cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Marginal Latinidad: Afro-Latinas and US film

Afro-Latina/os, those that I argue here have a “marginal Latinidad,” are rarely included in what is imagined as the Latino/Hispanic population within the United States, as their mediated racialization can be difficult to read and sometimes intentionally ambiguous. Using actors Rosario Dawson, Zoe Saldana, and Gina Torres as case studies, this article asks: how are audiences reading these Afro-Latina actors’ race/ethnicity and what are the discourses informing these readings? Based on critical, textual, and reception analyses, I assert that Dawson, Saldana, and Torres’s ethnoracialization reflects their embodiment of “marginal Latinidad,” which is constructed in juxtaposition to normative Latino representation, influenced by the presence of blackness, rooted in narrative location and context, and, at times, signals ideological challenges to normative racial thinking in the United States.
Event Participation Recommendation in Event-Based Social Networks

Event-based Social Networks (EBSN) have experienced rapid growth in recent years. Event participation recommendation is to recommend a list of users who are most likely to participate in a new event. Due to the nature of new event and severe data sparsity in EBSN, the traditional recommender systems do not work well for event participation recommendation. In this paper, we first conduct a study of Meetup users to understand the major factors impacting their event participation decisions. We then develop a sliding-window based machine-learning model that effectively combines user features from multiple channels to recommend users to new events. Through evaluation using the Meetup dataset, we demonstrate that our model can capture the short-term consistency of user preferences and outperforms the traditional popularity-based and nearest-neighbor based recommendation models. Our model is suitable for real-time recommendation on practical EBSN platforms.
6 The Grothendieck Ring

In this chapter, we introduce the Grothendieck ring of a finite monoid M over a field \(\mathbb{k}\). The main result is that the Grothendieck ring of M is isomorphic to the direct product of the Grothendieck rings of its maximal subgroups (one per regular \(\mathcal{J}\)-class). This result was first proved by McAlister for \(\mathbb{k} = \mathbb{C}\) in the language of virtual characters [McA72]. In Chapter 7, the results of this chapter will be used to study the ring of characters and the character table of a finite monoid. Throughout this chapter we hold fixed a finite monoid M and a field \(\mathbb{k}\).
Shift of the Serum Erythropoietin-vs.-Hemoglobin Curve with Frailty Status in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Results from the Women's Health and Aging Studies (WHAS) I and II.

Abstract Introduction: The criteria currently used to define normal hemoglobin concentration (Hb) in older adults do not take into consideration the heterogeneity of health status. To gain insight into the potential relevance of such a consideration, we examined whether the relationship between Hb and serum erythropoietin (EPO) - a surrogate marker for tissue hypoxemia - would be modified by frailty status in community-dwelling older women. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of data from WHAS I and II, two complementary population-based studies investigating the epidemiology of disability progression and onset (WHAS-II, 1994–1996). Baseline WHAS I (1992–1995) and II (1994–1996) data from women 70–80 yrs with known frailty status, EPO, and Hb that was moderate-to-mildly low and normal Hb (i.e., 10–16g/dL) were pooled. The final sample size was 642, after excluding subjects with outlier EPO values. Serum EPO was measured in samples stored at −70C by enzyme immunoassay; within- and between-essays coefficients of variability were 13.3% and 11.6%, respectively, indicating acceptable reproducibility. Frailty was defined according to a previously-validated, Geriatrics-accepted classification; i.e., considered present if 3 or more of the following were present: slowness (walking speed less than bottom 20th percentile), unintentional weight loss >10%, low energy expenditure (bottom 20th percentile of calculated Kcal using the Specific Activity Scale), weakness (grip strength Results: Relationships between EPO and Hb in both frail and non-frail subjects were non-linear, with lowest EPO around mid-normal Hb concentrations. However, the curve in frail subjects was shifted to the right and upwards, so that mean EPO for the same Hb was on average 1.59 (1.22 – 2.06) times greater in frail than in non-frail subjects, according to a model that controlled for age and calculated creatinine clearance. Additional analyses were conducted to determine the difference in mean EPO across different Hb concentrations and between the frail and non-frail groups. For example, we estimated that when compared to the predicted mean EPO value for a Hb of 14 g/dL in frail subjects, mean EPO values linked to Hb concentrations greater or equal to 12.3 g/dL in non-frail were statistically-significant lower (p .100). Conclusion: The shift of the EPO vs. Hb curve by frailty status observed in this population-based study of older women suggests that, as compared to their non-frail counterparts, frail subjects might require significantly higher Hb levels to achieve similar tissue oxygenation levels, as surrogate-measured by EPO levels. These findings warrant further exploration of how best take into account health status heterogeneity issues for the development of improved anemia-related clinical decision-making in older adults.
Coherent activity between brain regions that code for value is linked to the malleability of human behavior.

