cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toluene-Sandwiched Trinuclear Copper(I) and Silver(I) Triazolates and Phosphine Adducts of Dinuclear Copper(I) and Silver(I) Triazolates

CuI and AgI complexes of the fluorinated triazolate ligand [3,5-(C3F7)2Tz]− have been synthesized using the corresponding metal(I) oxides and the triazole. They form π-acid/base adducts with toluene, leading to [Tol][M3][Tol] ([Tol] = toluene; [M3] = {[3,5-(C3F7)2Tz]Cu}3 or {[3,5-(C3F7)2Tz]Ag}3) type structures. Packing diagrams show the presence of extended chains of the type {[Tol][M3][Tol]}∞, but the intertoluene ring distances are too long for significant π-arene/π-arene contacts. These copper and silver triazolates react with PPh3 (at a 1:1 metal ion/P molar ratio), leading to dinuclear {[3,5-(C3F7)2Tz]Cu(PPh3)}2 and {[3,5-(C3F7)2Tz]Ag(PPh3)}2. They feature a six-membered Cu(μ-N−N)2Cu or Ag(μ-N−N)2Ag core with a boat conformation.
Automation possibilities in air traffic control

The growing labor intensiveness of the air traffic control system, and concerns over the safety of aircraft operations, are focusing increased attention on the possibilities of increasing the level of automation. Advances in computer technology and communication techniques offer the potential for significant improvements in the operation of the traffic control system. This paper reviews the functions of air traffic control and, based on detailed studies of these functions, outlines an approach which has the potential of achieving a significantly higher level of automation with resulting improvement in safety and operating efficiency.
Investigation of 16O excited states via the 14N(3He, p) reaction☆

Abstract The reaction 14N(3He, p)16O has been investigated at a bombarding energy of 15.0 MeV, using a differentially pumped gas target. Angular distributions were measured for 30 levels below 16.5 MeV in excitation. Data were compared with shell-model calculations of Zuker, Buck and McGrory for states whose correspondence with theory is established. Many states are found to possess a large compound-nucleus reaction component. Several previously unreported levels are observed at high excitation. Angular distributions for all except the weakest levels have been compared with DWBA calculations.
The stages of glaucoma.

w m t a m i s e a A t p s a m w a d e t t d o c d c l i s a w c l t p N THE ARTICLE BY MILLS AND COAUTHORS,1 THE AUthors discuss the categorization of the stages of glaucoma from prediagnosis to end-stage disease by a novel ix point system. When clinicians or scientists share nformation about any disease, it is helpful if they can do o within the context of clearly defined and generally ccepted stages for that disease process. There are numerus examples of such staging systems within both the phthalmic and general medical literature. Dr. Mills and is coauthors propose a reasonable staging system for visual eld progression in glaucoma. The benefits of a staging system for visual field progresion in glaucoma may be self-evident, but are of sufficient mportance as to be worth a brief review. For clinicians, ne benefit is as an aide in answering their patient’s ommonly asked question of “How bad is my glaucoma?” A taging system allows clinicians to explain to their patients he relative degree of their glaucomatous damage, in omparison to other patients with different stages of visual eld loss. Another clinical benefit of a staging system for isual field loss in glaucoma is to assist in monitoring the ourse of a patient’s disease. Knowing whether a patient’s ondition is stable, worsening, or improving materially ffects the management of the condition. As Mills and oworkers suggest, an effective staging system, such as heirs, could provide a new standard for diagnosing, montoring, and cost-effectively treating glaucoma. We agree ith their emphasis on encouraging early diagnosis and areful, standardized monitoring of glaucoma treatment, as means of significantly delaying disease progression. A staging system for visual field progression also has enefits for clinical investigators who are studying new orms of treatment for glaucoma. A medical or surgical reatment to control intraocular pressure might perform etter at one stage of the disease than another, so it is mportant that different treatment groups within a study re at comparable baseline stages of the disease. Visual field tability or progression is, also, an important outcome easure for many clinical trials in glaucoma, again undercoring the importance of a practical staging system for
Structural evolution of connecting splay duplexes and their implications for critical taper: an example based on geometry and kinematics of the Canyon Range culmination, Sevier Belt, Central Utah

Abstract Critical taper in an evolving orogenic wedge can be maintained by structural thickening in the back of the wedge. This is often achieved by folding and uplift of pre-existing large, internal thrust sheets by the continued growth and/or reactivation of duplexes in the hinterland. The growth of a blind imbricate complex off a lower thrust provides another mechanism for folding a higher thrust. Individual splays in a blind imbricate complex may have fault propagation folds and/or fault bend folds associated with them. If the splays reach the overlying thrust, they serve as connecting splays between the lower thrust (floor) and the upper thrust (roof), thereby forming a connecting splay duplex (CSD). This type of duplex geometry requires periodic reactivation of the pre-existing roof thrust. The Canyon Range thrust in central Utah is an internal thrust that is folded into an overturned antiform-synform pair and overrides its own synorogenic conglomerates. The same conglomerates are infolded into the core of the synform and preserve critical timing information regarding the history of folding and thrust reactivation. The folding is caused by the development of a footwall antiformal stack in the core of the Canyon Range antiformal culmination; the geometry and timing relationships suggest that the structure grew as a CSD. Regional timing relationships suggest that the growth of the CSD and reactivation of the thrust took place during the later part of the evolution of the orogenic wedge, and may have helped the wedge maintain critical taper during thrusting in the external fold-and-thrust belt.
Aggregator analysis for efficient day-time charging of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

