cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 290: Microrna-199a and Glut1 are Differentially Expressed in Primary Human Arterial and Venous Endothelium and are Deregulated in Culture

Introduction Studies over the last decade have established that the identity of arterial and venous endothelial cells (ECs) is governed by both genetic and environmental factors. Although the ephrin/Eph system is known to be a key determinant of that identity, it is unlikely that system is solely responsible for all the differences between arterial and venous ECs. Furthermore, microRNAs are becoming increasingly recognized for their important role in regulating gene expression and cell fate. We investigate here novel potential markers and regulators of arterial EC identity and the effects of environmental cues on these molecules. Methods ECs were freed from the basement membrane of human umbilical arteries and veins (HUAECs, HUVECs) (n=6) by enzymatic digestion and purified by flow cytometry (CD31+, CD45-) prior to lysis and quantitative PCR or analysis using HPLC-MS/MS. Protein quantification was performed using a proprietary software package (IdentiQuantXL TM ). HUVECs and HUAECs were harvested directly from umbilical cords and placed directly into collagen coated 6-well plates and cultured in standard conditions in EGM2. Results We found that microRNA-199a levels were 23 fold higher in HUVECs than HUAECs (p=0.0001). One of microRNA-199a’s theoretical downstream targets is GLUT1, a facilitative glucose transporter thought to be responsible for basal glucose uptake. GLUT1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher (5.5 and 4.3 fold, respectively) in HUAEC than HUVECs (p=0.00002). Using tissue immunohistochemistry (IHC) of we confirmed that GLUT1 expression is restricted to arterial ECs in human umbilical cord and adult peripheral artery and vein sections. Finally, GLUT1 mRNA levels are 2 fold higher in HUAECs than HUVECs in culture at P2 and levels decrease until P5 when they become equal indicating that culture has a homogenizing effect on endothelial heterogeneity. Conclusions MicroRNA-199a levels are higher in HUVECs than HUAECs and GLUT1, its downstream target, is higher in HUAECs both at the mRNA and protein level. Protein expression is restricted to arteries in both the new born umbilical cord and adult peripheral vessels. Importantly, expression in both cell types is downregulated and equilibrated by cell culture.
Interest and Action: Unpacking the Theory of Collective Action

In this conceptual paper, I argue that additional theoretical work is needed in the area of corporate political activity (CPA) to improve our understanding of how CPA is motivated by either or both private and collective interests. I review the theory of collective action from economics and the current CPA literature to support my argument that using collective action theory to predict CPA should be done carefully to account for differences between assumptions and how key constructs are conceived. Further, I highlight how unpacking collective action into collective action as mode and collective interest as motive reveals areas for future research in the area of CPA.
Abstract 098: MicroRNA Regulation of NADPH Oxidase Mediates the Antioxidant Effect of Renal Paraoxonase 2

Increased renal generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is important in the pathogenesis of hypertension caused by absent or dysfunctional dopamine receptor subtype. Germline deletion of the dopamine 2 receptor in mice increases renal NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity and decreases expression paraoxonase 2 (PON2) and results in ROS-dependent hypertension. We determined if microRNA (miR) is involved in PON2-mediated regulation of NOX. Silencing PON2 in human renal proximal tubules cells decreased PON2 (-60±4%, n=3,*P
Условия Функционирования и Перспективы Развития Региональных Банков (Conditions of Operation and Development Prospects of Regional Banks)

Russian Abstract: Проблематике региональных банков не уделяется должного внимания ни в одном стратегическом документе Банка России и Правительства Российской Федерации. В академической литературе тема региональных банков до середины 2016 года, когда дискуссию возобновил Банк России, также практически не поднималась.Данное исследование посвящено банковскому сектору Уральского Федерального округа и кредитным организациям, работающим в регионах данного Федерального округа. Исследование характеризуется детальными портретами банков, зарегистрированных в УФО: описанием их истории, приведением сведений об акционерах и менеджменте, характеристикой основного бизнеса, анализом финансовых показателей. В исследовании представлены не только результаты опроса мнений банкиров УФО на предмет их оценки состояния банковского бизнеса, но и сравнение мнений с результатами в других федеральных округах. English Abstract: The problems of regional banks are not given due attention in any strategic document of the Bank of Russia and the Government of the Russian Federation. In the academic literature, the topic of regional banks was not raised until the middle of 2016, when the Bank of Russia resumed the discussion. This research is devoted to the banking sector of the Urals Federal District and to credit organizations operating in the regions of this Federal District. The study is characterized by detailed portraits of banks registered in the UFD: a description of their history, information on shareholders and management, the characteristics of the main business, the analysis of financial indicators. The study presents not only the results of a survey of the views of UFD bankers on their assessment of the state of the banking business, but also a comparison of opinions with results in other federal districts.
Challenge in interpretation of Mendelian randomization studies using lactase persistence as instrumental variable

