cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The localization of mcalpain in myelin: immunocytochemical evidence in different areas of rat brain and nerves

A major part of brain mcalpain activity has been found associated with myelin, but its presence in the myelin sheath has not been clearly demonstrated by microscopic (morphological) means. Using myelin mcalpain antisera the localization of mcalpain has been investigated in tissue of rat CNS and PNS by immunohistochemical methods. These experiments also have been carried out by double labeling studies using antibodies to myelin basic protein (MBP) and neurofilament protein (NFP). Our results indicate calpain/MBP immunoreactivity in the myelin sheath surrounding the axon while NFP antibody stained inside the axon in spinal cord, pons, cerebellum, trigeminal nerve, and sciatic nerve. Patches of light immunoreactivity of calpain were also seen in the axonal cytoplasm. The calpain immunostaining of myelin was similar to that of MBP staining indicating the presence of calpain in myelin. This finding supports the view that calpain is a constituent of myelin, may be involved in the normal turnover of myelin proteins. In pathological situations such as in demyelinating and other brain degenerative diseases, myelin may be autodigestive.
Disaster Related Stresses, Depressive Signs and Symptoms, and Suicidal Ideation Among a Multi-Racial/Ethnic Sample of Adolescents: A Longitudinal Analysis

Longitudinal findings are presented on the relationships between disaster related stresses, depression scores, and suicidal ideation among a multi-racial/ethnic sample of adolescents (N = 4,978) all of whom have been exposed to Hurricane Andrew. Regression analysis showed that being female, hurricane generated stresses, low levels of family support, pre-hurricane suicidal ideation, and post-hurricane depression scores were significant predictors of post-hurricane suicidal ideation. Path analysis revealed that being female, low socioeconomic status, pre- and post-hurricane depression, high stress scores, low family support, and pre-hurricane suicidal ideation had significant direct/indirect effects on post-hurricane suicidal ideation.
Be a Part of AGU in 2014

As the end of the year approaches, remember the many reasons to renew your AGU membership dues for 2014: As an AGU member, you can participate in AGU meetings at special member rates, access Eos, enjoy a 35% discount off the list price of AGU and Wiley books, and be recognized for your work (and recognize others) through AGU's honors and recognition programs.
T-Mycoplasmas from Urine and Vaginal Specimens: Decreased Rates of Isolation and Growth in the Presence of Thallium Acetate

There is disagreement in the literature regarding the effect of the bacteriostatic agent, thallium acetate, on the isolation of T-mycoplasmas from clinical material. Therefore, the effect of 0.196, 0.0596, 0.025 96, and 0.0296 thallium acetate on the isolation of T-mycoplasmas from vaginal and urine cultures was tested. All concentrations tested retarded the growth of T-mycoplasmas and reduced the total number of isolations. Selective agents that prevent bacterial overgrowth are essential components of media used for the isolation of mycoplasms from clinical specimens. Thallium acetate is an effective bacteriostatic agent. Large-colony mycoplasmas are highly resistant to its inhibitory effect, and it has been used extensively for the primary isolation of myco
Fabrication and cellular compatibility of aligned chitosan–PCL fibers for nerve tissue regeneration

The ability to produce aligned sub-micron fibers may open new avenues for the development of scaffolds for application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. An area of particular interest is functional restoration of damaged or diseased nerves where the aligned fibers serve to support cell adhesion and proliferation, and guide neurite outgrowth in the direction of fiber orientation. In this study, we developed an aligned chitosan–polycaprolactone (chitosan–PCL) fibrous scaffold and investigated how the fiber alignment influenced nerve cell organization and function in comparison with randomly oriented fibrous scaffolds and cast films of the same material. Schwann cells (SCs) were shown to attach and proliferate on all the substrates regardless of their topography, demonstrating the cellular compatibility of the chitosan–PCL material. SCs grown on the aligned chitosan–PCL fibers exhibited a bipolar morphology that oriented along the fiber alignment direction, while those on the films and randomly oriented fibers had a multipolar morphology. Similarly, the chitosan–PCL material supported neuron-like PC-12 cell adhesion, and the aligned fibers regulated the growth of PC-12 cells along the fiber orientation. Additionally, PC-12 cells cultured on the aligned fibers exhibited enhanced unidirectional neurite extension along fiber orientation and significantly higher β-tubulin gene expression than those grown on chitosan–PCL films and randomly oriented fibers. Our investigation suggested that the aligned chitosan–PCL fibers can serve as a suitable scaffold for improved nerve tissue reconstruction.
"Frozen" Transition States: Pentavalent Carbon et al.

