cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Why Are There NIMBYs

An owner-occupied home is an un- usual asset because it cannot be diversi® ed among locations and because it is the onlysizable asset that most owners possess. Among the unin- sured risks of homeownership is devaluation by nearby changes in land use. Opponents of land- use change are called NIMBYs (``Not In My Back Yard''). This article submits that NIMBYism is a rational response to the uninsured risks of home- ownership. It explores the possibilities and draw- backs of providing an insurance market to cover such risks. It concludes that some progress is being made towards developing such markets. (JEL R52) Residents who strenuously oppose devel- opment of land in their immediate area are often called ``NIMBYs,'' the acronymic per- soni® cation of the expression ``not in my backyard.'' The oppositionof neighbors is an importantproblemin Americanland-use reg- ulation. Itcanfrustrate the implementationof carefully planned residential development, locally desired industrial development, and placement of the necessary nuisances of ur- ban life, such as power plants and land® lls (Downs 1994; Fischel 1991; Nelson 1999; Portney 1991; Rephann forthcoming). NIMBYs sometimes appear to be irratio- nal in theiroppositionto projects in the sense that they express far-fetched anxieties or doggedly ® ght projects whose expected neighborhood effects seem small or even be- nign. I submit in this note that such anxieties might not be irrational if we consider that most NIMBYs are homeowners, and that homeowners cannot insure their major (and often only) asset against devaluation by neighborhood effects. NIMBYism mightbet- ter be viewed as a risk-averse strategy. I con- clude with a few notes about how an insur- ance market might be developed to head off
Integrating distributed simulation objects

Creating comprehensive simulation models can be expensive and time consuming. This paper discusses our efforts to develop a general methodology that will allow users to quickly and efficiently create high fidelity simulation models by linking independent model objects distributed across the Internet or enterprise intranets. The result of linking these models is a model network that can be used to evaluate the aggregate performance of the system as well as investigate the interactions and performance of the individual component models. Our approach for creating a plug-and-play model integration environment is based on the principles of objectoriented programming and distributed object computing. Drawing on advances in language and network communication technology, we continue to refine an early proof-of-concept prototype called ENVISION (ENVironment for Integrating Simulation models Interactively Over Networks). The primary objective is to create a testbed system that will help us better understand how manufacturers might actually use this type of modeling facility if it was available.
Optimal foraging theory predicts effects of environmental enrichment in a group of adult golden lion tamarins

The success of environmental enrichment programs in effecting specific changes in the behavior of captive animals has not always been uniform. Separate studies demonstrated both an increase in food competition and a decrease in food competition among captive group-living primates upon introduction of foraging devices. The objectives of this study were to measure the effects of variation in resource distribution and availability on food competition in a group of captive adult golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia). The resource variables chosen were suggested from optimal foraging theory. The energy invested to obtain an item influenced food transfer and aggressive behaviors while food abundance did not. All individuals obtained an equivalent number of items over the course of the experiment from the foraging device, even though some tamarins obtained most of their food rewards directly from the device while others received their food rewards primarily through food transfer from other group members. Because the monkeys appeared highly motivated to obtain food from the test apparatus and did not habituate to it, the foraging device used in this experiment could be used as regular environmental enrichment for golden lion tamarins. One way to circumvent potentially unacceptable rates of aggression, with this or any feeding protocol that increases foraging task complexity and search time, may be to provide more than one foraging device per group. Zoo Biol 17:231–244, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Adiponectin and the Cardiovascular System

Adiponectin, a recently discovered protein produced exclusively by adipocytes, is thought to be a possible mediator between obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although its function is not entirely known, body fat distribution, insulin, sex hormones, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α may contribute to its regulation. Along with being associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes and dyslipidemia, deficiency in adiponectin may also directly compromise endothelial action and promote atherosclerosis.
Helping a Client Violate Jewish Law

Often a client desires to accomplish an objective that contradicts Jewish law. For example, he may want to collect money to which, under Jewish law, he is not entitled. This chapter comprehensively explores whether, as a matter of Jewish law, a Jewish attorney is permitted to represent such a client. If the client would not have succeeded but for the assistance of this particular attorney, the chapter asks whether the attorney has violated the biblical prohibition against enabling another to transgress Jewish law. Second, even if the client would have prevailed without the help of this particular attorney, the chapter examines whether the attorney has nonetheless violated a biblical, or at least a rabbinic, injunction. Finally, the chapter asks a separate question, one largely, if not entirely, ignored by prior writers, namely, whether, depending on what the attorney may have said to the client in the course of the representation, the attorney may have violated a distinct prohibition against merely encouraging someone to violate Jewish law. This chapter is probably the most extensive treatment in English of the relevant issues, and it provides copious citations to Talmudic and post-Talmudic sources.
Occupational stress among law enforcement rangers: insights from Uganda

