cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two-photon decay of the 2 (1)S0 state in He-like bromine.

We report a measurement of the lifetime of the 1s2s $^{1}$${\mathit{S}}_{0}$ state in two-electron ${\mathrm{Br}}^{33+}$. This state decays to the 1${\mathit{s}}^{2}$ $^{1}$${\mathit{S}}_{0}$ ground state only by the simultaneous emission of two photons. Ions in the 1s2s $^{1}$${\mathit{S}}_{0}$ level are produced by excitation of energetic bromine ions in a thin carbon foil. The lifetime is determined by measuring the change in the rate of two-photon coincidences as a function of the foil-detector separation. The lifetime measurement yields 39.32(32) ps in agreement with a theoretical value of 39.63(16) ps.
Best Fit Edge Detection For Meteorological Data

The texture, contrast and "noisiness" of meteorological data belongs to the class of visual images that requires unconventional and non-classical processing techniques. For instance, the digital Laplacian operator cannot be directly applied to these images without further modification. This is vividly portrayed in the application of classical edge, detection techniques to visual images that are very "busy", which tends to amplify the granularity of an image rather than generate useful edge detection. In this paper, a comparative study of classical edge detection techniques is described with actual atmospheric data obtained from geostationary satellite data. These results are compared to novel techniques developed at the Image Processing Center for Atmospheric Studies at Colorado State University.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The study of the pyrolysis of alkyl nitrites in a field ionization mass spectrometer

Abstract The pyrolysis behaviour of ethyl, n -propyl, n -butyl and iso -butyl nitrite at low pressures was investigated in the temperature range 150–510°C, using a field ionization mass spectrometer. The three pyrolysis steps (loss of NO to form an alkoxy radical, loss of CH 2 O to form an alkyl radical, and loss of an olefine to form a secondary alkyl radical or hydrogen) could be readily identified. The alkoxy radicals can be identified only indirectly via secondary reactions on the surface of the field ionization emitter, while alkyl radicals undergo surface reactions to a lesser extent and thus can be identified directly. The proportion of free alkyl radicals increases with increasing chain length and branching of the alkyl nitrite, while the optimum temperature for formation of alkyl radicals decreases correspondingly. The results not only give information on the pyrolysis behaviour of alkyl nitrites but also shed light on the reactions of alkoxy and alkyl radicals on the surface of a field ionization emitter.
Walking With Students to Increase Satisfaction and Retention

The Walking Office Hours exercise was originally instituted as a requirement in an introductory health topics class. Students were required, in pairs, to walk with the instructor for one-half hour ...
Two-Dimensional Optical Proximity Effects

In projection printing the proximity effects between adjacent two-dimensional features such as concentric elbows can be the limiting factor in designing layout rules. An aerial image simulation code based on the imaging algorithms in SAMPLE has been developed and used to investigate these proximity effects. The program accepts arbitrary polygonal shapes constructed of rectangular and triangular patches. The image is calculated using Hopkins transmission cross coefficient formulation and uses rapid integral evaluation techniques. The cpu time for this FORTRAN F77 program depends on the size of the mask and the partial coherence factor as 0.25[(1 + σ) 2A(NA/λ)2]2 seconds on a DEC VAX 11/780 using double precision, where A is the mask area, σ the coherence factor, NA the numerical aperture and λ the wavelength. The output intensity can be displayed with graphics tools such as UNIGRAFIX or cross-sectioned for input to SAMPLE development simulation along critical paths. Proximity effects in critical regions between features such as nested elbows, contacts near contacts and lines, and lines near large pads are studied. For small contacts studies show that a contact hole can be placed as close as 0.5λ/NA microns to another contact hole. For nested elbows the critical effect is the variation in intensity in the straight regions just adjacent to the corner. This undesirable variation is primarily due to the intrafeature intensity interactions and is not greatly influenced by the proximity of another nested elbow. For general feature shapes the proximity effects are reduced by increasing the partial coherence factor to 0.5 or higher but at the cost of reducing contrast and peak intensity. For contact masks a partial coherence of 0.3 is recommended for higher edge slope and peak intensities. Proximity effects of small defects are also illustrated.
Correlation of free radical yields with strand break yields produced in plasmid DNA by the direct effect of ionizing radiation.

