cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of acoustic ground sensors in multi-sensor surveillance systems

814-865-871 1 Abstract - Acoustic ground sensors have an extensive history for tactical surveillance. During World War II, prior to the invention of radar, acoustic sensors were used as early warning devices to detect the approach of bombers. Subsequently, acoustic sensors have been used in multiple conflicts for surveillance to detect people, ground vehicles, and airborne vehicles. Detection, identification, and localization capabilities have become increasingly sophisticated with improvements in acoustic antenna, signal processing and pattern recognition techniques. Despite these improvements, ground-based acoustic sensors have often been viewed as "unreliable" and "inaccurate" due to wide variability of performance due to atmospheric conditions (viz., winds, temperature gradients, etc.). In this paper we argue that advances in information processing of ground-based acoustic sensor data make these sensors a valuable component of heterogeneous multi-sensor surveillance systems. The Joint Directors of Laboratories (JDL) data fusion process model is introduced, and the role of ground-based acoustic sensors described for each function within the JDL processing model.
Economic Perspectives On The Advance Market Commitment For Pneumococcal Vaccines

Pharmaceutical companies have long been reluctant to invest in producing new vaccines for the developing world because they have little prospect of earning an attractive return. One way to stimulate such investment is the use of an advance market commitment, an innovative financing program that guarantees manufacturers a long-term market. Under this arrangement, international donors pay a premium for initial doses sold to developing countries. In exchange, companies agree to continue supplying the vaccine over the longer term at more sustainable prices. This article provides a preliminary economic analysis of a pilot advance market commitment program for pneumococcal vaccines, explaining the principles behind the program’s design and assessing its early performance. Spurred by the advance market commitment—and other contemporaneous initiatives that also increased resources to vaccine suppliers—new, second-generation pneumococcal vaccines have experienced a much more rapid rollout in developing countries t...
Proteolytic cleavage of ACTH in corticotropes of sexually mature axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum).

Abstract Immunohistochemical analysis of the pituitary of sexually mature axolotls revealed both ACTH(1–39)-related and α-MSH-related immunoreactivity present in corticotropic cells located in the rostral anterior pituitary. Gel filtration analysis indicated that the ACTH(1–39)-sized immunoreactivity and the α-MSH-sized immunoreactivity detected in acid extracts of the axolotl anterior pituitary were present in a ratio in a range between 1:1 and 1:0.6. Reversed-phase HPLC analyses indicated that the α-MSH-sized immunoreactivity had the same retention time as synthetic ACTH(1–13)-NH 2 . The corticotropic activity of the ACTH(1–39)-sized immunoreactivity and the purified ACTH(1–13)-NH 2 was tested in a heterologous, larval bullfrog adrenal bioassay system. As expected, the ACTH(1–39)-sized immunoreactivity stimulated corticosterone release; however, the purified ACTH(1–13)-NH 2 lacked glucocorticoid activity. The proteolytic cleavage of ACTH in corticotropes of sexually mature axolotls was identical to the cleavage events observed in neotenic Ambystoma tigrinum that had not reached sexual maturity. These studies indicate that the transient expression of ACTH cleavage activity is not affected by the reproductive state of the animal. Since axolotls do not undergo metamorphosis, it is possible that events associated with metamorphosis may induce the decline in ACTH cleavage activity observed in amphibian corticotropes.
Teaching Paraeducators to Support the Communication of Young Children With Complex Communication Needs

Paraeducators are frequent communication partners for young children with complex communication needs (CCN) in early childhood settings. This study examined the impact of instruction to paraeducato...
Synthesizing Self-Synchronizing Chaotic Systems

A systematic approach is developed for synthesizing N-dimensional dissipative chaotic systems which possess the self-synchronization property. The ability to synthesize new chaotic systems further enhances the usefulness of synchronized chaotic systems for communications.
A thread taxonomy for MPI

In 1994, we presented extensions to MPI and offered an early paper on potential thread extensions to MPI as well as non-blocking collective extensions to MPI. The present paper is a thorough review of thread issues in MPI, including alternative models, their computational uses, and the impact on implementations. A number of issues are addressed: barriers to thread safety in MPI implementations with MPICH as an example and changes of the semantics of non-thread-safe MPI calls, different thread models, their uses, and possible integration. Minimal portable thread management and synchronization mechanisms API extensions for MPI are considered. A tentative design for multi-threaded thread-safe ADI and Channel Device for MPICH is proposed. We consider threads as both an implementation device for MPI and as a user-level mechanism to achieve fine-grain concurrency. The reduction of the process to a simple resource container (as considered by Mach), with the thread as the main named computational unit is suggested. Specific results thus far with Windows NT version of MPICH are mentioned.
Student Perceptions of Teachers' Use of Language: The Effects of Powerful and Powerless Language on Impression Formation and Uncertainty.

