cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The development of hippocampal and dorsolateral pallial regions of the cerebral hemisphere in fetal rabbits. VI. Ninety millimeter stage, cortical differentiation

The structure of the cerebral hemisphere of 90 mm rabbit embryos was studied with aniline and Golgi stains and a comparison of cortical plate morphology was made with earlier stages. Neuronal differentiation was inferred to be a continuous process since cells forming the base of the cortical plate gradually increase in size from 29 mm through 90 mm stages. However, differentiation also appeared to be most rapid among cells situated near the marginal lamina. Analysis of the development of large pyramids of layer V in the pallial region provided the most convincing proof for this conclusion. This mode of cortical development suggests the possibility that embryonic synapses are estabilished sequentially along the apical dendrites of pyramidal cells as the cortical plate grows through the addition of new cells. This process is postulated to occur in a “critical zone” at the boundary of the marginal lamina with the cortical plate. The development of interneuronal neuropile in the lower part of the cortical plate of 90 mm embryos seems to be correlated not only with the growth of basal dendrites and axon collaterals, but also with the simultaneous appearance of true astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.
Mass Education, Privatisation, Compensation and Diversification: Issues on the future of public education in Mexico

The corrosion of public education in Mexico by institutional rigidities and decades of underfunding have placed the system in severe crisis. The rich have opted out and the poor are dropping out of...
Two-dimensional implicit radiation hydrodynamics

Abstract The equations describing a radiating gaseous medium are formulated in cylindrical geometry. These equations are the equations of hydrodynamics, the equation of radiative transfer, and the thermal equilibrium equation. A method for solving these that combines the work of Harlow and Amsden [1] and that of Fleck and Cummings [2] is presented. The radiation hydrodynamics of a hot bubble imbedded in cold air is used as a test problem. The bubble first cools by a radiative wave until its central temperature is about 1800 °K at 200 msec and then cools by means of hydrodynamic distortion. The bubble rises from its initial position in the atmosphere and forms into a torus that eventually thermalizes with the ambient air.
Invited Paper Signal Processing For Optical Fiber Sensors

Presently there is considerable research interest in the development of all-fiber multi-sensor networks for use in arrays, and applications where a large number of different measurands are of interest (i.e., process control). A number of optical and opto-electronic multiplexing schemes have been developed for use with such networks in recent years. This paper will review this area of OFS technology and discuss some recent development in the multiplexing of interferometric sensors.
Exclusion Constraints Facilitate Statistical Word Learning

The roles of linguistic, cognitive, and social-pragmatic processes in word learning are well established. If statistical mechanisms also contribute to word learning, they must interact with these processes; however, there exists little evidence for such mechanistic synergy. Adults use co-occurrence statistics to encode speech-object pairings with detailed sensitivity in stochastic learning environments (Vouloumanos, 2008). Here, we replicate this statistical work with nonspeech sounds and compare the results with the previous speech studies to examine whether exclusion constraints contribute equally to the statistical learning of speech-object and nonspeech-object associations. In environments in which performance could benefit from exclusion, we find a learning advantage for speech over nonspeech, revealing an interaction between statistical and exclusion processes in associative word learning.
The Ethics of Sports Coaching

A. Hardman and C. Jones (eds.), London: Routledge, 2011, pp. 215. (pbk) ISBN 978-0-415-55775-7 For those seeking resources on sports coaching, there is no shortage of available possibilities. One m...
Energetics of Fluoroalkene Double Bond Isomerizations

The effects of perfluorination of cyclic and acyclic alkenes have been examined. Quantum mechanical calculations and experimental data show that vicinally substituted acyclic alkenes are strongly destabilized by fluorination. Quite surprisingly, the destabilization is much smaller for cyclic analogs. This difference has dramatic consequences for the relative stabilities of double bond isomers in cyclic and acyclic systems, including keto−enol systems. The reasons for the contrast are discussed in detail.
INCIDENCE OF RENAL FAILURE REQUIRING HEMODIALYSIS FOLLOWING TRANSCATHETER AORITC VALVE IMPLANTATION USING EDWARDS VALVE FOR SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS: A META-ANALYSIS OF TRANSFEMORAL VERSUS TRANSAPICAL APPROACH

Studies have shown that transfemoral approach for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TF-TAVI) requires more contrast compared to transapical (TA-TAVI) approach during the procedure. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to compare the amount of contrast used and incidence of renal failure
Reduction of pyridine nucleotides by succinate in tissue slices of lima bean hypocotyl

Abstract Reversed electron transport in tissue slices of lima bean hypocotyl was studied by fluorometry. The fluorescence emission spectrum at 450 nm, after excitation at 350 nm, is presumed to be due to bound NADH. Succinate (5 mM at pH 7·5) increased fluorescence of the tissue slice about 30 per cent. A further 25 per cent increase in fluorescence of the tissue slice was obtained on addition of a solution of 5 mM succinate and 1·5 mM ATP. The increase in fluorescence of the tissue slice usually observed upon addition of succinate, was blocked by 5 × 10 −8 M rotenone, when rotenone was pre-incubated with the tissue slice prior to treatment with succinate. A solution of 6 × 10 −5 M 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and 5 mM succinate did not increase fluorescence of the tissue slice. These data are taken as evidence for reversed electron transport in bean hypocotyl tissue.
The Significance of Monoamine Oxidase-A Expression in High Grade Prostate Cancer

