cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Attitudes Toward Depression Among Rehabilitation Participants With Acute Stroke: Evidence of an Age Cohort Effect

Purpose/Objective: Depression is commonplace after acute stroke and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. No data exist regarding attitudes about depression among older persons with acute stroke and their potential impact on self-report of depressive symptoms. The objective of this study was to determine if attitudes toward depression affect depression symptom reporting. Research Method/ Design: Cross-sectional using data from an inpatient rehabilitation unit. Seventy-two people with acute stroke were surveyed regarding their attitudes toward depression as part of a larger battery assessing their cognitive and emotional functioning. Results: Both age and cognitive status were significant predictors of attitudes toward depression. Older participants expressed significantly more negative attitudes about depression and seeking professional help compared with younger participants. Those with higher cognitive scores held more positive attitudes. However, attitudes about depression were unrelated to participants’ responses on self-report measures of depression. Conclusions/Implications: Participants with stroke who were older were more likely to report negative attitudes about depressive symptoms than were younger participants. However, these attitudes do not appear to represent a barrier to their ability to accurately report the presence and severity of depressive symptoms.
Gut microbiota dictates the metabolic response of Drosophila to diet

Animal nutrition is profoundly influenced by the gut microbiota, but knowledge of the scope and core mechanisms of the underlying animal-microbiota interactions is fragmentary. To investigate the nutritional traits shaped by the gut microbiota of Drosophila, we determined the microbiota-dependent response of multiple metabolic and performance indices to systematically varied diet composition. Diet-dependent differences between Drosophila bearing its unmanipulated microbiota (conventional flies) and experimentally deprived of its microbiota (axenic flies) revealed evidence for: microbial sparing of dietary B vitamins, especially riboflavin, on low-yeast diets; microbial promotion of protein nutrition, particularly in females; and microbiota-mediated suppression of lipid/carbohydrate storage, especially on high sugar diets. The microbiota also sets the relationship between energy storage and body mass, indicative of microbial modulation of the host signaling networks that coordinate metabolism with body size. This analysis identifies the multiple impacts of the microbiota on the metabolism of Drosophila, and demonstrates that the significance of these different interactions varies with diet composition and host sex.
Assessing latitudinal gradients in speciation rates and biodiversity at the global scale.

The mechanisms responsible for latitudinal biodiversity gradients have fascinated and perplexed biologists since the time of Darwin. Ecological theory has yielded two general classes of mechanisms to account for variation in biodiversity: dispersal–assembly mechanisms that invoke differences in stochastic rates of speciation, extinction and dispersal; and niche–assembly mechanisms that invoke species differences, species interactions and environmental heterogeneity. Distinguishing between these two classes of mechanisms requires explicit consideration of macroevolutionary dynamics. Here, we assess the importance of dispersal–assembly mechanisms in the origin and maintenance of biodiversity using fossil data that encompass 30 million years of macroevolution for three distinct groups of ocean plankton: foraminifera, nannoplankton and radiolaria. Applying new methods of analysis to these fossil data, we show here for the first time that latitudinal biodiversity gradients exhibit strong positive correlations with speciation rates even after explicitly controlling for variation in sampling effort and for increases in habitat area towards the equator. These findings provide compelling evidence that geographical variation in macroevolutionary dynamics is a primary determinant of contemporary biodiversity gradients, as predicted by dispersal–assembly theory.
An intermolecular disulfide bond stabilizes E2A homodimers and is required for DNA binding at physiological temperatures

Abstract It is demonstrated in this report that purified E2A helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins spontaneously form homodimers that are linked by an intermolecular disulfide bond. These homodimers bind DNA at physiological temperatures but fail to associate with either Id or MyoD. When the disulfide bond is reduced by an activity present in muscle cell lysates or disrupted by site-directed mutagenesis, the monomeric form of the protein is strongly favored at 37°C. These E2A monomers cannot bind DNA but heterodimerize efficiently with Id and MyoD. It is also shown that an intermolecular disulfide bond cross-links E2A homodimers in B cells but not in muscle cells in which only heterodimers have been detected. These results suggest a novel mechanism for regulating the dimerization status and DNA binding properties of E2A HLH transcription factors.
Bilingual and monolingual processing of competing lexical items

