cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Derangement of pituitary gonadotropin release with different GnRH pulsatile patterns in chronic intravenous or subcutaneous delivery

The efficacy of iv and sc chronic GnRH administration with different pulsatile patterns (15 μg every 90 min and 7.8 μg every 90 min with minor intermediate pulses of 2.3 μg every 22.2 min) by means of portable pumps were evaluated in a patient with primary hypothalamic amenorhea. Observations of the amplitude and duration of the induced serum gonadotropin concentrations, of follicular growth (via ultrasound), and of ovarian steroids were made. Iv delivery of GnRH, 15 μg every 90 min, induced a normal menstrual cycle. Dividing this dose, as described above, giving it iv and sc, resulted in inappropriate gonadotropin secretion (overstimulation and desensitization, respectively) and arrest of follicular development. Sc delivery of 15 μg GnRH every 90 min resulted in an insufficient LH stimulation.
The human impact of earthquakes: a historical review of events 1980-2009 and systematic literature review

Introduction. Population growth and increasing urbanization in earthquake-prone areas suggest that earthquake impacts on human populations will increase in the coming decades. Recent large earthquakes affecting large populations in Japan, Haiti, Chile and New Zealand are evidence of this trend and also illustrate significant variations in outcomes such damage and mortality levels. The objectives of this review were to describe the impact of earthquakes on human populations in terms of mortality, injury and displacement and, to the extent possible, identify risk factors associated with these outcomes. This is one of five reviews on the human impact of natural disasters. Methods. Data on the impact of earthquakes were compiled using two methods, a historical review from 1980 to mid 2009 of earthquake events from multiple databases and a systematic literature review of publications, ending in October 2012. Analysis included descriptive statistics and bivariate tests for associations between earthquake mortality and characteristics using STATA 11. Findings. From 1980 through 2009, there were a total of 372,634 deaths (range 314,634-412,599), 995,219 injuries (range: 845,345-1,145,093), and more than 61 million people affected by earthquakes, and mortality was greatest in Asia. Inconsistent reporting across data sources suggests that the numbers injured and affected are likely underestimates. Findings from a systematic review of the literature indicate that the primary cause of earthquake-related death was trauma due to building collapse and, the very young and the elderly were at increased mortality risk, while gender was not consistently associated with mortality risk. Conclusions. Strategies to mitigate the impact of future earthquakes should include improvements to the built environment and a focus on populations most vulnerable to mortality and injury.
Radical vaginal trachelectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for preservation of fertility in early cervical carcinoma

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to examine our experience with radical vaginal trachelectomy in women with early cervical cancers who desire to maintain fertility. Methods Women who underwent radical vaginal trachelectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy over a 6-year period are the basis of this report. Subjects were selected for this treatment on the basis of favorable cervical tumors and a desire to maintain fertility. All subjects were informed that this therapy did not represent standard treatment for early stage cervical cancer. Obstetrical and oncologic outcomes were evaluated. Results Twenty-one women underwent this procedure. The median age was 30 years (range 23–41); 14 were nulligravid and 16 were nulliparous. Mean tumor diameter was 1.1 cm (range 0.3–3.0). Mean operative time was 318 min, with a mean blood loss of 293 cc, and average hospital stay was 3 days. Three patients had transient neuropathy postoperatively. No patient required laparotomy. Two patients had completion of radical vaginal hysterectomy for an inability to clear the cancer with trachelectomy and 1 had postoperative radiation for high-risk features on final pathology. With an average follow-up of 31.5 months, there have been no recurrences. Three women have become pregnant: 1 woman delivered twins at 24 weeks, 1 woman delivered a singleton at term, and 1 patient had rupture of membranes and chorioamnionitis at 20 weeks gestation. Conclusions Radical vaginal trachelectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy permits preservation of fertility in selected patients. To date, with more than 150 cases reported in the literature, recurrence rates are comparable to those seen with radical hysterectomy.
Age differences in free recall and clustering as a function of list length and trials

To further investigate the relationship between age and multitrial free recall of categorized lists, 144 subjects learned a categorized word list for five trials. The basic design was a 2 × 3 factorial combination of list length (32 or 64 words) and age (young, middle-aged, and elderly). Both list lengths were composed of eight categories, with either four or eight instances per category. Lists were presented for five alternate study-test trials, and after a 20-min filler task a final recall trial was administered. Overall, young subjects recalled more words than did either middle-aged or elderly subjects, but the two older groups did not differ. Follow-up analyses of the significant age × list length interaction indicated that there were significant age differences only on the long list. While there were systematic age-related differences in recall, there were no parallel differences in clustering, indicating that although elderly subjects do use category-organization strategies during encoding, they do not benefit as much from those strategies as do younger subjects.
Carbene-stabilized main group diatomic allotropes

