients operated upon

Abstract 1. 1. A series of 109 cases of exploration of the common duct for stones is added to the literature for the statistical value which it may afford. 2. 2. The pathological physiology of the extrahepatic bile ducts was discussed. 3. 3. The value of choledochographic studies was illustrated and the postoperative use of this method was adopted as a routine procedure. 4. 4. By the use of intraductal ether and by the administration of amyl nitrite, fragmentation and expulsion of an overlooked stone was accomplished in four cases. 5. 5. A group of cases upon whom secondary operations on the common bile duct were performed was analyzed. In eleven cases there were recurrent stones. Three of these cases had normal choledochograms after the first operation. We believe that continued infection within the duct or disturbance in metabolism may be the cause of reformation of stones in the duct. 6. 6. Hospital deaths were analyzed. It was believed that the increased mortality was not due to the operative procedure, but to long continued infection in the biliary tract with associated damage to the liver parenchyma, age of patients and advanced cardiovascular disease.
The Moore-Penrose Inverse

By definition, a generalized inverse of an m × n matrix A is any n × m matrix G such that AGA = A. Except for the special case where A is a (square) nonsingular matrix, A has an infinite number of generalized inverses (as discussed in Section 9.2a). While for many purposes one generalized inverse is as good as another, there is a unique one of the generalized inverses, known as the Moore-Penrose inverse, that is sometimes singled out for special attention and that is the primary subject of the present chapter.
The Tandem Radical Cyclization Approach to Angular Triquinanes

Abstract Models studies and the total synthesis ofsilphiperfol-6-ene (4, seven steps) and 9-episilphiperfol-6-ene (14, five steps) are reported. The use of a tandem radical cyclization permits rapid construction of the requisite tricyclic nucleus. In the most direct approach, the key tandem cyclization (18 → 19) produces the C-9 epimer as the major product. In a modified approach, cyclization of the dioxolane ketal derived from 18 (27 → 28) produces a useful excess of the natural isomer. Interesting observations on the rapid prototropic isomerization of a vinyl silane to an allyl silane (21→22+23) are also discussed.
Nonlinear interactions of excitons in conducting polymers: femtosecond transient absorption and holography studies

We present detailed studies of femtosecond transient holography in conjugated polymer blends and superlattices, using tunable non-degenerate four-wave mixing. Combined with spectral transient absorption studies, these experiments allow determination of the complex nonlinear index of refraction over the photon energy range from 1-3 eV.
"Tragic man" and "tragic woman": gender differences in narcissistic styles.

(1988). “Tragic Man” and “Tragic Woman”: Gender Differences in Narcissistic Styles. Psychiatry: Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 368-377.
Can We Predict Radiation-Induced Changes in Pulmonary Function Based on the Sum of Predicted Regional Dysfunction?

PURPOSE: To determine whether changes in whole-lung pulmonary function test (PFT) values are related to the sum of predicted radiation therapy (RT)-induced changes in regional lung perfusion. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1991 and 1998, 96 patients (61% with lung cancer) who were receiving incidental partial lung irradiation were studied prospectively. The patients were assessed with pre- and post-RT PFTs (forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1] and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide [DLCO]) for at least a 6-month follow-up period, and patients were excluded if it was determined that intrathoracic recurrence had an impact on lung function. The maximal declines in PFT values were noted. A dose-response model based on RT-induced reduction in regional perfusion (function) was used to predict regional dysfunction. The predicted decline in pulmonary function was calculated as the weighted sum of the predicted regional injuries: equation where Vd is the volume of lung irradiated to dose d, and Rd is t...
An accurate time-marching solution method for the electric field integral equation using a bandlimited extrapolator

Despite their advantages in the analysis of transient electromagnetic scattering phenomena, the widespread implementation of time domain integral equation (TDIE) based methods was hampered by the fact that they tended to be unstable and computationally expensive. The recent rediscovery of TDIE based methods springs from two different sources: (i) fast methods ameliorate the computational complexity, (ii) implicit time stepping schemes make TDIE solutions stable enough for use in practical simulations (see Rao, S.M. and Wilton, D.R., 1991). Although these advances have made TDIE methods practical, the accuracy of TDIE methods remains largely unstudied. Though methods for improving the accuracy and convergence properties of the spatial discretization of TDIEs can be based on the well-known frequency domain method of moments (MoM) techniques, temporal discretization methods are still poorly understood. While exponentially convergent TDIE temporal discretization methods exist, they use basis functions that are noncausal and thus preclude the possibility of a time marching solution (see Weile, D.S. et al., 2000). We show how such methods can be modified to create a very accurate and stable time marching approach for the solution of TDIEs.
Foucault, Borges, Heterotopia: Producing Knowledge in Other Spaces

