cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular Pathways: Adaptive Kinome Reprogramming in Response to Targeted Inhibition of the BRAF–MEK–ERK Pathway in Cancer

The central role of the BRAF-MEK-ERK pathway in controlling cell fate has made this pathway a primary target for deregulated activation in cancer. BRaf is activated by Ras proteins allowing Ras oncogenes to constitutively activate the pathway. Activating BRaf mutations are also frequent in several cancers, being the most common oncogenic mutation in thyroid carcinoma and melanoma. There are currently two inhibitors, vemurafenib and dabrafenib, approved for treatment of malignant melanoma having activating BRaf mutations. Concurrent administration of BRAF inhibitor and MEK inhibitor (trametinib) is significantly more active in patients with BRAF mutant melanoma than either single agent alone, but progression to resistance ultimately occurs by different mechanisms that increase the activation of ERK. Such adaptive changes in tumor cell signaling networks allows bypass of targeted oncoprotein inhibition. This is true with targeted inhibitors for BRaf and MEK as well as specific inhibitors for AKT, mTOR and many receptor tyrosine kinases such as EGFR and HER2. It is this adaptive response to targeted kinase inhibitors that contributes to the failure of single agent kinase inhibitors to have durable responses. This failure is seen in virtually all cancers treated with single agent kinase inhibitors, most of which are not as dependent on a single signaling pathway such as BRaf-MEK-ERK in melanoma. Thus, understanding the breadth of adaptive reprogramming responses to specific targeted kinase inhibition will be critical to develop appropriate combination therapies for durable clinical responses.
How Many Objects are You Worth? Quantification of the Self-Motion Load on Multiple Object Tracking.

Perhaps walking and chewing gum is effortless, but walking and tracking moving objects is not. Multiple object tracking is impaired by walking from one location to another, suggesting that updating location of the self puts demands on object tracking processes. Here, we quantified the cost of self-motion in terms of the tracking load. Participants in a virtual environment tracked a variable number of targets (1-5) among distractors while either staying in one place or moving along a path that was similar to the objects’ motion. At the end of each trial, participants decided whether a probed dot was a target or distractor. As in our previous work, self-motion significantly impaired performance in tracking multiple targets. Quantifying tracking capacity for each individual under move versus stay conditions further revealed that self-motion during tracking produced a cost to capacity of about 0.8 (±0.2) objects. Tracking your own motion is worth about one object, suggesting that updating the location of the self is similar, but perhaps slightly easier, than updating locations of objects.
Tolerance Induction to Cytoplasmic β-Galactosidase by Hepatic AAV Gene Transfer — Implications for Antigen Presentation and Immunotoxicity

Background Hepatic gene transfer, in particular using adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors, has been shown to induce immune tolerance to several protein antigens. This approach has been exploited in animal models of inherited protein deficiency for systemic delivery of therapeutic proteins. Adequate levels of transgene expression in hepatocytes induce a suppressive T cell response, thereby promoting immune tolerance. This study addresses the question of whether AAV gene transfer can induce tolerance to a cytoplasmic protein.
Partitioning evapotranspiration in semiarid grassland and shrubland ecosystems using time series of soil surface temperature

Information about the ratio of transpiration (T) to total evapotranspiration (T/ET) is related to critical global change concerns, including shrub encroachment and non-native species invasion. In this study, a new approach was developed to partition measurements of ET into daily evaporation (ED) and daily transpiration (TD) in a semiarid watershed based on the low- cost addition of an infrared thermometer and soil moisture sensors to existing eddy covariance and Bowen ratio systems. The difference between the mid-afternoon and pre-dawn soil surface temperature (Dt) was used to identify days when ED approached a seasonal minimum (EDmin) and thus, TDETDEDmin. For other days, an empirical approach was used to partition ETD into ED and TD based on volumetric soil moisture. The method was tested using Bowen ratio estimates of ET and continuous measurements of surface temperature with an infrared thermometer (IRT) at a grassland and shrubland site within the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in southeast Arizona USA in years 2004- 2006. Validation was based on a second dataset of Bowen ratio, IRT and shrub sap-flow measurements in 2003. Results showed that reasonable estimates of TD were obtained for a multi-year period with ease of operation and minimal cost. Estimates of TD and ED were summed over the study period when plants were actively transpiring for years 2004, 2005 and 2006 to estimate totals over the study period, TS and ES, respectively. Preliminary analysis suggests that the accuracy of TS estimates was 7% of the total measured sum and the precision of TS estimates was about 4%. For this study period, TS was related strongly to ETS, with a slope of 0.79 for the grass-dominated site and 0.64 for the shrub-dominated site for the 3 years. Thus, for these sites during the study period in these years, the TS/ETS was higher for the grass-dominated site than for the shrub-dominated site, and did not vary systematically with variation in amounts and timing of precipitation. The Dt-based parti- tioning method has potential for international application in other well-instrumented ecosystems but will need to be tested for application when evaporation is limited by energy rather than water.
The disappearing arsenal of antiparasitic drugs.