In a recent publication, Yang et al.1 investigated the association between intake of milk and chronic disease outcomes in a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. No clear association was observed between genetically predicted milk consumption and ischemic heart disease, diabetes or bone mineral density, in line with previous observational and MR studies. Although this study has its strengths, we have some concerns regarding the methodological approach in this study.
Approaches to Atonement: How Girard Changes the Debate

Rene Girard changed the terms of debate around the meaning of the cross in two ways. On the one hand, he pressed those outside theology to take the biblical passion accounts seriously, not only as an object of anthropological interpretation, but also as an unsurpassed and still uncomprehended source for such interpretation. On the other hand, within theology he opened a bridge over the threatening chasm between theologies of transcendental reconciliation and the historical event on which they are based. “Sacrifice” rests at the center of anthropology and theologies of atonement alike. In redefining it, Girard changed both.
Residual stress evaluation of components produced via direct metal laser sintering

Direct metal laser sintering is an additive manufacturing process which is capable of fabricating three-dimensional components using a laser energy source and metal powder particles. Despite the numerous benefits offered by this technology, the process maturity is low with respect to traditional subtractive manufacturing methods. Relationships between key processing parameters and final part properties are generally lacking and require further development. In this study, residual stresses were evaluated as a function of key process variables. The variables evaluated included laser scan strategy and build plate preheat temperature. Residual stresses were measured experimentally via neutron diffraction and computationally via finite element analysis. Good agreement was shown between the experimental and computational results. Results showed variations in the residual stress profile as a function of laser scan strategy. Compressive stresses were dominant along the build height (z) direction, and tensile stresses were dominant in the x and y directions. Build plate preheating was shown to be an effective method for alleviating residual stress due to the reduction in thermal gradient.
The Peterson Proactive Developmental Attention Model: A Framework for Nurturing the Rest of the Whole Gifted Child:

The Peterson Proactive Developmental Attention (PPDA) model offers a framework for affective curriculum for gifted children and adolescents and for both formal or informal interaction with individu...
X-Ray Diffraction from Graphite Intercalation Compounds Under Hydrostatic Pressure

X-ray diffraction studies of pressure-induced intralayer and interlayer structural phase transitions in alkali GIC’s are discussed with particular emphasis on KC24 and CsC36. It is shown that such transitions involve the well-defined layer stoichiometries MC8 and MC12 which occur in ambient pressure compounds. Stage 1 MC8 compounds exhibit no structural transitions at pressures up to 13 kbar but show a Hook’s law behavior from which their compressibilities have been determined.
Long-term interaction between Drosophila sperm and sex peptide is mediated by other seminal proteins that bind only transiently to sperm.

Abstract Seminal fluid proteins elicit several post-mating physiological changes in mated Drosophila melanogaster females. Some of these changes persist for over a week after mating because the seminal protein that causes these changes, the Sex Peptide (SP), binds to sperm that are stored in the female reproductive tract. SP's sperm binding is mediated by a network of at least eight seminal proteins. We show here that some of these network proteins (CG1656, CG1652, CG9997 and Antares) bind to sperm within 2 h of mating, like SP. However, while SP remains bound to sperm at 4 days post-mating, none of the other network proteins are detectable at this time. We also observed that the same network proteins are detectable at 2 h post-mating in seminal receptacle tissue from which sperm have been removed, but are no longer detectable there by 4 days post-mating, suggesting short-term retention of these proteins in this female sperm storage organ. Our results suggest that these network proteins act transiently to facilitate the conditions for SP's binding to sperm, perhaps by modifying SP or the sperm surface, but are not part of a long-acting complex that stably attaches SP to sperm.
Higher habitual dietary caffeine consumption is related to lower experimental pain sensitivity in a community-based sample

Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the world. Caffeine administered acutely in a laboratory environment or as a medication adjuvant has known properties that help alleviate pain. However, much less is known about the potential impact of habitual dietary caffeine consumption on the experience of pain. The primary objective of this observational study was to determine whether caffeine consumed habitually as part of a daily diet was associated with experimental pain sensitivity using noxious stimuli in a non-clinical sample of 62 community-dwelling adults between 19 and 77 years old. Study participants monitored their daily dietary caffeine consumption (e.g., coffee, tea, soda, energy drinks, and chocolate) across a period of seven consecutive days using a caffeine consumption diary. On the seventh day of caffeine consumption monitoring, participants presented to the laboratory to complete experimental pain sensitivity testing. Noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli were used to obtain threshold and tolerance for painful heat and pressure, respectively. Data analysis revealed that greater self-reported daily caffeine consumption was significantly associated with higher heat pain threshold (β = .296, p = .038), higher heat pain tolerance (β = .242, p = .046), and higher pressure pain threshold (β = .277, p = .049) in multiple regression models adjusted for covariates. Results of this study completed with community-dwelling adults revealed that individuals who habitually consume greater amounts of caffeine as part of their daily diets demonstrate diminished sensitivity to painful stimuli in a laboratory setting.
The Implications of the FCC’s Net Neutrality Repeal

In December 2017, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) repealed US net neutrality regulation. The author discusses the meaning and importance of net neutrality, the FCC’s prior net neutrality rules and the implications of their repeal.
Comparison of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunostain for nonsmall cell lung carcinoma between paired cytological and surgical specimens.

