cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The symptoms of advanced cancer: relationship to age, gender, and performance status in 1,000 patients

A multivariate analysis of the data was conducted to evaluate the effects of age, gender, and performance status on symptom profile. A comprehensive prospective analysis of symptoms was conducted in 1,000 patients on initial referral to the Palliative Medicine Program of the Cleveland Clinic. The median number of symptoms per patient was 11 (range 1-27). The ten most prevalent symptoms were pain, easy fatigue, weakness, anorexia, lack of energy, dry mouth, constipation, early satiety, dyspnea, and greater than 10% weight loss. The prevalence of these 10 symptoms ranged from 50% to 84%. Younger age was associated with 11 symptoms: blackout, vomiting, pain, nausea, headache, sedation, bloating, sleep problems, anxiety, depression, and constipation. Gender was associated with 8 symptoms. Males had more dysphagia, hoarseness, >10% weight loss and sleep problems; females, more early satiety, nausea, vomiting, and anxiety. Performance status was associated with 14 symptoms. Advanced cancer patients are polysymptomatic. Ten symptoms are highly prevalent. Symptom prevalence for 24 individual symptoms differs with age, or gender, or performance status.
Clopidogrel dose responsiveness, poststroke survival and SSRI treatment, and discontinuation of physician- pharmacist intervention

especially if the patient has a history of depression or was taking an SSRI before the stroke." The association of depres- sion diagnosis and pre- and/or poststroke selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment with survival (days) was examined. Depression treatment and diagnosis data for 6 months before and 1 year after the stroke index date were abstracted for a retrospective cohort (n = 790). Of veterans, 12% died 1 year or less after the stroke and an additional 26% died within 7 years. Veterans treat- ed with an SSRI only before their stroke were three times more likely to die (haz- ard ratio 3.12 (95% CI 1.60-6.09)). SSRI treatment before and after the stroke was protective compared with no SSRI for 1 year after the stroke (0.31 (0.11-0.86)). However, SSRI treatment before and af- ter stroke conferred greater risk by the end of 7 years (1.36 (1.00-1.87)). Implications. Poststroke SSRI treat- ment was associated with longer survival. Possible reasons include undiagnosed or continuing depression with no opportu- nity to benefit if untreated. These findings provide additional evidence for a random- ized trial of poststroke treatment prophy- laxis.
Source mechanism of the Truckee, California, earthquake of September 12 1966

With additional data on P wave polarities, the existing fault plane solution for the Truckee, California, earthquake of September 12 1966 (Ryall, Van Wormer and Jones, 1968) is revised to have the following strike and dip angles for its nodal planes: View this table: Nodal plane A is shown to agree very well with the aftershock zone determined by Greensfelder (1968). The observed Rayleigh and Love wave amplitude spectra from four WWSSN stations in the eastern United States are consistent with the revised solution, but not with the original one by Ryall et al . From these data, the focal depth and seismic moment of the earthquake are determined as 10 km and 0.83 × 1025 dyne-cm, respectively. The focal depth so obtained is the same as that determined from the near station travel time data by Ryall et al . The seismic moment is used to give a minimum estimate of about 30 cm for the average dislocation of the fault.
Stimulation of esophageal mechanoreceptors is dependent on rate and duration of distension

We randomly compared rapid (170 ml/s) and slow (0.7 ml/s) rates of balloon distension in 19 volunteers (9 male, 10 female) using a latex balloon (length 3 cm) positioned 5 cm proximal to the lower esophageal sphincter. The balloon was inflated/deflated (1-s dwell; 5- to 10-s interval) with increasing 2-ml volumes during rapid inflation studies and progressively distended during slow inflation studies while subjects blindly indicated feeling, rated as follows: 0 (no sensation); 1 (aware of balloon, but no discomfort); 2 (pain or discomfort). In a second set of studies, the balloon was left inflated for 60 s at a volume 2 ml below that producing sensation 1, and time until a change in sensation was recorded. This was repeated at a volume 2 ml below that producing sensation 2. Mean volume to sensation 1 with slow inflation was 14.6 +/- 1.2 ml (SE) and with rapid inflation was 8.5 +/- 0.8 ml (P < 0.001). Mean volume to sensation 2 with slow inflation was 23.7 +/- 1.0 ml and with rapid inflation was 17.4 +/- 1.0 ml (P < 0.001). With sustained (60 s) inflation, most subjects noted increasing sensation, independent of initial inflation rate. We conclude that distal esophageal sensory perception (both awareness and discomfort) is dependent on rate of stimulation of mechanoreceptors. A sustained distension stimulus appears to recruit additional receptors and increase the level of sensory awareness.
Teaching Law Students to be Self-Regulated Learners

