cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Serine and Threonine Phosphorylation of the Paxillin LIM Domains Regulates Paxillin Focal Adhesion Localization and Cell Adhesion to Fibronectin

We have previously shown that the LIM domains of paxillin operate as the focal adhesion (FA)-targeting motif of this protein. In the current study, we have identified the capacity of paxillin LIM2 and LIM3 to serve as binding sites for, and substrates of serine/threonine kinases. The activities of the LIM2- and LIM3-associated kinases were stimulated after adhesion of CHO.K1 cells to fibronectin; consequently, a role for LIM domain phosphorylation in regulating the subcellular localization of paxillin after adhesion to fibronectin was investigated. An avian paxillin-CHO.K1 model system was used to explore the role of paxillin phosphorylation in paxillin localization to FAs. We found that mutations of paxillin that mimicked LIM domain phosphorylation accelerated fibronectin-induced localization of paxillin to focal contacts. Further, blocking phosphorylation of the LIM domains reduced cell adhesion to fibronectin, whereas constitutive LIM domain phosphorylation significantly increased the capacity of cells to adhere to fibronectin. The potentiation of FA targeting and cell adhesion to fibronectin was specific to LIM domain phosphorylation as mutation of the amino-terminal tyrosine and serine residues of paxillin that are phosphorylated in response to fibronectin adhesion had no effect on the rate of FA localization or cell adhesion. This represents the first demonstration of the regulation of protein localization through LIM domain phosphorylation and suggests a novel mechanism of regulating LIM domain function. Additionally, these results provide the first evidence that paxillin contributes to "inside-out" integrin-mediated signal transduction.
Stock Ownership Structure and Voluntary Disclosure of Quarterly Foreign Sales Data of U.S. Multinational Corporations

The ownership structure of a corporation can alleviate the agency problem that arises between shareholders and managers of a corporation, which implies that the ownership composition of a firm may infl uence the level of voluntary disclosure. This study investigates whether the ownership structure of U. S. based multinational corporations affects the managerial decision to voluntarily disclose quarterly foreign segment data. The empirical results show that the three ownership variables of interest, institutional stock ownership, managerial stock ownership and outside blockholder stock ownership are inversely related to the level of voluntary disclosure of quarterly foreign segment data. Therefore, it is inferred that an increase in the proportion of outstanding common stock held by these ownership groups is accompanied by a decrease in the probability that a U.S. multinational firm voluntarily discloses quarterly foreign segment data.
New evidence for geomagnetically trapped anomalous cosmic rays

We report new observations of ≥ 15 MeV/nuc trapped heavy ions with Z ≥ 2, made on the polar-orbiting SAMPEX spacecraft in late 1992 and early 1993. A trapped population that includes He, N, O, and Ne is found to be located at L ≈ 2. We conclude that the observed N, O, and Ne ions are “anomalous” cosmic rays, trapped by the mechanism proposed by Blake and Friesen. While it is not expected that this mechanism would also trap anomalous He, the characteristics of the trapped He population are generally consistent with those of N, O, and Ne.
The height equivalent to a theoretical plate of retentionless rectangular tubes

Abstract Two different approaches to the evaluation of the height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP) of uniform tubes are reviewed and shown to be equivalent, and the latter is applied to the calculation of the HETP of tubes with a rectangular cross-section.
Personality, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior.

The personality dimensions agreeableness and conscientiousness were hypothesized to account for commonly shared variance between job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Findings from 99 employees in the United Kingdom and the United States indicate that these two dimensions do indeed account for substantial variance in satisfaction and that conscientiousness also accounts for unique variance in one dimension of OCB. Satisfaction accounts for unique variance in OCB not explained by either of these personality dimensions. No evidence was found for differences in main or moderated effects in the U.K. and U.S. samples.
Regulation of the L-arabinose operon in strains of Escherichia coli containing ColE1-ara hybrid plasmids

Hybrid plasmids were constructed from fragments of F'ara episomes formed by the restriction endonuclease EcoRI and a linear form of the plasmid ColE1 created by cleavage with EcoRI. Hybrid plasmids were constructed containing the entire ara region or the ara region with various parts deleted. E. coli K12 host strains were constructed which contained different deletions of the ara region. The hybrid plasmids were transferred to those strains whose ara deletion complemented that of the plasmid. The initial differential rates of synthesis of L-arabinose isomerase, the product of the araA gene, were determined for the Ara+, plasmid containing strains. These studies demonstrated that strains containing Δ(araO1BA)718 produce elevated levels of araC protein, suggesting the araC promoter has been altered by this deletion. Evidence is also presented which suggests that araC protein activates the ara-BAD operon to higher levels when it is present in cis rather than trans. Amplification of the products of the cloned genes is observed when compared to haploid levels in some cases.
Coincidentia Oppositorum to Ai