This study examined the effects of teachers' language on initial impressions and uncertainty reduction in the university classroom. Language was operationalized using powerful and powerless language forms. Teachers using powerful language were rated significantly higher by students on the dimensions of dynamism, status, and credibility in impression formation than were teachers using powerless language. Significant differences were also found for student perceptions of uncertainty. Students reported significantly higher levels of uncertainty when teachers used powerless language than when teachers used powerful language. The findings suggest that, based on the language teachers use, students form initial impressions which may contribute to subsequent classroom interaction.
Referral patterns, lesion prevalence and patient care parameters in a clinical oral pathology practice

Abstract Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine the following parameters in a referral-based private practice oral and maxillofacial pathology clinic: (1) sources of clinical referrals; (2) types of problems referred; and (3) clinical effectiveness of treatment. Study Design. Clinical charts were reviewed for a cohort of 362 patients seen over a 2 ½-year period (1993-1995). From these charts, we determined the source of referral and the final diagnosis for each patient. In addition, 50 patients were randomly selected and surveyed by telephone; each was asked a series of questions to determine the following: (1) the number of health care practitioners previously seen with regard to the patient’s condition; (2) the length of time that the condition had been present before the patient came to the oral and maxillofacial pathology clinic; (3) the costs associated with medications and office visits that had been incurred before the patient came to the oral and maxillofacial pathology clinic; (4) the costs associated with medications and office visits that were incurred at the oral and maxillofacial pathology clinic; and (5) the patient’s level of satisfaction with the oral and maxillofacial pathology clinic. Results. Fifty-five percent of the referrals came from dentists, and 45% came from physicians. The 3 problems most commonly seen were candidiasis (12%), burning mouth syndrome (10%), and lichen planus (8%). For the 50 patients who were interviewed, the mean number of health care practitioners seen previously was 2.2 (range, 1-9). The mean time from initial symptoms to evaluation by an oral pathologist was 15 months. The mean approximate cost of medications and office visits before evaluation by an oral pathologist was $350 (range, $30-$4,000; median, $100); this compared with a cost of $94 (range, $50-$300; median, $70) for the patient visit and medications associated with the oral pathology appointment. The difference was statistically significant ( P ≤ .001). Conclusions. This preliminary study suggests that the clinical evaluation of oral lesions by an oral pathologist appears to be cost-effective and should be an integral part of a comprehensive health management system. These results should be corroborated by similar multicenter studies. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1999;87:583-8)
The stiffening of arteries by the tissue-mimicking gelatin

Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is widely used for estimating the stiffness of an artery. PWV is measured by the time of travel of the "foot" of the pressure wave over a known distance. This technique has a low time resolution and is an average measurement of artery stiffness between the two measuring sites. The elastic modulus of the artery can be estimated with PWV, but the surrounding tissue effects are not considered. In this paper an external short pulse wave is generated noninvasively in the arterial wall by the radiation force of ultrasound. The pulse wave velocity in the artery is measured by a scanning technique with high-time resolution. The effect of tissue-mimicking gelatin on the artery is analyzed by measuring the wave velocity of the artery without and embedded in gelatin. It is found that the tissue-mimicking gelatin significantly stiffens the rubber tube and the artery if they are embedded in gelatin
On the relationships between the Michaelis–Menten kinetics, reverse Michaelis–Menten kinetics, equilibrium chemistry approximation kinetics, and quadratic kinetics

Abstract. The Michaelis–Menten kinetics and the reverse Michaelis–Menten kinetics are two popular mathematical formulations used in many land biogeochemical models to describe how microbes and plants would respond to changes in substrate abundance. However, the criteria of when to use either of the two are often ambiguous. Here I show that these two kinetics are special approximations to the equilibrium chemistry approximation (ECA) kinetics, which is the first-order approximation to the quadratic kinetics that solves the equation of an enzyme–substrate complex exactly for a single-enzyme and single-substrate biogeochemical reaction with the law of mass action and the assumption of a quasi-steady state for the enzyme–substrate complex and that the product genesis from enzyme–substrate complex is much slower than the equilibration between enzyme–substrate complexes, substrates, and enzymes. In particular, I show that the derivation of the Michaelis–Menten kinetics does not consider the mass balance constraint of the substrate, and the reverse Michaelis–Menten kinetics does not consider the mass balance constraint of the enzyme, whereas both of these constraints are taken into account in deriving the equilibrium chemistry approximation kinetics. By benchmarking against predictions from the quadratic kinetics for a wide range of substrate and enzyme concentrations, the Michaelis–Menten kinetics was found to persistently underpredict the normalized sensitivity ∂ ln v / ∂ ln k2+ of the reaction velocity v with respect to the maximum product genesis rate k2+, persistently overpredict the normalized sensitivity ∂ ln v / ∂ ln k1+ of v with respect to the intrinsic substrate affinity k1+, persistently overpredict the normalized sensitivity ∂ ln v / ∂ ln [E]T of v with respect the total enzyme concentration [E]T, and persistently underpredict the normalized sensitivity ∂ ln v / ∂ ln [S]T of v with respect to the total substrate concentration [S]T. Meanwhile, the reverse Michaelis–Menten kinetics persistently underpredicts ∂ ln v / ∂ ln k2+ and ∂ ln v / ∂ ln [E]T, and persistently overpredicts ∂ ln v / ∂ ln k1+ and ∂ ln v / ∂ ln [S]T. In contrast, the equilibrium chemistry approximation kinetics always gives consistent predictions of ∂ ln v / ∂ ln k2+, ∂ ln v / ∂ ln k1+, ∂ ln v / ∂ ln [E]T, and ∂ ln v / ∂ ln [S]T, indicating that ECA-based models will be more calibratable if the modeled processes do obey the law of mass action. Since the equilibrium chemistry approximation kinetics includes advantages from both the Michaelis–Menten kinetics and the reverse Michaelis–Menten kinetics and it is applicable for almost the whole range of substrate and enzyme abundances, land biogeochemical modelers therefore no longer need to choose when to use the Michaelis–Menten kinetics or the reverse Michaelis–Menten kinetics. I expect that removing this choice ambiguity will make it easier to formulate more robust and consistent land biogeochemical models.
Estrogen and androgen receptors as comediators of breast cancer cell proliferation: providing a new therapeutic tool.