Organic ligands have been designed for the stabilization of specific geometries of compounds of nonmetallic elements. These ligands have made possible the isolation, or direct observation, of large numbers of trigonal bipyramidal organo-nonmetallic species. Many of these species are analogs of transition states for nucleophilic displacement reactions and have been stabilized by the ligands to such a degree that they have become ground-state energy minima. Ideas derived from research on these species have been applied to carbon species to generate a molecule that is an analog of the transition state for the associative nucleophilic displacement reaction. The molecule is a pentavalent carbon species that has been observed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Century-long monitoring of solar irradiance and Earth's albedo using a stable scattering target in space

An inert sphere of a few meters diameter, placed in a special stable geosynchronous orbit in perpetuo, can be used for a variety of scientific experiments. Ground-based observations of such a sphere, "GeoSphere", can resolve very difficult problems in measuring the long-term solar irradiance. GeoSphere measurements will also help us understand the evolution of Earth's albedo and climate over at least the next century.
Trabecular bone structural variation in biopsy sites of the beagle ilium.

Iliac trabecular bone sites were studied in 2 male and 2 female adult beagles to determine normal structural variability among different sites, and to identify transilial biopsy sites with minimum structural variation. Only sites that provided adequate amounts of trabecular bone were studied. Trabecular bone area and perimeter were measured on microradiographs of ground sagittal sections using a Quantimet 720 image analyzer, and percent bone, perimeter to area ratio, and mean trabecular width were calculated. Over 100% variation was found in the parameters studied among sections from different sites within the same animal. However, variability was minimal among sections obtained more than 2 mm from the lateral or medial cortex within the most caudal sites evaluated. Two sites appropriate for sampling with an 8 mm trephine were identified as being centered over the following points: (a) a point 7 mm caudal to the cranial dorsal spine and 7 mm ventral to the tuber sacrale, and (b) a point 7 mm caudal to the cranial ventral spine and 7 mm dorsal to the tuber coxae. Comparison of data obtained from males and females indicated that sampling variation may also be reduced by using dogs of one sex and by preferential use of males.
MOSAIC TOLERANCE IN NICOTIANA TABACUM

TwO TYPES OF resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) have been investigated extensively. The necrotic response characteristic of N. glutinosa and other species of the genus has been successfully transferred to commercial strains of tabacum. This type of resistance at first was considered of doubtful value since under conditions of higher temperatures (70?F. or above) systemic necrosis may result (McKinney and Clayton 1945). A search for resistance among varieties of N. tabacum led to the discovery of two from Colombia which failed to exhibit mosaic symptoms even following heavy exposure to the virus.
The Relation between Discipline Experiences and the Expression of Aggression

Psychological studies of the relationship between discipline experiences and the expression of aggression have produced remarkably consistent findings. These may be summed up in the following proposition: experience of psychological (or love-oriented) techniques of discipline encourages the inhibition of aggressive impulses in adults or the direction of these aggressive impulses inward onto the self, whereas experience of physical techniques of punishment encourages the outward expression of aggression.
Intravascular Ultrasound in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Iliac Vein Compression (May-Thurner) Syndrome

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging and venography of the left common femoral and iliac veins were performed in 16 patients. The studies were evaluated for the anatomic cause of obstruction and how IVUS influenced endovascular management. IVUS demonstrated the cause of vessel compression in all 16 patients. Other findings, such as associated thrombus and guide wire localization within the residual vessel lumen, can modify the approach to intervention in as many as 50% of patients. IVUS is a useful adjunct in the diagnosis and endovascular management of iliac vein compression syndrome.
Idioblasts and other unusual internal foliar secretory structures in Scrophulariaceae

Leaf samples of mostly herbarium specimens (237 species of 172 genera) were cleared. Internal secretory structures of large size or unusual shape were detected and observed. Selected samples were processed into resin and sectioned for light microscopy or prepared for scanning electron microscopy. Adding results from two earlier publications, our survey includes 365 species from 174 genera. Five types of internal secretory structure, mostly unknown previously in the traditional Scrophulariaceae, occur in only nine genera: 1) single-celled subepidermal idioblasts, empty at maturity, in Scrophularia and Verbascum (Lersten and Curtis 1997), 2) 2–16 (or more)-celled nodules, with fibrous contents, in mid-mesophyll strata of Graderia and Radamaea, 3) epithelium-lined oil cavities in Leucophyllum (Lersten and Beaman 1998) and Capraria, 4) Kranz-type enlarged bundle sheath in Anticharis, and 5) paraveinal mesophyll (PVM) in Picria and Bonnaya.
The costs of human locomotion: maternal investment in child transport.

