cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Hip Dysplasia and Associated Conditions in Children Treated for Idiopathic Early-onset Scoliosis-Don't Just Look at the Spine

Background:Hip dysplasia, congenital muscular torticollis, plagiocephaly, and metatarsus adductus are known to be associated. The etiology of infantile idiopathic scoliosis and its association with the aforementioned conditions is unknown. This study reviews a series of infantile scoliosis patients
Reliability of the beam-splitter based Bell-state measurement

A linear 50-50 beam splitter, together with a coincidence measurement, has been widely used in quantum optical experiments, such as teleportation, dense coding, etc., for interferometrically distinguishing, measuring, or projecting onto one of the four two-photon polarization Bell states $|{\ensuremath{\psi}}^{(\ensuremath{-})}〉.$ In this paper, we demonstrate that the coincidence measurement at the output of a beam splitter cannot be used as an absolute identifier of the input state $|{\ensuremath{\psi}}^{(\ensuremath{-})}〉$ nor as an indication that the input photons have been projected to the $|{\ensuremath{\psi}}^{(\ensuremath{-})}〉$ state.
The War on Poverty Turns 50: Are We Winning Yet?

The War on Poverty is 50 years old. Over that time, federal and state governments have spent more than $19 trillion fighting poverty. But what have we really accomplished?Although far from conclusive, the evidence suggests that we have successfully reduced many of the deprivations of material poverty, especially in the early years of the War on Poverty. However, these efforts were more successful among socioeconomically stable groups such as the elderly than low-income groups facing other social problems. Moreover, other factors like the passage of the Civil Rights Act, the expansion of economic opportunities to African Americans and women, increased private charity, and general economic growth may all have played a role in whatever poverty reduction occurred.However, even if the War on Poverty achieved some initial success, the programs it spawned have long since reached a point of diminishing returns. In recent years we have spent more and more money on more and more programs, while realizing few, if any, additional gains. More important, the War on Poverty has failed to make those living in poverty independent or increase economic mobility among the poor and children. We may have made the lives of the poor less uncomfortable, but we have failed to truly lift people out of poverty.The failures of the War on Poverty should serve as an object lesson for policymakers today. Good intentions are not enough. We should not continue to throw money at failed programs in the name of compassion.
Quantitative lung morphology: semi-automated measurement of mean linear intercept

Quantifying morphologic changes is critical to our understanding of the pathophysiology of the lung. Mean linear intercept (MLI) measures are important in the assessment of clinically relevant pathology, such as emphysema. However, qualitative measures are prone to error and bias, while quantitative methods such as mean linear intercept (MLI) are manually time consuming. Furthermore, a fully automated, reliable method of assessment is nontrivial and resource-intensive. We propose a semi-automated method to quantify MLI that does not require specialized computer knowledge and uses a free, open-source image-processor (Fiji). We tested the method with a computer-generated, idealized dataset, derived an MLI usage guide, and successfully applied this method to a murine model of particulate matter (PM) exposure. Fields of randomly placed, uniform-radius circles were analyzed. Optimal numbers of chords to assess based on MLI were found via receiver-operator-characteristic (ROC)-area under the curve (AUC) analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) measured reliability. We demonstrate high accuracy (AUCROC > 0.8 for MLIactual > 63.83 pixels) and excellent reliability (ICC = 0.9998, p < 0.0001). We provide a guide to optimize the number of chords to sample based on MLI. Processing time was 0.03 s/image. We showed elevated MLI in PM-exposed mice compared to PBS-exposed controls. We have also provided the macros that were used and have made an ImageJ plugin available free for academic research use at https://med.nyu.edu/nolanlab. Our semi-automated method is reliable, equally fast as fully automated methods, and uses free, open-source software. Additionally, we quantified the optimal number of chords that should be measured per lung field.
A flexible parsing engine for Lindenmayer systems

This abstract introduces a new conceptual model for interpreting Lindenmayer System grammars in terms of attribute grammars and the associated parse tree structures. A Lindenmayer System (also known as an L-System) is a system of production rules to create character strings that may be interpreted as lines and curves, thus creating a graphical representation of the character string. L-Systems were invented by Aristad Lindenmayer [3] as a tool to describe the branching patterns of plants, and have gained much popularity in this vein for the use of creating graphical images for biological and visual realism purposes [1,2].
A global perspective? Framing analysis of U.S. textbooks’ discussion of Nigeria

Abstract Students are expected to develop the intellectual capacity needed to accurately portray other world societies. Few research studies in social studies education, however, draw on a systematic textbook analysis to investigate global perspectives on non-Western societies such as those found in African nations. Situated in framing theory, this study employs a qualitative content analysis approach to examine textual and visual curricular representations of non-Western societies framed in the content of four U.S. world history/cultures and geography textbooks by considering specifically how Nigeria, a very large, relatively wealthy and complex African nation, is represented. The results provide insights into curricular perspectives in U.S. classrooms about non-Western societies, particularly regarding national narratives. Deficit perspectives are the dominant frame so students are primed to construct social reality from the partial textual and visual information to which they are exposed in their classrooms. The findings indicate a lack of research by both textbook authors and publishers into the contents of the texts, which has the potential to negatively affect students’ construction of narratives and civic competence. This study contextualizes its results in visual literacy, cross-cultural behaviors, global perspectives, and attributes of global citizenship.
A Comparison of Two Sets of Nonbraille Elevator Symbols