Background: programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a ligand for the inhibitory programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-L1), which are targeted by several anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 drugs for lung cancer treatment. In clinical practice, many lung cancer cases only have cytology samples available to test PD-L1. Our current study compared the PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) between paired cytological and surgical samples. Materials and Methods: Formalin-fixed lung cancer tissue microarray and paired cell blocks and surgical specimens from the same patients with a confirmed diagnosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, n = 29) and adenocarcinoma (AC, n = 23) were sectioned for PD-L1 IHC. Results: PD-L1 was expressed on tumor cells in 16 of 29 (55%) SCC surgical specimens and 18 of 29 (62%) paired cytologic specimens with 83% matched immunostains. PD-L1 was expressed on tumor cells in 13 of 23 (57%) AC surgical specimens and in 17 of 23 (74%) paired cytologic specimens with 79% matched immunostains. The PD-L1 was expressed on inflammatory cells in 20 of 23 (87%) AC surgical specimens and in 15 of 23 (65%) paired cytologic specimens with 70% matched immunostains. The PD-L1 was expressed on inflammatory cells in 18 of 29 (62%) SCC surgical specimens and in 12 of 29 (41%) paired cytologic specimens with 79% matched immunostains. Conclusions: PD-L1 immunostain in cytology samples matched very well with paired surgical samples in both SCC and AC cases. The cytologic samples present slightly higher sensitivity for PD-L1 immunostain on tumor cells as compared to surgical biopsies.
Abstract P321: Leisure-Time Aerobic Physical Activity Reduces the Risk of Diabetes-Related Mortality: NHANES III

Background: Evidence exists to suggest physical activity (PA) reduces risk for diabetes-related mortality (DRM). However, these studies were limited to examining specific modes of PA with only walk...
Degradation of Dipteran Neuropeptides by Musca autumnalis

A large number of insect neuropeptides have been purified and sequenced in the past ten years, although the physiological functions of some have not been fully established. In the action of a peptide, there is a series of events which are crucial to the initiation, regulation, and termination of its activities. These consist of biosynthesis and processing of precursors to the active form of the peptide, release of the active form at or near the site of action, binding of the peptide to a specific receptor, induction of the physiological response(s), and elimination or degradation of the peptide for termination of the biological response. The design of peptide analogues as possible control agents for insects, therefore, must target one or several of these events in order to provide a rational mode of inhibition.
Organizational and financial issues in the delivery of substance abuse treatment services.

Examination of organizational and financial characteristics of the specialty substance abuse treatment system allows an understanding of how to meet the needs of clients in the system. Further, this assessment may afford insights into how the specialty sector may adapt in the changing environment of managed care. Data from Phase I of the Alcohol and Drug Services Study (ADSS) describe the specialty substance abuse treatment system in terms of type of care, setting, level of affiliation, licen-sure/accreditation, ownership, revenue sources, client referral sources, client’s primary substance of abuse, and managed care. Although the system is largely outpatient and remains substantially two tiered in terms of public/private funding mix, it varies along a number of organizational and financial dimensions which have implications for system structure and facility viability in the changing environment of substance abuse treatment service delivery.
Glutaminase 1 Inhibition Reduces Glycolysis and Ameliorates Lupus-like Disease in MRL/lpr Mice and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

OBJECTIVE Glutaminase 1 (Gls1) is the first enzyme in glutaminolysis. The selective Gls1 inhibitor bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide (BPTES) suppresses Th17 development and ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The present study was undertaken to investigate whether inhibition of glutaminolysis is beneficial for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and the involved mechanisms. METHODS MRL/lpr mice were treated with BPTES or vehicle control, and disease activity was examined. Then naive CD4+ T cells from patients with SLE were cultured under Th17-polarizing conditions with BPTES or vehicle. Furthermore, using newly generated Gls1 conditional-knockout mice, in vitro Th17 differentiation was examined, and EAE was induced in the mice. Glutaminolysis and glycolysis were measured with an extracellular flux analyzer. The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) was examined by Western blotting. RESULTS Treatment of MRL/lpr mice with BPTES improved autoimmune pathology in a Th17-dependent manner. T cells from patients with SLE treated with BPTES displayed decreased Th17 differentiation (P < 0.05). Using the conditional-knockout mice, we demonstrated that both in vitro Th17 differentiation (P < 0.05) and the development of EAE were dependent on Gls1. Gls1 inhibition reduced glycolysis and the expression of HIF-1α protein, which induces glycolysis. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that inhibition of glutaminolysis represents a potential new treatment strategy for patients with SLE and Th17-related autoimmune diseases. Mechanistically, we have shown that inhibition of glutaminolysis affects the glycolysis pathway by reducing HIF-1α protein in Th17 cells.
ISIS and the "War Makes States" Path

