cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kim Brown Morrish and Ground Control (a)

In December of 2003, Kim Brown Morrish and her husband, Simon Morrish, had just finished meeting with the owner of Ground Control, a landscaping business they were considering buying. They knew they wanted to run their own business, but neither was excited about the risks associated with starting from scratch or the many years it could take to achieve profitability with a start-up, and they both thought that buying an established company could be the answer. Ground Control had a national footprint (1,600 new locations in every postal code in Britain) and a diversified and balanced client portfolio. But are the risks surrounding the company worth the potential benefits Ground Control can offer Kim and Simon's growing family? Excerpt UVA-ENT-0206 Rev. Jan. 7, 2015 KIM BROWN MORRISH AND GROUND CONTROL (A) As Kim Brown Morrish got back into her car with her husband, Simon Morrish, she wondered what they should do. It was December 2003, and they had just finished meeting with Steve Harrod, the owner of Ground Control, the landscaping business they were considering buying. What they thought would be just an initial introduction to Harrod ended up turning into a spontaneous meeting with the current management team in an old cottage that served as the company headquarters. Things were suddenly moving much quicker than expected, and as she and her husband drove through the Essex countryside toward London, Kim had a lot weighing on her mind. A Meeting in Jamaica Kim met Simon while they were both working in Jamaica in 1998. Kim was leading a team of consultants for IPC GmbH, and Simon was on assignment for McKinsey & Company when he boldly walked into a meeting she was leading in order to introduce himself to her. Despite their seemingly different backgrounds—Kim was a Virginia native who held both a bachelor's degree and an MBA from the University of Virginia, whereas Simon was born and raised in the United Kingdom, where he had studied economics, engineering, and management at Oxford University—the pair hit it off immediately and quickly discovered their shared entrepreneurial spirit. Both had grown up in families that owned businesses, and they had always been drawn to the idea of running their own venture. As Kim saw it, they were both drivers on the road of life rather than passengers, and by their second date they were already sharing business ideas. . . .
The College Gets Its Act Together: Cutting the Costs of Disputes in Organizations:

This case is framed around the personal experience of a faculty member whose dispute with supervisors lead to the resignation of a chair, the eventual firing of a dean, and the loss of good will wi...
Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthrodesis

Arthrodesis of the badly damaged or unstable proximal interphalangeal joint of the finger can be useful for the functional salvage of this joint, although arthroplasty of the index proximal interphalangeal joint is frequently unsatisfactory because of instability of pinch. Arthroplasty of internal fingers is usually more satisfactory because they are protected by adjacent normal fingers. Arthroplasty of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the small finger may be worthwhile because this finger is not often subjected to ulnar-deforming forces in pinch. Thus, with the ulnar three fingers, arthroplasty may be a valuable method for reconstruction and useful integration of a single operated finger for participation in grip. On some occasions, however, arthroplasty will lead to instability, angulation, or other deformity, or sufficient motion simply may not be regained. In these instances, function may be salvaged by arthrodesis.
“I Fell Upon Him Like A Furious Arrow”: Toward A Reconstruction Of The Assyrian Tactical System

The Assyrian Royal Army was an ideal tool for incorporating the ancient seats of power in Sumer, Akkad, and Babylon, and stretching its reach even to Egypt, a fearsome war machine that for centuries rampaged across the Near East, pouring "awesome terror over the land," as the Assyrian royal inscriptions put it. The Assyrian royal records comprise a series of inscriptions in a variety of media, such as clay objects buried in building foundations, archival tablets, or carvings on stone walls or stelae. As a consequence, they include lengthy disquisitions on the baseness of the enemy, the brilliance and justice of the Assyrian king, his closeness to the gods, the difficulties of the march, and other such themes that are not directly relevant to reconstructing the Assyrian tactical system. The equipment of the Assyrian heavy spearman is suggestive of their role on the battlefield such as helmet, and sword. Keywords: Akkad; Assyrian tactical system; Babylon; Egypt; Sumer
Use of medical simulation in neonatal-perinatal fellowship training programs

Objective: Simulation-based training is being increasingly used in undergraduate and graduate medical education. There are no prior studies on the use of simulation-based training in Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine (NPM) fellowship programs in the U.S. We conducted this study to evaluate the current use of simulation-based training in these programs. Subjects and methods: An 18 question survey was sent to all NPM fellowship Program Directors in the U.S. The survey contained questions regarding the use of simulation-based training, details on how the training was accomplished and perceived barriers to its use. Results: 62% (60/97) of the programs surveyed responded. Eighty-one percent of responding programs reporting using simulation. Of those, 86% used mannequin-based high-fidelity simulation. The most common uses for simulation training included: neonatal resuscitation skills (86%), procedural skills (71%), airway management (69%), crisis resource management/team training (69%), and professionalism (47%). Most programs are still developing their curriculums and there was a wide range in the amount of time spent on simulation training. Common barriers included time and cost of equipment. Conclusions: The majority of NPM fellowship programs we surveyed used simulation as part of their training and most did so with the use of high-fidelity mannequins. The proportion of programs using simulation for crisis team management and professionalism suggest that these types of training are important components of simulation-based training in addition to the traditional use for resuscitation skills. Further research is needed to determine if simulation-based training in NPM fellowship provides important benefits over traditional teaching methods.
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGPLAN-SIGSOFT workshop on Program analysis for software tools and engineering

