cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of the central nucleus of the amygdala blocks classical conditioning but not conditioning-specific reflex modification of rabbit heart rate

Heart rate (HR) conditioning in rabbits is a widely used model of classical conditioning of autonomic responding that is noted for being similar to the development of conditioned heart rate slowing (bradycardia) in humans. We have shown previously that in addition to HR changes to a tone conditioned stimulus (CS), the HR reflex itself can undergo associative change called conditioning-specific reflex modification (CRM) that manifests when tested in the absence of the CS. Because CRM resembles the conditioned bradycardic response to the CS, we sought to determine if HR conditioning and CRM share a common neural substrate. The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is a critical part of the pathway through which conditioned bradycardia is established. To test whether the CeA is also involved in the acquisition and/or expression of CRM, we inactivated the CeA with muscimol during HR conditioning or CRM testing. CeA inactivation blocked HR conditioning without completely preventing CRM acquisition or expression. These results suggest that the CeA may therefore only play a modulatory role in CRM. Theories on the biological significance of conditioned bradycardia suggest that it may represent a state of hypervigilance that facilitates the detection of new and changing contingencies in the environment. We relate these ideas to our results and discuss how they may be relevant to the hypersensitivity observed in fear conditioning disorders like post-traumatic stress.
Sporadic primary malignant intracerebral nerve sheath tumors: case report and literature review

We report the case of a seventy-five year old woman with a sporadic primary malignant intracerebral nerve sheath tumor (MINST). These tumors fall within the spectrum of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) but confirming the diagnosis of a MINST can be difficult due to its rarity and unusual intraparenchymal location. Radiographically, MINST’s mimic malignant glioma and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of enhancing cerebral lesions. In this report, we present a comprehensive panel of histological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and genetic considerations that may be used to diagnosis MINST based on their similarities to MPNSTs and brain parenchyma location.
Cosgrove-Edwards Annuloplasty System: midterm results

Abstract Background . The Cosgrove-Edwards Annuloplasty System includes a universally flexible band that corrects mitral annular dilatation via measured plication of the posterior annulus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate midterm clinical and functional results in the first 197 patients receiving this flexible annuloplasty band at mitral valve repair. Methods . From February 1993 to July 1994, 197 consecutive patients with mitral regurgitation had mitral valve repair using this system. Valve disease was degenerative in 73%, rheumatic in 15%, ischemic in 5%, infectious in 2.5%, and other in 4%. Results . Immediately after repair, echocardiographic mitral regurgitation was none or trivial in 92%, 1+ in 5%, and 2+ in 3%. There were no hospital deaths. Late follow-up was available in 195 patients (99%), with 661 patient-years of follow-up available for analysis. Four-year actuarial survival was 93%, freedom from thromboembolism 94%, from endocarditis 98%, and from reoperation 95%. At a mean interval of 18 months, echocardiography in 157 patients demonstrated no or trace mitral regurgitation in 56%, 1+ in 24%, 2+ in 9%, 3+ in 6%, and 4+ in 3%. At a mean of 61 ± 5 months, reconstruction of the mitral annulus from real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic images in 10 patients confirmed preserved nonplanar shape and sphincter mechanism of the mitral annulus. Annular orifice area decreased 28% ± 11% during the cardiac cycle from a mean of 10.1 ± 3.9 cm 2 in diastole to 7.2 ± 2.8 cm 2 in systole. Conclusions . This annuloplasty system is effective for repair of mitral regurgitation secondary to all causes and preserves mitral annular flexibility and function at 5-year follow-up.
Influence of structure on the isomerization of dialkylaminoalkylbenzotriazoles

The N-1 to N-2 substituent isomerization in a series of 4-methyl and 4,7-dimethyl-N-(α-morpholinoalkyl)benzotriazoles and in 1,5-bis(morpholinomethyl)benzo [1,2-d:4,5-d′] bistriazole was studied and the influence of the structure on this process was evaluated.
Hydrothermal interaction of Topopah Spring tuff with J-13 water as a function of temperature

In support of the Nevada Nuclear Waste Storage Investigations Project experiments were conducted to study the hydrothermal interaction of rock and water representative of a potential repository in tuff. These experiments provided data relevant to near-field repository conditions that can be used to: assess the ability to use accelerated tests based on the SA/V (surface area/volume) parameter and temperature; allow the measurement of chemical changes in phases present in the tuff before reaction as well as the identification and chemical analysis of secondary phases resulting from hydrothermal reactions; and demonstrate the usefulness of geochemical modeling in a repository environment using the EQ3/6 thermodynamic/kinetic geochemical modeling code. Crushed tuff and polished wafers of tuff were reacted with a natural ground water in Dickson-type gold-cell rocking autoclaves which were periodically sampled under in-situ conditions. Results were compared with predictions based on the EQ3/6 geochemical modeling code. Eight short-term experiments (2 to 3 months) at 150{sup 0}C and 250{sup 0}C have been completed using tuff from both drillcore and outcrop. Long-term experiments at 90{sup 0}C and 150{sup 0}C using drillcore polished wafers are in progress. This paper will focus on the results of the 150{sup 0}C and 250{sup 0}C experiments using drill core polished wafers. 11 references, 4 figures.
Spectral noise and vocal roughness relationships in adults with laryngeal pathology