In 1919, Nishida Kitarō delivered a speech at Ōtani University discussing the relationship between Nicolaus of Cusa’s coincidentia oppositorum (the coincidence of opposites) and love. The address, given within weeks of a disabling injury suffered by Nishida’s wife, Kotomi, gives evidence of how severe personal crisis would come to influence his philosophical work, and highlights several themes that would dominate the writings of the last twenty-five years of his life.
Computational Modeling of Industrial Scale Reactor System Components Using Parallel Processing on a Networked Cluster of Computers

Industrial scale reactor system components are frequently characterized by a complex geometry that requires a large number of nodes in a computational grid to resolve significant flow features and by reaction and additional complex physics, such as spray vaporization, that greatly increase the number of partial differential equations (PDEs) to solve. On a fast serial workstation, simulations of these systems can take several days, making use of the model for extensive parametric and optimization studies impractical. A parallel multiphase reacting flow code was developed from a family of related serial codes using the industry standard Message-Passing Interface (MPI) and domain decomposition in the primary flow direction. The parallel computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code can now be run on a cluster of networked computers. This capability makes detailed simulation of many industrial reactors feasible without incurring the large increase in cost of moving to simulation on massively parallel computing platforms. The required computers and network are often already present in organizations and idle at night. The parallel CFD code has been applied to studies of transient heat transfer to monolith catalyst substrates and to the design of inlet chambers that evenly distribute a high speed hot air inlet stream over the monolith inlet plane. These studies are part of a program to investigate the feasibility of rapid start fuel reformers. The use of fuel reformers in light duty fuel cell powered vehicles requires a reformer start up time of less than 60 seconds. Parallelization issues and parallel performance are presented with examples of reformer component flow and comparison with experimental data from monolith heat up studies.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Models for noncontractions

in the sense of the self-adjoint operator calculus (here sgn 0 = 0), and BT(z) acts from g(Q*) to g(Q). The characteristic function BT(z) has been much studied, especially in the case that I’ is a contraction (our characteristic function of T is the characteristic function of T* for other authors). Sz-Nagy and Foiag [ll], for the case that T is a contraction, study the relationship between T and B,; given T they construct a canonical model for T in a representation functional space %(I&-), and conversely, given an analytic function B with 11 B(z)11 < 1 for 1 .z 1 < 1, they construct a contraction operator T of a canonical type such that B = B, . For more general T, Clark [8] h as initiated the same type of program. Assuming B is “square” (the dimension of the domain space of B is equal to the dimension of the range space) and that B(0) is invertible, hc characterizes those R(z) which arise as BT(z) f or some bounded invertible operator T, and for such B, constructs a canonical model for T. The purpose of this paper is to extend Clark’s results to a more natural generality by removing the assumptions that B is “square and B(0) is invertible. The approach is to generalize to noncontractions the de Branges-Rovnyak model for a contraction [5]. Our construction of the model gives a theorem of Brodskii [7] as a corollary.
Continent urinary diversion using a sigmoid reservoir

Continent urinary diversions are now accepted procedures for selected patients undergoing cystoprostatectomy. We describe a procedure in which a segment of sigmoid colon is used as a continent reservoir. Effective ureteral antireflux procedures have protected the upper tracts. All patients have good daytime urinary control with some night-time urinary incontinence controlled by condom drainage.
Inhibition of Escherichia coli tryptophan indole-lyase by tryptophan homologues

Abstract We have designed, synthesized and evaluated homotryptophan analogues as possible mechanism-based inhibitors for Escherichia coli tryptophan indole-lyase (tryptophanase, TIL, E.C. 4.1.99.1). As a quinonoid structure is an intermediate in the reaction mechanism of TIL, we anticipated that homologation of the physiological substrate, l -Trp would provide analogues resembling the transition state for β-elimination, and potentially inhibit TIL. Our results demonstrate that l -homotryptophan (1a) is a moderate competitive inhibitor of TIL, with Ki = 67 μM, whereas l -bishomotryptophan (1b) displays more potent inhibition, with Ki = 4.7 μM. Pre-steady-state kinetics indicated the formation of an external aldimine and quinonoid with 1a, but only the formation of an external aldimine for 1b, suggesting differences in the inhibition mechanism. These results demonstrate that formation of a quinonoid complex is not required for strong inhibition. In addition, the Trp analogues were evaluated as inhibitors of Salmonella typhimurium Trp synthase. Our results indicate that compound 1b is at least 25-fold more selective toward TIL than Trp synthase. We report that compound 1b is comparable to the most potent inhibitor previously reported, while displaying high selectivity for TIL. Thus, 1b is a potential lead for the development of novel antibacterials.
Comparison of Methods for Developing the Dynamics of Rigid- Body Systems