To the Editor: Parasitic infections remain scourges to people worldwide.1 Increasing international travel and immigration from countries where parasitic infections are endemic ensure that clinician...
Calcium Currents of Rhythmic Neurons Recorded in the Isolated Respiratory Network of Neonatal Mice

To obtain a quantitative characterization of voltage-activated calcium currents in respiratory neurons, we performed voltage-clamp recordings in the transverse brainstem slice of mice from neurons located within the ventral respiratory group. It is assumed that this medullary region contains the neuronal network responsible for generating the respiratory rhythm. This study represents one of the first attempts to analyze quantitatively the currents in respiratory neurons. The inward calcium currents of VRG neurons consisted of two components: a high voltage-activated (HVA) and a low voltage-activated (LVA) calcium current. The activation threshold of the HVA current was at −40 mV. It was fully activated (peak voltage) between −10 and 0 mV. The half-maximal activation ( V 50) was at −27.29 mV ± 1.15 ( n = 24). The HVA current was inactivated completely at a holding potential of −35 mV and fully deinactivated at a holding potential of −65 mV ( V 50, −52.26 mV ± 0.27; n = 18). The threshold for the activation of the LVA current was at −65 mV. This current had its peak voltage between −50 and −40 mV (mean, V 50 = −59.15 mV ± 0.21; n = 15). The LVA current was inactivated completely at a holding potential of −65 mV and deinactivated fully at a holding potential of −95 mV (mean, V 50 = −82.40 mV ± 0.32; n = 38). These properties are consistent with other studies suggesting that the LVA current is a T-type current. The properties of these inward currents are discussed with respect to their role in generating Ca2+ potentials that may contribute to the generation of the mammalian respiratory rhythm.
Novel coordination polymers and structural systematics in the hydrothermal M,M′trans-3(-3-pyridyl)acrylic acid system

The bifunctional ligand trans-3-(3-pyridyl)acrylic acid has been utilized to promote the formation of a novel hetero-metallic [Cu3(C8H6NO2)6Nd2(NO3)6] (1) and two homometallic: [Nd(C8H6NO2)3H2O] (2) and [Cu(C8H6NO2)2] x H2O (3) metal organic framework (MOF) materials. The philosophy here is that a mixture of hard (Nd3+) and softer metal cations will show preference for the carboxylic and pyridyl functional groups, respectively. As such, a 3-D topology 1 has emerged as a stable, heterometallic structure. Efforts to explore structural systematics in this system have led to the synthesis of homometallic end members and hence the formation of a 2-D coordination polymer 2, and a 1-D coordination polymer 3. Presented is an analysis of the effect of a second metal centre on coordination environment, overall structure formation, thermal and luminescence properties.
Analytical description of a nocturnal low-level jet

An exact analytical solution of the equation so f motion is presented for the Blackadar conceptual model of the nocturnal low-level jet as an inertial oscillation arising from the sudden release of frictional constraint (near-cessation of dry-convective turbulent mixing) near sunset. The jet is modelled as a transient one-dimensional boundary-layer phenomenon, with the release of frictional constraint emulated by an impulsively reduced mixing coefficient (eddy viscosity). Prior to the reduction, the flow is in an equilibrium state described by the classical steady-state Ekman solution. The dimensional parameters of the transient problem are the Coriolis parameter, the post- and pre-sunset eddy viscosities, and an imposed pressure gradient force. The corresponding non-dimensional problem is governed by a single parameter, the ratio of the post- and pre-sunset mixing coefficients. The solution is obtained by the method of Laplace transforms. Copyright c
The Structure and Function of Bacterial Actin Homologs

During the past decade, the appreciation and understanding of how bacterial cells can be organized in both space and time have been revolutionized by the identification and characterization of multiple bacterial homologs of the eukaryotic actin cytoskeleton. Some of these bacterial actins, such as the plasmid-borne ParM protein, have highly specialized functions, whereas other bacterial actins, such as the chromosomally encoded MreB protein, have been implicated in a wide array of cellular activities. In this review we cover our current understanding of the structure, assembly, function, and regulation of bacterial actins. We focus on ParM as a well-understood reductionist model and on MreB as a central organizer of multiple aspects of bacterial cell biology. We also discuss the outstanding puzzles in the field and possible directions where this fast-developing area may progress in the future.
Seeing into the Quantum World

A book review of "Physlet Quantum Physics: An Interactive Introduction," published by Prentice Hall and written by M. Belloni, W. Christian, and A. Cox.
Field reflectance calibration with grey standard reflectors

Abstract Spectral reflectances of natural targets are measured in comparison with white standards, even when target reflectances are substantially different from those of the white standards. With some targets, the differences are sufficient to require a change in radiometer gain settings. Under these circumstances, measurement errors could likely be reduced if calibration were with standards whose reflectances were closer to those of the targets. This paper describes field testing that compared a black and a grey standard with a white barium sulphate standard. Variations in the reflectance properties of the black and grey standards, although higher than variations in the white standard, were less than 6 percent. The availability and use of such standards would simplify and increase the accuracy of field measurements.
Primary pulmonary hypertension