In many countries law enforcement rangers are frontline guardians responsible for the management, monitoring and protection of protected areas and wildlife species. To date, little research has been conducted on law enforcement rangers and their perceptions of stress. This exploratory study contributes to both the criminological and conservation literature by exploring an important human dimension often neglected in conservation science research: law enforcement rangers. Similar to previous research on police occupational stress, it is expected that law enforcement rangers experience stressors unique to their profession. Utilizing an ethnographic case study approach based on interviews and participant observation, this research examines ranger perceptions of occupational stress in a protected area in Uganda. Findings indicate that law enforcement rangers are exposed to various occupational/task-related, external, internal, and occupation-related personal strains. Results from the study have implications in understanding, reducing and preventing occupational stress in rangers, as well as in capacity building for park management.
Autoimmune neutropenia [see comments]

There have been several new developments in the field of autoimmune neutropenia over the past decade. Neutropenia caused by antibodies directed against granulocyte precursor cells, the oligoclonal nature of antineutrophil antibodies, and the expanding knowledge of neutrophil antigens, particularly in relationship to autoantibodies, are exciting new areas of investigation. Knowledge has also been advanced in the effector mechanisms of neutrophil autoantibodies and the effect of autoantibodies on the neutrophil function. In addition, some clinical syndromes of immune neutropenia have been better defined over the past decade, such as autoimmune neutropenia of infancy and chronic idiopathic neutropenia in adults. The past decade also saw interesting developments in the treatment of immune neutropenia, particularly in the use of gammaglobulin preparations and more recently in the advent of hematopoietic growth factors. This review focuses on these newer aspects of autoimmune neutropenia.
Inhibition of aflatoxin-induced serum alpha-fetoprotein in rats fed cauliflower.

SummaryThe highly sensitive competitive binding radioimmunoassay showed an increased level of serum AFP in Fischer male rats fed 1 ppm of AB1 in a semipurified diet for 5 weeks. A 20% cauliflower diet significantly reduced serum AFP and increased hepatic MFO activity. The results of this study suggests that the lowered serum AFP predicts dietary cauliflower's protective action against AB1 -induced hepatocarcinoma.
Resource utilization for the neurologically impaired patient. A compendium of available sources.

Of the estimated 32 million physically handicapped people in the United States, 500,000 are restricted to a wheelchair. It is the obligation of the medical profession to seek ways of adapting the home environment and the community in order to help these people regain functional capability. Toward this end, each physician should compile a referral list of appropriate services and information agencies. The author describes the basic books, governmental agencies, private enterprises, and charitable organizations which might serve as the backbone of such a resource file.
A Gospel Imperative: Looking Honestly Into the Face of Alzheimer’s

Every faith community has some members suffering from Alzheimer’s or other age-related dementias. Most are older adults who once actively contributed to their families and communities. Each incident of Alzheimer’s creates sufferers beyond the person with the disease. These additional sufferers stand by, watching the cognitive capacities of persons they love steadily decline. The burdens imposed on those who watch, as well as the burdens imposed on those who provide primary care, endure for many years. These are heavy burdens indeed. Pastoral care of those impacted by Alzheimer’s disease is not optional. It is a Gospel imperative. It is not merely Christian charity, kind attention, or an effort to alleviate human suffering. It is a form of witness to which we are called and by which we are to make disciples (Matt 28:19). Admittedly, the path of this ministry is not presently not well developed. This paper attempts to advance the development of this ministry by identifying (i) theological truths upon which this ministry must build; and (ii) core elements that must be incorporated into the planning of this ministry.
Virulence profile: W. Conrad Liles.

I was raised in a small town in Western Kentucky, where I played soccer and basketball and ran track in high school. The outdoors interested me early on. Up through junior high school, I pursued tr...
Vernetzte Ökosysteme – Smart Cities, Smart Grids und Smart Homes

Alles soll smarter werden. Aber warum denn nur? Wenn man smart mit elegant, schlau, klug, pfiffig und intelligent ubersetzt, kann man zeigen, dass der Wandel von bestehenden Komponenten und Prozessen hin zu diesen Attributen eine kleine Spielerei im Smart Home mit personlichem Nutzen sein kann, oder im grosen Stile einen positiven betriebswirtschaftlichen oder sogar volkswirtschaftlichen Effekt bringt. Intelligente Heizungssteuerungen, die Integration Erneuerbarer Energien, Verkehrsleitsysteme in Cities und deren Einfluss auf das Weltklima zeigen die Spannweite des Themas. Durch den Einsatz von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT) wird eine Transformation der bestehenden Systeme erst moglich. Die Zauberworte heisen hier „Cyber-physische Systeme“ und „Internet der Dinge“. Die notwendigen Technologien, Chancen, Risiken und Beispiele fur vernetzte Einsatzgebiete sollen in diesem Kapitel gezeigt werden.
Climate warming reduces fish production and benthic habitat in Lake Tanganyika, one of the most biodiverse freshwater ecosystems