Brain activity in medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) during exposure to persuasive messages can predict health behavior change. This brain-behavior relationship has been linked to areas of MPFC previously associated with self-related processing; however, the mechanism underlying this relationship is unclear. We explore two components of self-related processing – self-reflection and subjective valuation – and examine coherent activity between relevant networks of brain regions during exposure to health messages encouraging exercise and discouraging sedentary behaviors. We find that objectively logged reductions in sedentary behavior in the following month are linked to functional connectivity within brain regions associated with positive valuation, but not within regions associated with self-reflection on personality traits. Furthermore, functional connectivity between valuation regions contributes additional information compared to average brain activation within single brain regions. These data support an account in which MPFC integrates the value of messages to the self during persuasive health messaging and speak to broader questions of how humans make decisions about how to behave.
Using Design Thinking to Create a New Education Paradigm for Elementary Level Children for Higher Student Engagement and Success.

Can design education have a positive impact on primary school education beyond merely preparing designers? As designers, we know almost intuitively that design education is ‘good education’, and most designers would affirm that it would be beneficial to expose children to design education, because of the benefits of the signature pedagogies of design, such as problem-based learning, human centred creativity and iterations of prototyping and testing. This paper seeks to review and synthesize existing literature and make preliminary analyses, which will support the development of design thinking education interventions at primary school level, which could lead to a paradigm shift in education at this level. While it has been widely demonstrated that design education can play a successful role in supporting traditional education models in the delivery of skills such as math and language arts, this paper seeks to demonstrate that in addition to meeting traditional education demands, design thinking principles in children’s education, such as empathy, collaboration and facilitation, human-centeredness, and creativity by iterations of prototyping and testing, will provide a sound base for children not only seeking to enter a design profession in the future but moving into any profession in the future and will lead to higher engagement at school and greater success in life.
Corticosterone primes the neuroinflammatory response to Gulf War Illness-relevant organophosphates independently of acetylcholinesterase inhibition.

Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic multi-symptom disorder affecting veterans of the 1991 Gulf War. Among the symptoms of GWI are those associated with sickness behavior, observations suggestive of underlying neuroinflammation. We have shown that exposure of mice to the stress hormone, corticosterone (CORT), and to diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), as a nerve agent mimic, results in marked neuroinflammation, findings consistent with a stress/neuroimmune basis of GWI. Here, we examined the contribution of irreversible and reversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors to neuroinflammation in our mouse model of GWI. Male C57BL/6J mice received four days of CORT (400 mg/L) in the drinking water followed by a single dose of chlorpyrifos (CPO; 8 mg/kg, i.p.), DFP (4 mg/kg, i.p.), pyridostigmine (PB; 3 mg/kg, i.p.), or physostigmine (PHY; 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.). CPO and DFP alone caused cortical and hippocampal neuroinflammation assessed by qPCR of TNF-α, IL-6, C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), IL-1β, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and oncostatin M (OSM); CORT pretreatment markedly augmented these effects. Additionally, CORT exposure prior to DFP or CPO enhanced activation of the neuroinflammation signal transducer, STAT3. In contrast, PHY or PB alone or with CORT pretreatment did not produce neuroinflammation or STAT3 activation. While all of the CNS-acting AChE inhibitors (DFP, CPO, and PHY) decreased brain AChE activity, CORT pretreatment abrogated these effects for the irreversible inhibitors. Taken together, these findings suggest that irreversible AChE inhibitor-induced neuroinflammation and particularly its exacerbation by CORT, result from non-cholinergic effects of these compounds, pointing potentially to organophosphorylation of other neuroimmune targets. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Structural insight into the inactivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis non-classical transpeptidase LdtMt2 by biapenem and tebipenem.

The carbapenem subclass of β-lactams is among the most potent antibiotics available today. Emerging evidence shows that, unlike other subclasses of β-lactams, carbapenems bind to and inhibit non-classical transpeptidases (L,D-transpeptidases) that generate 3 → 3 linkages in bacterial peptidoglycan. The carbapenems biapenem and tebipenem exhibit therapeutically valuable potencies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Here, we report the X-ray crystal structures of Mtb L,D-transpeptidase-2 (LdtMt2) complexed with biapenem or tebipenem. Despite significant variations in carbapenem sulfur side chains, biapenem and tebipenem ultimately form an identical adduct that docks to the outer cavity of LdtMt2. We propose that this common adduct is an enzyme catalyzed decomposition of the carbapenem adduct by a mechanism similar to S-conjugate elimination by β-lyases. The results presented here demonstrate biapenem and tebipenem bind to the outer cavity of LdtMt2, covalently inactivate the enzyme, and subsequently degrade via an S-conjugate elimination mechanism. We discuss structure based drug design based on the findings and propose that the S-conjugate elimination can be leveraged to design novel agents to deliver and locally release antimicrobial factors to act synergistically with the carbapenem carrier.
Seizures and Status Epilepticus

Seizures are a common phenomenon in the intensive care unit. This chapter provides an organized synopsis of seizure evaluation and management for the advanced practice provider to use in daily practice. The chapter starts with a common-case scenario followed by a comprehensive overview of the essentials in managing a patient with this condition. The easy-to-read format will help the advanced practice provider to identify what steps to take first and to develop a plan of action.
Fifty Years of Behavioral/Lifestyle Interventions for Overweight and Obesity: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going?