Purpose: Gleason grade 4/5 prostate cancer is a determinant for recurrence following radical prostatectomy. Monoamine oxidase-A is over expressed in grade 4/5 compared to grade 3 cancer. Monoamine oxidase-A is also expressed by normal basal cells and in vitro studies suggest that its function is to repress secretory differentiation. Therefore, monoamine oxidase-A in grade 4/5 cancer might reflect dedifferentiation to a basal cell-like phenotype. We investigated whether monoamine oxidase-A expression correlates with another basal cell protein, CD44, in high grade cancer and whether either is associated with an aggressive phenotype.Materials and Methods: A total of 133 grade 4/5 archival cancers from a cohort previously used to evaluate the prognostic significance of histomorphological variables were scored for monoamine oxidase-A and CD44 immunohistochemical labeling. Spearman rank correlations of the proteins, and histomorphological and clinical variables were determined. The univariate and multivariate v...
A SIMPLE HEURISTIC FOR MINIMUM CONNECTED DOMINATING SET IN GRAPHS

Let α2(G), γ(G) and γc(G) be the 2-independence number, the domination number, and the connected domination number of a graph G respectively. Then α2(G) ≤ γ (G) ≤ γc(G). In this paper , we present a simple heuristic for Minimum Connected Dominating Set in graphs. When running on a graph G excluding Km (the complete graph of order m) as a minor, the heuristic produces a connected dominating set of cardinality at most 7α2(G) - 4 if m = 3, or at most if m ≥ 4. In particular, if running on a planar graph G, the heuristic outputs a connected dominating set of cardinality at most 15α2(G) - 5.
Structural Studies on 4,5‐Disubstituted 2‐Aminoimidazole‐Based Biofilm Modulators that Suppress Bacterial Resistance to β‐Lactams

A library of 4,5-disubstituted 2-aminoimidazole triazole amide (2-AITA) conjugates has been successfully assembled. Upon biological screening, this class of small molecules was discovered as enhanced biofilm regulators through non-microbicidal mechanisms against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB), with active concentrations in the low micromolar range. The library was also subjected to synergism and resensitization studies with β-lactam antibiotics against MRSA. Lead compounds were identified that suppress the antibiotic resistance of MRSA by working synergistically with oxacillin, a β-lactam antibiotic resistant to penicillinase. A further structure-activity relationship (SAR) study on the parent 2-AITA compound delivered a 2-aminoimidazole diamide (2-AIDA) conjugate with significantly increased synergistic activity with oxacillin against MRSA, decreasing the MIC value of the β-lactam antibiotic by 64-fold. Increased anti-biofilm activity did not necessarily lead to increased suppression of antibiotic resistance, which indicates that biofilm inhibition and resensitization are most likely occurring via distinct mechanisms.
Alterations in corticostriatal synaptic plasticity in mice overexpressing human α-synuclein

Abstract Most forms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are sporadic in nature, but some have genetic causes as first described for the α-synuclein gene. The α-synuclein protein also accumulates as insoluble aggregates in Lewy bodies in sporadic PD as well as in most inherited forms of PD. The focus of the present study is the modulation of synaptic plasticity in the corticostriatal pathway of transgenic (Tg) mice that overexpress the human α-synuclein protein throughout the brain (ASOTg). Paired-pulse facilitation was detected in vitro by activation of corticostriatal afferents in ASOTg mice, consistent with a presynaptic effect of elevated human α-synuclein. However basal synaptic transmission was unchanged in ASOTg, suggesting that human α-synuclein could impact paired-pulse facilitation via a presynaptic mechanism not directly related to the probability of neurotransmitter release. Mice lacking α-synuclein or those expressing normal and A53T human α-synuclein in tyrosine hydroxylase-containing neurons showed, instead, paired-pulse depression. High-frequency stimulation induced a presynaptic form of long-term depression solely in ASOTg striatum. A presynaptic, N-methyl- d -aspartate receptor-independent form of chemical long-term potentiation induced by forskolin (FSK) was enhanced in ASOTg striatum, while FSK-induced cAMP levels were reduced in ASOTg synaptoneurosome fractions. Overall the results suggest that elevated human α-synuclein alters presynaptic plasticity in the corticostriatal pathway, possibly reflecting a reduction in glutamate at corticostriatal synapses by modulation of adenylyl cyclase signaling pathways. ASOTg mice may recapitulate an early stage in PD during which overexpressed α-synuclein dampens corticostriatal synaptic transmission and reduces movement.
Objective Measures Relating Cervical Dysfunction to Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Effects

