cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lightweight server support for browser-based CSRF protection

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks are one of the top threats on the web today. These attacks exploit ambient authority in browsers (eg cookies, HTTP authentication state), turning them into confused deputies and causing undesired side effects on vulnerable web sites. Existing defenses against CSRFs fall short in their coverage and/or ease of deployment. In this paper, we present a browser/server solution, Allowed Referrer Lists (ARLs), that addresses the root cause of CSRFs and removes ambient authority for participating web sites that want to be resilient to CSRF attacks. Our solution is easy for web sites to adopt and does not affect any functionality on non-participating sites. We have implemented our design in Firefox and have evaluated it with real-world sites. We found that ARLs successfully block CSRF attacks, are simpler to implement than existing defenses, and do not significantly impact browser performance.
Myung Oh & James F. Larson, Digital Development in Korea: Building an information society

South Korea is well-known for its remarkable technology-driven economy and digitally connected society. The media often portray Korea as one of the most wired nations in the world and frequently publish images of Koreans streaming TV to mobile phones while riding the subway and using them to pay for bus fares. However, despite the large volume of industry and press reports, there is a scarcity of scholarly documents examining the detailed history of South Korea’s information and communication technology development (ICTD). In Digital Development in Korea: Building an Information Society, Authors Myung Oh and James F. Larson attempt to bridge this gap by leveraging Oh’s direct involvement during the 1980s in the creation of Korea’s telecommunication policy as a means to further understand the country’s journey to becoming a leading global example of an information society. Their book is relevant not only to leaders in developing countries who wish to create a recipe for successful ICTD but also to scholars who are interested in the role of communications technologies as a catalyst for economic growth.
Initiation of the last ice age in Canada by extreme precipitation resulting from a cascade of oceanic salinity increases

Numerical modeling has failed to confirm the classical Milankovitch hypothesis of initiation of the last ice age by Northern Hemisphere high latitude cooling due to decreasing summer insolation caused by orbital effects. The modeling failed to confirm ice sheet growth even with a widespread layer of glacial ice as an initial condition to embody positive feedback. The failure probably occurred because the initial conditions of the calculation did not include the actual effects of an altered climate in northeastern Canada that brought a sharp cooling to Europe and extreme amounts of precipitation to cloud-covered lands west of Greenland. In the conceptual model proposed here, diminishing orbital summer insolation in northern Africa is causally linked to this regional climate change by a cascade of oceanic salinity changes. The summer cooling in northern Africa weakened the monsoons, reduced the Nile River flow, and increased Mediterranean salinity and outflow at Gibraltar. The salt in the outflow contributes substantially to the salinities of the North Atlantic Drift and the Greenland Sea, to the formation rate of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) there, and to the northward flow of the Spitsbergen-Atlantic Current (SAC) that replaces the sinking NADW. When the increasing salt in the Mediterranean outflow made the SAC replacement flow sufficiently strong, the flow penetrated into the polar ocean along the north coast of Greenland. Denser and more saline Atlantic water then replaced the polar water flowing southward into Baffin Bay through the Nares Strait and Lancaster Sound, thus eliminating the stratification in the bay that enables freezing of winter sea ice. Without the southward flow of sea ice out of Baffin Bay, the Labrador Sea became much warmer. The warmer seas west of Greenland then triggered a persistent cyclonic circulation that caused large amounts of precipitation in eastern Canada and a much colder northern Europe. The resulting Canadian erosion yielded a 500yr-long deep-sea sediment record of the ice-free condition. Heavy snowfall started new ice sheet growth on Baffin Island, northern Quebec, Labrador, western Greenland, and the Barents Sea, causing world sea level to fall at a rate of 0.5cmyr -1 . The modern increasing salinity of the Mediterranean Sea and extension of SAC flow into the polar ocean are now following the cascade steps toward an ice-free Baffin Bay and possible near term regional climate deterioration.
Nematode repetitive DNA with ARS and segregation function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract Several members of a repetitive DNA family in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have been shown to express ARS and centromeric function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The repetitive family, denoted CeRep3, consists of dispersed repeated elements about 1 kilobase in length, present 50 to 100 times in the nematode genome. Three elements were sequenced and found to contain DNA sequences homologous to yeast ARS and CEN consensus sequences. Nematode DNA segments containing these repeats were tested for ARS and CEN (or SEG) function after ligation to shuttle vectors and introduction into yeast cells. Such nematode segments conferred ARS function to the plasmid, as judged by an increased frequency of transformation compared with control plasmids without ARS function. Some, but not all, also conferred to the plasmid increased mitotic stability, increased frequency of 2+:2- segregation in meiosis, and decreased plasmid copy number. These effects are similar to those of yeast centromeric DNA. In view of these results, we suggest that the CeRep3 repetitive family may have replication and centromeric functions in C. elegans.
POSSIBLE EXISTENCE OF A SPIN-2 REGGE RECURRENCE OF THE $sup 1$S$sub 0$ p--p POLE (THE UNBOUND DIPROTON).

