cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE OF A PARASITE (FASCIOLOIDES MAGNA) AND ITS DEFINITIVE HOST

The population genetic structure of the American liver fluke, Fascioloides magna, and its definitive host the white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, was examined in South Carolina. Flukes were significantly more common in deer from river-swamp habitat than upland areas and prevalence increased with host age. The distribution of flukes among deer occurred as a negative binomial with the mean dispersion parameter, k, equal to 0.17 and the range from 0.10 to 1.11 within local areas. Significant spatial genetic differentiation was observed for flukes and deer. Patterns of genetic distance in flukes were not concordant with those of the definitive host nor were they related to geographic distance between sample locations. Spatial genetic differentiation among flukes reflected the tendency for individual hosts to harbor multiple individuals from a limited number of parasite clones. The large population size of the parasite and movements of the definitive host tend to counteract factors that lead to spatial differentiation.
Food Thought Suppression Inventory: Test-retest reliability and relationship to weight loss treatment outcomes.

Abstract This study examined the test–retest reliability of the Food Thought Suppression Inventory (FTSI) and its relationship with weight loss during weight loss treatment. Participants were 89 adults with and without binge eating disorder (BED) recruited through primary care for weight loss treatment who completed the FTSI twice prior to starting treatment. Intra-class correlations for the FTSI ranged from .74–.93. Participants with BED scored significantly higher on the FTSI than those without BED at baseline only. Percent weight loss from baseline to mid-treatment was significantly negatively correlated with the FTSI at baseline and at post-treatment. Participants reaching 5% loss of original body weight by post-treatment had significantly lower FTSI scores at post assessment when compared to those who did not reach this weight loss goal. While baseline binge-eating episodes were significantly positively correlated with baseline FTSI scores, change in binge-eating episodes during treatment were not significantly related to FTSI scores. The FTSI showed satisfactory one week test–retest reliability. Higher levels of food thought suppression may impair individuals' ability to lose weight while receiving weight loss treatment.
Non-Renewable Resource Booms and the Poor

There are frequent suggestions that economies that specialize in mineral and energy extraction generate a type of growth that fails to concurrently benefit the poor. The dynamic effects creating this outcome could include increasing income inequality associated with extraction-led growth or Dutch Disease effects that inhibit poverty-reducing manufacturing employment. Others claim that resource extraction promotes poverty alleviation. No one, however, has directly examined the dynamics of resource extraction and the poor. This paper uses longitudinal data on income growth by quintile in 57 countries to statistically assess how the level of non-renewable resource extraction and changes in the level of extraction affects the poor. Our results indicate that at the national level there is nothing about extractive activity that overturns the adage that economic growth is concurrently good for the poor. If anything, a resource boom improves the likelihood that a growth spell will benefit the poor.
Gender Differences in Emergency Department Visits and Detox Referrals for Illicit and Nonmedical Use of Opioids.

Introduction: Visits to the emergency department (ED) for use of illicit drugs and opioids have increased in the past decade. In the ED, little is known about how gender may play a role in drug-related visits and referrals to treatment. This study performs gender-based comparison analyses of drug-related ED visits nationwide. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis with data collected from 2004 to 2011 by the Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN). All data were coded to capture major drug categories and opioids. We used logistic regression models to find associations between gender and odds of referral to treatment programs. A second set of models were controlled for patient “seeking detox,” or patient explicitly requesting for detox referral. Results: Of the 27.9 million ED visits related to druguse in the DAWN database, visits by men were 2.69 times more likely to involve illicit drugs than visits by women (95% CI [2.56, 2.80]). Men were more likely than women to be referred to detox programs for any illicit drugs (OR 1.12, 95% CI [1.02-1.22]), for each of the major illicit drugs (e.g., cocaine: OR 1.27, 95% CI [1.15-1.40]), and for prescription opioids (OR 1.30, 95% CI [1.17-1.43]). This significant association prevailed after controlling for “seeking detox.” Conclusion: Women are less likely to receive referrals to detox programs than men when presenting to the ED regardless of whether they are “seeking detox.” Future research may help determine the cause for this gender-based difference and its significance for healthcare costs and health outcomes.
Pneumoconiosis survey in Xiqing District of Tianjin City from 2006-2010

[Objective]To better understand the incidence of pneumoconiosis in Xiqing district of Tianjin city,to predict the incidence trend of pneumoconiosis,and provide evidence for its control and management.[Methods]The data of pneumoconiosis cases reported by direct reporting network from January 1,2006-December 31,2010 were collected to form a database,and analyzed by SPSS 12.0[Results]As of December 31,2010,a total of 37 cases of pneumoconiosis were diagnosed,34 of stage I,3 of stage II.Of all 37 cases,the constituent ratio of castor pneumoconiosis and silicosis was 62.16%,that of new cases in machinery industry and light industry was 85.29%,that of foundry workers,fireman,raw materials workers,welders was 83.78%,with average onset age of(50.62±7.18) years and average service length of(21.24±9.28) years.[Conclusion]The investigation shows castor pneumoconiosis and silicosis prevention in light industry and machinery industry should be the key for pulmonary disease prevention and control in Xiqing District.
Fatty acids composition of Caenorhabditis elegans using accurate mass GCMS-QTOF.