While transition metals are well known for assuming the formal oxidation state of zero in various compounds main group elements have rarely engaged in this practice. Recent reports of N-heterocyclic carbene-stabilized main group diatomic allotropes (i.e., Si2, Ge2, P2, As2) denote a breakthrough of zero-oxidation state main group chemistry. This Perspective addresses the synthesis and characterization of these highly reactive main group molecules, with a particular emphasis on the very recent progress in the reactivity study of carbene-stabilized Si2 and P2.
JavaFlow — A Java dataflow machine

JavaFlow is a systolic array of heterogeneous processing elements with two interconnection schemas configured as a two phase dataflow machine coupled with a General Purpose Processor implementing a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The processor is described and shown to offer an attractive solution to address challenges of locality, design complexity, power, and reliability in a Java application processor.
A Simplified Dynamic Model for Chilled-Water Cooling and Dehumidifying Coils—Part 1: Development (RP-1194)

Dynamic coil models are useful in the development and evaluation of feedback controllers and fault detection and diagnostics algorithms. Existing models in the literature have not been validated fully using experimental data and have not been evaluated in terms of trade-offs between model accuracy and computational requirements. This paper develops a computationally fast, distributed model for the transient behavior of cooling and dehumidifying coils. The model utilizes several steady-state performance indices that simplify dynamic modeling, including fin efficiency, air-side effectiveness, and water-side effectiveness. Predictions from the simplified model were compared with a detailed reference model and with other simplified models from the literature. Comparisons with detailed experimental measurements are given in a companion paper (Zhou and Braun 2007). The model provides very accurate predictions of coil transient performance and executes more than 1000 times faster than real-time on a 1.2 GHz pers...
Epigenetics and psychoneuroimmunology: mechanisms and models

In this Introduction to the Named Series "Epigenetics, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity" an overview of epigenetics is provided with a consideration of the nature of epigenetic regulation including DNA methylation, histone modification and chromatin re-modeling. Illustrative examples of recent scientific developments are highlighted to demonstrate the influence of epigenetics in areas of research relevant to those who investigate phenomena within the scientific discipline of psychoneuroimmunology. These examples are presented in order to provide a perspective on how epigenetic analysis will add insight into the molecular processes that connect the brain with behavior, neuroendocrine responsivity and immune outcome.
Comparison of upstream regions of X- and Y-chromosomal amelogenin genes

The amelogenin genes encode abundant enamel proteins that are required for the development of normal tooth enamel. These genes are active only in enamel-forming ameloblasts within the dental organ of the developing tooth, and are part of a small group of genes that are active on both sex chromosomes. The upstream regions of the bovine X- and Y-chromosomal and the sole murine X-chromosomal amelogenin genes have been cloned and sequenced, and conservation at nearly 60% is found in the 300 bp upstream of exon 1 for the 3 genes. A region of the bovine X-chromosomal gene that has inhibitory activity when assayed by gene transfer into heterologous cells includes motifs that have a silencing activity in other genes, and may be important to the mechanism that represses amelogenin expression in non-ameloblast cells in vivo. A comparison of sequences from three genes has led to the identification of several regions with conserved motifs that are strong candidates for having positive or negative regulatory functions, and these regions can now be tested further for interaction with nuclear proteins, and for their ability to regulate expression in vivo.
Competition between photodissociation and photoionization in methyl iodide

Abstract CH 3 I has a number of 5pπ → 6p Rydberg states which can be excited by two-photon absorption from the ground state. These two-photon absorptions have been previously detected by molecular ionization with a third photon. They can also be studied by observation of the VUV fluorescence from neutral photofragments (excited iodine atoms) following absorption of a third photon. Similarly it is found that absorption of one photon at 118 nm (10.5 eV) is followed by dissociation into excited iodine atoms as well as ionization. Iodine atom VUV emission is 2–10 times stronger from CD 3 I than from CH 3 I.
Microarrays for Pathogen Detection and Analysis

DNA microarrays have emerged as a viable platform for detection of pathogenic organisms in clinical and environmental samples. These microbial detection arrays occupy a middle ground between low cost, narrowly focused assays such as multiplex PCR and more expensive, broad-spectrum technologies like high-throughput sequencing. While pathogen detection arrays have been used primarily in a research context, several groups are aggressively working to develop arrays for clinical diagnostics, food safety testing, environmental monitoring and biodefense. Statistical algorithms that can analyze data from microbial detection arrays and provide easily interpretable results are absolutely required in order for these efforts to succeed. In this article, we will review the most promising array designs and analysis algorithms that have been developed to date, comparing their strengths and weaknesses for pathogen detection and discovery.
A grammar-based distance metric enables fast and accurate clustering of large sets of 16S sequences

