cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Applicability of Published Guidelines for Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Adults to Children with Restrictive Cardiomyopathy: An Observational Study

Guidelines for diagnosis and grading of diastolic dysfunction (DD) in children have not been established. The applicability of adult parameters of DD to children has been questioned by recent studies. Although normal diastolic parameters in children have been published, the data to support application of these indices for the non-invasive diagnosis of DD and quantifying its degree are still being developed. Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is the only recognized disease entity in children that presents with isolated, irreversible DD as the predominant finding. The aim of this study was to investigate the applicability of current diastolic indices used for assessment of diastolic function in adults as reliable indicators of DD in children with established RCM. Retrospective review of institutional clinical database for the period of 2002-2010 was performed to identify patients with RCM who had had a comprehensive echocardiographic assessment of diastolic function. The following parameters were obtained from apical four chamber view: mitral valve (MV) inflow Doppler early filling velocity (E), late filling velocity (A), deceleration time (DT), color M-mode flow propagation from MV to apex (Vp), Doppler tissue imaging derived early diastolic velocity E' and late diastolic velocity A' at the LV lateral wall at MV annulus, RV at the tricuspid valve annulus, septum, and LA area. All parameters were compared to age and gender matched controls using student t test. : LA area/BSA was significantly larger in RCM group than the control group, median 22.8 cm(2)/m(2) (range 16.9-28.6) versus 10.3 cm(2)/m(2) (range 8.3-12.3), p value <0.001. MV inflow E and A were lower, and DT was shorter in the RCM group (p = 0.04, 0.02, and 0.005, respectively). A wave was absent in 3 of 9 patients in the RCM group. Ratio of E to A (E/A) was not different between the two groups. E' was significantly lower at all three sites in RCM group; however, there was some overlap between the two groups. E/septal E' ratio was statistically significantly higher in RCM group. A' was absent either at lateral wall or at septum in five patients. 7 of 9 patients in RCM group had L' wave (at lateral wall or septum) defined as negative deflection during diastasis. Vp was higher in RCM group than in the control group 81.4 ± 44.5 versus 52.9 ± 10.9, p value <0.01. Combination of increased left atrial size, septal E/E', and lack of A wave and presence of mid-diastolic L'-wave are the noted abnormalities in this group. Individual cut-offs for Doppler indices have very poor sensitivity in identifying restrictive physiology. These findings suggest that poor LV compliance is the hallmark of restrictive cardiomyopathy in children even in the presence of normal early relaxation and ventricular filling. These findings support the need for development of guidelines for diagnosis and physiologic grading of diastolic dysfunction in children.
The bonding site location of chemisorbed oxygen on Al(100) from angle resolved secondary ion mass spectrometry

Abstract Angle resolved SIMS measurements of the azimuthal angle distribution of O− ions ejected from chemisorbed oxygen adiayers on Al(100) are compared with the predictions of a molecular dynamics model of the ejection process for oxygen chemisorbed at various high symmetry sites above an below the Al(100) surface. The molecular dynamics simulations predict that the angle distribution of ejected oxygen is very sensitive to the oxygen bonding site location, both with respect to registry with the substrate and distance above and below the surface Al plane. The experimental measurements show that the azimuthal angle distribution of the ejected O− ions is essentially isotopic for ejection at polar angles ranging from 33 to 65° (measured from the surface normal) with kinetic energies of the O− ions ranging from 2 to 20 eV. The measured O− azimuthal angle distributions are shown to be in agreement with the predictions of the molecular dynamics simulations only when oxygen is chemisorbed within or slightly below the surface Al plane at four-fold hollow sites.
THE CREATED CO-CREATOR: WHAT IT IS AND IS NOT

In this article I briefly assesses Philip Hefner's concept of the created co-creator by considering both what it does and does not claim. Looking at issues of reductionism, biological selfishness, biology and freedom, and environmental ethics, I point out strengths and weaknesses in Hefner's conception of the created co-creator.
SU‐E‐J‐141: A Patient Specific Anthropomorphic Breathing Phantom for Clinically Realistic Imaging and Dosimetry Studies

Purpose: This project sought to create a patient specific dynamic phantom setup utilizing 3D printing to fabricate realistic target volumes derived from planning CTs.Materials/Methods: The anthropomorphic phantom is a modified Alderson Phantom (The Dynamic Breathing Phantom by Radiology Support Devices). The original lung system was removed and replaced with a new foam rubber structure having lung‐equivalent density. Using patient CT data, tumor models were manufactured using a 3D printer. With the planning image set as a guide, the tumor was positioned within the anthropomorphic phantom to match the relative tumor positioning within the patient. The patient‐specific phantom setup was then imaged under both CT and MV fluoroscopy and compared to the previously acquired patient imaging. Results: These patient‐specific phantom configurations accurately reflect their respective patient's treatment planning CTs. MV fluoroscopy of the phantom demonstrated both accurate positioning when compared to patient DRRs and accurate recreation of respiratory motion as compared to 4DCT data. Conclusion: This patient‐specific anthropomorphic breathing phantom will allow for further realistic motion management studies with applications in both imaging and dose delivery.
Analytical Results for Miniload Throughput and the Distribution of Dual Command Travel Time