Objective This paper reviews the literature pertaining to the structure and content of intensive lifestyle interventions (ILIs) for overweight/obesity since Richard Stuart described this new treatment approach in 1967. A consensus opinion has formed that behavioral/lifestyle treatment of overweight and obesity should be viewed as a mainstream intervention for the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes and medical complications associated with obesity. Methods The development of modern ILIs and demonstration of their efficacy are compared by structure, content, and efficacy of four major randomized controlled trials: Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), Look AHEAD, POUNDS Lost, and CALERIE. Results The results of these studies indicated that modification of lifestyle behaviors related to nutrition and physical activity can yield weight loss and prevention or improvement of a variety of medical conditions associated with obesity in a variety of subpopulations. Conclusions Recommendations for the structure and length of behavioral/lifestyle interventions have been recently adopted by agencies and institutions that approve reimbursement for medical services. These recommendations represent a giant step in the effort to recognize ILIs as a mainstream approach for the treatment of obesity and comorbid medical conditions. Nevertheless, they do not adequately represent advances made since the publication of the DPP results.
073_16775-Q1 Mechanical Suppression/Elimination of Premature Ventricular Complexes

Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) are commonly seen. Management options include removing causal agents (e.g., caffeine), antiarrhythmic medications or radiofrequency (RF) ablation. We report 2 cases in which PVCs were suppressed/eliminated by mapping catheter contact without RF application.
A comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of virtual reality, 3D visualization and 2D visual interactive simulation: an exploratory meta-analysis:

Research on the application of 3D visualization and virtual reality (VR) in discrete-event simulation (DES) has received increased attention in the past two decades. The increasing popularity of th...
Risk factors for pleural effusion recurrence in patients with malignancy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The main purpose of treatment in patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is symptom palliation. Currently, patients undergo repeat thoracenteses prior to receiving a definitive procedure as clinicians are not aware of the risk factors associated with fluid recurrence. The primary objective of this study was to identify risk factors associated with recurrent symptomatic MPE. METHODS Retrospective multicentre cohort study of patients who underwent first thoracentesis was performed. The primary outcome was time to fluid recurrence requiring intervention in patients with evidence of metastatic disease. We used a cause-specific hazard model to identify risk factors associated with fluid recurrence. We also developed a predictive model, utilizing Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard model, and externally validated the model. RESULTS A total of 988 patients with diagnosed metastatic disease were included. Cumulative incidence of recurrence was high with 30% of patients recurring by day 15. On multivariate analysis, size of the effusion on chest X-ray (up to the top of the cardiac silhouette (hazard ratio (HR): 1.84, 95% CI: 1.21-2.80, P = 0.004) and above the cardiac silhouette (HR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.43-3.46, P = 0.0004)), larger amount of pleural fluid drained (HR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04-1.07, P < 0.0001) and higher pleural fluid LDH (HR: 1.008, 95% CI: 1.004-1.011, P < 0.0001) were associated with increased hazard of recurrence. Negative cytology (HR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.43-0.64, P < 0.0001) was associated with decreased hazard of recurrence. The model had low prediction accuracy. CONCLUSION Pleural effusion size, amount of pleural fluid drained, LDH and pleural fluid cytology were found to be risk factors for recurrence.
Annexin A5-functionalized nanoparticles for in vivo dual modality imaging of apoptosis