This volume contains the papers presented at the Fourth ACM SIGPLAN/SIGSOFT Workshop on Program Analysis for Software Tools and Engineering (PASTE'02), held as part of SIGSOFT 2002 in conjunction with the 10th International Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (FSE-10), on November 18-19, 2002 in Charleston, South Carolina.In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the use of sophisticated program analysis techniques in software development and maintenance tools. This class of tools includes those used for program understanding, verification, testing, debugging, reverse engineering, and profiling. Not only can such tools make use of analysis techniques previously developed for optimizing compilers, they frequently require the development of entirely new techniques tailored to the requirements of software tools. The goal of PASTE'02 was to bring together members of the program analysis, software tools, and software engineering communities to focus on applications of program analysis techniques in software tools.For the PASTE'02 program, the program committee aimed for a true workshop format (in contrast to a "mini-conference") by soliciting both long and short written contributions, by inviting three distinguished speakers (Dawson Engler, Greg Morrisett, David Notkin) to discuss topics of special interest to the PASTE audience, and by allowing ample time for discussions.A total of 26 papers were submitted, out of which 9 papers were selected by the program committee. Each paper was reviewed by at least three program committee members. The program committee thanks Deepak Goyal and Thomas Reps for their assistance in evaluating the submissions.
Non-complementary modulated arm width spiral design and application

Modulated Arm Width (MAW) spiral antennas are usually self-complementary and have the same period as arm count. In this paper we investigate the impact of non-complementary geometries. In some frequency independent structures which have periodic circuits, non-complementary behavior arises from varying that period independently of the arm count. Specifically for MAW spiral antennas, modal radiation properties can be changed by varying the period unlike varying the ratio of metal to air.
A search at two eclipses for short-period waves that heat the corona

As part of a study of the cause of solar coronal heating, we searched for high-frequency (∼1 Hz) intensity oscillations in coronal loops in the [Fe xiv] coronal green line. We summarize results from observations made at the 3 November 1994, total solar eclipse from the International Astronomical Union site in Putre, Chile, through partly cloudy skies, and at the 26 February 1998 total solar eclipse from Nord, Aruba, through clear skies. We discuss the image reduction and analysis of two simultaneous series of coronal CCD images digitized at 10 Hz for a total time of 160 s in Chile. One series of images was taken through a filter isolating the 5303 A[Fe xiv] coronal green line and the other through a 100 A filter in the nearby K-corona continuum. We then discuss the modifications made for the 1998 eclipse, and the image reduction and analysis for those image sequences. After standard calibrations and image alignment of both data sets, we use Fourier analysis to search in the [Fe xiv] channel for intensity oscillations in loops at the base of the corona. Such oscillations in the 1-Hz range are predicted as a result of density fluctuations from the resonant absorption of MHD waves. The dissipation of a significant amount of mechanical energy from the photosphere into the corona through this mechanism could provide sufficient energy to heat the corona. At neither eclipse do we find evidence for oscillations in the [Fe xiv] green line at a level greater than 2% of coronal intensity.
REGION-SPECIFIC REGULATION OF GLUTAMIC ACID DECARBOXYLASE (GAD) MRNA EXPRESSION IN CENTRAL STRESS CIRCUITS

Neurocircuit inhibition of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurons controlling hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) activity prominently involves GABAergic cell groups of the hypothalamus and basal forebrain. In the present study, stress responsiveness of GABAergic regions implicated in HPA inhibition was assessed by in situ hybridization, using probes recognizing the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65 and GAD67 isoforms). Acute restraint preferentially increased GAD67 mRNA expression in several stress-relevant brain regions, including the arcuate nucleus, dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, medial preoptic area, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and hippocampus (CA1 and dentate gyrus). In all cases GAD67 mRNA peaked at 1 hr after stress and returned to unstimulated levels by 2 hr. GAD65 mRNA upregulation was only observed in the BST and dentate gyrus. In contrast, chronic intermittent stress increased GAD65 mRNA in the anterior hypothalamic area, dorsomedial nucleus, medial preoptic area, suprachiasmatic nucleus, anterior BST, perifornical nucleus, and periparaventricular nucleus region. GAD67 mRNA increases were only observed in the medial preoptic area, anterior BST, and hippocampus. Acute and chronic stress did not affect GAD65 or GAD67 mRNA expression in the caudate nucleus, reticular thalamus, or parietal cortex. Overall, the results indicate preferential upregulation of GAD in central circuitry responsible for direct (hypothalamus, BST) or multisynaptic (hippocampus) control of HPA activity. The distinct patterns of GAD65 and GAD67 by acute versus chronic stress suggest stimulus duration-dependent control of GAD biosynthesis. Chronic stress-induced increases in GAD65 mRNA expression predict enhanced availability of GAD65 apoenzyme after prolonged stimulation, whereas acute stress-specific GAD67 upregulation is consistent with de novo synthesis of active enzyme by discrete stressful stimuli.
Biochemistry of vaccinia-infected mouse fibroblasts (strain L-M). III. Radioautographic and biochemical studies of thymidine-H3 uptake into DNA of L-M cells and rabbit cells in primary culture.