ABSTRACTThe free living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a proven model organism for lipid metabolism research. Total lipids of C. elegans were extracted using chloroform and methanol in 2:1 ratio (v/v). Fatty acids composition of the extracted total lipids was converted to their corresponding fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs) and analyzed by gas chromatography/accurate mass quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry using both electron ionization and chemical ionization techniques. Twenty-eight fatty acids consisting of 12 to 22 carbon atoms were identified, 65% of them were unsaturated. Fatty acids containing 12 to17 carbons were mostly saturated with stearic acid (18:0) as the major constituent. Several branched-chain fatty acids were identified. Methyl-14-methylhexadecanoate (iso- 17:0) was the major identified branched fatty acid. This is the first report to detect the intact molecular parent ions of the identified fatty acids in C. elegans using chemical ionization compared to electron ionization...
At a Depth of 2500 Meters:Searching for the True of Seafloor Hydrothermal Activity at Galapagos Rift

Exactly 30 years ago, the first discovery on seafloor hydrothermal activity and its associated living community was made at Galapagos Rift area. Soon after, this event rocked the fields of geosciences, and shortly after the biosciences. Since then, this discovery has been directing our effort in linking the mantle activity to chemical and biological developments in our ocean, and guiding our passion for understanding the rising of the life in the ocean at the early stage of our planet. Even now, after this long period, one can still hardly be sure about how much this discovery will bring to us in the future. Below through my personal experience, I recorded a recent research cruises with AT Atlantis and DSV Alvin (AT 11-27) in the sea of Galapagos rift area. With these short and unrefined words from this charm and mysterious water, I would like to give my respect and appreciation to this great discovery in ocean science field.
Does hunting or hiking affect wildlife communities in protected areas

Summary Managed public wild areas have dual mandates to protect biodiversity and provide recreational opportunities for people. These goals could be at odds if recreation, ranging from hiking to legal hunting, disrupts wildlife enough to alter their space use or community structure. We evaluated the effect of managed hunting and recreation on 12 terrestrial wildlife species by employing a large citizen science camera trapping survey at 1947 sites stratified across different levels of human activities in 32 protected forests in the eastern USA. Habitat covariates, especially the amount of large continuous forest and local housing density, were more important than recreation for affecting the distribution of most species. The four most hunted species (white-tailed deer, raccoons, eastern grey and fox squirrels) were commonly detected throughout the region, but relatively less so at hunted sites. Recreation was most important for affecting the distribution of coyotes, which used hunted areas more compared with unhunted control areas, and did not avoid areas used by hikers. Most species did not avoid human-made trails, and many predators positively selected them. Bears and bobcats were more likely to avoid people in hunted areas than unhunted preserves, suggesting that they perceive the risk of humans differently depending on local hunting regulations. However, this effect was not found for the most heavily hunted species, suggesting that human hunters are not broadly creating ‘fear’ effects to the wildlife community as would be expected for apex predators. Synthesis and applications. Although we found that hiking and managed hunting have measureable effects on the distribution of some species, these were relatively minor in comparison with the importance of habitat covariates associated with land use and habitat fragmentation. These patterns of wildlife distribution suggest that the present practices for regulating recreation in the region are sustainable and in balance with the goal of protecting wildlife populations and may be facilitated by decades of animal habituation to humans. The citizen science monitoring approach we developed could offer a long-term monitoring protocol for protected areas, which would help managers to detect where and when the balance between recreation and wildlife has tipped.
Crystal structure of bis[dihydrobis(3,5-dimethy-1-pyrazolyl)borato]cadmium(II)

The structure of [H2B(3,5-Me2pz)2]2Cd shows the four nitrogen donor atoms form a pseudotetrahedral arrangement about the cadmium(II). The intraligand N—Cd—N angles are restricted to an average of 91.4° by the chelate rings forcing the interligand N—Cd—N bond angles to average 119.4°. The Cd—N bond distances average 2.21 A with a range of 0.04 A. The crystal is in the triclinic space group, P\(\overline 1\) with a = 7.6793(2) A, b = 8.5992(2) A, c = 25.0874(4) A, α = 91.0791(2)°, β = 97.9769(4)°, γ = 110.2344(6)°, and Z = 2.
Analysis of a domain decomposition method for linear transport problems on networks