1477 Objectives Noninvasive detection of apoptosis may play an important role in the evaluation of therapy efficiency and disease progression. In this study, we aim to develop Annexin A5-functionalized nanoparticles for dual optical/nuclear imaging of apoptosis. Methods Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-coated, core-crosslinked polymeric micelles (CCPM) were dual-labeled with a near-infrared fluorescence fluorophores (Cy7) and a radioisotope (111In). CCPM nanoparticles were conjugated with Annexin A5. To evaluate the specificity of Annexin A5-CCPM to apoptotic cells, three different preclinical models of apoptosis, including a tumor model, a liver apoptosis model, and an inflammation model were carried out. Results In mice bearing EL4 lymphoma treated with cyclophosphamide and etoposide, the tumor apoptosis was clearly visualized by both SPECT and fluorescence molecular tomography after i.v. administration of 111In-labeled Annexin A5-CCPM. In contrast, there was little accumulation of this nanoradiotracer in the tumors of untreated mice. The biodistribution data was consistent with the imaging data. In liver apoptosis model, the apoptotic liver induced by anti-Fas antibody was clearly visualized by both nuclear and optical images. In contrast, significantly lower signals were detected in healthy livers of untreated mice after injection of 111In-labeled Annexin A5-CCPM and in apoptotic livers after injection of 111In-labeled CCPM. Similarly, 111In-labeled Annexin A5-CCPM showed a significantly higher uptake in the site of inflammation induced by intramuscular injection of turpentine (4.9 %ID/g) than that in the healthy site (0.6 %ID/g). Moreover, in all three models, histological analysis revealed colocalization between radioactivity and fluorescence signals from the nanoparticles, and drug-induced apoptosis. Conclusions Annexin A5-CCPM allowed visualization of apoptosis by both nuclear and optical techniques. The complementary information acquired with multiple imaging techniques should be advantageous in assessing and validating early response to therapy
Dependence of Protein Synthesis on Aortic Pressure and Calcium Availability

Increased aortic pressure accelerated protein synthesis in control–beating and ar- rested–drained hearts supplied with either glucose or pyruvate. Elevation of perfusion pressure from 60 to 120 mm Hg increased oxygen consumption in control–beating but not in arrested–drained preparations. Energy availability, as assessed by adenylate energy charge or creatine phosphate/creatine ratio, or both, was increased in arrested–drained hearts supplied with glucose and perfused at 60 and 120 mm Hg aortic pressure. In control–beating or arrested–drained hearts supplied with pyruvate, energy availability was not improved by elevation of aortic pressure from 60 to 120 mm Hg. An increase of perfusate calcium concentration from 0.5 to 5.0 mM in control–beating Langendorff preparations supplied with glucose and perfused at an aortic pressure of 90 mm Hg doubled oxygen consumption and decreased energy availability, but had no effect on the rate of protein synthesis. In arrested–drained hearts supplied with either glucose or pyruvate and calcium concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 mM, the rates at 120 mm Hg aortic pressure were 11–25% higher than at 60 mm Hg. These findings provide no evidence to implicate increased oxidative metabolism, energy availability, or extracellular calcium concentration as important factors in the mechanism that accounts for the effect of increased aortic pressure on protein synthesis.
Also Human: The Inner Lives of Doctors

1333 Objectives: Explore a Radiomic signature combining pre-treatment PET and CT images for the prediction of overall survival (OS) in non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: In this retrospective study, 135 patients who underwent PET/CT scan before treatment were included. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, group 1 (94/135) for training, group 2 (41/135) for validation. A total of 130 radiomic and conventional features were extracted from the pre-treatment PET and CT images for each patient. Pearson correlation coefficient and univariate cox regression were used for the feature selection. The selected features were enrolled in the multivariate cox regression for the training of the model, and its prognostic value was evaluated in both the training and validation groups. Results: Sixty-four features were excluded using threshold value of 0.9 in Pearson correlation coefficient. 25 radiomic features were observed significantly associated with the overall survival in the univariate analysis (P value <0.1). In the multivariate cox regression, finally 6 features (4 from PET images and 2 from CT images) were found more useful for the model training, and the concordance index of the training group and validation group are 0.84 and 0.71 respectively. Conclusions: The Radiomic features derived from both pre-treatment PET and CT images contributes to the prediction of overall survival in NSCLC. Keywords: Non-small cell lung cancer, Radiomic, PET, CT, Overall survival
Experiences of Older Adults Using Smart-Home Technology in a Senior-Living Community

Date Presented 04/05/19 Primary Author and Speaker: Karen Sames Additional Authors and Speakers: Jennifer Hutson Contributing Authors: Skye Thompson
A development platform for behavioral flexibility in autonomous unmanned aerial systems

Autonomous unmanned aerial systems (UAS) could supplement and eventually subsume a substantial portion of the mission set currently executed by remote pilots, making UAS more robust, responsive, and numerous than can be achieved by teleoperation alone. Unfortunately, the development of robust autonomous systems is difficult, costly, and time-consuming. Furthermore, the resulting systems often make little reuse of proven software components and offer limited adaptability for new tasks. This work presents a development platform for UAS which promotes behavioral flexibility. The platform incorporates the unified behavior framework (a modular, extensible autonomy framework), the robotic operating system (a robotic software framework), and PX4 (an open-source flight controller). Simulation of UBF agents identify a combination of reactive robotic control strategies effective for small-scale navigation tasks by a UAS in the presence of obstacles. Finally, flight tests provide a partial validation of the simulated results. The development platform presented in this work offers robust and responsive behavioral flexibility for UAS agents in simulation and reality using a methodology originally proven on ground robots.
A TLR4-TRIF-dependent signaling pathway is required for protective natural tumor-reactive IgM production by B1 cells.