Abstract The effects of vaccinia on the incorporation of thymidine-H 3 into the DNA of mouse fibroblasts (Strain L-M) in suspension cultures and of rabbit kidney and rabbit embryo cells in primary monolayer cultures were investigated by biochemical and radioautographic methods. In uninfected cultures, radioautograms revealed that approximately one-third to one-half of the L-M cells and about 10% of young rabbit kidney cells (5–6 days) were labeled in their nuclei after a 1-hour incubation in thymidine-H 3 . Only 2–4% of the nuclei of older rabbit kidney cells (10 days) were labeled, and these cells manifested an exceedingly low DNA specific activity. Following infection by vaccinia, the uptake of thymidine-H 3 into DNA, measured by biochemical methods, was reduced in both L-M cells and young rabbit cultures, but increased at about 5–7 hours PI in older rabbit cultures. However, radioautographic preparations showed that the frequency of labeled nuclei was not increased in any of the infected cell populations and under certain conditions was definitely decreased. Thymidine-H 3 uptake into DNA was inhibited for several hours if L-M cells were centrifuged and washed 2 times with BSS prior to further incubation in fresh growth medium.
EBS k-d tree: an entropy balanced statistical k-d tree for image databases with ground-truth labels

In this paper we present a new image database indexing structure - Entropy Balanced Statistical (EBS) k-d Tree. This indexing mechanism utilizes the statistical properties and ground-truth labeling of image data for efficient and accurate searches. It is particularly valuable in the domains of medical and biological image database retrieval, where ground-truth labeling are available and archived with the images. The EBS k-d tree is an extension to the statistical k-d tree that attempts to optimize a multi-dimensional decision tree based on the fundamental principles from which it is constructed. Our approach is to develop and validate the notion of an entropy balanced statistical based decision tree. It is shown that by making balanced split decisions in the growth processing of the tree, that the average search depth is improved and the worst case search depth is usually dramatically improved. Furthermore, a method for linking the tree leaves into a non-linear structure was developed to increase the n-nearest neighbor similarity search accuracy. We have applied this to a large-scale medical diagnostic image database and have shown increases in search speed and accuracy over an ordinary distance-based search and the original statistical k-d tree index.
Complex cells as cortically amplified simple cells

The majority of synapses in primary visual cortex mediate excitation between nearby neurons, yet the role of local recurrent connections in visual processing remains unclear. We propose that these connections are responsible for the spatial-phase invariance of complex-cell responses. In a network model with selective cortical amplification, neurons exhibit simple-cell responses when recurrent connections are weak and complex-cell responses when they are strong, suggesting that simple and complex cells are the low- and high-gain limits of the same basic cortical circuit. Given the ubiquity of invariant responses in cognitive processing, the recurrent mechanism we propose for complex cells may be widely applicable.
Seeing Underground: Maps, Models and Mining Engineering in America

Seeing Underground: Maps, Models and Mining Engineering in America, by Eric C. Nystrom, associate professor of history at the Rochester Institute of Technology, is an in-depth look at United States...
Tracking Mobile Targets Using Wireless Sensor Networks

Mobile target tracking needs a sensor network able to autonomously adapt to the requirements of the data fusion algorithms. We propose a design architecture for a tracking algorithm in which the sensed data is processed in an abstract space called Information Space and the communication between nodes is modeled as an abstract space called Network Design Space. The two abstract spaces are connected through an interaction interface called InfoNet, that seamlessly translates the messages between the two. The proposed architecture is evaluated using simulations in NS2. The sensory data is collected from a laboratory testbed where a mobile robot (a Segway) moves along various types of trajectories over a pressure sensor network.
The measurement of scientific activity: Research directions in linking philosophy of science and metrics of science and technology outputs

Correlation between diabetes-related publication output and diabetes prevalence was sought and found in a sample of world countries and in the states of the US. Various correlation patterns (“demand driven research', “research driven prevention', no correlation) were distinguished and interpreted.
Regioselective synthesis of deuterated analogs of the neurotoxin MPTP

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-2-pyridone has been used as starting material for the efficient and regioselective synthesis of deuterated analogues of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). MPTP-2,2-d 2 , MPTP-6,6-d 2 and MPTP-2,2,6,6-d 4 were obtained in good yield through a combination of alkaline deuterium exchange and selective LiAlH 4 and LiAlD 4 reduction reactions.
Interacting with stories