The introduction of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) will result in the synergy of the transportation sector and the electric power sector. The widespread use of PHEVs over the next few years will result in a great number of benefits to the electric power sector as well as have significant environmental benefits. Utilizing Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technology, the PHEV will be able to feed power into the grid. The V2G feature will also enable the PHEV user to earn revenue. However, multiple V2G transactions between vehicle and grid could result in battery degradation. Smart aggregator action coupled with a thorough understanding of battery models is the key to ensuring that a balance is obtained between the need for profit and ensuring the proper maintenance of battery health parameters. In this paper the optimal charging profile is calculated using Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO). The charge trajectory of the Li-ion battery is analyzed with respect to the number of V2G transactions that take place between 9 AM to 5 PM.
How and why terrorism corrupts the consistency principle of organizational justice

We examined the impact of terrorism on the administration of organizational justice. Based on Terror Management Theory (TMT), it was hypothesized that punishment of deviance would change following an act of terrorism. Specifically, deviant individuals who committed an act high in moral severity would receive more extreme punishment after a terrorist attack than they would have received prior to this incident—thereby compromising consistency in the punishment of deviance, which many organizations seek to maintain. We tested this premise by examining archival punishment data before and after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The organization we chose was charged with the consistent dispensation of justice and legally constrained in the severity of punishment it could assess—thereby providing a conservative test of our hypotheses. All predictions were supported. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the intractability of estrogen-related receptor α as a target for activation by small molecules

The estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRalpha) is a potential target for activation in the treatment of metabolic disease. To date, no small-molecule agonists of ERRalpha have been identified despite several high-throughput screening campaigns. We describe the synthesis and profiling of a small array of compounds designed on the basis of a previously reported agonist-bound crystal structure of the closely related receptor ERRgamma. The results suggest that ERRalpha may be intractable as a direct target for pharmacologic activation.
Membrane Attachment Is Key to Protecting Transducin GTPase-Activating Complex from Intracellular Proteolysis in Photoreceptors

The members of the R7 regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) protein subfamily are versatile regulators of G-protein signaling throughout the nervous system. Recent studies indicate that they are often found in complexes with membrane anchor proteins that serve as versatile modulators of their activity, intracellular targeting, and stability. One striking example is the interplay between the membrane anchor R9AP and the RGS9-1 · Gβ5 GTPase-activating complex responsible for the rapid inactivation of the G-protein transducin in vertebrate photoreceptor cells during their recovery from light excitation. The amount of this complex in photoreceptors sets their temporal resolution and is precisely regulated by the expression level of R9AP, which serves to protect the RGS9-1 and Gβ5 subunits from intracellular proteolysis. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which R9AP performs its protective function in mouse rods and found that it is entirely confined to recruiting RGS9-1 · Gβ5 to cellular membranes. Furthermore, membrane attachment of RGS9-1 · Gβ5 is sufficient for its stable expression in rods even in the absence of R9AP. Our second finding is that RGS9-1 · Gβ5 possesses targeting information that specifies its exclusion from the outer segment and that this information is neutralized by association with R9AP to allow outer segment targeting. Finally, we demonstrate that the ability of R9AP · RGS9-1 · Gβ5 to accelerate GTP hydrolysis on transducin is independent of its means of membrane attachment, since replacing the transmembrane domain of R9AP with a site for lipid modification did not impair the catalytic activity of this complex.
Electric-dipole and magnetic-dipole interference in the spin resonance of conduction electrons in Wurtzite semiconductors

Recent studies of magnetotransmission in n-type InSb revealed an unusually strong conduction electron spin resonance which changed upon reversal of either the applied magnetic field B → o or the direction of propagation q → of the incident radiation. This was attributed to an interference between electric-dipole and magnetic dipole interactions, the former being allowed by a spin-orbit interaction lacking inversion symmetry. We study here a similar phenomenon for conduction band electrons in semiconductors having the Wurtzite structure.
Alternative Energy Distributed Generation: Need for Multi-Source Operation

Power deregulation, which resulted in restructuring of the power industry, and shortage of transmission line capacities have led to increased interest in the use of distributed generation (DG) sources, mainly at the distribution level near load centers, for support of the utility grid. Moreover, technological advances in renewable (wind, solar) and other alternative energy DG (AEDG) sources, e.g. microturbines and fuel cells, coupled with environmental concerns over the use of conventional steam power plants have developed especial interest in their use. However, because of the non-dispatchable nature of renewable energy and slow nature of some alternative energy power generation sources, e.g. fuel cells, multi-source operation of these sources and/or their parallel operation with a storage device is necessary to make their operation more reliable. This paper discusses the need for multi-source operation of AEDGs. It reviews four different AEDG sources - wind, solar photovoltaic (PV), microturbine, and fuel cells - and discusses their multi- source operation for better power management and reliability.
Attachment relationships in Early Head Start families