This article articulates a model of self-regulated learning for law students and lawyers, explains why law schools should aspire to teach their students to be self-regulated learners and details a curriculum designed to accomplish that goal. The first section of the article explains self-regulated learning. Self-regulated learning is a cyclical model of the learning process. In fact, all learners self-regulate, although many new law students are novice self-regulated learners. Self-regulation involves three phases. In the planning phase, learners decide what they want to learn and how they will learn it. Expert self-regulated learners are more likely to strive for mastery, to consciously make strategic choices in deciding how to study, and to consciously plan when and where they will study. In the second phase, expert learners implement their adopted strategies while monitoring whether they are learning and maintaining attention, and they quickly act to rectify confusion or distraction. In the reflection phase, expert learners evaluate their learning process to determine whether it was as effective and efficient as possible, attribute successes to personal competence and effort and failures to specific strategic choice errors, and plan how they will approach similar tasks in the future. The second section argues that law schools should include self-regulated learning skills among the skills they teach. This section details education studies from within and outside of legal education that show that expert self-regulated learners learn more, learn it better and enjoy the learning process more than their novice peers. The final section describes a curriculum designed to teach law students to be self-regulated learners. The curriculum, designed to replace law schools' traditional orientation programs, provides concrete ideas for teaching these skills and for reinforcing that instruction in students' first-year courses
Documentation for MeshKit - Reactor Geometry (&mesh) Generator

This report gives documentation for using MeshKit’s Reactor Geometry (and mesh) Generator (RGG) GUI and also briefly documents other algorithms and tools available in MeshKit. RGG is a program designed to aid in modeling and meshing of complex/large hexagonal and rectilinear reactor cores. RGG uses Argonne’s SIGMA interfaces, Qt and VTK to produce an intuitive user interface. By integrating a 3D view of the reactor with the meshing tools and combining them into one user interface, RGG streamlines the task of preparing a simulation mesh and enables real-time feedback that reduces accidental scripting mistakes that could waste hours of meshing. RGG interfaces with MeshKit tools to consolidate the meshing process, meaning that going from model to mesh is as easy as a button click. This report is designed to explain RGG v 2.0 interface and provide users with the knowledge and skills to pilot RGG successfully. Brief documentation of MeshKit source code, tools and other algorithms available are also presented for developers to extend and add new algorithms to MeshKit. RGG tools work in serial and parallel and have been used to model complex reactor core models consisting of conical pins, load pads, several thousands of axially varying material properties more » of instrumentation pins and other interstices meshes. « less
Experimental Dynamic Response of Reinforced Concrete Flat Plate Sub-Structure under Collapse Scenario

The overall goal of this research is to evaluate the potential of disproportionate collapse in older reinforced concrete flat-plate buildings subjected to the loss of a supporting column. If a supporting column experiences failure, then the load must be redistributed to the surrounding connections. If the punching shear resistance of the surrounding connections is not sufficient, then a progressive collapse may result. The research program considers dynamic testing of isolated slab column connections that represent the connection near the lost supporting column. The dynamic tests are compared to static tests of similar specimens to determine the possible strength increase in the connection due to the loading rate. The test results show that the dynamic loading can increase the ductility of the slab by 23%, but did not show any increase in the connection strength. In addition, one multi-panel specimen representing a 0.4 scale 9 column section of a flat slab building was dynamically tested. The specimen was loaded with dead weight equivalent to the design load 1.0D +0.5L and an exterior column dynamically removed. No progressive collapse occurred in the flat plate structure.
Cutting Both Ways: Race, Prejudice, and Motive in Tony Hillerman’s Detective Fiction

Tony Hillerman, journalist, academic, and novelist, has earned high praise for his detective fiction. Five of his mysteries compose the two brief but compelling series for which he is best known. The Blessing Way (1970),1 Dance Hall of the Dead (1973),2 and Listening Woman (1978),3 feature an officer of the Navajo police force, Joe Leaphorn; and People of Darkness (1980)4 and The Dark Wind (1982)5 center upon Leaphorn's younger colleague, Jim Chee. All of the novels are carefully wrought mysteries, satisfying for mystery fans as well as for critics.6 They are also, however, telling commentaries upon contemporary American life in the Southwest, for in addition to beautiful nature imagery and remarkably clear and effective glimpses into Native American life, they offer vivid accounts of the difficulties of operating in a multi-ethnic society. Each of .he novels poses an interesting and taxing puzzle for its protagonist-detective, and each problem involves at least one murder. Joe Leaphorn's cases require him to find the killers of Luis Horseman, a man who has compromised his tribal identity (Blessing); of Ernesto Cata, a youngster murdered during his preparation for an important role in a Zufni ceremonial (Dance); and of Anna Atcity and Hosteen Tso who are killed during a ritual directed toward healing, not death (Woman). Jim Chee's first assignment, tracking the killer of the head of the Peyote Church, also forces him to solve a much older crime (People), and his most recent case focuses upon the identification of a multilated corpse and of its killer (Wind). All five plots are informed by the religious faiths or ethical obligations of the characters; all examine the problems generated by overweening ambition or greed; and, very importantly, all are complicated by the tangled web of jurisdictional conflicts between various segments of the multi-ethnic society in which Officers Leaphorn and Chee work.
Application of Short Message Service Platform in Digitalized Hospital

