cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FAMILIAL NEPHRITIS, A VARIANT OF ALPORT'S SYNDROME?

A form of familial nephritis with many features distinct from Alport's Syndrome (AS) was diagnosed in 7 of 10 children of clinically unaffected parents. The disease is manifested by progressive renal failure without antecedent hematuria, proteinuria or discernible auditory and ocular defects. The disease is more severe in females, 3 of 4 affected reaching end-stage by age 12 years. Of 3 affected males, only one 17 year old has developed chronic renal failure. Biopsies in 3 of 4 clinically unaffected siblings, 3 female and 1 male, showed focal glomerular as well as interstitial changes with normal vasculature; no immune complex deposits were seen. The chief ultrastructural features were 1) thinning of several peripheral glomerular capillary basement membranes (GBM) in all 2) irregular GBM thickening with small lucent areas in a few loops 3) small podocytes frequently sprouting foot processes directly from scant perniculear cytoplasm. The characteristic changes of AS were not seen in 3. However, in the fourth patient one isolated loop showed changes that resembled or were compatible with these of AS. Because of the absence of a family history, the asymptomatic progressive renal failure particularly in young females and some unusual ultrastructural features, we suggest this family represents either a variant of AS or an undescribed form of familial glomerulonephritis.
Stimulation of DNA synthesis in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes by rat platelet-associated substance(s).

Experiments in whole animals have shown that normally quiescent adult rat hepatocytes are induced to proliferate by blood borne substances, which we are now probing in primary monolayer cultures. Under our conditions, freshly isolated adult hepatocytes do not proliferate actively in a defined medium, but are stimulated to synthesize DNA — an essential first step — by either serum or an EGF-hormone combination.
Benchmark: Native radio broadcasting in North America: An overview of systems in the United States and Canada

For many years, Native Americans in the United States and Canada were served by broadcast systems that provided little or no Native language programming. In the early 1970s a relatively new phenomenon, the Native owned and operated radio station, began to emerge in both countries. Although Native broadcasting evolved differently in the U.S. and Canada, the two systems share many of the same goals and problems. The continued growth of new Native owned and operated radio stations and the organization of cooperative information and program sharing networks suggest that Native radio is meeting a specific need.
Organ Transplants: The Costs of Success

Just thirty years after the first kidney transplant between identical twins was undertaken in 1954, organ transplantation has come of age. Today many transplant surgeons have attained success rates of over 80 percent survival for at least five years among those who have received kidneys from live related donors. The survival rate for recipients of cadaver kidneys five years after surgery is 60 percent. More than 95 percent of cornea transplant recipients have their sight restored. Aided by new immunosuppressive drugs such as Cyclosporin, better tissue-matching capabilities, and improved surgical techniques, medicine has also made great strides in the past ten years in transplanting bone marrow, hearts, livers, lungs, pancreases, and spleens. In the course of one recent week at the University of Minnesota transplant center, says Chief Surgeon John Najarian, "We transplanted eight kidneys, two hearts, two pancreases, and one liver."
Guest-host-interaction-induced enhancement of optical nonlinearity of liquid crystals and isotropic liquids

ABSTRACT Optical nonlinearity of liquid crystals (LC) in the isotropic phase can be enhanced by one order of magnitude by dissolving 0. 1% of anthraquinone dye in the LC. The enhancement decreases when the LC transforms into the nematic phase. The sameguest-host effect also exists in non-LC liquids. It can be explained by a model based on selective excitation of dye moleculesand the change of guest-host interaction induced by optical excitations of the dye.Keywords: liquid crystals, dye, optical Kerr effect, Freedericktz transition, optical nonlinearity, guest-host interaction INTRODUCTION Guest-host interaction is a subject ofhigh interest in many disciplines. Recently, it has received a great deal of attention in thefield of liquid crystals (LC) because of its potential applications to displays and other optoelectronic devices. In one case, itwas found that the unusually strong optical nonlinearity of nematics LCs can be further enhanced dramatically by a smallamount of dye dissolved in LC '.
LIQUID WATER WITHIN CONVECTIVE CLOUDS

Abstract Measurements of liquid-water content in cumulus clouds were made with a device which records changes of conductivity of a paper tape with changes of wetness. One series of measurements was made in tropical cumuli; another was made in clouds over the Central United States. Examples of the variability of liquid water in convective clouds and typical values are given. It was found that the high values of liquid-water content occurred in clouds in which precipitation formed. Comparisons of the observed values of liquid water with theoretical values based on an assumption of moist-adiabatic air ascent, without mixing, lead to the conclusion that clouds with precipitation contain regions where the liquid water exceeds the theoretical amounts.
WHETHER TO SELL OR HOLD A STOCK