Performance of bilingual Russian–English speakers and monolingual English speakers during auditory processing of competing lexical items was examined using eye tracking. Results revealed that both bilinguals and monolinguals experienced competition from English lexical items overlapping phonetically with an English target item (e.g., spear and speaker). However, only bilingual speakers experienced competition from Russian competitor items overlapping crosslinguistically with an English target (e.g., spear and spichki, Russian for matches). English monolinguals treated the Russian competitors as they did any other filler items. This difference in performance between bilinguals and monolinguals tested with exactly the same sets of stimuli suggests that eye movements to a crosslinguistic competitor are due to activation of the other language and to between-language competition rather than being an artifact of stimulus selection or experimental design. With the majority of the world’s population speaking more than one language (Romaine, 1995), studying bilingualism and multilingualism can provide valuable insights into human cognition and language. The capability of one cognitive system to successfully manage two languages is striking. Do bilinguals use the two languages independently, alternating between them by turning them on and off, or do they constantly keep both languages active and process the two in parallel at all times? The traditional language switch hypothesis, according to which bilinguals are able to selectively activate and deactivate their two languages (Gerard & Scarborough, 1989; MacNamara & Kushnir, 1971), has been challenged by a number of recent findings. Parallel activation has been inferred from early studies using the bilingual Stroop task (Chen & Ho, 1986; Preston & Lambert, 1969), code switching (Grainger, 1993; Grainger & Dijkstra, 1992; Li, 1996; Soares & Grosjean, 1984), interlingual homographs (Dijkstra, Timmermans, & Schriefers, 1997; Dijkstra, van Jaarsveld, & ten Brinke, 1998), cog
Alterations in the transcriptome and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus grown in the presence of diclofenac.

Background Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) which has been shown to increase the susceptibility of various bacteria to antimicrobials and demonstrated to have broad antimicrobial activity. This study describes transcriptome alterations in S. aureus strain COL grown with diclofenac and characterizes the effects of this NSAID on antibiotic susceptibility in laboratory, clinical and diclofenac reduced-susceptibility (DcRS) S. aureus strains.
Predicate logic based image grammars for complex pattern recognition

In this paper, an extended work reported in [Shet, et al , 2007] to detect complex objects in aerial images was discussed. Such objects, e.g. surface to air missile launcher sites, are highly variable in appearance and can only be characterized by their functional design and surrounding context, such as physical arrangement of access structures. Constraints in acquiring sufficient annotated data for learning make it challenging for purely data driven approaches to adequately generalize. In this work, structure arising from functional requirements and surrounding context has been encoded using predicate logic based grammars. Observation and model uncertainties have been integrated within the bi lattice framework. Also in this paper a proposed method to automatically optimize weights associated with logical rules is presented. Automated logical rule weight learning is an important aspect of the application of such systems in the computer vision domain. The proposed approach casts the instantiated inference tree as a knowledge based neural net, interprets rule uncertainties as link weights in the network, and applies a constrained, back propagation (BP) algorithm to converge upon a set of weights for optimal performance. The BP algorithm has been accordingly modified to compute local gradients over the bi lattice specific inference operation and respect constraints specific to vision applications. Both extension have been evaluated over real and simulated data with favorable results.
Oral desensitization to common foods

Abstract A practical method of oral desensitization is suggested. This method has been used in the treatment of skin eruptions and gastrointestinal symptoms due to sensitivity to specific foods.
The Earth Mover's distance is the Mallows distance: some insights from statistics

The Earth Mover's distanc1e was first introduced as a purely empirical ways to measure texture and color similarities. We show that it has a rigorous probabilistic interpretation and is conceptually equivalent to the Mallows distance on probability distributions. The two distances are exactly the same when applied to probability distributions, but behave differently when applied to unnormalized distributions with different masses, called signatures. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both distances, and statistical issues involved in computing them from data. We also report some texture classification results for the Mallows distance applied to texture features and compare several ways of estimating feature distributions. In addition, we list some known probabilistic properties of this distance.
Para que el silencio no sea el timón: los libros izkor o libros de remembranza del holocausto

This essay is an analysis of a sample of memorial books of Jewish survivorsfrom the Nazi Holocaust during World War II. With their persisting appearancethey have perpetuated the memory of the historical trauma of the group.The persistence of the texts is suggestive. From the cumulative analysis ofthis literature, we get narratives that re-focus on the ethical-philosophicalperspectives that the political world lost. These historical sources are innovative in their contribution as material from which to build what is todaydesignated as the “cultural restitution” of and for the victimized group.
Application of augmented reality to visualizing anatomical airways

Visualizing information in three dimensions provides an increased understanding of the data presented. Furthermore, the ability to manipulate or interact with data visualized in three dimensions is superior. Within the medical community, augmented reality is being used for interactive, three-dimensional (3D) visualization. This type of visualization, which enhances the real world with computer generated information, requires a display device, a computer to generate the 3D data, and a system to track the user. In addition to these requirements, however, the hardware must be properly integrated to insure correct visualization. To this end, we present components of an integrated augmented reality system consisting of a novel head-mounted projective display, a Linux-based PC, and a commercially available optical tracking system. We demonstrate the system with the visualization of anatomical airways superimposed on a human patient simulator.
Implementation of Similarity Flooding Algorithm to Solve Engineering Problems Using Diagnostic Skills Training Technique

