cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of Rationale and Measures of Noncognitive College Student Potential

In considering and evaluating approaches to the admission of college students, the usual approach is to try to measure past academic achievement and primarily verbal and math ability on the assumption that these abilities will predict subsequent college academic grades and achievement. These measures do predict classroom achievement, though far from perfectly so. It is also the case that most universities claim to develop students in areas not well represented by classroom grades such as leadership, social responsibility, integrity, multicultural appreciation, and others. In our work, we have adopted a model employed by industrial/organizational psychologists in personnel selection. We began with a “job analysis” of the “job” of undergraduate students. We developed a list of expectations universities claim to have of students and derived a list of constructs that were hypothesized to be essential to success. This set of constructs has been central to the development of a series of measures we use to asses...
A cubic equation of state for high-pressure phase equilibria of mixtures containing polymers and volatile fluids

Generalized van der Waals theory is used to obtain a three-parameter cubic equation of state which is applicable to fluids containing small or large molecules, including polymers. The necessary parameters are obtained from a minimum of experimental information. Upon extension to mixtures, the equation of state is used to calculate high-pressure phase equilibria for the ethylene–polyethylene system. The relatively simple equation may be useful for engineering-design calculations for fluid mixtures containg polymers, especially when very few experimental data are available.
Dynamics of two-point spatial correlations for randomly hopping lattice gases: One-dimensional models

We consider the randomization of correlated, translationally invariant distributions of indistinguishable particles on lattices by random hopping, possibly involving several jump distances with generally different rates (and where double occupancy is excluded). Probabilities for various subconfigurations of n empty sites satisfy infinite closed sets of linear equations (for each n) in which the generator of the dynamics is self-adjoint. We provide a detailed spectral analysis of this generator for the two-point probabilities (or corresponding correlations) on a one-dimensional lattice. For just nearest-neighbor (1NN) and second-nearest-neighbor (2NN) jumps, the dynamics changes smoothly as a function of the ratio of the 2NN- to 1NN-jump rates up to the critical value (1/4), where there is a nonanalytic transition in the dynamical structure. Generalizations are indicated.
Mass Legal Executions of Blacks in the United States, 17th-20th Centuries:

Throughout history, governments have sometimes executed persons in groups for the same offense. The United States has done less of it than most, with or without due process. But although never numerous, a look at an unstudied aspect of both multiple homicide and capital punishment showed the occurrence of posttrial mass executions—four or more persons for the same incident—interesting for what they tell about the social climate of the eras in which they occurred, particularly regarding the place of Blacks in society. Before the end of slavery, more than half of the mass legal executions were of Blacks, generally for slave revolts. After that, Blacks were still disproportionately involved relative to population, accounting for one third of those executed. Counting mass lynchings would probably raise the percentage toward that in the pre-1866 era and to the percentage of Blacks legally executed overall.
Heparin therapy in bacterial septicemia.

DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION is an acquired coagulop~ithy characterized by intravascular c0nstimpt!on of certain plasma coagulation factors (fibrinogen; factors I1, V, and VHI) and platelets. DIC is frequently associated with a hemorrhagic diathesis and occasionally with microthrombosis) :~' In response to fibrin formation, the fibrinoiytic mechanism is activated and lyses the fibrin into soluble peptides called fibrinolyric split products or degradation products. In acute DIC, as occurs in septicemia, utilization of these coagulation factors and platelets far exceeds production rates in the majority of cases, yielding levels which fall below hemostatic minimums. These observations explain why other terms such as consumption coagulopathy, defibrination syndrome, and the intravascular coagulation-fibrinolytic syndrome have been used to describe DIC. Infections, particularly bacterial septicemia, play a significant roie in the pathogenesis of DIC? Heparin therapy in septicemic patienis with DIC has seemed logical since ~inticoagulants had been shown to be effective in DIC associated with oiher human diseases and in animal models. 7-9 However, the efficacy of heparin therapy for DIC in this clinical setting remains to be established. The purpose of this article is to review the known Changes in the hemostatic mechanism in patients with bacterial septicemia, and to analyze retrospectively 222
Endocervical curettage when colposcopic examination is satisfactory and normal.