Abstract: Two sets of nonbraille elevator symbols were compared to determine which set would be most appropriate for visually impaired and blind users of public elevators in California. One set was...
Autoimmune Encephalitis in the Intensive Care Unit

Autoimmune encephalitis is a rapid, progressive encephalopathy due to an autoimmune response directed against the brain parenchyma. It is associated with significant morbidity, often necessitating evaluation and treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU). Patient management centers on rapid diagnosis of the autoimmune encephalitis syndrome with careful assessment for other etiologies of acute encephalopathy, the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy, and the management of associated sequelae including status epilepticus, respiratory failure, elevated intracranial pressure, and dysautonomia.
The Relationship between Management Style, Performance Appraisal, and Employee Development of Selected Personnel from an Academic Institution.

The purpose of this study is to describe the management style, performance appraisal and employee development of selected personnel from an academic institution in Central Luzon, Philippines. The study used a descriptive-correlation research design with survey as the primary instrument for data gathering. 75 personnel took part in the survey with the use of convenience sampling technique. The researchers used an adapted and modified instrument to gather data. The instrument underwent a reliability test and generated an overall coefficient of .925. This study used SPSS 20 to analyze the data. The study found that the personnel agreed on the context of management style in the organization. They also shared the same response on how their performance appraisal works and how the organization plans for employee development. There is also a significant difference in performance appraisal and employee development when grouped according to years in service and employment status. In terms of relationship, there is a low moderate positive relationship between management style, performance appraisal and employee development. Based on the results of the study, the researchers presented some general recommendations for human resource management and for the institutions.
Evaluating Core Clerkships: Lessons Learned From Implementing a Student-Driven Feedback System for Clinical Curricula.

Problem Medical schools have implemented various ways to engage students in improving medical curricula. These systems, however, usually focus on the preclerkship curriculum, perhaps because medical students move through this phase of medical education synchronously, making it easier to collect student input. In contrast, clerkship and postclerkship curricula often lack similar levels of student engagement in program evaluation. Approach To increase communication among students, faculty, and administration during the clinical years of medical education, the Student Curricular Board (SCB) at the University of Illinois College of Medicine's Chicago campus (UICOM-Chicago) developed a student-driven feedback model in 2016 that aimed to parallel the system previously implemented in the preclerkship years. Interested fourth-year students were selected by their peers to represent individual core clerkships, and they communicated regularly with clerkship directors about concerns from current clerkship students. Third-year students applied and were selected to represent their cohort of peers moving through clerkship tracks. Proposed changes and improvements were tracked via novel, student-driven SOAP-Education (SOAP-Ed) progress notes written throughout the academic year. Outcomes In response to a program evaluation survey conducted after implementation of this pilot, third-year students said they felt that their feedback was taken seriously by faculty and administration. Furthermore, student feedback led to meaningful changes in core clerkship curricula and in the system used to gather clerkship feedback. Clerkship directors expressed appreciation for this partnership, and students said they gained valuable leadership experience and knowledge of curricular development. Next steps Current SCB members and curricular leadership plan to assess student and faculty perceptions of this system and its efficacy and to work toward expansion to all UICOM campuses. Lessons learned from this student-driven model of feedback in third-year core clerkships will likely add to the conversation on how to better engage medical students as active stakeholders in their own education.
Teleneuropsychology for Monolingual and Bilingual Spanish-Speaking Adults in the Time of COVID-19: Rationale, Professional Considerations, and Resources.

OBJECTIVE: Neuropsychological assessments with monolingual Spanish and bilingual Spanish/English-speaking adults present unique challenges. Barriers include, but are not limited to, the paucity of test norms, uncertainty about the equivalence of translated neuropsychological tests, and limited proficiency in the provision of culturally competent services. Similar issues generalize to telephone- and video-based administration of neuropsychological tests or teleneuropsychology (TeleNP) with Hispanics/Latinos (as), and few studies have examined its feasibility and validity in this group. The sudden onset of the COVID-19 pandemic prompted neuropsychologists to identify alternative ways to provide equitable care. Clinicians providing TeleNP to this population during (and after) the pandemic must consider safety, professional factors, and systemic barriers to accessing and benefitting from virtual modalities. METHOD: This clinical process manuscript describes how cross-cultural neuropsychologists across five U.S. academic institutions serving Hispanics/Latinos (as) developed TeleNP models of care during the pandemic. RESULTS: Workflows, test batteries, and resources for TeleNP assessment with monolingual and bilingual Spanish-speaking patients are included. Factors guiding model development and informing decisions to incorporate virtual administration of neuropsychological tests into their practice are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Provision of TeleNP is a promising modality. Additional research in this area is warranted with focus on cultural and contextual factors that support or limit the use of TeleNP with this community.
A Tale of Two Continents: Why Do Eastern European Males and American Females Excel at Water Polo?

