cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Support for Research and Service in Florida Academic Libraries

Following a 2003 survey that benchmarked the research and publication activities of Florida librarians, administrative support for these efforts was investigated. Library administrators were asked to identify various types and funding levels of travel and research assistance. Results suggest that Florida librarians receive support comparable to national and regional trends.
Ilmenite lamellae and stability of magnetization

I have analyzed magnetic data from four deep-sea basalts which have undergone the “exsolution” stage of high-temperature oxidation, but have not begun the “replacement” stage. Even when ilmenite lamellae development was extensive, coercivities were low with a coercive force (Hc) of 11.7 mT (1 mT=10 Oe) and medium destructive field (MDF) of 9.1 mT. The remanence vector exhibited a directional swing of 30° upon alternating field (AF) demagnetization. Thus, few of the titanomagnetite intergrowths behaved like single-domain grains. This tentative conclusion is supported by those previous studies of subaerial basalts and synthetic materials which optically identified the degree of oxidation and in which no titanomagnetite granulation was observed. In these studies, MDF's generally did not increase above 15 mT during ilmenite lamellae formation. Those natural and synthetic samples which exhibit features of the “replacement” stage have large natural remanent magnetization (NRM) intensities and high coercivities suggesting that despite intense hematization, single-domain magnetite may still be present.
Limitations of Improved Nitrogen Management to Reduce Nitrate Leaching and Increase Use Efficiency

The primary mode of nitrogen (N) loss from tile-drained row-cropped land is generally nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) leaching. Although cropping, tillage, and N management practices can be altered to reduce the amount of leaching, there are limits as to how much can be done. Data are given to illustrate the potential reductions for individual practices such as rate, method, and timing of N applications. However, most effects are multiplicative and not additive; thus it is probably not realistic to hope to get overall reductions greater than 25 to 30% with in-field practices alone. If this level of reduction is insufficient to meet water quality goals, additional off-site landscape modifications may be necessary.
On distance scales, embeddings, and efficient relaxations of the cut cone

A central open problem in the field of finite metric spaces is to find an efficient relaxation of the cut cone---the collection of positive linear combinations of cut pseudo-metrics on a finite set. In particular, it has been asked how well squared-Euclidean metrics (the so-called metrics of "negative type") embed into L1, and it is known that the answer to this question coincides with the integrality gap of a folklore semi-definite relaxation for computing the Sparsest Cut of a graph.Bourgain's classical embedding theorem implies that any n-point metric space embeds into L2 with O(log n) distortion. We give the first embeddings for metrics of negative type which beat Bourgain's bound. Specifically, we show that for every ∈ > 0, there exists a δ > 0 such that every n-point metric of negative type embeds into L2+∈, with distortion O(log n)1-δ. We also exhibit the first o(log n) bounds on the Euclidean distortion of finite subsets of Lp, for 1
Family Migration and the Relative Earnings of Husbands and Wives

Abstract This article focuses primarily on determining the economic consequences of family migration for husbands and wives in matched married-couple families, using data from waves 1 and 2 of the National Survey of Families and Households. The analysis is designed to determine whether or not the return to migration for husbands and wives is similarly affected by their relative earning potential, as predicted by the human-capital model of migration. The study's secondary contributions include its estimation of the effect of moving on earnings for both husbands and wives within matched married-couple families and its avoidance of the problems of self-selection bias and unobserved variable bias associated with cross-sectional models by using panel-data methods. The results indicate—as predicted by the gender-role model of family migration—that the effect of family migration on individual earnings is largely a function of gender: family migration causes an increase in the husband's income and no change in th...
Comparative aspects of acute radiation mortality in birds.

SummaryAdult parakeets and pigeons, given doses of 60Co γ-rays in the 30-day lethal range, showed a peak of mortality at 9 to 11 days; and the early mortality (0 to 2 days after exposure), which is characteristic of the chicken, was not seen. Bone-marrow aplasia was the principal histological finding. When the duration of the exposure was increased from 4 to 480 min, there was a progressive decrease in dose effectiveness, but further increase of the exposure time to 1440 min led to no further decrease in dose effectiveness. These data are described in terms of time-dependent (reversible) and time-independent (irreversible) processes. A linear reversal of the time-dependent injury processes is in agreement with available data. The time constant associated with the reversible process in the parakeet and pigeon (τ = 295 ± 25 min) is in close agreement with the value reported earlier for the chick.
Business interviews — Frequent questions, acceptable answers

Most employment interviewers ask essentially the same set of questions. The author identifies the ten most frequently recurring questions and suggests what inferences are likely to be drawn from giving certain answers. Consequently, the potential interviewee is advised to prepare responses to each before the job interview. Other suggestions include (1) asking questions of the interviewer, (2) projecting an image of self-worth, and (3) making sure it is clear who will initiate the next step after the interview.
Behavioral consequences of adaptation to controllable and uncontrollable noise

