cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in ALL

Investigators from Soochow University, Suzhou, China, studied the possible pathogenetic mechanisms and treatment of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) observed in 11 cases of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after induction chemotherapy.
" There's Still Not Justice": Youth Civic Identity Development Amid Distinct School and Community Contexts

Qualitative research describing and theorizing about the emerging civic identities of diverse youth is scarce. This study provides a textured view of how civic identity is constructed and negotiated by racially and socioeconomically diverse adolescents, based on interviews and in-class discussions conducted with students in four public secondary schools. Youth living in distinct contexts come to school-based civic education with varied understandings—shaped by disparate daily experiences—of what it means to be an American citizen and a participant in the civic life of a democracy. This investigator’s examination of diverse adolescents’ discussions of their in-school and out-of-school civic experiences suggests a “typology” of civic identity that runs counter to prevalent views of the civic engagement of urban, minority youth. The study illustrates sharp disparities in daily civic experiences of youth from diverse racial and socioeconomic backgrounds, and suggests that schools can either hinder or encourage development of engaged, action-oriented civic identities among students from various contexts.
Common circuit defect of excitatory-inhibitory balance in mouse models of autism

One unifying explanation for the complexity of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) may lie in the disruption of excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) circuit balance during critical periods of development. We examined whether Parvalbumin (PV)-positive inhibitory neurons, which normally drive experience-dependent circuit refinement (Hensch Nat Rev Neurosci 6:877–888, 1), are disrupted across heterogeneous ASD mouse models. We performed a meta-analysis of PV expression in previously published ASD mouse models and analyzed two additional models, reflecting an embryonic chemical insult (prenatal valproate, VPA) or single-gene mutation identified in human patients (Neuroligin-3, NL-3 R451C). PV-cells were reduced in the neocortex across multiple ASD mouse models. In striking contrast to controls, both VPA and NL-3 mouse models exhibited an asymmetric PV-cell reduction across hemispheres in parietal and occipital cortices (but not the underlying area CA1). ASD mouse models may share a PV-circuit disruption, providing new insight into circuit development and potential prevention by treatment of autism.
IL-6 rescues the hyporesponsiveness of c-Rel deficient B cells independent of Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, and Bcl-2

The hematopoietically restricted member of the NF-kappaB/Rel family, c-Rel, is essential for B cell survival and proliferation. Here we demonstrate that the production of the interleukins 6, 10, and 15 (IL-6, IL-10, and IL-15) are diminished in c-Rel(-/-) B lymphocytes. In a manner similar to that seen in IL-6(-/-) B cells, resultant STAT activation is reduced in c-Rel(-/-) B cells following B cell receptor (BCR) ligation. Addition of either exogenous IL-6 or IL-10, but not IL-15, partially restores proliferation, and this occurs through enhanced cell survival rather than promoting cell cycle progression. This increase in viability occurs independently of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 expression though, two survival genes reported to be downstream of IL-6 signaling. Nonetheless, transgenically expressed Bcl-xL, a direct c-Rel target gene in B cells, corrects not only the survival defect of c-Rel deficiency, but also partially ameliorates hypoproliferation. Together IL-6 and Bcl-xL are additive but incomplete in the restoration of proliferation. Known deficits in the induction of several key cell cycle components in c-Rel(-/-)B cells are not corrected upon treatment with exogenous cytokine. Together, these data demonstrate that IL-6 enhances B cell responses by employing multiple survival factors.
Studies on the deterioration of antigen E in extracts of Ambrosia elatior.

Abstract Five per cent (wv) extracts of defatted Ambrosia elatior pollen were prepared in bicarbonate-buffered saline (Coca's extract) and Coca's extract with 50% glycerol (Gly-Coca's extract). Sterile extracts were stored in untreated glassware and glassware coated with silicone. Stock extracts were diluted in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and stored at 5 ± 3 °C. Extracts 1:20, 1:40, and 1:400 were assayed at approximately 6-wk intervals for antigen E. Quantitative determinations were made by modified double diffusion in agarose gels using known standards of antigen E for comparison. Results from the first year of this 3-yr study show no significant reduction in 1:20 Gly-Coca's extracts and a highly significant reduction of antigen E in 1:20 Coca's extracts. Further analysis of variance indicates significant reduction in all 1:40 and 1:400 extracts. Differences in the initial extracting solvents did not significantly affect these more dilute extracts. No significant differences were observed in the untreated and silicone-coated glassware. In terms of per cent antigen E reduction, 1:20 Gly-Coca's showed negligible reduction and Coca's at 1:20 declined nearly 50% in antigen E content. Extracts stored at 1:40 retained only 40% of the original antigen E content, while diluted extracts stored at 1:400 retained only 35% of the initial antigen E after 1 yr of storage at 5 ± 3 °C.
Teen talk. An intervention for pregnant and parenting adolescents.