The majority of musculoskeletal (MSD) impairments in the cervical (neck) region cannot be determined through MRIs or radiographs but are instead diagnosed through a clinical assessment technique using palpation. Palpatory diagnostic techniques are based on range of motion (ROM), tissue textures, quality of motion (smooth, elastic or bone on bone) and symmetry [1]. However, because scientifically accepted objective measures are not yet available to complement a clinical diagnosis, the documentation of the impairment as well as effects of treatment can be challenging. Thus, the purpose of this research was to explore the use of three-dimensional kinematics as a potential tool for relating movement patterns of the head/neck to clinical diagnosis and documenting treatment effects.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Imaging atom-probe analysis of a vitreous ice interface

Abstract The imaging atom-probe (IAP) mass spectrometer has been used to examine the interface between a metal surface and aqueous solutions of potassium chloride. The interface is preserved for IAP analysis by rapidly freezing a thin layer of the aqueous solution on the apex of a field-emitter tip. Cooling rates in excess of 10 6 K/s can be achieved by plunging the liquid-coated tip into liquid propane in an inert argon atmosphere. A novel anode assembly allows the frozen interface to be transferred into the IAP without contamination and maintained at 80 K until field-desorption exposes the interface for analysis. The desorption process occurs at a field strength of ~ 10 V/nm, and removes the entire layer of ice from the tip apex as though it were an insulating film. Spatially resolved images of H 2 O + and K + (the dominant ions resulting from the desorption process) show no order on a nanometer scale. Desorption images suggest that the frozen layer exists on the tip surface in the vitreous state. No evidence for hexagonal epitaxy of the liquid layer prior to the freezing event has been observed on tungsten or gold surfaces.
Injection Drug Users’ Perspectives on Placing HIV Prevention and Other Clinical Services in Pharmacy Settings

In their role as a source of sterile syringes, pharmacies are ideally situated to provide additional services to injection drug users (IDUs). Expanding pharmacy services to IDUs may address the low utilization rates of healthcare services among this population. This qualitative study of active IDUs in San Francisco explored perspectives on proposed health services and interventions offered in pharmacy settings, as well as facilitators and barriers to service delivery. Eleven active IDUs participated in one-on-one semistructured interviews at a community field site and at a local syringe exchange site between February and May 2010. Results revealed that most had reservations about expanding services to pharmacy settings, with reasons ranging from concerns about anonymity to feeling that San Francisco already offers the proposed services in other venues. Of the proposed health services, this group of IDUs prioritized syringe access and disposal, clinical testing and vaccinations, and provision of methadone. Pharmacists’ and pharmacy staff’s attitudes were identified as a major barrier to IDUs’ comfort with accessing services. The findings suggest that although IDUs would like to see some additional services offered within pharmacy settings, this is contingent upon pharmacists and their staff receiving professional development trainings that cultivate sensitivity towards the needs and experiences of IDUs.
WELLNESS AS VIRTUE: MORALITY AND THE PURSUIT OF HEALTH

The interest and participation in health promotion and wellness activities has expanded greatly in the past two decades. The “wellness revolution”, especially in terms of diet and exercise, has been affected by both scientific findings and cultural changes. The paper examines how a particular aspect of culture, the moral meanings of health-promoting activities, contribute to the pursuit of wellness. Based on interviews with 54 self-identified wellness participants at a major university, we examine how health can be a moral discourse and the body a site for moral action. The paper suggests that wellness seekers engage in a profoundly moral discourse around health promotion, constructing a moral world of goods, bads and shoulds. Although there are some gender differences in particular wellness goals, engaging in wellness activities, independent of results, becomes seen as a good in itself. Thus, even apart from any health outcomes, the pursuit of virtue and a moral lifeis fundamentally an aspect of the pursuit of wellness.
Airborne CO(2) coherent lidar for measurements of atmospheric aerosol and cloud backscatter.

An airborne CO2 coherent lidar has been developed and flown on over 30 flights of the NASA DC-8 research aircraft to obtain aerosol and cloud backscatter and extinction data at a wavelength near 9 μm. Designed to operate in either zenith- or nadir-directed modes, the lidar can be used to measure vertical profiles of backscatter throughout the vertical extent of the troposphere and the lower stratosphere. Backscatter measurements in absolute units are obtained through a hard-target calibration methodology. The use of coherent detection results in high sensitivity and narrow field of view, the latter property greatly reducing multiple-scattering effects. Aerosol backscatter profile intercomparisons with other airborne and ground-based CO2 lidars were conducted during instrument checkout flights over the NASA Ames Research Center before extended depolyment over the Pacific Ocean. Selected results from data taken during the flights over the Pacific Ocean are presented, emphasizing intercomparisons with backscatter profile data obtained at 1.06 μm with a NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Nd:YAG lidar on the same flights.
Thermal oxidation and molding feasibility of cycloolefin copolymers (COCs) with high glass transition temperature