The remarkable papers in this Special Issue underscore the importance of applied research on families in poverty, the opportunities to developmental science of the Early Head Start National Research and Evaluation Project, and the mutual benefits from collaborations between research scientists and program practitioners. This commentary highlights the insights of these papers concerning the consequences of maternal attachment style and mother-child interaction, the challenges of assessing attachment in intervention research, and the program and policy implications of these findings.
Sea urchin sperm chromatin structure as probed by pancreatic DNase I: Evidence for a novel cutting periodicity

Abstract Chromatin from mature sea urchin spermatozoa is highly compacted and composed almost entirely of DNA and the five histones, although sperm H1, H2A, and H2b histones differ from those found in embryo or somatic cell nuclei. Release of acid-soluble DNA during pancreatic DNase I digestion is 20-fold slower from sperm nuclei than from embryonic nuclei. Following DNase I digestion, most sperm nuclear DNA remains at high molecular weight, although there appears to be some release of 10 base oligomer fragments. Size analysis of the higher molecular weight DNA reveals a series of fragments that indicate a cutting periodicity of approximately 500 base pairs. This pattern remains when electrophoretic separation is carried out under denaturing conditions. The 500 base pair cleavage pattern was not detected in digestions of embryonic nuclei. Nucleosomes reconstituted with fractionated core histones from sperm gave, upon digestion, a characteristic 10 base “ladder,” with no resistant high molecular weight DNA. Micrococcal nuclease and DNase II digested sperm nuclei to produce DNA fragments with a calculated repeat length of 248 ± 3 and 246 ± 6 base pairs, respectively. The structural basis for the 500 base pair cutting periodicity in sperm nuclei may reside in the unique sperm H1 histone.
Effect of the acoustic boundary layer on the wave propagation in ducts

An analysis is presented for the wave propagation in two‐dimensional and circular lined ducts taking into account the effects of viscosity in both the mean and the acoustic problems. The method of composite expansions is used to express each acoustic flow quantity as the sum of an inviscid part and a boundary layer part insignificant outside a thin layer next to the wall. The problem is reduced to solving a second‐order ordinary differential equation for the pressure perturbation as in the inviscid acoustic case but with a modified specific wall admittance. An analytic expression is presented for the variation of the modified admittance with the wall and flow parameters, such as the acoustic boundary layer thickness, the mean velocity and temperature gradients at the wall, the frequency of oscillation, and the wavelength.
Treatment of Congenital Hemiparesis With Pediatric Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy

To determine efficacy of pediatric Constraint-Induced Movement therapy, 20 children with congenital hemiparesis (ages 2 to 6 years) were randomly assigned to receive the treatment or usual care. Controls crossed over to the therapy after 6 months. Children receiving the therapy first exhibited emergence of more new classes of motor patterns and skills (eg, crawling, thumb-forefinger prehension; 6.4 vs 0.02, P < .0001, effect size d = 1.3), and demonstrated significant gains in spontaneous use of the more affected arm at home (2.2 vs 0.1, P < .0001, d = 3.8) and in a laboratory motor function test. Depending on the measure, benefits were maintained (range, no loss to 68% retention over 6 months). When controls crossed over to the therapy, they exhibited improvements as great as or greater than those receiving therapy first. Thus, Constraint-Induced Movement therapy appears to be efficacious for young children with hemiparesis consequent to congenital stroke.
Cross-Field Error in Unsymmetrical Range Finders*

As a result of tests made at the National Bureau of Standards on certain range finders of unsymmetrical construction, it was found that the observed range depended upon the position in the field of view at which the coincidence was obtained. Examination of the components of the instruments for the source of this effect was unsuccessful. It was concluded that the effect was a consequence of the difference in distance, by way of the two windows of the range finder, from the target to the viewing telescope. The magnitude of the effect is accounted for by analysis on this assumption.
Ethical Responsibility for the Community's Mental Health: A Professional Nursing Role

TOPIC A review of data from multiple sources indicates a decline in support services for children and families, and an increase in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders as well as psychosocial problems among children. A discussion of trends reveals reforms that are reducing all healthcare expenditures and limiting the provision of publicly funded services. PURPOSE To discuss the essential values of professional nursing and considers them as a basis for needed nursing action. CONCLUSION Individual nurses have an ethical responsibility to take social, political, and economic actions to enhance community mental health. Specific strategies and approaches for doing so are presented.
Pressure-assisted sample preparation for proteomic analysis