Abstract Objective: To estimate the incidence of endocervical dysplasia in women with cervical cytology of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) who have a satisfactory and normal colposcopic examination. Methods: An electronic colposcopy database was reviewed and women with satisfactory colposcopic examinations and original cervical cytology of ASCUS on two consecutive Papanicolaou smears, ASCUS favor SIL, or low-grade SIL were selected. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, insufficient endocervical curettage (ECC), or colposcopic examination that showed an abnormality that required cervical biopsy. Subjects also were excluded if they were postmenopausal or had surgical or ablative therapy for cervical dysplasia within the past year. A computerized review of 2517 patient records found 860 that met the search criteria. A manual review of those records using the exclusion criteria isolated a study group of 159 women. Results: Four of 159 subjects (2.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69, 6.3) had dysplastic cells in endocervical curettings. In these four, the ECC specimens had benign endocervical cells and separate fragments of squamous cells with mild dysplasia. In three women, loop electrosurgical excision procedures showed mild dysplasia limited to the transformation zone. The fourth subject was believed to have contamination from an unrecognized ectocervical lesion and was treated conservatively. A repeat ECC found benign endocervical cells. Involvement of the endocervix by dyplasia was excluded in all but one of 159 patients (0.63%, 95% CI 0.02, 3.5). Conclusion: Incidence of endocervical dysplasia was extremely low in women with cervical cytology of consecutive ASCUS, ASCUS favor SIL, or low-grade SIL who have a satisfactory and normal colposcopic examination. Our findings suggest that endocervical curettage might be safely avoided in those women. (Obstet Gynecol 2000;95:801–3.)
Efficient evaluation of singular and infinite integrals using the tanh transformation

The application of the tanh transformation in the efficient and accurate evaluation of singular integrals is considered. It is shown that the transform can also be utilised in the efficient computation of infinite integrals. Several numerical examples illustrate the usefulness of the method in computational electromagnetics.
Hypersplenism induced by splenic vein ligation.

Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare clinical entity. It is usually caused by an IgG autoantibody directed against the red blood cell membrane that causes extravascular hemolysis predominantly in the spleen. As a result, disease states or procedures that result in hypersplenism would be expected to increase red cell destruction in patients with an underlying warm AIHA. We present the case of a patient with a previously undiagnosed warm AIHA, who developed worsening hemolysis after undergoing splenic vein ligation during a pancreaticoduodenectomy to remove a neuroendocrine tumor. Am. J. Hematol.
Acanthocytosis and cholesterol enrichment decrease lipid fluidity of only the outer human erythrocyte membrane leaflet.

The structure1–3 and functions4–10 of the human erythrocyte are influenced by the composition and organization of the membrane lipids. The outer (exofacial) and inner (endofacial) leaflets of the erythrocyte membrane differ in lipid composition11,12, and recent studies using a group of membrane-impermeant pyrene fluorophores have demonstrated that the lipid fluidity of the outer leaflet exceeds that of the inner13. Using one of these probes, pyrene butyryl hydrazide linked to the tetrasaccharide stachyose (SPBH) 13, we have compared the lipid fluidity of the outer and inner leaflets in normal human erythrocytes treated experimentally to alter membrane cholesterol content14 and in acanthocytes, erythrocytes of altered morphology found in individuals with the genetic disorder abetalipoproteinaemia15. The results, reported here, demonstrate that hemileaflet fluidity can be altered selectively: acanthocytosis and experimental cholesterol enrichment decrease the lipid fluidity of the outer but not the inner hemileaflet.
Mortality from stroke among U.S. veterans in Georgia and 5 western states. I. Study plan and death rates.

Abstract We have conducted a study to examine some possible explanations for the apparent differences among various sections of the United States in mortality from cerebrovascular disease. Copies of death certificates were obtained for all male veterans who died during the 12 months from July 1967 to June 1968 in 5 western states, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Utah and Wyoming, or in the state of Georgia. All death certificates showing an entry of nontraumatic cerebrovascular disease were included for study, and a sample of other deaths was selected for comparison. Data coded from death certificates show that the populations studied were different with regard to rates of death from cerebrovascular disease as reported. Both proportionate mortality and age specific rates show that there were more deaths ascribed to cerebrovascular disease among the veterans living in Georgia than in the 5 western states. This difference in reported mortality from stroke cannot be explained by the mechanics of certification. Cerebral hemorrhage appears to be more common in Georgia than in the 5 western states, but occlusive cerebrovascular disease is not. A greater frequency of death from hypertension in Georgia than in the West is consistent with the difference in mortality from cerebral hemorrhage.
DAP10- and DAP12-associated receptors in innate immunity

The DAP10 and DAP12 signaling subunits are highly conserved in evolution and associate with a large family of receptors in hematopoietic cells, including dendritic cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, mast cells, monocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, and some B and T cells. Some receptors are able to associate with either DAP10 or DAP12, which contribute unique intracellular signaling functions. Studies of humans and mice deficient in these signaling subunits have provided surprising insights into the physiological functions of DAP10 and DAP12, demonstrating that they can either activate or inhibit immune responses. DAP10- and DAP12-associated receptors have been shown to recognize both host-encoded ligands and ligands encoded by microbial pathogens, indicating that they play an important role in innate immune responses.
Ultimate removal of phosphate from wastewater using a new class of polymeric ion exchangers