Several approaches for developing the equations of motion for a three-degree-of-freedom PUMA robot were compared on the basis of computational efficiency (i.e., the number of additions, subtractions, multiplications, and divisions). Of particular interest was the investigation of the use of computer algebra as a tool for developing the equations of motion. Three approaches were implemented algebraically: Lagrange's method, Kane's method, and Wittenburg's method. Each formulation was developed in absolute and relative coordinates. These six cases were compared to each other and to a recursive numerical formulation. The results showed that all of the formulations implemented algebraically required fewer calculations than the recursive numerical algorithm. The algebraic formulations required fewer calculations in absolute coordinates than in relative coordinates. Each of the algebraic formulations could be simplified, using patterns from Kane's method, to yield the same number of calculations in a given coordinate system.
Using “Cultural Cognition” to Predict Environmental Risk Perceptions in a Florida Water-Supply Planning Process

There have been important recent advances in cultural cognition theory, a theory of the cultural rootedness of risk perception. However, to date, research on cultural cognition has focused only on general public samples, not participants in stakeholder planning processes. Using original data from a survey of stakeholders in a water-supply planning process in Florida, this article evaluates the efficacy and role of cultural cognition theory compared to other social antecedents of risk perception often used in sociological studies, including the New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) and organizational affiliation. The article (1) increases empirical understanding of the predictive utility of cultural cognition among resource management stakeholders; (2) evaluates cultural cognition's direct and indirect effects on risk perception; and (3) discusses implications for the management of stakeholder processes.
Extreme ultraviolet lithography’s path to manufacturing

The origins of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography and its progress toward readiness for manufacturing are recounted. Source power and reliability and mask defects are known items requiring additional improvement before EUV lithography will be suitable for use in the volume manufacturing of integrated circuits. Additional cycles of learning, as obtained from pilot line operation, will greatly accelerate the maturation of EUV lithography and enable its use in manufacturing as early as 2013.
Agency and Communion as Related to “Big Five” Self-Representations and Subsequent Behavior in Small Groups

Abstract Associations between self-representations and behavior were hypothesized as varying in accordance with the interpersonal meta-concepts of agency and communion (Wiggins, 1991). The NEO-Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1985) was completed by 250 undergraduates, to address the Big Five factors (Openness, Extraversion, Agree-ableness, Conscientiousness, and Neuroticism) and 18 subscales. Several weeks later, after both 23 and 46 interaction hours in small groups, the same participants rated self and others for self-accepting and other-accepting conduct. Self-accepting conduct ratings from pooled peers and self were consistently correlated more positively (p < .01) with NEO-PI Assertiveness, Openness, Feelings, Extraversion, and Values; ratings of other-acceptance had parallel positive associations with Agreeableness, Warmth, and Positive Emotions, and negative associations with Hostility. All ratings were related only weakly to Conscientiousness and Neuroticism. The findings support Wiggins's v...
Mass spectral fragmentation pathways in RDX and HMX. A mass analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometric/collisional induced dissociation study

A collisional induced dissociation study of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5 triazacyclohexane (RDX) and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane (HMX) was carried out using mass analyzed kinetic energy spectrometry. High resolution mass spectra and mass analyzed ion kinetic energy/collisional induced dissociation spectra of RDX and HMX were recorded in the electron impact, chemical ionization and negative ion chemical ionization modes. Fragmentation pathways of the compounds investigated were determined in all three modes of ionization. It was found that a major part of the fragment ions in RDX and HMX originate from formation of the aduct ions [M+NO]+ and [M+NO2]+ in electron impact and chemical ionization, and from [M+NO]− and [M+NO2]− in negative chemical ionization, followed by dissociation.
Synthesis of Multicyclic Pyridine and Quinoline Derivatives via Intramolecular C-H Bond Functionalization

An efficient method is reported for the preparation of multicyclic pyridines and quinolines by a rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular C−H bond functionalization process. The method shows good scope for branched and unbranched alkyl substituents on the pyridine ring and at the R position of the tethered alkene group. Starting materials capable of undergoing olefin isomerization to provide terminal 1,1-disubstituted alkenes also proved to be effective substrates.
iFall: An android application for fall monitoring and response

Injuries due to falls are among the leading causes of hospitalization in elderly persons, often resulting in a rapid decline in quality of life or death. Rapid response can improve the patients outcome, but this is often lacking when the injured person lives alone and the nature of the injury complicates calling for help. This paper presents an alert system for fall detection using common commercially available electronic devices to both detect the fall and alert authorities. We use an Android-based smart phone with an integrated tri-axial accelerometer. Data from the accelerometer is evaluated with several threshold based algorithms and position data to determine a fall. The threshold is adaptive based on user provided parameters such as: height, weight, and level of activity. The algorithm adapts to unique movements that a phone experiences as opposed to similar systems which require users to mount accelerometers to their chest or trunk. If a fall is suspected a notification is raised requiring the user’s response. If the user does not respond, the system alerts pre-specified social contacts with an informational message via SMS. If a contact responds the system commits an audible notification, automatically connects, and enables the speakerphone. If a social contact confirms a fall, an appropriate emergency service is alerted. Our system provides a realizable, cost effective solution to fall detection using a simple graphical interface while not overwhelming the user with uncomfortable sensors.
Mass Transport in the Diffusional Creep of Ionic Solids