Hypothesis Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) comediates breast cancer progression via estrogen receptors (ERs) and androgen receptors (ARs). Design Breast cancer cells that were ER positive–AR positive or ER negative–AR positive were pretreated with anastrozole, tamoxifen citrate, or bicalutamide, then stimulated with 228µM DHEA-S. Setting University Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory. Main Outcome Measures Receptor status was confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Cellular activity was measured by a methylthiotetrazole proliferation assay in addition to ER nuclear translocation and mitogen-activated protein kinase activity by immunoassays. Results The use of DHEA-S induced growth of 43.4% in ER-positive–AR-positive cells but inhibited ER-negative–AR-positive cells by 22%. Tamoxifen reduced growth of ER-positive–AR-positive cells to 8.9%. Bicalutamide restored normal growth of ER-negative–AR-positive cells. The ER nuclear translocation rate of 51% was reduced to 11% with tamoxifen. The use of DHEA-S induced mitogen-activated protein kinase by 5.4-fold. Conclusions Stimulation with DHEA-S induced proliferation through the ER but inhibited cells via the AR. Therapeutic comediation of receptors may provide effective treatment for ER-negative–AR-positive breast cancers.
Mechanism of Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Glucose Dehydration

We present the first DFT-based microkinetic model for the Bronsted acid-catalyzed conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxylmethylfurfural (HMF), levulinic acid (LA), and formic acid (FA) and perform kinetic and isotopic tracing NMR spectroscopy mainly at low conversions. We reveal that glucose dehydrates through a cyclic path. Our modeling results are in excellent agreement with kinetic data and indicate that the rate-limiting step is the first dehydration of protonated glucose and that the majority of glucose is consumed through the HMF intermediate. We introduce a combination of 1) automatic mechanism generation with isotopic tracing experiments and 2) elementary reaction flux analysis of important paths with NMR spectroscopy and kinetic experiments to assess mechanisms. We find that the excess formic acid, which appears at high temperatures and glucose conversions, originates from retro-aldol chemistry that involves the C6 carbon atom of glucose.
Pechini-type in-situ polymerizable complex (IPC) method applied to the synthesis of Y2O3:Ln (Ln = Ce or Eu) nanocrystallites

A Pechini-type, in-situ polymerizable complex (IPC) method was demonstrated as applicable to the synthesis of nanocrystalline multicomponent metal oxides with reproducibility and reasonable yield. In oleic acid–octyl ether reaction media, nanocrystalline, phase-pure Y2O3:Ln (Ln = Ce or Eu) samples were prepared with size ranges from 6 to 14 nm at 40% yield. Sample sizes and morphology were characterized by TEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. The amount of Ce and Eu dopants were identified quantitatively by ICP-AE analysis. Photoluminescence of both cerium- and europium-doped nanocrystalline samples were reported. The Y2O3:Ce (3 mol%) nanocrystallites demonstrated its activity as a scintillator in alpha particle detection.
Solving rate equations for electron tunneling via discrete quantum states

We consider the form of the current-voltage curves generated when tunneling spectroscopy is used to measure the energies of individual electronic energy levels in nanometer-scale systems. We point out that the voltage positions of the tunneling resonances can undergo temperature-dependent shifts, leading to errors in spectroscopic measurements that are proportional to the temperature. We do this by solving the set of rate equations that can be used to describe electron tunneling via discrete quantum states, for a number of cases important for comparison to experiments, including (1) when just one spin-degenerate level is accessible for transport, (2) when two spin-degenerate levels are accessible, with no variation in electron-electron interactions between eigenstates, and (3) when two spin-degenerate levels are accessible, but with variations in electron-electron interactions. We also comment on the general case with an arbitrary number of accessible levels. In each case we analyze the voltage positions, amplitudes, and widths of the current steps due to the quantum states.
The effects of anthropometric scaling parameters on normalized muscle strength in uninjured baseball pitchers.