Arguably the most famous heterotopia that appears in Foucault’s work is the Chinese encyclopedia, which originates in the fiction of Jorge Luis Borges. Drawing on this citation of Borges, this article examines Foucault’s notion of the heterotopia as it relates to order and knowledge production. Frequently, heterotopias are understood as sites of resistance. This article argues that shifting the focus from resistance to order and knowledge production reveals how heterotopias make the spatiality of order legible. By juxtaposing and combining many spaces in one site, heterotopias problematize received knowledge by destabilizing the ground on which knowledge is built. Yet heterotopias always remain connected to the dominant order; thus as heterotopias clash with dominant orders, they simultaneously produce new ways of knowing. This article first explores the tensions between Foucault’s two definitions of heterotopias before connecting these definitions to Foucault’s distinctly spatial understanding of knowledge as emerging from a clash of forces. Finally, the paper ends by returning to the relationship between Foucault, Borges, and heterotopias.
Adult Leukemia Risk and Personal Appliance Use: A Preliminary Study

The hypothesis that use of personal electric appliances may be associated with increased risk of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in adults was tested using interview data from a previously completed case-control study of 114 cases and 133 controls conducted between 1981 and 1984. Cases were obtained from a population-based cancer registry in western Washington state, and controls were obtained from the same area by random digit dialing. Of 32 electrical home appliances for which data on use were available for adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia cases and controls, three motor-driven personal appliances (electric razors, hair dryers, and massage units) were selected a priori because their use represents exposure to higher peak magnetic fields than that from most other home appliances. When compared on an "ever used" versus "never used" basis, use of one or more of these appliances was not associated with increased risk of leukemia in the population studied (odds ratio (OR) = 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41-1.24). When the appliances were considered individually, massage units were more likely to have been used by cases than by controls (OR = 3.00, 95% CI 1.43-6.32), while hair dryers were more likely to have been used by controls than cases (OR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.22-0.66). There was a nonsignificant tendency for electric razor use to differentiate the cases from controls (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 0.80-2.23). When reported daily time of use was stratified, there was no overall increased risk with increased time of use except for electric razors (p < 0.05). In addition to the analysis of appliance use data from the case-control study, the authors obtained several models of these motor-driven personal appliances and characterized the magnetic fields they produce. Magnetic field flux density, or the B-field, and spectral measurements showed that partial body exposure from such appliances may exceed 0.5 mTesla (root mean squared) at rates-of-change exceeding 10 Tesla/sec. These epidemiologic data must be interpreted cautiously because the number of cases is limited and because of proxy reporting of appliance use for deceased cases. Nevertheless, the authors believe these data indicate that peak magnetic field exposure from personal appliances warrants further investigation as a possible risk factor for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in adults.
Space-time optimum combining for CDMA communications

In this paper it is shown how spatial and temporal processing can be combined to increase the capacity of CDMA-based wireless communications systems. Degrees of freedom provided by space-time processing can be exploited to combat both fading and co-channel interference (the near-far effect). Specifically, we formulate and study the following methods: (1) space-time diversity, (2) cascade optimum spatial-diversity (RAKE) temporal, (3) cascade optimum spatial-optimum temporal, and (4) joint domain optimum processing. It is shown that, due to its interference cancellation capability, optimum combining provides significantly better performance than diversity processing. In particular, it is shown that in a typical CDMA scenario with two antennas, the joint domain optimum combining system provides at least a 25% increase in capacity over diversity processing. Optimum combining may be applied to compensate for imperfect power control of the signals received at the base station.
The Knight's Tour on the 15-Puzzle

(1993). The Knight's Tour on the 15-Puzzle. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 66, No. 3, pp. 159-166.
Microtensile superplasticity in ceramic fibers

Abstract Superplastic experiments were carried out in tension on small specimens having a cross section of approx. 50 × 1.1 μm, and a gage length of 4 mm. The specimens, in the form of fibers, were prepared by lithography from thin films that were obtained by physical vapor deposition. Experiments with ZrO2-2.6 mol% Y2O3 exhibited a threshold stress for superplastic flow. While the measurements of the average flow stress were in agreement with data from bulk materials, the stress-strain curves obtained from the microspecimens were serrated, which we attribute to discrete grain sliding events. The serrations are belived to occur because the gage section contained relatively few grains. A new approach for conceptualizing superplastic flow in ultrafine grained ceramics is proposed.
Visualization of supercoiled DNA with atomic force microscopy in situ