This article focuses on the development and field testing of instructional design concepts and educational software to teach diagnostic skills necessary to identify and solve problems in complex technical systems. Using concept mapping software along with expert-system programs, the overall software package enables technical workers and students in technology and engineering fields to benefit from personalized, iterative interactions that permit them to design visual maps of a diagnostic strategy and to allow direct and automatic comparison of their visual map to an expert’s map.The computer-based modules are developed in the Lectora authoring system and incorporate the VUE concept mapping software. The self-paced, interactive modules include an introduction stage, a visual mapping tutorial stage and a technical system and problem stage. Two technical systems will provide the context for a technical problem, the systems are: 1.) electrical power grid, and 2.) heat exchanger used in a waste plastic pelletizer machine. The educational software can be tailored to include other technical systems and technical problems.This article demonstrates implementation of Similarity Flooding Algorithm (SFA) to solve engineering problems. SFA is used to match nodes and links between learner’s and expert’s concept maps. To compare two process maps, SFA needs to consider both the relations (links) between nodes and the content of the nodes.In this article, we describe four improvements to the original SFA code to improve the comparison between two different concept (or process) maps: 1) Similarity of two strings is calculated by comparing the two strings character by character, which means that two strings get lower similarity if they are not the same exactly. During the comparison, WordNet® thesaurus is used to accurately evaluate the content of nodes; 2) Base similarity includes absolute similarity for each paired nodes, according to their links and content, but the overall similarity of the maps is calculated based on the relative similarity of each pair; 3) In a process map, the importance of each node could be different and important nodes have more weighting in overall similarity; 4) We consider two threshold values in the comparison algorithm. One is similarity threshold for the similarity based on the connections (links) of the nodes; the other is synonym threshold for the semantic similarity of content. If the similarity is lower than the thresholds, it could be considered as discarded. At the end, we analyze the collected data and show the effectiveness of the proposed technique to solve educational and training problems.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Leadership and the Emotional Endowment Effect in Foreign Policy

Applying Kingdon’s (1995) work on multiple streams, I examine the emotional endowment effect in foreign policy. Why do governments continue to pursue the same policy even in light of mounting negative consequences? I argue when government and the public become emotionally vested in a particular policy, they find it difficult to change course. I offer two mechanisms that explain the persistence of feelings: novel events that evoke negative feelings have greater inertia than those evoking positive feelings; and under certain conditions, affect congruence processes overshadow cognitive thinking strategies. As a result, public policies are more likely to follow the outcome of states of feeling than any rational cost-benefit calculations. I emphasize the role that entrepreneurs play in manipulating emotion and cognition in two cases: the Greek attempt to block international recognition of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) from 1990-93 and the Bush Administration’s policy in Iraq from 2001-04. The argument has implications for theories of leadership and foreign policy.
Pancreaticoduodenectomy for locally advanced colon cancer in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), or Lynch syndrome, accounts for 3 % of newly diagnosed cases of colorectal cancer. While a partial or subtotal colectomy is indicated for early stage disease, there is a paucity of data addressing locally advanced disease involving the foregut. We report two patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer presenting with locally advanced colon cancer surgically managed by pancreaticoduodenectomy with en bloc partial colectomy and a review of the literature. Locally advanced colorectal cancer in HNPCC is a rare clinical entity that requires special surgical consideration. Multidisciplinary treatment, including multi-visceral resection, offers the best long-term outcome.
Postcoital test abnormalities in relation to contraceptive use.

Abnormalities of cervical mucus can have a bearing on a womans fertility. 1 means of detecting the presence of such abnormalities is the postcoital test (PCT). As part of a population-based case control study of risk factors for infertility the reproductive contraceptive medical and sexual histories of women seeking treatment for infertility who had abnormal PCT results were compared with those of fertile controls. A greater proportion of infertile women with an abnormal PCT had previously used a diaphragm than had control women (relative risk [rr]=3.5 95% CI=1.1-11.3). The excess risk associated with use of a diaphragm was particularly high for women who had used 1 for longer than 1 year (RR=7.3 95% CI=1.4-37.8) or within 1 year of attempting to conceive (RR=5.5 95% CT=1.4-22.1). No increased risk was associated with the use of other barrier methods oral contraceptives or the IUD. (authors)
Preharvest applications of gibberellic acid delay senescence of Florida grapefruit