In the sport of water polo, taller players are better offensively and defensively. A survey of the dominant male and female Olympic teams reveals that the best male players come from and play for Eastern Europe and the best female players tend to come from or play for the United States. In both cases, the question of access to the sport is pivotal. A brief history of the development of water polo is included.
Improved Computational Approaches and Heuristics for Zero Forcing

Zero forcing is a graph coloring process based on the following color change rule: all vertices of a graph G are initially colored either blue or white; in each timestep, a white vertex turns blue ...
What HaveWe Learned fromGWAS

The last 15 years have witnessed the development and application of well-powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS), an approach in which a large number of genetic markers across the entire genome are tested for association with complex phenotypes in large, unrelated cohorts. This approach has led to hundreds of bona fide and reproducible associations between genotype and phenotype in human populations, with additional studies poised to dramatically increase this number in the near term. In the midst of this discovery process, a retrospective pause is warranted to consider how the field has evolved and what practically has been learned over this short time period. The success of GWAS as an approach to uncover the biological basis for disease required a number of key innovations and developments, both methodologically and technologically. Once those hurdles had been overcome, a number of basic insights have been revealed about complex traits directly from GWAS, most notably regarding the polygenic architecture of complex disease, shared genetic susceptibility across ethnicities, and success discovering previously unknown biology underlying disease progression. The following chapter describes these and other insights learned along the way, with examples from trait analyses and empirical observation. I conclude with considerations for future expected experiments as GWAS leaves the phase of locus discovery to systematic epiphany over the biological underpinnings of complex traits in humans.
Anacleto. El tiempo y el don en una ruta del transporte público (Tijuana, México)

In Tijuana, at Mexico’s border with the United States, worn-out old buses connect the urban periphery with one of the busiest ports of entry in the world. These routes make up the lowest strata of the border’s system of mobility; in them, the imperative of capitalist mobility, which the border turns into a supreme value, takes exploitation to an extreme and makesfragile any incipient solidarity between workers. Amongst them, an impulse towards the “pure gift” emerges: the absolutely disinterested gift that can barely be recognized as such. This impulse takes shape in the contrast between different kinds of time; it manifests itself, importantly, in acts of linguistic communication, which appear as delicate and fleeting gifts.Focusing on the (non)relationship between the anthropologist and her main interlocutor, this essay uses the ethical complexities of the ethnographic exchange as a starting point for exploring the relationship between time, the gift and communication at the border.
Medicaid Waivers and Tenancy Supports for Individuals Experiencing Homelessness: Implementation Challenges in Four States.

Policy Points Medicaid policymakers have a growing interest in addressing homelessness as a social determinant of health and driver of the potentially avoidable use of expensive medical services. Drawing on extensive document reviews and in-depth interviews in four early-adopter states, we examined the implementation of Medicaid's Section 1115 demonstration waivers to test strategies to finance tenancy support services for persons experiencing or at risk of homelessness. CONTEXT The Affordable Care Act extended Medicaid eligibility to large numbers of individuals experiencing or at risk of homelessness. This legislative development and the growing recognition of homelessness as a significant social determinant of health have encouraged advocates and policymakers to seek new ways to use Medicaid to provide housing supports. METHODS We conducted 28 semistructured interviews with 36 stakeholders in four states. The stakeholders were government administrators, health care providers, nonprofit housing staff, and consultants. We supplemented these interviews with extensive reviews of public documents, media accounts, think-tank reports, and published literature. We also conducted a systematic inductive qualitative analysis. FINDINGS We identified seven challenges to the successful implementation of tenancy support demonstration projects: resolving the housing supply and NIMBY, removing silos between health care and homeless services providers, enrolling and retaining the target populations in Medicaid, contracting with and paying tenancy support providers, recruiting and retaining key workers, ensuring Medicaid's waiver durability, and reducing administrative crowd-out and waiver burden. CONCLUSIONS Notwithstanding these challenges, three of the four states have made significant progress in launching their initiatives. At this point, the fourth state has delayed its start-up to consider alternatives to a Medicaid demonstration waiver to provide tenancy supports. The experience of the four states suggests lessons for Medicaid officials in other jurisdictions that are interested in pursuing tenancy support initiatives. Nevertheless, the limitations of tenancy support waiver programs suggest that federal policymakers should consider allowing states to more directly subsidize housing costs for those experiencing or at risk of homelessness as an optional Medicaid benefit.
Predictive Pediatric Characteristics for Revision Tonsillectomy After Intracapsular Tonsillectomy