Context: Muscle force must be normalized for between-subjects comparisons of strength to be valid. The most effective method for normalizing muscle strength has not, however, been systematically evaluated. Objective: To evaluate the effects of normalizing muscle strength using a spectrum of anthropometric parameters. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Laboratory. Participants: 50 uninjured highschool-age baseball pitchers. Interventions: Shoulder-rotation strength was tested at 0° and 90° abduction with a handheld dynamometer. Muscle force was normalized to parameters including subject height, weight, height × weight, body-mass index (BMI), forearm length, and forearm length × height. Outcome Measures: Statistical analysis included evaluating the coefficient of variation, skewness, and kurtosis of the nonnormalized and normalized muscle force. The most effective normalization method was determined based on the scaling factor that yielded the lowest variability for the data set and promoted the most normal distribution of the data set. Results: Using body weight to scale muscle force was the most effective anthropometric parameter for normalizing strength values based on the group of statistical measures of variability. BMI, height × weight, and forearm length × weight as scaling factors also yielded less variable values for muscle strength compared with nonnormalized strength, but less consistently than body weight. Height and forearm length were least effective in reducing the variability of the data set relative to nonnormalized muscle force. Conclusion: This study provides objective support for scaling muscle strength to subject body weight. This approach to normalizing muscle strength uses methods readily accessible to clinicians and researchers and may facilitate the identification of differences in strength between individuals with diverse physical characteristics.
Equilibrium point control of artificial muscles using recruitment of many motor units

This paper presents the design and implementation of antagonistic artificial muscle actuators which combine equilibrium point control with a segmented muscle architecture similar to the motor units within mammalian skeletal muscle. By varying the number of recruited motor units in a pair of antagonistic actuators, the stiffness and angle of a joint are controlled. An antagonistic actuator system is presented that can independently control the equilibrium position and stiffness of a single degree of freedom joint using co-contraction.
Modeling High Frequency Market Order Dynamics Using Self-Excited Point Process

This paper extends the self-excited point process framework to model conditional arrival intensities of buy and sell orders of listed stocks. The cross-excitation of market orders is modeled explicitly such that buy size and buy side order book cumulative volume can affect the sell order intensity, and vice versa. Different variations of the framework are estimated by using method of maximum likelihood estimation, using a recursive application of the log-likelihood functions derived in this paper. Results indicate that by incorporating an order imbalance measure related to the probability weighted cumulative queue volume at the bid and ask sides of the market, one can improve the overall model goodness-of-fit significantly.
Imagining the `iron cage': The rhetoric of hidden emotions in critical ethnography

In this article we argue that the rhetorical power of critical ethnography cannot be fully explained by current concepts in rhetorical studies. Although rhetorical studies acknowledge the role play...
System identification for a complex nonlinear model of the cardiovascular system

This study addresses the problem of system identification with a complex model. A comprehensive model has been developed to provide realistic simulations of the cardiovascular system. The formidable problem of system identification is approached by iteratively applying a nonlinear optimization routine coupled with the model-based simulation.
Impact of ATM switching and flow control on TCP performance: measurements on an experimental switch

Measurements on an experimental ATM switch in a local area network have demonstrated significant performance gains for TCP traffic with ATM-level flow control. Without flow control, buffer overruns at the ATM switches feeding into bottlenecks can prevent the TCP from using more than a few percent of the potential bandwidth. A detailed analysis of the cell loss patterns that foil the TCP's loss recovery strategy is presented. With flow control, the efficiency is nearly perfect. ATM flow control prevents cell loss due to congestion, and as a result the TCP can avoid retransmit time-out delays and maintain a high transmission rate.
Distinct representations of subtraction and multiplication in the neural systems for numerosity and language.

r r Abstract: It has been proposed that recent cultural inventions such as symbolic arithmetic recycle evo- lutionary older neural mechanisms. A central assumption of this hypothesis is that the degree to which a preexisting mechanism is recycled depends on the degree of similarity between its initial function and the novel task. To test this assumption, we investigated whether the brain region involved in mag- nitude comparison in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), localized by a numerosity comparison task, is recruited to a greater degree by arithmetic problems that involve number comparison (single-digit sub- tractions) than by problems that involve retrieving number facts from memory (single-digit multiplica- tions). Our results confirmed that subtractions are associated with greater activity in the IPS than multiplications, whereas multiplications elicit greater activity than subtractions in regions involved in verbal processing including the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) that were localized by a phonological processing task. Pattern analyses further indicated that the neural mechanisms more active for subtraction than multiplication in the IPS overlap with those involved in numerosity comparison and that the strength of this overlap predicts interindividual performance in the subtraction task. These findings provide novel evidence that elementary arithmetic relies on the cooption of evolutionary older neural circuits. Hum Brain Mapp 00:000-000, 2011. V C 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Hypercalcemia of malignancy and new treatment options