Metastatic cancer involving spread to the peritoneal cavity is referred to as peritoneal carcinomatosis and has a very poor prognosis. Our previous studies demonstrated a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and C-type lectin receptor (CLR; Mincle/MCL) agonist pairing of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and trehalose-6,6′-dicorynomycolate (TDCM) effectively inhibits peritoneal tumor growth and ascites development through a mechanism dependent upon B1a cell-produced natural IgM, complement, and phagocytes. In the current study, we investigated the requirement for TLR4 and Fc receptor common γ chain (FcRγ), required for Mincle/MCL signaling, in the MPL/TDCM-elicited response. MPL/TDCM significantly increased macrophages and Ly6Chi monocytes in the peritoneal cavity of both TLR4−/− and FcRγ−/− mice, suggesting redundancy in the signals required for monocyte/macrophage recruitment. However, B1 cell activation, antibody secreting cell differentiation, and tumor-reactive IgM production were defective in TLR4−/−, but not FcRγ−/− mice. TRIF was required for production of IgM reactive against tumor- and mucin-related antigens, but not phosphorylcholine, whereas TLR4 was required for production of both types of reactivities. Consistent with this, B1 cells lacking TLR4 or TRIF did not proliferate or differentiate into tumor-reactive IgM-producing cells in vitro and did not reconstitute MPL/TDCM-dependent protection against peritoneal carcinomatosis in CD19−/− mice. Our results indicate a TLR4/TRIF-dependent pathway is required by B1 cells for MPL/TDCM-elicited production of protective tumor-reactive natural IgM. The dependency on TRIF signaling for tumor-reactive, but not phosphorylcholine-reactive, IgM production reveals unexpected heterogeneity in TLR4-dependent regulation of natural IgM production, thereby highlighting important differences to consider when designing vaccines or therapies targeting these specificities.
Buying Power: Electoral Strategy before the Secret Vote

Research on clientelism emphasizes the use of brokers to mobilize voters. To utilize these agents efficiently, politicians must learn about brokers’ relative abilities and allocate scarce resources accordingly. Drawing upon a hand-coded dataset based on the archives of Gustavo Capanema, a powerful mid-twentieth-century congressman from Minas Gerais, Brazil, this paper offers the first direct evidence of such learning dynamics. The analysis concentrates on Brazil’s pre-secret ballot era, a time when measuring broker performance was particularly straightforward. Consistent with theories of political learning, the data demonstrate that resource flows to local machines were contingent on the deviation between actual and expected votes received in previous elections. Moreover, given politicians’ ability to discern mobilization capacity, payments to brokers were highly effective in bringing out the vote.
Estimation of the Support Parameters of a Uniform PDF and the Cramér-Rao-Leibniz Lower Bound

This letter is focused on the problem of estimating the two parameters of a uniform distribution — its support boundaries — and the application of the Cramer-Rao-Leibniz Lower Bound, a replacement for the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound when the latter does not hold.
Revealing the structure of pharmacobehavioral space through motion sequencing.

Understanding how genes, drugs and neural circuits influence behavior requires the ability to effectively organize information about similarities and differences within complex behavioral datasets. Motion Sequencing (MoSeq) is an ethologically inspired behavioral analysis method that identifies modular components of three-dimensional mouse body language called ‘syllables’. Here, we show that MoSeq effectively parses behavioral differences and captures similarities elicited by a panel of neuroactive and psychoactive drugs administered to a cohort of nearly 700 mice. MoSeq identifies syllables that are characteristic of individual drugs, a finding we leverage to reveal specific on- and off-target effects of both established and candidate therapeutics in a mouse model of autism spectrum disorder. These results demonstrate that MoSeq can meaningfully organize large-scale behavioral data, illustrate the power of a fundamentally modular description of behavior and suggest that behavioral syllables represent a new class of druggable target. By analyzing hundreds of mice treated with a library of neuro- and psychoactive drugs, Wiltschko et al. show that Motion Sequencing can effectively discriminate and categorize drug effects and link molecular targets to behavioral syllables.
Relative Impact of Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, and Psychological Flexibility on Alcohol Use and Burnout Among Law Enforcement Officers.