Cycloolefin copolymers (COCs) with high glass transition temperature (Tg = 203 °C) have been synthesized and pelletized by extrusion molding. However, their colors change from transparent to yellow during extrusion molding because of thermal oxidation and generation of alkene groups. We have successfully blended several antioxidants (Irganox 1010, Irgafos 168, Irganox HP2225 and Irganox HP2921) into lab-made COCs to avoid the discoloration. The experimental results show that Irganox HP2921 is the best antioxidant among the antioxidants used and can effectively not only suppress thermal oxidation but also eliminate the color stain.
Mineralocorticoid–stimulated renal acidification: The critical role of dietary sodium

Mineralocorticoid–stimulated renal acidification: The critical role of dietary sodium. Recent in vitro studies of isolated distal nephron segments have demonstrated that 1) mineralocorticoid hormone stimulates H + secretion by both Na + -dependent and Na + -independent mechanisms, and 2) the Na + -independent acidification mechanism has a greater capacity. These in vitro data suggest that mineralocorticoid administration in vivo might increase renal acid excretion when an augmentation in distal Na + reabsorption is precluded by rigid restriction of dietary Na + ; under these circumstances, virtually all Na + delivered to the distal nephron is reabsorbed in the basal state. In the present studies, prolonged (12 days) administration of DOC (15 mg/day) was undertaken in both Na + -fed and rigidly Na + -restricted dogs with chronic HCl acidosis. Na + -fed animals responded to DOC administration with a large increment in net acid excretion and complete correction of metabolic acidosis. Marked hypokalemia and significant kaliuresis also occurred. Na + -restricted dogs experienced no changes in renal acid excretion, systemic acid–base equilibrium, plasma [K + ] or K + balance. These results suggest that both renal H + and K + excretory responses to prolonged mineralocorticoid hormone administration in vivo are critically dependent on the availability for reabsorption of surplus Na + within the distal nephron; this requirement is met when the diet, and hence the final urine, contains Na + but cannot be satisfied when dietary Na + is rigidly restricted.
Sex differences in finger temperature response to music.

Abstract A finding of significant sex differences in finger temperature responses to stimuli would have implications for a variety of situations in which finger temperature changes in combination with other psychophysiological measures are employed as indicators of psychological and/or physiological states. In the present study, each subject listened to one of two distinct musical selections for 3-minutes and 40-seconds after being allowed to adapt for one of five durations ranging from 4 to 20 minutes. Female's finger temperatures decreased more or increased less than did males' finger temperatures. This finding held no matter which music was played and was true for all but the shortest adaptation duration. Control data indicated that the sex difference would not have occurred in the absence of the music, and thus the results suggest that females' finger temperatures decrease more than males' only when stimulation occurs. Possible causes of the sex difference are discussed as well as possible implications for studies in which finger temperature is employed as a dependent variable.
Thermal decomposition of rhodopsin, photoregenerated rhodopsin and P470.

Abstract The thermal stabilities of rhodopsin and photoregenerated rhodopsin in the temperature range 40–60°C are determined and found to be the same. The thermal decomposition of P470, produced by photolysis of metarhodopsin II, is measured in the temperature range 23–40°C. The rates of decomposition of P470 are compared with those observed (by other workers) for metarhodopsin II. All rates are found to be first-order. Arrhenuis activation energies are given for all pigments studied.
Influence of Coordination Geometry upon Copper(II/I) Redox Potentials. Physical Parameters for Twelve Copper Tripodal Ligand Complexes

Twelve related tripodal ligands have been synthesized in which the three legs linked to a bridgehead nitrogen are 2-methyl- or 2-ethylthioethyl and/or 2-pyridylethyl or -methyl. Utilization of both terminal methyl and ethyl groups on the thiaether legs was designed to determine whether slight differences in solvation or steric effects might cause detectable changes in properties. Inclusion of both methyl and ethyl linkages of the pyridines to the bridgehead nitrogen provides a comparison of the effect of five- versus six-membered chelate rings, respectively. For each of the tripodal ligands included in this work, the protonation constants and Cu(II) complex stability constants were carefully determined in aqueous solution at 25 °C, μ = 0.10 M (ClO4-). The CuII/IL redox potentials were also determined using slow-scan cyclic voltammetry, thereby permitting the stability of the Cu(I) complexes to be calculated. The stability constants for the twelve Cu(II) complexes range from 106 to 1017, increasing by 104−...
Comparison of the automated Phoenix with the Vitek 2 for the identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Rapid and accurate identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae is a critical component in the optimal management of infected patients. The performance of the BD Phoenix Automated Microbiology System (BD Diagnostic Systems, Sparks, Md.) was evaluated for identification of S. pneumoniae (n = 311) and was compared to the Vitek 2 (bioMerieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France). Strains with discordant identification between methods were resolved with 16S rRNA gene sequencing as the gold standard. The Phoenix and the Vitek 2 correctly identified 96.8% (n = 301) and 95.2% (n = 296) of S. pneumoniae strains, respectively. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in the performance of the 2 automated systems for the identification of S. pneumoniae in this study. The Vitek 2 mean time-to-results for all streptococcal identification was 1.5 h faster than that for the Phoenix. We conclude that the automated Phoenix and the Vitek 2 systems are comparable in their ability to identify S. pneumoniae and are preferable to the use of routine biochemical assays, which have delayed time-to-results and are not dependably accurate.
Fragmented QRS complex and late gadolinium enhancement characterization of unrecognized myocardial scar provided complementary prognosis of cardiac death in patients with suspected coronary artery disease