ObjectivesThere is little research on the rate and risk factors for revision tonsillectomy after primary intracapsular tonsillectomy. Our study aimed to determine the revision rate following intrac...
THE HIGH COST OF LOW SALARIES: STRONG REASONS FOR PAY EQUITY

Low salaries have both direct and indirect fiscal impact on libraries as well as on librarians. Low pay leads to high turnover which in turn leads to the extra costs of frequently recruiting and training new staff and revitalizing interrupted programs. To this must be added the cost of stress on low‐paid librarians which can increase absences and lower productivity. The profession as a whole loses revenue when librarians cannot afford to join professional organizations or attend conferences; their libraries bear the cost of Jess efficient services when librarians lack such valuable contacts with new ideas. A pay equity campaign to raise salaries can help mitigate these problems. Eliminating unnecessary costs makes good business sense.
Characterization of the autoreactive T cell repertoire in cyclosporin- induced syngeneic graft-versus-host disease: A highly conserved repertoire mediates autoaggression

Syngeneic graft-vs-host disease (SGVHD) is a MHC class II-restricted T cell-mediated autoimmune syndrome that occurs following syngeneic bone marrow transplantation and the administration of cyclosporin (CsA). The present studies evaluated the V beta repertoire of T lymphocytes that mediate SGVHD. To facilitate analysis, SGVHD effector cells were adoptively transferred into thymectomized syngeneic recipients reconstituted with T cell-depleted bone marrow to provide an environment that allows for the selective clonal expansion of autoreactive T cells. Analysis of target tissues and PBL by reverse transcriptase PCR using oligonucleotide V beta-specific primers revealed a predominance of V beta 8.5+ T cells and a minor population expressing V beta 10. The majority of infiltrating lymphocytes in target tissues was confirmed to be V beta 8.5+ by in situ hybridization and by immunoperoxidase staining. A small population of V beta 10+ cells could also be detected. Furthermore, SGVHD effector T splenocytes depleted of lymphocytes expressing either the TCR-alpha beta or the V beta 8.5 determinant could not adoptively transfer SGVHD. Depletion of T cells expressing the V beta 10 determinant delayed the onset of this autoaggression syndrome. Subset analysis of the autoreactive T cell compartment revealed that the V beta 8.5 determinant was expressed on both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes whereas the V beta 10 determinant was principally expressed on a minor population of CD4+ autoreactive T cells. These data were confirmed by limiting dilution analysis. Additional studies examining the effect of CsA on thymic differentiation revealed that although V beta 8.5 is not normally clonally deleted, there was a pronounced shift in the expression of this determinant between CD4 and CD8 single positive thymocytes, suggesting that CsA may inhibit normal positive selection processes for MHC class I and class II reactive T cells.
The effects of concurrent administration of cytochrome P-450 inhibitors on the pharmacokinetics of oral methadone in healthy dogs.

Abstract Objective The objective was to examine the effects of inhibiting cytochrome P450 (CYP) on the pharmacokinetics of oral methadone in dogs. Study design Prospective non-randomized experimental trial. Animals Six healthy Greyhounds (three male and three female). Methods The study was divided into two phases. Oral methadone (mean = 2.1 mg kg −1 PO) was administered as whole tablets in Phase 1. In Phase 2 oral methadone (2.1 mg kg −1 PO) was administered concurrently with ketoconazole (13.0 mg kg −1 PO q 24 hours), chloramphenicol (48.7 mg kg −1 PO q 12 hours), fluoxetine (1.3 mg kg −1 PO q 24 hours), and trimethoprim (6.5 mg kg −1 PO q 24 hours). Blood was obtained for analysis of methadone plasma concentrations by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. The maximum plasma concentration ( C max ), time to C max ( T max ), and the area under the curve from time 0 to the last measurable time point above the limit of quantification of the analytical assay (AUC 0–LAST ) were compared statistically. Results The C max of methadone was significantly different ( p = 0.016) for Phase 1 (5.5 ng mL −1 ) and Phase 2 (171.9 ng mL −1 ). The AUC 0–LAST was also significantly different ( p = 0.004) for Phase 1 (13.1 hour ng mL −1 ) and Phase 2 (3075.2 hour ng mL −1 ). Conclusion and clinical relevance Concurrent administration of CYP inhibitors with methadone significantly increased the area under the curve and plasma concentrations of methadone after oral administration to dogs. Further studies are needed assessing more clinically relevant combinations of methadone and CYP inhibitors.
Bone and Mineral Metabolism

