cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do designated market makers improve liquidity in open-outcry futures markets?

On February 1, 2002, the Chicago Board of Trade appointed a designated market maker to enhance liquidity in its 10-year interest rate swap futures contract. This market-making program is the first of its kind in the open-outcry futures industry. We find that introduction of the market maker has increased volume and reduced transaction costs. The market maker has also enhanced the speed and the efficiency of price discovery. Overall, the results suggest that the market-making program is successful in improving liquidity. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:479–502, 2004
Matings and the other side of the dictionary

In the theory of rational maps an important role is played by matings. These are probably the best understood of all rational functions, but they are bizarre, and involve gluing dendrites together to get spheres carrying Peano curves. In the theory of Kleinian groups, there is a parallel construction, the construction of double limits, that is central to Thurston’s hyperbolization theorem for 3-manifolds that fiber over the circle with pseudo-Anosov monodromy. It also involves gluing dendrites and Peano curves. Clearly these two constructions form one entry of the Sullivan dictionary. This article attempts to spell out the similarities and differences.
Effect of Phosphate Inhibitors on the Formation of Lead Phosphate/Carbonate Nanorods, Microrods, and Dendritic Structures

There are several factors which influence the corrosion rate of lead, which in turn morphs into different crystal shapes and sizes. Some of the important factors are alkalinity, pH, calcium, orthophosphate, and silica. Low to moderate alkalinity decreases corrosion rates, while higher alkalinities have a tendency to increase the corrosion rates of lead. This work describes the effect of orthophosphate inhibitor and pH on the formation of different structures of lead phosphate/carbonate nanorods, nanobelts, microrods, and dendritic structures. The experiments were carried out at different pHs both with and without orthophosphate inhibitor under laboratory conditions, which were intended to represent actual drinking water distribution system (DWDS) conditions. The surface morphology and crystal structure of the different crystals were obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and selected area diffraction pattern (SAED)...
Development of multiphoton photoacoustic spectroscopy for noninvasive tissue diagnostics

ABSTRACT In this paper we describe the development of a novel non-invasive multispectral imaging technique, multiphoton photoacoustic spectroscopy (MPPAS). In this technique, a tunable high-power laser is used to perform multiphoton excitation events, which are then detected as an acoustic (i.e. ultrasonic) signal, using a commercial ultrasonic piezoelectric (PZT) transducer. The signal from the PZT is then corrected for laser power fluctuations, resulting in normalized MPPAS signal intensity. Because MPPAS relies on non-radiative relaxation of the absorbing species, unlike single or multiphoton fluorescence spectroscopies, it is capable of monitoring non-fluorescent species. In addition, since the majority of the energy imparted to most molecules upon the absorption of light is released through non-radiative pathways, sensitive measurements of even fluorescent molecules, can be performed. A test solution of aqueous rhodamine 6G was used to obtain the MPPAS spectrum. It matches well with that of the steady state absorbance of the same solution. In addition, concentration dependent studies of rhodamine 6G have shown that the technique is even sensitive to nanomolar concentrations and below. KEYWORDS:
Identification of an electron acceptor in reaction centers of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides by EPR spectroscopy

Abstract Photochemically active reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides R-26 were prepared in which the electron donor is P(865) and the electron acceptor is ubiquinone. The latter was identified by comparing the EPR characteristics of the light-induced signal with those obtained from a ubiquinone radical.
The mouse p52 subunit of the transcription/DNA repair factor TFIIH is located in the class III region of the H2 complex: cloning and sequence polymorphism

Loci controlling susceptibility to a number of diseases, including cortisone-induced cleft palate, experimental allergic orchitis, and chemically-induced transplacental lung tumors have been mapped to a 27 kilobase (kb) region within the class III region of the mouse major histocompatibility complex (H2). This region, contains three genes G7e, which resembles a viral envelope gene, Bat6 (G7a), which encodes a valyl-tRNA synthetase, and G7c, which has no known function. We cloned a set of overlapping cosmid clones containing 115 kb of DNA surrounding Bat6. Exon trapping has identified a new gene located telomeric of Bat6. Northern blot analysis detected a transcript of 1.7 kb with highest expression in the testis. DNA sequence analysis identified this gene as the mouse homologue of the human gene encoding the p52 subunit of the TFIIH transcription /DNA repair factor. Nucleotide sequence identity was 91% between mouse and human, and the protein sequence was 98% identical. Sequence analysis of p52 cDNA from congenic mouse strains detected an amino acid polymorphism at position 209, which results in the substitution of a threonine in the H2 b haplotype to a methionine in the H2 a,d haplotypes.
Feedback inhibition of homoserine kinase from radish leaves

Abstract Homoserine kinase is a potential control point in the biosynthetic pathway for threonine, isoleucine and methionine. The radish leaf enzyme was tested
Preparing the professoriate to prepare globally competent leaders

