cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary dynamics with fluctuating population sizes and strong mutualism

Game theory ideas provide a useful framework for studying evolutionary dynamics in a well-mixed environment. This approach, however, typically enforces a strictly fixed overall population size, deemphasizing natural growth processes. We study a competitive Lotka-Volterra model, with number fluctuations, that accounts for natural population growth and encompasses interaction scenarios typical of evolutionary games. We show that, in an appropriate limit, the model describes standard evolutionary games with both genetic drift and overall population size fluctuations. However, there are also regimes where a varying population size can strongly influence the evolutionary dynamics. We focus on the strong mutualism scenario and demonstrate that standard evolutionary game theory fails to describe our simulation results. We then analytically and numerically determine fixation probabilities as well as mean fixation times using matched asymptotic expansions, taking into account the population size degree of freedom. These results elucidate the interplay between population dynamics and evolutionary dynamics in well-mixed systems.
Optimal output regulation of a grid-connected inverter with LCL filter

This paper develops an optimal control method to regulate the grid current of a grid-connected inverter with an LCL filter. The developed method follows linear output regulation theory which is able to achieve asymptotic tracking and disturbance rejection. Both state-feedback and dynamic output-feedback trackers are designed. The suboptimality of the system in closed-loop with the designed controller is rigorously analyzed. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Impressions of the Market: Ford, Conrad, and Modernist Investment Fantasy

Conrad began writing what would become Chance in 1906, following The Secret Agent and Mirror of the Sea, set it aside until its serial publication in The New York Herald Sunday Magazine in 1911–12, and then reprinted it (with extensive revisions) in book form in 1913.1 In letters to friends and publishers over the lengthy course of writing the novel, he expresses a near desperate financial need to get on with the book. Writing to his friends the Galsworthys on New Year’s Eve, 1906, he quickly dismisses his hopes for a French translation of Heart of Darkness as vanity, or “not serious business” for a 48-year-old man with two children to support after his death, and then writes: “I wish to goodness I could get on terms with Chance quickly. Each day is like a stroke of an inexorable clock to me.”2 Thoughts of fate lead to an investment in Chance.3 A year later, Conrad writes to his publisher, J. B. Pinker: “in regard to my own work I am quite aware that Chance is the main thing.” This is a crucially ambiguous statement suggesting both his need for a singular focus on the project and his sense that literary production for the market is in fact a chancy game. Conrad’s anxiety in the letter supports this second reading, as he pleads with Pinker for more time: “Please don’t place it too soon. I can’t afford to botch such effects as my writing is able to produce. I want time.”4 Finally, his careful delay here aligns his publishing strategy with his description of investment, which he distinguishes from a speculative gamble. He argues for this distinction in a 1913 letter to Alfred Knopf, writing, There are two methods in the publishing business. The first is speculative. A book is a venture. Hit or miss. To a certain extent it must be so. But here and there a writer may be taken up as an investment.
Doctor and friend.

When a dual relationship exists between a physician and a patient, the physician has an obligation to put the patient's health first even at the risk of ending the personal relationship. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Ten plus one challenges in diseases of the lysosomal system

Abstract The advent of the first effective specific therapy for a lysosomal storage disease (LSDs), Gaucher disease type 1, by Roscoe O. Brady was foundational for development of additional treatments for this group of rare diseases. The past 26 years, since the approval of enzyme therapy for Gaucher disease type 1, have witnessed a burgeoning understanding of LSDs at genetic, molecular, biochemical, cell biologic, and clinical levels. Simultaneously, this expansion of knowledge has exposed our incomplete understanding of the individual pathophysiologies of LSDs as well as difficult challenges for improvement in therapy and therapeutic outcomes for afflicted individuals. Here, 10 such challenges/problems representing major impediments, which need to be overcome, to move forward toward the goals of more effective and complete therapies for these devastating diseases.
Rigid and Test Modules

We discuss a class of modules, called test modules, that are, in principle, those detecting finite homological dimensions. The main purpose of this mote is to report the following result: if a commutative Noetherian local ring \((R, {\mathfrak m}, k)\) admits a test module (e.g., the residue field k) of finite Gorenstein dimension, then R is Gorenstein. This extended abstract is based on joint works with Celikbas et al. (Kyoto J Math 54:295–310, 2014) [9], Celikbas et al. (Homological dimensions of rigid modules) [10], and Celikbas and Wagstaff (Testing for the Gorenstein property) [11].
Far-out future in a nano-world

"This is an exercise in fictional science, or science fiction, if you like that better." So begins the opening quotation by Valentino Braitenberg, the artificial intelligence expert, which establishes the tone of edited volume. For this is not really a physics book, but a set of projections about the impact of future technology. The contributors speculate on what would happen if we could manipulate matter at will on an atomic and molecular scale. Wounds could be repaired without major damage, or prevented altogether, allowing recreational activities such as hand-to-hand combat to be so realistic that one could inflict injuries that today would be fatal. Rooms or entire houses could rapidly change in size or function as needed, and solar-powered migratory homes could move themselves south for the winter. The mechanism for these various developments comes from so-called "nanotechnology", which postulates the existence of numerous tiny machines that can disassemble and reassemble matter with an amazing degree of control.
Regulations of Patient-Derived Xenografts