Background: Leptin controls bone formation through sympathetic signaling via 2-adrenergic receptors (Adrb2) present on osteoblasts. The aim of the study was to investigate bone metabolism in Adrb2 null mice. Methods: Osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and maturation were studied in Adrb2 null mice. The cellular cascade that lies between Adrb2 receptors and Rankl expression was investigated. The role of low leptin ‘tone’ and low estrogen levels on bone metabolism were studied in Adrb2 / ovariectomized mice, as compared to ob/ob mice that present low leptin ‘tone’ and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Results: By analyzing Adrb2-deficient mice, the authors show that the sympathetic nervous system favors bone resorption by increasing expression in osteoblast progenitor cells of the osteoclast differentiation factor Rankl. This sympathetic function requires phosphorylation (by protein kinase A) of ATF4, a cellspecific CREB-related transcription factor essential for osteoblast differentiation and function. Bone resorption is not increased in gonadectomized Adrb2-deficient mice. This contrasts sharply with the increase in bone resorption characterizing another hypogonadal mouse with low sympathetic tone, the ob/ob mouse. This discrepancy is explained, in part, by the fact that CART (‘cocaine amphetamineregulated transcript’), a neuropeptide whose expression is controlled by leptin and nearly abolished in ob/ob mice, inhibits bone resorption by modulating Rankl expression. Conclusion: This study establishes that leptin-regulated neural pathways control both aspects of bone remodeling, and demonstrates that integrity of sympathetic signaling is necessary for the increase in bone resorption caused by gonadal failure.
Vortex Lines in Non-Uniform Flows

We present the results of simulations of superfluid vortex filaments in a range of normal fluid flows, from simple laminar pipe flow to a complex three-dimensional flow with multiple vortex structures. Superfluid vorticity and velocity distributions in these simulations are formed with a close correspondence to the normal fluid vorticity and velocity. We have derived simple, general rules from these simulations that predict if a given flow will develop a superfluid velocity field that matches the normal fluid velocity.
Improved production and processing of 89Zr using a solution target

Abstract Objective The objectives of the present work were to improve the cyclotron production yield of 89Zr using a solution target, develop a practical synthesis of the hydroxamate resin used to process the target, and develop a biocompatible medium for 89Zr elution from the hydroxamate resin. Methods A new solution target (BMLT-2) with enhanced heat dissipation capabilities was designed by using helium-cooled dual foils (0.2 mm Al and 25 μ Havar) and an enhanced water-cooled, elongated solution cavity in the target insert. Irradiations were performed with 14 MeV protons on a 2 M solution of yttrium nitrate in 1.25 M nitric acid at 40-μA beam current for 2 h in a closed system. Zirconium-89 was separated from Y by use of a hydroxamate resin. A one-pot synthesis of hydroxamate resin was accomplished by activating the carboxylate groups on a carboxymethyl cation exchange resin using methyl chloroformate followed by reaction with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. After trapping of 89Zr on hydroxamate resin and rinsing the resin with HCl and water to release Y, 89Zr was eluted with 1.2 M K2HPO4/KH2PO4 buffer (pH 3.5). ICP-MS was used to measure metal contaminants in the final 89Zr solution. Results The BMLT-2 target produced 349 ± 49 MBq (9.4 ± 1.2 mCi) of 89Zr at the end of irradiation with a specific activity of 1.18 ± 0.79 GBq/μg. The hydroxamate resin prepared using the new synthesis method showed a trapping efficiency of 93% with a 75 mg resin bed and 96–97% with a 100–120 mg resin bed. The elution efficiency of 89Zr with 1.2 M K2HPO4/KH2PO4 solution was found to be 91.7 ± 3.7%, compared to > 95% for 1 M oxalic acid. Elution with phosphate buffer gave very small levels of metal contaminants: Al = 0.40–0.86 μg (n = 2), Fe = 1.22 ± 0.71 μg (n = 3), Y = 0.29 μg (n = 1). Conclusions The BMLT-2 target allowed doubling of the beam current for production of 89Zr, resulting in a greater than 2-fold increase in production yield in comparison with a conventional liquid target. The new one-pot synthesis of hydroxamate resin provides a simpler synthesis method for the 89Zr trapping resin. Finally, phosphate buffer elutes the 89Zrfrom the hydroxamate resin in high efficiency while at the same time providing a more biocompatible medium for subsequent use of 89Zr.
Stem Cell Research and the Law

Human embryonic stem cell research raises a raft of legal issues that cut across substantive areas of law. This paper categorizes and analyzes issues concerning the regulation of research, patent protection for stem cell innovations, informed consent of research subjects, and property rights in human tissue. Each part attempts to identify the most important and salient legal issues for researchers and policy makers, describe the current state of the law, and critically analyze that law.
Gene Coexpression Networks in Human Brain Developmental Transcriptomes Implicate the Association of Long Noncoding RNAs with Intellectual Disability