Abstract The presence of trace concentrations of dissolved phosphate is often responsible for causing eutrophication problems in lakes, reservoirs, other confined water bodies and coastal waters. In this regard, both biological and physico–chemical treatment processes have been studied extensively to remove phosphate from contaminated water/wastewater. There, however, remains a major need to identify/develop a viable fixed-bed process which can essentially eliminate phosphate from contaminated water/wastewater. Previous investigators have shown the advantages as well as shortcomings of the fixed-bed process when strong-base anion exchangers, activated alumina and zirconium oxides are used as sorbents. The present study reports the results of a detailed investigation pertaining to selective phosphate removal by a new class of sorbent, referred to as polymeric ligand exchanger (PLE). Laboratory studies show strong evidence that the PLE is very selective toward phosphate, chemically stable, and also amenable to efficient regeneration. Anion exchange accompanied by Lewis acid–base interaction is the underlying reason for PLE's enhanced affinity toward phosphate. In several ways, this new ion exchanger (PLE) overcomes the shortcomings of previously used inorganic and polymeric sorbents.
MEDIA FOR SELECTIVE ISOLATION OF HYMENOMYCETES

The growth rates of 32 hymenomycetes and non-hymenomycetes were compared on five media that have been devised for isolation of hymenomycetes. A medium with 2 mg/L benomyl permitted virtually uninhibited growth of hymenomycetes while strongly inhibiting many non-hymenomycetes, but members ofthe Mucorales and several other species still grew well. Testing of various combinations and concentrations of ingredients led to the use of 2 mg/L benomyl and 2 mg/L dichloran as antifungal ingredients. This was tested in isolations from various field materials and in every case performed as well as or better than other commonly used media.
Weight changes during treatment with olanzapine in older adult patients with dementia and behavioral disturbances.

Treatment-emergent weight gain has been reported in younger patients receiving atypical antipsychotics, but less is known about weight gain in adults aged 65 years and older. This was a post hoc an...
Middle Eastern terrorism in Europe: Trends and prospects

Abstract Europe has been the preferred operational area for Middle Eastern terrorist groups—some 418 attacks from 1980–1989. Unlike European Marxist revolutionary or separatist terrorist groups, the Middle Eastern groups present Europe with a regional security problem. The most dangerous element in this Middle Eastern terrorist threat is the state‐sponsored activities of Iran, Libya, Syria, and Iraq. These countries provided the fuel for a decade of Middle Eastern terrorist bloodshed in Europe. Given the problems of solving the various political conflicts and feuds in the Middle East and the continuing attractiveness of Europe as a substitute battlefield for Middle Eastern terrorist elements, the threat of Middle Eastern terrorist activity in Europe should continue into the 1990s.
High quality AIN and GaN grown on compliant Si/SiC substrates by gas source molecular beam epitaxy

Epitaxial layers of AlN and GaN were grown by gas source molecular-beam epitaxy on a composite substrate consisting of a thin (250 nm) layer of silicon (111) bonded to a polycrystalline SiC substrate. Two dimensional growth modes of AlN and GaN were observed. We show that the plastic deformation of the thin Si layer results in initial relaxation of the AlN buffer layer and thus eliminates cracking of the epitaxial layer of GaN. Raman, x-ray diffraction, and cathodoluminescence measurements confirm the wurtzite structure of the GaN epilayer and the c-axis crystal growth orientation. The average stress in the GaN layer is estimated at 320 MPa. This is a factor of two less than the stress reported for HVPE growth on 6H-SiC (0001).
A double (exchange transfusion-carbon clearance) model for testing post-resuscitation reticuloendothelial function.

A double exchange transfusion-double carbon clearance method was evaluated for assessing reticuloendothelial (RE) function following exchange transfusion with hemoglobin solutions. Fifty percent of estimated blood volume (3% body weight) was withdrawn from anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats and isovolumically replaced with shed blood (SB, control), lysed shed blood (LB, pos. control), human stroma-free hemoglobin solution (SFH), or polyhemoglobin solution (PHS). Thirty minutes after the exchange transfusion, colloidal carbon was injected intravenously and its vascular clearance followed for 1 hour. Then, the 50% exchange transfusion was repeated and the second carbon clearance measured. The intravascular carbon clearance constants, K, and clearance half-times, T1/2, were calculated and compared. No apparent differences in RE function were seen among the groups after the initial exchange transfusion. However, following the second exchange transfusion significant (P< 0.05) slowing of carbon clearance was obse...
High-throughput sequencing reveals extensive variation in human-specific L1 content in individual human genomes

Using high-throughput sequencing, we devised a technique to determine the insertion sites of virtually all members of the human-specific L1 retrotransposon family in any human genome. Using diagnostic nucleotides, we were able to locate the approximately 800 L1Hs copies corresponding specifically to the pre-Ta, Ta-0, and Ta-1 L1Hs subfamilies, with over 90% of sequenced reads corresponding to human-specific elements. We find that any two individual genomes differ at an average of 285 sites with respect to L1 insertion presence or absence. In total, we assayed 25 individuals, 15 of which are unrelated, at 1139 sites, including 772 shared with the reference genome and 367 nonreference L1 insertions. We show that L1Hs profiles recapitulate genetic ancestry, and determine the chromosomal distribution of these elements. Using these data, we estimate that the rate of L1 retrotransposition in humans is between 1/95 and 1/270 births, and the number of dimorphic L1 elements in the human population with gene frequencies greater than 0.05 is between 3000 and 10,000.
IMPROVING STUDENT INTEREST IN ENGINEERING THROUGH QUALITY ENHANCEMENT PROJECTS: MECHANICAL TESTING OF BIOMATERIALS