Abstract A laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the behavioral consequences of adaptation to high-intensity aperiodic noise, under conditions where subjects believed or did not believe they had indirect control over termination of the noise. The findings showed that among a group of college males, the work of adapting to uncontrollable, in contrast to controllable noise resulted in heightened overall tension (tonic skin conductance) and impaired performance efficiency after termination of the noise. Several theoretical explanations of these results were discussed, including interruption-based helplessness. The relationship of the present experiment to previous noise research by the authors was also considered.
Metrology Needs for Metal Additive Manufacturing Powders

Additive manufacturing (AM) processes can produce highly complex and customized parts without the need for dedicated tooling and can produce parts directly from the part design information. These types of processes are poised to revolutionize the manufacturing industry, yet several challenges are currently preventing more widespread adoption of AM technologies. Among these challenges are metrology issues associated with the measurement and characterization of the metal powders used for AM systems. This article will describe the technical challenges and needs for characterizing metal AM powders, recent research efforts to address those needs, and current work to standardize characterization methods in ASTM and ISO, such as the recently released ASTM F3049, Standard Guide for Characterizing Properties of Metal Powders Used for Additive Manufacturing Processes.
Feed intake, digestion and passage of the proboscis monkey ( Nasalis larvatus ) in captivity

Feeding trials were conducted with a troop of six proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) at the New York Zoological Park to quantify aspects of digestive physiology. Diets consumed comprised, on an as-fed basis, 55% browse and green produce, 11% fruit, 9% commercial primate diets, 9% root vegetables, and 16% miscellaneous items. Total feed intake averaged 12% of body mass; dry matter intake was 3%. Dry matter and plant cell wall disappearance exceeded 80%. Passage marker studies (three 6-day trials) revealed: transit time=14 hr; mean passage time=49 hr; and 5–80% retention time=52 hr. Digestion coefficients and retention times were greater than expected based on body size. These results might reflect the low fiber content of the diets fed, or alternatively, provide evidence that proboscis monkeys are efficient digesters of cell wall constituents.
Wave rafting and the equilibrium pancake ice cover thickness

[1] Pancake ice, the circular floes formed during ice growth in a wave field, forms in many polar and subpolar seas. Vertical thin sections of cores taken from the ice cover in these regions show distinct layering structure. These observations suggest wave rafting could play a significant role in defining the ice cover thickness, much more so than thermodynamic growth. Although wave rafting is intuitively apparent, no previous study relating the resulting ice cover to wave characteristics has been conducted. In this study we utilize both laboratory experiments and numerical simulations to determine the rafting process. We propose a theory that predicts a final equilibrium thickness, provided that the incoming wave is kept constant. The equilibrium thickness from the theory is proportional to the square of the wave amplitude and the square of the floe diameter and is inversely proportional to the cube of the wavelength. This theory relates the final ice cover thickness to the wave characteristics and the size and surface properties of the pancake ice floes. This theory also provides a way to calculate the speed with which the boundary between the single-layer pancake ice floes and the equilibrium rafted ice cover propagates. We conduct laboratory experiments with plastic model pancake ice to create rafting. We perform computer simulations with a three-dimensional discrete element model that simulates the movement of disc-shaped floes in the wave field. We compare the theoretical result with the laboratory experiments and a numerically simulated rafting process. Both the laboratory and the computer simulation results compare favorably with the theory.
The tan θ theorem with relaxed conditions

Abstract The Davis–Kahan tan θ theorem bounds the tangent of the angles between an approximate and an exact invariant subspace of a Hermitian matrix. When applicable, it gives a sharper bound than the sin θ theorem. However, the tan θ theorem requires more restrictive conditions on the spectrums, demanding that the entire approximate eigenvalues (Ritz values) lie above (or below) the set of exact eigenvalues corresponding to the orthogonal complement of the invariant subspace. In this paper we show that the conditions of the tan θ theorem can be relaxed, in that the same bound holds even when the Ritz values lie both below and above the exact eigenvalues, but not vice versa.
Cognitive style and recall of text: An EEG analysis

Abstract Cognitive style refers to an individual's characteristic approach to processing information. One widely studied dimension is the contrast between “analytic” and “wholistic” styles. Recent studies suggest that patterns of electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha activity (8–13 Hz) during a task (e.g., Biological Psychology 51 (1999) 23), or during a resting baseline period (e.g., Learning and Individual Differences 3 (1991) 265), may be predictive of these stylistic differences, with lower alpha activity related to a more analytic style. In the present study, EEG was collected at 19 sites during eyes-open baseline, and during reading of short text passages. Forty adults (20 males) read highly structured expository text and minimally structured poetry. Lower baseline alpha activity across widely distributed sites was significantly correlated with higher recall of the expository text but was essentially uncorrelated with recall of poetry. Level of alpha during reading did not correlate with recall for either passage, suggesting that baseline periods, unconstrained by specific tasks, may provide the clearest picture of neural correlates of cognitive style.
A novel rat model to study the role of intracranial pressure modulation on optic neuropathies.

