cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An algorithm for the construction of the graphs of organic molecules

A description and a formal proof of an efficient computer implemented algorithm for the construction of graphs is presented. This algorithm, which is part of a program for the automated analysis of organic compounds, constructs all of the non-isomorphic, connected multi- graphs based on a given degree sequence of nodes and which arise from a relatively small ''catalog'' of certain canonical graphs. For the graphs of the more common organic molecules, a catalog of most of the canonical graphs is known, and the algorithm can produce all of the distinct valence isomers of these organic molecules.
Cardiac contractility modulation: A new technologically advanced placebo?

o u H r t r c I d M l e a Increasingly, general cardiologists and heart failure pecialists are faced with a growing clinical dilemma. imply put, can anything beyond pharmacologic therapy e proffered to patients with symptomatic severe left entricular dysfunction and a normal QRS duration to mprove quality of life? To date, cardiac electrophysilogists and implantologists have had little to offer from heir device armamentaria in this regard. In this issue of eart Rhythm, Neelagaru et al present a pilot study ddressing this large clinical problem with a fascinating ew technology—the implantable OPTIMIZER system IMPULSE Dynamics, Orangeburg, NY, USA). The hysiologic rationale for this proposed therapy is intrigung. Prior experimental animal studies have suggested hat extracellular electrical signals can enhance transsarolemmal calcium influx and thus increase peak intracelular calcium levels, with a resulting enhancement of myoardial contractility, Hence, the OPTIMIZER system with ts prepectoral canister and transvenous leads is designed to eliver high-energy but nonexcitatory electrical signals durng the ventricular absolute refractory period to improve lobal left ventricular performance. Earlier publications of he initial use of this novel technology in small, unblinded, onrandomized uncontrolled human studies have appeared romising. In this privately sponsored, prospective, double-blind, andomized controlled trial, 52 patients with severe systolic eft ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction 35%, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III–IV) nd normal QRS duration, who were undergoing approprite medical therapy, were invasively screened upon device mplantation. Of these patients, 50 met criteria for permaent implantation and, subsequently, 49 patients were enolled for either active electrical therapy for five 1-hour eriods per day or no active therapy for a 6-month period. he authors’ stated intention was to fashion their trial after he MIRACLE (Multicenter Randomized Clinical Evaluaion ([North America]) study, which established the utility f cardiac resynchronization therapy for symptomatic left entricular systolic dysfunction with a wide QRS duration eading to amendment of the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 im-
GLIDING MOTILITY IN THE BLUE‐GREEN ALGA OSCILLATORIA PRINCEPS1

SUMMARY Gliding is an active movement displayed by a microorganism in contact with a solid substrate where there is no evidence of a motility organelle or of a conformational change in the organism. Gliding may be accompanied by rotations, reversals, flectional activity, and mucilage sheath production, as well as linear translation. Previous explanations of the mechanism responsible did not consider all these aspects of behavior. The gliding behavior and ultrastructure of the blue-green alga Oscillatoria princeps Vaucher were examined. O. princeps has a maximum observed gliding rate of 11.1 μm/sec. The trichomes can glide in either longitudinal direction following rapid and occasionally frequent reversals. Right-handed trichome rotation was always observed, which means that any surface point on these trichomes traces a 60-deg right-handed helix. A mucilage sheath envelopes the moving trichomes. The rate of gliding was reduced by viscous substrates, extreme pH, lysozyme, DNP, and cyanide, while sustained darkness had no inhibitory effect. Ultrastructurally, the cell wall is composed of an L-1 layer which is 10 nm thick and often ill-defined. The L-2 layer which is outside this is 200 nm thick and participates in septum formation. The L-3 layer is outside the L-2 and is continuous over the trichome surface. The L-4 “membrane” lies outside the L-3 layer. Grazing surface sections and freeze-etch replicas show a parallel and tight array of 6–9 nm wide continuous fibrils in the cell wall on the surface of the distinctive L-2 layer. Isolated wall fragments were tightly coiled inside out with the fibrils on the inside. The angle of orientation for the fibrils was to the right in a helix with a pitch of 60 deg. O. animalis, a blue-green alga with a movement tracing a left-handed helix, showed a similar array of fibrils oriented in a left-handed helix with a pitch of 60 deg. It is proposed that gliding is produced by unidirectional waves of bending in the fibrils which, act against the sheath or substrate, tints displacing the trichome.
Metabolism of palmitic acid in the subcellular fractions of mouse brain