Abstract We determine the throughput, the maximum rate at which a miniload automated storage and retrieval system can process requests, as a'function of the dimension of the storage racks, the speed of the s/r machine and the speed of die picker. As a byproduct, we determine the distribution function of me travel time for a storage/retrieval machine that stores one container and retrieves another container (“dual command cycle”) before returning to the I/O point. Our emphasis is on obtaining closed-form, computable expressions. Handled by the Department of Scheduling/PlanningyControl.
Correction: A p53-independent role of Mdm2 in estrogen-mediated activation of breast cancer cell proliferation

Following publication of our article, the authors noticed that the data incorporated into Figure 4f was incorrect. The first column should be changed from 44, 13 and 46 to read 43, 13 and 44 instead. A corrected version of Figure 4f can be found overleaf.
Serum albuterol levels in mechanically ventilated patients and healthy subjects after metered-dose inhaler administration.

In mechanically ventilated patients, systemic blood levels of inhaled drugs reflect absorption from the lower respiratory tract alone since, unlike nonintubated patients, oropharyngeal and gastrointestinal absorption cannot occur. To determine the efficiency of aerosol administration by a metered-dose inhaler (MDI), we measured serum albuterol levels after administration by a MDI and spacer to nine mechanically ventilated patients (10 puffs) and to 10 healthy subjects (six puffs). Serum albuterol levels (+/- SEM) quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection were: 0.09 +/- 0.04 mg/ml/puff at baseline, 0.66 +/- 0.10 at 5 min, 0.98 +/- 0.10 at 10 min, 0.56 +/- 0.08 at 15 min, and 0.37 +/- 0.03 at 30 min in mechanically ventilated patients versus zero at baseline, 0.89 +/- 0.12 at 5 min, 1.27 +/- 0.13 at 10 min, 0.84 +/- 0.09 at 15 min, and 0.53 +/- 0.07 at 30 min in control subjects (p > or = 0.07 at 5, 10, and 30 min; p < or = 0.05 at baseline and at 15 min). Area unde...
Frame-accuracy synchronisation for mobile TV interactivity

Interactive applications for mobile TV are usually related to the audiovisual content, but not very precisely. In some applications, like object-based interactivity, where the user can retrieve rich media information associated to moving objects with just the direct interactivity by the touch screen of the mobile device, frame-based precision is required. As DVB-H transmits audiovisual content in MPEG-4 formats, the natural choice for adding rich content seems to be LASeR (MPEG-4 part 20) scene description. In this paper we present a mechanism to achieve frame-accuracy synchronisation between audio, video and LASeR streams. We also introduce its inclusion to an end-to-end system that implements the whole chain of creation, transmission and reception of interactive applications for mobile devices.
Inhibition of Human HT29 Colon Carcinoma Growth In Vitro and In Vivo by Swainsonine and Human Interferon-α2

Swainsonine, a plant alkaloid and potent inhibitor of Asn-linked oligosaccharide processing, has previously been shown to inhibit organ colonization by metastatic murine tumor cells and to inhibit the growth of transformed fibroblasts in soft agar. In this report, we show that swainsonine has antiproliferative activity against human tumor cells growing in tissue culture and as tumor xenografts in nude mice. The antiproliferative activity of swainsonine was additive with that of human interferon-alpha 2 (HuIFN-alpha 2) in cultures of HT29 colon carcinoma, SN12 renal carcinoma, and A375 melanoma cells. In vivo, the growth rate of HT29m human colon carcinoma tumors in athymic nude mice was reduced by supplementing their drinking water with swainsonine (49%) or by administering HuIFN-alpha 2 systemically (53%); combining these treatments reduced tumor growth by 78%. Combining swainsonine and HuIFN-alpha 2 treatments enhanced the activity of the interferon-inducible enzyme 2',5'-oligoadenylate [2',5'-oligo(A)] synthetase in HT29m tumors compared to that observed in tumors from mice treated with interferon alone. In vitro, swainsonine enhanced interferon-dependent induction of 2',5'-oligo(A) synthetase activity in low-density cultures of HT29m cells. However, swainsonine alone did not stimulate 2',5'-oligo(A) synthetase activity in vivo or in vitro, indicating that the antiproliferative effect of swainsonine is independent of interferon production. The results suggest that in addition to the previously reported antimetastatic activity of swainsonine, the plant alkaloid has antiproliferative activity that is independent from, but additive with, that of interferon in vivo and in vitro.
Simultaneous talk: Parallel talk among Filipino‐American students