Tertiary structure of supercoiled DNA is a significant factor in a number of genetic functions and is apparently affected by environmental conditions. We applied atomic force microscopy (AFM) for imaging the supercoiled DNA deposited at different ionic conditions. We have employed a technique for the sample preparation that permits high-resolution AFM imaging of DNA bound to the surface in buffer solutions without drying the sample (AFM in situ). The AFM data show that at low ionic strength, DNA molecules are loosely interwound supercoils with an irregular shape. Plectonemic superhelices are formed in high-concentration, near-physiological salt solutions. At such ionic conditions, superhelical loops are typically separated by regions of close helix–helix contacts. The data obtained show directly and unambiguously that overall geometry of supercoiled DNA depends dramatically on ionic conditions. This fact and the formation of close contacts between DNA helices are important features of supercoiled DNA related to its biological functions.
Spatial Statistics and Real Estate

Real estate has historically employed statistical tools designed for independent observations while simultaneously noting the violation of these assumptions in the form of clustering of same sign residuals by neighborhood, along roads, and near facilities such as airports. Spatial statistics takes these dependencies into account to provide more realistic inference (OLS has biased standard errors), better prediction, and more efficient parameter estimation. This article provides an overview of the field and directs readers to the relevant literature and software.
Catalytic redox activity and electrical conductivity of nanocrystalline non-stoichiometric cerium oxide

Abstract Nanocrystalline cerium was synthesized by magnetron sputtering and inert gas condensation. Controlled post-oxidation of the metallic nanoclusters resulted in formation of oxygen-deficient cerium oxide. Catalytic redox reactions such as SO 2 reduction by CO and CO oxidation in air were investigated. A comparison of activity with conventional stoichiometric ceria catalysts was used as a probe to distinguish different surface reactions. Electrical conductivity of nanocrystalline CeO 2− x was investigated by impedance spectroscopy and compared with literature data for single-crystal CeO 2 . The results are discussed in terms of the microstructure and defect chemistry of nanocrystalline cerium oxide.
Meniscal repair using an all-inside, rapidly absorbing, tensionable device.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical success rate of all-inside meniscal repairs using a rapidly absorbing device in patients undergoing concurrent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions. Methods: Patients with menisci repaired using the polydioxanone Mitek RapidLoc (Depuy Mitek, Raynham, MA) during concurrent ACL reconstruction were evaluated clinically 2 years following index surgery. We performed examinations on 38 meniscal tears in 30 patients using the International Knee Documentation Committee form and the Knee Disorders Subjective History visual analog scale. We also performed physical examinations for an effusion, joint line tenderness, McMurray's testing, and KT-1000 arthrometry (MEDmetric, San Diego, CA). Results: The clinical success rate for meniscal repair was 86.8% (33 of 38) at a mean follow-up of 30.4 months (range, 21 to 56 months). Univariate analysis revealed sex as the only predictive variable for failure; all failures occurred in male patients. Nonpredictive variables included tear length, type, and configuration; a duration of more than 3 months, compartment, zone, ligament graft choice, age, follow-up, Tegner score, and visual analog scale score. Conclusions: The polydioxanone RapidLoc device was found to have a clinical success rate of 86.8%. These data suggest that the more rapidly absorbing polydioxanone device is effective for all-inside meniscal repair during concurrent ACL reconstruction. Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic case series.
High-Field EPR Study of Tyrosyl Radicals in Prostaglandin H2 Synthase-1†

Various tyrosyl radicals generated by reaction of both native and indomethacin-inhibited ovine prostaglandin H synthase-1 with ethyl hydrogen peroxide were examined by using high-field/high-frequency EPR spectroscopy. The spectra for the initially formed tyrosyl radical commonly referred to as the “wide-doublet” species and the subsequent “wide-singlet” species as well as the indomethacin-inhibited “narrow-singlet” species were recorded at several frequencies and analyzed. For all three species, the g-values were distributed. In the case of the wide doublet, the high-field EPR spectra indicated that dominant hyperfine coupling was likely to be also distributed. The gx-values for all three radicals were found to be consistent with a hydrogen-bonded tyrosyl radical. In the case of the wide-doublet species, this finding is consistent with the known position of the radical and the crystallographic structure and is in contradiction with recent ENDOR measurements. The high-field EPR observations are consistent ...
PLUM: parallel load balancing for adaptive unstructured meshes