The advent of next-generation sequencing for genetic diagnoses of complex developmental disorders, such as intellectual disability (ID), has facilitated the identification of hundreds of predisposing genetic variants. However, there still exists a vast gap in our knowledge of causal genetic factors for ID as evidenced by low diagnostic yield of genetic screening, in which identifiable genetic causes are not found for the majority of ID cases. Most methods of genetic screening focus on protein-coding genes; however, noncoding RNAs may outnumber protein-coding genes and play important roles in brain development. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) specifically have been shown to be enriched in the brain and have diverse roles in gene regulation at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. LncRNAs are a vastly uncharacterized group of noncoding genes, which could function in brain development and harbor ID-predisposing genetic variants. We analyzed lncRNAs for coexpression with known ID genes and affected biological pathways within a weighted gene coexpression network derived from RNA-sequencing data spanning human brain development. Several ID-associated gene modules were found to be enriched for lncRNAs, known ID genes, and affected biological pathways. Utilizing a list of de novo and pathogenic copy number variants detected in ID probands, we identified lncRNAs overlapping these genetic structural variants. By integrating our results, we have made a prioritized list of potential ID-associated lncRNAs based on the developing brain gene coexpression network and genetic structural variants found in ID probands.
Learning from Bad Teachers: The Neoliberal Agenda for Education in Popular Media

This paper examines representations of the neoliberal agenda for education in a recent school genre film, Bad Teacher (2011) and an episode of The Simpsons (2009). I argue that the explicit and implicit messages in these cultural products simultaneously shape, reinforce, and normalize contemporary popular discourses of education. As public pedagogy, Hollywood films are the primary sites where education takes place in contemporary times (Giroux & Pollock, 2010). Rather than dismissing these films for their face value messages, I propose we critically analyze them to understand how the neoliberal project is naturalized within films and television shows as capitalist realism. As teacher educators, it is crucial that we critically read these films with our students to identify and counter the subtle messages in films informed by the neoliberal agenda for education.
Implications of Successful Career Paths of Top Local Government Finance Managers

Little is known about successful local government financial management careers and their implications for organizations. This study identifies three levels of career success—top managers, aspirants, and the plateaued status—and how these groups differ on important personal and professional characteristics. Findings reveal that top managers differ in important ways from aspirants and the plateaued. Furthermore, top managers hired from outside the organization pay more attention to the financial viability of the organization and are more willing to innovate financially than those promoted from within. Results have implications for professionals, their employing organizations, educators, and the ethics of government finance.
1‐Pentynylcopper(I)–Hexamethylphosphorous Triamide

[67840-54-4] C17H43CuN6P2 (MW 457.15) InChI = 1S/2C6H18N3P.C5H7.Cu/c2*1-7(2)10(8(3)4)9(5)6;1-3-5-4-2;/h2*1-6H3;3,5H2,1H3; InChIKey = UWWXKOASUKIFSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (freely soluble, nontransferable ‘dummy’ ligand employed in mixed lithioorganocuprates2) Physical Data: clear solution in ether (also see entries for 1-Pentynylcopper(I) and Hexamethylphosphorous Triamide). Solubility: sol ether, THF at −78 °C. Preparative Methods: addition of P(NMe2)3 (HMPT) to pentynylcopper in ether or THF at 25 °C.2 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: all copper(I) acetylides are potentially explosive when dry. Use in a fume hood.
Occupational matching into science and technology jobs—gender-based differences

Policy to remedy gender disparities in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) occupations in the US have typically focused on educational achievements. However, an analysis of mid-career STEM workers reveals that significant gender-based differences exist in the role that education and other factors play in occupational matching.
The National Space Biomedical Research Institute's education and public outreach program: Working toward a global 21st century space exploration society

Abstract Space Exploration educators worldwide are confronting challenges and embracing opportunities to prepare students for the global 21st century workforce. The National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI), established in 1997 through a NASA competition, is a 12-university consortium dedicated to space life science research and education. NSBRI's Education and Public Outreach Program (EPOP) is advancing the Institute's mission by responding to global educational challenges through activities that: provide teacher professional development; develop curricula that teach students to communicate with their peers across the globe; provide women and minority US populations with greater access to, and awareness of science careers; and promote international science education partnerships. A recent National Research Council (NRC) Space Studies Board Report, America's Future in Space: Aligning the Civil Program with National Needs, acknowledges that “a capable workforce for the 21st century is a key strategic objective for the US space program… (and that) US problems requiring best efforts to understand and resolve…are global in nature and must be addressed through mutual worldwide action”. [1] This sentiment has gained new momentum through a recent National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) report, which recommends that the life of the International Space Station be extended beyond the planned 2016 termination. [2] The two principles of globalization and ISS utility have elevated NSBRI EPOP efforts to design and disseminate science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) educational materials that prepare students for full participation in a globalized, high technology society; promote and provide teacher professional development; create research opportunities for women and underserved populations; and build international educational partnerships. This paper describes select EPOP projects and makes the case for using innovative, emerging information technologies to transfer space exploration knowledge to students, engage educators from across the globe in discourse about science curricula, and foster multimedia collaborations that inform citizens about the benefits of space exploration for life on Earth. Special references are made to educational activities conducted at professional meetings in Austria, Canada, France, China, Greece, Italy, Russia, Scotland and Spain.
Strict minimizers for geometric optimization

