cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Isolation, Characterization, and Molecular Cloning of a 75-kDa Gelatinase B-like Enzyme, a Member of the Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) Family AN AVIAN ENZYME THAT IS MMP-9-LIKE IN ITS CELL EXPRESSION PATTERN BUT DIVERGES FROM MAMMALIAN GELATINASE B IN SEQUENCE AND BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES

We have isolated a novel 75-kDa gelatinase from a chicken macrophage cell line, HD11. Biochemical and immunological characterization of the purified enzyme demonstrated that it is distinct from the chicken 72-kDa gelatinase A (MMP-2). The enzyme is capable of specific gelatin binding and rapid gelatin cleavage. Incubation with an organomercurial compound (p-aminophenylmercuric acetate) induces proteolytic processing and activation of this enzyme, and the resultant gelatinolytic activity is sensitive to both zinc chelators and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. A full-length cDNA for the enzyme has been cloned, and sequence analysis demonstrated that the enzyme possesses the characteristic multidomain structure of an MMP gelatinase including a cysteine switch prodomain, three fibronectin type II repeats, a catalytic zinc binding region, and a hemopexin-like domain. The 75-kDa gelatinase is produced by phorbol ester-treated chicken bone marrow cells, monocytes, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, cell types that charac- teristically produce the 92-kDa mammalian gelatinase B (MMP-9). The absence of a 90-110-kDa gelatinase in these cell types indicates that the 75-kDa gelatinase is likely the avian counterpart of gelatinase B. However, the protein is only 59% identical to human gelatinase B, whereas all previously cloned chicken MMP homologues are 75-90% identical to their human counterparts. In addition, the new 75-kDa chicken gelatinase lacks the type V collagen domain that is found in all mammalian gelatinase Bs. Furthermore, the secreted enzyme appears structurally distinct from known gelatinase Bs and the activated enzyme can cleave fibronectin, which is not a substrate for mammalian gelatinase B. Thus the results of this study indicate that a second MMP gelatinase exists in chickens, and although it is MMP-9/gelatinase B-like in its overall domain structure and expression pattern, it appears to be biochemically divergent from mammalian gelatinase B.
Effects of Floods on Trout in Sagehen Creek, California

Abstract Effects of winter and spring floods on rainbow (Salmo gairdneri) and brook (Salvelinus fontinalis) trout were evaluated over a 10-year period in Sagehen Creek, California. Winter floods decimated developing eggs of fall-spawning brook trout. Because of reduced competition by young brook trout, survival of spring-spawned rainbow fry increased in years following winter floods. Conversely, spring floods destroyed rainbow eggs, thereby enhancing survival of young brook trout. Floods changed the species composition markedly and these changes endured for several years. Adult trout were adversely affected by the worst flood studied, but were unaffected by other floods of lesser magnitude. Effects of floods were not nearly as pronounced or predictable on adult trout as they were on young trout.
A Microcomputer-Based Method for Analysis and Design of Roof Systems Using Cold-formed Z-Sections

The widespread acceptance of cold-formed structural steel members as roof purlins in conventionally engineered building has been hindered by the lack of a useful and efficient analysis and design methodology. This article outlines a microcomputer-based design methodology for roof Zpurlins, the purpose of which is to provide such a tool. The design methodology details used in the development of the interactive microcomputer program Z-BM are described herein, along with a general program description and a sample program execution. Z-BM is based on the American Iron and Steel Institute specifications and considers the combined effect of the Z-purlin and corrugated roof deck in resisting applied loads. In addition to echoing all input data, for each loading combination, Z-BM provides a complete stress summary, the maximum allowable axial load, plus the maximum deflection and its location.
Whole-mount NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry is a reliable technique for the intraoperative evaluation of extent of aganglionosis.

Multiple seromuscular biopsies at three levels (narrow segment, transitional zone, and dilated segment) were taken and investigated intraoperatively to determine the extent of aganglionosis. Using the whole-mount preparation technique, circular muscle fibers were separated from the specimens. After a short prefixation, the muscle fibers were stained by the NADPH-diaphorase technique and were examined within 20–25 min. A fine and dense neuronal meshwork was observed between circular muscle fibers in the normal and ganglionic part of the bowel. In contrast, there was a complete lack of NADPH-diaphorase-positive fibers in the circular muscle of aganglionic colon. In the transitional zone, NADPH-diaphorase-positive fibers were markedly reduced compared to the ganglionic region. The density of these fibers increased and attained normal levels in the proximal bowel above the transition zone. These results suggest that whole-mount NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry is a three-dimensional technique suitable for the intraoperative evaluation of extend of aganglionosis. The technique is sufficiently rapid to be used in conjunction with routine frozen sections to assist in the diagnosis and in selecting the optimal level of resection at the time of pull-through operation.
Mercury burden of human autopsy organs and tissues

Flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to assay the total mercury burden in 14 autopsied organs and tissues from 113 persons. Their ages ranged from 26 weeks of gestation to 88 years. Over 70% of all assays, irrespective of organs or age, had a burden of less than 0.25μg/gm of wet weight. Less than 10% had more than 0.75μg/gm. The kidney was the organ with the most variable burden, 29% of the assays being above 0.75μg/ gm. The burden in fetal organs was more uniform than those in postnatal life. Multivariate statistical analysis suggests that the urban population has a somewhat greater mercury burden than the rural. Our data did not reveal a statistically significant increase with age, suggesting that past environmental exposure levels did not exceed the capacity of the body to eliminate mercury.
Solvent-mediated alterations of the stratum corneum

Abstract The intercellular lipid multilayers of stratum corneum, the outermost layer of mammalian skin, are generally accepted as the rate-determining pathway of transmembrane diffusion for lipophilic solutes. The effects of a series of saturated and unsaturated octadecanoic acids (saturated stearic acid, cis- and trans-octadecenoic acid) and a series of short-chain alcohols (ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol and n-butanol) on the thermotropic phase behavior of stratum corneum have been investigated. In conjunction with the thermotropic phase behavior, fatty-acid-induced effects on the permeation of a lipophilic compound have also been studied. The alcohol-induced effects were determined at concentrations that haue given penetration enhancement for the respective alcohols in order to relate the findings to available skin transport data from literature. Permeation enhancement of lipophilic solutes does not necessarily occur with a concomitant decrease in the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition. The unsaturated fatty acids in the presence of aqueous ethanol solutions have been associated with conformational alterations of the gel phase lipid domain. However, the effect of fatty acids is complicated by the presence of the cosolvent. Therefore, the thermotropic phase behavior of the stratum corneum was also investigated in the presence of a series of short-chain alcohols. Short-chain alcohol enhanced permeation may result from a reduction of lipid polar head interactions, an inter facial transport pathway between limited populations of interdigitated and noninterdigitated gel phases within the membrane or further disordering of possible liquid-crystalline phases within the membrane.
Nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate is not associated with cancer or other birth defects

Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCLP) is one of the most common human malformations with an average prevalence of 1 in 1,000 live births. The cause(s) of NSCLP remain unclear as the relative roles of genes, of the environment, and/or of chance alone are unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential role of environmental factors in the cause of NSCLP, to determine if other birth defects aggregate in families with at least one individual affected with NSCLP, and to investigate the frequency of cancer in the first- and second-degree relatives of NSCLP index-cases. Included in this study were 196 index-cases and their families. Information pertaining to environmental factors and pedigree information was obtained on each family. Analysis showed that no single environmental factor could explain the occurrence of NSCLP in this population. The frequency of other birth defects in these families was 1.2%, which is not increased over that in the general population. One hundred seven cancers were reported in 72 of the 196 families included in the study. The frequency of cancer was not significantly increased in the first- or second-degree relatives of the NSCLP index cases or in those families with a positive family history of NSCLP. No childhood or adult cancers were reported in any of the 196 NSCLP index cases.
The evolution of chronic hazard evaluation

Abstract The advent of modern epidemiology has been briefly reviewed from the early observational studies to the nested case control technique. While the cohort study has been neglected, many of the significant milestones in epidemiology have been reviewed. The lessons learned from the investigations of nickel, asbestos, benzene, chromates, smoking and many other hazards which were too long ignored must be applied, otherwise the tragedies of the past will recur. To accomplish the preventive goals inherent in occupational medicine, cooperation between industry, government, physicians and scientists is necessary. Toxicological, epidemiological and medical research must continue to improve our understanding of environmental hazards. New chemicals or new uses of old agents should be assumed to be potentially hazardous and worker exposure kept to a minimum until the long risk assessment process indicates otherwise.
Perceived Characteristics of Intervention Scale Development and Psychometric Properties

The Perceived Characteristics of Intervention Scale (PCIS), a 20-item assessment measure, was developed to assess health care providers' views of interventions. Two hundred and fifteen Department of Veterans Affairs' residential treatment providers from 38 programs across the United States completed an online survey that included the PCIS as well as self-reported use of two evidence-based treatments. The PCIS was anchored to ask about two evidence-based psychotherapies for posttraumatic stress disorder, prolonged exposure, and cognitive processing therapy. The PCIS is a reliable measure of perceived characteristics of interventions, with some preliminary support for its validity. Consideration of providers' perceptions of particular evidence-based treatments may serve as an aid to improve their dissemination, implementation, and sustained use.
Inhibition of norepinephrine N-methyltransferase by 1-aminoindans, conformationally rigid analogs of benzylamines