A mass transport equation which takes into account parallel diffusion paths for both anions and cations was derived and applied to the diffusional creep of polycrystalline ionic solids. From the results of the analysis, several limiting conditions were found for grain-boundary- and lattice-diffusion-controlled kinetics. These conditions depend on temperature, grain size, and type and concentration of cation impurities. Examples of these limiting situations are given for the creep of polycrystalline Fe-doped MgO and transition-metal-doped Al2O3. Summary A mass transport equation which takes into account parallel diffusion paths for anions and cations was derived and applied to the diffusional creep of polycrystalline ionic solids. The effect of grain size and cation impurities of variable valence in solid solution on the relative contributions of lattice and grain-boundary diffusion of different ionic species in polycrystalline MgO and Al2O3 was examined. Depending on the temperature, grain size, impurity level, and O2 partial pressure, several limiting conditions were found: Limit I: At very small grain sizes and reasonably small cation lattice diffusivities the creep rate will be controlled by the slower-moving ion in the grain-boundary regions (i.e. Coble creep). Limit II: For intermediate grain sizes and cation lattice diffusivities the creep rate will be controlled by cation lattice diffusion when anion transport is significantly faster near grain boundaries than in the lattice (i.e. Nabarro-Herring creep). Limit III: For an appropriate combination of large grain size and high cation lattice diffusivity the creep rate will be controlled by anion boundary diffusion (i.e. Coble creep). Well-defined examples of limits I and II have been observed in the creep of Fe-doped polycrystalline MgO, and tentative evidence exists for limit III. Most results of studies of creep in polycrystalline Al2O3 (doped and undoped) fall within limit II, with some overlap with limit III. The model developed in the present work explains much of the data in the literature in which creep rates correspond to cation lattice mobilities. It is concluded that in the creep of polycrystalline ionic solids anion transport near grain boundaries is rapid and can, in some circumstances, be rate-controlling. It should also be possible to apply this model to sintering and thermal-grooving data for such systems, particularly for Al2O3, in which cation lattice diffusion is frequently observed to be rate-controlling.32
A Numerical Study of the Effects of Wind Forcing on the Chile Current System

A high-resolution, multi-level, primitive equation ocean model is used to examine the response of the coastal region from 22.5°S to 35°S of the Chile Current System to both equatorward and climatological wind forcing. The results from both types of forcing show that an equatorward surface current, a poleward undercurrent, upwelling, meanders, filaments and eddies develop in response to the predominant equatorward wind forcing. When climatological wind forcing is used, an offshore branch of the equatorward surface current is also generated. These features are consistent with available observations of the Chile Current System. The model results support the hypothesis that wind forcing is an important mechanism for generating currents, eddies and filaments in the Chile eastern boundary current system and in other eastern boundary current regions which have predominantly equatorward wind forcing.
Research-Based Indicators: Is The Glass Half-Full or Half-Empty?

The evaluation of teachers assuredly is among the most critical responsibilities of local schools. Information that contributes mightily to such evaluations often is gained by observing classroom teaching. Decisions made on the basis of classroom observations normally affect the permanent appointment, dismissal, assignment, or promotion of a teacher. However, such career considerations do not constitute the only consequences of teacher observation for rating purposes. Indeed, they may be assumed to contribute positively or negatively to the teacher’s need for recognition, achievement, and self-esteem. Thus the consequences of teacher evaluations have critical impact on both a teacher’s professional life and self-concept.
THE RÕLE OF THE CERVICAL SYMPATHETICS IN THE REGULATION OF THYROID AND THYROTROPIC FUNCTION1

THE INTERRELATIONSHIP of the thyroid and the sympathetic nervous system has been subjected to numerous experimental studies, chiefly because of the many sympathicotonic features present in thyrotoxicosis. Nevertheless, the results have been conflicting, as is evident from the re′ views of Marine, Reid and Holman, and Means (1, 2, 3). In the light of our present knowledge, it is clear that an investigation of the interrelationship of thyroid and sympathetic nervous system must con′ sider at least three theoretical possibilities. a), The question of asympathetic secretory innervation of the thyroid. There is at present no convincing or direct proof of such an innervation. When critically con′ sidered, the results of numerous histological studies, especially after unilateral cervical sympathectomy or sympathetic stimulation, indicate that no changes are produced in the thyroid (4, 5,2). When cold stimulation is applied in the absence of the hypophysis, the histc′logical picture of the thyroid is abnormal and...
Structure Theory of Semisimple Groups