For a simple model of a stock, whose stock price is a geometric Brownian motion in which the drift rate changes back and forth between positive and negative values, optimal selling times are computed. An infinite optimal selling time meaning you should just hold the stock. 1. Introduction. Motley Fool advises individual investors to use the "buy and hold" strategy, that is to buy "good stocks" which "will grow" and hold them. What is a "good stock"? All stocks have periods of growth and periods of decline. If an investor's stock price declines, should he sell the stock? Will it recover and regain it's value? If so, he should hold it, if not he should sell it. These problems are analyzed for a simple stock price model. The model for the stock price is given by a geometric Brownian motion whose drift rate is a two state jump Markov process. One state of the drift rate is positive. In this state the stock price should increase. The other state of the drift rate is negative. In this state the stock price should decrease. The randomness of the Brownian motion makes these periods of increase or decrease only approximate. For this model whether a stock is "good" or not depends on the solution of a differential equation. This solution is either positive on (0,1) or there is an x ∗ such that it is positive on (x ∗ ,1) and negative on (0,x ∗ ). When the solution is positive the stock should not be sold. When it is not, the stock should be sold as follows. Let x(t) denote, the conditional probability that the drift rate is in the increasing state, given observations of the stock price up to time t. The stock should be sold at the first time x(t) hits (0,x ∗ ). This selling time has finite expected value, so the stock will always be sold after a finite time in this case.
Sex differences in learning in chimpanzees

The wild chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, fish for termites with flexible tools that they make out of vegetation, inserting them into the termite mound and then extracting and eating the termites that cling to the tool. Tools may be used in different ways by different chimpanzee communities according to the local chimpanzee culture. Here we describe the results of a four-year longitudinal field study in which we investigated how this cultural behaviour is learned by the community's offspring. We find that there are distinct sex-based differences, akin to those found in human children, in the way in which young chimpanzees develop their termite-fishing skills.
A photocapture test of DX-center models

The DX-center model is widely used to explain data for the persistent photoconductivity (PPC) effect. An analysis of the DX-center model suggests a new experiment to test its correctness. In this experiment, photons near the threshold energy of the photoionization cross-section for the DX-center induce transitions from the partially occupied conduction band to empty DX-centers. This mechanism, which we call photocapture, competes with the usual photoionization which empties the DX-centers. The photocapture cross-section is estimated and an experimental attempt is made to detect photocapture. The null result suggests that the DX-center model is incorrect. 16 refs., 4 figs.
Kernel identification using quasilinearization

On suppose qu'un systeme physique, regi par une equation integro-differentielle contenant un noyau de deplacement, est observe sur un certain intervalle de temps. On cherche a determiner le noyau de sorte que la solution de l'equation ajuste de facon optimale les donnees, dans le sens des moindres carres. Le noyau est defini comme solution d'equations differentielles non lineaires avec conditions initiales et parametres de systeme inconnues. Ces dernieres sont determinees a chaque iteration, en se servant d'une quasi-linearisation
Calculation and experimental validation of induced currents on coupled wires in an arbitrary shaped cavity

An efficient numerical technique is presented for the calculation of induced electric currents on coupled wires and multiconductor bundles placed in an arbitrary shaped cavity and excited by an external incident plane wave. The method is based upon the finite-difference time-domain (FD-TD) formulation. The concept of equivalent radius is used to replace wire bundles with single wires in the FD-TD model. Then, the radius of the equivalent wire is accounted by a modified FD-TD time-stepping expression (based on a Faraday's law contour-path formulation) for the looping magnetic fields adjacent to the wire. FD-TD computed fields at a virtual surface fully enclosing the equivalent wire are then obtained, permitting calculation of the currents on the wires of the original bundle using a standard electric field integral equation (EFIE). Substantial analytical and experimental validations are reported for both time-harmonic and broad-band excitations of wires in free space and in a high- Q metal cavity.
Large-scale network protocol emulation on commodity cloud

Network emulation allows us to evaluate network protocol implementations, typically in higher fidelity than simulations. This advantage comes at a cost. Emulation often requires much larger IO or computational resources than simulations. As a result, it is common to see some research projects doing simulations with up to hundred thousand nodes while emulations typically scale up to a few hundred nodes. In this paper, we present CloudNet, a network protocol emulation platform that leverages the commodity cloud computing service to scale emulations to thousands of nodes. CloudNet uses a light-weight virtualization technique called LXC containers to emulate a single node. The network protocol code and the protocol state for each node is maintained in its respective container. CloudNet then uses properties of the network topology to determine where to place these containers among many physical machines researchers might rent on the cloud service. CloudNet's careful mapping of nodes to the containers makes network performance more predictable and suitable for emulation even on a shared commodity cloud, which were previously thought to be unsuitable for serious network emulation. Through extensive experiments, we establish that CloudNet is scalable to thousand-node networks while providing accurate emulation results.
Collision-induced dissociation of low energy benzene ions