Abstract This paper explores the communicative behaviours of Filipino‐American students during two meetings of their student organisation. The group was extraordinarily cohesive and talkative, yet physically still, with few gestures and little movement while sitting. Their talkativeness surpassed notions of overlap or interruption (Sachs, Schegloff & Jefferson, 1974; Bennett, 1981; Tannen, 1990). Simultaneous or parallel talk prevailed. The analysis of one minute of one meeting demonstrates this phenomenon. The field of communication provides extensive research on Japanese, Chinese, and Korean Americans, and growing research on Southeast Asian immigrants from Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. But there is a dearth of research on Filipino‐Americans—the largest Asian‐American group. To address this gap, students agreed to be interviewed and to complete a questionnaire regarding their backgrounds and their sense of ethnicity, the findings from which are summarised briefly here. Future research should utilise a va...
Iliac arterial conduits for endovascular access: technical considerations

PURPOSE: To describe the relevant technical details that have proved helpful in a 10-year experience using iliac access conduits. TECHNIQUES: Standard surgical techniques are used to achieve retroperitoneal exposure of the common iliac artery (CIA) via a relatively short oblique incision in the lower quadrant of the abdomen. On occasion, the distal abdominal aorta is the only reasonable or available target for anastomosis and conduit attachment. A left-side approach is preferred. A 10-mm-diameter Dacron graft is the best conduit because it provides enough luminal space for introduction of all delivery systems. The anastomosis is sewn end-to-side between the graft and the CIA using a running suture technique. After completion of the anastomosis, the conduit is exited through the abdominal wall via a small stab incision made just above the inguinal ligament, providing a smooth angle of entry that will facilitate introduction of the large devices to be passed through the conduit. Upon completion of the endovascular procedure, the iliac conduit is excised, leaving behind only a short stub that is carefully oversewn with a running propylene suture. After achieving perfect hemostasis, the incision is closed in layers using standard technique. CONCLUSION: Access challenges requiring an iliac conduit may also be overcome by direct puncture and repair of the CIA following retroperitoneal exposure, without attaching a conduit or retrograde endarterectomy via a femoral artery exposure, with or without subsequent relining with a covered stent. While such techniques may have merit, we continue to rely on the iliac conduit approach for all such cases.
Blood triggered rapid release porous nanocapsules

Rapid-release drug delivery systems present a new paradigm in emergency care treatments. Such systems combine a long shelf life with the ability to provide a significant dose of the drug to the bloodstream in the shortest period of time. Until now, development of delivery formulations has concentrated on slow release systems to ensure a steady concentration of the drug. To address the need for a quick release system, we created hollow polyacrylate nanocapsules with nanometer-thin porous walls. Burst release occurs upon interaction with blood components that leads to escape of the cargo. The likely mechanism of release involves a conformational change of the polymer shell caused by binding albumin. To demonstrate this concept, a near-infrared fluorescent dye indocyanine green (ICG) was incorporated inside the nanocapsules (NCs). ICG-loaded nanocapsules demonstrated a remarkable shelf life in aqueous buffers with no release of ICG for twelve months. Rapid release of the dye was demonstrated first in vitro using albumin solution and serum. SEM and light scattering analysis demonstrated the retention of the nanocapsule architecture after the release of the dye upon contact with albumin. In vivo studies using fluorescence lifetime imaging confirmed quick discharge of ICG from the nanocapsules following intravenous injection.
An assessment of the 1983 biennial survey

Abstract This article assesses the value of the Government Printing Office's (GPO) 1983 Biennial Survey as a tool to support depository library program planning and decision making. Based on overall criteria of reliability, validity, and utility, much of the data produced from the survey are inaccurate, misleading, and inappropriate both as a means to (1) describe the depository libraries, and (2) assist GPO and individual depository library decision making and planning. Recommendations are offered by which the Biennial Survey can be better designed, administered, and analyzed.
Theory of alloys. III. Embedded-cluster calculations of electronic spectra for a one-dimensional ternary alloy

By treating a small cluster embedded in an effective medium (described here by the coherent-potential approximation) we can reproduce the "exact" numerical frequency-distribution spectra of the vibrating-linear-chain alloy ${A}_{c}{B}_{1\ensuremath{-}c}$ with mass disorder. The theory is especially applicable to concentrations $0.05\ensuremath{\lesssim}c\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.95$ throughout the alloy regime, where other theories are quantitatively unreliable. Unlike purely numerical calculations, the present method can be practically applied to real three-dimensional alloys. The theory is valid for all concentrations $c$ and all mass ratios $\frac{{m}_{B}}{{m}_{A}}$; it satisfies the oscillator strength sum rule, and it reduces to the exactly soluble single-defect theory in the limits $c\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ and $c\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1$. Its greatest virtue is that it is computationally efficient, because it does not require large clusters.
Quantification of the effect of soil organic matter content on soil productivity