Abstract Bicyclic analogs of benzylamine (with the α carbon connected by one or more methylene units to the ortho position of the benzene ring) inhibited rabbit adrenal norepinephrine N-methyltransferase (NMT) in vitro . Inhibition was greater when the second ring contained five carbons (1-aminoindan) than when it contained four, six, or seven carbons. Substitution of chlorines on the benzene ring further enhanced the inhibition by 1-aminoindan. The most active inhibitor, 4,5-dichloro- 1-aminoindan, showed competitive kinetics with l-norepinephrine as the variable substrate, and the Ki for this compound as an inhibitor of adrenal NMT was 0.22 μM. 4,5-Dichloro-1-aminoindan significantly decreased epinephrine concentration in the adrenal glands of exercised rats, suggesting that it was effective in inhibiting NMT in vivo .
Recombinant expression and evaluation of the lipoyl domains of the dihydrolipoyl acetyltransferase component of the human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.

The subunits of the dihydrolipoyl acetyltransferase (E2) component of mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) associate to form a large inner core with a protruding structure composed of three globular domains connected by mobile linker regions. This exterior region of E2 includes two lipoyl domains which engage not only in the intermediate reactions of the complex but also have integral roles in the kinase-phosphatase regulatory interconversion of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1) component. To facilitate understanding of these roles, lipoyl domain constructs of the E2 component of human PDC were expressed as glutathione S-transferase (GST)-linked fusion proteins from plasmid inserts prepared by polymerase chain reaction procedures. The NH2-terminal lipoyl domain, E2L1, and the interior lipoyl domain, E2L2, are connected by a 30-amino-acid hinge region, H1. Constructs designed and expressed were E2L1(1-98), E2L1.H1(1-128), E2L2(120-233), E2H1.L2(98-233), and E2L1.H1.L2(1-233), where numbers in parentheses give the amino acid sequence for the portions of the E2 component incorporated into a construct. The domains were expressed in Escherichia coli with and without lipoate supplementation. GST constructs were purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography and selectively released by thrombin treatment. Sequencing of insert DNAs and NH2-terminal sequencing confirmed that domains were produced as designed. Measurement of masses by electrospray mass spectrometry indicated that constructs with lipoylated, nonlipoylated, and octanoylated forms were produced when expression was with E. coli grown without lipoate supplementation and that fully lipoylated forms were produced upon lipoate supplementation. The lipoylation status was confirmed, following delipoylation with Enterococcus faecalis lipoamidase, by the expected decrease in mass and by the observation in native gel electrophoresis of a shift to a slower mobility (possibly less compact) form. Constructs were used in E1-catalyzed reductive-acetylation reaction in proportion to their degree of lipoylation and were effective substrates in a NADH-dependent dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase reduction reaction. Thus, we have produced lipoyl domain constructs that can be employed in sorting the specific roles of E2L1 and E2L2 in facilitating catalytic and regulatory processes.
Disaster evacuation for persons with special needs: A content analysis of information on YouTube

Disaster preparedness is more complex for persons with chronic illness, who may require specific planning to address unique needs. Research suggests that advance preparation and evacuation during a disaster leads to better health outcomes. Individuals access, and rely on, health information via online sources. The purpose of this descriptive qualitative study was to examine information that persons who may have special needs receive from an Internet based free sharing source, YouTube, related to disaster evacuation procedures. A content analysis of 51 clips using the Health Literacy Skills Framework revealed themes related to quality and region. Findings suggested concerns such as errors, minimal information about management of conditions during evacuation, and lack of diversity.
Operations research and data mining

With the rapid growth of databases in many modern enterprises data mining has become an increasingly important approach for data analysis. The operations research community has contributed significantly to this field, especially through the formulation and solution of numerous data mining problems as optimization problems, and several operations research applications can also be addressed using data mining methods. This paper provides a survey of the intersection of operations research and data mining. The primary goals of the paper are to illustrate the range of interactions between the two fields, present some detailed examples of important research work, and provide comprehensive references to other important work in the area. The paper thus looks at both the different optimization methods that can be used for data mining, as well as the data mining process itself and how operations research methods can be used in almost every step of this process. Promising directions for future research are also identified throughout the paper. Finally, the paper looks at some applications related to the area of management of electronic services, namely customer relationship management and personalization.
Analysis of an Engineered Salmonella Flagellar Fusion Protein, FliR-FlhB

Salmonella FliR and FlhB are membrane proteins necessary for flagellar export. In Clostridium a fliR-flhB fusion gene exists. We constructed a similar Salmonella fusion gene which is able to complement fliR, flhB, and fliR flhB null strains. Western blotting revealed that the FliR-FlhB fusion protein retains the FlhB protein's cleavage properties. We conclude that the FliR and FlhB proteins are physically associated in the wild-type Salmonella basal body, probably in a 1:1 ratio.
Cinema by Other Means