A model is developed wherein the $^{1}D_{2}p\ensuremath{-}p$ partial-wave amplitude is coupled through $\frac{N}{D}$ equations to a second, inelastic channel containing a proton and a second particle in a relative $S$ wave. The mass of the second particle is "smeared out" according to an appropriate Breit-Wigner form around the (3,3) resonance at $1260\ensuremath{-}i120$ MeV. The phenomenological potential is adjusted to fit the elastic $^{1}D_{2}$ phase shift to 400 MeV and the existing imprecise data at 660 MeV. The model, when adjusted to fit experiment, predicts a pole on the second Riemann sheet at $400\ensuremath{-}i300$ MeV. This pole may be interpreted as a bound state in the inelastic channel and has quantum numbers ($I=1$, $B=2$, $J=2$) consistent with the spin-2 Regge recurrence of the pole in the $^{1}S_{0}$ amplitude, the "unbound" diproton. An alternative coupled-channel model is developed which fits the elastic data but which does not predict the pole. The high-energy predictions for elastic scattering which are derived from the second model are found to differ drastically from those of the first model and from the predictions of various theories for high-energy inelastic processes.
Multiple traumatic insemination events reduce the ability of bed bug females to maintain water balance.

To examine how traumatic insemination, a wounding process to females inflicted by males during copulation, reduces the longevity of females of the bedbug, Cimexlectularius, we assessed if multiple bouts of mating impact water relations of females by measuring net transpiration water loss rates. Our studies show that net transpiration rate of females correlates with frequency of mating (small increase after exposure to low numbers of males; large increase after exposure to large numbers of males), and this is reflected by reduced female survivorship for as much as 22 days at 75% RH, 25°C. Water loss occurs up to 28% more rapidly in females after being held with large groups of males. Females that were exposed to males having their paramere removed, females exposed only to other females, and females kept in isolation (unmated) exhibited no reduction in ability to retain water, indicating that traumatic insemination was responsible for the net transpiration rate increase. Mechanical piercing of the female’s abdominal wall leads to increased net transpiration rates for longer periods than puncturing the ectospermalege (regular mating site), implying that inaccurate copulation by males is extremely detrimental to the water balance of females and that the ectospermalege is uniquely modified to seal off more quickly to prevent excess water loss. Mating frequency and the associated increased water loss is considerably reduced by the addition of bed bug alarm pheromone components. Thus, females experience elevated water stress due to traumatic insemination, especially at high levels and when males fail to pierce the ectospermalege, and water loss prevention, likely by more rapid sealing of the wound, is a novel function of the ectopsermalege.
Addressing aggregation bias in zonal recreation models.

Abstract Models of recreation demand are often based on zonal data. Results from such models are susceptible to aggregation bias. We propose a zonal model of recreation that captures some of the underlying heterogeneity of individual visitors by incorporating distributional information on per-capita income from census sources into the aggregate demand function. This adjustment eliminates the unrealistic constraint of constant income across zonal residents, and thus reduces the risk of aggregation bias in estimated parameters. In addition, the corrected aggregate specification reinstates the applicability of generalized maximum-likelihood methods, and increases model efficiency.
On the asymptotic properties of the LQG feedforward self-tuner

In this paper, we investigate the stability and convergence of the indirect adaptive LQG feedforward controller, designed in order to precompensate the effect of the measurable disturbances, for a general S1SO non-minimum-phase stable plant. We study the equilibrium set of the associated ODE and obtain a necessary condition and some sufficient conditions on the parameters of the original plant structure, such that the limit set contains only the true parameter vector. As shown by some examples, the limit set, in general, contains points which do not correspond to the true parameter vector nor yield an optimal controller design. Simulation results show that in certain cases, when no extra excitation is present, the parameter estimates can indeed converge to such limit points, meaning that the adaptive system is not self-tuning. Finally, the global stability and convergence of the adaptive controller, based on the stochastic gradient algorithm, are established and it is shown that if the exogenous input is ...
Victims of Crime and of the Criminal Justice System

In Parallel Justice for Victims of Crime, the author, Susan Herman, systematically and succinctly documents the United States's current response to victims of crimes, including recent advancements ...
Modulation of P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux by prodrug derivatization : An approach involving peptide transporter-mediated influx across rabbit cornea

The aim of this study was to investigate the modulation of efflux mechanisms using transporter- targeted prodrug derivatization of a model P-gp substrate, quinidine. The L-valine, L-valine-valine esters of quinidine, val-quinidine (VQ), and val-val-quinidine (VVQ) were synthesized in our laboratory, respectively. [14C] erythromycin was chosen to delineate the affinity of quinidine (Q) toward P-gp. [3H] glycylsarcosine (GS, or glysar) was chosen as a model peptide transporter (PEPT) substrate. Uptake studies were performed on rPCEC (rabbit primary corneal epithelial culture) using 12-well plates. Transport studies were conducted with isolated rabbit corneas at 34°C. Efflux of [14C] erythromycin was significantly increased in the presence of quinidine, whereas it was unaltered in the presence of VQ and VVQ. VVQ was more stable, both in buffers and tissue homogenate. Transport of VQ and VVQ was inhibited with GS, and their permeability values were 1.5 and 3 times higher than the permeability of quinidine, re...
The technological balance of payments as an indicator of technology transfer in OECD countries. The case of Italy