Reduced intracranial pressure is considered a risk factor for glaucomatous optic neuropathies. All current data supporting intracranial pressure as a glaucoma risk factor comes from retrospective and prospective studies. Unfortunately, there are no relevant animal models for investigating this link experimentally. Here we report a novel rat model that can be used to study the role of intracranial pressure modulation on optic neuropathies. Stainless steel cannulae were inserted into the cisterna magna or the lateral ventricle of Sprague-Dawley and Brown Norway rats. The cannula was attached to a pressure transducer connected to a computer that recorded intracranial pressure in real-time. Intracranial pressure was modulated manually by adjusting the height of a column filled with artificial cerebrospinal fluid in relation to the animal’s head. After data collection the morphological appearance of the brain tissue was analyzed. Based on ease of surgery and ability to retain the cannula, Brown Norway rats with the cannula implanted in the lateral ventricle were selected for further studies. Baseline intracranial pressure for rats was 5.5±1.5 cm water (n=5). Lowering of the artificial cerebrospinal fluid column by 2 cm and 4 cm below head level reduced ICP to 3.7±1.0 cm water (n=5) and 1.5±0.6 cm water (n=4), a reduction of 33.0% and 72.7% below baseline. Raising the cerebrospinal fluid column by 4 cm increased ICP to 7.5±1.4 cm water (n=2) corresponding to a 38.3% increase in intracranial pressure. Histological studies confirmed correct cannula placement and indicated minimal invasive damage to brain tissues. Our data suggests that the intraventricular cannula model is a unique and viable model that can be used to study the effect of altered intracranial pressure on glaucomatous optic neuropathies.
The Fusion of Broken Ends of Chromosomes Following Nuclear Fusion

This article, written during McClintock's very active period of research on the breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycle, addressed some specific questions regarding the necessary conditions under which BFB occurred.
Collisional vibrational excitation of lithium hydride

Abstract Collisional vibrational excitation from the υ = 0 to 1 level of lithium hydride has been investigated in the range of 0.7–0.8 eV relative energy, considerably above the 0.169 eV threshold. Cross sections, which are strictly speaking lower limits to integral cross sections, have been determined for a number of targets: HF, 0.03 A 2 ; HCl, 0.10 A 2 ; DCl, 0.07 A 2 ; HBr, 0.06 A 2 ; SO 2 , 0.03 A 2 . For the scattering partners CH 3 Cl, CH 2 Cl 2 , Ar and C 2 H 4 , excitation was not observed; an upper limit to the excitation cross sections is 0.01 A 2 . These excitation cross sections may be related by detailed balance to the corresponding V → T relaxation rates, and the present results are compared with vibrational relaxation rates measured in other systems.
The Representation of Object-Directed Action and Function Knowledge in the Human Brain

The appropriate use of everyday objects requires the integration of action and function knowledge. Previous research suggests that action knowledge is represented in frontoparietal areas while function knowledge is represented in temporal lobe regions. Here we used multivoxel pattern analysis to investigate the representation of object-directed action and function knowledge while participants executed pantomimes of familiar tool actions. A novel approach for decoding object knowledge was used in which classifiers were trained on one pair of objects and then tested on a distinct pair; this permitted a measurement of classification accuracyoverand above object-specific information. Region of interest (ROI) analyses showed that object-directed actions could be decoded in tool-preferring regions of both parietal and temporal cortex, while no independently defined toolpreferring ROI showed successful decoding of object function. However, a whole-brain searchlight analysis revealed that while frontoparietal motorand peri-motor regions are engaged in the representation of object-directed actions, medial temporal lobe areas in the left hemisphere are involved in the representation of function knowledge. These results indicate that both action and function knowledge are represented in a topographically coherent manner that is amenable to study with multivariate approaches, and that the left medial temporal cortex represents knowledge of object function.
Temporal evolution of depth-stratified groundwater salinity in municipal wells in the major aquifers in Texas, USA.

We assessed spatial distribution of total dissolved solids (TDS) in shallow ( 150 m) municipal (domestic and public supply) wells in nine major aquifers in Texas for the 1960s-1970s and 1990s-2000s periods using geochemical data obtained from the Texas Water Development Board. For both time periods, the highest median groundwater TDS concentrations in shallow wells were found in the Ogallala and Pecos Valley aquifers and that in the deep wells were found in the Trinity aquifer. In the Ogallala, Pecos Valley, Seymour and Gulf Coast aquifers, >60% of observations from shallow wells exceeded the secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL) for TDS (500 mg L(-1)) in both time periods. In the Trinity aquifer, 72% of deep water quality observations exceeded the SMCL in the 1990s-2000s as compared to 64% observations in the 1960s-1970s. In the Ogallala, Edwards-Trinity (plateau), and Edwards (Balcones Fault Zone) aquifers, extent of salinization decreased significantly (p<0.05) with well depth, indicating surficial salinity sources. Geochemical ratios revealed strong adverse effects of chloride (Cl(-)) and sulfate (SO4(2-)) on groundwater salinization throughout the state. Persistent salinity hotspots were identified in west (southern Ogallala, north-west Edwards-Trinity (plateau) and Pecos Valley aquifers), north central (Trinity-downdip aquifer) and south (southern Gulf Coast aquifer) Texas. In west Texas, mixed cation SO4-Cl facies led to groundwater salinization, as compared to Na-Cl facies in the southern Gulf Coast, and Ca-Na-HCO3 and Na-HCO3 facies transitioning to Na-Cl facies in the Trinity-downdip regions. Groundwater mixing ensuing from cross-formational flow, seepage from saline plumes and playas, evaporative enrichment, and irrigation return flow had led to progressive groundwater salinization in west Texas, as compared to ion-exchange processes in the north-central Texas, and seawater intrusion coupled with salt dissolution and irrigation return flow in the southern Gulf Coast regions.
Calculation of Numerical Uncertainty Using Richardson Extrapolation: Application to Some Simple Turbulent Flow Calculations