Describes how our hospital utilizes the short message service platform to offer all-sided information services, such as case history query, register reservation, intercommunion, office automation and so on from the aspects of demand analysis, system design, main functions, application, etc. to varieties of users.
Study on resistance of Culex pipiens pallens to insecticides in Shanxian County of Shandong province

Objective To investigate the resistance ofpipiens pallens to five chemical insecticides commonly used in Shanxian County in Shandong province, and to provide basic information for proper and efficient control of mosquito Vectors.Methods WHO bioassay was used to test the resistance and coefficient of synergism of field populations of Cx. pipiens pallens to five kinds of insecticides in Shnxian County from 2011 to 2012. Results Of the five field populations of Cx.pipiens pallens, resistance indexes for cypermethrin, propoxur, deltamethrin, acetofenate, and DDVP were 395.60、3.20、238.33、4.24 and 8.27 in 2011, respectively; and were 339.30、2.70、254.00、4.01 and 7.19 in 2012, respectively. The coefficient of synergism of DDVP and acetofenate, propoxur and acetofenate were 160.27173.82 and 190.22230.47,respectively. Conclusion Cx. pipiens pallens in Shanxian County has showed different degrees of resistance to five commonly used chemical insecticides. Therefore, insecticide mixtures and synergistic agents should be used to delay and prevent the emergence and development of insecticidal resistance.
Characterizations of the Shakil-Kibria-Singh Distribution

Characterizations of a continuous univariate distribution due to Shakil, Kibria and Singh (2010) (SKS), based on a simple relationship between two truncated moments is presented. We also point out that some special cases of the SKS distribution can be characterized based on the hazard function.
Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhab

Into Oneworld’s Makers of the Muslim World series, which solicits concise, accessible biographies of the major thinkers and actors of Islamic history by leading experts, comes this study of the fou...
Design of Wideband Combined Annular Slot-Monopole Antenna

The magnetic current in an annular slot is used to enhance the impedance bandwidth of a monopole and preserve consistent radiation patterns from $ {K}$ -band through ${V}$ -band. The equivalent circuit models of monopole, annular slot, and their combination are derived to aid the RF system analysis with this antenna, herein referred to as a combined annular slot-monopole antenna. The proposed antenna is designed using full-wave and circuit simulations and the theory is experimentally validated. The measured VSWR is below 2 from 17.9 to 50 GHz. A consistent far-field characterized with monopole-like E-plane pattern, flat gain around 5.5±1 dBi, and good omnidirectionality (<2.5 dB) is preserved over the bandwidth. To further reduce in-band mismatch losses, a concentric ring atop the monopole is introduced and VSWR below 1.5 is achieved from 18.5 to 47.4 GHz.
Estimating farmers’ stated willingness to accept pay for ecosystem services: case of Lake Naivasha watershed Payment for Ecosystem Services scheme-Kenya

Lake Naivasha watershed is recognized for its contribution to Kenya’s national gross domestic product from the export of horticultural products. Commercial horticultural investment downstream depends mainly on the Lake’s water. The fresh water lake lacks surface outflow, and its recharge depends on river Malewa flowing from upper catchment in Aberdare ranges. However, unsustainable land use practices in the upper catchment has led to increasing sediment loading and pollution in river Malewa which affects water quality in the Lake downstream. Payment for Environmental Services (PES) scheme has been initiated as an alternative incentive approach to motivate upstream smallholder farmers adopt sustainable land use practices for conservation of watershed services. This paper analyzes willingness to accept pay (WTA) as proxy economic measure of environmental service (ES) value and determines socio-economic factors influencing farmers WTA for watershed conservation. We analyzed the WTA and characterized WTA underlying socio-economic determinants in two PES intervention sites in Kenya. The objective of this study was to estimate WTA and determine socio-economic factors influencing WTA. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 200 PES farmers through face-to-face interview. We applied contingent valuation (CV) and logistic regression for data analyses to elicit farmer’s WTA estimates to implement PES farm practices and determine socio-economic factors influencing WTA, respectively. Results revealed over 90 % of respondents were farmers and 60 % had primary level of education. Average household farm size was 2.305 acres and family size was six members on average. We recorded a monthly marginal household increase in gross income from Kshs. 6891.96 9 (US$68.92) before PES to Kshs. 11,011.48 (US$110.12) with PES interventions. The estimated annual lowest and highest WTA for PES farm practices were at Kshs. 8835 (US$88.35) for grass strip and Kshs. 21,847.500 (US$218.48) for fallowing. Household socio-economic characteristics had significant influence on WTA among farmers. The study revealed heterogeneity in WTA estimates among PES implementing farmers. The WTA reflects opportunity cost to farmers. We recommend PES mechanism as a policy tool to internalize negative watershed externalities to provide ecosystem services.
Winter memory throughout the plant kingdom: different paths to flowering

![][1] ![][1] Plants have evolved a variety of mechanisms to synchronize flowering with their environment to optimize reproductive success. Many species flower in spring when the photoperiod increases and the ambient temperatures become warmer. Winter annuals and biennials have
Staphylococcus aureus Growth and Toxin Production in Nitrogen-Packed Sandwiches