Abstract This chapter covers the regulatory oversight of patient-derived xenografts. It follows the sample from the acquisition from the patient to the manipulation of the tumor in the laboratory and animal models. A large portion of the regulations pertains to the proper procedures required for procurement of any human tissues for research and extends to the regulations that oversee the health and safety of personnel working with the samples, and the proper care, use, and oversight of the animal model experiments. The goal is to provide a framework for the requirements with the recognition that each institution/program may have unique requirements, so it is important to consult with local human subjects; pathology, health, and safety; and animal welfare offices early in the planning phases.
CRT-800.26 Validation of the Contrast Induced Nephropathy Risk Score In Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Risk scores identify patients at risk for acute kidney injury (AKI) following coronary procedures. Patients with kidney disease have been shown to have worse outcomes following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR). Identifying patients at risk to provide benefit and avoid harm is paramount
Seed bank dynamics of blowout penstemon in relation to local patterns of sand movement on the Ferris Dunes, south-central Wyoming

Plants restricted to active sand dunes possess traits that enable both survival in a harsh environment and local migration in response to a shifting habitat mosaic. We examined seed bank dynamics o...
MUC1 induces tamoxifen resistance in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Tamoxifen, as an essential therapeutic tool in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, has been available for the past three decades and is currently being utilized as a chemo-preventive agent for patients at high risk for breast carcinoma. However, the induction of chemo-resistance during therapy has indicated a significant challenge with regards to this agent.Areas covered: This review enumerates the role of MUC1-C proto-oncogene in tamoxifen resistance and describes a number of signaling pathways by which MUC1-C would mediate the development of resistance. Finally, recent clinical studies conducted on the magnitude of MUC1 in inducing tamoxifen resistance are described.Expert commentary: Mucin 1, or MUC1, is aberrantly overexpressed on the entire tumor cell surface of most human cancers. Thus, it may result in the upregulation of several signaling pathways, such as growth cascades related to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), β-catenin and E-cadherin, as well as p...
Nanoscale optical field localization by resonantly focused plasmons

Nanoscale field confinement enabled by plasmonic phenonena [1] has great potential to revolutionize many applications in nanophotonics, including bio-sensing, imaging, and magnetic recording. Various schemes using propagating surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waves have been suggested [2-4], but they experience power losses due to SPP propagation, restricting their practical applications. Here we experimentally demonstrate use of plasmonic resonant phenomena combined with strong field localization to enhance efficiency of confining optical fields. Our approach utilizes a nano-crescent-moon (NCM) shape plasmonic element integrated with a lossless Si waveguide utilized with silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology, to achieve a sub-diffraction limited focusing with spot size ~25 nm. The metallic NCM effectively converts an incoming propagating waveguide mode into a localized resonant plasmon mode, which is localized in an ultrasmall volume in all 3 dimensions. The novel NCM geometry for efficient field localization simultaneously uses three physical mechanisms: localized surface surface plasmons (LSPs) [5,6], SPP edge localization [4], and TEM field localization [7]. The near-field optical measurements of the fabricated NCM using heterodyne near-field scanning optical microscope (H-NSOM) validate the theoretical predictions showing strong field localization.
EL CONCEPTO DE INCLUSIÓN SOCIAL

Los conceptos de inclusion y exclusion estan siendo cada vez mas utilizados por el fin del Estado de Bienestar y las politicas actuales. Presentamos los diversos aspectos del problema, caracterizaciones del concepto, origen historico, posibles marcos explicativos y hacemos una propuesta que generalizando los rasgos del concepto lo define como precariedad en cuanto a poder para la realizacion personal por la posicion estructural de acuerdo a distintas dimensiones sociales, dandole un significado preciso y valido eticamente.
Democracy and the Social Feminist Ethics of Jane Addams: A Vision for Public Administration

In Democracy and Social Ethics, feminist, settlement worker, peace activist, social reformer, and scholar Jane Addams articulates a bottom up participatory democracy. The elements of her social democracy (social claim, sympathetic understanding, experience, scientific attitude, dignity of the everyday, idealized rule of living) are described and linked to Addams social feminisms. Her conceptualization of democracy contrasts and complements with the more commonly used political democracy. Her theory of democracy also speaks to the lived experience of public administration.
Effects of smoke-free air law on acute myocardial infarction hospitalization in Indianapolis and Marion County, Indiana

