cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Olaparib for the treatment of BRCA-mutated advanced ovarian cancer.

Purpose The pharmacology, clinical efficacy, safety, dosage and administration, and role in therapy of olaparib, a first-in-class treatment for advanced treatment-refractory ovarian cancer, are reviewed. Summary Olaparib (Lynparza, AstraZeneca) is an oral inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins that play a key role in DNA repair and genomic stability. Olaparib is indicated for use in treating certain patients with advanced, recurrent ovarian cancer who have mutations of the breast cancer 1 gene ( BRCA1 ) or breast cancer 2 gene ( BRCA2 ). In patients with BRCA -mutated cancers, olaparib blocks vital PARP-mediated tumor cell DNA repair mechanisms, leading to “synthetic lethality” and selective tumor cell death. In Phase II clinical trials including patients with platinum-sensitive, platinum-resistant, and platinum-refractory ovarian cancers, olaparib significantly improved progression-free survival, with similar rates of response reported in patients with BRCA1 - and BRCA2 -mutated disease. Olaparib is generally well tolerated; the most commonly reported adverse events in clinical trials were mild nausea, fatigue, vomiting, and diarrhea. Severe anemia and severe fatigue can occur in association with olaparib treatment. Concurrent administration of olaparib and strong or moderate inducers or inhibitors of cytochrome P-450 isozyme 3A should be avoided, as use of those agents may alter plasma concentrations of olaparib. Conclusion Olaparib is a novel PARP inhibitor that is efficacious and well tolerated in patients with BRCA -mutated advanced ovarian cancers who have received three or more lines of prior treatment.
Patterns of Care and Comparative Effectiveness of Intensified Adjuvant Therapy for Resected Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Human Papillomavirus Era

Importance There is a growing debate on the relative benefits of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and boost doses of postoperative radiotherapy (B-PORT) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) treated with primary surgery, especially for patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven disease. Objective To characterize the recent patterns of care in and overall survival (OS) outcomes following the use of adjuvant CRT and B-PORT after primary surgery for OPSCC. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective analysis of patients in the National Cancer Database with stage III to IVA-B OPSCC treated with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy between 2010 and 2012 at Commission on Cancer–accredited facilities. The data analysis was performed between June 15, 2015, and May 4, 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were prevalence of CRT and B-PORT, and OS. The primary predictors were HPV positivity and high-risk pathologic features (HRPFs) (extracapsular extension and positive surgical margins). Results Of the 1409 patients (1153 [82%] male; median age, 57 [interquartile range {IQR}, 51-63] years), 873 (62%) and 789 (56%) patients received CRT and B-PORT, respectively; most patients (n = 583 [79%]) with HRPFs received CRT, and many patients (n = 227 [40%]) without HRPFs received CRT. Multivariable predictors of CRT included adverse pathologic features (extracapsular extension [OR, 6.99; 95% CI, 5.22-9.35], positive surgical margins [OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.50-2.87], ≥6 involved nodes [OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.39-3.92], or low-neck disease [OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.01-2.28]), and treatment at a nonacademic institution (OR, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.21-2.10] for comprehensive community cancer center vs academic program). Patients with HPV-positive disease (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.33-0.68) were less likely to receive CRT; this decrease was limited to absent HRPF treated at academic institutions (n = 173, 44 [25%] received CRT). With a median follow-up of surviving patients of 27 (IQR, 21-33) months, the 2-year OS probability was 92% (95% CI, 90%-94%). Multivariable analysis including age, sex, pathologic T stage, 6 or more positive nodes, and educational status confirmed the prognostic impact of HPV positivity (hazard ratio [HR], 0.41; 95% CI, 0.21-0.80) and HRPFs (positive surgical margins [HR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.27-3.66] and ≥6 involved nodes [HR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.13-3.93]), but neither CRT (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.70-2.30) nor B-PORT (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.63-1.73) was associated with improved OS. Conclusions and Relevance Postoperative CRT and B-PORT following resection of OPSCC were dependent on factors beyond HRPFs, including HPV status and treatment at an academic institution. No benefit was seen with intensified adjuvant therapy, supporting enrollment of the HPV-positive population into deintensification trials.
Development of a mechanism-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model to characterize the thermoregulatory effects of serotonergic drugs in mice