The purpose of this study was to determine how free radical formation (fr) correlates with single strand break (ssb) and double strand break (dsb) formation in DNA exposed to the direct effects of ionizing radiation. Chemical yields have been determined of (i) total radicals trapped on DNA at 4 K, G(∑fr), (ii) radicals trapped on the DNA sugar, Gsugar(fr), (iii) prompt single strand breaks, Gprompt(ssb), (iv) total single strand breaks, Gtotal(ssb), and (v) double strand breaks, G(dsb). These measurements make it possible, for the first time, to quantitatively test the premise that free radicals are the primary precursors to strand breaks. G(∑fr) were measured by EPR applied to films of pEC (10 810 bp) and pUC18 (2686 bp) plasmids hydrated to Γ = 22 mol of water/nucleotide and X-irradiated at 4 K. Using these same samples warmed to room temperature, strand breaks were measured by gel electrophoresis. The respective values for pEC and pUC18 were G(∑fr) = 0.71 ± 0.02 and 0.61 ± 0.01 μmol/J, Gtotal(ssb) = 0....
Beyond Navier–Stokes

Abstract The Navier–Stokes–Fourier (NSF) equations are shown to be strictly applicable only to incompressible flows, namely those involving fluids whose density is uniform throughout. Linear irreversible thermodynamic principles are used to derive an amended set of mass, momentum, and energy equations applicable to all fluids, compressible and incompressible, liquids as well as gases. These reduce to those of NSF in the incompressible limit. A modification of Fourier’s heat-conduction constitutive law is also required as a consequence of the mass/volume velocity difference, wherein the heat flux is now defined in relation to the Second- rather than First-law of thermodynamics; that is, the heat flux is expressed in terms of entropy transport rather than energy transport, with the distinction between the two fluxes vanishing for incompressible flows. When solved subject to a no-slip boundary condition imposed on the fluid’s volume velocity rather than on its mass velocity, the amended NSF equations are noted to furnish results in accord with a variety of experimental data for isothermal and nonisothermal, compressible and incompressible, gas and liquid flows. The difference between the fluid’s volume and mass velocities, namely the diffuse flux of volume, is shown to constitute the hydrodynamic-level manifestation of the fluid’s biased Brownian motion, with the bias arising from the inhomogeneity in mass distribution arising in compressible fluids from temperature or pressure gradients. Previously, continuum hydrodynamics, as embodied in the Navier–Stokes–Fourier equations, has overlooked the fundamental contribution to fluid mechanics emanating from biased Brownian motion.
Isolation of a biologically active macrophage receptor for the third component of complement.

Isolation of a biologically active macrophage receptor for the third component of complement
Learner Control Modes and Incentive Variations in Computer-Delivered Instruction

This study investigated the effects of two general approaches to the provision of learner control and of two types of incentive on achievement, use of options, time, and attitude using computer-delivered instruction. Posttest scores for the “FullMinus” treatment for learner control, where learners could selectively bypass elements of a full instructional program, were marginally higher than those for the “LeanPlus” treatment, where learners could opt to add elements to a core program (p=.052). The FullMinus treatment resulted in more positive attitudes while requiring no more time. Performance-contingent incentive groups had higher post-test scores than task-contingent groups (p<.05), with no greater investment of learner time and no negative effect on attitude. The findings relate directly to the design of instructional computer programs as well as to the design of future studies on learner control.
Prenatal testing for selection against disabilities.

Disability rights advocates sometimes claim that prenatal tests to select against disabilities discriminate against people with disabilities. The “expressivist argument” that supports this position has been challenged on grounds of the difference between fetuses and born persons. In this essay, I explain why the expressivist argument is valid despite the questionableness of its conclusion, and why the distinction between fetuses and born persons fails to provide an adequate counterargument to the expressivist conclusion. I also consider a compelling argument for prenatal testing to select against disabilities and propose a reformulation of this argument that, I think, supports prenatal testing for disabilities while avoiding discrimination against people born with disabilities.
Vertical continuous casting of bars

The problem of vertical continuous casting of bars is considered in this paper. An asymptotic solution is constructed using the ratio of radius of the bar to the solidification length as the small ...
Coarse quantization for data compression in coherent location systems

When emitter location systems measure time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) and differential Doppler (DD) by coherently cross-correlating the signal pairs, data compression techniques are needed to facilitate data transfer of one of the signals to the receiving site of the other signal. Two block-adaptive quantization schemes are analyzed here to determine their impact on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the quantized signal as well as on the post-correlation SNR. Comparisons are made between two approaches: quantization of the real/imaginary (R/I) components or the magnitude/phase (M/P) components. For the M/P approach, a rule is derived for optimally allocating the bits between the magnitude and phase. The M/P approach provides better post-quantization/precorrelation SNR for most signals; however, when the SNR of the signal not being quantized is small, the post-correlation SNR can be largely unaffected by the quantization. In that case, there is little difference between R/I and M/P, even under the most favorable scenario for M/P.
The Electoral Antecedents of Policy Innovations A Comparative Analysis

This article explores the dilemma surrounding the general utility of realignment theory in analyzing the connection between elections and policy shifts; the theory seems to work well in the American context but is less useful in explaining British politics. We reverse the normal analysis, focusing on periods associated with major policy shifts and attempting to discover cross-national similarities in the elections associated with those policy shifts.
A Comparison of Gamma and Lognormal Distributions for Characterizing Satellite Rain Rates from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission

This study investigates the spatial characteristics of nonzero rain rates to develop a probability density function (PDF) model of precipitation using rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. The minimum x 2 method is used to find a good estimator for the rain-rate distribution between the gamma and lognormal distributions, which are popularly used in the simulation of the rain-rate PDF. Results are sensitive to the choice of dynamic range, but both the gamma and lognormal distributions match well with the PDF of rainfall data. Comparison with sample means shows that the parametric mean from the lognormal distribution overestimates the sample mean, whereas the gamma distribution underestimates it. These differences are caused by the inflated tail in the lognormal distribution and the small shape parameter in the gamma distribution. If shape constraint is given, the difference between the sample mean and the parametric mean from the fitted gamma distribution decreases significantly, although the resulting x 2 values slightly increase. Of interest is that a consistent regional preference between two test functions is found. The gamma fits outperform the lognormal fits in wet regions, whereas the lognormal fits are better than the gamma fits for dry regions. Results can be improved with a specific model assumption depending on mean rain rates, but the results presented in this study can be easily applied to develop the rainfall retrieval algorithm and to find the proper statistics in the rainfall data.
Characterization of reactively sputtered titanium carbide films by analytical electron microscopy

TiC/sub x/ films prepared by reactive sputtering using a Ti target and different methane partial pressures were characterized by analytical transmission electron microscopy. The films are polycrystalline, and the plasmon energy increases considerably with increasing carbon content. Combination of the information obtained from electron energy loss plasmon and core loss spectra, and electron diffraction indicates that x in TiC/sub x/ increases linearly with methane partial pressure. We find that the face centered cubic TiC phase spans the composition from TiC/sub 0.2/ to TiC/sub 1.0/ and when x > 1 we have a mixture of TiC/sub 1.0/ and amorphous C.
Epidemiology and risk factors for human papillomavirus infection in a diverse sample of low-income young women.

Background Two HPV vaccines prevent infection with HPV-16 and HPV-18, high-risk (cancer-associated) HPV types which together cause approximately 70% of cervical cancers; one vaccine also prevents HPV-6 and HPV-11, which together cause approximately 90% of anogenital warts. Defining type-specific HPV epidemiology in sexually experienced women will help estimate the potential clinical benefits of vaccinating this population.
Pancreatic cancer genomics: insights and opportunities for clinical translation

Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal tumor type for which there are few viable therapeutic options. It is also caused by the accumulation of mutations in a variety of genes. These genetic alterations can be grouped into those that accumulate during pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (precursor lesions) and thus are present in all cells of the infiltrating carcinoma, and those that accumulate specifically within the infiltrating carcinoma during subclonal evolution, resulting in genetic heterogeneity. Despite this heterogeneity there are nonetheless commonly altered cellular functions, such as pathways controlling the cell cycle, DNA damage repair, intracellular signaling and development, which could provide for a variety of drug targets. This review aims to summarize current knowledge of the genetics and genomics of pancreatic cancer from its inception to metastatic colonization, and to provide examples of how this information can be translated into the clinical setting for therapeutic benefit and personalized medicine.
The hitting time for the height of a random recursive tree

In this paper we provide a simple formula for the expected time for a random recursive tree to grow to a given height.
Lung adenocarcinoma presenting as a solitary gingival metastasis: a case report

Introduction Gingival metastases are very rare and generally occur in disseminated tumors. We report a case of solitary gingival metastasis of lung cancer.
Metternich, Bismarck, and the Myth of the “Long Peace,” 1815–1914

Many Western scholars and foreign-policy makers have lauded the Congress of Vienna, Metternich's “Concert of Europe,” and Prussian chancellor Otto von Bismarck's alliance system for keeping a “long peace” from 1815 to 1914. The superiority of nineteenth-century statecraft is a myth. Europe was busy at war between 1815 and 1914, if not in conflicts on the scale of the Napoleonic Wars and World War I. Furthermore, the chancelleries of nineteenth-century Europe not only quelled national uprisings, but suppressed peoples’ political rights and waged imperial wars throughout Africa and Asia. From the perspective of a Pole, a disenfranchised European, or an Indian, the century was not a “long peace” but a “long war.”
Synthesis of octopamine by insect dorsal median unpaired neurons

Dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons of locusts and grasshoppers inhibit the instrinsic rhythm of contraction of metathoracic extensor tibia muscle fibers. This physiological action is mimicked by very low concentrations of octopamine and by higher concentrations of dopamine and noradrenaline. We have examined the synthesis of biogenic amines from tritiated tyrosine by these neurons. DUM cell bodies and a peripheral nerve containing the DUM axon which terminates in the extensor tibia both produced octopamine, but neither noradrenaline nor dopamine synthesis was detected. The observations support the suggestion that the dorsal unpaired median neurons are octopaminergic.
Breast Cancer Risk after Occupational Solvent Exposure: the Influence of Timing and Setting