Although Healthy People 2000 and 2010 have reducing the incidence of teen pregnancy as an overall health goal finding a program that accomplishes this can oftentimes be as difficult as striving for the goal. In 1997 the National Network for Health reported that about 1 million teenagers approximately 10 percent of all 15- to 19-year-old women became pregnant in the U.S. A recent study found that the annual cost of adolescent childbearing together with the other disadvantages faced by adolescent mothers is between $13 and $19 billion. (excerpt)
Hemoglobin-Based Blood Substitutes in the Blood Bank

Chemically modified hemoglobin (Hgb) solutions are being developed for use as blood substitutes. These solutions will cause the serum to appear grossly hemolyzed and will persist in the circulation for up to 4 days. Blood banks may soon need to accept and test patient specimens containing such blood substitutes. To evaluate how routine testing will be affected, we added chemically modified Hgb or 5% albumin to previously tested patient serum specimens with anti-K,-E, -Fya, and -Fyb activity as well as to specimens lacking unexpected red cell antibodies. The diluted specimens were tested using panels of reagent red blood cells. No discrepant results were identified. In addition, red blood cells previously found to be positive and negative by direct antiglobulin test (DAT) were incubated with equal parts of chemically modified Hgb solution or 5% albumin. Repeat DAT testing demonstrated no discrepancies. These studies suggest that the presence of limited amounts of stabilized Hgb will not interfere with routine tests performed in the blood bank.
Determination of fiber types of chicken skeletal muscles based on reaction for actomyosin, calcium+2, magnesium+2-dependent adenosine triphosphatase.

Abstract Muscle fiber subtypes, determined with the actomyosin Ca +2,Mg +2-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) reaction in chicken anterior latissimus dorsi and posterior latissimus dorsi muscles, were demonstrated only after acid or alkaline preincubation followed by a 60-min enzyme incubation. In contrast, subtypes were demonstrated in the sartorius muscle either with or without preincubation. A single-step procedure was therefore possible with this muscle. The results were generally similar to those obtained previously with the mycosin Ca +2 -ATPase procedure. Both methods revealed corresponding muscle fiber subtypes, with the exceptions noted below. The actomyosin Ca +2,Mg +2-ATPase procedure, following preincubation at pH 9.4 and 10.3, resulted in a similar reaction intensity in all fiber types. With the myosin Ca +2-ATPase procedure, the IRA (slow) type in anterior latissimus dorsi and sartorius muscles and the I (slow), IIR (fast oxidative-glycolytic), and IIW (fast glycolytic) types in posterior latissimus dorsi muscle had a higher reaction intensity following preincubation at pH 9.4 than at pH 10.3. Fiber Types IIR and IIW in sartorius muscle were easily distinguished with the actomyosin Ca +2,Mg +2-ATPase procedure.
Attitude Similarity and Attraction to an Employee Group

56 college students who had completed a Survey of Attitudes were presented a Survey of Employee Attitudes representing the attitudes of most of the people comprising a hypothetical work group, in which attitudes were portrayed as either 25% or 75% similar to their own. Subjects were then asked to express their attraction to and expectations of the employee group. The hypothesized effect of attitude similarity on attraction was confirmed for both liking and desire to be supervisor of the work group. In addition, the hypothesized effect of similarity of attitudes was confirmed for intelligence, personal adjustment, competence, quantity of work, quality of work, absenteeism rate, accident rate, rule violations, and self-motivation. The hypothesized effect was not confirmed for tardiness rate.
Comparative Country Studies Regarding Truth, Justice, and Reparations for Gross Human Rights Violations: Brazil, Chile, and Guatemala

This paper examines transitional justice initiatives undertaken in Brazil, Chile, and Guatemala to address the widespread human rights abuses perpetrated during the military dictatorships of the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s in those countries. The three countries considered in this paper serve as appropriate comparative cases as they share important features with the Indian context. All three Latin American countries share with India a history of state-sponsored torture and enforced disappearances perpetrated against suspected political opponents. Most importantly, the expenditures made on reparations in these three countries suggest the potential for India to undertake similar measures.This paper is organized into five additional sections. The next section provides a succinct overview of the right to remedy in international law. The third section presents the three country case studies. Each case study addresses four primary dimensions: 1) an overview of the history of conflict that led to the development of a reparations scheme; 2) a description of the truth seeking mechanisms implemented; 3) identification of other transitional justice measures undertaken; and 4) a review of the reparation programs implemented as well as their legacies. The fourth section examines examples of truth seeking mechanisms in India: the 1984 Anti-Sikh Riots Commission, the Gujarat Commission, and the Orissa Commissions. The fifth section begins by making a comparative analysis of the Latin American case studies alone and then turns to a comparative analysis of the Latin American and Indian experiences.The paper concludes with final observations that highlight the importance of Indian human rights advocates considering nationwide or thematic truth seeking mechanisms that are informed by the successes and failures of such mechanisms in Latin America, and responsive to the unique factors that will influence such an initiative in India.This Working Paper was prepared by students in the International Human Rights Law Clinic under the supervision of Laurel E. Fletcher. Angana Chatterji, Co-Chair of for the Project on Armed Conflict Resolution and People's Rights (ACRes), Center for Social Sector Leadership, Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley and Mallika Kaur, Director of Programs, ACRes provided helpful comments. Clinical Fellow Katrina Natale ’15 gave invaluable editorial assistance. We thank Olivia Layug, Associate Administrator for Berkeley Law’s clinical program for her help with production.
The characteristic curve in physical adsorption