Twenty-three cases of primary pulmonary hypertension, with autopsy confirmation, were studied. Female to male ratio was 5:1. Age at death ranged between eleven and fifty-six years with a median age of thirty-four years. Seven patients (30 per cent) gave a history of Raynaud's phenomenon, and three had arthritis. In addition to the accentuated pulmonic component of the second heart sound, systolic and diastolic murmurs of low grade intensity were sometimes present. An electrocardiographic pattern of right axis deviation and right ventricular hypertrophy was invariably present. Serologic changes were observed in three patients. Fourteen patients underwent cardiac catheterization. Mean pulmonary artery pressures were at least twice normal. Pulmonary blood flow was below normal in half the cases. Pulmonary vascular pathologic features were identified and graded, including arteriolar occlusive changes not previously emphasized. In ten cases there were minor thromboembolic changes. We found that marked reduction in pulmonary blood flow, observed at cardiac catheterization, was associated with advanced degrees of pulmonary plexiform lesions and with arteriolar occlusive changes found at autopsy. Thromboembolism was considered to be a complicating rather than an initiating feature. Clinically one third of our cases appeared to represent a "collagen" disease.
Analyzing BGP policies: methodology and tool

The robustness of the Internet relies heavily on the robustness of BGP routing. BGP is the glue that holds the Internet together: it is the common language of the routers that interconnect networks or autonomous systems (AS). The robustness of BGP and our ability to manage it effectively is hampered by the limited global knowledge and lack of coordination between autonomous systems. One of the few efforts to develop a globally analyzable and secure Internet is the creation of the Internet routing registries (IRRs). IRRs provide a voluntary detailed repository of BGP policy information. The IRR effort has not reached its full potential because of two reasons: a) extracting useful information is far from trivial, and b) its accuracy of the data is uncertain. In this paper, we develop a methodology and a tool (Nemecis) to extract and infer information from IRR and validate it against BGP routing tables. In addition, using our tool, we quantify the accuracy of the information of IRR. We find that IRR has a lot of inaccuracies, but also contains significant and unique information. Finally, we show that our tool can identify and extract the correct information from IRR discarding erroneous data. In conclusion, our methodology and tool close the gap in the IRR vision for an analyzable Internet repository at the BGP level
Emotional Processing Theory (EPT) and Exposure Therapy for PTSD.

Emotional processing theory developed by E. B. Foa and M. J. Kozak (1986) has informed the conceptualization of anxiety disorders and the development of effective treatments for these disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This article presents a summary and update of emotional processing theory as it applies to the treatment of PTSD, data in support of this theory, and clinical examples of how the theory can be used to assist in the treatment of clients with PTSD. Common difficulties confronted during exposure therapy for PTSD, including underengagement and overengagement, are discussed in the context of emotional processing theory and suggestions for how to manage these difficulties are presented.
The evolution and metamorphosis of the pharmacy practice model.

Evolution is generally defined as a slow progressive change occurring over a prolonged period of time. Conversely, metamorphosis is a dramatic change or even a rebirth occurring over a relatively short period. These forces have been in motion since the beginning of time and throughout all human
The challenges and opportunities in GHz microprocessor design on 0.13 /spl mu/m and beyond technologies

CMOS technology scaling continues to be the main driving force behind the advancement of high-performance microprocessors. As the feature size of CMOS transistors shrinks below 0.13 /spl mu/m, and gate delay is rapidly reduced below 20 ps, the frequency of leading edge microprocessors has well exceeded the 1 GHz barrier now. The combination of both transistor and frequency scaling has created many new challenges in high-speed CPU design. This paper addresses many of the key technical challenges in today's multi-GHz CPU design, including low-power and low-leakage design, high-speed and skew tolerant latching strategy, on-die high-speed cache, and robust design against soft-error. Potential design solutions are discussed.
Particle flow for nonlinear filters

We have solved the well known and important problem of particle degeneracy for particle filters. Our filter is roughly seven orders of magnitude faster than standard particle filters for the same estimation accuracy. The new filter is four orders of magnitude faster per particle, and it requires roughly three orders of magnitude fewer particles to achieve the same accuracy as a standard particle filter. Typically we beat the EKF or UKF accuracy by approximately two orders of magnitude for difficult nonlinear problems.
Mustard Green Manure Use in Eastern Washington State