This article investigates maternal investment in child carrying and presents a method for determining when it is energetically advantageous for a mother to carry her child rather than force her child to walk independently. I calculate maternal and child energy consumption while walking and develop correction factors to facilitate making these energy calculations for young children. In addition, I investigate the effect of maternal burdens in addition to the child and of external nutritional support on energy consumption. Since maternal energy is a finite resource, the "decision" to carry a child or force it to walk independently is especially important. This decision can be predicted from the body mass of the mother and child and the child's age. If the mother provides all of the child's nutrition, then the mother should choose to carry her child only when the energy usage of the mother carrying the child is less than the sum of the energy used when the mother and child walk independently. The critical velocity, when the two expenditures are equal, can then be determined. Several general hypotheses are also addressed. The critical velocity of a 60 kg mother with a 4-year-old child approximately equals the average walking speed of adult humans. For a lighter mother, the critical velocity is reached when her child is 3 years old, while for heavier mother this point is not reached until her child is 6 years old. The effect of burdens in addition to the child's mass is minimal. Nutritional support of the child by agencies other than the mother decreases the age at which the mother should force the child to walk independently. In some cases, especially for the lightest mothers, it is never in the mother's best energetic interest to carry her child. Language: en
Stressor-induced increase in muscle fatigability of young men and women is predicted by strength but not voluntary activation

This study investigated mechanisms for the stressor-induced changes in muscle fatigability in men and women. Participants performed an isometric-fatiguing contraction at 20% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) until failure with the elbow flexor muscles. Study one (n = 55; 29 women) involved two experimental sessions: 1) a high-stressor session that required a difficult mental-math task before and during a fatiguing contraction and 2) a control session with no mental math. For some participants (n = 28; 14 women), cortical stimulation was used to examine mechanisms that contributed to muscle fatigability during the high-stressor and control sessions. Study two (n = 23; nine women) determined the influence of a low stressor, i.e., a simple mental-math task, on muscle fatigability. In study one, the time-to-task failure was less for the high-stressor session than control (P 0.05). The greater fatigability, when exposed to a high stressor during a low-force task, was not exclusive to women but involved a strength-related mechanism in both weaker men and women that accelerated declines in voluntary activation and slowing of contractile properties.
Nuclear capture of negative μ mesons in photographic emulsions

Ilford C-2 emulsions have been exposed to negative μ mesons from the University of Chicago cyclotron. The μ mesons were separated from the π mesons of the same momentum by utilizing the difference in the ranges of the μ and π mesons in Cu. About 24 000 meson tracks which stopped in the emulsion have been studied. In 591 cases (2.4 percent) the stopped meson is accompanied by the emission of one or more charged particles. A large percentage of these «stars» are one prong stars. The energy distributions of protons and alpha-particles from the one prong stars have been obtained. The general shapes of the energy distribution curves indicate that the protons and alpha-particles from these stars are mostly evaporation products from a moderately excited nucleus such as silver or bromine. The average energy of the charged particles from these stars is lower than from negative π meson stars. The negative π meson contamination is found to be less than 0.3 percent. In several cases the characteristics of the star make it possible to identify the nucleus in which the meson was captured and to evaluate the energy given to the nucleus. In these cases the energy given to the nucleus is found sometimes to be as high as 45 MeV.
Media Convergence and the Impact of the Internet on the M&A Activity of Large Media Companies

AbstractThis study develops an analytical framework which helpsexplain how media convergence can impact ownership decisions of largemedia companies. It then uses data on nine large U.S. media companies toexamine what impact the Internet and media convergence have had on their M&A activity. The study finds that how a firm conceptualizes theInternet relative to its existing business has a significant impact on M&Aactivity—and understanding investing in the Internet as being more about change than simply growth is key to success.
Production of Pyridoxine and Niacin by Chlorella vulgaris and C. pyrenoidosa

Two species of Chlorella were compared with respect to their content of niacin and of the pyridoxine-pyridoxal-pyridoxamine complex (B 6 ) after different periods of incubation. Despite decreasing concentration of the vitamins (mmcg./mg. dry weight of cell material) in both species during the 3-week culture period, the total yield of each vitamin (mmcg./ml. of harvested culture) increased due to the substantial gain in total cell mass. The two species are roughly comparable in their ability to produce niacin but differ with respect to B 6 . The niacin and B 6 content of both species compares favorably with that of conventional foods from the vegetable kingdom.
Mining temporal lag from fluctuating events for correlation and root cause analysis

The importance of mining time lags of hidden temporal dependencies from sequential data is highlighted in many domains including system management, stock market analysis, climate monitoring, and more. Mining time lags of temporal dependencies provides useful insights into understanding the sequential data and predicting its evolving trend. Traditional methods mainly utilize the predefined time window to analyze the sequential items or employ statistic techniques to identify the temporal dependencies from the sequential data. However, it is a challenging task for existing methods to find time lag of temporal dependencies in the real world, where time lags are fluctuating, noisy, and tend to be interleaved with each other. This paper introduces a parametric model to describe noisy time lags. Then an efficient expectation maximization approach is proposed to find the time lag with maximum likelihood. This paper also contributes an approximation method for learning time lag to improve the scalability without incurring significant loss of accuracy. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real data sets are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of proposed methods.
Loin Pain Hematuria Syndrome