Abstract In this paper the technological balance of payments (TBP) is considered as an indicator of international technology transfer. A description is given of the procedures currently used in Italy for the statistical recording of currency transactions related to TBP and to non-connected technical assistance, together with the results of a survey for the twofold purpose of evaluating the technological content of the data survey operations and in order to propose modifications to the survey questionnaire. The presentation and analysis of the latest data available on the Italian TBP, as well as that of other OECD countries, is followed by an illustration of the results of a study in which transactions for patents, licences, know-how and technical assistance are analysed in a broader context of international technology transfer, together with those referring to plant, machinery, raw materials and intermediate products. The paper also contains a discussion of the modifications made by the Italian Exchange Office to the statistical survey method, as well as of the recommendations contained in the TBP Manual used by the OECD for the purpose of enhancing data compatibility at the international level. Lastly, several considerations are made concerning the impact of methodological changes and the opening up of European markets on the capacity of TBP to provide indications of use to businessmen and scholars in interpreting the complex phenomenon of technology transfer.
Performance of low pH biofilters treating a paint solvent mixture: Continuous and intermittent loading

Two biofilters packed with a reticulated polyurethane foam medium were inoculated with a compost-derived enrichment culture grown under acidic conditions (pH 3.0) and then operated over a period lasting 63 days. Both biofilters were supplied with a humidified gas stream containing a five-component mixture of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, ethylbenzene, and p-xylene at a total VOC loading rate 80.3 gm(-3)h(-1) to simulate treatment of air emissions resulting from manufacture of reformulated paint. One biofilter was operated under continuous loading conditions and the other received intermittent loading with contaminants supplied only 8 h/day. Nutrient solution with pH 3.0 was supplied approximately once per week to provide nitrogen and other nutrients. Data are presented which demonstrate that undefined mixed cultures acclimated at low pH can successfully treat paint solvent mixtures in biofilters. The biofilter receiving continuous loading reached high overall removal efficiency (greater than 90% overall removal) 3 weeks after startup, and performance increased over time reaching overall removal in the range of 97-99% after 50 days. Performance of the intermittently loaded biofilter developed more slowly, requiring 6 weeks to stabilize at an overall removal efficiency in excess of 90%. In both biofilters, ketone components were more rapidly degraded than aromatic components, and removal of aromatic compounds was somewhat unstable even after 2 months of biofilter operation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that fungi dominated the microbial populations in both biofilters.
Convenient Synthesis of Monobenzylated Hydrazides via Aqueous Zinc-Mediated Addition Reactions

Abstract Addition of substituted benzyl bromides to dialkyl azodicarboxylates under aqueous zinc-mediated addition conditions occurs readily to afford monobenzylated hydrazides in good to excellent yields. The reaction is tolerant of a variety of substituents on the benzyl bromide ring. Several dialkyl azodicarboxylates were successfully tested under the reaction conditions. The limitations of the reaction are also addressed. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® for the following free supplemental resource(s): Full experimental and spectral details.]
Solar thermal propulsion status and future

The status of solar absorber/thruster research is reviewed, and potential future applications and advanced solar thermal propulsion concepts are discussed. Emphasis is placed on two concepts, the windowless heat exchanger cavity and the porous material absorption concepts. Mission studies demonstrate greater than 50 percent increase in payload compared to chemical propulsion for a LEO-to-GEO mission. Alternative missions that have been considered for this concept include the Thousand Astronomical Unit mission, LEO-to-lunar orbit, and other SEI missions. It is pointed out that solar thermal propulsion is inherently simple and capable of moderate-to-high engine performance at moderate-to-low thrust levels. 15 refs.
Electron density redistribution accounts for half the cooperativity of α helix formation

The energy of alpha helix formation is well known to be highly cooperative, but the origin and relative importance of the contributions to helical cooperativity have been unclear. Here we separate the energy of helix formation into short range and long range components by using two series of helical dimers of variable length. In one dimer series two monomeric helices interact by forming hydrogen bonds, while in the other they are coupled only through long range, primarily electrostatic interactions. Using Density Functional Theory, we find that approximately half of the cooperativity of helix formation is due to electrostatic interactions between residues, while the other half is due to nonadditive many-body effects brought about by redistribution of electron density with helix length.
Occupational silica exposure as a risk factor for scleroderma: a meta-analysis