In the irrigated region of Eastern Washington State, the use of mustard green manures in potato production has grown from 720 ha in 1999 to over 12,000 ha in 2010. Farmers are using the practice mainly before potatoes, and primarily for soil quality benefits. However, the practice has also shown potential for management of soilborne pests, including Verticillium dahliae and parasitic nematodes (Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. hapla). Research has confirmed these pest related benefits in a short wheat-potato rotation but results have been inconsistent in other rotations after a single green manure crop. Because of the low organic matter soils in this region, farmers are finding the soil quality benefits, such as increased infiltration rates and resistance to wind erosion, to be of greater value than the pest control benefits. Ongoing research to determine the pest suppression mechanisms of the practice holds promise of greater use and benefits to potato production in this region.
OVERVIEW OF SUPPORTED EMPLOYMENT

This article traces the emergence of supported employment as a result of philosophical changes in expectations for persons with disabilities, based on scientific developments that challenged traditional service-delivery models. Supported employment program characteristics also are reviewed, and the influence of applied behavior analysis is outlined. Finally, areas for future research in supported employment are discussed.
Ultrasound Diagnosis of a Common Carotid Artery Pseudoaneurysm

Pseudoaneurysms of the femoral artery occur frequently, often as a postinterventional complication.1 Iatrogenically induced pseudoaneurysms of the common carotid artery are less frequent. We report a case of a pseudoaneurysm of the common carotid artery that occurred following attempted placement of an internal jugular line.
MicroRNAs in Cancer

ED02-01 let-7 encodes a microRNA implicated in human cancer. Specifically, human let-7 is poorly expressed or deleted in lung cancer, and over-expression of let-7 in lung cancer cells inhibits their growth, demonstrating a role for let-7 as a tumor suppressor in lung tissue. let-7 is expressed in the developing mammalian lung and regulates the expression of important oncogenes implicated in lung cancer, suggesting a mechanism for let-7’s involvement in cancer. We are focused on the role of let-7 and other oncomirs in regulating proto-oncogene expression during development and cancer, and on using miRNAs to suppress tumorigenesis.
Building Community Capacity and Fostering Disaster Resilience.

OBJECTIVE: To describe, within an ecologically grounded framework, key principles, and recommendations for community-level intervention to build community capacity and promote disaster resilience. METHOD: Using an ecological framework, this article describes community resilience and related constructs and key principles for community-level disaster preparedness and response. RESULTS: Current research suggests the importance of focusing on bolstering resources that promote wellness and facilitate individual and community resilience in the face of disaster. CONCLUSION: We advocate for using an ecological framework grounded in such values as collaboration, social justice, empowerment, and an appreciation of diversity to guide disaster work with communities. We highlight the need to: (a) focus on building community-specific capacity for disaster preparedness, response, and recovery; (b) emphasize increasing the capacity and supportive potential of community members' natural settings to promote wellness; (c) address power and resource inequities; and (d) enhance capacity to ensure contextually and culturally appropriate structures, methods, and interventions.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en
Feasibility of reduced-dose 3D/4D-DSA using a weighted edge preserving filter

A conventional 3D/4D digital subtraction angiogram (DSA) requires two rotational acquisitions (mask and fill) to compute the log-subtracted projections that are used to reconstruct a 3D/4D volume. Since all of the vascular information is contained in the fill acquisition, it is hypothesized that it is possible to reduce the x-ray dose of the mask acquisition substantially and still obtain subtracted projections adequate to reconstruct a 3D/4D volume with noise level comparable to a full dose acquisition. A full dose mask and fill acquisition were acquired from a clinical study to provide a known full dose reference reconstruction. Gaussian noise was added to the mask acquisition to simulate a mask acquisition acquired at 10% relative dose. Noise in the low-dose mask projections was reduced with a weighted edge preserving (WEP) filter designed to preserve bony edges while suppressing noise. 2D log-subtracted projections were computed from the filtered low-dose mask and full-dose fill projections, and then 3D/4D-DSA reconstruction algorithms were applied. Additional bilateral filtering was applied to the 3D volumes. The signal-to-noise ratio measured in the filtered 3D/4D-DSA volumes was compared to the full dose case. The average ratio of filtered low-dose SNR to full-dose SNR was 1.07 for the 3D-DSA and 1.05 for the 4D-DSA, indicating the method is a feasible approach to restoring SNR in DSA scans acquired with a low-dose mask. The method was also tested in a phantom study with full dose fill and 22% dose mask.
Force-calcium relationship depends on myosin heavy chain and troponin isoforms in rat diaphragm muscle fibers.