Valdosta State University (VSU) has developed a Quality Enhancement Program (QEP) that focuses on creating an environment to support active learning in classroom through discipline-based inquiry projects, undergraduate research, and project-based learning. Through a grant from the QEP, the VSU engineering students enrolled in the Directed Study course (ENGR 4950) have performed various designs and experiments to develop suitable mechanical tests and computational techniques for determination of the strength of dental porcelains.
SHROOM3 is a novel candidate for heterotaxy identified by whole exome sequencing

Heterotaxy-spectrum cardiovascular disorders are challenging for traditional genetic analyses because of clinical and genetic heterogeneity, variable expressivity, and non-penetrance. In this study, high-resolution SNP genotyping and exon-targeted array comparative genomic hybridization platforms were coupled to whole-exome sequencing to identify a novel disease candidate gene. SNP genotyping identified absence-of-heterozygosity regions in the heterotaxy proband on chromosomes 1, 4, 7, 13, 15, 18, consistent with parental consanguinity. Subsequently, whole-exome sequencing of the proband identified 26,065 coding variants, including 18 non-synonymous homozygous changes not present in dbSNP132 or 1000 Genomes. Of these 18, only 4 - one each in CXCL2, SHROOM3, CTSO, RXFP1 - were mapped to the absence-of-heterozygosity regions, each of which was flanked by more than 50 homozygous SNPs, confirming recessive segregation of mutant alleles. Sanger sequencing confirmed the SHROOM3 homozygous missense mutation and it was predicted as pathogenic by four bioinformatic tools. SHROOM3 has been identified as a central regulator of morphogenetic cell shape changes necessary for organogenesis and can physically bind ROCK2, a rho kinase protein required for left-right patterning. Screening 96 sporadic heterotaxy patients identified four additional patients with rare variants in SHROOM3. Using whole exome sequencing, we identify a recessive missense mutation in SHROOM3 associated with heterotaxy syndrome and identify rare variants in subsequent screening of a heterotaxy cohort, suggesting SHROOM3 as a novel target for the control of left-right patterning. This study reveals the value of SNP genotyping coupled with high-throughput sequencing for identification of high yield candidates for rare disorders with genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity.
Intracommunity Coalitionary Killing of an Adult Male Chimpanzee at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda

Intercommunity coalitionary killing of adult and adolescent males has been documented in two chimpanzee communities in the wild, and it was strongly suspected in a third. It may increase survivorship for the attackers, their mates, and their offspring by reducing the combined strength of hostile neighbors and/or by increasing territory size and food availability, and it may help the attackers to attract mates. Lethal coalitionary attacks by males on other male members of their own communities would not provide these benefits and are not expected, given the importance of cooperation among male community members in contests for dominance rank and in both defense and offense against neighboring males. Nevertheless, intracommunity coalitionary killings associated with struggles for alpha rank occur in the wild and in captivity, and observers have seen serious gang attacks on maturing adolescent and young adult males at Mahale and Budongo: the victim in the Budongo case was killed (Fawcett and Muhumuza, 2000). I describe a lethal attack on a young adult male by a large coalition of males from his community at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. The Ngogo community is the largest known for chimpanzees and has an unusually large number of males. The attack was not related to a struggle for alpha rank: the victim was low-ranking and the community had a well-established alpha at the time. However, the victim had risen substantially in the male hierarchy over the past few years and might have appeared threatening to many higher-ranking males. Simultaneously, he associated relatively little with most other adult males, had relatively few grooming partners and was not well integrated into the male grooming network, and had no influential allies. The combination of these social factors with the unusual demographic circumstances – which presumably meant that mating competition was relatively high and the cost of losing one male relatively low – might have triggered the attack.
Wireless RF Energy Propagation in Multiply-Connected Reverberant Spaces

Electromagnetic compatibility of electronic systems in reverberant environments is an important issue in the deployment of wireless communications and sensor networks in below-deck compartments of ships and in aircraft cabins and bays. The cumulative buildup and full exchange of radiated electromagnetic energy between multiply-connected reverberant spaces are examined using a simple model adapted from the field of acoustics. Based on conservation of average energy in the diffuse fields, the general model formulation is valid for both weak and strong couplings between the cavities caused by window materials, open apertures, closed and open hatches, seams, and cable/pipe penetrations through bulkheads. Physical energy loss and coupling parameters in three connected chambers are determined from an overlay of model solutions to time-resolved received power measurements, and they can subsequently be used to assess wireless emission coverage and shielding of structures in the connected spaces.
Comments on "The Strang-Fix interpolation error bound in an operator setting"

In this comment, it is shown that a previous article on an error bound for Strang-Fix (1971) interpolation contains an error in the proof of the main result. A direct and simple proof without using the machinery of operator theory for the bound on Strang-Fix interpolation error is obtained.
Modeling potential flow using Laurent series expansions and boundary elements

