cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of growth hormone-releasing factor and feed intake on energy metabolism in growing beef steers: whole-body energy and nitrogen metabolism.

Effects of growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) on energy and N metabolism in six growing Hereford x Angus steers were measured using a split-plot design with 4-wk injection periods within 8-wk intake periods. Steers were fed a 75% concentrate pelleted diet at two intakes (low: 50 g/BW.75 and high: 90 g/BW.75 as fed) and injected s.c. with saline or 10 micrograms/kg of BW of human GRF(1-29)NH2 twice daily for 3 wk. Measurements of energy and N balance were obtained during wk 3 of treatments. Diet DM digestibility (%) was decreased by greater intake (P less than .05) and increased by GRF (P less than .06). Treatment with GRF increased (P less than .01) N retention by decreasing (P less than .05) fecal and urinary excretion: N retention averaged 10.0 and 20.8 g/d at low intake and 25.9 and 46.7 g/d at high intake for control- and GRF-treated steers, respectively. Increased ME (P less than .05) in GRF-treated steers also resulted from decreased fecal (P less than .05) and urinary (P less than .07) energy excretion but was countered by increased (P less than .06) heat energy (HE). Tissue energy (TE), partial efficiency of ME use for TE retention, and estimated maintenance energy were not affected (P greater than .10) by GRF treatment. In summary, GRF treatment altered the partition of TE by increasing protein retention (108 and 80% for low and high intake, respectively) at the expense of fat retention.
Reversal of Sterility Due to Vasectomy

The vasectomized person who desires restoration of his fertility is encountered only rarely. Other surgeons have reported success in restoring fertility by various operative methods. A questionnaire to 1240 qualified urologists determined that 135 had performed the operation a total of 420 times with successful results in 160 instances (38%). In 1 of these successful cases the vasectomy had been done 18 years previously. 55 supposedly authentic cases of spontaneous regeneration after correctly performed bilateral vasectomies were also reported. The authors techniques using a binocular loop is to excise the scarred mass in the old vasectomy area. This involves removing a segment sometimes as much as 1 inch in length. A stainless steel wire is introduced into each cut end of the vas one end is brought out through the skin and fixed with a suture. The 2 freshened ends of the vas are then drawn together and stitched preferably with sutures through the vas sheaths without entering the lumen. Sutures through surrounding tissues are used to lessen the tension on the anastamosis sutures. A scrotal support is worn for a week. The intraluminal steel wire is removed in 7 to 10 days. Antibiotic drugs are given. The author reports 11 such anastamoses. Live spermatozoa have appeared in the ejaculate of 3 of 8 with pregnancy occurring in 1 case. No information is available about the other 3. A preliminary discussion of the operation explains possible results. A signed permission is advised.
Overview of research on potential proteins for malaria vaccines and their antigenicity

Plasmodiumhas a complex structure and consists of numerous proteins.Vaccines have been developed based on the characteristics of each protein,but their use is limited.This paper focuses on the structure and function of Plasmodium falciparumerythrocyte membrane protein 1(PfEMP1),Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance protein 1(PfMRP1),and Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein 1(HPR-Ⅰ)and this paper summarizes the current state of their use as potential vaccine antigens,immunodiagnostic antigens,or target antigens of drugs.
Nanostructured Au–CeO2 Catalysts for Low-Temperature Water–Gas Shift

The composite system of nanostructured gold and cerium oxide, with a gold loading 5–8 wt%, is reported in this work as a very good catalyst for low-temperature water–gas shift. Activity depends largely on the presence of nanosized ceria particles. Various techniques of preparation of an active catalyst are disscussed. The presence of gold is crucial for activity below 300°C. A dramatic effect of gold on the reducibility of the surface oxygen of ceria is found by H2-TPR, from 310–480°C to 25–110°C. All of the available surface oxygen was reduced, while there was no effect on the bulk oxygen of ceria. This correlates well with the shift activity of the Au–ceria system.
Application of"Cloud security"in Anti-virus Software

"Cloud Computing"is the development of distributed processing,parallel processing and grid computing. Some anti-virus Vendors applies the"cloud computing"model in their own security solutions,and name it as"cloud computing".This paper describes the concept and principle of"cloud computing"and"cloud security",discusses the trend of IT companies,the applications Kingsoft and Rising"cloud security"systems.
Membrane interactions with calcium oxalate crystals: variation in hemolytic potentials with crystal morphology.