Loin pain hematuria syndrome is a rare disease with a prevalence of ∼0.012%. The most prominent clinical features include periods of severe intermittent or persistent unilateral or bilateral loin pain accompanied by either microscopic or gross hematuria. Patients with loin pain hematuria syndrome initially present with hematuria, flank pain, or most often both hematuria and flank pain. Kidney biopsies from patients with loin pain hematuria typically reveal only minor pathologic abnormalities. Further, loin pain hematuria syndrome is not associated with loss of kidney function or urinary tract infections. Loin pain hematuria syndrome–associated hematuria and pain are postulated to be linked to vascular disease of the kidney, coagulopathy, renal vasospasm with microinfarction, hypersensitivity, complement activation on arterioles, venocalyceal fistula, abnormal ureteral peristalsis, and intratubular deposition of calcium or uric acid microcrystals. Many patients with loin pain hematuria syndrome also meet criteria for a somatoform disorder, and analgesic medications, including narcotics, commonly are used to treat loin pain hematuria syndrome–associated pain. Interventional treatments include renal denervation, kidney autotransplantation, and nephrectomy; however, these methods should be used only as a last resort when less invasive measures have been tried unsuccessfully. In this review article, we discuss and critique current clinical practices related to loin pain hematuria syndrome pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
Do Measures of Executive Functioning and Manipulation of Ego Depletion Predict How University Students Discount Probabilistic Gains and Losses

Discounting occurs when the subjective value of an outcome is altered because the outcome is delayed or uncertain. Previous research has suggested that how individuals discount delayed gains is related to executive functioning. The present study attempted to extend this relationship to discounting of probabilistic gains and losses, and to examine whether diminishing cognitive resources would impact how participants discounted monetary outcomes. In Experiment 1, university students completed an executive function measure and then a probability-discounting task that involved the hypothetical sum of either $1,000 or $100,000 framed as either a gain or a loss. The executive function of organization was a significant predictor of how participants discounted all four outcomes while motivational drive predicted discounting of losses, but not gains. In Experiment 2, participants completed the same measures with the addition of an ego-depletion task to deplete cognitive resources before making discounting decisions. The executive function of motivational drive and empathy were significant predictors of how participants discounted both loss outcomes. The results suggest that discounting of monetary outcomes is related to the executive function of organization for gains and motivational drive, and empathy for losses. They also support the notion that the discounting of gains may be a distinct process from the discounting of losses.
Analysis of a Hydrodynamic Bearing Under Transverse Vibration of an Axially Moving Band

This paper presents a mathematical model of the flow and pressure developed in a hydrodynamic guide bearing film under transverse vibration of a translating band. The perturbed pressure is derived in the frequency domain based on a linearized, incompressible fluid film model. Unsteady fluid inertia is included in the model. The perturbed pressure is generated by two mechanisms, one caused by the band convection, and the other by the band transverse vibration. Results for both the transient and steady state responses of the film are presented and discussed
Sudden unexplained death syndrome in Southeast Asia

would like to discuss the phenomenon of sudden unexplained death among young Thai men and other Southeast Asians. At the end of the Vietnam war, there was a rush of Laotian and Cambodian refugees to the United States. In 1976 and 1977, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) observed an unusually high death rate among young men who had come from that region. In the CDC summary of the findings on Southeast Asians, the term “sudden unexplained death syndrome” (SUDS) was coined. The rise in mortality figures peaked around 1981-1982 (Figure l), reaching about 25 per 100,000.’ A total of 121 cases were intensively reviewed. Most of the deaths (in contrast to artery-related sudden cardiac death) occurred between 10:00 py and 8:OO AM, i.e., overnight while the victims were asleep. Their mean age was approximately 32 years (range 16-63) and 68% of the victims came from Laos, 18% from Cambodia, and 13% from Vietnam. lS-
Alcohol as the aversive stimulus in conditioned taste aversion

Multiple pairings of alcohol injections with saccharin-flavored water produced a long-lasting aversion to the normally preferred saccharin solution. Alcohol injections of 1.76 g/kg produced a strong aversion to saccharin-flavored water while injections of 1.17 g/kg produced only a moderate aversion. Single pairings of alcohol and saccharin-flavored water were not effective in producing an aversion.
Teacher attitudes on coping with grief in the public school classroom

Public school teachers are in a unique position to assist grieving children; however, preparation to meet this need is not typically included in teacher training. This study replicated a previous study with early childhood teachers (Pratt, Hare, & Wright, 1987) while also including the “Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R)” (Wong, Reker, & Gesser, 1994). With a sample taken from two communities, this study established teacher attitudes toward death and dying and their self-perceived ability to assist grieving students. The findings are compared with the findings from the original study by Pratt et al. (1987) and with norms for the DAP-R established by Wong et al. (1994). Both the quantitative and qualitative findings indicate the need for further teacher preparation in dealing with bereaved children. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fine structure of the ovary in the red abalone Haliotis rufescens (Mollusca: Gastropoda)