After an intracerebral injection of [14C]palmitic acid to C57BL/10J mice, the radioactivity in the brains decreased rapidly with time. The incorporated radioactivity was primarily in the 16:0 acyl groups of the diacyl phosphoglycerides at 1 and 3 days after injection. At longer times, increasing proportions of the radioactivity were found in cerebrosides, alkenyl groups, and other acyl groups. The specific radioactivities of the phosphoglycerides were highest in the microsomal fraction at 1 day after injection. The exchange of the diacyl glycerophosphorylcholines and diacyl glycerophosphorylethanolamines between the microsomes and the myelin required 8–14 days. When calculated on the basis of the radioactivity in the 16:0 acyl groups, the half-lives for both of these phosphoglycerides were 6–8 days in all subcellular fractions during the period from 14 to 30 days after injection. The radioactivity in the total lipids from the purified myelin fraction did not decline until more than 14 days after injection because of the reutilization of labeled 16:0 acyl groups for lipid biosynthesis. Recycling of the acyl groups explains the long halflives reported for myelin phosphoglycerides after injection of [14C]acetic acid. Lipids with a relatively high specific radioactivity were lost from the myelin fraction during the purification procedure. The most likely source of these lipids is the most recently formed myelin that is not consolidated into the myelin sheath.
Squaraine Rotaxanes: Superior Substitutes for Cy-5 in Molecular Probes for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Cell Imaging

Recent breakthroughs in fluorescence microscopy are producing notable improvements in imaging resolution.[ 1 ] These ongoing technical advances should have a major positive impact on the emerging field of cell imaging using single molecule methods, and help merge the sub-disciplines of cell and molecular biology.[2] However, the full potential of many of these new high-resolution imaging methods will only be achieved if they employ extremely bright and highly stable luminescent probes that do not undergo photobleaching or photoblinking.
Enumeration of substitutional isomers with restrictive mutual positions of ligands. II. Counts with restrictions on (sub)symmetry

The present paper extends our previous discussion of paper I on “Overall Counts”, still focusing on enumerations of substitutional isomers with restrictive positioning of ligands. But now, we address the counts of such isomers with a specified subsymmetry of the symmetry of the parent skeleton. Constrained analogs of Polya’s cycle index still appear, but now we introduce more powerful technical tools to include subsymmetry-specified generalizations of the cycle index. This involves differential-operator approach for analytically treating newly derived hybrids of the the generalized cycle index and suitable F-polynomials. As a simple illustration of the general mathematical exposition, a specific problems are solved and some tasks for possible further consideration are also stated, where again the Maple symbolic manipulation package proves useful.
Heat-resistant polymers containing bipyridyl units. II Polyamide-imides

Polyamide-amic acids containing bipyridyl units were prepared by polymerization of various bipyridyl diamines with trimellitic anhydride acid chloride. These polymers were converted to polyamide-imides by thermal cyclization. The resulting polyamide-imides exhibited very good solubility in organic solvents.
Phase II study of everolimus in children and adults with neurofibromatosis type 2 and progressive vestibular schwannomas

Background Activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is thought to be a key driver of tumor growth in Merlin (NF2)-deficient tumors. Everolimus is an oral inhibitor of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) with antitumor activity in a variety of cancers.
Specific adhesion between DNA-functionalized “Janus” vesicles: size-limited clusters

Asymmetric building blocks afford assembly of more complex, sophisticated materials than their homogeneous counterparts. Phase separation of mixed membranes produces asymmetric surface textures in lipid vesicles. Membranes that demix into coexisting liquid phases ripen such that the vesicle domain morphology exhibits a Janus-like texture. DNA is commonly used in material science as a molecular glue. Hydrophobically modified DNA strands anchor to the membranes of vesicles such that the DNA is free to bind its complement. When DNA amphiphiles are anchored to phase separated vesicles, they thermodynamically partition between coexisting domains. This results in asymmetric surface distributions of adhesive functionalities. We enhance the partitioning of cholesteryl-anchored DNA into liquid ordered (Lo) domains of Janus-like vesicles by incorporating highly unsaturated lipids into membrane mixtures. We find that cardiolipin (CL) drives the strongest enrichment of DNA into Lo domains with apparent surface concentrations at least an order of magnitude greater than in coexisting liquid disordered domains. We also examine the partitioning of DNA with a lipid-like anchor in Janus-textured vesicles; the inclusion of CL also drives a very strong enhancement into Lo domains. The culmination of this work is the study of superstructures that form when populations of these Janus vesicles, functionalized by complementary DNA strands, are mixed. Unlike their homogeneous counterparts, which can form uncontrollably large clusters, size-limited multicompartmental architectures are observed. The DNA-rich Lo domains saturate in adhesion plaques of the clusters. This predominantly leaves DNA-depleted Lα phase accessible on the exterior surface of these structures, which does not favor binding of further vesicles.
Cesarean section deliveries among adolescent mothers enrolled in a comprehensive prenatal care program

A comparison was made of the incidences of cesarean section deliveries between mothers 18 years of age or younger and those 19 to 21 years of age, all of whom were enrolled in a comprehensive program of prenatal care. Also compared were the indications for surgical delivery between the two groups. The rate of cesarean section deliveries was 8.7% among mothers 18 years of age or younger, compared to 14.5% among mothers 19 to 21 years of age. The general-ward cesarean section rate at the same hospital was 19.4%. Since maternal height and weight, and infant's birth weight may affect the diagnosis of cephalopelvic disproportion, these parameters were also evaluated. However, these did not differ significantly between mothers 18 years of age or younger and those 19 to 21 years of age or between vaginal and surgical births in mothers 18 years of age or younger. Thus, cephalopelvic disproportion did not contribute importantly to the cesarean section rate.
Transcript Elongation and Termination in Bacteria