We have shown recently that concurrent harmaline, a monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor (MAOI), potentiates serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonist 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT)-induced hyperthermia. The objective of this study was to develop an integrated pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model to characterize and predict the thermoregulatory effects of such serotonergic drugs in mice. Physiological thermoregulation was described by a mechanism-based indirect-response model with adaptive feedback control. Harmaline-induced hypothermia and 5-MeO-DMT-elicited hyperthermia were attributable to the loss of heat through the activation of 5-HT1A receptor and thermogenesis via the stimulation of 5-HT2A receptor, respectively. Thus serotonergic 5-MeO-DMT-induced hyperthermia was readily distinguished from handling/injection stress-provoked hyperthermic effects. This PK/PD model was able to simultaneously describe all experimental data including the impact of drug-metabolizing enzyme status on 5-MeO-DMT and harmaline PK properties, and drug- and stress-induced simple hypo/hyperthermic and complex biphasic effects. Furthermore, the modeling results revealed a 4-fold decrease of apparent SC50 value (1.88-0.496 µmol/L) for 5-MeO-DMT when harmaline was co-administered, providing a quantitative assessment for the impact of concurrent MAOI harmaline on 5-MeO-DMT-induced hyperthermia. In addition, the hyperpyrexia caused by toxic dose combinations of harmaline and 5-MeO-DMT were linked to the increased systemic exposure to harmaline rather than 5-MeO-DMT, although the body temperature profiles were mispredicted by the model. The results indicate that current PK/PD model may be used as a new conceptual framework to define the impact of serotonergic agents and stress factors on thermoregulation.
The polarization efficiency of the emitted light in quantum dots under the presence of external magnetic field.

Abstract A theoretical description of the light polarization within asymmetric self-assembled coupled quantum dots (SACQDs) in the presence of an external magnetic field, is presented. The electron and hole wavefunctions and their energy eigenvalues have been evaluated by considering ellipsoidal shaped quantum dots (QDs). Predictions of circularly light polarization for specific polarization planes, a variety of different QD geometries and the presence of an external magnetic field are displayed and compared. The results show that for some specific polarization planes the circularly light polarization is very sensitive mainly to the size of the QDs asymmetry, the interdot distance and the external magnetic field.
Clay Residue on Polishing Stones

Pebble-sized polishing stones are common finds at Southwestern archaeological sites. Pottery-polishing is the principal function assigned to these tools based on ethnographic analogy. Rather than a...
Time Resolved Electron Transfer Studies Between Metallointercalators in DNA

Ultrafast studies on the rates of DNA-mediated forward and reverse electron transfer between photoexcited [Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ and various acceptors are reported. We also present the first results that resolve the ultrafast emission decay of the so-called “light-switch” molecule [Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ in aqueous solution, distinguishing the diverse photophysical mechanisms of [Ru(phen)2dppz]2+.
De-Spiritualizing Pneuma

This paper is one of several presented at the 2010 sbl naasr session in Atlanta concerning anachronism and translation in the study of early Christianity. It argues that the concept of pneuma’s central importance to Paul’s thought makes it a prime candidate to remain untranslated in scholarship. Most scholarship on pneuma translates this word ‘Spirit’, which imports normative Christian theological implications. This reflects a modern, Western understanding of religion that is derived from thinkers like Kant and Descartes, which privileges dualisms of mind/body and material/spirit, and which foregrounds the importance of a private, internal, subjective religious experience anachronistic relative to Paul. I redress this through a theoretical shift toward contextualizing Paul’s understanding of pneuma as a physiological process with analogues in ancient Greco-Roman medical thought. This approach is briefly compared to other influential accounts of pneuma in New Testament studies, and subsequently treats several Pauline passages within this new lens.
Methylmercury Exposure in Women of Childbearing Age and Children

As frontline clinicians, occupational and environmental health nurses play an important role in educating workers and the public about the dangers and toxic effects of environmental contaminants. One of these contaminants is methylmercury, which enters the body through the consumption of contaminated fish and seafood. Methylmercury affects the central nervous system where it may cause psychiatric disturbances, ataxia, neuropathy, and visual and hearing loss. Because their central nervous systems are rapidly developing, the most vulnerable subgroups are infants in utero, babies, and young children. Pregnant women and nursing mothers can directly expose their infants because methylmercury passes through the placenta to the infant and is also present in breast milk. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview for occupational and environmental health nurses and other health care practitioners about the causes and consequences of methylmercury exposure in women of childbearing age and children so that they can better educate workers about this environmental contaminant.
The Changing Face of Video Games and Video Gamers: Future Directions in the Scientific Study of Video Game Play and Cognitive Performance

Research into the perceptual, attentional, and cognitive benefits of playing video games has exploded over the past several decades. However, the methodologies in use today are becoming outdated, as both video games and the gamers themselves are constantly evolving. The purpose of this commentary is to highlight some of the ongoing changes that are occurring in the video game industry, as well as to discuss how these changes may affect research into the effects of gaming on perception, attention, and cognition going forward. The commentary focuses on two main areas: (1) the ways in which video games themselves have changed since the early 2000s, including the rise of various “hybrid” genres, the emergence of distinct new genres, and the increasing push toward online/open-world games, and (2) how video game players have changed since the early 2000s, including shifts in demographics, the decreasing specialization of gamers, and the fact that gamers today now have a long gaming history. In all cases, we discuss possible changes in the methods used to study the impact of video games on cognitive performance that these shifts in the gaming landscape necessitate.
The Future of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