Objectives: In the present study, we investigated the relative impact of improvements in mindfulness, self-compassion, and psychological flexibility in predicting decreased burnout and alcohol use in a sample of law enforcement officers (LEOs) participating in a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI). Design: This study is a secondary analysis of pre/post data collected as part of a larger randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based resilience training (MBRT). Subjects: This secondary analysis comprises pre/post data from 28 LEOs recruited from a metropolitan area and its outlying regions in the Pacific Northwest. Intervention: MBRT is a MBI tailored specifically to the culture and needs of LEOs and other first responders. Outcome measures: All included data were obtained through self-report measures. Mindfulness was assessed by the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form, self-compassion was assessed by the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form, psychological flexibility was assessed by the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, alcohol use was measured by the PROMIS® (v1.0) Alcohol Use-Short Form, and burnout was assessed by the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. Results: In the first regression, only increases in mindfulness significantly predicted decreased postintervention problematic alcohol use. In the second regression, only increases in self-compassion significantly predicted decreased postintervention burnout. Conclusions: This study builds upon a growing body of literature on the relative impact of mindfulness, self-compassion, and psychological flexibility in predicting outcomes among high-stress cohorts. Results suggest that different components of MBIs may be emphasized to achieve unique benefits. The Clinical Trial Registration number for the parent study is NCT02521454.
Too Afraid to Stay: Measuring the Relationship between Criminal Victimization in Central America and the Intent to Migrate:

Rising crime in Central America and on-going emigration have reinvigorated concerns about the relationship between criminal victimization and international migration. Analyzing data from a crime pr...
Thriving among Primary Care Physicians: a Qualitative Study.

Burnout is high in primary care physicians and negatively impacts the quality of patient care. While many studies have evaluated burnout, there have been few which investigate those physicians who are satisfied with their careers and life—a phenomenon we term “thriving.” To identify factors contributing to both career and life satisfaction through qualitative interviews. The subjects were primary care physicians. Qualitative interviews were performed between July 2018 and March 2020. Physicians were identified by snowball sampling and were asked to complete validated instruments to identify job/life satisfaction and lack of burnout. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, focused on aspects of participants’ career and life which contributed to their thriving, including work environment, social networks, family life, institutional support, coping strategies, and extracurricular activities. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis using a grounded theory approach. Personal, professional, and life factors that contributed to achieving career and life satisfaction in primary care physicians and potential solutions for burnout. Thirty-two physicians were interviewed (9.4% family physicians, 9.4% combined internists-pediatricians, 40.6% internists, and 40.6% pediatricians) with a mean age 54.7 years and 23.8 years in practice. No physicians included met the criteria for burnout. All met the criteria for career and life satisfaction. Five themes were identified as critical to thriving: an intrinsic love for the work, a rich social network, a fulfilling doctor-patient relationship, a value-oriented belief system, and agency in the work environment. Several factors contribute to professional fulfillment and life satisfaction among primary care physicians, which we propose as a model for physicians thriving. Some factors were intrinsic, such as having value-oriented beliefs and inherent love for medicine, while others were extrinsic, such as having a fulfilling social network. Barriers and opportunities to apply these lessons for the wider physician community are discussed.
Improving local self-government systems under reforms of the territorial organization of power in the countries of Northern Europe

The article considers the peculiarities of the reforms of the territorial organization of power at the municipal level in Northern European countries. The reforms are aimed at developing the local self-government system, as well as increasing the efficiency and improving the coordination of services provided by local communities. In this regard, the article studies the content of the two main directions of local territorial reforms in European countries, which began in the twentieth century and continue today. These directions are based on encouraging local communities to collaborate through a network of organizations for inter-communal cooperation and/or community consolidation through mergers to properly fulfil municipal and administrative functions.The approaches used in Denmark, Norway and Finland to ensure greater efficiency of the local government system and to create capable local communities, which can more effectively perform the tasks of local self-government, have been analysed. The peculiarities of municipal reforming in Norway, characterized by consistency and the clear definition of the steps of its implementation, have been revealed; the results of reducing the number of municipalities have been shown. The specifics and stages of municipal transformations in Finland, during which measures were taken to encourage municipalities to merge freely, have been analysed; the reasons that negatively affected the implementation of local self-government reform at the local level have been highlighted. It has been concluded that there is a common trend for these countries to create larger municipalities through mergers, which is more effective applying coercive measures and state incentives to amalgamate local communities.
Micromachined Tactile Sensor Array for RTSA.

This work presents a polymer-based tactile capacitive sensor capable of measuring joint reaction forces of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). The capacitive sensor contains a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) dielectric layer with an array of electrodes. The sensor was designed in such a way that four components of glenohumeral contact forces can be quantified to help ensure proper soft tissue tensioning during the procedure. Fabricated using soft lithography, the sensor has a loading time of approximately 400 ms when a 14.13 kPa load is applied and has a sensitivity of 1.24 × 10−3 pF/kPa at a load of 1649 kPa. A replica RTSA prothesis was 3D printed, and the sensor was mounted inside the humeral cap. Four static right shoulder positions were tested, and the results provided an intuitive graphical description of the pressure distribution across four quadrants of the glenohumeral joint contact surface. It may help clinicians choose a right implant size and offset that best fit a patient’s anatomy and reduce postoperative biomechanical complications such as dislocation and stress fracture of the scapula.
Eric Voegelin: Politics, History, and the Anxiety of Existence