Twenty adult males, presenting laryngeal pathology, each produced five vowels and two sentences for tape recording. Individual recordings were then rated for roughness on a 5-point equal-appearing intervals scale. Each vowel production was also analyzed spectrographically. High, positive correlations (multiple r) were obtained between vowel spectral noise measures (dB SPL) and median roughness ratings for the vowels and sentences. The findings, similar to those previously reported for subjects without pathology, suggest that the relationships shown are independent of laryngeal health. Vowel spectral noise measures appear to provide a useful quantitative index of vocal roughness in vowels and connected speech.
Functional foods: Consumer willingness to compromise on taste for health?

This study investigates socio-demographic and attitudinal determinants of consumer willingness to compromise on taste for health in the specific case of the functional foods category. Cross-sectional consumer data were collected in Belgium from two socio-demographically comparable samples in 2001 and 2004 using a similar research method with personal interviews. Results show that the gap between acceptance of good versus worse tasting functional foods has widened significantly from 2001 to 2004. Whereas females and elderly were more ready to compromise on taste for health in 2001, any socio-demographic differences faded away in 2004. Health benefit belief from functional foods emerges as the strongest positive determinant of willingness to compromise on taste, but both its level and its predictive power on willingness to compromise on taste decreased over time. During the data collection interval, the perceived importance of food for health increased significantly. All evolutions combined are indicative for decreasing unconditional acceptance of functional foods, especially on taste, and a lower conviction that functional foods can constitute a part of a healthy and tasteful diet among a large majority of consumers. The conclusion is that counting on consumer willingness to compromise on the taste of functional foods for health is a highly speculative and risky strategic option.
Sustaining Islamic bioethics research

Background: The groundbreaking activities that were enabled and facilitated by an NPRP research grant (Islamic Medical and Scientific Ethics, NPRP No. 08-783-6-017) to build a comprehensive collection of scholarly resources on Islamic bioethics have transformed the original proposal and slowly succeeded in creating a research culture that brought local, regional, and international attention to the project and its resources as an important hub for Islamic bioethics research. These activities include: development of a multilingual collection, which is catalogued, indexed, and maintained by the project team; development of an information retrieval system that enables fast and accurate searching capabilities of the stored bibliographic information; supporting collaborative initiatives with local, regional, and international stakeholders; envisioning further research opportunities that expand the scope of the project beyond bibliographic research into topical research projects and comprehensive reference works, which inspired another three-year research proposal to compile the world's first Encyclopedia of Islamic Bioethics and which has been accepted and awarded at the QNRF's Fifth Cycle in May 2012 (NPRP No. 5-1390-6-043) . These efforts have recently culminated in the successful organization of an international conference on Islamic bioethics, which brought together some of the most prominent experts of Islamic bioethics both in the West and in the Muslim world, which was held in June 2012 in Doha. Objectives: The presentation aims to show the different dimensions of the Islamic bioethics research project with a special focus on the important aspects that ensure smooth and effective transition from one level of the research process to another. More particularly, the presentation seeks to highlight the importance of maintaining a long-term vision, which inspires short-term and periodical objectives. Methods: the presentation will address these dimensions of the project: - Planning and revision - Bibliographic component - Research component - Workflow and team-building component - Dissemination and outreach component Results and Conclusions: The presentation will share the most important results that the project achieved in the first phase as well as preparations for the following phase with a special focus on the challenges that the project team encountered as well as the important lessons gained in the process.
Normal acid behavior for C(α)-proton transfer from a thiazolium lon

Abstract Rate constants for C(α)-proton transfer from racemic 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-3,4-dimethylthi-oazolium ion catalyzed by lyoxide ion and various oxygen-containing and amine buffers were determined by iodination at 25°C and ionic strength 1.0 m in H2O. Thermodynamically unfavorable C(α)-proton transfer to oxygen-containing and amine bases shows general base catalysis with a Bronsted β value of ≥0.92 for bases of pKa′ ≤ 15; this indicates that the thermodynamically favorable protonation reaction in the reverse direction has a Bronsted α value ≤0.08, which is consistent with diffusion-controlled reprotonation of the C(α)-enamine by most acids. General base catalysis is detectable because there is an 85-fold negative deviation from the Bronsted correlation by hydroxide ion. Primary kinetic isotope effects of ( k H k D ) obsd = 1.0 for thermodynamically unfavorable proton transfer to buffer bases and hydroxide ion (ΔpKa ≤ −6) and a secondary solvent isotope effect of k DO − k HO − = 2.3 for C(α)-proton transfer are consistent with a very late, enamine-like transition state and rate-limiting diffusional separation of buffer acids from the C(α)-enamine in the rate-limiting step, as expected for a “normal” acid. The second-order rate constants for catalysis by buffer bases were used to calculate a pKa′ of 21.8 for the C(α)-proton assuming a rate constant of 3 × 109 m −1 s−1 for the diffusion-controlled reprotonation of the C(α)-enamine by buffer acids in the reverse direction. It is concluded (i) that C(α)-proton removal occurs at the maximum possible rate for a given equilibrium constant, and (ii) that C(α)-enamines can have a significant lifetime in aqueous solution and on thiamin diphosphate-dependent enzymes.
Karyopherin β3: a new cellular target for the HPV-16 E5 oncoprotein

Epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the causative agents of cervical cancer worldwide, and that HPV-16 is associated with more than half of these cases. In addition to the well-characterized E6 and E7 oncoproteins of HPV-16, recent evidence increasingly has implicated the HPV-16 E5 protein (16E5) as an important mediator of oncogenic transformation. Since 16E5 has no known intrinsic enzymatic activity, its effects on infected cells are most likely mediated by interactions with various cellular proteins and/or its documented association with lipid rafts. In the present study, we describe a new cellular target that binds to 16E5 in COS cells and in stable human ectocervical cell lines. This target is karyopherin β3, a member of the nuclear import receptor family with critical roles in the nuclear import of ribosomal proteins and in the secretory pathway.
Three dimensional waveguide fabrication in PMMA using femtosecond laser micromachining system

Femtosecond lasers have been widely used for the micro structuring of transparent materials for a wide range of applications. The local change in refractive index by the irradiation of laser pulse has been exploited for optical applications ranging from optical data storage to the fabrication of waveguides and couplers. In this work, a Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser (800nm, ~150 fs and 1 kHz) is used for the fabrication of three dimensional (3D) waveguides in thick PMMA substrates. The femtosecond laser microfabrication (FLM) system consists of the laser and three translational (X, Y and Z) stages and one rotational controlled motorized stages. The coordinated motion of these four stages can be used to generate desired three dimensional pattern inside the transparent material due to refractive index modification. This work will present the design of 3D waveguide using commercially available solid modeler, the generation of motion control codes using a customized post processor and the writing of the developed pattern. Also, control of the laser process parameters to obtain desired feature quality by minimizing self-focusing and self-trapping in PMMA is discussed. This FLM system along with the 4-axis machining capability can be effectively used for the fabrication of complex 3D waveguide circuits in a single step process.
Regime-switching stochastic volatility: Evidence from the crude oil market

This paper incorporates regime-switching into the stochastic volatility (SV) framework in an attempt to explain the behavior of crude oil prices in order to forecast their volatility. More specifically, it models the volatility of oil return as a stochastic volatility process whose mean is subject to shifts in regime. The shift is governed by a two-state first-order Markov process. The Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo method is used to estimate the models. The main findings are: first, there is clear evidence of regime-switching in the oil market. Ignoring it will lead to a false impression that the volatility is highly persistent and therefore highly predictable. Second, incorporating regime-switching into the SV framework significantly enhances the forecasting power of the SV model. Third, the regime-switching stochastic volatility model does a good job in capturing major events affecting the oil market.
Following the Cycle: Finally, a Transgenic Mouse to Sort Live Replicating Cells

Studies of the mammalian cell cycle in vivo have been hampered by the lack of pure populations of proliferating cells. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Klochendler and colleagues (2012) develop a novel transgenic mouse that expresses Cyclin B1-GFP ubiquitously. By sorting and analyzing proliferating hepatocytes, they provide evidence for their transient dedifferentiation.
Beyond the norm: A speculative model of self-realization.

This paper sets forth a model for understanding what we consider to be the full actualization of human nature. We have followed the lead of such psychological theorists as Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, Roberto Assagioli, Sidney Jourard, et al., who, in reaction to half a century of personality theory based on the study of psychopathology, have called for and developed new models to explore human potentialities beyond the conventional norm. Our model owes much to these theorists and incorporates many of their ideas. What marks it off from its predecessors, though, is that it presents self-realization as a subjective system, that is to say, as a set of features that are internally related to each other by virtue of the fact that they have their source in a single, common experience. Self-realization, we believe, is first and foremost a way of seeing, a mode of perception. Our aim in this paper has been to show how the most important characteristics of the realized individual emerge from this perception of the world and cohere as its essentially related ramifications. Self-realization is born and matures in a distinctive kind of awareness, an awareness that has been described in many different ways by many different people. The mystics, for example, have spoken of it as the perception of the divinity and perfection of the world. Richard Bucke referred to it as cosmic consciousness;1 Buber described it in terms of the I-thou relationship;2 and Mas low gave it the label "Being-cognition."3 We shall use Ouspensky's term and call it Hie perception of the miraculous.4 "Miraculous" here refers not only to extra ordinary phenomena but also to the commonplace, for absolutely anything can evoke this special awareness provided that close enough attention is paid to it. Once perception is disengaged from the domination of preconception and per sonal interest, it is free to experience the world as it is in itself and to behold its inherent magnificence. No matter how insignificant some aspect of the world may appear to be when measured against our categories and purposes, it is,
Coordination of Deglutitive Glottal Function and Pharyngeal Bolus Transit During Normal Eating

Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: Deglutitive glottal function during the preparatory phase of swallowing and its coordination with bolus transit during normal eating are important for airway protection. The aim of this study was to examine this coordination during consumption of a normal meal. METHODS: Fifteen healthy volunteers were studied using a videoendoscopic and videofluoroscopic technique. RESULTS: A total of 207 liquid and 470 solid bolus swallows were analyzed. In 60% of liquid and 76% of solid food swallows, the bolus was seen in the pharynx before a swallow was initiated. Entry of boluses into the pharynx was associated with brief partial adduction of the vocal cords. Solid food entered and traversed the pharynx at the midline, whereas liquid bolus was split around the larynx and rejoined in the hypopharynx. Swallowing was initiated significantly earlier when bolus made contact with the upper third of the epiglottis compared with vallecula or pyriform sinuses. CONCLUSIONS: In more than half of the instances, during normal eating, food enters the pharynx during the preparatory phase before a swallow is initiated, the path of pharyngeal transit of solid bolus is different from that of liquid bolus, and the epiglottal edge appears to be the most sensitive trigger zone for swallowing. (Gastroenterology 1997 Jan;112(1):73-83)
Lateral motion and valence of Fc receptors on rat peritoneal mast cells.

MAST cells and basophils bind monomeric IgE antibodies reversibly but tightly by way of specific Fc receptors on their surface. Limited bridging of bound IgE molecules by multi-valent antigen or anti-IgE antibody releases stored granules which liberate histamine and other mediators of the allergic response1. The interaction of receptor-bound IgE with antigen (or with anti-IgE antibody) and the consequent cellular response (degranulation) provides an excellent opportunity for exploring the role of the lateral mobility of defined receptors in the transmission of ‘signals’ across the plasma membrane. Degranulation requires a limited bridging of complexes; excessive aggregation inhibits this response2–4. We therefore measured the lateral mobility of the unperturbed IgE–receptor complexes on rat peritoneal mast cells and the effects on mobility of conditions that induce or inhibit degranulation. We redetermined5 the valence of the IgE receptor and the extent to which the IgE–receptor complexes react with each other. Fluorescence photobleaching recovery (FPR) was used to measure the macroscopic lateral motion of fluorescent cell-surface components6–9. We and others have used this or similar methods, to measure the mobility on cell surfaces of concanavalin A (con A) binding sites (which include various surface components) and nonspecifically labelled membrane proteins6,7,10-12. The present work and a concurrent study of acetylcholine receptors on developing myotubes (Axelrod et al., unpublished) are the first quantitative measurements of the lateral motion of specific cell-surface receptors.
Immunoglobulin A as an early humoral responder after mucosal avian coronavirus vaccination.

SUMMARY Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly contagious coronavirus prevalent in all countries with an extensive poultry industry and continues to cause economic losses. IBV strains of the Ark serotype are highly prevalent in the Southeastern United States despite extensive vaccination. One explanation for this observation is the high genetic variability of IBV. In addition, IBV Ark-type vaccines may induce suboptimal mucosal immune responses, contributing to the prevalence and persistence of the Ark serotype. To test this hypothesis, chickens were ocularly vaccinated with a commercially available live attenuated IBV Ark–Delmarva Poultry Industry vaccine strain and both mucosal and systemic antibody responses were measured. The highest immunoglobulin A (IgA) spot-forming cell (SFC) response was observed in the Harderian glands (HG) and to a lesser extent in the spleen and conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissues, while a limited IgG SFC response was observed in either the mucosal or systemic immun...
Measuring the Dispersion Coefficient with Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers

A method is evaluated for estimating the longitudinal dispersion coefficient K from velocities and bathymetry measured with an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). If shear dispersion controls the mixing, the dispersion coefficient can be estimated from measurements of velocity and depth in a cross section. The dispersion coefficient has typically been measured by costly and time-consuming tracer studies because the velocity field could not be resolved sufficiently before the flow changed. However, ADCP transects, which now are routinely used to measure discharge, provide detailed velocity and bathymetry data quickly. The dispersion coefficient is estimated from ADCP measurements from the United States Geological Survey and compared with estimates from dye studies. Half of the estimates of K fall within 50% of the values from tracer studies, and 85% are within a factor of 3. The ADCP method is at least as accurate as the best empirical formula considered. Both the comparison of field data and an anal...
Link layer multicasting with smart antennas: No client left behind