Rapidly increasing globalization, the expanding use of technology, and intercultural competency have been discussed in the leadership literature for more than three decades. Simultaneously, the urgency to academically prepare globally competent organizational leaders has acclerated exponentially. Recommendations for global leadership competencies have been developed and undoubtedly have provided useful guidance in academic program and curricula development. In contrast, the preparedness of the leadership professoriate to prepare globally competent leaders has received little attention through research or discourse. The ongoing professional development of the leadership professoriate in terms of a global mindset and intercultural competencies are questioned and discussed. Recommendations are made for institutional and programmatic initiatives to increase the global learning and capital of faculty. Questions and recommendations are offered for personal and collective reflection and critical discourse on the need to expand and develop the international currency of faculty so that we can ensure the professoriate is prepared to educate students to be global leaders.
Review and evaluation of methods correcting for population stratification with a focus on underlying statistical principles.

When two or more populations have been separated by geographic or cultural boundaries for many generations, drift, spontaneous mutations, differential selection pressures and other factors may lead to allele frequency differences among populations. If these ‘parental’ populations subsequently come together and begin inter-mating, disequilibrium among linked markers may span a greater genetic distance than it typically does among populations under panmixia [see glossary]. This extended disequilibrium can make association studies highly effective and more economical than disequilibrium mapping in panmictic populations since less marker loci are needed to detect regions of the genome that harbor phenotype-influencing loci. However, under some circumstances, this process of intermating (as well as other processes) can produce disequilibrium between pairs of unlinked loci and thus create the possibility of confounding or spurious associations due to this population stratification. Accordingly, researchers are advised to employ valid statistical tests for linkage disequilibrium mapping allowing conduct of genetic association studies that control for such confounding. Many recent papers have addressed this need. We provide a comprehensive review of advances made in recent years in correcting for population stratification and then evaluate and synthesize these methods based on statistical principles such as (1) randomization, (2) conditioning on sufficient statistics, and (3) identifying whether the method is based on testing the genotype-phenotype covariance (conditional upon familial information) and/or testing departures of the marginal distribution from the expected genotypic frequencies.
Two-component interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) from polyurethanes and epoxies. II: Effect of different charge groups in polyurethanes and epoxies on properties and morphologies of two-component IPNs

Two-component interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) that contained charge groups in the backbones of the polyurethane and epoxy networks were studied. IPNs that contained opposite charge groups, similar charge groups, no charge groups, and corresponding pseudo-IPNs were prepared. A comparison of mechanical properties, water-resistance data, mechanical spectra, and electron microscopy showed that improved properties and morphologies resulted in IPNs that contained opposite charge groups. Presumably, interactions between the opposite charge groups in the constituent networks resulted in a forced compatibility between the two polymers which decreased the degree of phase separation.
Impact of Throughput Optimization on Intensive Care Unit Occupancy

Intensive care unit (ICU) resources are scarce, yet demand is increasing at a rapid rate. Optimizing throughput efficiency while balancing patient safety and quality of care is of utmost importance during times of high ICU utilization. Continuous improvement methodology was used to develop a multidisciplinary workflow to improve throughput in the ICU while maintaining a high quality of care and minimizing adverse outcomes. The research team was able to decrease ICU occupancy and therefore ICU length of stay by implementing this process without increasing mortality or readmissions to the ICU. By improving throughput efficiency, more patients were able to be provided with care in the ICU.
Defining urine output criterion for acute kidney injury in critically ill patients

Background. The widespread use of RIFLE and AKIN classification systems for acute kidney injury (AKI) diagnosis and staging has established the association between AKI severity and adverse outcomes. However, as a result of the difficulties in measuring and recording the urine output every hour, a few prospective studies have validated the urine output criterion as stated in these classification systems. We assessed hourly urine output in ICU patients using an automated and accurate device to determine if changes in urine flow and volume could be a sensitive marker of AKI. Additionally, we assessed various definitions of oliguria to determine whether measurement of urine output using a fixed 6-h interval that matches nurses’ shifts would be equivalent to the current standard for AKI diagnosis and staging. Methods. Hourly urine output was recorded continuously using a digital monitor in a medical ICU. Serum creatinine measurements were done at least once per 24 h. We assessed changes in urine output by four different definitions of oliguria. Patients with no AKI by either criterion were compared with patients diagnosed exclusively by the urine output criterion, exclusively by serum creatinine criterion and by both criteria. Results. Fifty-five percent of patients had an episode of oliguria during the ICU stay. There was no significant difference assessing urine output every hour or the total urine volume in a 6-h period for the detection of episodes of oliguria. Twenty-one patients (28%) were diagnosed as AKI using the serum creatinine criterion, whereas additional 24 (32%) were identified by the urine output criterion. Conclusions. Episodes of oliguria occur frequently in ICU patients and identify a higher percentage of AKI patients compared to serum creatinine criterion. Alterations in urine flow may be a sensitive marker of renal dysfunction and need to be validated in larger cohorts.
Nap‐dependent learning in infants