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules are elongated by the addition of nucleotides to the 3′ end of a nascent RNA by action of RNA polymerase. The substrates are the four ribonucleoside triphosphates. The order of their addition is directed by pairing with an unwound part of the template deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strand and is driven by the release of two of the phosphates as pyrophosphate. The rate of addition varies considerably from one nucleotide to the next, but the overall rate is ∼48 nt s−1 along genes encoding proteins, synchronised with the rate of translation. The elongation complex is very stable over most sequences. Termination of transcription can occur at an ‘intrinsic’ terminator – a set of sequences where the complex becomes unstable, or at a Rho-dependent terminator, where the protein Rho acts on the RNA in the transcription complex to mediate its release. The regulation of expression of genes is controlled in many instances by the action of regulatory terminators (attenuators) or by the function of factors that affect the elongation rate and the action of terminators. Key Concepts: RNA polymerase unwinds ∼15 bp of DNA so that one strand can serve as a template for the assembly of an RNA transcript. The elongation complex of RNA polymerase, DNA and nascent RNA is very stable over most DNA sequences, allowing the synthesis of transcripts that are thousands of nucleotides long. Transcripts encoding protein are elongated with an average rate of 48 nt s−1, which is synchronous with the rate of translation. The rate of step-wise addition of nucleotides to the nascent RNA varies considerably from position to position on the DNA. Pauses in the elongation process serves as regulatory points. At the sequences of an intrinsic terminator the elongation complex becomes unstable allowing spontaneous release of a transcript. Termination of transcription is mediated in some cases by action of a factor called Rho, which functions by first binding to an exposed transcript followed by acting on the RNA in a reaction powered by ATP hydrolysis. Keywords: transcription; promoter; terminator; attenuator; ribosome; RNA polymerase; bacteriophage; Rho factor; NusA; NusG
Status of the Polarized Nonlinear Inverse Compton Scattering Experiment at UCLA

An Inverse Compton Scattering (ICS) experiment investigating the polarized harmonic production in the nonlinear regime has begun which will utilize the existing terawatt CO2 laser system and 15 MeV photoinjector in the Neptune Laboratory at UCLA. A major motivation for a source of high brightness polarized x-rays is the production of polarized positrons for use in future linear collider experiments. Analytical calculations have been performed to predict the angular and frequency spectrums for various polarizations and different scattering angles. We report on the experimental set-up and status.
Raman detection of human macular carotenoid pigments

The authors have used resonance Raman scattering as a novel optical technique to measure the concentration of carotenoid pigments in the human retina. Using argon laser excitation they obtained two strong carotenoid resonance Raman signals from human retinal tissues at 1159 and 1525 wave numbers, respectively. The laser power levels are within the limits given by the ANSI standard for ocular exposure (2.7 J/cm/sup 2/), and the obtained signals are free of potentially interfering signals from other molecules in the retinal tissue. Of the approximately 10 carotenoid pigments found in normal human serum, the species lutein and zeaxanthin are concentrated in high amounts in the cells of the human macula, which is a /spl sim/5 mm diameter area of the retina in which the visual acuity is highest. These carotenoids give the macula a characteristic yellow coloration, and it is speculated that their absorption may function as filter to attenuate photochemical damage and/or image degradation under bright UV/blue light exposures. In addition, they are thought to act as free-radical scavenging antioxidants. Studies have shown that there may be a link between macular degenerative diseases, the leading cause of blindness in the elderly in the United States, and the presence or absence of the carotenoid molecules.
Identification of Cdc37 as a Novel Regulator of the Stress-Responsive Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase

Eukaryotic cells utilize multiple mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) to transmit various extracellular stimuli to the nucleus. A subfamily of MAPKs that mediates environmental stress stimuli is also called stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK), which has crucial roles in cellular survival under stress conditions as well as inflammatory responses. Here we report that Cdc37, an evolutionarily conserved kinase-specific chaperone, is a positive regulator of Spc1 SAPK in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Through a genetic screen, we have identified cdc37 as a mutation that compromises signaling through Spc1 SAPK. The Cdc37 protein physically interacts with Spc1, and the cdc37 mutation affects both the cellular level of the Spc1 protein and stress-induced Spc1 phosphorylation by Wis1 MAPK kinase (MAPKK). Consistently, expression of the stress response genes regulated by the Spc1 pathway is compromised in cdc37 mutant cells. On the other hand, a mutation in Hsp90, which often cooperates with Cdc37 in chaperoning protein kinases, does not affect Spc1 SAPK. These results suggest that Spc1 SAPK is a novel client protein for the Cdc37 chaperone, and the Cdc37 function is important to maintain the stability of the Spc1 protein and to facilitate stress signaling from Wis1 MAPKK to Spc1 SAPK.
The Association of Socioeconomic Status With Subclinical Myocardial Damage, Incident Cardiovascular Events, and Mortality in the ARIC Study