Since its introduction nearly 50 years ago, there has been considerable evolution in the practice and performance of ERCP. On the one hand, therapeutic ERCP has supplanted surgical and percutaneous radiologic procedures to emerge as the dominant method for pancreaticobiliary intervention. In other instances, the role of ERCP has been eroded by competing technologies, revised by controlled data which question the risk/benefit profile of ERCP-guided intervention for specific indications, and challenged by systems issues such as duodenoscope reprocessing. The aim of this commentary is to provide an appraisal of the state of ERCP and a view toward the future, with discussion of specific threats and opportunities.
Undocumented Disobedients as a Special Class of Civil Disobedients

In this chapter, I address the status of undocumented global migrants and refugees as justifiably exercising a moral right to disobey, grounded in the international decency standard of the Law of Peoples. They are a special class of disobedients insofar as their everyday acts of participation in the domestic system of cooperation of the country in which they have no legal right of occupancy are obviously disobedient. Nevertheless, these acts do not conform to the established definition to civil disobedience, especially the publicity of civilly disobedient acts as condition of their justifiability. Consequently, it becomes necessary to explain why ‘undocumented disobedience’ is properly a mode of civil disobedience. To this end, I demonstrate that such disobedience is indeed legitimate under the Law of Peoples. I argue by analogy with the case of refugees that undocumented migrants are equally vulnerable to the abuses of domination and persecution. In the case of the undocumented, however, they not vulnerable to these abuses in the country they leave, but rather the country they enter without official documentation. In particular, they are vulnerable to overlapping forms of interpersonal and systemic domination and persecution by citizens who exploit their well-founded fear of reporting to the immigration authorities and suffering deportation. I argue that vulnerabilities to domination and persecution, based on exploitation of this fear, establish an urgent human right of the undocumented to protection under the rule of law that violate the principle of reasonable rejection. In this respect, I emphasize that it is already a well-established principle of international law that refugees are entitled to protection of their urgent human rights. This is the principle of non-refoulement: that those seeking refuge from domination and persecution should not suffer returned the countries they have left. Nevertheless, I argue that this principle does not apply to the undocumented, insisting on a normatively relevant between the latter and refugees. That said, however, I argue that peoples owed undocumented at least minimal participatory rights in contesting deportation decisions, as a requirement of decency and non-domination. Such contestatory rights are sufficient to overrule the so-called plenary powers of the state to deport non-citizens, absent due process of law, on grounds of protecting the sovereign right of a people to control its own borders.
Motivating Network Deployment: Vehicular Communications

Many new and promising vehicular communications applications are currently being developed. However, sufficient network resources to support these applications, in terms of equipped vehicles, base stations, and other infrastructure, are simply not yet available and are progressing slowly. In this article, we examine the strengths and uses of dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) and cellular vehicular networks. We then explore strategies, beyond government mandates and subsidies, to encourage vehicular network deployment.
Association of BMI With Propofol Dosing and Adverse Events in Children With Cancer Undergoing Procedural Sedation.

OBJECTIVES: Obesity increases the risk of complications during pediatric procedural sedation. The risk of being underweight has not been evaluated in this arena. We therefore investigated the association of BMI with sedation dosing and adverse events in children across a range of BMIs. METHODS: A total of 1976 patients ages 2 to 21 years old with oncologic diagnoses underwent lumbar punctures and/or bone marrow aspirations. All children received a standard adjunctive dose of ketamine before sedation with propofol. Weight categories were stratified by BMI percentile: underweight 85%, and obese >95%. Dosing and adverse events (hypoxia, apnea, bradycardia, or hypotension) were reviewed. RESULTS: There were no differences in propofol dosing for procedural sedation between patients who were normal weight and underweight. However, children who were overweight and those who were obese used less propofol compared with children who were normal weight ( P P CONCLUSIONS: Children who are overweight and children with obesity who require deep sedation can undergo successful sedation with lower propofol dosing relative to children of a normal weight. This dosing strategy may help to mitigate the risks associated with sedating patients who are obese. Notably, children who were underweight had an increased rate of complications despite receiving an equal amount of sedation compared with patients who were normal weight. This should alert the clinicians to the risks associated with sedating children who are underweight.
Naturally occurring radium (Ra) in home drinking-water wells in the Sandhills region of South Carolina, USA: Can high concentrations be predicted?