The fundamental underpinnings of the well-known Bernoulli's Equation, as used to describe steady state two-dimensional flow of an ideal incompressible irrotational flow, are typically described in terms of partial differential equations. However, it has been shown that the Cauchy Integral Theorem of standard complex variables also explain the Bernoulli's Equation and, hence, can be directly used to model problems of ideal fluid flow (or other potential problems such as electrostatics among other topics) using approximation function techniques such as the complex variable boundary element method (CVBEM). In this article, the CVBEM is extended to include Laurent Series expansions about singular points located outside of the problem domain union boundary. It is shown that by including such negatively powered complex monomials in the CVBEM formulation, considerable power is introduced to model potential flow problems. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 28: 573–586,2012
Cell-based therapies in kidney disease

Cell-based therapy is an emerging field but one that has shown early promise for the treatment of human kidney diseases. The most widely used cell is the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) given its ability to be harvested from bone marrow, expanded in culture, and used in allogeneic protocols. The beneficial effects of MSCs occur through differentiation-independent pathways that include increased cell survival and proliferation, decreased inflammation, and suppression of immune function. Acute kidney injury and kidney transplantation are the two conditions most frequently treated with MSC infusion. Although initial studies are promising, the long-term efficacy and safety of MSC infusion awaits further study.
Education and Health Expenditures in Bangladesh Benefit Incidence Analysis

Data from the 2000 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES), together with expenditure data from the Ministries of Education and Health and Family Welfare, was used to analyze the distribution of GoB subsidies in these two sectors across poor and nonpoor. The analysis revealed that only two types of spending – outlays on primary education and allocations to child health within Essential Package of Services – are strongly pro-poor.While overall GoB subsidies to education and health were not pro-poor per se, they were more equitably distributed than private spending in these two sectors. Further, these subsidies reduce overall inequality in the income distribution, as they were found to be more equally distributed across the population as compared to overall private expenditures.
Allosteric Activation of DegS, a Stress Sensor PDZ Protease

Summary Regulated intramembrane proteolysis is a method for transducing signals between cellular compartments. When protein folding is compromised in the periplasm of E. coli , the C termini of outer-membrane proteins (OMPs) bind to the PDZ domains of the trimeric DegS protease and activate cleavage of RseA, a transmembrane transcriptional regulator. We show here that DegS is an allosteric enzyme. OMP binding shifts the equilibrium from a nonfunctional state, in which the active sites are unreactive, to the functional proteolytic conformation. Crystallographic, biochemical, and mutagenic experiments show that the unliganded PDZ domains are inhibitory and suggest that OMP binding per se is sufficient to stabilize the relaxed conformation and activate DegS. OMP-induced activation and RseA binding are both positively cooperative, allowing switch-like behavior of the OMP-DegS-RseA system. Residues involved in the DegS allosteric switch are conserved in the DegP/HtrA and HtrA2/Omi families, suggesting that many PDZ proteases use a common mechanism of allosteric activation.
Integrating engineering design and engineering communication to enhance quality

Engineering students require strong design and communication abilities to succeed in today's competitive workplace. To help students meet these needs, Fall 1995 faculty at Arizona State University (ASU) began teaching an innovative new core course, Intermediate Engineering Design (ECE300), which integrates engineering design and engineering communication. In ECE300, which is the only course team taught by engineering design and technical communication experts, faculty collaborate to help students develop their critical thinking abilities and improve the quality of their designs, documents, and presentations.
Oriented Hexagonal Ferrite Compounds for Application at Millimeter Wave Frequencies

Oriented hexagonal ferrite compounds of the formula BaO·[(2 - × - y)NiO·xCoO·yZnO] ·-(7.8 —δ-G)Fe2O3·δAl2O3 are discussed for x = 0 to 0.8; y = 0 to 2.0; and δ= 0 to 1.0. Preparation procedures are described briefly. X-ray techniques are used to determine the degree of orientation of the samples. Cobalt and aluminum substitutions result in a change of 4000 to 19,000 oersteds in anisotropy field for the range of substitutions made. Magnetization and anisotropy field data are reported for all substitutions. The temperature characteristics of the magnetization and the anisotropy field are reported for many of the compounds. The application of these materials in millimeter resonance isolators operating in the frequency region of 18 to 60 Gc is discussed briefly.
Cell life on the surface of lens implants.