Introduction Fragmentation of the QRS complex (FQRS) on the resting electrocardiogram has been shown to be associated with post-infarct arrhythmogenesis and increased incidence of hard cardiac events. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging can detect subendocardial unrecognized myocardial infarction which has been shown to indicate high risk for cardiac death.
Chinese devils, the global market, and the declining power of Togo's Nana-Benzes

This article examines the shifting representations of and discourses produced about Chinese salesmen and their collaborators in the small West African nation of Togo. It suggests that in this context representations of China’s so-called New Scramble for Africa are troublesome, namely because they tend to silence the role of Togolese women traders as producers and as central historical and economic subjects in the making of a postcolonial commodity chain for printed African textiles. In so doing the article questions standard economic theories of global market forces, debunks stereotypes regarding the Chinese advance in West African markets, and challenges assumptions about the vulnerability of African societies.
Yeast sulfate-reducing system III. An intermediate in the reduction of 3′-phosphoryl-5′-adenosinephosphosulfate to sulfite

Abstract Previous research on the mechanism of reduction of sulfate to sulfite did not establish whether the resultant sulfite is a free anion or a bound intermediate. In the present work, it has been found that the reaction product formed from 3′-phosphoryl-5′-adenosinephospho[ 35 S]sulfate and an hydrogen donor by a yeast sulfate reductase enzyme system is a bound intermediate that is non-dialyzable and of low electrophoretic mobility. This “bound sulfite” will liberate inorganic [ 35 S]sulfite to a disulfide acceptor to form an S -sulfonyl derivative. Partially purified “bound sulfite” will yield sulfite and sulfide in the presence of NADPH and a yeast enzyme system indicating that it is an intermediate in the enzymatic reduction of sulfate to sulfide. Methods for the partial purification of this intermediate and studies on its stability are described.
Impairment of thermoregulation, food and water intakes in the rat after hypothalamic injections of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine.

Abstract A bilateral microinjection into the anterior hypothalamus of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT), a substance that lesions serotonin (5-HT)-containing neurons, caused a rise in the body temperature of the rat. The anatomical sites were the same as those at which 5-HT given in the same dose range (1.25–2.5 μg) evoked a similar hyperthermia. When exposed for one hour to a temperature of either 35°C or 8°C, the rats were not able to defend against the heat or cold, respectively. The magnitude of this thermoregulatory deficit depended upon the dose of 5,6-DHT given as well as the site of injection. A partial recovery from the warmth deficit was evident 13–17 days following the 5,6-DHT microinjection. Food and water intakes were also suppressed significantly and body weights declined concomitantly. These results provide additional evidence to support the view that a serotonergic mechanism in the hypothalamus is involved in both thermoregulation and the control of ingestive behavior.
Effect of medical and surgical treatment of Barrett's metaplasia.

Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a change in the esophageal mucosa as a result of long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease. The importance of BE is that it is the main risk factor for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma, whose incidence is currently growing faster than any other cancer in the Western world. The aim of this review was to compare the common treatment modalities of BE, with the focus on proton pump inhibitors and operative fundoplication. We performed a literature search on medical and surgical treatment of BE to determine eligible studies for this review. Studies on medical and surgical treatment of BE are discussed with regard to treatment effect on progression and regression of disease. Although there is some evidence for control of reflux with either medical or surgical therapy, there is no definitive evidence that either treatment modality decreases the risk of progression to dysplasia or cancer. Even though there is a trend toward antireflux surgery being superior, there are no definitive studies to prove this.
Warping indexes with envelope transforms for query by humming

A Query by Humming system allows the user to find a song by humming part of the tune. No musical training is needed. Previous query by humming systems have not provided satisfactory results for various reasons. Some systems have low retrieval precision because they rely on melodic contour information from the hum tune, which in turn relies on the error-prone note segmentation process. Some systems yield better precision when matching the melody directly from audio, but they are slow because of their extensive use of Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). Our approach improves both the retrieval precision and speed compared to previous approaches. We treat music as a time series and exploit and improve well-developed techniques from time series databases to index the music for fast similarity queries. We improve on existing DTW indexes technique by introducing the concept of envelope transforms, which gives a general guideline for extending existing dimensionality reduction methods to DTW indexes. The net result is high scalability. We confirm our claims through extensive experiments.
Inverse design for phase mask lithography

We have developed a method for designing the diffractive optics used in phase mask lithography. Genetic algorithms were used to inverse-design a grating’s relief profile and associated exposure conditions so that desired periodic structures are formed. An experimentally promising grating designed to produce helices is demonstrated.
Migration expectancy revisited: results for the 1970s 1980s and 1990s.