Plastic-enclosed sausage, hamburger and turkey sandwiches were inoculated with enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus to evaluate the potential hazard of staphylococcal food poisoning in sealed foods maintained in an N2 environment. The effect of such food storage on staphylococcal growth and enterotoxin production was determined under varying conditions of time (1-31 days) and temperature (8, 12, and 26 C). At 8 and 12 C, none of the sandwiches became toxic after 31 days of storage; however, at 26 C, sausage and hamburger sandwiches became toxic at days 2 and 4, respectively, while remaining organoleptically acceptable. Turkey sandwiches did not support sufficient growth of staphylococci to allow the production of detectable amounts of enterotoxin at any of the temperatures tested.
Quantitative Infrared Absorption Spectra and Vibrational Assignments of Crotonaldehyde and Methyl Vinyl Ketone Using Gas-Phase Mid-Infrared, Far-Infrared, and Liquid Raman Spectra: s-cis vs s-trans Composition Confirmed via Temperature Studies and ab Initio Methods

Methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and crotonaldehyde are chemical isomers; both are also important species in tropospheric chemistry. We report quantitative vapor-phase infrared spectra of crotonaldehyde and MVK vapors over the 540–6500 cm–1 range. Vibrational assignments of all fundamental modes are made for both molecules on the basis of far- and mid-infrared vapor-phase spectra, liquid Raman spectra, along with density functional theory and ab initio MP2 and high energy-accuracy compound theoretical models (W1BD). Theoretical results indicate that at room temperature the crotonaldehyde equilibrium mixture is approximately 97% s-trans and only 3% s-cis conformer. Nearly all observed bands are thus associated with the s-trans conformer, but a few appear to be uniquely associated with the s-cis conformer, notably ν16c at 730.90 cm–1, which displays a substantial intensity increase with temperature (70% upon going from 5 to 50 o C). The intensity of the corresponding mode of the s-trans conformer decreases with te...
A Review of Medical Response to Disaster Casualties

This chapter summarizes a review of medical response to disaster casualties. The goals are the following: (1) to develop a hypothetical model for investigating the health and medical aspects of disaster preparedness; (2) to determine investigational areas most critical to the health and medical aspects of international disaster care planning; (3) to identify available medical data on specific injuries and illnesses associated with particular types of disasters; (4) to begin collection and analysis of specific disaster plans for the United States and NATO countries.
Melanocytic Proliferations of the Eye

Similar to the skin, there is a spectrum of benign congenital and acquired melanotic and melanocytic lesions of the conjunctiva. This includes congenital and acquired melanosis, melanocytic nevi, and melanomas.
Abstract 246: Transdifferentiation of Human Fibroblasts to Endothelial Cells: Role of Innate Immunity

Cell fate is fluid, and may be altered experimentally by the forced expression of master regulators mediating cell lineage. Such nuclear reprogramming has been achieved using viral vectors encoding...
Guest Comment: Does Sex Therapy Affect the Evolutionary Process?

(1978). Guest Comment: Does Sex Therapy Affect the Evolutionary Process? Journal of Sex Education and Therapy: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 13-14.
Bounded Rationality in Multiagent Systems Using Decentralized Metareasoning

Metareasoning has been used as a means for achieving bounded rationality by optimizing the tradeoff between the cost and value of the decision making process. Effective monitoring techniques have been developed to allow agents to stop their computation at the “right” time so as to optimize the overall time-dependent utility of the decision. However, these methods were designed for a single decision maker. In this chapter, we analyze the problems that arise when several agents solve components of a larger problem, each using an anytime algorithm. Metareasoning is more challenging in this case because each agent is uncertain about the progress made so far by the others. We develop a formal framework for decentralized monitoring of decision making, establish the complexity of several interesting variants of the problem, and propose solution techniques for each case.
Distinguishing papillary endothelial hyperplasia and angiosarcoma on core needle biopsy of the breast: The importance of clinical and radiologic correlation

Papillary endothelial hyperplasia (PEH) is a rare non-neoplastic exuberant organizing hematoma that can closely mimic angiosarcoma due to a resemblance to malignant anastomosing blood vessels. It could be particularly difficult to distinguish PEH from angiosarcoma in breast core needle biopsies. We identified all cases of these lesions diagnosed on core needle biopsy in order to identify clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features that could prove helpful to arrive at the correct diagnosis. Four cases of PEH and 4 cases of angiosarcoma were identified. The mean age at diagnosis was 62 for PEH and 33 for primary angiosarcoma. All cases of PEH formed small masses with circumscribed or lobulated margins by imaging (mean size 0.9 cm). In 3 cases, the masses were difficult or impossible to identify after the biopsy. Angiosarcomas presented as larger masses with ill-defined margins (mean size 2.8 cm) that were unchanged in size after biopsy. PEH was surrounded by adipose tissue, whereas angiosarcoma invaded into fibrous stroma and involved lobules. The pseudopapillary structures of PEH were composed mainly of collagen, and thus, additional histologic stains for fibrin were not helpful for diagnosis. The 4 patients with PEH received no further treatment and are alive and disease-free at 2-11 years of follow-up. In contrast, the patients with angiosarcoma underwent mastectomy and chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Two of the patients with angiosarcoma died 3 years after diagnosis and the other 2 patients are alive without disease at 5 and 6 years. Therefore, distinguishing PEH and angiosarcoma is essential for appropriate management. This is the first series to compare these lesions on core needle biopsy and the first to note important clinical, imaging, and histologic differences that aid in making a diagnosis of PEH with confidence on breast core needle biopsy.
Superconductors: Time-reversal symmetry breaking? (reply)