In todays media-saturated world, students are consuming media both actively and passively. To facilitate active interaction with media, we address a specific kind of audiovisual media interaction in which we call a hyper-drama. We address hyper-drama interaction preferences across two age groups: grades one to five and grades 6 to 9. These hyper-drama interactions include a token on a horizontal display versus mouse on a desktop display for story navigation, desktop display versus tablet display for scene viewing, and virtual buttons versus speech for character interaction and decision making within the hyper-drama. We conducted a within-subjects pilot study to evaluate these interaction techniques.
Austin Phelps and the Spirit (of) Composing: An Exploration of Nineteenth-Century Sacred Rhetoric at Andover Theological Seminary

This paper highlights the largely unacknowledged theoretical and pedagogical contributions of Austin Phelps, the accomplished nineteenth-century preacher and teacher of rhetoric, in two ways: First, it demonstrates that Phelps's methods of instruction depart from the documented trends in rhetorical education at American colleges during the mid-nineteenth century in that he endeavors to teach the sermon as a form of civic engagement. Second, it shows how Phelps's discussions of the unconscious in the process of composing and his insights into the role of emotion in the writing process anticipate aspects of the process movement in Composition Studies.
Enhancing Ni-Sn nanowire lithium-ion anode performance by tailoring active/inactive material interfaces

Abstract Nanowire arrays have attracted great attention due to their great potential to improve the performance of Li-ion batteries. In this work, we studied anode performance of lithium-ion batteries using Ni–Sn nanowire arrays. A versatile method through a porous anodic alumina (PAA) template-assisted electrochemical deposition process was developed to directly synthesize Ni–Sn nanowire arrays on copper current collectors. This method presents significant advantage that the as-prepared Ni–Sn nanowire arrays can be directly used as anode electrode without any binder or conductive materials. However, the formation of a continuous Ni–Sn film at the base of the nanowires result in quick loss of electrical contact between the active material and the current collector because of the large strain mismatch at the large continuous active/inactive material (A/I) interface. By growing short Cu nanoscrews as a buffer layer before Ni–Sn nanowire growth, the formation of Ni–Sn film was inhibited and the A/I interface was scaled down to nanoscale islands. The strain mismatch is thus significantly reduced, which results in enhanced structural stability and battery performance. The effect of the composition and the length of Ni–Sn nanowire arrays on the electrochemical performance of lithium ion batteries are also systematically studied.
Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of recalcitrant pollutants over CdS–TiO2 nanotubes: Boosting effect of TiO2 nanoparticles at nanotube–CdS interface

Abstract The heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of a textile dye, over TiO 2 nanotubes (T_NT) containing nanocrystals of cadmium sulfide (CdS) and an interfacial layer of TiO 2 nanoparticles (T_NP) is presented. T_NT is prepared by anodization of Ti mesh. A TiCl 4 treatment is implemented to deposit T_NP on T_NT when applicable. CdS nanocrystals are prepared using a successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction approach. Methyl orange (MO) and phenol conversion on the different photocatalysts follows the trend: T_NT/T_NP/CdS > T_NT/CdS > T_NT with the actual values of fractional conversion of MO being 0.94, 0.64, and 0.04 respectively. The role of Na 2 S in MO photodegradation and CdS stabilization is examined in detail. The addition of a limited amount of Na 2 S (up to a concentration of 0.02 M) with MO has multiple benefits including (i) improvement in electron separation and transport, (ii) stabilization of the CdS, and (iii) enhancement of the photocatalytic degradation of MO by 35%.
Hemostasis effects of direct intraparenchymal injection of platelets and fresh frozen plasma before cutting needle biopsy in an animal model.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of direct intraparenchymal injection of platelets or fresh frozen plasma (FFP) into the needle tract before cutting needle biopsy to decrease postprocedural blood loss in pigs with normal and abnormal hemostasis. Materials and Methods A total of 12 Yorkshire-cross pigs were anesthetized and maintained on a respirator. The pigs were divided into three groups: three with normal hemostasis, five treated with warfarin anticoagulation, and four treated with aspirin. Four types of biopsies were performed in the exposed livers and kidneys with 14-gauge Tru-Cut needles. The first was a standard (ie, control) biopsy, and the other three were performed with 2 mL normal saline solution, porcine FFP, or platelet-rich porcine plasma injected into the planned needle tract. Biopsy was then performed in the same needle tract. Blood loss was measured with gauze sponges. Results Significantly decreased postbiopsy blood loss was noted after FFP and platelet injection in the livers and kidneys of all groups except the kidney biopsy group after platelet injection in pigs with normal hemostasis. There was no significant difference in blood loss between the control and saline solution control groups in any of the pigs. Conclusions Local injection of platelets or FFP significantly decreases postbiopsy blood loss in pigs with impaired hemostasis.
Unsupervised Joint Object Discovery and Segmentation in Internet Images

We present a new unsupervised algorithm to discover and segment out common objects from large and diverse image collections. In contrast to previous co-segmentation methods, our algorithm performs well even in the presence of significant amounts of noise images (images not containing a common object), as typical for datasets collected from Internet search. The key insight to our algorithm is that common object patterns should be salient within each image, while being sparse with respect to smooth transformations across other images. We propose to use dense correspondences between images to capture the sparsity and visual variability of the common object over the entire database, which enables us to ignore noise objects that may be salient within their own images but do not commonly occur in others. We performed extensive numerical evaluation on established co-segmentation datasets, as well as several new datasets generated using Internet search. Our approach is able to effectively segment out the common object for diverse object categories, while naturally identifying images where the common object is not present.
Induction with T-cell receptor antibody leads to long-term laryngeal allograft function.