A simple technique called lens implant cytology is used to demonstrate cellular membranes on three plastic intraocular lenses removed at about 1, 2 and 3 years after implantation. The pattern of the reactive process somewhat resembles a special foreign body reaction. The cells living on the lens surface have successfully formed a separating membrane between implants and the remainder of the eye in all three cases.
A practical approach to individual thermal comfort and energy optimization problem

This paper presents an intelligent modeling approach to individual thermal comfort and energy optimization problem, which aims to minimize energy consumption and improve thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy. In our previous study, this optimization problem was solved under the assumption of the existence of information about the thermal comfort preferences of individuals. A traditional optimization method is used to calculate off-line optimum solutions to this problem at numerous operating points. These solutions are used to train an intelligent system such as a fuzzy logic system under the same assumption resulting in a control system which encapsulates the behavior of the collection of optimum solutions. This methodology is named "intelligent modeling of optimized systems" (IMOS) in this paper. However, it is hard to gather information about individuals' thermal comfort preferences in practice. The sensitivity analysis on the optimization problem and its approximation with fuzzy logic system regarding individual thermal comfort preferences has been investigated in this paper.
Advertising in a Distribution Channel

Conventional wisdom suggests that one of the goals of manufacturer advertising is to reduce the cross-price elasticity between products (make one's own and rivals' products appear to be less substitutable in the eyes of consumers). Conventional wisdom also suggests that, all else being equal, retailers will be able to obtain better terms of trade from manufacturers the more substitutable are the manufacturers' products. It follows that retailers should be opposed to advertising that has the effect of reducing cross-price elasticities and thus that manufacturer advertising can be a source of channel conflict. We show that these conventional wisdoms need not hold when only some consumers are exposed to the advertising messages. Using a Hotelling model of demand, we show that (1) manufacturers can be worse off from advertising that reduces the cross-price elasticities between their products, (2) channel conflict need not arise, even when the sole purpose of advertising is to affect cross-price elasticities, and (3) depending on its bargaining power, a retailer can be better off when the manufacturers' products are perceived to be less substitutable.
Face Recognition Across Pose and Illumination

The last decade has seen automatic face recognition evolve from small-scale research systems to a wide range of commercial products. Driven by the FERET face database and evaluation protocol, the currently best commercial systems achieve verification accuracies comparable to those of fingerprint recognizers. In these experiments, only frontal face images taken under controlled lighting conditions were used. As the use of face recognition systems expands toward less restricted environments, the development of algorithms for view and illumination invariant face recognition becomes important. However, the performance of current algorithms degrades significantly when tested across pose and illumination, as documented in a number of evaluations. In this chapter, we review previously proposed algorithms for pose and illumination invariant face recognition. We then describe in detail two successful appearance-based algorithms for face recognition across pose, eigen light-fields, and Bayesian face subregions. We furthermore show how both of these algorithms can be extended toward face recognition across pose and illumination.
Thermal analysis of linear variable reluctance motor for manufacturing automation applications

The objective of this paper is to analyze the heat transfer characteristics of the linear variable reluctance motor using a thermal resistance model. The proposed model is suitable for rapid thermal performance evaluation in the early stages of motor design. The linear motor under consideration operates with continuous periodic excitation and long-stroke reciprocating motion, allowing modeling simplifications based on rms velocity and symmetry. The accuracy of the thermal resistance model is verified by a finite element analysis
The Secretion Signal of YopN, a Regulatory Protein of the Yersinia enterocolitica Type III Secretion Pathway

The type III secretion signal of Yersinia enterocolitica YopN was mapped using a gene fusion approach. yopN codons 1 to 12 were identified as critical for signal function. Several synonymous mutations that abolish secretion of hybrid proteins without altering the codon specificity of yopN mRNA were identified.
Pre-operative echocardiographic features associated with persistent mitral regurgitation after left ventricular assist device implantation.

Background Previous studies have shown remarkable decrease in size of the left ventricle after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation due to mechanical unloading. However, a certain number of patients continue to have significant mitral regurgitation (MR) under LVAD support. We investigated pre-operative echocardiographic features associated with persistent MR after LVAD implantation. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 82 consecutive patients undergoing continuous-flow LVAD implantation between 2007 and 2010. We obtained echocardiograms performed within 2 weeks before and 1 week after surgery. We investigated the pre-operative echocardiographic findings associated with significant MR post-LVAD and compared 1-year mortality after LVAD surgery between patients with and without significant MR post-LVAD. Results MR was significant in 43 patients (52.4%) before LVAD surgery. Among those, 5 underwent concomitant mitral valve repair (MVr) at the time of LVAD implantation. Of the remaining 38 patients, 25 (65.8%) showed improvement of MR, whereas 13 patients (34.2%) continued to have significant MR post-LVAD. Multivariate analysis revealed that posterior displacement of the coaptation point of mitral leaflets was significantly associated with significant MR post-LVAD (hazard ratio, 1.335; 95% confidence interval, 1.035–1.721; p = 0.026) even after adjusting for the amount of pre-operative MR flow. Post-LVAD 1-year survival of patients with and without significant MR post-LVAD was not significantly different (92.3% vs 89.1%, p = 0.826). Conclusions Pre-LVAD posterior displacement of mitral leaflets may be indicative of post-operative significant MR, which would help identify echocardiographic features of functional MR refractory to simple volume reduction of the ventricle.
Vigabatrin prevents seizure in swine subjected to hyperbaric hyperoxia