Richardson extrapolation has been applied to turbulent pipe flow and turbulent flow past a backward facing step. A commercial CFD code is used for this purpose. It is found that the application of the method is not straightforward and some aspects need careful consideration. Some of the problems are elucidated. The particular code used for the present application employs a hybrid scheme, and it does not give monotonic convergence for all the variables in all regions as the grid is refined. The flow regions and the variables which converge monotonically in these regions should be identified first before the method is applied. When this is done Richardson extrapolation gives good results in calculating the apparent order of the numerical procedure used, as well as obtaining grid independent results with which discretization error bounds can be calculated as measures of numerical uncertainty. Even in cases where it does not work, the method can be used as an error indicator for some obscured user mistakes. This paper also demonstrates several shortcomings of using commercial CFD codes. The present findings should help the users of CFD software in general, to quantify discretization errors in their calculations.
An intercalating isoxazole

The title compound, ethyl 3-(9-anthryl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylate, C 21 H 17 NO 3 , possesses two planar ring systems that lie at 80° from coplanarity. The bond linking the two ring systems is 1.489 (3) A, indicating only partial conjugation between the two ring systems. The resulting distortion causes large upfield NMR chemical shifts in the ethyl ester which lies directly underneath the anthracene ring.
Matrix-induced endochondral bone differentiation: Influence of hypophysectomy, growth hormone, and thyroid-stimulating hormone

The influence of hypophysectomy (hypox), GH, and TSH on the discrete phases of matrix-induced endochondral bone differentiation was investigated. [3H]Thymidine incorporation by proliferating mesenchymal cells on day 3 was inhibited by hypox, but was corrected by GH administration. On day 7, 35SO4 incorporation into cartilage proteoglycans was reduced by hypox, but was restored to values higher than controls by GH. Calcification of cartilage and bone was monitored by alkaline phosphatase activity, 45Ca incorporation into bone mineral, and total calcium. Alkaline phosphatase levels were maximal on day 11 in the controls and declined thereafter; however, the activity of alkaline phosphatase remained elevated in hypox recipients. Hypox reduced and delayed the rate and extent of calcification, as reflected by 45Ca incorporation and total calcium, respectively. The administration of GH and TSH alone and in combination restored 45Ca incorporation to control values in tibial metaphyses but not in the matrix-induc...
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE CONTROL OF A URANIUM SHEARSPINNING OPERATION.

Metal shearspinning is one of the oldest of metal-forming processes, dating back to the Egyptian production of copper pots and bowls approximately 3000 years ago. Modern uranium shearspinning is an efficient method of precision metal forming which produces very little airborne contamination. A total of 98 air and wipe samples taken to date have revealed no excessive concentrations. Air samples were collected on Whatman 41 filter paper utilizing Staplex Type TFIA and ICN Model 8000 high-volume air samplers and the MSA Monitaire personal air sampler. The average breathing zone concentration was less than 5×10−13 µCi/ml. Samples were analyzed for alpha radiation in an alpha scintillation counter. In addition to monitoring of indoor and outdoor air concentrations, the control program plan included special facility design and construction, personnel medical clearance and surveillance, protective clothing, and control of waste products. Intermittent operation of the facility over the past two years has occurred...
Beneath the veneer: the troubled past and future of sexual medicine.

My presidential address to the International Academy of Sex Research in 1993, 5 years before Viagra was released to the world, was entitled “Three Crises Facing Sexology” (Tiefer, 1994). One of the...
Vertical rectus muscle transposition with intraoperative botulinum injection for treatment of chronic sixth nerve palsy

Six adult patients with acquired, chronic, complete sixth nerve palsy had vertical rectus muscle transposition to the lateral rectus muscle insertion with intraoperative injection of botulinum toxin into the ipsilateral medial rectus muscle. Five of six patients were orthophoric in primary gaze, and the remaining patient achieved single binocular vision with a small head turn. This method compares favorably with previously described transposition procedures for sixth nerve palsy in terms of amount of correction and size of the window of single binocular vision with a lower risk of anterior segment ischemia.
SU‐E‐I‐104: Automatic Labeling of the T1 through T12 Vertebrae in CT