Pressure-assisted digestion of proteins, also known as pressure cycling technology (PCT), using a Barocycler NEP 2320 was compared with the conventional method using atmospheric pressure. Our objective was to demonstrate that PCT provides more controlled enzymatic digestion of proteins than prolonged digestion at atmospheric pressure ranging from 18 to 24 h. More controlled digestion would be beneficial for studies of highly posttranslationally modified protein such as histones. For the comparison of these two techniques, recombinant and native histone H4 were used as model proteins. PCT was optimized for pressure and time, and it was found to be most effective at 15 kpsi for 120 min of incubation. In conclusion, the PCT method was found to be much faster than using atmospheric pressure. PCT was also found to allow for unambiguous control of digestion parameters and to provide a high yield of sequence coverage compared with atmospheric pressure.
Evolving Methods in Genetic Epidemiology. II. Genetic Linkage from an Epidemiologic Perspective

As little as two decades ago, the remarkable advances in molecular genetic technology and their implications for human genetic diseases could not have been predicted. The notion of positional cloning, whereby a mutant gene causing a disease is identified by determining its precise location in the genome, had not yet been conceived. Yet numerous recent successes in identifying mutant genes for both dominant and recessive disorders have amply demonstrated the general feasibility of this approach. Hence, linkage analysis, the first step in positional cloning, has taken on new significance, as detection of linkage offers the possibility of identification of the causative gene. These developments are also important to epidemiologists. Genes are risk factors for disease, and, thus, their identification and determination of their population frequency have direct relevance to understanding disease etiology and to developing appropriate public health measures. The phenomenon of genetic linkage derives from the fact that genes coexist on chromosomes. In humans, there are 22 pairs of non-sex chromosomes (called autosomes) and one pair of sex chromosomes, which are two X chromosomes in females and an X and Y chromosome in males. In meiosis, the two chromosomes in a pair segregate, so that only one chromosome of each pair is transmitted to a gamete. The various chromosomes segregate independently, so that alleles which are located on different chromosomes will also segregate independently. This means that two traits which are encoded by loci on different
Photonic-crystal distributed-feedback quantum cascade lasers

Because of an intrinsically low linewidth-enhancement factor, the quantum cascade laser (QCL) is especially favorable for patterning with a recently proposed 2-D photonic crystal (PC) lattice that substantially increases the device area over which optical coherence can be maintained. In this work, we use an original time-domain Fourier-transform (TDFT) algorithm to theoretically investigate the beam quality and spectral purity of gain-guided PC distributed-feedback (DFB) quantum cascade lasers. The conventional 1-D DFB laser and also the angled-grating DFB (/spl alpha/-DFB) laser are special cases of the PCDFB geometry. By searching the parameter space consisting of tilt angle, coupling coefficients, stripe width, and cavity length, we have theoretically optimized the PCDFB gratings for QCL gain regions. At a wavelength of 4.6 /spl mu/m, the simulations project single-mode emission from stripes as wide as 1.2 mm, and etendues of no more than three times the diffraction limit for 2-mm stripes. We also examine the tolerances required for single-mode and high-brightness operation. Comparisons are made to analogous simulations of a-DFB QCL lasers.
Spark plasma sintering of oxides and carbide dispersed zirconia inert matrix fuels

Abstract Zirconia-based inert matrix fuels reinforced by ZrC were synthesized via spark plasma sintering (SPS). Composites with full density were obtained. In order to prevent the oxidation introduced by dispersed ZrC in the bulk composite, SiC and ZrB 2 were later added into the composite and their capability to improve oxidation resistance was examined. SiC was found to form an oxidation layer which could enhance the oxidation resistance. In addition, micro hardness was improved attributing to effective sintering facilitated by silica flow and distribution of ZrC. With an optimum sintering condition and the addition of SiC, thermal conductivity was improved at higher temperature with the help of unoxidized ZrC reinforcement in the bulk composite.
Microtubule disruption targets HIF-1α mRNA to cytoplasmic P-bodies for translational repression

The hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is overexpressed in solid tumors, driving tumor angiogenesis and survival. However, the mechanisms regulating HIF-1α expression in solid tumors are not fully understood. In this study, we find that microtubule integrity and dynamics are intricately involved in orchestrating HIF-1α translation. HIF-1α messenger RNA (mRNA) traffics on dynamic microtubules when it is actively translated. Microtubule perturbation by taxol (TX) and other microtubule-targeting drugs stalls HIF-1α mRNA transport and releases it from polysomes, suppressing its translation. Immunoprecipitation of the P-body component Argonaute 2 (Ago2) after microtubule disruption shows significant enrichment of HIF-1α mRNAs and HIF-targeting microRNAs (miRNAs). Inhibition of HIF-repressing miRNAs or Ago2 knockdown abrogates TX’s ability to suppress HIF-1α translation. Interestingly, microtubule repolymerization after nocodazole washout allows HIF-1α mRNA to reenter active translation, suggesting that microtubule dynamics exert tight yet reversible control over HIF-1α translation. Collectively, we provide evidence for a new mechanism of microtubule-dependent HIF-1α translation with important implications for cell biology.
Using Hierarchical Dependency Data Flows to Enable Dynamic Scalability on Parallel Patterns