Wireless link layer multicast is an important service primitive for emerging applications, such as live video, streaming audio, and other content telecasts. The broadcast nature of the wireless channel is amenable to multicast because a single packet transmission may be received by all clients in the multicast group. However, in view of diverse channel conditions at different clients, the rate of such a transmission is bottlenecked by the rate of the weakest client. Multicast throughput degrades severely. Attempts to increase the data rate result in lower reliability and higher unfairness. This paper utilizes smart beamforming antennas to improve multicast performance in wireless LANs. The main idea is to satisfy the stronger clients with a high-rate omnidirectional transmission, followed by high-rate directional transmission(s) to cover the weaker ones. By selecting an optimal transmission strategy (using dynamic programming), we show that the multicast throughput can be maximized while achieving a desired delivery ratio at all the clients. We use testbed measurements to verify our main assumptions. We simulate our protocol in Qualnet, and observe consistent performance improvements over a range of client topologies and time-varying channel conditions.
UV-induced photochemical transformations of citrate-capped silver nanoparticle suspensions

Due to the increasing use of silver nano- particles (AgNPs) in consumer products, it is essential to understand how variables, such as light exposure, may change the physical and chemical characteristics of AgNP suspensions. To this end, the effect of 300 nm ultraviolet (UV) light on (20, 40, 60 and 80) nm citrate- capped AgNP suspensions has been investigated. As a consequence of irradiation, the initial yellow hue of the AgNP suspensions is transformed towards a near colorless solution due to the loss of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorbance. The decrease in SPR absorbance followed a first-order decay process for all particle sizes with a rate constant that increased linearly with the AgNP specific surface area and non- linearly with light intensity. The rate of loss of the SPR absorbance decreased with increasing citrate concen- tration, suggesting a surface-mediated transformation. Absorbance, atomic force microscopy, and dynamic light scattering results all indicated that AgNP photo- lysis was accompanied by a diameter decrease and occasional aggregation. Furthermore, in situ transmis- sion electron microscopy imaging using a specialized liquid cell also showed a decrease in the particle size and the formation of a core-shell structure in UV-exposed AgNPs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis suggested that this shell consisted of oxidized silver. The SPR in UV-exposed AgNP suspensions could be regenerated by addition of a strong reducing agent (NaBH4), supporting the idea that oxidized silver is present after photolysis. Evidence for UV-enhanced dissolution and the production of silver ions was obtained with the Donnan membrane technique. This study reveals that the physico-chemical properties of aqueous AgNP suspensions will change significantly upon exposure to UV light, with implications for environmental health and safety risk assessments.
A biokinetic model for zinc for use in radiation protection

The physiology of the essential trace element zinc has been studied extensively in human subjects using kinetic analysis of time-dependent measurements of administered zinc tracers. A number of biokinetic models describing zinc exchange between plasma and tissues and endogenous excretion of zinc have been derived as fits to data for specific study groups. More rudimentary biokinetic models for zinc have been developed to estimate radiation doses from internally deposited radioisotopes of zinc. The latter models are designed to provide broadly accurate estimates of cumulative decays of zinc radioisotopes in tissues and are not intended as realistic descriptions of the directions of movement of zinc in the body. This paper reviews biokinetic data for zinc and proposes a physiologically meaningful biokinetic model for systemic zinc for use in radiation protection. The proposed model bears some resemblance to zinc models developed in physiological studies but depicts a finer division of systemic zinc and is based on a broader spectrum of data than previous models. The proposed model and the model for zinc currently recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection yield reasonably similar estimates of total-body retention and effective dose for internally deposited radioisotopes of zinc but much different systemic distributions of activity and much different dose estimates for some individual tissues, particularly the liver.
PROACTIVE AND RETROACTIVE ATTRIBUTION PROCESSES IN INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS

The purpose of the present series of studies was to investigate the process of proactive and retroactive attribution in ongoing communication transactions. This objective was accomplished by studying the ways in which information disclosed early in the relationship is used (1) to form predictions concerning the probable attitudes of the other person, and (2) to explain subsequent communication behavior as the relationship progresses. Experiment I revealed that perceived background similarity led to predictions of attitude similarity. Experiments II and III found that consistency between early information and later behavior led to the utilization of early information to explain later behavior. These findings were discussed in terms of uncertainty reduction during initial interaction.
A 20-V CMOS-Based Monolithic Bidirectional Power Switch

Bidirectional power-switching devices are needed in many power-management applications, particularly in lithium-ion battery protection circuitry. In this letter, a monolithic planar bidirectional power switch fabricated with a simplified CMOS technology is introduced. The new four-terminal device provides a blocking voltage greater than 20 V and a low on-resistance in either direction between its two power terminals. Detailed device characterization and analysis reveal that the new device structure has good latch-up immunity even though it comprises several p-n junctions in close proximity. This new CMOS-compatible power switch can be used in discrete form or as part of a power IC
The human homolog of the JE gene encodes a monocyte secretory protein.