Purpose: To quickly and automatically identify the slice coordinates of the thoracic vertebrae (T1 through T12) in CT with an accuracy of two vertebrae. Methods: The vertebra identification method uses three stages: (1) thumbnail generation, (2) ridge regression, and (3) application of anatomic constraints. In the first stage, axial slices of the CT are selected from the volume, cropped and resampled into thumbnail images with resolution 16×16 pixels. Next, the thumbnails are assigned a vertebrae number using a ridge regression filter. The filter is trained using hand‐labeled data, and training parameters are tuned using cross‐validation. Finally, the outputs from the regression filter are fit with a linear spline using anatomic constraints on the size and orientation of vertebrae seen in training data. Results: Our method was trained on a data set of twenty thoracic CT scans, and tested using an independent set often scans. The CTimages are derived from the RIDER and RIDER Pilot studies, and have slice thickness that range between 1.25 and 5 mm. The ridge regression results were found to be smooth and monotonic in the central region, but became non‐monotonic near the inferior and superior borders of the image where there is no training data. The anatomically constrained fit generally provides a good fit for the ridge regression output. Results from the independent test set demonstrate successful labeling within 2 vertebrae for 60% of the cases, and within 1 vertebra for 40% of the cases. The most common cause of failure was inaccuracy of the ridge regression stage. Conclusions: Ridge regression is a promising approach for assigning anatomic labels to CTimages. We envision using this technique as a pre‐processing stage for both image registration and image segmentation.
Abstract 2803: GSK3 plays a crucial role in determining cell response to mTOR inhibitors

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) exerts a critical role in the regulation of cell growth and cell survival, primarily through forming two complexes with raptor (mTOR complex 1; mTORC1) or rictor (mTOR complex 2; mTORC2). The mTOR axis is dysregulated in many types of human cancers, thus becoming an attractive cancer therapeutic target. Accordingly, mTOR inhibitors including the conventional allosteric inhibitors (rapamycin and its analogs; rapalogs) and novel mTOR kinase inhibitors (e.g., INK128) have been developed. However, single-agent activity of these inhibitors in the majority of cancer types is limited or modest at best. Thus, it is crucial to identify determinants that impact cell response to mTOR-targeted cancer therapy. In this study, we found that inhibition of GSK3 with both a small molecule inhibitor (e.g., SB216765) and gene knockdown substantially antagonized the suppressive effects of mTOR inhibitors (e.g., rapamycin and INK128) on the growth of cancer cells, including G1 arrest. In agreement, activation of GSK3 by expressing a constitutively activated form of GSK3[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font ]] sensitized cells to mTOR inhibitors. Moreover, higher basal levels of GSK3 activity from 14 lung cancer cell lines were significantly associated with better cell responses to both rapamycin and INK128 (P < 0.05). These data together indicate that GSK3 plays a critical role in determining cell response to mTOR inhibitors. Interestingly, GSK3 inhibition did not alter the effects of mTOR inhibitors on suppression of mTOR signaling and cap-dependent translation, but rescued downregulation of cyclin D1 and c-Myc caused by mTOR inhibitors, suggesting that mTOR inhibitors decrease cyclin D1 and c-Myc levels independent of inhibition of mTOR-mediated protein translation. Instead, we found that inhibition of mTOR (e.g., by INK128) decreased the stabilities of both cyclin D1 and c-Myc. Moreover, inhibition of proteasome (e.g., with MG132) prevented cyclin D1 and c-Myc reduction by INK128. Hence it is apparent that mTOR inhibition facilitates cyclin D1 and c-Myc degradation, leading to reduction of cyclin D1 and c-Myc. Together, these findings suggest a novel mechanism by which mTOR signaling positively regulates the stability of cyclin D1 and c-Myc. Our current findings thus warrant further investigation of the potential impact of GSK3 inhibition on the efficacy of mTOR inhibitors in the clinic. (This study was supported by the Georgia Cancer Coalition Distinguished Cancer Scholar award and NIH/NCI R01 CA118450. SS Ramalingam, FR Khuri and SY Sun are Georgia Cancer Coalition Distinguished Cancer Scholars) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2803. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2803
Enkephalinase inhibition: regulation of ethanol intake in genetically predisposed mice

This is the first report of alteration in alcohol intake in mice with a genetic predisposition to alcohol preference and known to have innate brain enkephalin deficiencies. We have been able to significantly attenuate both volitional and forced ethanol intake respectively by acute and chronic treatment with hydrocinnamic acid and D-phenylalanine, known carboxypeptidase (enkephalinase) inhibitors. Since these agents, through their enkephalinase inhibitory activity, raise brain enkephalin levels, we propose that excessive alcohol intake can be regulated by alteration of endogenous brain opioid peptides.
Managing oversaturated signalized arterials: A maximum flow based approach