AbstractCrystal-induced membranolysis of human red blood cells has been quantltated for calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals. Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals are significantly more membranolytic than calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals at constant surface area. If the crystal morphology of calcium oxalate monohydrate is altered by grinding, the lytic potential at constant surface area is markedly reduced. However, altered calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals are as lytic as natural calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals at constant surface area. Differences in the calcium oxalate monohydrate and dihydrate crystal structures, specifically the structural characteristics of the disordered water channel in calcium oxalate dihydrate, can explain these different membranolytic characteristics.
AB0185 Nano-Emulsified Curcumin (NEC), a Patented Anti-Inflammatory Nutraceutical Compound Developed At Ohio State, Reduces Renal Pathology in an Animal Model of Lupus Nephritis

Background Curcumin is the bioactive component of turmeric and has been used as a nutraceutical for centuries in Eastern medicine to suppress inflammation. Although many molecular targets have been identified in vitro , the inability to successfully translate curcumin clinically results from inadaquete bioavailability. Specifically, curcumin is not absorbed well in the intestinal tract due to its limited solubility and is metabolized rapidly. A pharmacological research team at Ohio State recently developed a novel formulation of nano-emulsified curcumin (NEC), which was shown to enhance bioavailability by 10.5-fold. Using this compound, our laboratory demonstrated that orally administered NEC suppresses inflammatory responses by inhibiting macrophage infiltration using several models of acute inflammation. Currently, orally administered NEC is being evaluated in a human clinical trial at Ohio State investigating inflammation associated with carcinogenesis in clinically obese patients with breast cancer. Objectives To determine the therapeutic potential of NEC in the treatment of chronic inflammation, NEC was supplied to drinking water in an animal model of lupus nephritis. Methods NZM2410 mice spontaneously develop severe glomerulonephritis at 22-40 weeks of age and are commonly used as an animal model of lupus nephritis. Mice were supplied approximately 40 mg/kg/day NEC in their water bottles ad libitum beginning at 18 weeks of age. Overall health was assessed weekly by weight measurements and kidney function was gauged by weekly blood urea nitrogen (BUN) testing from serum isolated following submandibular bleeding. Endpoint removal criteria was defined by a threshold of 20% weight loss and a BUN level reaching above 50 mg/dL. Results Increased BUN levels positively correlated with the loss of weight in each mouse during disease progression. While only 62% of the mice in the control group had maintained BUN levels under 50 mg/dL and not lost more than 20% body weight at the 40 week time point, none of the mice receiving NEC met the increased BUN level or weight loss criteria throughout the duration of the study. Conclusions Daily intake of NEC can mitigate the pathology associated with glomerulonephritis in this model, which suggests that NEC does indeed have therapeutic potential in treating the chronic inflammation associated with lupus nephritis as well as other autoimmune diseases. Ongoing work on this project will include proinflammatory cytokine analysis and immunohistochemical evaluation of glomerular infiltrates. References Young, N.A., et al., Oral Administration of Nano-Emulsion Curcumin in Mice Suppresses Inflammatory-Induced NFkappaB Signaling and Macrophage Migration. PLoS One, 2014. 9(11): p. e111559. Acknowledgements Funding for this work was provided through the Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio StateUniversity. Disclosure of Interest None declared
The Mechanism of Tongue Projection in Chameleons: II. Role of Shape Change in a Muscular Hydrostat

In this paper we investigate the interaction between the accelerator muscle (the muscle that powers tongue projection) and the entoglossal process (the tongue's skeletal support) that occurs during tongue projection in chamaeleonid lizards. Previous work has shown that there is a delay of about 185 ms between the onset of accelerator muscle activity and the onset of tongue projection. In conjunction with anatomical observations, in vitro preparations of the accelerator muscle mounted on isolated entoglossal and surrogate processes were stimulated tetanically, and the resulting movements were recorded on video at 200 fields s−1. Three results indicate that morphological features of the entoglossus and the accelerator muscle delay the onset of tongue projection following the onset of accelerator contraction: (1) the entoglossus is parallel-sided along the posterior 90% of its shaft, only tapering at the very tip, (2) the sphincter-like portion of the accelerator muscle, which effects tongue projection, makes up the posterior 63% of the muscle and does not contact the tapered region of the entoglossus at rest, and (3) accelerator muscles mounted on the entoglossus undergo longitudinal extension and lateral constriction for 83 ms following the onset of electrical stimulation, before projecting off the entoglossus. It is proposed that, during elongation of the accelerator muscle, the sphincter-like region ultimately comes into contact with the tapered region of the entoglossus, causing the onset of projection. This conclusion is supported by the observation that the time between the onset of stimulation and the onset of projection was longer in preparations with surrogate entoglossal processes that had no tapered tip and shorter with surrogate processes that had a tapered tip about four times as long as the natural entoglossus. Tetanically stimulated accelerator muscles reached 90% of peak force 110 ms after the onset of stimulation, indicating that the 185 ms delay between the onset of accelerator activity and the onset of projection seen in vivo allows the accelerator to achieve peak force prior to the onset of projection. Thus, the delay in projection may be crucial in maximizing the acceleration and velocity achieved by the projected chameleon tongue.
How Sound Is the Science? Applying Daubert to Biomechanical Experts' Injury Causation Opinions