Abstract The mouse fibroblast gene, JE, was one of the first platelet-derived growth factor-inducible genes to be described as such. The protein encoded by JE (mJE) is the prototype of a large family of secreted, cytokinelike glycoproteins, all of whose members are induced by a mitogenic or activation signal in monocytes macrophages, and T lymphocytes; JE is the only member to have been identified in fibroblasts. We report the identification of a human homolog for murine JE, cloned from human fibroblasts. The protein predicted by the coding sequence of human JE (hJE) is 55 amino acids shorter than mJE, and its sequence is identical to that of a recently purified monocyte chemoattractant. When expressed in COS cells, the human JE cDNA directed the secretion of N-glycosylated proteins of Mr 16,000 to 18,000 as well as proteins of Mr 15,500, 15,000, and 13,000. Antibodies raised against mJE recognized these hJE species, all of which were secreted by human fibroblasts. hJE expression was stimulated in HL60 cells during phorbol myristate acetate-induced monocytoid differentiation. However, resting human monocytes constitutively secreted hJE; treatment with gamma interferon did not enhance hJE expression in monocytes, and treatment with phorbol myristate acetate or lipopolysaccharide inhibited its expression. Thus, human JE encodes yet another member of the large family of JE-related cytokinelike proteins, in this case a novel human monocyte and fibroblast secretory protein.
A visual short-term memory advantage for faces.

What determines how much can be stored in visual short-term memory (VSTM)? Studies of VSTM have focused largely on stimulus-based properties such as the number or complexity of the items stored. Recent work also suggests that capacity is severely reduced for items within the same category. However, the importance for VSTM capacity of more qualitative differences in processing for different categories has not been investigated. For example, faces are processed more holistically than other objects. In Experiments 1 and 2, we show that the processing of faces, objects that are crucial socially and for which we possess considerable expertise, overcomes these limitations. More faces can be stored in VSTM than objects from other complex nonface categories. As in prior studies, at short encoding durations we found that capacity for faces was less than that for other categories. However, at longer encoding durations, capacity for faces exceeded that for nonface objects, and this advantage was specific to upright faces. Because inversion reduces holistic processing, the interaction of orientation with VSTM capacity—which occurred for faces but not objects in Experiment 3—suggests that it is holistic processing that confers an advantage for face VSTM when sufficient encoding time is allowed.
All the Women in the Maryland State Penitentiary: 1812-1869

This article examines the role of race in the patterns of incarceration of women in the state of Maryland during three critical periods: pre-Civil War, Civil War, and post-Civil War. Maryland, a bo...
An empirical approach towards improved spatial estimates of soil moisture for vegetation analysis

Landscape-level spatial estimates of soil water content are critical to understanding ecological processes and predicting watershed response to environmental change. Because soil moisture influences are highly variable at the landscape scale, most meteorological datasets are not detailed enough to depict spatial trends in the water balance at these extents. We propose a tactical approach to gather high-resolution field data for use in soil moisture models. Using these data, we (1) describe general soil moisture trends for a 6400 ha watershed in the Oregon Western Cascades, USA (2) use this description to identify environmental variables to stratify across in collecting data for a statistical explanatory model of soil moisture spatial pattern at the onset of seasonal drought, and (3) examine the spatial scale of variability in soil moisture measurements compared to the scale of variability in potential explanatory factors. The results indicate that soil moisture dynamics and controls are different for different soil depths across this mountainous watershed. Soil moisture variability exhibits complex spatial patterns that can be partially estimated (up to 50 percent of the variation accounted) with easily measurable climatic and terrain variables. The analysis incorporates both macroscale (climate) and mesoscale (topographic drainage and radiation) influences on the water balance. Without additional data on the distribution of edaphic and biotic factors, we are not able to model the variability of soil moisture at the microscale. The regression approach can be used to extrapolate field measurements across similar topographic areas to examine spatial patterns in forest vegetation and moisture-controlled ecological processes.
The relation between acceptance of self and acceptance of others shown by three personality inventories.

In recent years psychiatrists and clinical psychologists have observed a relation between the attitude toward the self shown by the patient and his attitude toward other people, Adler [1] noted a depreciation of others in those who themselves felt inferior. Horney [5] asserted that the person who does not love himself is incapable of loving others. Rogers [8] said that the person who accepts himself will for that very reason have better interpersonal relations with others. He also observed that, during therapy, as a person begins to accept himself he becomes capable of experiencing this attitude toward others. Changes in acceptance of the self and correlated changes in the acceptance of others occurring during clientcentered therapy were studied by Sheerer [9]. Her study, and a similar one by Stock [10] also based on a small number of counseling cases, showed that perceptions of others, feelings toward others, and acceptance of others are significantly related to the perception of the self, feelings about the self, and acceptance of the self. These studies show that, in the course of therapy, with the increase in self-acceptan ce there is a corresponding increase in favorable attitude toward others. Several attempts have been made to see to what extent these observations made by clini
Multilingual Dependency Analysis with a Two-Stage Discriminative Parser