The ovary of the red abalone consists of a series of trabeculae or polygonal chambers that extend from the ovarian wall toward the wall of the digestive gland. The ovarian wall consists of smooth muscle cells and bundles of collagen fibrils, that extend into the trabeculae. Presynthetic, synthetic and early postsynthetic oocytes are surrounded by a single layer of follicle cells which bind these oocytes to the trabeculae. The follicle cells contain bundles of microfilaments. Mature oocytes lack a follicle cell layer and are found free in the chambers formed by the trabeculae. Each oocyte is surrounded by a vitelline layer, a chorion, and a thick jelly coat. Stages in the formation of these layers are described. It is suggested that prior to spawning the trabeculae detach from the wall of the digestive gland and retract toward the ovarian wall. Contractions of the ovarian wall may force oocytes out of the ovary into the seawater where fertilization occurs.
Predictors of Self-Projection, Fantasy Fulfillment, and Escapism

Summary Recent research into fantasy, multisensory stimulation, and emotion has led to the identification of several distinct types of behavior. Four of these are examined in the present study: Problem Projection, Role Projection, Fantasy Fulfillment Purchasing, and Escapism. The sample consisted of 532 adults who were administered structured questionnaires. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the characteristics of persons engaging in each type of behavior.
Signaling Function of Heme Oxygenase Proteins

Significance: Many reports have underscored the importance of the heme degradation pathway that is regulated by heme oxygenase (HO). This reaction releases bile pigments and carbon monoxide (CO), which are important antioxidant and signaling molecules. Thus, the reaction of HO-1 would have significant cytoprotective effects. Nevertheless, the importance of this protein goes beyond its enzymatic action. New evidence outlines significant effects of inactive forms of the HO-1 protein. Recent Advances: In fact, the role of the HO protein in cellular signaling, including transcription factor activation, binding to proteins, phosphorylation, and modulation of protein function, among others, has started being elucidated. The mechanism by which the inducible form of HO-1, in particular, can migrate to various cellular compartments to mediate important signaling or how and why it binds to key transcription factors and other proteins that are important in DNA repair is also described in several physiologic systems. Critical Issues: The signaling functions of HO-1 may have particular relevance in clinical circumstances, including cancer, as redistribution of HO-1 into the nuclear compartment is observed with cancer progression and metastasis. In addition, along with oxidative stress, the pleiotropic functions of HO-1 modulate antioxidant defense. In organ transplantation, HO and its byproducts suppress rejection at multiple levels and in sepsis-induced pulmonary dysfunction, inhaled CO or modulation of HO activity can change the course of the disease in animals. Future Directions: It is hoped that a more detailed understanding of the various signaling functions of HO will guide therapeutic approaches for complex diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 20, 1743–1753.
Integral transform gaussian wavefunctions for H+2

Abstract The ground state energies of H + 2 were calculated for the internuclear separations R = 1.0, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 au. The integral transform gaussian functions k ν ( qr ) were used as atomic orbitals. The results surpass corresponding results obtained with scaled 1s functions. The equilibrium internuclear separation was found to be at R = 1.97 au, with a total energy - 0.5896 au.
Magnetic and Contrast Properties of Labeled Platelets for Magnetomotive Optical Coherence Tomography

This article introduces a new functional imaging paradigm that uses optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect rehydrated, lyophilized platelets (RL platelets) that are in the preclinical trial stage and contain superparamagnetic iron oxides (SPIOs) approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Platelets are highly functional blood cells that detect and adhere to sites of vascular endothelial damage by forming primary hemostatic plugs. By applying magnetic gradient forces, induced nanoscale displacements (magnetomotion) of the SPIO-RL platelets are detected as optical phase shifts in OCT. In this article, we characterize the iron content and magnetic properties of SPIO-RL platelets, construct a model to predict their magnetomotion in a tissue medium, and demonstrate OCT imaging in tissue phantoms and ex vivo pig arteries. Tissue phantoms containing SPIO-RL platelets exhibited >3 dB contrast/noise ratio at ≥1.5 × 109 platelets/cm3. OCT imaging was performed on ex vivo porcine arteries after infusion of SPIO-RL platelets, and specific contrast was obtained on an artery that was surface-damaged (P < 10−6). This may enable new technologies for in vivo monitoring of the adherence of SPIO-RL platelets to sites of bleeding and vascular damage, which is broadly applicable for assessing trauma and cardiovascular diseases.
The Late Lytic LMP-1 Protein of Epstein-Barr Virus Can Negatively Regulate LMP-1 Signaling

The BNLF-1 open reading frame of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encodes two related proteins, latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) and lytic LMP-1 (lyLMP-1). LMP-1 is a latent protein required for immortalization of human B cells by EBV, whereas lyLMP-1 is expressed during the lytic cycle and is found in the EBV virion. We show here that, in contrast to LMP-1, lyLMP-1 is stable, with a half-life of >20 h in tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate- and butyrate-treated B95-8 cells. Although lyLMP-1 itself has negligible effects on NF-kappaB activity, it inhibits NF-kappaB activation by LMP-1 in a dose-dependent manner. The lyLMP-1 protein does not oligomerize with LMP-1, and the negative effect of lyLMP-1 on NF-kappaB activation by LMP-1 does not result from lyLMP-1-mediated disruption of LMP-1 oligomers. Modulation of LMP-1-activated signaling pathways is the first identified biological activity associated with lyLMP-1, and this activity may contribute to the progression of EBV's lytic cycle.
Folk computing: revisiting oral tradition as a scaffold for co-present communities