Among potential environmental risk factors for systemic sclerosis (SSc), occupational exposures have received some attention. In this meta-analysis, we examined the association between SSc and occupational exposure to silica. We searched Medline, Toxline, BIOSIS, and Embase (1949 and November 2009) for original articles published in any language. Sixteen studies are included in the analysis, of which, 3 are cohort studies, 9 case–control and 4 are of other designs. The combined estimator of relative risk (CERR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using fixed or random effect models. Significant heterogeneity was detected (I 2 = 97.2%; P < 0.01), and the CERR was 3.20 (95% CI, 1.89–5.43). The CERR for studies in females was 1.03 (95% CI, 0.74–1.44) and was 3.02 (95% CI, 1.24–7.35) for males. The CERR for case–control studies was 2.24 (95% CI, 1.65–3.31) and was 15.49 (95% CI, 4.54–52.87) for cohort studies. The findings suggest that silica exposure may be a significant risk factor for developing SSc and specifically in males. Further observational studies examining the role of occupational silica exposure in the context of other risk factors are needed.
Functional selectivity of GPCR signaling in animals

At one time, G protein-coupled receptors were envisioned to simply relay either inhibitory or stimulatory binary signals through engaging particular G proteins. These receptors are now viewed as complex, multidimensional triggers of a variety of potential signaling cascades. This review will showcase current attempts to elucidate biased signaling and functional selectivity in tissues and organs as well as in the whole animal. In addition, it will emphasize the challenges that are inherent in attributing bias in a living system as well as offer opinions as to the manner in which these problems may be approached.
An output-capacitor-free buck converter with nano-second-DVS and sub-switching-cycle load transient response

An output-capacitor-free switching buck converter is proposed in this paper. By removing the off-chip capacitor, both the PCB footprint and system volume can be reduced. Due to the smaller output capacitance and added pull-up/down power transistors, the dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) tracking speed can be improved to nano-seconds/volt level. The load transient response of the proposed switching converter is also improved within one switching cycle. The proposed buck converter is designed with TSMC 0.35-μm CMOS process, regulating a 1.2∼1.8V output voltage from a 3-V input power supply at 2-MHz switching frequency. A 63-ns/V DVS tracking speed is achieved with 100-pF filtering capacitor. The output voltage is recovered within one switching cycle when a 270mW load change occurs.
Diminished response of Werner's syndrome fibroblasts to growth factors PDGF and FGF

Patients with Werner's syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder, undergo an accelerated aging process that leads to premature death. Fibroblasts from such patients typically grow poorly in culture. Here it is shown that fibroblasts from a patient with Werner's syndrome have a markedly attenuated mitogenic response to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). In contrast, they have a full mitogenic response to fetal bovine serum. Both PDGF binding and receptor numbers per cell are unaltered. The Werner's syndrome cells express high constitutive levels of collagenase in vitro. Although PDGF enhances collagenase expression through increased levels of hybridizable collagenase messenger RNA in normal skin fibroblasts, no induction of collagenase occurs in the Werner's syndrome fibroblasts. Moreover, the failure to respond to this agonist effect of PDGF is not restored by fetal bovine serum. The data suggest that failure of one or more PDGF-mediated pathways in Werner's syndrome cells may contribute to the phenotypic expression of the disorder.
Preschool Lending Libraries: What Works?

Comprehensive lending libraries that included books for children and adults, videos, toys, games, and puzzles were an integral part of a program designed to reduce the likelihood of future substance abuse in children attending preschool centers in high‐risk neighborhoods in Wilmington, Delaware. This study examined 4 centers to identify possible factors resulting in higher library usage by parents. Quantitative data included tabulations of monthly library usage and inventories of materials. Qualitative data consisted of interviews, on‐site observations, and results of a parent focus group. Differences in check‐out activity among the centers were assessed by the Kruskal‐Wallis. Significance levels were #lt.001 for adult books, children's books, and videos, and #lt.01 for manipulative materials. Patterns of differences among the centers as well as the inventories and qualitative data identified several possible contributing factors to higher usage by parents: physical issues, guidelines, special events, sta...
Characterization of Flavonols in Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) Powder

Flavonoids were extracted from cranberry powder with acetone and ethyl acetate and subsequently fractionated with Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The fraction eluted with a 60% methanol solution was composed primarily of phenolic constituents with maximum absorbance at 340 nm. A high-performance liquid chromatography procedure was developed, which resolved 22 distinct peaks with UV/vis and mass spectra corresponding to flavonol glycoside conjugates. Six new constituents not previously reported in cranberry or in cranberry products were determined through NMR spectroscopy to be myricetin-3-β-xylopyranoside, quercetin-3-β-glucoside, quercetin-3-α-arabinopyranoside, 3‘-methoxyquercetin-3-α-xylopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-(6‘ ‘-p-coumaroyl)-β-galactoside, and quercetin-3-O-(6‘ ‘-benzoyl)-β-galactoside. Quercetin-3-O-(6‘ ‘-p-coumaroyl)-β-galactoside and quercetin-3-O-(6‘ ‘-benzoyl)-β-galactoside represent a new class of cranberry flavonol compounds with three conjugated components consisting of a flavonol,...
Molecular Tuning of Quantum Plasmon Resonances