The association between socioeconomic status (SES) and subclinical cardiovascular disease is not well understood. Using data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, we sought to evaluate the cross-sectional and prospective associations of SES, measured by annual income and educational level, with elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) concentrations (≥14 ng/L) using Poisson and multinomial logistic regressions, respectively. We used Cox proportional hazard models to compare the risks of coronary heart disease, heart failure, and mortality according to SES, stratified by baseline hs-cTnT concentration. Our study baseline was 1990-1992, with follow-up through 2011. We found an independent association between SES and hs-cTnT. When comparing participants in the lowest educational level group to those in the highest, the adjusted prevalence ratios for elevated hs-cTnT were 1.36 (95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.75) overall, 1.83 (95% confidence interval: 1.23, 2.71) in blacks, and 1.05 (95% confidence interval: 0.73, 1.52) in whites (P for interaction = 0.08). Among participants with nonelevated hs-cTnT concentrations, when comparing those in the lowest income groups to those in the highest, the adjusted hazard ratios were strongest for heart failure and death. Having elevated baseline hs-cTnT doubled the risk of heart failure and death. Persons with low SES and elevated hs-cTnT concentrations have the greatest risk of cardiovascular events, which suggests that this group should be aggressively targeted for cardiovascular risk reduction.
Reproductive Outcomes Differ Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Adjustable Gastric Band Compared with Those of an Obese Non-Surgical Group.

Little is known about how bariatric surgery type may impact reproductive health outcomes. Our objective was to determine differences in infertility and birth outcomes among women who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), adjustable gastric band (AGB), and an obese non-surgical group. Women aged 18–45 who were evaluated for bariatric surgery were invited to complete a survey. Pre- and post-surgery outcomes were compared among women who underwent RYGB vs. AGB and to those of obese women who decided against surgery. Outcomes included infertility, time to conception from first attempt, use of infertility services, pregnancy, live birth, and birth weights. Logistic and linear regression, controlling for age, BMI, weight, and pregnancy history, were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and beta-coefficients with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Two-hundred nineteen surveys were completed. RYGB resulted in a reduction in menstrual cycle irregularity after surgery compared to before (OR = 0.21, CI = 0.07–0.61). For first-pregnancy outcomes, there were lower odds of term birth after RYGB than before (OR = 0.21, CI = 0.05–0.90) and increased odds of miscarriage after RYGB compared to the no-surgery group (OR = 9.81, CI = 1.12–85.71). We found lower odds of live birth after AGB than before (OR = 0.19, CI = 0.05–0.73). Birth weight was significantly lower after RYGB but not AGB (p < 0.01). This small study suggests that the impact of bariatric surgery may vary by procedure type and impact menstrual regularity, live birth, and offspring birth weight. These results should be considered pilot data and support performance of a prospective study to fully investigate these preliminary findings.
Distribution of sulfur in regenerating wound tissue.

Summary1. Following pre-labeling of labile body proteins by injection of S-35-L-methionine and subsequent wounding, regenerating tissue was removed at 4 and 6 day intervals, fractionated, and assayed chemically and radioactively for bound and nonprotein bound cystine and methionine, and for free and mucopolysaccharide sulfate. 2. Specific activity of unfractionated wound cystine and methionine was studied at intervals over 3 weeks. 3. The data indicate that, for the first 6 days post-injury, S35 administered as S35-L-methionine 2 days prior to wounding is incorporated into wound tissue in large measure as protein-bound methionine and cystine. 4. During the interval studied, administered methionine-S35 is not a precursor for wound tissue mucopolysaccharide sulfate.
Cyclodextrin Bonded Phases For the Liquid Chromatographic Separation of Optical, Geometrical, and Structural Isomers

Application a des separations non realisables auparavant; aminoacides dansyliques, barbiturates, benzopyrenes, etc. Amelioration des separations realisees en chromatographie inverse classique
A Central Role for Sympathetic Nerves in Herpes Stromal Keratitis in Mice.