Organic solvents are ubiquitous in occupational settings where they may contribute to risks for carcinogenesis. However, there is limited information on organic solvents as human breast carcinogens. We examined the relationship between occupational exposure to solvents and breast cancer in a prospective study of 47,661 women with an occupational history in the Sister Study cohort. Occupational solvent exposure was categorized using self-reported job-specific solvent use collected at baseline. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to assess breast cancer risk, adjusting for established breast cancer risk factors. A total of 1,798 women were diagnosed with breast cancer during follow-up, including 1,255 invasive cases. Overall the risk of invasive breast cancer was not associated with lifetime exposure to solvents [HR, 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.88-1.24]. Parous women who worked with solvents before their first full-term birth had an increased risk of estrogen receptor-positive invasive breast cancer compared with women who never worked with solvents (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.03-1.86). A significantly elevated risk for estrogen receptor-positive invasive breast cancer was associated with solvent exposure among clinical laboratory technologists and technicians (HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.07-3.73). Occupational exposure to solvents before first birth, a critical period of breast tissue differentiation, may result in increased vulnerability for breast cancer. Our findings suggest a need for future studies in this area to focus on exposure time windows and solvent types in different occupational settings.
Depletion dynamics for stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy

We present preliminary experimental data revealing depletion dynamics for stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy as a function of excitation intensity, depletion intensity, time delay, and fluorophore damage. FluoSpheres 350/440(invitrogen) is used.
How to Grow a Wildland: The Gardenification of Nature

A core reality in wildland conservation is “Use it or lose it”. And when you use it, something has to restore it. Footprints must mostly erase, or the use is not sustainable. The Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica is a 3-decade old and long-term pilot project in tropical wildland biodiversity development and tropical wildland ecosystem development. In summary, it is environmental services development. Some conclusions are already evident:
MR imaging of flow with locally high spatial resolution.

Locally focused magnetic resonance imaging (LF MRI) allows imaging with variable spatial resolution within the field of view (FOV). Because LF MRI uses a priori information to provide locally high resolution in regions with rapid spatial variations in intensity (e.g., blood/tissue interface), it allows accurate reproduction of intense sharp edges in the specimen without blurring and truncation artifacts. This study employs LF MRI for 3D imaging of stationary and pulsatile flow. In the implemented version of LF MRI analytically defined basis functions are used to determine image intensity in regions depicted with low or high resolution. It is demonstrated that LF MRI of flow allows a significant (i.e. 3-4 times) reduction in scan time as compared to conventional FT MRI. It is also shown that LF images of pulsatile flow have a decreased appearance of ghosting artifacts as compared to the images reconstructed by using the conventional method.
Electroencephalogram-Based Methodology for Determining Unconsciousness During Depopulation

SUMMARY. When an avian influenza or virulent Newcastle disease outbreak occurs within commercial poultry, key steps involved in managing a fast-moving poultry disease can include: education; biosecurity; diagnostics and surveillance; quarantine; elimination of infected poultry through depopulation or culling, disposal, and disinfection; and decreasing host susceptibility. Available mass emergency depopulation procedures include whole-house gassing, partial-house gassing, containerized gassing, and water-based foam. To evaluate potential depopulation methods, it is often necessary to determine the time to the loss of consciousness (LOC) in poultry. Many current approaches to evaluating LOC are qualitative and require visual observation of the birds. This study outlines an electroencephalogram (EEG) frequency domain–based approach for determining the point at which a bird loses consciousness. In this study, commercial broilers were used to develop the methodology, and the methodology was validated with laye...
Connection-level analysis and modeling of network traffic

Most network traffic analysis and modeling studies lump all connections together into a single flow. Such aggregate traffic typically exhibits long-range-dependent (LRD) correlations and non-Gaussian marginal distributions. Importantly, in a typical aggregate traffic model, traffic bursts arise from many connections being active simultaneously. In this paper, we develop a new framework for analyzing and modeling network traffic that moves beyond aggregation by incorporating connection-level information. A careful study of many traffic traces acquired in different networking situations reveals (in opposition to the aggregate modeling ideal) that traffic bursts typically arise from just a few high-volume connections that dominate all others. We term such dominating connections alpha traffic. Alpha traffic is caused by large file transmissions over high bandwidth links and is extremely bursty (non-Gaussian). Stripping the alpha traffic from an aggregate trace leaves a beta traffic residual that is Gaussian, LRD, and shares the same fractal scaling exponent as the aggregate traffic. Beta traffic is caused by both small and large file transmissions over low bandwidth links. In our alpha/beta traffic model, the heterogeneity of the network resources give rise to burstiness and heavy-tailed connection durations give rise to LRD. Queuing experiments suggest that the alpha component dictates the tail queue behavior for large queue sizes, whereas the beta component controls the tail queue behavior for small queue sizes.
Can price dispersion be persistent in the Internet markets