We present a two-stage multilingual dependency parser and evaluate it on 13 diverse languages. The first stage is based on the unlabeled dependency parsing models described by McDonald and Pereira (2006) augmented with morphological features for a subset of the languages. The second stage takes the output from the first and labels all the edges in the dependency graph with appropriate syntactic categories using a globally trained sequence classifier over components of the graph. We report results on the CoNLL-X shared task (Buchholz et al., 2006) data sets and present an error analysis.
Physical Activity, Suicide Risk Factors, and Suicidal Ideation in a Veteran Sample

The association between current level of suicidal ideation and physical activity was tested in a broad sample of veterans seeking care from the Veterans Health Administration. It was hypothesized that the two variables would be significantly inversely related. It was further hypothesized that the relationship would be mediated by depressive symptoms, disturbed sleep, and a measure of heart rate variability based on existing research regarding physical activity and sleep. Due to the first hypothesis not being supported, the second could not be tested. Post hoc correlation analyses did find associations between physical activity and depressive symptoms, in expected directions, and are discussed. Possible explanations for the negative findings along with recommendations for future research to continue exploring links between suicide risk and physical activity are presented. We conclude by suggesting that physical activity may have promise as a risk reduction intervention and that prospective data are more likely to yield significant results than the cross-sectional methodology employed in the current study.
An exploratory study of the draw-a-person as a measure of racial identity.

The race of the figure drawn on the Draw-A-Person Test is proposed as a measure of acceptance of racial identity. Reliability and validity of this measure were explored in a two-part study. Part 1 confirmed the hypothesis that the race of the figure drawn is related to the race of the child producing the drawing. Comparison of the figures drawn by black (n = 157) and white (n = 167) children confirmed three other hypotheses based on the voluminous literature suggesting that black children are less accepting of their racial group membership than whites. These hypotheses were: (a) whites should be more likely to draw figures that are clearly white than blacks are to draw figures that are clearly black, (b) whites should be less likely to draw blacks than blacks are to draw whites, and (c) blacks should be more likely to avoid giving clear indication of the race of the figures they draw than are whites. Inter-rater reliability for the race of the figure drawn was .79. Five weeks after the initial drawing, a ...
Colonization of the Beaver Island Archipelago by deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus gracilis): mtDNA evidence for multiple origins

The Beaver Island group in Lake Michigan comprises nine islands ranging from 0.3 to 144 km2, lying approximately 30 km west of Michigan’s Lower Peninsula (LP) and 15 km south of the Upper Peninsula (UP). The islands have been isolated from mainland Michigan for most of their postglacial history, but were connected to the mainland LP during the low-water Chippewa stage (ending about 7400 years before present (YBP)). Although plants and animals could have colonized the islands during the Chippewa period, flooding during the subsequent Nipissing high-water stand means that the smaller islands have been colonized more recently. We analyzed 481 bp of mitochondrial D-loop sequences from woodland deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner, 1845)) on six of these islands in northern Lake Michigan to elucidate the mainland origin and minimum number of colonization events for this species. Surprisingly, the distribution of haplotypes on the islands suggests that the populations on most islands likely had separate re...
Supersymmetric grand unified theories: Two loop evolution of gauge and Yukawa couplings

We make a numerical study of guage and Yukawa unification in supersymmetric grand unified models and examine the quantitative implications of fermion mass [ital Ansa]$[ital iuml]---[ital tze] at the grand unified scale. Integrating the renormalization group equations with [alpha][sub 1]([ital M][sub [ital Z]]) and [alpha][sub 2]([ital M][sub [ital Z]]) as inputs, we find [alpha][sub 3]([ital M][sub [ital Z]])[congruent]0.111(0.122) for [ital M][sub SUSY]=[ital m][sub [ital t]] and [alpha][sub 3]([ital M][sub [ital Z]])[congruent]0.106(0.116) for [ital M][sub SUSY]=1 TeV at one-loop (two-loop) order. Including [ital b] and [tau] Yukawa couplings in the evolution, we find an upper limit of [ital m][sub [ital t]][approx lt]200 GeV from Yukawa unification. For given [ital m][sub [ital t]][approx lt]175 GeV, there are two solutions for [beta]: one with tan[beta][gt][ital m][sub [ital t]]/[ital m][sub [ital b]], and one with sin[beta][congruent]0.78([ital m][sub [ital t]]/150 GeV). Taking a popular [ital Ansatz] for the mass matrices at the unified scale, we obtain a lower limit on the top-quark mass of [ital m][sub [ital t]][approx gt]150(115) GeV for [alpha][sub 3]([ital M][sub [ital Z]])=0.11(0.12) and an upper limit on the supersymmetry parameter tan[beta][approx lt]50 if [alpha][sub 3]([ital M][sub [ital Z]])=0.11. The evolution of the quark mixing elements is also evaluated.
22-kW next generation low cost S-band solid state transmitter for surveillance and air traffic control radars