SummaryPeel senescence of ‘Marsh’ grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) was reduced by gibberellic acid (GA) treatment at three production sites in Florida as indicated by resistance to puncture and the retention of green colour. Applications of GA at 49 g ha−1 plus 0.05% Silwet L-77 were equivalent to 25 g ha−1 plus 0.1% Silwet L-77. GA at 49 g ha−1 plus 0.05% Silwet L-77 was more effective than the maximum label amount of GA (145 g ha−1) without surfactant. GA applications just prior to colourbreak in August and September were found to be most effective. GA treatments increased peel oil compared with controls, but did not affect fruit quality. Chlorophyll and carotene concentrations in October and November were higher in GA-treated fruit than fruit harvested in the remainder of the season. In contrast, there was only a small effect of GA on time to degreen fruit. Leaf drop was accelerated by GA treatment, but was not different from controls at the end of season in two of the three sites tested. The data su...
Cardiac Fibro-Adipocyte Progenitors Express Desmosome Proteins and Preferentially Differentiate to Adipocytes Upon Deletion of the Desmoplakin Gene

Rationale: Mutations in desmosome proteins cause arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC), a disease characterized by excess myocardial fibroadipocytes. Cellular origin(s) of fibroadipocytes in AC is unknown. Objective: To identify the cellular origin of adipocytes in AC. Methods and Results: Human and mouse cardiac cells were depleted from myocytes and flow sorted to isolate cells expressing platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α and exclude those expressing other lineage and fibroblast markers (CD32, CD11B, CD45, Lys76, Ly −6c and Ly 6c , thymocyte differentiation antigen 1, and discoidin domain receptor 2). The PDGFRA pos :Lin neg :THY1 neg :DDR2 neg cells were bipotential as the majority expressed collagen 1 α-1, a fibroblast marker, and a subset CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, a major adipogenic transcription factor, and therefore, they were referred to as fibroadipocyte progenitors (FAPs). FAPs expressed desmosome proteins, including desmoplakin, predominantly in the adipogenic but not fibrogenic subsets. Conditional heterozygous deletion of Dsp in mice using Pdgfra-Cre deleter led to increased fibroadipogenesis in the heart and mild cardiac dysfunction. Genetic fate mapping tagged 41.4±4.1% of the cardiac adipocytes in the Pdgfra-Cre : Eyfp:Dsp W /F mice, indicating an origin from FAPs. FAPs isolated from the Pdgfra-Cre : Eyfp:Dsp W /F mouse hearts showed enhanced differentiation to adipocytes. Mechanistically, deletion of Dsp was associated with suppressed canonical Wnt signaling and enhanced adipogenesis. In contrast, activation of the canonical Wnt signaling rescued adipogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: A subset of cardiac FAPs, identified by the PDGFRA pos :Lin neg :THY1 neg :DDR2 neg signature, expresses desmosome proteins and differentiates to adipocytes in AC through a Wnt-dependent mechanism. The findings expand the cellular spectrum of AC, commonly recognized as a disease of cardiac myocytes, to include nonmyocyte cells in the heart.
Bug hazard investigation in Shenzhen

Objective To provide reference and help for bug prevention and control by investigating the bug hazards in Shenzhen.Methods Combining questionnaires and artificial field survey.Results The bug in the staff quarters of the industrial zone of the most important positive rate was 52.1%,followed by the old residential areas,the positive rate was 28.1%,school student dormitory were fewer,the positive rate was 6.2%.;Bugs in the bed board habitat rate was up to 89.3%,followed by 28% for quilts,wall habitat was 21.4%,3.8% for nets four corners,tables and chairs for 2.2%,13.2% for other parasitic;nearly 1 year found bug bites,up to 63.2%,last 1-2 years there were fewer bug bites bug hazards of 26.1%,3-5 years,bug bites only 6%,more than six years,only 4.7%;35.7% of the people was a large area of bites,rashes,and a small number of allergies,48.4% more than a bite,rash,only 15.9% of bites lighter and quickly heal.Conclusion Bug was more serious in the last couple of years and continous upward trend in Shenzhen area.
A Coordinated Optimization Strategy for Multi-objective Generation Dispatch in Interconnected Areas

Generation dispatch considering environmental objectives in interconnected areas is discussed,and a new multi-objective coordinated optimization strategy is proposed.In several interconnected areas,a different preference factor is set in every relatively independent region according to its specific conditions.This strategy has improved the conventional way of using the same preference factor in all regions.Formula derivation shows that the preference factor of each region is closely related to the production cost coefficients,pollution emission coefficients,as well as network parameters.A simulation example shows that the method proposed is capable of optimizing the calculation results of the whole system to protect environment with the least possible economic losses.
Discussions on Protection Methods for Neutral Point of the 330kV Step-up Transformer

In this paper, the writer looks into different grounding methods for neutral points, the types and levels of the over-voltages of the 330 kV step-up transformers. Based on the analysis, he proposes the protection method and concrete schemes for the neutral points. A reasonable protection gap as proposed turns out to be an easy and reliable solution for protection of the neutral point insulation of the 330 kV transformer.
Sequence-defined oligo(ortho-arylene) foldamers derived from the benzannulation of ortho(arylene ethynylene)s