The positive effects of soil organic matter (OM) on soil properties that influence crop performance are well documented. But definitive and quantitative information of differential effects of soil OM contents is lacking for the northern Great Plains. The objective of this study was to quantify the contribution of a unit quantity of soil OM to productivity. Experiments were conducted on Williams loam (fineloamy, mixed, Typic Argiboroll) for 4 yr in the same field. The variables were soil OM content of the upper 30.5 cm together with all combinations of three postplanting soil available N levels (55, 90, and 125 kg N ha 1 as NO3-N to 1.2 m) and three water levels. Water levels were uniformly maintained with a trickle system that independently metered water to each plot for each soil available N level. Pretillering spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plant population decreased as soil OM content decreased in 3 of 4 yr. On an annual basis, highest total aerial dry matter and grain yields were associated with highest OM contents. The contribution of 1 Mg OM ha to soil productivity, across the range of 64 to 142 Mg OM ha, was calculated as equivalent to 35.2 kg ha for spring wheat total aerial dry matter and 15.6 kg ha 1 for grain yield. Loss of productivity associated with a depletion of soil OM in the northern Great Plains is primarily a consequence of a concomitant loss of fertility. View complete article To view this complete article, insert Disc 5 then click button8
The ER-positive/PgR-negative breast cancer phenotype is not associated with mutations within the DNA binding domain

We have used in vitro DNA binding assays as a measure of estrogen receptor (ER) function in human breast tumors. We found that the majority of ER+ (25 ER+/progesterone receptor [PgR]+, and 25 ER+/PgR−) tumors we examined were capable of binding consensus estrogen response element (ERE) oligonucleotides in this assay system. We found significant proteolytic activity in many of the tumors such that protease inhibitors were found to be essential during the preparation of tumor extracts. We next applied direct sequence analysis of the ER DNA binding domain of several of these tumors, and determined that the ER+/PgR− breast tumors did not contain mutations within the DNA binding domain which might explain their apparent discordant receptor phenotype. We did identify an alternatively spliced ER variant missing exon 3 of the DNA binding domain. This variant was unable to function as a transcriptional inducer of an estrogen-responsive reporter in a yeast assay system. Furthermore, the exon 3 ER deletion variant was expressed at equivalent levels in all of the ER+ breast tumors, so that it does not appear to be involved in the evolution of the ER+/PgR− breast cancer phenotype.
Notification of workers about an excess of malignant melanoma: A case study

In January 1991. NIOSH completed a retrospective cohort mortality study of 3,588 Westinghouse Electric Corporation workers who had been engaged in the manufacture of electrical capacitors. The study evolved from a NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation, which was conducted at the request of the Indiana State Board of Health because of its concern about PCB exposures among the Westinghouse workers. Life table analysis revealed a fourfold excess of deaths due to malignant melanoma. Though the workers were principally exposed to PCBs, the available exposure data did not lend itself to constructing an exposure-response curve that could relate PCB exposure to development of malignant melanomas. This was further complicated by the lack of substantial corroboration from other studies of PCB-exposed cohorts. Because of the magnitude of the malignant melanoma excess and the fact that malignant melanoma is probably more amenable to treatment and remediation than most other cancers, NIOSH determined that notification of the individual cohort members was a prudent and necessary public health action. This article describes the notification process from the time the decision to notify was made through the postnotification period. It details the interaction between NIOSH, the former and current plant owners, the two labor organizations that represented the workers at the plant, and the recipients of the notification materials. Scientific and other issues surrounding this notification effort are also discussed. A number of lessons were learned about the notification process; these are described for the benefit of others who conduct notifications. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Hartmann's operation

Hartmann's operation for rectal cancer is a term that has been misapplied. Complications have occurred when the rectal stump has been too long and the blood supply has been insufficient for clean healing. That is not what Hartmann described. His procedure was to transect the rectum and to close it at, or below, the peritoneal reflection, which is where the bowel is supplied blood by the inferior hemorrhoidal arteries. The rationale for this approach is discussed.
Zinc, low birth weight, and breastfeeding.

The article by Sur et al1 in this issue further emphasizes the value of both breastfeeding and an adequate zinc intake for infants. The notable contribution of zinc deficiency in infancy and early childhood to stunting2 and infectious disease morbidity3 and mortality,4 especially from diarrhea and pneumonia, is now well-documented in developing countries. In the study by Sur et al, zinc supplementation of low birth weight infants for the first year of life was associated with improved …
Teachers and Students’ Conceptions of Computer-Based Models in the Context of High School Chemistry: Elicitations at the Pre-intervention Stage

This study examined teachers’ and students’ initial conceptions of computer-based models—Flash and NetLogo models—and documented how teachers and students reconciled notions of multiple representations featuring macroscopic, submicroscopic and symbolic representations prior to actual intervention in eight high school chemistry classrooms. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 32 students and 6 teachers. Findings revealed an interplay of complex factors that functioned as opportunities and obstacles in the implementation of technologies in science classrooms. Students revealed preferences for the Flash models as opposed to the open-ended NetLogo models. Altogether, due to lack of content and modeling background knowledge, students experienced difficulties articulating coherent and blended understandings of multiple representations. Concurrently, while the aesthetic and interactive features of the models were of great value, they did not sustain students’ initial curiosity and opportunities to improve understandings about chemistry phenomena. Most teachers recognized direct alignment of the Flash model with their existing curriculum; however, the benefits were relegated to existing procedural and passive classroom practices. The findings have implications for pedagogical approaches that address the implementation of computer-based models, function of models, models as multiple representations and the role of background knowledge and cognitive load, and the role of teacher vision and classroom practices.
Grain-boundary contamination and ductility loss in boron-doped Ni 3 Al