Preamble 1. Film, Or the Vibrancy of Matter 2. On Re-materialization of the Cinematographic Apparatus 3. Written Films 4. Notes Around General Cinefication 5. Whither the Imaginary Signifier? 6. The 'Between' of Cinema Index
A MEMS transducer for detection of acoustic emission events

Acoustic emissions are ultrasonic pulses produced in solids when irreversible damage occurs under mechanical loading. We report on the design and testing of a MEMS device, adapted from cMUT technology, to detect acoustic emissions. The device is fabricated in a surface-machined MEMS process and consists of diaphragms supported by springs above a plate. When a DC bias voltage is applied, vibration of the spring-supported diaphragm causes a time-varying current. The MEMS device contains seven independent transducers with resonant frequencies in the range of 100 kHz to 1 MHz. The availability of multiple signals allows for redundant sensing and may facilitate distinction of true acoustic emissions from other events. We report the detection of actual acoustic emission events in structural testing, comparing the performance of the MEMS device with a conventional PZT acoustic emission transducer. In the test, a MEMS device and a conventional transducer were attached to a steel beam specimen which was loaded to failure. Strong acoustic emission events were simultaneously detected by both types of transducers
Time domain deconvolution of transient radar data

A simple technique is presented for obtaining the impulse response of a conducting radar target by deconvolving the measured response of the experimental system from the measured response of the target. The scheme uses singular value decomposition (SVD). It is shown that the ill-conditioned nature of the deconvolution process can be linked to the use of inappropriate frequency information in the representation of the unknown impulse response. Examples using measured transient radar data establish the usefulness of the scheme. The noise sensitivity of the deconvolution process can also be traced to the improper representation of the impulse response. Accurate deconvolution is demonstrated even in the presence of large amounts of random noise. >
O-Cluster: scalable clustering of large high dimensional data sets

Clustering large data sets of high dimensionality has always been a challenge for clustering algorithms. Many recently developed clustering algorithms have attempted to address either handling data sets with a very large number of records and/or with a very high number of dimensions. We provide a discussion of the advantages and limitations of existing algorithms when they operate on very large multidimensional data sets. To simultaneously overcome both the "curse of dimensionality" and the scalability problems associated with large amounts of data, we propose a new clustering algorithm called O-Cluster. O-Cluster combines a novel active sampling technique with an axis-parallel partitioning strategy to identify continuous areas of high density in the input space. The method operates on a limited memory buffer and requires at most a single scan through the data. We demonstrate the high quality of the obtained clustering solutions, their robustness to noise, and O-Cluster's excellent scalability.
Bounds on earthquake response of elastic columns

The dynamics of an elastic column subjected to vertical as well as horizontal ground acceleration during an earthquake strong motion is considered. The Liapunov method of stability analysis is employed and several bounds on the maximum lateral displacement and bending stress are obtained and discussed.
Chromosomal destabilization during gene amplification

Acentric extrachromosomal elements, such as submicroscopic autonomously replicating circular molecules (episomes) and double minute chromosomes, are common early, and in some cases initial, intermediates of gene amplification in many drug-resistant and tumor cell lines. In order to gain a more complete understanding of the amplification process, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which such extrachromosomal elements are generated and we traced the fate of these amplification intermediates over time. The model system consists of a Chinese hamster cell line (L46) created by gene transfer in which the initial amplification product was shown previously to be an unstable extrachromosomal element containing an inverted duplication spanning more than 160 kilobases (J. C. Ruiz and G. M. Wahl, Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:4302-4313, 1988). In this study, we show that these molecules were formed by a process involving chromosomal deletion. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed at multiple time points on cells with amplified sequences. These studies reveal that the extrachromosomal molecules rapidly integrate into chromosomes, often near or at telomeres, and once integrated, the amplified sequences are themselves unstable. These data provide a molecular and cytogenetic chronology for gene amplification in this model system; an early event involves deletion to generate extrachromosomal elements, and subsequent integration of these elements precipitates a cascade of chromosome instability.
Utilization of Nutrition‐Focused Physical Assessment in Identifying Micronutrient Deficiencies

Heightened interest in and utilization of parts of the nutrition-focused physical assessment (NFPA) have increased with recent guidelines in defining malnutrition and the call to awareness among healthcare practitioners to recognize, document, and intervene in malnourished patients. Furthermore, an increased prevalence of nutrient deficiencies has been reported in surgical weight loss patients, those with various acute and chronic diseases, and the elderly requiring physical assessment and examination skills to identify these deficiencies. The registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) can use the NFPA to note physical findings to use along with the other domains in the nutrition assessment to determine the nutrition-related diagnosis, while other nutrition professionals can use the NFPA findings to determine a differential diagnosis. This article outlines the NFPA and how to determine physical findings related to micronutrient deficiencies, which can have a profound impact on overall nutrition status.
Coloplast Titan Inflatable Penile Prosthesis with One‐Touch Release Pump: Review of 100 Cases and Comparison with Genesis Pump