The present study examined Ca2+ sensitivity of diaphragm muscle (Diam) fibers expressing different myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms. We hypothesized that Diam fibers expressing the MHCslow isoform...
ASUSat lab - Past, present, and future

The purpose of this paper is to give an in-depth example of a successful method to further engineering education. The significance of such an educational approach and the impact it can have on the student, the faculty, the university, and local industry are illustrated by the experiences of the Arizona State University Satellite Project ASUSatl. This discourse aims to show approaches to the implementation of such a project and focuses on the lessons learned from ASUSatl. A number of obstacles that exist are illustrated, and possible solutions to these challenges are presented. The authors present this example as a baseline model and foundation for new projects. This paper should give those who wish to start a similar project the needed information for a successful implementation.
Computational investigation of [FeFe]-hydrogenase models: Characterization of singly and doubly protonated intermediates and mechanistic insights

The [FeFe]-hydrogenase enzymes catalyze hydrogen oxidation and production efficiently with binuclear Fe metal centers. Recently the bioinspired H2-producing model system Fe2(adt)(CO)2(dppv)2 (adt=azadithiolate and dppv=diphosphine) was synthesized and studied experimentally. In this system, the azadithiolate bridge facilitates the formation of a doubly protonated ammonium-hydride species through a proton relay. Herein computational methods are utilized to examine this system in the various oxidation states and protonation states along proposed mechanistic pathways for H2 production. The calculated results agree well with the experimental data for the geometries, CO vibrational stretching frequencies, and reduction potentials. The calculations illustrate that the NH···HFe dihydrogen bonding distance in the doubly protonated species is highly sensitive to the effects of ion-pairing between the ammonium and BF4– counterions, which are present in the crystal structure, in that the inclusion of BF4– counterion...
Relating 4D Seismic and Production Data to Determine Steam Displacement Efficiency in SAGD Reservoirs

Summary Steam assisted gravity drainage, known as SAGD, has become a standard recovery technique for the oil sands of northern Alberta, however there are still significant challenges associated with using steam efficiently. The main controlling factor on SAGD economics is steam chamber size and shape (volumetric sweep efficiency). This paper will show how 4D seismic data has been used on a number of SAGD projects to define the steam chamber size and shape, for three different SAGD projects. By combining production data with 4D seismic data it is possible to infer the drainage efficiency of the injected steam. This workflow is a critical as it helps the operator characterize the remaining oil in place, it justifies additional expenses to increase ultimate recovery, and optimizes the production potential of a well pair or pad.
Thermodynamic models of low-temperature Mn-Ni-Si precipitation in reactor pressure vessel steels

Large volume fractions of Mn-Ni-Si (MNS) precipitates formed in irradiated light water reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels cause severe hardening and embrittlement at high neutron fluence. A new equilibrium thermodynamic model was developed based on the CALculation of PHAse Diagrams (CALPHAD) method using both commercial (TCAL2) and specially assembled databases to predict precipitation of these phases. Good agreement between the model predictions and experimental data suggest that equilibrium thermodynamic models provide a basis to predict terminal MNS precipitation over wider range of alloy compositions and temperatures, and can also serve as a foundation for kinetic modeling of precipitate evolution.
Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Gyroscopic Sensor: A Review

A gyroscopic orientation sensor is proposed using magnetic nanoparticles and electric current. Nanoparticles are spun in alternating magnetic fields. External forces imposed on the changing gyroscopic orientation of the nanoparticles cause a change in the strength of the magnetic field. The sensory effect of the magnetic strength is predicted using theoretical models for fluid friction, susceptibility, and local nanoparticle interactions. Fluid inertia and coupling between particles are negligible compared with the imposed field and are neglected to simplify the model. The configuration leads to an orientation sensor for detecting the change in orientation of nanoparticles in an alternating magnetic field.
Tempered time-fractional advection-dispersion equation for modeling non-Fickian transport

This study shows in detail how the classical time fractional advection-dispersion equation(TFADE) can be generalized using the concept of tempering.The generalized TFADE model is then approximated by a new spatiotemporal splitting method,which is computationally more efficient than the classical Eulerian solver due to the logic tempering of the time nonlocal dependence in solute transport.Numerical experiments show that the generalized TFADE model captures a broad range of non-Fickian diffusion,where the tempering parameter λ(which is the inverse of the characteristic time),fractional index γ,and mobile/immobile capacity coefficient β can control the nuance of transport behavior.The model also efficiently distinguishes the mobile phase from the total phase for solute transport through heterogeneous media,which is critical for practical applications.
Disadvantages of digitalis for atrial fibrillation.

Is mitral stenosis a “hidden variable” that argues against digitalis therapy in fibrillation? This is a crucial question with broad implications for cardiac hemodynamics.
Factors that impact clinical laboratory scientists' commitment to their work organizations.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the predictive ability of various aspects of the work environment for organizational commitment. METHODS: A questionnaire measuring three dimensions of organizational commitment along with five aspects of work environment and 10 demographic and work setting characteristics was sent to a national, convenience sample of clinical laboratory professionals. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: All persons obtaining the CLS certification by NCA from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2006. Only respondents who worked full-time in a clinical laboratory setting were included in the database. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Levels of affective, normative, and continuance organizational commitment, organizational support, role clarity, role conflict, transformational leadership behavior of supervisor, and organizational type, total years work experience in clinical laboratories, and educational level of respondents. Questionnaire items used either a 7-point or 5-point Likert response scale. RESULTS: Based on multiple regression analysis for the 427 respondents, organizational support and transformational leadership behavior were found to be significant positive predictors of affective and normative organizational commitment. Work setting (non-hospital laboratory) and total years of work experience in clinical laboratories were found to be significant positive predictors of continuance organizational commitment. Overall the organizational commitment levels for all three dimensions were at the neutral rating or below in the slightly disagree range. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate a less than optimal level of organizational commitment to employers, which were predominantly hospitals, by CLS practitioners. This may result in continuing retention problems for hospital laboratories. The results offer strategies for improving organizational commitment via the significant predictors. ABBREVIATIONS: ASCP = American Society for Clinical Pathology; CLS= clinical laboratory scientist as certified by NCA; MT = medical technologist as certified by ASCP; NCA=National Credentialing Agency for Laboratory Personnel; RT(R) = registered radiologic technologist as certified by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists.
Better together: Thinking anthropologically about genetics