Planners in a variety of situations require an improved understanding of migration trends if services and products that adequately meet constituent needs are to be provided. This note focuses on changes in migration expectancy over three decades in the context of the planning function. Using the CPS one-year migration question for the periods 1975–1976, 1980–1981, and 1987–1991, and the work of Wilber (1963) and Long (1973) as historical benchmarks, migration expectancy is found to have fallen since the earlier studies. Longer-distance migration (between counties and between states) has remained relatively constant over the same period so that these types of moves now account for a larger proportion of total residential mobility. The results are discussed in the context of their value to individuals and organizations who seek a better understanding of demographically-driven demand from services and products.
Monoacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase specificity in bovine mammary microsomes.

The acyl-CoA∶:acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferases located in the microsomal fraction of lactating bovine mammary tissue show a preference for palmityl-CoA particularly above the apparent Km values of the acyl acceptors. Using saturating levels of monopalmityl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, the order of acylation was palmityl->myristyl-> oleyl->stearyl->linoleyl-CoA. Apparent Km values for monopalmityl- and monooleyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate with palmityl-CoA as donor were 16 and 13μM, respectively, while the Km values for palmityl-CoA with these two acyl acceptors were 5 and 5.2μM, respectively. The apparent Vmax values for the palmityl acceptor and donor were 25 and 30 nmol/min/mg protein. Phosphatidic acid was the principal product. The inclusion of magnesium in the assay depressed activity while the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetate doubled the rate of acylation.
Regulation of Sprouty2 stability by mammalian Seven‐in‐Absentia homolog 2

Mammalian Sprouty (Spry) gene expression is rapidly induced upon activation of the FGF receptor signaling pathway in multiple cell types including cells of mesenchymal and epithelial origin. Spry2 inhibits FGF-dependent ERK activation and thus Spry acts as a feedback inhibitor of FGF-mediated proliferation. In addition, Spry2 interacts with the ring-finger-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase, c-Cbl, in a manner that is dependent upon phosphorylation of Tyr55 of Spry2. This interaction results in the poly-ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of Spry2 by the proteasome. Here, we describe the identification of another E3 ubiquitin ligase, human Seven-in-Absentia homolog-2 (SIAH2), as a Spry2 interacting protein. We show by yeast two-hybrid analysis that the N-terminal domain of Spry2 and the ring finger domain of SIAH2 mediated this interaction. Co-expression of SIAH2 resulted in proteasomal degradation of Spry1, 2, and to a lesser extent Spry4. The related E3 ubiquitin-ligase, SIAH1, had little effect on Spry2 protein stability when co-expressed. Unlike c-Cbl-mediated degradation of Spry2, SIAH2-mediated degradation was independent of phosphorylation of Spry2 on Tyr55. Spry2 was also phosphorylated on Tyr227, and phosphorylation of this residue was also dispensable for SIAH2-mediated degradation of Spry2. Finally, co-expression of SIAH2 with Spry2 resulted in a rescue of FGF2-mediated ERK phosphorylation. These data suggest a novel mechanism whereby Spry2 stability is regulated in a manner that is independent of tyrosine phosphorylation, and provides an addition level of control of Spry2 protein levels. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 151–160, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Mixture designs for a model linear in the proportions

SUMMARY When the predictor variables of a regression model are the n proportions of a mixture, the experimental region is contained in an (n -l)-dimensional regular simplex. Suppose a model linear in the proportions is to be fitted to observed responses. Designs are considered which minimize the mean squared deviation averaged over the simplex, when the true model is taken to be a quadratic in the proportions.
Small cell ovarian carcinoma: a rare, aggressive tumor masquerading as constipation in a teenager with a fatal outcome.

SUMMARY: A 16-year-old female presented with symptoms consistent with constipation with no constitutional symptoms. Multiple different laxatives were attempted over 4 months and were unsuccessful. This thin female developed an impressively distended, nonacute abdomen within a 2-week period. Histology demonstrated a stage IV small cell carcinoma of the ovary. Her disease initially responded to treatment, but ultimately she relapsed and failed to respond to 2 other chemotherapy combinations, which were based on limited success found in the literature. She ultimately passed away 13 months after the diagnosis, demonstrating the poor prognosis and rapid spread of this rare disease.
The 91Zr(3He, d) reaction to the positive and negative parity low-lying states in 92Nb

Abstract The reaction 91 Zr( 3 He, d) 92 Nb has been studied to re-investigate the level scheme of 92 Nb. In addition to confirming spin assignments for the positive parity levels previously observed in the 93 Nb(p, d) and (d, t) reactions, the negative parity levels are also defined.
Midtrimester abortions induced by intraamniotic prostaglandin F2α treatment

Abstract A group of 10 patients, 16.2±0.5 weeks pregnant, received intraamniotically 10mg followed at 3 hours intervals by 5mg PG F2α. The total dose of 31.5±3.2mg PG F2α successfully induced abortion in 15.1±1.8 hours. Seven patients aborted completely and 3 incompletely. The rapid rise in RP was followed by a gradual increase in IUP and a continuing decrease in estradiol-17β and progesterone after a delay of about 6 hours. The systemic side effects were minimal and the vital signs and laboratory tests revealed no significant changes. The case reports of 4 additional patients are presented, and the mechanism of the abortifacient action of PG F2α is discussed. When further improved, intraamniotic PG F2α therapy may favorably compete with methods currently used for midtrimester legal abortions.
Diabetes mellitus among cancer survivors

Introduction Cancer and cancer treatments are associated with diabetes mellitus in some patients. The purpose of this review is to look at the association and potential impact of diabetes mellitus on the health profiles of a large cohort of cancer survivors.
Atypical presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptor modulation of neurally-mediated cholinergic responses in guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle.