The concept of the characteristic curve in physical adsorption and the rule of its temperature invariance is traced from the potential theory of adsorption by Polanyi to the Frenkel-Halsey-Hill equation, the theory of volume filling of micropores by Dubinin et al. and the theory of adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces. A computer simulation of an irregular atomic configuration at the surface of amorphous carbon is presented. In the submonolayer region, the isotherms of argon adsorption simulated on that surface are shown to correspond to the Freundlich equation and are close to the experimental isotherms on a diamond dust sample. Simulated isosteric heats of adsorption are also reasonably close to the experimental data for argon on a real carbon black. The BET C constant for the simulated isotherm is lower than for the real isotherm on untreated carbon black. However, the isotherms at two temperatures can be described by one absolute isotherm adsorption.
What the Women Wrought

In the wake of the Women’s War, British authorities in Nigeria faced the immediate problem of (re)pacifying the country and finding ways to prevent outbreaks of protests against them in the future. Women continued their demonstrations against British authority throughout 1930 even as patrols of police and soldiers took punitive action, imposed collective fines, seized property, and burned down whole villages, seeking through an extraordinary show of force both to punish wrongdoers and prevent any further attempts at resistance to British rule. Officials regarded the burning of houses as “the quickest, surest and the most humane [our italics] way of making the people see reason.” Under the Peace Preservation Ordinance, district officers and police officials utilized powers they did not ordinarily possess to act against areas thought to have participated in the Women’s War. This strategy was applied to a variety of transgressions ranging from the “sullen activity” of Africans and their hiding in the “bush,” to a delay in payment of fines, under the Collective Punishment Ordinance, levied on village inhabitants who may have had nothing to do with the disturbances. Authorities imposed exorbitant fines amounting to up to six times the annual tax assessment of a given settlement on villages, expecting them to be paid within 24 hours; failure to make the payment might result in the razing of the village.
Early Living on the High Plains—Problems and Challenges: An interview with Elliott West

Early Living on the High Plains—Problems and Challenges: An interview with Elliott West DOI:10.2458/azu_rangelands_v31i4_srm2
Detection of mixed OAM states via vortex breakup

Abstract We study the tilted lens technique for measuring the topological charge (TC) of an optical vortex and investigate how this technique works for optical vortices in mixed orbital angular momentum states (i.e. when one beam contains several components with different values of TC). We present experimental results and theoretical simulations for the measurement of the TC of mixed states. We investigate two different cases: when coherent interference (or addition) between components is present and when it is absent (incoherent addition). We discover that this technique is suitable for measuring the TC of the dominant component of a mixed state.
Aufkommen zur Verwertung anstehender Materialmengen

Wahrend im ersten Teilproblem der Grundstein fur die Daten gelegt wurde, die zur Modellierung des Kreislaufwirtschaftsmodells benotigt werden, folgt in diesem Teilproblem eine bedarfsgerechte Anreicherung, um das Aufkommen zur Verwertung anstehender Materialmengen zu prognostizieren. Die Anreicherung erfolgt in drei Schritten. Abhangig vom Installationsjahr, wird im ersten Schritt der Anteil installierter kristalliner Technologie an der gesamten verbauten Leistung analysiert.
Dodging Pitfalls in Dodgy Autorickshaws with Amitava Kumar

This article analyzes the depiction of India, Bihar, and Patna in several books by the novelist, poet, critic, and filmmaker Amitava Kumar. While Kumar often criticizes and ridicules other writers’ representations, he frequently struggles to overcome the same kinds of cliches in his own work. Nevertheless, I argue that Kumar’s texts, such as his literary memoir Bombay—London—New York , his novel Home Products , and his history A Matter of Rats , offer an alternative approach to writing about India that deserves more critical attention. Whereas other diasporic South Asian writers tend to favor the omnibus novel , often about big families in big cities and popular with awards committees and book clubs, Kumar’s short, quickly written books, may in fact be the superior medium for depicting the messiness and complexity of contemporary Indian reality, a counter-model which I call the autorickshaw book . While his works are full of contradictions, I argue that it is this very quality that makes them such a compelling vehicles for readers who seek an alternative to novels focused on megacities such as Bombay and Delhi and wish to experience the literary equivalent of the unglamorous hinterland.
Effect of torrefaction temperature on lignin macromolecule and product distribution from HZSM-5 catalytic pyrolysis