Hierarchical dependencies are presented as an extension to data flow programming that allows parallel programs dynamically scale on a heterogeneous environment. The concept can help Grid parallel programs to cope with changes in processors, or Cloud and multi-core frameworks to manage energy use. A data stream with dependencies can be split, which in turn allows for a greater use of processors. The concept shows a 6% overhead when running with split dependencies on shared memory. The overhead on a cluster environment is masked by the network delay. Hierarchical dependencies show a 18.23% increase in non-functional code when the feature was added to a 5-point stencil implementation.
Individuals Poststroke Do Not Perceive Their Spatiotemporal Gait Asymmetries as Abnormal

Background Following stroke, spatiotemporal gait asymmetries persist into the chronic phases, despite the neuromuscular capacity to produce symmetric walking patterns. This persistence of gait asymmetry may be due to deficits in perception, as the newly established asymmetric gait pattern is perceived as ‘normal’. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of usual overground gait asymmetry on the ability to consciously and unconsciously perceive the presence of gait asymmetry in people post stroke. Design Observational study Methods Thirty people post stroke walked overground and on a split-belt treadmill with the belts moving at different speeds (0% to 70% difference) to impose varied step length and stance time asymmetries. Conscious awareness and subconscious detection of imposed gait patterns were determined for each subject and the asymmetry magnitudes at those points were compared to overground gait. Results For both spatial and temporal asymmetry variables, the asymmetry magnitude at the threshold of awareness was significantly greater than the asymmetry present at the threshold of detection, or during overground gait (all p≤0.05). Subjects appeared to identify belt speed differences from the type of gait asymmetry they presented with (i.e., step length or stance time asymmetries during overground gait). Limitations Very few subjects with severe spatiotemporal asymmetry were tested and individuals were instructed to identify asymmetric belt speeds rather than interlimb movements. Conclusions These data suggest that asymmetry magnitudes need to exceed usual overground levels to reach conscious awareness. Therefore, we propose that the spatiotemporal asymmetry that is specific to each subject may need to be augmented beyond what they usually walk with in order to promote awareness of asymmetric gait patterns for long-term correction and learning.
AIDS Crisis and Growth

Abstract We investigate an OLG economy where an AIDS epidemic influences human capital accumulation and growth through the creation of large numbers of orphans. We study how intra-family allocations regarding school and work time of children are adjusted in the face of AIDS within a family, and how, in turn, these adjustments influence accumulation of physical and human capital. We compute the aggregate effects of an AIDS epidemic on human and physical capital accumulation and growth. We find that growth effects of an AIDS epidemic are large. Some policies such as subsidization of AIDS medication have relatively small effects.
West Nile Virus Detection in Nonvascular Feathers from Avian Carcasses

West Nile virus (WNV) is a public health threat and has caused the death of thousands of North American birds. As such, surveillance for WNV has been ongoing, utilizing numerous biological specimens and testing methods. Nonvascular (i.e., fully grown) feathers would provide a simple method of collection from either dead or live birds of all ages and molt cycles, with presumably less biosafety risk compared with other specimen types, including feather pulp. The current study evaluates WNV detection in nonvascular feathers removed from naturally infected avian carcasses of several species groups. Feathers of corvid passeriforms had the highest sensitivity of detection (64%), followed by noncorvid passeriforms (43%), columbiforms (33%), and falconiforms (31%). Storing feathers for 1 year at -20 degrees C or at ambient room temperature resulted in detection rates of infectious WNV of 16% and zero, respectively, but had no effect on detection rates of WNV RNA in a subset of matched feather pairs (47% for both storage temperatures). The efficacy of WNV detection in nonvascular feathers is greatly enhanced by testing multiple feathers. The advantages of using nonvascular feathers over other tissues may outweigh the relatively low detectability of WNV RNA in certain situations such as remote areas lacking resources for acquiring other types of samples or maintaining the cold chain.
Work in progress: Developing engineering systems thinking through the modeling of a complex bioengineering system

Systems thinking is an important habit of mind that should be promoted in K-12 engineering education. This work in progress paper describes how systems thinking was introduced in middle school grades through the modeling of a biological system: the artificial heart. Preliminary qualitative results show that introducing systems thinking through modeling is both feasible and useful. Students demonstrated their knowledge of the heart as a system through the structural, functional, and behavioral components of their models.
BRAIN CARBONIC ANHYDRASE: ACTIVITY IN ISOLATED MYELIN AND THE EFFECT OF HEXACHLOROPHENE

— Animals receiving hexachlorophene (HCP) in their diet develop cerebral edema with vacuolation of the myelin sheath. When carbonic anhydrase activities were measured in homogenates of brains from HCP-fed and control rats, the HCP-fed rats showed small decreases in the enzyme activity, but these changes were not statistically significant. HCP did inhibit the enzyme in vitro but at higher concentrations (10−5-10−4m) than have been reported for HCP levels in brains of experimental animals. Carbonic anhydrase activity was present in myelin preparations obtained by gradient centrifugation and osmotic shock or by subcellular fractionation. When the latter procedure was used, myelin carbonic anhydrase had a specific activity which was higher than that of the mitochondrial fraction. The myelin enzyme was inhibited by 10−910−8m-acetazolamide and, like the homogenates and the commercial enzyme, was inhibited by HCP. The mechanism for HCP toxicity remains unknown, but this study does suggest that carbonic anhydrase is an intrinsic component of the myelin sheath.
Hamartomas and epilepsy: clinical and imaging characteristics.