Abstract The reaction dynamics of collision-induced dissociation of benzene molecular ions at low collision energy has been investigated using a tandem hybrid crossed-beam apparatus. The major primary dissociation reactions forming C4 H4+ and C3H3+ have been investigated over the range of center-of-mass collision energies from 4.9 to 17 eV. The energy transfer mechanism is impulsive at all energies; side-scattering is observed at low energy and significant angular scattering occurs at the highest energy studied. At low collision energy the average translational endoergicity to form C4H4+ ions is approximately equal to the appearance energy of this ion in the benzene mass spectrum. At 10 eV and higher collision energy the average energy transferred exceeds the lowest energy reaction mechanism by about 1 eV for both channels. A very broad energy deposition function is deduced, with energy transfer ranging from about 1 eV up to 10 eV, with most probable energy transfer of about 6 eV. The very high translational endoergicity and broad range of energy deposition in reactant ions which are highly vibrationally excited prior to collisional activation suggests non-ergodic decomposition pathways are favored.
Reconstructing baryon oscillations: A Lagrangian theory perspective

Recently Eisenstein and collaborators introduced a method to ``reconstruct'' the linear power spectrum from a nonlinearly evolved galaxy distribution in order to improve precision in measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations. We reformulate this method within the Lagrangian picture of structure formation, to better understand what such a method does, and what the resulting power spectra are. We show that reconstruction does not reproduce the linear density field, at second order. We however show that it does reduce the damping of the oscillations due to nonlinear structure formation, explaining the improvements seen in simulations. Our results suggest that the reconstructed power spectrum is potentially better modeled as the sum of three different power spectra, each dominating over different wavelength ranges and with different nonlinear damping terms. Finally, we also show that reconstruction reduces the mode-coupling term in the power spectrum, explaining why miscalibrations of the acoustic scale are reduced when one considers the reconstructed power spectrum.
Specificity of elevated serum MB creatine phosphokinase activity in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction

Abstract Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) isoenzyme determinations are useful in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. However, until suitably sensitive and precise quantitative procedures became available, the diagnostic specificity of serum CPK isoenzyme elevations could not be thoroughly examined. In this study an assay procedure capable of accurately determining activity of individual CPK isoenzymes even in serum samples with normal total CPK activity was employed to obtain two types of information. First, CPK isoenzyme profiles were examined in extracts of a spectrum of human tissues obtained at operation to determine whether the isoenzyme associated with myocardium is present in other human tissues in quantities sufficient to produce increased activity in serum. In addition, CPK isoenzymes were analyzed quantitatively in serial serum samples from 50 hospitalized control subjects, 100 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 100 patients undergoing noncardiac surgery and 50 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization to determine whether insult to tissues other than the heart is associated with increased “myocardial” CPK isoenzyme activity in serum. Results from analyses of tissue extracts indicated that myocardium is the only tissue surveyed containing sufficient MB CPK to account for substantial increases in serum MB activity. Results from analyses of serial serum samples indicated that MB CPK activity levels are consistently elevated after myocardial infarction, averaging 0.089 IU/ml. However, after cardiac catheterization or noncardiac surgery peak serum MB activity remains low, averaging only 0.004 IU/ml despite marked elevations in total serum CPK activity. Thus, elevated serum MB CPK activity is a highly specific as well as sensitive criterion of myocardial injury.
DNA polymerase activity from two temperature-sensitive mutants of Rous sarcoma virus is thermolabile.

Temperature sensitivity of growth and transformation by certain early Rous sarcoma virus mutants correlates with thermolability of their virion-associated DNA polymerase. The enzyme is therefore encoded by viral RNA and is required for provirus synthesis.
Nonparametric/semiparametric estimation and testing of econometric models with data dependent smoothing parameters ☆

We consider nonparametric/semiparametric estimation and testing of econometric models with data dependent smoothing parameters. Most of the existing works on asymptotic distributions of a nonparametric/semiparametric estimator or a test statistic are based on some deterministic smoothing parameters, while in practice it is important to use data-driven methods to select the smoothing parameters. In this paper we give a simple sufficient condition that can be used to establish the first order asymptotic equivalence of a nonparametric estimator or a test statistic with stochastic smoothing parameters to those using deterministic smoothing parameters. We also allow for general weakly dependent data.
INTEREST RATES, MONEY GROWTH RATES, INFLATION AND THE ‘EASE’ OR ‘TIGHTNESS, OF MONEY