Abstract Purpose The use of induction therapy with αβ T-cell receptor ( αβ TCR) monoclonal antibody in association with tacrolimus in an allogeneic rat laryngeal transplant model permits rigorous long-term evaluation of potential short-term synergism offered by these agents. Materials and methods The allogeneic model consisted of 19 Brown Norway larynges transplanted to Lewis recipients. Treatment consisted of tacrolimus (1.2 mg/kg per day) alone and in combination with 7 days of αβ TCR (0.5 mL/d). Control groups consisted of untreated animals, as well as a semiallogeneic model with Lewis-Brown Norway larynges transplanted to Lewis recipients and treated with tacrolimus monotherapy. Each group consisted of 6 to 11 rats. The median duration of engraftment was 44 days (range, 14–106 days). Graft histopathology was graded according to an established 31-point scale in a blinded fashion. Long-term grafts (>75 days) were followed with serum parathyroid hormone levels. Results Untreated controls experienced almost complete rejection (mean score, 27; SD, 0). Allogeneic transplants treated with tacrolimus monotherapy experienced near-complete rejection (mean score, 25.2; SD, 2.1). Allogeneic transplants treated with combination therapy and followed for a median duration of 100 days demonstrated significantly better rejection scores than controls (mean score, 11.1; SD, 1.7; P = .003). Combination therapy was also significantly more effective in preventing acute rejection than monotherapy with tacrolimus in a semiallogeneic model (mean score, 22.1; SD, 4.6; P Conclusions Induction therapy with tacrolimus and αβ TCR prevents rejection in an allogeneic model for up to 100 days. This regimen was associated with significantly better histopathologic rejection scores than untreated controls, or monotherapy with tacrolimus in allogeneic or semiallogeneic models.
Diurnal variability of upper ocean temperatures from microwave satellite measurements and Argo profiles

[1] Diurnal temperature variability in the top 50 m of the ocean is assessed by pairing Argo temperature profiles with geographically colocated Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) sea surface temperatures (SSTs) collected within ±24 h of each other. Data pairs with time separations of up to ±3 h are used to evaluate systematic differences between the two data sets. Daytime SSTs are warmer than Argo 5 m temperatures in low-wind conditions, as expected due to diurnal surface warming effects. SSTs also tend to be warmer than Argo 5 m temperatures when columnar water vapor is less than ∼7 mm. These effects are removed empirically. For Argo data collected within ±24 h of satellite overpass times, temperature differences between Argo and AMSR-E show evidence of a diurnal cycle detectable at 5 m depth and below. The diurnal amplitude decreases with increasing latitude and increasing depth to the base of the mixed layer and is stronger in summer than in winter. At 5 m depth, the amplitude of the summer diurnal cycle ranges from about 0.1°C at the equator to 0.05°C near 60° latitude. At latitudes where the diurnal amplitude exceeds about 0.04°C, maximum temperatures occur at about 16:50 ±0:40 local time, and minimum temperatures occur at about 07:50 ±0:40 local time. Above the base of the mixed layer, the time of the diurnal maximum increases with depth, consistent with downward propagation of the diurnal signal, while the time of the minimum implies an upward propagation.
In‐Home Businesses: Profiles of Successful and Struggling Craft Producers

The objective of this research was to develop profiles of successful and struggling craft producers. The profiles were examined in relation to existing scholarship on entrepreneurship and served as the basis for generating hypotheses for future research. Seventy craft producers who worked in fiber, clay, and wood, and who had operated in-home businesses for a minimum of three years, participated in telephone interviews intended to explore a range of topics related to their suc cess. Groups of successful (n = 34) and struggling (n = 36) craft producers were formed based on economic criteria and the participants' self-ratings of success. Profiles of successful and struggling participants revealed differences in their business practices related to planning and management, employment, product development, pricing, marketing, and promotion. Findings suggest that success ful craft entrepreneurs have many behavioral characteristics in common with en trepreneurs who manufacture other products and who operate in settings outside the home.
The impact of an envelope orography on low-frequency variability and blocking in a low-resolution general circulation model