Oxygen is the most widely used therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat decompression sickness (DCS). Oxygen prebreathe (OPB) eliminated DCS in 20-kg swine after rapid decompression from saturation at 60 feet of seawater (fsw). However, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has risks. As oxygen partial pressure increases, so do its toxic effects. Central nervous system (CNS) oxygen toxicity is the most severe side effect, manifesting as seizure. An adjunctive therapeutic is needed to extend OPB strategies to deeper depths and prevent/delay seizure onset. The Food and Drug Administration-approved anti-epileptic vigabatrin has prevented HBO-induced seizures in rats up to 132 fsw. This study aimed to confirm the rat findings in a higher animal model and determine whether acute high-dose vigabatrin evokes retinotoxicity symptoms seen with chronic use clinically in humans. Vigabatrin dose escalation studies were conducted 20-kg swine exposed to HBO at 132 or 165 fsw. The saline group had seizure latencies of 7 and 11 min at 165 and 132 fsw, respectively. Vigabatrin at 180 mg/kg significantly increased latency (13 and 27 min at 165 and 132 fsw, respectively); 250 mg/kg abolished seizure activity at all depths. Functional electroretinogram and histology of the retinas showed no signs of retinal toxicity in any of the vigabatrin=treated animals. In the 250 mg/kg group there was no evidence of CNS oxygen toxicity; however, pulmonary oxygen toxicity limited HBO exposure. Together, the findings from this study show that vigabatrin therapy is efficacious at preventing CNS oxygen toxicity in swine, and a single dose is not acutely associated with retinotoxicity.
CROSS-BORDER TRADE AND INTEGRATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVE (Review of the Book by N. Ryzhova «The Economic Integration of Border Regions»)

Russia’s trade with China has been steadily increasing over the past decade. But in recent months the economic cooperation between the two countries experienced a sudden boost that involved high-level meetings, a long-term multi-billion dollar contracts to deliver Russian gas to China, a ten-fold rise in the yuan-ruble trade on the Moscow Exchange, and the revival of a plan to build a bridge across the Amur River linking the two countries. The regions in Russia’s Far East located along the Chinese border are best placed to benefit from this intensification of cross-border ties. But are they really? In her book, Ryzhova is highly skeptical about such prospects and draws a bleak picture of Russia’s border regions where overly centralized decision making, bureaucratic rent-seeking, and informal hurdles impose trade barriers that impede economic integration with China. In fact, the author is so pessimistic that she does not see any sense in offering policy recommendations as is customary in economic studies. Restricting or eliminating informal networks that dominate cross-border trade is nearly impossible because the rent-seeking bureaucrats that design the relevant policies are themselves involved in these activities. In addition, decreasing the extent of centralization in economic decision making depends on politicians at the center who are not interested in ceding power to the regions. In the long run, Ryzhova sees no rational alternative to the full liberalization of cross-border ties
Moral development: A review of the theory

(1977). Moral development: A review of the theory. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 16, Moral Development, pp. 53-59.
Learning to Extract Keyphrases from Text

Many academic journals ask their authors to provide a list of about five to fifteen key words, to appear on the first page of each article. Since these key words are often phrases of two or more words, we prefer to call them keyphrases. There is a surprisingly wide variety of tasks for which keyphrases are useful, as we discuss in this paper. Recent commercial software, such as Microsoft?s Word 97 and Verity?s Search 97, includes algorithms that automatically extract keyphrases from documents. In this paper, we approach the problem of automatically extracting keyphrases from text as a supervised learning task. We treat a document as a set of phrases, which the learning algorithm must learn to classify as positive or negative examples of keyphrases. Our first set of experiments applies the C4.5 decision tree induction algorithm to this learning task. The second set of experiments applies the GenEx algorithm to the task. We developed the GenEx algorithm specifically for this task. The third set of experiments examines the performance of GenEx on the task of metadata generation, relative to the performance of Microsoft?s Word 97. The fourth and final set of experiments investigates the performance of GenEx on the task of highlighting, relative to Verity?s Search 97. The experimental results support the claim that a specialized learning algorithm (GenEx) can generate better keyphrases than a general-purpose learning algorithm (C4.5) and the non-learning algorithms that are used in commercial software (Word 97 and Search 97).
Morphological Evolution and Systematics of Synthyris and Besseya (Veronicaceae): A Phylogenetic Analysis