A comprehensive smoke-free air law was enacted on June 1, 2012 in most of Marion County, Indiana, including all of the City of Indianapolis. We evaluated changes in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) admission rates in Indianapolis and Marion County before compared to after the law. We collected AMI admissions from five Marion County hospitals between May 2007 and December 2014. We used Poisson regression to evaluate the overall effects of the law on monthly AMI hospitalizations, adjusting for month, seasonality, meteorology, air pollution, and hospital utilization. We tested the interactions between the law and AMI risk factors on monthly AMI admission rates to identify subpopulations for which the effects might be stronger. Monthly AMI admissions declined 20% (95% CI 14–25%) in Marion County and 25% (95% CI 20–29%) in Indianapolis after the law was implemented. We observed decreases among never (21%, 95% CI 13–29%), former (28%, 95% CI 21–34%), and current smokers (26%, 95% CI 11–38%); Medicaid beneficiaries (19%, 95% CI 9–29%) and non-beneficiaries (26%, 95% CI 20–31%). We observed decreases among those with a history of diabetes (Yes: 22%, 95% CI 14–29%; No: 25%, 95% CI 18–31%), congestive heart failure (Yes: 23%, 95% CI 16–30%; No: 24%, 95% CI 17–31%), and hypertension (Yes: 23%, 95% CI 17–28%: No: 26%, 95% CI 15–36%). We observed decreases in AMI admissions comparable with previous studies. We identified subpopulations who benefitted from the law, such as former and current smokers, and those without comorbidities such as congestive heart failure and hypertension.
The First Year of Global Cleft Surgery Education Through Digital Simulation: A Proof of Concept.

Introduction:Parallel to worldwide disparities in patient access to health care, the operative opportunities of surgical trainees are increasingly restricted across the globe. Efforts have been directed toward enhancing surgical education outside the operating room and reducing the wide variability in global trainee operative experience. However, high costs and other logistical concerns may limit the reproducibility and sustainability of nonoperative surgical education resources.Methods:A partnership between the academic, nonprofit, and industry sectors resulted in the development of an online virtual surgical simulator for cleft repair. First year global access patterns were observed.Results:The simulator is freely accessible online and includes 5 normal and pathologic anatomy modules, 5 modules demonstrating surgical markings, and 7 step-by-step procedural modules. Procedural modules include high-definition intraoperative footage to supplement the virtual animation in addition to include multiple-choice...
Cold spray surface patterning of aluminum on aluminum, silicon, glass, and printed circuit board substrates

Abstract The aim of the present study is to investigate the feasibility and the criteria of using the cold spray technique for surface patterning to create two-dimensional surface features on various substrates. Metal meshes (16, 45, 170, 200, 400, and 5/16″) were used as screens for surface patterning in this investigation; fabricated features were characterized with optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and optical profilometer. Processing parameters like mesh size, standoff distance, gun traverse speed, and number of spray passes were examined to study their influence to the morphology of the fabricated features. Two-dimensional aluminum features were successfully fabricated on aluminum, soda-lime glass, silicon wafer, and the copper foil-layer of printed circuit board. The smallest feature created with −45 to +5 μm aluminum feedstock powders, has an average size of 67.4 μm. It was determined that the pore size of a mesh needs to be at least 3.3 times bigger than the average size of feedstock powders in order to create features successfully. To estimate the probability of feedstock powders passing through a mesh and simulate the topography of the fabricated features, a Monte Carlo simulation incorporating the particle size distribution and the geometries of meshes was developed. With the capability of creating features on diverse substrates, the cold spray surface patterning technique shows promising potential to create heterogeneous two-dimensional functional features or devices at micron-sized with high efficiency.
Knowledge and attitudes about later life sexuality : What clinicians need to know about helping the elderly

In the family therapy field we have often overlooked the elderly and in particular addressing sexual concerns within the context of couples therapy with the elderly (Van Amburg, Barber, & Zimmerman, 1996). The projected life-span of the elderly has increased due to improvements in medical technology and due to a better quality of life which promotes longevity. Included in this paper are the specific age-related physical, emotional, and sexual changes common in later life as well as a clinical case vignette of an elderly couple presenting with a sexual issue. Current sexuality education programs for the elderly are reviewed as well as clinical implications for therapists who treat the elderly.
The early history of tuberculosis in central East Africa: insights from the clinical records of the first twenty years of Mengo Hospital and review of relevant literature.

CADRE : L'Hopital Mengo, actuellement Kampala, en Ouganda, il y a 100 ans. OBJECTIF : Determiner la presence de tuberculose dans la population Bagandan de l'Afrique Centrale de l'Est, ainsi qu'ailleurs en Afrique, a l'epoque des premieres explorations par les europeens. SCHEMA : L'on a revu, en vue de mettre en evidence la tuberculose chez les Bagandan, les observations cliniques faites par Albert Cook pendant 2 decennies debutant en 1897, soit 35 ans apres la premiere visite de Speke a cette region. L'on a revu les ecrits d'autres observateurs medicaux contemporains concernant l'existence de la tuberculose dans l'Afrique pre-coloniale ou au debut de l'Afrique coloniale. RESULTATS : Des cas bien documentes de tuberculose ont ete observes par Cook des 1897. Au total, au moins 93 cas de tuberculose ont ete inclus parmi 26 806 entrees a l'Hopital Mengo entre 1897 et 1916. L'on n'a pas observe de tendance evolutive dans la prevalence de la tuberculose parmi les patients hospitalises. Une revue de la litterature anterieure concernant la tuberculose en Afrique pre-coloniale suggere que cette maladie peut avoir ete presente dans diverses regions avant l'exploration par les europeens, mais qu'elle etait probablement absente ailleurs. CONCLUSIONS : La conception que toute l'Afrique et que tous les peuples d'Afrique etaient un terrain vierge pour la tuberculose, est enracinee dans une vue eurocentrique et archaique de l'Afrique, et ne peut pas etre maintenue aujourd'hui sur la base des donnees disponibles.
The Harrington/O'Shea System for Career Decision-Making

(1980). The Harrington/O'Shea System for Career Decision-Making. Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 185-188.
The New Colossus: Clinical Ethics, Empathy, and Grace

Since its birth, bioethics has occupied the position of both clinical insider and outsider—both at the bedside and in the boardroom (Rothman 1991). This posture helped safeguard the nascent discipl...
Auditory motion tracking ability of adults with normal hearing and with bilateral cochlear implants.