In this paper we analyze the convergence of the domain decomposition method applied to transport problems on networks. In particular, we derive estimates for the number of required iterations for linear problems. These estimates can be used to determine when the implementation of domain decomposition methods would be beneficial for this type of problems.
More on the Army and the BuffaloThe Author's Reply

I AM DELIGHTED that my article on the frontier army and the destruction of the buffalo has drawn comment. The truth about the past is more apt to emerge when historians exchange conflicting views than when they reiterate their agreements. Permit me to answer each of the objections in the demur point by point. To begin with, the five companies of infantry and three companies of cavalry, altogether about four hundred men, who guarded the Northern Pacific's workers and surveyors in 1880, represent an enormous military force, given the actual dimensions of the Indian threat on the northern plains. Indeed, by 1878 most of the "hostiles" had surrendered and both Generals Sherman and Sheridan believed that the "Sioux War" was over. In his annual report for 1880, Sherman described conditions on the northern plains and stressed the importance of the railroad in bringing peace and prosperity to the region: "Prosperous farms and cattle ranches exist where ten years ago no man could venture. This is largely due to the soldier, but in equal, if not greater measure, to the adventurous pioneers themselves, and to that new and greatest of civilizers, the railroad."' Of course, Sitting Bull and his followers remained in Canada, but General Miles's vigorous patrolling of the international boundary gave those refugees no choice but to go to a reservation if they returned to the United States. The disappearance of the buffalo in Canada soon forced them to take up residence on their assigned reservations. Incidently, the four hundred troops used to guard the Northern Pacific represent about 3 percent of the Division of the Missouri's total strength of a little less than fourteen thousand men. This was at a time when, in Sheridan's words, "nearly onethird of this force has been-confined to the line of the Rio Grande to protect the Mexican frontier."2 In view of the modest size of his force and the minimal Indian threat, Sheridan's willingness to commit four hundred soldiers to guard a railroad is remarkable.
Residential wind turbine design Decision Support System

Residential homeowners in Virginia pay on average $130 every month for electricity and the price is projected to increase in the future by 0.7% per year. In comparison to the rest of the United States, Virginia homeowners pay 14% more than the national average. Further, the variance in monthly bills is $54, causing uncertainty in monthly cash flows for homeowners. Renewable energy systems show potential to reduce costs and variability. Solar panels are in widespread use, except in jurisdictions where they are not allowed for residential purposes (e.g. Virginia) or where there is nonexistent direct sunlight. Solar panels only provide power during daylight hours. Residential wind turbines offer a renewable energy alternative for specific locations where wind is sufficient (e.g. adjacent to large bodies of water) or where there is potential for Venturi effect which amplifies wind magnitude (e.g. urban canyons).
Ring Models for Delay-Differential Systems

This paper studies the algebraic structure of linear systems defined over R[λ], the ring of polynomials in λ with real coefficients. Natural definitions of controllability and observability are introduced and properties of R[λ] - transfer matrix realizations are discussed. It is shown that if (A n×n B n×m ) is a controllable R[λ]-matrix pair, then for each set of polynomials β 1,β 2,…,β n in R[λ] there exists an R[λ] feedback matrix F such that det sI - A - BF = ∏ i = 1 n ( s + β i ) . By regarding λ as a suitably defined delay operator, it is explained how this result might be applied to delay-differential systems in order to control dynamic response.
The Influence of Food Aromas on Restaurant Consumer Emotions, Perceptions, and Purchases

The effect of basil, bacon, and hickory-smoked beef aromas on customers’ emotions, perceptions of food quality, and the restaurant environment, as well as entree selection was investigated. Followi...
Seasonal Variations in Severe Weather Forecast Skill in an Experimental Convection-Allowing Model

AbstractEight years of daily, experimental, deterministic, convection-allowing model (CAM) forecasts, produced by the National Severe Storms Laboratory, were evaluated to assess their ability at pr...
Crosslinking Profiles of Elastin from Anatomically Defined Regions of the Lung

Elastin was isolated and purified by a procedure which sequentially removed lipids, collagen, structural glycoproteins and the microfibrillar proteins. Cross-linking profiles were obtained by column chromatography either after reduction with 3[H]NaBH4 or after reaction with 14[C]NaCN and NH3. Examination of the crosslinking profiles of the elastins from various tissue regions revealed differences in the type, distribution and quality of crosslinks.
Incidence and outcomes of pediatric extremity melanoma: A propensity score matched SEER study.