Abstract Cholinergic excitatory nerves in guinea-pig trachea are subject to inhibitory control by presynaptic α 2 -adrenoceptors. Recently, the nature of these receptors has come into question insofar as the presynaptic inhibitory effects of the α 2 -adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, in the guinea-pig trachea have been shown to be antagonized by the α 2 -adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine, as well as the α 1 -adrenoceptor antagonist, prazosin. This inhibitory action of prazosin had not been described previously in the airways and may relate to the use of norepinephrine rather than clonidine as the α-adrenoceptor agonist in earlier studies. The present study evaluates the susceptibility of norepinephrine-induced inhibition of neurally-mediated cholinergic excitatory responses to antagonism by prazosin and yohimbine under conditions identical to those which showed clonidine to be sensitive to these antagonists. In tissues pretreated with guanethidine, propranolol and indomethacin, norepinephrine (1 μ m ) induced a 37-fold rightward shift of the frequency-response curve for neurally-mediated cholinergic contractions which was reversed partially by pretreatment of tissues with yohimbine. Norepinephrine also caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of cholinergic ‘twitch’ responses induced by intermittent (1 Hz) nerve stimulation. This action of norepinephrine was antagonized in a concentration-dependent manner by yohimbine but was unaffected by prazosin. These results indicate that in guinea-pig trachea the presynaptic inhibitory actions of norepinephrine on cholinergic nerves are mediated via classical α 2 -adrenoceptors, i.e. receptors that can be blocked by yohimbine but not by prazosin. This distinguishes the action of norepinephrine from that shown previously for clonidine and provides support for the contention that these agonists do not act on the same population of α 2 -adrenoceptors.
Trust, Performance, and the Communication Process in Ad Hoc Decision‐Making Virtual Teams

This research explores the communication process variables that potentially determine trust and performance quality in ad hoc virtual teams to better inform the choice of communication media for virtual groups engaged in decision-making tasks. Results of a survey indicate that virtual copresence is significantly correlated with intrateam trust and the performance quality that teams achieve. Results also accentuate the prominent role of trust in the virtual collaborative decision-making process; they indicate that trust mediates the relationship between virtual copresence and performance. It is therefore recommended that the efforts related to the design and adoption of communication systems for decision making teams strongly consider that virtual copresence potentially promotes both high levels of trust and high quality performance in virtual teams.
Response to a letter to the editor

Professor Needham tells me that I have misunderstood him, and I am sure he is right that I need to work harder to understand his arguments more fully and more precisely. But he has also misunderstood me, as well—no doubt because I have not expressed myself as carefully as I ought to have done. He writes that I have ‘‘clearly’’ argued that ‘‘the only possibility of representing nineteenth-century chemistry as a theoretical pursuit’’ is based on chemical atomism. I do not believe that. For instance, Lavoisien antiphlogistic theory at the beginning of the century, and chemical thermodynamics and certain aspects of reaction dynamics a few decades later, did not depend on an atomistic view of nature. I do plead guilty to the claim that ‘‘at the heart of the theoretical achievement’’ of nineteenth-century chemistry stood ‘‘atomic and molecular theory’’. But Professor Needham believes that nineteenth-century atomism did not provide chemistry with any explanations. Since I take it that a principal goal of every workable scientific theory is to provide satisfying explanations for a set of phenomena (eliding for the moment what it means to ‘‘explain’’), I have understood Needham to argue that chemical atomism was not a workable theory at that time. In the light of the thesis at the head of this paragraph, Needham’s claim thus has the effect, in my view, of denying most (not all, I concede!) theoretical content in chemistry as it was pursued in the nineteenth century. On the contrary, it is my view that chemical atomism is theory in the fullest sense, and moreover successful theory (in its historical context) at that. That was the principal point I wanted to make. I certainly did not intend to cast aspersions at my colleagues in philosophy; I join him in exhorting a closer alliance of philosophy of chemistry with history of chemistry—a ‘‘joint enterprise from which we all can learn’’, as Professor Needham rightly expresses it. I know that I have more work to do to more fully understand Professor Needham’s position, and to continue to educate myself in the philosophy of chemistry. But his response suggests that,
A Re-Evaluation of the Protein and Lysine Requirement for Broiler Breeder Hens