SUMMARY This paper argues that definite statements can not be made on a priori grounds alone regarding the behavior of interest rates, rates of money growth, and rates of price change as they relate to the ‘ease’ or ‘tightness’ of money. The basic analytical framework is the familiar Metzler-type model with monetary and fiscal controls added to allow the government to conduct open-market operations and levy a lump-sum income tax. This framework is extended in such a manner that explicit recognition is given to the effects of the rate of growth of the nominal money supply on the simultaneous determination of the nominal interest rate, the real interest rate, the rate of growth of real output, and therate of inflation (or deflation). ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Auf Grund von a priori-Argumenten allein konnen keine definitiven Aussagen uber das Verhalten von Zinssatzen, Wachstumsraten der Geldmenge and Preisanderungen in ihrer Abhangigkeit von der knappen oder reichlichen Geldversorgung gemacht werden. Den Rahmen zur Erlauterung dieser Behauptung liefert das bekannte Modell vom Metzler-Typ – erweitert urn fiskalische and monetare Kontrollvariablen, die es der Regierung erlauben, Offenmarktoperationen durchzufuhren and eine Kopf-Einkommenssteuer zu erheben. Die Auswirkungen der Wachstumsrate des nominalen Geldangebots auf nominale and reale Zinssatze, auf die Wachstumsrate des realen and nominalen Volkseinkommens and die Inflationsrate (oder Deflationsrate) werden explizit dargelegt. RESUME Sur la base d'arguments a priori uniquement, aucune affirmation definitive n'est possible en ce qui concerne le comportement des taux d'interet, des taux de croissance de la monnaie et des taux de variations des prix en relation avec l'importance plus ou moins grande de la masse monetaire. Le cadre analytique fondamental est constitue par le modele bien connu du type Metzler. Celui-ci comprend des controles monetaires et financiers permettant au gouvernement de conduire des operations d'open-market et de prelever un impot sur le revenu global. Dans le cadre d'un modele elargi, 1'auteur du present article expose de facon explicite les effets du taux de croissance de la masse monetaire nominale sur la determination simultanee des taux d'interet nominaux, des taux d'interet reels, du taux de croissance de rout-put reel et du taux d'inflation (ou de deflation).
Investigation of defects in N + -CDS/P-CdTe solar cells

Two sets of samples (CdTe solar cells) were investigated at −1V within a temperature range of 300K–393K. We discuss Shockley-Read-Hall recombination /generation (SRH R-G) as applied to CdTe and the assumptions used to yield trap energy levels in CdTe. Observed activation energies of the J-V characterization made with Cu-containing back contact in one sample shows one slope while in another sample shows two distinct slopes in Arrhenius plot of ln (J 0 T−2) vs. 1000/T. Using published identification of the physical trap with energy level, we conclude that one sample does not have hole traps while the other cell shows deep levels corresponding to substitutional impurities of Cu and positive interstitial Cu i 2+.
A deterministic o(m log m) time algorithm for the reeb graph

We present a deterministic algorithm to compute the Reeb graph of a PL real-valued function on a simplicial complex in O(m log m) time, where m is the size of the 2-skeleton. The problem reduces to dynamic graph connectivity. We obtain the running time by using offline graph connectivity which assumes that the sequence of operations is known in advance. The algorithm is implemented and experimental results are given. In addition, we reduce the offline graph connectivity problem to computing the Reeb graph.
Unmanned and autonomous systems mission based test and evaluation

We propose to apply principles from the Army Evaluation Center's Mission Based Test and Evaluation (MBT&E) to Unmanned and Autonomous Systems (UAS) Test and Evaluation (T&E) in order to conduct rigorous, real-world testing based on anticipated military missions. In order to understand MBT&E, we introduce and describe its parent, the Mission and Means Framework. Finally, we describe a vignette that incorporates autonomous systems in the context of a mission to illustrate these principles.
Low frequency noise in quantum-well Ge x Si 1-x PMOSFET's

This paper describes the low frequency noise behavior of a quantum-well Ge x Si 1-x p-channel MOSFET. Two noise mechanisms were involved in this buried channel device. At room temperature, generation-recombination (g-r) noise dominates, while at very low temperature, flicker (l/f) noise becomes important.
A Behavioral Evaluation of Curriculum-Based Assessment of Reading:

This study was designed to examine the effects of setting and method accuracy in Curriculum-Based Assessment (CBA), based on Cone's (1981, 1987) elaboration of a methodology for validating behavior...
Competition between four-wave mixing and amplified spontaneous emission

There has recently been considerable interest in nonlinear optical interactions in which two different processes compete with one another. In this paper, we review some recent work in this area, and describe the results of our own investigation of competition between four-wave mixing and amplified spontaneous emission. We find that under two-photon excitation of the sodium 3d level, new optical frequency components can be generated either by amplified spontaneous emission at the 3d→3p transition frequency or by a resonantly enhanced four-wave mixing process. We have observed competition between these two processes, resulting in the suppression of amplified spontaneous emission. The transfer of population to the 3d level is inhibited by the destructive interference between two different pathways connecting the ground and upper levels.
In vitro evaluation of U.S. and U.S.S.R. artificial hearts.