A strong relationship exists between concentrations of several principal constituents of water chemistry and naturally occurring radium in water from home wells in the large Sandhills region of the inner coastal plain of South Carolina, USA, an area of common radium problems (75% [21 of 28] of randomly selected wells in the main study area were above the US EPA maximum contaminant level [MCL]: 5 picocuries per liter for 226Ra plus 228Ra). Ingested radioactive radium is potentially carcinogenic and water far above the MCL occurs in places. One focus here was to determine if elevated radium concentrations can reliably be predicted using more-easily measured characteristics of water chemistry. The initial phase investigated (1) concentrations of radium in well water within a smaller (~10-km radius) test area of known common problems, plus (2) the associated water chemistry. This revealed a correlation between elevated radium and raised electrical conductance, total dissolved solids, calcium, nitrate, magnesium, hardness, and lowered pH. All are potentially useful screening tools for the many other rural home wells of this region. Natural groundwater in these highly leached sands is of very low dissolved salts content of all types and local human influence on geochemistry is thus indicated. Predictive utility was examined by two additional series of wells (1) of higher radium contamination, or (2) of elevated calcium concentration, both identified from file data. Higher radium wells were retested for water chemistry and higher calcium wells for radium content. Overall, a similar association between radium and water chemistry was observed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Ethnic Disparities in Liver Transplantation

End-stage liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among ethnic minorities. In the United States, ethnic minorities comprise approximately 30% of all adult liver transplantations performed annually. Several studies have suggested that ethnic populations differ with respect to access and outcomes in the pre- and post-transplantation setting. This paper will review the existing literature on ethnic variations in the adult liver transplantation population.
On Feeding the Masses: An Anatomy of Regulatory Failure in China

China's food safety system is in crisis. Egregious scandals, as varied as the sale of liquor laced with Viagra and the distribution of fake eggs, reveal how regulatory practices have been stretched to their limit in the world's largest food production system. On Feeding the Masses focuses on the oft-cited but ultimately overlooked concept of scale to identify the root causes of China's regulatory failures in food safety. The 'politics of scale' framework highlights how regulators disagree on which level of government is best suited to regulate ('the scale of governance'), struggle to address multilevel tensions ('multidimensional scale integration'), and fail to understand how policies at one level of government can affect other levels of government in unexpected and costly ways ('scale externalities'). Drawing from over 200 interviews with food safety regulators and producers, the study provides one of the most comprehensive accounts of China's food safety crisis to date.
Cold Acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana: Function and Regulation of COR Genes

Arabidospis thaliana alters gene expression and increases in freezing tolerance in response to low non-freezing temperatures. One of our long range goals has been to determine whether certain COR (cold-regulated) genes that encode hydrophilic, “boiling-soluble” polypeptides have a role in freezing tolerance; another has been to determine the mechanism(s) by which A. thaliana senses low temperature and alters gene expression. Most of our work on COR gene function has focused on COR15. We have found that this gene encodes a 15 kD polypeptide that is targeted to the stromal compartment of chloroplasts. During import, the polypeptide is processed to a hydrophilic 9 kD polypeptide, designated COR15am, that shares a low degree of amino acid sequence similarity with group III LEA (late-embryogenesis-abundant) proteins Transgenic A. thaliana plants that constitutively produce COR15am have been created and tested for freezing tolerance. The data indicate that COR15am enhances the freezing tolerance of chloroplasts in non-acclimated plants by abundant 2°C, nearly one-third of the increase that occurs upon cold acclimation of both transgenic and wild type plants. Constitutive expression of COR15a was also found to affect freezing tolerance at the cellular level: at freezing temperatures between -6 and -8 °C, the survival of protoplasts isolated from leaves of non-acclimated plants expressing CORl5a was greater than that of protoplasts isolated from leaves of plants not expressing CORl5a. The implications of these data regarding possible COR15a functions are discussed. In regarding to gene regulation, the promoters of COR15a and COR78 were found to be up-regulated in response to low temperature, drought and ABA. An examination of COR gene expression in the A. thaliana abi (ABA-insensitive) mutants indicated that low temperature and ABA regulation involve independent pathways. Gene fusion experiments established that COR15a has a functional DRE (drought-regulatory-element) that imparts cold- and drought-regulated gene expression in tobacco. Gel retardation studies indicated that nuclear extracts prepared from both cold-acclimated and non-acclimated Arabidopsis plants contain a protein(s) that binds to the COR15a DRE and that the avidity of the protein(s) for the element is not significantly altered with cold acclimation.
Simulation Education Theory

Simulation-based educational methods are recognized as an established component of medical training for medical students, residents, and fellows; have been shown to be low-cost and cost-effective; and most recently have been linked to convincingly improved training outcomes for high-risk, low-frequency obstetrical emergencies. This chapter offers an overview of educational theory supporting simulation-based education (SBE) methods.
THE ROLE OF PRODUCTS OF THE HISTOCOMPATIBILITY GENE COMPLEX IN IMMUNE RESPONSES

Abstract: The data of our most recent investigations have mapped the relevant gene or genes coding for CI molecules to the I region of the H-2 complex of the mouse. Thus, T and B lymphocytes from donor mice which differ at genes in either the K , S or D regions of H-2 (or combinations of the latter), but which are identical for genes in the I region, are capable of developing cooperative immune responses. Conversely, gene differences in the I region, more precisely in the Ir-1A and Ir-1B subregions, prevent the development of T-B cell interactions irrespective of the existence of gene identities elsewhere in the H-2 complex (including the I-C subregion).
Worksite behavioral research. Results, sensitive methods, test batteries and the transition from laboratory data to human health.