Metallic nanoparticles exhibit plasmon resonances, which are collective, coherent oscillations of their conduction electrons that can couple very efficiently to light. Originally a subfield of condensed-matter physics, the past decade has seen tremendous growth of plasmonics as an interdisciplinary field spanning chemistry, materials science, and biology. On page 1496 of this issue, Tan et al. ( 1 ) discuss an experiment that will almost certainly further fuel this growth—the coupling of plasmon excitations to molecular conduction. The merging of plasmonics with molecular electronics promises both novel fundamental discoveries and new applications.
Analytical approach for placement and sizing of distributed generation on distribution systems

An analytical method for placement and sizing of distributed generation on power distribution systems for loss reduction is introduced. The proposed analytical method is developed based on a new formulation for the power flow problem, which is non-iterative, direct, and involves no convergence issues even for systems with high R/X branch ratios. Further, this power flow solution is extremely useful whenever fast and repetitive power flow estimations are required. A priority list based on loss sensitivity factors is developed to determine the optimal locations of the candidate distributed generation units. Sensitivity analysis is performed to estimate the optimal size and power factor of the candidate distributed generation units. Various types of distributed generators (DGs) have been dealt with and viable solutions are proposed to reduce total system loss. The proposed method has been tested on 33-bus and 69-bus distribution systems, which are extensively used as examples in solving the placement and sizing problem of DGs. Exhaustive power flow routines are also performed to verify the sizes obtained by the analytical method. The test results show that the proposed analytical method could lead to optimal or near-optimal solution, while requiring lower computational effort.
Physicochemical stability of two types of intravenous lipid emulsion as total nutrient admixtures.

Background: Recent data have demonstrated that total nutrient admixtures (TNAs) are unstable when the percentage of fat (PFAT) globules >5 μm in diameter constitute >0.4% of the total fat present and therefore can be considered pharmaceutically unfit for human administration. Methods: We studied five nutritionally balanced TNAs using two different products of different oil composition designed to feed adult patients weighing 40 to 80 kg in 10 kg increments, which were given in final volumes equal to 25 mL/kg. Final concentrations of amino acids, dextrose, and lipids were held constant for each weight level. To provide cationic stress within clinical limits, calcium and magnesium were given in amounts equal to three times the usual daily dose, at 15 mmol each. Five TNAs were made in duplicate and for each product (n = 20) and studied over 5 days. Lipid droplet counts were determined by laser light extinction and conducted at five intervals; immediately after preparation at time 1 (T1), after 4 days at 4°C ± 2°C (T2), and then at 6 (T3), 24 (T4), and 30 (T5) hours during storage at 25°C ± 1°C. At T3, a simulated patient infusion, set at a rate to deliver the entire volume over the next 24 hours, was begun. Samples taken at T3, T4, and T5, equal to 0, 18, and 24 hours, respectively, of the simulated patient infusion, were collected from the terminal infusion port of the IV administration set. Mean particle size (MPS) was determined by dynamic light scatter at T1, T3, and T5. Dependent variable analyses included the PFAT globules >1.75 and 5 μm and MPS. A repeated-measure two-way ANOVA assessing treatment and time was performed. Results: The MCT/LCT-based TNAs had significantly fewer enlarged fat globules >1.75 μm (p 5 μm (p =.046), and smaller MPS (p <.0001) than TNAs made with the pure LCT emulsion. Of the 20 TNAs studied, 4 demonstrated visible evidence of instability (ie, heavy creaming or free oil), each occurring on day 5 only with the 70- and 80-kg LCT-based TNAs, and no evidence of instability with admixtures prepared from MCT/LCT lipid emulsions (X 2 analysis: p <.05). Conclusions: Because the final macronutrient concentrations were held constant, the instability seen with the LCT-based TNAs of higher volumes may result from dilution of the electrolyte concentrations that unfavorably alters the electrical double layer and irreversibly commits the emulsion to an unstable state. The greater physicochemical stability achieved with the MCT/LCT-based TNAs, in turn, likely results from the smaller lipid droplet sizes, which may be an inherent property of MCTs.
Religious Diversity and Community Volunteerism Among Asian Americans

We examine whether religious membership and participation foster community volunteerism among a religiously diverse group of Asian Americans. We use data from the Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey (SCCBS), the only data set that contains both a large, national sample of Asian Americans and detailed questions on religious and civic participation. Asian-American Protestants, Catholics, and adherents of non-Christian religions are involved in community volunteerism to varying degrees. Surprisingly, however, fewer Hindus and Buddhists volunteer when compared to the nonaffiliated. We use these results to propose theoretical concepts that take into account the impact of a religion's structure as well as the double-minority status faced by nonwhite and non-Christian Asian Americans on the likelihood of volunteering. Our findings indicate that accepted predictors of community volunteerism may operate differently among new nonwhite immigrants and their children than in the general U.S. population; this provides building blocks for future research on religion and civic participation among nonwhite and non-Christian populations.
Effect of aromatic monomers on production of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes by white-rot and brown-rot fungi