The political theorist Eric Voegelin (1901-1985) was well acquainted with Soren Kierkegaard's writings, which he studied in German translation under the great philosopher Karl Jaspers in 1929. Voegelin's subsequent writings show that this encounter made a lasting impressing. With Kierkegaard's "The Concept of Anxiety" as a source, Voegelin argues that "the anxiety of existence" is a fundamental human mood that compels communities and individuals to seek meaning through myth, religion, and philosophy. He identifies the great spiritual breakthroughs of the "Axial Age" (first millennium BCE) as "leaps in being," a phrase from Kierkegaard's "Fear and Trembling." And throughout his later career, Voegelin finds in Kierkegaard’s writings an inspiring resistance to the intellectual “disorder” of the nineteenth century, best represented by the works of of Hegel (and later, Marx). His appropriation of Kierkegaard, of course, is embedded in his contribution to the field of political philosophy. But precisely because Voegelin is acutely aware of the limitations of politics, he respects Kierkegaard’s resolute focus on individual spiritual order. Voegelin's interpretation of Kierkegaard is unremarkable, though Kierkegaard's influence on Voegelin's intellectual development is demonstrably profound.
Stress: Intergenerational Meaning

Stress can be defined as a physiological response to situations where individuals feel anxious or fearful from demands placed upon them. Intergenerational stress can be evaluated two ways (1) stress between generations from roles, and (2) stress passed through generations in relation to past stressful or traumatic events. Reactions from stressors can be short or long term and can have deleterious effects on both mental and physical health. This entry will discuss both approaches to intergenerational stress, with emphasis on past research. Keywords: life course; linked lives; stress
STUDIES ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF RICKETTSIAE. V. METABOLISM OF CARBAMYL PHOSPHATE BY COXIELLA BURNETII.

Mallavia, L. (University of Kansas, Lawrence) and D. Paretsky. Studies on the physiology of rickettsiae. V. Metabolism of carbamyl phosphate by Coxiella burnetii. J. Bacteriol. 86:232–238. 1963.—Preparations of disrupted Coxiella burnetii catalyze synthesis of citrulline from ornithine and carbamyl phosphate at an optimal pH of 7.0 to 7.5. Rickettsial synthesis of the pyrimidine precursor, ureidosuccinate, is demonstrated and confirmed by isolating C14-labeled ureidosuccinate from reaction mixtures of carbamyl phosphate and labeled aspartate. The data suggest a further rickettsial synthesis of orotate and imply rickettsial competence for host-independent pyrimidine synthesis.
Achieving quality levels of 100 DPM: it's possible... but roll up your sleeves and be prepared to do some work

The methods that are required to meet aggressive DPM objectives are thorough delay tests, very high coverage test patterns, IDDQ test, RAM tests, multiple temperature tests, functional tests, statistical methods, parametric test limits, customer specific tests, DFT. The trade-offs of driving quality levels to <100 DPM include yield loss, schedule impacts, engineering costs.
Location and the theory of production: A review, summary and critique of recent contributions

Abstract This paper has two main objectives. First, a generalized version of the Moses-type production- location model is developed where both the input variables and the location variables are allowed to adjust simultaneously. Secondly, the results of the recent articles relating to the Moses framework are discussed in the context of our generalized structure. We conclude that - unless one is willing to assume either the transport rate of output is zero or the location is constrained to be on the Moses arc - if transport rates do not depend on quantities shipped then location is independent of output when the production function is homogeneous of degree one. If transport rates depend on quantities shipped (e.g. quantity discounts), then a production function which is linearly homogeneous is not sufficient to insure that location is independent of output unless the transport rate functions have constant elasticities.
Child Soldiers: Tropes of Innocence and Terror

The story of child soldiers in the Western imagination is a story of symbolic reversals. Where the image of the child soldier once denoted public virtue and the nobility of sacrifice, it now stands for virtually everything that is wrong with war. Children were frequently present in the military through much of the 19th century (Aries 1962, p. 193). But by the middle of the 19th century, most Western nations had begun to reduce or eliminate the presence of children in their armed forces. The change was slow and erratic, however, so that even during World War I the heroic and patriotic child soldier, typically a boy sailor or soldier, remained a central image in the ideology of war and conflict (Conley 2009).
A Historical Overview of Disability and Employment in the United States, 1600 to 1950

Through a preliminary review of existing literature and archival source materials, this brief overview begins the task of compiling existing data about the history of disability and employment in the United States. A chronological framework is used that includes employment–related phenomena. The major topics covered are pre-industrial rural life, post-industrial work opportunities and the government’s response to the employment needs of disabled veterans. In addition, due to relevance to the topic, there is a brief mention of freak shows and the dawning disability rights movement after WWI.
Access to information processing tools: an exploratory study