Abstract Background There is a paucity of literature on treatment of melanoma in children with surgical management extrapolated from adult experience. The incidence and clinical outcomes of pediatric extremity melanoma were studied. Methods SEER registry was analyzed between 1973 and 2010 for patients Results Overall, 917 patients were identified with an age-adjusted incidence of 0.2/100,000 persons, annual percent change 0.96. Most had localized disease (77%), histology revealing melanoma-not otherwise specified (52%). Surgical procedures performed included wide local excision (50%), excisional biopsy (32%), lymphadenectomy (LA) (28%), and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) (15%). Overall, 30-year disease specific mortality was 7% with lower survival for extremity melanoma (90%), males (89%), nodular histology (69%), and distant disease (36%) (all P Conclusions Pediatric extremity melanoma in SEER demonstrate no survival advantage between children undergoing sampling procedures vs no sampling for regional/distant disease. Type of study Retrospective, prognostic study. Level of evidence III.
Design of Hollow Hyaluronic Acid Cylinders for Sustained Intravitreal Protein Delivery.

A hollow cylinder intravitreal implant was developed to achieve sustained release of protein to the retina for the treatment of retinal diseases. Hollow cylinders were fabricated by molding and cross-linking hyaluronic acid, the major component of the vitreous humor. Hollow cylinders were filled with a concentrated protein solution, and the properties of the cylinder walls were tested. Cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogels with swelling degrees as low as 2.7 were achieved as a means to extend the release of protein. Hollow cylinders were capable of releasing an antigen-binding fragment for over 4 months at a maximum release rate of 4 μg per day. Protein release from hollow cylinders was modeled using COMSOL Multiphysics® software, and diffusion coefficients between 1.0 × 10-11 and 3.0 × 10-11 cm2/s yielded therapeutically effective levels of protein. Cylinders with a 1 mm outer radius were capable of loading >1 mg of protein while releasing at least 2.5 μg a day for over 4.5 months. Although smaller cylinders facilitate intravitreal placement, decreasing the cylinder radius severely limited drug loading. Design of hollow cylinder intravitreal implants must balance high drug loading to reduce device size with control of the diffusion coefficient to sustain protein release.
White Matter Anisotropy for Impact Simulation and Response Sampling in Traumatic Brain Injury.

Abstract Advanced neuroimaging provides new opportunities to enhance head injury models, including the incorporation of white matter (WM) structural anisotropy. Information from high-resolution neu...
Historical and Current Advances That Incorporate Competing Risk for Benefit and Mortality in Older Patients With Cancer.

Abstract Competing risk occurs when patients have >1 disease or condition that can affect an important outcome, such as mortality. In older adults who develop cancer, the presence of comorbid chronic diseases or functional impairments can change the likelihood that the cancer will lead to an adverse outcome. The recognition and incorporation of competing risk into oncology research started during the experimental development of chemotherapy. A related concept of considering performance status in clinical trials of cancer therapies also occurred in the context of treatment interventions using chemotherapy. Statistical methodologies for competing risk have advanced substantially over time, and a patient's performance measurements remain common in deciding how best to care for older patients with cancer. The historical development of these 2 uses of competing risk, statistical adjustment in research and patient performance measurement, is explained. Furthermore, this article discusses more recent advances in merging these 2 approaches. Particular attention is given to advances in calculating life expectancy that are specific to a patient's condition, status, or setting, and to describing how these estimates might be used to inform decisions about cancer care in older patients. Frameworks for moving beyond mortality as the only considered competing outcome to describe other outcomes, such as functional loss or the need for institutionalization, are also described. Finally, approaches that could more fully leverage the advanced methods for incorporating competing risks into clinical decision making are presented.
The Changing Face of Direct-to-Consumer Print Advertising

Background: Over $US4.2 billion was spent on direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising of prescription drugs in 2008 in the US for all media, which was down from $US5 billion in 2007. However, third quarter 2009 sales were already rebounding and faring the bad economic situation better than most other categories, according to TNS Media Intelligence data. Print DTC advertising and its regulatory environment has changed so much over the past decade that an updated, comprehensive study of its content is needed to identify current public policy concerns, including the use of emotional versus rational appeals, information content, fair balance and presentation of risk information. Objectives: To identify the medical and drug information presented, the format of risk and benefit information, format of the brief summary, types of advertising appeals and selling messages utilized, and the degree to which DTC print advertisements were meeting US FDA guidelines. Methods: A content analysis study of 1735 print DTC advertisements from nine popular magazines with large distribution between 2000–7, identified benefit and risk information to assess their level of fair balance and categorise each advert into one of five categories: lawbreaker, bare minimum, DTC main pack/Peloton, chase and proactive/break away. In order to assess the impact of DTC guidelines released by the FDA in 2004, advertisements were compared for the periods 2000–3 and 2004–7. Results: Emotional rather than rational appeals were used in 55%of all adverts. From 2000 to 2003 (n = 656) there were 4 lawbreakers (0.6%), 16 bare minimums (2.4%), 631 in the DTC main pack/Peloton group (96%) and no advertisements in the proactive group. From 2004 to 2007 (n = 1079) there was 1 lawbreaker (0.1%), 51 bare minimums (4.7%), 931 in the DTC main pack/Peloton group (86.3%), 72 in the chase group (6.7%) and 24 in the proactive/break-away group (2.2%). Conclusions: This study found that emotional appeals were used to a greater degree than rational appeals in DTC print advertisements from 2000 to 2007. While critics have expressed concerns about the overuse of emotional appeals in DTC advertisements, it should be noted that most advertisements in the sample used a combination of rational and emotional appeals, rather than just one appeal to the exclusion of the other. After developing a five-tiered classification scheme, this study found that DTC print advertisements are doing a satisfactory job of meeting the FDA’s fair balance requirement, but are not doing any more than is necessary. As detailed in the results, very few are lawbreakers, slightly more do very little beyond that and the vast majority stick to what everyone else is doing. DTC advertising seems to be a ‘safety in numbers’ approach to communication.
JHAVEPOP: visualizing linked-list operations in C++ and Java