Ample evidence demonstrates that many chemicals, at some concentration, affect the nervous system. Disastrous incidents resulting from food adulteration, medical experiments and pharmaceutical errors, and industrial and environmental exposures warn of the serious potential for neurotoxicants to affect human health. This article identifies the approximately 185 epidemiological behavioral neurotoxicology studies published through 1989 of extended workplace exposures to chemicals. Approximately 250 different tests have been administered to exposed workers in primarily cross sectional studies, and statistically significant decrements were reported in 43% of the approximately 1100 test/population administrations (virtually all 185 studies employed several of the 250 tests). In this research, 28 different chemicals as well as multiple chemical exposures have been studied. The most extensive findings are seen in research on carbon disulfide, lead, mercury, and multiple solvent exposures, although three or more independent studies also have been reported on workers exposed to styrene and organophosphates. Analyzing the consistent findings in these studies, they reveal a broad spectrum of cognitive, motor, and affective or personality changes. The most frequently reported functional deficits are in tests of intelligence, memory, spatial relations, coordination, and speed plus coordination. Individual behavioral measurement methods and significant test batteries that have been employed to assess changes in human nervous system functions to determine the degree of risk posed by new and established chemicals are described; two of those human behavioral test batteries are predicted to dominate research at the onset of the 1990's. There is a lack of parallelism between the human test methods found in these batteries and the US Environmental Protection Protection Agency (EPA) and Food and Drug Agency (FDA) guideline methods for pre-production screening of chemicals and food additives in animals, and it appears unlikely that the widely employed human and animal behavioral test batteries, as currently evaluated, could identify disease complexes newly suspected of having a chemical etiology. Language: en
Sharing the load: factors in supporting local armed groups in insurgencies

ABSTRACTMost counterinsurgency campaigns have featured the use of some form of local defense forces. Such forces have had a somewhat mixed record, both in their usefulness in actually countering in...
S ŏ Kyŏngdŏk and the Rise of the Philosophy of Ki 氣

The philosophy of the Korean Neo-Confucian SŎ Kyŏngdŏk 徐敬德 (1489-1546, pen name: Hwadam 花潭) is investigated in “SŎ Kyŏngdŏk and the Rise of the Philosophy of Ki 氣.” Although SŎ’s philosophy is a complex synthesis of various positions, it can be regarded as a philosophy of ki. SŎ contributed to the formation of an alternative paradigm of thought based more upon ki than on i 理 within Korean neo-Confucianism. The key message that underlies SŎ’s philosophical position is that the ultimate source of creativity is inherent in this world and ourselves. Arguing for this point is important for SŎ because it sets the cosmological grounds for the possibility and need for cultivating and realizing our potential to create productive relationships amongst ourselves, and with the world. After investigating this point, the practical implication of SŎ’s position are inquired into. Simply put, SŎ asks us to endeavor to form a vital harmony amongst ourselves for the purpose of enhancing the strength and scope of our shared human experience. Then, how, according to SŎ, we can do this through practicing soma-aesthetic methods of self-cultivation, namely, ritual propriety and aesthetic engagement with nature, is investigated. The chapter ends by showing, through recorded images of SŎ, how he exemplified his thoughts in his way of life.
Preventing Diagnostic Errors in Ambulatory Care: An Electronic Notification Tool for Incomplete Radiology Tests.

Background Failure to complete recommended diagnostic tests may increase the risk of diagnostic errors. Objectives The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate an electronic monitoring tool that notifies the responsible clinician of incomplete imaging tests for their ambulatory patients. Methods A results notification workflow engine was created at an academic medical center. It identified future appointments for imaging studies and notified the ordering physician of incomplete tests by secure email. To assess the impact of the intervention, the project team surveyed participating physicians and measured test completion rates within 90 days of the scheduled appointment. Analyses compared test completion rates among patients of intervention and usual care clinicians at baseline and follow-up. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to control for secular trends and differences between cohorts. Results A total of 725 patients of 16 intervention physicians had 1,016 delayed imaging studies; 2,023 patients of 42 usual care clinicians had 2,697 delayed studies. In the first month, physicians indicated in 23/30 cases that they were unaware of the missed test prior to notification. The 90-day test completion rate was lower in the usual care than intervention group in the 6-month baseline period (18.8 vs. 22.1%, p = 0.119). During the 12-month follow-up period, there was a significant improvement favoring the intervention group (20.9 vs. 25.5%, p = 0.027). The change was driven by improved completion rates among patients referred for mammography (21.0 vs. 30.1%, p = 0.003). Multivariate analyses showed no significant impact of the intervention. Conclusion There was a temporal association between email alerts to physicians about missed imaging tests and improved test completion at 90 days, although baseline differences in intervention and usual care groups limited the ability to draw definitive conclusions. Research is needed to understand the potential benefits and limitations of missed test notifications to reduce the risk of delayed diagnoses, particularly in vulnerable patient populations.
Update on integrative treatment of psychiatric symptoms and disorders in athletes