In this paper, we introduce Folk Computing: an approach for using technology to support co-present community building inspired by the concept of folklore. We also introduce a new technology, called “i-balls,” whose design helped fashion this approach. The design of the i-ball environment is explained in terms of our effort to simultaneously preserve what works about folklore while also using technology to expand its power as a medium for community building.
DFLAP: a dynamic frequency linear array processor

A novel dynamic frequency based SIMD linear array processor (DFLAP) for image processing applications is proposed. The operating clock frequency of the processor is varied dynamically between 400 MHz and 50 MHz based on the operation performed in order to enhance the processor throughput. An efficient implementation for the dynamic clocking unit (DCU) which enables dynamic switching of clock frequencies is presented. Each processing element in the linear array contains an 8-bit arithmetic/logic unit, an 8/spl times/8 single-cycle multiplier, a shifter, a bidirectional neighbor communication unit, a 32/spl times/8 dual port SRAM, and a DCU. The architecture was designed and implemented using CADENCE design tools. Several low-level image processing tasks have been mapped onto the architecture to demonstrate the effectiveness of the dynamic frequency based architecture.
White-Tailed Deer Harvest From the Chronic Wasting Disease Eradication Zone in South-Central Wisconsin

Abstract Chronic wasting disease (CWD) was discovered in free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in south-central Wisconsin in 2002. The current control method for CWD in the state is the harvest of deer from affected areas to reduce population density and lower CWD transmission. We used spatial regression methods to identify factors associated with deer harvest across south-central Wisconsin. Harvest of deer by hunters was positively related to deer density (slope = 0.003, 95% CI = 0.0001–0.006), the number of landowners that requested harvest permits (slope = 0.071, 95% CI = 0.037–0.105), and proximity to the area of highest CWD infection (slope = −0.041, 95% CI = −0.056–−0.027). Concomitantly, harvest was not impacted in areas where landowners signed a petition protesting intensive deer reduction (slope = −0.00006, 95% CI = −0.0005–0.0003). Our results suggest that the success of programs designed to reduce deer populations for disease control or to reduce overabundance in Wisconsin are...
An Exploratory Study of the Effect of Professional Internships on Students’ Perception of the Importance of Employment Traits

The authors measured the effects of a formal internship on students’ perceptions of the importance of traits employees consider during the hiring process. Prior studies have reported that accounting firms perceive students with internship experience as better entry-level accountants. This perception may be related to changes in student beliefs after participating in an internship program. The authors report student and employer values of specific hiring traits. The found that students distinguish between the value of various traits described as important to employers during the interview process. They also found that the values students apply to these traits change after their internship period.
Time-series and risk-adjusted control charts

Presentation There are several statistical process control (SPC) methods used in industry that can be applied in healthcare. However, as noted in the earlier discussion by Toulany et al. regarding quasi-experimental designs for quality improvement research, several considerations must be taken into account when adapting these methods for the complex, high-risk healthcare arena. Industrial methods should be adjusted for (a) heterogeneity at the patient level, including illness type, individualized care, and demographics, (b) heterogeneity at the process level, including geographical and longitudinal clinical care variation, (c) lack of pre-existing standards of comparison for new products or processes, and (d) the critical difference between statistical variation and acceptable clinical risk. Potential methods for successful adaptation of industrial SPC methods for healthcare monitoring and improvement include (a) converting periodic data into cumulative charts to increase detection of trends and (b) addressing heterogeneity through risk adjustment, using a prediction model or propensity score matching. These adjustments tend to inflate Type I errors, however, due to repeated measurements. Thus, the Sequential Probability Ratio Testing (SPRT) method may be of particular use [1]. SPRT uses the more commonly available retrospective control data, accounts for repeated measurements, utilizes risk adjustment, and incorporates both alpha and beta error into the formal framework [2,3]. The upper control limit is the desired odds ratio, as determined by the hypothesis. Industrial SPC methods assume process homogeneity and that the outcome rate from the population establishes the threshold for detecting changes in the process. Using these techniques to analyze processes in healthcare often requires addressing the risk and complexities inherent in healthcare in order to obtain meaningful results. As with any data-driven project, the clinical question and limitations of the available data drive the selection of the patient cohort, SPC method, risk adjustment framework, alerting thresholds, and the interpretation of clinical significance. However, regardless of the SPC method used and the risk-adjustment framework, it is important to realize that performance of the risk adjustment model drives the overall result; thus understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each particular model is critical to clinical interpretations. In addition, detecting adverse outcomes over a long period requires recalibrating the model over time to adjust for systematic changes in clinical care. Finally, all signals detected using these methods require root cause analyses (RCA) and sensitivity analyses as they are hypothesis-generating, not confirming.
Amine reactivity with charged sulfuric acid clusters