This report summarizes the results of the in vitro evaluation of Soviet and American artificial hearts. The devices were tested at the All-Union Institute of Transplantation and Artificial Organs, Moscow, U.S.S.R., and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, U. S. A. These studies were designed to standardize procedures to allow comparison of artificial ventricles of different designs. Also, these studies might provide a means for evaluation of other characteristics such as hemolysis, durability, and reliability. Static and dynamic tests were performed, varying preload, afterload, rate, and systolic and diastolic time intervals. All designs demonstrated comparable function curves with capability of taking over the pressure and volume work of the natural heart.
MULTIPARTON COLLISIONS AND HADRON-NUCLEON CROSS SECTIONS

We have ecamined the charged multiplicity distributions arising from p-p and at energies ranging from 30 GeV to 1800 GeV. We find that a portion of each distribution does indeed KNO scale. Those parts of the distributions that do not KNO scale are the result of multiparton collisions. Results from E735 at Fermilab seem to show evidence for both double and triple parton-parton collisions. These multiparton collisions seem to account for the increase in the non-single diffractive cross section in this energy domain.
Alterations in regional homogeneity of resting-state brain activity in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Purpose The purpose of the present study was to identify abnormal areas of regional synchronization in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampus sclerosis (mTLE-HS) compared to healthy controls, by applying a relatively novel method, the Regional Homogeneity (ReHo) method to resting state fMRI(RS-fMRI) data.
Poor Correlation Between Perihematomal MRI Hyperintensity and Brain Swelling After Intracerebral Hemorrhage

The perihematomal hyperintensity (PHH) is commonly interpreted to represent cerebral edema following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but the accuracy of this interpretation is unknown. We therefore investigated the relationship between the changes in PHH and the changes in hemispheric brain volume as a measure of edema during the first week after ICH. Fifteen individuals aged 66 ± 13 with baseline hematoma size of 13.1 ml (range 3–43) were prospectively studied with sequential MRI 1.0 ± 0.5, 2.6 ± 0.9, and 6.5 ± 1.0 days after spontaneous supratentorial ICH. Changes in hemispheric brain volume were assessed on MPRAGE using the Brain-Boundary Shift Integral (BBSI). Hematoma and PHH volumes were measured on T2-weighted images. Brain volume increased a small but statistically significant amount (6.3 ± 8.0 ml, 0.6 ± 0.7%) between the first and second scans relative to 10 normal controls (−0.9 ± 4.1 ml, P = 0.02) and returned toward baseline at the third scan (1.5 ± 9.5 ml vs. controls 0.9 ± 4.0 ml, P = 0.85). There were no significant differences in the volume changes between the two hemispheres at scan 2 or scan 3. At both scan 2 (P = 0.04) and scan 3 (P = 0.004), the change in PHH was significantly greater than and poorly correlated with the change in ipsilateral hemispheric volume. There were no significant correlations between the change in NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the change in PHH, ipsilateral, or total brain volume at scan 2 or scan 3 (all P > 0.05). In patients with small-to-moderate-sized hematomas, change in PHH was a poor measure of brain edema in the first week following ICH. A small degree of bihemispheric brain swelling occurred, but was of little clinical significance.
Religion and health in Mexican Americans.

The relationship between religion and health was investigated using data from a three-generation study of mexican Americans. Two measures of religion—religious institution attendance and self-rated religiosity—were correlated with a number of functional health indicators, including self-rated health, activity restriction owing to health, bed disability days, physician utilization, worry over health, a physical symptoms scale, and a depression scale. In addition, prevalence rates were calculated for several major chronic diseases. Many significant associations obtained, as well as an inverse relationship between self-rated religiosity and hypertension. These findings are interpreted in light of the literature on religious attendance and health and on religion and aging.
A study of natural convection above a line fire

The behaviour of a natural convection plume above a line fire is studied both theoretically and experimentally. In the theoretical treatment, a turbulent plume above a steady two-dimensional finite source of heated fluid in a uniform ambient fluid is investigated. By the use of the lateral entrainment assumption, a quadrature solution has been obtained for each of two separate ranges of a source Froude number, F 1. In neither of these cases can the finite width line source be accurately represented by an equivalent mathematical line source at a lower level. Only the special case, F = 1, can be so represented and its solution is discussed.In the experimental treatment, hot gases, resulting from the burning of a liquid fuel in a long channel burner, are driven upwards by buoyancy and gradually cooled down by the entrainment of ambient air. The average temperature along lines parallel to the channel burner was measured by a piece of resistance wire. For the case of a non-luminous diffusion flame, the effective radiation loss to the surroundings was assumed to be negligible, and,by a comparison of the energy flux supplied from the fuel and the energy flux contained in the plume, the characteristic turbulence entrainment coefficient is determined. By the alternate use of either an absorbing or a reflecting surface for the table-top surrounding a luminous flame, a measurement was made of the energy radiated from the flame that was intercepted by the fire surroundings and subsequently returned to the buoyancy plume by heating the ingested air. These measurements agree with estimates computed from such data as are available. The experimental results relating to the behaviour of the convection plume agree closely with the theoretical predictions in all cases.
Absorption Spectrum of the Hydrogen Molecule