Warming climates are rapidly transforming lake ecosystems worldwide, but the breadth of changes in tropical lakes is poorly documented. Sustainable management of freshwater fisheries and biodiversity requires accounting for historical and ongoing stressors such as climate change and harvest intensity. This is problematic in tropical Africa, where records of ecosystem change are limited and local populations rely heavily on lakes for nutrition. Here, using a ∼1,500-y paleoecological record, we show that declines in fishery species and endemic molluscs began well before commercial fishing in Lake Tanganyika, Africa's deepest and oldest lake. Paleoclimate and instrumental records demonstrate sustained warming in this lake during the last ∼150 y, which affects biota by strengthening and shallowing stratification of the water column. Reductions in lake mixing have depressed algal production and shrunk the oxygenated benthic habitat by 38% in our study areas, yielding fish and mollusc declines. Late-20th century fish fossil abundances at two of three sites were lower than at any other time in the last millennium and fell in concert with reduced diatom abundance and warming water. A negative correlation between lake temperature and fish and mollusc fossils over the last ∼500 y indicates that climate warming and intensifying stratification have almost certainly reduced potential fishery production, helping to explain ongoing declines in fish catches. Long-term declines of both benthic and pelagic species underscore the urgency of strategic efforts to sustain Lake Tanganyika's extraordinary biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Qualifying Relative Timing Constraints for Asynchronous Circuits

Relative Timing uses path based timing constraints to guarantee that a circuit conforms to its behavioral specification. Timing constraints are used to order signal transitions or events in a circuit through corresponding minimum and maximum delay timing constraints. A circuit may have multiple sets of constraints, each of which, when satisfied, can individually ensure functional correctness. This paper presents a framework to evaluate and rank relative timing constraint sets for a given circuit. The constraint sets are evaluated on the basis of robustness of the constraints and conflicts between constraints in the same set. The analysis is automated by building a tool. The paper applies the methodology and tool to optimize the extraction of relative timing constraints for delay insensitive timing models of asynchronous circuits. This is demonstrated using a burst-mode controller. The optimization leads to an average tool runtime reduction of 94%.
Meal Detection and Carbohydrate Estimation Using Continuous Glucose Sensor Data

A meal detection and meal-size estimation algorithm is developed for use in artificial pancreas (AP) control systems for people with type 1 diabetes. The algorithm detects the consumption of a meal and estimates its carbohydrate (CHO) amount to determine the appropriate dose of insulin bolus for a meal. It can be used in AP systems without manual meal announcements, or as a safety feature for people who may forget entering meal information manually. Using qualitative representation of the filtered continuous glucose monitor signal, a time period labeled as meal flag is identified. At every sampling time during this time period, a fuzzy system estimates the amount of CHO. Meal size estimator uses both glucose sensor and insulin data. Meal insulin bolus is based on estimated CHO. The algorithm does not change the basal insulin rate. Thirty in silico subjects of the UVa/Padova simulator are used to illustrate the performance of the algorithm. For the evaluation dataset, the sensitivity and false positives detection rates are 91.3% and 9.3%, respectively, the absolute error in CHO estimation is 23.1%, the mean blood glucose level is 142 mg/dl, and glucose concentration stays in target range (70–180 mg/dl) for 76.8% of simulation duration on average.
Femoral artery plaque characteristics, lower extremity collaterals, and mobility loss in peripheral artery disease:

Little is known about the prognostic significance of specific characteristics of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measured plaque in the superficial femoral artery (SFA). Associations of MRI-measured plaque quantity, lumen area, and plaque composition in the SFA with subsequent mobility loss were studied in people with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD). Participants with an ankle-brachial index (ABI) < 1.00 were identified from Chicago medical centers and underwent direct visualization of atherosclerotic plaque in the SFA using MRI. Participants were followed annually for up to 4 years. Mobility loss was defined as becoming unable to walk up and down a flight of stairs or walk one-quarter of a mile without assistance among participants without mobility impairment at baseline. Analyses adjusted for age, sex, race, comorbidities, ABI, physical activity, and other confounders. Of 308 PAD participants without baseline mobility impairment, 100 (32.5%) developed mobility loss during follow-up. Compared to the lowest mean plaque area tertile at baseline, participants in the highest (worst) plaque area tertile had a higher rate of mobility loss (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14-3.79, p = 0.018). Compared to the highest mean lumen area tertile, the smallest (worst) mean lumen area tertile was associated with greater mobility loss (HR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.20-3.96, p = 0.011). Neither lipid rich necrotic core nor calcium in the SFA were associated with mobility loss. In conclusion, greater plaque quantity and smaller lumen area in the proximal SFA, but not lipid rich necrotic core or calcium, were associated with higher mobility loss in people with PAD.
Offset-fed dielectric reflectarray antenna designs