Background: We propose a sequence clustering algorithm and compare the partition quality and execution time of the proposed algorithm with those of a popular existing algorithm. The proposed clustering algorithm uses a grammar-based distance metric to determine partitioning for a set of biological sequences. The algorithm performs clustering in which new sequences are compared with cluster-representative sequences to determine membership. If comparison fails to identify a suitable cluster, a new cluster is created. Results: The performance of the proposed algorithm is validated via comparison to the popular DNA/RNA sequence clustering approach, CD-HIT-EST, and to the recently developed algorithm, UCLUST, using two different sets of 16S rDNA sequences from 2,255 genera. The proposed algorithm maintains a comparable CPU execution time with that of CD-HIT-EST which is much slower than UCLUST, and has successfully generated clusters with higher statistical accuracy than both CD-HIT-EST and UCLUST. The validation results are especially striking for large datasets. Conclusions: We introduce a fast and accurate clustering algorithm that relies on a grammar-based sequence distance. Its statistical clustering quality is validated by clustering large datasets containing 16S rDNA sequences.
The use of partner-seeking computer-mediated communication applications by young men that have sex with men (YMSM): uncovering human-computer interaction (HCI) design opportunities in HIV prevention

HIV/AIDS incidence among young men who have sex with men (YMSM), both in the United States and globally, remains a public health priority. Using Activity Theory as a framework, and YMSM as a target...
Neuronal Desynchronization as a Trigger for Seizure Generation

Experimental reports have appeared which challenge the dogma that epileptic seizures arise as a consequence of neuronal hypersynchronization. We sought to explore what mechanisms that desynchronize neuronal firing could induce epileptic seizures. A computer model of connections in a mammalian hippocampal slice preparation was constructed including two recently-reported distinct inhibitory feedback circuits. When inhibition by interneurons that synapse on pyramidal dendrites was decreased, highly localized seizure-like bursting was observed in the CA3 region similar to that which occurs experimentally under GABAergic blockade. In contrast, when inhibition by interneurons that synapse in the axosomatic region was similarly decreased, no such bursting was observed. However, when this transient inhibition was increased, normal coordinated spread of excitation was interrupted by high-frequency localized seizure-like bursting. The increase of this inhibitory input resulted in decreased cell coupling of pyramidal neurons. A decrease in phase coherence was initially observed until seizure-like activity initiated causing a net increase in coherence as has been observed in epileptic patients. These results provide a possible pathway in which a decrease in synchronization could provide the trigger for inducing epileptiform activity.
Ascending aortic aneurysms: asymmetrical differences in aortic cross-sectional wall motion detected by epiaortic echocardiography.

Objective To evaluate in vivo cross-sectional conformational changes of ascending aortic wall excursion in patients undergoing resection for aortic aneurysm with those undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using epi-aortic echocardiography. Design A prospective observational investigation. Setting A single tertiary care university hospital. Participants Thirty-four patients undergoing elective ascending aorta resection and 23 elective CABG patients. Intervention In an open-chest model and with use of an epi-aortic echocardiographic probe, measurements of aortic wall excursion were made on the ascending aortic aneurysms. Control measurements were made on the transitional neck portions of the aneurysmal aortas (internal control) and CABG aortas (external control). Measurements and Main Results The aortic aneurysm measurements exhibited no difference (2.8%, p Conclusion This in vivo study documented a lack of asymmetric aortic wall motion in ascending aortic aneurysms. In contrast, both the internal and external control groups (aneurysm neck and CABG) demonstrated asymmetric wall motion. The lack of asymmetric wall motion may be an important aspect of aneurysm pathophysiology and key to the development of management strategies for timing of surgical intervention.
Treat People Right! How Organizations and Individuals Can Propel Each Other Into a Virtuous Spiral of Success

The article reviews the book “Treat People Right! How Organizations and Individuals Can Propel Each Other Into a Virtuous Spiral of Success,” by Edward E. Lawler III.
Primary culture model of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activity in prostate cancer cells.

BRL 49653 (rosiglitazone) is a thiazolidinedione anti-diabetic drug that activates the nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). Pilot clinical trials have shown evidence of therapeutic activity of PPARgamma agonists against prostate cancer. To more effectively use PPARgamma ligands to treat this common and generally chemo-resistant type of cancer, it will be necessary to better understand the nature of PPARgamma activity in prostate cancer cells. Tumor suppressor effects of activation of PPARgamma may include suppression of growth and/or induction of differentiation or apoptosis. We investigated responses of primary cultures of human prostatic cancer cells to BRL 49653. PPARgamma was expressed in all of the cell strains examined. BRL 49653 caused dose- and time-dependent growth inhibition that was associated with increased expression of the transcription repressor, transforming growth factor beta-stimulated clone 22 (TSC-22), and markedly increased expression of the secretory differentiation-associated gene adipophilin. Adipocyte-type fatty acid binding protein (aFABP), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), glycerol kinase (GyK), and beta-catenin, which are regulated by PPARgamma ligands in certain other types of cells, were not regulated by BRL 49653 in prostate cells. Upregulation of adipophilin coincided with morphological changes and the appearance of cytoplasmic vacuoles with ultrastructural features of secondary lysosomes. These results extend previous studies with established cancer cell lines and show that PPARgamma agonists can inhibit proliferation and modulate expression of secretory-associated genes in primary cultures of prostate cancer cells, further warranting consideration of these agents as pro-differentiating chemotherapeutic or chemoprevention agents for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Prediction of tautomeric preferences and pKa values for oxyluciferin and its constituent heterocycles