Abstract Under oversaturated traffic conditions, signal timings need to be adjusted accordingly in order to alleviate the detrimental impacts caused by oversaturation. In this research, our focus is to mitigate two types of detrimental effects, signal phase failure with residual queue and downstream queue spillover. Building upon our previous work on the oversaturation severity indices, a maximum-flow based approach to manage oversaturated intersections is developed. The proposed model maximizes the discharging capacity along oversaturated routes, while satisfying the constraints on available green times. We show that a simple Forward–Backward Procedure (FBP) can be used to obtain the optimal solution to the maximum flow model. The forward process aims to increase green time to mitigate oversaturation, therefore improve the throughput for the oversaturated approach; and the backward process aims to gate the traffic at some intersections to prevent residual queues and downstream queue spill-back when the available green time is insufficient. The algorithm is tested using a microscopic traffic simulation model for an arterial network in the City of Pasadena, CA. The results indicate the model can effectively and efficiently reduce oversaturation and improve system performance.
A comparison of bone turnover in athymic (nude) and euthymic mice: Biochemical, histomorphometric, bone ash and in vitro studies

Abstract Bone turnover in T-cell deficient mice was investigated by comparing parameters of bone physiology in athymic (nude) and euthymic mice. Static and dynamic bone histomorphometry, serum biochemical assays, body weight and tibia length measurements, and bone ash determination were completed in 6- and 12-wk-old athymic (nude) mice (NIH: Swiss nu/nu) and euthymic mice (nu/+) (10 mice/group). In vitro bone resorbing activity stimulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was measured in calvaria of neonatal athymic and euthymic mice. Athymic mice had smaller vertebral tissue area (p
Radiations from Molybdenum (99) and Technetium (99)

The 67-hour activity was induced in ${\mathrm{Mo}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ irradiated by slow neutrons in the Clinton pile. ${\mathrm{Mo}}^{99}$ emits two beta-ray spectra, one of low energy, having an end point at 0.057 g/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ in aluminum, the other having a maximum energy of 1.03 Mev. The beta-rays of the low energy group are coupled with gamma-radiation, whereas those of the spectrum ending at 1.03 Mev are not. The gamma-rays of ${\mathrm{Mo}}^{99}$ have a maximum energy of 0.71 Mev as measured by coincidence absorption, and a small gamma-gamma coincidence rate, 0.085\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ coincidence per gammaray, was detected in ${\mathrm{Mo}}^{99}$. The electrons of the highly converted gamma-ray of the 6-hour metastable state of ${\mathrm{Tc}}^{99}$, separated from ${\mathrm{Mo}}^{99}$, are non-coincident with gamma-radiation. No gamma-gamma coincidences were observed in the technetium fraction. The conversion electrons have a range of 0.022 g/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ in aluminum.
Demonstration experiments in perception and cognitive psychology for the Macintosh computer

A package of programs demonstrating psychology experiments widely cited in perception and cognitive psychology textbooks is described. The programs are suitable for laboratory research projects and in-class demonstrations. An attractive feature of the programs is that they have provisions for changing experimental parameters to allow students to design different experiments from the original programs. Iconic memory, memory scanning (using the additive factors approach), lexical decision, target detection, speeded classification, picture recognition/picture memory, and the Phi phenomenon can be demonstrated.
Oxidative versus reductive additions: A 13C NMR study of H2, HX (X = Cl, Br, OR I), and Cl2 additions to some iridium(I) complexes

Abstract The 13 C NMR spectra of a number of iridium complexes and of their adducts with H 2 , HX, and Cl 2 (X = Cl, Br, I) are used to estimate the redox character of these additions. Rather than having the oxidative character expected, H 2 addition seems to be reductive. HX and Cl 2 additions are oxidative. Some of these complexes appear to have Lewis acid, rather than the expected Lewis base character.
Postpartum Ovarian Vein Thrombosis: An Update

UNLABELLED Ovarian vein thrombosis (OVT) is a rare complication of pregnancy. However, recognition and treatment is critical because a delay in diagnosis could lead to significant maternal morbidity. The diagnosis of OVT remains a challenge because there is no known profile of risk factors. Current controversies concern radiologic diagnosis, appropriate treatment strategies including antibiotics and anticoagulation, treatment duration, and testing for thrombophilias. TARGET AUDIENCE Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians. LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completion of this article, the reader should be able to explain that even though the occurrence of postpartum ovarian vein thrombosis (OVT) is rare the physician must consider it in a differential diagnosis in a patient with postdelivery fever unresponsive to antibiotics, state that missing the diagnosis can have devastating consequences, and recall that at times it is difficult to differentiate from septic thrombophlebitis.
On the Apparent Absence of Maxi-K+ Channel in Rat Aortic Myocyte

AbstractIn cultured rat aortic myocytes, no high-conductance Ca2+- and voltage-dependent K+ channels (maxi-K+ channels) such as those found in the human and rabbit were observed. However, we have found that in freshly dissociated rat aortic myocytes, the activities of high-conductance Ca2+- and voltage-dependent channels were present and predominant. In cell-attached patches measured with pipettes filled with normal saline solution, their single channel conductances were 139.6 ± 2.5 picosiemens (mean ± SE). Under the 140-mM symmetrical K+ condition (both bath and pipette solutions contained 140 mM KCI), that measurement became 207.2 ± 3.6 picosiemens and increased by about 50% with detaching of the membrane patch. The relative conductances of the channel to K+, NH4+, and Rb+ were 1:0.61:0.48. The conductance of these channels can readily be reduced by more than 90% by extracellularly applied 0.5 mM tetraethylammonium chloride. These characteristics show that they were maxi-K+ channels.
Why Are Seizures Rare in Rapid Eye Movement Sleep? Review of the Frequency of Seizures in Different Sleep Stages