We investigate pricing behaviour and market dynamics for both online branches of Multi-Channel Retailers (MCRs) and online-only retailers (Dotcoms), based on a set of panel data collected for 2 years in the online DVD market. We find that prices of MCRs and Dotcoms both go down with time, but prices of MCRs decrease in a significantly faster speed, implying that difference in the average prices between the two types of retailers is getting smaller with time. We also compare the price dispersion and its dynamics between MCRs and Dotcoms. We find that the price dispersion among MCRs is much bigger than that among Dotcoms at the beginning. But such a difference gets smaller with time as the price dispersion among Dotcoms becomes bigger. Our results suggest that the two types of retailers will not only charge similar average prices in long term, but also have similar price dispersions. But our findings show that price dispersion among all retailers goes up with time, indicating that prices do not converge in ...
The Seasonal Variation of Tropical Transient Planetary Waves Appearing in a GFDL General Circulation Model

Abstract The seasonal variation of tropical transient planetary waves appearing in an 11-layer GFDL general circulation model is investigated. Space-time power spectra are estimated for every month by use of the maximum entropy method which can be applied to a short time record. The identification of equatorial wave modes is confirmed by space-time rotary spectral analysis which resolves traveling vortices into clockwise and anticlockwise components as well as eastward and westward moving components. It is found that the model's stratospheric Kelvin and mixed Rossby-gravity waves attain their primary and secondary maxima around July and January, respectively.
Distress Dispersion and Systemic Risk in Networks

I present a model in which heterogeneity in nancial distress endogenously generates ineciencies in network formation, creating excessive systemic risk. Financial rms face costly liquidation and strategically trade assets, thereby forming links. A link with a distressed rm can be socially costly as it increases system-wide liquidation risk. When the cross-sectional dispersion of distress is high, the network composition is distorted in two ways: it features too many links with distressed rms and too few risk-sharing links among non-distressed rms. This ineciency arises from an externality as bilateral contract terms are not contingent on links faraway in the network. Using insights from the model, I discuss policy implications for nancial stability. I also show empirical evidence that the distress dispersion across nancial rms provides a novel indicator for systemic risk.
INSTILLATION OF ALLOGENEIC LUNG MACROPHAGES AND DENDRITIC CELLS CAUSE DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS ON LOCAL IFN-GAMMA PRODUCTION, LYMPHOCYTIC BRONCHITIS, AND VASCULITIS IN RECIPIENT MURINE LUNGS

Lung allograft rejection is believed to be initiated by donor lung accessory cells, namely macrophages and dendritic cells, interacting with recipient lymphocytes leading to up-regulated Th1 type (IFN-gamma) cellular immunity culminating in graft destruction. The purpose of this study was to determine the individual role of donor lung macrophages and dendritic cells in the rejection response. Utilizing a murine model that reproduces the immunology and histology of acute rejection, C57BL/6 mouse (I-a(b), H-2(b)) lung dendritic cells (DC-enriched lung cells), purified alveolar macrophages (I-a-negative macrophages), or various ratios of I-a-negative macrophages/DC were instilled into BALB/c mouse (I-a(d), H-2(d)) lungs followed by an assessment of local IFN-gamma production and grading of rejection pathology. The data show that DC, and not I-a-negative macrophages, induced IFN-gamma production in recipient lungs. However, the local production of IFN-gamma was not always associated with histological changes characteristic of rejection pathology. In contrast to either cell type alone, instillation of C57BL/6 I-a-negative macrophages and DC, together, were required to induce rejection pathology in BALB/c lungs. In addition, the rejection response was dependent on interactions between donor I-a-negative macrophages and DC.
Perspective on hydroxyapatite-coated collars for bone-bridging: commentary on an article by Melanie Jean Coathup, BSc(Hon), PhD, et al.: "Long-term survival of cemented distal femoral endoprostheses with a hydroxyapatite-coated collar. A histological study and a radiographic follow-up".

Osteointegration of metallic implants, in one form or another, has been and remains an important goal of orthopaedic surgeons. Providing a durable, long-lasting reconstruction of diseased joints and skeletal defects with minimal risk of aseptic loosening is a key component in providing pain-free function for our patients. Successful osteointegration of a metallic implant requires a porous surface on at least part of the implant. To be effective, the surface must be biocompatible, well fixed to the metal substrate, and have a pore structure that essentially allows the bone to “grow” into the surface. Numerous materials and techniques have been used to create this porous surface with varying degrees of biological, biomechanical, and clinical success. Plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coating is one method of creating a biocompatible porous surface. The overall results of hydroxyapatite-coated implants have been favorable. There are numerous reported series in which utilization of these implants for cementless fixation of total hip and total knee prostheses provided clinical results comparable with those associated with other forms of fixation. In this paper, Coathup et al. reported the results of a cemented distal femoral endoprosthesis that has a hydroxyapatite-coated collar at the junction of the stem and the body portion of the prosthesis. While the purpose of …
ID: 67: HENOCH-SCHONLEIN PRPURA WITH A NEGATIVE SKIN BIOPSY

Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is an autoimmune condition also referred to as anaphylactoid purpura. It is a self-limited systemic, IgA-mediated small vasculitis. It is non-granulomatous, autoimmune complex, with multi-organ involvement, and most commonly in children. Its etiology is unclear but is associated with upper respiratory tract infections, drugs, foods, insect bites, vaccinations, tumors (non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, and hematological malignancies), alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, and Familial Mediterranean Fever. Case Stem We present a 17 years old caucasian male with 3 weeks history of itchy erythematous, palpable pruritic rash which progressed proximally from both feet to thighs and upper extremities. He went to an outlying facility and was given steroids for a few days. Symptoms subsided temporary. Later the patient developed peri-umbilical abdominal pain which was colicky in nature, 8/10 in intensity, associated with vomiting, bloody diarrhea, joint pain and fever. Review of systems was unremarkable otherwise. Abdominal examination showed mild tenderness in the peri-umbilical area, non-blanching palpable purpuric rash involving both upper and lower extremities. Laboratory tests showed leukocytosis, high CRP and ESR. Normal Hb, Hct, BUN, Serum Creatinine, Urinalysis, C3 and C4. Anti-HAV IgM: Negative; HbsAg: Negative; Anti-HBc IgG Negative. Colonoscopy showed pancolitis. Abdominal ultrasonography detected increased bowel wall thickness, skin biopsy was not specific because it was taken after 24 hrs of once of rash. The patient was diagnosed with HSP as per the American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatism (EuLAR) as well as Pediatric Rheumatology Society (PReS) criteria. He was treated with intravenous fluids and was abstained from food and liquids. He was started on oral prednisone. He recovered well and was discharged with a follow up appointment. Conclusion Although HSP patients mostly range from 4–7 years old it can still presents in adolescent age group. Non-thrombocytopenic palpable purpura with multi-organ involvement (gastrointestinal, skin and joints) should make one consider the diagnosis. skin biopsy should be taken less than 24 hrs from the presentation because in more chronic lesions, vessel damage leads to nonspecific leakage of all isotypes of immunoglobulin.
Origins of the Conservative Ascendancy: Barry Goldwater's Early Senate Career and the De-legitimization of Organized Labor

In the spring of 1960, a slim 123-page pamphlet grabbed the attention of audiences across the nation with a powerful restatement of the conservative world view: "the radi cal, or Liberal, approach has not worked and is not working." With this declaration, Senator Barry Goldwater's Conscience of a Conservative climbed to the top of best-seller lists across the country. Inside were ideas drawn from a decade's worth of the senator's speeches and writings and the research of the Arizonan's ghostwriter, Brent Bozell, Wil liam F. Buckley's brother-in-law. Goldwater and Bozell condemned New Dealers and Fair Dealers as well as moderate Republicans, such as President Dwight D. Eisenhower, because they were allowing "socialism" to subordinate "all other considerations to man's material well-being."1 Conscience of a Conservative was an outcry against the New Deal order for Goldwater and American conservatives who followed his lead. It touched on
Analysis of Online Banking Customs' Identification Security

Banks have been offering online banking services in order to gain competitive advantage in the network economic environment. How to avoid security risks better is highly concerned by all the customers and the banking industry with the extensive development of online banking services. This paper described key risks faced by online banking, analysis comparatively of main assisted identification technology in manner, safety, convenience and cost;finally, explained new challenges faced by online banking identification in three aspects of the mobile Internet banking, third-part payment and attack trend.
Random parameters multivariate tobit and zero-inflated count data models: addressing unobserved and zero-state heterogeneity in accident injury-severity rate and frequency analysis

Abstract This paper uses data collected over a five-year period between 2005 and 2009 in Indiana to estimate random parameters multivariate tobit and zero-inflated count data models of accident injury-severity rates and frequencies, respectively. The proposed modeling approach accounts for unobserved factors that may vary systematically across segments with and without observed or reported accident injury-severities, thus addressing unobserved, zero-accident state and non-zero-accident state heterogeneity. Moreover, the multivariate setting allows accounting for contemporaneous cross-equation error correlation for modeling accident injury-severity rates and frequencies as systems of seemingly unrelated equations. The tobit and zero-inflated count data modeling approaches address the excessive amount of zeros inherent in the two sets of dependent variables (accident injury-severity rates and frequencies, respectively), which are – in nature – continuous and discrete count data, respectively, that are left-censored with a clustering at zero. The random parameters multivariate tobit and zero-inflated count data models are counter-imposed with their equivalent fixed parameters and lower order models, and the results illustrate the statistical superiority of the presented models. Finally, the relative benefits of random parameters modeling are explored by demonstrating the forecasting accuracy of the random parameters multivariate models with the software-generated mean β s of the random parameters, and with the observation-specific β s of the random parameters.
Accenting the Positive