Every complex semisimple Lie algebra has a compact real form, as a consequence of a particular normalization of root vectors whose construction uses the Isomorphism Theorem of Chapter II. If go is a real semisimple Lie algebra, then the use of a compact real form of (g0)ℂ leads to the construction of a “Cartan involution” θ of go. This involution has the property that if go = t 0 ⊕ p0 is the corresponding eigenspace decomposition or “Cartan decomposition”, then to ⊕ ipo is a compact real form of (g0)ℂ. Any two Cartan involutions of go are conjugate by an inner automorphism. The Cartan decomposition generalizes the decomposition of a classical matrix Lie algebra into its skew-Hermitian and Hermitian parts.
How stress influences the immune response

Abstract In response to a stressor, physiological changes are set into motion to help an individual cope with the stressor. However, chronic activation of these stress responses, which include the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the sympathetic–adrenal–medullary axis, results in chronic production of glucocorticoid hormones and catecholamines. Glucocorticoid receptors expressed on a variety of immune cells bind cortisol and interfere with the function of NF-κB, which regulates the activity of cytokine-producing immune cells. Adrenergic receptors bind epinephrine and norepinephrine and activate the cAMP response element binding protein, inducing the transcription of genes encoding for a variety of cytokines. The changes in gene expression mediated by glucocorticoid hormones and catecholamines can dysregulate immune function. There is now good evidence (in animal and human studies) that the magnitude of stress-associated immune dysregulation is large enough to have health implications.
Kinetic analysis of bioconversion of cellulose in attrition bioreactor

Enzymatic conversion of cellulosic wastes has great potential for the production of fuels and chemicals. However, the widespread conversion of cellulosic waste has been delayed by unfavorable process economics. The attrition bioreactor (ABR) combines wet ball milling and enzymatic hydrolysis in one process step. It was found that the ABR did not accelerate enzyme deactivation. Interfacial forces, not shear forces, caused the most deactivation. Elimination of the air-liquid interface by covering the reactor substantially increased enzyme stability. A simple exponential kinetic model was tested to predict the cellulose conversion in an ABR. Kinetic parameters were estimated from batch runs performed at various enzyme and substrate concentrations.
Cyclic motion detection for motion based recognition

The motion of a walking person is analyzed by examining cycles in the movement. Cycles are detected using autocorrelation and Fourier transform techniques of the smoothed spatio-temporal curvature function of trajectories created by specific points on the object as it performs cyclic motion. A large impulse in the Fourier magnitude plot indicates the frequency at which cycles are occurring. Both synthetically generated and real walking sequences are analyzed for cyclic motion. The real sequences are then used in a motion based recognition application in which one complete cycle is stored as a model, and a matching process is performed using one cycle of an input trajectory.
Framework for post-prognostic decision support

This paper describes a decision support system (DSS) for use in operational decision making with PHM-specific data. Challenges arise from the large amount of different information pieces upon which a decision maker has to act. Conflicting information from on-board and off-board PHM modules, seemingly contradictory and changing requirements from operations as well as maintenance for a multitude of different systems within strict time constraints make operational decision-making a difficult undertaking. The DSS enables the user to make optimal decisions based on his expression of rigorous trade-offs between different prognostic and external information sources. This is accomplished through guided evaluation of different optimal decision alternatives under operational boundary conditions using user-specific and interactive collaboration. We present some preliminary results of the use of such a DSS for post-prognostics decision-making.
REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES OF DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP

We examined temporal breeding patterns of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in the Peninsular Ranges of California to determine the degree of seasonality and identify potential selection for seasonal breeding in this low-latitude desert environment. During a 4-year period, births occurred during 7 months of the year, but 87% of young were born in February-April and 55% were born in March. Peak months of mating and parturition remained relatively constant across years and among different regions of the Peninsular Ranges, and young born in February through April had greater survival than those born later. Female age influenced lamb survival but not timing of parturition. Successful recruitment of young by an adult female had a weak but significant negative effect on the survival of that female's offspring the following year. Previous reproductive history of a female did not influence offspring production or timing of parturition. Months of peak parturition followed annual winter rains and, therefore, were likely to coincide with periods of high plant productivity. Furthermore, most young were born before the hot, arid summer months. We concluded that bighorn sheep in the Peninsular Ranges are seasonal breeders and that climate patterns likely act as ultimate factors in shaping the breeding season.
Multivariate Survival Analysis with PVF Frailty Models

In this chapter, we describe inference for multivariate lifetimes data using a conditional proportional hazards model with a power variance family (PVF) frailty distribution and a Weibull baseline hazard. The likelihood function is derived via the joint density of tilted positive stable random variables. Inference is carried out in the Bayesian framework, using Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques. We illustrate our approach on data involving recurrent infections due to insertion of a catheter in patients on portable dialysis machines.
The Future Of Nde Applications To RPV Embrittlement Measurements