Purpose Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotrophic virus that can cause herpes stromal keratitis (HSK), a severe corneal inflammation that can lead to corneal scarring and blindness. This study identified neurologic changes that occur in HSV-1-infected corneas and related them to HSV-1-induced immunopathology. Methods Corneas of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were infected with HSV-1 strains that induce HSK. Changes in sensory nerves were identified by immunofluorescence staining of sensory and sympathetic nerves for substance P (SP) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), respectively, and confocal microscopic examination. Some mice received superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx) to eliminate sympathetic nerves from the cornea. Results Normal corneas exclusively expressed sensory nerves that entered the stroma as large nerve stalks, branched to form a plexus at the epithelial/stromal interface, and extended termini into the epithelium. These nerves completely retracted from the infected cornea and were replaced by sympathetic nerves that sprouted extensively to hyperinnervate the corneal stroma but failed to form a plexus or extend termini into the epithelium. The hyperinnervating nerves expressed the sympathetic nerve marker TH and their invasion was blocked by performing SCGx. Moreover, the corneal opacity and neovascularization that normally characterizes HSK in this mouse model were largely abrogated by SCGx. Sensory nerves reinnervated infected corneas following SCGx, reformed a nerve plexus, and extended termini into the epithelium resulting in recovery of corneal sensitivity. Conclusions Sympathetic nerves have a central role in HSK in mice, preventing reinnervation by sensory nerves and promoting severe and persistent corneal inflammation.
ADAPTIVE INFERENTIAL CONTROL ALGORITHM FOR DEALING WITH UNMEASURABLE DISTURBANCE

This paper proposes a new adaptive inferential control algorithm, it differs from other algorithms in the following: (1) The controller is based on the minimum variance principle, not the inverse of process model. (2) It combines the controller design with predictive approach. (3) It adds disturbance predictor.
Citation Prediction in Heterogeneous Bibliographic Networks.

To reveal information hiding in link space of bibliographical networks, link analysis has been studied from different perspectives in recent years. In this paper, we address a novel problem namely citation prediction, that is: given information about authors, topics, target publication venues as well as time of certain research paper, finding and predicting the citation relationship between a query paper and a set of previous papers. Considering the gigantic size of relevant papers, the loosely connected citation network structure as well as the highly skewed citation relation distribution, citation prediction is more challenging than other link prediction problems which have been studied before. By building a meta-path based prediction model on a topic discriminative search space, we here propose a two-phase citation probability learning approach, in order to predict citation relationship effectively and efficiently. Experiments are performed on real-world dataset with comprehensive measurements, which demonstrate that our framework has substantial advantages over commonly used link prediction approaches in predicting citation relations in bibliographical networks.
The Surgery of Varicose Veins

Functional failure of venous valves is the central pathologic fault in varicose veins. Stripping of the saphenous vein has given good results; sclerotherapy is less successful but is useful in some situations.
Copper Nanoparticle Induced Cytotoxicity to Nitrifying Bacteria in Wastewater Treatment: A Mechanistic Copper Speciation Study by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

With the inclusion of engineered nanomaterials in industrial processes and consumer products, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) could serve as a major sink for these emerging contaminants. Previous research has demonstrated that nanomaterials are potentially toxic to microbial communities utilized in biological wastewater treatment (BWT). Copper-based nanoparticles (CuNPs) are of particular interest based on their increasing use in wood treatment, paints, household products, coatings, and byproducts of semiconductor manufacturing. A critical step in BWT is nutrient removal through nitrification. This study examined the potential toxicity of uncoated and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated CuO, and Cu2O nanoparticles, as well as Cu ions to microbial communities responsible for nitrification in BWT. Inhibition was inferred from changes to the specific oxygen uptake rate (sOUR) in the absence and presence of Cu ions and CuNPs. X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, with linear combination fitting (LCF...
The Space of Disease in Alejandro Morales’s The Captain of All These Men of Death

Throughout US history, American society has always taken a very peculiar and uniform stance with regard to spatiality. If we look back at the westward expansion of the colonies, the fact remains that any aspects or individuals that are not wanted for the modern and progressive agenda are discarded, rejected, or “swept under the rug.” Such is the case with the Native Americans who were destroyed and had their civilizations decimated and relegated to a few Indian reservations. The black slaves of the South also were kept in small enclaves away from the white “masters.” If we jump forward in time and space, in southern California, that unwanted human—the Mexican—was reserved spaces away from White American society, away from the dominant style of living. Alejandro Morales’s most recent novel The Captain of All These Men of Death explores what in Foucauldian thought is called “heterotopias.” However, the novel not only integrates the individuals who live in those marginal places denominated as “the barrio” in East Los Angeles; Morales also explores the peculiar heterotopia of the diseased: the sanatorium or clinic. The fear of disease and contagion relegates these individuals into secluded spaces away from the general population. The “excavation” of this particular space is carried out through the eyes of the protagonist, Roberto Contreras, a survivor of tuberculosis. Through him we are able to contrast two main types of spaces: utopian and heterotopian space. His experiences allow us to perceive a space that leans more toward a state of crisis and deviance than the classic utopian state. The purpose of this essay is to “excavate” the dialectic between utopia and heterotopia in the sanatorium and the dynamic forces between space and power that take place.
CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES IN NON-HODGKIN'S MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA

ABSTRACT G-banded chromosomes were studied in lymph nodes or other tumor masses from 84 patients with lymphoma. Clonal chromosome abnormalities were found in all except for 2 patients, both of whom had T-lymphomas. Many recurring abnormalities were identified, some of which appear to correlate with specific histologies and/or immunologic phenotypes.
Contingency Contractor Optimization Phase 3 Sustainment Developer's Guide Contingency Contractor Optimization Tool - Prototype