Abstract Torrefaction is a low-temperature process considered as an effective pretreatment technique to improve the grindability of biomass as well as enhance the production of aromatic hydrocarbons from Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis (CFP). This study was performed to understand the effect of torrefaction temperature on structural changes in the lignin macromolecule and its subsequent influence on in-situ CFP process. Lignin extracted from southern pine and switchgrass (via organosolv treatment) was torrefied at four different temperatures (150, 175, 200 and 225 °C) in a tubular reactor. Between the two biomass types studied, lignin from pine appeared to have greater thermal stability during torrefaction when compared with switchgrass lignin. The structural changes in lignin as a result of torrefaction were followed by using FTIR spectroscopy, solid state CP/MAS 13C NMR, 31P NMR spectroscopy and it was found that higher torrefaction temperature (200 and 225 °C) caused polycondensation and de-methoxylation of the aromatic units of lignin. Gel permeation chromatography analysis revealed that polycondensation during torrefaction resulted in an increase in the molecular weight and polydispersity of lignin. The torrefied lignin was subsequently used in CFP experiments using H+ZSM-5 catalyst in a micro-reactor (Py-GC/MS) to understand the effect of torrefaction on the product distribution from pyrolysis. It was observed that although the selectivity of benzene-toluene-xylene compounds from CFP of pine improved from 58.3% (torrefaction temp at 150 °C) to 69.0% (torrefaction temp at 225 °C), the severity of torrefaction resulted in a loss of overall aromatic hydrocarbon yield from 11.6% to 4.9% under same conditions. Torrefaction at higher temperatures also increased the yield of carbonaceous residues from 63.9% to 72.8%. Overall, torrefying lignin caused structural transformations in both type of lignins (switchgrass and pine), which is ultimately detrimental to achieving a higher aromatic hydrocarbon yield from CFP.
Elevated T cell activation score is associated with improved survival of breast cancer.

Immune checkpoints cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1) negatively regulate CD8+ T cell functions, impeding the capacity of effector T cells to kill tumors. Here, we study the prognostic significance of CTLA4, PD-1 and T cell activation status in breast cancer. Using a publicly accessed RNA-seq dataset including 1087 breast cancer patients, we performed Kaplan–Meier survival curves and multivariate Cox regression models to evaluate the associations of CTLA4, PD-1, and weighted T cell activation score with patients’ overall survival. Survival analyses showed that high CTLA4 but low PD-1 expression was associated with a poor overall survival, and that high T cell activation score was associated with an improved survival. The median survival was 216.6 months (95% CI 114.1–244.9) for the T activation group, 127.0 months (95% CI 112.3–212.1) for the intermediate, and 120.5 months (95% CI 93.8 to ∞) for the exhaustion (Log-rank p = 0.084). This association was verified in multivariate Cox regression analysis. The hazard ratios were 0.81 (95% CI 0.56–1.19) for the intermediate group, and 0.48 (95% CI 0.26–0.86) for the activation group, respectively, in comparison to the exhaustion group (p value for trend = 0.016). T cell activation score has significantly positive relationship with patients’ overall survival, and may serve as a marker of personalized immunotherapy in breast cancer patients. Cocktail rather than single immune checkpoint blockade may yield more benefit for breast cancer patients.
Coverings for Overwintering Container Grown Plants in Northern Regions

Several methods were compared for moderating temperatures and protecting container-grown nursery plants from winter injury. Three layers of microfoam covered by 1 layer of 4 mil white copolymer (poly) and 30 cm (12 in) straw between 2 layers of white poly greatly moderated minimum temperatures of growing medium. The straw-between-white poly treatment prevented rapid rise of air temperatures under the cover in early spring. All covers resulted in minimal winter injury to most plant species, but growing medium temperatures in containers under 1 layer of microfoam or 1 layer white poly dropped below −10°C (14°F), the temperature shown to be injurious to root systems of some plants.
A predictive model of separations in dead-end filtration with ultrathin membranes

Abstract Nanoporous Silicon Nitride (NPN) is a new ultrathin (50 nm thick) membrane with potential applications in laboratory and industrial preparations of nanoparticles, antibodies, and other therapeutic biotechnology products. Like prior ultrathin silicon-based membranes (nanomembranes), NPN is capable of high separation resolution (∼10 nm) despite polydisperse pore distributions. Here we present a mathematical model that is predictive of the sieving curves seen in dead-end filtration with NPN. Interestingly, the model requires the inclusion of concentration polarization to predict sieving curves. The model also reveals a pressure dependence on sieving curves that is highly sensitive to membrane thickness: Thicker membranes require higher, often impractical, pressures for the same separations while thinner membranes achieve sharp separations at lower pressures. The pressure sensitivity of sieving behavior is confirmed experimentally by comparing the performance of NPN with 10 μ m thick nanoporous polycarbonate track etched membranes. The model illustrates that pore polydispersity limits the resolution of current silicon nanomembranes, suggesting that further manufacturing advancements are needed to realize the full potential of nanomembranes for size-based separations. Finally, the model further suggests that diffusion across ultrathin membranes aids separations, leading to higher resolutions.
Prevalence and Trends in Lifetime Obesity in the U.S., 1988-2014