Since the formal characterization of sleep stages, there have been reports that seizures may preferentially occur in certain phases of sleep. Through ascending cholinergic connections from the brainstem, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is physiologically characterized by low voltage fast activity on the electroencephalogram, REMs, and muscle atonia. Multiple independent studies confirm that, in REM sleep, there is a strikingly low proportion of seizures (~1% or less). We review a total of 42 distinct conventional and intracranial studies in the literature which comprised a net of 1458 patients. Indexed to duration, we found that REM sleep was the most protective stage of sleep against focal seizures, generalized seizures, focal interictal discharges, and two particular epilepsy syndromes. REM sleep had an additional protective effect compared to wakefulness with an average 7.83 times fewer focal seizures, 3.25 times fewer generalized seizures, and 1.11 times fewer focal interictal discharges. In further studies REM sleep has also demonstrated utility in localizing epileptogenic foci with potential translation into postsurgical seizure freedom. Based on emerging connectivity data in sleep, we hypothesize that the influence of REM sleep on seizures is due to a desynchronized EEG pattern which reflects important connectivity differences unique to this sleep stage.
Severe sepsis in pre-hospital emergency care: analysis of incidence, care, and outcome.

Rationale: Severe sepsis is common and highly morbid, yet the epidemiology of severe sepsis at the frontier of the health care system—pre-hospital emergency care—is unknown.Objectives: We examined the epidemiology of pre-hospital severe sepsis among emergency medical services (EMS) encounters, relative to acute myocardial infarction and stroke.Methods: Retrospective study using a community-based cohort of all nonarrest, nontrauma King County EMS encounters from 2000 to 2009 who were transported to a hospital.Measurements and Main Results: Overall incidence rate of hospitalization with severe sepsis among EMS encounters, as well as pre-hospital characteristics, admission diagnosis, and outcomes. Among 407,176 EMS encounters, we identified 13,249 hospitalizations for severe sepsis, of whom 2,596 died in the hospital (19.6%). The crude incidence rate of severe sepsis was 3.3 per 100 EMS encounters, greater than for acute myocardial infarction or stroke (2.3 per 100 and 2.2 per 100 EMS encounters, respectivel...
A Boundary Element Approach to Optimization of Active Noise Control Sources on Three-Dimensional Structures

This paper presents the theoretical development of an approach to active noise control (ANC) applicable to three-dimensional radiators. The active noise control technique, termed ANC Optimization Analysis, is based on minimizing the total radiated power by adding secondary acoustic sources on the primary noise source. ANC Optimization Analysis determines the optimum magnitude and phase at which to drive the secondary control sources in order to achieve the best possible reduction in the total radiated power from the noise source/control source combination. For example, ANC Optimization Analysis predicts a 20 dB reduction in the total power radiated from a sphere of radius at a dimensionless wavenumber ka of 0.125, for a single control source representing 2.5 percent of the total area of the sphere. ANC Optimization Analysis is based on a boundary element formulation of the Helmholtz Integral Equation, and thus, the optimization analysis applies to a single frequency, while multiple frequencies can be treated through repeated analyses.
Public Opinion and Public Sector Performance: Are Individuals’ Beliefs About Performance Evidence-Based or the Product of Anti–Public Sector Bias?

ABSTRACTPublic management scholars have long observed that Americans’ attitudes about public sector performance are negative, even though public sector organizations often perform at a high level. We use a survey experiment to test whether this negativity is a product of anti-public sector bias, using package delivery as our context. We also test whether objective performance information can correct this bias. Our results suggest that individuals expect a lower level of performance from the United States Postal Service (USPS) than Federal Express (FedEx), a prominent private sector shipping organization. Moreover, our results suggest that objective performance information does not completely override this “expectation bias”—individuals rate USPS and FedEx differently, even when their ratings are based on identical favorable performance updates.
Effect of oxygen content on the specific heat and magnetic susceptibility of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ

The specific heat and magnetic susceptibility of a sample of YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) was measured for 0≤δ≤0.85, 0.8≤T≤120K, and H=0, 3, 5, 7, 9T. The data show the existence of both S=1/2 and S=2 paramagnetic centers, consistent with EPR results. The δ dependences of their concentrations and of other parameters are reported.
Response to Lipke's comment

Abstract Lipke's criticisms of the experiment reported by Bates and colleagues are without merit. Data from the experiment show either that the procedure was sound or that the clinical measurement reported by eye-movement densitization (EMD) therapists is suspect. Lipke's statement that EMD enjoys increasing scientific support is likewise without merit. Scientific support for EMD seems to exist only when one disregards the methodological lessons taught by behavior-therapy research for the last three decades.
DIF in Native Language and Gender Groups in an ESL Placement Test