JHAVEPOP is a program visualization tool specialized in elementary pointer and linked-list operations. It is a web-started application pre-packaged with ready-made programming exercises in both Java and C++. The only preparation needed by instructors to use JHAVEPOP is telling their students what URL to load in their browsers. Once there, students read the problem statement, enter their program, and interact with an automatically generated, visual representation of the state of memory during program execution. JHAVEPOP has been used at both the high school and college level. Student feedback indicates that JHAVEPOP is helping them debug their programs faster and with less frustration.
Structure of the adduct of glutathione and activated 3-methylindole.

3-Methylindole (3MI) is a pneumotoxic metabolite of tryptophan fermentation in ruminants. The toxicity of 3MI is organ, cell, and species specific. In ruminants and horses, the most susceptible species, the lung is the target organ. Type I alveolar epithelial and nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cells are the most susceptible targets within the lungs of ruminants, 2,3 while Clara cells only are primarily damaged by 3MI in horses.4 Exposure of man to 3MI is through intestinal absorption and by cigarette smoke although the toxic manifestations of this exposure have not yet been assessed.5–7
Synthesis and emission properties of Y2Si2O7:Eu3+ phosphor

Europium doped yttrium silicate phosphor material has been prepared using combustion method for large scale production. For this material, the emission characteristics, crystallite size and morphol...
Triceps surae muscle–subtendon interaction differs between young and older adults

Background: Mechanical power generated via triceps surae muscle-tendon interaction during walking is important for walking performance. This interaction is made complex by distinct "subtendons" arising from the lateral and medial gastrocnemius (GAS) and soleus (SOL) muscles. Comparative data and our own in vivo evidence allude to a reduced capacity for sliding between adjacent subtendons compromising the Achilles tendon in old age. However, its unclear if and how these changes affect muscle contractile behavior.Objective: We investigated aging effects on triceps surae muscle-subtendon interaction using dual-probe ultrasound imaging during isolated muscle contractions. We hypothesized that, compared to young adults, older adults would have more uniform subtendon tissue displacements that are accompanied by anatomically consistent differences in GAS versus SOL muscle length change behavior.Materials and Methods: 9 younger subjects (age: 25.1 ± 5.6 years) and 10 older adult subjects (age: 74.3 ± 3.4 years) completed a series of ramped maximum isometric voluntary contractions at ankle angles spanning 0° (neutral) to 30° plantarflexion. Two linear array ultrasound transducers simultaneously recorded GAS and SOL fascicle kinematics and tissue displacements in their associated tendinous structures.Results: We revealed that older adults have more uniform subtendon tissue displacements that extend to anatomically consistent and potentially unfavorable changes in muscle contractile behavior - evidenced by smaller differences between gastrocnemius and soleus peak shortening during isometric force generation.Conclusions: These findings provide an important biomechanical basis for previously reported correlations between more uniform Achilles subtendon behavior and reduced ankle moment generation during waking in older adults.
Donkey and Mule Welfare.

Donkeys and mules have been critical to the development of human civilization, since being domesticated some 6000 years ago. However, they suffer from being undervalued or ignored by development agencies and animal protection nongovernmental organizations. Where they are recognized as affecting agriculture and the economy it is often because they are seen as being either invasive pests or an anachronism in the developing countries of the twenty-first century. Even in the wealthier societies of the world, donkeys suffer from ignorance about their proper management or a booming industry in health care products based on donkey skin gelatin and milk byproducts.
Addressing Economic/Environmental Sustainability Trade-offs in Procurement Episodes with Industrial Suppliers