Abstract Sensitivity experiments with a perpetual January version of a low-revolution general circulation model (GCM) are conducted to investigate the influence of different, nonzero specifications of orography on low-frequency variability (LFV) and blocking in the Northern Hemisphere. Two 1200-day integrations are compared to examine the impact of an enhanced “envelope” orography. An ensemble of eight independent 90-day realizations is extracted from each simulation. Distributions of ensemble-mean statistics for the two simulations are presented, along with estimates of the statistical significance of the differences. The use of an envelope orography leads to significant changes in the distribution of the LFV (periods 10–90 days) over the Northern Hemisphere. When the LFV is partitioned into contributions from intramonthly ( 10–30-day periods) and intermonthly (30–90-day periods) fluctuations, it is found that the envelope orography significantly alters the distributions of intramonthly scale variability...
Crystal engineering of the composition of pharmaceutical phases

The carboxylic acid-pyridine supramolecular heterosynthon can be exploited to predictably generate binary crystalline phases involving rac-ibuprofen, rac-flurbiprofen or aspirin.
Otitis media: an update.

Abstract Otitis media in children continues to be a major challenge for health care providers. With the emergence of resistant organisms and the increase in the incidence of otitis media, the management of this disease has become increasingly complex. The pathogenesis of otitis media is diccussed, standardized terminology is presented, and current strategies are described. In addition, suggestions for managing this common illness incorporating the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Guidelines on Otitis Media with Effusion in Young Children are made.
Is James’s Pragmatism Really a New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking?

Pragmatism may be the aspect of William James’s thought for which he is best known; but, at the same time, James’s pragmatism may be among the most misunderstood doctrines of the past century. There are many meanings of word “pragmatism,” even within James’s own corpus. Not a single unified doctrine, pragmatism may be better described as a collection of positions which together form a coherent philosophical system. This paper examines three interrelated uses of the term: (1) pragmatism as a temperament, (2) pragmatism as a philosophical method, and (3) pragmatism as a “humanistic” and “concrete” theory of knowledge and truth. Some critics infer that pragmatist truth is relative or subjective. This paper concludes with a consideration of James’s responses to such critics. Though James maintains truth is something both “made” and “satisfying,” he just as clearly affirms that as it develops, truth is ever constrained by the elements of extramental reality as well as previously vetted truths. This pragmatist truth is not a function of personal caprice, and the pragmatist is certainly not one who denies an objective order or bends the world to his wishes.
COMMENTS ON GEORGE WILLIAMS'S ESSAY ON MORALITY AND NATURE

. Although there is no questioning the heroism of those who “rebel against the selfish replicators” their task seems very nearly insurmountable. I question whether anyone can formulate a broadly acceptable moral system that will not in some respects be constrained by the legacy of generations spent as selfish and kin-selected replicators.
Molded Rigid Monolithic Porous Polymers: An Inexpensive, Efficient, and Versatile Alternative to Beads for the Design of Materials for Numerous Applications

A simple molding process carried out within the confines of a closed mold has been used for the preparation of porous polymer monoliths. The polymerization is carried out using a mixture of monomers, porogenic solvent, and free-radical initiator under conditions that afford macroporous materials with through-pores or channels large enough to provide the high flow characteristics required for their applications. The versatility of the preparation technique is demonstrated by its use with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers such as styrene, (chloromethyl)styrene, glycidyl methacrylate, alkyl methacrylates, 2-(acrylamido)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, acrylic acid, and acrylamide. Techniques have been developed that allow fine control of the porous properties of the polymers. These, in turn, determine the hydrodynamic properties of the devices that contain the molded media. Since all of the mobile phase must flow through the monolith, the mass transport within the molded material is accelerated cons...
Reduced limb length and worsened osteoarthritis in adult mice after genetic inhibition of p38 MAP kinase activity in cartilage.

Objective MAP kinase p38 is part of an intracellular signaling pathway activated by environmental stress and inflammatory factors. Since in vitro studies show that inhibiting p38 activity leads to a reduction in the release of degenerative metalloproteinase from chondrocytes, we speculated that inactivation of p38 in vivo may be chondroprotective. To test this hypothesis, we examined the morphology of adult mice that express a dominant-negative (DN) p38 MAPK transgene in a cartilage-specific manner. Methods The in vivo effects of the genetic inhibition of p38 MAPK activity in cartilage were investigated in 1-year-old heterozygous DN p38–transgenic mice (n = 10) using morphologic measurements, microfocal computed tomography scanning, biomechanical testing, and histologic analysis. Results were compared with those in wild-type (WT) littermates (n = 9). Results Adult DN p38 MAPK+/−–transgenic mice exhibited 50% p38 MAPK activity in articular chondrocytes as compared with WT mice. They were significantly shorter in overall body length as well as in the femur and tibia lengths. There were no differences in bone material or mechanical properties between the transgenic and WT mice. Surprisingly, the transgenic mice had higher grades of osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Conclusion Genetic inhibition of p38 MAPK activity in cartilage results in shortened limb length and defects in the articular cartilage of the knee joints of adult mice. Our findings demonstrate that chronic life-long reduction of p38 MAPK activity may be harmful to joint health and suggest that the timing of p38 inhibition for chondroprotection in vivo is an important variable that warrants further investigation.
Winter Harvest of Bluegills in 1976‐1977 from Lake Onalaska, Wisconsin