Abstract. The distribution of charged species produced by electrospray of an ammonium sulfate solution in both positive and negative polarities is examined using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). Positively-charged ammonium bisulfate cluster composition differs significantly from negatively-charged cluster composition. For positively-charged clusters all sulfuric acid is neutralized to bisulfate, whereas for negatively-charged clusters the degree of sulfuric acid neutralization is cluster size-dependent. With increasing cluster size (and, therefore, a decreasing role of charge), both positively- and negatively-charged cluster compositions converge toward ammonium bisulfate. The reactivity of negatively-charged sulfuric acid-ammonia clusters with dimethylamine and ammonia is also investigated by FTICR-MS. Two series of negatively-charged clusters are investigated: [(HSO4)(H2SO4)x]− and [(NH4)x(HSO4)x+1(H2SO4)3]−. Dimethylamine substitution for ammonia in [(NH4) x(HSO4) x+1(H2SO4)3]− clusters is nearly collision-limited, and subsequent addition of dimethylamine to neutralize H2SO4 to bisulfate is within one order of magnitude of the substitution rate. Dimethylamine addition to [(HSO4) (H2SO4) x]− clusters is either not observed or very slow. The results of this study indicate that amine chemistry will be evident and important only in large ambient negative ions (>m/z 400), whereas amine chemistry may be evident in small ambient positive ions. Addition of ammonia to unneutralized clusters occurs at a rate that is ~2–3 orders of magnitude slower than incorporation of dimethylamine either by substitution or addition. Therefore, in locations where amine levels are within a few orders of magnitude of ammonia levels, amine chemistry may compete favorably with ammonia chemistry.
Physical and mental health correlates of status incongruence

The report explored the relationship between status incongruence, the degree of similarity of rankings on paired status variables, and diverse interview-based measures of physical and mental health. The subjects in the study were some 169 adult men; one half of them came from a national survey sample, while the other half represented an arthritis clinic sample with patients and controls. Data on education, occupation, income, and perceived social class (PSC) were used to construct several status incongruence indices. The major findings were: 1. Neither rheumatoid arthritis nor ulcer were related to status incongruence. 2. Education-occupation incongruence showed by far the strongest association with poor mental health. Among the two types of incongruence, education > occupation and occupation > education, the former had particularly poor mental health. 3. Education-PSC, occupation-PSC, education-income, and occupation-income types of incongruence showed weaker associations. Direction of incongruence made a difference in the education-PSC comparison: the education > PSC incongruent group had poorer mental health than the PSC > education incongruent group.
The relationship between school-based health centers, rates of early dismissal from school, and loss of seat time.

BACKGROUND: This study sought to understand the relationship between school-based health centers (SBHCs) and academic outcomes such as early dismissal and loss of seat time (the time students are available in school to learn or to access support services). METHODS: A quasi-experimental research design was used to compare rates of early dismissal and loss of seat time between students who received SBHC and traditional school nursing services and students who received only traditional school nursing services. This study was a secondary data analysis of 764 “walk-in” visits during a 3-week period in 2 urban high schools in western New York state. Both schools provided school nursing services, and 1 of the 2 offered the option to enroll in an SBHC. RESULTS: SBHCs significantly reduced the number of early dismissals from school (p = .013) in a comparison with students who received school nursing services alone. Students not enrolled in an SBHC lost 3 times as much seat time as students enrolled in an SBHC. Race, gender, age, poverty status, and presence of a preexisting illness did not influence these findings. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that SBHCs have a direct impact on educational outcomes such as attendance. Recommendations for further research include replication of this study to increase confidence in its findings and using early dismissal and loss of seat time as indicators of attendance to measure other health outcomes related to SBHCs and school nursing.
Organization of intracortical and commissural connections in somatosensory cortical areas I and II in the raccoon.

The organization of intracortical and callosal projecting cell bodies was examined in somatosensory representation areas I (SI) and II (SII) of the raccoon by use of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or horseradish peroxidase-wheat germ agglutin (HRP-WHA) HRP and HRP-WHA were injected into commissurally and noncommissurally connected subdivisions of SI and SII. Injection sites in SII were identified electrophysiologically. Results were obtained from transverse sections in which the HRP was visualized with the aid of the substrates dihydrochlorobenzidine or tetramethyl benzidine in the presence of hydrogen peroxidase. The principal findings were the following: (1) there are reciprocal connections between SI and SII; (2) in SI the intracortically projecting cell bodies and terminals are located primarily in sulcal cortex; (3) intracortically projecting neurons in SI are located primarily in layers III whereas in SII they are located principally in layers III and V; (4) there are connections between disparate areas within SI; and (5) there are intracortical connections between callosum-connected and acallosal regions in SII. These results are discussed with regard to the results of mapping studies of the SI, the significance of intracortical connections to the formation of sulci in SI, and the possible roles of nonhomotopic connections in the intermanual transfer of learning.
Motion planning for a whole-sensitive robot arm manipulator