This paper discusses the progression and evolution of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, also known as ISIS. The author explains how the group has progressed since its conception, explores possibilities for its evolution in the future, as it relates to and affects the surrounding countries and the international arena. The author examines the question of whether Charles Tilly’s “War Makes States” theory can be applied to the group in past, present, and future. The author uses a combination of literature review, critical reading, and research to explain how ISIS follows Tilly’s thesis that states emerge over time from areas of violence and the actions of violent groups. The author concludes that, despite recent territorial losses, the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria is evolving towards statehood per Tilly’s model, and that this has ramifications for the rest of the world in that the international arena should act accordingly when dealing with the group in order to forestall this occurrence.
POTENTIAL IDENTIFICATION OF PREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNIZED GARDNER SYNDROME DURING RADIOLOGIC EXAMINATION: A CASE REPORT

Background Familial adenomatous polyposis coli (FAP) is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterized by the development of multiple colonic adenomas with high risk for malignant transformation. FAP is caused by mutation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, a tumor suppressor. Several APC codon mutations result in a spectrum of intra- and extra-colonic manifestations. Gardner syndrome is a subset of FAP with potential extraintestinal findings, including epidermoid and sebaceous cysts, lipomas, supernumerary and impacted teeth, odontomas, jaw osteomas, and desmoid tumors/desmoplastic fibromas. Desmoplastic fibromas are benign aggressive neoplasms with potential tissue morbidity. Discussion/Conclusions A 15-year-old Caucasian male was referred to the oral and maxillofacial radiology clinic for radiologic evaluation of a left posterior mandibular radiolucency. The patient complained of pain at the site. His medical and dental histories was positive for biopsy of multiple epidermoid cysts, a fibrous tissue mass on the lower back, and 2 odontomas. Thus far, the patient had not been identified to be at risk for Gardner syndrome. Panoramic and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) radiographs were made and showed nonuniform hyperdensities throughout the jaws, impacted teeth, and a well-defined, multilocular, radiolucent lesion at the angle of the left mandible demonstrating expansion. Impressions favored a benign aggressive entity of the left mandibular angle, and biopsy was recommended. The biopsy results were consistent with desmoplastic fibroma. Surgical resection was performed. Based on the collective findings, the diagnosis of Gardner syndrome was proposed. The patient was referred for genetic counselling and genetic testing for himself and his immediate family members. The results of molecular diagnosis are pending. Identification of FAP-related clinical and radiographic manifestations is crucial to early identification of FAP, which has important considerations in periodic evaluation for colon neoplasms and surgical prophylaxis. Early referral by an attentive radiologist can increase the opportunity for more effective disease management.
Dismantling anti-black linguistic racism in English language arts classrooms: Toward an anti-racist black language pedagogy

In this article, the author historicizes the argument about Black Language in the classroom to contextualize the contemporary linguistic inequities that Black students experience in English Languag...
Doppio – a ROMS (v3.6)-based circulation model for the Mid-Atlantic Bight and Gulf of Maine: configuration and comparison to integrated coastal observing network observations

Abstract. We describe Doppio , a ROMS-based model of the Mid-Atlantic Bight and Gulf of Maine regions of the northwest North Atlantic developed in anticipation of future applications to biogeochemical cycling, ecosystems, estuarine downscaling, and near-real-time forecasting. This free-running regional model is introduced with circulation simulations covering 2007–2017. The ROMS configuration choices for the model are detailed, and the forcing and boundary data choices described and explained. A comprehensive observational data set is compiled for skill assessment from satellites and in situ observations from Regional Associations of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing Systems, including moorings, autonomous gliders, profiling floats, surface current measuring coastal radar, and fishing fleet sensors. Doppio's performance is evaluated with respect to these observations by representation of sub-regional temperature and salinity error statistics, as well as velocity and sea level coherence spectra. Model circulation for the Mid-Atlantic Bight and Gulf of Maine is visualized alongside the mean dynamic topography to convey the model's capabilities.
The Partisan Divide in Social Distancing