Hypercalcemia of malignancy affects up to one in five cancer patients during the course of their disease. It is associated with both liquid malignancies, commonly multiple myeloma, leukemia, and non-Hodgkins lymphoma and solid cancers, particularly breast and renal carcinomas as well as squamous cell carcinomas of any organ. The clinical manifestations of hypercalcemia are generally constitutional in nature and not specific to the inciting malignancy. Such physical manifestations can range from malaise to lethargy and confusion. Constipation and anorexia are common. Acute kidney injury is likely the most frequently encountered manifestation of end organ damage. Symptomatology is closely linked to both the absolute elevation of serum calcium levels and the rapidity of calcium rise. The majority of cases are humoral in etiology and related to parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). Approximately 20% of cases are the result of direct bone metastasis with extra-renal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) and ectopic parathyroid hormone production likely accounting for less than 1% of cases. The diagnosis of hypercalcemia of malignancy is confirmed either by an elevated PTHrP or by an evidence of bone metastasis in the appropriate clinical setting. Treatment is predicated on the patient's symptoms and absolute serum calcium level. Interventions are aimed at lowering the serum calcium concentration by inhibiting bone resorption and increasing urinary calcium excretion, the former accomplished via bisphosphonate therapy and the latter with aggressive hydration. Novel therapies for refractory disease include denosumab, a monoclonal antibody against the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand, and the calcimimetic cinacalcet. Finally, anti-PTHrP antibodies have been successfully deployed in animal models of disease. Despite the efficacy of the above therapies, hypercalcemia of malignancy portends an ominous prognosis, indicating advanced and often refractory cancer with survival on the order of months.
‘Memory is the strength of our resistance’: an ‘other politics’ through embodied and material commemoration in the San José Peace Community, Colombia

AbstractScholars have shown how memory is an embodied and spatial practice that potentially generates more just possible futures, and that peace is a politicized and contextually specific process, but how does place-based memory performance actually contribute to social movements’ construction of peace? This article explores massacre commemoration pilgrimages and stones painted with victims’ names in the Peace Community of San Jose de Apartado, a group of small-scale farmers living in the war-torn region of Uraba, Colombia. Based on 15 months of ethnographic research in Colombia from 2011 to 2014, including participant observation and 49 interviews, I explore the relationship between these spatially embodied practices and the community’s resistance to forced displacement and peace-building project. I argue that these forms of memorialization cultivate key elements for an autonomist ‘other politics’, including solidarity with allies; mobilizing bodies across space to defend life and land; and ongoing refle...
Endovascular packing of carotid bifurcation aneurysm with polyester fiber-coated platinum coils in a rabbit model.

PURPOSE To assess the value of endovascular packing of intracranial bifurcation aneurysms with commercially available coils. METHODS Carotid bifurcation aneurysms were surgically created in 12 New Zealand rabbits with subsequent assessment of the extent of aneurysm ablation following endovascular packing with polyester fiber-coated platinum coils. RESULTS Follow-up angiograms obtained from 29 to 108 days postprocedures showed various degrees of aneurysm ablation. Complete obliteration of aneurysm dome occurred in seven out of eight rabbits, while ablation of aneurysm neck was successful in only one out of eight. No spontaneous thrombosis was observed in seven control animals over a 3-month period. Coils of various configurations used in this experiment all maintained stable intraaneurysmal position. Histologic examination of treated aneurysms consistently demonstrated extensive proliferation of spindle cells on the coil surface and in interstices between coils with channels lined by cells resembling endothelial cells. Organized thrombus was not a prominent feature. CONCLUSION Endovascular packing of human bifurcation aneurysms with current commercially available polyester fiber-coated platinum coils may not result in complete obliteration of the aneurysm with reendothelialization occurring across the aneurysm neck.
Distinctly perturbed metabolic networks underlie differential tumor tissue damages induced by immune modulator β-glucan in a two-case ex vivo non-small-cell lung cancer study

Cancer and stromal cell metabolism is important for understanding tumor development, which highly depends on the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cell or animal models cannot recapitulate the human TME. We have developed an ex vivo paired cancerous (CA) and noncancerous (NC) human lung tissue approach to explore cancer and stromal cell metabolism in the native human TME. This approach enabled full control of experimental parameters and acquisition of individual patient's target tissue response to therapeutic agents while eliminating interferences from genetic and physiological variations. In this two-case study of non-small-cell lung cancer, we performed stable isotope-resolved metabolomic (SIRM) experiments on paired CA and NC lung tissues treated with a macrophage activator β-glucan and (13)C6-glucose, followed by ion chromatography-Fourier transform mass spectrometry (IC-FTMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses of (13)C-labeling patterns of metabolites. We demonstrated that CA lung tissue slices were metabolically more active than their NC counterparts, which recapitulated the metabolic reprogramming in CA lung tissues observed in vivo. We showed β-glucan-enhanced glycolysis, Krebs cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, antioxidant production, and itaconate buildup in patient UK021 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and an abundance of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) but not in UK049 with no COPD and much less macrophage infiltration. This metabolic response of UK021 tissues was accompanied by reduced mitotic index, increased necrosis, and enhaced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. We surmise that the reprogrammed networks could reflect β-glucan M1 polarization of human macrophages. This case study presents a unique opportunity for investigating metabolic responses of human macrophages to immune modulators in their native microenvironment on an individual patient basis.
A Survey on Applicability of Guide or Code Related to Power System Security and Stability for Large-Scale Power Grid