Kaminski et al. reply- There are two components of the circular dichroism (CD) signal in angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) measurements. One is always present in crystals, regardless of any time-reversal symmetry considerations. This component, which we refer to as ‘geometric’, is antisymmetric about any symmetry plane of the crystal, and is therefore zero at that plane. But in underdoped samples of the high-temperature superconductor Bi2212, we find another component, which is non-zero at the symmetry plane below the pseudogap temperature. We attribute that component to time-reversal symmetry breaking. The objections of Borisenko . 1 comprise three main points: the circular dichroism that we observe at the mirror plane2 is due to the superstructure of the Bi–O layer; our momentum accuracy is not as we stated; and the absence of dichroism in overdoped samples is due to a weaker influence of the superstructure because of an increased Fermi surface volume compared with underdoped samples.
γ-Linolenic Acid (GLA)-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Human Prostate Cancer Cells

The role of dietary fats, particularly the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) derived from dietary consumption of linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) in prostate cancer has been viewed primarily in terms of their positive association.1 Such a view is oversimplistic. Thus, while studies have demonstrated that supplementation of human prostate cancer cells (HPCCs) in vitro or in vivo with either LA or arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6) results in stimulation of PCC growth,2,3 not all n-6 PUFAs have a stimulatory effect on PCC growth. Indeed, γ-linolenic acid (GLA; 18:3n-6) has been shown to reduce the growth of human DU-145 PCCs implanted in nude mice.4 Although the mechanism for this GLA-mediated effect is only partially understood, free radical generation and excessive lipid peroxidation subsequent to GLA supplementation is thought to play a major role.5
Commentary: Data Compression Methods in Astrophysics

A common problem in astrophysics is how to efficiently estimate key parameters for objects when given a very large data set. In his paper, Jimenez describes an approach to data compression that can massively accelerate likelihood computations without losing information about the parameters of interest. The method is known as MOPED (Heavens et al. Mon Not R Astron Soc 317(4):965–972, 2000) and has previously been used for the estimation of star formation history from galaxy spectra (Panter et al. Mon Not R Astron Soc 343(4):1145–1154, 2003; Panter et al. Mon Not R Astron Soc 378(4):1550–1564, 2007), and identification of planetary transits from light curves (Protopapas et al. Mon Not R Astron Soc 362(2):460–468, 2005). Here we discuss the set-up and some of the assumptions of the MOPED approach. We then describe a few alternative or complementary methods of compression and parameter estimation when these assumptions are violated, and discuss their pros and cons.
Episodes in the Development of the Hubble Galaxy Classification

In March, David Block telephoned from Johannesburg with an interesting invita-tion to comment on the provenance of Hubble’s famous tuning fork galaxy classification diagram. Over the years he had often noticed that the diagram is not in Hubble’s definitive 1926 classification paper (Astrophysical Journal, 64, 321), and that it had only appeared in his semi-popular book “Realm of the Nebulae”, but with no antecedents mentioned. And then he made the central observation that a skeleton diagram, albeit turned 90 degrees, had first appeared in the 1929 edition of James Jeans’ “Astronomy and Cosmogony”. Could I comment? In Coda I, the question is addressed: Is there a duality of the classification depending on wavelength? No one can argue that there is no difference. The point is that the wavelength dependence of the morphology that is surely present at some level, is either dominantly serious for some problems but not for others. There also is a comment on the current thrust for new classifications by adding ever increasing detail. In Coda II, an insistance is made that there must be a strict separation between the pure morphologist and the theoretician. “Imagination” or “genius” or “intuition” provides the elusive opening with which to break the hermeneutical circle. Sherlock Holmes said it right in many places. “It is a capital mistake to theorize before you have all the evidence. It biases the judgement.” The discovery of a classification system, seeming so simple at the beginning is, in fact, extraordinarily complicated.
Parsing: Statistical Methods

Statistical parsers disambiguate among a set of syntactically allowed parses of a sentence, using statistical methods. A parser can be described by a grammatical representation, a statistical model for that representation, and a mechanism for efficiently searching for high-scoring parses.
The Politicization of Prosecutors: A Tribute to the Work of Bennett Gershman

Prosecutors are becoming increasingly more political. This article explores the problems with the politicization of prosecutors by focusing on three examples of their increased politicization: (1) the U.S. firing scandal of 2007, (2) the recent firing of Acting Attorney General Sally Yates, and (3) the increased use of social media by prosecutors to share their political leanings and views regarding particular cases. This article suggests steps we can and should take to keep prosecutors in their role as independent, objective ministers of justice.
Single- and dual-site ventricular pacing entirely through the coronary sinus for patients with prior tricuspid valve surgery