Fuel is needed to make anything go. A living organism feeds on fuel in the form of food. A car or a plane burns refined oil. For the economy at large, energy is literally the propellant, just as coal and oil and electric power are physical prerequisites, of growth in a modern society.
The Currency of Memory: Ndidi Dike's Waka-into-Bondage and the Materiality of the Slave Trade in Nigeria and Britain

It is not difficult to establish an abundance of reasons why the history of slavery must continue to plague the memory of the world. Principal among these is the simple fact that the history of hum...
Not Enough Time

This study summarizes evidence on various unique aspects of work time in the American labor market. Compared to workers in other rich countries, Americans: Work longer hours per week; take fewer paid vacations; are more likely to work on weekends or at nights; enjoy fewer daily hours of leisure; are more likely to feel pressured for time. Except for night/weekend work, these phenomena are concentrated among higher earners. Their workaholism spills over onto other workers and non-worker family members. The study indicates policy remedies for what appears to be an inferior labor-market equilibrium of excessive market work in the U.S.
Trajectories of relapse in randomised, placebo-controlled trials of treatment discontinuation in major depressive disorder: an individual patient-level data meta-analysis.

Summary Background Understanding patterns of relapse in patients who respond to antidepressant treatment can inform strategies for prevention of relapse. We aimed to identify distinct trajectories of depression severity, assess whether similar or different trajectory classes exist for patients who continued or discontinued active treatment, and test whether clinical predictors of trajectory class membership exist using pooled data from clinical trials. Methods We analysed individual patient data from four double-blind discontinuation clinical trials of duloxetine or fluoxetine versus placebo in major depression from before 2012 (n=1462). We modelled trajectories of relapse up to 26 weeks during double-blind treatment. Trajectories of depression severity, as measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score, were identified in the entire sample, and separately in groups in which antidepressants had been continued or discontinued, using growth mixture models. Predictors of trajectory class membership were assessed with weighted logistic regression. Findings We identified similar relapse trajectories and two trajectories of stable depression scores in the normal range on active medication and on placebo. Active treatment significantly lowered the odds of membership in the relapse trajectory (odds ratio 0·47, 95% CI 0·37–0·61), whereas female sex (1·56, 1·23–2·06), shorter length of time with clinical response by 1 week (1·10, 1·06–1·15), and higher Clinical Global Impression score at baseline (1·28, 1·01–1·62) increased the odds. Overall, the protective effect of antidepressant medication relative to placebo on the risk of being classified as a relapser was about 13% (33% vs 46%). Interpretation The existence of similar relapse trajectories on active medication and on placebo suggests that there is no specific relapse signature associated with antidepressant discontinuation. Furthermore, continued treatment offers only modest protection against relapse. These data highlight the need to incorporate treatment strategies that prevent relapse as part of the treatment of depression. Funding National Institutes of Health, the US Department of Veterans Affairs Alcohol Research Center, and National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.
A Self-Report Measure for the ICD-11 Dimensional Trait Model Proposal: The Personality Inventory for ICD-11

Proposed for the 11th edition of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) is a dimensional trait model for the classification of personality disorder (Tyrer, Reed, & Crawford, 2015). The ICD-11 proposal consists of 5 broad domains: negative affective, detachment, dissocial, disinhibition, and anankastic (Mulder, Horwood, Tyrer, Carter, & Joyce, 2016). Several field trials have examined this proposal, yet none has included a direct measure of the trait model. The purpose of the current study was to develop and provide initial validation for the Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD), a self-report measure of this proposed 5-domain maladaptive trait model. Item selection and scale construction proceeded through 3 initial data collections assessing potential item performance. Two subsequent studies were conducted for scale validation. In Study 1, the PiCD was evaluated in a sample of 259 MTurk participants (who were or had been receiving mental health treatment) with respect to 2 measures of general personality structure: The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised and the 5-Dimensional Personality Test. In Study 2, the PiCD was evaluated in an additional sample of 285 participants with respect to 2 measures of maladaptive personality traits: The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 and the Computerized Adaptive Test for Personality Disorders. Study 3 provides an item-level exploratory structural equation model with the combined samples from Studies 1 and 2. The results are discussed with respect to the validity of the measure and the potential benefits for future research in having a direct, self-report measure of the ICD-11 trait proposal. (PsycINFO Database Record
Peter Paul Rubens and the Rationalization of Light

Although historians of architecture commonly utilize emergent technologies of modeling and rendering to catalogue and describe the patterns of illumination that characterize a particular site, these techniques have yet to be adapted to the study of pictures or decorative assemblages within a given space. This case study considers the relationship between light and illusion in three altarpieces by Peter Paul Rubens, showing how the artist developed an artistic vocabulary for integrating light into his pictures after one of his first major commissions was rejected by its patrons. Subsequent analysis shows that these same concerns fueled early modern experiments in measuring and describing light; in this way, the finely tuned stagecraft of the Baroque altar can be understood as a material prehistory of photometric science.
The First Record of Ooencyrtus nezarae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on Kudzu Bug (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) in North America