An experiment was conducted with 32-wk-old Arbor Acres broiler breeder hens to determine their requirement for Lys and protein. Diets were fed with Lys levels ranging from .545 to .380% and with protein levels ranging from 11.46 to 8.90%, respectively. A daily intake of 845 mg of Lys per hen per d was required for maximum egg production, egg mass, and egg content. A daily intake of 18.07 g protein was required with a corn-soybean meal diet containing no supplemental amino acids. However, when Met and Lys were added to the diet, daily protein intakes of 15.53 and 16.37 g supported performance that was not significantly different from performance of hens receiving higher levels of protein.
Semi-blind MIMO-OFDM channel estimation based on ICA and Pilot Carriers

This paper presents a semi-blind channel estimation approach for MIMO-OFDM Systems. The proposed method is a combination of methods based on Independent Component Analysis(ICA) and methods based on Pilot Carriers. Firstly, the Pilot Carriers are used for pre-estimation of the channel, and then the pre-estimated values are exploited as a kind of piroir information in the algorithm of ICA. Secondly, the ordering and scaling of the estimated sources are corrected by the convolutional encoding between data carriers and pilot carriers. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves higher accuracy and significantly better performance camparing with whole-blind source seperation methods.
Free radicals and tissue damage produced by exercise

Summary We report a two- to three-fold increase in free radical (R•) concentrations of muscle and liver following exercise to exhaustion. Exhaustive exercise also resulted in decreased mitochondrial respiratory control, loss of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) integrity, and increased levels of lipid peroxidation products. Free radical concentrations, lipid peroxidation, and SR, ER, and mitochondrial damage were similar in exercise exhausted control animals and non-exercised vitamin E deficient animals, suggesting the possibility of a common R• dependent damage process. In agreement with previous work showing that exercise endurance capacity is largely determined by the functional mitochondrial content of muscle (1–4), vitamin E deficient animals endurance was 40% lower than that of controls. The results suggest that R• induced damage may provide a stimulus to the mitochondrial biogenesis which results from endurance training.
System generated by strip-based projections in discrete tomography

The projection equations in the research of discrete tomography are obtained by either counting the number of points that each line passes or computing the fractional areas of the intersection of each strip and the grid. In this work, a system of linear equations for strip-based projections with rational slopes is obtained. The linear dependency number of these equations is derived.
Boundaries of Power: Politics of Urban Preservation in Two Chicago Neighborhoods

This article examines how the structure of local political representation defines the interest of political actors and affects the outcomes of urban preservation. Although urban preservation is proposed as a strategy of community development in two Chicago neighborhoods (Pilsen and Bronzeville), the outcomes vary significantly. The author argues that the distinct boundaries of aldermanic power play a critical role in shaping the policy process of landmark designation. Aldermanic prerogative gives each alderman veto power over the preservation initiatives in his or her ward. The preservation initiatives within one ward are more likely to receive political support than those across multiple wards. By revealing the mismatch of boundaries between wards and community areas, the study demonstrates the negative impact of political fragmentation on urban preservation.
Intranasal steroids and oral leukotriene modifier therapy in residual sleep-disordered breathing after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in children.

OBJECTIVE.Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A) is the primary therapeutic approach for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children. However, residual mild SDB will be found in more than one third of these patients after T&A. We hypothesized that combined therapy with the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast and intranasal budesonide would result in normalization of residual SDB after T&A. METHODS.During the period of October 2002 to February 2005, children who underwent T&A for SDB underwent a routine postoperative (second) overnight polysomnographic evaluation (PSG) 10 to 14 weeks after T&A surgery. In children with residual apnea hypopnea index (AHI) 1 and 5/hour of total sleep time (TST), treatment with montelukast and intranasal budesonide aqueous solution was administered for a period of 12 weeks (M/B group), at which time a third PSG was performed. Children who had residual SDB and did not receive M/B therapy from their treating physicians were recruited as control subjects. RESULTS.Twenty-two children received M/B, and 14 children served as control subjects. Mean age, gender distribution, ethnicity, and BMI were similar in the 2 treatment groups. The mean AHI at the second PSG was 3.9 1.2/hour of TST and 3.6 1.4/hour of TST in M/B-treated and control patients, respectively. Similar nadir arterial oxygen saturation (87.3 1.2%) and respiratory arousal index (4.6 0.7/hour of TST) were recorded for both groups. However, the M/B group demonstrated significant improvements in AHI (0.3 0.3/hour of TST), in nadir arterial oxygen saturation (92.5 3.0%), and in respiratory arousal index (0.8 0.7/hour of TST) on the third PSG, whereas no significant changes occurred over
Learning to read words: The effects of internet-based software on the improvement of reading performance

Two design experiments were conducted to improve the word recognition performance of students at risk of school failure. In Study 1, an Internet-based software from the TELE-Web project was used to remediate the word recognition performance of 4 students at risk of retention and reading disabilities in first grade. In Study 2, the Internet-based software was used with an entire classroom of first-grade students in an effort to prevent reading difficulties and to accelerate reading performance. The results indicated that TELE-Web was effective in improving sight-word recognition and that these improvements transferred to a standardized measure of reading achievement. These findings suggest the promise of Internet-based software in supporting the reading programs of young readers at risk for retention or referral.