Sleep has been shown to aid a variety of learning and memory processes in adults (Stickgold, 2005). Recently, we showed that infants’ learning also benefits from subsequent sleep such that infants who nap are able to abstract the general grammatical pattern of a briefly presented artificial language (Gomez, Bootzin & Nadel, 2006). In the present study, we demonstrate, for the first time, long-term effects of sleep on memory for an artificial language. Fifteen-month-old infants who had napped within 4 hours of language exposure remembered the general grammatical pattern of the language 24 hours later. In contrast, infants who had not napped shortly after being familiarized with the language showed no evidence of remembering anything about the language. Our findings support the view that infants’ frequent napping plays an essential role in establishing long-term memory.
Rooted in Poverty?: Terrorism, Poor Economic Development, and Social Cleavages 1

ABSTRACT This study evaluates the popular hypothesis that poverty, inequality, and poor economic development are root causes of terrorism. Employing a series of multiple regression analyses on terrorist incidents and casualties in ninety-six countries from 1986 to 2002, the study considers the significance of poverty, malnutrition, inequality, unemployment, inflation, and poor economic growth as predictors of terrorism, along with a variety of political and demographic control variables. The findings are that, contrary to popular opinion, no significant relationship between any of the measures of economic development and terrorism can be determined. Rather, variables such as population, ethno-religious diversity, increased state repression and, most significantly, the structure of party politics are found to be significant predictors of terrorism. The article concludes that “social cleavage theory” is better equipped to explain terrorism than are theories that link terrorism to poor economic development.
Aproximate pairing properties of SCF solutions in highly symmetric heteroatomic systems

Approximate pairing properties are proved for the Hartree-Fock solutions for highly symmetric heteroatomic molecules. These molecules have an alternant topology and are built from two kinds of atoms in such a way that by an operation the atoms of one kind go over into the atoms of the second kind and vice versa.
Recent developments in the pharmacological treatment of Crohn's disease.

Therapy for Crohn’s disease (CD) is rapidly evolving with the emergence of new discoveries in disease pathogenesis. Since the approval of the first biological agent, infliximab, there have been several others that have been studied and are available for use within the context of clinical trials, in CD patients who do not respond to conventional medications or whose disease cannot be maintained in remission with the use of infliximab. The number of available drugs that have focused on the inhibition of TNF is growing. To avoid the injectable route of administering biologicals, several oral agents, such as thalidomide analogues, nonabsorbable antibiotics, such as rifaximin, and specific antibiotics, such as ornidazole, are being studied and considered for patients with CD. Hormonal therapies, such as growth hormone, coherin, medroxyprogesterone acetate and dehydroepiandrosterone, are other novel therapies for CD. Immunomodulators in use in other fields of medicine, including tacrolimus, 6-thioguanine and le...
Effects of fire exclusion on forest structure and composition in unlogged ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forests

Research to date on effects of fire exclusion in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests has been limited by narrow geographical focus, by confounding effects due to prior logging at research sites, and by uncertainty from using reconstructions of past conditions to infer changes. For the work presented here, reference stands in unlogged ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests at seven sites across a broad region of Idaho and Montana were selected for study. Within each site, understory and overstory community structure and composition were surveyed in 2‐4 stands exposed to different numbers of fires during the 20th century. Student’s t-tests were used to test differences between the most fireexcluded (‘‘unburned’’) and the most frequently burned (‘‘burned’’) stands across the entire study. Multivariate analyses were used to characterize successional changes resulting from lack of fire. Understory community composition varied from site to site and was not related to fire exposure. However, species richness was higher in unburned stands. Overall tree densities and densities of shade-tolerant tree species increased with the absence of fire. There was a marginally significant association between xeric understories and ponderosa pine dominated overstories and mesic understories and Douglas-fir or grand fir dominated overstories. Our multivariate analysis suggests that while general trajectories of succession with absence of fire may be predictable, the structure and composition of ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir communities across complex landscapes may be difficult to relate to specific exposure to fire or time-since-fire. This study highlights the importance of natural variability and heterogeneity in ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forests of the inland Northwest, and supports other recent research calling for cautious approaches to restoration in these forests. # 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Relations Between Neighborhood Factors, Parenting Behaviors, Peer Deviance, and Delinquency Among Serious Juvenile Offenders