Table of contentsI. Introduction 1064II. Background 1068A. Biomechanics in Litigation 1069III. Rules Governing the Admissibility of Expert Testimony 1071A. The Frye "General Acceptance" Test 1071B. Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals: The Current Standard 10721. Expert Qualifications 10732. Reliable Methods 10743. Relevance 1075IV. Biomechanical Expert Qualifications 1076A. Typical Education, Experience, Skill, and Training 1076B. An Emerging Distinction Between General and Specific Causation 1078C. Toxicology and Biomechanics: An Analogy 1080D. The Smelser Rule: Specific Causation Opinions Require Medical Expertise 1081E. Clarifying the Distinction Between General and Specific Causation 1083F. Eskin v. Carden: An Alternative to the Smelser Approach 1087G. The Smelser Rule is the Best Approach to Biomechanical Expert Qualifications 1088V. The Reliability of Biomechanical Methodologies 1089A. A Basic Overview of Forensic Biomechanics 1090B. Accident Reconstruction 1091C. Simulation of Occupant Kinematics 10921. Computer Model Validity and Peer Review......10932. Error Rate and the ?Fit? of a Simulation to the Facts of a Case 1093D. Comparison to Documented Injury Thresholds......10961. Explaining Biomechanical Injury Thresholds 10962. Examining the Reliability of Injury Causation Opinions Based on Injury Thresholds 1097a. Testability 1098b. Peer Review 1099c. Error Rate 1101d. Advisory Committee Notes Factors 11033. Examining the Reliability of General Injury Causation Opinions 1106a. Opinions Ruling Out Causation Based on ?Activities of Daily Living? Theories 1106(1)Problems with Establishing Implausibility 1107(2)Examining the Validity of ?Activities of Daily Living? Studies 1108b. Opinions Ruling Out Causation Based on Mechanisms of Injury 1110VI. The Helpfulness and Relevance of General Causation Opinions 1111VII. A Proposal: The Role of Biomechanical Expert Testimony in the Courtroom 1113VIII. Conclusion 1115I. IntroductionMelinda Crandall was stopped at a freeway metering light when she was rear-ended by a teenage driver.1 At forty-five, Mrs. Crandall was a recovering quadriplegic with two cervical fusions from prior injuries.2 Mrs. Crandall was in immediate distress, and paramedics rushed her to a hospital.3 Beginning the day of the accident, Mrs. Crandall complained of new pain in her head and neck that made her nauseous and caused severe and frequent vomiting. …
Self‐Control in Childhood: A Synthesis of Perspectives and Focus on Early Development

In this article, I describe three prominent developmental science perspectives on self-control in childhood, discuss differences and areas of consensus, and suggest a comprehensive, early integrative approach to research on this topic. The self-control perspectives are the self-regulatory concepts of delay of gratification and willpower, the cognitive neuroscience executive functioning construct of inhibitory control (IC), and the behavioral and emotional temperament dimensions of effortful control and IC. The primary focus of these approaches is similar, and differences are based largely on theory, methods, and the age of the children studied. Therefore, I agree with a synthesis of these perspectives championed by other developmental scientists, and propose comprehensive, multitheoretical, multimethod empirical study that begins when self-control emerges in toddlerhood.
Combining multiple algorithms for portfolio management using combinatorial fusion

Several financial indicators or attributes are used to evaluate the performance of stocks when constructing and managing a portfolio. It is advantageous to utilize multiple algorithms for analyzing and combining these financial indicators, instead of using and optimizing a single algorithm. In this paper, we use the recently developed Combinatorial Fusion Analysis (CFA) to improve portfolio performance at both the attribute level and at the algorithm level. The first phase employs the following algorithms for attribute selection and combination: multiple regression, random forest, support vector machines, and neural networks, and combinatorial fusion according to either diversity strength or performance strength. The second phase involves combining the outputs from these multiple algorithms, using both score and rank combination. Our results suggest that different systems may be preferable for different portfolio sizes. Our results also directly demonstrate that combinatorial fusion can improve portfolio performance.
Does Risk Disclosure Signal Risk Management Outcome? An Examination of the SEC FRR No. 48 Disclosure’s Relation with Cash Flow Volatility

We hypothesize that the quality of market risk disclosure mandated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Financial Reporting Release No. 48 (FRR No. 48) provides useful signals for predicting risk management outcome. Measuring risk disclosure quality as the degree of modification, we find that higher-than-expected disclosure modification is associated with lower future cash flow volatility. On average, an increase in risk disclosure modification from the lowest to the highest decile is associated with a 4.4 percent decrease in cash flow volatility. We further document that this association is moderated by managers’ intention to manage risk. The market generally understands the implications of disclosure modification with respect to cash flow volatility, but its understanding has limitations. Our results should be of interest to those who seek to assess how a firm’s cash flows will fluctuate in the future.
Appraising the scoring performance of automated essay scoring systems—Some additional considerations: Which essays? Which human raters? Which scores?