Introduction Estimates of obesity prevalence based on current BMI are an important but incomplete indicator of the total effects of obesity on a population. Methods In this study, data on current BMI and maximum BMI were used to estimate prevalence and trends in lifetime obesity status, defined using the categories never (maximum BMI ≤30 kg/m 2 ), former (maximum BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 and current BMI ≤30 kg/m 2 ), and current obesity (current BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 ). Prevalence was estimated for the period 2013–2014 and trends for the period 1988–2014 using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Predictors of lifetime weight status and the association between lifetime weight categories and prevalent disease status were also investigated using multivariable regression. Results A total of 50.8% of American males and 51.6% of American females were ever obese in 2013–2014. The prevalence of lifetime obesity exceeded the prevalence of current obesity by amounts that were greater for males and for older persons. The gap between the two prevalence values has risen over time. By 2013–2014, a total of 22.0% of individuals who were not currently obese had formerly been obese. For each of eight diseases considered, prevalence was higher among the formerly obese than among the never obese. Conclusions A larger fraction of the population is affected by obesity and its health consequences than is suggested in prior studies based on current BMI alone. Weight history should be incorporated into routine health surveillance of the obesity epidemic for a full accounting of the effects of obesity on the U.S. population.
An Introduction to Proposed Human Sexuality Counseling Competencies

The presentation of human sexuality information within counselor education programs seems inconsistent, leaving counselors typically underprepared to handle the sexuality-related components of many clients’ distress. Addressing this gap, the present article, using guidance from the American Association of Sexuality Educators, Counselors, and Therapists (AASECT), proposes 10 human sexuality counseling competency domains to aid counselors in working more effectively and comprehensively with clients. These domains are: Ethical/Professional Behavior, History and Systems, Anatomy/Physiology, Sexual Identity, Sexual Development, Intimacy and Interpersonal Relationships, Pleasure and Sexual Lifestyles, Sexual Functioning, Health/Medical Factors, and Sexual Exploitation. Clinical implications are discussed and include improved case conceptualization and developing counselor competence. Opportunities for future research are presented as they relate to counselor education and training.
Reparations for Victims of International Crimes

This chapter discusses available remedies in the International Criminal Court for victims of crimes. The chapter begins by quoting Article 75.1 of the Rome Statute and discussing various international treaties that guarantee a remedy. Next, the chapter discusses the reasons for providing remedies, and notes that money provides an equal value to the victim, while restitution or rectification replaces exactly what the victim lost. The chapter notes that compensation is the most frequently provided remedy. Although I argue that accuracy of compensation calculations is imperative, the better solution is to use rectification or restitution instead of compensation. The chapter then describes who may permissibly request remedies and discusses possible methods for determining remedies when there are many claimants. Finally, this chapter concludes by suggesting a standard of proof for remedy determination and pointing out that it is imperative for all victims to receive reparation.
A Structured Methodology for Multiple Stakeholder Involvement in the Management of Risks from Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning and Disposal

The last several years have seen an increasing use of Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) in decision making that deals with significant hazards (real or perceived). In the United States, PRA is an important input to the regulation of nuclear power plants; in fact, the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission is in the process of moving toward a “risk-informed” regulatory system. PRA is also important in decision making concerning the cleanup of sites contaminated by chemicals and/or radionuclides. This application has led to some interesting developments regarding the use of PRA in decision making.
A Novel inhibitor of Lipoxygenase: a Patatin‐like Phospholipase Domain‐containing 2 (PNPLA2) Protein

Lipoxygenases (LOX) are enzymes responsible for the metabolism of arachidonic acid and other polyunsaturated fatty acids, thereby contributing to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) und...
Gender in Open Source Communities: Different Migration Patterns and Forms of Work

Open source software (OSS) runs much of the world’s computing infrastructure [1]. To survive, OSS projects need a steady supply of (often volunteer) labor. Most OSS projects are open to newcomers in theory, but research has uncovered technical and social barriers that newcomers face when joining [2]. The process of evolving from a peripheral contributor to a core contributor is referred as “migration” [3]. Core contributors conduct most of the work and thus are important for the long term health of an OSS project [4], [5].
A comparison of 0.040 rad(Si)/s and 0.010 rad(Si)s total dose results of Renesas parts proposed for the Europa Clipper mission