Phylogenetic analyses are used to examine the morphological diversity and systematics of Synthyris and Besseya. The placement of Synthyris and Besseya in Veronicaceae is strongly supported in parsimony analyses of nuclear ribosomal ITS DNA sequences. Parsimony and maximum likelihood (ML) criteria provide consistent hypotheses of clades of Synthyris and Besseya based on the ITS data. The combination of morphological characters and ITS data resolve additional clades of Synthyris and Besseya. The results show that Synthyris is paraphyletic to Besseya. In the monophyletic Synthyris clade, Besseya forms part of a Northwest clade that also includes the alpine S. canbyi, S. dissecta ,a ndS. lanuginosa and mesic forest S. cordata, S. reniformis, S. platycarpa ,a ndS. schizantha. The Northwest clade is the sister of S. borealis. An Intermountain clade, comprising S. ranunculina, S. laciniata, S. pinnatifida ,a ndS. missurica, is the sister to the rest of the Synthyris clade. Constraint topologies are used to test prior hypotheses of relationships and morphological similarities. Parametric bootstrapping is used to compare the likelihood values of the best trees obtained in searches under constraints to that of the best tree found without constraints. These results indicate that topologies in which a monophyletic Synthyris is the sister of Besseya are significantly worse than the best ML tree in which Synthyris is paraphyletic to Besseya. Similarly, forcing either the monophyly of all taxa that have deeply incised leaf margins or those that have reniform laminas and broadly rounded apices results in trees that are significantly worse than the best ML tree, in which leaf margin incision and reniform laminas are homoplastic. We propose a new classification for Synthyris that emphasizes monophyletic groups. The new combination Synthyris oblon- gifolia is proposed.
Precambrian ages from the Geiranger-Tafjord-Grotli area of the basal gneiss region, west Norway

Basal Gneiss Region, west Norway gives an Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron age of 1775 ±57 m.y. A foliated granodiorite in more homogeneous gneisses (Fetvatn gneiss) gives an age of 960 ±lO m.y. Similar ages from other areas indicate that most of the Basal Gneiss Region original ed during the Svecofennian and Sveconorwegian orogenies. The role of the Caledonian orogeny in the evolution of the Basal Gneiss Region remains unsettled. The 960 m.y. intrusion possesses a pronounced schistosity indicating recrys talliza tion in a stress field during the Caledonian orogeny or perhaps a late stage of the Sveconorwegian orogeny. The diminished role of the Caledonian orogeny in the formation of portions of the North Atlantic Caledonian System should modify theories for the evolution of this orogen.
Capsule Commentary on Dzeng et al., Moral Distress Amongst American Physician Trainees Regarding Futile Treatments at the End of Life: a Qualitative Inquiry.

D zeng et al. 1 explore a potentially role-defining experience of internal medicine training: providing care one believes to be futile near the end of life. Using interviews at three academic institutions, the authors solicited residents’ and fellows’ experiences providing treatments that provoked moral distress or conflicted with their moral beliefs. Emergent themes revealed that trainees viewed such experiences as Btorture,^ both for the patients whose suffering they were powerless to alleviate and to trainees themselves, who were left feeling powerless, numb, and cynical. The study is not meant to explore the prevalence of futility, but rather to delve deeply into how trainees process and cope with this professional trauma. The recruitment strategy may have affected sampling bias in two ways. Residents with profoundly negative experiences may have been more likely to participate, and the interviews themselves may have offered a venue to reflect on lingering emotions. Alternatively, those with more severe distress may have been underrepresented, if they felt concerned about relieving these experiences or about the safety in speaking honestly. Still, the findings raise important considerations for medical educators. The study also goes beyond questions about whether trainees can define futility, focusing on how they maintain their sense of self during arduous training years. While the definitions continuously evolve through societal and legal debate, these ethical challenges exact a toll. Potential solutions may be found in relationship-centered care (RCC). Emphasizing the importance of clinician authenticity, RCC recognizes that we bring our own emotions and values into our relationships with patients, family members, and team members, and acknowledges how we are shaped by these relationships. Training programs and health care systems need infrastructure to support honest discussions about such challenging cases and the emotions they evoke, whether during rounds with palliative care consultants or mentored family meetings. Such venues may alleviate trainee suffering—and perhaps the unstated suffering of their attendings—by allowing all to express their doubts and grief over treatment decisions. As programs adopt essential palliative care competencies, the heart of these skills remain the mindful practice and self-care that allow clinicians to negotiate and navigate these tough decisions.
"Language, Unearned Status Gain and Intergroup Dynamics in Global Organizations"

Theories of status rarely address unearned status gain—an increase in relative standing, prestige or worth attained due not from individuals’ precipitating increase in effort or achievement but rat...
Microstructure and Lifetime Study of Al/Y Films

Thin Al films alloyed with three different compositions (0.1%, 1%, 5% by weight) of Yttrium were deposited by D.C. Magnetron Sputtering onto oxidized Si wafer substrates. The samples were furnace annealed at 425 °C for 30 minutes. Resistivity measured for the as-deposited and annealed Al(0.1wt% Y) were 3.07 and 2.57+/−0.25 μΩcm respectively. Al(0.1wt% Y) was also annealed by furnace annealing (FA), rapid thermal annealing (RTA) and rapid photothermal annealing (RPA). RPA gave a residual resistivity of 2.67μΩcm in 5 minutes and at a temperature of 350 C for Al(0.1wt% Y). Mean time to failure for AI(0.1wt% Y) samples at a current density of 3.2+/−0.5×106A/cm2 at 30 C was 50 hours. TEM results showed grain size variation from 0.5 to 2 μm.