Transvenous right ventricular pacing has traditionally been avoided after surgical tricuspid valve repair or replacement because of possible valvular dysfunction. Epicardial pacing has been used but it requires surgical thoracotomy and has higher lead failure rates when compared to transvenous pacing. We evaluated the lead stability and clinical outcomes in patients with isolated coronary sinus (CS) lead due to relative contraindication to transvenous pacing from prior tricuspid valve (TV) surgery. We retrospectively examined a single-center cohort of 34 patients with TV disease and/or surgery who underwent permanent pacemaker implantation with a left ventricular CS lead as the only ventricular pacing lead (to avoid crossing the TV). The clinical outcome, echocardiographic data, and pacing thresholds were evaluated at follow-up. We implanted 19 patients with a single-CS lead and 15 patients with dual-CS leads. The average left ventricular ejection fraction was 56 ± 13% prior to lead implantation and remained stable at 2-year follow-up. The tricuspid regurgitation remained mild at follow-up. The average lead pacing threshold was 1.2 ± 0.6 V × ms at implant and 1.1 ± 0.4 V × ms at 2-year follow-up (P = 0.39). For patients with dual-CS leads, the pacing threshold was 1.2 ± 0.7 V × ms at implant and 1.1 ± 0.5 V × ms at 2-year follow-up (P = 0.52). The use of ventricular pacing entirely through the CS is an effective and minimally invasive method that provides stable pacing for patients with prior TV surgery in whom transvenous lead placement either is not possible or is relatively contraindicated.
Notes on notes on notes

More often than not, notes are conceptualized as a technology for helping students stay focused on and attentive to subject matter deemed educationally valuable. This article concerns itself, howev...
Reassurance seeking and spoiled answers on academic tests

Background: The current study examined whether test-related reassurance seeking is associated with lower scores on a high stakes, standardized test (i.e., the ACT) after controlling for academic pe...
Psychological Distress Among HIV Healthcare Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Mediating Roles of Institutional Support and Resilience.

Psychological distress among healthcare providers is concerning during COVID-19 pandemic due to extreme stress at healthcare facilities, including HIV clinics in China. The socioecological model suggests that psychological distress could be influenced by multi-level factors. However, limited COVID-19 research examined the mechanisms of psychological distress among HIV healthcare providers. This study examined organizational and intrapersonal factors contributing to psychological health during COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected via online anonymous surveys from 1029 HIV healthcare providers in Guangxi, China during April–May 2020. Path analysis was utilized to test a mediation model among COVID-19 stressors, institutional support, resilience, and psychological distress (PHQ-4). Thirty-eight percent of the providers experienced psychological distress (PHQ-4 score > 3). Institutional support and resilience mediated the relationship between COVID-19 stressors and psychological distress. Psychological distress was common among Chinese HIV healthcare providers during COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological health intervention should attend to institutional support and resilience.
Modeling Efficiency Loss in Sb2Se3 Solar Cells

SCAPS simulation is conducted to model effect of defects on performance of Sb2Se3 solar cells. Doping concentration slightly impacts short current density and fill factor, however it strongly increases Voc. Donor type traps in Sb 2 Se 3 significantly reduce Voc and fill factor and fill factor reduction is more obvious than Voc reduction. Acceptor traps in Sb 2 Se 3 slightly influence Voc, but fill factor and photocurrent can be obviously affected. It is acceptor type interface traps that affect photovoltaics parameters. Predicated CdS-Sb 2 Se 3 solar cell has efficiency of 25.7%. Predicted Sb 2 Se 3 solar cells with decreasing lattice mismatch and band offset demonstrate efficiency of 30.3%.
PETRA: Persistent Transactional Non-blocking Linked Data Structures

Emerging byte-addressable Non-Volatile Memories (NVMs) enable persistent memory where process state can be recovered after crashes. To enable applications to rely on persistent data, durable data structures with failure-atomic operations have been proposed. However, they lack the ability to allow users to execute a sequence of operations as transactions. Meanwhile, persistent transactional memory (PTM) has been proposed by adding durability to Software Transactional Memory (STM). However, PTM suffers from high performance overheads and low scalability due to false aborts, logging, and ordering constraints on persistence. In this article, we propose PETRA, a new approach for constructing persistent transactional linked data structures. PETRA natively supports transactions, but unlike PTM, relies on the high-level information from the data structure semantics. This gives PETRA unique advantages in the form of high performance and high scalability. Our experimental results using various benchmarks demonstrate the scalability of PETRA in all workloads and transaction sizes. PETRA outperforms the state-of-the-art PTMs by an order of magnitude in transactions of size greater than one, and demonstrates superior performance in transactions of size one.
Communicating Clinical Findings

This chapter explores the commonly encountered scenarios where communication may falter and fracture or disintegrate care continuity, methods to improve communication skills, and how to acquire the necessary skills to resolve ambiguities. The argument I like to make is that our clinical neurologic examination may become meaningless without personal face-to-face communication. It often involves physician-to-neurointensivist interactions, but the principles outlined here must apply to any healthcare provider. The very ill patients in the neurosciences intensive care unit are at greater risk for communication errors, due to their higher acuity and consequent higher complexity.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of the AIDS Education and Training Center (AETC) National Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Curriculum.