Assuring the integrity of nuclear power plant reactor pressure vessels (RPV) is of upmost importance to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission since there is no backup or redundancy to this component. These vessels must maintain high toughness in order to assure integrity despite the fact the vessel toughness decreases with neutron irradiation from the running of the plant. Currently the toughness loss of the RPV is inferred from generic equations or the change in measured toughness of samples irradiated in the RPV. A nondestructive evaluation technique to monitor the toughness of the RPV would enhance integrity assessments of the vessel. Such an NDE technique must have the ability to measure the microstructural changes resulting from irradiation that effect the toughness of the RPV steel. Additionally the technique must be able to investigate the RPV through the thickness without removing the stainless steel weld cladding on the surface. Although the development of such an NDE technique may be difficult the U. S. NRC is supporting such research in hopes of developing more information concerning the toughness of U. S. RPVs.
Probabilistic Causal Reasoning in Decision Support Systems

Probabilistic causal reasoning plays a major role in many decision support systems (DSS), including systems based on classical decision analysis, influence diagrams, fault tree analysis, and expert systems. Causal reasoning in DSS is often modeled as a series of subjective unconditional, conditional and/or joint probabilities.
Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities for Entry‐Level Business Analytics Positions: A Multi‐Method Study

It is impossible to deny the significant impact from the emergence of big data and business analytics” on the fields of Information Technology, Quantitative Methods, and the Decision Sciences. Both industry and academia seek to hire talent in these areas with the hope of developing organizational competencies. This article describes a multi-method research agenda that was executed to ascertain insights regarding which knowledge, skills, and abilities, (KSAs) are valued by employers seeking to hire entry-level analytics professionals from schools of business. Current undergraduate business analytics programs are first examined to define the research scope. A triangulated mixed-method research approach is then used to determine the knowledge, skills, and abilities that are in demand for entry-level jobs in this area. Finally, the multi-method triangulation of data is combined with experiences in building academic programs in business analytics at two nationally-ranked state universities to offer insights for those seeking to develop academic programs in this area.
Osteoarthritis in the Elderly

Osteoarthritis is the most common cause of chronic disability in older adults. It is a slowly progressive degenerative disorder of articular joints that has multiple etiologies with age being a key factor. Osteoarthritis most commonly affects the hands, knees, hips and spine with knee osteoarthritis representing a major cause of pain and activity limitation. Current therapies are focused on symptom relief while interventions proven to slow or stop the structural progression of the disease are not yet available. No longer considered a “wear and tear” condition that is an inevitable consequence of aging, it is becoming increasingly evident that osteoarthritis has elements of chronic inflammation associated with an imbalance in anabolic and catabolic activity within affected joint tissues. Age-related changes in the cells and tissues of the joint, including cell senescence, oxidative stress, a decline in autophagy, epigenetic alterations, and matrix damage all appear to contribute to the development and progression of osteoarthritis. Which of these may serve as effective targets will be a key question to address in the search for disease modifying interventions.
The Development of the Ascocarp of Acrospermum Compressum

The genus Acrospermum was founded by Tode (1790) with A. compressum as the type species. Rehm (1887) considered the genus as one of the Hysteriales. Ellis and Everhart (1892) transferred it from that order to the Hypocreales. The family Acrospermaceae was erected for the genus by Lindau (1896) who incorporated it tentatively in the Hysteriales. Von Hohnel (1917), regarding the fungus as undoubtedly pyrenomycetous, placed it in the Sordariaceae of the Sphaeriales. Riddle (1920), who studied the internal structure of the mature ascocarp in stained paraffin sections, concluded that the genus was clearly re? lated to the Hypocreales, it being obviously similar to them in texture and coloration. Clements and Shear (1931) follow Ellis and Everhart and Riddle in considering Acrospermum as one of the Hypocreales. Arnaud (1930) recently added one more taxonomic position for consideration, namely, that of the Caliciees, a discomycetous group treated by him as closely related to the Coryneliales. These several divergent points of view, with the exception of that of Riddle, were based chiefly on the superficial appearance of the fruit-body. As the taxonomic position of Acrospermum is clearly in doubt, and as its possible relationship to the Coryneliales is of interest in connection with researches in progress on that group, the present investigation was suggested by Professor Fitzpatrick. Emphasis has been placed by us upon the nature and origin of the ascocarp wall and ascigerous cavity, the initiation and development of the asci, and the shape and character of the ostiolar opening.
Relationship of breast feeding and weight loss to jaundice in the newborn period: review of the literature and results of a study.