The literature on Automated Essay Scoring (AES) systems has provided useful validation frameworks for any assessment that includes AES scoring. Furthermore, evidence for the scoring fidelity of AES...
Digital piracy, technology, the legal system and computing education

Technology is evolving at an incredible pace, regularly outpacing the evolution of law. The law, by nature is reactive, and thus the legal system finds itself often unprepared to handle the novel technological innovations. Further prohibiting the adequate advancement of the law, many legal practitioners lack the requisite technical knowledge to accurately argue existing laws or to craft new laws that sufficiently respond to technological innovation. This lack of understanding leads to misapplication of the law and inappropriate hindrance of technology. This paper briefly examines the origin and evolution of Copyright law in the United States, together with efforts to stem digital piracy. It then details the development of an educational module focused on user education on copyright and intellectual property that can be deployed in introductory computing courses or provided as resource to legal professionals.
Author response: High frequency of gastrointestinal manifestations in myotonic dystrophy type 1 and type 2

We thank Silvestri et al. for their interest in our study,1 and for the observation that oropharyngeal-esophageal scintigraphy frequently shows delayed esophageal transit in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1).2 We agree that tongue weakness is a common finding in patients with DM1.
Inhibition of miR-141-3p Ameliorates the Negative Effects of Poststroke Social Isolation in Aged Mice.

Background and Purpose— Social isolation increases mortality and impairs recovery after stroke in clinical populations. These detrimental effects have been recapitulated in animal models, although ...
“To Bring Alexandria to Oxford:” Henry Savile’s 1570 Lectures on Ptolemy

The most substantial reaction to Ramus’s histories of mathematics came from an unexpected quarter. In September 1570, a young Oxford master, Henry Savile, began to deliver a series of ordinary lectures on astronomy – “ordinary” because they were structured around the orderly reading of a text, but in every other respect quite out of the ordinary. They brought the 20-year-old lecturer local fame, and were to be remembered as one of the notable academic events in Elizabethan Oxford.
Molecular Determinants in Autoimmunity

Many theories have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. From epidemiologic studies the occurrence of disease can be associated with genetic and environmental factors (reviewed by 1). Some of the environmental factors include infectious agents (37). Thus far, many agents including a whole host of viruses have been implicated, however, none have been shown definitively to be the causative agent (2–4, 12, 19, 21, 25, 29, 31, 41, 44). In addition, immunologic factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis (30). Along this premise some investigators have been using immunosuppressive regimes to modify the course of the disease (reviewed by 10). These studies have suggested modest improvement in some of the patients. Several models have been put forth to delineate the role of virus and immune responses in reproducing the observed pathologic features of multiple sclerosis.
Sexual side effects of antihypertensive drugs. Treatment strategies and strictures.

PreviewAlthough not all sexual dysfunctions in patients receiving an antihypertensive medication are attributable to the drug, many are. The author advocates accepting a patient's report of such dysfunction without challenge, and assuming, at least initially, that the drug is at fault. He has found that systematic modification of the drug regimen eliminates the side effect or reduces its severity in most cases.
NIR-II fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green nanoparticles.

Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) holds promise for real-time deep tissue imaging. In this work, we investigated the NIR-II fluorescence properties of a liposomal formulation of indocyanine green (ICG), a FDA-approved dye that was recently shown to exhibit NIR-II fluorescence. Fluorescence spectra of liposomal-ICG were collected in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and plasma. Imaging studies in an Intralipid® phantom were performed to determine penetration depth. In vivo imaging studies were performed to test real-time visualization of vascular structures in the hind limb and intracranial regions. Free ICG, NIR-I imaging, and cross-sectional imaging modalities (MRI and CT) were used as comparators. Fluorescence spectra demonstrated the strong NIR-II fluorescence of liposomal-ICG, similar to free ICG in plasma. In vitro studies demonstrated superior performance of liposomal-ICG over free ICG for NIR-II imaging of deep (≥4 mm) vascular mimicking structures. In vivo, NIR-II fluorescence imaging using liposomal-ICG resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) higher contrast-to-noise ratio compared to free ICG for extended periods of time, allowing visualization of hind limb and intracranial vasculature for up to 4 hours post-injection. In vivo comparisons demonstrated higher vessel conspicuity with liposomal-ICG-enhanced NIR-II imaging compared to NIR-I imaging.
Implementation of a Molecular Tumor Board at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center: the impact on treatment decisions over a two year period.

e23168Background: Genetic profiling of tumors is quickly increasing as are trials targeting genetic alterations. Furthermore, genetic alterations are a relatively permanent part of a tumor profile,...
Intelligibility of Long-Distance Emergency Calling