Abstract Purpose: Cerebral hamartomas are lesions marked by a disorganized arrangement of mature neural elements and represent a rare cause of medically intractable focal epilepsy. We present the clinical presentation and imaging findings of this rare entity. Methods: History and neurophysiological studies of 14 patients with pathologically confirmed hamartomas who had surgery for intractable focal epilepsy were reviewed. MRIs were available for review in 10 patients. Results: The lesions were most commonly located in the temporal and frontal lobes. Seizure semiology was concordant with the anatomic location of the hamartoma in all patients. Nine of the thirteen patients (69%) with the hamartoma confined to one lobe had interictal spikes and sharp waves at the corresponding electrodes. The ictal pattern was confined to the same lobe of the hamartoma in five of nine patients with ictal recordings. Although imaging characteristics were variable, all patients had signal increase on T2-weighted images and 50% of them had mild mass effect. Neocortical involvement was present in the majority of patients (7/10), blurring of the gray/white matter interface was seen in seven patients. Five of those seven patients were found to have associated cortical dysplasia by pathology. Conclusion: Hamartomas represent a rare entity and may cause devastating epilepsy. Imaging characteristics are difficult to distinguish from those of some other developmental tumors. Hamartomas are frequently associated with microscopic cortical dysplasia (CD), thus underlining their malformative etiology.
Directed evolution of toluene ortho-monooxygenase for enhanced 1-naphthol synthesis and chlorinated ethene degradation.

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is the most frequently detected groundwater contaminant, and 1-naphthol is an important chemical manufacturing intermediate. Directed evolution was used to increase the activity of toluene ortho-monooxygenase (TOM) of Burkholderia cepacia G4 for both chlorinated ethenes and naphthalene oxidation. When expressed in Escherichia coli, the variant TOM-Green degraded TCE (2.5 ± 0.3 versus 1.39 ± 0.05 nmol/min/mg of protein), 1,1-dichloroethylene, and trans-dichloroethylene more rapidly. Whole cells expressing TOM-Green synthesized 1-naphthol at a rate that was six times faster than that mediated by the wild-type enzyme at a concentration of 0.1 mM (0.19 ± 0.03 versus 0.029 ± 0.004 nmol/min/mg of protein), whereas at 5 mM, the mutant enzyme was active (0.07 ± 0.03 nmol/min/mg of protein) in contrast to the wild-type enzyme, which had no detectable activity. The regiospecificity of TOM-Green was unchanged, with greater than 97% 1-naphthol formed. The beneficial mutation of TOM-Green is the substitution of valine to alanine in position 106 of the α-subunit of the hydroxylase, which appears to act as a smaller “gate” to the diiron active center. This hypothesis was supported by the ability of E. coli expressing TOM-Green to oxidize the three-ring compounds, phenanthrene, fluorene, and anthracene faster than the wild-type enzyme. These results show clearly that random, in vitro protein engineering can be used to improve a large multisubunit protein for multiple functions, including environmental restoration and green chemistry.
Evaluation of asperity-scale temperature effects during seismic slip

Abstract For the common rock-forming minerals, the Joule–Thompson effect produces cooling on compression and heating on decompression. Experimental rock friction studies and seismological evidence suggest that the strength of faults is controlled by high-stress asperities that represent a small fraction of the total fault area. During seismic rupture, the area immediately beneath asperities is inferred to undergo adiabatic compressions and decompressions on the order of 1–2.8 GPa. Joule–Thompson coefficients are in the range 261–372 °C/GPa, resulting in temperature changes of ±336–880 °C. Quartz asperities with a compressive strength of 2.8 GPa can produce a heating or cooling of 880 °C immediately beneath an asperity. By comparison, frictional heating ‘flash temperatures’ are less than 1000 °C for asperity contact areas 2 . The Joule–Thompson effect is independent of asperity size and may augment or counteract frictional heating. The paucity of pseudotachylytes in the geologic record and the absence of localized heat flow anomalies on active faults might be explained by the Joule–Thompson cooling effect.
Current and Emerging Therapy for Primary Pulmonary Hypertension

OBJECTIVE:To review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical symptoms, and diagnostic workup of primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) and to discuss the available data on the current and emerging therapies being used to treat this disorder.DATA SOURCES:Primary and review articles were identified with a MEDLINE search (1966–December 2001) and through secondary sources.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:All articles identified from the data sources were evaluated and all information deemed relevant was included in this review.DATA SYNTHESIS:In the absence of a definable cause, PPH is a disorder classified by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and mean pulmonary artery pressure. A relatively rare condition, PPH has an annual incidence of 1–2 cases per million people, slightly higher in women than men. The prognosis is poor, with a mean survival time of 2.8 years after diagnosis if untreated. Vasoconstriction, vascular remodeling, and thrombosis are hallmarks of the disease process. An...
An operator's model for control and optimization of industrial processes