Adults with bilateral cochlear implants (BiCIs) receive benefits in localizing stationary sounds when listening with two implants compared with one; however, sound localization ability is significantly poorer when compared to normal hearing (NH) listeners. Little is known about localizing sound sources in motion, which occurs in typical everyday listening situations. The authors considered the possibility that sound motion may improve sound localization in BiCI users by providing multiple places of information. Alternatively, the ability to compare multiple spatial locations may be compromised in BiCI users due to degradation of binaural cues, and thus result in poorer performance relative to NH adults. In this study, the authors assessed listeners' abilities to distinguish between sounds that appear to be moving vs stationary, and track the angular range and direction of moving sounds. Stimuli were bandpass-filtered (150–6000 Hz) noise bursts of different durations, panned over an array of loudspeakers. Overall, the results showed that BiCI users were poorer than NH adults in (i) distinguishing between a moving vs stationary sound, (ii) correctly identifying the direction of movement, and (iii) tracking the range of movement. These findings suggest that conventional cochlear implant processors are not able to fully provide the cues necessary for perceiving auditory motion correctly.
Sitagliptin improves diastolic cardiac function but not cardiorespiratory fitness in adults with type 2 diabetes

Abstract Background People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) have preclinical cardiac and vascular dysfunction associated with low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). This is especially concerning because CRF is a powerful predictor of cardiovascular mortality, a primary issue in T2D management. Glucagon-like pepetide-1 (GLP-1) augments cardiovascular function and our previous data in rodents demonstrate that potentiating the GLP-1 signal with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor augments CRF. Lacking are pharmacological treatments which can target T2D-specific physiological barriers to exercise to potentially permit adaptations necessary to improve CRF and thereby health outcomes in people with T2D. We therefore hypothesized that administration of a DPP4-inhibitor (sitagliptin) would improve CRF in adults with T2D. Methods and Results Thirty-eight participants (64 ± 1 years; mean ± SE) with T2D were randomized in a double-blinded study to receive 100 mg/day sitagliptin, 2 mg/day glimepiride, or placebo for 3 months after baseline measurements. Fasting glucose decreased with both glimepiride and sitagliptin compared with placebo (P = 0.002). CRF did not change in any group (Placebo: Pre: 15.4 ± 0.9 vs. Post: 16.1 ± 1.1 ml/kg/min vs. Glimepiride: 18.5 ± 1.0 vs. 17.7 ± 1.2 ml/kg/min vs. Sitagliptin: 19.1 ± 1.2 vs. 18.3 ± 1.1 ml/kg/min; P = 0.3). Sitagliptin improved measures of cardiac diastolic function, however, measures of vascular function did not change with any treatment. Conclusions Three months of sitagliptin improved diastolic cardiac function, however, CRF did not change. These data suggest that targeting the physiological contributors to CRF with sitagliptin alone is not an adequate strategy to improve CRF in people with T2D. Clinical trials registration www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01951339.
Self-Directed Home Exercises vs Outpatient Physical Therapy After Total Knee Arthroplasty: Value and Outcomes Following a Protocol Change.

Abstract Background The need for outpatient physical therapy (OPPT) has been questioned following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Recent studies have suggested that similar outcomes may be possible with self-directed home exercise programs (HEP) compared to OPPT, which can be costly to both the patient and healthcare system. The aim of the present study is to compare the safety, efficacy, and health economics of formal OPPT with self-directed home exercises after TKA following a protocol change. Methods A single-surgeon, retrospective study of 520 consecutive patients undergoing primary unilateral TKA from 2016 to 2018 was performed. All 251 TKAs performed in 2016 were routinely prescribed OPPT, while all 269 TKAs in 2017 completed a self-directed HEP alone for 2 weeks. At their 2-week visit, OPPT was prescribed if patients had less than 90° range of motion or per patient request. Financial data of postdischarge costs were collected for all patients. Multivariate logistic regression evaluated for variables associated with failure of the HEP program. Results Overall, 65.8% (177/269) of patients in the HEP group did not require OPPT. There was no significant difference in percentage of patients whose range of motion was less than 90° at 2-week follow-up between OPPT and HEP (14% vs 11.9%, P = .467). Between OPPT and HEP, there were no differences in manipulation under anesthesia (3.2% vs 3%, P = .883). On average, patients who received OPPT incurred an increase in average cost of $1340.87 and $1893.42 for Medicare and private insurer patients, respectively. We did not identify any significant risk factors for failing HEP. Conclusion Comparable outcomes were demonstrated between patients receiving HEP compared to OPPT with a substantial cost saving. While a portion of patients still require formal OPPT, the majority do not. Surgeons should consider an initial trial of HEP with close follow-up in order to limit unnecessary costs associated with OPPT.
Court as a Symbolic Resource