Summary Objective This study examined the identification of emergency calling across distance without electronic assistance, as in the event of an electric grid black-out or being stranded in the wilderness. Methods Fifteen participants were callers and forty-one participants were recorders. Ten callers underwent an hour-long training in how to produce vocally healthy loud phonation, as well as, yodeled calls. Outdoors, the callers individually called out a set of single and multisyllable words, either yodeled or nonyodeled. Recorders and sound level meters were placed at four distances from the caller and were asked to select the called word as part of a closed-set identification task. Results Distances greater than 100 m had significantly reduced call identification. Caller sex did not yield statistically significant differences in call identification at any distance. Participation in training only yielded a statistically significant difference in call identification at 170 m. For distances greater than 25 m, multisyllabic words were significantly better identified than single syllable words. Nonyodeled calls had a higher score by a statistically significant amount for ranges above 50 m than yodeled calls. Yodeled calls were found to have a greater sound level than nonyodeled calls at greater distances. The study results were consistent with the inverse square law. Conclusions Even a small amount of training can provide improvement in identification at long distances. Multisyllable words provide better identification than single syllable identification at distances beyond 25 m. Future research is recommended, focusing particularly on the amount of training necessary to improve identification and environmental effects on identification.
Validated Models of Immune Response to Virus Infection.

Abstract Viruses are a main cause of disease worldwide and many are without effective therapeutics or vaccines. A lack of understanding about how host responses work to control viral spread is one factor limiting effective management. How different immune components regulate infection dynamics is beginning to be better understood with the help of mathematical models. These models have been key in discriminating between hypotheses and in identifying rates of virus growth and clearance, dynamical control by different host factors and antivirals, and synergistic interactions during multi-pathogen infections. A recent focus in evaluating model predictions in the laboratory and clinic has illuminate the accuracy of models for a variety of viruses and highlighted the critical nature of theoretical approaches in virology. Here, I discuss recent model-driven exploration of host-pathogen interactions that have illustrated the importance of model validation in establishing the model's predictive capability and in defining new biology.
Lysine 68 acetylation regulates the dichotomous role of MnSOD: a protective tetrameric detoxification complex versus a monomeric oncoprotein

Mammalian MnSOD is a mitochondrial matrix-localized, homotetrameric, antioxidant enzyme, and its primary function is to scavenge superoxide generated from different metabolic processes. Recent studies showed that MnSOD lysine 68 (K68) can be acetylated and may affect normal MnSOD function. However, the specific cell biological, biochemical, and/or physiological significance of K68, as well as the underlying molecular mechanism by which they regulate MnSOD detoxification activity and mitochondrial metabolism, remains to be fully determined. In this regard, we presented data showing that MnSOD-K68 acetylation (K68-Ac), directs ROS detoxification activity, as well as connects metabolic stress and mitochondrial reparative pathways that maintain metabolic balance. Our results show that K68-Ac leads to a monomer form of MnSOD that functions as a peroxidase, different from the well-established tetramer form, which acts as a superoxide dismutase. The peroxidase activity of monomeric MnSOD was determined using tissue culture IP experiments, as well as by amber-suppression technology for the site-specific incorporation of N-(ϵ)-acetyl-l-lysine using a bacterial system. We also show that enforced expression of MnSODK68Q (the acetylation mimic mutant gene) transforms wild-type primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (pMEFs) when co-infected with either c-Myc or Ras, as measured by in vitro transformation assays and xenograft formation. In addition, MCF7 and T47D cells, as well as immortalized MnSOD-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), expressing MnSODK68Q also exhibited a more aggressive in vitro transformation permissive phenotype. Finally, tamoxifen resistant MCF7 and T47D cells, selected by three months of growth in tamoxifen, displayed a MnSOD-K68-Ac tumor signature. In conclusion, our results suggest that acetylation status of MnSOD K68 functions as a molecular switch directing whether MnSOD is a protective tetrameric superoxide detoxification complex when deacetylated, and in contrast, when MnSOD is acetylated, it functions as a monomeric peroxidase enzyme that promoters an oncogenic permissive phenotype, as well as contributes to resistance to endocrine therapy.
How to write an effective peer-review report: an editor’s perspective

When I compare the peer-review reports I wrote some years ago, before I became an editor, to those I write now, I am struck by how the style and content of my reports has changed. The reason for th...
Screening in strongly coupled mathcal{N} = {2^*} supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma

Using gauge-gravity duality, we extend thermodynamic studies and present results for thermal screening masses in strongly coupled $ \mathcal{N} = {2^*} $ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. This non-conformal theory is a mass deformation of maximally supersymmetric $ \mathcal{N} = 4 $ gauge theory. Results are obtained for the entropy density, pressure, specific heat, equation of state, and screening masses, down to previously unexplored low temperatures. The temperature dependence of screening masses in various symmetry channels, which characterize the longest length scales over which thermal fluctuations in the non-Abelian plasma are correlated, is examined and found to be asymptotically linear in the low temperature regime.
Three Brothers With Autism Carry a Stop‐Gain Mutation in the HPA‐Axis Gene NR3C2