A Cu-catalyzed benzannulation reaction transforms ortho(arylene ethynylene) oligomers into ortho-arylenes. This approach circumvents iterative Suzuki cross-coupling reactions previously used to assemble hindered ortho-arylene backbones. These derivatives form helical folded structures in the solid-state and in solution, as demonstrated by X-ray crystallography and solution-state NMR analysis. DFT calculations of misfolded conformations are correlated with variable-temperature 1H and EXSY NMR to reveal that folding is cooperative and more favorable in halide-substituted naphthalenes. Helical ortho-arylene foldamers with specific aromatic sequences organize functional π-electron systems into arrangements ideal for ambipolar charge transport and show preliminary promise for the surface-mediated synthesis of structurally defined graphene nanoribbons.
EBP with Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders

Eating disorders are a serious problem for America's children and adolescents. As many as a third of them are overweight and many more suffer the serious consequences of bulimia, anorexia and binge eating. This chapter discusses the diagnoses, causation and best evidence for treatment efficacy. At the end of the chapter is a case study on binge eating, a new category of eating disorder with its origins in childhood and which affects millions of Americans, often leading to obesity. Bulimia nervosa, also called bulimia, is an emotionally based eating disorder characterized by periodic episodes of binge eating, during which a child or adolescent consumes large quantities of food followed by purging as a weight loss mechanism. Purging may include vomiting, fasting, the use of enemas, excessive use of laxatives and diuretics, or compulsive exercising. Bulimia usually develops in adolescent girls whose binge and purge behavior is done in secret and is associated with disgust at binging and relief at purging. Anorexia nervosa is diagnosed when a person weighs at least 15% less than his or her normal body weight, and typically begins around the onset of puberty. Extreme weight loss in people with anorexia nervosa can lead to dangerous health problems and even death. Anorexia literally means “loss of appetite,” a misleading term since those with anorexia nervosa are often hungry but refuse food anyway. People with anorexia nervosa have intense fears of becoming fat and see themselves as fat even when they are very slender.
Abstract PR03: HVEM (TNFRSF14) tumor suppressor in immune therapies of follicular lymphoma

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is among the most common and incurable forms of indolent B cell lymphoma. Somatic mutations that disrupt the HVEM (TNFRSF14) receptor gene in 28% of FL and include frequent homozygous lesions. The HVEM receptor interacts with the activating LIGHT and the inhibitory BTLA (B- and T- lymphocyte attenuator) receptors on B and T cells. Exactly, how HVEM mutations contribute to FL development is unknown. Here we show that the immune cell receptor HVEM (TNFRSF14) is a p53 response gene, and a frequent target of both somatic mutations, and recurrent chromosome 1p36 deletions in FL. Moreover, HVEM deficiency promotes FL development in vivo and establishes a favorable immune environment. Specifically, HVEM deficient lymphomas show an exaggerated activation of stromal components including follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and increased recruitment of T follicular helper (T FH ) cells that support B lymphocytes by secreting interleukins IL21 and IL4. Furthermore, HVEM loss stimulates B cell growth by disrupting an inhibitory BTLA (B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator) mediated signal. Notably, HVEM9s tumor suppressor functions reside at the cell surface and extrinsic application of the HVEM ectodomain (P37-V202) can restore B cell growth control and block lymphoma growth in vivo . In addition, we demonstrate that CD19-specific, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells that are further modified to constitutively secrete soluble HVEM ectodomain display significantly higher cytotoxicity against cancer B-cells with high BTLA expression in vivo . Citation Format: Darin Salloum. HVEM (TNFRSF14) tumor suppressor in immune therapies of follicular lymphoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr PR03.
Genre Prediction to Inform the Recommendation Process

In this paper we present a time-based genre prediction strategy that can inform the book recommendation process. To explicitly consider time in predicting genres of interest, we rely on a popular time series forecasting model as well as reading patterns of each individual reader or group of readers (in case of libraries or publishing companies). Based on a conducted initial assessment using the Amazon dataset, we demonstrate our strategy outperforms its baseline counterpart.
Social capital, social media, and TV ratings

Motivated by the increasing role of social media in relating to economic outcomes, this paper examines the relationship between social networking sites SNS and television ratings drawing from the social capital theoretical framework of bonding and bridging. Based on the context of US network television TV programs, we collected measures for Facebook likes and Facebook talk for 38 TV programs and their respective Nielsen ratings over a period of five weeks, resulting in a sample size of 165 weekly observations. In testing OLS regression models, we determined that key social media measures, proxy for social capital, are positively associated with performance ratings. In essence, TV programs with a higher number of Facebook likes bridging and Facebook talk bonding are likely to relate to higher performance ratings. In addition we conclude that weak ties bridging are important as a conduit to connect fans to TV shows but in the long run, strong ties bonding are needed to reinforce those relationships towards fan loyalty. Contributions to both research and practice are discussed.
Reliability and Utility of the Surprise Question in CKD Stages 4 to 5.