Primary objective: In this review, we detail the issues and disorders athletes present with, guidelines for making diagnostic formulations and treatment goals, and strategies for delivering integrated treatment attuned to the athlete and their team and/or sport. In addition, we highlight special issues associated with athletes and their families. Reasoning: Data suggests athletes experience comprable incidence and prevalence rates to the general population of psychiatric disorders. The mental and physical demands placed on athletes are unique and may increase their susceptibility to certain mental health problems. The current literature regarding integrative interventions in athletes is sparse and largely anecdotal. We provide a summary of the scientific evidence from a literature review conducted by the IOC Consensus Committee on Mental Health in Elite Athletes, reviews and expert clinical strategies recommended by the authors of four books on sports psychiatry written since 2012, and our own review of the literature related to psychotherapy with elite and non-elite- athletes. Main outcomes and results: At the moment there are no randomized controlled trials assessing the use of psychotherapy or medication for mental illness in athletes to guide treatment. Controlled studies examining psychological interventions in collegiate athletes have demonstrated improvements in mental health symptomology. Although these studies were limited to collegiate athletes they assist in providing a foundation for elite athletes as well. For the assessment and management of the mental health needs of athletes' to be on a par with their physical needs, more high-quality scientific epidemiological and treatment intervention studies are needed. Conclusions: Development of specific models of psychiatric intervention for athletes with significant psychopathology and impairment appears to be warranted. These interventions should include individual, family/marital, and group psychotherapy with or without medication using evidence-based treatments.
Modeling Neurodevelopmental Deficits in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex with Stem Cell Derived Neural Precursors and Neurons.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in TSC1 or TSC2. TSC is a multi-organ disorder characterized by development of non-malignant cellular overgrowths, called hamartomas, in different organs of the body. TSC is also characterized as a neurodevelopmental disorder presenting with epilepsy and autism, and formation of cortical malformations (“tubers”), subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs), and subependymal nodules (SENs) in the patient’s brain. In this chapter, we are going to give an overview of neural stem cell and neuronal development in TSC. In addition, we will also describe previously developed animal models of TSC that display seizures, autistic-like behaviors, and neuronal cell abnormalities in vivo, and we will compare them to disease phenotypes detected with human stem cell derived neuronal cells in vitro. We will describe the effects of TSC-mutations in different neural cell subtypes, and discuss the mitochondrial function, autophagy, and synaptic development and functional deficits in the neurons. Finally, we will review utilization of these human TSC-patient derived neuronal models for drug screening to develop new treatment options for the neurological phenotypes seen in TSC patients.
Upper Blepharoplasty with Endoscopically Assisted Brow Lift to Restore Harmonious Upper Lid Arc Curvatures.

BACKGROUND Achieving excellent results in upper lid rejuvenation requires a balanced approach to address skin, muscle, fat, upper lid margin position, and brow aging changes. In the appropriately selected patient, brow lifting plays an essential complement to upper blepharoplasty to restore more youthful upper lid fold-to-pretarsal ratios. The goal of this study is to describe a safe and reproducible method to perform brow lifting and upper blepharoplasty. METHODS Medial to the temporal line of fusion, in-line with the brow peak, a 2-cm scalp incision is oriented parallel to the course of the deep branch of the supraorbital nerve to minimize the risk of nerve injury. The brow vector of pull is maximal in this location and secured to a monocortical bone channel with 3-0 polydioxanone. Lateral to the temporal line of fusion, an ellipse of scalp tissue is excised to gently elevate the brow tail. Upper blepharoplasty is performed in an individualized fashion to achieve a youthful contour of the upper lid fold. RESULTS The endoscopically assisted technique is designed to achieve tissue release under direct visualization. The brow-lift maximal vector of pull is centered over the brow peak and, to a lesser extent, at the brow tail to improve lateral upper lid fold height and a smooth contour of the pretarsal space. Muscle shaping sutures improve convexity of the lateral upper lid fold. CONCLUSION In the appropriately selected patient, combined brow lift and upper blepharoplasty with muscle contouring are safe and effective techniques that help improve aesthetic upper lid topographic proportions.
Chemically Modified Biopolymers for the Formation of Biomedical Hydrogels