Mesh adaption is a powerful tool for efficient unstructured-grid computations but causes load imbalance among processors on a parallel machine. We present a novel method called PLUM to dynamically balance the processor workloads with a global view. This paper presents the implementation and integration of all major components within our dynamic load balancing strategy for adaptive grid calculations. Mesh adaption, repartitioning, processor assignment, and remapping are critical components of the framework that must be accomplished rapidly and efficiently so as not to cause a significant overhead to the numerical simulation. A data redistribution model is also presented that predicts the remapping cost on the SP2. This model is required to determine whether the gain from a balanced workload distribution offsets the cost of data movement. Results presented in this paper demonstrate that PLUM is an effective dynamic load balancing strategy which remains viable on a large number of processors.
Bimodal regulation of adenylate cyclase by prostaglandin E2 receptors in porcine ciliary epithelium

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) binding revealed that porcine ciliary epithelial membranes possess two subclasses of binding sites or receptors. Ciliary nonpigmented epithelial (NPE) membranes have two binding sites (Kd,1 = 35 x 10(-9) M, Bmax,1 = 485 x 10(-12) mol/mg protein; Kd,2 = 0.723 x 10(-6) M, Bmax,2 = 1473 x 10(-12) mol/mg protein), while pigmented epithelial (PE) membranes have one binding site (Kd = 82 x 10(-9) M, Bmax = 377 x 10(-12) mol/mg protein). The three sites of NPE/PE membranes were found to show the highest affinity for PGE2 by competitive binding assay; affinity for PGF2 alpha and PGD2 was several orders of magnitude less. PGE2 binding to the higher affinity site of NPE membranes induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity. Activation of the lower affinity site resulted in activation of the cyclase activity. PGE2 binding to PE membranes caused inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity. There is evidence that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) affects transport of ions and water in the ciliary epithelium, hence modulates aqueous humor inflow. The present results, therefore suggest that aqueous humor production by the ciliary NPE cells may be influenced by changes in the concentration of PGE2 which binds to the receptor subtypes having opposing effects on adenylate cyclase and regulates intracellular cAMP level.
Optimum design of a Tee mixer for fast reactions

On etudie la conception optimale de melangeurs utilises pour le melangeage continu de fluides dans des conduites au cours de procedes chimiques.
10 and 20 micron imaging with arrays

We discuss imaging with arrays in the thermal IR. Aspects of the design and performance of the “Golden Gopher”, an infrared array camera are presented. This instrument operates in a high-background environment, for ground-based astronomical imaging from 5 to 27 µm. It is built around a 20 × 64 element Si:As Impurity Band Conduction (IBC) device manufactured by GenCorp Aerojet Electronic Systems Division, and has a noise-equivalent flux density (NEFD) of 23.5mJy min -1/2 arcsec -2 at λ = 10µm, Δλ = lµm, on the Mt. Lemmon 1.5m telescope. We present and discuss a sample of the data. In addition we discuss the design and expected performance of the “Long Wavelength Spectrometer” which is now under construction for the Keck telescope.
Substance Abuse and Family Interaction

The authors propose that substance use and abuse may be understood and effectively treated when the individual user or abuser is viewed in the context of his family or stable living group. This viewpoint attributes an important role in the maintenance of individual substance abuse to interactional processes within the family system. The theoretical assumptions implied by this viewpoint are discussed. A selective literature review examines the available evidence, from both experimental and clinical-descriptive studies, that is relevant to this proposal. The next step toward a more systematic investigation of these ideas is outlined, including testable hypotheses, methodological issues and problems, and potentially useful techniques.
Update to Gage and O'Connor's “Nutrition and the Variation in Level and Age Patterns of Mortality” (1994)