Background People with human immunodeficiency virus (PWHIV) who have hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection are at a higher risk of progression of liver disease than the general population. Direct acting antivirals provide a therapeutic option for HCV cure, however access to HCV specific care for PWHIV can be challenging. A paucity of specialist providers is a barrier to this care. Objectives This study aims to assess knowledge gained about HIV/HCV coinfection among health care providers. Methods AIDS Education Training Centers (AETC) have developed a modular national HIV/HCV coinfection curriculum consisting of a free selfdirected online curriculum to educate health care providers, including nonspecialist providers, involved in the care of PWHIV on HCV care and management. The effectiveness of this curriculum was evaluated with pre and post module assessment completion by learners compared with a paired t-test. Results 716 people received links to the curriculum and 277 modules were completed by 221 unique individuals. 86% completed one module, 9% complete 2 modules, and the remaining 5% completed between 3 and all 6 modules. There were statistically significant increases in knowledge in the epidemiology module.
Discussion by T. Subba Rao

In the three papers by Drs. Buccheri, Hertz and Norris, and Krolik, the basic problem considered is the detection of periodicities in signals when the signals come in various forms. These signals can be arrival times of radio pulsars (point processes), x-ray binaries, or high-energy gamma-rays. The problem of detection of periodicities is a classical problem considered in time series literature. Schuster introduced the “periodogram” in 1898 for detection of periodicities. Several decades later, Fisher (1929), in a classical paper [see also Whittle (1954), Grenander and Rosenblatt (1957)] derived an exact test for testing the significance of the largest peak, second largest, etc. These tests were under the assumption that we observe the signal against the background of a Gaussian white noise. This methodology has been extended by Hannan (1961) and Priestley (1962) to cover the situation where the noise is a colored (Gaussian) series. Throughout these developments, the assumption has been that the data are a discrete parameter, equally spaced, time series. We briefly describe these tests; see Priestley (1981) for details.
Bonding Optimization on Composite Surfaces using Atmospheric Plasma Treatment

The effect of atmospheric plasma treatment (APT) on the bonding performance of a cyanate ester and an epoxy carbon fiber reinforced composite fabricated with a polyester peel ply was evaluated. A room temperature (RT) cured epoxy, an elevated temperature cured epoxy, and a cyanate ester resin, were used as the bonding adhesives. Only small increases in the carboxyl species concentration were observed for both composite systems as a function of increasing plasma treatment. Lap shear (LS) tests of the bonded composites showed that the APT resulted in a 30% strength improvement for the RT cured epoxy bonded specimens while the cyanate ester composite exhibited negligible increases due to the formation of a highly oxidized, weakly bonded ash. Contact angle measurements indicated that the temperature exposure associated with the curing of the elevated temperature adhesives also reduced the efficacy of APT. Modifications of the bonding surface of these composites by the incorporation of a plasma responsive (PR)...
Remote Sensing and Microwave Radiometry

In this introductory section we will consider blackbody microwaves, microwave radiative transfer, and surface emissivity and reflectivity.
Predictors of nursing facility admission: a 12-year epidemiological study in the United States.

Objectives: To identify predictors of institutionalization in a community-based cohort of older adults. Design: Prospective, longitudinal. After initial assessment at study entry, surviving participants were reassessed in a series of approximately biennial waves until October 2001; baseline for the current analysis was Wave 2 (1989–91). Setting: Largely rural, blue-collar community in the mid-Monongahela Valley of southwestern Pennsylvania. Participants: A population-based cohort of 1,147 adults, aged 66 and older (mean 74.1) at baseline, who were not already institutionalized and who had complete data on all variables of interest. Measurements: Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify predictors of institutionalization from among selected variables measured at baseline, including age, sex, education, marital status, living arrangements, ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), depressive symptoms, number of prescription medications (as an index of overall morbidity), self-reported social support, hospitalization during the preceding year, and cognitive functioning. Dementia was defined according to the operational criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised, and by a Clinical Dementia Rating of 0.5 or greater, based on a standardized clinical assessment. The outcome variable was institutionalization, defined as entry into in a nursing home. Results: Significant predictors of institutionalization were dementia (hazard ratio (HR)=5.09, 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.92–8.84), measured as a time-dependent variable; older age (HR=1.06, 95% CI=1.03–1.10); IADL disability (HR=1.31, 95% CI=1.15–1.50); worse/less social support (HR=1.27, 95% CI=1.10–1.46); and number of prescription medications (HR=1.21, 95% CI=1.11–1.32), measured at baseline. The interaction between number of prescription drugs and dementia was also significant, suggesting that prescription medication count had less effect on institutionalization in those with dementia than in those without. Conclusion: Dementia emerged as the most potent risk factor for institutionalization in this 12-year community-based epidemiological study. Medical burden conferred greater vulnerability to institutionalization in nondemented persons than in those with dementia.
Implementation Challenges Associated with Developing a Web-based E-notebook - Addendum on Related Work

The addendum provides a brief history of the NetNotes development, and discusses relevant research not included in the original paper, responding to comments from a JoDI editor that the paper may have missed some related work in the hypermedia systems field.
Theoretical performance of non-invasive prenatal testing for chromosome imbalances using counting of cell-free DNA fragments in maternal plasma.