The effect of heat treatment on ductility loss in a boron-doped Ni3Al was studied by tensile tests of alloy specimens exposed to contaminated environments. Specimens heat-treated extensively in evacuated quartz capsules at 1323 K exhibit only 3.3 pct ductility at 1033 K, whereas a previous study reported a tensile ductility of about 24 pet for specimens heat-treated in a high vacuum system. Aluminum oxide and silicon-contaminated regions were observed at and near external surfaces of capsule-annealed specimens. The reactions occurring during heat treatment are interpreted in terms of thermodynamics. An Auger electron spectroscopy study revealed oxygen penetration along grain boundaries during capsule annealing. Although the surface oxide layer and silicon contamination both contribute to some reductions in ductility, the major cause for embrittlement comes from oxygen penetration along grain boundaries.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein kinase K confers survival advantage during early infection in mice and regulates growth in culture and during persistent infection: implications for immune modulation

Mycobacterium tuberculosis serine/threonine protein kinases (STPKs) are key regulators of growth and metabolism; however, evidence for their roles in virulence is limited. In a preliminary screen based on comparative expression between strains H37Rv and H37Ra, six STPK genes, pknD, pknG, pknH, pknJ, pknK and pknL, showed higher expression in H37Rv. In the second screen, STPK expression was analysed in H37Rv-infected human macrophages. Interestingly, significant expression of pknK was detected only at 18 h post-infection, suggesting its involvement in early infection events. We have investigated the roles of PknK in vitro and in vivo. PknK levels were induced under stationary phase and deletion of pknK resulted in increased resistance of the mutant to acidic pH, hypoxia, oxidative and stationary-phase stresses in vitro. These results, together with the increased survival of the ΔpknK strain during persistent infection in mice, reveal a role for PknK in adaptive mechanisms that slow the growth of mycobacteria. A novel finding of this study was the inhibition of growth of ΔpknK strain during acute infection in mice that correlated with the significant upregulation of tumour necrosis factor as well as the simultaneous downregulation of interleukin-12p40, interferon-γ and induced nitric oxide synthase transcripts. Finally, we provide evidence for the localization of PknK during infection and discuss its implications in pathogenesis.
Mineral Requirements of Penaeus vannamei: A Preliminary Examination of the Dietary Essentiality for Thirteen Minerals

Diets containing a complete mineral premix or mineral premixes from which Ca, P, Na, CI, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, I, Se, or Cr were individually deleted were fed to juvenile Penaeus vunnamei (mean initial weight 79.5 mg) over a 4-week experimental period. Final mean percent weight gain ranged from 1,472 (Cu-free mineral premix) to 1,991% (Na-free mineral premix) with an average of 1,812% for all treatments. Survival during the first two week period and the second two week period was greater than 92% and 88%, respectively. There were no significant differences observed among treatments for growth and survival data. Upon termination of the growth trial, the hepatopancreas and carapace were dissected from the shrimp and evaluated for ash, Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu content. Of the minerals analyzed, the individual deletion of Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu from the mineral supplement resulted in reduced tissue mineralization in P. vannamei whereas, the deletion of Ca and P from the mineral mix did not produce significant responses. Deletion of Se from the mineral premix resulted in a significant increase in the ash content of the carapace. Based on the information provided by this and other studies, further investigation of the dietary requirements of P. vannamei for Ca, P, Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu and Se is recommended.
A 1-D Aquatic Ecosystem/Ecotoxicology Model in Open Channels

An aquatic ecology/ecotoxicology model has been incorporated into a one-dimensional modeling package for simulating hydrodynamic, sediment transport, contaminant transport, water quality, aquatic ecosystem, and ecotoxicology in channel networks. The model calculates water temperature, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, nitrogen, and phosphorus, and considers a basic food web structure consisting of four trophic levels: phytoplankton, zooplankton, forage fish, and predatory fish. It simulates the bioaccumulation of toxic chemicals in organisms and takes into account the effects of toxicity on the growth, grazing, and gamete mortality of the organisms. The model has been tested by simulating the water quality, aquatic ecosystem, PCB transport and bioaccumulation in the Upper Hudson River, New York, showing promising results.
Gender, Relationship Stage, and Sexual Behavior: The Importance of Partner Emotional Investment Within Specific Situations

This study examined the relationship of type of sexually instigating situation (partner behavior conveying emotional investment or not), relationship stage, and gender to self-reported likelihood of engaging in sexual behavior. Participants (200 female and 122 male college students) read scenarios describing partner behavior in eight hypothetical sexual situations. Five of the sexual situations were proposed to explicitly communicate a sense of emotional investment in the relationship, and three other scenarios were conceived as not explicitly conveying emotional investment. Emotional investment situations were hypothesized to influence likelihood ratings as a function of imagined relationship stage (dating or in a serious relationship), manipulated across participants. Situations not conveying investment were hypothesized to influence ratings as a function of both relationship stage and gender. In large part, hypotheses were confirmed. The few exceptions were consistent with other gender-role considerations related to trust and power.
The Ten Essential Public Health Services Model as a Framework for Correctional Health Care