Using county-level Google Mobility Report data, which tracked the activity of Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic, we show that Democratic counties reduced their activity far more than Republican counties as the crisis unfolded. To confirm the importance of partisanship in driving this gap, we consider and largely dismiss alternative explanations, including county demographic differences, variation in the geographic spread of COVID-19, and the timing of gubernatorial directives to restrict movement. The analysis concludes with a consideration of the mechanisms driving this partisan divergence in behavior, including the politicization of the pandemic by party elites and conservative distrust of scientific and medical expertise. We show that both played a significant role in encouraging heavily Republican counties to ignore the spread of the virus, even as cases rose in their counties.
pH Level of Pore Solution in Alkali-Activated Fly-Ash Geopolymer Concrete and Its Effect on ASR of Aggregates with Different Silicate Contents

AbstractDurability has always been a major concern in concrete-based infrastructures. Alkali–silica reaction (ASR) is the result of a chemical reaction between hydroxyl ions in pore water and silic...
The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Trinidad and Tobago including the description of three new species and seven new records, with new records for several additional Caribbean Islands.

The known cicada fauna of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is identified. Calyria hyperochelabrys n. sp., Carineta trinidadensis n. sp., and Herrera grammosticta n. sp. are described as new. The first records of Fidicinoides descampsi Boulard & Martinelli, 1996, Proarna hilaris (Germar, 1834), Guyalna bogotana (Distant, 1892a), Majeorona aper (Walker, 1850), Taphura boulardi Sanborn, 2011a, Carineta matura Distant, 1892b, and Herrera nigropercula Sanborn, 2020b are provided. The first reports for the genera Guyalna Boulard & Martinelli, 1996, Majeorona Distant, 1905d, Calyria Stal, 1862, Carineta Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 and Herrera Distant, 1905c and the tribes Parnisini Distant, 1905e and Carinetini Distant, 1905c are represented by the records for the new species and new records. The first records of Proarna hilaris (Germar, 1830) for Anegada, Antigua, Grenada, Canoun Island, Mayreau Island and Union Island in the Grenadines, Little St. James, Little Thatch Island, Montserrat, Mosquito Island, and St. Kitts, Proarna palisoti (Metcalf, 1963a) for Navarro Island, Majeorona aper (Walker, 1850) for Grenada, and Ariasa albimaculosa Sanborn, 2016c for Bonaire are provided to increase the known distributions of these species and the Caribbean fauna. The currently known cicada fauna for Trinidad is increased here to 15 species representing ten genera, four tribes and two subfamilies. Only Quesada gigas (Olivier, 1790) is known currently from Tobago.
The role of chemoenzymatic synthesis in advancing trehalose analogues as tools for combatting bacterial pathogens

Trehalose, a disaccharide of glucose, is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to virulence in major bacterial pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Clostridioides difficile, and Burkholderia pseudomallei. Accordingly, bacterial trehalose metabolic pathways that are not present in humans have gained traction as targets for antibiotic and diagnostic development. Toward this goal, trehalose can be modified through a combination of rational design and synthesis to produce functionalized trehalose analogues, which can be deployed to probe or inhibit bacterial trehalose metabolism. However, the unique α,α-1,1-glycosidic bond and C2 symmetry of trehalose make analogue synthesis via traditional chemical methods very challenging. We and others have turned to the creation of chemoenzymatic synthesis methods, which in principle allow the use of nature's trehalose-synthesizing enzymes to stereo- and regioselectively couple simple, unprotected substrates to efficiently and conveniently generate trehalose analogues. Here, we provide a contextual account of our team's development of a trehalose analogue synthesis method that employs a highly substrate-tolerant, thermostable trehalose synthase enzyme, TreT from Thermoproteus tenax. Then, in three vignettes, we highlight how chemoenzymatic synthesis has accelerated the development of trehalose-based imaging probes and inhibitors that target trehalose-utilizing bacterial pathogens. We describe the role of TreT catalysis and related methods in the development of (i) tools for in vitro and in vivo imaging of mycobacteria, (ii) anti-biofilm compounds that sensitize drug-tolerant mycobacteria to clinical anti-tubercular compounds, and (iii) degradation-resistant trehalose analogues that block trehalose metabolism in C. difficile and potentially other trehalose-utilizing bacteria. We conclude by recapping progress and discussing priorities for future research in this area, including improving the scope and scale of chemoenzymatic synthesis methods to support translational research and expanding the functionality and applicability of trehalose analogues to study and target diverse bacterial pathogens.
Azithromycin in the treatment of rectogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infections: end of an era?

Azithromycin was recommended as the first-line therapeutic regimen for treatment of genital infections in men and women by the Centers for Disease Control in 1998. A series of studies of azithromyc...
Changes to the sample design and weighting methods of a public health surveillance system to also include persons not receiving HIV medical care.