U The relative cultural fairness of educational tests has been a fertile field for researchers. The primary concern of such studies has been tests or test items that behave differently for different native-language, cultural, ethnic, and/or gender groups. These studies are popularly known as test bias studies but the term test bias is misleading and inaccurate. The term assumes that the researcher is examining tests or test items that are biased while what we know from test-taker responses is only that there are differences in performances by different individuals or groups that could be due to several reasons, only one of which is bias. A more accurate term, therefore, that has been used recently in testing literature, is differential item functioning (DIF), referring to the way items function differently for individuals or groups of test takers who have similar abilities. Among the few studies on DIF in the field of second/foreign language testing reported recently are the following: Chen and Henning (1985) examined the Winter 1985 version of the ESL placement examination (ESLPE) at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to determine the nature, direction, and extent of bias present for members of the Spanish and the Chinese native language groups; Zeidner (1986, 1987) investigated the English Language Aptitude Test (ELAT) used routinely for student selection and placement in Israel; Spurling (1987) studied the "fair use" of the Marin Community College English admissions and placement test; Hale (1988) reported on the interaction of student majorfield and text content in the reading comprehension section of the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL); and Angoff (1989) tested the hypothesis that items of the TOEFL that contain references to people, places, regions, etc., of the U.S. tend to favor test takers who have spent some time living in the United States. Kunnan and Sasaki (1989) extended the Chen and Henning (1985) study by including five native language
Shock Propagation in a Composite Material

A procedure for calculating the pressure, densities, internal energies and particle velocities behind a plane shock in an infinite composite consisting of alternate layers of two materials or of parallel fibers imbedded in a matrix is presented. The direction of shock propagation is assumed to be parallel to the layers or fibers. Cal culated values of the shock parameters are given for a hypothetical aluminum polymethylmethacrylate composite. Shock speeds in the composite which are lower than the sonic velocity of one of the constituents are found to be possible.
Inhibition of aconitase in astrocytes increases the sensitivity to chemical convulsants

Although there is evidence that astrocytes support neuronal function, the contribution of astrocytes to seizure onset and termination is not known. To determine whether there are changes in seizure susceptibility or neuronal damage when the ability of astrocytes to generate ATP is reduced, 0.5 nmol of fluorocitrate (FC) was injected into the right ventricle. Injection of FC alone did not produce electrographic or behavioral seizures and did not stress or injure neurons or astrocytes, as measured with silver stain and immunohistochemistry for HSP32 or HSP72. However, in animals pretreated with FC, administration of kainic acid, at a dose that does not initiate seizures in control animals (7 mg/kg), caused wet dog shakes and neuronal damage in the hilus. Wet dog shakes did not cause any neuronal damage in control animals. If the dose of FC was increased to 0.75 nmol, then subsequent administration of the same dose of kainic acid (7 mg/kg) caused stage 3-5 seizures. Injection of FC also reduced the dose of pilocarpine needed to produce seizures. Given simultaneously with FC, isocitrate, which bypasses the biochemical inhibition of aconitase, blocked the effects of FC in both kainic acid and pilocarpine treated animals. The data demonstrate that inhibition of aconitase in astrocytes lowers the doses of both kainic acid and pilocarpine that will cause behavioral seizures and may increase neuronal vulnerability to seizures.
Surgery in the Rat during Electrical Analgesia Induced by Focal Brain Stimulation

Chronic monopolar electrodes were implanted in the region of the midbrain central gray in eight rats. In three rats, continuous 60 cycle-per-second sine-wave stimulation resulted in an electrical analgesia defined by the elimination of responses to aversive stimulation while general motor responsiveness was retained. Exploratory laparotomy was carried out in these animals during continuous brain stimulation without the use of chemical anesthetics. Following surgery, brain stimulation was terminated, and responses to aversive stimuli returned. Electrodes effective in inducing electrical analgesia at the lowest currents were located at the dorsolateral perimeter of the midbrain central gray. It was concluded that focal brain stimulation in this region can induce analgesia in the absence of diffusely applied "whole brain" stimulation.
Procedural wound geometry and blood flow generation for medical training simulators

Efficient application of wound treatment procedures is vital in both emergency room and battle zone scenes. In order to train first responders for such situations, physical casualty simulation kits, which are composed of tens of individual items, are commonly used. Similar to any other training scenarios, computer simulations can be effective means for wound treatment training purposes. For immersive and high fidelity virtual reality applications, realistic 3D models are key components. However, creation of such models is a labor intensive process. In this paper, we propose a procedural wound geometry generation technique that parameterizes key simulation inputs to establish the variability of the training scenarios without the need of labor intensive remodeling of the 3D geometry. The procedural techniques described in this work are entirely handled by the graphics processing unit (GPU) to enable interactive real-time operation of the simulation and to relieve the CPU for other computational tasks. The visible human dataset is processed and used as a volumetric texture for the internal visualization of the wound geometry. To further enhance the fidelity of the simulation, we also employ a surface flow model for blood visualization. This model is realized as a dynamic texture that is composed of a height field and a normal map and animated at each simulation step on the GPU. The procedural wound geometry and the blood flow model are applied to a thigh model and the efficiency of the technique is demonstrated in a virtual surgery scene.