Well converged electronic structure calculations are employed to predict the relative energies of tautomers of thiazol-5(4H)-one/5-hydroxythiazole. Benchmarks established for this system are then employed to correct less complete levels of theory applied to the prediction of relative tautomer energies in substituted cases, including oxyluciferin. In the gas phase and aqueous solution, weak preferences for hydroxy and keto tautomers, respectively, are generally observed, but the magnitude is such that mixtures containing significant quantities of minor tautomers are predicted in most instances. The first pKa value for oxyluciferin is predicted to be 6.5, with phenolate tautomers dominating the anionic equilibrium. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of Phosphopeptides by MALDI Q-TOF MS in Positive and Negative Ion Modes after Methyl Esterification

We have developed an efficient, sensitive, and specific method for the detection of phosphopeptides present in peptide mixtures by MALDI Q-TOF mass spectrometry. Use of the MALDI Q-TOF enables selection of phosphopeptides and characterization by CID of the phosphopeptides performed on the same sample spot. However, this type of experiment has been limited by low ionization efficiency of phosphopeptides in positive ion mode while selecting precursor ions of phosphopeptides. Our method entails neutralizing negative charges on acidic groups of nonphosphorylated peptides by methyl esterification before mass spectrometry in positive and negative ion modes. Methyl esterification significantly increases the relative signal intensity generated by phosphopeptides in negative ion mode compared with positive ion mode and greatly increases selectivity for phosphopeptides by suppressing the signal intensity generated by acidic peptides in negative ion mode. We used the method to identify 12 phosphopeptides containing 22 phosphorylation sites from low femtomolar amounts of a tryptic digest of β-casein and α-s-casein. We also identified 10 phosphopeptides containing five phosphorylation sites from an in-gel tryptic digest of 100 fmol of an in vitro autophosphorylated fibroblast growth factor receptor kinase domain and an additional phosphopeptide containing another phosphorylation site when 500 fmol of the digest was examined. The results demonstrate that the method is a fast, robust, and sensitive means of characterizing phosphopeptides present in low abundance mixtures of phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated peptides.
Processes involved during incremental growth of the Jackass Lakes pluton, central Sierra Nevada batholith

The Jackass Lakes pluton (JLP), located in the central Sierra Nevada batholith, is a 98 Ma composite intrusion that preserves field, structural, and petrologic evidence of how incrementally emplaced plutons grow and evolve both spatially and temporally. In contrast to many other Sierra Nevada batholith intrusions, the compositional and textural diversity found within the JLP allows individual increments to be easily discerned in the field. Previous work has resulted in two different incremental emplacement models for the JLP. The first states that the JLP was emplaced and assembled via vertical diking or sheeting, some downward return flow along the margins of the pluton, and local stoping. The second involves replenishment by mafic sheets that may represent originally subhorizontal floors of an evolving magma chamber. We present new data and a model suggesting that the JLP (1) contains multiple, irregularly shaped intrusions of both felsic and mafic material that do not represent dikes or paleofloors; (2) magma increments were extensively mingled, both between and within intrusions; (3) records evidence of magma mixing locally and possibly at the intrusion scale; (4) has not been tilted; (5) has magmatic mineral fabrics that record superimposed regional strain, not emplacement-related strain; (6) preserves large metavolcanic pendants representing subhorizontal roof contacts; and (7) was emplaced by ductile deformation of its host rocks, return flow, and widespread stoping of older host rock and its internal increments. This model, based on field, structural, strain, thermobarometric, and petrologic analyses, elucidates that the JLP construction is considerably more complex spatially and temporally than previous models suggest, and highlights processes involved during incremental emplacement of plutons.
EFFECTS OF MATERNAL AND LARVAL NUTRITION ON GROWTH AND FORM OF PLANKTOTROPHIC LARVAE

Maternal nutritional stress lowers the organic content of eggs and slows the initial growth of larvae of sea urchins and bivalves. Also, larval nutritional stress changes the form and developmental sequence of larvae as an adjustment to scarce food. If effects of nutrient supplies in eggs were like those of nutrient supplies in planktonic food, then maternal nutrition would affect larval form and developmental plasticity in the same way as larval nutrition. We used natural variation in maternal habitat to test this hypothesis, using laboratory growth experiments. In the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, mothers from greater depth (100 m) had smaller ovaries and smaller eggs than mothers from shallower depth (<6 m), which indicated poorer maternal nutrition at depth. Effects of maternal habitat, gonad size, and egg size on larval growth rate were significant but small compared to the effect of abundance of larval food. The growth of larvae was little affected by differences in maternal habitat that had a large effect on fecundity and some effect on egg size. There were no effects on larval body or juvenile rudiment that resembled the developmental plasticity in response to larval food. Food-limited mothers did not produce larvae with larger larval feeding apparatus or retarded development of juvenile rudiments. Uncoupled morphogenetic effects of endogenous and exogenous nutrients should be advantageous where benthic and planktonic food supplies vary independently. Finely tuned responses to stimuli may restrict the evolutionary consequences of developmental plasticity. Because maternal nutrition did not affect form of the larvae, larval form can be used as an index of planktonic conditions affecting feeding larvae.
Behavioral and Physiological Response of White Sturgeon to an Electrical Sea Lion Barrier System