Abstract A winter creel census of bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) conducted on Pool 7 (Lake Onalaska, Wisconsin) on the Upper Mississippi River in 1976-1977 used a half-day sampling schedule and car counts to estimate angler numbers. The calculated harvest was based on these counts plus data from interviews with 3,429 anglers. The total estimated harvest for the 17-week fishery (22 November-18 March) was 233,061 bluegills taken by 25,402 anglers during 96,519 hours of fishing (2.41 fish per hour). Of the bluegills harvested, 52% were taken during the first 5 weeks of the fishing season. Average length and weight of bluegills harvested was 178 mm and 136 g, respectively; total estimated weight of the catch was 31,696 kg.
Genomic and Genetic Definition of a Functional Human Centromere

The definition of centromeres of human chromosomes requires a complete genomic understanding of these regions. Toward this end, we report integration of physical mapping, genetic, and functional approaches, together with sequencing of selected regions, to define the centromere of the human X chromosome and to explore the evolution of sequences responsible for chromosome segregation. The transitional region between expressed sequences on the short arm of the X and the chromosome-specific alpha satellite array DXZ1 spans about 450 kilobases and is satellite-rich. At the junction between this satellite region and canonical DXZ1 repeats, diverged repeat units provide direct evidence of unequal crossover as the homogenizing force of these arrays. Results from deletion analysis of mitotically stable chromosome rearrangements and from a human artificial chromosome assay demonstrate that DXZ1 DNA is sufficient for centromere function. Evolutionary studies indicate that, while alpha satellite DNA present throughout the pericentromeric region of the X chromosome appears to be a descendant of an ancestral primate centromere, the current functional centromere based on DXZ1 sequences is the product of the much more recent concerted evolution of this satellite DNA.
Arvicoline Rodent Fauna from the Room 2 Excavation in Cathedral Cave, White Pine County, Nevada, and Its Biochronologic Significance

ABSTRACT Test-pit excavations from 1989 in Room 2 of Cathedral Cave yielded a diverse faunal assemblage, but age estimates derived from radioisotopic dates and bio chronological assessment were widely disparate. New excavations were undertaken in 2003 to increase faunal samples and clarify chronological resolution. Arvicoline rodents recovered from the 2003 excavation include Allophaiomys pliocaenicus, Microtus meadensis, M. paroperarius, Microtus sp., Mictomys meltoni or M. kansasensis, 4- and 5-triangle morphotypes of Lemmiscus curtatus, Ondatra zibethicus, and representatives of both ancient and recent lineages of Phenacomys. A maximum age for the fauna falls between 146.02 ± 2.584 and 153.7 ± 6.4 ka, as determined through uranium-series analyses of flowstones collected near the base of the excavation. Paleomagnetic analyses, and morphological data from recovered Ondatra, are consistent with that age interpretation. Cathedral Cave contains the youngest known Irvingtonian fauna, including the youngest r...
Taking the Father's place: Neo-Bovarism and female sexuality in Hélia Correia's O Número dos Vivos

What remains the most completely prohibited to woman, of course, is that she should express something of her own sexual pleasure. This latter is supposed to remain a ‘realm’ of discourse, produced ...
Low level lead inhibits the human brain cation pump.

Abstract The impact of low level lead exposure on human central nervous system function is a major public health concern. This study addresses the inhibition of the cation pump enzyme Na,K-ATPase by low level lead. Human brain tissue was obtained at autopsy and frozen until use. Brain homogenates were preincubated with PbCl2 for 20 min at 0° C. Inhibition of K-paranitrophenylphosphatase (pNPPase), a measure of the dephosphorylation step of Na,K-ATPase, reached steady state within 10 min. K-pNPPase activity, expressed (mean ± SEM) as a percentage of control (45.2±2.7 nmol/mg/min), fell to 96.3±0.9%at 0.25 uM [PbCl2] to 82.0±1.6% at 2.5 uM [PbCl2] in homogenates prepared from normal brain. Similar results were obtained with homogenates prepared from brains of patients with a history of alcohol abuse and of those with other miscellaneous conditions. Since the mean blood level of lead in the United States has ranged recently from 9.2 to 16.0 ug/dl (0.44 to 0.77 uM), these results indicate that current in vivo levels of lead exposure may impair important human brain function.
Diagnosing obstructive respiratory diseases using exhaled aerosol fingerprints: A feasibility study