A sensor-based motion planning system for a robot arm manipulator must include these four basic components: sensor hardware; real-time signal/sensory data processing hardware/software a local step planning subsystem that works at the basic sample rate of the arm; and a subsystem for global planning. The objective of this work is to develop the fourth component, a real-time implementable algorithm that realizes the upper, global level of planning. Based on the current collection of local normals, the algorithm generates preferable directions of motion around obstacles, in order to guarantee reaching the target position if it is reachable. Experimental results from testing the developed system are also discussed. >
Randomized, double-blind trial of anidulafungin versus fluconazole for prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in high-risk liver transplant recipients.

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are a common complication in liver transplant recipients. There are no previous randomized trials of an echinocandin for the prevention of IFIs in solid organ transplant recipients. In a randomized, double-blind trial conducted at University-affiliated transplant centers, 200 high-risk liver transplant recipients (100 patients per group) received either anidulafungin or fluconazole for antifungal prophylaxis. Randomization was stratified by Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score � 30 and receipt of a pretransplant antifungal agent. The primary end point was IFI in a modified intent-to-treat analysis. The overall incidence of IFI was similar for the anidulafungin(5.1%)andthefluconazolegroups(8.0%) (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.19‐1.94, p ¼0.40). However, anidulafungin prophylaxis was associated with less Aspergillus colonization or infection (3% vs. 9%, p ¼0.08), lower breakthrough IFIs among patients who had received pretransplant fluconazole (0% vs. 27%, p ¼0.07), and fewer cases of antifungal resistance (no cases vs. 5 cases). Both drugs were well-tolerated. Graft rejection, fungal-free survival, and mortality were similar for both groups. Thus, anidulafungin and fluconazole have similar efficacy for antifungal prophylaxis in most liver transplant recipients. Anidulafungin may be beneficial if the patient has an increased risk for Aspergillus infection or received fluconazole before transplantation.
Asparagine synthetase chemotherapy.

AbstractModern clinical treatments of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) employ enzyme-based methods for depletion of blood asparagine in combination with standard chemotherapeutic agents. Significant side effects can arise in these protocols and, in many cases, patients develop drug-resistant forms of the disease that may be correlated with up-regulation of the enzyme glutamine-dependent asparagine synthetase (ASNS). Though the precise molecular mechanisms that result in the appearance of drug resistance are the subject of active study, potent ASNS inhibitors may have clinical utility in treating asparaginase-resistant forms of childhood ALL. This review provides an overview of recent developments in our understanding of (a) the structure and catalytic mechanism of ASNS, and (b) the role that ASNS may play in the onset of drug-resistant childhood ALL. In addition, the first successful, mechanism-based efforts to prepare and characterize nanomolar ASNS inhibitors are discussed, together with the...
Terminal Distributary Channels and Delta Front Architecture of River-Dominated Delta Systems

Abstract Using modern and ancient examples we show that river-dominated deltas formed in shallow basins have multiple coeval terminal distributary channels at different scales. Sediment dispersion through multiple terminal distributary channels results in an overall lobate shape of the river-dominated delta that is opposite to the digitate Mississippi type, but similar with deltas described as wave-dominated. The examples of deltas that we present show typical coarsening-upward delta-front facies successions but do not contain deep distributary channels, as have been routinely interpreted in many ancient deltas. We show that shallow-water river-dominated delta-front deposits are typically capped by small terminal distributary channels, the cross-sectional area of which represents a small fraction of the main fluvial "trunk" channel. Recognizing terminal distributary channels is critical in interpretation of river-dominated deltas. Terminal distributary channels are the most distal channelized features and can be both subaerial and subaqueous. Their dimensions vary between tens of meters to kilometers in width, with common values of 100–400 m and depths of 1–3 m, and are rarely incised. The orientation of the terminal distributary channels for the same system has a large variation, with values between 123° (Volga Delta) and 248° (Lena Delta). Terminal distributary channels are intimately associated with mouth-bar deposits and are infilled by aggradation and lateral or upstream migration of the mouth bars. Deposits of terminal distributary channels have characteristic sedimentary structures of unidirectional effluent flow but also show evidence of reworking by waves and tides.
Unsupervised personal name disambiguation

This paper presents a set of algorithms for distinguishing personal names with multiple real referents in text, based on little or no supervision. The approach utilizes an unsupervised clustering technique over a rich feature space of biographic facts, which are automatically extracted via a language-independent bootstrapping process. The induced clustering of named entities are then partitioned and linked to their real referents via the automatically extracted biographic data. Performance is evaluated based on both a test set of handlabeled multi-referent personal names and via automatically generated pseudonames.