In this work, we present two offset-fed dielectric reflectarray designs. Both reflectarrays feature broadband designs realized by using dielectric blocks backed by a PEC plane. One of these arrays uses a phase compensating flat lens to reduce the maximum permittivity of the dielectric blocks covering the PEC. We compare the results of both reflectarrays and list their benefits as compared to traditional reflectarrays that use resonant elements for their designs, which render them narrowband.
Integrated Behavioral Medicine in Cancer Care: Utilizing a Training Program Model to Provide Psychological Services in an Urban Cancer Center

Psycho-oncology has come of age as its own unique subspecialty under the umbrella of oncology, vastly refining our knowledge regarding the psychosocial impact of cancer and fostering acceptance of the psychological underpinnings of the cancer experience, in turn improving the overall quality of cancer care. The importance of integrating psychological practice into the comprehensive treatment of cancer has become readily apparent, and psychosocial support services are increasing in quantity and breadth. It is the aim of this article to present a cogent argument for the proliferation of Integrated Behavioral Medicine (IBM) programs in both inpatient and outpatient clinical cancer treatment centers via an in-depth discussion of a successful IBM program including analysis of program structure, service delivery model and description of clinical services provided, and a longitudinal review of referral trends.
Abstract 18293: Temporal Comparison of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Porcine Model of Untreated Ventricular Fibrillation

Introduction: The ability of a heart in ventricular fibrillation (VF) to achieve return of spontaneous circulation depends on the bioenergetic state of the cardiomyocytes and the capability of the mitochondria to respire and produce ATP. Our goal was to investigate the temporal effect on cardiac mitochondrial respiration, calcium retention capacity and ATP synthesis during prolonged untreated VF. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the ability of cardiac mitochondria to respire, tolerate calcium stress and produce ATP is preserved during prolonged untreated VF of up to 30 minutes. Methods: Anaesthetized and intubated female pigs (n=7) were used to compare the mitochondrial function of isolated mitochondria and the bioenergetics of cardiac left ventricular (LV) tissue over time. VF was induced using a temporary pacing wire. Serial heart biopsies were taken at minutes 5, 10, 15 and 30, and were randomized to be taken consecutively from either base or apex. Cardiac mitochondria were isolated via differential centrifugation. Isolated mitochondrial respiration, calcium retention capacity and ATP synthesis were assessed using complex 1 (Pyruvate + Malate) and complex 2 (Rotenone + Succinate). For controls, data from seven naive (non-ischemic non-fibrillating) hearts were utilized from a different group of animals. Results were analyzed by one way ANOVA and p Results: The effect of time on a fibrillating heart of up to 15 minutes does not impair the cardiac mitochondria to respire effectively and produce ATP (Table 1). Mitochondrial function until minute 15 of untreated VF is effectively similar to naive hearts. Mitochondrial functional state decreases after 30 minutes of untreated VF. Conclusion: Our results indicate that cardiac mitochondrial function and ability to respire and produce ATP remains intact for up to 15 minutes of untreated VF. Mitochondrial function appears compromised after 30 minutes of global ischemia and no flow.
Some Structural and Electrical Characteristics of GaAs Annealed after Implantation with Be, Mg, Zn, and Cd

Chromium doped semi-insulating GaAs was annealed at 800°C after implantation with Be, Mg, Zn, and Cd ions at 60 KeV and ambient temperature with a fluence of 1015 ions/cm2. The defect structures in the as-implanted and as-annealed states were examined using transmission electron microscopy techniques. The differences in the electrical properties of the specimens implanted with different ions are discussed in relation to the differences in the observed defect structures for the various samples.
Pseudomonas chlororaphis Produces Multiple R-Tailocin Particles That Broaden the Killing Spectrum and Contribute to Persistence in Rhizosphere Communities.

ABSTRACT R-tailocins are high-molecular-weight bacteriocins resembling bacteriophage tails. Pseudomonas chlororaphis 30-84 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) strain that produces two distinct R-tailocin particles with different killing spectra. The two R-tailocins have different evolutionary histories but are released by the same lysis cassette. A previous study showed that both tailocins are important for pairwise competition with susceptible rhizosphere-colonizing strains; however, the broader role of tailocins in competition with the native rhizosphere microbiome was not tested. Genomic analysis of the P. chlororaphis 30-84 R-tailocin gene cluster uncovered the presence of three tail fiber genes in the tailocin 2 genetic module that could potentially result in tailocin 2 particles having different tail fibers and thus a wider killing spectrum. In this study, the tail fibers were found to incorporate onto different tailocin 2 particles, each with a distinct killing spectrum. A loss of production of one or both tailocins resulted in decreased P. chlororaphis 30-84 persistence within the wheat rhizosphere when in competition with the native microflora but not bulk soil. The capacity to produce three different versions of a single tailocin, each having one of three different types of tail fibers, is a previously unreported mechanism that leads to a broader R-tailocin killing spectrum. This study also provides evidence for the function of R-tailocins in competition with rhizosphere microbiome communities but not in bulk soil. IMPORTANCE Although R-tailocin gene clusters typically encode one tail fiber protein, three tail fiber-resembling genes were identified in association with one of the two sets of R-tailocin genes within the tailocin cluster of P. chlororaphis 30-84 and other sequenced P. chlororaphis strain genomes. This study confirmed that P. chlororaphis 30-84 not only produces two distinct tailocins, but that one of them is produced with three different types of tail fibers. This is a previously unreported strategy to increase the breadth of strains targeted by an R-tailocin. Our finding that R-tailocins produced by a PGPR Pseudomonas strain enhanced its persistence within the wheat rhizosphere microbiome confirms that R-tailocin production contributes to the population dynamics of rhizobacterial communities.
In Situ Strain Measurement in Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries

Volumetric changes due to repeated lithiation and delithiation are a significant source of electrode degradation and capacity fade in rechargeable batteries. Measurement of such volumetric changes and their resultant electro-chemo-mechanical strains and stresses have previously been investigated in conventional liquid-electrolyte Li-ion batteries. In the present study, we propose to extend the current knowledge and measurement techniques into the area of all-solid-state Li-ion batteries. Due to the presence of inherent property mismatch as well as confinements imposed at the interfaces between the electrodes and solid electrolyte, solid-state battery components are more prone to interfacial damage and. In this work, novel experimental approaches are designed to facilitate in-situ strain measurements on solid electrolytes (SE), electrodes and SE/electrode interface. Digital image correlation (DIC) is utilized to enable full-field strain measurements.
Achievement Linked to Recovery from Addiction: Discussing Education, Vocation, and Non-Addict Identity

Despite decades of research, more than 400 million people around the globe suffer from substance abuse and only 10% to 43% maintain abstinence after treatment. Social support, spirituality, self-co...
Chronic Kidney Disease and the Adiposity Paradox: Valid or Confounded?

Objective Obesity, defined by body mass index (BMI), is associated with lower mortality risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). BMI and % body fat (%BF) are confounded by muscle mass, while DXA derived fat mass index (FMI) overcomes this limitation. We compared the associations between obesity and mortality in persons with CKD using multiple estimates of adiposity, and determined whether muscle mass, inflammation and weight loss modify these associations. Methods Obesity was defined using BMI and DXA-derived FMI and %BF cut-offs in 2,852 NHANES participants with CKD from 1999-2006 and linked to the National Death Index with follow up through 2011. Cox proportional hazards models assessed associations between mortality and measures of obesity. Results Obesity based on FMI and continuous variables, FMI, BMI and %BF were associated with lower mortality. The protective association of obesity was less pronounced among participants with higher muscle mass and was no longer significant after adjustment for prior weight loss. Inflammation did not modify these associations. Conclusions We observed lower mortality associated with higher fat mass, particularly among persons with lower muscle mass. The prevalence of >10% weight loss was half as common among obese compared to non-obese participants and confounded these associations.
A Response to Fiscal Stress: Public Sector Employment Reduction across States during a Budget Crisis

This paper incorporates measurements of the four financial condition dimensions of cash, budget, long-run, and service solvency to explore the link between financial condition and public sector emp...
Application of Hydroxycholesterols for Alveolar Cleft Osteoplasty in a Rodent Model.

Background:Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have played a central role in the regenerative therapies for bone reconstruction, including alveolar cleft and craniofacial surgery. However, the high cost and significant adverse effect of BMPs limit their broad application. Hydroxycholesterols, natural
Twitter and Disasters: A Social Resilience Fingerprint

Understanding the resilience of a community facing a crisis event is critical to improving its adaptive capacity. Community resilience has been conceptualized as a function of the resilience of components of a community such as ecological, infrastructure, economic, and social systems, etc. In this paper, we introduce the concept of a “resilience fingerprint” and propose a multi-dimensional method for analyzing components of community resilience by leveraging existing definitions of community resilience with data from the social network Twitter. Twitter data from 14 events are analyzed and their resulting resilience fingerprints computed. We compare the fingerprints between events and show that major disasters such as hurricanes and earthquakes have a unique resilience fingerprint which is consistent between different events of the same type. Specifically, hurricanes have a distinct fingerprint which differentiates them from other major events. We analyze the components underlying the similarity among hurricanes and find that ecological, infrastructure and economic components of community resilience are the primary drivers of the difference between the community resilience of hurricanes and other major events.
Reactor performance and safety characteristics of ThN-UN fuel concepts in a PWR