Large-scale AC/DC hybrid synchronous power grid is being grown up. Making an investigation on current guides and codes related to power system security and stability, and listening to and assimilating advices and recommendations from SGCC experts and working personnel in related departments of power system secure and stable operation, the authors summarize large-scale power grid's new demands on current guides and codes and sort out sixteen standards closely-related to power system security and stability, then analyze the necessity of editing and revising the sixteen standards and point out the defects existing in the sixteen related standards and the clauses in them to be revised or supplemented. It is recommended that one standard should be abrogated and incorporated into other standard; the incorporation of three standard related to reactive power and voltage should be considered; the editing and revision of two standards should be promoted, and the rest ten standards should continue to be tracked and researched. The presented research and work lay the foundation of further integration, edition and revision of standards related to power system security and stability.
Superior Versus Inferior Vestibular Neuritis: Are There Intrinsic Differences in Infection, Reactivation, or Production of Infectious Particles Between the Vestibular Ganglia?

HypothesisIntrinsic differences in neurons of the vestibular ganglia result in the increased likelihood of superior vestibular ganglion involvement in vestibular neuritis.BackgroundVestibular neuritis is hypothesized to result from herpes simplex type I (HSV1) infection or reactivation in vestibular
Microchip Integrated Analysis System for Electrospray Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Complex Peptide Mixtures

A comprehensive characterization of expressed proteins in a cell lysate or organism, today represents a high priority goal requiring high-throughput instrumentation and rapid analysis protocols. In this presentation, we report on the development of new microfabricated analytical platforms interfaced to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) that facilitate on-line analysis of peptide samples. In particular, liquid phase separation elements, microdigestion units, pumping units and electrospray elements were fabricated on a unique microchip platform, and the over-all performance of the integrated system evaluated.
Fathers and Their Babies: Does Timing Matter?

Now the baby has arrived! In this chapter, we see how the social clock and psychological clock indicators are associated with new fathers’ thoughts about the role of the father and their parenting views, attitudes, and experiences. The chapter concludes with new fathers’ advice to other men who are transitioning to parenthood.
Napoleonic Mode: The 1802 Edition of La Fontaine's Fables

What, if any use did Napoleon Bonaparte (1769–1821) have for Jean de La Fontaine (1621–95), and for the Fables in particular? Such issues come to light in the 1802 Didot edition of La Fontaine's most noted work, which was designed and engraved by artists who worked closely with Napoleon. The text of the edition is itself rather unremarkable, as there are very few notations or emendations. By contrast, the engravings, when viewed alongside their specific fables, provide a valuable glimpse into French political culture during Bonaparte's rise to power. This study examines several fables against the backdrop of ‘Le Loup et l'Agneau' (Book I, Fable 10), delving into why these specific poems were illustrated and analysing them in terms of discourse on power relations as defined in political, familial, and sometimes sexual, contexts. For the most part, the discourse on authority communicated in the illustrated fables portrays a kind of enlightened despotism that advocates centralized authority, but one that pro...
Complex Alterations in Serum Cytokines and Increased Il-4 Levels Characterize Patients Developing Chronic Thrombocytopenia after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