This chapter analyzes the impact of the Indian Supreme Court's watershed case on quotas for "backward classes," the Indra Sawhneycase. It explores the role of the decision in the mobilization of Dalit Muslims, who have been excluded from the constitutionally mandated affirmative action regime for the erstwhile Untouchable or Dalit castes ("Scheduled Castes"). It shows how the incipient mobilization came to creatively interpret the decision, in particular its interpretation of Hindu caste and a partial recognition of Muslim social stratification, as an endorsement of their claims. The appropriation and activation of the judgment allowed the mobilization to generate further political support, convince state commissions and eventually mount a constitutional challenge in the Court. This account aims to highlight the symbolic potential of the Court's decisions, often through unintended mechanisms, to reshape and extend social movement politics. It also highlights the role of political constraints, organizational infrastructure and the Indian institutional context as relevant factors in assessing judicial impact.
A unified data security framework for federated prognostics and health management in smart manufacturing

Abstract Data security is one of the most important concerns of manufacturing entities. Therefore, enterprises hesitate to share data with third parties for building predictive and prognostic models. In such scenario, building comprehensive models for predicting asset failures is challenging given data from a single enterprise would not include required variety of operation regimes and failure modes. In this article, we present an encrypted and federated framework for training diagnosis and prognosis models that would not require sharing data. The proposed framework guarantees the privacy of the data while generates comprehensive models that leverage the variety of multiple enterprises operations.
Treatment of COVID-19: Perspective on Convalescent Plasma Transfusion

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has continued its global spread since the first documented case in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. With over 10 million cases and 500 thousand deaths reported worldwide, the need for an effective treatment regimen is evident. Historically, convalescent plasma (CP) has been utilized in the treatment of viral respiratory pathogens. Critically ill patients with COVID-19 in China and South Korea have been treated with CP given the ineffectiveness of experimental therapies with antivirals alone. This commentary explores the importance of published experience and the pending establishment of efficacy to facilitate an informed decision regarding the therapeutic use of CP. With increasing mortality around the world from COVID-19 infection, the need for alternative, effective treatment regimens is critical.
Spindle and Epithelioid Cell (Spitz) Nevus and Variants

An important watershed in the pathology of pigmented lesions was the work of Sophie Spitz carried out that defined juvenile melanoma, the lesion that we now call spindle and/or epithelioid cell nevus of Spitz. These seminal findings have allowed for the identification of a subset of lesions with rapid growth that have a characteristic spindle and epithelioid histologic appearance. The discovery of these lesions has also led to an understanding of variants of spindle and epithelioid cell tumor that do not show the maturation of the Spitz nevi but form expansile nodule. Some of these lesions that have been referred as atypical Spitz nevi/tumors can rarely metastasize. A grading system for risk stratification in patients younger than 18 years of age based on age, tumor size, and histologic parameters has been proposed. Of interest, an atypical Spitz tumor with positive sentinel lymph node does not correlate with poor prognosis as seen in conventional melanoma.
The Big Three and Board Gender Diversity: The Effectiveness of Shareholder Voice

In 2017, “The Big Three” institutional investors launched campaigns to increase gender diversity on corporate boards. We estimate that their campaigns led firms to add at least 2.5 times as many female directors in 2019 as they had in 2016, accounting for most of the increase in board gender diversity over that period. Firms increased diversity by looking beyond managers’ existing networks to identify candidates and by placing less emphasis on candidates’ executive experience. Firms also promoted more female directors to key board positions, indicating firms’ responses went beyond mere tokenism. Our results highlight index investors’ ability to effectuate broad-based governance changes and shareholder advocacy’s potential to expand women’s participation in corporate leadership more extensively than government mandates.
A new species of Acerophagus Smith (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from Vieques Island, Puerto Rico (USA), parasitoid of the mealybug Hypogeococcus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

A new species of the genus Acerophagus Smith (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), A. belenaguirreae sp. n., is described from Vieques Island, Puerto Rico (USA) as a primary parasitoid of the mealybug Hypogeococcus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Achyranthes aspera var. aspera (Amaranthaceae) and Portulaca sp. (Portulacaceae). An identification key to females of Acerophagus species in the New World with dark cross bands on the gastral dorsum is provided. A lectotype is designated for Acerophagus californicus Rosen, which is illustrated.
Review of Temporal Reasoning in the Clinical Domain for Timeline Extraction: Where we are and where we need to be.