Literature supports that buyers can influence suppliers to adopt sustainable practices. Much of this literature, however, is descriptive and takes only the perspective of a buyer trying to diffuse sustainability into its supply base. Alternatively, this study augments the literature through the development of a prescriptive mathematical model that maximizes a supplier's expected revenue from making a bid to a large buyer, inclusive of a sustainability criterion. Specifically, the model uses decision theory to determine an optimal level of sustainability to integrate into a bid to balance economic vs. sustainable trade‐offs based on perceived buyer preference. To illustrate the model's utility, it is then applied to a rich scenario, using data from an industrial supplier bidding for a contract to distribute a fuel additive in Brazil by balancing the trade‐off between decreased carbon emissions and increased distribution cost. A sensitivity analysis is then performed to illustrate how different forms of the buyer's objective function would influence the propagation of sustainability into optimal supplier bids. The research thereby adds to our understanding of sustainable sourcing by prescriptively modeling both buyer and supplier perspectives, when analyzing how buyer preferences can drive supplier behavior.
After Presenting Multiple Solution Strategies, What’s Next? Examining the Mathematical Connections Made by Preservice Teachers

When teaching through problem solving, effective mathematics teachers need to lead discussions that assist students in making connections between different solution strategies. However, while teaching a methods course for preservice teachers (PSTs), we noticed that after solving a problem and presenting various solution strategies, many PSTs seemed lost on how to proceed with the mathematics lesson. To address this issue, we designed an action research study where we implemented Smith and Stein’s (2011) five practices for orchestrating productive classroom discussions, and focused our attention on the fifth practice, making connections. Specifically, we designed an instructional intervention to examine the type of connections made by PSTs and how these connections changed as the course progressed to aid PSTs’ connection making skills. We identified three types of connections made by PSTs: superficial knowledge connections, procedural knowledge connections, and conceptual knowledge connections. Additionally, we observed a decrease in the amount of superficial knowledge connections and an increase in the amounts of procedural knowledge connections and conceptual knowledge connections made by PSTs throughout the course.
Hagfish genome reveals parallel evolution of 7SL RNA-derived SINEs

Short interspersed elements (SINEs) are ubiquitous components of eukaryotic genomes. SINEs are composite transposable elements that are mobilized by non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons, also called long interspersed elements (LINEs). The 3′ part of SINEs usually originated from that of counterpart non-LTR retrotransposons. The 5′ part of SINEs mostly originated from small RNA genes. SINE1 is a group of SINEs whose 5′ part originated from 7SL RNA, and is represented by primate Alu and murine B1. Well-defined SINE1 has been found only from Euarchontoglires, a group of mammals, in contrast to the wide distribution of SINE2, which has a tRNA-derived sequence, from animals to plants to protists. Both Alu and B1 are mobilized by L1-type non-LTR retrotransposons, which are the only lineage of autonomous non-LTR retrotransposons active in these mammalian lineages. Here a new lineage of SINE1 is characterized from the seashore hagfish Eptatretus burgeri genome. This SINE1 family, designated SINE1-1_EBu, is young, and is transposed by RTE-type non-LTR retrotransposon, not L1-type. Comparison with other SINE families from hagfish indicated the birth of SINE1-1_EBu through chimera formation of a 7SL RNA-derived sequence and an older tRNA-derived SINE family. It reveals parallel evolution of SINE1 in two vertebrate lineages with different autonomous non-LTR retrotransposon partners. The comparison between two SINE1 lineages supports that the RNA secondary structure of the Alu domain of 7SL RNA is required for the efficient retrotransposition. The hagfish SINE1 is the first evident SINE1 family found outside of Euarchontoglires. Independent evolution of SINE1 with similar RNA secondary structure originated in 7SL RNA indicates the functional importance of 7SL RNA-derived sequence in the proliferation of SINEs.
Molecular Imaging of Cardiac Amyloidosis

Transthyretin and light-chain amyloidosis are the 2 main causes of cardiac amyloidosis. Recent developments in molecular imaging have transformed our ability to diagnose transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis noninvasively and unmasked a hitherto unrecognized prevalence of the disease. This review summarizes the current and evolving imaging approaches, their molecular structural basis, and the gaps in imaging capabilities that have arisen as a result of parallel developments in pharmacotherapy delivering the first effective treatment options for this condition.
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

An introduction to of basic operating principles of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (formerly known as ‘electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis’) is presented. Discussion includes aspects pertaining to instrumentation, practices for measurement calibration, spectral features from secondary processes produced from the photoelectric effect, non-destructive elemental quantitation and chemical oxidation state determination, and electronic structure. Modern examples include: mapping electron donor-electron acceptor interactions in bimetallic systems, finite size effects on core-level-to-shake-up satellite intensities, and ambient pressure analysis at the liquid–vapor interface.
The Social Media Revolution: Sharing and Learning in the Age of Leaky Knowledge