The present study examined relations among neighborhood structural and social characteristics, parenting practices, peer group affiliations, and delinquency among a group of serious adolescent offenders. The sample of 14-18-year-old boys (N=488) was composed primarily of economically disadvantaged, ethnic-minority youth living in urban communities. The results indicate that weak neighborhood social organization is indirectly related to delinquency through its associations with parenting behavior and peer deviance and that a focus on just 1 of these microsystems can lead to oversimplified models of risk for juvenile offending. The authors also find that community social ties may confer both pro- and antisocial influences to youth, and they advocate for a broad conceptualization of neighborhood social processes as these relate to developmental risk for youth living in disadvantaged communities.
Chapter 9 Anatomy and physiology of the lower and upper airway

Etude anatomique et physiologique des voies respiratoires dans les phenomenes allergiques induisant une rhinite. Le mecanisme d'action de l'allergene au niveau de la muqueuse nasale de l'homme a ete recherche
Continuous-time nonlinear signal processing: a neural network based approach for gray box identification

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are often used for short term discrete time series predictions. Continuous-time models are, however, required for qualitatively correct approximations to long-term dynamics (attractors) of nonlinear dynamical systems and their transitions (bifurcations) as system parameters are varied. In previous work the authors developed a black-box methodology for the characterization of experimental time series as continuous-time models (sets of ordinary differential equations) based on a neural network platform. This methodology naturally lends itself to the identification of partially known first principles dynamic models, and here the authors present its extension to "gray-box" identification. >
Nucleo-cytoplasmic studies in the development of influenza virus in mammalian cells

A non-ionic detergent method of cell fractionation was used to follow the time course of tritiated uridine incorporation into influenza A-NWS virus-induced RNA in a continuous mammalian cell line. The maximum incorporation of tritiated uridine into acid-insoluble RNA of nuclear fractions occurred at 2 to 2.5 hours post infection. A maximum of labelled acid-insoluble RNA of the cytoplasmic fractions was found at 3 to 4 hours post infection which coincided with active synthesis of infectious virus. The effect of influenza A-NWS infection on the rate of tritiated thymidine incorporation into acid-insoluble DNA was found to be an initial depression 1 to 2 hours post infection followed by recovery to near normal values, then a gradual decline until at 8 hours post infection it was approximately 60% of that shown by the control cell cultures.
Lack of reperfusion-induced venular leukocyte adherence following local arteriolar ischemia

Leukocyte adhesion in postcapillary venules has been implicated as a primary determinant of microvascular dysfunction that occurs following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). The mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment have not been fully established. The present study concerns evidence in the literature that I/R in one organ may initiate a systemic effect that results in inflammatory consequences in another. In this investigation, we used a model of mesenteric I/R in the rat. In one group (N = 13), I/R has induced by temporarily occluding the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 30 minutes. In the another group (N = 9), localized I/R was induced by micropipette occlusion of a mesenteric arteriole (for 30 minutes) that perfused the monitored venule(s). The responses of the two groups were different. No increase in venular leukocyte adherence was observed with local I/R; instead, there was a trend for a small decrease. In contrast, a significant increase in adherence (p<0.001) was observed with SMA I/R. Also of interest, both local and SMA I/R similarly prevented the decrease in leukocyte rolling that occurs in time control experiments following mesenteric exteriorization (N = 8). These results suggest that mesenteric I/R-induced leukocyte adherence (but not rolling) may be dependent on a mediator released into the systemic circulation.
Development of an enzyme immunoassay for linoleic acid diols in urine

Abstract An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diol derivatives of linoleic acid, cis-9,10-dihydroxyoctadec-12(Z)-enoic acid (leukotoxindiol, LTXD) and cis-12,13-dihydroxyoctadec-9-(Z)-enoic acid (iso-leukotoxindiol, iso-LTXD), was developed. Polyclonal antibodies were generated in rabbits using an isomeric LTXD and iso-LTXD mixture conjugated with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) or bovine serum albumin (BSA). Coating antigens were synthesized by conjugation of LTXD/iso-LTXD, dihydroxystearic acid, ricinoleic acid (OLE), ricelaidic acid (ELA) or 12-hydroxystearic acid to BSA or ovalbumin (OVA). Various linoleic acid derivatives did not cross react significantly. Using the ovalbumin conjugate of ricinoleic acid as a coating antigen, the assay yielded an IC50 value of 8 μg/l LTXD/iso-LTXD and was applied to the analysis of urine samples. Urine samples were treated with glucuronidase to release LTXD/iso-LTXD from its glucuronic acid conjugate. An increase of the LTXD/iso-LTXD signal was clearly observed after glucuronidase incubation. Recent evidence suggests that these diols may be involved in diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and cardiovascular diseases, thus this assay will be important in assessing the significance of these compounds as biomarkers for these disease states.
Spatially dynamic calibration of an eye-tracking system