Correctional health care is of interest to public health practitioners due to the highly vulnerable social and health characteristics of inmates, ex-offenders, and their communities, as well as the access to health care provided to them through the criminal justice system. The public health model for correctional health care has evolved from one concerned primarily with infectious disease control within the facility to a model of comprehensive health care that additionally recognizes the importance of providing continuity of care as inmates transition into free-living communities. The Ten Essential Public Health Services is proposed as a conceptual framework for a public health approach to correctional health care and is illustrated by application to a health care program for a large jail system in Jacksonville, FL.
Finding the Courage to Reconsider Medical Therapy for Stable Angina

Twenty-five years ago, care for patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease centered on the selection and titration of antianginal medications. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which was limited at that time to balloon angioplasty, was an alternative. However, the risks associated with the procedure and the rate of restenosis largely relegated it to second-line therapy for patients who did not have a response to best medical therapy. Fast-forward to the present. Coronary stents have revolutionized PCI and have reduced the rate of complications and the need for repeat interventions. This advance has markedly altered clinicians' thresholds for considering PCI. Now, the . . .
Ferrate(VI) oxidation of aqueous cyanide

The rates of oxidation of cyanide with Fe(VI) were measured as a function of pH and temperature. The reaction was found to be first order for each reactant. The rates decrease with increasing pH. The energy of activation was found to be 38.9 {+-} 1.0 kJ mol{sup {minus}1} at pH 9.0. The removal of cyanide by oxidation with Fe(VI) was studied at pH 7.5, 9.0, and 12.0. Fe(VI) removal efficiency was greater at pH 9.0 than at pH 7.5 and 12.0. At pH 9.0, Fe(VI) molar consumption was nearly equal to that of oxidized cyanide. Cyanate and nitrite ions were identified as the products of the reaction at pH 7.5. The experiments indicated 1:1 stoichiometric conversion of cyanide to nitrite ion at pH 9.0 and 12.0. Experiments were conducted to test the Fe(VI) removal efficiency of cyanide in electroplating rinsewater. The results indicate that Fe(VI) has the potential to serve as a reliable and safe oxidative treatment for removing cyanide in wastewater effluent.
A collocation method using B-splines for one-dimensional heat or mass-transfer-controlled moving boundary problems

Abstract A collocation method employing B-splines as approximating functions in the space variable and Gaussian quadrature points as the collocation points is developed for treating the heat or mass-transfer-controlled one-dimensional dissolution problems. It is demonstrated that this method provides an alternative technique which is considerably more accurate than the finite-difference method even at the very end of the dissolution process. The method presented here is first applied to the dissolution problem in the plane slab geometry where direct comparison has been made with the exact solution to assess the accuracy of the method. For spherical particle dissolution, the method is then compared with the existing finite-difference solution where it is shown that a more accurate solution can be obtained with considerably fewer equations.
Cyclo-Oxygenase-2 Gene Expression in Neurons Contributes to Ischemic Brain Damage

Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), a rate-limiting enzyme for prostanoid synthesis, is induced during inflammation and participates in inflammation-mediated cytotoxicity. Cerebral ischemia is followed by an inflammatory reaction that plays a role in the evolution of the tissue damage. We studied whether COX-2 is induced after cerebral ischemia and if so, whether such expression contributes to ischemic brain damage. The middle cerebral artery was occluded in rats, and the ischemic area was sampled for analysis 3–96 hr later. COX-2 mRNA was determined by the competitive reverse-transcription PCR. COX-2 mRNA was upregulated in the ischemic hemisphere, but not contralaterally, beginning 6 hr after ischemia. The upregulation reached a maximum at 12 hr, at which time a fivefold induction of the message occurred. Twenty-four hours after ischemia, the concentration of prostaglandin E2 was elevated in the injured brain by 292 ± 57% ( n = 6). COX-2 immunoreactivity was observed in neurons at the medial edge of the ischemic area. Administration of the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 attenuated the elevation in prostaglandin E2 in the postischemic brain and reduced the volume of the infarct by 29 ± 6% ( p < 0.05). Thus, cerebral ischemia leads to upregulation of COX-2 message, protein, and reaction products in the injured hemisphere. The data implicate COX-2 in the mechanisms of delayed neuronal death at the infarct border and provide the rationale for neuroprotective strategies employing COX-2 inhibitors.
The Histopathology of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva. An Endochondral Process.