Biopolymers are natural polymers sourced from plants and animals, which include a variety of polysaccharides and polypeptides. The inclusion of biopolymers into biomedical hydrogels is of great interest because of their inherent biochemical and biophysical properties, such as cellular adhesion, degradation, and viscoelasticity. The objective of this Review is to provide a detailed overview of the design and development of biopolymer hydrogels for biomedical applications, with an emphasis on biopolymer chemical modifications and cross-linking methods. First, the fundamentals of biopolymers and chemical conjugation methods to introduce cross-linking groups are described. Cross-linking methods to form biopolymer networks are then discussed in detail, including (i) covalent cross-linking (e.g., free radical chain polymerization, click cross-linking, cross-linking due to oxidation of phenolic groups), (ii) dynamic covalent cross-linking (e.g., Schiff base formation, disulfide formation, reversible Diels-Alder reactions), and (iii) physical cross-linking (e.g., guest-host interactions, hydrogen bonding, metal-ligand coordination, grafted biopolymers). Finally, recent advances in the use of chemically modified biopolymer hydrogels for the biofabrication of tissue scaffolds, therapeutic delivery, tissue adhesives and sealants, as well as the formation of interpenetrating network biopolymer hydrogels, are highlighted.
Zeolite-based Electrolyte Accelerating the Realization of Solid-state Li-Air Battery

Solid-state lithium-air battery represents one of the most promising energy storage systems to simultaneously achieve high energy density, safety, and cost-efficiency. Conventional inorganic solid electrolytes are not suitable for the lithium-air systems due to their spontaneous reactions with lithium and/or air. Meanwhile, the large-scale production of inorganic solid electrolytes at a low cost remains highly challenging to date. Recently, Yu et al. demonstrated that lithium-ion exchanged zeolite X membrane could be employed as the solid electrolyte for lithium-air battery owing to its unique microporous structure and the continuous ion-conduction pathway within a single crystal. Moreover, the lithium-ion exchanged zeolite X offers excellent compatibility with lithium and air and exhibits negligible air permeability. The integrated solidstate lithium-air battery exhibits superior electrochemical stability in ambient air compared to conventional liquid and solid electrolytes. Meanwhile, it offers flexibility, safety and tolerance against abuse. Since zeolites have been widely used in the chemical industry, this work opens up numerous opportunities in energy-related fields. The corresponding research has been published in Nature and can be accessed at https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03410-9 .
Urinary concentrations of phenols, parabens, and triclocarban in relation to uterine leiomyomata incidence and growth.

Objective To examine the association of urinary concentrations of phenols, parabens, and triclocarban with incidence and growth of uterine leiomyomata (UL; fibroids). Design Case-cohort study, nested within the Study of Environment, Lifestyle, and Fibroids, a prospective cohort study. Setting Clinic visits at baseline and every 20 months for 60 months. Patient(s) 754 Black women aged 23–35 years residing in the Detroit, Michigan area (enrolled during 2010–2012). Intervention None. Main Outcome Measure(s) At each study visit, women underwent transvaginal ultrasound for measurement of UL incidence and growth and provided urine specimens in which we quantified concentrations of seven phenols, four parabens, and triclocarban. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) characterizing the relation of urinary biomarker concentrations with UL incidence during the 60 months of follow-up. In a subset of UL detected and measured at multiple time points, we used linear regression to assess the associations between biomarker concentrations and UL growth. Result(s) Urinary biomarker concentrations were generally inversely associated with UL incidence, but the associations were weak and nonmonotonic. For example, hazard ratios comparing concentrations ≥90th with Conclusion(s) In this study of reproductive-aged Black women, urinary phenols, parabens, and triclocarban biomarkers were neither strongly nor consistently associated with UL incidence and growth.
The Impact of Certificate-of-Need Laws on Nursing Home and Home Health Care Expenditures

Over the past two decades, nursing homes and home health care agencies have been influenced by several Medicare and Medicaid policy changes including the adoption of prospective payment for Medicare-paid postacute care and Medicaid-paid long-term home and community-based care reforms. This article examines how spending growth in these sectors was affected by state certificate-of-need (CON) laws, which were designed to limit the growth of providers and have remained unchanged for several decades. Compared with states without CON laws, Medicare and Medicaid spending in states with CON laws grew faster for nursing home care and more slowly for home health care. In particular, we observed the slowest growth in community-based care in states with CON for both the nursing home and home health industries. Thus, controlling for other factors, public postacute and long-term care expenditures in CON states have become dominated by nursing homes.
Microstructure of polyphenylacetylene obtained by MoCl5 and WCl6 type catalysts

The microstructure of polyphenylacetylenes prepared with MoCl5 and WCl6 catalysts under different reaction conditions was determined by 200 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Cis, trans and cyclohexadiene sequences were evidenced in all polymers. Two mechanisms are responsible for the polymer microstructure: isomerization prior to double bond formation, and thermal isomerization after double bond formation. When trans sequences are formed mainly through the first mechanism, the polymer is almost void of cyclohexadiene structural units and its molecular weight is very high. This can be explained through a unimolecular termination mechanism, i.e., intramolecular cyclization of the cis-polymer chain end. The control of polyphenylacetylene microstructure by these two mechanisms explains why a cis-cisoidal polymer could not be obtained by using MoCl5 or WCl6 catalysts.
Technology transfer-entrepreneurship and the university