Abstract The reactor performance and safety characteristics of mixed thorium mononitride (ThN) and uranium mononitride (UN) fuels in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) are investigated to discern the potential nonproliferation, waste, and accident tolerance benefits provided by this fuel form. This paper presents results from an initial screening of mixed ThN-UN fuels in normal PWR operating conditions and compares their reactor performance to UO2 in terms of fuel cycle length, reactivity coefficients, and thermal safety margin. ThN has been shown to have a significantly greater thermal conductivity than UO2 and UN. Admixture with a UN phase is required because thorium initially contains no fissile isotopes. Results from this study show that ThN-UN mixtures exist that can match the cycle length of a UO2-fueled reactor by using 235U enrichments greater than 5% but less than 20% in the UN phase. Reactivity coefficients were calculated for UO2, UN, and ThN-UN mixtures, and it was found that the fuel temperature and moderator temperature coefficients of the nitride-based fuels fall within the acceptable limits specified by the AP1000 Design Control Document. Reduced soluble boron and control rod worth for these fuel forms indicates that the shutdown margin may not be sufficient, and design changes to the control systems may need to be considered. The neutronic impact of 15N enrichment on reactivity coefficients is also included. Due to the greatly enhanced thermal conductivity of the nitride-based fuels, the UN and ThN-UN fuels provide additional margin to fuel melting temperature relative to UO2.
Martius Labial Fat Pad Graft (use in RVF Repair)

Video Objective To demonstrate the utility of the Martius Labial Fat Pad Graft in pelvic fistula repair. Setting We present a minimally invasive surgical approach for a patient with recurrent rectovaginal fistula. Interventions An incision is made over the labium majus exposing the yellow fibrofatty graft. This graft is first retracted medially where a natural tissue plane facilitates dissection from the adjacent labium majus. It is then retracted laterally where a plane between it and the bulbocavernosus muscle is developed. To avoid devascularization of adjacent skin, a thin fatty layer is left attached at its undersurface. The division of the flap is begun in this case, at its anterior pedicle. It is important to develop a flap that easily covers the defect with a good degree of overlap. Once the flap has been sufficiently mobilized, a shellcross is used to create the subepithelial defect to enable passage of the flap through the levator plate. This defect is widened enough to prevent compression on the pedicled blood supply. After appropriate positioning, the flap is sewn into place by attaching it to the adjacent, underlying rectovaginal fascia with interrupted 2-0 Vicryl suture. It is important to note that no tensioning of the flap is required to approximate it to the adjacent tissue. The posterior vaginal wall is next closed over the graft in two layers followed by closure of the labial defect. Conclusion The Martius flap has multiple minimally invasive advantages in fistula repair to include low morbidity, lack of a cosmetic defect and the need for only a single surgical field. Its’ abundant blood supply promotes rapid neovascularization of the transplanted graft and lends itself well to a variety of surgical modifications that can be utilized in the repair of even the most difficult of fistulas.
Prefrontal cortex interneurons display dynamic sex-specific stress-induced transcriptomes

γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory interneurons play a key role in efferent and afferent control of principle neuron activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), thereby regulating signal integrity of cognitive and behavioral processes. Recent evidence suggests that specific subtypes of interneurons in the PFC mediate stress-induced depressive-like behaviors. Abnormalities of GABA interneurons, particularly the somatostatin (human, SST; mouse, Sst) subtype, have been reported in postmortem brains of depressed subjects and include sex differences that could explain the increased incidence of depression in women. Here, we analyze the transcriptional profiles and the effects of chronic stress in males vs. females on GABA interneuron subtypes in the PFC. Using Sst- and Parvalbumin-fluorescence tagged reporter mice and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) combined with RNA sequencing, we identify distinct transcriptome profiles for these interneuron subtypes in the medial PFC. Based on evidence that SST interneurons are altered in depression, we then determined the effects of chronic stress on this interneuron subtype. Chronic stress causes significant dysregulation of several key pathways, including sex-specific differences in the Sst interneuron profiles. The transcriptional pathways altered by chronic stress in males overlap with enriched pathways in non-stressed females. These changes occurred predominantly in decreased expression of elongation initiation factor 2 (EIF2) signaling, suggesting that dysfunction of the translational machinery of SST interneurons could be critical to the development of depressive-like behaviors in males. In addition, SST interneurons from females exposed to chronic stress show dysregulation of different, growth factor signaling pathways.
Systems-level analysis of NalD mutation, a recurrent driver of rapid drug resistance in acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a main cause of human infection, can gain resistance to the antibiotic aztreonam through a mutation in NalD, a transcriptional repressor of cellular efflux. Here we combine computational analysis of clinical isolates, transcriptomics, metabolic modeling and experimental validation to find a strong association between NalD mutations and resistance to aztreonam—as well as resistance to other antibiotics—across P. aeruginosa isolated from different patients. A detailed analysis of one patient’s timeline shows how this mutation can emerge in vivo and drive rapid evolution of resistance while the patient received cancer treatment, a bone marrow transplantation, and antibiotics up to the point of causing the patient’s death. Transcriptomics analysis confirmed the primary mechanism of NalD action—a loss-of-function mutation that caused constitutive overexpression of the MexAB-OprM efflux system—which lead to aztreonam resistance but, surprisingly, had no fitness cost in the absence of the antibiotic. We constrained a genome-scale metabolic model using the transcriptomics data to investigate changes beyond the primary mechanism of resistance, including adaptations in major metabolic pathways and membrane transport concurrent with aztreonam resistance, which may explain the lack of a fitness cost. We propose that metabolic adaptations may allow resistance mutations to endure in the absence of antibiotics and could be targeted by future therapies against antibiotic resistant pathogens.
Tolerance to rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), infestations among hybrid and inbred rice cultivars in the Southern U.S.