A group of 588 consecutively born infants at a community hospital were studied at half-day intervals during their routine hospitalization for jaundice and its relationship to breast milk or formula. Any infant exhibiting a potential risk for jaundice was eliminated from the study. Breast-milk-fed (BMF) infants demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of serum bilirubin (SB) >10 mg/dl and >15 mg/dl (P
A paradox of support seeking and support response among gays and lesbians

Individuals that perceive stigma surrounding their identity and fear rejection of support requests may experience a paradox whereby they seek support indirectly from support networks (friends and family) to avoid rejection and are met with unsupportive responses. This study extended this paradox to sexual minorities using survey data from a sample of 133 individuals self-identified as gay and lesbian. Results of structural equation modeling showed self-stigma and fear of support rejection linked to increased indirect support seeking, which in turn explained unsupportive network responses, providing support for a paradox among gays and lesbians. Findings may have implications for interventions to improve support exchanges in the lives of sexual minorities.
The Practical Approaches of Hu Jintao's "People" Thought

The new generation of central collective leadership,with Hu Jintao as the general secretary,put forward the new "people" thought and specific practical approaches to provide practice guide for strengthening and improving Party building and fulfilling the purpose of serving the people heart and soul better on the basis of exercising power for the people,showing concern for the people and bringing benefit to the people.The practical approaches of Hu Jintao's "people" thought is: positively promoting the economic construction,meeting the people's material demand,promoting the political construction,guaranteeing the people's political rights,promoting the cultural construction and enriching people's spiritual life,promoting the social construction and improving people's livelihood.
Invited - Cross-layer modeling and optimization for electromigration induced reliability

In this paper, we propose a new approach for cross-layer electromigration (EM) induced reliability modeling and optimization at physics, system and datacenter levels. We consider a recently proposed physics-based electromigration (EM) reliability model to predict the EM reliability of full-chip power grid networks for long-term failures. We show how the new physics-based dynamic EM model at the physics level can be abstracted at the system level and even at the datacenter level. Our datacenter system-level power model is based on the BigHouse simulator. To speed up the online optimization for energy in a datacenter, we propose a new combined datacenter power and reliability compact model using a learning based approach in which a feed-forward neural network (FNN) is trained to predict energy and long term reliability for each processor under datacenter scheduling and workloads. To optimize the energy and reliability of a datacenter, we apply the efficient adaptive Q-learning based reinforcement learning method. Experimental results show that the proposed compact models for the datacenter system trained with different workloads under different cluster power modes and scheduling policies are able to build accurate energy and lifetime. Moreover, the proposed optimization method effectively manages and optimizes data-center energy subject to reliability, given power budget and performance.
Effects of adrenergic agonists and insulin on porcine adipose tissue lipid metabolism in vitro.

Because this laboratory has been able to demonstrate only a small and somewhat inconsistent stimulation of glucose metabolism by insulin in porcine adipose tissue in vitro, the tissue was preincubated with insulin to attempt to enhance the hormone effect. Preincubation with or without insulin did not increase insulin stimulation. Furthermore, insulin did not stimulate triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Adrenergic hormones stimulated lipolysis in porcine adipose tissue in vitro. Several analogs of norepinephrine incubated with porcine adipose tissue in vitro did not inhibit glucose incorporation into CO 2 or total lipids, in contrast to inhibition observed in adipose tissue from other species, lsoproterenol inhibited glycerol-3-phosphate incorporation into lipids; the maximal inhibition was 50% for the initial stages of the pathway. Palmitate incorporation into lipids also was inhibited 50% by isoproterenol but this may have been an artifact. Preincubation of adipose tissue, with no exogenous hormone, might decrease the concentration of endogenous adrenergic hormones and thus make the tissue more responsive to exogenous adrenergic hormones. Preincubation of porcine adipose tissue did not consistently lower the basal lipolytic rate but enhanced the stimulated lipolytic rate; the mechanism is not known. These experiments provide no evidence that preincubation is beneficial to measurement of lipolysis or glucose metabolism in porcine adipose tissue in vitro.
Improvement of endothelial function following initiation of testosterone replacement therapy

Background: Isolated recent studies have suggested an increased risk of heart attack as early as 3 months following testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). Such a rapid risk increase would likely require rapid deterioration of arterial endothelial function. Our goal was to assess arterial endothelial function in hypogonadal men prior to and at least 3 months after initiation of TRT. Methods: Adult men were consented if they had symptoms of hypogonadism, a total testosterone 1.69). Prior studies suggest that a 10% level of day-to-day test variability is expected. Endothelial function was reassessed at the next clinic visit, between 3 and 6 months if the patients were compliant with therapy. Changes in continuous variables were assessed with the paired t test. Results: Twenty-three patients were consented with a mean age of 52.7 years (range, 34–68 years) and starting testosterone 196.9 ng/dL (range, 35–339 ng/dL). There was a history of diabetes in four, hypertension in ten and coronary artery disease in five. Mean RHI was 1.67±0.37 (70% were abnormal) and mean AI was 2.57%±14.0% (39% were abnormal). There were no cardiac events. At follow-up 20 patients were compliant with therapy and retested. Mean testosterone increased from 203 to 511 (P Conclusions: Men with symptomatic hypogonadism often have abnormal arterial endothelial function. Following TRT, endothelial function either remains unchanged or improves.
Adherence to Newly Prescribed Diabetes Medications Among Insured Latino and White Patients With Diabetes