An analysis of technology transfer within US universities revealed that the most productive are stand-alone medical schools and technological institutes. Overall transfer activity at universities with medical schools and universities without medical schools was slightly less, although both generated the most royalties for their respective research budgets.
Internal waveform probing of HBT and HEMT MMIC power amplifiers

In this paper, a practical MMIC internal waveform probing technique has been developed. The technique can be used for model extraction, design verification, process diagnosis, and reliability assessment, as demonstrated in the above.
Chapter 22 A Smart Robotics System for the Design and Optimization of Spectrophotometric Experiments

Publisher Summary Many analytical laboratories are faced with increased sample loads that require tedious, redundant preparations and measurements. Intelligent analysts quickly become bored with these repetitive tasks, while less competent personnel cannot perform these procedures with the required precision and accuracy. Intelligent, automated laboratory systems offer a way to increase the reliability of the data by minimizing the involvement of the analyst in the performance of routine tasks. Thus, it becomes important to provide the analyst with efficient ways to implement automated methods of analysis. The system described in this chapter develops and tests a generic, flexible, intelligent laboratory system to expedite the design, optimization, and transfer of automated analytical methods. This system integrates commercial software for experimental design, statistical analysis, expert system development and laboratory automation with the hardware components required for sample preparation and analyte measurement.
ACCESSING REALISTIC MIXED COMPLEMENTARITY PROBLEMS WITHIN MATLAB

This paper describes a suite of programs that allow realistic complementarity problems to be accessed from within the MATLAB programming environment. The suite of programs uses data generated from the GAMS/MCP library and makes function and Jacobian evaluations available directly to the MATLAB user. All the required data is stored in a binary encoding of the problems, completely independent of GAMS. Use of the programs is described here, along with a list of all the problems that are currently available in binary form. Details on how the binary files are generated from GAMS are also given.
Mechanism of Synthesis of Vaccinia Virus Double-Stranded Ribonucleic Acid In Vivo and In Vitro

Abstract The synthesis of vaccinia virus double-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) in infected HeLa cells was sensitive to actinomycin D, suggesting that a deoxyribonucleic acid dependent reaction is involved. Some double-stranded RNA was made in the presence of cytosine arabinoside in infected cells. Double-stranded and complementary RNA were synthesized in vitro by using vaccinia cores. These two observations indicate that some of the double-stranded RNA is read from “early” genes. The double-stranded RNA synthesized in vitro had the same properties as that made in vivo. At least 70% of the double-stranded RNA made in vivo was in ribonuclease-resistant form prior to sodium dodecyl sulfate-phenol extraction. In addition, there was a complementary RNA in infected cells which could be converted to double-stranded RNA by annealing.
Dilemas en el gobierno de las universidades españolas

The present paper aims at analyzing those challenges that public Spanish universities face nowadays. Hence, we will deal with the concept of "dilemma in governance" as used by Larsen, Maasen and Stensaker (2009) as well as by Lazerson (2010). The present paper breaks down into four: dilemma between representative democracy and organisational effectiveness, dilemma between integrated management structures and dual management structures; dilemma between external and internal influence in institutional decision making, dilemma between centralization and decentralization in more autonomous universities. The research has been conducted by means of qualitative methods: survey and focus-group. The survey has targeted 23 respondents, selected from 4 public Spanish universities, made up of: university managers; governmental and higher educational management experts; administrative personnel and counselors. After this phase, a focus-group with experts was conducted. The results obtained show that experts prefer autonomy of regulations and less control from the state representatives. Moreover, the model applies taking into account the fact that didactic activity temporarily implies counseling and managerial tasks which may create confusion between the two organizational focuses. The didactic activity that nowadays carries out managerial functions views the current model as the most appropriate to higher educational Spanish system and, despite several drawbacks in the model, it is still observed by representatives. Finally the results show that representatives of the centralized bodies are reluctant to share and disseminate power among peripheral organizational structures such as departments and faculties for whom autonomy is still debatable.
Two components of auxin transport.

The transport of indoleacetic acid-1-14C out of sunflower stem sections has been analyzed by a compartmental analysis procedure in which the radioactivity moving out of the tissue (log per cent) is plotted against time. The analysis indicates that indoleacetic acid is transported via a fast transport system (t½ of about 30 minutes) and a slow transport system (t½ about 10 hours). While we do not know the sources of these two pools, by analogy with ion transport studies, the fast efflux is characteristic of transport from the cytoplasm across the plasmalemma and the slow efflux is characteristic of transport across the tonoplast and thus out of the vacuole. Both components of transport are inhibited by 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid.
River Processes: An Introduction to Fluvial Dynamics

Andre Robert. London: Arnold, 2003. xvi and 214 pp., symbols, tables, diags., photos, refs. and index. (ISBN 0-340-76339-6). The pioneering volume, Fluvial Processes in Geomorphology, by Leopold, W...