Abstract The rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, is the most destructive insect pest of rice in the U.S. This insect poses a global threat to rice production, having invaded rice-producing regions of Asia and Europe. Tolerance is a type of plant resistance that allows crop plants to maintain yield in spite of injury by herbivores. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that tolerance to L. oryzophilus infestations differs between hybrid and inbred rice cultivars. Field experiments were conducted in Louisiana in 2016–2017 and in multiple locations (Texas, Mississippi, and Louisiana) in 2018. Plant tolerance was assessed by evaluating L. oryzophilus infestations and yields from insecticide-protected and unprotected plots of hybrid and inbred rice cultivars. Infestations of L. oryzophilus negatively affected rice yields, with losses across cultivars ranging from 16.4 to 48.0% in 2016 and 4.2–29.2% in 2017. In the multiple location experiment in 2018, yield losses ranged from 4.1 to 29.7, 7.7–17.2, and 4.5–12.2% in Louisiana, Texas, and Mississippi, respectively. Comparisons of yields between insecticide-protected and unprotected plots indicated that hybrid cultivars exhibited higher tolerance to L. oryzophilus infestations than inbred cultivars in 2016 and 2017. Moreover, in the multiple location experiment in 2018, yield losses were lower in hybrid compared to inbred cultivars in Texas, but no differences in yield losses across cultivars were observed in Louisiana and Mississippi. Rice cultivars expressing tolerance to L. oryzophilus could be used to reduce pest damage in situations where use of insecticides is not practical, too expensive, or only partially effective.
Test of an inverted J-curve hypothesis between the expected real exchange rate and real output: the case of Hungary

Applying a reduced form equation derived from a simultaneous system and the interactive dummy variable technique, this paper finds that expected real depreciation raises real output for Hungary in early years whereas expected real appreciation increases real output in later years. Hence, there is evidence of an inverted J-curve relationship between the expected real exchange rate and real output. In addition, a lower ratio of government consumption spending to GDP, a higher real financial stock price, and/or a lower expected inflation rate would increase real GDP for Hungary.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus Device Closure in Low Birth Weight Premature Infants: A Single Center Experience

Background/Purpose: Premature infants are at increased risk of developing a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), with resulting increased morbidity and mortality. Transcatheter closure of PDA is the treatment of choice in patients weighing > 5 kg; however, as new devices become commercially available, further investigation is warranted in low birth weight premature infants. The primary aim of this study is to describe the outcomes of transcatheter device closure with various devices in infants weighing ≤ 2.5 kg. The secondary aim of this study is to describe echocardiographic characteristics associated …
Chemo-proteomics exploration of HDAC degradability by small molecule degraders

Targeted protein degradation refers to the use of small molecules that recruit a ubiquitin ligase to a target protein for ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome-dependent degradation. While degraders have been developed for many targets, key questions regarding degrader development and the consequences of acute pharmacological degradation remain, specifically for targets that exist in obligate multi-protein complexes. Here, we synthesize a pan-histone deacetylase (HDAC) degrader library for the chemo-proteomic exploration of acute degradation of a key class of chromatin-modifying enzymes. Using chemo-proteomics, we not only map the degradability of the zinc-dependent HDAC family identifying leads for targeting HDACs 1-8 and 10 but also explore important aspects of degrading epigenetic enzymes. We discover cell line-driven target specificity and that HDAC degradation often results in collateral loss of HDAC-containing repressive complexes. These findings potentially offer a new mechanism toward controlling chromatin structure, and our resource will facilitate accelerated degrader design and development for HDACs.
Identifying Exact Pairs of Zero-divisors from Zero-divisor Graphs of Commutative Rings

We provide criteria for identifying exact pairs of zero-divisors from zero-divisor graphs of commutative rings, and extend these criteria to compressed zero-divisor graphs. Finally, our results are translated as constructions for exact zero-divisor subgraphs.
UCB-Type Learning Algorithms for Lost-Sales Inventory Models with Lead Times