Importance Medication adherence is essential to diabetes care. Patient-physician language barriers may affect medication adherence among Latino individuals. Objective To determine the association of patient race/ethnicity, preferred language, and physician language concordance with patient adherence to newly prescribed diabetes medications. Design, Setting, and Participants This observational study was conducted from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2012, at a large integrated health care delivery system with professional interpreter services. Insured patients with type 2 diabetes, including English-speaking white, English-speaking Latino, or limited English proficiency (LEP) Latino patients with newly prescribed diabetes medication. Exposures Patient race/ethnicity, preferred language, and physician self-reported Spanish-language fluency. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary nonadherence (never dispensed), early-stage nonpersistence (dispensed only once), late-stage nonpersistence (received ≥2 dispensings, but discontinued within 24 months), and inadequate overall medication adherence (>20% time without sufficient medication supply during 24 months after initial prescription). Results Participants included 21 878 white patients, 5755 English-speaking Latino patients, and 3205 LEP Latino patients with a total of 46 131 prescriptions for new diabetes medications. Among LEP Latino patients, 50.2% (n = 1610) had a primary care physician reporting high Spanish fluency. For oral medications, early adherence varied substantially: 1032 LEP Latino patients (32.2%), 1565 English-speaking Latino patients (27.2%), and 4004 white patients (18.3%) were either primary nonadherent or early nonpersistent. Inadequate overall adherence was observed in 1929 LEP Latino patients (60.2%), 2975 English-speaking Latino patients (51.7%), and 8204 white patients (37.5%). For insulin, early-stage nonpersistence was 42.8% among LEP Latino patients (n = 1372), 34.4% among English-speaking Latino patients (n = 1980), and 28.5% among white patients (n = 6235). After adjustment for patient and physician characteristics, LEP Latino patients were more likely to be nonadherent to oral medications and insulin than English-speaking Latino patients (relative risks from 1.11 [95% CI, 1.06-1.15] to 1.17 [95% CI, 1.02-1.34];P .28). Conclusions and Relevance Nonadherence to newly prescribed diabetes medications is substantially greater among Latino than white patients, even among English-speaking Latino patients. Limited English proficiency Latino patients are more likely to be nonadherent than English-speaking Latino patients independent of the Spanish-language fluency of their physicians. Interventions beyond access to interpreters or patient-physician language concordance will be required to improve medication adherence among Latino patients with diabetes.
The political economy of social policy implementation: evidence from the decentralization of the RMI in France

This paper studies the political economy of social policy implementation. Analyzing the decentralization of a major French social program, I show that the local political environment strongly shapes subnational implementation choices when implementation and financing are delegated to subnational governments. This is despite the fact that laws and rules governing the program remain nominally national. I find that local executive partisanship and budgetary constraints are correlated with the generosity of benefit administration and investments in active labor market policies. Right-wing executives tend to tighten cash benefit administration, but invest more in active labor market policies relative to left-wing executives. This is consistent with partisan conflict over the relative importance of activation versus decommodification of recipients. Variation in budgetary constraints also gives rise to divergences in implementation, with richer jurisdictions keeping benefit administration relatively generous and investing more in active labor market programs. In the aggregate, decentralization results in tighter cash benefit administration and increased variance in active labor market policy effort. I discuss implications for the study of social policy implementation, the politics of active labor market policies, and differences in benefit take-up.
CHAPTER 11 – T-Cell Receptor/pMHC Complexes

The evolution of a common docking mode that enables the ⍺β TCR to survey the contents of the MHC binding groove is remarkable. However, the seven independent complex structures determined so far have not yet revealed the basis for this conserved orientation. No absolutely conserved pairs of interactions are apparent in these different TCR/pMHC complex interfaces that would account for their relatively fixed docking orientations. The variability in the tilt, twist, and roll of the TCR indicates that the docking problem is solved in detail differently in each case to provide sufficient complementarity for binding. However, the lack of the membrane-anchoring domains in the constructs used for the current structure determinations will remain a problem until intact membrane proteins can be routinely crystallized. Future studies will also reveal how bulky ligands, such as bulged peptides, glycopeptides, or glycolipids in the case of CDl can be accommodated in the TCR/pMHC interface.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE TEMPERATURE RELATIONS OF FIDDLER CRABS (UCA SPP.)

Abstract Work in progress on Uca spp. at Inhaca is concerned with the evolution of terrestrial fauna and with physiological factors involved in local distribution. Upper lethal temperatures are sharp, specifically distinct, and show acclimatization. Lower lethals are less sharp and not specifically distinct. Sharpness of the upper lethals may be the result of selection, since crabs are in nature exposed to near lethal temperatures. Acclimatization in respect of O2 uptake is of selective advantage, and acclimatization in respect of upper lethal temperatures may be a neccessary result, rather than advantageous in itself.