Abstract Understanding a patient’s medical history, such as how long symptoms last or when a procedure was performed, is vital to diagnosing problems and providing good care. Frequently, important information regarding a patient’s medical timeline is buried in their Electronic Health Record (EHR) in the form of unstructured clinical notes. This results in care providers spending time reading notes in a patient’s record in order to become familiar with their condition prior to developing a diagnosis or treatment plan. Valuable time could be saved if this information was readily accessible for searching and visualization for fast comprehension by the medical team. Clinical Natural Language Processing (NLP) is an area of research that aims to build computational methods to automatically extract medically relevant information from unstructured clinical texts. A key component of Clinical NLP is Temporal Reasoning, as understanding a patient’s medical history relies heavily on the ability to identify, assimilate, and reason over temporal information. In this work, we review the current state of Temporal Reasoning in the clinical domain with respect to Clinical Timeline Extraction. While much progress has been made, the current state-of-the-art still has a ways to go before practical application in the clinical setting will be possible. Areas such as handling relative and implicit temporal expressions, both in normalization and in identifying temporal relationships, improving co-reference resolution, and building inter-operable timeline extraction tools that can integrate multiple types of data are in need of new and innovative solutions to improve performance on clinical data.
Convection‐driven compaction as a possible origin of Enceladus's long wavelength topography

[1] The long wavelength surface topography of Enceladus shows depressions about 1 km in depth and ∼102 km wide. One possible cause of this topography is spatially variable amounts of compaction of an initially porous ice shell, driven by spatial variations in heat flux. Here, we show that the heat flux variations associated with convection in the shell can quantitatively match the observed features. We develop a simple model of viscous compaction that includes the effect of porosity on thermal conductivity, and find that an initial shell porosity of at least 20–25% is required to develop the observed topography over ∼1 Ga. This mechanism produces topographic depressions, not rises, above convective upwellings, and does not generate detectable gravity anomalies. Unlike transient dynamic topography, it can potentially leave a permanent record of ancient convective processes in the shallow lithospheres of icy satellites.
Short‐Chain Fatty Acids Induce Pro‐Inflammatory Cytokine Production Alone and in Combination with Toll‐Like Receptor Ligands

Problem Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced at relatively high levels by anaerobic bacteria in bacterial vaginosis (BV), are believed to be anti-inflammatory. BV, a common alteration of the genital microbiota associated with increased susceptibility to HIV infection, is characterized by increased levels of both pro-inflammatory cytokines and SCFAs. We investigated how SCFAs alone or together with TLR-ligands affected pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion.
Regulation of endothelial cell glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase expression by hypoxia

Exposure of endothelial cells (EC) to hypoxia results in the increased expression of a distinct set of proteins with molecular masses of 56, 47, 39, 36, and 34 kDa. Their induction appears to be unique to EC and the stress of decreased oxygen tension. To understand the mechanism(s) and significance of the up-regulation of these proteins we have identified the 36-kDa protein by limited amino-terminal amino acid sequencing. The 21-amino acid sequence from the bovine protein exhibited 90.5% identity with the human sequence of the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Northern blot analysis showed that the time course and extent of EC GAPDH mRNA up-regulation correlated with the increase in 36-kDa protein synthesis. Nuclear runoff analysis demonstrated that this increase in GAPDH expression is regulated, in part, at the transcriptional level; however, the increase in the rate of transcription did not account for the entire mRNA accumulation, suggesting that GAPDH, like other hypoxia-regulated proteins, is posttranscriptionally regulated. Subcellular fractionation of hypoxic EC showed up-regulation of the 36-kDa protein in the cytoplasmic fraction and, to a lesser extent, in the nuclear fraction. The up-regulation of GAPDH in EC may be related to their relative hypoxia tolerance. Alternatively, the up-regulation of GAPDH in EC during hypoxia may be related to the potential nonglycolytic functions of this enzyme.
B cell directed tolerogenic fusion proteins (APP3P.117)

We previously demonstrated that retroviral delivery of antigen-IgG fusion proteins in B cells ex vivo rendered these cells tolerogenic. Such B cells, upon adoptive transfer, could block or reverse the adverse immune responses in rodent models of multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes and hemophilia. In order to create a non-viral­ delivery system taking advantage of the tolerogenicity of IgG fusion proteins directed into B cells, we have prepared a fusion comprising anti-human CD20 single chain variable fragment and with target T-cell epitope on a human IgG4 scaffold. We term this fusion a B-cell-specific antigen IgG tolerogen (BAIT). As an example, the BAIT fusion containing a DR1 restricted T cell epitope FVIII 2191-2210 (BAIT-FVIII 2191 ) was prepared in a CHO cell expression system via stable transfection. Ex vivo analyses demonstrated that biotinylated BAIT-FVIII 2191 could be specifically taken up by CD20+ve B cells from human PBMC. In this report, we will evaluate the presentation of B-cell directed BAIT-FVIII 2191 to FVIII 2191-2210 specific human T cells, and then test in vivo using DR1-transgenic FVIII KO mice. The results obtained from these studies will facilitate the translation of our successful B-cell gene therapy approach into a novel protein therapeutic for adverse immune responses, such as anti-FVIII inhibitor development in hemophilia A.
Human Motion Analysis

The sections in this article are 1 Evolution of Human Motion Analysis 2 Anatomic Terminology 3 The Cyclic Nature of Gait 4 Stride and Temporal Gait Parameters 5 Gait Analysis Methodologies 6 Accuracy and Reliability of Motion Analysis Systems 7 Biomechanical Modeling of Gait Data 8 Ground Reaction Forces and Plantar Pressures 9 Kinematics 10 Kinetics 11 Dynamic Electromyography 12 Energy Expenditure 13 Interpretation and Decision Making 14 Future Trends in Gait Analysis 15 Acknowledgments Keywords: automated motion tracking system; biomechanical modeling; electromyography; EMG; energy expenditure; euler angles; gait analysis; gait cycle; ground reaction force; kinematics; kinetics; walking
Synthesis, structure, and reactivity of iridium perfluorocarbene complexes: regio- and stereo-specific addition of HCl across a metal carbon double bond