Abstract Action agencies have encouraged the development of a modified electrical fish barrier system to deter upstream movements of California sea lions Zalophus californianus as a means to reduce their predation on returning adult Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. within rivers along the West Coast of North America. Given that the barrier system does not discriminate which species will experience electrical shock, we studied the potential effects of the sea lion barrier on the survival, behavior, physiology, and injury of white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus. Fish subjected to acute electroshock had high survival (100%). Conversely, fish that became entrained within the electric field and therefore experienced chronic electroshock had lower survival (93%). White sturgeon altered their behavior by spending significantly more time avoiding the area over the barrier when electrical power was applied as compared with controls. Fish that experienced acute electroshock spent more time remaining motionless, p...
Explanatory Case Study of the Authur Pendragon Cyber Threat: Socio-psychological and Communication Perspectives

Cyber(terrorism) threats posted via social media are capable of devastating, real-world effects, including miscommunication and rumors, panic, and financial loss. This manuscript details a case study of the cyber(terrorism) threat that occurred at The University of Alabama on September 21, 2014, referred to as the Authur Pendragon incident. The Authur Pendragon threat led to a week of fear, social media hyperactivity, and the propagation of rumors, all of which reached beyond The University of Alabama campus. A timeline of the event, which includes social media posts, official University responses, and mass media coverage, are presented followed by an analysis of the case from both a socio-psychological and communications perspective. Recommendations for managing cyber threats and rumor mongering are provided as well as future research suggestions.
The New Versus the Old Legal Realism: “Things Ain’t What They Used To Be”

When we talk of a “New Legal Realism,” the obvious question is how it might differ from the well-known original movement. Can we say anything more than Karl Llewellyn did not have a website, but we do? Today, we do not face the legal, political, or social world of the progressive reformers, academics who attacked legal formalism, or the few who tried to do empirical research about law in the late 1920s and early 1930s. After forty years of the Law and Society Association, we can hum Duke Ellington’s Things Ain’t What They Used To Be. We do know much that scholars in the 1920s and 1930s knew, at best, only anecdotally. Nonetheless, if we review the histories of legal realism, we must realize that our great-grandfathers and grandfathers knew a lot more than we give them credit for. At the outset, my mention of grandfathers and great-grandfathers should remind us that we must add gender and race to the mix. The original realists who held positions of power were white males, and we can wonder whether this affected what they looked for and what they saw.
VALUE OF ROUTINE POST PCI FFR IN THE IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF ANGIOGRAPHICALLY OPTIMIZED STENTED LESIONS

Fractional flow reserve after stenting (FFR-S) is a predictor of adverse events. We evaluated the value of a routine FFR-S strategy for the identification and management of persistently ischemic lesions (despite angiographic optimization) after stenting. Clinical, angiographic and FFR
Effect of Bicarbonate and Oviduct Fluid on Respiration of Spermatozoa

SummaryThe stimulating effect of low levels of bicarbonate on the respiration rate of boar, ram and rabbit spermatozoa was studied using the oxygen electrode. Bicarbonate at levels of 93, 185 and 283 μ/ml was found to stimulate O2 uptake of boar sperm 17, 21 and 29% (P<.01) respectively. With rabbit sperm the increase in O2 uptake was approximately 14% (P<.01) for all levels. Corresponding values for ram spermatozoa were 16, 13 and 13% (P<.01). Without bicarbonate rabbit sperm respired at a rate of 33, boar sperm 19, and ram sperm 30 μl O2/108 cells/hr. These values are higher than those found with manometric techniques. Succinate significantly stimulated ram sperm respiration above bicarbonate controls. Swine and rabbit spermatozoa utilized significantly more oxygen in the presence of bicarbonate than sperm incubated in the presence of succinate. Additions of oviduct secretions from the sow, ewe and rabbit were found to increase O2 uptake by 18, 11 and 12% respectively over the maximum rate obtained with...
The APSA Confidentiality in Social Science Research Project: A Final Report *

In 1973 a research project was initiated by the American Political Science Association to investigate problems surrounding the establishment and maintenance of confidential relationships between scholarly researchers and research subjects. The effort was funded by the Russell-Sage Foundation and co-sponsored by all the various national social science associations.
Analysis of Kinetic Approach to Homogeneous Condensation in Water Expansions