An exploratory field study which examined users' perception of the dimensions of PC availability and of the impact of various levels of PC availability on usage is presented. The interviews yielded the following observations: (1) user uncertainty concerning PC availability influences usage behavior more than objective measures of PC availability; (2) users believe that uninterrupted access to PC leads to substantially greater PC usage; and (3) location and portability are important dimensions of availability, particularly when users conduct much of their work away from their home base. >
A Prototype Actuator Concept for Membrane Boundary Vibration Control

In conjunction with the research in ultra-lightweight deployable spacecraft and membrane structures is an underlying need for shape and vibration control. For thin film membrane structures, fundamental modes of vibration for the membrane can be excited through station keeping, attitude adjustments, orbital maneuvers, or contact with space junk or micrometeorites. In order to maintain structural integrity as well as surface shape contour, which may be essential for inflatable antennas, reflective surfaces, or solar sails; vibration damping is a necessary component. This paper discusses development of an actuator attached at the membrane boundary, containing two types of piezoelectric elements, which can be used to perform active control of vibration from the boundary of a membrane. The actuator is designed to control the membrane out-of-plane displacement and in-plane tension by varying the boundary conditions. Results from an initial experimental evaluation of the concept are presented with bench tests of the actuator alone, and with the actuator connected to a large membrane.
Calculation of Unsteady Linearized Euler Flows in Cascades Using Harmonically Deforming Grids

A method for calculating unsteady, inviscid, compressible flows in cascades is presented. Using the linearized Euler technique, the flow is decomposed into a steady or mean flow plus a harmonically varying small disturbance flow. The equations that describe the small disturbance flow are linear variable coefficient equations, and are solved using a pseudo-time time marching Lax-Wendroff technique. Unlike previous linearized methods, however, the solution is computed on a harmonically deforming computational grid that conforms to the motion of the vibrating airfoils. The mean flow and perturbation flow solutions are defined in the deforming coordinate system rather than in a coordinate system fixed in space. Hence, no extrapolation terms are required to implement the upwash boundary conditions at the airfoil surfaces significantly improving the accuracy of the method. For transonic flow calculations, unsteady shock motions are modelled using shock capturing. The unsteady loads due to the shock motion are then seen as pressure impulses. Representative computational results are presented for transonic channel flows and subsonic and transonic cascade flows.
Self-dual codes and self-dual designs

We construct self-orthogonal binary codes from projective 2 - (v, k, λ) designs with a polarity, k odd, and λ even. We give arithmetic conditions on the parameters of the design to obtain self-dual or doubly even self-dual codes. Non existence results in the latter case are obtained from rationality conditions of certain strongly regular graphs.
Considering Quantitative and Qualitative Issues Together

Quantitative and qualitative researchers use different methods and have different goals. At the level of methods, quantitative researchers criticize qualitative researchers for not performing null hypothesis significance tests. However, I review literature showing that these are invalid, and so it is not particularly meaningful to criticize a lack of performance of something that should not be performed anyhow. More generally, I suggest that there are strengths and limitations to quantitative and qualitative methods. The more interesting question pertains to goals, and quantitative and qualitative researchers differ there, too. I briefly mention some limitations of the usual quantitative goal, which is to find causal mechanisms. But a typical qualitative goal of describing personal or subjective experience also has limitations. Finally, I compare both quantitative and qualitative social science research to physics and show that each has similarities and differences. There is much for quantitative and qual...
A hybrid discrete-continuum model for 3-D skeletogenesis of the vertebrate limb

We present a dynamic, three-dimensional, composite model framework for vertebrate development. Our integrated model combines submodels that address length-scales from subcellular to tissues and organs in a unified framework. Interacting submodels include a discrete model derived from non-equilibrium statistical mechanics (Cellular Potts Model) and continuous reaction-diffusion models. A state diagram with associated rules and a set of ordinary differential equations model genetic regulation to define and control cell differentiation. We apply the model spatiotemporal bone patterning in the proximo-distal (from body towards digits) direction of developing avian limb.
A Review of “Command Culture: Officer Education in the U.S. Army and the German Armed Forces, 1901–1940, and the Consequences for World War II”

Jorg Muth's work has recently been selected by the chief of staff of the United States Army for his list of recommended professional reading. Muth investigates officer education and preparation for...
The History of Cricket

The article surveys historical writing about cricket, mainly in England, although some attention is paid to other cricket-playing countries. The emphasis is on the social history of the game, focussing especially on its relationship to local and national identities; the ways in which it has reflected (and affected) class and race relations; and its financial and organizational structures. What had originally been a peasant game was partially taken over by members of the English gentry and aristocracy in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and by corporate interests in the twentieth. In the process it developed a rich and varied literature that directly engages with the social and cultural history of Britain and the other countries in which the game took root.