We compare the results of 0.040 rad(Si)/s total ionizing dose (TID) radiation testing with existing 0.010 rad(Si)/s data taken from routine characterization and acceptance testing. The testing was carried out by Renesas Electronics America (`Renesas’) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL’) in support of the Europa Clipper program. The program investigated the TID response of seven Renesas part types as listed in Table 1. The 0.040 rad(Si)/s dose rate is specific to the Europa Clipper program.
Development and Implementation of a Psychological Service for Patients With Cancer

Abstract Cancer patients frequently experience considerable distress during diagnosis and treatment. The aims of this study were to describe the development and utilization of a psychological service for cancer patients at a community hospital—and to provide preliminary results on clinical outcomes in a “real-world” clinical setting. This program was developed collaboratively by individuals from a university-based clinical psychology doctoral program and a community hospital. The psychological service was comprised of a licensed, PhD-level clinical psychologist and seven clinical psychology doctoral students. Patients were typically referred by their oncologists or nurses. Distress, depression, and anxiety were evaluated for a small subsample of participants. From the time the program was initiated, 238 patients between ages 18 and 95 (M = 66.4) were evaluated over a 3-year period. Most patients (77.8%) were offered psychosocial care. Although 49.8% declined treatment, 23.6% attended one session and 26.6% attended two or more. Average number of individual sessions was 2.77 (SD = 8.31, range = 0-96) and 0.06 (SD = 0.43, range = 0-4) for groups sessions. Patients referred through the Survivorship Training and Rehabilitation (STAR) Program® (i.e., a program providing multidisciplinary services) were more likely to engage in psychosocial care than those who found out about behavioral health in other ways. Patients experienced declines in depression (Wilks’ Λ = .580, F(2, 14)=5.08, p = .022), but not anxiety (Wilks’ Λ = .613, F(2, 12)=3.79, p = .053) across sessions. Two in-depth case descriptions are provided. Distress tracking may be improved if nurses, oncologists, and behavioral health providers administer measures. Partnerships between clinical psychology doctoral programs and hospitals may be mutually beneficial – and may advance the dissemination and implementation of evidence-based psychosocial interventions. Hospitals offering cancer treatment may benefit from generating referrals for comprehensive cancer care. These efforts can serve as a model for other hospitals seeking to integrate behavioral health into routine cancer treatment.
Reconsidering alcohol treatment non‐responders: psychosocial functioning among heavy drinkers 3 years following treatment

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Psychosocial functioning among individuals who exceed low-risk drinking limits (exceed three to four standard drinks for women/men) is heterogeneous. Among those who receive treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), recent research found that more than one-half of those who exceeded low-risk limits (i.e. treatment non-responders) reported good psychosocial functioning, commensurate with those who were abstinent or low-risk drinkers (i.e. treatment responders) up to 1 year following treatment. This study aimed to determine if good levels of psychosocial functioning are maintained beyond 1 year. DESIGN Secondary analysis of 3-year follow-up data from Project MATCH (Matching Alcoholism Treatment to Client Heterogeneity) and the Combined Pharmacotherapies and Behavioral Interventions study (COMBINE), multi-site alcohol clinical trials conducted in the United States. SETTING Eleven sites in COMBINE and nine sites in Project MATCH. PARTICIPANTS Individuals with AUD from COMBINE and Project MATCH (n = 1383 and n = 1726) characterized in terms of drinking/functioning at 1-year follow-up and retained at 3-year (n = 641 and n = 790) post-treatment follow-ups. MEASUREMENTS Alcohol consumption measured by Form-90 and psychosocial functioning assessed by various instruments at 3 years post-treatment FINDINGS: High-functioning non-responders at 1 year post-treatment maintained a high level of functioning 2 years later and were not significantly different from the abstainers/low-risk drinkers on any functional outcomes (e.g. SF12 Mental Health Mean difference: -1.38 [95% confidence interval (CI) = -4.34, 1.57), SF12 Physical Health Mean difference: -0.43 (95% CI = -2.28, 3.13)]. CONCLUSIONS Approximately one-half of those who engage in some heavy drinking in the year following treatment for alcohol use disorder appear to maintain high levels of psychosocial functioning up to 3 years following treatment.
Creating Connections: Engaging Student Library Employees through Experiential Learning

Academic libraries are finding that involving student employees in collaborative projects fosters student development while increasing library capability and impact. This article validates and buil...
Civil Society in European Governance: A Case Study

This chapter examines the current debate surrounding civil society’s participation at the EU level. It unearths the taken-for-granted assumptions about civil society participation and explains narratively how civil society participation is historically evolved and contingently linked to EU politics. Civil society organizations (CSO) participation has been restrictive to consultations; CSOs provide information to the Commission. The current norms and practices of participation could not go beyond consultations, privileging managerial organizations, and a depoliticized participation. At the same time, the participation paradigm serves to legitimate the Commission’s consultations and make specific economic and political changes socially acceptable. Here, it is argued that participation’s democratic potential does not depend exclusively on the CSOs themselves. The current mode of the EU integration, the Commission’s roles in the legislation process, and the recent representative turn are all related to the limits and potentials of the civil society involvement.
Do Size, Debt, Liquidity, Capital Structure, and Capacity Affect Performance in the Airline Industry? -Legacy Versus Low-Cost Carriers