ABSTRACT Introduction In 2008 Coloplast Corporation modified their Titan inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) with a new One‐Touch Release (OTR) pump, in an attempt to facilitate device deflation. There is currently little published data concerning this new pump. Aim The aim of this pilot study was to assess initial patient and physician experience with the Titan OTR pump. Methods Retrospective chart review was used to assess the functionality and surgeon experience with 100 consecutive patients implanted with a Titan OTR pump, compared with 100 prior consecutive patients implanted with a Titan Genesis pump. Main Outcome Measures The ease of implantation of the OTR pump, the number of required postoperative inflate/deflate teaching visits, and OTR pump functionality were assessed and compared with that of the prior Genesis pump. Results The mean length of follow‐up in the Genesis group (N = 100) was 20.8 months, and mean length of follow‐up in the OTR group (N = 100) was 8.4 months. There was one device infection in each group. The average number of postoperative teaching sessions needed to teach the patient how to operate the device was 1.87 in the Genesis group, and 1.19 in the OTR group ( P P Conclusions This pilot study revealed that the OTR pump functioned as specified by the manufacturer. With short‐term follow‐up, no pump malfunctions were detected. The OTR pump was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the number of postoperative teaching sessions required for the patient to properly operate the device. It was subjectively just as easy to implant and inflate, and easier to deflate, compared with the Genesis pump. Shaw T and Garber BB. Coloplast Titan inflatable penile prosthesis with one‐touch release pump: Review of 100 cases and comparison with genesis pump.
Terpenoids of Sinularia.: Chemistry and Biomedical Applications

The soft coral genus Sinularia is one of the most widely distributed soft corals. It constitutes a dominant portion of the biomass in the tropical reef environment. Sinularia elaborates a rich harvest of secondary metabolites including sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, polyhydroxylated steroids, and polyamine compounds. These metabolites were recently shown to possess a range of biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities. During the past decade, Sinularia has yielded many new structures with novel skeletons. Several of the previously published secondary metabolites have been reexamined for their pharmacological properties, and the results strongly support further investigations. The current article reviews the terpenoids of the soft coral genus Sinularia and their pharmacological significance.
Determinants of FDI and their Impact on Economic Growth in Uganda

Uganda, in an attempt to accelerate growth and development, has been encouraging foreign direct investment (FDI) through privatization programmes and generous incentive packages such as tax holidays and exemptions. However, the Ugandan experience shows that to attract FDI, macroeconomic and political stability and policy consistency are much more important than such incentive schemes. The paper discusses infrastructure and institutional bottlenecks that act as deterrents to FDI. The paper uses time series data to investigate the FDI-growth linkage. The empirical results indicate that FDI has a positive impact on GDP growth in Uganda. L'Ouganda s'efforce d'accelerer la croissance et le developpement en encourageant les IFD par le biais de programmes de privatisation et de genereuses mesures d'incitation, notamment des treves et exonerations fiscales. Cependant, l'experience ougandaise montre que pour attirer les IFD, la stabilite macroeconomique et politique et des orientations coherentes sont bien plus importantes que de telles mesures. Le document examine les obstacles au niveau des infrastructures et des institutions qui limitent l'expansion des IFD. Il utilise les donnees de series chronologiques pour determiner les liens entre ces institutions et la croissance. Il ressort des resultats empiriques que les IFD ont un impact positif sur la croissance du PIB en Ouganda.
IDENTIFICATION OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR (IGF)-1 RECEPTOR IN HUMAN SPERM CELL

The present study was conducted to examine the presence of insulin-like growth factor- receptor (IGF-1R) in human sperm cell. The IGF-1R monoclonal antibody (MAb) specifically immunoprecipitated two protein bands of approximately 135 and approximately 220 kD, respectively, from the reduced human sperm extract. These bands correspond to the alpha-subunit and partially reduced IGF-1R molecule, respectively. The immunocytochemistry experiments indicated the presence of IGF-1R primarily in the equatorial regions, along with a weak binding in the acrosomal regions of human spermatozoa. These data indicate that the IGF-1 receptor is present in the human sperm cell. Since the IGF-1 receptor has tyrosine kinase activity and its ligand IGF-1 is present in the seminal plasma, the IGF-1 system (IGF-1R/IGF-1/IGF-binding protein) may be involved in the signal transduction pathway leading to sperm capacitation and acrosome exocytosis.
Robust design: seeking the best of all possible worlds

We describe a framework for analyzing simulation output in order to find solutions that will work well after implementation. We show how the use of a loss function that incorporates both system mean and system variability can be used to efficiently and effectively carry out system optimization and improvement efforts. For models whose behavior depends on quantitative factors, we illustrate how robust design can be accomplished by using simple experimental designs in conjunction with response-surface metamodels. The results can yield new insights into system behavior, and may lead to recommended system configurations that differ substantially from those selected by analysis solely on the basis of mean response.
Kinetics of B Cell Receptor Signaling in Human B Cell Subsets Mapped by Phosphospecific Flow Cytometry