Reductive activation of an α-fluorine in the perfluoroalkyl complexes Cp*(L)(I)Ir–CF2RF using Mg/graphite leads to perfluorocarbene complexes Cp*(L)IrCFRF (L = CO, PMe3; RF = CF3, C2F5, C6F5). New complexes E-Cp*(PMe3)IrCFC2F5 and E-Cp*(CO)IrCFC6F5 have been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies, and a comparison of metric parameters with previously reported analogues is reported. Experimental NMR and computational DFT (B3LYP/LACV3P**++) studies agree that for IrCFRF complexes (RF = CF3, CF2CF3) the thermodynamic preference for the E or Z isomer depends on the steric requirements of ligand L; when L = CO the Z-isomer (F cis to Cp*) is preferred and for L = PMe3 the E-isomer is preferred. When reduction of the precursors is carried out in the dark the reaction is completely selective to produce E- or Z-isomers. Exposure of solutions of these compounds to ambient light results in slow conversion to a photostationary non-equilibrium mixture of E and Z isomers. In the dark, these E/Z mixtures convert thermally to their preferred E or Z equilibrium geometries in an even slower reaction. A study of the temperature dependent kinetics of this dark transformation allows ΔG‡298 for rotation about the IrCFCF3 double bond to be experimentally determined as 25 kcal mol−1; a DFT/B3LYP/LACV3P**++ calculation of this rotation barrier is in excellent agreement (27 kcal mol−1) with the experimental value. Reaction of HCl with toluene solutions of Cp*(L)IrCFRF (L = CO, PMe3) or Cp*(CO)IrC(CF3)2 at low temperature resulted in regiospecific addition of HCl across the metal carbon double bond, ultimately yielding Cp*(L)Ir(CHFRF)Cl and Cp*(CO)Ir[CH(CF3)2]Cl. Reaction of HCl with single E or Z diastereomers of Cp*(L)IrCFRF gives stereospecific cis-addition to give single diastereomers of Cp*Ir(L)(CHFRF)Cl; addition of HCl to several different E/Z ratios of Cp*(L)IrCFRF affords ratios of diastereomeric products Cp*(L)Ir(CHFRF)Cl identical to the original ratio of starting material isomers. The addition of HCl is therefore demonstrated to be unambiguously regio- and stereo-specific. The observed product regiochemistry of addition of HCl to IrCF2, IrCFRF, and IrC(CF3)2 ligands is the same and is not dependent on the ground state energy preference (singlet or triplet) for the free perfluorocarbene. DFT calculations on model HCl addition reactions indicate that this regiochemistry is strongly preferred thermodynamically, but predict that in Hδ+–Clδ− addition to Cp(PH3)IrCF2, Hδ+ attack at Ir has a lower energy transition state, while for Cp(PH3)IrCFCF3 and Cp(PH3)IrC(CF3)2, Hδ+ attack at C is the kinetically preferred pathway. The carbene carbon atoms in IrCFCF3 and IrC(CF3)2 complexes are unambiguously basic towards HCl, while in the IrCF2 analogues the carbene carbon is less basic than its Ir partner, and the eventual regiochemistry of HCl addition arises from thermodynamic control.
Products of quasi-measures

A quasi-state is a positive functional on C(X) that is only assumed to be linear on singly-generated subalgebras. We consider the “iterated integral” of two quasi-states and determine when this gives a quasi-state on the product space. We also provide explicit formulas for the corresponding quasi-measures in case it does. Finally, we show the general failure of Fubini’s Theorem for quasi-states. If X is a compact, Hausdorff space, we let C(X) denote the collection of realvalued continuous functions on X . We let sp f denote the range of f . A quasi-state is a function ρ : C(X)→ R such that: (i) If f ≥ 0, then ρ(f) ≥ 0. (ii) ρ(1) = 1. (iii) If r ∈ R, then ρ(rf) = rρ(f). (iv) If φ,ψ ∈ C(sp f), then ρ(φ ◦ f + ψ ◦ f) = ρ(φ ◦ f) + ρ(ψ ◦ f). In [1], Aarnes answered the question of whether every quasi-state must be linear in the negative. He did this by establishing a correspondence between quasi-states and certain set functions. In particular, a function μ defined for the subsets of X that are either open or closed is a quasi-measure if: a) μ(A) ≥ 0 for all A. b) A ⊆ B implies that μ(A) ≤ μ(B). c) A ∩B = ∅ implies μ(A ∪B) = μ(A) + μ(B). d) If U is open, μ(U) = sup{μ(K) : K ⊆ U,K closed }. e) μ(X) = 1. The primary difference between a quasi-measure and a finitely additive measure is that quasi-measures do not have to be subadditive. The quasi-state ρ corresponds to the quasi-measure μ if μ(U) = sup{ρ(f) : 0 ≤ f ≺ U} for U open and μ(K) = inf{ρ(f) : K ≺ f} for K closed. Here, f ≺ U means that 0 ≤ f ≤ 1 and the support of f is contained in U . Also, K ≺ f means that f ≥ 0 and f ≥ 1 on K. This construction is detailed in [1], where a particular example of a quasi-measure that is not a measure is given. Other examples may be found in [2, 3] and [5]. Received by the editors October 26, 1994 and, in revised form, February 7, 1995. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 28C05. c ©1996 American Mathematical Society
Startle magnitude and prepulse inhibition: effects of alcohol and attention