This paper suggests that social media may be useful for knowledge sharing because they are leaky pipes for communication - the directionality and content of a particular message is visible to people not involved in it. However, social media are only useful for knowledge sharing if some people contribute knowledge that can leak from them and others retrieve knowledge that is leaking. I draw on interviews with employees from a financial services firm to develop a typology of reasons why new employees would not want to contribute what they know to a social media or retrieve from it knowledge contributed by others. Then, I use existing theory on knowledge sharing in organizations, coupled with recent writings about social media affordances, to develop propositions about how these barriers to knowledge sharing might be effectively overcome through strategic use of the social media affordances themselves.
Fake News Detection System using Web-Extension

Internet is a supreme one-stop source of information that enables the sharing of news and curated user-content at a rapid, effortless, and in a routine manner. News is a global medium of daily events worldwide, offering absorption of quick information. With ample availability of news content online, these news articles has by-products in information generation in both ways -real and fake news. Considering the context and volume of information shared online, it is challenging to establish authenticity of news. This leads to the immense growth of fake news on various websites, which can lead to serious concerns in society, fading away the correct news content to reach the users creating misconceptions and deceived views of the readers. To ensure the readers have the credibility of the content, we propose a web-based extension enabling them to distinguish from the fake and real news content. The proposed web extension in the paper uses multiple deep learning models. The first is based on our model trained on LSTM, and the other uses OPEN AI’s well-developed AI-generated text classifier GPT-2. The devised web-extension displays both probabilities of news being either AI-generated or written by an individual.
Superimposed linear atopic dermatitis treated with dupilumab

Common polygenic skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, may rarely present in a segmental or linear distribution due to cutaneous mosaicism. Only seven cases of superimposed linear atopic dermatitis have been reported to date. Here, we present a child with severe superimposed linear atopic dermatitis and highlight the first successful use of dupilumab in its treatment.
Circulating Microbial Signatures and Cardiovascular Death in Patients With ESRD.

Introduction Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) experience disproportionately high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Accumulating evidence suggests a role for the circulating microbiome in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease; however, little is known about its association with premature cardiovascular mortality in ESRD. Methods In a pilot case-control study of 17 hemodialysis patients who died of a cardiovascular event and 17 matched hemodialysis controls who remained alive during a median follow-up of 2.0 years, we compared the levels and composition of circulating microbiome, including Bacteria, Archaea, and Fungi, in serum samples by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and 16S or Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing, respectively. Associations of the circulating cell-free microbial signatures with clinical parameters and cardiovascular death were examined using the Spearman rank correlation and multivariable conditional logistic regression, respectively. Results Both 16S and ITS rRNA were detectable in all (except 3 for ITS) examined patients' serum samples. Despite no significant difference in 16S rRNA levels and α diversity between cases and controls, taxonomic analysis demonstrated differential community membership between groups, with significantly greater Actinobacteria and less Proteobacteria observed in cases than in controls at the phylum level. Proportions of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria phyla were significantly correlated with plasma nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels (rho = -0.41 and 0.42, P = 0.015 and 0.013, respectively) and marginally associated with risk of cardiovascular death (adjusted odds ratios [95% confidence intervals] = 1.12 [0.98-1.29] and 0.88 [0.76-1.02] for 1% increase, respectively). Conclusion Alterations of the circulating cell-free microbial signatures may be associated with higher premature cardiovascular mortality in ESRD.
Macroeconomic Determinants of Long-Term Stock Market Comovements Among Major EMS Countries

Long-term comovements of national stock markets in three EMS (European Monetary System) countries--France, Germany and Italy--are examined. The EMS stock markets are found to display long-term comovements governed by two common permanent components. To identify some interpretable sources of such long-term market comovements, the study explores whether they can be linked to similar comovements in macroeconomic variables, including the money supply, dividends and industrial production. Like stock prices, two common permanent components are found driving the comovements in each of these variables. Further analysis suggests that the long-term comovements in stock prices can be partly attributable to those in the macroeconomic variables, especially for the post-1987 period. The results confirm at least a limited role of these macroeconomic variables in accounting for the stock market comovements among the EMS countries.
Refined protocols to mitigate user-induced uncertainty for ADCP moving-boat discharge measurement in irrigation canals

Abstract A Teledyne RD Instruments StreamPro ADCP was used to quantify flow rates between 0.5 and 8 m 3 / s in man-made irrigation canals with the aim of determining best practices for the method of deployment of an ADCP using a moving boat when computing mean steady discharge. Prescription for total sampling duration is refined here as the product of the duration of a single measurement transect and the total number of transects taken in reciprocal directions. The purpose of this enhancement is to lessen measurement uncertainty arising from insufficient resolution of the turbulent fluctuating velocity signal as determined by the sampling duration chosen by the user. These guidelines also estimate the point of diminishing returns for additional data collection in order to optimize time efficiency for measurement of mean steady discharge. Suggested protocols developed from field experimentation indicate that a significant reduction in the values of uncertainty metrics can be accomplished utilizing a remotely-operated tagline deployment method with a minimum transect duration of 240 s, equivalent to 240 velocity ensembles of an ADCP measuring at 1 Hz. Concurrently, at least four total transects in reciprocal directions should be measured. This expands and refines, in application to small-to-moderate sized irrigation canals, the currently held 720 s minimum total sampling duration guideline established by the USGS. These findings will equip ADCP users across a wide range of experience with further guidance to achieve more reliable direct flow quantification and hydraulic structure calibration.
Viva La Vida