Differences in BCR signaling may govern outcomes as diverse as proliferation and cell death. We profiled BCR signaling kinetics in subsets of primary human B cells using flow cytometry. In the predominant population expressing IgM, BCR cross-linking led to a quick burst of Syk, ERK1/2, and p38 signaling. In contrast, IgG B cells sustained higher per-cell ERK1/2 phosphorylation over time. This dichotomy suggested a mechanism for dampening signals transmitted by IgM. Regulatory phosphatase activity in IgM B cells was BCR-mediated and initiated more slowly than kinase activity. This BCR-mediated phosphatase activity was sensitive to inhibition by H 2 O 2 and required to attenuate IgM BCR signaling. These results provide the first kinetic maps of BCR signaling in primary human B cell subsets and enable new studies of signaling in B cell disorders, such as autoimmunity and cancer.
Hierarchical partitioning techniques for structured adaptive mesh refinement (SAMR) applications

Presents the design and preliminary evaluation of hierarchical partitioning and load-balancing techniques for distributed structured adaptive mesh refinement (SAMR) applications. The overall goal of these techniques is to enable the load distribution to reflect the state of the adaptive grid hierarchy and exploit it to reduce synchronization requirements, improve load-balance, and enable concurrent communications and incremental redistribution. The hierarchical partitioning algorithm (HPA) partitions the computational domain into subdomains and assigns them to hierarchical processor groups. Two variants of HPA are presented. The static hierarchical partitioning algorithm (SHRA) assigns portions of overall load to processor groups. In SHRA, the group size and the number of processors in each group is setup during initialization and remains unchanged during application execution. It is experimentally shown that SHRA reduces communication costs as compared to the Non-HPA scheme, and reduces overall application execution time by up to 41%. The adaptive hierarchical partitioning algorithm (AHRA) dynamically partitions the processor pool into hierarchical groups that match the structure of the adaptive grid hierarchy.
10 The Subject of Freedom at the End of History Socialism Beyond Humanism

The postmodernist turn in theory left the status of humanism in some doubt. This chapter argues that a recuperation of a specifically socialist humanism is both possible and desirable, but only by overcoming the anthropocentrism of radical humanism. Renaissance and Enlightenment conceptions of the subject were rooted in an untenable dichotomy between the human and the animal, in ways that vitiated the idea and ideal of universal freedom. By conflating subjectivity as such with human subjectivity, humanism created a diremption in the world that placed the knower (human consciousness) on one side, and the merely known (objectified Nature) on the other. Marxism and socialist humanism reproduced this error in ways that have undermined the socialist vision of universal emancipation, misconstrued the nature of the subject, and overlooked the significance of human domination of other animals. The author advocates a new approach, what lie calls metahumanism. to affirm a "two-sided" freedom in which the liberation of other animals from human oppression, and the emancipation of ourselves as animals-that is. the restoration of the sensual dimension of existence, free sexual expression, and valorization of the labor and love of the body-would become central features of a new movement for civil and cultural reform.
Evidence for the acquisition of multi-drug resistance in an HIV-1 clinical isolate via human sequence transduction

Insertions in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase's fingers subdomain can enhance chain terminator excision and confer resistance to multiple nucleoside analogs. Inserts that resemble flanking sequences likely arise by local sequence duplication. However, a remarkable variety of non-repeat fingers insertions have been observed. Here, molecular epidemiology, sequence analyses and mechanistic modeling were employed to show that one Japanese isolate's RT fingers insert likely resulted from non-homologous recombination between virus and host sequences and the transductive copying of 37 nucleotides from human chromosome 17. These findings provide evidence that human sequence transduction can, at least rarely, contribute to genetic and phenotypic variation in pandemic HIV.
Evidence-Informed, Individual Treatment of a Child with Sexual Behavior Problems: A Case Study

Children with sexual behavior problems pose a significant challenge for community-based mental health clinicians. Very few clinical trials are available to guide intervention and those interventions that are available are based in a group format. The current case study demonstrates the application of evidence-informed treatment techniques during the individual treatment of a 10-year-old boy displaying interpersonal sexual behavior problems. Specifically, the clinician adapts and implements a group-based model developed and tested by Bonner et al. (1999) for use with an individual child and his caregivers. Key points of the case study are discussed within the context of implementing evidence-informed treatments for children with sexual behavior problems.
Numerica: A Modeling Language for Global Optimization