Abstract In this study, the feasibility of breath tests with inert tracer aerosols has been assessed to diagnose obstructive respiratory diseases. The hypothesis is that each airway structure has a signature exhaled aerosol pattern (aerosol fingerprint), which can be used to detect and localize airway structure modifications due to the diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of exhaled aerosol patterns to geometrical variations in four mouth–lung models with computational modeling. Specifically, one benign and three malign conditions were considered, which include a tracheal carina tumor, a bronchial tumor, and asthma. Aerosols ranging from 0.4 μm to 10 μm were simulated to be inhaled under normal breathing conditions and then exhaled, with exhaled distributions being recorded at the mouth of the computational model. Large eddy simulations coupled with a well-tested Lagrangian tracking model were used to simulate the respiratory airflow and aerosol dynamics. Apparent discrepancies in exhaled aerosol distributions were observed among the four models. Each structure abnormality gave a unique aerosol pattern that was clearly suggestive of the disease location and extent. For any given disease, this pattern persists for different particle sizes considered. Results of this study show that aerosol-fingerprint based breath tests are sensitive and robust enough to be a practical tool for diagnosis of specific lung diseases, and can disclose clues about the site and severity of the disease. Personalized delivery protocol can be devised that precisely targets medications at the disease site with severity-relevant dosage.
Fission track study of uranium in two granites of central texas

The four primary modes of microscopic occurrence of uranium in the Katemcy and Streeter granites of central Texas as revealed by fission track “mapping” are: 1) in accessory minerals; 2) along grain boundaries; 3) in microfractures; and 4) in quartz and feldspars. Most of the uranium occuring in the first three modes, accounting for more than three-fourths of the total, appears to be readily mobilized during weathering.
Promoting Shifts in Preservice Science Teachers' Thinking through Teaching and Action Research in Informal Science Settings

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of an integrated experiential learning and action research project on preservice science teachers’ developing ideas about science teaching, learning, and action research itself. The qualitative, interpretive study examined the action research of 10 master’s degree students who were involved in service learning with children in informal education settings. Results indicated that all of the participants enhanced their knowledge of children as diverse learners and the importance of prior knowledge in science learning. In-depth case studies for three of the participants indicated that two developed deeper understandings of science learners and learning. However, one participant was resistant to learning and gained more limited understandings.
Expression of a Constitutive Mutant of Iron Regulatory Protein 1 Abolishes Iron Homeostasis in Mammalian Cells

Iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) are iron-sensing proteins that bind to RNA stem-loop sequences known as iron-responsive elements (IREs) when cells are depleted of iron. Although IRPs have been shown to bind to IREs derived from ferritin and transferrin receptor (TfR) mRNAs in vitro, there has not been a direct demonstration of the impact of a recombinant IRP on the expression of endogenous IRE-containing transcripts. In this study, we evaluate the impact of expression of C437S, a mutant of IRP1 that binds IREs regardless of cellular iron status, on the regulation of biosynthesis of ferritin and TfR. Despite being made iron-replete, cells expressing C437S continue to synthesize and express high amounts of TfR, while the synthesis of ferritin is repressed. Thus, a single mutant IRP can prevent the usual homeostatic changes in ferritin and TfR biosynthesis. Cells expressing the mutant protein would therefore be predicted to be unable to defend against iron overload. Preliminary results show that cells treated with iron have diminished cell survival when C437S is expressed, and we have thus created a tissue culture model system for the study of iron toxicity.
Electrodermal responses to movie stressors: Nicotine × extraversion interactions

Abstract Support was found for Eysenck's hypothesis that the effects of smoking sized doses of nicotine on cortical and electrodermal activity are functions of extraversion and the degree of externally-induced arousal. Responses to scenes that elicited moderate electrodermal and emotional responses followed the predicted extraversion ☆ nicotine interaction for electrodermal measures, but not for self-reported emotions, heart rate or electromyographic measures. The failure of the Ss to demonstrate an extraversion ☆ nicotine interaction when high-intensity stimuli were used (Gilbert and Hagen, 1980) is also interpreted as consistent with Eysenck's hypothesis.
A Bilateral Analog FET Optocoupler

Recently, optoelectronic switches for low-level applications were described by Bussolati (1) and Brown (2). The optoelectronic switch proposed in Bussolati's paper consists of two phototransistors (PT) connected back-to-back with separate infrared emitting diodes (IRED's). Although by varying the ratio of the currents in the IRED's the offset voltage of the switch can then be zeroed, it is not a very practical device to use. An excellent performance, but technically complex and relatively costly hybrid to perform the same circuit function is detailed in Brown's paper. It is the purpose of this paper to present a new device called an optically-coupled bilateral analog FET, which is an economically advantageous design with technical trade-offs compared to the previous devices. This new device features a monolithic detector, coupled to an IRED, and is newly available in sample quantities. It provides the function of an ideal bilateral analog FET with isolated current control of the output conductance. This provides the advantage of optical isolation to the analog electronic functions of a linear, electronically variable, resistor (from 20 ohms to hundreds of megohms) and a fast bilateral ac low-level signal switch. The IRED and the detector are enclosed in a 6-pin DIP, although other configurations are possible. The structure and characteristics of this device are described in this paper. Possible applications, as well as limitations, are thoroughly analyzed.