Isolated chronic thrombocytopenia (CT) following allogeneic HCT is associated with an increased risk of transplant-related mortality and a reduction in long-term survival. Although the pathogenesis of CT is not entirely clear, it has been speculated that immune activation and cytokine dysregulation characteristic of chronic GVHD (CGVHD) play a similar role in the pathogenesis of this disorder. To better understand the impact of endogenous cytokine expression on platelets, we analyzed pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the serum of patients with CT following allogeneic HCT, comparing levels to healthy donors and to patients with normal platelet counts after allo-transplantation. Serum was obtained from 3 patient groups; Group 1- healthy donor controls (n=12): Group 2- post-transplant from allogeneic HCT patients with normal platelet counts (n=31): Group 3- post transplant from patients with CT (n=11). Using micro sphere-based Luminex flow cytometry, serum was analyzed for levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α as well as Th(1) cytokines IL1-b, IL-2, IL-12, IFN-g and Th(2) cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10. Results: Both post transplant cohorts (Group 2 and 3) had higher mean levels of GM-CSF (110 and 120 pg/ml), IFN-g (17 and 16 pg/ml), and IL-12 (318 and 202 pg/ml) compared to their respective non-transplant (Group-1) controls (GM-CSF 23 pg/ml: p<.001; IFN-g 4 pg/ml: p<0.01; IL-12 60 pg/ml: p<0.05). Compared to group 2 patients, Group 3 patients with CT had significantly lower mean levels of TNF-α (46 vs 26pg/ml: p<0.03), IL-12 (318 vs 202 pg/ml: P<0.05) and IL-8 (83 vs 59: p<0.05). In contrast mean serum levels of IL-4 (43 vs 26 pg/ml: p<0.001) and IL-5 (51 vs 9 pg/ml: p<0.05) were significantly higher in group 3 CT patients compared to Group 2 patients without thrombocytopenia. When subdivided into groups based on the presence or absence of chronic GVHD, mean IL-4 levels were significantly higher in CT patients with or without CGVHD (33 and 44 pg/ml respectively) compared to post transplant patients without CGVHD with normal platelet counts (18pg/ml: p<0.05). In contrast, patients with CT with or without CGVHD had significantly lower mean levels of IL-8 (89 and 49 pg/ml respectively) compared to patients with or without CGVHD (200 and 126 pg/ml respectively: p<0.05) who did not have thrombocytopenia. We conclude that complex alterations in both pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines are involved in the pathophysiology of CT following allogeneic HCT; based on these data, studies investigating the therapeutic potential of IL-4 inhibition in patients developing CT might be considered.
Migrant organizations, transnationalism, and incorporation

This book is an important contribution to the study of migration, incorporation, and development. It addresses two key questions: What is the role of migrant communities in development processes in...
Generation of TiII Alkyne Trimerization Catalysts in the Absence of Strong Metal Reductants

Low-valent TiII species have typically been synthesized by the reaction of TiIV halides with strong metal reductants. Herein we report that TiII species can be generated simply by reacting TiIV imido complexes with 2 equiv of alkyne, yielding a metallacycle that can reductively eliminate pyrrole while liberating TiII. In order to probe the generality of this process, TiII-catalyzed alkyne trimerization reactions were carried out with a diverse range of TiIV precatalysts.
Micro-Benchmarking Considered Harmful

Measuring the time spent on small individual fractions of program code is a common technique for analysing performance behavior and detecting performance bottlenecks. The benefits of the approach include a detailed individual attribution of performance and understandable feedback loops when experimenting with different code versions. There are however severe pitfalls when following this approach that can lead to vastly misleading results. Modern dynamic compilers use complex optimisation techniques that take a large part of the program into account. There can be therefore unexpected side-effects when combining different code snippets or even when running a presumably unrelated part of the code. This talk will present performance paradoxes with examples from the domain of dynamic compilation of Java programs. Furthermore, it will discuss an alternative approach to modelling code performance characteristics that takes the challenges of complex optimising compilers into account.
Docosahexaenoic acid promotes differentiation of photoreceptor cells in three-dimensional neural retinas

Retinal tissues generated from human pluripotent stem cells can be an excellent tool for investigating pathogenesis of retinal diseases and developing new pharmacologic therapies. Moreover, patient derived retinal tissues could allow for retinal transplantation therapy for degenerative retinal diseases. However, obtaining retinal tissues with matured photoreceptor outer segments, which are essential for photoreceptor functions, is currently challenging. Here we investigated the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for maturation of photoreceptor outer segments at the late stage and visual chromophore analog, 9-cis-retinal for the early stage of differentiation to three-dimensional (3D)-retinal tissues from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), respectively. In the presence of DHA, differentiated 3D-retinal tissues demonstrated improved maturation of photoreceptor outer segments and increased number of photoreceptor cells compared with tissues without DHA. Increased mRNA expression of mature photoreceptor markers was additionally documented in retinal tissues cultured with DHA. Conversely supplementation with 9-cis-retinal failed to improve differentiation of retinal tissues perhaps due to chronic aldehyde toxicity. The current study demonstrated that the addition of DHA to culture medium can help promote differentiation of photoreceptor outer segments in vitro and utilization of this methodology may lead to future therapies for patients with blinding diseases.
Relativistically Invariant Lattice Theories

It is shown that quantum field theories on a Euclidean space time lattice can be derived which have the same S matrix (after analytic continuation to the Lorentz metric) as a relativistic continuum theory. The lattice spacing of the lattice theory is fixed; no limit of zero lattice spacing is required. It is proposed that (as already discussed by Migdal) a lattice theory be derived as an intermediate step in solving the asymptotically free color gauge theory.
Evaluation of wound healing effect of herbal lotion in albino rats and its antibacterial activities