The effects were studied of 12 monomeric aromatic compounds on the production of six carbohydrate-degrading enzymes of two brown-rot fungi, Postia placenta and Gloeophyllum trabeum, and one white-rot fungus, Coriolus versicolor. Most compounds were inhibitory to growth of the decay fungi at concentrations of 0.05%. At lower concentrations, the phenolics often stimulated growth. Relatively high concentrations (> 0.1%) of aromatic monomers were required to inhibit xylanase of P. placenta in situ. The effects of the monomers incorporated in liquid media on enzyme production varied depending on compound and fungal species. Some compounds were quite inhibitory to production of enzyme activities at very low concentrations. For example, catechol and vanillin (50 ppm) caused 100% inhibition of xylanase and β-1,4-endoglucanase production by P. placenta. However, no aromatic monomer was strongly inhibitory to production of all enzyme activities of all fungi.
Purification and partial characterization of a heat-resistant, cytosolic neuropeptidase from rat liver.

Abstract A cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8)-degrading peptidase was purified from rat liver cytosol by heat precipitation of other proteins followed by gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography and preparative gel electrophoresis, using a silicate binding assay to quantitate the degradation of radiolabeled CCK-8. The purified peptidase (M r ∼ 60,000) had a pH optimum of 6.0; its activity was inhibited by EDTA and 1, 10-phenanthroline but not by phosphoramidon, calpain inhibitor I, bestatin or bacitracin. CCK-8 peptidase rapidly degraded radiolabeled Metenkephalin as well as 125 I-CCK-8, but not a series of other unrelated peptides. Unlabeled Leuenkephalin, β-casomorphin and neurotensin competitively inhibited the degradation of 125 I-CCK-8, suggesting that these opioids are also substrates for the enzyme. These data suggest that this protein is a novel hepatic enzyme which may play a role in the degradation of neuropeptides.
Slide tracheoplasty for the management of complete tracheal rings

Abstract Background/purpose Although rare, complete tracheal rings are the most common cause of congenital tracheal stenosis. The last 2 decades have seen an evolution in management, with increasing awareness of the potential advantages of slide tracheoplasty. Methods Between March 2001 and August 2002, 11 children had complete tracheal rings corrected by slide tracheoplasty. Ages ranged from newborn to 15 years, and weight ranged from 1.8 to 57 kg. Length of stenosis ranged from 3 rings to virtually the whole length of the trachea. The most narrow point in the airway varied from less than 1.9 mm to 4.8 mm. Eight children had other congenital anomalies, severe in one child. Most children underwent repair on cardiopulmonary bypass. Results Nine children are asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic, although 2 have endoscopic evidence of mild residual tracheal stenosis. One child, who had been unstable pre-operatively, died of multiple organ failure 7 weeks postoperatively. A second child required a tracheotomy for bronchomalacia at 6 months and died at 9 months with tracheotomy tube occlusion. Both children had adequate tracheal repairs. Complications have included lateral tracheal stenosis (the "Figure 8" trachea) and recurrent laryngeal nerve damage. Conclusions Our management of complete tracheal rings has evolved over the last decade, and slide tracheoplasty currently is our preferred surgical approach for tracheal stenosis regardless of the length of narrowing.
Education, Gender, and the Compression of Morbidity:

According to the Compression of Morbidity (CM) hypothesis, people who exercise, eat nutritiously, do not smoke, and maintain good weight, i.e., people who practice healthy habits, will be more like...
Forming Composites of Cognitive Ability and Alternative Measures to Predict Job Performance and Reduce Adverse Impact: Corrected Estimates and Realistic Expectations