Background Prognostic uncertainty is one barrier to engaging in goals-of-care discussions in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The surprise question ("Would you be surprised if this patient died in the next 12 months?") is a tool to assist in prognostication. However, it has not been studied in non−dialysis-dependent CKD and its reliability is unknown. Study Design Observational study. Setting & Participants 388 patients at least 60 years of age with non−dialysis-dependent CKD stages 4 to 5 who were seen at an outpatient nephrology clinic. Predictor Trinary (ie, Yes, Neutral, or No) and binary (Yes or No) surprise question response. Outcomes Mortality, test-retest reliability, and blinded inter-rater reliability. Measurements Baseline comorbid conditions, Charlson Comorbidity Index, cause of CKD, and baseline laboratory values (ie, serum creatinine/estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum albumin, and hemoglobin). Results Median patient age was 71 years with median follow-up of 1.4 years, during which time 52 (13%) patients died. Using the trinary surprise question, providers responded Yes, Neutral, and No for 202 (52%), 80 (21%), and 106 (27%) patients, respectively. About 5%, 15%, and 27% of Yes, Neutral, and No patients died, respectively (P Limitations Single center, small number of deaths. Conclusions The surprise question associates with mortality in CKD stages 4 to 5 and demonstrates moderate to good reliability. Future studies should examine how best to deploy the surprise question to facilitate advance care planning in advanced non−dialysis-dependent CKD.
The landscape of fear conceptual framework: definition and review of current applications and misuses

Landscapes of Fear (LOF), the spatially explicit distribution of perceived predation risk as seen by a population, is increasingly cited in ecological literature and has become a frequently used "buzz-word". With the increase in popularity, it became necessary to clarify the definition for the term, suggest boundaries and propose a common framework for its use. The LOF, as a progeny of the "ecology of fear" conceptual framework, defines fear as the strategic manifestation of the cost-benefit analysis of food and safety tradeoffs. In addition to direct predation risk, the LOF is affected by individuals' energetic-state, inter- and intra-specific competition and is constrained by the evolutionary history of each species. Herein, based on current applications of the LOF conceptual framework, I suggest the future research in this framework will be directed towards: (1) finding applied management uses as a trait defining a population's habitat-use and habitat-suitability; (2) studying multi-dimensional distribution of risk-assessment through time and space; (3) studying variability between individuals within a population; (4) measuring eco-neurological implications of risk as a feature of environmental heterogeneity and (5) expanding temporal and spatial scales of empirical studies.
Cross-lagged panel analysis of depression and behavioral dysfunction in the first year after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury

Timely treatment of depression and behavioral dysfunction after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) could improve health, function, and quality of life. The authors hypothesized that 6-month depression would be the stronger contributor to later depression and behavioral dysfunction in a sample of 88 adults with moderate-to-severe TBI. A structural equation modeling cross-lagged panel analysis, adjusting for all 6-month predictors, revealed that 6-month depression had a stronger relationship to 12-month depression (βstand=0.55, p=0.002) and behavioral dysfunction (βstand=0.41, p=0.004) than did 6-month behavioral dysfunction (βstand=0.17, p=0.270, βstand=0.30, p=0.035). Depression may be in the developmental pathway to behavioral dysfunction, triggering a cycle of reciprocal causality.
Renin Gene Transfer Restores Angiogenesis and VEGF Expression in Dahl S Rats

P204 To evaluate the importance of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) in VEGF expression and angiogenesis in skeletal muscle, we compared the angiogenic response to electrical stimulation in congenic strains of SS/Jr/Hsd rats using a complementation test design. We have previously demonstrated that both increases in VEGF expression and angiogenesis induced by electrical stimulation of skeletal muscle were absent in inbred Dahl S rats having a wildtype renin allele (S/ren ss ). In contrast, the congenic S/ren rr in which a 10 cM segment of chromosome 13 containing the normally functioning salt resistant renin allele was transferred onto the Dahl S background, exhibit the expected changes in renin. In the present study we investigate the effects of electrical stimulation on VEGF expression and angiogenesis in these rats. Congenic S/ren rr and S/ren ss rats, fed a 0.4% salt diet were surgically prepared by chronic implantation of an electrical stimulator. Another group of S/ren rr rats was treated with lisinopril, 2 days before the surgery and throughout the stimulation protocol. Rats without any drug treatment were used as control. The right tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) were stimulated (10 Hz, 0.3 ms duration) for 8 hours per day for 7 days. The contralateral muscles served as controls. Western blot analysis was performed to identify VEGF protein expression in these muscles. Seven days of electrical stimulation of the skeletal muscles produced no change in vessel density of S/ren ss (Δ=5.50 ± 3.8 % and 8.14 ± 2.0 % for EDL and TA respectively). Transfer of the resistant renin allele (S/ren rr ) restored the angiogenic response (Δ=16% and 30% for EDL and TA, respectively) despite a significantly higher blood pressure (113.5 ± 2.25 mmHg and 148.67 ± 1.12 mmHg for S/ren ss and S/ren rr , respectively). Blockade of the RAS in S/ren rr restored the phenotype observed in the S/ren ss (Δ=1.46% and 1.9% to EDL and TA, respectively, p rr . These results demonstrate that RAS plays an important role in the regulation of VEGF expression and angiogenesis in skeletal muscle.
Laser self-termination in complex photonic molecules