Objective The aim of this study was to calculate the theoretical performance of non-invasive prenatal testing based on counting methods. Methods The calculations were based on Gaussian distributions of the percent cell-free DNA from selected chromosome regions in affected and normal pregnancies. The means were derived from the relative genomic size of the chromosome region and the fetal fraction. The standard deviations were derived from the bivariate distributions of proportional counts. Depth of sequencing was varied from 50 000 000 to 100 000 and fetal fraction from 20% to 3%. Detection rate was estimated for a fixed 0.13% false-positive rate. Results When either depth or fetal fraction is high, expected Down syndrome screening detection rates are high. However, when fetal fraction is low, deeper sequencing is required to obtain high detection rates. For microdeletion and microduplication screening, deeper sequencing is routinely required to consistently achieve high detection rates. There are small differences in the ability to detect a microdeletion compared with a duplication of the same size. Conclusion While the theoretical calculations do not necessarily reflect the performance of currently available non-invasive prenatal testing tests, it confirms that fetal fraction is a key factor. Efficacy can be substantially altered depending on the abnormality under investigation and the depth of sequencing. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between urine and plasma estrogen ratios.

Normal young and postmenopausal women were placed into groups according to the ratio of the estrogens in their urine. Women whose ratio was >1.3 if young and >3.2 if postmenopausal were compared to women whose ratio was <0.7 and <2.1 for young and postmenopausal, respectively. Between the respective high- and low-ratio groups, there were no significant differences for circulating levels of estriol, metabolic clearance rates of estriol, or blood production rates of estriol, estrone, or estradiol. Women who had had breast cancer were compared to a group of normal controls and were also found to have similar blood production rates for estriol, estrone, and estradiol. The ratios of the blood production rates of estriol to estrone and estradiol were similar for the high and low groups for young and postmenopausal women and also between the breast cancer women and their controls. It appears, therefore, that the difference in urinary estrogen ratios is primarily due to different pathways of metabolism of the free circulating estrogens and not to differences in the production rates of the estrogens. Estriol is produced at only 10% the rate of estrone and estradiol.
Rural-Urban Differences in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Diagnostic Prevalence in Kentucky and West Virginia.

Purpose Older adults living in rural areas may face barriers to obtaining a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD). We sought to examine rural-urban differences in prevalence of ADRD among Medicare beneficiaries in Kentucky and West Virginia, 2 contiguous, geographically similar states with large rural areas and aged populations. Methods We used Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Public Use Files data from 2007 to 2013 to assess prevalence of ADRD at the county level among all Medicare beneficiaries in each state. Rural-Urban Continuum Codes were used to classify counties as rural or urban. We used Poisson regression to estimate unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios. Primary analyses focused on 2013 data and were repeated for 2007 to 2012. This study was completely ecologic. Findings After adjusting for state, average beneficiary age, percent of female beneficiaries, percent of beneficiaries eligible for Medicaid in each county, Central Appalachian county, percent of age-eligible residents enrolled in Medicare, and percent of residents under age 65 enrolled in Medicare in our adjusted models, we found that 2013 ADRD diagnostic prevalence was 11% lower in rural counties (95% CI: 9%-13%). Conclusions Medicare beneficiaries in rural counties in Kentucky and West Virginia may be underdiagnosed with respect to ADRD. However, due to the ecologic design, and evidence of a younger, more heavily male beneficiary population in some rural areas, further studies using individual-level data are needed to confirm the results.
Results from new GPS and gravity monitoring networks at Fernandina and Sierra Negra Volcanoes, Galapagos, 2000-2002

GPS and gravity networks were established on Sierra Negra and Fernandina volcanoes in 2000 and remeasured in 2001 and 2002. After a decade in which the caldera inflated by over 2.5 m, Sierra Negra's caldera began to subside between 2000 and 2002, at a rate of about 9 cm/a. Neither inflation nor deflation was accompanied by eruption. Simple elastic modeling indicates that the deformation at Sierra Negra can be attributed to volumetric contraction of a 2.1 km-deep sill beneath the caldera, caused by either movement of magma out of the sill or loss of bubbles through degassing. Precise gravity measurements support but do not prove the former mechanism. Fernandina volcano is in a phase of slow refilling of the summit reservoir after the 1995 eruption, causing lateral expansion of the caldera rim by about 3 cm/a. Our estimate for the depth of the shallowest part of the Fernandina magma chamber is 1 to 2 km. Neither volcano shows evidence of flank spreading.