What are the effects that genetics has had on Anthropological research and how can we think anthropologically about Genetics? Just as genetic data have encouraged new hypotheses about human phenotypic variation, evolutionary history, population interaction, and environmental effects, so too has Anthropology offered to genetic studies a new interpretive locus in its history and perspective. This introduction examines how the fields of Anthropology and Genetics have arrived at a crucial moment at which their interaction requires careful examination and critical reflection. The papers discussed here exemplify how we may engage in such a trans-disciplinary conversation. They speak to the future of thoughtful interaction between genetic and anthropological literature and seek a new integration that embodies the holism of the human biological sciences.
What Question Did You Ask

Remember that you will learn how to organize your responses to these questions in later chapters that are dedicated to your specific discipline. So the order of these questions does not serve as an organizational blueprint, but rather as a framework to ensure that you accomplish the main goal of introducing readers to your question and convincing them to care.
Coded QPSK using balanced incomplete block design

In this paper, a new M-ary modulation scheme based on quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) for application in bipolar energy constrained communication systems is presented. Balanced incomplete block designs (BIBD) are used for constructing the symbol alphabets. Each symbol is obtained by combining two bipolar BIBD codewords, one in-phase and the other quadrature-phase. Simple transmitter and receiver structures using shift registers are proposed. Due to the fixed cross-correlation property of BIBD codes, symbols have equal energies, and therefore, no threshold is needed to make a decision on the received signal. Because of the large distance between symbols, this scheme is more power efficient than standard QPSK. Because of the low spectral-efficiency of this constellation, it has a poor performance in dispersive channels, and therefore, an interleaver and deinterleaver are used to lower its error probability. The performance of various modulation schemes are compared using numerical results for an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and a bandwidth limited channel.
The emergence of a new specialty of oncocardiology

Advances in the field of oncology research and therapy have led to improved outcomes and survival in patients with cancer. Projections from the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database have shown a decreasing cancer incidence, with increasing survival now and in the coming years.1 With increasing survivorship, the prevalence of cardiotoxicities has also increased.2 Therefore, primary and oncology providers are encountering uncharted territory in the management of cancer therapy-related toxicities in their oncology patients and survivors.2 It is the need to manage these complications that has led to the development and growth of the field of oncocardiology.2 ,3 This editorial seeks to briefly summarise important aspects of oncocardiology and emphasise the necessity in growing this field. The field of oncocardiology predominantly focuses on cardiotoxic effects of cancer therapy (chemotherapy, radiation therapy and/or targeted therapy). Cardiotoxicity related to cancer therapy not only involves the development of cardiomyopathy by way of reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) …
Strengthening Integration Of Health Services And Systems

New care delivery models that hold providers more accountable for coordinated, high-quality care and the overall health of their patients have appeared in the US health care system, spurred by recent legislation such as the Affordable Care Act. These models support the integration of health care systems, but maximizing health and well-being for all individuals will require a broader conceptualization of health and more explicit connections between diverse partners. Integration of health services and systems constitutes the fourth Action Area in the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Culture of Health Action Framework, which is the subject of this article. This Action Area conceives of a strengthened health care system as one in which medical care, public health, and social services interact to produce a more effective, equitable, higher-value whole that maximizes the production of health and well-being for all individuals. Three critical drivers help define and advance this Action Area and identify gaps and needs that must be addressed to move forward. These drivers are access, balance and integration, and consumer experience and quality. This article discusses each driver and summarizes practice gaps that, if addressed, will help move the nation toward a stronger and more integrated health system.
Police Report Construction When Domestic Violence Surrounds or Involves Child-Parent Relationships

Child-parent relationships can complicate law enforcement responses to domestic violence. Little research has been conducted on the construction of police reports, particularly in domestic violence...
A Graph-Based Approach to Spatiotemporal Event Sequence Mining