We demonstrate numerically and analytically that laser self-termination can occur in complex photonic molecules made of more than two cavities. We also confirm our results in the presence of gain saturation nonlinearities.
O-004 A multicenter study evaluating the frequency and burden of mechanical thrombectomy on stroke centers

Introduction There is currently no published data evaluating the incidence of mechanical thrombectomy among stroke centers, the times at which they occur, or their burden on physicians that perform these procedures. Methods Ten institutions queried their stroke databases to identify all patients undergoing emergent angiography with intent to perform thrombectomy for ELVO during a three month time period (June 1 st , 2016 to August 31 st , 2016). Data collected included origin of patient, time of initial consultation or completion of angiographic imaging, time of groin puncture, time of groin closure, and day of the week. Results During the 92 day study period, a total of 189 patients underwent emergent angiography with intent to pursue mechanical thrombectomy for ELVO at the 10 centers. The average number of procedures per hospital over the study period was 18.9 (average of 0.2 cases per day per center). This ranged from 0.49 cases per day at the highest volume center to 0.09 cases per day at the lowest volume center. Most procedures (75%) started during daytime hours (6a-10p) with the majority of groin punctures occurring during non-work hours (59%; Figure). There was no differences in procedural frequency based on day of the week. The three-hour peak time period where most procedures were started was between 8pm and 11 pm (42 cases; 22.2% of the total). The median time from notification to groin puncture was 84 min (SEM 10.0, interquartile range 55.5–144.5) and median procedural time was 57 min (SEM 2.5, interquartile range 33–79.5 min). The average overall physician time required for each individual patient from time of notification until groin closure was just over 2.5 hours at 154 min (SEM 8.0, interquartile range 114–206.5). Time from imaging to puncture was longer during nighttime hours than during daytime (median 113 vs. 87 min; p=0.03) but procedural length did not differ based on time of day (p=0.21). Conclusion This is the first study to quantify the time requirement of mechanical thrombectomy and the call burden on neurointerventional physicians at stroke centers. Over a three month period at 10 stroke centers across the United States, mechanical thrombectomy procedures occurred once every 5 days on average, although nearly 60% occurred during non-work hours. As ELVO awareness increases, thrombectomy call has important operational implications for hospitals implementing stroke call coverage. Disclosures T. Wilson: None. T. Kim: None. C. Frey: None. A. Spiotta: None. R. de Leacy: None. J. Mocco: None. F. Albuquerque: None. A. Ducruet: None. A. Cheema: None. A. Arthur: None. V. Srinivasan: None. P. Kan: 2; C; Stryker; Medtronic. M. Mokin: None. T. Dumont: None. A. Rai: None. T. Leslie-Mazwi: None. J. Hirsch: None. J. Singh: None. J. Singh: None. S. Wolfe: None. K. Fargen: None.
Proximal Femur Nonunions

Hip fractures in adults are common among the elderly with low-energy falls but also o﻿ccur in younger patients with high-energy mechanisms. Most of these fractures are treated surgically generally proceeding to union when surgery is performed correctly. In the proximal femur, the femoral neck is most prone to nonunion but occurs in the intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric regions as w﻿ell. The surgeon should suspect nonunion if there is persistent pain in the region or loss of reduction. Varus deformity should particularly be scrutinized. Hardware failure is typically associated with nonunion. In addition to radiographs, CT scans can be useful to define the nonunion. The nonunion should then be analyzed for contributing factors. Not only should mechanical factors be taken into account, but also biologic factors both local and systemic should also be assessed to generate a treatment plan. Revision surgery may entail alternate fixation, bone graft, osteotomy, arthroplasty, or resection. The strategy chosen depends on nonunion location, causative factors, and patient needs. In the femoral neck, the valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy corrects varus and has a high success rate. It is technically demanding but somewhat less than a vascularized fibula, which has been advocated for nonunions with avascular necrosis. Arthroplasty has gained popularity in the older patient as a treatment for nonunion but is associated with lower success rates compared to primary arthroplasty. Intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric nonunions although uncommon are successfully treated with revision fixation.
Quantifying finite-momentum effects in the quark quasidistribution functions of mesons