Whole exome sequencing and copy-number variant analysis was performed on a family with three brothers diagnosed with autism. Each of the siblings shares an alteration in the nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2 (NR3C2) gene that is predicted to result in a stop-gain mutation (p.Q919X) in the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) protein. This variant was maternally inherited and provides further evidence for a connection between the NR3C2 and autism. Interestingly, the NR3C2 gene encodes the MR protein, a steroid hormone-regulated transcription factor that acts in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and has been connected to stress and anxiety, both of which are features often seen in individuals with autism. Autism Res 2020, 13: 523-531. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Given the complexity of the genetics underlying autism, each gene contributes to risk in a relatively small number of individuals, typically less than 1% of all autism cases. Whole exome sequencing of three brothers with autism identified a rare variant in the nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2 gene that is predicted to strongly interfere with its normal function. This gene encodes the mineralocorticoid receptor protein, which plays a role in how the body responds to stress and anxiety, features that are often elevated in people diagnosed with autism. This study adds further support to the relevance of this gene as a risk factor for autism.
Out-of-Pocket Payment for Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Among Commercially Insured in the United States.

Background Clinical guidelines increasingly recommended ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) for hypertension diagnosis and management. Yet, ABPM is used infrequently in the United States, possibly because of low insurance coverage and high patient costs. We sought to analyze out-of-pocket payments (OPPs) for ABPM among privately insured patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis using IBM® MarketScan® commercial claims of beneficiaries aged ≥18 years receiving ABPM from January 2012 to December 2018. The date of first ABPM claim (Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System codes 93784, 93786, 93788, or 93790) was considered the index date. Patients with 12 months of continuous enrollment preindex and 30-day postindex were included. Per beneficiary OPP was calculated by aggregating all ABPM-related OPPs within the 30-day postindex window (ABPM episode). Results Of 22,317 beneficiaries receiving ABPM, 62% had $0 OPP and 38% had OPP >$0. Among the latter, median OPP per beneficiary for an ABPM episode was $23 (interquartile range [IQR], $14, $32), driven primarily by full ABPM claims (median, $22; IQR, $14, $24). Among individual components, scan analysis and report claims (median, $25; IQR, $13, $49) had the greatest OPP. The median OPP per ABPM episode did not change substantively from 2012 through 2018. Conclusions Among commercially insured in the United States, nearly 4-in-10 have an OPP for ABPM. Though most OPPs are relatively modest, some patients incur substantial OPP. Our findings highlight the need for policymakers to ensure adequate ABPM coverage in the commercial insurance marketplace.
Ethnoracial differences in treatment-seeking veterans with substance use disorders and co-occurring PTSD: Presenting characteristics and response to integrated exposure-based treatment.

Substance use disorders (SUD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently co-occur. While previous research has examined ethnoracial differences among individuals with either SUD or PTSD, l...
Murine Cytomegalovirus-induced Complement-fixing Antibodies Deposit in Murine Renal Allografts During Acute Rejection.

BACKGROUND Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with renal allograft dysfunction and loss, particularly in combination with acute rejection. Emerging literature suggests that non-HLA antibodies may contribute to antibody-mediated rejection, but pathogen-induced antibodies have not been investigated in this context. This study examines the presence of CMV-induced antibodies in murine CMV (MCMV)-infected renal allografts during acute rejection. METHODS Intragraft immunoglobulin G (IgG) and complement C3 immunostaining were compared among allogeneic MCMV D-/R-, D+/R-, and D+/R+ renal transplants. Intragraft antibody deposition was examined in B cell-deficient recipients treated with MCMV immune sera. Antibody binding and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of D-/R- and D+/R+ sera against infected renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) were measured in vitro. IgG immunostaining was performed in D+/R+ allografts and native kidneys and in D+/R- allografts treated with ganciclovir to inhibit viral replication. RESULTS D+/R- and D+/R+ transplants had more abundant IgG and C3 deposition compared with D-/R- recipients. Greater IgG deposition was associated with more severe allograft injury in B cell-deficient recipients treated with MCMV immune sera compared with nonimmune sera. D+/R+ sera induced greater CDC of infected TECs compared with D-/R- sera. Native kidneys had lower IgG deposition compared with allografts, despite similar organ viral loads. Ganciclovir-treated allografts had reduced IgG deposition compared with untreated allografts. CONCLUSIONS In this murine model, complement-fixing antibodies can deposit into MCMV-infected renal allografts, are associated with allograft damage, and can induce CDC of MCMV-infected renal TECs. The allogeneic response and viral replication may also contribute to intragraft antibody deposition.
Endourologic Management of Stent Retained Over 22 Years in Patient with Duplicated Collecting System.