ERICA is a personal-computer workstation developed to provide nonverbal, motor-disabled individuals with a means of communication and environmental control. The system employs computer vision to detect the user's approximate point of regard on a display screen and then invokes the menu option currently appearing at the corresponding screen coordinates. In this way, a severely handicapped user can run menu-driven applications with eye fixations as the only mode of input. This correspondence describes the design and testing of a spatially dynamic calibration for ERICA. The purpose of the new design is to improve the accuracy and precision of point-of-regard estimation by reducing the sensitivity of the system to head movement in the lateral plane (parallel to the display screen). The design introduces a second reference light source, which permits differentiation of head movement from eye rotation in the camera image. Symmetries in point-of-regard estimates for different fixed-head locations, which are observed by simulating the image response to eye and head motions, are exploited in the calibration model. The design is shown to provide accurate point-of-regard estimates in the presence of significant lateral head displacements while simultaneously improving overall estimation precision by approximately 85%. >
Bilateral Switching Using Nonsymmetric Elements

Magnetic-core memory elements characteristically require bipolar applied fields. The vanishing inner diameter of toroids and the loss of the third dimension entirely in deposited thin films demands minimization of the number of wires. A configuration which has been investigated and applied in a word organized memory at the University of California at Los Angeles is illustrated in Fig. 2. It consists of a pair of mutually inverted and parallel connected transistors. The transistors are not in general symmetrical. This paper discusses some of the system considerations which determine the important design parameters. Methods for location of regions of satisfactory operation in the many-variable space of the inverted transistor pair are described. Although a particular design problem is discussed, attention is focused on the question, ``What classical and new procedures can we use to reduce the number of dimensions in such design problems?'' The power of the computer as a design tool is crucially dependent upon such processes.
Timing of radiation and outcomes in implant-based breast reconstruction.

Summary Objective Limited data exist regarding the effect of radiation timing on complications of tissue expander/implant-based breast reconstruction. This study seeks to compare outcomes of tissue expander/implant reconstruction in patients undergoing postmastectomy radiotherapy, those with previous radiation therapy following breast conservation therapy, and those who did not receive radiation therapy. Methods The records of the patients of a single surgeon were reviewed from January 2007 to July 2013. All patients undergoing tissue expander/implant breast reconstruction were placed into one of three groups based on the timing of radiation therapy: postmastectomy (Current), previously following breast conservation therapy (Prior), and no radiotherapy (No XRT). Medical records were reviewed for any reported complications, and statistical analysis was performed. Results A total of 210 patients (265 breasts) were included in the analysis. Current patients were more likely than No XRT patients to experience expander infection (20% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.001) and expander removal (26% vs. 8.3%, p = 0.007). Prior patients were more likely than No XRT patients to undergo conversion to tissue flap reconstruction (10.5% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.031). No significant differences were found between groups with respect to cellulitis, abscess formation, hematoma, seroma, skin flap necrosis, expander exposure, implant exposure, or implant infection. Conclusions This study supports the relative safety of tissue expander/implant breast reconstruction in selected groups of patients who have received radiation therapy. Differences in rates of expander infection, expander removal, and conversion to tissue flap reconstruction represent potential areas for further research.
Alkyl detection facilitated by a DNA conjugate with an α-hemolysin nanopore

Herein an α-hemolysin nanopore was utilized to detect a DNA conjugate, where a propyl linker was attached to the 20-mer oligonucleotides at each end of an individual strand. The studies showed the alkyl linker produced a clear current change when translocating through the protein pore, which could be used to sense and identify small organic molecule at the single-molecule level.
Mathematical and computer modelling reports: Ecology models and Newton vector fields

We generate phase portraits of autonomous differential equations by constructing integrals of motion-even in nonconservative systems, where no integrals produced by quadrature exist. These phase plane portraits are produced with no propagated error. Phase portraits do not usually display the parametrization along orbits. The use of high resolution color graphics allows us to display this parametrization conveniently. We examine three ecology models-the logistic equation in the complex domain, and the predator-prey and competing species equations in the real domain.
Arsenic speciation in rice by capillary electrophoresis/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: enzyme-assisted water-phase microwave digestion.

We report an analytical methodology for the quantification of common arsenic species in rice and rice cereal using capillary electrophoresis coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CE–ICPMS). An enzyme (i.e., α-amylase)-assisted water-phase microwave extraction procedure was used to extract four common arsenic species, including dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), arsenite [As(III)], and arsenate [As(V)] from the rice matrices. The addition of the enzyme α-amylase during the extraction process was necessary to reduce the sample viscosity, which subsequently increased the injection volume and enhanced the signal response. o-Arsanilic acid (o-ASA) was added to the sample solution as a mobility marker and internal standard. The obtained repeatability [i.e., relative standard deviation (RSD %)] of the four arsenic analytes of interest was less than 1.23% for elution time and 2.91% for peak area. The detection limits were determined to be 0.15–0.27 ng g–1. Rice standard...
Derivative types obtained by backcrossingNicotiana Rustica-Paniculata toN. Paniculata