The recently proposed large momentum effective theory (LaMET) of Ji [1] has led to a burst of activity among lattice practitioners to perform and control the first pioneering calculations of the quasi-PDFs of the nucleon. These calculations represent approximations to the standard, exact PDFs defined as correlation functions of fields with lightlike separation, being instead correlations along a longitudinal direction of the operator ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{z}$; as such, they differ from standard PDFs by a perturbative matching condition with power-suppressed $1/{p}_{z}^{2}$ corrections, becoming exact in the limit ${p}_{z}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$. Investigating the systematics of this behavior thus becomes crucial to understanding the validity of LaMET calculations. While this has been done using models for the nucleon, an analogous dedicated study has not been carried out for the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $\ensuremath{\rho}$ valence quark distribution functions. Using a constituent quark model, a systematic calculation is performed to estimate the size and $x$ dependence of the finite-${p}_{z}$ effects in these quasi-PDFs, finding them to be potentially tamer for lighter mesons than for the collinear quasi-PDFs of the nucleon.
Package stiffener optimization for high speed signal integrity and electromagnetic compatibility

In this paper, we study the electrical performance of a flip-chip ball grid array package assembled with a alloy steel stiffener on top. The metal plate on the chip package could create the cavity resonance at sensitive frequency bands, thus introducing couplings and interferences among high speed digital signals and analog or radio frequency signals. It affects the signal transmission, such as impedance and phase delay for surface microstrip routings. An electromagnetic field simulation is adopted to optimize the package stiffener shape for high speed signal integrity and electromagnetic compatibility. Proper positioning of stitching ground vias around the package edge would suppress the interference and radiation leakage. An experimental measurement using VNA and EM chamber is taken to validate the modeling results and signal performance. A good correlation is achieved to mitigate the design risks of different functioning scenarios.
To Be "Extraordinary:" Exploring Exceptionally Positive Deviance in People and Organizations

This symposium will explore the research and conceptual terrain that defines exceptional positive deviance: what it means to be "extraordinary" – and how it is achieved. Specifically, we will consi...
Low-Dimensional Feedback Control of the Von Karman Vortex Street at a Reynolds Number of 100

The effect of feedback flow control on the wake of a circular cylinder at a Reynolds number of 100 is investigated in direct numerical simulation. Our control approach uses a low dimensional model based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The controller applies linear proportional and differential feedback to the estimate of the first POD mode. Actuation is implemented by displacing the cylinder normal to the flow. The closed loop feedback simulations explore the effect of both fixed phase and variable phase feedback on the wake. While fixed phase feedback is effective in reducing drag and unsteady lift, it fails to stabilize once the low drag state has been reached. Variable phase feedback, however, achieves the same drag and unsteady lift reductions while being able to stabilize the flow in the low drag state. In the low drag state, the near wake is entirely steady, while the far wake exhibits vortex shedding at a reduced intensity. We achieved a drag reduction of close to 90% of the vortex-induced drag, and also lowered the unsteady lift force by an order of magnitude.
The "Circular" Problems of Calculating Risk: Dealing with Consanguinity.

An ongoing problem in the genetics clinic is the calculation of inbreeding coefficients and recurrence risks for complex pedigrees, particularly when multiple “loops” are present. Although the Human Genome Project promises information about more of our genes in the foreseeable future, the actual assignment of disease status to specific loci will continue at a slower pace, so that accurate risk calculations are needed. In the past few months several families with consanguinity were referred to us to confirm the calculations performed by the genetic counselor, and we became aware of some confusion in the field. We present here both (a) a clarification of definitions and concepts and (b) a review of how to perform the calculations, for several quantities (coefficient of relationship, coefficient of inbreeding, coefficient of kinship, and recurrence risk), in complex pedigrees. We discuss the availability of computer algorithms to assist in these calculations, and we encourage counselors to call on a reliable computer program for any but the simplest cases. At the same time, we reiterate our belief that computer algorithms do not relieve the counselor of the responsibility of knowing what to calculate and when.
Phenomenology, Ethnomethodology, and Family Discourse

Conventional approaches to family studies typically begin with an understanding or definition of the family that specifies its characteristics as a particular kind of group. This seems eminently reasonable, both commonsensically and as a social scientific practice. We all believe families to inhabit everyday life as concrete entities, and to study them we must clearly designate what is being observed. But how is the student of the family to take his or her encounters with people in the “real world” whose images of family seem radically different from the academic definitions? Consider, for example, the now-familiar refrain of the athlete who explains his team’s success by noting that “We have a good family atmosphere going” (Gubrium & Holstein, 1990, p. 140). Or what do we make of urban anthropologist Carol Stack’s (1974, p. 58) report that in the community she studied, “When friends more than adequately share the exchange of goods and services, they are called kinsmen … if two women of the same age are helping one another, they call their friend ‘just a sister’”?