Part 1 Introduction: nonlinear programming local methods global methods Numerica outline. Part 2 A tour of Numerica: getting started generic constraints constants ranges input parameters aggregation operators functions sets unconstrained optimization constrained optimization local constraint solving local unconstrained optimization soft constraints real constraints and uncertain data display accuracy. Part 3 The meaning of Numerica: interval analysis constraint solving unconstrained optimization interpretation of the results. Part 4 Modelling in Numerica: what can go wrong in Numerica improving Numerica statements. Part 5 The syntax of Numerica: overall structure expressions the constant section the input section the set section the variable section the function section the body section the display section the pragma section scoping rules. Part 6 The semantics of Numerica: interval arithmetic semantics of constraint solving semantics of unconstrained minimization semantics of constrained minimization non-canonical boxes. Part 7 An implementation of Numerica: overview of the algorithm domain-specific and monotonic interval extensions constraint solving unconstrained optimization constrained optimization advanced techniques an implementation of box consistency. Part 8 Experimental results: constraint solving unconstrained optimization constrained optimization appendices.
Democracy, Paternalism, and Campaign Finance

In this paper I defend limits on corporate expenditures of the kind that were enacted by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) and struck down by the Supreme Court in Citizens United. I argue that limits are justified by the need to ensure that the government is representative of the people rather than wealthy corporations who can gain influence through campaign spending. I then present the objection that this argument makes paternalistic assumptions about the abilities of citizens to evaluate speech, assumptions that are themselves undemocratic because they reflect a lack of trust in citizens. The main philosophical contribution of the paper is repose to this objection, which shows that the assumptions needed to defend BCRA are compatible with democratic principles. Along the way, I demonstrate that one can be committed to the kind of regulation embodied by BCRA, which targets campaign speech, just prior to and concerning an election, without having to endorse further regulations of speech outside of the campaign context.
Retention and removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in saturated soils of arctic hillslopes

Interaction of hydrologic and biogeochemical processes on hillslopes may contribute significantly to export of nutrients from soils to stream networks, yet hillslopes remain poorly understood components of catchments. In the arctic, hillslopes are underlain by permafrost, and drained by zero-order channels called water tracks that contain perennial subsurface flow. We conducted in situ experiments to measure retention of inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) by saturated soils of water tracks and investigated the roles of water residence time, flowpath depth, and substrate availability in determining the balance of reaction and transport of nutrients. Net retention of P was observed in 46 % of experiments, and net retention or removal of nitrate ( $${\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ ) was observed in 57 % of experiments, whereas net retention of ammonium ( $${\text{NH}}_{4}^{ + }$$ ) occurred in only 16 % of experiments performed. Net production of $${\text{NH}}_{4}^{ + }$$ occurred in 42 % of experiments, was more frequently observed than retention, and was most rapid where water residence time was shortest. P retention was enhanced by P availability, suggesting strong capacity to buffer downslope fluxes of inorganic P in water tracks. Net retention or removal of $${\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ tended to occur in shallow flowpaths, but was not detected in deeper soils. Strong retention of inorganic P by saturated arctic soils indicates that hillslopes contribute to regulating the flux of P to downstream ecosystems, whereas weaker retention of inorganic N, particularly where flows are deep or rapid, suggests that increased discharge from hillslopes and deeper thaw will contribute to increased export of N.
Disidentifications Revisited: Queer(y)ing Intercultural Communication Theory

In this theoretical essay, we revisit Munoz's (1999) highly influential theory of disidentifications to explore the potentiality of queer (of color) identities, performances, and politics in intercultural communication processes. We seek to interrogate the fluid and complex nuances of (dis)identifications with hegemonic relations of power, oppression, and privilege through our narratives as queer transnational/migrant men of color. By arguing that sexuality, sex/gender, and body function as significant facets of overall identity, we move forward to discuss larger implications of disidentifications to communication theory.
Revenue Maximization for Broadband Service Providers Using Revenue Capacity

Broadband Internet service providers (ISPs) are for-profit companies: they provide high-speed Internet service to customers in order to maximize revenue. Their revenue depends on prices they are able to charge the customers, which in turn depends on the data rates provided. This paper defines the `revenue capacity' of a communication channel as the maximum revenue an ISP can achieve by allocating data rates to customers, given an exogenous price function and an underlying physical-layer model. Revenue capacity is the maximum revenue for the ISP constrained only by the physical-layer limitations of the multiuser channel under the assumption that the ISP can dictate data rates to its customers. This paper proposes an algorithm to compute the revenue capacity for multiuser Gaussian channels with staircase price functions, and to produce feasible data rates achieving the revenue capacity. The paper concludes with an analysis of incremental migration of VDSL to vectored VDSL, quantifying the increase in revenue capacity with the increase in the percentage of vectored users.
Proton-Driven Molecular Ratchet Iteratively Activated by Microfluidics