It is widely assumed that nutrition influences the level of mortality. However, the association of nutrition and mortality is not linear; improved nutrition is associated with lower mortality when infectious causes of death dominate, but overnutrition, particularly with respect to the consumption of carbohydrates and fats, is often associated with increased chronic disease mortality. It is also possible that nutrition influences the age patterns of mortality. The age patterns of mortality are known to vary geographically among the world’s populations (Coale and Demeny 1966). Historically, these patterns tend to be geographically consistent even as the level of mortality declines. The cause of this human variation is under studied. Preston (1976) argued that the proximate causes of this variation result from varying geographic distributions of causes of death. Variation in nutrition may be responsible for some of this variation, possibly through influences on cause of death. The objective of our 1994 paper was to demonstrate the statistical association of the level of nutrition and dietary components on the overall level of mortality and the age patterns of mortality. For our 1994 paper we collected a worldwide sample of 341 life tables from 96 countries for the period 1952–1975 and matched them with standard national food balance sheet data for each country. One hundred seventyone tables were for males and 170 were for females; 1 female life table was excluded as defective. Expectation of life at birth in this sample ranged from 31.7 to 75.9 years. The independent variables included total calories and a principal components analysis of diet. In this case the components were interpretable as (1) a meat component, high in protein and fats, (2) carbohydrates, and (3) fats versus proteins. Standard regression analyses indicated that the international variation in nutrition was closely associated with the international variation in mortality. More than 50% of the variation was explained by these regressions, with respect to both level of mortality and the age patterns of mortality. The results indicated that total calories was positively related to expectation of life and was a better indicator than the percentage of caloric requirement. The analysis using dietary 1
Three treatments for bilingual children with primary language impairment: Examining cross-linguistic and cross-domain effects

Purpose This study examines the absolute and relative effects of 3 different treatment programs for school-age bilingual children with primary or specific language impairment (PLI). It serves to ex...
Automata control systems

A framework is developed for the control design and stability analysis of state-feedback systems made out of automaton-controller pairs, here referred to as automata control systems. A single theorem, based on the Bellman-Ford algorithm, provides the conditions for the design of the controllers that make a given automaton optimal and stable. The automata approximation of continuous state-space models is also developed for the design of state-feedback controllers that can drive continuous plants. The approximation of continuous plants through automata makes the design of state-feedback controllers independent of the state-space description. No distinction is made in the treatment of linear and nonlinear plants. Controller synthesis and specification of the domains of attraction for the resulting plant-controller pair are systematically obtained for continuous time-invariant state-space models. The application of this framework for the stability analysis of the exact model of a digital filter is presented. The automata approximation is applied to design a single controller that stabilises a forced pendulum around two equilibria. The design of switching controllers using automata approximation is also developed and applied to the longitudinal motion control of an aircraft.
Hmgb3 deficiency deregulates proliferation and differentiation of common lymphoid and myeloid progenitors

Hmgb3 is an X-linked member of a family of chromatin-binding proteins that is expressed in primitive hematopoietic cells capable of long-term hematopoietic repopulation. To examine the role of Hmgb3 in adult hematopoiesis, we generated Hmgb3 -deficient ( Hmgb3 – /Y ) mice, which are viable but erythrocythemic. Hmgb3 – /Y mice contain normal numbers of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which generate fewer than normal numbers of common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) and common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) and greater than normal numbers of more mature progenitors. Although fewer Hmgb3 – /Y primitive progenitor cells are in the G2/M cell cycle phase, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation demonstrated enhanced proliferation compared with their wild-type counterparts. Hmgb3 – /Y HSCs have increased levels of Gata-2 and c-myb mRNA. We propose that Hmgb3 deficiency leads to a failure of HSCs to expand into normal numbers of CLPs and CMPs. This defect is compensated for by the ability of Hmgb3 – /Y progenitors to expand rapidly and differentiate into normal numbers of hematopoietic cells.
Acid loaded porous silicon as a proton exchange membrane for micro-fuel cells

Abstract Silicon-based fuel cells are under active development to supply chip-scale electrical power supply. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of sulfuric acid loaded nanoporous silicon as a proton electrolytic membrane (PEM) material for micro-fuel cell applications. Sulfuric acid loaded nanoporous silicon membranes with thickness of 40–70 μm have proton conductivities (0.0068–0.33 S/cm) comparable to, and in some cases better than, Nafion ® (0.05 S/cm), which is the most commonly used commercial PEM material. Additionally, the permeability of formic acid at room temperature through nanoporous silicon membranes was found to be similar to that of Nafion ® membranes, which increases with increasing anodization current density (4.3 × 10 −8 to 3.9 × 10 −7 mol/(s cm 2 ) for nanoporous silicon as compared to 1.23 × 10 −7 mol/(s cm 2 ) for Nafion ® 117). These results represent the discovery of a new class of protonic conductor that can be integrated into standard silicon microfabrication processes.
Search for life on Mars: Evaluation of techniques