A model of homogeneous nucleation based on first principles of the kinetic theory of gases, and developed for the direct simulation Monte Carlo method, is presented. Key parameters of the model, such as the binding energy and the heat capacity as functions of cluster size, are given for water and argon. For water, two datasets are used, one based on quantum calculations of heat capacity and binding energy available in the literature, and the other based on the present molecular dynamics computations. The model is analyzed using the thermal bath relaxation problem, and applied to compute the water dimer terminal mole fractions in circular orifice expansion.
Revision to Modeling Soot Derived from Pulverized Coal

The purpose of this paper is to address a number of concerns that researchers have expressed when implementing the soot model of Brown and Fletcher (10.1021/ef9702207). A more common notation is presented here along with a table of units for clarification. It is the hope of the authors that this notation and associated clarifications will facilitate implementation of this model. Alexander J. Josephson and David O. Lignell have been added as authors in this revision. Some equation and notation changes are presented in this revision. These changes are meant to reflect the original implementation of this model and correct a few minor inconsistencies in the orginal print. As a result, a reader may implement this model from the information given in this revision alone. Validation and simulation results have not changed from the original paper. For clarification, the steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier− Stokes equations for the conservation of soot mass, tar mass, and soot particle number (eqs 4−6 in the original paper) are changed by assimilating the gas density into the transport source terms.
Optimal Nutrition for Acute Rehabilitation in the PICU

Achieving optimal nutrition for a child who is receiving acute rehabilitation in the pediatric intensive care unit requires an individualized approach. Nutrition screening and assessment is necessary to identify children at high risk for complications who require targeted interventions. Early enteral nutrition can improve outcomes, and is thus preferred over parenteral nutrition in the absence of gastrointestinal contraindications. Measurement of caloric requirements with indirect calorimetry is essential to accurately prescribe nutrition support, while monitoring body composition can determine efficacy of nutrition therapies employed. The complex care of critically ill children receiving acute rehabilitation is composed of treatments that compete with delivery of prescribed nutrition. Repeated feeding interruptions can lead to nutrition deficits and prolonged recovery. Nutrition bundles that incorporate evidenced-based nutrition algorithms, methods to overcome nutrition barriers, and nutrition monitoring parameters can direct and optimize nutrition care for critically ill children in need of acute rehabilitation.
Why Study Continental Aquatic Systems

The study of freshwater science is termed as limnology. One of the truly exciting aspects of limnology is the synthetic integration of geological, chemical, physical, and biological interactions that define aquatic systems. Clean water is essential to human survival, and we rely most heavily on continental water, including streams, lakes, wetlands, and groundwater. Aquatic ecosystems provide us with numerous benefits in addition to direct use. Economic analysis of the value of clean water is difficult. Several factors such as the value of clean water for human use, the value of fisheries, and recreational use of aquatic habitats must be considered while evaluating the economic value of water resources. The global benefits of these uses translate into hundreds of billions of dollars each year. Estimates of the global values of wetlands ($3.2 trillion per year) and rivers and lakes ($1.7 trillion per year) indicate the key importance of freshwaters to humans. Intangible benefits include preservation of nongame species and native ecosystems. The study of the ecology of inland waters may lead to more sound decisions regarding aquatic habitats as well as provide a solid basis for future research.
Responsive Parenting and Child Socialization: Integrating Two Contexts of Family Life

Developmental and behavioral research traditions differ in their prioritization of certain interpersonal contexts. Developmentalists focus on what might be called the attunement context and investigate how parent responsiveness impacts child symbolic capacities and social behavior. Behaviorists, on the other hand, focus primarily on limit-setting encounters and how reinforcement impacts rates of coercive and cooperative child behavior. The present paper discusses parental attunement from a reinforcement perspective. It illustrates that child behavior is related not only to how parents respond to prior episodes of coercion and cooperation, but to a wide range of child social behaviors.
Dominant Optic Atrophy, Deafness, Ptosis, Ophthalmoplegia, Dystaxia, and Myopathy: A New Syndrome

Twenty-three members of a 96-member family exhibited an autosomal dominant disorder which has not previously been described. This disorder involves progressive optic atrophy, abnormal electroretinography without retinal pigment changes, and progressive sensorineural hearing loss usually evident in the first or second decade of life. In midlife, ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, dystaxia, and a nonspecific myopathy occur.
Using H/V measurements to determine depth to bedrock and Vs30 in Boston, Massachusetts