WITH the continuous spectrum described by Lyman (Astrophysical Jour., 60, 1) as a background, and with hydrogen flowing through the receiver of the spectrograph, it was found possible to photograph the absorption spectrum of molecular hydrogen in the extreme ultra-violet. More than twenty absorption bands were observed between λλ1245 and 840. Most of the bands were clearly resolved and show the characteristic structure of the emission bands in the ultra-violet. The most striking feature of the spectrum is a progression of strong absorption bands beginning with 1105. At least twelve bands of this progression were easily recognised. This adds a new electronic level to the three already obtained (Dieke and Hopfield, Oakland Meeting of the American Physical Society, June 1926) from the hydrogen emission spectrum. A continuous absorption spectrum begins sharply at 840. This continuous absorption corresponds to the dissociation of the molecule into a normal and an excited atom. The long wave-length limit of the continuous absorption compares well with the theoretical value 14.4 volts. Complete details will be published later.
Evaluation of the Backpressure Technique for Blockage Detection in Gas Flowlines

As longer, full well-stream flowlines are utilized to reduce the costs of deep water and satellite developments, routine production monitoring attains a new level of importance. Of particular interest is the operational impact that blocking agents such as paraffins, asphaltenes, hydrates, and scale can have on the flowlines. Because blockages can reduce and even disrupt production, monitoring flowline performance becomes an economic necessity. This paper considers the application of the backpressure technique as a means of monitoring the growth of blockages in gas flowlines. Using only routine production data, this method quantifies partial blockages by comparing production data to a baseline performance curve. Experimental verification was performed using the LSU 9,460 ft. flowloop of 4-1/2 inch drillpipe. Multirates tests were conducted using methane at 450--610 psig with partial blockages placed in the flowloop. Good agreement with the backpressure model was observed.
Backscattering of Kilovolt Electrons from Solids

The total number and energy distribution of backscattered electrons at 0.2-4 kev incident energy ($V$) have been measured for six elements using electrostatic retarding potential techniques. For atomic number $Z\ensuremath{\lesssim}30$, backscattering was found to be essentially independent of $V$ and almost linearly dependent on $Z$. For $Z\ensuremath{\gtrsim}30$, backscattering decreases with decreasing $V$ below 2-3 kev to values less than those for elements of $Z\ensuremath{\simeq}30$, and it no longer is a simple function of $Z$. The ratio of the mean energy of the backscattered electrons to that of the primaries is found to be close to one-half for $Z=6$ and to increase only slightly for the heavier elements. These results are shown to indicate a dominant role of inelastic processes in the scattering of intermediate energy electrons, in contrast to scattering at very high energies, where elastic interactions control the phenomenon.
Rhetoric, Modality, Modernity

Nancy S. Struever, Rhetoric, Modality, Modernity (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009), x + 158 pp. $35.00 (cloth), $7.00–$30.00 (e-book). Nancy S. Struever's Rhetoric, Modality, Modernity i...
Assay of growth factors for prostate epithelial cells

The maintenance and proliferation of isolated prostate epithelial cells is androgen independent, but requires multiple other hormones and hormonelike growth factors. Methods are described for isolation and characterization of epithelial cells from normal rat prostate and the androgen-responsive transplantable Dunning R3327 rat tumor. Pure tumor-derived cell lines can be established by serial culture techniques. The normal primary and serially cultured cell lines are then used to assay growth factors. Cell proliferation is quantitated by computerized videometry.
Abnormalities in osteoclast precursors and marrow accessory cells in Paget's disease.

Paget's disease of bone is characterized by increased numbers of abnormal osteoclasts. To determine if osteoclast precursors were increased or abnormal in this disease, we examined CFU-GM, the committed granulocyte-macrophage progenitor and the most likely precursor for osteoclasts. In cultures of unfractionated marrow mononuclear cells, CFU-GM colony formation was significantly increased in Paget's marrow cultures compared to that in normal cells (356 +/- 44 vs. 271 +/- 15/10(5) cells; P < 0.05). However, when we enriched hematopoietic precursors from Paget's and normal marrow samples using an antibody that recognizes the CD34 antigen present on most hematopoietic precursors, we found that similar numbers of CFU-GM colonies were formed (87 +/- 13/10(4) cells plated vs. 83 +/- 13). Coculture experiments with highly purified hematopoietic precursors (CD34+ cells) and nonhematopoietic marrow accessory cells (CD34- cells) revealed that the growth of Paget's precursors was significantly enhanced above expecte...
Geometry deformation and mesomeric effect at the minimal-energy conical intersections and their relationship to the photoreactivity of indolylfulgides: A TD-DFT study

Abstract Minimum energy conical intersection (MECI) is the low-lying point on the CI hyperseam that facilitates ultrafast radiationless transition in photochromes. Time dependent density functional theory calculations using Maeda’s updated branching plane method were employed in the study of indolylfulgides’ structure at the MECI. Four criteria were used to effectively characterize the influence of the MECI structure on the photoreactivity of indolylfulgides; three of these criteria (molecular orbital, bond lengths and the height of C 6 trigonal pyramid) were paramount to identifying one novel MECI structure and confirming 2 others previously reported.
A Comprehensive Modeling Study of iso-Octane Oxidation