1. Continuous back-crossing of theN. rustica (24II)-paniculata (12II) hybrid toN. paniculata has resulted in a series of true breeding derivative types quite distinct frompaniculata but having the same chromosome number (12II). 2. Although the two species differ quantitatively and theF 1 is intermediate in character expression, these derivatives behave as Mendelian units when crossed toN. paniculata. Twelve types have so far been analysed and proved to be simple recessives, two of them being allelomorphic. One very distinctive derivative in which the corolla is spurred has been shown to be due to the interaction of four recessive factors. 3. The characters differentiating these types fromN. paniculata are not present as visible character contrasts in the two parental species. 4. The suggestion is made that the chromosomes ofN. rustica which pair with those ofN. paniculata are partially non-homologous as regards the serial arrangement of the chromomeres. Crossing-over would then often result in deficiency-duplication gametes. SinceN. paniculata is a basic diploid species only the smaller deficiencies and gene interchanges are viable, and accordingly most derivatives are recessives. Some types are no doubt the expression ofrustica genes interacting with an otherwise normalpaniculata complex. 5. It is also suggested thatF 1 hybrid sterility is largely due to the production of inviable gametes by the above type of non-homologous crossing-over.
Phase formation of BaTiO3–Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3 perovskite ceramics

Materials based on BiMO3-modified BaTiO3 have been shown to exhibit a number of attractive electrical and electromechanical properties. In addition, many of the materials in this broad family exhibit reduced sintering temperatures for densification as compared to pure BaTiO3. We report here a study of the phase evolution and sintering behavior of Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3-modified BaTiO3 materials from low-cost mixed oxide/carbonate precursor powders. By accelerating the reaction of the BaCO3 species and increasing the diffusion kinetics associated with densification, Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3 additions reduce the calcination and sintering temperatures by ³200°C compared to unmodified BaTiO3. This system provides an example of the important and often overlooked role of additives in the calcination, phase evolution, and densification processes, and provides insight into mechanisms that may be further exploited in this and other important materials systems. We are quite honored to have the opportunity to publish in a special issue dedicated to the life and work of our dear late colleague Prof. Marija Kosec. The topic of this paper is fitting as well, since the work was in large part directly inspired by her work on the importance of reactions and intermediate phases in the alkali niobate systems 1)­4) and heavily informed by her work on the Pb-based perovskites. 5),6) Marija appreciated better than most the importance of careful processing in the formation of fine ceramics, and the global ceramics community is grateful to her for all of the lessons that she taught us®and through her papers and her students, continues to teach us.
Correcting Three Errors in Kantorovich & Krylov's Approximate Methods of Higher Analysis

AbstractThe Nobel laureate Kantorovich and his collaborator produced a book full of treasures, a chrestomathy of accurate, explicit solutions to linear and nonlinear differential equations, both ordinary and partial, and also integral equations. We show that computer algebra systems (CAS) such as Maple, Mathematica, and Reduce compress weeks of paper and pencil calculations (“chirugery”) into a few lines of code. (Four Maple codes are included as tables.) However, modern number-crunching (“arithmurgy”) has offered new insights. Here, we improve upon three problems in Kantorovich and Krylov. First, the error in a Legendre-Galerkin explicit approximation to the solution of a linear integral equation is reduced by a factor of 35 by building the boundary conditions into the approximation. Second, we apply a perturbation series in powers of an artificial parameter e to conformally map a complicated domain to or from the unit disk, and, unlike the book, we analyze corner singularities. Lastly, we apply Euler ac...
Application of ARIMA model in the predition of tuberculosis

Objective To analyze and simulate the tuberculosis cases in Tianxin district of Changsha with ARIMA model to provide scientific basis for the prediction of the disease. Methods By analyzing the tuberculosis cases in Tianxin district in 2003-2010 year, we set up seasonal ARIMA model by three steps: model distinguish, parameter estimation and model diagnosis, thus simulating the trend of Tianxin district tuberculosis cases during January to April in 2011 year, and predicting the monthly incidence in the next year. Results ARIMA(1,0,1)×ARIMA(0,1,1)12 model fits the Tianxin district morbidity of tuberculosis during 2003 to 2010 better than the other models. The simulation is based on the Tianxin district morbidity cases of tuberculosis during January to April in 2011 year, and evaluated with the actual value trend. The incidence of tuberculosis will be increased slightly in next year, with a mean monthly incidence of 44. Conclusion ARIMA(1,0,1)×ARIMA(0,1,1)12 model can explain the Tianxin tuberculosis incidence situation better than the others, thus it can be used in forecasting the trend of tuberculosis.
Chiral separation of levetiracetam and R-enantiomer by supercritical fluid chromatography