Si tratta di un monologo che mette in scena l'appassionata esistenza di Frida Kahlo "detta" dalla protagonista dal vertice estremo dei suoi giorni. Mentre corre verso la morte, Frida torna ai patimenti della sua reclusione forzata (ripetutamente ingessata e condannata all'immobilita), ai suoi lucidi deliri artistici di pittrice affamata di colore, alla sua relazione con Diego Rivera. In poche pagine c'e il Messico, c'e il risveglio dell'immaginazione, c'e la storia di una donna, c'e la rincorsa di una passione mai spenta per un uomo. La sintesi infuocata di un'esistenza.
Social Work Clinical Supervision in the Addictions: Importance of Understanding Professional Cultures

Over the past 30 years, increasing numbers of social workers have entered the field of alcohol and other drug addiction treatment. Many of them have assumed supervisory roles. Social workers who supervise addiction counselors are supervising across an often unrecognized cultural divide between the professions of social work and addictions counseling. This article compares the social work and addiction counseling cultures to enable social work clinical supervisors to recognize and bridge the divide between these 2 professions. Those supervisors who can bridge this divide can better support their supervisees' professional growth; they are also more likely to experience performance satisfaction.
Supergiant Mass Loss and the Cassiopeia a Progenitor

Observations of the chemical abundances in young supernova remnants may be used, in some circumstances, to place constraints on the evolution of the progenitor stars. For example, if a proenitor was massive (M > 10 M⊙), the presence of high 14N/ lH ratios (that is, more than five time the solar value) in the supernova remnant can imply that substantial mass loss took place during the star’s early evolution, that is, while it was an early-type supergiant.
Development of an Interactive Bioterrorism and Emerging Infections Curriculum for Medical Students and Internal Medicine Residents

While awareness of bioterrorism threats and emerging infectious diseases has resulted in an increased sense of urgency to improve the knowledge base and response capability of physicians, few medical schools and residency programs have curricula in place to teach these concepts. Public health agencies are an essential component of a response to these types of emergencies. Public health education during medical school is usually limited to the non-clinical years. With collaboration from our local public health agency, the Emory University School of Medicine developed a curriculum in bioterrorism and emerging infections. By implementing this curriculum in the clinical years of medical school and residency programs, we seek to foster improved interactions between clinicians and their local public health agencies.
Bringing psychotherapy to primary care: Innovations and challenges.

[Clin Psychol Sci Prac 17: 191–214, 2010] The segregation of mental health treatment and primary medical care in our health care system is increasingly recognized as anachronistic, as a majority of patients with psychosocial problems are turning to primary care providers. Accordingly, the development and dissemination of evidence-based psychotherapeutic interventions compatible with the constraints of primary care is becoming increasingly urgent. This article discusses the importance of finding feasible ways to bring psychotherapy to primary care, examines interventions either specifically adapted for primary care or consistent with its constraints, assesses the compatibility of these interventions with the primary care environment, considers barriers inhibiting the widespread integration of such interventions into primary care, and discusses future directions.
Cost-driven design for archival repositories

Designing an archival repository is a complex task because there aremany alternative configurations, each with different reliability levels and costs. In this paper we study the costs involved in an Archival Repository and we introduce a design framework for evaluating alternatives and choosing the best configuration in terms of reliability and cost. We also present a new version of our simulation tool, ArchSim/C that aids in the decision process. The design framework and the usage of ArchSim/C are illustrated with a case study of a hypothetical (yet realistic) archival repository shared between two universities.
Can authorship policies help prevent scientific misconduct? What role for scientific societies?

The purpose of this article is to encourage and help inform active discussion of authorship policies among members of scientific societies. The article explains the history and rationale of the influential criteria for authorship developed by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, examines questions about those criteria that emerge from authorship policies adopted by several U.S. medical schools, and summarizes the arguments for replacing authorship with the contributorguarantor model. Finally, it concludes with a plea for scientific societies to play a prominent role in the ongoing debates about authorship and the alternatives as part of their efforts to encourage ethical conduct among their members. Whether or not scientific societies develop authorship policies of their own, they should undertake vigorous educational efforts to keep their new members adequately informed about the importance of authorship practices in ethical scientific research and publication.