Abstract Seismic microzonation is an important step in seismic risk and loss studies for densely populated urban regions. Ambient noise studies using H/V measurements to determine the fundamental site period (FSP) can be an inexpensive and efficient method to map site effects for a microzonation study. Ambient noise studies are particularly effective in high impedance contrast environments like Boston, Massachusetts, where the soil depth ranges from 1 to 80 m and the soil (shear-wave velocity, Vs = 200 m/s) overlays hard glacial till or bedrock (Vs = 2000–3000 m/s). In this study, ambient noise data were collected from 570 locations in the greater Boston area. Nakamura's technique, taking the ratio of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of horizontal components to vertical components, is applied to determine the FSP. The FSP data are mapped across the region and show a consistent pattern with the local geologic and geomorphologic conditions. The FSP data are then paired with depth to bedrock and Vs30 drawn from 2403 boring logs and 25 Vs profiles (Vs30 is defined as the time-weighted average of the Vs in the upper 30 m of the soil profile). The depth to bedrock and FSP are correlated, as are FSP and Vs30 measurements. FSP/depth to bedrock and FSP/Vs30 correlations are reported with 95% confidence bounds for use in regional planning. The resulting FSP/Vs30 correlation is comparable with similar studies from high impedance contrast regions in Canada and Japan and show lower Vs30 for sites with FSP > 0.2 s (where the FSP predicts depth to bedrock > 18 m) than previously reported for the NGA-West2 database. The accuracy of single station ambient noise results is also confirmed with single-station and vertical-array earthquake spectral ratios. An FSP (~ 0.74 s) was calculated from ambient noise data at the Northeastern University (NEU) Vertical Array site in the Back Bay of Boston. At this site the sediment thickness is 51 m and is consistent with the FSP (~ 0.73 s) calculated for the site using earthquake records from the 2011 Mw 5.8 Mineral, Virginia earthquake. Overall, the outcomes of this study demonstrate that ambient noise studies can be used in high impedance contrast environments to reliably and consistently estimate the FSP. When the FSP estimates are paired with additional data such as depth to bedrock, Vs30 estimates, and recorded ground-motion data, the spatial distribution of regional site effects can be characterized.
Logistic quantile regression provides improved estimates for bounded avian counts: A case study of California Spotted Owl fledgling production

ABSTRACT Counts of avian fledglings, nestlings, or clutch size that are bounded below by zero and above by some small integer form a discrete random variable distribution that is not approximated well by conventional parametric count distributions such as the Poisson or negative binomial. We developed a logistic quantile regression model to provide estimates of the empirical conditional distribution of a bounded discrete random variable. The logistic quantile regression model requires that counts are randomly jittered to a continuous random variable, logit transformed to bound them between specified lower and upper values, then estimated in conventional linear quantile regression, repeating the 3 steps and averaging estimates. Back-transformation to the original discrete scale relies on the fact that quantiles are equivariant to monotonic transformations. We demonstrate this statistical procedure by modeling 20 years of California Spotted Owl fledgling production (0−3 per territory) on the Lassen National...
Abstract 154: Bridging to Warfarin With Direct Oral Anticoagulant Agents

Background: Anticoagulation bridging using LMWH remains a common practice to mitigate the Warfarin’s delayed onset of action. However, LMWH often creates resistance from patients given cost, fear t...
Aging assessment of discrete SiC MOSFETs under high temperature cycling tests

Silicon carbide (SiC) power MOSFETs have been becoming a strong alternative to silicon (Si) technology in high-voltage, high-frequency, and high-temperature applications. Despite their growing market share, limited field information is available regarding the aging facts under thermal stress and long term reliability of discrete SiC MOSFETs. In this paper, discrete SiC devices are thermally aged through a custom designed high temperature power cycling setup controlled by TI 28335 microcontroller. On-state resistance variation of devices is continuously monitored and stored in each cycle, while other electrical parameters are captured at certain intervals by utilizing an automated curve tracer. Variation of electrical parameters throughout the cycles is presented in order to assess their correlation with the aging/degradation state of the switch. The discussions regarding aging precursors are supported by structural changes obtained through scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) and cross-sectioning.
The major cellulases CBH-1 and CBH-2 of Neurospora crassa rely on distinct ER cargo adaptors for efficient ER-exit

Filamentous fungi are native secretors of lignocellulolytic enzymes and are used as protein-producing factories in the industrial biotechnology sector. Despite the importance of these organisms in industry, relatively little is known about the filamentous fungal secretory pathway or how it might be manipulated for improved protein production. Here, we use Neurospora crassa as a model filamentous fungus to interrogate the requirements for trafficking of cellulase enzymes from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi. We characterized the localization and interaction properties of the p24 and ERV-29 cargo adaptors, as well as their role in cellulase enzyme trafficking. We find that the two most abundantly secreted cellulases, CBH-1 and CBH-2, depend on distinct ER cargo adaptors for efficient exit from the ER. CBH-1 depends on the p24 proteins, whereas CBH-2 depends on the N. crassa homolog of yeast Erv29p. This study provides a first step in characterizing distinct trafficking pathways of lignocellulolytic enzymes in filamentous fungi.
The Darkness at the End of Life: Suicide in Palliative Care Settings