Background: Retained and subsequently encrusted stents can lead to a number of complications, the most dire being deterioration of renal function. Limited literature exists concerning endourologic management of stents retained for extreme durations and few that concerns patients with abnormal renal anatomy. Case Presentation: A 70-year-old man with history of Crohn's disease and partially duplicated collecting system presented with rising creatinine and was found to have bilateral retained Double-J stents, originally placed before small bowel resection 22 years prior. The patient underwent staged bilateral percutaneous nephrolithotomy with ultimate effective removal of both stents. The patient has had subsequent improvement in renal function and has not required dialysis. Conclusion: Removal of ureteral stents in a timely manner is paramount to prevent long-term retention and complication, but when required retained stents can be safely managed with a well-planned endourologic approach, even if significant deterioration in renal function has occurred.
Summary of the Conference

I hope that this conference has been a success. Certainly if size and scope are taken as indicators it has been the most successful conference in the AMCO series. As I pointed out in my opening remarks the size of these conferences has grown from an attendance of approximately 65 at the first conference in 1960 to approximately 90 at the Teddington conference in 1971. Today the registration at this conference has passed 200.
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) are localized in the nucleus of retinal Müller glial cells and modulated by cytokines and oxidative stress.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in the pathology of numerous inflammatory retinal degenerations, including retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Our previous work revealed that intravitreal injections with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) reduce the progression of rod cell death and inhibit cone cell remodeling that involves reactive gliosis in retinal Muller glial cells (MGCs) in rodent models. The underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of how TIMP-1 functions in the retina remain to be resolved; however, MGCs are involved in structural homeostasis, neuronal cell survival and death. In the present study, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression patterns were investigated in a human MGC line (MIO-M1) under inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β and TNF-α) and oxidative stress (H2O2) conditions. First, both IL-1β and TNF-α, but not H2O2, have a mild in vitro pro-survival effect on MIO-M1 cells. Treatment with either cytokine results in the imbalanced secretion of MMP-9 and TIMP-1. H2O2 treatment has little effect on their secretion. The investigation of their intracellular expression led to interesting observations. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 are both expressed, not only in the cytoplasm, but also inside the nucleus. None of the treatments alters the MMP-9 intracellular distribution pattern. In contrast to MMP-9, TIMP-1 is detected as speckles. Intracellular TIMP-1 aggregation forms in the cytoplasmic area with IL-1β treatment. With H2O2 treatments, the cell morphology changes from cobbles to spindle shapes and the nuclei become larger with increases in TIMP-1 speckles in an H2O2 dose-dependent manner. Two TIMP-1 cell surface receptors, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) and cluster of differentiation 82 (CD82), are expressed within the nucleus of MIO-M1 cells. Overall, these observations suggest that intracellular TIMP-1 is a target of proinflammatory and oxidative insults in the MGCs. Given the importance of the roles for MGCs in the retina, the functional implication of nuclear TIMP-1 and MMP-9 in MGCs is discussed.
Justice Gorsuch's Choice: From Bostock to Dobbs (What a Blockbuster LGBT Rights Ruling Might Mean for the Future of Abortion Rights)

"As everyone awaits developments in the [Dobbs] case, a small possibility—capable of reconfiguring the entire landscape—dwells in an unlikely place: last year’s blockbuster LGBT rights ruling in Bostock v. Clayton County." This brief commentary mines prospects that Justice Neil Gorsuch's majority opinion in Bostock v. Clayton County opens up for Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization—and thus for the future of abortion rights. **This work first appeared in the National Law Journal on July 9, 2021. It is adapted from an essay published in 13 ConLawNOW 11 (2021), available on SSRN, here: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3912127.**
Preparation of Human Chondrocytes for Profiling Using Cytometry by Time-of-flight (cyTOF)

Single-cell technologies have allowed high-resolution profiling of tissues and thus a deeper understanding of tissue homeostasis and disease heterogeneity. Understanding this heterogeneity can be especially important for tailoring treatments in a patient-specific manner. Here, we detail methods for preparing human cartilage tissue for profiling via cytometry by time-of-flight (cyTOF). We have previously utilized this method to characterize several rare cell populations in cartilage, including cartilage-progenitor cells, inflammation-amplifying cells (Inf-A), and inflammation-dampening cells (Inf-D). Previous bio-protocols have focused on cyTOF staining of PBMCs. Therefore, here we detail the steps unique to the processing of human cartilage and chondrocytes. Briefly, cartilage tissue is digested to release individual chondrocytes, which can be expanded and manipulated in culture. These cells are then collected and fixed in preparation for cyTOF, followed by standard staining and analysis protocols.
Mantenimiento del español en el estado de Washington. Exploración del posible bilingüismo en los Estados Unidos: una perspectiva de jóvenes hablantes de herencia del español