Objectives The Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) is a public health surveillance system that provides representative estimates of the experiences and behaviors of adults with diagnosed HIV in the United States. In 2015, the sample design and frame of MMP changed from a system that only included HIV patients to one that captures the experiences of persons receiving and not receiving HIV care. We describe methods investigated for calculating survey weights, the approach chosen, and the benefits of using a dynamic surveillance registry as a sampling frame. Methods MMP samples adults with diagnosed HIV from the National HIV Surveillance System, the HIV case surveillance registry for the United States. In the methodological study presented in this manuscript, we compared methods that account for sample design and nonresponse, including weighting class adjustment vs. propensity weighting and a single-stage nonresponse adjustment vs. sequential adjustments for noncontact and nonresponse. We investigated how best to adjust for non-coverage using surveillance data to post-stratify estimates. Results After assessing these methods, we chose as our preferred procedure weighting class adjustments and a single-stage nonresponse adjustment. Classes were constructed using variables associated with respondents’ characteristics and important survey outcomes, chief among them laboratory results available from surveillance that served as a proxy for medical care. Conclusions MMPs weighting procedures reduced sample bias by leveraging auxiliary information on medical care available from the surveillance registry sampling frame. Expanding MMPs population of focus provides important information on characteristics of persons with diagnosed HIV that complement the information provided by the surveillance registry. MMP methods can be applied to other disease registries or population-monitoring systems when more detailed information is needed for a population, with the detailed information obtained efficiently from a representative sample of the population covered by the registry.
Impact of body mass index on pathological complete response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in operable breast cancer: a meta-analysis

The impact of an increased body mass index (BMI) on outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in breast cancer remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of BMI on pathological complete response (pCR) rates for operable breast cancer after NACT. We searched Medline, Embase, and Web of Science database for observational studies and randomized controlled trials that reported the association of BMI with pCR after NACT. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the impact of BMI on pCR rate. We identified 13 studies including a total of 18,702 women with operable breast cancer who underwent NACT. Two studies were pooled analyses of prospective clinical trials (10,669 patients); the rest were case–control studies (8033 patients). All studies provided data of two BMI groups (BMI < 25 vs. BMI ≥ 25). Pooled analyses demonstrated that overweight/obese women were less likely to achieve pCR after NACT as compared to under-/normal weight women (odds ratio (OR) = 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68–0.93). Eleven studies provided data of three BMI groups (BMI < 25, 25 ≤ BMI < 30, BMI ≥ 30). Based on pooled analyses, both overweight and obese groups were less likely to achieve pCR with NACT as compared to under-/normal weight group, (OR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.65–0.93 and OR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.61–0.77, respectively). Overweight and obese breast cancer patients had a lower pCR rate with NACT compared to patients with under-/normal weight. Further prospective studies may help confirm this finding and investigate possible mechanisms.
Development of Simulation-Based Assessment for Pediatric Intensive Care Nurse Orientation

Abstract Background We developed a simulation-based assessment instrument for the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) nurse orientation and aimed to establish reliability and validity. Method Three pediatric ICU scenarios were developed. Interrater reliability between two raters was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The scores were assessed to support validity between the nurse preceptor and orientee as well as the orientees' progression during the orientation period. Results Forty-eight orientees and 11 ICU nurse preceptors participated in the simulations. The ICC for the overall score between two raters was high (ICC = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.88-0.91). The overall scores for the scenarios by preceptors were higher than the scores by orientees (81.2 ± 19.6 vs. 58.8 ± 13.0; p = .005; and 76.4 ± 7.4 vs. 52.8 ± 13; p Conclusions Simulation-based assessment for ICU pediatric nurse orientees demonstrated robust interrater reliability and validity.
Mimickers of breast malignancy: imaging findings, pathologic concordance and clinical management

Many benign breast entities have a clinical and imaging presentation that can mimic breast cancer. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the wide spectrum of imaging features that can be associated with benign breast diseases with an emphasis on the suspicious imaging findings associated with these benign conditions that can mimic cancer. As radiologic-pathologic correlation can be particularly challenging in these cases, the radiologist’s familiarity with these benign entities and their imaging features is essential to ensure that a benign pathology result is accepted as concordant when appropriate and that a suitable management plan is formulated.
Associations between oral health and general health: a surveywide association study of the NHANES.