Anthrax toxin (AT), the key virulence factor secreted by Bacillus anthracis, injects lethal enzymes into cells using pH and voltage transmembrane gradients. Anthrax toxin is comprised of three proteins: protective antigen (PA, 83 kDa), the pore-forming protein which delivers the other two toxic enzymes - edema factor (EF, 89 kDa) and lethal factor (LF, 90 kDa) - into the cell cytosol. The mechanism of AT translocation is dependent on a pH gradient, but exactly how this works is not yet clear. Here, we use a droplet-interface bilayer(DIB)-based fluid exchange device that allows reagents to be introduced to the model membrane in rapid sequence. We are able to switch proton gradient across the membrane on and off and reload AT proteins repeatedly. To support the putative Brownian-ratchet mechanism of translocation, the AT translocation was induced using a gradient and subsequently paused. By cycling the gradient on and off, the translocation can be started and stopped repeatedly as shown in our electrical recordings. This method may be of utility in the study of other AB toxins that are believed to operate using a proton gradient for energy.
Incorporation of Museum-Based Service Learning into Advanced Engineering Electives in Aerospace Engineering and 3-D Printing

The need for improved communication skills among engineers has been widely recognized. The current work proposes a model for teaching engineers to communicate technical material to non-technical audiences: museum-based service learning. In this model, engineering students simultaneously master technical material and prepare outreach material for the general public. This model was implemented in a series of engineering elective courses where students prepared materials describing the engineering involved in the development of the Juno space probe. The approach fits within identified ABET educational outcomes, and produces a scientifically accurate display.
Evaluation of Experimenter-Supplied and Subject-Originated Descriptive-Story Mnemonics in a Free-Recall Task

The effectiveness of a mnemonic technique as an aid to free recall is greatly influenced by whether or not the mnemonic scheme is E-supplied or S-originated. Kibler and Blick (1972) found that an E-supplied first-letter mnemonic technique excelled S-originated ones as an effective aid to free recall. In contrast, Bobrow and Bower (1969) using a paired-associate task and a mnemonic similar to the descriptive story found the S-originated scheme to be superior. The purpose of this present experiment was to compare the relative effectiveness of E-supplied and S-originated descriptive-story schemes in a free-recall verbal task. It was hypothesized that Ss who generated their own scheme would demonstrate better retention than Ss si~pplied a scheme. Ss were 58 members of two introductory psychology classes, and half of each class served in the E-supplied group and half served in the S-originated group. The verbal material to be learned by Ss consisted of the following 19 English nouns: abdomen, cholera, denim, desertion, destroyer, ensign, gully, humidity, indigo, jade, kale, mortar, pagoda, parrot, python, roach, shark, villa and watermelons. All Ss were given 10 min. to memorize the words using the descriptive-story mnemonic and then 2 min. to write down the words they had just memorized. The mean number of words correctly recalled by all Ss at the immediate, 2-day, l-wk., 6-wk., and 12-wk. retention intervals, respectively, was 18.00, 16.24, 15.96, 12.66, and 11.82 for the S-originated group; 17.93, 16.31, 16.24, 12.83, and 12.03 for the E-supplied group. The results did not support the hypothesis that Ss who generated their own descriptive-story scheme would demonstrate better retention than Ss supplied a descriptive-story scheme (F .05). The almost identical mean scores for the groups at each retention level are in marked opposition to the significant advantage Kibler and Blick ( 1972) found for the E-supplied group. Together the studies cited above suggest an interaction berween type of mnemonic aid and source-whether it is originated by E or S. The present study strengthens the suggesrion but it indicates that the interaction is not of the predicted magnitude.
University Students Analysis of Common Sports Injuries

Based on a university sports injury clinic for treatment of the investigation,analysis of multiple college sports injury time,the site of injury,injury type,composition and its causes and put forward appropriate preventive measures.
A prism of excellence: The Charleston Veterans Administration Nursing Academic Partnership.

Abstract Background The Veterans Administration (VA) has been committed to academic affiliate training partnerships for nearly 70 years in efforts to enhance veteran-centric health care. One such effort, the VA Nursing Academy (VANA) program, was developed in 2007 in response to the nationwide nursing shortage and began as a five-year pilot with funding competitively awarded to 15 partnerships between local VA medical centers and schools of nursing. The VANA program evolved into the VA Nursing Academic Partnership (VANAP) program following the initial pilot. Purpose This article describes the development and evolution of the Charleston VANAP, which includes the Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center (RHJ VAMC) and the Medical University of South Carolina College of Nursing (MUSC CON). Methods The VA Office of Academic Affiliations (OAA) funded a large portion of the initial five years of the Charleston VANAP. Once the national funding source ceased, the RHJ VAMC and the MUSC CON entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to offer in-kind contributions to the partnership. Discussion The Charleston VANAP is the only program in the nation to offer three different nurse trainee programs and this article highlights some of the more notable achievements from each program. Conclusion The Charleston VANAP is a comprehensive partnership between the RHJ VAMC and the MUSC CON that truly demonstrates a commitment to assure that the very best care be provided to Veterans, our Nation's heroes.