An operator's model is developed based on a polynomial fuzzy neural network architecture for control and optimization of industrial processes. Industrial processes possess complex dynamics which are accentuated under abnormal operating conditions. The operator plays a vital role in bringing the plant states back to a normal mode. In a typical industrial enterprise, knowledge of a specific process lies at three levels; skilled operator, process engineer, and design engineer. The model presented captures the operator's and engineer's corrective actions which are based on their experience and their knowledge of the system's behavioral patterns. The model is tested on a pH neutralization process and simulation results are presented.
DBRpc: a highly adaptable protocol for reliable DSM systems

This paper evaluates the Dynamic Boundary Restricted protocol with phase-checking (DBRpc). DBRpc is a highly-adaptable extension of DBR that can respond to changes in the network environment and application workload. DBRpc is suitable for reliable shared memory systems that require rapid and complete response to site failures and phase changes. In this paper, we compare DBRpc with traditional protocols as well as variants of the BR/DBR class of protocols. We find that DBRpc offers unequaled adaptability and availability while having competitive operation costs.
Measurements of Optical Spectra in Short Pulse Laser-Solid Interactions at Moderately Relativistic and Relativistic Laser Intensities

Summary form only given. We present a series of measured spectra, 200 nm-1090 nm with 1 nm resolution, for various target materials including: Al, Ti, Au, Si, Cu and Al coated Ti obtained during laser-solid interaction experiments performed at the ultra-intense short pulse laser facilities JanUSP (LLNL), Comet (LLNL) and Vulcan (RAL). Laser intensities ranged from moderately relativistic, ~1018 W/cm2, to relativistic, ~1021 W/cm2. Measured spectra were sampled from within the specular reflection cone off of the target and delivered via discreet optics to a fiber coupled diffraction grating spectrometer. In addition to the expected higher integer harmonics, 2omega and 3omega, of the laser frequency, several shots measured high levels of 1/2omega, 3/2omega, and 5/2omega. These are attributed to two plasmon decay in the underdense plasma blow-off caused by the prepulse interacting with the solid before the main pulse. Density profiles for several shots will also be presented, in an attempt to correlate the presence of the 1/2 harmonics with long scale pre-plasmas
EffECTS Of HURRICANE KATRINA AND SALVAgE LOggINg ON BACHMAN'S SPARROw

Abstract. In the southeastern U. S., longleaf pine savannas, important habitat for grassland birds, are subject to hurricanes and subsequent management. The intensity of tropical storms is predicted to increase with climate change, heightening the importance of understanding the effects of storm disturbance and salvage logging on species of concern such as Bachman's Sparrow (Peucaea aestivalis), a pine-savanna specialist. To determine how Bachman's Sparrow occupancy varies with the age and salvage history of pine stands, and to identify the vegetation and post-hurricane habitat features influencing stand occupancy, we surveyed Bachman's Sparrows in Mississippi savannas affected by Hurricane Katrina. Our point counts and vegetation surveys covered 89 stands over two breeding seasons, beginning one year after salvaging. Bachman's Sparrow occupancy was best predicted by increasing graminoid cover and density, with evidence of a quadratic effect reversing the relationship at high levels, decreasing tree densi...
Feasibility of hybrid thoracoscopic lobectomy and en-bloc chest wall resection †

OBJECTIVES: Lobectomy with an en-bloc chest wall resection is an effective but potentially morbid treatment of lung cancer invading the chest wall. Minimally invasive approaches to lobectomy have reduced morbidity compared with thoracotomy for early stage lung cancer, but there is insufficient evidence regarding the feasibility of hybrid thoracoscopic lobectomy chest wall resection. We reviewed our experience with an en-bloc chest wall resection and lobectomy to evaluate the outcomes of a hybrid approach using thoracoscopic lobectomy combined with the chest wall resection where rib spreading is avoided. METHODS: All patients who underwent lobectomy and en-bloc chest wall resection with ribs for primary non-small cell lung cancer from January 2000 to July 2010 were reviewed. Starting in April 2003, a hybrid approach was introduced where thoracoscopic techniques were utilized to accomplish the pulmonary resection and a limited counter incision was used to perform the en-bloc resection of the chest wall, avoiding scapular mobilization and rib spreading. Preoperative, perioperative and outcome variables were assessed using the standard descriptive statistics. RESULTS: During the study period, 105 patients underwent en-bloc lobectomy and chest wall resection, including 93 patients with resection via thoracotomy and 12 patients with resection via the hybrid thoracoscopic approach. Complete resection was achieved in all patients in both groups. Tumour size and the extent of resection were similar in the two groups. There were no conversions and no perioperative mortality in the hybrid group. Post-operative outcomes were similar, although patients who underwent the hybrid approach had a shorter length of stay (P= 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: A hybrid approach that combines thoracoscopic lobectomy and chest wall resection is feasible and effective in selected patients. The use of a limited counter incision without rib spreading does not compromise oncologic efficacy. Further experience is needed to determine if this approach provides any advantage in outcomes, including post-operative morbidity.
Optimal estimation of blood glucose