The kudzu bug, Megacopta cribraria (F.) (Heteroptera: Plataspidae), is an invasive insect pest introduced from Asia in 2009 that poses a threat to soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merr. [Fabales: Fabaceae]) and other legume crops in the United States. Initially discovered in Georgia, M. cribraria rapidly expanded across the southeast until 2014 when a significant decline in its population was observed across many locations. This notable decline in M. cribraria populations is attributed to the emergence of new parasitoids and pathogens in its new invasive range. So far, only a single egg parasitoid, Paratelenomus saccharalis (Dodd) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), is known to parasitize the eggs of M. cribraria in the United States. Here, we report a new egg parasitoid of M. cribraria identified as Ooencyrtus nezarae Ishii, 1928 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), recovered from egg masses of M. cribraria collected from soybean in Alabama. O. nezarae is reported to parasitize eggs from a variety of heteropteran families and has been observed parasitizing M. cribraria in China. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of O. nezarae in North America. The potentials of O. nezarae for biological control of M. cribraria in the United States and the direction of future studies are discussed.
Note on the unique physiologic state of loggerhead sea turtles ( Caretta caretta ) during nesting season as evidenced by a suite of health variables

Baseline hematologic and plasma biochemical analytes provide insight into wildlife health. In recent years, blood analytes have been used to infer foraging strategies and nutritional status of female sea turtles of different species during nesting season in an effort to determine if turtles at this life stage are capital breeders that forage little to none during nesting season. These changes in foraging during nesting have not been documented in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). The objective of this study was to evaluate correlations between hematologic, plasma chemistry, immune function, and antioxidative analytes of female loggerhead turtles during nesting season to determine evidence of reduced foraging. We found that chloride tended to increase, while total protein, various plasma protein fractions (pre-albumin, alpha-1-globulins, beta-globulins, total globulins), total white blood cells, superoxide dismutase, reactive oxygen species, iron, and triglycerides decreased over the course of nesting season. These results suggest that loggerhead turtles rely on fat stores accumulated on foraging grounds to fuel their energetic costs during nesting. Our results also indicate alterations in hemodynamics, metabolism, and antioxidative capacity due to reduced foraging and high energy efforts of nesting, which lend further insight into the physiologic dynamics and catabolic state of sea turtles during nesting season.
Primary Dilated Megaureter: Long-Term Followup

Previously, we reported on the changing concepts in the management of 35 neonates with primary obstructive megaureters, 25 of whom were observed without surgery for a mean of 28 months while 10 were surgically treated. We report the long-term outcome of the 25 patients who were managed without surgery. This group consists of 19 male and 6 female neonates with 19 unilateral and 6 bilateral dilated ureters. Of the patients 17 presented with an antenatal diagnosis of hydronephrosis, 2 with infection and 6 with incidental findings. None of the patients had vesicoureteral reflux. Followup serial imaging (2 or more studies per case) consisted of excretory urography in 18 of the 25 cases, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid renal scan in 16 and/or sonogram in 10. Mean followup was 7.3 years (range 4.8 to 12.4) for 24 patients and 1 was lost to followup after 1.5 years. Excretory urography showed improvement in urinary tract dilatation in 12 cases and stable dilatation in 6. Renal scans demonstrated expected interval increases in the glomerular filtration rate with age without any deterioration in per cent of renal function in all 16 cases. None of the patients had stones, pain or pyelonephritis. We conclude that it is safe to follow a select group of patients with primary dilated megaureters in the absence of vesicoureteral reflux. We recommend antibiotic prophylaxis and serial urinary tract imaging to confirm renal growth and preservation of renal function.
Pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus infection and animal models for its study.

Overcoming infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) depends upon a complex interaction between virus and host. This interaction most commonly produces asymptomatic infection, as illustrated by the high prevalence of HSV antibodies in individuals with no history of clinically recognized illness (Gibson et al. 1990; Johnson et al. 1989). These findings suggest that host responses are generally effective in limiting viral disease. Clearly this is not always the case since millions of individuals experience symptomatic HSV infections with disease ranging from trivial to life threatening (Whitley 1990). From epidemiological studies and clinical observations we have learned that both viral and host factors may influence whether an individual experiences an asymptomatic infection or is afflicted with severe herpetic disease. Clinical studies, however, are inherently limited and do not permit detailed exploration of the host and viral determinants of disease expression. The use of well-characterized experimental animal models has proven invaluable in further defining the natural history of HSV infection. With the recent advances in molecular biology and immunology, animal models are being increasingly used to investigate the role of selected viral genes and specific immune responses in the pathogenesis and immunobiology of HSV infection. This chapter will review the experimental animal models used to study HSV and summarize our current understanding of the pathogenesis of infection, with a primary focus on genital herpes. The immunobiology of HSV, as it pertains to viral pathogenesis and animal model research, will receive minimal attention in this chapter but will be presented in greater detail in other chapters in this volume.