A detailed chemical kinetic mechanism has been developed and used to study the oxidation of iso-octane in a jet-stirred reactor, flow reactors, shock tubes and in a motored engine. Over the series of experiments investigated, the initial pressure ranged from 1 to 45 atm, the temperature from 550 K to 1700 K, the equivalence ratio from 0.3 to 1.5, with nitrogen-argon dilution from 70% to 99%. This range of physical conditions, together with the measurements of ignition delay time and concentrations, provide a broad-ranging test of the chemical kinetic mechanism. This mechanism was based on our previous modeling of alkane combustion and, in particular, on our study of the oxidation of n-heptane. Experimental results of ignition behind reflected shock waves were used to develop and validate the predictive capability of the reaction mechanism at both low and high temperatures. Moreover, species’ concentrations from flow reactors and a jet-stirred reactor were used to help complement and refine the low and intermediate temperature portions of the reaction mechanism, leading to good predictions of intermediate products in most cases. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed for each of the combustion environments in an attempt to identify the most important reactions under the relevant conditions of study. © 2002 by The Combustion Institute
Proximal Gastric Vagotomy Without Drainage for Treatment of Perforated Duodenal Ulcer

One hundred and nine patients with perforated duodenal ulcer were treated by operation between 1973 and 1980. The operations performed included simple closure in 37 patients, vagotomy and drainage or gastric resection in 12 patients, and proximal gastric vagotomy without drainage and with omental patch of the perforation in 60 patients. Patients who were treated by proximal gastric vagotomy have been observed for 1–8 yr and form the basis of this study. There was no operative mortality. One patient with a postoperative infection required secondary drainage and a second patient with intestinal obstruction required lysis of adhesions. There were no other important complications. Persistent mild dumping occurred in 1 patient. Diarrhea was not a complication for any patient. One patient developed a recurrent ulcer and underwent truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty. All patients except the patient with a recurrent ulcer had a Visick grading of I or II. Proximal gastric vagotomy, omental patch of the ulcer, and no drainage procedure is the ideal operation for patients who are candidates for definitive treatment of a perforated duodenal ulcer.
The Continuum of Hydroclimate Variability in Western North America during the Last Millennium

AbstractThe distribution of climatic variance across the frequency spectrum has substantial importance for anticipating how climate will evolve in the future. Here power spectra and power laws (β) are estimated from instrumental, proxy, and climate model data to characterize the hydroclimate continuum in western North America (WNA). The significance of the estimates of spectral densities and β are tested against the null hypothesis that they reflect solely the effects of local (nonclimate) sources of autocorrelation at the monthly time scale. Although tree-ring-based hydroclimate reconstructions are generally consistent with this null hypothesis, values of β calculated from long moisture-sensitive chronologies (as opposed to reconstructions) and other types of hydroclimate proxies exceed null expectations. Therefore it may be argued that there is more low-frequency variability in hydroclimate than monthly autocorrelation alone can generate. Coupled model results archived as part of phase 5 of the Coupled ...
Genetic, Immunologic and Biotransformation Studies of Patients on Procainamide

This report represents follow-up observations of a unique long-term study of patients on procainamide (PA) for various cardiac arrhythmias. Serologic and clinical evaluations associated with drug-related autoimmunity were assessed and patients were characterized for factors postulated to influence susceptibility to autoimmunity, including acetylator phenotype, oxidative metabolism of PA, HLA class profile, and production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Fifty-two percent had IgM and 70% IgG antibodies to total histones; 67% had IgG antibodies to histone H2A/H2B. Patients were equally divided between fast and slow acetylators. N-oxidative metabolism of PA was indicated by the presence of urinary nitroprocainamide, which correlated with elevated titers of antihistone antibodies. There was a significant incidence of the DQw7 split of DQw3 in PA patients when compared to controls, and the frequency of antibodies to total histones and H2A/H2B was significantly increased in the DQw7 pati...
Anti-angiogenesis therapy in pancreatic carcinoma.

Summary Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a leading cause of cancer death in the United States and represents a challenging chemotherapeutic problem. The treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer with gemcitabine has only modest activity with a small survival benefit, and toxicity continues to be a major obstacle. New therapeutic strategies that notably lack cross resistance with established treatment regimens are much needed in pancreatic cancer. One such approach is the pharmacological control of angiogenesis that represents a novel approach to the management of pancreas cancer, since the pathological development of vascula r supply is a critical step for tumor growth and may affect its prognosis. Since pancreatic carcinoma show strong tumor neoangiogenesis, overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key mediator of angiogenesis, in pancreatic cancer and consequently are highly vascularized, the role of anti -angiogenic therapies is under exploration at present. Hence, this review covers the summary of the development of anti-angiogenesis as anti-antitumor therapy in pancreatic carcinoma, including matrixmetalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs), such as marimastat and BAY 12-9566, anti-VEGF agent, bevacizumab (Avastin, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA), celecoxib (a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor), thalidomide and others. Role of markers of angiogenesis in predicting response to therapy is also discussed.
Fatigue sensor for structural health monitoring: Design, fabrication and experimental testing of a prototype sensor