We introduce the idea of strict minimizers for geometric distortion measures used in shape interpolation, deformation, parametrization, and other applications involving geometric mappings. The L∞-norm ensures the tightest possible control on the worst-case distortion. Unfortunately, it does not yield a unique solution and does not distinguish between solutions with high or low distortion below the maximum. The strict minimizer is a minimal L∞-norm solution, which always prioritizes higher distortion reduction. We propose practical algorithms for computing strict minimizers. We also offer an efficient algorithm for L∞ optimization based on the ARAP energy. This algorithm can be used on its own or as a building block for an ARAP strict minimizer. We demonstrate that these algorithms lead to significant improvements in quality.
An Indirect Boundary Integral Equation Applied to Nonshallow Spherical Shell Problems With Arbitrary Boundary Constraints

The fundamental singular solutions of a complete elastic spherical shell are utilized and, via the superposition principle, an indirect boundary integral equation is formulated. The singular solutions correspond to the action of normal point loads, concentrated tangential loads, and surface moments which apply in a self-equilibrating fashion over the spherical surface. A set of fictitious load vectors is introduced along the boundary line which, together with the prescribed surface traction, is required to satisfy the constraints at the boundary
An energy-optimal algorithm for neighbor discovery in wireless sensor networks

We consider sensor networks in which individual nodes with on-board sensing and low-power transmitters and receivers establish connections with neighboring nodes. The overall objective is to enable energy-efficient data communication, relayed between arbitrary nodes on the network. We develop a distributed algorithm which minimizes the power required for neighbor discovery.Initially nodes do not have deterministic knowledge of the location of their neighbors, and we model the distribution of the nodes as a two-dimensional Poisson process with known intensity. This corresponds to a situation in which a large number of nodes are randomly distributed over a given area. The process of neighbor discovery is modeled as a Markov decision process, and the resulting control policy is a finite automaton, driven by the underlying probability distribution, that minimizes the average power consumed. This policy can be computed offline and stored in each node with very low requirements for online memory and processor capability.
Teens on the telephone

Analyses teen phone behaviour – regarding conversational skills among some boys with girls. Reveals some interesting household co‐ordination and parental supervision issues around the use of the telephone. Concludes that, as there is an advance in technology, more and more services will be used creatively to resolve conflict between social control and monitoring and individual identity.
X-ray photoelectron spectra of aryldiazo derivatives of transition metals

Abstract The X-ray photoelectron spectra of singly bent, doubly bent, and protonated doubly bent aryldiazonium complexes have been obtained and show that the RN2 ligand is highly reduced. The correlation observed between binding energies and structure of the MN2R moiety permit the assignment of the N(1s) photopeaks.
Protection for Whom

Once a debtor becomes financially distressed, conflict among creditors can occur, leading to an inefficient liquidation of the debtor. We argue that bankruptcy law is intended to protect creditors from one another. In the absence of a bankruptcy system, creditors generally find individual debt-collection remedies privately optimal, even though a coordinated liquidation would increase the total value of the firm's assets that could be distributed to the creditors as a group.
Crossover Time Behavior in a+b⃗c And a+2b⃗c Reaction-Diffusion Front Systems in a Capillary

The crossover time from the early-time regime to the asymptotic regime for the A+B+C reaction-diffusion system with initially separated reactants has been derived analytically by matching the rate expressions for the two regimes. The crossover time expression thus obtained shows an explicit dependence on the rate constant ( k ) and the initial reactant concentrations (a o , b o ). For the A+2BC system we performed computer simulations using two different methods. Crossover behaviors for the global reaction rate and reaction front width have been observed for both methods. The crossover time depends on the mechanism of the reaction.
Solid-state NMR and EPR analysis of carbon-doped titanium dioxide photocatalysts (TiO2−xCx)

Abstract Carbon-doped TiO 2 have received attention recently because of their potential for environmental photocatalysis and solar hydrogen conversion applications. Three different carbon-doped TiO 2 nanoparticle materials were synthesized via sol–gel and hydrothermal procedures, and analyzed by 13 C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) and other methods to characterize the environment of the doping species. UV/vis spectra and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that the synthesized materials absorbed visible light and their crystal structures corresponded to anatase. 13 C SSNMR analyses of TiO 2− x C x displayed signals corresponding to carbonate-type or sp 2 -type carbon species. Variable contact CP-MAS and dipolar dephasing analyses gave evidence for the presence and proximity of H atoms near these carbonate species. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy showed that the thermally oxidized TiO 2− x C x displayed a complex mixture of point defects, electron and hole trapping centers, all attributable to the incorporation of carbon, while the XPS data ruled out the presence of carbide species.
Association between the metabolic syndrome and serum cortisol in overweight Latino youth.