Objective:To establish an isocratic supercritical uid chromatography method for the separation of levetiracetam and its R-enantiomer.Methods: With a Chiralcel OD column(250 mm×4.6 mm,10 μm),well-defined separation of levetiracetam and its R-enantiomer was achieved with a mobile phase composed of supercritical CO2 with 12%(v/v) anhydrous ethanol as the modier.The experimental temperature was 40 ℃,back pressure was 15 MPa,and the flow rate was 2.0 mL·min-1,with the detection wavelength set at 220 nm.Results: The R-enantiomer and levetiracetam reached peaks successively,with a separation degree of 3.7.Good linear relationships were established within the concentration range of 0.002-0.041 mg·mL-1 for levetiracetam and its R-enantiomer(r=0.9995 and 0.9994,respectively,n=7),and the quantitative limits(S/N=10) were 34 ng and 36 ng,and the detection limits(S/N=3) were 10 ng and 10 ng,respectively.Conclusion: The proposed method shows high sensitivity,repeatability and stability.It can be employed for the quality control and determination of levetiracetam and its R-enantiomer.
Short Interpregnancy Intervals: An Evidence-Based Guide for Clinicians.

The interpregnancy interval (IPI) is the period of time between one birth outcome (live birth, miscarriage, stillbirth, or abortion) and conception of a subsequent pregnancy. Short IPI has been associated with obstetric, fetal, and maternal morbidity. While the literature has largely supported an id
Harnessing 3D models of mammary epithelial morphogenesis: An off the beaten path approach to identify candidate biomarkers of early stage breast cancer

Regardless of the etiological factor, an aberrant morphology is the common hallmark of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), which is a highly heterogeneous disease. To test if critical core morphogenetic mechanisms are compromised by different mutations, we performed proteomics analysis of five mammary epithelial HME1 mutant lines that develop a DCIS-like morphology in three dimensional (3D) culture. Here we show first, that all HME1 mutant lines share a common protein signature highlighting an inverse deregulation of two annexins, ANXA2 and ANXA8. Either ANXA2 downregulation or ANXA8 upregulation in the HME1 cell context are per se sufficient to confer a 3D DCIS-like morphology. Seemingly, different mutations impinged on a common mechanism that differentially regulates the two annexins. Second, we show that ANXA8 expression is significantly higher in DCIS tissue samples versus normal breast tissue and atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH). Apparently, ANXA8 expression is significantly more upregulated in ER-negative versus ER-positive cases, and significantly correlates with tumor stage, grade and positive lymph node. Based on our study, 3D mammary morphogenesis models can be an alternate/complementary strategy for unraveling new DCIS mechanisms and biomarkers.
An Empirical Study on Mutation Testing of WS-BPEL Programs

Nowadays, applications are increasingly deployed as Web services in the globally distributed cloud computing environment. Multiple services are normally composed to fulfill complex functionalities. Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (WS-BPEL) is an XML-based service composition language that is used to define a complex business process by orchestrating multiple services. Compared with traditional applications, WS-BPEL programs pose many new challenges to the quality assurance, especially testing, of service compositions. A number of techniques have been proposed for testing WS-BPEL programs, but only a few studies have been conducted to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of these techniques. Mutation testing has been widely acknowledged as not only a testing method in its own right but also a popular technique for measuring the fault-detection effectiveness of other testing methods. Several previous studies have proposed a family of mutation operators for generating mutants by seeding various faults into WS-BPEL programs. In this study, we conduct a series of empirical studies to evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of various mutation operators for WS-BPEL programs. The experimental results provide insightful and comprehensive guidance for mutation testing of WS-BPEL programs in practice. In particular, our work is the systematic study in the selection of effective mutation operators specifically for WS-BPEL programs.
Christus in Vobis, Spes Gloriae: The Eucharist, “Missionary Event,” Fons et Finis of Mission

From a presentation by the author (given on April 26, 2015) on the local theological commission of the CBCP (TC/Phil) text entitled “Theological Thematic for the 51st International Eucharistic Congress.”
What Is Shared Decision Making? (and What It Is Not).

Both the practice of medicine and the expectations of patients regarding their care are changing. A point of confluence is in the need for medicine to be more patient centered, and in the need for patients to be more involved in their care.1,2 This confluence is particularly pertinent when more than one reasonable approach is available to manage the patient's situation, and when those approaches differ in ways that matter to patients.3 In shared decision-making (SDM), clinicians and patients work together to understand the patient's situation and to determine how best to address it. Emergency medicine is not exempt from these trends. In this paper we seek to define SDM and its role in contemporary healthcare. Our goal is to set the stage for the active exploration of SDM in the care of patients in the emergency department. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Rethinking Ampliative Reasoning

I explore my methodological assumptions by showing why I put so much emphasis on analysis and its interplay with reference in my investigation of ampliative reasoning in mathematics and science. Reviewing recent important work by philosophers of mathematics Karine Chemla, Carlo Cellucci and Danielle Macbeth, I defend my approach and choice of case studies. I also turn to the work by two influential mathematics educators, Kieran and David Egan, in order to revisit my arguments about the circle, and to prepare the ground for my case studies in Chap. 4 and Chap. 5, where number theory is developed in relation to geometry, algebra, complex analysis, and topology.
Fine-Tuning an Algorithm for Semantic Document Clustering Using a Similarity Graph

In this article, we examine an algorithm for document clustering using a similarity graph. The graph stores words and common phrases from the English language as nodes and it can be used to compute...
Shodagor Family Strategies : Balancing Work and Family on the Water.