Objective This proof of concept study uses data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to explore potential associations between oral and systemic health in a survey-wide association study (SWAS). Basic research design Data from n=9,971 records in the 2015-2016 NHANES survey were used to evaluate associations between self-rated oral health and the various systemic health conditions that are included in the survey. Associations were estimated using survey-weighted linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, race, and smoking status. Results Substantial associations with self-rated oral health were evident after correction for multiple comparisons. The study revealed associations in categories of mental health, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes adding to the body of evidence. The study also suggested associations with physical functioning, vision, hearing, genitourinary symptoms, and the prevalence of hepatitis. Conclusions The SWAS method demonstrated the ability to identify associations between oral health and systemic health. Suggested associations should be investigated further investigated with emphasis on both biologic and societal mechanisms. The noteworthy associations with mental health, physical activity, and cardiovascular disease in this study inform clinicians from each of these disciplines that they may benefit from collaborations with oral health care providers to promote whole-person health.
Adam Smith and the Virtue of Punctuality

Commercial society changed many things, including what is considered virtuous and what is considered valuable. The increase in productivity observed in commercial society changed the ways we use our time and thus the value of time. Time is now money. So punctuality becomes a virtue. Adam Smith explicitly recognizes the virtue of punctuality as a commercial virtue.
On Masuda uniqueness theorem for Leray–Hopf weak solutions in mixed-norm spaces

Abstract We revisit the well-known work of K. Masuda in 1984 on the weak–strong uniqueness of L ∞ L 3 Leray–Hopf weak solutions of Navier–Stokes equation. We modify the argument, and extend the uniqueness result to the scaling critical anisotropic Lebesgue space with mixed-norms. As a consequence, our results cover the class of initial data and solutions which may be singular or decay with different rates along different spatial variables. The result relies on the establishment of several refined properties of solutions of the Stokes and Navier–Stokes equations in mixed-norm Lebesgue spaces which seem to be of independent interest.
Think Before You Speak: Using Self-talk to Generate Implicit Commonsense Knowledge for Response Generation

Implicit knowledge, such as common sense, is key to fluid human conversations. Current neural response generation (RG) models are trained end-to-end, omitting unstated implicit knowledge. In this paper, we present a self-talk approach that first generates the implicit commonsense knowledge and then generates response by referencing the externalized knowledge, all using one generative model. We analyze different choices to collect knowledge-aligned dialogues, represent implicit knowledge, and elicit knowledge and responses. We introduce three evaluation aspects: knowledge quality, knowledge-response connection, and response quality and perform extensive human evaluations. Our experimental results show that compared with end-to-end RG models, self-talk models that externalize the knowledge grounding process by explicitly generating implicit knowledge also produce responses that are more informative, specific, and follow common sense. We also find via human evaluation that self-talk models generate high-quality knowledge around 75% of the time. We hope that our findings encourage further work on different approaches to modeling implicit commonsense knowledge and training knowledgeable RG models.
Host exposure to symbionts and ecological drift generate divergence in parasite community assembly

The initial colonization of a host by symbionts, ranging from parasites to mutualists, can generate priority effects that alter within-host interactions and the trajectory of parasite community assembly. At the same time, variation in parasite communities among hosts can also stem from stochastic processes. Community ecology theory posits that multiple processes (e.g. dispersal, selection and drift) interact to generate variation in community structure, but these processes are rarely considered simultaneously during community assembly. To test the role of these processes in a parasite community, we experimentally simulated dispersal of three symbionts by factorially inoculating individual plants of tall fescue with two foliar fungal parasites, Colletotrichum cereale and Rhizoctonia solani, and a hypothesized mutualist endophyte, Epichloe coenophiala. We then tracked parasite infections longitudinally in the field. After the initial inoculations, hosts were exposed to a common pool of parasites in the field, which we expected to cause parasite communities to converge towards a similar community state. To test for convergence, we analyzed individual hosts parasite community trajectories in multivariate space. In contrast to our expectation, there was no signal of convergence. Instead, parasite community trajectories generally diverged over time between treatment groups and the magnitude of divergence depended on the symbiont species inoculated. Parasite communities of hosts that were inoculated with only the mutualist, Epichloe, showed significant trends of divergence relative to all other symbiont inoculation treatments. In contrast, hosts inoculated with only Rhizoctonia did not exhibit clear trends of divergence when compared to other parasite inoculations. Further, co-inoculation with both parasite species resulted in faster rates of divergence and greater temporal change in parasite communities relative to hosts inoculated with only the parasite Colletotrichum. As predicted by existing theory, parasite communities showed evidence of drift during the beginning of the experiment, which contributed to among-host divergence in parasite community structure. Overall, these data provide evidence that initial dispersal of symbionts produced persistent changes in parasite community structure via ecological selection, that drift was important during the early stages of parasite community assembly, and together, dispersal, selection and drift resulted in parasite community divergence. Open Research statementThe data and code that support the findings of this study are available through Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714452
Efficiency of the rural development and multi-functional agriculture operational programme