Ever since airline deregulation in the late seventies, airlines have been operating in a tough environment perpetuated by exogenous forces faced by no other industry. Oil price volatility, calamitous events, such as the terrorist attacks of September 11, bird flu, consumer preference, disposable income, the financial crises of 2008-2009, airline consolidations, and the emergence of new carriers have all played their part in creating a very challenging landscape through which airlines have to navigate on a day-to-day basis. This article addresses whether there exists a relationship between an airline’s size, debt, liquidity, asset structure, and capacity utilization with its performance. Using associational inferential statistics together with an independent t-test, the results show that while, all these variables contribute to a usable model, only liquidity and capacity utilization are statistically significant. Furthermore, the results of this study show that there is no significant difference in performance between legacy and low-cost carriers.
Hypertension at delivery hospitalization - United States, 2016-2017.

Abstract In this study, hospital discharge data from the 2016–2017 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project were analyzed to describe national and, where data were available, state-specific prevalences of chronic hypertension and pregnancy-associated hypertension at delivery hospitalization. In 2016–2017, the prevalence of chronic hypertension was 216 per 10,000 delivery hospitalizations nationwide, ranging from 125 to 400 per 10,000 delivery hospitalizations in individual states. The prevalence of pregnancy-associated hypertension was 1021 per 10,000 delivery hospitalizations nationwide, ranging from 693 to 1382 per 10,000 delivery hospitalizations in individual states. The burden of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy remains high and varies considerably by jurisdiction.
Stream flow changes across North Carolina (USA) 1955–2012 with implications for environmental flow management

Abstract This study examines changes in stream flow conditions across North Carolina, relates these changes to geomorphological conditions of rivers, and makes recommendations for environmental flow guidelines to conserve and protect riverine ecosystems. Monthly stream flow percentile metrics (90th, 75th, 50th, 25th, and 10th percentiles) are compared over two time periods (1955–1980 and 1984–2012) for 63 gages distributed statewide. The results showed that stream flow changes vary spatially by flow magnitude, ecoregion, basin, and temporally by months. The greatest changes involve decreases to the 10th, 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles and the least amount of change is associated with 90th percentile flows. The spring and summer months of February through August have the greatest flow reductions, while September, November, and December exhibit magnitude increases for the 75th and 90th percentile flows. The Blue Ridge has the least amount of change, whereas the Piedmont and Coastal Plain have the greatest change. The few gages that do not show significant magnitude decreases to the 10th percentile flow are below major dams on the Neuse, Cape Fear, and Roanoke rivers. These same dammed rivers exhibit increases to the 90th percentile flows. The Tar River Basin, which is free of dams, shows opposite effects, with significant decreases to the 10th percentile flows and minimal changes to the 75th and 90th percentile flows. This study elucidates the importance of establishing environmental flow criteria that apply statewide across North Carolina. Sustainable environmental flow criteria need to be established that conserve seasonal patterns of flows, sustain low flows (from increases and decreases), and protect headwater and tributary accumulation areas from over-abstraction.
An overview of the Sandia national laboratories genomes to life project, "carbon sequestration in Synechococcus sp.: from molecular machines to hierarchical modeling"

The Sandia-led Genomes to Life (GTL) project: "Carbon Sequestration in Synechococcus Sp.: From Molecular Machines to Hierarchical Modeling," is focused on developing, prototyping, and applying new computational tools and methods to ellucidate the biochemical mechanisms of the carbon sequestration of Synechococcus Sp., an abundant marine cyanobacteria known to play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Our effort includes five subprojects: an experimental investigation, three computational biology efforts, and a fifth which deals with addressing computational infrastructure challenges of relevance to this project and the genomes to life program as a whole. Our experimental effort is designed to provide biology and data to drive the computational efforts and includes significant investment in developing new experimental methods for uncovering protein partners, characterizing protein complexes, identifying new binding domains. Our computational efforts include coupling molecular simulation methods with knowledge discovery from diverse biological data sets for high-throughput discovery and characterization of protein-protein complexes and developing a set of novel capabilities for inference of regulatory pathways in microbial genomes across multiple sources of information through the integration of computational and experimental technologies.
Unsupervised pattern discovery in speech: applications to word acquisition and speaker segmentation