In order to better characterize the biological features of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, we reviewed the histopathological specimens from eleven patients (twelve biopsies) who had a confirmed diagnosis of the disease. All of the biopsies had been performed in children, to exclude the diagnosis of a malignant lesion. In no instance was the diagnosis of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva considered before the biopsy. The results of a lesional biopsy in all eleven patients revealed normal endochondral osteogenesis at heterotopic sites. The results of biopsy of an early lesion in six children were misinterpreted as revealing a diagnosis of fibromatosis or sarcoma before the roentgenographic appearance of ossification. Immunohistochemical studies of sections of the earliest lesion demonstrated S-100 antigen positivity before the histological appearance of differentiated osteochondral tissue. The presence of congenital malformation of the great toes and of postnatal heterotopic endochondral osteogenesis strongly suggests that fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a disorder of defective induction of endochondral osteogenesis. This study established the predominant histopathological findings associated with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and can serve as a basis for postulation of a candidate gene in the pathogenesis of the disorder. A lesional biopsy is not needed to make the diagnosis; biopsy uniformly exacerbates the condition and should be avoided.
Managing a project's legacy: implications for organizations and project management

Organizations that rely on projects to implement their products must find effective mechanisms for propagating lessons learned on one project throughout the organization. A broad view of what constitutes a project's 'legacy' is presented that includes not just the design products and leftover parts, but new processes, relationships, technology, skills, planning data, and performance metrics. Based on research evaluating knowledge reuse in innovative contexts, this paper presents an approach to project legacy management that focuses on collecting and using legacy knowledge to promote organizational learning and effective reuse, while addressing factors of post-project responsibility, information obsolescence, and the importance of ancillary contextual information. .
Pediatric surgeons’ attitudes toward regionalization of neonatal surgical care

Abstract Background/Purpose Research has suggested that high-risk pediatric surgical patients have better outcomes when treated in resource-rich children’s environments. Surgical neonates are a particularly high-risk population and some suggest that regionalization might be a strategy to improve clinical outcomes in neonatal surgical patients. We conducted a national survey of pediatric surgeons in the United States to explore their attitudes toward regionalization of neonatal surgical care. Methods Members of the American Pediatric Surgical Association were asked to participate in an anonymous online survey to assess both attitudes toward regionalization, as well as perceptions of the importance of various resources in providing optimal care for surgical neonates. Results Overall, 56.2% of participants favored regionalization. Surgeons whose practice was part of a training program tended to favor regionalization more, as did those from larger group practices and those who practiced at free-standing children’s hospital. In addition, surgeons from larger groups and those involved with training programs more strongly favored the premise that a higher level of resource commitment should be available to treat surgical neonates. Conclusions The impact of any national strategy to improve neonatal surgical outcomes will be large and multi-faceted. While the majority of pediatric surgeons favor regionalization, our findings demonstrate variation in this view and highlight the necessity for surgeon involvement and education that will be critical in this effort.
The propositional challenge to aesthetics

It is generally accepted that Picasso might have used a different canvas as the vehicle for his painting Guernica, and also that the artwork Guernica itself necessarily represents a certain historical episode-rather than, say, a bowl of fruit. I argue that such a conjunctive acceptance entails a broadly propositional view of the nature of representational artworks. In addition, I argue-via a comprehensive examination of possible alternatives-that, perhaps surprisingly, there simply is no other available conjunctive view of the nature of representational artworks in general.
Intensity-modulated radiosurgery for childhood arteriovenous malformations

Purpose. Presentation of intensity-modulated radiosurgery (IMRS) for the treatment of inoperable, complex shaped pediatric arterio-venous malformations AVM.
Performance of a 3-Bladed Propeller Pump to Provide Cavopulmonary Assist in the Failing Fontan Circulation

Purpose. We hypothesized that a propeller pump design would function optimally to provide cavopulmonary assist in a univentricular Fontan circulation. Description. The hydraulic and hemolysis performance of a rigid three-bladed propeller prototype (similar to a folding propeller design) was characterized. Pressure and flow measurements were taken for flow rates of 0.5 to 3 liters per minute (LPM) for 5,000 to 7,000 revolutions per minute (RPM) using a blood analog fluid. Hemolysis testing was performed using fresh bovine blood for 2 LPM at 6,000 RPM for a 6-hour duration. Evaluation. The prototype performed well over the design operating range by producing a pressure rise of 5 to 50 mm Hg. Plasma free hemoglobin concentration remained less than 15 mg/dL. The normalized index of hemolysis peaked during the first hour, and then remained less than 10 mg/dL thereafter. Conclusions. A propeller pump has the pressure-flow characteristics and minimal risk of hemolysis and venous pathway obstruction which make it ideal for temporary cavopulmonary assist. This type of device has the potential to provide a new therapeutic option for patients with failing univentricular Fontan physiology as a bridge-to-recovery or transplantation.
Overview of Using Vignettes to Develop Higher Order Thinking and Academic Achievement in Adult Learners in an Online Learning Environment