This document provides background and instructions for developing and building the Contingency Contractor Optimization Tool - Prototype (CCOT-P) application.
Musculoskeletal System Neoplasia

Tumors of the musculoskeletal system are rare in horses; however, they must be taken seriously. Diagnosis requires observation of clinical signs, radiographic findings, and histological examination. Veterinarians must realize prognosis is not favorable for most tumors; however, some of these tumors can be treated or at least ameliorated. Tumors discussed in this article include: osteoma and osteosarcoma; osteoblastoma; chondrosarcoma; fibroma and fibrosarcoma; plasma cell myeloma; synovioma; rhabdomyosarcoma and tumors metastatic to the musculoskeletal system.
A Fluorescence Quenching Method for Estimating Chelating Groups in Chelate-Conjugated Macromolecules

A terbium–dipicolinic acid (Tb-DPA) fluorescence quenching method for estimating free chelating groups conjugated to protein molecules was developed. This method was based on competitive displacement of DPA from binding to terbium by stronger chelating groups such as diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), EDTA, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), DTPA-conjugated bovine serum albumin (BSA-DTPA), or DTPA-conjugated immunoglobulin G (IgG-DTPA), resulting in a significant reduction in terbium fluorescence. The chelating ability of the tested reagent, from high to low, was in the following order: BSA-DTPA > DTPA > IgG-DTPA > EDTA, NTA. At low terbium concentrations, the reduction was linear for DTPA. This fluorescence quenching method was not only rapid, simple, and as accurate as conventional radioisotopic or chromatographic methods, but also sensitive and reproducible. The detection limit was 10 nM for DTPA. The interrun coefficient of variation was at most 8%. The advantage of this method over other indirect methods is that it reveals the actual chelating ability of the tested macromolecule, unencumbered by complicating factors such as trace metal contamination and dimer/polymer formation during conjugation.
Lactobacillus reuteri induces gut intraepithelial CD4+CD8αα+ T cells.

The small intestine contains CD4 + CD8αα + double-positive intraepithelial lymphocytes (DP IELs), which originate from intestinal CD4 + T cells through down-regulation of the transcription factor Thpok and have regulatory functions. DP IELs are absent in germ-free mice, which suggests that their differentiation depends on microbial factors. We found that DP IEL numbers in mice varied in different vivaria, correlating with the presence of Lactobacillus reuteri . This species induced DP IELs in germ-free mice and conventionally-raised mice lacking these cells. L. reuteri did not shape the DP-IEL-TCR (TCR, T cell receptor) repertoire but generated indole derivatives of tryptophan that activated the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor in CD4 + T cells, allowing Thpok down-regulation and differentiation into DP IELs. Thus, L. reuteri , together with a tryptophan-rich diet, can reprogram intraepithelial CD4 + T cells into immunoregulatory T cells.
Advocate for Ethnic and Religious Diversity: The Ecumenical Spirit of Archbishop Edward Hanna

The post-Vatican II Church is alive with various manifestations of ecumenical and interfaith dialogue, bringing peoples of faith closer together. Two generations before Vatican II, however, Archbishop Edward Hanna of San Francisco, through his ecclesial duties and numerous positions associated with municipal, state, and national government, promoted an ecumenical spirit. Hanna was recognized by people of various faith traditions, especially the Jewish community and government leaders, as one who was fair and balanced in his attitudes and actions, and he commanded the respect of all parties. As priest and then archbishop, Hanna served both church and state in a fifty-year career that promoted the common good for all Americans and thus serves as a model for Catholicism in the United States at the dawn of the third millennium.
Judicial Engagement, New Originalism, and the Fortieth Anniversary of 'Government by the Judiciary'

Forty years ago, Professor Raoul Berger published his originalism manifesto "Government by the Judiciary." Berger argued for deferential judicial review based on the clear text and original intent or original meaning of the Constitution. Now, almost half-a-century later, a new brand of Originalism has emerged among scholars and litigators advocating that judges use robust judicial review when evaluating economic legislation. This heightened form of judicial review may be sensible or not as a matter of public policy, but contrary to the claims of those urging judges to adopt it, judicial engagement as defined by New Originalists cannot be justified by the Constitution's text or original meaning. Such a strong form of judicial review can only be justified by a living Constitution approach to constitutional interpretation.
Glial acetate metabolism is increased following a 72-h fast in metabolically healthy men and correlates with susceptibility to hypoglycemia.