Sequential pattern mining from spatiotemporal data has received much attention in recent years due to its broad application domains such as targeted advertising, location prediction for taxi services, and urban planning. The characteristics of spatiotemporal sequences vary widely depending on the discovered knowledge type. Most of the recent approaches focus on the point-based spatiotemporal data presumably because of its greater availability. However, the region-based spatiotemporal data, primarily obtained from scientific resources, has not received much attention. In this work, we introduce an algorithm for mining spatiotemporal event sequences (STESs) from trajectory-based event instances. We consider each instance to be associated with an event type. We propose a graph-based mining algorithm, which transforms the sequences of spatiotemporal trajectories into a directed acyclic graph, and discovers the frequently occurring sequences of event types. Our proposed algorithm adopts a pattern-growth based approach utilizing the directed edges from the graph and discovers the event sequences without expensive candidate generation steps.
A revised classification of von Willebrand disease. For the Subcommittee on von Willebrand Factor of the Scientific and Standardization Committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

A simplified phenotypic classification of von Willebrand disease is proposed that is based on differences in pathophysiology. Quantitative defects arc divided into partial deficiency (type 1) and severe deficiency (type 3). Qualitative defects (type 2) are divided into four subcategories. Type 2A refers to variants with decreased platelet-dependent function associated with the loss of high-molecular weight VWF multimers. Type 2B refers to variants with increased affinity for platelet glycoprotein lb. Type 2M refers to qualitatively abnormal variants with decreased platelet-dependent function not associated with the loss of high-molecular weight multimers. Type 2N refers to variants with decreased affinity for factor VIII. When recognized, mixed phenotypes caused by compound heterozygosity are indicated by separate classification of each allele. Standard amino acid and nucleotide numbering schemes are recommended for the description of mutations.
Health-Care Utilization and Complications of Endoscopic Esophageal Dilation in a National Population

BACKGROUND/AIMS Esophageal stricture is usually managed with outpatient endoscopic dilation. However, patients with food impaction or failure to thrive undergo inpatient dilation. Esophageal perforation is the most feared complication, and its risk in inpatient setting is unknown. METHODS We used National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for 2007-2013. International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes were used to identify patients with esophageal strictures. Logistic regression was used to assess association between hospital/patient characteristics and utilization of esophageal dilation. RESULTS There were 591,187 hospitalizations involving esophageal stricture; 4.2% were malignant. Endoscopic dilation was performed in 28.7% cases. Dilation was more frequently utilized (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; p<0.001), had higher in-hospital mortality (3.1% vs. 1.4%, p<0.001), and resulted in longer hospital stays (5 days vs. 4 days, p=0.01), among cases of malignant strictures. Esophageal perforation was more common in the malignant group (0.9% vs. 0.5%, p=0.007). Patients with malignant compared to benign strictures undergoing dilation were more likely to require percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy or jejunostomy (PEG/J) tube (14.1% vs. 4.5%, p<0.001). Palliative care services were utilized more frequently in malignant stricture cases not treated with dilation compared to those that were dilated. CONCLUSIONS Inpatient endoscopic dilation was utilized in 29% cases of esophageal stricture. Esophageal perforation, although infrequent, is more common in malignant strictures.
Diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography-derived fractional flow reserve a systematic review

Importance Computed tomography–derived fractional flow reserve (FFR-CT) is a novel, noninvasive test for myocardial ischemia. Clinicians using FFR-CT must be able to interpret individual FFR-CT results to determine subsequent patient care. Objective To provide clinicians a means of interpreting individual FFR-CT results with respect to the range of invasive FFRs that this interpretation might likely represent. Evidence Review We performed a systematic review in accordance with guidelines from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. A systematic search of MEDLINE (January 1, 2011, to 2016, week 2) and EMBASE (January 1, 2011, to 2016, week 2) was performed for studies assessing the diagnostic accuracy of FFR-CT. Title words used werecomputed tomographyorcomputed tomographicandfractional flow reserveorFFR. Results were limited to publications in peer-reviewed journals. Duplicate studies and abstracts from scientific meetings were removed. All of the retrieved studies, including references, were reviewed. Findings There were 908 vessels from 536 patients in 5 studies included in the analysis. A total of 365 (68.1%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 63.2 (9.5) years. The overall per-vessel diagnostic accuracy of FFR-CT was 81.9% (95% CI, 79.4%-84.4%). For vessels with FFR-CT values below 0.60, 0.60 to 0.70, 0.70 to 0.80, 0.80 to 0.90, and above 0.90, diagnostic accuracy of FFR-CT was 86.4% (95% CI, 78.0%-94.0%), 74.7% (95% CI, 71.9%-77.5%), 46.1% (95% CI, 42.9%-49.3%), 87.3% (95% CI, 85.1%-89.5%), and 97.9% (95% CI, 97.9%-98.8%), respectively. The 82% (overall) diagnostic accuracy threshold was met for FFR-CT values lower than 0.63 or above 0.83. More stringent 95% and 98% diagnostic accuracy thresholds were met for FFR-CT values lower than 0.53 or above 0.93 and lower than 0.47 or above 0.99, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance The diagnostic accuracy of FFR-CT varies markedly across the spectrum of disease. This analysis allows clinicians to interpret the diagnostic accuracy of individual FFR-CT results. In combination with patient-specific factors, clinicians can use FFR-CT to judge when the cost and risk of an invasive angiogram may safely be avoided.
Pathophysiology of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