This case study investigated the use of vignettes as a teaching strategy and learning activity of the Generative Learning Model in a hybrid online course. The Generative Learning Model, which consists of five main components: attention, motivation, knowledge, generation, and metacognition (Wittrock, 2000), was incorporated when requiring students to answer teacher-generated vignettes and to generate their own vignettes. As a result of using vignettes within the Generative Learning Model in a hybrid online course, two outcomes were anticipated: 1) enhancement of academic achievement and 2) higher order thinking . This study considered data from student work collected from the Instructional Techniques Course, GITED 631, taught in the Graduate School of Education at Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in the fall of 2003. Eight participants responded to teacher-generated vignettes, created diagrams and rubrics, created their own vignettes, and recorded their thoughts concerning vignettes in reflective learning logs. This research indicates that the use of teacher-generated vignettes can increase academic achievement, and that learner-generated vignettes can help students achieve higher order thinking.
DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN NEONATAL HEPATITIS AND BILIARY ATRESIA BY MEASURING SERUM-ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN

Abstract Using a qualitative Ouchterlony double-diffusion procedure with specific antiserum, α-fetoprotein (A.F.P.) was detected in the serum of ten of eleven infants with neonatal hepatitis, and was absent in the serum of seven of eight infants with biliary atresia. These differences were confirmed by a quantitative radial diffusion immunoassay, in which the peak levels of serum A.F.P. in neonatal hepatitis were significantly higher than in biliary atresia. An A.F.P. concentration of 4.0 mg. per 100 ml. (the approximate sensitivity of the procedure) or greater was regularly associated with neonatal hepatitis. A.F.P. concentrations remained high throughout the course of the hepatitis, reaching peak levels slightly later than serum-bilirubin or serum-transaminase. It is postulated that the compensatory response to neonatal hepatitis by the liver parenchyma is proliferation, retrodifferentiation, and renewal of A.F.P. synthesis. By contrast, the compensatory response to biliary atresia is proliferation of biliary tissue incapable of A.F.P. synthesis.
Blind channel estimation for CP-free OFDM communications systems

In this paper, a subspace method is proposed for blind channel estimation in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems over time-dispersive channel. By removing the cyclic prefix (CP) and training sequence, the proposed method is spectral efficient. By exploiting the block Toeplitz structure of the channel matrix, the proposed method increases the number of the equivalent received vectors which results in high data efficiency. As a result, the proposed algorithm is able to identify the channels using very few received OFDM data blocks which makes it possible candidate for wideband communication scenarios where the channel is time-invariant for only a few OFDM symbols. Computer simulations demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm over some existing subspace-based methods.
Using a single-item approach to measure facet job satisfaction

This study builds on the work of Wanous, Reichers, and Hudy (1997) by investigating the use of a single-item approach measuring facet satisfaction. Participants consisted of 207 employees from a variety of organizations who completed a job satisfaction survey containing the Job Descriptive Index (JDI) as well as a single-item which also measured each of five JDI facets. Results indicated that the single-item facet measure was significantly correlated with each of the JDI facets (correlations ranged from .60 to .72). Results also indicated that the single-item approach compared favourably to the JDI and in some cases accounted for incremental variance in self-reported job performance and intentions to turnover. Implications include the notions that single-item measures may be easier and take less time to complete, may be less expensive, may contain more face validity, and may be more flexible than multiple-item scales measuring facet satisfaction.
Gelation of Frozen-Defrosted Egg Yolk as Affected by Selected Additives: Viscosity and Electrophoretic Findings

Abstract INTRODUCTION AT A temperature of −6°C. or below egg yolk loses its fluidity. This change is irreversible and has been termed gelation. Several factors affecting this phenomenon have been established. The mechanism involved, however, remains to be elucidated. This physical alteration in egg yolk may be averted by super-cooling (−11°C.) or freezing in liquid air (−190°C.) and thawing rapidly in mercury at 30°C. (Lopez et al., 1954; Smith, 1962). The average freezing point for egg yolk has been reported as −0.65°C. (Lopez et al., 1954; Smith, 1954; Powrie et al., 1963). Freezing and defrosting rates and storage temperatures and time affect the degree of gelation (Pearce and Lavers, 1949; Lea and Hawke, 1952; Lopez et al., 1954; Marion and Stadelman, 1958; Powrie et al., 1963). On freezing and thawing of yolk, physical changes in the environment may be responsible for molecular reorientation (Lovelock, 1957; Fisher and Gurin, 1964). Water molecules…
Simply Soups Inc.: A Teaching Case Designed to Integrate the Electronic Cash Confirmation Process into the Auditing Curriculum

ABSTRACT: Simply Soups Inc., a producer of organic canned soups, has hired your firm, Putnam and Jacobs LLP, to perform a financial statement audit for the year ended December 31, 2013. Using the PCAOB's proposed standard on confirmations, you are to complete the testing of the cash balance reported by Simply Soups Inc. at year-end. Today, a majority of large banks require auditors to use electronic cash confirmation requests and, as a result, almost all large audit firms use them. When using electronic confirmation requests, audit firms typically rely on a third-party intermediary to provide a secure technological platform to transmit information between the bank and the auditor as well as to validate the authenticity of the respondent. In requiring you to electronically confirm cash balances using a third-party intermediary, this case provides an opportunity to improve your understanding of current audit practice, strengthen your technical knowledge of applicable standards, and develop the professional ...