This particular study emphasis on the in vivo wound healing and in vitro antibacterial activity of herbal lotions preparated from Ethanolic extract of Justicia tranquebariensis, Aloe vera and Curcuma longa. Each plant powder (10 g) was soaked in 30 ml of ethanol in a sterile bottle for 48 h at 4 °C. Herbal lotion formulation I (10%) and II (20%) was prepared. Antibacterial activity by Agar Well diffusion method for three medicinal plant lotions was tested against skin and wound pathogens, like Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The excision wound model was employed for wound healing activity in albino rats. Healthy albino rats (150-200 g) of either sex were taken for excision wound model. Animals were divided into four groups of six animals in each. The Group 1 is control. The Groups 2 and 3 animals were treated with 10% and 20% ointment of herbal lotion and Group 4 animals were treated with Soframycin that served as standard. All animals had free access to pelleted food and water. Temperature was maintained at 23 ± 1 °C. The results were expressed as mean ± SEM. Further sample tissues were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed and blocked with paraffin at 40–60 °C, and then sectioned into 5 μm thick sections. The significance of differences between the means was analyzed by student’s t- test followed by Turkey’s test. Complete wound healing was observed with lotion formulation I and II treated rats in 15 days as that of Soframycin ointment. These findings were further confirmed by histological examination of granulation tissue with a lesser amount of collagination and absence of inflammatory cells. The findings from this research indicates that the ethanol extract of Justicia tranquebariensis, Aloe vera and Curcuma longa are effective in inhibiting the growth of wound associated pathogen and faster the process of wound healing.
Coherent Bremsstrahlung and Free-Bound Transitions

Coherent bremsstrahlung—the radiation which is emitted by electrons while crossing a succession of crystal planes, and channeling radiation—emitted while the electrons propagate along a crystal plane or axis in an oscillatory fashion—represent two aspects of the same radiation phenomenon. Examples of recent research on these phenomena are given. The intermediate process involving free-bound transitions is studied here regarding its kinematics, radiation intensity, and polarization.
Leveraging Capabilities: Models of Foreign Production in the Taiwanese Automotive Industry

“Going global” by establishing or expanding foreign production capabilities has long played an important strategic role for firms in the automotive industry. Faced with high costs, falling profits, and loss of domestic market share in the 1970s and 1980s, American automotive firms turned to existing foreign affiliates for parts and finished vehicles, and bolstered production capabilities in lower-cost countries like Mexico and Canada. In the 1980s, the rising yen and growing trade frictions led Japanese firms to establish production sites in North America and Europe in order to protect market share in these regions. When crisis hit German automotive industry in the 1990s, extensive foreign investment allowed assemblers to spread design and development costs over much larger volumes, and spurred the globalization and domestic restructuring of German suppliers (Pries 1999). For automotive firms in each of these countries, expansion of global capabilities helped solve critical problems, and in the German and American cases, was an important component of a larger restructuring effort.
Understanding millennial learning in academic libraries: Learning styles, emerging technologies, and the efficacy of information literacy instruction

Millennials, or Generation Y learners, are one of the largest constituencies academic libraries serve today. Understanding how and why these technology-savvy students learn increases the efficacy o...
Homeogene emx1 is required for nephron distal segment development in zebrafish

Vertebrate kidneys contain nephron functional units where specialized epithelial cell types are organized into segments with discrete physiological roles. Many gaps remain in our understanding of how segment regions develop. Here, we report that the transcription factor empty spiracles homeobox gene 1 (emx1) is a novel nephron segment regulator during embryonic kidney development in zebrafish. emx1 loss of function altered the domains of distal segments without changes in cell turnover or traits like size and morphology, indicating that emx1 directs distal segment fates during nephrogenesis. In exploring how emx1 influences nephron patterning, we found that retinoic acid (RA), a morphogen that induces proximal and represses distal segments, negatively regulates emx1 expression. Next, through a series of genetic studies, we found that emx1 acts downstream of a cascade involving mecom and tbx2b, which encode essential distal segment transcription factors. Finally, we determined that emx1 regulates the expression domains of irx3b and irx1a to control distal segmentation, and sim1a to control corpuscle of Stannius formation. Taken together, our work reveals for the first time that emx1 is a key component of the pronephros segmentation network, which has implications for understanding the genetic regulatory cascades that orchestrate vertebrate nephron patterning.
The Case for Exploiting Underutilized Resources in Heterogeneous Mobile Architectures

Heterogeneous architectures are ubiquitous in mobile platforms, with mobile SoCs typically integrating multiple processors along with accelerators such as GPUs (for data-parallel kernels) and DSPs (for signal processing kernels). This strict partitioning of application execution on heterogeneous compute resources often results in underutilization of resources such as DSPs. We present a case study executing a mix of popular data-parallel workloads such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), computer vision filters and graphics rendering kernels on mobile devices, and show that both performance and energy consumption of mobile platforms can be improved by synergistically deploying these underutilized compute resources. Our experiments on a mobile Snapdragon 835 platform under both single and multiple application scenarios executing the aforementioned workloads demonstrates average performance and energy improvements of 15-46% and 18-80%, respectively, by synergistically deploying all available compute resources, especially the underutilized DSP.
Lossen Rearrangements under Heck Reaction Conditions.

The Lossen rearrangement of aromatic hydroxamic acids under Heck conditions affords the corresponding aryl amines while aliphatic and hetaryl hydroxamic acids yield symmetric ureas.