Continuous glucose monitors based on subcutaneous sensors have the potential to improve regulation of blood glucose in individuals, while reducing the risk of hypoglycemia. In this paper we develop an optimal estimation-based approach to trade-off the probability that a sensed subcutaneous glucose change is due to measurement noise versus an actual blood glucose change. This estimator leads to significant improvement in the estimate of blood glucose, as well as its rate-of-change, compared to a finite-differences approach. This in turn allows a better future prediction of blood glucose, allowing the prediction/warning of impending hypoglycemia. This estimation-based approach can also be used to improve the performance of an automated feedback control system (artificial pancreas) to regulate blood glucose based on subcutaneous measurements.
Is a pure TIPS strategy truly risk free

A Treasury Inflation-Protected Security (TIPS) is virtually risk free. As an obligation of the U.S. Treasury, it is mostly free of default risk. As an inflation-indexed security held to maturity, it is risk free in terms of purchasing power. However, investing in a TIPS-only portfolio for retirement is not risk free. This paper presents the results of a simulation analysis designed to evaluate the performance of a portfolio of inflation-indexed Treasury coupon bonds. This study demonstrates that significant shortfall risk exists for TIPS-only portfolios across a range of savings plans and the securities selection rules.
Image-Guided Conformal Radiation Therapy Planning and Delivery for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer:

BackgroundOur understanding of both the importance of local control for survival of patients with unresectable lung cancer and the inadequacy of conventional radiation therapy (RT) to provide this ...
Radiation Biology of Tumor and Normal Tissues

For the new department, the trustees wanted a program in laboratory research on the effects of radiation on animal cells and tissues, normal and malignant, and the whole organism.
Is there a Biomedical Anticommons

Congress and the Food and Drug Administration have heard several recent calls for weakening the patent protection supplied under the Hatch-Waxman Amendments to the basic patent and food and drug laws, which govern the relationship between holders of pharmaceutical patents and their eventual generic competitors. According to some of the proponents of such change, the patents lead to a "Tragedy of the Anticommons" wherein innovation is slowed or aborted as various firms refuse to allow others to use their intellectual property. We think that Heller and Eisenberg have overstated the case against patent protection at both the theoretical and empirical levels. The number of patents filed in recent years has continued to move sharply upward across the board. Indeed, threatening to weaken patent rights is likely to have a chilling effect on innovation because without ample patent protection, no combination of first-mover advantages or altruism will generate the capital sums needed.
Superstring Phenomenology: An Overview

Elements of superstring phenomenology, as it presently exists, are reviewed. The coupling constants of string theory are identified. Classical solutions should be relevant at weak coupling; the connection to conformally invariant non-linear sigma models is explained. Compactifications on Calabi-Yau spaces and orbifolds which preserve N=1 supersymmetry are argued to be the most promising. Rather simple phenomenological considerations are shown to severely constrain the properties of the compact six dimensional space. The cosmological constant and the dilaton potential are discussed and we explain why, at weak coupling, there is probably no ground state which resembles our world.
Differential Investment Behavior between Grandparents and Grandchildren: The Role of Paternity Uncertainty

Kin selection theory predicts that grandparents will differentially invest in their grandchildren as a function of paternity certainty. This study explored the hypothesis of “discriminative grandpa...
RichReview++: Deployment of a Collaborative Multi-modal Annotation System for Instructor Feedback and Peer Discussion

New multi-modal annotation tools hold the promise of bringing the benefits of face-to-face contact to remote, asynchronous interactions. One such system, RichReview++, incorporates new techniques to improve access to the embedded multimedia commentary and allows users to annotate with new modalities, like deictic gestures. We conducted a series of field deployments of RichReview++ to characterize how these features benefit students using them for activities in the university classroom. Our first deployment investigated the use of multi-modal annotations as a way for instructors to provide feedback on student term papers. Our second deployment used annotations to support peer discussion about assigned readings in a graduate-level course. We found that presenting voice comments as interactive waveforms seems to facilitate students' consumption of the instructor's voice comments. We also found that gestural annotations clarify voice and give annotators a quick and lightweight way to alter the scope of their voice comments. Based on these results, we suggest ways to best leverage multi-modal annotation tools in education environments.
Pflegepersonal in psychiatrisch-psychosomatischen Konsiliar-Liaison-Diensten

Der erhebliche Anteil von Patienten mit somatopsychiatrischer Komorbiditat bzw. psychosozialem Betreuungsbedarf in Allgemeinkrankenhausern erfordert die Existenz bzw. Schaffung von adaquaten Versorgungsstrukturen wie psychiatrischpsychosomatischen Konsiliar-Liaison(CL)-Diensten. Solche CL-Teams sollten im Idealfall multiprofessionell [5] ausgestattet sein, wobei dem psychiatrisch ausgebildeten Pflegepersonal durch sein vielfaltiges Tatigkeitsprofil und die Vorbildwirkung der Teamarbeit eine spezielle Rolle zukommt. Erfahrungen mit CL-Pflege werden berichtet, Tatigkeitsprofil und Anforderungen werden skizziert, Argumente fur den Einsatz von Pflegepersonal zusammengestellt und Querverbindungen zum Case Management dargelegt.