In this paper, we consider a classic periodic-review lost-sales inventory system with lead times, which is notoriously challenging to optimize with a wide range of real-world applications. We consider a joint learning and optimization problem in which the decision-maker does not know the demand distribution a priori and can only use past sales information (i.e., censored demand). Departing from existing learning algorithms on this learning problem (e.g., Huh et al. 2009a, Agrawal and Jia 2019, Zhang et al. 2020) that require the convexity property of the underlining system, we develop an Upper Confidence Bound (UCB)-type learning framework and show it can be applied to the learning of not only the optimal base-stock policy, but also the optimal capped base-stock policy in which the convexity property no longer holds. Compared with a classic multi-armed bandit problem, our problem has unique challenges due to the nature of the inventory system, because (1) each action has long-term impacts on future costs, and (2) the system state space is exponentially large in the lead time. Hence, our learning algorithms are not naive adoptions of the classic UCB algorithm: the design of the simulation and averaging steps is novel in our algorithms, and the confidence width in the UCB index is also different from the classic one. We prove the regrets of our learning algorithms are tight, up to a logarithmic term, in the planning horizon T. Our extensive numerical experiments suggest the proposed algorithms (almost) dominate existing learning algorithms. We also propose a practical way to select which learning algorithm to use with limited demand data.
Strain Gradient Representation of Discrete Structures

Purpose of Lesson To present procedures for identifying and utilizing linearly independent sets of strain gradient quantities that a two-dimensional truss is capable of representing as a way to highlight the role of individual strain states as generalized coordinates.
Weighted Energy Conservation

This chapter contains sections titled: Data Model Data-Normalized Adaptive Filters Weighted Energy Conservation Relation Weighted Variance Relation
Factors in the Adoption of Third-Party B2B Portals in the Textile Industry

Information sharing is a key element in any Supply Chain Management (SCM) system and is critical for improving supply chain performance and enhancing the competitive advantage of an organization. However, many organizations are reluctant to share information with their supply chain partners because of lack of trust, the fear of information leakage and security attacks from malicious individuals or groups. Through an extensive literature review, this paper examines the possible security threats/attacks in a SCM system. Then the key technologies and techniques for securing the information shared in SCM are identified with the goal of improving organizations' capabilities in sharing secure information.
Coupling Qubits by Waves on the Electron Sea

There is great interest in exploiting the unique behavior of quantum systems for computation, but building real devices has proved difficult. One approach is to use electron spin to represent the qubits (quantum bits) in a computational device. In their Perspective, [Glazman and Ashoori][1] discuss results reported in the same issue by [ Craig et al .][2] on using quantum dots as quantum logic elements. The dots act as artificial atoms, with the number of electrons on each subject to control. The electron spins in a pair of quantum dots interact with each other, and the Kondo effect enables detection of the state of the spin pair. This ability to control and detect the interaction between the spins may one day find use in quantum computation. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/304/5670/524 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/304/5670/565
Stereochemical Course of the Maleate Hydratase Reaction

Abstract Equilibration of maleate in D2O with a partially purified preparation of maleate hydratase from rabbit kidney resulted in the formation of d-malate containing 1 atom of stably bound deuterium per molecule. The enzyme therefore catalyzes a stereospecific addition to the double bond of maleate. The product of the enzymatic hydration in D2O was examined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In addition, the monodeuteriosuccinate obtained by chemical reduction of the deuterated d-malate was analyzed for its optical rotatory properties. The absolute configuration of the enzymatically deuterated malate was thus established and corresponded to the structure d-malate-3-d-(3-R). It was concluded that the over-all reaction catalyzed by maleate hydratase is trans.
Interaction of an Adenovirus E3 14.7-kilodalton Protein With a Novel Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Inducible Cellular Protein Containing Leucine Zipper Domains

Early region 3 (E3) of group C human adenoviruses (Ad) encodes several inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) cytolysis, including an E3 14.7-kDa protein (E3-14.7K) and a heterodimer containing two polypeptides of 10.4 and 14.5 kDa. To understand the mechanism by which the viral proteins inhibit TNF-alpha functions, the E3-14.7K protein was used to screen a HeLa cell cDNA library to search for interacting proteins in the yeast two-hybrid system. A novel protein containing multiple leucine zipper domains without any significant homology with any known protein was identified and has been named FIP-2 (for 14.7K-interacting protein). FIP-2 interacted with E3-14.7K both in vitro and in vivo. It colocalized with Ad E3-14.7K in the cytoplasm, especially near the nuclear membrane, and caused redistribution of the viral protein. FIP-2 by itself does not cause cell death; however, it can reverse the protective effect of E3-14.7K on cell killing induced by overexpression of the intracellular domain of the 55-kDa TNF receptor or by RIP, a death protein involved in the TNF-alpha and Fas apoptosis pathways. Deletion analysis indicates that the reversal effect of FIP-2 depends on its interaction with E3-14.7K. Three major mRNA forms of FIP-2 have been detected in multiple human tissues, and expression of the transcripts was induced by TNF-alpha treatment in a time-dependent manner in two different cell lines. FIP-2 has consensus sequences for several potential posttranslational modifications. These data suggest that FIP-2 is one of the cellular targets for Ad E3-14.7K and that its mechanism of affecting cell death involves the TNF receptor, RIP, or a downstream molecule affected by either of these two molecules.