Prior exposure to insulin-induced hypoglycemia was shown to increase glial acetate metabolism (GAM) during subsequent exposure to hypoglycemia in diabetic individuals. However, it remained unclear whether this effect was dependent on the disease state or the antecedent cause of hypoglycemia. We aimed to establish whether exposure to fasting-induced hypoglycemia was sufficient to produce alterations in GAM in non-diabetic individuals. GAM was measured via carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy during infusion of [1-13C] acetate before and after a 72-h fast in six metabolically healthy men. All participants were male, aged 18–40 years, with a Body Mass Index of 20.0–27.9 kg/m2, who consented to reside at Pennington Biomedical Research Center for 4 days. The main outcome measure was the percent enhancement of cerebral [1-13C] bicarbonate (the primary metabolic byproduct of glial oxidation of [1-13C] acetate). Continuous glucose monitoring was used to measure hypoglycemic episodes during the 72-h fast. As expected, 72 h of fasting significantly reduced blood glucose levels and resulted in a high frequency of hypoglycemic episodes. Steady-state GAM increased from 53.5 ± 3.7 to 61.9 ± 1.7% following the 72-h fast (p = 0.005). This increase correlated with greater duration of hypoglycemia experienced during the fast (r = 0.967). In addition, subjects with greater GAM at baseline experienced a greater increase in the duration of hypoglycemia experienced during the 72-h fast (r = 0.979). GAM has potential as a biomarker for susceptibility to hypoglycemic episodes. Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT02690168.
SOI For Harsh Environment Applications in the USA

SOI Technology has received much attention since the announcement of an SOI line of microprocessor products by IBM in 1998. Semiconductor manufacturers such as Motorola have followed IBM’s lead and have announced SOI products [1], while other major US semiconductor vendors such as AMD are currently developing SOI products. Most of these companies develop SOI products for low-power, low-voltage applications, however, a small number of vendors have specialized in the field of harsh-environment electronics, which will be the topic of this paper.
Der Weg zur Gesundung

Die in den Hawthorne Werken der Western Electric Company durchgefuhrten Untersuchungen wurden vor kurzem auf einer Tagung sowohl von einem Betriebsleiter als auch von einem Gewerkschaftler behandelt; beide waren offensichtlich einer Meinung uber die Bedeutung der erzielten Ergebnisse fur die Gestaltung der Beziehungen zwischen Betriebsleitung und Belegschaft. Es wurde hier offenbar, das die Probleme der Arbeit auf einer Ebene diskutiert werden konnen, auf der eine beiderseitige Ubereinstimmung moglich ist. Die Frage nach der Art dieser gemeinsamen Basis kann allerdings erst nach genauer Prufung dieser Studien beantwortet werden.
#drunktwitter: Examining the relations between alcohol-related Twitter content and alcohol willingness and use among underage young adults.

Abstract Purpose Despite the importance of social networking sites on young adult alcohol use, few studies have examined Twitter as a conduit for sharing drinking behavior. However, this work generally uses random samples of tweets and thus cannot determine the extent to which Tweets correspond with self-reported drinking cognitions or behaviors. The primary aims of the present study were to (1) document basic patterns of alcohol-related Twitter activity in a subsample of young adult drinkers, and (2) examine whether willingness to drink, alcohol use, and negative consequences are associated with alcohol-related tweeting behavior. Methods 186 young adults age 18–20 completed an online survey and provided Twitter handle information. From these participants, a random sample of 5000 Tweets was coded by a trained team to determine whether tweets were related to alcohol use or not. Ordinary least squares regression analyses were conducted to determine whether the proportion of alcohol-related Tweets is associated with self-reported alcohol use willingness, behaviors, and negative consequences. Results Results indicated that not only are alcohol-related tweets common among young adults, but that the proportion of one’s overall tweets that are related to alcohol is significantly associated with willingness to drink, alcohol use, and negative consequences. Conclusions The results of this study are an important step to understanding how digital behavior (e.g., posting about alcohol on Twitter) is related to an individual’s self-reported drinking cognitions, alcohol use, and negative consequences and has implications for the way Twitter data can be used for public health surveillance and interventions.
Teacher Education for Maker Education: Helping Teachers Develop Appropriate PCK for Engaging Children in Educative Making.

Despite the potential of the maker movement to influence how we teach students in school, thus far, most research on maker activities have taken place in informal spaces, such as museums and after-school programs, which are inaccessible to some populations. To ensure maker education reaches all students, it must find its place at school. However, classroom-based maker activities have different constraints and may require teachers to hold different types of knowledge. We drew from the body of research on maker education to create a course that prepared pre-service elementary school teachers to implement activities that were consistent with the maker ethos and met state and district standards. As a course assignment, the teacher candidates designed and hosted a School Maker Faire for elementary school children, providing an opportunity for local children to participate in maker activities and for pre-service elementary school teachers to design, facilitate, and reflect on maker education as a method of teaching science. In this paper, we delineate the constituent parts of maker pedagogical content knowledge and describe how pre-service teachers developed the appropriate knowledge for integrating maker education activities into their classroom curriculum. We propose that the knowledge teachers need to facilitate and assess student learning through maker education is more complex than either science pedagogical content knowledge or engineering pedagogical content knowledge.
Musculoskeletal anomalies in children with Down syndrome: an observational study.