Previous studies of the effects of attention on prepulse inhibition (PPI) have not accounted for the effects of attention on control (i.e. pulse alone) trials. In addition, there have been no studies of the effects of alcohol on the attentional modulation of PPI, even though alcohol putatively influences attentional mechanisms. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of alcohol on the attentional modulation of PPI, using an experimental paradigm that controlled for the effects of attention on control trials. Participants completed two experimental sessions spaced 1 week apart and consumed either three alcoholic drinks (target BAL=0.06) or three non-alcoholic drinks. Participants were exposed to a series of prepulse and pulse alone stimuli and were instructed to either listen or ignore prior to each stimulus. Repeated measures ANOVAs suggested that attention increased PPI and startle magnitude on pulse alone control trials. Alcohol decreased both startle magnitude and PPI. There was no significant interaction between attention and alcohol. These findings suggest that both startle magnitude and PPI are increased by attention and that failure to control for the effects of attention on control trials may result in an underestimation of the effect of attention on PPI. Furthermore, the effect of alcohol on attention does not appear to generalize to the voluntary attentional processes involved in the attentional modulation of PPI.
Utilizing active circuit elements for dynamic tuning and electronic scanning of CLL-loaded dipole antenna structure

Metamaterials have gained considerable research interest within the engineering community for close to two decades. However, a recent push has been made to apply metamaterials to create useful real-world applications. Previous work (Hodge, Anthony, Zaghloul, IEEE AP-S Symposium, 2014) has introduced an antenna enhancing structure consisting of capacitively-loaded loop (CLL) metamaterial elements arranged radially around a conventional dipole antenna at an electrically small distance. As a result of this arrangement, the dipole antenna is easily transformed into a directive, mechanically scanned antenna with high realized gain. The desired directivity and gain can be tuned based on the number of radial CLL “fins” placed around the dipole. Interactions between the antenna and metamaterial elements result in enhancement of the maximum radiated field amplitude and front-to-back ratio of the resulting directive pattern. However, this resonant antenna structure is limited by bandwidth considerations for many real-world applications. The work reported in the above-mentioned reference was compared with the conventional Yagi-Uda array design and showed similar results. This paper seeks to use active circuit elements embedded in the CLLs surrounding the dipole antenna to dynamically change the operating frequency of the antenna or to scan the directive beam electronically. The paper builds on other works that demonstrated tunable nonlinear metamaterials operating at microwave frequencies by utilizing varactor diodes (Shadrivov, et al., Applied Physics Letters, 93(16), 2008). The varactor diodes are embedded into each resonator such that the magnetic resonance is tuned by varying the input power, hence changing the capacitance of each resonator. The paper demonstrates frequency tuning ability using HFSS full-wave simulation by modeling the varactor diodes as small capacitive sheets on each individual CLL. A parametric study is performed to vary the capacitance of the embedded sheets and observe changes in resonant frequency and realized gain of the antenna structure. Simulation results of return loss and realized gain of the antenna structure demonstrate that operating bandwidth can be changed dynamically by actively changing the capacitance of the CLLs.
Curiethérapie des sarcomes des tissus mous des membres

The standard of care of local treatment for extremities soft tissue sarcomas relies on conservative surgery combined with external beam radiotherapy. Brachytherapy can be realized instead of external beam radiotherapy in selected cases, or more often used as a boost dose on a limited volume on the area at major risk of relapse, especially if a microscopic positive resection is expected. In these cases, this combination allows to obtain the best local control rates published. Close interaction and communication between radiation oncologist and surgeon are mandatory at the time of implantation to limit the risk of side effects. Long-term results are available for low-dose rate brachytherapy. Nowadays, pulsed dose rate is more often used. More limited experience has been reported for high dose rate.
Boundary value problems for the Fitzhugh-Nagumo equations

Abstract This paper is concerned with the study of the FitzHugh-Nagumo equations. These equations arise in mathematical biology as a model of the transmission of electrical impulses through a nerve axon; they are a simplified version of the Hodgkin-Huxley equations. The FitzHugh-Nagumo equations consist of a non-linear diffusion equation coupled to an ordinary differential equation. v t = v xx + f ( v ) − u , u t = σv − γu . We study these equations with either Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions, proving local and global existence, and uniqueness of the solutions. Furthermore, we obtain L ∞ estimates for the solutions in terms of the L 1 norm of the boundary data, when the boundary data vanish after a finite time and the initial data are zero. These estimates allow us to prove exponential decay of the solutions.