In palliative care, a death by suicide can be a tragic event. The evaluation and management of patients in these settings can be complex as suicidal ideation or intent can differ from a desire for hastened death, a request for medical aid in dying, euthanasia, or comfort care measures. There is still no clear consensus as how to manage clinical situations in this sensitive topic. In the evaluation of suicide risk in patients with a terminal disease, it is crucial to assess for pain and other physical symptoms, delirium and cognitive disorders, depression, anxiety, fear of losing control or becoming a burden to others, the patient’s current social support, history of psychiatric disorders and treatments, and spiritual and existential aspects. Often it can be helpful to address physical symptoms. The alleviation of a patient’s pain can affect the degree of a person’s suicidal ideation even to remission. It is important to evaluate psychological defenses and severity of psychiatric symptoms as well as possible existential concerns. In the management of this population, psychotherapy and somatic therapies must be considered. Dignity therapy and meaning-centered psychotherapy are two recent forms of psychotherapy that specifically address the particular circumstances of these patients. Compassionate care is essential. In palliative care settings, patients deal not only with pain and physical and depressive symptoms but with the existential anxiety of dying and, as such, facing the uncertainty of the unknown.
Serum vitamin A, zinc and visual function in children with moderate to severe persistent asthma

AbstractBackground: Asthma is a common childhood disorder with complex pathobiologic components that may include aspects of nutritional deficit. The contribution of vitamin deficiency, specifically...
13 Schools as Developmental Contexts During Adolescence

Considerable strides have been made in the past decade in recognizing the centrality of the cultural context of schooling to adolescent development. In this review, adopting a developmental systems conceptualization of the context of schooling, we focus on selected new research findings regarding how (a) teachers, curricular tasks and classroom environments; (b) aspects of the school as an organization; and (c) district policies and practices can influence adolescents' intellectual and socioemotional development. Keywords: education; schools; social contexts; teachers; classrooms; extracurricular activities; sleep; peers; social policy
UNIT A8.4 Spinal Inflammation

This unit presents a basic protocol for conventional and fast spin echo imaging of spine for evaluation of infections involving the CNS. The epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the frequency of CNS infections has been on the rise. An alternate protocol is presented for coronal acquisition that may be helpful to analyze the perispinal tissues for abscess formation.
Surgery for Stress Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse

The pathophysiology of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) has been traced to a deficiency of support at the bladder neck and mid-urethra. Several categories of surgical procedures have been introduced throughout the years to address the support weakness, with each operation having a wide reported range of anatomic outcomes and complications. While the definitions of cure vary and there is an overall paucity of randomized controlled trials, the pubovaginal sling and the retropubic mid-urethral sling have emerged as the procedures of choice for women with SUI. Pelvic organ prolapse likewise occurs due to a weakness of supportive tissues around the potential space of the vagina. Approaches to repair may be vaginal, abdominal, or laparoscopic, with robotic-assisted techniques rapidly expanding. Furthermore, techniques may utilize native tissue or augmentation with allografts, xenografts, or synthetic materials. In the anterior compartment, augmentation with synthetic transvaginal mesh leads to an improved anatomic outcome, while subjective improvement is similar to native tissue repairs. Objective and subjective outcomes appear to be similar for mesh-augmented and native tissue repairs in the posterior compartment. Mesh augmentation carries the risk of mesh extrusion or erosion.
The Dubin Graetz Wilde Model

In this chapter we review the model of Jeffrey Dubin, Michael Graetz, and Louis Wilde published 25 years ago. The importance of this work is twofold. First, the DGW model was the first and remains the only empirical methodology to separate and measure the direct and indirect effects of audit rates on tax compliance. Second, the DGW approach forms the basis of the empirical research presented in subsequent chapters
Are intra- and inter-basin water transfers a sustainable policy intervention for addressing water scarcity?

Water scarcity affects many countries around the world, and increases in severity over time as populations grow and climate change further intensifies. Governments and water regulators address increased water scarcity in a regional setting by introducing policy interventions, including non-structural, such as pricing mechanisms and quotas to affect demand, and supply management means, such as water storage and extraction. One of the most extreme policy interventions is to build infrastructure to move water from locations where it is abundant to locations facing scarcity. Such interventions are known as intra- and inter-basin transfers (IBTs) of water and have been quite frequently practiced in many river basins around the world in recent years. In moving water from one place to another benefits and costs are realized, some of which are private and some are public in nature. The objective of this paper is to discern whether or not the documented IBTs have been sustainable in addressing scarcity. Since very few quantitative cost benefit analyses are available for IBTs, we apply a variation of the QUAlitative Structural Approach for Ranking (QUASAR) method to 121 studies of documented IBTs within 40 territories and basins around the world, using five attributes of impact that were found to be associated with the transfers. Our findings suggest that the majority of the IBTs have been associated with overall negligible or negative impacts on the water-exporting regions, the water-transmitting regions, or the water-importing regions within the basins studied. Our findings also suggest that IBTs that were meant to relieve higher levels of water scarcity in the importing regions might be more prone to overall negative impacts.