The discovery of a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13) revolutionized our approach to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Inherited or acquired ADAMTS13 deficiency allows the unrestrained growth of microthrombi that are composed of von Willebrand factor and platelets, which account for the thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, schistocytes, and tissue injury that characterize TTP. Most patients with acquired TTP respond to a combination of plasma exchange and rituximab, but some die or acquire irreversible neurological deficits before they can respond, and relapses can occur unpredictably. However, knowledge of the pathophysiology of TTP has inspired new ways to prevent early deaths by targeting autoantibody production, replenishing ADAMTS13, and blocking microvascular thrombosis despite persistent ADAMTS13 deficiency. In addition, monitoring ADAMTS13 has the potential to identify patients who are at risk of relapse in time for preventive therapy.
A dialogical model for studio critiques in Design Education

In this study I present a model of feedback typologies for design education to support sustainable assessments during critique sessions and the results of a qualitative research conducted to evalua...
Dissociative Identity Disorder

Dissociative identity disorder (DID), formerly known as multiple personality disorder (MPD), is a complex, chronic, posttraumatic dissociative psychopathology (Kluft, 1987a; Loewenstein, 1991) characterized by disturbances of memory and identity (Nemiah, 1980). It is distinguished from other mental disorders by the ongoing coexistence of relatively consistent but alternating subjectively separate identities and either recurrent episodes of memory disruption, frank amnesia, or both, and/or amnesia for a period of noncontemporary autobiographic memory. It almost invariably emerges as the sequela of overwhelming childhood experiences (Putnam, Guroff, Silberman, Barban, & Post, 1986; Spiegel, 1984, 1991). Its childhood form is often rather simple and its traumatic antecedents frequently can be documented with facility (e.g., Faganand & McMahan, 1984; Kluft, 1984a, 1985a; Hornstein & Putnam, 1992; Coons, 1994). However, it appears that in some adult cases, secondary autonomy of the defense of alter formation and function, the development of additional complexity, and a reworking of childhood experiences occur during adolescence. By virtue of this metamorphosis, the adult form often becomes rather intricate in its structure, and adult patients’ given histories demonstrate the interplay of historical events, fantasy, confabulation, postevent information, and the impact of many nontraumatic exogenous influences (Kluft, 1995, in press a).
Finding the needle in the haystack: towards solving the protein-folding problem computationally

Prediction of protein tertiary structures from amino acid sequence and understanding the mechanisms of how proteins fold, collectively known as “the protein folding problem,” has been a grand chall...
Proceedings of the 9th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking

It is my great pleasure to welcome you to MobiCom 2003, the Ninth Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, and to beautiful, sunny San Diego. This year, MobiCom returns for the first time to California, where the first MobiCom was held in Berkeley in 1995. MobiCom has grown substantially since then, from a brand new conference with a strong vision, to the MobiCom of today, firmly established as the premier international forum for research in all areas of mobile computing and wireless and mobile networking at the link layer and above. MobiCom is the place to be in this exciting research area.This year's MobiCom features a very strong technical program, assembled under the expert leadership of Program Co-Chairs Anthony Joseph and Nitin Vaidya. Together with the Technical Program Committee, they undertook the difficult job of carefully evaluating the large number of submitted papers, considering the merits of each through detailed reviews and discussions at the Program Committee meeting, and selecting a technical program of the highest caliber. I would like to thank Nitin and Anthony for their dedication to putting together this great technical program for the conference, and thank all of the authors for submitting their work to MobiCom. In addition, we are fortunate to have what is sure to be an excellent Keynote Speech by Dr. Paul J. Kolodzy, Director of the Wireless Network Security Center (WiNSeC) at Stevens Institute of Technology. Dr. Kolodzy's previous work also includes serving as Senior Spectrum Policy Advisor and Director of the Spectrum Policy Task Force at the United States FCC, and as a Program Manager at DARPA.On the two days before the main conference, we have five tutorials on the latest research areas and background topics in mobile computing and networking, presented by experts in the field; Tutorial Co-Chairs Atul Adya and Jean-Pierre Hubaux did an excellent job of selecting this high quality tutorial program. The day after the main conference features five concurrent full-day workshops on emerging topics related to mobile computing and networking, each organized separately; I hope you be able to stay and take advantage of this great opportunity.On Thursday morning, the conference will feature a lively, informative, and controversial panel discussion on the challenges of a more secure wireless and mobile future; I would like to thank Martha Steenstrup for serving as Panels Chair and Zygmunt Haas for moderating this panel session. The conference also features a combined research demos and student poster session; David Maltz deserves thanks for the huge job of coordinating the demo session and the space and logistical requirements of each demo, and Nigel Davies and James Kempf did an excellent job, under tight time constraints, of selecting the student posters to be presented at the session.