Although there has been empirical attention paid to the criterion-related validity of predictor composites, there has been much less attention paid to the standardized ethnic group differences associated with these composites. One important area of inquiry in predictor composite research is the influence of adding predictors to a test of general mental ability. The limited empirical literature on this practice is mixed, but the prevailing expectation is that there is likely to be higher validity and less adverse impact. Unfortunately, much of the previous work is limited by the presence of inaccurate validity and standardized ethnic group difference values. In this analysis we formed meta-analytic matrices to more accurately estimate the validity and standardized ethnic group differences of several composites that combine a measure of cognitive ability with measures of conscientiousness, a structured interview, or biodata. While results were somewhat complex, we found that adding alternative predictors does not result in a situation in which validity automatically goes up and adverse impact potential automatically goes down. In fact, the reductions in adverse impact (if any) from adding “non-cognitive” predictors were more modest than much of the literature suggests.
Abstract 1053: DNMT3B7 alters E-cadherin expression and cell proliferation in breast cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Breast cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States and the progression from non-invasive to invasive/metastatic disease correlates with an increased risk of death. Changes in DNA methylation have been shown to be important in breast cancers. However, the mechanism by which cancer cells acquire and maintain abnormal methylation is not well understood. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are responsible for monitoring and altering DNA methylation patterns in cells. Interestingly, we have identified many aberrant DNMT3B transcripts in cancer cells compared to normal cells. Therefore, we hypothesize that aberrant DNMT3B isoforms alter gene and protein expression to promote tumor progression in breast cancer cells. Our studies indicate that the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 express many aberrant DNMT3B isoforms including DNMT3B7 and ΔDNMT3B6. Interestingly, the invasive MDA-MB-231 cells express increased levels of DNMT3B7 and ΔDNMT3B6 compared to the poorly invasive MCF-7 cells. To further our studies, poorly invasive MCF-7 cells were stably transfected with a DNMT3B7 expression construct to determine the role of this aberrant transcript in tumor progression. Preliminary data indicate that the increased expression of DNMT3B7 in these cells correlates with a significant increase in growth. Specifically, cells expressing more DNMT3B7 grow faster than those with lower levels of the aberrant protein. Furthermore, E-cadherin expression is inversely correlated with DNMT3B7 expression indicating that the expression of this aberrant protein may lead to a more aggressive phenotype. Finally, soft agar assays have been performed to determine the functional significance of these findings. The novel results presented in this study suggest the need for additional studies to determine the role of aberrant DNMT3B transcripts in cancer. Ultimately, this work may lead to a better understanding of breast cancer progression and the development of novel therapeutics. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1053. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1053
A review of studies of garlic (Allium sativum) on serum lipids and blood pressure before and after 1994: does the amount of allicin released from garlic powder tablets play a role?

Objective To identify studies measuring garlic powder tablets effects on systolic and diastolic blood pressure and to investigate if studies published prior to January 1994 would perform better than those published later.
Small‐Angle Neutron Scattering Studies of Protein‐Reversed Micelle Complexes

Enzymes solubilized in organic solvents, hosted within the polar cores of surfactant aggregates, known as reversed micelles, provide many unique opportunities for new biocatalytic synthesis and protein separation processes. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) studies have shown that insertion of the protein cytochrome-c in the reversed micelle polar core causes a significant reapportioning of the surfactants and water between the filled and unfilled micelles, leading to an increase in overall size of the filled micelles relative to their empty counterparts. The simple shell and core model assuming single occupancy of the reversed micelles has significant limitations in interpreting data for high protein loadings, and points to the need for more detailed characterization of the protein-reversed micelle interactions.
Upper Limit of 3.3 Astronomical Units to the Diameter of the Galactic Center Radio Source Sgr A

Sagittarius (Sgr) A * is a unique radio source located at the center of our galaxy. The radiation from Sgr A * may be generated in matter accreting onto a massive black hole. In observations at long wavelengths, the apparent angular size of Sgr A * decreases in the manner expected for emission from a point source scattered by electron density fluctuations along the line of sight. Measurements at a wavelength of 7 millimeters with the nearly completed Very Long Baseline Array indicate a size of 0.7 milliarc seconds, which is consistent with an extrapolation from results at longer wavelengths. The true size of Sgr A * must be less than 0.4 milliarc seconds, or 3.3 astronomical units. The inferred black hole mass is less than 1.5 x 10 6 solar masses according to a recent model for the emission.
Monoclonal antibodies specific for rat relaxin. VII. Passive immunization with monoclonal antibodies throughout the second half of pregnancy prevents development of normal mammary nipple morphology and function in rats.

We recently demonstrated that relaxin-dependent development of the mammary nipples during the second half of pregnancy is required for pup survival during lactation in the rat. The two related objectives of this investigation were to 1) characterize the effects of endogenous relaxin on the histological modifications that normally occur in the mammary nipples, and 2) test the hypothesis that the cause of lactational failure in relaxin-deficient rats is attributable to failure of the nipples to grow and develop during the second half of pregnancy. Endogenous relaxin was neutralized by daily iv injection of a highly purified monoclonal antibody specific for rat relaxin (MCA1) to intact rats from days 12-22 of pregnancy. Mammary nipples were collected on day 22 of pregnancy and routinely prepared for light microscopy. Tissue cross-sections (6 microns) obtained from the midpoint of mammary nipples were stained with either Gomori's trichrome stain (to visualize collagen) or orcein (to visualize elastin). Nipple...
Implementable Algorithm for Stochastic Optimization Using Sample Average Approximations

We develop an implementable algorithm for stochastic optimization problems involving probability functions. Such problems arise in the design of structural and mechanical systems. The algorithm consists of a nonlinear optimization algorithm applied to sample average approximations and a precision-adjustment rule. The sample average approximations are constructed using Monte Carlo simulations or importance sampling techniques. We prove that the algorithm converges to a solution with probability one and illustrate its use by an example involving a reliability-based optimal design.
Wireless Excitation and Electrical Impedance Matching of Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors

Wireless ultrasound inspections using Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors (PWAS) are attractive for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). However, the impedance mismatch between the PWAS and the wireless transponder reduces the wirelessly transmitted signal strength. Electrical Impedance Matching (EIM) circuit can be introduced to maximize the power transmission between the PWAS and the wireless transponder. This paper discusses the wireless excitation of ultrasound as well as the design, simulation, and characterization of the EIM networks for PWAS. To maximize power transmission, a two port EIM network was developed using a computerized smith chart. The equivalent circuit of the PWAS and the EIM network were then combined to establish the equivalent circuit of the matched transducer. Computer simulations were carried out to evaluate the gain, the bandwidth, and the sensitivity of the EIM networks. Two-port EIM networks were implemented for both the actuator and the sensor in an ultrasound pitch-catch inspection system. The performance of the pitch-catch systems with and without the EIM networks was compared. Detailed analysis, simulation, hardware implementation, and measurement results are presented.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Absolute proton stability in unified models of strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions

Abstract We show that the proton can be made absolutely stable, without introducing superheavy bosons, by imposing a global U(1) color symmetry on the Higgs couplings of the theory. Vector-like SU(5) and SU(6) models are discussed in detail.
The prediction of cutting forces in the ball-end milling process—I. Model formulation and model building procedure

Abstract This paper presents a model for the prediction of cutting forces in the ball-end milling process. The steps used in developing the force model are based on the mechanistic principles of metal cutting. The cutting forces are calculated on the basis of the engaged cut geometry, the underformed chip thickness distribution along the cutting edges, and the empirical relationships that relate the cutting forces to the undeformed chip geometry. A simplified cutter runout model, which characterizes the effect of cutter axis offset and tilt on the undeformed chip geometry, has been formulated. A model building procedure based on experimentally measured average forces and the associated runout data is developed to identify the numerical values of the empirical model parameters for the particular workpiece/cutter combination.
The removal of items from short-term storage

A series of five experiments was carried out to determine what factors are involved in the removal of items from STS in free recall tasks. The technique used was to vary characteristics of delay tasks given after list presentation. The alternatives considered were ( a ) information load or task difficulty, ( b ) interference effects stemming from similarity, ( c ) number of words processed, ( d ) passage of time. The results indicated that the number of words processed is the critical variable. The other variables listed above showed little or no effect on STS. A simple displacement model for STS was discussed.
Electrically resonant transducer for a gravitational wave antenna

One of the leading problems in gravitational wave detection is the construction of an optimized transducer capable of reaching the predicted sensitivity limit set by the amplifier noise. Existing transducers, when used with ultra‐low noise amplifiers, are far from this limit. In this paper, electrical tuning is proposed to improve the match between the mechanical oscillator and the amplifier in the case of an inductively coupled electromechanical transducer. A detailed calculation of the sensitivity of this device is carried out. This calculation shows substantial improvement over the untuned system. The requirement on the tuning is shown to be noncritical. The most severe requirement is the one imposed by the electrical losses in the resonating capacitor.
Planning, building and operating the information security and assurance laboratory

With increasing interest by students and faculty in Information Security (InfoSec) Curriculum, and increasing demand for information security professionals from industry, many institutions are beginning the task of creating an information security program. Within these programs of study, it is important that the faculty and administrators planning the facilities and curriculum for InfoSec labs understand the unique demands of this endeavor. This paper provides an overview of some current practices.
Residential student support

In an attempt to better serve the campus' residential population, Student Computing Services at Bentley College implemented a program offering computer support in residence halls. This paper will describe the problems with our initial program, ResNet, and how they led to its rebirth as Dorm Storm. Staffing, marketing, student staff motivation, effectiveness and popularity with the student body will be covered in a comparison of the two models used.
Steady, supercritical flow in collapsible tubes. Part 1. Experimental observations

Experimental results are presented for steady, supercritical flow of a liquid in a thin-walled compliant tube which is in a state of partial collapse due to a negative transmural pressure. Particular attention is paid to the effects of longitudinal tension.With a constant external pressure, friction acts to increase the area in the down-stream direction. With the tube tilted downward, friction may be so balanced by gravity forces as to result in an asymptotic approach to an equilibrium situation in which the area and velocity remain constant. When the downstream pressure is increased sufficiently, shock-like transitions to subcritical inflated states, with positive transmural pressure, occur. The longitudinal length scale of the shock is on the order of one to several tube diameters. The pressure rise across the shock lies between that for loss-free pressure recovery and that given by the Borda-Carnot sudden-expansion theory.The presence of longitudinal tension causes a train of standing waves of area to appear upstream of a local area disturbance, such as a shock-like transition. The standing waves are superimposed upon the more gradual area changes associated with friction and gravity. The wave amplitude grows in the downstream direction. Theoretical interpretations of the observations are presented in the companion paper (part 2).