An important question for exobiology is, did life evolve on Mars? To answer this question, experiments must be conducted on the martian surface. Given current mission constraints on mass, power, and volume, these experiments can only be performed using proposed analytical techniques such as: electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, a-proton backscatter, g-ray spectrometry, differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, pyrolysis gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and specific element detectors. Using prepared test samples consisting of 1% organic matter (bovine serum albumin) in palagonite and a mixture of palagonite, clays, iron oxides, and evaporites, it was determined that a combination of X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis coupled with gas chromatography provides the best insight into the chemistry, mineralogy, and geological history of the samples.
The Swedish National Dental Insurance and Dental Health Care Policy

Sweden instituted a national dental insurance program in 1973. The program is outlined; current problems and political issues are described; the benefits and limitations are discussed.
Exploring the neutron dripline two neutrons at a time: The first observations of the 26O and 16Be ground state resonances

The two-neutron unbound ground state resonances of 26O and 16Be were populated using one-proton knockout reactions from 27F and 17B beams. A coincidence measurement of 3-body system (fragment + n + n) allowed for the decay energy of the unbound nuclei to be reconstructed. A low energy resonance, < 200 keV, was observed for the first time in the 240 + n + n system and assigned to the ground state of 26O. The 16Be ground state resonance was observed at 1.35 MeV. The 3-body correlations of the 14Be + n + n system were compared to simulations of a phase-space, sequential, and dineutron decay. The strong correlations in the n-n system from the experimental data could only be reproduced by the dineutron decay simulation providing the first evidence for a dineutron-like decay.
NASA High-Reynolds Number Circulation Control Research - Overview of CFD and Planned Experiments

A new capability to test active flow control concepts and propulsion simulations at high Reynolds numbers in the National Transonic Facility at the NASA Langley Research Center is being developed. This technique is focused on the use of semi-span models due to their increased model size and relative ease of routing high-pressure air to the model. A new dual flow-path high-pressure air delivery station has been designed, along with a new high performance transonic sem -si pan wing model. The modular wind tunnel model is designed for testing circulation control concepts at both transonic cruise and low-speed high-lift conditions. The ability of the model to test other active flow control techniques will be highlighted. In addition, a new higher capacity semi-span force and moment wind tunnel balance has been completed and calibrated to enable testing at transonic conditions.
Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) and PEG-phospholipid form stable mixed micelles in aqueous media.

Novel mixed polymeric micelles formed from biocompatible polymers, poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(e-caprolactone) (PEG5000-b-PCLx) and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-DSPE), possess small size and high thermodynamic stability, raising their potential as long circulating carriers in the context of delivery of antineoplastic and antibiotic drugs. Formation of mixed polymeric micelles was confirmed using size exclusion chromatography and 1H NMR NOESY. Steady-state fluorescence measurements revealed depressed critical micellar concentrations indicative of a cooperative interaction between component hydrophobic blocks, which was quantified using the pseudophase model for micellization. Steady-state fluorescence measurements indicated that the mixed polymeric micelle cores possess intermediate micropolarity and high microviscosity. Pulsed field gradient spin−echo measurements were used to characterize micellar diffusion coefficients, which agree well with those...
Synthesis and optical properties of II-O-VI highly mismatched alloys

We have synthesized ternary and quaternary diluted II-VI oxides using the combination of O ion implantation and pulsed laser melting. CdO{sub x}Te{sub 1-x} thin films with x up to 0.015, and the energy gap reduced by 150 meV were formed by O{sup +}-implantation in CdTe followed by pulsed laser melting. Quaternary Cd{sub 0.6}Mn{sub 0.4}O{sub x}Te{sub 1-x} and Zn{sub 0.88}Mn{sub 0.12}O{sub x}Te{sub 1-x} with mole fraction of incorporated O as high as 0.03 were also formed. The enhanced O incorporation in Mn-containing alloys is believed to be due to the formation of relatively strong Mn-O bonds. Optical transitions associated with the lower (E{sub -}) and upper (E{sub +}) conduction subbands resulting from the anticrossing interaction between the localized O states and the extended conduction states of the host are clearly observed in these quaternary diluted II-VI oxides. These alloys fulfill the criteria for a multiband semiconductor that has been proposed as a material for making high efficiency, single-junction solar cells.