The Shodagor of Matlab, Bangladesh, are a seminomadic community of people who live and work on small wooden boats, within the extensive system of rivers and canals that traverse the country. This unique ecology places particular constraints on family and economic life and leads to Shodagor parents employing one of four distinct strategies to balance childcare and provisioning needs. The purpose of this paper is to understand the conditions that lead a family to choose one strategy over another by testing predictions about socioecological factors that impact the sexual division of labor, including a family’s stage in the domestic cycle, aspects of the local ecology, and the availability of alloparents. Results show that although each factor has an impact on the division of labor individually, a confluence of these factors best explains within-group, between-family differences in how mothers and fathers divide subsistence and childcare labor. These factors also interact in particular ways for Shodagor families, and it appears that families choose their economic strategies based on the constellation of constraints that they face. The results of these analyses have implications for theory regarding the sexual division of labor across cultures and inform how Shodagor family economic and parenting strategies should be contextualized in future studies.
Detecting horizontal and vertical urban growth from medium resolution imagery and its relationships with major socioeconomic factors

Urban growth consists of horizontal and vertical expansions. An integrative framework for estimating horizontal and vertical expansions of city urban areas using Landsat images was presented. It includes following steps: 1 a spectrum-based classifier here Support Vector Machine is first used to preclassify Landsat images; 2 the spectral similarity-enhanced Markov chain random field cosimulation model is then applied to postclassify the preclassified images and detect building shadows; and 3 a morphological operator based on spatial logic reasoning is used to estimate mid-rise or taller buildings MTBs from detected shadows. Both horizontal urban growth and vertical urban growth in the main city area of Guangzhou for the time period of 1993–2013 were detected. The accuracy of identified MTBs by shadows was validated to be 78.1% on average for 2013. The case study indicates that Guangzhou had undergone both horizontal and vertical urban growth from 1993 to 2013, and vertical urban growth followed horizontal urban growth successively. The relationships between the horizontal and vertical urban growth and three major socioeconomic factors during the studied period were analysed. Results indicate that both the total area of built-up areas and the total area of detected MTBs are significantly correlated with population density, real gross domestic product, and fixed investment i.e. investment in fixed assets such as land, buildings, respectively. While population density is the major driving force of horizontal urban expansion, fixed investment is the major driving force of vertical urban expansion for the city as a whole. Although the method is not perfect currently in detecting MTBs in various situations and the case study is mainly exploratory, the proposed framework and the case study can be helpful in quantitatively exploring the horizontal urban growth and vertical urban growth of a city and their causes.
Some properties of a Kähler space

In this paper I have first obtained a property of projectively flat Kahler space and have then studied Kahler spaces in real co-ordinate system.
Monitoring transient nanoparticle interactions with liposome-confined plasmonic transducers

The encapsulation of individual pairs of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) in liposomes is introduced as a new strategy for utilizing plasmon coupling to monitor interactions between co-confined NPs in a nanoconfinement that ensures high local NP concentrations. We apply the approach to monitor transient binding contacts between noncovalently tethered 55 nm diameter gold NPs, which were functionalized with cytosine (C)-rich DNAs, in acidic and mildly basic buffer conditions. At pH=8, a rich spectral dynamics indicates DNA-mediated transient binding and unbinding of co-confined NPs due to weak attractive interparticle interactions. A decrease in pH from 8 to 4 is observed to favor the associated state for some co-confined NPs, presumably due to a stabilization of the bound dimer configuration through noncanonical C-C+ bonds between the DNA-functionalized NPs. Plasmonic nanoemitters whose spectral response switches in response to chemical cues (in this work pH) represent optical transducers with a rich application space in chemical sensing, cell analysis and nanophotonics. Wrapping nanoparticles in a liposome offers a sensitive way of monitoring the dynamics of biological molecules. Bjorn Reinhard and his co-workers from the Boston University, United States, have applied this technique to monitor the behavior of gold nanoparticles and DNA in environments with different pHs. The optical properties of a pair of metallic nanoparticles are dependent on their separation, owing to coupling between the light and surface electrons. This knowledge can be used to study the properties of a DNA molecule to which a nanoparticle has been attached at either end. However, the resulting ‘plasmon ruler’ must typically be connected to a surface, which influences the DNA molecule’s behavior. Instead, the team encapsulated individual pairs of DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles within a liposome, protecting them from surface perturbations and offering unlimited time to perform experiments.