Se suele equiparar el incremento de la poblacion latina o hispana en los Estados Unidos con el de la expansion de la lengua espanola en ese pais. Y es que el vigoroso incremento de este grupo poblacional, el cual ascendio al 18.5% de la poblacion en 2020, se presenta como un hecho irrefutable de que el espanol ocupara cada vez mas espacios hasta empatar su presencia con la del ingles en la sociedad norteamericana. Aunque intereses economicos, politicos o sociales soslayen el contexto linguistico del espanol como lengua minoritaria y en situacion de contacto de lenguas, se asume que estas comunidades conservaran y transferiran el espanol a las proximas generaciones, a pesar de que existe evidencia historica del desplazamiento hacia el ingles de las comunidades inmigrantes establecidas en los Estados Unidos. Segun los estudios de Fishman (2001), en no mas de tres generaciones las comunidades inmigrantes pierden sus lenguas de origen y se vuelven monolingues en ingles. Es decir, autoidentificarse como latino o hispano no es sinonimo de hablar espanol. Por ello, este estudio explora las siguientes preguntas de investigacion: ?difieren los hablantes de herencia en la frecuencia y el uso de espanol entre diferentes generaciones? Y ?los hablantes de herencia nacidos o que emigraron a los Estados Unidos antes de los cinco anos difieren en sus actitudes hacia el espanol en comparacion con aquellos que emigraron despues de los cinco anos?
AutoBraid: A Framework for Enabling Efficient Surface Code Communication in Quantum Computing

Quantum computers can solve problems that are intractable using the most powerful classical computer. However, qubits are fickle and error prone. It is necessary to actively correct errors in the execution of a quantum circuit. Quantum error correction (QEC) codes are developed to enable fault-tolerant quantum computing. With QEC, one logical circuit is converted into an encoded circuit. Most studies on quantum circuit compilation focus on NISQ devices which have 10-100 qubits and are not fault-tolerant. In this paper, we focus on the compilation for fault-tolerant quantum hardware. In particular, we focus on optimizing communication parallelism for the surface code based QEC. The execution of surface code circuits involves non-trivial geometric manipulation of a large lattice of entangled physical qubits. A two-qubit gate in surface code is implemented as a virtual “pipe” in space-time called a braiding path. The braiding paths should be carefully routed to avoid congestion. Communication between qubits is considered the major bottleneck as it involves scheduling and searching for simultaneous paths between qubits. We provide a framework for efficiently scheduling braiding paths. We discover that for quantum programs with a local parallelism pattern, our framework guarantees an optimal solution, while the previous greedy-heuristic-based solution cannot. Moreover, we propose an extension to the local parallelism analysis framework to address the communication bottleneck. Our framework achieves orders of magnitude improvement after addressing the communication bottleneck.
An Abstract Hardware/Software Model

This chapter presents an abstract hardware/software model [245] that utilizes a unified representation. The unified representation is based on functional abstractions and employs data/control flow concepts. The first section states the requirements and applications of the model. The next section introduces some existing models of hardware/software systems. Several ideas from these models have been incorporated into the abstract hardware/software model. The abstract hardware/software model is then described. This presentation is followed by a discussion of the model’s implementation in ADEPT. An example is provided to illustrate various aspects of the model. The model’s generality is discussed. The last section compares the model with other models that have been developed for hardware/software systems. The utility of the model is further demonstrated in Chapter 8.
The opportunistic tumors of immune deficiency.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the various types of opportunistic tumors, identifies their particular features, and examines their etiology and pathogenesis. Like infections, tumors are more common in persons with immune deficiencies than in the normally immunocompetent individuals of the general population. Combined immunodeficiency disease or Swiss-type agammaglobulinemia is the most severe form of the congenital immunological failure because it includes deficiencies of both the T- and B-cell systems. Skin cancers in transplant recipients affect younger persons and comprise predominantly squamous-cell carcinomas—a more malignant tumor than the basal-cell carcinomas. Lymphomas occurring in acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients have been highly aggressive and have uniformly involved multiple organs. Upon autopsy extensive tumor involvement was evident, including organs not commonly affected such as the heart, kidneys, testes, and skin. Regardless of the type and cause of immune deficiency, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, Kaposi's sarcomas, and carcinomas of the skin and the cloacogenic area are the prevailing tumors. These tumors of very low frequency in the general population reach incredibly high incidences in individuals who are immunodeficient.
Rapid Neutron Activation Analysis for Gunshot Residue Determination

A recent review of neutron activation analysis (NAA) applications in forensic science by Guinn has again focused attention on the utility of barium and antimony determinations on residues removed from the hands as indication of recent gun firing by the individual. This method has been well established and is in routine use by state, local, and federal law enforcement groups in the United States and by governmental agencies in other countries. Increasing use of this technique has made reduction in sample analysis time imperative.
Controlled-potential coulometric determination of plutonium with concurrent correction for a second reversible couple

Abstract The controlled-potential coulometric determination of plutonium with a concurrent measurement of an interfering reversible couple is described. Sample electrolysis over two different potential spans is used. The Nernst equation is utilized to determine the fraction electrolyzed for the plutonium and the interfering reversible couple for each potential span. Two linear equations, in two variables, each containing the appropriate data from one of the sample electrolyses are solved simultaneously for the quantities of plutonium and interfering reversible couple present. Appropriate background current corrections are discussed. This concurrent measurement technique has been applied to the determination of plutonium in solutions containing either plutonium and iron or plutonium and neptunium with a reliability of better than 0.1% for plutonium.