Objective: The purpose of this report is to investigate the associations between metabolic syndrome (MS) and levels of morning serum cortisol in a cohort of overweight Latino youth. Design: Subjects were 205 overweight, Latino youth (age 8–13 yr, body mass index percentile > 85, family history positive for type 2 diabetes). Measures included body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, intraabdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) by magnetic resonance imaging, insulin sensitivity by frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test/minimal model, fasting lipids, and serum cortisol. Results: Children with MS had higher body mass index percentile, total body fat mass, and IAAT and lower insulin sensitivity than those without MS. Children with MS had higher morning serum cortisol levels, whether unadjusted (10.1 ± 3.7 vs. 9.0 ± 2.8 μg/dl, P < 0.05) or after adjusting for age, gender, total body fat and lean tissue mass, and insulin sensitivity (10.4 ± 0.4 vs. 8.9 ± 0.3 μg/dl, P < 0.01). Increasing number of feat...
Chromium speciation in rainwater: Temporal variability and atmospheric deposition

The concentrations of the various chromium species were determined in 89 rainwater samples collected in Wilmington, NC, from October 1, 1999, to December 31, 2001. Volume-weighted annual average concentrations of Crtotal, particulate Cr, Cr(III)(aq), and Cr(VI)(aq) were 4.6, 2.2, 0.8, and 1.2 nM, respectively. There was distinct seasonal and diurnal variability in the concentrations of the various chromium species. Chromium emissions to the global atmosphere by both natural and anthropogenic sources are estimated to be 2.2 × 109 mol/yr. Using our rainwater concentration data along with other published rainwater Cr concentrations and an estimate for total global annual rain, the total global flux of chromium removed from the atmosphere via wet deposition is 2.1 × 109 mol/yr. This represents complete removal of Cr and indicates that essentially all chromium released into the global atmosphere is removed via rain. About half this chromium is dissolved with roughly equal concentrations of toxic Cr(VI) and rel...
On optimum MIMO signaling for antenna selection and interference

Maximum system mutual information is considered for a group of interfering users employing single user detection and antenna selection of multiple transmit and receive antennas for flat Rayleigh fading channels with independent fading coefficients for each path. The case considered is that where there is very limited channel state information at the transmitter, but channel state information is assumed at the receiver. The focus is on extreme cases with very weak interference or very strong interference. It is shown that the optimum signaling covariance matrix is sometimes different from the standard scaled identity matrix. In fact this is true even for cases without interference if SNR is sufficiently weak. Further the scaled identity matrix is actually that covariance matrix that yields worst performance if the interference is sufficiently strong.
The application of perpendicularly superposed magnetic fields

The high permeabilities combined with high resistivities of recently developed ferrites makes practical a number of saturable reactor devices whose operation is based on the superposition of perpendicular fields. This paper presents a core configuration whereby the two perpendicular fields can be superposed and a number of applications for this type of reactor. Of particular interest is a perpendicular field low-level modulator.
New technologies for imaging of Barrett's esophagus.

Several important endoscopic imaging modalities have recently been approved for use and are commercially available. This chapter briefly reviews these developments and the implication for patients with Barrett’s esophagus, especially advanced dysplasia and mucosal carcinoma. Important developments in biophotonics have been moving from the experiment laboratory to the gastrointestinal endoscopy unit. Narrow band imaging, auto-fluorescence, confocal fluorescent microscopy, spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography are reviewed. Unresolved issues for most of these technologies include regulatory approval, commercial availability and demonstration of clinical utility. This chapter reviews recent developments in endoscopy-based imaging modalities in patients with Barrett’s esophagus.
Blacks in Colonial America

This is a history of Africans in colonial America, from the slaves who worked on the earliest plantations to the free blacks. It thoroughly discusses the circumstances of their arrival in the New World (blacks were treated far differently from white servants), and the living conditions of both slaves--work, health care, food, housing, family life and other elements--and free blacks.
Design and control of coupled reactor/column systems—Part 1. A binary coupled reactor/rectifier system

Abstract This is the first in a series of papers that explore the challenging problems associated with the design and control of coupled reactor/column systems. The individual unit operations of distillation and reaction have been widely studied, but processes in which these units are coupled remain virtually unexplored in the literature. In this paper we study the simpliest possible coupled system in which component A reacts reversibly to form product B. In this binary system, component B is more volatile, so the process consists of a rectifying column sitting above a continuous stirred-tank reactor. Vapor from the reactor passes directly into the column. Subsequent papers will present results for systems with different volatilities and multicomponent reactions, which require much more complex process flowsheets, i.e. multiple columns and recycle streams. Some interesting and unexpected results were uncovered in this simple process. In the area of steadystate design we show that, in addition to having a minimum reflux ratio and a minimum number of trays, there exists a minimum reactor volume below which the process is infeasible for a specified product purity. In the area of dynamics and control, we show that the effective openloop (with level loops closed) stability of this system depends on the inventory control structure chosen. Multiple steadystates can occur. The best control scheme was one in which reactor temperature was not controlled.