We present a novel approach to speech processing based on the principle of pattern discovery. Our work represents a departure from traditional models of speech recognition, where the end goal is to classify speech into categories defined by a pre-specified inventory of lexical units (i.e. phones or words). Instead, we attempt to discover such an inventory in an unsupervised manner by exploiting the structure of repeating patterns within the speech signal. We show how pattern discovery can be used to automatically acquire lexical entities directly from an untranscribed audio stream. Our approach to unsupervised word acquisition utilizes a segmental variant of a widely used dynamic programming technique, which allows us to find matching acoustic patterns between spoken utterances. By aggregating information about these matching patterns across audio streams, we demonstrate how to group similar acoustic sequences together to form clusters corresponding to lexical entities such as words and short multi-word phrases. On a corpus of academic lecture material, we demonstrate that clusters found using this technique exhibit high purity and that many of the corresponding lexical identities are relevant to the underlying audio stream. We demonstrate two applications of our pattern discovery procedure. First, we propose and evaluate two methods for automatically identifying sound clusters generated through pattern discovery. Our results show that high identification accuracy can be achieved for single word clusters using a constrained isolated word recognizer. Second, we apply acoustic pattern matching to the problem of speaker segmentation by attempting to find word-level speech patterns that are repeated by the same speaker. When used to segment a ten hour corpus of multi-speaker lectures, we found that our approach is able to generate segmentations that correlate well to independently generated human segmentations. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Independent association of serum amyloid P component, protein S, and complement C4b with complement C4b-binding protein and subsequent association of the complex with membranes.

C4b-binding protein (C4BP) is a large complex assembly of eight subunits that functions as an inhibitor of the complement cascade. A portion of the C4BP in serum exists as a complex with protein S. This study demonstrated that another protein, serum amyloid P component (SAP), also formed a calcium-dependent complex with C4BP. The C4BP.SAP complex was detected by several methods including light scattering intensity, gel filtration, and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. This complex was of high affinity relative to serum levels of these proteins so that no dissociation was detected at 3% of serum protein concentrations. The C4BP.SAP complex was also detected in normal serum and the results suggested that there was virtually no free SAP or uncomplexed C4BP in normal serum. In addition to its complex with C4BP, SAP underwent other calcium-dependent associations such as binding to phospholipid vesicles and self-aggregation. Self-aggregation was highly cooperative with kinetics corresponding to a reaction that was 6th-order with respect to calcium and required about 1.5 mM calcium. In contrast, formation of the SAP.C4BP complex and interaction of SAP with membranes required only about 0.4 and 1.0 mM calcium, respectively. Thus, selection of the correct conditions allowed study of the SAP.C4BP interaction without interference from self-aggregation. All three of these interactions of SAP were mutually exclusive and the SAP. C4BP interaction appeared to be favored over self-aggregation or binding of SAP to phospholipids. It seems likely that the biologically dominant interaction for SAP is with C4BP. The SAP.C4BP complex interacted with protein S and these binding sites appeared to be entirely independent. Furthermore, SAP had little or no effect on the ability of C4BP to bind C4b. Finally, the entire complex of proteins (C4BP, SAP, protein S, and C4b) could associate with membranes in the presence of calcium. Membrane binding occurred through the protein S component. This rather complicated assemblage of proteins probably functions in a regulatory role for the complement cascade or other biological systems. It is possible that elevated levels of SAP or nonequivalent levels of SAP and C4BP could contribute to certain pathological conditions.
A min-max semantics for fuzzy likelihood

The problem of formalizing the notion of likelihood is considered, as expressed by adjectives such as likely, very likely, rather unlikely, certain, and so on. A formal logic is devised which operates at two distinct semantic levels: a lower level where propositions are assigned a degree of likelihood in the interval
A RESPONSE TO DAVID HOLLENBACH AND SOHAIL H. HASHMI

Irene Oh affirms that religious freedom, faith, and reason, as David Hollenbach suggests, are subject matters that offer promising platforms for interreligious dialogue between Christians and Muslims. The need for cross-cultural understanding is imperative especially given the current political climate, in which world leaders can easily exacerbate existing tensions through the misapplication of such terms. Sohail H. Hashmi addresses the need to discuss women's rights as part of a larger discussion on human rights in Islam. Oh concurs and notes that Sayyid Qutb's remarks on women in the United States serve as a starting point for clarifying women's agency in Islam.
Atomically resolved investigation of InGaAs/InP heterojunction formation during metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy

We have studied the formation of indium gallium arsenide/indium phosphide heterojunctions during metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE). The films are characterized using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Exposing an InP [001] film to 10 mTorr of tertiarybutylarsine below 500/spl deg/C results in the deposition of a thin InAs layer from 1.5 to 5.0 atomic layers thick (2.3 to 7.5 /spl Aring/). The surface of this epilayer remains atomically smooth independent of arsenic exposure time. However, in an overpressure of tertiarybutylarsine at or above 500/spl deg/C, the arsenic atoms diffuse into the bulk, creating strained InAsP films. These films form three-dimensional island structures to relieve the built-up strain.