Background Musculoskeletal complications of Down syndrome (DS) are common but infrequently reported. The combination of ligamentous laxity and low muscle tone contributes to increased risk of a number of musculoskeletal disorders and a delay in acquisition of motor milestones. The primary aim of this study was to describe musculoskeletal anomalies reported in a national cohort of children with DS. Methods This was an observational study. Children with DS, aged 0–21 years, were invited to attend a musculoskeletal assessment clinic conducted by a paediatric physician. Relevant musculoskeletal history and clinical findings were documented. Results Over an 18-month period, 503 children with DS were examined (56% male). The median age was 8.1 years (0.6–19.2). Pes planus was almost universal, occurring in 91% of the cohort. A range of other musculoskeletal anomalies were observed, with inflammatory arthritis (7%) and scoliosis (4.8%) occurring most frequently after pes planus. Delay in ambulation was common; the median age to walk was 28 months (12–84). Conclusion Children with DS are at increased risk of a number of potentially debilitating musculoskeletal problems. These conditions can present in variable manners or be completely asymptomatic. Pes planus is common; therefore, early consideration of orthotics and lifelong appropriate supportive footwear should be considered. Delayed ambulation is frequently noted. A significant proportion of children with DS have arthritis; however, despite a high prevalence, it is often missed, leading to delayed diagnosis. An annual musculoskeletal assessment for all children with DS could potentially enable early detection of problems, allowing for timely multidisciplinary team intervention and better clinical outcomes.
Google Forms Quizzes and Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, and Redefinition (SAMR) Model Integration

Web-based formative assessment technology has simplified how teachers capture and analyze student data. As an assessment and data gathering web-based application, Google Forms quizzes can be used to adapt content, individualize instructional goals, collect performance data, and connect students and teachers locally or from different parts of the world. Teachers can create and distribute Google Forms’ formative assessment technology, resulting in synchronous student performance feedback that communicates critical information related to learning objectives for teachers and students. In addition, Google Forms quizzes can be exclusively aligned and integrated with the technology benchmarks defined in the Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, and Redefinition (SAMR) Model, resulting in the creation of dynamic and customizable formative assessments in ways never before conceptualized. DOI:10.2458/azu_itet_v6i2_castro
Internal Neurolysis for the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia: Systematic Review

Abstract Introduction Trigeminal neuralgia remains a challenging disease with significant debilitating symptoms and variable efficacy in terms of treatment options, namely microvascular decompression (MVD), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), and percutaneous rhizotomy. Internal neurolysis (IN) is an alternative treatment that may be provide patient benefit but has limited understanding. We performed a systematic review of IN treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Methods Studies from 2000 to 2021 that assessed IN in trigeminal neuralgia were aggregated and independently reviewed. Weighted averages for demographics, outcomes and complications were generated. Results A total of 520 patients in 12 studies were identified with 384 who underwent IN (mean age 53.8 years, range 46-61.4 years). A mean follow-up time of 36.5 months (range 12-90 months) was seen. Preoperative symptoms were present for about 55.0 months before treatment and pain was predominantly in V2/3 (26.8%) followed by other distributions. An excellent to good outcome (Barrow Neurological Institute Pain Score [BNI-PS] I-III) was seen in 83.7% of patients (range 72-93.8%). Pain outcomes at 1 year were excellent in 58-78.4%, good or better in 77-93.75% and fair or better in 80-93.75% of patients. On average facial numbness following IN was seen in 96% of patients however at follow-up remained in only 1.75-10%. The vast majority of remaining numbness was not significantly distressing to patients. Subgroup comparisons of IN vs. recurrent MVD, IN vs. radiofrequency ablation, the impact of IN during the absence of vascular compression as well as IN with and without MVD were also evaluated. Conclusions IN represents a promising approach for surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in the absence of vascular compression or in potential cases of recurrence. Complications were limited in general. Further study is required to evaluate the impact of IN via higher quality prospective studies.
Developments in Demography

A knowledge of the demographic structure of a society is of crucial importance for decision making. Demography is the social science that studies (1) the size, composition, and distribution of human populations; (2) the changes in population size and composition and distribution over time; (3) the components of these changes, i.e., fertility, mortality, and migration; (4) the factors that affect these components; and (5) the consequences of changes in population size, composition, and distribution, or in the components themselves. Demography is important because it makes many societal outcomes more likely than others. For example, the age structure of the U.S. population at the time of the introduction of Social Security made it more likely that this program was funded intergenerationally instead of building up individual annuities, because at that time, there were far fewer people in retirement ages than in working ages. The ultimate decision, however, was a political one.
Nonparametric Identification in Dynamic Nonseparable Panel Data Models

We consider the identification of covariate-conditioned and average partial effects in dynamic nonseparable panel data structures. We demonstrate that a control function approach is sufficient to identify the effects of interest, and we show how the panel structure may be helpful in finding control functions. We also provide new results for the nonparametric binary dependent variable case with a lagged dependent variable.