The gross fixed capital of the Czech agriculture is one of the lowest in the EU. Low investment influences the cost/revenue ratio and the efficiency of agricultural production and total competitiveness of agricultural production consequently. European programmes supporting investment to agriculture are aimed at supporting the modernization of agricultural holdings with low investment both building and technology of animal and plant production. The Rural Development and Multi-functional Agriculture Operational Programme is one of the most successful in receiving money from Structural funds as 75% of allocated resources were paid within this programme. The largest volume of all measures of the OP RDMA was paid to investment in agriculture.
Nonpartisan Primary Election Reform: Mitigating Mischief

Over the years, observers of American politics have noted the deleterious effects of party polarization in both the national and state legislatures. Reformers have tried to address this problem by changing primary election laws. A theory underlies these legal changes: the reformers tend to believe that 'more open' primary laws will produce more centrist, moderate, or pragmatic candidates. The 'top-two' primary, just implemented in California, represents the future of these antiparty efforts. Nonpartisan Primary Election Reform examines California's first use of the top-two primary system in 2012. R. Michael Alvarez and J. Andrew Sinclair evaluate the primary from a variety of perspectives and using several different methodologies. Although the first use of this primary system in California did not immediately reshape the state's politics, it also did not have many of the deleterious consequences that some observers had feared. This study provides the foundation for future studies of state primary systems.
Rational Choice V. Republican Moment Explanations for Environmental Laws, 1969-73

A conventional wisdom within environmental law scholarship states that rational actor theories of politics cannot explain the major federal environmental laws that were enacted in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The reason: large groups of self-interested citizens, each anticipating only modest gains from such laws, would not surmount collective action obstacles so as to prevail over small groups of industrial concerns, each facing substantial costs if stringent laws were passed. A common alternative theory posits that these laws were the product of a "republican moment" when government enacted laws based on moral or political principles. This article reassesses that debate and concludes that rational choice explanations have been too easily dismissed. For citizens, the critical action is casting a vote for candidates committed to protecting the environment. The article analyzes ways in which citizens whose concern about the environment is self-interested could surmount collective action problems to provide the catalyst for environmental legislation through their ballot box power. Empirical evidence from the relevant time period suggests that conditions at that time were consistent with this explanation. Hence, the battle over explanations of our environmental laws remains unresolved. The best explanation is most likely one that acknowledges the role both of self-interest and of political principle.
Americanization and changing paradigms of consumer modernity: France, 1930–1990

(1997). Americanization and changing paradigms of consumer modernity: France, 1930–1990. Sites: The Journal of Twentieth-Century/Contemporary French Studies revue d'etudes francais: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 191-213.
Two-stage ΔΣ ADC with noise-coupled VCO-based quantizer

This paper presents a noise-coupled VCO-based two-stage delta-sigma ADC, which achieves third-order noise-shaping with only one active integrator. Noise-coupling technique is applied to VCO-based quantizer to get second-order noise-shaping, used as a second stage in two-stage delta-sigma ADC to overcome the nonlinearity of the VCO. The first stage is a firstorder delta-sigma modulator with a three-bit quantizer. To verify the idea, the proposed architecture has been analyzed and simulated.
Emergence and Transmission of Amantadine‐Resistant Influenza A in a Nursing Home

Objectives: To prospectively detect amantadine-resistant influenza when amantadine was used for influenza A outbreak control. Design: Prospective clinical surveillance and viral culture of all new respiratory illnesses during the course of amantadine prophylaxis. Setting: A 721-bed, 14-ward nursing home for veterans and spouses during an influenza A outbreak (1993–94). Participants: Residents of a veterans hospital and their spouses. Measurements: Nasopharyngeal and throat viral culture. All residents with positive cultures who developed new respiratory symptoms while receiving or residing on a unit receiving amantadine prophylaxis had antiviral-resistance testing and polymerase chain reaction restriction analyses performed. Results: Amantadine prophylaxis was administered sequentially on nine of 14 wards to all well residents for 14 to 31 days/ward to control influenza outbreaks between December 9, 1993, and January 28, 1994. Amantadine treatment was simultaneously provided to 29 ill residents. Between December 3, 1993, and January 22, 1994, 68 culture-positive cases of influenza A were detected. Twenty subjects were receiving or residing on units receiving amantadine prophylaxis. Amantadine sensitivity testing could be performed on 16 residents; 12 residents had amantadine resistant strains. Four of the 12 had not received any antiviral treatment. Illness onset ranged from 1 to 22 days after amantadine prophylaxis was begun on the individual's unit. Two ribonucleic acid (RNA) mutations in the gene coding the M2 protein transmembrane region were observed that were clustered in time and space. Isolates from two roommates, one receiving amantadine for 18 days and one on no antiviral, had identical RNA sequences. Conclusion: Antiviral resistance may be responsible for failure of prophylaxis in nursing home outbreaks. Strategies that use different classes of antivirals for prophylaxis and treatment may limit emergence and transmission of resistant virus.