This paper presents the development of a low-cost 22-kW Solid-State Transmitter (SST) operating over 2.7-2.9 GHz, for modern surveillance and air-traffic control radars. 22-kW peak power with a pulse width of 50 /spl mu/s and 5% duty cycle is achieved by combining fifty 500-W High Power Solid-State Amplifiers using a low-loss (0.2 dB) radial combiner. Other key performance parameters are: pulse-to-pulse stability (MTI improvement factor) >75 dBc, pulse droop 100,000 hours, instantaneous bandwidth of 200 MHz, extremely high pulse fidelity, and self pulsing low voltage operation for safety and high efficiency. The design has following additional features: modular, front accessibility of components, hot replacement of power supplies and high power amplifiers for easy maintenance, complete remote monitoring and maintenance system (RMMS), use of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components, fail-soft operation and redundancy of critical components such as power supplies, driver amplifiers and fans for cooling. >
Current standards of breast cancer treatment in the USA

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is increasingly prescribed for menopausal symptoms and its many other benefits include lessening the risks of osteoporosis and ischemic heart disease. Breast cancer survivors are often refused HRT because of a rheotorical risk of recurrence.
Synthesis of the tumor associative α-aminooxy disaccharide of the TF antigen and its conjugation to a polysaccharide immune stimulant

The α-aminooxy derivative of the Thomsen–Friedenriech tumor associated carbohydrate antigen has been synthesized in 11 steps utilizing a D-GalN3 acceptor carrying a pre-installed α-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl moiety. The natural α linkage was prepared in high selectivity employing a suitably protected D-GalN3-thioglycoside donor with N-hydroxysuccinimide. With access to α-TF-ONH2, the preparation of the TF-PS A1 vaccine candidate ensued smoothly through oxime bond formation.
Global mitigation of non-CO2 greenhouse gases: marginal abatement costs curves and abatement potential through 2030

AbstractGreenhouse gases (GHGs) other than carbon dioxide (CO2) play an important role in the effort to understand and address global climate change. Approximately 25% of Global warming potential-weighted GHG emissions in the year 2005 comprise the non-CO2 GHGs. The report, Global Mitigation of Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases: 2010–2030 provides a comprehensive global analysis and resulting data-set of marginal abatement cost curves that illustrate the abatement potential of non-CO2 GHGs by sector and by region. The basic methodology – a bottom-up, engineering cost approach – builds on the baseline non-CO2 emissions projections published by EPA, applying abatement options to the emissions baseline in each sector. The results of the analysis are MAC curves that reflect aggregated breakeven prices for implementing abatement options in a given sector and region. Among the key findings of the report is that significant, cost-effective abatement exists from non-CO2 sources with abatement options that are available to...
Predictions and Nudges: What Behavioral Economics Has to Offer the Humanities, and Vice-Versa (Book Review)

This book review considers the intersection of work in behavioral economics and work in the humanities. It does so in the context of reviewing two books: Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein's Nudge (2008) and Dan Ariel's Predictably Irrational (2008). To the extent that behavioral findings on decision making enrich economists' toolkits, they should be considered a success. But even after behavioral insights have been fully incorporated into economics, humanists will still have a virtual monopoly in answer the kinds of questions they deem to be important. the key to understanding human behavior, in all its richness and complexity, is to adopt the kinds of tools appropriate for the task at hand. Both rational social science and humanistic methods have their places and their uses, and each discipline has something to offer the other, particularly in areas -- such as the existence of unconscious motives or the importance of early childhood -- where economists and humanists can agree. These two books under review give us reason to think that these points of psychological agreement between economics and the humanities are very much worth exploring.
Emergence of Radial Nerve Dominance in Median Nerve Cortex After Median Nerve Transection in an Adult Squirrel Monkey

Schroeder, C. E., S. Seto, and P. E. Garraghty. Emergence of radial nerve dominance in median nerve cortex after median nerve transection in an adult squirrel monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 522–526, ...
CRISES FOR FAMILIES OF MENTALLY RETARDED PERSONS INCLUDING THE CRISIS OF DEINSTITUTIONALISATION

(1979). CRISES FOR FAMILIES OF MENTALLY RETARDED PERSONS INCLUDING THE CRISIS OF DEINSTITUTIONALISATION. The British Journal of Mental Subnormality: Vol. 25, No. 48, pp. 38-49.
Empirically Supported Use of Psychiatric Medications in Adolescents and Adults with IBD.

Background:The use of psychotropic medications, particularly antidepressants, is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in spite of a lack of their robust efficacy in this population. This review provides an overview of the use trends of different classes of antidepressant and anti
Induction Chemotherapy With/Without Radiation Followed by Surgery in Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

The objectives of this review are to provide an update and perspectives on the use of induction therapy (chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy) followed by surgery in two subgroups of patients with stage III non-