Summary Fatigue damage monitoring of any structure is a prerequisite for reliable and effective structural health prognosis. A novel fatigue sensor for detecting and monitoring the fatigue damage and estimating the remaining life of machine components and structures subjected to cyclic loads is discussed. The fatigue sensor consists of alternate slots and strips having different strain magnification factors with respect to the nominal strain at the location where it is placed on the structure. The sensor experiences the strains which closely resemble the actual strain distribution in the critical area of the component. The sensor can be placed away from the notch-root stress concentration region at a convenient location on the structure but would still experience the same fatigue damage as the notch-root. The strips fail in a sequential manner from the strip experiencing the highest strain magnification to the lowest. Each strip failure corresponds to the particular fatigue damage accumulated by the structure being diagnosed. This information allows for predicting remaining component life. The design of the fatigue sensor is validated by the elastic and elastic-plastic finite element analysis simulations. The finite element analysis (FEA) simulations were performed in 2D and 3D configurations. This paper describes different aspects of the fatigue sensor design, analytical modeling, FEA simulation, fabrication, and experimental testing along with the results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Substrate Recognition by Osteoclast Precursors Induces C-src/Microtubule Association

The osteoclast is distinguished from other macrophage polykaryons by its polarization, a feature induced by substrate recognition. The most striking component of the polarized osteoclast is its ruffled membrane, probably reflecting insertion of intracellular vesicles into the bone apposed plasmalemma. The failure of osteoclasts in c-src−/− osteopetrotic mice to form ruffled membranes indicates pp60c-src (c-src) is essential to osteoclast polarization. Interestingly, c-src itself is a vesicular protein that targets the ruffled membrane. This being the case, we hypothesized that matrix recognition by osteoclasts, and their precursors, induces c-src to associate with microtubules that traffic proteins to the cell surface. We find abundant c-src associates with tubulin immunoprecipitated from avian marrow macrophages (osteoclast precursors) maintained in the adherent, but not nonadherent, state. Since the two proteins colocalize only within adherent avian osteoclast-like cells examined by double antibody immunoconfocal microscopy, c-src/tubulin association reflects an authentic intracellular event. C-src/tubulin association is evident within 90 min of cell-substrate recognition, and the event does not reflect increased expression of either protein. In vitro kinase assay demonstrates tubulin-associated c-src is enzymatically active, phosphorylating itself as well as exogenous substrate. The increase in microtubule-associated kinase activity attending adhesion mirrors tubulin-bound c-src and does not reflect enhanced specific activity. The fact that microtubule-dissociating drugs, as well as cold, prevent adherence-induced c-src/tubulin association indicates the protooncogene complexes primarily, if not exclusively, with polymerized tubulin. Association of the two proteins does not depend upon protein tyrosine phosphorylation and is substrate specific, as it is induced by vitronectin and fibronectin but not type 1 collagen. Finally, consistent with cotransport of c-src and the osteoclast vacuolar proton pump to the polarized plasmalemma, the H+-ATPase decorates microtubules in a manner similar to the protooncogene, specifically coimmunoprecipitates with c-src from the osteoclast light Golgi membrane fraction, and is present, with c-src, in preparations enriched with acidifying vesicles reconstituted from the osteoclast ruffled membrane.
Normal Injustices and Morality in Complex Organizations

This paper applies theory and research examining errors in complex organizational systems to the problem of individual and collective morality in organizations. It is proposed that because of the nature of complex organizations, unjust outcomes can (and will) result from organizational actions even when all organization members have acted responsibly. The argument that complex organizations are therefore immoral is considered and rejected. Instead, the paper argues that morality in complex organizations begins with "heedful interrelating" among individual organization members. The paper concludes with a discussion of organizational processes and structures that promote heedful interrelating.
Automatic control of finite element models for temperature-controlled radiofrequency ablation

Background: The finite element method (FEM) has been used to simulate cardiac and hepatic radiofrequency (RF) ablation. The FEM allows modeling of complex geometries that cannot be solved by analytical methods or finite difference models. In both hepatic and cardiac RF ablation a common control mode is temperature-controlled mode. Commercial FEM packages don't support automating temperature control. Most researchers manually control the applied power by trial and error to keep the tip temperature of the electrodes constant. Methods: We implemented a PI controller in a control program written in C++. The program checks the tip temperature after each step and controls the applied voltage to keep temperature constant. We created a closed loop system consisting of a FEM model and the software controlling the applied voltage. The control parameters for the controller were optimized using a closed loop system simulation. Results: We present results of a temperature controlled 3-D FEM model of a RITA model 30 electrode. The control software effectively controlled applied voltage in the FEM model to obtain, and keep electrodes at target temperature of 100°C. The closed loop system simulation output closely correlated with the FEM model, and allowed us to optimize control parameters. Discussion: The closed loop control of the FEM model allowed us to implement temperature controlled RF ablation with minimal user input.
A New Combination in Trifolium variegatum (Fabaceae)

Abstract A new combination, Trifolium variegatum var. geminiflorum is proposed, and a key is provided for varieties of T. variegatum.